^7 PROCEEDINGS OF 1HI Biological Society of Washington -v * VOLUME XXV 1912 WASHINGTON PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY 1913 COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATIONS W. P. HAY, < 'haii-man N. HOLLlSTKi; J. W. (ill)LKV II. L. & J. B. McQueen, Inc. 1108 E St. N. W. Washington, D. C. OFFICERS AND COUNCIL OF I II I BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON For 1912 (ELECTED DECEMBER 16, 1911) OFFICERS President E. W. NELSON Vice-Presidt nts W. P. 11 A V .1. X. ROSE A. I>. HOPKINS PAUL BARTSCH Recording Secretary 1). E. LANTZ ( 'orresponding Seen tary X. HOLLISTER Tr^ftsurer J. W. GIDLEY COUNCIL WILLIAM II. DALL* THEODORE GILL* 1.. <>. HOWARD* FREDERICK Y. COVILLE* F. A. LUCAS* ('. HART MERRIAM* FRANK II. KNOWXTON* P.. \V. EVERMANN* GEORGE M. STEEXP.ERG* F. STE.IXEOER* T. S. PALMER* DAVID WHITE* WILLIAM PALMER A. B. BAKER A. K. FISHER VERNON BAILEY 1 1 EG 1 1 M. SMITH. A. D. Hopkins Lewis Radcuffe STANDING COMMITTEES— 1912 Committee >>n Communications P mi. I! witscii, < 'hairman ('. V. Piper R. S. Bassi.er X*. HOLLISTER Committee on Publications W. P. II w. < 'hairman J. \V. GlDI.EY Ex-Presidents of the Society. (iii) EX-PRESIDENTS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCILTY OF WASHINGTON Theodore X. Gill, 1881, 1882 *('n Aiii.Ks A. White, 1883, 18S4 *G. Brown Goode, 1885, 1886 William H. Dall, 1887, 188S Lester F. Ward, 1889, 1890 ('. Hart Merriam, 1891, 1S92 *('. \'. Riley, 1896, L894 Geo. M. Sternberg, 1S95, 1896 L. o. Howard, 1897, 1898 Frederick Y. Coville, 1899, 1900 F. A. Lucas, 1901, 1902 B. W. Evermann, 1903, 1904 F. 1L Knowlton, 1905, 1906 I,. Stejneger, 1907, 1908 T. S. Palmer, liiOi), 1910 David White, Hill * Deceased. (iv) TABLE OF CONTENTS. Officers and Committees for b»i2 iii Proceedings for L912 vii Description of a New Water Mongoose Erom East Africa, by X. Hollister 1-2 Notes on the Distribution of some Colorado Mammals, by Ed- ward R. Warren 3-8 A New Weasel from Costa Rica, by E. A. Goldman 9-10 Three New Phloethripidae (Thysanoptera) from Texas ami Michigan, by J. Douglas Hood 11-1(1 Seventeen New East Indian Crinoids belonging to the Families Comasteridse and Zygometrida?, by Austin H. Clark 17-28 A New Species of Dennacentor and Notes on other North American Ixodidse, by F. C. Bishopp 29-38 Professor Robert Collett on Pterycombus hrama Fries, by R. \V. Slmfel.lt 39-50 A New Carex from Alberta, by Kenneth K. Mackenzie .... 51-52 The Status of Bulorides brune¢ (Lembeye), by Harry C. (tberholser 53-56 Two New American Pikas, by N. Hollister 57-58 Two New Murine Rodents from Turkestan, by (ierrit S. Miller, Jr 59-60 New Genera and Species of North American Thysanoptera from the South and West, by J. Douglas Hood 61-76 Six New East Indian Crinoids belonging to the Family Chari- toinetridse, by Austin H. Clark 77-84 A New Puma from Lower California, by. I. C. Phillips .... 85-86 Descriptions of some New Species and Subspecies of Birds from Tropical America, by Robert Hidgway S7-!)i' General Notes <»:;-!M; The Trinidad Opossum on Martinique, by X. Hollister, 93 : The Mona Monkey on the Island of St. Kitts, by X. Hollister, 93; Two Genera of P>ats New to Middle America, by E. W. Nelson, '.>'■'>; The Generic Names Cercomys and Proechimys, by E. A. Goldman, 94; Fossil Crocodiles from the Canal /one, by ( '. \V. ( iilmore, 94 ; The Names of Two North Ameri- can Wolves, by Gerrit S. Miller, Jr., 95. Diagnoses of some New Genera of American Birds, by Robert Ridgway 97-102 Descriptions of Five New Birds from the West Coast of Sumatra, by Charles W. Richmond 103-106 (v) VI Biological Society of Washington, A New Subspecies of Pronghom Antelope from Lower Califor- nia, by E. W. Nelson 107-108 A New Subspecies of Mountain Sheep from Western Texas and Southeastern New Mexico, by Vernon Bailey 109-110 New Species of Anisopidrc (Rhypidse) from Tropical America, by Frederick Knab 111-114 General Notes 115-118 The Generic Names Cercomys and Proechimys, by Oldtield Thomas, 115; A Correction of Two Recent Names for Mam- mals, by E. W. Nelson, ll(i; The Technical Name of the Tasmanian Devil, by Oldtield Thomas, 116; The Cranial anil Dental Characters of Chilophylla, byGerritS. Miller, Jr., 117. Wootonella, A New Genus of Carduacese, by Paul C. Standley . 1 L9-120 Description of New Fishes of Bermuda, by Tarleton 11. Bean . 121-126 A New Member of the Perognathns parvus group of Pocket Mice, by J.' Grinnell , 127-128 The Warner Mountain Cony, by J. Grinnell 129-130 A New Chamois from the Apennines, by Gerrit S. Miller, Jr. . . l.">l-l:'>4 Notes on the Salamanders of the North Carolina Mountains, with Descriptions of Two New Forms, by C. S. Brimley . . . 135-140 Natural History Notes on some Beaufort, N. C, Fishes, 1910-1 1, No. I, Elasmobranchii, by E. W. Gudger 141-156 Notes on the Mammals of Mt. Greylock, Massachusetts, by Manton Copeland .' 157-162 Description of a New Anolis from Brazil, by Alexander G. Ruthven 163-164 Natural History Notes on some Beaufort, N. C, Fishes, 1910-11, No. II, Teleostomi, by F. W. (iudger 165-176 Mammals from Yunnan and Tonkin, by Glover M. Allen . . . 177-1SO Five New Mammals from Asia, by N. Ilollister 181-184 Genera] Notes 185-188 A New Name for Tanagra sclnteri Berlepsch, by J. II. Riley, 185; The Name of the Rocky Mountain Goats, by N. Ilol- lister, L85; The Type Locality of Proechimys steerei Goldman, by E. A. Goldman, 186; On a Specimen of Ovis californiana Douglas in the National Museum, by N. Ilollister, 187; Two Preoccupied Names, by T. Barbour, 1S7; Note on an Isopod Name, by Harriet Richardson, 1SS. A New Peccary from Costa Rica, by E. A. Goldman 189-190 Physignathus cocincinus and its Subspecies, byThornas Barbour 191-192 Vol. XXV, pp. vii-xii January 18, 1913 PROCEEDINGS OK THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON PROCEEDINGS. The Society meets in the Assembly Hall of the Cosmos Club on alternate Saturdays at 8 p. m. » January 6, 1912 — 491st Meeting. President E. W. Nelson in the chair and 38 persons present. The program for the evening was a discussion on the subject, ' Recent Environmental Changes and Relative Biogenic Sta- bility,'' led by David White and participated in by J. W. Gidley, Paul Bartsch, C. A. Davis, A. D. Hopkins, E. W. Nelson, \Vm. Palmer and others. January 20, 1912— 492d Meeting. President E. W. Nelson in the chair and 93 persons present. T. S. Palmer announced that three additional bird reserva- tions had recently been set aside by executive order of President Taft, making the present total number of such reservations 55. \V. P. Hay exhibited by lantern slides two photographs of a water spout observed by him last summer on the coast of North Carolina. The following communications were presented: ' Elk Herds in Jackson Hole, Wyoming": E. "A. Preble. "A Naturalist among the Igo rotes of the Philippine Islands": II. V. Harlan. February 3, 1912 -493d Meeting. Vice-President J. N. Pose in the chair and 56 persons present. Paul Bartsch spoke briefly of the fauna! barrier to fresh water organisms presented by the muddy waters of the Missouri River. (vii) viii The Biological Society of Washington. The following communications were presented: ' The Most Promising Animals for Fur-Farming ": Vernon Bailey. Fisheries in Alaska": John Cobb. 4 ( February 17, 1912— 494th Meeting. Vice-President A. D. Hopkins in the chair and 55 persons present. E. M. Kindle exhibited lantern slides showing impressions made hy tadpoles in the ooze of shallow ponds and suggesting that similar markings found in rocks had probably a like origin. The following communications were presented: ' Notes on Deep Sea Fishes from the Albatross Philippine Cruise": Hugh M. Smith and Lewis Radeliffe. " Botanizing in Panama": A. S. Hitchcock. March 2, 1912— 495th Meeting. President E. W. Nelson in the chair and 42 persons present. A. B. Baker read abstracts from a letter written by the Director of the Transvaal Zoological Gardens at Pretoria, refer- ring to some prominent animals of the South African fauna. The following communications were presented: ' The Story of Evolution as Revealed by a Scolytid Beetle" : A. D. Hopkins. ' Habitat, Coloration and Evolution as shown by Birds on a Javan Mountain": Win. Palmer. March 16, 1912 -496th Meeting. President Nelson in the chair and 42 persons present. Hugh M. Smith exhibited lantern slide pictures of a bluebird frozen fast in the opening of a hollow log. T. S. Palmer spoke of recent distribution of elks from Jackson Hole and elsewhere to various State and National game pre- serves. The following communications were presented: ' Translations from Torquemada's ' Monarquia Indiana ' ": E. W. Nelson. " The Ear-flower of the Aztecs ": W. E. Safford. 1 The Wilting Coefficient in the Study of Plant Associa- tions ": H. L. Shantz and L. J. Briggs. Proceedings. ix March 30, 1912 497th Meeting. President Nelson in the chair and 54 persons present. The following communications were presented : " Why is a Weed " : C. \'. Piper, [ntroduction of Tropical Fruits into the United States " : David (i. Fairchild. April 13, 1912 — 498th Meeting. President Nelson in the chair and •">'.) persons present. B. \V. Evermann exhibited dyed and undyed skins of the fur seal and made remarks on classification of these furs and the aims of the Bureau of Fisheries regarding the fur seal. The following communications were presented : " The Fossil Flora of Alaska " : Arthur Hollick. Winter Animal Life About the Base of Mt. McKinley Charles Sheldon. April 27, 1912— 499th Meeting. President Nelson in the chair and 32 persons present. The following communications were presented : Remarks on a Skeleton of the Dinosaur Stegosavrus " : ( '. W. ( id more. "Are Rabbits Rodents ? " J. W. Gidley. ' Early Bird Migration in a Late Spring at Washington, D. C., 1912'" : Wells W. Cooke. October 19, 1912— 500th Meeting. The 500th meeting of the Society was celebrated as a field day at Plummer's Island, Potomac River, the members and friends being the guests of the Washington Biologists' Field Club. In spite of a threatening morning about forty persons attended. A held luncheon was served and an informal pro- gram was followed, Paul Bartsch in the chair. Reminiscent speeches were made by Theodore Cull, L. 0. Howard, F. A. Coville, Dr. Clara Ludlow, and others. November 2, 1912— 501st Meeting. Vice-President J. X. Rose in the chair and 38 persons present. X TV Biological Society of Washington. A. C. Weed reported observations on the habits of the common coot. The following communications were presented : ' Injury to Foliage of Locust Trees by the Locust Leaf Beetle '' : A. D. Hopkins. ' Faunal Areas of the Pacific " : Austin H. Clark. ' Collecting in the Bahamas " : Baul Bartsch. November 16, 1912— 502d Meeting. Vice-President W. P. Hay in the chair and 55 persons present. Hugh M. Smith reported very late flowering of Paulownia and other plants near Washington, D. C. Barton W. Evermann reported observations on the habits of crows in the West. A. D. Hopkins presented notes by F. C. Craighead reporting that certain beetles are likely to be a factor in the control of chestnut blight. The following communications were presented : "A New Cave Fauna"' : J. W. C id ley. ' The Present and Future Status of Ducks and Geese in the United States" : Wells W. Cooke. November 30, 1912— 503d Meeting. Vice-President J. N. Rose in the chair and 36 persons present. The following communications were presented: ' Notes on Forest Insect Depredations in Yosemite National Forest": A. D. Hopkins. ' Eighteen Species of Birds New to the Pribilof Islands In- cluding Four New to North America": Barton W . Evermann. ' Development of Teeth and Bones in Fishes " : A. C. Weed. December 14, 1912 — 504th Meeting. THIRTY-THIRD ANNUAL MEETING. Vice-President W. P. Hay in the chair and 19 persons present. The reports of the recording secretary and treasurer were read and accepted. Proceedings. xi The following officers were elected for the year 1913 : President: E. W. Nelson. Vice-Presidents: \V. P. Hay, J. N. \lu^-, Pan! Bartsch, and A. I). Hopkins. Recording Secretary : D. E. Lantz. Corresponding Secretary : N. Hollister. Treasurer : J. W. Gidley. Members of the Council: Hugh M. Smith, Vernon Bailey, Win. Palmer, A. B. Baker, and A. K. Fisher. President E. \V . Nelson was elected vice-president to repre- sent the Biological Society in the "Washington Academy of Science. In the absence of the president the appointment of standing committees was deferred. >il -,,- L I B !« A i* Y - Vol. XXV, pp. 1-2 January 23, 1912 PROCEEDINGS 01 THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON DESCRIPTION OF A NEW" WATER MUNGOOSE FROM EAST AFRICA. RY X. HOLLISTER. [Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.] A collection of mammals made in British p]ast Africa and Uganda in 1010 by Mr. John Jay White includes, among other desirable material, a mungoose of the paludinosus group from the Guas Ngishu country, which apparently represents the true robustus of Gray, described from the White Nile. Comparison of this specimen with others of the group in the United States National Museum collection makes it plain that the form found on Mount Kilimanjaro is distinct from robustus, as it also is from the more southern forms of paludinosus. All the water mun- gooses from British East Africa and the Kilimanjaro region have heretofore been referred torobustus. Mungos paludinosus rubescens subsp. now Type from Mount Kilimanjaro, East Africa, at 4000 feet. Adult d"', skin and skull. United State- National Museum No. \'',\\\- Collected November 8, 1889, by I»r. W. L. Abbott. Characters. — A medium sized form, considerably smaller and lighter colored than Mungos p. robustus; size about as in M. }>. rubellus, but col- oration much darker. Skull with comparatively very small audita! bullae. Cohn- of type. — Nose to eyes, clear dark sepia ; lips and chin yellowish- buflf; cheeks, forehead, crown, and nape, grizzled; neck, body, and base of tail brighter, with no gray, and with more reddish. Uhderfur sepia, tipped with cinnamon. The long, glossy, overlying hairs of back, black, with or without rings of hazel and hay; overlying glossy hairs of sides and underparts li'_rhter brown, ringed and tipped with cinnamon-rufous. Legs and feet, blackish-hrown ; tail at base like back, but with long hairs l— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. NXV, 1912. (l) 2 Holliste) — A New Water Mungoose from East Africa. broadly tipped with bay; gradually blending to the pure black terminal third. Skull and teeth. — Compared with the skull of the adult male robustus the skull of this new form is considerably smaller, with wider rostrum; opening of anterior nares actually larger ; audita] bullae very much reduced, little more than one-half the bulk. Compared with a skull of paludinosus from West Africa (no skulls of this form from the Cape are available) it is slightly smaller, with smaller teeth, and very much smaller bulla'. Teeth as in robustus, but relatively larger; m1 actually larger. Measurements of type (from dry skin). — Head and body, 610; tail, 330. Skull of type compared with measurements of the skull of the Guas Ngishu specimen of robustus, the latter in parentheses: Greatest length, L09.5 (IIS. 6); condylobasal length, 102.5 (10S.2); basal length, 94.1 (101); zygomatic breadth, 55.5 ( — ); postorbital constriction, 15.3 (15.5); upper tooth row, including canine, 37.8 (39.1); upper molar- premolar row, 2(1(30.5); length of mandible, 7.'!. 2 (75); lower molar- premolar row, 33.1 (35). Vol. XXV, pp. 3-8 January 23, 1912 PROCEEDINGS OF I II I BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON NOTES ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF SOME COLORADO MAMMALS. BY EDWARD R. WARREN. During the summer of 1**11 T made a somewhat extended collecting trip by wagon through north-central Colorado, accom- panied by Mr. H. R. Durand as assistant. Work was first done on the plains ami " Divide :' region as far east as Cedar Point, Elbert County, and then turning westerly and northerly as far as Pawnee Buttes, and thence westerly again, the mountains were reached by way of Log Cabin, Elkhorn and Chambers Lake, and the Medicine Bow Range crossed by way of Cameron Pass into North Park, which was set off as Jackson County two years ago. Most of the work was done on the west side of the Park, ami then Buffalo Pass crossed to Steamboat Springs, and the return to Denver was via Core and Berthoud Passes. The collections made on this trip resulted in greatly extending the known range of one species of chipmunk, and add something to our knowledge of the distribution of two others; another record of Phenacomys was added to the very few Colorado occurrences of that genus; certain other notes were made which seem worthy of record, and I have added some notes lately made by myself in other portions of the State, besides the two records of Nj/cteris bdrealis which I am permitted to publish herewith and for which due credit is given under that species. I am under obligation to the Bureau of the Biological Survey for the identification of the specimen of Phenacomys. Mr. Durand kindly loaned for comparison some specimens collected by him- self on the expedition. 2— Pp.oc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XXV, 1912. (3) 4 Warren — Notes on Distribution of some Colorado Mammals. Zapus princeps Allen. Two specimens of this jumping mouse were taken on Mt. Zirkel, Jack- son County, July 11 and 12, 1911, at 9500 feet; one was taken at Brand's ranch, near Lake John, 8200 feet, July 7, and one on the Gore Pass road, about five miles east of Toponas, Routt County, 8300 feet, August 4, 1911. This species seems to be widely distributed through the mountainous parts of Colorado, though but comparatively few records of localities have been published. Microtus pauper rimus (Cooper). A single specimen of this species was taken at Walden, North Park, Jackson County, June 28, 1911. It was captured on an alkali flat west of the town, the trap being set under a greasewood (Sarcobatus) bush. I was unable to secure any more, though many traps were kept set in the locality for several days. The Pigmy Vole has such a very interrupted distribution in Colorado that each new locality should be recorded. Phenacomys orophilus Merriam. A specimen of this species was trapped by H. R. Durand near Buffalo Pass at about 10,000 feet altitude, July 25, 1911. This makes the third record for Colorado, the other two being one taken by myself at Lake Moraine, El Paso County, and a specimen in the National Museum from FairjJay, Park County.* The genus is certainly very rare in the State, for altogether only five Colorado specimens are known of the two species which occur here. Neotoma floridana baileyi Merriam. Merritt Caryf mentions finding woodrats' nests at Cedar Point, Elbert County, a few miles northwest of Limon, and states that the animals are probably this species. In a letter written a couple of years ago he spoke of this to me, suggesting that I try and obtain specimens. I paid a visit to the place May, 1911, finding several fresh nests, and collecting one individual, which, as Gary surmised, proved to be Neotoma f. baileyi. This is the most northwestern occurrence in Colorado of this species thus far recorded. Reithrodontomys megalotis (Baird). A new Colorado record for the Big-eared Harvest Mouse is a specimen sent me by C. H. Smith in November, 1910, and taken at Coventry, Montrose County, altitude 0800 feet, some time that fall. The animal was captured by Mr. Smith's cat, which should have due credit for taking a species which had escaped the notice of Smith, Merritt Gary, and myself, all of us having collected in that locality. The species must be rather rare in that region, or it would have been taken before. * Cary, N. Am. Fauna No. 33, p. list. 1911. + N. Am. Fauna No. 33, p. 115, 1911. • Warren — Notes on Distribution of some Colorado Mammals. 5 Citellus elegans < Kennicott). August 7, 1911, we saw a number of Wyoming Ground Squirrels imme- diately below the mining town of Empire, Clear Creek County, 8260 feet altitude. The animals were seen along the road just after passing through the town. 1 had never heard of this species being anywhere in that region before, and am somewhat at a loss to account for its presence. To my knowledge the nearest point at which it occurs is Fraser, some fifteen miles distant in an airline, and on the other side of the Continental Di- vide. It may possibly have crossed Berthoud Pass, though this hardly seems likely, as most of the intervening country is not of the sort it fre- quents, being very mountainous, and the I 'ass itself having an elevation of II ,000 feet. Nor in fact was the locality where I saw these such as the animal prefers, being a rather narrow rocky gulch. It seems more than likely that this colony has sprung from pet animals some one has turned loose or allowed to escape. If allowed to exist and multiply these animals may eventually become pests by finding their way down the Clear Creek Valley and out into the more open country where there are cultivated lands. They can not do much harm at their present location. Citellus obsoletus (Kennicott). A specimen of Kennicott's Ground Squirrel was collected, and a few others seen by the roadside between Simla and Mattison, Elbert County, May 24, 1911. This is the valley of Big Sandy Creek, and on the south- ern slope of the Arkansas-Platte Divide, and I think the most western record for that district. June 11, 1911, two were secured near Fosston, Weld County. Not a great deal is as yet known of the distribution of this species in Colorado, but it will no doubt be found in most of the sandy portions of the northeastern plains. Eutamias quadrivittatus (Say). The range of this species was extended on the eastward of the Medicine Bow Range considerably to the north by the capture of a specimen about 2 miles east of Log Cabin, Larimer Comity, altitude 7450 feet, June 16, 1911. Cary* gives the known northern limit along the eastern foothills as southwest of Arkins, which is 25 miles south of Log Cabin. On the west side of the North Park specimens taken by me on Mt. Zirkel make an extension of 65 miles north of what may he considered the previous north- western record, Yarmony Creek, Ragle County, which is almost duesouth of Mt. Zirkel, and the latter is only 3 miles north of Log Cabin, though over 60 miles west of that place. It should be remarked, however, that I have previously recorded"! this chipmunk from Grand Lake, Grand County, which is 25 miles north of Yarmony Creek, but 45 miles east, and 55 miles almost due southeast from Mt. Zirkel. The Mt. Zirkel specimens were collected between 9300 and 9800 feet altitude. Specimens * N. Am. Fauna No. 33, p. 71. 1911. ■fr Further Notes on the Mammals of Coli iradi i, Colo. College Pub.: Gen. Ser. No. 33, p. 68, L908. 6 Warren — Notes on Distribvtion of some Colorado Mammals. were also taken about Buffalo Pass, ]S miles south of Mt. Zirkel, at be- tween 10,000 and 10,500 feet. From the relative situations of the four localities just named it would seem probable that the species would event- ually be taken all along the Continental Divide and the Park Range in Grand, Routt, and Jackson Counties. At both .Mt. Zirkel and Buffalo Pass the species was quite common ; at our camp on Mt. Zirkel as com- mon as E. consobrinus, and much tamer, while at Buffalo Pass it did not appear to be as numerous as the other species, and curiously enough not so familiar. I discovered this in baiting them at both places for photo- graphing. Another interesting Colorado record of this chipmunk is a specimen I took on the south slope of Crested Butte Mountain, Gunnison County, at 9500 feet, October 8, 1910. It was the first of the species I have everseen in that region. I do not know if it has any bearing on the matter, but the animal was killed near the only yellow pines I know of on that moun- tain, and they would hardly be growing there at such an altitude if it was not a warm southern exposure,' though as noted above, this chipmunk ranges to a considerably higher altitude. Of five chipmunks taken at Pagosa Springs, Archuleta County, in the fall of 1911, two were guadrivittatus and three operarius. Eutamias amoenus operarius Merriam. This species was taken at Chambers Lake, Larimer County, at an alti- tude of 9100 feet. Of four chipmunks taken at this locality June 19-21, 1911, two were the present species, and two E. m. consobrinus. It is extremely interesting to find this overlapping of the ranges of these two species, though it has been previously recorded by Gary,* who found them together at Canadian Creek, at the west base of the Medicine Bow Range, in the North Park, and also at Coulter, Grand County. May 22, 1911, I took a specimen of this species at Elbert, a town on the Arkansas-Platte Divide, and well out toward the eastern end of the heavier timber growth. The only other record I have of chipmunks from the Divide is from Palmer Lake, at the east base of the foothills, where both E. operarius and E. guadrivittatus were taken by R. B. Rockwell. Both should beat Elbert. I saw other chipmunks there besides the one col- lected, but was unable to secure more. As noted under E. guadrivittatus, the present species was taken at Pagosa Springs, Archuleta County, October, 191], among the yellow pines. It does not appear to be definitely recorded from that locality. Eutamias minimus consobrinus (Allen). As just stated under the preceding species, this chipmunk was taken at Chambers Lake, Larimer County. Two were also taken on the North Park or Jackson County side of the Medicine Bows, a few miles below Cameron Pass, at an altitude of 9500 feet, and approximately opposite * Some Unrecorded Colorado Mammals. Proc. Biol. soc. Washington, XX, pp. 24- •25, 1907. Warren — Notes on Distribution of *omr Colorado Mammals. 7 Chambers Lake. As these chipmunks range to timberlineor higher, there is nothing to prevenl their crossing the Medicine Bow Range. Two specimens taken on the Buffalo I'ass road seem to show a tendency toward operarius. The color is very like that species, so much so that from it alone I would call them such, and the measurements, especially nt the hind foot, are those of operarius, while the skulls are unmistakably consobrinus. As the locality is a good distance from the present known range of operarius it seems best to refer tlieni to consobrinus, though it will not he so very surprising if future collecting along the Continental Divide, which forms the south and west boundaries of the North Park, showed operarius distributed all along the south side of the Park. Sciurus fremonti neomexicanus All en. Cary, X. Am. Fauna No. :'>:'>, pp. 70-71, speaks of the possibility that this subspecies may occur in Colorado, and mentions that it has been taken at Costilla I'ass and Bear ('anon, New Mexico, within a few miles of the Colorado boundary. A squirrel taken by me at Tercio, Las Animas County, 7800 feet, September 24, 1909, is unquestionably fremonti, being identical with other specimens in my collection from various parts of Colorado. Tercio is 6 miles north of the New Mexico boundary, and about 20 northeasterly from Costilla Pass, and in the eastern foothills of the Culebra Range. It is, however, possible that womexicanus may ex- tend into the State on the west slopes of that range. To the best of my belief no collecting has been done in that region. A squirrel taken at Pagosa Springs, Archuleta County, October 1, 1911. is also fremonti. This place is about 20 miles north of the New Mexico boundary. Nycteris borealis (Miiller). There are two Colorado occurrences of the Red Bat to be recorded. There are two specimens in the Colorado Museum of Natural History, Denver, taken at W ray, Yuma County, August 25, 1911, by Mr. L. J. Ifersey, Curator of Ornithology at the Museum, who has kindly given me permission to publish the record. .Air. Mersey tells me they were found banging to a wild grape vine in a creek bottom. The other record is of a specimen in the collection of the State Histoii- cal and Natural History Society, Denver, taken northwest of Littleton, Arapahoe County, August 27, 1911. J am indebted to the Society, through Mr. HoraceG. Smith, Assistant Curator, for liberty to publish this record. It i- odd that these specimens, collected but two days apart, were taken, the first mentioned nearly at the east boundary of the State, and the other at the east base of the foothills, the space between the two localities covering the entire plains region. The only other record of the Red Bat for Colorado is Ureeley, A. E. Beardsley.* •Warren, The Mammals of Colorado, Colo, college Pub., Gen. Ser. No. 19, p. 268, 1906. Vol. XXV, pp. 9-10 January 23, 1912 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW WEASEL FROM COSTA RICA. BY E. A. GOLDMAN The weasel of Costa Rica has been commonly referred by authors to Mustela affinis Gray, of Colombia, but in making general comparisons in connection with the identification of specimens from Panama I find that Costa Rican examples rep- resent a new form which is described below. Mustela costaricensis sp. nov. COSTA RICAN WEASEL. Type from San Juse, Costa Rica. No. IHKo J'"1111^ adult, U. S. Na- tional Museum, collected by Dr. C. H. Van Patten. General characters. — Closely allied to affinis, but somewhat larger; color about the same; audita! bullae relatively larger, less flattened. Similar to tropirnlis and perdus, but white facial markings reduced to narrow streaks, or absent ( broad and conspicuous in tropicalis and perdus). Color. — Upper parts, including outer sides of legs and feet, blackish brown or chestnut, passing gradually into nearly pure black on neck and head; under parts from median line of belly to upper part of thighs and arms varying from huffy yellow to orange buff, paling on throat and chin to pure white; white facial markings absent in type, but present in some specimens, varying from a few isolated hairs to very narrow white streaks across forehead and cheeks; tail like hack, except tip, which is black all round. Skull. — Similar to that of affinis, hut larger ; hraincase more elongated; audita] bullae relatively larger, less flattened, the anterior borders pro- jecting more prominently from cranium. General form much as in trop- iralix and perdus, but audital bulla? flatter. Measurements. — Skull of type (skin measurements not available) : Con- dylobasal length, ">:'>. 7; zygomatic breadth, 29; interorbital breadth, 11.7; audital bulla?, 14.5 x 8; alveolar length of upper molariform tooth- row, 12.7. Rirnarks. — The Costa Rican weasel is somewhat intermediate in char- 1— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.. Vol. XXV, 1912. (9) 10 Goldman — A New Weasel from Costa Rica. acters between tropicalis and perdus of southern Mexico and affinis as represented by specimens from various localities from Panama southward and including a series of 10 from Merida, Venezuela, identified by Mr. Oldfield Thomas and assumed to be typical. It is like affinis in color, but in the elongation of the braincase and form of audital bullae seems to show gradation toward the bridled weasels of Mexico. Specimens examined. — Total number. -5, from Costa Rica, as follows : San Jose (type locality), 1 ; Navarro, 1 ; without definite localities, 3. Vol. XXV, pp. 11-16 March 19, 1912 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON THREE NEW PHLCEOTHRIPID^ (THYSANOPTERA) FROM TEXAS AND MICHIGAN. BY J. DOUGLAS HOOD, Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, Urbana. The three species described below are large, striking, and conspicuous. All are distinguishable at a glance from their known North American relatives. It is perhaps to be regretted that two are represented by unique males, one of which is macropterous and the other brachypterous ; but, after nearly four years, they are here described that the genus which they represent may be placed on record as a member of the fauna of the United States. Phloeothrips vittatus sp. nov. Female. — Unknown. Male. — Length about 2.2 mm. Dorsal surface closely reticulate, non- shining; ventral surface smooth. General color by reflected light, dark mahogany brown, with a narrow, latero-dorsal, white stripe extending along the sides of the prothorax and abdomen and terminating on the seventh abdominal segment; this stripe is about as wide as the antenna, ami is interrupted only on the pterothorax, where it is entirely wanting. General color by transmitted light, yellowish brown, with maroon hypo- dermal pigmentation; legs and tube blackish brown, non-pigmented; antenna' nearly concolorous with body and with the intermediate seg- ments yellowish at base and apex. Head about 1.2 times as long as wide ; dorsal and lateral surfaces closely and strongly reticulate and with several moderately prominent spiniferous tubercles, of which those on the cheeks and four near center of dorsum* are especially noticeable; cheeks subparallel, converging rather abruptly to the eyes; postocular hristles lacking. Eyes moderately large, finely faceted, contained in length of head about two and one half times, and slightly narrower than their interval. Ocelli suhapproximate, opposite center of eyes. Antennse five-thirds as long as head; segments 3-5 * It is possible that the anterior pair are the postocular bristles. 1— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XXV. 1912. (11) 12 Hood — Three New Phlceothripidss (Thysanoptera) . clavate, abruptly narrower apically, urn- or vase-shaped ; fi and 7 clavate ; 8 sharply conical; sense cones large, moderately slender; formula*: 3, 1-2; 4, 1-2+1; 5, 1-1+1; 6, 1-1 + 1; 7, with one on dorsum near apex; segments 1 and 2 nearly concolorous with body; 3-6 blackish brown, paler at apex and with their basal two-fifths brownish yellow; 6-8 dark blackish brown, 6 with pale pedicel. Mouth cone pointed, nearly attain- ing base of presternum. Prothorax three-fourths as long as head, and (including coxae) about 1.8 times as wide as long; all usual spines present, dilated apically, the outer pair at the posterior angles longest, twice as long as the coxal and the pair at the anterior angles. Pterothorax slightly wider than long and broader than prothorax; sides nearly straight, slightly converging poster- iorly. Wings long, nearly attaining tube, not narrowed at middle, closely fringed, vein less; subapical fringe on posterior margin of first pair double for about twenty hairs. Legs normal; fore femora not swollen, about half as wide as head; fore tarsi armed with a short tooth. Abdomen moderately slender; segment 9 long, about equal to the tube in length, nearly circular as seen from above. Tube about five-sixths as long as head, tapering evenly from base to apex; terminal bristles nearly as long as tube. Marginal abdominal bristles short, capitate, colorless. Measurements. — Length, 2.18 mm.; head: length, .30 mm.; width, .25 mm. ; prothorax: length, .23 mm. ; width (including coxa?), .41 mm. ; pterothorax: width, .44mm.; abdomen: width, .45 mm. ; tube: length, .23 mm.; width at hase, .09 mm.; at apex, .045 mm. Antennae: Seg- ment 1, 39m; 2, 57m; 3, 99m; 4, 87m; 5, 81m; 0, 57m; 7, 54m; 8, 33m; total, .507 mm.; width, 41m. Described from two macropterous males taken by the writer on poplar near Baldwin, Michigan, August 17, 1908. The peculiar coloration of this insect distinguishes it at once from all other species of its genus. Its resemblance, however, both in coloration and structure, to the species of Acanthothrips is striking. The principal characters of that genus, as at present understood, are the presence in both sexes of a subapical tooth on the inner margin of the fore femora and the urn- or vase-like form of the intermediate antenna! segments. But Phloeothrips vittatus, though lacking the femoral tooth of Acantho- thrips, possesses an antenna strikingly similar to that of A. nodicornis Reuter, and in coloration is strongly suggestive of A. albiviltatus m. Diceratothrips harti sp. nov. Female. — Unknown. Male (macropterous). — Length about 2.4 mm. Color uniform black. Surface shining. Head subrectangular, 1.7 times as long as wide, truncate in front ; cheeks parallel, excepting for an abrupt, collar-like, basal widening about half as long as eye; dorsal and lateral surfaces faintly transversely striate ; * The explanation of the formula used in the description of the antennal sense cones has been given by the author in Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., Vol. 1, No. 4, p. 285, and in Knt . News, Vol. XX, No. 1, p. 29, footnote. Hood — Three New Phlceothripidse (Thysanoptera) , 13 cheeks w tively; n of small other nc: ith two rather stout spines at basal and apical thirds, respec- liddle of dorsum with a pair of small slender spines; two pairs interocular spines, one just behind the posterior ocelli, the ir anterior angle of eyes and pointing directly forward; post- ocular bristles pointed, about as long as eyes. Eyes small, not protruding. Ocelli moderately large, their diameter about twice as great as that of facets of eyes; posterior ones widely separated, contiguous to margins of eyes ; anterior ocellus situated on extreme vertex, slightly overhanging and pointing di- rectly forward. Antennae inserted be- neath vertex, slightly more than twice as long as head; segments 3-5 clavi- form, elongate, 3 slightly more than four times as long as its greatest sub- apical width; 6 and 7 oblong, pedi- cellate; , 7s/x; 7, <><>m; 8, 47m; total, .71 mm.; width, .03(1 mm. Described from one long-winged male taken in sweepings from grass in the South Texas Garden, Brownsville, Texas, June 27, 1908, by Mr. Charles A. Hart, for whom the species is named. Female Male ( brachypterous ). surface shining. Diceratothrips longipes sp. nov Unknown. Length about 2.:! nun Color uniform Mai Head subrectangu- lar, 1.7 times as long as wide, truncate in front; cheeks subpar- allel except for an abrupt collar-like basal widening about .04 mm. in length; dorsal and lateral surfaces faintly transversely striate, set with a few short, rather stout spines which are not raised on tubercles and of which there is a longer and stronger pair near middle of dorsum and two pairs on the lateral outline at the basal and apical thirds, respectively ; two pairs of small in- terocular spines, one just behind the posterior ocelli and the other near anterior angle of eyes; postocular bristles pointed, about as long as eyes. Eyes small, not protruding. Ocelli moderately large, their diameter about twice as great Fig. 3. Diceratothrips harti sp. nov., male, holotype. (J. D. H. del.) Pig. 4. Diceratothrips longipes sp. nov., male, holotype. (J.D. H. del.) Homl — Three Xeir Phi o< ithripidse. (Thysanoptera) . 15 as that of facets of eyes; posterior ones widely separated, nearly contigu- ous to margins of eyes; anterior ocellus situated on vertex and directed forward and upward. Antennae slightly less than twice as long as head, not inserted beneath vertex ; segments 3 •") clavaform, elongate, 3 nearly live times as long as greatest subapical width; (land 7 oblong, pedicellate; 8 subcorneal; sense cones short, acute. Mouth cone broadly rounded at apex and reaching beyond middle of presternum. Prothorax about .6 as long as head and (including coxae) almost twice as wide as long, surface nearly smooth; anterior angles produced into a strong, short, tooth-like projection about .17 mm. in length; posterior angles with three distinct sclerites; usual spines all present, the two pairs at the posterior angles much the longest, about as long as the postoculars. the others about as long as those on cheeks; fore coxse armed with a single rather short spine. Pterothorax slightly narrower than prothorax, sides subparallel. Wings reduced, .7 as long as head, slightly less than live times as long as wide. Legs very long; spines short, slender, incon- spicuous; fore femora very large, longer than and .7 as wide as head, and about three times as long as wide ; fore tarsi armed with a long, slender, straight tooth nearly as long as eye. Abdomen slender, slightly narrower than prothorax; sides subparallel to sixth segment, thence tapering to base of tube; tube slightly shorter than head, expanded in basal sixth and narrowed at apex, intermediate portion parallel-sided ; terminal bristles weak, two-fifths as long as tube. Abdominal bristles pointed, long and strong, those on segment 9 nearly as long as tube. Measurements. — Length, 2.27 mm.; head: length, .40 mm. ; width, .24 mm. ; prothorax : length, .25 mm. ; width (including cox;e), .47 mm.; pterothorax: width, .42 mm. ; abdomen: width, .45 mm.; tube: length, .37 mm. ; width at base, .102 nun.; at apex, .048 mm. Antennae: seg- ment 1, 69m; 2, 72m; 3, 174m; 4, 129m; 5, 108m; 0, 78m; 7, 72m; 8, 42m; total, .74 mm.; width, .036mm. Described from one short-winged male taken on huisache (Acacia far- nesiana YVilld. ), in the South Texas Garden, Brownsville, Texas, June 27. L908, by Air. Charles A. Hart. Vol. XXV, pp. 17-28 PROCEEDINGS <>!•• THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON v w seventeen new east indian crinoids belong [ng to the families (omasterid.e and zygometrim:. BY AUSTIN II. CLARK. Professor Max Weber has done me the honor of entrusting to me for study the very extensive collection of unstalked crinoids brought together by the Sibnga during the course of her inves- tigations in the Dutch East Indies. The great importance of this collection may be appreciated when it is stated that it con- sists of some 1320 specimens, representing approximately 170 species. The large number of new forms discovered naturally throws an entirely new light upon the systematic interrelationships of many species and genera, while the new geographic data pre- sented will be of the greatest interest in its bearing on the study of the geographical distribution of these and other animals. As it will take considerable time to digest all the new facts and to complete a satisfactory report it has seemed advisable to publish preliminary diagnoses of the new genera and species in advance of the final memoir, in which they will be described in greater detail and figured, and in which their relationships with other forms will be discussed. Among the new forms there are comparatively few which show any great departure from types already known. A large num- ber of the new species are from the Lesser Sunda Islands and represent in that region related species previously known from Japan or from Hawaii. Many of the others are from the Java Sea. and are essentially sudden local departures from well known and widely ranging East Indian types. ")-Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XXV, 1912. (IT) 18 Clark — Seventeen New East Indian Crinoids. The small species of the Antedonidse, of which this collection contains a large number, are most instructive in showing the very intimate connection between many genera and several subfamilies which heretofore have been considered as quite dis- tinct. In the final report a revision of this difficult group will be included. Palfeocomatella gen. now Genotype. — Actinometra difficilis P. H. Carpenter, 1888. Diagnosis. — Post-radial structure as in the twenty armed species of Comatula (C. rotatoria); proximal cirrus segments (except the basal) elongated; outer cirrus segments short and bearing dorsal tubercles as in Comatella ; centrodorsal large, discoidal, the cirrus sockets in one and a partial second marginal row, but the second row, instead of alternating irregularly with the first as in all the other genera of comasterids, is exactly beneath the first so that the cirrus sockets are arranged in columns, five to each radial area. Capillaster gracilicirra sp. now This new form is closely related to C. seniosa, from which it differs in its longer and much more slender cirri which have proportionately much longer segments. The cirri are xvn, 27-35 (usually nearer the latter I, 33 mm. long; the longer proximal segments are twice as long as broad, slightly constricted centrally with swollen ends ; the shorter distal seg- ments are about as long as broad; the tenth or eleventh is a transition segment. The arms are from fifty-one to one hundred ten in number, 100 mm. to 140 mm. long. Type locality.—" Siboga" Station No. 320. Capillaster tenuicirra sp. now This new species is closely related to C. multiradiata, but is compara- tively slender and delicate, with much longer and much more slender cirri. The cirri are xn-xvi, 24-30, 25 mm. to 28 mm. long; the fifth and sixth segments are the longest, twice as long as broad; the tenth or eleventh and following are very slightly longer than broad, and some- times bear two, a proximal and a distal, dorsal spines. The cirri taper slightly to the middle of the sixth (transition) segment, being more slen- der and highly polished from that point onward. The arms are from ten to thirty (usually between fifteen and twenty-five) in number, 110 mm. to 130 nun. long. ■ Type locality.—" Siboga " Station No. 320. Cotnissia littoralis sp. nov. The centrodorsal is discoidal, the dorsal pole fiat, 2.5 mm. to 3 mm. in diameter. The cirri are x\i-.\xn,M(i, 10 mm. to 11 mm. long; the first segment Clarl — Seventeen New East Indian Crinoids. 19 is short, the second aboul twice as broad as long, the third aboul half again as long as the proximal diameter, the fourth about twice as long as the proximal diameter or slightly longer, the fifth about as long as the fourth or slightly shorter; the following rapidly decrease in length, becom- ing alter the eighth or ninth slightly broader than lung; the fifth and following have a slight subterminal dorsal tubercle which gradually moves anteriorly, becoming median after the ninth ; the opposing spine is very small, subterminal. The earlier longer segments are slightly constricted centrally with prominent ends ; the distal shorter segments are laterally compressed and therefore appear broad. In general appearance the cirri resemble those of Comanthus pinguis or of C. japonicus. The ends of the basal rays are visible as small tubercles in the angles of the calyx; very narrow snbradial clefts are present; the radials are con- cealed; the i Hri are concealed except in the angles of the calyx, where their lateral edges diverge at an angle of 90°; the axillaries are almost triangular, twice as broad as long; the lateral edges are very short, mak- ing an obtuse angle with those of the i Bn. The ten arms are about 60 mm. long, and resemble those of C. lutkeni, Imt the basal swelling is only very slightly marked. Pi is considerably longer and stouter than the succeeding pinnules. Type locality.— "Siboga" Station No. 129, reef. Comissia parvula sp. now This new species is closely related to C. hispida, but it is a smaller, more delicate and more slender form ; the cirri while resembling in struc- ture those of C. hispida, are arranged in two rows instead of in a single row on the centrodorsal, and are more slender and more numerous. From C. chadiricki, which also possesses the same type of centrodorsal and of cirrus structure, it differs in having fewer cirrus segments and a smaller centrodorsal on which the cirri are arranged in two rows instead of in a single irregular row. . The centrodorsal is large, discoidal, the dorsal pole flat, 2 mm. to 2. 5 mm. in diameter. The cirri are xx-xxin, 9-13 (usually 11), 7 mm. to i) mm. long. The arms are 45 mm. long, and slender. Type locality. — East Indies; collected by the " Siboga." Comissia gracilipes sp. nov. The centrodorsal is large, discoidal, with a broad flat dorsal pole 2 nun. in diameter. The cirrus sockets are arranged in a single very closely crowded marginal row. In the type the cirri are \v, all lacking; in a smaller specimen the cirri are xx, in one and a partial second row, the latter apparently undergoing suppression ; there are also traces of the sockets of a third row. In this latter the cirri have '.» segments and are from 4 mm. to 4.") mm. long; the first segment is nearly or quite twice as broad as long, the second is slightly longer than broad, the third is about three times as 20 Clark — Seventeen New East Indian Crinoids. long as the diameter of the proximal end, the fourth is slightly longer, and the fifth is about as long as the third; the sixth is about twice as long- as the diameter of the distal end; the seventh is slightly shorter; the antepenultimate is half again as long as broad, and the penultimate is about as long as broad. The longer earlier segments are slightly con- stricted centrally with expanded ends as is usual in the genus. The dorsal processes on the outer segments are almost obsolete. The ten arms resemble those of C. parrula. Type locality.— ■" Siboga " Station No. 2t>7. Comissia spinosissima sp. no v. The centrodorsal is large, thin discoidal, the dorsal pole Hat, regularly pentagonal, 2 mm. in diameter. The cirri are xxx, 10-11, 8 mm. long, small and slender, with rather strongly produced distal edges on the shorter outer segments; the first segment is very short, the second twice as long as the expanded ends, the third the longest, about four times as long as the median diameter; the fourth is nearly as long as the third, hut the distal end is more expanded ; the fifth is twice as long as the expanded distal end ; the following gradu- ally decrease in length so that the antepenultimate is about as long as broad ; the second and third segments have both the proximal and distal ends considerably eidarged, and are slender and broadly oval in cross section ; the fourth has the proximal end only very slightly enlarged, but gradually expands from the middle to the distal edge, which is produced and overlaps the base of the succeeding segment; the following segments gradually increase in lateral diameter, the enlargement of the distal ends gradually decreasing in extent; the fifth and following segments have slight snbterminal tubercles; the opposing spine is terminal, minute, but larger than the tubercle on the preceding segment; the terminal claw is nearly twice as long as the penultimate segment, and is strongly curved. The radials are concealed in the median line, but are slightly visible in the angles of the calyx; the i Bn is very short, oblong, five or six times as broad as long, very closely united with the succeeding axillary which is triangular, twice as broad as long. The ten arms are 45 mm. long; the brachials resemble those of C. hispida. The ossicles of the division series and the brachials have their distal borders armed with very long fine spines; the pinnulars are exceedingly spinous, and the third has a slight, very spinous, carina- tion. Type locality.— "Siboga" Station No. 305. Comatula tenuicirra sp. nov. This form is closely related to C. purpurea from which it differs in possessing longer and more slender cirri. In the type the cirri are x (in interradial pairs), 14-15, 13 mm. to 15 mm. long; the first segment is short, the second nearly as long as chirl, — Seventeen New East Indian Crinoids. 21 broad, the third one-third to one-half again as long as broad ; the Eourth and fifth arc twice as long as the median diameter; the following seg- ments become slightly shorter so that the third before the penultimate is about one-thin! longer than broad, the next slightly shorter, the ante- penultimate half again as long as broad, and the penultimate very slightly longer than broad. The ten arms resemble those of the slender armed variety of C. pur- purea and measure 125 mm. in length. The second and third segments of the lower pinnules are very strongly carinatc. Type locality.—" Siboga " Station No. 320. Cominia australis sp. nov. Tins species dillers from C. decameros in having fewer cirri which have fewer segments and are very slightly stouter and less compressed laterally ; the synarthrial and articular tubercles are not so prominent as in C. decameros, but the rugged character is indicated and might become prominent in larger specimens. The centrodorsal is thin discoidal, the bare dorsal pole flat, 2 mm. in diameter ; the cirrus sockets are arranged in three closely crowded roughly alternating marginal rows. Cirri xxiv, 12-13, 13 mm. to 15 mm. long; the first segment is short, the second nearly or quite twice as broad as long, the third twice as long as the diameter of the ends; the fourth, fifth and sixth are about three times as long as their median diameter ; the following gradually decrease in length so that the antepenultimate is about one-third longer than broad ; the opposing spine is represented by a slight subterminal tubercle; the terminal claw is longer than the penultimate segment, rather stout, and moderately curved; the longer proximal cirrus segments have slightly swollen distal ends, this character gradually disappearing as the segments become shorter; the last four or five segments before the pen- ultimate have the distal dorsal margin very slightly thickened; the cirri are moderately compressed laterally, this increasing slowly and evenly from the base to the short outer segments ; the eighth or ninth segment becomes lighter in color distal ly and is a slightly marked transition seg- ment, though the following segments are, like the preceding, without dorsal processes. The post-radial series resemble those of C. decameros, but are not quite so rugged and tubercular. The ten arms were probably about (K) mm. long. Type locality.—" Siboga" Station No. 297 H , Comaster sibogae sp. nov. Comaster sibogae is most nearly related to C. fruticosus, differing from that form chiefly in its proportionately longer and much more slender cirri which have proportionately longer proximal segments, and up ire prominent dorsal spines on the distal segments. 22 Clark — Seventeen New East Indian Cri voids. The cirri arc xxu, 13, 13 nun. long; the first segment is short, the second is twice as long as its median diameter, the third about three times as long as its median diameter, the fourth and fifth the longest, three to three and one-half times as long as the median diameter; the following segments decrease rapidly in length, so that the antepenultimate is slightly longer than broad and the penultimate about as long as broad; the. fifth is a transition segment; the following have small, but sharp and prominent, dorsal spines which are acutely triangular in end view; the opposing spine is subterminal, slender, and very sharp, in height equal to about one-third the lateral diameter of the penultimate segment; the terminal claw is nearly or quite twice as long as the penultimate segment, very slender and moderately curved basally, but becoming nearly straight in the outer two-thirds. The arms are about sixty in number, 100 mm. long. Type locality.— " Siboga " Station No. 318. Comaster pulcher sp. now The cirri are XXVII, 15-17, 12 nun. to 15 mm. long; the first segment is about twice as broad as long, the second about twice as long as the expanded distal ends, strongly constricted centrally, the third three or four times as long as the median diameter, constricted centrally, though not so much so as the preceding; the fourth segment is slightly over twice as long as the proximal diameter; the following rapidly decrease in length so that the seventh and following are about as long as broad; the fourth and following have small subterminal dorsal tubercles, and also have the distal edge everted and prominent so that in a lateral view they appear to bear dorsally a broad tubercle with a concave crest. The thirty-seven arms are 85 mm. long; one of the n Br series is 2, the remaining nine being 4 (3 + 4); the in Br series are all 2; those which are absent are all external. Type locality. — "Siboga" Station No. 257. Comantheria weberi sp. nov. This new species is most closely related to ('. imbricata ; but it is a more delicate and slender form with more numerous arms and much less robust and smaller cirri. It also lacks entirely on the division series, and almost entirely on the arms, the strong imbrication of the ossicles from which imbricata gets its name. The centrodorsal is discoidal, moderately thick, the Hat dorsal pole 4 mm. in diameter. The cirri are xxxir, 19-20 (usually the latter), about 20 nun. long; the fifth and sixth or sixth and seventh segments are the longest, about half again as long as broad; the outer segments are nearly or quite twice as broad as long; the seventh or eighth (usually the latter) is a transition segment, strongly marked and encircled with a dark band; after the transition segment the distal dorsal edge of the segments begins to pro- ject, forming a serrate transverse ridge which on the outer segments Clark — Seventeen New East tndian Crinoids. 23 becomes subterminal, remaining as a narrow serrate ridge which may be more or less raised in the center; on the fifth after the transition segment a small low tubercle appears midway between this ridge and the proxi- mal end of the segment which on the outer segments becomes pointed so that in lateral view the dorsal surface of the segment is hidentate as in Oligometra adeona ; the longer proximal segments are slightly constricted centrally with prominent ends; proximal to the transition segment the cirri are brownish yellow, distal to it white and highly polished. The arms are forty in number, 95 mm. long; all the 11 Br series are 4 (.".4-4) and all the m Br series are2; there is no division beyond the in Br series. The division series are moderately broad ami well rounded dor- sally, moderately separated; the dorsal interradial perisome contains small scattered inconspicuous plates; the brachials are moderately over- lapping. Type locality. — "Siboga" Station No. 49a. Comantheria rotula sp. nov. This form is intermediate between C. briareus and ('. weberi ; it exhibits the post-radial structure of the latter, hut possesses the centrodorsal and cirri of the former. The centrodorsal is greatly reduced, usually with a few weak cirri, though there may he none. The arms are forty in number, in the type 150 nun. long; the II Br series are 4 (."> + 4) and the m Br series L' ; there is no further division. The dorsal surface of the animal is smooth, with comparatively little overlap to the brachials, and the rugged appearance characteristic of brian us i- entirely absent. Type locality. — "Siboga" Station No. 273. Comanthus crassicirra sp. nov. This species is related to C. japonica, and is the first member of the -mall group to which C. japonica belongs to he hrought to light south, of Japan. The centrodorsal is flattened hemispherical, the small dorsal pole fiat, •_' luni. in diameter; the cirrus sockets are arranged in one and a partial second irregular marginal row. The cirri are xvn, 22-24, 24 mm. long; the first segment is short, the following gradually increasing in length so that the fourth is nearly or tpiite as long as broad and the fifth and sixth or sixth and seventh, which are the longest, nearly or quite half again as long as broad ; the following segments gradually decrease in length so that the terminal eight or ten are slightly broader than long; the twelfth or thirteenth and following have small subterminal dorsal tubercles; the shorter distal segments are slightly compressed laterally and have a highly polished surface, though this begins gradually so that there is no marked transition segment; the opposing spine is small, low and broad, median or subterminal. As a whole the cirri are large, long and stout, resembling those of C. japonica. 24 Clark — Seventeen New East Indian Crinoids. The radials are just visible in the median line beyond the eentrodorsal, but extend well up in the angles of the calyx, their distal ends being slightly separated so that the bases of the i Bn are not in apposition; the i Bri are short with a convex proximal border and slightly converging lateral edges; they are about three times as broad as the median length; the axillaries are broadly pentagonal, twice as broad as long, the anterior angle sharp, and the distal edges concave; the lateral edges are about as long as those of the i Bri and make with them an obtuse angle. There are three n Br and four in Br series present ; three of the latter are internal, the fourth being developed by the side of an internal one. The division series are narrow so that a large amount of dorsal perisome is visible; this is protected with numerous small irregular plates. The seventeen arms are 1_?0 mm. long, and resemble those of (7. japonicus. Type locality. — "Sihoga" Station No. 133. Family ZYGOMETRIDjE. Zygometra punctata sp. nov. The eentrodorsal is thin discoidal, the broad dorsal pole flat, circular, 2.7 mm. in diameter. The cirri are xv, 18-19, 9 mm. long; the first segment is very short, the second and third about three times as broad as long, the fourth about twice as broad as long ; the next two or three are similar to the fourth ; the following decrease very gradually in length so that the distal ten or eleven are slightly broader than long; the sixth and following bear prominent sharp dorsal spines. The radials are entirely concealed by the eentrodorsal ; the i Bn are very short and band-like, six or more times as broad as long, united to the axillary by pseudosyzygy ; the axillaries are low triangular, the late- ral angles slightly truncated, three times as broad as long. The n Br series are 4 (34-4), broad like the i Br series, with straight lateral edges which are more or less flattened and are almost or quite in apposition; the lateral portions of the dorsal surface of the ossicles of the division series are roughened or very finely papillose as in the species of Mariametra. The type has twenty-one comparatively short and rather stout arms 35 mm. long. Pi is about 5 mm. long, rather stout basally but tapering in the distal half to a slender flagellate tip, with twenty segments of which the first is about three times as broad as long and the following gradually increase in length becoming about as long as broad on the ninth and slightly longer than broad terminally ; the proximal segments are rather strongly cari- nate, the carination having a straight profile parallel to their longitudinal axes ; the outer segments have slightly prominent distal ends. P2 is similar to Pi, but just perceptibly smaller and shorter. P3 is 2.5 mm. long with twelve segments, resembling, except for its small size, the preceding. P4 is 2 mm. long with twelve segments of which the first three are much Clark — Seventeen New East Indian Crinoids. 25 broader than long, the fourth is about as long as broad, and the distal twice as long a< broad. Ps is 2.5 mm. long with twelve segments and resembles l'i, but is very slightly stouter basal ly and possesses longer segments distally; the following pinnules resemble I'.-,. The distal pin- nules are 4 mm. long with fifteen segments of which the distal are nearly or quite three times as long as broad. The color is white or brownish white with numerous regular purple spots on the division series and arm bases, and in band-like areas on the outer part of the anus; the cirri are white, with each segment banded with purple. Type locality . — "Siboga" station No. 273. Eudiocrinus junceus sp. nov. The centrodorsal is discoidal, moderately thick, the .sides sloping inward rather strongly; the fiat dorsal pole is 1 mm. to 1.5 mm. in diameter; the cirrus sockets are arranged in two closely crowded and irregular rows. The cirri are xxv, 2'2, 23 mm. long, greatly elongated with elongated segments, very slender, tapering from the base to the tip, rather more in the first three or four segments than subsequently. The first segment is short, the second not so long as broad, the third nearly or quite twice as long as the proximal diameter, the fourth about four times as long as the median diameter, the sixth, seventh and eighth very slightly longer; fr this point the length almost imperceptibly decreases so that the seventeenth and following are slightly over twice as long as broad; the penultimate is half again as long as broad and tapers somewhat distally ; the opposing spine is represented by a small, rounded subterminal tubercle; the terminal claw is slightly longer than the penultimate seg- ment, very slender and very sharp, only slightly curved. The second and third segments are rather strongly constricted centrally, and the sixth and following have moderately expanded and slightly overlapping distal ends; both of these characters gradually the away distally. The cirri are rather strongly compressed laterally from the fifth segment onward. The radials are just visible beyond the edge of the centrodorsal ; their distal horder is swollen and turned outward, smooth or evenly tubercu- lated. The ossicles of the i Br series ( which are united in a pseudosyzy- gial pair) taken together are oblong, not quite twice as broad as long; both the proximal and the distal borders are turned outward, the former slightly, hut the latter standing up at right angles to the general surface of the segment, with a smooth ami somewhat thickened edge ; the proxi- mal edge may be more or less scalloped, and hears just within the border a prominent rounded tubercle; the produced distal edge is thickest and most prominent in the mid-dorsal half, this portion being distally evenly concave; the remainder of the distal edge may he broadly scalloped. The five arms are '.hi mm. long; the first brachial i< oblong, two and one-half to three times as broad as long, the proximal and distal edges slightly thickened and everted; the second brachial is similar, hut the 26 Clark — Seventeen New East Indian Crinoids. distal edge is prominently everted, especially in the central third where the eversion is thickened and distally concave, standing up vertically from the dorsal surface of the segment; the third and fourth brachials form a syzygial pair winch is slightly longer on one side than on the other, and is about twice as broad as the lesser length ; this syzygial pair resembles the primibrachial pseudosyzygial pair, but the tubercle just within the proximal border is only barely indicated ; the following three brachials arc slightly wedge-shaped, about twice as broad as the median length, with their distal borders everted as described for the second brachial, but progressively less and less so; the following brachials are triangular, about as long as broad, with slightly produced and overlap- ping distal edges. From the fourth to the ninth brachials there is a low median carination which after the ninth becomes the low rounded zigzag keel characteristic of the arms of all the species of this genus, which is traceable throughout the entire length of the arms. Pc is 6.5 mm. long with fifteen segments, rather stout nasally, but tapering rapidly to a very delicate tip, strongly prismatic; the first seg- ment is much broader than long, the following gradually increase in length becoming about as long as broad on the fourth or fifth and termi- nally twice as long as broad ; the second to the sixth segments have a narrow sharp carination, the crest of which is straight and parallel to the longitudinal axis of the pinnule ; the outer edge of the prism formed by the pinnule is sharp; the outer surface of the pinimlars between the prismatic angles is flat or very slightly concave; Pi is similar, 6.5 mm. long with thirteen or fourteen segments; Pa is 11 mm. lung with fifteen segments, much larger and stouter than the preceding, tapering evenly from the base and becoming very delicate distally ; the first segment is much broader than long, the following gradually increasing in length and becoming about as long as broad on the fourth, and three times as long as broad terminally; the second, third and fourth have a low even cari- nation ; the second and following have their distal edges all around pro- duced and finely spinous ; P2 is 11 mm. long with fifteen segments, exactly resembling Pa ; P& is from 8 mm. to 10 mm. long with nineteen segments, of which the basal are as small as the basal segments of P2; the first segment is short, more or less crescentic, the second is about twice as broad as the median length, the third is not quite so long as the distal breadth, the fourth is from one-third to one-half again as long as broad, and the following gradually increase in length, after the eighth being three or four times as long as broad; the fifth and following have slightly produced and spinous distal edges ; P3 is 10 mm. or 11 mm. long, similar to P/> ; Pc is 8 mm. long with seventeen segments, very slender (more slender than P&) with more elongated segments than P& ; P4 is similar to Pc ; Pd is 7 mm. long with eighteen segments, resembling Pc, but even more delicate, with longer segments; P5 is similar to P7. dark — Seventeen New East Indian Crinoids. 27 Eudiocrinus pinnatus ap. nov. The centrodorsal is discoidal, the tlat dorsal pole 2 mm. in diameter; the cirrus sockets are arranged in two marginal rows. The cirri are xvn, 17-22, 10 nun. to 11 mm. long; all the segments beyond the third arc subequal, none being quite so long as broad; the fourth to the eighth or ninth have slightly prominent distal edges, espe- cially dorsally. The cirri arc rather stout and arc of the same type as those of E. variegatus. The live arms are about 75 mm. long; the brachials are unornamented, and their distal edges are not produced. 17' is 4 mm. long, with eleven segments, moderately stout, strongly prismatic, evenly tapering to the tip, the distal border of the segments sharply, though narrowly, earinate; Pi is 4.5 mm. lone, witli twelve seg- ments, similar to IV; ]',, i< 11 mm. long, with seventeen segments, very slender like the succeeding pinnules, though very stiff; the first two seg- ments are slightly broader than long, the third and fourth half again as long as broad, the following gradually increasing in length and becom- ing distally three or four times as long as broad; the distal edges of the third and following segments are produced and spinous; the pinnule resembles the lower pinnules in certain of the more slender species of Colobometra ; I'i is similar to l'„, 11 mm. long, with seventeen segments; l'l, is similar to P3, 8 mm. long, with eighteen segments; P3 is 8 mm. ong, with eighteen segments, proportionately more slender than P2 and with much shorter segments which become as long as broad on the third and twice as long as broad basally on the tenth or eleventh; Pc and P4 are 7.5 mm. long, with eighteen segments, and resemble the preceding pinnules; the distal pinnules are 12 mm. long, with from twenty to twenty-four segments which, beyond the fifth, are twice, and distally are three times as long as broad, with very finely spinous distal ends. Type local ily.—" Si boga " Station No. 310. Eudiocrinus venustulus sp. nov. The centrodorsal is thin discoidal, the bare dorsal pole fiat, finely papil- lose, 1 mm. in diameter; the cirrus sockets arc arranged in a single marginal row. The cirri are xii, 15-16, 6.5 mm. long, rather slender ; the first segment is short, the second longer, the third about as long as the median diam- eter; the fifth and sixth are the longest, about as long as their distal diameter or slightly longer ; the segments after the eighth are subequal, slightly longer than broad ; the third to the seventh segments are con- stricted centrally with strongly expanded distal ends which overlap the bases of the succeeding segments, especially dorsally; beyond the seventh this character gradually dies away. The distal edge of the radials is just visible beyond the edge of the centrodorsal, and is ornamented with a row of small regular tubercles; the pseudosyzygial pair (the ossicle- of the 1 Br series) is oblong, not quite twice as broad as long, with the proximal, distal and lateral edges 28 Clark — Seventeen New East Indian Crinoids. everted; the lateral edges are beaded like the distal edge of the radials ; the proximal edge is faintly scalloped and bears a prominent median tubercle; the distal edge has the median third of the eversion thickened and standing up vertically as a high transverse ridge; the pseudosyzygial line is finely beaded; the first brachial is oblong, about three times as broad as long; the proximal edge is slightly everted, with a prominent, though small, median tubercle; the distal edge is strongly everted and thickened, this thickened and everted border being more or less divided in the middle; the second brachial is very slightly larger than the first, about twice as broad as long; the distal edge is everted, the central third of this eversion being thickened and produced; the first syzygial pair (composed of the third and fourth brachials) is about as long as broad or slightly longer than broad; the proximal edge is slightly everted with a minute median tubercle; the distal edge is slightly everted with a slightly larger, more or less transversely elongate, median tubercle; the following brachials have finely spinous distal ends which are not produced not- everted ; a slight median tubercle is visible on the proximal border of the brachials up to the first or second beyond the second syzygy; there is a very low and faint median carination on the syzygial pair and on the following brachials which is accentuated by being light in color bordered with dark on either side; on the triangular brachials this becomes zigzag as in the other species of the genus. The five arms are 60 mm. long. Pp is 3 mm. long with ten segments ; the first bears a very large fan- shaped, rounded or distally truncated carinate process wdiich is about as high as the lateral diameter of the segment; the second bears a high cari- nate process half as high as the lateral diameter of the segment, of which the crest is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the pinnule; the following segments are similarly, but diminishingly, carinate; Pi is similar; Pa is 5 mm. long with eleven or twelve segments, of wdiich the first is short, the second is nearly as long as broad, the third is about as long as broad, and the distal are twice as long as broad; the pinnule is rather slender and not greatly enlarged, rather strongly prismatic; the distal edges of the third and following segments are slightly produced and finely spinous, with prominent spines at the angles of the prism; the ventral borders of the segments bear very numerous fine spines; the first segment has a strongly rounded carinate process, and the second and third are narrowly though sharply carinate; P2 is similar to Pa; Pft is 4 mm. long with thirteen segments, slightly more slender than Pa; the first segment is short, the second slightly longer, the third about as long as broad; the distal segments are much elongated with a few long spines on the distal edges which are turned outward ; the proximal segments are not cari- nate; the following pinnules are similar, though wTeaker and more slender with slightly longer segments distally which bear a few conspicuous spines on their overlapping distal ends; the distal pinnules are exceed- ingly slender, 7 mm. long with seventeen segments, of which the third and following are greatly elongated; the third bears a narrow carination. Type locality.—" Siboga" Station No. 289. Vol. XXV, pp. 29-38 March 19, 1912 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW SPECIES OF DERMACENTOR AND NOTES ON OTHER NORTH AMERICAN INODIILE. BY F. C. BISHOPP. [Published by permission of the < 'liief of the Bureau of Entomology.l In connection with the work conducted by the Bureau of Entomology in determining the distribution of the Rocky Mountain spotted -fever tick, Dermacentor venustus, a large amount of interesting material has been accumulated. Among the thousands of specimens of ticks sent in by agents of the Bureau and several hundred correspondents throughout the western United States, but two new forms were discovered, one of these a new variety (ntgosus) of Ixodes cookei, has been pre- viously described by the author; the other, a new species of Dermacentor, is described herein. Specimens of an Ixodes, recently described as /. kingi, were also collected. Representa- tives of this form were, however, in the National Museum before the investigation of the spotted-fever tick began. It seems surprising that more undescribed ticks were not found among this large amount of material from a region which has not been carefully worked over especially with reference to its tick fauna. A total of about 1500 lots of ticks were col- lected in 225 localities in the Rocky Mountain and Pacific States. It should be noted, however, that the majority of the specimens were taken on domestic animals. Systematic collect- ing of the wild animals and birds throughout this region would no doubt reveal the presence of many more new forms. It is thought best to publish occasional short articles contain- ing certain systematic and biologic notes such as are here pre- 6— Pnoc. Biol, Soc. Wash., Vol. XXV, 1912. (29) 30 Bishopp — A New Sprcles of Dermacenlor. sented rather than to accumulate this information to be used in connection with results of life history studies. I desire to thank Mr. W. D. Hunter for the interest he has shown in my work, and to gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Mr. J. F. Strauss, to whom I am indebted for the illustra- tions herewith presented. Ixodes diversifossus Neum. Prior to the collection of a number of specimens of Ixodes diversifossus by Mr. Vernon Bailey on September 2, 1909, in the Bitter Root Valley, near Hamilton, Montana, but two females of this species were known. The above mentioned collection contained 7 cT, 16 9 and 2 nymphs, one partially and one fully engorged, taken on a cotton-tail rabbit, Sylvi- lagus nuttalli. None of the females deposited eggs although some lived for a consider- able length of time. One of the more engorged specimens being alive after seven months. The fully engorged nymph molted to a female 3'.t days after the date of collection. The male of this species has not been described heretofore. Male. — Capitulum (Figs. 8, 10, 11): length, 402m (from tip of hypos- tome to tips of postero-lateral angles); basis capituli very dark reddish brown, darkest around edges; greatest width (251m) at base of palpi; postero-lateral angles pronounced, rather acute, slightly incurved so that the width between their centers is about 187m: dorsal edge straight; ven- trally basis capituli with an angular tubercle (not a spine as in the female ) below the base of each palpus ; palpi short and rather broad, 294 to 31(5/". in length ; slightly impressed on dorsal side near inner edge ; hypostome short, stout, with four files of teeth, two teeth at base ventrally very large, basal teeth of lateral files also large ; tip of hypostome slightly lobed at apex; chelicerae large, about 1 72m long; external article with five teeth, basal one very stout. Scutum 1.31 mm. long by .68 mm. wide to 1.39 mm. long by .65 mm. wide, reddish brown; pseudo-scutum darker and slightly raised; capitu- lar emargination not deep, scapular angles short and blunt; cervical grooves short, rather deep, first converging, then diverging posteriorly and ending abruptly opposite space between coxae II and III; scutum punctate, on pseudo-scutum punctures very small and scattered, punctures large and less scattered behind pseudo-scutum in middle. Legs (Figs. 7, 10) fairly long and stout, yellowish brown; all tarsi tapering to tips, tarsi I 351 to 387m in length ; coxae I with a long sharp basal spine, II and III bear a suggestion of basal tubercles, IV with no basal prominence; coxae I with a small apical tubercle, II, III and IV with short, broad apical spines, shortest on IV; long yellowish hairs on all coxae and on legs. Stigmal plates nearly circular, about 151m in diameter; goblets of medium size, about five rows at widest and one row at narrowed point Bishopp — A New Species of Drrmacentor . 31 between macula and marginal cells; macula nearly circular, slightly ele- vated. Body (Fig. 10) elongate-oval, marginal strip yellowish brown, punctate and bearing numerous long pale hairs; venter, pregenital plate nearly rectangular with rather large punctures; median plate fully twice as long as broad, sparsely covered with small punctures and long yellowish hairs; anal plate in form of truncate cone, height but little greater than width of base, sides slightly convex, with a few small punctures; adanal plate longer than width along median plate, which is greater than width along posterior margin, bearing a very few shallow punctures and long hairs; lateral plates sparsely punctate, punctures medad of stigmal plates very large; scattered large punctures between coxae and ventral plates. As the original description of this species by Prof. Neumann and the description by Mr. Banks were based upon but twro females, and these mutilated, a few additional descriptive notes on the female are here presented. The species is easily identified, however, by either of the above mentioned descriptions. Female. — Capitulum (Figs. 9, 12): length from 717 to 731m (from tip on hypostome to a line drawn between tip of postero-lateral angles) ; basis capituli 410 to 438/* wide, smooth dorsally; ventrally, with two stout sharp spines, 04 to 86m in length, curved ventro-posteriorly ; porose areas shallow and quite uniform in shape in all specimens; palpi 507 to 003m in length; hypostome long, moderately stout and fairly acute at apex; two tiles of teeth on basal half, three files apically and four files near tip. Scutum from 1 mm. long by .947 mm. wide to 1.2 mm. long by .938 mm. wide, dark reddish brown in unfed specimens, almost black in some fed individuals ; the punctures are quite similar in all specimens, very small and sometimes almost absent anteriorly, rather large and more numerous toward tip; with long, yellowish, scattered hairs ; lateral cari- nae distinct but rounded, running to margin of scutum at its posterior fourth ; cervical grooves distinct, first converging, then diverging widely and disappearing near lateral carinae behind the middle of the scutum. Legs very dark reddish brown, lighter in unfed specimens; a consider- able number of long pale hairs on legs and coxae; length of tarsi I 500 to •")74m; length of metatarsi I 287 to 330/*. Stigmal plates small (not large as stated by others), from 237 x 172m to 215 x 172m; transversely oval; 74 to 87 goblets, of medium size, to each plate, set close together; four rows of goblets at widest and one row at narrowest point between macula and marginal cells ; macula near the center of plate dorso-ventrally but much nearer the anterior than the posterior side. Body, margin on dorsum more hairy than scutum and lighter colored; a considerable number of long pale hairs on venter. The single unfed female in hand measures 1.74 mm. long (from scapu- lar angles to posterior tip of body) by 1.21 mm. wide. The partially engorged females are elongate and are much darker in color than the unfed one. 32 Bishopp — A New Species of Dermacentor. Material in Bureau of Entomology collection in Washington, I). ('., and at Dallas laboratory under Dallas Ace. No. 683. As Banks has pointed out (Rev. of Ixodoidea, 1908, p. 27 ) Neumann's I. bicornis is very close to this species if not identical with it. The larger scutum of bicornis and the greater length of article II as compared with article III of the palpi, the larger external spine in coxae I, and the three files of teeth on the base of the hypostome (in diversifossus there are two tiles at base, three in middle and four at tip of hypostome) indicate that bicornis may be entitled to varietal rank. The discovery of the male of bicornis would undoubtedly aid materially in determining the proper standing of this species. The dentition of the hypostome of the male of diversifossus is of a type similar to that of I. ricinus. The dentition of the hypostome in both sexes, the great length of tarsi I as compared with metatarsi I, the oval scutum of the female and other points, suggest a relationship to the ricinus group. Ixodes texanus Banks. Until recently but two lots of specimens of this species had been col- lected, other than the type material. One of these lots, as recorded by Nuttall and Warburton, was collected by V. L. Kellogg on gray squirrel, July, 1890, at King's River, Calif. The other is a single well engorged female in Mr. Banks' collection. This specimen was taken on Mustela pennanti at Trout Lake, Wash., March 8, 1901. Nuttall and Warburton also record a collection consisting of a single female taken on Procyon lotor at Mt. Lehman, B. C, by Dr. S. Hadwen during January, 1910. During the past two years, however, the agents of the Bureau of Entomology have collected a considerable amount of material, thus adding much to our knowledge of the distribution, hosts and seasonal occurrence of this species. The collection from which the type material was selected con- sisted of 9 9 , unengorged to one-fourth engorged, and a few larvae, taken on raccoon at Oakville, Texas, November 30, 1908, by Mitchell and Bishopp. In south Texas, Messrs. F. C. Pratt and C. T. Atkinson, dur- ing 1910, made collections of this species as follows : 9 9 on raccoon, Sabinal, February 4; 1 9 on squirrel, Sabinal, April 5; 1 9 on civit cat, Utopia, September 11; -7 9,-4 nymphs, on raccoon, Sabinal, November 12. In the Bitter Loot Valley of Montana near Florence, Messrs. YV. Y. King and C. Birdseye have collected a considerable amount of material. During 1910 the following collections were made in that vicinity: 2 9 on marten {Mustela c. origenes), March 13; 3 9 on weasel (Putorius ari- zonensis), June 10; 2 9, H larvae on pine squirrel (Sciurus h. richard- soni), July 16; 2 9,6 nymphs and some larvae on pine squirrel, July 16; 16 9, 1 nymph, 19 larvae, on pine squirrel, August 16. During 1911 the following collections were made: 3 9 on marten, Lo Lo Hot Springs, Mont., March; 23 9> 13 nymphs on pine squirrel, Florence, Mont., July 26; 3 9> 8 nymphs on pine squirrel, Florence, Mont., August 20. Mr. C. Birdseye obtained 2 females (one-half and one-third Bishopp — A New Species of Dermacentor. 33 engorged) which were collected January 18, 1912, on a marten near Woodman, Mont. Il is worthy of note that no males were taken although <»l females, in all stages of engorgement, were collected. Females were taken upon ho7m. The porose areas are not well defined, being surrounded by the roughened surface of the hasis capituli; the palpi are also roughened dorsally. The stigma! plates are broadly oval, the greatest length at right angles to the axis of the body. They measure about 196 x 152/*. The goblets are rather large, apparently three rows at widest and one row at narrowest point between macula and marginal cells. Among the paratypes the width of the basis capituli ranges from 188 to 517/* and the length of the capitulum from 646 to 717m. In general the paratypes agree closely with the type; some, however, have the shield rugose over nearly the entire surface. The specimens studied show a considerable variation in certain points. The size of individuals even from the same locality varies much. The ticks from the Northwest usually have larger porose areas than are exhib- ited by material from Texas. The porose areas in some of the specimens from Washington and Montana an' not more than one-half as long as broad. All specimen-; show rugosity on the scutum and basis capituli though the extent of roughness varies considerably. The length of the capitulum in the series studied has been found to vary from 459 to 717m and its width from :>.7:; to 541/*. The length of tarsi I varies from 402 to <>3i*t and tarsi IV from :;7:; to 060/*. The stigmal plates range from 222 x 301 to 125 x 143m. Dermacentor hunteri sp. nov. Male (Fig. I). — Length, not including capitulum, 4.42 mm.; width, 2.98 mm. ( apitulum ( Figs. I, .">): length, 875/t (from tip of hypostome to end of posterolateral angles); basis capituli reddish brown with considerable white on dorsal surface; sides ahout parallel; width, 560/*; posterolateral angles long (shorter than in D. orcidentnlis); ventrally, basis capituli is quite narrow and slightly roughened along posterior border; length of palpi (dorsally), 474/*; extreme length of article II (dorsally), 244/*; of article III, 201/*; some white on basal portions of articles II and III, also a few pits and short hairs; article I prominent ventrally; bearing fine bristles along its internal edge, article II has six such bristles and article III one bristle; hypostome very broad at apex, narrowed toward base; three rows of rounded teeth on either side, nine large teeth per row, -mailer teeth toward base where the three rows converge, the teeth grad- ually becoming smaller until they disappear at base; chelicerae rather -mall; length of internal article 130/*, with a small external subterminal 34 Bishopp — A New Species of Dermacentor. tooth, and an internal snl (terminal ridge; dorsal process with two small teeth; external article with a large basal tooth, a smaller tooth toward the apex and apparently two minute apical teeth. Scutum (Fig. 1) dark reddish brown with an extensive white pattern; oval, slightly constricted at eyes; capitular emargination moderately deep; scapular angles narrowly rounded; cervical grooves distinct, but not deep, first converging then diverging posteriorly, not reaching to edge of pseudo-scutum ; marginal groove shallow, marked by a row of large punctures, a very few rather small punctures elsewhere on scutum; festoons prominent; pseudo-scutum outlined with a broad white band, white between cervical grooves, more broken on postero-median part of pseudo-scutum; two submarginal stripes running from pseudo-scutum to third festoon on either side, these are joined to an interrupted marginal band which becomes continuous, though narrow, posteriorly, running around entire posterior margin of festoons; two submedian stripes run backward from pseudo-scutum, these diverge posteriorly and join the, submarginal stripes at the first festoon, they are also connected with the submarginal stripe anteriorly ; two submedian loops of white extend from the point where the submedian stripes begin to diverge to the fifth and seventh festoons; all white markings are interrupted by numerous small red points. Legs (Figs. 1,4) dark reddish brown with much white dorsally, tarsi with but a trace of white; coxae and basal joints of legs with numerous rather short pale hairs; coxae I with internal spur slightly longer than external; coxae II and III with inner posterior angles upturned; apical spines on coxae II, III and IV about equal in length, those on coxae I V slightly more slender than on any of others; trochanter I rather long, much enlarged distally, forming a postero-ventral knob, produced antero- dorsally into a broad sharp spur; trochanter II less enlarged distally, III not noticeably enlarged and IV with a slight flaring internal rim ; femur IV with a long sharp anterior projection at its articulation with the trochanter, also a shorter less sharp posterior prominence; narrowed toward articulation with trochanter, this narrowed portion of femur 141m long, total length 1.088 mm.; femora with five ventral teeth, three of these small, apical one long and sharp; length of tibia 932m, with two rows of ventral teeth, three moderately sharp teeth in anterior row and four less sharp ones in posterior row; metatarsi 775m long, with four rather blunt teeth ventrally, two along the median line near the middle of the segment and two opposite each other at its distal end ; tarsi I V 731m long, tapering to tip, with a subapical ventral spur and a long recurved apical spine; pulvilli elongate oval; total length of pulvilli IV 273m; claws long and slender. Stigmal plates (Fig. 5) oval with a very long narrow postero-dorsal pro- longation; greatest dimension from antero-ventral angle to extreme tip of prolongation 617m; entire plate narrowed toward the prolongation; the chitinized margin is wide, especially along the external lateral angle and near the tip of the prolongation where the margin widens to form a small boss ; goblets rather large, widely separated, covering most of the surface Bishopp — A New Species of Dermacentor. 35 except on t lie prolongation, aboul II per plate; the supporting cells are rather large around each goblet and around the margin of the plate where they form a scalloped border, bending slightly outward opposite each goblet; the supporting colls extend <>nt on the prolongation in a very narrow strip; the sides of this cellular area are nearly parallel; niacnla ovate, broadest anteriorly, about 215/* long; aperture elongate, slightly curved. Body, genital pore situated between coxae II, genital groove moder- ately distinct; aims broadly oval, transverse, about 215 x 187m, soft por- tions of voider transversely striate, with numerous short pale hairs. Female. — Capitulum (Fig. 2)832/* in length; basis capitulidark reddish brown, with considerable white on dorsal surface; 588/t wide; postero- lateral angles moderately long; porose areas broadly elliptical, oblique, rather close together at base; ventrally, basis capitnli is rather long and narrowed at posterior ridge, which is prominent; palpi 488/* in length; article II : >< 1 1 /x in length along internal margin, article III 17'2/j- along internal margin; article I prominent ventrally, bearing four bristles along internal edge, article II with seven such bristles, and article III with three bristles; hypostome broad at tip narrowed proximally, with six rows of teeth ventrally; the three rows of teeth on either side converge toward base and diverge from the median line, the outer row is the longest having about thirteen teeth; internal article of chelicerae 151/* long, slender, with small external subterminal tooth, basal tooth on external article large. Scutum (Fig. L' I 1.71 mm. long, 1.53 mm. wide, widest at eyes which are moderately prominent, margin posteriorly is almost a regular curve, there being no marked constriction behind eyes; capitular emargination rather deep, scapular angles narrow but rounded; cervical grooves rather deep anteriorly, converging, then diverging posteriorly, the divergent portion very shallow, and disappearing one-third of the length of the scutum from its posterior tip; most of surface of scutum covered with white which lias a distinct greenish metallic lustre; red streaks along cervical grooves, on scapular angles and around eyes, white is somewhat broken with red on anterior portion between cervical grooves; rather numerous small red points or minute punctures scattered over entire scutum, a few somewhat larger punctures on scapular angles. I.egs and coxae dark reddish brown, a strip of white along the dorsal sides of legs except on tarsi; scattering pale hairs on coxae and legs; coxae I with long spurs, internal slightly longer than external; coxae II and III with postero-internal angles slightly raised from body; coxae II, III and IV with long, stout apical spines, trochanter I with short but rather sharp subterminal dorsal prolongation; all tarsi tapering at tips. Stigma! plates (Fig. 6) of medium size, greatest dimension 5Cr_X from anterior internal angle to tip of prolongation; broadly oval with a rather long postero-dorsal prolongation extending at about right angles to a line through the macula; plate with a highly chitinized slightly raised border, widest in the external lateral angle where the border widens into a boss 36 Bishopp — A New Species of Dermacentor. near the tip of the prolongation and rather below the general surface of the plate; goblets rather large, 50 per plate, scattered over surface except in the prolongation; supporting cells larger around goblets and around margin of plate where they form a scalloped border, being slightly bulged opposite each marginal goblet; macula oval about 208j* long, aperture elongate. Body dark reddish brown ; marginal groove and festoons prominent; postero-median and accessory grooves distinct, of about equal length, reaching nearly to foveae, a number of short pale hairs ventrally ; genital aperture opposite the space between coxae II and III, genital groove distinct; anus transversely oval, about 230 by 194m. Type Cat. No. 14575, U. S. National Museum. Type host. — Mountain sheep (Oris rnexicanus Merriam). Type locality. — Quartzsite, Arizona. A male and a female described from a lot of 23 males and 12 females taken on a female mountain sheep September 2, 1911, by Mr. George llut-on. The type female after being described was darkened consider- able and the white made less intense by boiling dry during the process of softening it. Paratypes in Bureau of Entomology collection at Washing- ton, D. (.'., and at Dallas, Texas, under Dallas ace. No. 2352. I take pleasure in naming this pretty Dermacentor in honor of my asso- ciate, Mr. W. D. Hunter. Mr. Hutson made a special effort to secure an abundance of material of this species and it is to him that I am indebted for the following records of collections: 3 cT (a dozen or more were collected but not sent in as they were dead), July 8, 1010; 16 d\ I $ (unengorged), August 10, 1010; 5 cT, 2 $ (unengorged to .2\, engorged), August 20, L910; 18 d\ 13 $ 'unengorged to fully engorged), December 1. 1010; 23 c?\ 12 9 (unengorged to v'o engorged), September 2, 1911. Several specimens, mostly males, escaped when the last collection was made. All of these lots were collected on mountain sheep near Quartzsite, Arizona, at an altitude of from 1500 to 2000 feet. All specimens collected agree closely with the types; the males are all of good size and the color markings quite uniform. The number of goblets on the male stigmal plates varies from .">1 to 45 and on the female plates from :'>4 to 50. The species runs to D. venustus in .Air. Banks' table. It appears. to be most closely related to venustus but is easily distinguished from that species by many characters, some of which are the much smaller number of goblets on the stigmal plates; stigmal plates not so broad near their posterior ends and in the male with more narrow and longer prolongations; the scutum in each sex with much fewer large punc- tures, and the white marking are quite different; in the female the scutum is much less constricted behind the eyes; the porose areas are not pointed anteriorly ; postero-lateral angles of basis capituli are longer; the dorsal portion of trochanter I is produced into a moderately sharp angle, not broadly rounded as in venustus. The largest female collected measured 12.9 x 7.5 x 4.2 mm., length Proc. BIOL.SOC. Wash., Vol. XXV, 1912 Plate I. Explanation of Platk ri. — Fig. 1. dorsum of male; Fig. 2, scutum nnd papitulum of female; Fig. 3, capitulum of male ; Fig. 1, venter of male ; Fig. 5, stigma! plateofmale; Fig. C, stigmal plate of female. s diver sifos8us. — Fig. 7. fore leg of male; Fig. x. capitulum 01' male, dorsal; Fig. 9, capitulum hi female, dor.sal ; Fig. 10, venter of male ; Fig. 11, capitulum of male, ventral; Fig. 12, capitu- lum of female, ventral. Drawn by J. F. Strauss. (Original. j Bishopp — A New Species of Dermacentor. 37 including palpi in normal position. A female engorged to repletion on a giunea pig measured LI. 2 x 6.3 x 4.0 mm., length including palpi. The larvae and nymphs drop from the host for molting. Notes on the life history of the species and descriptions of the immature stages will he published later. Amblyomma maculatum Koch. In examining a number of collections of immature specimens of ticks, several lots of Amblyomma maculatum were found. Previously these had been confused with Aponomma inornata Banks, but they are quite easily distinguished in the nymphal stage, from that species, by two prominent spines on the ventral side of the basis capituli. These spines point hack- ward and are located near the posterior margin of the basis capituli behind the base of the palpi. The palpi are longer and more slender than in Aponomma inornata, article II being much narrowed basally and article I not hearing the internal prolongation found in that species. The lateral angles on the dorsal side of the basis capituli are sharp while in inornata they are rounded. [n the material examined the following lots were found: 1 nymph on meadowlark {Sturnella magna), December 1(1, 190S; 1 nymph on one, 2 on another and :! on still another meadowlark, January 5, 1909; 5 nymphs on meadowlark, January 26, 1909; 1 nymph on meadowlark, January 27, 1909; 2 nymphs on red-winged blackbird ( Agetaius phoeniceus ), January 28, 1000; 1 nymph on Brewer's blackbird (Euphagus cyanua'phahis), January 0, 1909; 1 nymph on jack rabbit (Lepus californicus mcrriami ), March 2s, 1909. All of these collections were made by Mr. J. D. Mitchell near Victoria, Texas, except the lot on jack rabbit which was collected in Refugio Co., Texas. Five other lots of nymphs of this species were collected by Mr. Mitchell. Some specimens in each of these lots were bred to adults as well as a careful determination being made of the nymphs. The records on these collections are as follows: 9 nymphs on meadowlark, February 20, 1000; li nymphs on meadowlark, March 23, 1910; ] nymph on quail, March 24, 1010; 4 nymphs on meadowlark, March 2.1, [910. The last lot was collected in Calhoun Co., Texas, all of the others were taken in Victoria Co., Texas. The specimens obtained were in all states of engorgement. The fact that all of the collections were made during the winter and early spring docs not preclude the likelihood of the occurrence of the immature stages on hosts during the summer months as well, as few hosts were examined in other than the winter season in the region where this species is common. Vol. XXV, pp. 39-50 March 19, 1912 PROCEEDINGS OF THF. BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON PROFESSOR ROBERT COLLETT ON PTERYCOMBUS BR AM A FRIES. BY R. W. SHUFELDT. Nearly twenty-five years ago the present writer published in the Journal of Morphology a paper entitled ' ' Further Studies of Grammicolepis brachiuseulus Poey' (Vol. II, No. 2, Nov., 1888, pp. 271-206, figs. 1-14). This paper consisted in a translation and republication of Professor Poey's description of that very remarkable, and, so far as known at this writing, unique form of fish.* My contribution considerably augmented the valuable paper just cited, especially in the matter of osteo- logical comparisons made with the skulls and parts of the vertebral columns of other species of fishes. These were recommended by Doctor Theodore Gill, who kindly furnished me from his own collection material for the purpose. The Smithsonian Institution also loaned Dr. Gill additional speci- mens for the purpose, which were forwarded to me at Fort Wingate, New Mexico, where I was serving as Post Surgeon at the time, and where I studied and wrote out my account of Grammicolepis. As Professor Poey believed that the species was more nearly related to the Carangidas than any other family of fishes known to him, most of my material for comparison belonged to that group, as, for example, skulls and other bones of Curanx hippos, Tenthis cceruleus, Pomacanthus paru, and a few others. The skulls of some of these I figured and published in my article, particularly the three species just given. There was one fish, however, that I especially desired to compare with Grammi- * Anal, de la Soc. Esp. clc Hist. Nat.. Fom. 11, 1873, by Felipe Poey. 7— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XXV, 1912. (39) 40 Shufeldt — Robert Collett on Pterycombus brama Fries. colepis and that was the common " Pomfret " from the coast of South America and elsewhere. This fish belongs to the family Bramidx and is known to science as Brama rail, and I regret to say that up to the present writing no example of it has ever been in my possession for anatomical or other examination. Poey had already pointed out the presence of the long vertical linear scales in Grammicolepis ; these also occur in Brama, though they are much shorter and principally evident in the mid-lateral area. However, apart from the decidedly forked tail and small eye of Brama, there are at least some points in the external appearance of the latter to remind us of Grammi- colepis.* In going over my collection of author's ichthyological reprints lately, I met with a copy of Professor Robert Collett's valuable contribution on Pterycombus brama, which was published in the Norwegian language some twelve years ago.t This paper with its two plates throws not a little light on the morphology of both Grammicolepis and Brama, and upon this account, if no other, it is quite worthy of a translation into English. Dr. Collett writes me that it has never been so rendered, as far as he is aware. By the aid of my camera I have copied, and herewith reproduce, the two plates illustrating it. My translation of the original contribution is as follows: Through the courtesy of curator Sturm, of the Museum in Trondhjem, I had the opportunity in the summer of 1895 to examine a recently cap- tured, and very well preserved, specimen of Pterycombus brama, taken upon the coast of Nordland during the spring of the same year. As the Museum of the University of Christiania had already in its collection three examples of the same species,; and as I at the same time, through * This may bo appreciated by comparing my figure of Grammicolepis and the one of " Brama rait," plate 112 of Goode's The Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the Unit' far as lie is aware. J One in alcohol, one dried, and one skeleton. Shufeldt — Robert Collett on Pterycombvs brama Fries. H the courtesy of Dr. Brunchorst, have received for examination the two specimens at present contained in the Bergen Museum, I will here offer a tew remarks on this remarkable species. Several descriptions of Pterycombus brama have appeared and conse- quently the external appearance of this form, in so far as its principal characters are concerned, is known, notwithstanding the fact that none of the descriptions has been made from either fresh or uninjured speci- mens. Originally the species was described by Professor B. Fries in 1837, from a dried specimen obtained by the State Museum in Stockholm, and the general characters in this description, given by that excellent ichthy- ologist, accompanied as it is by a photograph of the dried specimen, are quite fully presented ( 1 ). Professor Fries placed this new form in the family Scombridae, and considered it as being most nearly related to Pteroclis Gronov., a genus which later on, and for hetter reasons, has been relegated to the family Coryphaenidas. In 1855, Professor Nilsson, in his Scandinavian Fauna, gave a new description of the same specimen, which he bad examined during the previous year in the State Museum (2). Nilsson here, for the first time, pointed out its close relationship to Brama Schneider, and be referred both to the Squarnipinnes, a group represented by species having a num- ber of external characters in common with them, including the partly scale-covered fins. The next author treating of this genus is Professor Lilljeborg, who, in 1865, in his letter of invitation to the Upsala Re-union on November 4, 1864 (published simultaneously in the Year Book of the Upsala Univer- sity for 1865), made some observations based upon six other specimens obtained in Norway during recent years, which the author had the opportunity of examining in 18(51 in the Museums of Bergen and Christi- ania (3). A supplemental description is given of one of the specimens in the collection of the Bergen Museum (taken near Bergen); Lilljeborg here correctly points out that the relationship of Ptert/combus (and Brama) to the Squarnipinnes is only an apparent and not a real one. He is inclined, to consider that these species more likely constitute an aberrant group falling within the family Scombridae, with only certain affinities with the Squarnipinnes. [n a paper read at the Congress of Naturalists in Christiania in 1868, on the Fishes of Finmarken, Professor Fsmark was the next one to announce the discovery of another specimen, which had been sent to the Museum of the University from the fjord of Yaranger in L866 (4). When I published my Fishes <>f Norway in 1874, ten specimens were recorded of this species as having been taken on the coasts of Norway (5). Later on, or in 1879, in the first supplement to this work Hi), the added information was given of an eleventh specimen, it having been taken at Hammerfest in 1.S77, and in 1884, in the second supplement (8), reported the taking of the twelfth specimen which was obtained at Egersund in L880. However, asoneof the earliest accounts has proved to lie unreliable, it is safe to say that only eleven specimens is the correct number known. A very interesting observation was made in 1880 in regard to this 42 Shufeldt — Robert Collett on Pterycombus brama Fries. remarkable form by Professor Lutken. It occurs in that volume of " Spolia Atlantica" in which he describes the various stages of develop- ment in the young of the pelagic Acanthopterygians (and of Scombresox), and he there presents (7) illustrations and descriptions of a very young fish taken from the intestine of an "Albacore" (Thunnus alalonga) in Lat. 8° N. Long. 24° W., that is to say, a little to the southward of the Cape Verde Islands. The length of this specimen was twenty-two milli- meters. This young fish, although found in the tropical zone of the Atlantic Ocean, is nevertheless considered by this author as belonging to Ptery- combus, and possibly a specimen of Pterycombus brama, a species hitherto considered as occurring only in the subarctic seas. Should this conjecture be confirmed through the discovery later of adult specimens, it would go to prove that the species is not confined to the seas of the North, but is rather to be considered as having a wider range, extending even to the deep seas of the middle and north Atlantic; and that occasionally it may have been carried out of its habitat through the agency of the warmer ocean currents, and thus have strayed to the northern coasts. In the paper just cited, Professor Lutken places Pterycombus in the family Bramidse. Gill, in 1872, in his "Arrangement of the Families of Fishes" (Smiths. Miscell. Collect. No. 247, Washington, Nov., 1872) had already divided the Coryphsenidernes into several families of which the Bramidse and the Pteraclididse, which contain respectively Brama and Pteraclis, were two; in 1892, Jordan and Gilbert, in their " Synopsis of the Fishes of North America" (Bull. U. S. Nat. Mas., No. 16, Wash- ington, May, 1882) places both of these genera in the family Bramidse, and which, according to Professor Lutken, includes the genus Ptery- combus. In his " Scandinavian Fauna: Fishes" (9), Professor Lilljeborg in 1891 next gives us a new and revised description of this form, in which its specific characters are most clearly determined. Here the species is still retained in the family Coryphsenidse. In 1892 Professor Smitt, in the revised edition of Wright, Ekstrom and SundevalPs "Scandinavian Fishes" (10) invites attention to the close similarity in the matter of the Morphology of the scales in Pterycombus (and Brama) as compared with the Pycnodonts from the Liassic,* the latter being a group distinguished by its peculiar pleurolepine scales arranged in rib-like rows, the nature and structure of which has not, as yet, been fully determined. In his account of this species, Smitt, who at the time had before him only two dried and imperfect specimens, gives us an exhaustive descrip- tion of the scales and the fins.f In addition to the illustration showing * Woodward, Cat. Foss. Fishes, Brit. Mus. Pt. Ill, p. 189, Lond., 1895. tin his differential diagnosis of the two genera Pterycombus and Brama, he men- tions (as did Lilljeborg in his above cited paper of 1891) the fact, and refers to it as an important character, that the skin on the unpaired fins is scaleless in Pterycombus, but is scaled in Brama. This is not invariably the case in well-preserved specimens of Pterycombus where we meet with a row of minute scales on the skin between the spines of the anterior portion of the fins, and in the case of the caudal fin, along the upper and lower rays. Shufeldt — Robert Collett on Pterycombus brama Fries. 43 the scales on the body, Fries's original figure of the dried Type-specimen is here reproduced. Finally, this genus is dealt with by Struxberg in his recently published ■Fish Fauna" (11), and his description is accompanied by a reduced reproduction of Fries's figure already referred to above. Since 1834, then, when the first specimen of this genus was secured by the Government Museum in Stockholm from Finmarken, and was there described by Fries in 1837, 13 specimens at least have been taken on the coasts of Norway and have been preserved.* Of these one specimen, according to the account given by Professor Loven, has already been sent to France ;t together with the type-specimen, one has been sent to the Museum at Stuttgart; the remaining specimens are all preserved (with the exception of one which has been lost trace of) in the various Museums of Norway, in Stockholm and in Upsala. With the exception of three, all of these 13 specimens were taken in the arctic seas, or along a stretch of coast-line extending from Tromso and Altenfjord up to Varangerfjord. Of the remaining ones, one came from Nordland, one from the reefs off Bergen, and one from Egersund. These widely separated points of capture, extending from the southern- most point of Norway to the Russian boundary, would appear to confirm the above made suggestion, that Pterycombus brama is a pelagic rather than a true arctic species. $ Finmarken. Hammerf est (prior to 1834) (dried) . Government Museum Stockholm. Altenfjord (prior to 1837) One to France. Finmarken (prior to 1801) Bergen Museum Finmarken (prior to 1861) . . sent to Bergen Museum. (Skeleton) Univer. of Christiania. Finmarken (prior to 1861) . . . sent to Bergen Museum. (Dried) Upsala Museum. Finmarken (prior to 1861) . . . . sent to Bergen Museum. (Dried) ? Varangerfjord (prior to 18(51) (Dried) . . . Univ. Museum Christiania. Varangerfjord, October 29, 1866 Univ. Museum Christiania. Hammerfest, November 28, 1877 Tromso Museum. *It is evident that this fish has been found much oftener and not preserved. Fre- Quently specimens have come into the hands of fishermen, who wen' unfamiliar with it. but whose descriptions point to the fact of there having been examples of either I'll rycombv-8 or else Brama, and these specimens have been thrown away by their cap- tors as valueless. As an example of this, we know of such a specimen having been taken at Andenses in Vesteraalen in 1876, and still another at Alstens in Helgeland (Nordland) in December, 1877. t Fries, Kgl. Vet. Acad. Handl., 1837, p. lo. tin 1868 Professor Esmark (Forh. Skand. Naturf. Mode i Chra. 1868) (Proc. of tli,. <'oiitf. of Scandinavian Naturalists at Christiania. 1868, p. 522) states that: "to my knowledge, seven specimens in all have been received by the University." What he probably in. 'ant to convey here is— instead of the University— all the Museums of the country, for I meet with no proof that the collection of the University ever contained more than the three specimens named above. 44 Shufeldt — Robert Collett on Pterycombvs brama Fries. Coast of Tromso. Nord-Reisen, October, 1895 Mus. Stuttgart. Coast of Nordi.and. Alderen, April, 1895 Trondhjem Museum. ( oast of Bergen. Bergen (prior to 1861) Bergen Museum. Southern Coast of Norway. Egersund, 1880 Stavanger Museum. The eight (nine?) specimens which are now contained in the various museums of Norway measure as follows: ( Measurements in millimeters. ) J3 - a o5 u o 3 sd ~ — M "3 o ^5 0) * i»=G •c-d 2 c engt last vert •"OS '-- c gg H • hJ *M H^ Varangerfjord 1866. 370 205 121 75 Univ. Mus. Chris, a. Varangerfjord L861. 370 21 IS 120 75 < < a a Nordland 1895. 375 2! Ill 143 83 Trondhjem Museum. Hammerfest 1S77. 380 293 117 77 Tromso Museum. Finmarken 1861. " 395 320 130 80 Bergen Museum. Egersund 1880. 410 315 150 88 Stavanger Museum. Bergen 1861. 411 318 137 85 Bergen Museum. Xonl-Reisen IS'.).".. 455 349 175 90 Museum at Stuttgart. Finmarken 1801. 465 339 160 100 Univ. Mus. Chris, a. It will be observed that the total length of the specimens varies from 370 millimeters to 465 millimeters,* and all of the specimens were appar- ently adult. The two specimens in the Swedish Museums are of the same size as those just given. The majority of the specimens of which we have any data were found floating on the surface of the water, and either dead or in a dying condi- tion; others are beach specimens, having drifted ashore. One example, it is said, was taken by hook and line at a depth of a couple of hundred fathoms, some three miles west of Bergen, and still another (Varanger- fjord L866) was captured in a salmon net, set in rather shallow water, and only a few feet below the surface. This specimen was probably about to drift ashore. This last-named example was a male with enormous testes; the intestine contained, besides slime, a number of hard and transparent spiculse of unknown composition, as well as numerous small ScolicesA * In the " Fishes of Norway," 1874, the total length of the specimen taken in Veran- gerfjord in 1S66, is, through a typographical error, given as 350 instead of 370 mm. + Dr. Einar Lonnberg has been kind enough to examine these last. He is of the opinion that they are specimens of " Scolex polymurplius " under which name he as- sumes that the larvse of the genera of Acanthobothrium are included. Shufeldt — Robert Collett on PterycombuH brama Fries. 45 since 1880 but two specimens of this species have been found on the coasts of Norway, both in 1895. One of these was found floating on the surface of the water about the middle of April, 1895, at Alderen (coast of Helgeland, Nordland), and was sent to the museum in Trondhjem. The other was found in Nord- Reisen in October, 1895, and was sent to the Tromso Museum, which in turn donated it to the Royal Natural History Collection in Stuttgart, where it is now to be found. The first-named of these specimens I had an opportunity to examine in the Trondhjem Museum in July of the same year, was in excellent condi- tion, and so well preserved that the natural colors still persisted nearly throughout. It was apparently adult, and of an average size. Its measure- ments were as follows : Total length, 375 mm. Length to the tip of the mid- dle caudal ray. 323 mm.; to the distal end of the spinal column, 290 mm. Height of the body (to the terminal line of the scales), 158 mm. ; to the base of the rays, 143 mm. Length of head, 83 mm. Diameter of an orbit, 32 mm. Diameter of postorbital depth of head, 35 mm. Length of premaxilla, 42 mm. ; mandible, 29 mm. Longest of the dorsal rays ( the 21st), 135 mm. ; longest of the anal rays (the 6th), 130 mm. Length <>f the pectoral fin, SO mm. ; the ventral, 24 mm. Color: Portion above the lateral line is a brilliant steel-blue, showing in iridescence green and purple tints; below the lateral line the body is of a silver color. The rays of the dorsal and anal fins are whitish until they approach the apices; the entire membrane is black. The pectorals are uniformly yellowish white, semi-transparent, while the superior margin of this fin is black (the 2d ray). At the base of the (in next to the body the pectoral is of a blue-black. The ventral fins are entirely black with the mesial apex whitish and transparent. Sclerotic above, bluish black. Iris light (whitish yellow?). The number of the rays was as follows: Dorsal, 9 | 44; Anal, 3 | 39; Ventral, 1 | 5 ; Pectoral, 2 \ 18. The lateral line possesses 48 scales (of these 21 to the apex of the pec- toral ) ; of the spiny-pointed scales there were found on this specimen only 1 1 rows ; the 5-6 rows nearest the ventral line, and 3-4 nearest the dorsal line being almost smooth. Of the second specimen (the one from Xord-Reisen above Tromso) which was sent to the Stuttgart Museum, I have, through the courtesy of Professor Lampert, obtained some measurements of, which are given in the table above. As stated above, the Museum of the University of Christiania possesses a skeleton prepared from a specimen received from Finmarken (in the 5l I's). The total length of this skeleton is 445 mm. (The specimen when fresh measured 465 nun. ) In its skeletal characters Pterycombus comes nearest Brama, but it de- parts from that species in a number of osteological details or characters, especially in the morpholgy of the spinal column. The massive develop- ment of the ribs is particularly striking, the neural spines and the dorsal 46 Shufeldt — Robert Collett on Pterycombus brama Fries. interspinals form together an almost solid perpendicular wall of bone, which is entirely different from anything known as pertaining to the other genera of the Scombroids. In this respect it so far departs from what we find in its apparently nearest relative Brama, that it should probably be placed in a family by itself. The cranium departs but slightly from what wre find in Brama * is pro- portionately higher and shorter than in Brama, the height here being greater than the length. The lofty fronto-occipital crest so characteristic of Brama, Lampris, Coryphzcna and the majority of the Scombroidea, and which in the first-named attains a height which about equals the diameter of the orbit, is in Pterycombus low and short. It arises here I >i interior to the anterior margin of the orbit in the frontal region (conse- quently completely posterior to the ethmoid) about midway between the first interspinal and the premaxilla. The greatest height of the crest, which is about opposite the middle of the orbit, is only one-fourth the diameter of the latter. This crest is formed almost entirely by the frontals, the supraoeeipital making up but a very small portion of it; that part between the first interspinal and the posterior margin of the supraoeeipital is triangular in outline, membraneous in structure and is found above the occipital bone. The level area, which is seen on the superior aspect of the cranium, which the supraoeeipital and frontals together form, and from which the crest arises, is in Pterycombus relatively short, its entire length being about equal to the orbital diameter. It exhibits but a few rugose lines which radiate from a point directly beneath the center of the supraoeeipital crest, or the frontal crest, and pass directly outward to the margins. In Brama this surface is considerably longer, almost twice as long as the orbital diameter, and exhibits a couple of raised longitudi- nal lines which pass in an anterior direction.! Post-temporal, Parker, ( Supra-Scapula, Owen), is bifurcated as in Brama; either fork is broad and fiat, without any elevations or lateral processes at the base of the superior limb. *In the specimen of Pterycombus before me, the entire hyoidean apparatus is missing'. tThe more I study Professor Collett's skull of Pterycombus (herewith reproduced) and his description of that part of the skeleton in Brama, and compare both with my figures and descriptions of the corresponding structure] in Grammicolepis, the more I am inclined to believe that Pterycombus and Grammicolepis are related genera, witli Brama not very far removed. Further, there seems ground to believe, that in the case of all three of these genera of fishes, each is a representative of a separate family. Two of them have already been established, as the Bramidx and the Grammicolepidx (Poey), and, unless some other naturalist has already done so, it would seem that Pterycombus brama represents a group having similar rank, — that is, the family Pterycombidx. Pro- fessor Poey was of the opinion that the Grammicolepidx came nearer to the Carangidx than any other family known to him at the time he established the former, and I was disposed to concur in his opinion ; but since reading Collett's paper, I am inclined to think otherwise, and adopt what would appear to be a most natural arrangement, or the one above suggested. All three would appear to be related by a variety of charac- ters more or less closely with the Berycidoz; the Balistidx; Acanthuridx, and the Scom- bridx, especially the last-named. The skeletal and other characters given above by Professor Collett found in Ptery- combus brama are ample, in my opinion, to justify the establishment of the family Pterycombidx. R. W. S. Shufeldt — Uobert Collett on Pteri/cnmhns hrumu Fries. I, Supraclavici-b, Parker, (Scapula, Owen), is rather long and narrow ; the width (9 inni. ) being equal to one-fourth the length (36 mm. ). Postclavici.e, Parker, (Epicoracoid, Owen), is normal, with long sty] i- form process. Cokacoid, Parker, (Radius, Owen), which in lirama is large and of broad oval outline, suggesting the immense coracoid in Lampris, is here in Pterycombus much narrower and directed more anteriorly. Its length in the specimen now being examined is 53 mm., the greatest width 20 mm. Along its mesial margin it is formed partly in membrane, and exhibits a little below its center an oval notch, which is quite circular in lira inn. Just within its outer margin two elevated longitudinal rays radiate from the actinosts; the superior one, which is the smaller, is quite short, while the lower one, which passes somewhat internal to the margin of the hone, is continued almost to its anterior end. The pelvic gikdle is small, slender hut otherwise normal. Ribs. These number 23, of which twenty of the posterior pairs exhibit an unusual development. They are broad, hollow, and together form a bony wall without interstices, as each rib is so broad that its posterior margin overlaps the edge of the rib next behind it. They are relatively short, being attached to the downwardly produced apophyses in such a manner that their truncated superior parts reach to the center of the vertebra'. First rib is articulated with the third vertebra, and is short, being only slightly broader at its head than it is at its free extremity (therefore about normal ). Second and third ribs are somewhat broader at their articular ends, but are rapidly reduced in size as the free ends are approached. finally terminating in an elongated delicate ventral extremity. The fourth to the twenty-third ribs are very characteristic. Atypical one. the eighteenth, is here shown in the cut, and may he described as follows: The vertebral extremity, which is intimately articulated at the external aspect of the parapophysis, is almost square or cubical in form, and is hollowed out up as far as its head. This excavation is continued as a groove for a little distance down along the internal border of the rib, and thereafter termi- nates in a long, extremely attenuated free ending. At its broadest part the superior excavation is nine millimeters broad, measured in the antero-posterior direc- tion, while its thickness internally is rather less than 5 mm.; its height (13) somewhat exceeds its width, and consti- tutes not quite one-third of the entire length of the rib (44 nun. ). In thefive posterior pairs of ribs the postero-superior angle of the exca- vation is produced as an apophysis, flexed caudalwards, and which is, particularly on the ultimate rib, long and slender, projecting outward Fig. 1. Ribs of Pterycombus brama. (Nat. size.) 48 Shufeldt — Robert Collett on Pteri/combns brama Fries. over the 25th vertebra. The last two pairs of ribs articulate with the parapophyses of the 24th vertebra. There are fifty vertebrse in the spinal column, of which 24 are thoracic and 26 caudal. The body of the first vertebra is rudimentary, while its neural spine is well developed. The ribs articulate with the third to the twenty-fourth vertebra* inclusive. The neurapophyses (neural spines) are remarkably robust and broad, especially in the thoracic region, where at their bases they have a longi- tudinal diameter almost equal to the length of the body of the vertebra to which any particular spine is attached. (See Plates.) For this reason, these neurapophyses almost come in contact with each other, anteriorly and posteriorly, at their bases. As we pass backward, these neural spines of the thoracic vertebra? become more slender, although in this part of the spinal column the distance between them, at their bases, is less than their own longitudinal diameter, in the case of any two contiguous spines. In the caudal region they become more and more slender as we approach the tail, though still stouter than we find them in Brama. The first and second neural spines are vertical, or inclined slightly for- ward, the remaining ones are as we usually find them. The most lofty ones are met with on the ultimate thoracic vertebrse (37 mm. ). The parapophyses of all the rib-bearing vertebra? are directed down- ward, and each lias a length somewhat exceeding the depth of the body of the vertebra to which any particular one belongs. The parial para- pophyses of any vertebra in the abdominal region fail to come in contact mesially, and therefore do not form true hsemal arches. On the caudal vertebne the haemal spines are at once greatly produced ; the one on the leading caudal vertebra possessing a length of 45 mm. Their antero-posterior diameters at their bases equal those of the corre- sponding neural spines in any particular vertebra, and as we proceed backward the amount of reduction in point of size is also nearly propor- tionately coequal. Secondary rHbs ("Scleral-Spina?" : supplemental or auxiliary ribs) are to be found on all the anterior vertebne of the spinal column until we reach the. second or third ultimate abdominal ones, where there is not the slightest trace of them in the specimen at hand. On the first and second vertebra? they are attached to the hsemal arch; on the third to the seventh they articulate with the centrum of the vertebra ( " Corpus: " " Epicentralia") ; on the remaining vertebra? with the anterior surface of the superior border of the rib ( " Epipleuralia "). These auxiliary ribs attain their greatest length (20 nun.) in the mid- series of the thoracic region, where they about equal the length of four of the centra of the vertebra?. The interneural spines (the dorsal interspinal bones), are immense, very broad, and so close together that they are in contact with each other along their entire lengths, thus forming an almost continuous plate of bone in the anterior region of the spinal column. shut') hit — Robert Colleti on Pterycombus Inn ma Fries. 40 The eighl leading ones which supporl rudimentary rays are all anterior to the first neural -pine, and are in immediate contact with the supra- occipital hone, forming with it, superiorly, a solid crest, the base-line of which (23 mm.) is one-third less than the height. Those next succeeding possess the same breadth and length as the lead- ing ones, and are quite as close together; but as we proceed backward, the distance between them becomes slightly increased, and it is only after we arrive at the posterior abdominal ones that they become decidedly narrower and of a size less than the distance between any two of them. In the caudal region they become progressively and rapidly reduced in both the matter of length and size, until we reach the tenth and twelfth caudals, where they are almost rudimentary in character. They exhibit their greatest length (43 mm. ) over the anterior thoracic vertebrae, where they are almost twice as long as the neural spines opposite them, with the apices of which they come in contact. Interhsemal spines ("the ventral interspinal bones") are all slender and rather short; they possess their greatest length beneath the anterior caudal vertebra', but even here they are, for the series, shorter than the corresponding haemal spines. The dorsal rays, 53 in number, in the specimen before me, start at onceover the leading interspinals; the first eight, whose corresponding interspinals surmount the superior aspect of the skull and precede the first neural spine, are short. There are 41 anal rays. The Pseudobranchise, with a length of Hi mm. are well developed. The (Jills: The leading arch is supplied with a mesial row of "teeth," eight in number, and about 6 mm. in length; they extend from a point almost directly beneath the orbits, and are continued forward as mere tubercles to the apex of the arch. The lower or inferior pharangeals likewise support (5) minute tuber- cles. Upon the remaining branchial arches we find no true "teeth," but only rudimentary tubercles in place of them. Tin: Literature of Pterycombus Bra ma. (Translated.) 1. Fries, B. Fr. Pterycombus brama, a new species of fish from the Arctic Ocean. (Kgl. Vet. Akad. llandl. 1837, pp. 14-22, PI. II. Stockholm, 1838.) 2. Nilsson, 8. Pterycombvs brama, Fries. Scandinavian Fauna, Part IV. Fishes, pp. 124-128, Lund, 1855. :'.. Liixjeborg, Wilhelm. Contribution to the knowledge of Pterycom- bus brama B. Fries, a species of the Mackrel family. (Invitation to the Upsala University Reunion, Nov. 4th, 1868, p. 0. Upsala, L864.) 4. Esmark, L. Contribution to the Fish Fauna of Finmarken. (Pro- ceedings: Tenth Convention of Scandinavian Naturalists, Christi- ania. lscs, p. 522. ) Christiania, 1869. 50 Shufeldt — Robert Collett on Pterycombus bravia Fries. 5. Collett, R. The Fishes of Norway, with remarks upon their distri- bution. (Supplement to the Proceedings @f the Scientific Society of 1S74, No. 35, pp. 47-48.) Christiania, 1875. tl. Collett, R. Observations on the Fishes of Norway during the years 1874-1875. (Proceedings of Scientific Society of Christiania, 1879, No. 1, pp. 30, 31. Read at the Meeting on February 21, 1879.) Christiania, 1880. 7. Lutkex, Dr. Cur. Spolia Atlantica, Contribution to the Study of development in Fishes, etc. (Publications of the Scientific Society, Pt. 5. Natural Science and Mathematics. Part P>. XII. p. 501, 502. ) Copenhagen, 1880. 8. Collett, R. Observations on the Fishes of Norway during the years 1870-1883. 2nd principal supplement to " The Fishes of Norway." ( Xew Magazine of Natural Science, 29 B. p. 59. June, 1884. ) Christiania, 1885. 9. Lilljeborg, W. The Fauna of Sweden and Norway. Fishes. Part I. (pp. 290-298). Upsala, 1891. in. Smitt, F. A. Scandinavian Fishes painted by Von Wright, de- scribed by Fries, Ekstro.m, and Sundevall. 2nd Edition, First Part, pp. 71-75. Stockholm, 1892. 11. Stkixbekg, Anton. Fishes of Sweden and Norway, p. 90. pp. 198- 200. Gottenborg, 1895. Explanation op Plates. Plate I. Right lateral view of PUrycombus brama, Fries. Plate II. Left lateral view of the articulated skeleton of Pterycombus brama Fries. Both plates by Shufeldt after Collett. Phoc. Biol. Soc. Wash.. Vol. XXV, 1012. I'l ATI. IT. \ \ *te Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XXV, 1912. Plate III. Vol. XXV, pp. 51-52 March 19, 1912 PROCEEDINGS OF I'll i: BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW CAREX FROM ALBERTA. BY KENNETH K. MACKENZIE. [During the summer of 1911 Mr. X. Hollister and Mr. J. H. Riley, while engaged in field work in western Alberta and eastern British Columbia, gathered, in addition to their collec- tions of animals, a series of about two hundred characteristic examples of the plant life of the region. Three of the higher plants represented undescribed species, and diagnoses of them have recently been published.* The representatives of the difficult genus Carex were forwarded to Mr. Kenneth K. Mac- kenzie of New York City, who has been engaged in the prepara- tion of a monograph of the North American species. While only three species are represented in the collection they are of unusual interest, since one appears to be undescribed and another has rarely been collected. A diagnosis of the new species, prepared by Mr. Mackenzie, is published here at his suggestion. — Paid C. Standley.^\ Carex atrosquama Mackenzie, sp. nov. Culms in dense clumps, .'50 to 45 cm. high, phyllopodic, slender, erect or the apex nodding at maturity, sharply triangular, slightly roughened toward the apex, much exceeding the leaves, purplish-brown tinged and slightly fibrillose at base; leaves with well-developed blades seven to ten t<> a fertile culm, inserted on the lower fourth, mostly clustered near the hase, tin' Mades deep green, fiat with slightly revolute margins, 2.5 to 3.5 mm. wide, 10 to 20 cm. long, roughened toward the apex; opaque part of sheaths whitish or yellowish -white ; spikes three or four, approxi- mate or the lower slightly separated, the lower one or two on erect peduncles half to twice their length, the others sessile or nearly so, oblong, 6 to L2 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, densely 15 to 30-flowered, the appressed perigynia in several ranks, the lateral spikes pistillate, the terminal •Smith-. Mix-. Coll. 56 : No. :::). 8— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XXV, 1912. (51) 52 Mackenzie — A New Carex from Alberta. gynaecandrous and clavate at base; lowest bract leaflet-like, slightly sheathing, not purplish tinged, shorter than or exceeding the inflores- cence, the others much reduced ; scales broadly ovate, obtuse or slightly acute, black, the niidvein obsolete, the upper margins not at all or but very slightly hyaline, about the width of but markedly shorter than the perigynia; perigynia olive-green, slightly purplish-spotted, membrana- ceous, slightly inflated and subtriangular, nerveless, puncticulate, nar- rowly obovoid, 3.25 mm. long, 1.75 mm. wide, glabrous, round-tapering at base, minutely roughened on margins above, abruptly contracted into a minute, shallowly bidentate, purplish-black beak, scarcely 0.5 mm. long; achenes triangular, obovoid, 1.5 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide, scarcely stipitate, half the length of the perigynia; style little exserted, its base slender; stigmas three, very short. The type, collected at the head of Smoky River, Alberta, August 5, 1911, by X. Hollister (No. 14), is in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. (522, 051. J. H. Riley's No. 61, from South Fork of Moose River, British Columbia, July, 1911, is also to be referred here ( U. S. National Herba- rium, No. 622,594 ). Carer atrata L. and several of its close allies, to which the present species is related, are all distinguished by the strongly compressed perigynia, and in all of them the achene is much narrower than the perigynium, the empty part of the latter appearing almost wing-like. The slightly inflated subtriangular perigynium of the present species, which is but little wider than the achene, is in strong contrast to the perigynium of any of these species. Vol. XXV, pp. 53-56 April 13, 1912 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON THE STATUS OF BUTORIDES BRUNESCENS (LEMBEYE). BY HARRY C. OBERHOLSER. A recent investigation into the races of Butorides virescens, undertaken for the Biological Survey of the United States Department of Agriculture, involved an examination of the peculiar Butorides brunescens of Cuba. This was necessary in order to determine the proper name for the form of Butorides virescens inhabiting the island of Cuba, since, if Butorides brunescens should prove to be merely a color phase of Butorides virescens in Cuba, the subspecific name of that form would, of course, become brunescens. Although the number of specimens examined is small, for Butorides brunescens is a rare bird in collections, the conclusions reached seem worthy of permanent record. To the authorities of the United States National Museum acknowledgments are due for the use of the speci- mens which form the basis of these notes. Described from an unknown locality in Cuba, by Lembeye, in 1850,* Butorides brunescens has often been considered a color phase of Butorides virescens, though by some authors treated as a distinct species. t In addition to the fact that it occurs only in Cuba and the Isle of Pines, + where it seems to be perma- nently resident, all the evidence gathered from the examina- tion of between 500 and 600 specimens of the various forms of Butorides virescens and several examples of Butorides brunescens, both adult and young, points to the conclusion that the latter 'Ardea brunescens Lembeye, Aves de la Isla de Cuba, isfxi, p. 84, pi. XII. TBaird, Hep. Explor. and Surv.R. R. Pac. IX. 1858, p. 677; Ridgway, Manual North Amer. Birds, Is*?, p. 131 ; Cory, Auk, IV, 1887, p. 327; et al. JThe ostensible Jamaica record (March, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 64) is based on a mere supposition of its occurrence there. 9— Proc. Biol. Soc Wash., Vol.. XXV, 1912. (..">:;) 54 Oberholsci — The Status of Bat or ides brunescem (Lembeye). is a perfectly distinct species, though of about the same size as Butorides virescens from Cuba. It has also the same habits and associates freely with the latter, at least on its feeding grounds. In adult plumage the uniform chestnut neck and sides of head, the dark, inconspicuous wing edgings, and other less striking characters, distinguish it at a glance from any of the forms of Butorides virescens, save perhaps occasional specimens from the island of San Miguel, one of the Pearl Islands, in the Bay of 1'anama, to which superficial resemblance Messrs. Thayer and Bangs have already called attention.* With this bird, however, there is not any real intergradation in color, for Butorides brunescens never has, so far as we know, the broadly whitish edge of wing, the narrow pale margins of wing-coverts, nor any indication of a median light or white stripe on throat or jugulum, all of which are present in even the most extreme specimens of Butorides virescens from the Pearl Islands. In juvenal plumage there is still more striking contrast of colors, for the juvenal stage of the bird from the Pearl Islands is of practically the same pattern as the young of all the other races of Butorides virescens, and thus very different from the dark, dull, almost uniform (except for pileum, wings, back, and tail) brownish coloration of juvenal Butorides brunes- cens. Nor is there, in the young, any suggestion of intermedi- ate vergence toward any form of Butorides virescens. The following further account of this rare species may prove of interest in this connection. Butorides brunescens (Lembeye). Ardea brunescens Lembeyk (Guxe-lach MS.), Ares de hi Isla de Cuba, 1850, p. 84, pi. XII (C\iba). Ardm brunnescens A. and E. Newton, Ibis, 1S59, p. 262 (Culm; in text); Guxdlacit, Journ. f. Orn., 1871, p. 282; Reichenow, Journ. f. On., IS77, p. 255 (Cuba); Cory, Auk IV, 1887, p. 327 (Cuba); Birds West Indies, 1889, p. 248 (Cuba); Cat. West Indian Birds, 1892, p. 90 (Cuba); Maynard, Cat. Birds West Indies, 1898, p. 4 (Cuba). A[rdea], brunnescens Reich know, Journ. f. Orn., 1877, p. 277; Ridgway, Man. North Amer. Birds, 1887, p. 131 (Cuba); ibid, ed. 2, 1895, p. 131 (Cuba); ibid, ed. 4, 1900, p. 131 (Cuba); Cory, List Birds West Indies, 1885, p. 28 (Cuba); ibid, rev. ed., 1886, p. 28 (Cuba). Ocniscus brunnescens Cabanis, Journ. f. Orn., 1856, p. 344 (Cuba); Brewer, 1'roc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., VII, 1800, p. 30S (Cuba); » Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XLVI, September, L905, pp. 142-144. Oberholsei — The Status of Butorides brunescens (Lcmbeye). 55 < iiNniAcn. Journ. f. Urn., 1875, p. 308 (Cuba); Contrib. Omit. Cubana, 1876, p. 156 ( Cuba I. [Ocniscus] brunnesce ns Gundlach, Repert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, I, 1866, p. 350 (Cardenas, Cuba). Butorides brunnescens Baird, Rep. Explor. and Snrv. R. R. Pac, IX, L858, p. 677 (Cuba; in text); Cat. Amer. Birds, 1859, p. 13, No. 494; Birds North Amer., i860, p. 677 (Cuba; in text); Lawrence, Ann. New York Lye. Nat. Hist., VII, 1860, p. 271 (Cuba); Newton, Ibis, 1861, p. 275 (in text); Allen, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, V, 1880, p. 88 (in text); Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Ill, 1880, pp. 214, 237; Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 21, 1881, pp. (50, 83; Gundlach, Ornit, Cubana, 1893 I 1895), p. 189 (Cuba); Bangs and Zappey, Amer. Nat., XXXIX, Apr., 1905, p. 188 (Isle of Pines); Thayer and Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Z I., XLVI, No. 8, Sept., 1905, p. 142 (Cuba; in text ). B[utorides]. brunnescens Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, *and Ridgway, Water Birds North Amer., I, 1884, p. 49 (Cuba). [Butorides] brunnescens Sharps, Hand-List Gen. Spec. Birds, I, 1899, p. 200 (Culm i. [Ocniscus {Butorides)} brunnescens Gundlach, Journ. f. Orn., 1861, p. 338 (Culm). [Ardea t Butorides)] brunnescens Gray, Hand-List Gen. Spec. Birds, III, 1871, p. 32 (Cuba i. Chars, sp. — Similar to Butorides virescens from Cuba, but entire neck purplish maroon, usually duller, without trace of a median lighter stripe or blackish streaks — only the chin paler, but this never white; posterior lower parts usually darker and more brownish; edge of wing with outer under wing-coverts not broadly creamy or burly white, but blackish or brownish slate color, with only a very narrow whitish or buft'y line along the extreme margin; edgings of superior wing-coverts either obsolescent or so deeply tawny as to be very inconspicuous, thus, at a little distance, giving the impression of their absence; bill usually all black; naked skin above lores also black, instead of whitish. Description. — Adult male, No. 172,719, U. S. Nat. Mus. ; Nueva Gerona, Isle of Pines, West Indies, July 2, 1900; W. Palmer and J. H. Riley. Pileiun, occipital crest, postocular region, and a short sub-auricular streak, deep, somewhat bluish, glossy bottle green; rest of sides of head, with neck all around, purplish chestnut, the chin paler — light tawny ochraceous, the lower jugulum slightly paler and glaucous; upper surface of body deep, dull bottle green, the long, pointed, plume-like feathers of hack and scapulars glaucous and somewhat bluish; wing-quills fuscous, the outer -\\ehs glossed with dull bluish green; all the superior wing- coverts somewhat glossy, bluish bottle green, more or less margined inconspicuously with tawny and chestnut; tail dark, bluish bottle green, somewhat glossy; posterior lower parts and lining of wing brownish slate gray, the thighs more rufescent. 56 Oberholser — The Status of Butorides brunescens (Lembeye). Measurements. — Male:* Wing, 171 mm.; tail, 64; exposed culmen, 6] ; height of bill at base, 12; tarsus, 49; middle toe without claw, !59. Female :t Wing, 163.5; tail, 61; exposed culmen, 60; height of bill at base, 11.2; tarsus, 48.8; middle toe without claw, 42.8. Ti/pe locality. — Cuba. Geographical distribution. — Cuba and the Isle of Pines. This species is apparently about the size of the Cuban form of Butorides virescens, though the female seems to be appreciably smaller than the male. Seasonal and individual variation are slight. The young bird in juvenal plumage differs from the adult much less than in Butorides virescens, but it is rather lighter and more rufescent below, particularly on the whole neck and sides of head ; lower posterior surface less uniform; chin, cheeks, and median line of throat, jugulum, and breast streaked more or less with blackish and huffy — on throat, jugulum, and breast the shaft streaks are bufty, bordered on each side with dark earthy brown ; upper surface of body duller, more greenish (less bluish) ; and the edgings of upper wing-coverts are much broader. The specimens of Butorides brunescens examined are from Guama and other unspecified localities in Cuba, and from Xueva Gerona, in the Isle of Pines. * U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 172,179; Nueva Gerona. Isle of Pines, July 2, 1900; W. Palmer and .1. II. Riley. iU. S. Nat. Mus., No. 172,720; Nueva Gerona, Isle of Pines, June 30, 1900; W. Palmer and J. H. Riley. Vol. XXV, pp. 57-58 April 13, 1912 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON TWO NEW AMERICAN PIKAS. BY X. HOLLISTER. [Published bj permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.] Specimens of the two new species of Ochotona herewith de- scribed have been in the collection of the United States National Museum for many years. The recent acquisition of relevant material and the identification of all the American specimens in the group, have shown the necessity of recognizing addi- tional forms. Ochotona levis sp. nov. Type from Chief .Mountain Lake, Montana. Adult 9 , skin and skull. I'. S. National Museum, No. UUh Collected August 24, 1S74. Dr. Elliott Coues. Orig. No. 4593. General characters. — Size small,; skull decidedly smaller than that of Ochotona princeps, 0. cuppes, or 0. saxatilis. Coloration most like 0. princeps; but fresh coat, especially on cheeks and sides, lighter, with more yellowish-burl". Color. — Head and upperparts of body light huffy brown, paler on nape; cheeks and sides of neck brighter rufous; area behind ears light buff. Color of back blending through lighter brownish-buff of sides to cream buff of underparts; breast often washed with rufous. Hands, above and below, cream buff; feet buff above, with soles somewhat dusky. Skull smaller than in any of the neighboring forms. Measurements of type. — Head and body, 168 millimeters; tail vertebrae, 10. Skull of type compared with skull of adult female Ochotona princeps from head of Smoky River', Alberta, the latter in parentheses: Greatest length, 41.7 (44.2); condylobasal length, 39 (41.2); zygomatic breadth, 20.5 (21.6); nasals, 13.6 (14); alveolar length of upper tooth row, 8 (8.5). Remarks. — Eight specimens of Ochotona levis are in the collection ; rive from the type locality, one from the Belt Mountains, Montana, and two from the Bitter Root Mountains, Idaho. The species is at once distin- 10— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XXV, 1912. (57) 58 Hollister — Two Neio American Pikas. guishable from cuppes or princeps on the north, and from saxatilis on the south, by the small size of the skull, together with the slight, but con- stant color differences. Ochotona uinta sp. no v. Type from Uintah Mountains, Utah. Adult, skin only. U. S. National .Museum, No. 9750. Collected September 28, 1870. F. V. Hayden. Orig. No. 567. General characters. — Differs widely from Ochotona cinnamomea in the comparatively uniform color of the upperparts, without gray on head, shoulders, and ears. More generally brownish than 0. saxatilis, with less yellowish-buff and black in coloration. Color. — Upperparts from head to tail uniform clay color, finely lined with darker brown; head darker than back; underparts cream buff. Hands and feet yellowish buff. Ears dark brown, edged with buff and with tuft of buff colored hairs inside. Remarks. — The peculiar color of this new species at once distinguishes it from all other American pikas. The close color resemblance to Ochotona bedfordi of Asia is remarkable. Three specimens from the type locality, all in full fall pelage, are at hand ; but, unfortunately, all are without skulls. An old, faded, specimen from the Wasatch Mountains, Utah, is probably of the same form. Vol. XXV, pp. 59-60 April 13, 1912 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON TWO NEW MURINE RODENTS FROM TURKESTAN. BY GERRIT S. MILLER, JR. [Published here by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonia n Institution.] Of the two new Asiatic rodents here described one has been represented in the collection of the United States National Museum for several years, the other was recently sent for determination by Mr. Oldfield Thomas. Alticola phasma sp. nov. Type. — Adult male (skin and skull) in British Museum. Collected on eastern side of Kara Korum Mts., Chinese Turkestan, at altitude of be- tween 9000 and 10,000 feet., October 13, 1911, by D. Carruthers. Original number, )'>:!:'>. Diagnosis. — Externally like Alticola albicauda (True), but color more pallid, not appreciably dilierent from that of A. acrophilus. Skull differ- ing from that of A. albicauda in greater size of auditory bullae and shorter diastema. Teeth as in A. albicauda (for figure see Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1899, ]>. 294) except that crown of m3 is notice- ably longer than that of mz, and the third reentrant angle on outer side of same tooth is usually so well developed as to subtend an evident fourth salient angle. Measurements. — External measurements of type and of a second adult male (No. 174,096 U. S. National Museum): head and body, 101 and 101; tail, 40.5 and 38; hind foot, 20 and 19.5; ear, 16 and 10; condylo- basal length of skull, 27.0 and 26. K; zygomatic breadth, 14.8 and 15.0; interorbital constriction, 4.0 and 4.0; occipital breadth] 12.6 and 12.4: occipital depth, 7.0 ami 7.0; nasal, S.O and 8.0; diastema, 8.2 and S.2; mandible, 17.2 ami 17.4; maxillary toothrow, 6.4 and 6.2; mandibular toothrow, 6.2 and 0.0. Specimens examim d. — Five, all from the type locality. Remarks. — In this animal the pallid color of Alticola acrophilus is com- bined with an extreme form of the complicated enamel pattern of A. albicauda, to which peculiarities are added the large auditory bulla', ami the long crown of ni\ neither of which is found in the related species. 11— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol.. XXV, 1912. (m 60 Millet — Two New Murine Rodents from Turkestan. In all five skulls of A. phasma the posterior border of the palate resem- bles that of Evotomys on account of the breadth and definiteness of the lateral bridges. In the type and only known specimen of A. albicauda, however, there is no terminal shelf, since the lateral bridge on each side is represented by its two extremities only, between which the lateral groove lies widely exposed. Apodemus microtis sp. now Type. — Young adult male (skin and skull), No. loo, 471, l". S. National Museum. Collected in the vicinity of Dzharkent, Russian Turkestan, November 11, 1900, by W. Ruckbeil. Original number, 12. Diagnosis. — Size, general appearance, skull and teeth as in Apodemus si/lraticus gylvaticus, but tail shorter than head and body, and ear reduced as in A. hebridensis. Color. — Tbe color resembles that of the more pallid individuals of true Apodemus sylvatieus, showing no evident trace of russet suffusion; gray- ish area behind ear and across neck and shoulders rather noticeable. Measurements. — Head and body, 00 (8o);* tail, 70 (75); hind foot, 21.4 (20.4); hind foot without claws, 21 (20); ear (wet), 13.6 ( 13.6); condylo- basal length of skull (teeth moderately worn), 22.4; zygomatic breadth, 12.6 ; interorbital constriction, 4.0 ; breadth of braincase, LI. 6; depth of braincase, 7.8; nasal, 0.0; diastema, 6.2; mandible, i:'>.4; maxillary toothrow, 3.6; mandibular toothrow, 3.2. Specimens examined. — Two, both from the type locality. * Measurements in parentheses are those of a second male (No. 155,469). Vol. XXV, pp. 61-76 April 13, 1912 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN THYSANOPTERA FROM THE SOUTH AND WEST. BY J. DOUGLAS HOOD Bureau of Biological Survey. U. S. Department of Agriculture. The present paper adds to the known Thysanopterous fauna of North America four new genera and six new species, while three species and one variety are relegated to synonomy. This latter is not surprising in view of the number of workers who have described species after but little work on the group. Our knowledge of the western and southern Thysanoptera was in 1908 limited to a paper by Dudley Moulton on the Cali- fornian species.* One year later, however, Mr. D. L. Crawford, then a student at Pomona College, Claremont, California, was a member of a party of two which made an entomological expe- dition to Guadalajara, Mexico; and after his return he described a supposed new genus and several new species, t The new genus, to which he gave the name Rhaptothrips, has been suppressed by Bagnall,! who directs attention to the fact that the form described is a nymph. Another species, which Mr. Crawford described as Liothrips mcconnelli, belongs in the genus Leptothrips Hood,§ as do Crip- tothrips (sic!) californicus Daniel II and Phyllothrvps fascicidata (sic! ) Crawford. If Furthermore, I can detect no differences • I". S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Km.. Tech. Ser. 12, I't. Ill, pp. 39-68; 1907. t Pomona College Journal of Entomology, Vol. I. pp. 109-119; Dec, 1909; and Vol. II hi.. 153-170; March, 1910. t Ami. Soc. Km. Belg., Tom.- LIY. p. 162; 1910. vS Km. News, Vol. XX, p. 249; June, 1909. Ent. News, Vol. XV. p. 293; Nov., 1904. IT Pomona foil. Journ. Km., Vol. I, p. 105; Dec, 1909. The variety slennceps Craw- ford ( ii Icm, i>. los) belongs in synonomy, having been erected for the reception of specie mens of the typical form which had not become crushed in the mounting. The figure which he gives on p. 107 shows this facl verj clearly. VI— Pi;oc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XXV, 1912. (61) 62 Hood — New Genera and Species of N. A. Thysanoptera. whatever between a cotype of mcconnelli received from Mr. Crawford and two of Dr. Hinds' cotypes of Cryptothrips asper- sus* — the type of the genus — in the collection of the United States National Museum. Liothrips baheri Crawford belongs in or near Mesothrips Zim- mermann.f jflolothrips vespiformis Crawford has been properly made the type of a new genus, — Franklinothrips Back.'! Anthothrips variabilis Crawford (of which I have ten cotypes) is identical with the type of A. gowdeyi Franklin § in the collec- tion of the United States National Museum ; the species should be known as Haplothrips gowdeyi (Franklin). It is interesting to compare Dr. Franklin's figure of the head and prothorax (PL LXIII, fig. 8) with that given by Crawford (Pom. Coll. Journ. Ent., Vol. II, p. 166, A). Idolothrips angusticeps Crawford was compared at the time of its description with Megalothri.ps (?) spinosus Hood, II to which it is only distantly related (being placed in a different family by Bagnall! ), the existence of four North American congeners11 and five Central and South American ones** having been either overlooked or ignored by its describer. It is almost certainly synonymous with one of these. Thrips abdominalfe Crawford has been since redescribed under the name Thrips femoralis by P. R. Jones, tt of the Bureau of Entomology, notwithstanding the fact (as I have been reminded by Mr. H. M. Russell) that the latter name was used by Blanchard in 1851 for a species from Chile. XX The collection upon which are based the new generic and specific names herein proposed was made four years ago in southern Texas and northern Mexico by Mr. Charles A. Hart, Systematic Entomologist of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History. Many hundreds of specimens were taken, all * Proc. C. S. Nat. Mas.. Vol. XXVI. p. 205; 1902. t Hull, de l'lnstitut Botanique de Buitenzorg, No. VII, p. 12; 1900. t Ent. News. Vol. XXIII, p. 7:;; Feb., 1912. §Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XXXIII. p. 724; March I, 1908. t| Can. Ent., Vol. XL, p. 306; Sep., 1908. IT Coniferarum Pergande, and flavipes, armatus, and tuberculatum, Hood. ** Schotti Heeger, and longiceps, assimilis, affinis, and joveicollis, Bagnall; the last mentioned has been recently removed by Bagnall to the genus Dicaiothrips Buffa and separated into two species, Joveicollis and chatnpioni. ++ U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 23, Pt. I, p. 4 ; Jan. 26, 1912. tl Historia fisica y politica de Chile, Zool., Tomo VI, p. 150. Hood — New Genera and Species of N. A. Tliysanoptera. 63 of which, through Mr. Hart's generosity, are in my private collection. In a previous paper, published in these Proceed- ings, two of the new species were described and assigned to a genus previously unknown from the United States; one of these was named Diceratothrips karti in recognition of its collector. Mrs. E. C. Green (nee L. M. Hart) is to be thanked for her careful outlines and first washes of the two species illustrated in the accompanying plate.* And, as usual, Mr. R. S. Bagnall, the English Thysanopterist, has aided in comparing certain species with the types of Old World genera. Suborder TEREBRANTIA Haliday. Family .EOLOTHRIPTDiE Hamdav. StomatothrIps gen. now ( (rr6fj.a, mouth; Qp^, a wood worm. ) Head short, distinctly wider than long, broadly received into prothorax, and produced between the non-projecting eyes. Antennae nine-segmented , moderately slender, inserted very close together; segments 7-0 more or less compactly united. Maxillary palpi clearly eight-segmented; labial palpi five-segmented, the basal segment very short. Prothorax wider than long, slightly longer than head; posterior margin without strong spines. Fore tibiae unarmed ;t second fore tarsal segment with the usual book-like appendage. Fore wings expanded apically, where they are twice as broad as near base. Abdomen very broad at segments 5 and 6, snbpetiolate; ninth abdominal segment of male not prolonged at the posterior angles into hooked, clasping organs. T;ipe: Stomatothrips flnvus sp. now This genus resembles Orothrips and Erythrothrips, Moulton, in the in- creased number of segments of the maxillary and labial palpi; and in that the ninth abdominal segment of the male is simple. From both it, differs in the exact number of palpal segments and in having wings which are expanded apically; furthermore, the antennal segments are free in Orothrips, and in Erythrothrips the head is elongate and of different structure anteriorly. That such genera as Orothrips, Erythrothrips, and Stomatothrips have been found only in North America i< of especial interest because of the •The true light and shade relation has i 11 lost to a great degree in the reproduc- tion of the original drawings, due to the use of an inferior quality of < ihinese white. f Moulton states thai Orothrips has "all tibiae armed" (Tech. Ser.i'2,Part III, Bur. Ent., I", s. Dept. Agr., p. 45) but his figures contradict this statement (PI. I, tigs. 1 and i). For a drawing of an armed tibia see Uzel, " Monographie der Ordnung Thy- sanoptera," Tab. V. fiK. 38. X Moulton. in his generic description of Erythrothrips (Tech. Ser. 21, Bur. Ent., U.S. Dept. Asrr.. p. 35), gives the number of segments in the labial palpi as three; but twenty-two lines below, in his description of the type species, states, '* labial palpi four segmented." 64 Hood — Neiv Genera and Species of N. A. Thysanoptera, light which it seems to throw on the evolution of the Thysanoptera. These genera probably represent the" most primitive known members of the order; for in no group of insects does specialization result in an increase in the number of segments either in the body or its appendages. Stoma - tothrips is thus best placed at the beginning of the JSolothripidse, possess- ing as it does more palpal segments than any other known genus. In an ancient type we would expect to find broad wings; and this is actually the case. Although the palpi of Paheothrips fossilis Scudder,* a Tertiary species described from the White River deposits of Utah, are unfortunately unknown, it is interesting to note that the fore wings are broad and similar in venation to those of Stomatothrips, though a little wider in proportion to their length. Carrying these generalizations a little further, — if we may safely do so on such scant evidence, — we are led to the conclusion that the order Thysanoptera originated in or near the tropics of the New World. And early in its evolution it seems that a branch diverged to form the Uro- thripidse (at present known only from the Old World) which, having in the course of their adaptation lost the ovopositor they at one time pos- sessed, naturally approach the Tubulifera in general appearance. Mr. Bagnall has already notedf that in many fundamental characteristics the Terebrantia and Tubulifera resemble each other more closely than do the Urothripidse and Phloeothripidie; but he nevertheless assigns the family Urothripidse to the Tubulifera. In my opinion the family should be made the type of a new sub-order abundantly distinguished by the presence of eleven instead of four spiracular openings — certainly a character of high taxonomic value in view of its constancy in the two sub-orders at present recognized. Stomatothrips flavus sp. nov. Fig. 1, a and b. Female. — Length about 1.6 mm. (1.47-1.77 mm.). Color testaceous, head and prothorax slightly darker; pterothorax with an indistinct, V- shaped, brown cross-band at middle of dorsum ; abdomen with faint indications of a pale cross-band on segments 1, 2, and :>; antennal seg- ments 1-4 pale yellowish white, the remainder of antenna black; tibise shaded with black. Head about one and one-fourth times as wide as long, rather deeply sulcate between antennae, and slightly narrower and shorter than pro- thorax ; cheeks slightly arcuate; dorsal and lateral surfaces faintly trans- versely striate, set with numerous minute spines. Eyes large, pilose, posteriorly prolonged on ventral surface, and with large, distinct facets. Ocelli ecpiidistant. Antennae moderately slender, about as long as com- bined lengths of head, pro- and mesothorax; segment 1 broadest, nearly as wide as long, tapering toward apex; 2 distinctly longer and narrower •Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XI, p, 117, 1867; Geol. Mag., First Series, Vol. V, p. 221, 1868; Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., I, p. 222, 1875. t Proceedings International Entomological Congress, II, 283-288; 1911. Hood — Neir (fcnrm and S/>; 7 slightly longer than 6, usually about equal to 5 iu length, and narrowing apically; 8 abruptly shorter, one-half to one- third as long as 7 and twice to five times as long as 9, which is subconical and usually about as long as wide. Segments 1-4 pale yellowish white, 3 and 4 slightly more whitish, 4 clouded at extreme apex with black; l"^r. 1. — Stomatothrips flavus gen. et sp. now Female; a, maxillary and labial palpi, lateral view, x-525; b, right fore wing, x93. 5-9 uniform black. Segments :5-9 quite thickly clothed with short, white, inconspicuous hairs of uniform length; 5, 6, and 7 each with a short, linear, pale, sensory area on ventral surface.* Mouth cone normal to the group. Ventral surface of head sparsely pubescent and with two pairs of prominent spines, one of which is subantennal and the other of which is situated between the posterior angles of the eyes, just anterior to the chitinous thickening. Prothorax subrectangular, slightly wider than long, and a little wider than head; sides and posterior angles rounded; surface with numerous very minute spines. Mesothorax broader than prothorax, anterior angles broadly rounded, mesonotum transversely striate. Metathorax narrowed posteriorly, metanotum nearly smooth. Wings long; fore wings expanded apically, broadest at apical sixth, where they are just twice as wide as at basal fourth; venation normal to the group; spines on anterior portion of ring vein short, slightly projecting beyond margin of wing; first and second longitudinal veins set with about 20 and 14 short spines, respectively. Color of fore wings pale brown, with two white cross hands, one of these being a narrow one at basal seventh and the other a slightly wider one at apical seventh; intermediate brown area somewhat paler at middle; hind wings white. Abdomen subpetiolate, at sixth segment more than twice as wide as at base and one and one-half times as wide as pterothorax ; posterior margin of segments 1. 2, and 3 whitish; segments 9 and 10 tinged with yellow or white. .Measurements of a female from Odin, Illinois. — Length, 1.7:! mm.; head, length, .17 mm.; width, .21 mm.; prothorax, length, .2] mm.; width, .L'4 mm. ; pterothorax, width, .30 mm. ; abdomen, width, .47 * Similar areas are almost certainlj present on segments :; and I, bul I have not been able to make them out on my specimens. QP> flood — New Genera and Species of N. A. Thysanopiera. mm. Antennal segments: 1, oil/* ; 2, 48m; 3, 162m; 4, 141m; 5, 7-V ; 6, 62m; 7, 66m; >s, 23m; 9, 12m; total, .63 mm.; width, .025 mm. .Measurements of a female from Monterey, Mexico. — Length, 1.47 mm. ; head, length, .15 mm.; width, .21 mm.; prothorax, length, .20 mm.; width, .2:; mm.; pterothorax, width, .MO mm. ; abdomen, width, .35 mm. Antennal segments: 1, Mom; 2, 5(1m; 3, 1M2m; 4, 93m ; 5, 67m; 6, 49m; 7, 52m; 8, 25m; 9, 14m; total, .517 mm.; width, .025mm. Male. — Similar to female, but slenderer and with longer antennae. Measurements of a male from Monterey, Mexico. — Length, 1.07 mm. ; head, length, .147 mm. ; width, .174 mm. ; prothorax, length, .160 nun. ; width, .181 mm.; pterothorax, width, .245 mm.; abdomen, width, .192 mm. Antennal segments: 1, 36m; 2, 45m; 3, 154m; 4, 137m; 5, 92m; 6, 77m; 7, 78m; 8, 24m; 9, 8m; total, .65 mm.; width, .027 nun. Measurements of antenna of male from Brownsville, Texas: — I, 31m; 2. 39m; 3, 118m; 4, 100m; 5, 75m; 6, 67m; 7, 75m: 8, 17m; 9, 8m; total, .54 mm. ; width, .027 mm. Described from a good scries of both sexes as follows: Monterey, Mex., July 5, 1908, C. A. Hart; Matamoras, Mex., June 30, 1908, ('. A. H.; "Tlahualilo, Mex., Sep. 12, 1910, on cotton, J. P. Conduit" (Coll. A. C. Morgan); Brownsville, Texas, June 23, 25; July 2, 1908, C. A. H. ; Dubois, Illinois, July 2, 1909, C. A. H.; Odin, Illinois, June 25, l!t0i», C. A. H. It appears to be common on grass and weeds, as all of Mr. Hart's collections were by sweeping. Type locality. — Monterey, Mexico. The pale coloration will distinguish this species at a glance. No (hawing of the head and prothorax is given because in a large series of carefully mounted specimens I have been unable to find a per- fectly satisfactory dorsal view. The structure of the insect is entirely responsible for this. I have experienced the same difficulty in mounting Franklinothrips vespiformis. Family THIilPID/E Haliday. Bregmatothrips gen. nov. {fipiyna, the upper part of the head; Gp^, a wood worm. ) Head long; vertex swollen, produced, overhanging and slightly sur- passing the base of antennae. Eyes prominent, protruding. Antennae eight-segmented, style much shorter than segment (i; all sense cones simple. Maxillary palpi three segmented. Prothorax elongate, distinctly longer than head and nearly as long as wide, broadest near base ; posterior angles with two long spines; all other prothoracic spines relatively small. Wings, when present, moderately slender and without color pattern ; fore pair with two longitudinal veins reaching nearly to tip; anterior margin of fore wings set with very long and slender spines which are scarcely distinguishable from the fringe. Abdomen acute, the ninth segment elongate; spines long and strong; ninth abdominal segment of male not provided with two pairs of chitinous dorsal projections. Type.— Bregmatothrips venuslus sp. nov. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XXV, [912. Plate IV L. M. Han el J. D. IT. del. Bregmutothripg venustus, Female, x77 Rhopalothrips bicolor, Female, xl04 Hood— New Genera and Species of X. A. Hiysanoptera. 6rt This genua is suggestive of Aptinothrips, Physopus (s. 1.), Oxythrips, and Rhaphidothrips. In it should he placed Thrips binervis Kobus,* a Javanese species differing from venustus in the much slenderer form and tin1 longer head and prothorax. In such genera of the Thripidse as Aptinothrips, Paehythrips, Prosopo- thrips, Apterothrips, Ambly thrips, and Agerothrips the ocelli and wings are always wanting; in Chirothrips and lAmoihrips the ocelli are present in the females hut wanting in the wingless males; in the brachypterous form of the species described by Uzel as Physopus nigrivenlris only the two posterior ones are present; in the type species of the present genus the brachypterous form may have three, two, or no ocelli, while the macrop- terous form always has three. It will thus be seen that the presence of ocelli and wings are not even characters of specific significance and that their use in generic diagnoses can not be considered of any value what- ever. Bregmatothrips venustus sp. nov. Plate IV, first figure; Fig. 2, a and b. Female: forma brarhyptera. — Length about 1.0 mm. Color dark black- ish brown to black, with pterothorax, first abdominal segment, inter- mediate antennal segments, and legs, yellow, shaded slightly with brown; prothorax slightly paler than head. Head about as long as wide, slightly shorter than prothorax; vertex swollen, produced anteriorly, broadly rounded as seen from above; dorsal surface faintly cross striate, armed with three pairs of moderately long slender bristles, the first pair situated opposite center of eyes, the second pair placed almost directly behind the posterior ocelli, and the third pair situated just behind the eyes. Eyes moderate in size, protruding, setose. ( >celli lacking or with the anterior one greatly reduced or wanting. An- tenna? moderately slender, about 1.8 times as long as head; segments 1 and 1 brown, the latter paler toward apex and at middle; 3 to 5 pale yellow, sometimes slightly shaded with brown; 6-8 brown, concolorous with head; sense cones pale, slender, simple; formula: o, 0-1; 4,0-1; :>, 1-0; C), 1-1 + 1. Prothorax very slightly broader than long and somewhat longer and wider than head; posterior angles each with two long, slender spines; anterior angles with a pair of smaller, weaker bristles about equal in size to the posterior marginal pair; all other spines small and scarcely visible. Mesothorax slightly wider than prothorax, fore angles broadly rounded ; metathorax closely united to mesothorax and of about equal width throughout; meso- and metathorax uniform pale lemon yellow. Wings short, reaching to first abdominal segment. Legs rather short and stout, yellow in color; femora and bases of tibiae, especially the posterior pair, often shaded with brown. Abdomen moderately long, slender, distinctly broader than pterothorax; • I nu\ indebted to Mr. A. C. Morgan for the privilege of examining a slide of this species in the collection of the Bureau of Entomology. 68 Hood — New Genera and Species of N. A. Thysanoptera. apex sharply conical; segment 10 with a longitudinal dorsal suture; spines on segments 9 and 10 long, strong, dark in color, and prominent. Segment 1 of abdomen pale yellow, concolorous with pterothorax; re- mainder of abdomen dark blackisb brown, concolorous with or slightly darker than head and prothorax. Measurements. — Length, 1.02 nun.; head: length, .135 mm.; width, .140 mm.; prothorax: length, .158 mm.; width, .ISO mm.; pterothorax: width, .200 mm.; abdomen: width, .203 mm. An- tenna! segments: 1, 24m; 2, 33m; 3, 39m; 4, 33m; 5, 31m; 6, 51m; 7, 11m; . Haplothrips graminis sp. nov. Fig. 3. Female. — Length about 1.5 mm. Color dark blackish brown to almost black, with a reddish east due. to the presence of maroon hypodermal pigmentation ; fore tarsi, apical portion of fore tibiae, and bases of inter- mediate antennal segments, yellow or yellowish. Head somewhat longer than wide, broadest at middle; cheeks gently rounded, usually very slightly convergent posteriorly; vertex rounded, slightly produced, the anterior ocellus slightly overhanging; dorsal and lateral surfaces set with several short inconspicu- ous spines; pos-tocular bristles rather short, pointed, less than one-third as long as head. Eyes slightly more than one- third as long as head, not protruding. Ocelli anterior ; posterior ocelli opposite anterior third of eyes. Antennae about one and one-half times as long as head, moderately stout; segments 1 and 2 dark hlackish brown, the latter paler toward apex and at middle; 3 yellow, shaded laterally with brown; 4-8 successively darker in color, ranging gradually from brownish yellow to blackish brown ; seg- ment 3 subcorneal, swollen, very slightly narrower and shorter than segment 4 ; 4-i; suhglobose, pedicellate, the first as broad as its length exclusive of pedicel; 7 oblong, pedicellate, truncate at apex, and broadly united to 8, which is subcorneal ; sense cones short, moder- ately stout, those on segments 3 and 4 blunt; formula: 3, 0-1; 4, 2-2; •">, 1-1 + '; 6, 1-1 ; 7 with one on dorsum near apex. .Mouth cone blunt, about half as long as head, slightly surpassing middle of prosternum. 1'rothorax a little more than two-thirds as long as head, and (including coxae) about 1.8 times as wide as long, surface nearly smooth; anterior marginal spines greatly reduced in size and scarcely visible ; others blunt. Fig. ;;. Haplothrips graminis sp. nov. Female, head and prothorax, x96. 70 Hood — New Genera and Species of N. A. Thysanoptera. the two pairs at the posterior angles longest; midlaterals short. Ptero- thorax slightly wider than prothorax, about as broad as long, sides gently arcuate, slightly converging posteriorly. Wings present, clear; fore wings distinctly narrowed at middle, with a slight brownish cloud at extreme base, and with the subapical fringe on the posterior margin double for about seven hairs. Fore tarsi armed with a small, acute tooth. Abdomen slightly wider than pterothorax. Tube rather short, less than .b' as long as head, about 1.7 times as long as its basal width, suf- fused with hypodermal pigmentation. Measurements. — Length, 1.5 mm.; head: length, .200 mm.; width, .171 mm.; prothorax: length, .150 mm.; width (including coxae), .2, 37m; 4, 42m; 5, 39m; <>, 36m; 7, 3(>m; x, 25m; total, .29 mm.; width; .029 mm. Male. — Similar to female but slightly smaller (length about 1.2 mm. ). and with slenderer antennae.* Fore femora often swollen; fore tarsi armed with a rather large, stout tooth. Abdomen slender. Described from a good series of both sexes taken by Mr. C. A. Hart at Brownsville, Loma, and on Padre Island opposite Pt. Isabel, Texas, ami at Matamoras, Mexico, in June, July, and November. It was rather common in sweepings, and was once taken in tiowers of Clematis drum- mondii. Type locality. — Brownsville, Texas. This species is very close to H. govlfleyi Franklin. But in a series of over thirty specimens the prothoracic and postocular bristles are always pointed and shorter, with the anterior marginals greatly reduced in size; the antennae are always much darker in color; and there is no sense cone on the inner margin of the third antennal segment. The figure given herewith was unfortunately made some time ago from a specimen which, though freshly-Hilled, had the head unusually nar- nowed at base. * Scop.eothrips gen. now ( (TKwwaws, a dwarf; 6p^, a wood worm. ) Body very short, broad, compact. Head fully as broad as long, cheeks snl (parallel; front produced between eyes, separated from their anterior margin by a deep furrow, and bearing the anterior ocellus at its ex- tremity. Mouth cone short, heavy, attaining fore margin of mesothorax. Antennae eight-segmented, all segments free and of normal form. Legs short, stout; fore legs of male often greatly swollen, the femora serrate on inner margin and with a strong basal tooth; tarsi ami inner apex of tibiae each with a strong tooth in the male. Abdomen moderately large, broad at base, thence tapering to tube. All prominent bristles, excepting those at apex of tube, infundibuliform. Type. — Scopieothrips unicolor sp. nov. * Try bom notes in his original description that this is true also of H. bagnalli. Hood — New Genera and Species of X. A. Thysanopterd. 71 To the present genus, which is probably !>est placed near Ifaplothrips, I have assigned a single, minute, wingless species remarkable for the very broad, infundibuliform bristles, the peculiar structure of the vertex, and the swollen, armed femur of the male. ScopaiOthrips unicolor sp, nov. Fig. 4, a and b. Female : forma bracyptera. — Length about .it mm. Color dark blackish In-own, pterothorax often paler when viewed by reflected light; tarsi, apices of fore tibiae, and antenna! segments 3-6, yellow. Dorsal surface sculptured, shining. Head slightly wider than long; cheeks subparallel, with a short, collar- like widening at base; dorsal and lateral surfaces with deep, close, trans- verse strke and short stout spines; postocular bristles short, infundibuli- form, similar in size and shape to a pair at the posterior angles of the the eyes. Eyes rather coarsely faceted, with occasional brief spines between facets. Pos- terior ocilli directed antero-laterally. An- tennae slender, slightly more than twice as long as head ; segments 1, 2, 7, and S concolor- ous with body, except- ing apex of 2, which is distinctly yellowish; :;-!) uniform pale yel- low, clavate, pedicel- late; 7 oblong, pedi- cellate; 8 subcorneal ; sense cones moderately stout, almost perfectly transparent; formula: .'!, 0-0; 4, 1-1; 5, 1-1 + '; (J, 1-1 ; 7 with one on dorsum near apex. Prothorax about .7 as long as head and (including coxa-) about two ami one-half times as wide as long; all usual spines present, very short and broadly infundibuliform;* coxal spine wine-glass-shaped as seen from above; dorsal surface at each side with a depressed and concentrically striate area which is lobed mediad ; remainder of dorsal surface trans- versely striate. Pterothorax lar^e, broader than prothorax, subrectan- gular; mesonotum closely transversely striate (the striae bent posteriorly at the median line) and with two pairs of dilated equidistant bristles on posterior ed^e; metanotum with a pair of similar bristles at middle (about * The bristles are all pale ami transparent, and in balsam mounts visible under high power only after a vers careful adjustment of the light. In the figure the bases of sev- eral have been shown although the bristles themselves could not ]><• distinguished against the dark-colored notum. This i> true also of Rhopalothrips bimlor sp. nov. Fig. 1- bead and ■Scopseothrips unicolor gen. et sp. nov. prothorax, female, x93; 6. right fore leg, male, ventral view. x283. 72 Hood — New Genera and Species of N. A. Thj/sanoptera. as far separated as those of mesonotum ) and with very close longitudinal striae. Legs stout; fore tarsi armed with a moderately long, acute tooth. Wings attaining first abdominal segment, the three subbasal spines in- fundibuliform. Abdomen broadest at segment 2, thence tapering almost straight to tube. Tube between .6 and .7 as long as head, less than twice as wide at base as at apex; sides straight. Marginal and internal abdominal bristles very short, enormously dilated, the former curving posteriorly; bristles at apex of tube short, pointed. Measurements. — Length, .92mm.; head: length, .14 mm.; width, .15 mm.; prothorax: length, .10 mm. ; width (inclusive of coxa;), .25 mm. ; pterothorax, width, .27 mm.; abdomen: width, .30mm.; tube: length, .09mm.; width at base, .053 mm.; at apex, .021) mm. Antennal seg- ments: l, 21m; 2, 36m; •"-, ■'>»; 4, 42m; 5, 42m; <;, 39m; 7, 36m; 8, 29m; total, .285 mm. ; width at segment 4, .025 mm. Male: forma Lrachyptera. — Slightly shorter than female; fore legs usually greatly enlarged, the femora serrate on inner margin and with a strong basal tooth; fore tibia with stout, blunt tooth on inner margin of apex; tarsal tooth very strong. Paratype : Xo. 14, (593, U. S. National Museum. Described from an excellent series of both sexes, taken during June and July on Opuntia, at Brownsville, Texas, by Mr. Charles A. Hart. This interesting species is the smallest known Tubultiferon. In living specimens the enormously dilated bristles appear as minute white dots. Rhopalothrips gen. nov. (p6-n-a\ov, club; 6p^, a wood worm. ) l>ody very short, broad, compact. Head as broad as long, widest in basal third, narrowed anteriorly; eyes scarcely extending onto ventral surface. Mouth cone short, heavy, attaining fore margin of mesothorax. Antennae eight-segmented, the last three segments compactly united; second segment subglobose, conspicuously widened ; third segment short and conspicuously narrower; antenna! spines and sense cones very slender and weak. Legs short, stout. Abdomen moderately large, broad, All prominent body bristles, excepting those at apex of tube, infundibu- liform. Type. —Rhopalothrips bicolor sp. nov. It is difficult to say just where in our present classification this genus should be placed. The union of the three apical segments of the antennae suggests DermotJirips hawaiiensis Bagnall and Cephalothrlps monilicornis Reuter, and other points of structure would seem to indicate relationship with the genus Haplolhrips. It probably belongs in the Haplolhrips- Zygothrips-Cephalolhrips-Hindsiana series with Scopseothrips gen. nov. In the preceding generic description I have abandoned the use of pres- ence or absence of ocelli and wings, because such characters are of no value even as specific ones. In certain Phloeothripid genera, such as Trichothrips Uzel and Allothrips Hood, whose species live under bark or Rood — New Genera and Species of X. A. Thysanoptera. 73 in other secluded places, the ocelli arc lacking in apterous or brachypter- ous generations and present in macropterous ones; while in the genera which constitute the main hulk of the family and whose species do not spend their lives in hidden places, the ocelli are always, and the wings usually, present. It is interesting to note, however, that the reduction of the eyes and the absence of ocelli can not always he ascribed to a decrease in the light intensity, for this wingless species has no ocelli, yet lives exposed to the rays of a tropical sun on the leaves of an intensely xerophil- OUS plant. Rhopalothrips bicolor sp. now Plate IV, second figure; fig. 5, a and b. Female : forma brachyptera. — Length about .9mm. Head, prothorax, meso- and metanotum black; abdomen and metapleurae white, segments 2-8 of the former each with a pair of small granulate black dots on dor- sum : legs white, the tibiae of second and third pairs handed with black, anterior and middle femora black at base; antenna' white, segments 4 and 6-8 dusky, the last two espe- cially so. ( By transmitted light the heavy white pigment often appears nearly black, in some specimens almost reversing the coloration as described above.) Dorsal surface non-sinning, densely granulate in dark colored portions, the granules tending to coalesce into lines of re- ticulation; ventral surface smooth. Head slightly wider than long, widest in basal third and narrowed toward eyes, with a median carina above insertion of antenna'; dorsal and lateral surf aces sparsely spinbse with brief, transparent, pointed spines; postocellar bristles large, dilated ; asecond pair of prominent bristle-insertions visible at inner posterior angle of eyes; postocular hristles wanting. Eyes with coarse, separated facets, between which are minute, stout spines. Ocelli wanting. Antenna' short, stout, about twice as long as head ; segments 1, 2, 3, and 5 nearly white; 1 and ") slightly darkened with yellowish; 4 and (i dusky brown, the former paler at apex, the latter paler at base; 7 and 8 uniform blackish brown; segment 2 subglobose, pedicellate, conspicuously the broadest in entire antenna; :; short, slender, claviform, conspicuously narrower and weaker than 4 ; 4 and 5 clavate, pedicellate; 6-8 successively shorter, together forming a compact, pedicellate club; sense cones and spines exceedingly small and weak; segment 2 with a broad, infundibuli- form hristle on inner side of dorsum; segment I! without sense cones. Fig. 5. Rhopalothrips bicolor gen. et sp. now Female; a, head and prothorax, xy:!; h, right antenna, x206. 74 Hood — New Genera and Species of N. A. Thysanoptera. Prothorax about .7 as long as head and (inclusive of coxae) approxi- mately two and a half times as wide as long; all usual spines present, very short and broadly infundibuliform ;* coxa] spine wine-glass-shaped as seen from above; dorsal surface at each side with a broad, shallow fovea. Pterothorax large, broader than prothorax, subrectangular ; meso- and metanotum each with one pair of large, dilated bristles near posterior margin. Legs stout; lure tarsi armed each with a minute, acute tooth. Wings attaining first abdominal segment, the three subbasal spines in- fimdibnliform. Abdomen slightly broader than pterothorax, heavy, roundly narrowed to tube. Tube a little more than .(> as long as head, less than twice as wide at base as at apex, sides straight. Marginal and internal abdominal bristles very short, enormously dilated, the former curving posteriorly; bristles at apex of tube short, pointed. Measurements. — Length, .93 mm.; head: length, .126mm.; width, .144 mm.; prothorax: length, .090 mm.; width (including coxa?), .224 mm.; pterothorax: width, .240 mm. ; abdomen: width, .270 mm.; tube: length, .079 mm. ; width at base, .044 mm. ; at apex, .026 mm. Antenna! segments: 1, 21m; 2, 35/* x 32/*; •'>, 27m x lSit; 4, 2>:!/* x 25/*; 5, 36/*; <>, :>5/*; 7, 24/*; 8, 18/*; total length of antenna, .23 mm. Paratype : No. 14,694, U. S. National Museum. Described from forty-nine females taken July 4, L908, on Opuntia at Topo Chico (near Monterey), Mexico, by Mr. Charles A. Hart. With the exception of Cryptothrips dentipes Renter, which has a pale prothorax, this is the only bicolored species of the suborder. Genus Liotjirifs Uzel, 1895. Liothrips varicornis sp. nov. Fig. (i, a and b. Female. — Length about 2.1 mm. Color dark blackish brown or black; tarsi, articulations of legs, apices of antennal segments, and tip of tube paler; third antennal segment abruptly pale yellow. Head about one and one-fifth as long as wide, broadest across cheeks; the latter gently arcuate, slightly converging posteriorly ; vertex elevated, produced, anterior ocellus distinctly overhanging; dorsal and lateral surfaces finely transversely striate, set with several short, inconspicuous spines; postocular bristles pointed, about as long as eyes. Eyes large, finely faceted, not at all protruding, one-third as long as head. Ocelli anterior; posterior ocelli opposite anterior third of eyes. Antennae twice as long as head, moderately slender ; segments 1 and 2 nearly concolorous with body, 2 slightly paler toward apex and at middle; 3 pale yellow, slightly clouded apically ; 4-8 nearly concolorous with body, slightly paler at apex ; segments 3-6 clavate, pedicellate; 7 oblong, pedicellate; S sub- conical ; sense cones slender, colorless; formula: 3, 0-1 ; 4, 1-1 + 1; 5, 1-1 + 1; 0, 1-1 + 1; 7 with one on dorsum near apex. Mouth cone acute, slightly surpassing base of presternum. * See note under Scopseothrips unieolor, p. 71. Hood — New Genera and Species of N. A. Thysanoptera. 75 Prothorax two-thirds as long as head, and ( including coxse) about 2.3 times as wide as long; all spines present, long, pointed, brown in color, the two pairs near the posterior angles longest; coxa! spine pointed, a little shorter than the anterior marginals. I'terothorax slightly wider than prothorax and a little wider than long; sides subparallel, slightly con- verging posteriorly. Wings long, closely fringed, not nan-owed at middle; fore wings mar- gined witli a slight shading of brown and with a narrow, me- dian brown bar originatiii^ just beyond the three subbasal spines and becoming obsolescent he- fore apex of wing; subbasal spines set in a narrow, da r k brown, longitu- dinal vitta ; sub- apical fringe i >n posterior mar- gin double for about fourteen hairs; hind w ings clear. Legs not long, a little stouter than usual in t lie genus; fore tarsi unarmed. Abdomen large, slightly wider than pterothorax, tapering roundly from segment 6 to base of tube. Tube about .9 as long as head, twice as wide at hase as at apex, tapering evenly for its entire length. Abdominal bristles moderately long, pointed, pale: terminal bristles slightly shorter than tube. Measurements. — Length, 2.13 mm.; head: length, .270 mm.; width, .221 mm.; prothorax: length, .180 mm.; width (including coxa';, .40") nun.: pterothorax: width, .465 mm. ; abdomen: width, .510 mm. ; tube: length, .248 nun. ; width at hase, .096 mm.; width at apex, .048 mm. Antennal segments: 1,39m; 2,60/*; 3, 87/*; 4, 78/*; 5,75/*; 6,68/*; 7, 63/*; 8, 41m; total, .511 mm.; width at segment I, .041 mm. Described from one female, taken in sweepings from grass and weeds at Monterey, .Mexico, July 5, 1908, by Mr. Charles A. Hart. The large size, short head, long spines, and the peculiar antennal colora- tion at once distinguish this species from it> allies. Fig. 6. — Liothrips varicornis sp. nov. Female, holotype; a, bead and prothorax, x94; 6, segments II-IY of right antenna, xl72, Vol. XXV, pp. 77-84 April 13, 1912 PROCEEDINGS /?& OF THE /CS^ BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON /£ SIX NEW EAST INDIAN CRINOIDS BELONGING TO THE FAMILY CHARITOMETRIDiE. BY AUSTIN H. CLARK. In an earlier paper in this volume (pp. 17-28) I described seventeen new crinoids belonging to the families Comasterida? and Zygometridse which had been discovered in the East Indies by the Dutch steamship Siboga. The present paper deals with the new species of Charitometrida' in the same collection. Preliminary descriptions of the new forms in the remaining families will he found in the current volumes of the "Notes from the Leyden Museum," the " Zoologischer Anzeiger," and the "Annals and Magazine of Natural History." Family CHARITOMP:TRIDjE. Pachylometra crassa sp. nov. This form is nearest to P. flexilis, but it possesses stouter cirri which have rather prominent dorsal processes distally, and the arm bases are much smoother, the axillaries and corresponding ossicles being without the characteristic median tubercles and rounded posterior processes. The centrodorsal is very large, truncated conical, the sides making a rather small angle with each other, 9 mm. in diameter at the base, 5 mm. across the irregularly convex dorsal pole, and .5 mm. high; the cirrus sockets are arranged in ten columns, usually three to a column, the col- umns being closely crowded interradially, slightly separated radially. The cirri are about xxv, 18-22 (usually 20), 32 mm. long, stout and short segmented; the first segment is short, and the following gradually increase in length so that the sixth and following are nearly as long as broad, those in the outer third of the cirri being slightly shorter again; on the seventh a slight broad subterminal dorsal hump makes its appear- ance which slowly increases in height so that the terminal nine possess a prominent broad blunt and well rounded subterminal tubercle which 13— Peoc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XXV, 1912. (77) 78 Clark — Six New East Indian Crinoids. becomes more pointed on the last two or three before tlie penultimate; the opposing spine is small, subterminal, resembling the tubercle on the preceding segment, but arising from a much smaller base. The radials and the ends of the basal rays are concealed; the iBr, are very short, broadly V-shaped, sometimes concealed in the median line so that only the lateral portions are visible; the dorsal surface is more or less irregular; the axillaries are short and broad, nearly three times as broad as long, rhombic, the lateral angles truncated so that the lateral sides are nearly or quite as long as those of the iBn. The arms are ten or eleven in number, about 180 mm. long; the first two brachials are about equal in size, slightly wedge-shaped (more pro- nouncedly so on the second), about three times as broad as the median length; the synarthrial tubercles are scarcely marked; the brachials have slightly produced distal edges and a more or less swollen dorsal surface. Type locality.—" Siboga" Station No. 259. Pachylometra Melius sj>. nov. This new form is nearest P. septentrionalis of Japan, but it is of more delicate build with much more slender cirri and with the dorsal surface of the division series and arm bases strongly convex and perfectly smooth without any trace of median carination or of tubercles. The centrodorsal is of moderate size, flattened hemispherical or thick truncated conical, 6' mm. in diameter at the base, 3 mm. across the flat dorsal pole and 4 mm. high; the cirrus sockets are arranged in ten equally separated columns of two or three each. The cirri are about xxv, 23, about 28 mm. long; the first segment is si tort, the following gradually increasing in length to the fifth and sixth which are the longest, between one third and one half again as long as broad; the following segments very slowly decrease in length so that those in the distal third of the cirri are about as long as the distal diameter; in the distal third of the cirri the median portion of the distal dorsal edge of the segments is somewhat swollen, this on the last fiveorsix before the penul- timate becoming a blunt subterminal dorsal tubercle; the opposing spine is prominent, short, sharp, terminal, directed obliquely forward. The ends of the basal rays are visible as large rhombic tubercles in the angles of the calyx; the radials are entirely concealed; the iBn are very short, broadly V-shaped with the proximal and distal edges parallel ; the lateral thirds of the proximal and distal edges are slightly produced; the axillaries are very short, nearly or quite three times as broad as long, rhombic in shape with concave sides and truncated lateral angles, the lateral edges being as long as those of the iBn; the lateral edges and all but the median portion of the proximal edge are very slightly produced ; the synarthrial tubercles are low and broad, scarcely evident. The basal contour of the animal is broadly rounded, exactly like that of P. septentrionalis. The twenty-six arms of the type are 125 mm. long; there are seven ii Br 4 (3 + 4) and three nBr 2 series; the in Br series are 2, internally Clark — Six New East I ml inn Crinoids. 79 developed excepl for one which i- external by the side of an internal mi Br series. Type locality. — "Siboga" station No. 254. Pachylometra fragilis sp. nov. The centrodorsal is low, flattened hemispherical, 7 nun. in basal diam- eter and 3 mm. high; the cirrus sockets are closely crowded, in two or three irregular rows and approximately fifteen columns, three in each radial area: the cirrus sockets touch the proximal border of the centro- dorsal. The cirri are about xxx, L7-18, 30 nun. to 35 mm. long, moderately -lender; the first four segments are short, the fifth is half again as long as broad; the sixth-eighth are the longest, twice as long as broad; the following slowly decrease in length becoming about as long as broad dis- tallyand then increase again so that the penultimate and antepenultimate are about twice as long as broad; the earlier longer segments have slightly prominent ends, and the shorter distal segments have the distal dorsal margin slightly swollen. The subradial clefts are deep, but very narrow; the ends of the basal rays are visible as large and prominent rhombic areas in the angles of the calyx; the radials are very short, strongly curved, with a low broad ob- scure median tubercle; the r B.n are extremely short, band-like, with an obscure low median tubercle; they are produced inward toward the center of the calyx so that their sharply flattened lateral edges almost meet, being separated only by a narrowly V-shaped cleft running to the edge of the inner edge of the synarthrial joint face; though the dorsal surface of the segment is well rounded the distance from the central canal to the median part of the dorsal edge is not so great as the distance from the central canal to the inner angle; counting the entire median length of the joint face the broadest portion is found to be scarcely more than one third of the distance from the dorsal edge to the innerangle; the ossicle is sharply "wall-sided" from its widest point inward; the axillaries are low, rhombic, with the lateral angles truncated so that the lateral edges are about as long as the lateral edges of the iBn, twice as broad as long; there is an obscure well rounded median carination; the distal angle is produced, but broad; the dorsal surface is rather strongly convex; the lower portions of the axillaries are strongly produced inward so that, like the i Bri, the inner sides are reduced almost to apices which almost meet the similar inner ends of the other axillaries; from this central point the inner face of the axillaries slopes away almost horizontally so that the inner lace- of the axillaries, together with the division series, form the platform upon which the visceral mass rests; the sides of the inner half of the axillaries are sharply "wall-sided"; the nBr series are similar to thi' i I >r series, hut rapidly decrease in dorsoventral width; they are sharply flattened laterally for somewhat more than their inner half; the first two brachials are flattened laterally for their entire inner side and the third and fourth are flattened on the inner portion of the inner side. 80 Clark — Six New East Indian Crinoids. Pi is 9 mm. or 10 mm. long, slender and evenly tapering, with from twenty-six to thirty-one segments all of which are much broader than long; P2 is similar, very slightly stouter, of the same length or very slightly longer, with twenty-five segments of which the outermost are about as long as broad; Pais 11 mm. long with twenty-two segments, resembling P2, but with the segments in the distal half about as long as broad; P4 is 11 mm. long with twenty segments which become about as long as broad on the fifth or sixth and slightly longer than broad termi- nally; P5 is 9 mm. long with fifteen segments, most of which are about as long as broad; Pg is 8 mm. long with fourteen segments; P9 is 7 mm. long with thirteen segments; in the genital pinnules the third-seventh segments are just perceptibly broader than those ifollowing; the distal pinnules are very slender, 10 mm. long with twenty segments. Type locality.— " Siboga " Station No. 1.6(5. Glyptometra timorensis sp. nov. This new species is nearest to G. lata of southern Japan, but the cirri are shorter and slightly stouter, with shorter segments, and the ornamen- tation of the ossicles of the iBr series and of the proximal brachials is much more smooth and regular; there is none of the coarsely tubercular rugosity characteristic of G. lata. The centrodorsal is very thick discojdal, the sides sloping slightly in- ward, 6.5 mm. in diameter at the base and :! mm. high ; the cirrus sockets are arranged in ten columns of two each, the columns being closely crowded against each other and showing no differentiation into pairs. The cirri are xx, 17-20, 20 mm. to 25 mm. long, stout; the first seg- ment is very short, the following gradually increasing in length to about the seventh, which, with the following, is about twice as broad as the median length, or, in the longest cirri, half again as broad as the median length ; the dorsal profile of the segments beyond the seventh or eighth is convex, becoming gradually more strongly so toward the end of the cirri. The ends of the basal rays are visible as flat triangular or irregular areas in the angles of the calyx; the radials are entirely concealed or are slightly visible as small irregular tubercles or flat irregular areas in the angles of the calyx; the 1 Bn are short, broadly chevron-shaped, the proximal and distal borders parallel, about four times as broad as long; the proximal edge is produced into a thin border overlapping and con- cealing the proximal portion of the centrodorsal, though flush with its general surface; the border of this produced proximal edge is usually irregularly scalloped or bears a few low coarse teeth, though it may be nearly plain; it sometimes bears a few low tubercles; it may be evenly curved, becoming horizontal just over the ends of the basal rays, or it may be regularly curved in its lateral thirds but nearly straight in its median third; the middle of the dorsal surface of the 1 Bn is occupied by a large prominent broadly oval well rounded tubercle; the axillaries are broadly rhombic with the lateral angles truncated so that the lateral edges are from one half to two thirds the length of the sides of the iBn, Clarl — Six New East Indian Crinoids. 81 two and one half times as broad as Long, in the median line nearly twice as long as the i 1 ► i- 1 ; the center, excepl at the anterior angle, is occupied by a tubercle which is more elongated dorsoventrally than that on the i E$n and, though as high, less prominent as it rises much less abruptly; the lateral edges of the i Bri and i I'.r-j are turned outward, but not nearlj so stronglyas is the case in G. lateralis; the lateral thirds of tin1 proximal edge of the axillaries and the corresponding portions of the distal edge of i Bn are also turned upward to the same height as the lateral edges; the eversion of the latter is most marked just, over the ends of the basal rays and gradually decreases anteriorly to the distal corner of the lateral edge of the axillary; it is continued thence along the sides of the first four brachials; the inner lateral edges of the first live brachials are similarly modified. The ten arms are, in the type, 105 mm. long. Type locality.— ' Siboga" Station No. 21)7. Strotometra priamus sp. nov. The centrodorsal is very low hemispherical, almost discoidal, 1.5 mm. to 2 mm. in diameter; the cirrus sockets are arranged in one and a partial second marginal row, alternating and closely crowded. The cirri are xvn, 11-12, S mm. to 11 mm. long, slender, with elon- gated segments; the first segment is very short, dorsally expanded into a rounded knob-like process; the second is not quite so long as broad; the third is twice as long as the median diameter ; the remainder are very slightly shorter, becoming a trifle longer again, about two and one half times as long as broad, on the antepenultimate and penultimate; the penultimate is less in lateral diameter than the preceding; the third and following are moderately constricted centrally with prominent distal ends, this feature gradually decreasing distally; there are no dorsal processes; the opposing spine is prominent, terminal, directed obliquely forward, the proximal profile convex and the distal concave; the base occupies only slightly more than one third of the dorsal surface of the penultimate segment. The ends of the basal rays are visible as small hut prominent tubercles in the angles of the calyx; the radials are concealed by the centrodorsal: the i Bn are short, about four times as broad as long in the median line; the proximal border is slightly convex, usually becoming straight in the lateral quarters; the lateral edges of each t Bn make a considerable angle with each other, but are in close apposition with those of the adjacent i Br, ; they are turned outward and produced as in Gly/itometra lateralis; the distal edge is sometimes obscurely scalloped in the lateral thirds, and is slightly concave centrally for the receipt of a rounded posterior process from the axillary; the axillaries are exceedingly short, aboul two and one half times as broad as long: their lateral edges form a continuous line with those of the I Bn and are about half as long as the latter; they are similarly turned outward and produced, this feature continuing inward 82 Clark — Six New East Indian Crinoids. along the proximal border about as far as the median third ; the distal edges are slightly everted. The ten arms are 40 mm. long; the first bracbial has the proximal and distal edges parallel; it is in close apposition with its neighbors both internally and externally; the proximal edge is slightly everted; the outer edge is turned outward and produced, like the outer edges of the preceding ossicles; the inner edge is similarly, though less, turned outward and produced; the synarthrial tubercles are small and well rounded, but rather prominent; the second brachial is similar to the first, but about twice as long exteriorly as interiorly; the third and fourth (the first syzygial pair) are together roughly oblong, about two and one half times as broad as long, tbeir lateral edges being modified as in the two preced- ing; the following three brachials are wedge-shaped, about twice as broad as the maximum length, with the dorsal surface convex and the distal edge therefore prominent; after the tenth the brachials become triangu- lar, about as long as broad, later very obliquely wedge-shaped and toward the end of the arms twice as long as broad. Pi is o mm. long with thirty-five segments, very slender and delicate, resembling, except for the absence of the enlargement of the first two segments, Pi in Calometra ; the earlier segments are broader than long, the seventh or eighth and following about as long as broad; Ps is 6 mm. long with eighteen segments of which the sixth-eleventh are greatly pro- duced ventrally forming a roof over the gonads, which are also protected by a heavy ventral plating; the terminal seven segments are very small and delicate; Pa is similar, 4.5 mm. long with fourteen segments, of which the sixth-tenth are greatly expanded ; P4 is 4 mm. long with thirteen seg- ments, the fifth-ninth expanded; P5 is 3 mm. long with ten segments, none of which are expanded; the distal pinnules are 5 mm. long with eleven or twelve segments. Type locality— "Siboga" Station No. 266. Strotometra ornatissimus sp. now The centrodorsal is flattened hemispherical 2.5 mm. in proximal diam- eter, with the dorsal pole slightly convex; the cirrus sockets are arranged in one and a partial second closely crowded and irregular marginal row. The cirri are about xv (there are twenty-two cirrus sockets, but some of them are not of full size); the longest stump is 4.5 mm. to the distal dorsal edge of the fifth segment; the first segment is about twice as broad as long, the second about as long as the median diameter, centrally con- stricted, the third about twice as long as the median diameter centrally constricted with the distal end especially prominent as in the second, the fourth about three times as long as the median diameter, similar to the third, the fifth similar to the fourth but not quite so much constricted centrally and hence appearing slightly broader in lateral view. The radials are just visible beyond the edge of the centrodorsal ; the 1 Bn are short, about four times as broad as the median length, the proxi- mal border produced into a thin straight margin, the lateral borders Clark — Six New East Indian Crinoids. 83 r slightly more produced and turned outward; the axil laries form a broad inverted "V"; the lateral edges, which are half again as long as those of the I I>n are, like them, turned outward and are straighl or hear two or three broad scallops; the lateral thirds of the proximal border are produced and extended downward over the distal border of the i Bn with a scalloped or tubercular edge which is nearly parallel to the correspond- ing distal face; the distal sides of the axillaries are plain and unmodified. The ten arms are about 40 mm. Ions; the first brachial has the proxi- mal and distal edges parallel, the outer edge slightly produced and faintly scalloped, the inner edges in apposition, in their distal half everted and scalloped; a similar distance of the inner portion of the distal edge is similarly everted and scalloped, and the internal distal angle is rounded, so that the inner distal angle is produced into a rounded thin scalloped process; the proximal and distal borders, other than above described, are unmodified; the second brachial is about as large as the first, slightly wedge-shaped; the distal edge is everted and stands out at right angles to the dorsoventral axis of the arm as an enormous thin rounded or fan-shaped crest with a rounded or broadly scalloped edge, sometimes divided in the middle, which may reach 1.5 mm. in height, or three or four times the greater (outer) length of the ossicle; the proximal outer corner of the ossicle is slightly produced over the distal outer corner of the first brachial, and is scalloped or slightly tuberculated ; the produced inner distal angles of the first brachials reach as far as the base of the distal crest on the second; the third brachial (the hypozygal of the first syzygial pair) is oblong, unmodified, very short, five or six times as broad as long; the fourth brachial (the epizygal of the first syzygial pair) is very short, oblong, little if any larger than the preceding brachial, but with the distal border everted and produced into an enormous crest similar to, and nearly or quite as large as, that on the second brachial; the fifth brachial is slightly wedge-shaped with a crest about half as high as that on the preceding brachial and more irregular; the sixth brachial has a strongly produced and thickened distal edge which is coarsely scalloped; the seventh brachial is slightly wedge-shaped, two to two and one half times as broad as long, unmodified, with the distal edge slightly produced and finely spinous; after the tenth or twelfth the brachials become trian- gular, about as long as broad, and after four or five more very obliquely wedge-shaped and longer than broad, less obliquely wedge-shaped and longer distally ; the brachials beyond the sixth are almost smooth, with only slightly produced and finely spinous distal ends. Type locality. — "Siboga" Station No. 122. Vol. XXV, pp. 85-86 May 4, 1912 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW PIMA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. BY J. C. PHILLIPS. In January, 1912, I received from Mr. E. W. Funcke the skin and skull of an adult male puma from Lower California. The locality is Calmalli, a small place at about latitude 28° 40'. The small size and round shape of this skull immediately struck the eye, and more careful comparison shows the form it represents to he deserving of specific rank. The puma is probably a rare animal throughout the entire length of the peninsula, hut I am informed by Mr. W . \V. Brown, Jr., that it occurs even south to the vicinity of Cape St. Lucas. The form being undescribed, I name it: Felis improcera pp. nov. Type, adult male, skin and skull, M. C. Z. No. 12,704, from Calmalli, Lower California; collected September, 1911, by E. W. Funcke Gt neral characters. — Size small, much smaller than F. browni Merriam, uf the Colorado bottom, with teeth relatively ami actually larger. Color. — Dark fawn color (Ridgway), darker along the* back where it is mixed with dusky tipped hairs. General color less reddish than in F. azteca. Tail bicolored, ending in a conspicuous black tip, the hairs of which are three centimeters long. ' ranial characters. — Skull very small. General shape rounder and less elongate than in either F. browni or /•'. a:lera. Nasals shorter and nar- rower, audita! bullae very large ami much inflated, anterior nares small ami round and upper part of ascending branch of premaxilla facing more forward than in other forms. Inferior lateral prolongation of nasals thin and short, and entirely internal to maxillary process. Cranial measurements. — Basal length, L50 millimeters ; palatal length, 7'_': palatal length from.gnathon to tip of hamalar process, 105; length nf nasals, 55; zygomatic width. 1l'! ; least width of nasals ( noddle part ), 14; width of anterior nares, 27; length of anterior nares, 31; length of 14— Proc. Biol. ><>r. Wash.. Vol. XXV, 1912. (85) 86 Phillips — A New Puma from Lower California. lower tooth row from back of first molar to front of canine, 69; length of upper tooth row, 60; length of ramus of lower jaw, from condyle to base of incisor 1, 125; width between postorbital processes of parietals, 68; greatest width of palate outside tooth row, 76. Measurements in the flesh were not taken. Pltoc. BlOL. Soc. Wash., Vol. XXV, KIlL'. Plate V. Felis improcera Type. Reduced. Vol. XXV, pp. 87-92 May 4, 1912 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEW SPECIES AND SUB- SPECIES OF BIRDS FROM TROPICAL AMERICA. BY ROBERT RIDGWAY, Curator, Division of Birds. U. S. National Museum. [Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.] The following new species and subspecies have been noted during the preparation of Part VI of "Birds of North and Middle America." As the completion of this volume is still some months distant, it is thought desirable to publish the new forms without delay. Capito aurantiiventris sp. nov. Type from an unknown locality in the Upper Amazon Valley.* Xo. 7601, coll. Mus. Comp. Zool. Collected by Newton Dexter. Agreeing with C. peruvianus ( ?) from eastern Ecuador, etc., in orange- red throat (unspotted in both sexes), but differing in having the forehead wax yellow instead of reddish orange, rump streaked with golden yellow or orange instead of sulphur yellow, and the abdomen and Hanks crossed by a broad hand of orange-yellow or yellowish orange instead of being pale sulphur yellow, passing into white posteriorly. Measurements of type. — Wing, 83; tail, 50.5; culmen (from base), 22.5; tarsus, 22; outer anterior toe, 19.5. Capito auratus bolivianus suhsp. nov. Type from Rio Beni, Bolivia. Xo. 47,.'!7!>, Mus. Comp. Zoology; adult male. ( Native skin. ) Differing from C. a. auratus of eastern Peru and Ecuador to Colombia, •According to information received from Mr. Bangs, the specimens collected by Newton Dexter, while accompanj ing tin- Thayer Expedition, were mostly made on the Rio Negro and Rio Tapaj6s, ami Mr. Hangs thinks the bird designated above came from somewhere along the latter. Unfortunately, through someone's carelessness, the original labels of the specimens of birds in the collection were all removed, so there is now no record of the localities or other data. l.")— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XXV. L912. (*7) 88 Ridgway — New Species of Birds from Tropical America. Venezuela, and the Guianas, in deep russet, instead of olive-yellowish, pilemn and darker color of tail and remiges. Measurements of type. — Wing (outer primaries wanting); tail, 35; cul- men (from base), 24.5; tarsus (feet wanting). Aulacorhynchus prasinus virescens subsp. now Type from Chasniguas, Honduras. No. 120,263, V. S. Nat. Mus., adult female. Collected by E. Wittkugel, .Tan. 2, 1891. Differing from A. p. prasinus, of southeastern Mexico, in smaller size (except hill and feet), relatively much shorter tail, deeper chestnut of under tail-coverts, and more yellowish green of under parts (the chest never tinged with blue), and white of throat of a yellowish hue, especially next to the green of lower foreneck. Measurements of type. — Wing, Hi); tail. 104.5; culmen, 58; tarsus, 34; outer anterior toe, 26. The average measurements of four adult males of the same form from northern Nicaragua, compared with those of six adult males of A. p. prasinus from Vera Cruz and rive from Chiapas and Guatemala, are as follows: Four adult males from Nicaragua: Wing, 122.1; tail, 108; culmen, 74.7 ; tarsus, :'>4.4. Five adult males from Chiapas and Guatemala: Wing, 132.5; tail, 122.2; culmen, 74. f>; tarsus, 33.0. Six adult males from Vera Cruz: Wing, 120.2; tail, 113.4; culmen, 7:;.l ; tarsus, 34.1. Pteroglossus torquatus erythrozonus subsp. nov. Type from Temax, Yucatan. Xo. 106,310, TT. S. National Museum ; adult; collected by ; tail, 210; exposed culmen, 41 ; tarsus, 22; middle toe, 17. o. Antrostomus nelsoni sp. nov. Type from Chichen-Itza, Yucatan. No. 40,0!)."., coll. Mus. Comp. Zool. Adult male. March 29, 1904. Collected by L. J. Cole. Resembling A. salvini Hartert in size and general coloration, but differing conspicuously in the much greater extent and different pattern of the white terminal areas to lateral rectriees, which extend farther from the tip on inner webs than on the outer; in the broad and conspicuous unbroken collar of tawny-ochraceous across hindneck, and immaculate, instead of barred, under tail-coverts. Measurements of type. — Wing, 177; tail, 128; exposed culmen, 13.5; tarsus, 17.5; middle tor, 17. This is the bird which Mr. Nelson, in describing his A. notabilis (from Tamaulipas), considered to be the J. salvini of Hartert; but since the latter was based exclusively and explicitly on the A. macromystax (not Caprimulgus macromystax Wagler) of Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, which is the same as .1. notabilis, it is very obvious that Mr. Nelson made an error in the case, the exceeding poor colored figure in the ' Biologia Centrali-Americana " having misled him. It is barely possible that A. nelsoni may prove to be the male of A. badius Bangs from British Honduras, hut the general coloration of the latter is very much more rufescent and the two are just as likely to prove quite distinct. Unfortunately the type and only known specimen of A. badius is a female (though erroneously determined as male), so that we are a.s yet ignorant as to the color-pattern of the tail in the male of that form. Nyctidromus albicollis nelsoni subsp. nov. Type from city of Colima, Colima, southwestern Mexico. No. 154,746, coll. I*. S. Nat. Mus. (Biological Survey coll.). Adult male; March 26, L892; collected by E. W. Nelson. Hidgway — New Species of Birds from Tropical America. 91 Decidedly larger and paler than N. a. albieollis, the tawny phase averaging lighter and brighter in color, with buff margins to scapulars broader; gray phase similar in coloration to AT. a. merrilli 1 n it much smaller. Measurements of type. — Wing, l(>2; tail, 155; exposed culmen, 12; tarsus, 2.V. middle toe, 20.5. Nyctidromus albieollis sumichrasti subsp. nov. Type from Teapa, Tabasco, southeastern Mexico. No. 1 <»«>,*>*><> , coll. ('. S. Nat. Mns. (Biol. Surv. coll.). Adult male March 10, 1900. Collected by Nelson and Goldman. Similar in coloration to N. a. albieollis, but much larger; similar in size tu A7, a. nelsoni and .V. a. yucatanensis, but much darker. Measurements of type. — Wing, L72.5; tail, 169.5; exposed culmen, 13; tarsus, 25; middle toe, 20.5. The recognizable forms of this species occurring from Panama north- ward arc as follows: 1. Nyctidromus ir5 ; tail, 185; exposed culmen, 21.5; tarsus, 10.5; middle toe, 19. A specimen from Bogota, Colombia (no. 4:5*4, coll Am. .Mus. X. II.), is evidently the same species, but may represent a different subspecies. It differs in having the middle wing-covert area nearly pine white, and the posterior under parts apparently white and with less heavy markings; much of the plumage of the under parts is wanting, however. It measures: Wing, 265; tail, 1ST; exposed culmen, 23; tarsus, 9.5; middle toe, 19.5. Vol. XXV, pp. 93-96 May 4, 1912 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON GENERAL NOTES. THE TRINIDAD OPOSSUM ON MARTINIQUE.* The large Trinidad opossum ( Didelphis marsupialis insuloris) has been recorded by various authors from the West Indian islands Dominica, Grenada, and St. Vincent, but there appears to be no published account of the species on Martinique. In the collection of the United States National Museum are three specimens of this opossum with records as follows: Nos. 5860 and 5861, 9 and juv., "Martinique, Com. Perry," catalogued in 1862; and No. 13,038, $, "Martinique, W. I., August, 1878, F. A. Ober." —.V. Hollister. THE MONA MONKEY ON THE ISLAND OF ST. KITTS.* There is, apparently, no published record of the Mona Monkey on the island of St. Kitts, West Indies. In Dr. Glover M. Allen's recently pub- lished "Mammals of the West Indies," the Green Guenon is recorded from this island, as well as from Barbados, and the Mona is recorded from Grenada. In the United States National Museum collection, in addition to specimens of the Green Guenon, is a skin of the Mona ( Lasiopyga mona) collected on St. Kitts in 1880 by Mr. Fred A. Ober. —N. Hollister. TWO GENERA OF BATS NEW TO MIDDLE AMERICA. In the recent collections of mammals made by E. A. Goldman in con- nection with the Smithsonian Biological Survey of the Canal Zone, are species of two S >uth American genera of hats not heretofore known from Middle or North America. One is Dirias minor (Osgood) recently de- scribed from Encontrados, Zulia, Venezuela, and represented in Gold- man's collection by a single male specimen from Empire, Canal Zone, where it was captured February 16, 1912. The other is Macrophyllum macrophyllum (Wied) described from Brazil and of which two specimens were collected in the ruins of the old city of Panama February 7, L912. I am indebted to Mr. Gerrit S. .Miller, Jr.. for calling my attention to these additions to the Panama fauna, early publication of w hich is desira- ble in connection with other work now in progress. — E. W. Nelson. * Published bj permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. 16— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XXV, 1912. (93) 04 General Notes. THE GENERIC NAMES CERCOMYS AND PROECHIMYS. In a paper published in 1899 Dr. J. A. Allen* reviewed the generic name- Echimys and Loncheres, and after showing that the name Echimys is inapplicable to the group containing Echimys cayennensis and other species he proposed Proechimys, instead, with Echimys trinitatis as type lie seems, however, to have overlooked the genus Cercomys F. Cuvier,t which dates from 1829. The original description of Cercomys is accom- panied l>y a plate illustration of an animal of the type currently recog- nized as Proechimys; but more reliable evidence of the identity of these genera is afforded in the illustrations of cranial characters published by Cuvier* in contrasting Cercomys with other genera in 1832. The skull figured is that of a young individual with the 3d upper molar not yet in place. In the lateral view the angular process is missing, doubtless hav- ing been broken off, and the imperfect nasals are indicated by a dotted line. The rnolariform teeth are well shown, and the resemblance to Proechimys trinitatus at the same stuge of development is very striking. The similarity of Cercomys and a spiny rat of this group in crania! characters was noted by ( runther,§ who in describing Echimys brevicauda, says: "The skull and dentition appear to differ scarcely from those of Cercomys cunicularius and Echimys cayennensis." Careful comparison of museum material with the descriptions and illustrations of F. Cuvier convinces me that Cercomys cunicularius and Proechimys trinitatis are congeneric, and that Cercomys should replace Proechimys as the generic name at least for the species having three enamel islands in the crowns of the first and second upper molars. In many forms this number of enamel islands is normally present in these teeth and has apparently be- come a lixed character while the number in the other rnolariform teeth is somewhat variable. —E. A. Goldman. FOSSIL CROCODILES FROM THE CANAL ZONE. The section of Vertebrate Paleontology of the U. S. National Museum has recently received from Mr. D. F. MacDonald, geologist for the Panama Canal Commission, two fossil crocodilians found in the canal excavations. Although fragmentary they are of interest as being the first fossil reptilian remains reported from this region. One specimen is from the Culebra formation, opposite Culefera, the other from the Gatun formation, Gatun Locks. Both represent crocodiles of robust propor- tions. — C. IF. Gilmore. ♦Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., XII, pp. 257-1264. + Hist. Nat. Mainm., VI, livr. LX, pi. (Cercomys du Bivsil) with 2 pp. text. Sept. 1829. X Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, I, 1832, pp. 449-452, pis. is tiff. 1, 19 tigs. 1-2. « Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 749. General Notes. 95 THE NAMES OF TWO NORTH A.MERICAN WOLVES. The technical names now in use for two of the wolves occurring in eastern North America arc clearly untenable. [n L761 * Buffon published an account of a melanistic.wolf brought alive to Paris from Canada by a French naval officer. The plate repre- senting this animal was copied by Schreber fifteen years later with the addition of the name Canis lycaon.i Although the name lycaon has been recently applied to the wolf <>t' the Pyrenees,! it must stand for the animal occurring in eastern Canada and the northeastern United States. 'Phis form, as pointed out by Baird,§ differs from western ami northern wolves in the weakness nf the rostral portion of the skull. In L829 Richardson described the melanistic phase of the wolf of .Mac- kenzie and Saskatchewan as [Cams lupus, occidentalis] var. R. Lupus at, i. He supposed that the same animal occurred throughout North America, and at the end of his account he men tinned that : " it is reported to he plentiful in Florida, when', according to Bartram, the females are distinguished by a white spot on the breast."|l ()n the strength of this final statement Bangs restricted the name ater to the wolf of Florida. IT Tin- course is obviously not in harmony with the spirit of the Inter- national Code. Art. 30. There can be little if any doubt that a specific name like a generic name must, under the code, he applied to an animal known at first hand by the original author, when, as in the present case, there is choice between such an animal and others known from literature only. The Florida wolf is thus left without a technical name, since the Canis lycaon P americana applied to it by Hamilton Smith in 1827** is invalidated by the Canis alopex americanus of Kerr, 1791, ft and the Canis familiaris u ainericanus of Gmelin, L788. + * It may he known as Canis floridanus.§§ — Gerrit S. Milter, Jr. * Hist. Nat.. IX, pp. 362-370, pi. XI. r. Baugthiere, pi. LXXXIX (only vernacular name used in text, III. p. 353), 1776. Droi -art. Faune Ma mm. d 'Europe, p. 90, 1910. § Mamm. North A.mer'., p. 108, 1857. Fauna Boreali-Americana, pp. 70-72, 1829. ' Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. lli.-t.. XXVIII, p. 233, March. 1898. "Griffith's Cuvier, Animal Kingdom, Y, p. in. [lima! Kingdom, p. 1 12. tt sysi. Nat., 13th ed., I. p. 69. % Type adult female (skin and skull) No. U. S. National Museum, Horse Landing, St. Johns River, Florida, August 12, 1890, presented i>.\ Dr. \v. I.. Ralph, light buffygraj Painty clouded with black on upperparts; muzzle, legs and feel with strong ochraceous wash, skull and teeth much as in Canis lycaon. but premolars larger and upper carnassial less robust; condylobasal length a I if tut 216 mm., zygoma ; i'- breadth 121 .") mm. 96 General Notes. THE EARLIEST NAME FOR THE CAPE RATEL. The name now in general use for the Cape Honey-Ratel, Mellivora ratel (Sparrman). Kongl. Vet. Acad. Handl. 1777, Stockholm, p. 147, 1777, is antedated by Viverra capensis Schreber. Die Saugthiere, plate 125. Of late years this latter name lias been placed in synonymy, as dating from 177S; but according to Sherborn (P. Z. S., is'.)], p. 588) the plate was published in 1 776. It is obvious that Mellivora capensis (Schreber), type locality Cape of Good Hope (Schreber, III, p. 451), is the proper name for the Cape Ratel. — A'. Hollister. A NEW RECORD FOE MICROSOREX IN NEW YORK. While studying the series of long-tailed shrews belonging to the Lee Museum of Biology at Bowdoin College, I was surprised to find a skin and skull of Microsorex hoyi from Canton, New York, received from Miss M. South worth, November 9, 190:5. Through correspondence with Miss Southworth I have learned that the shrew was brought in by the house cat "on an eighty acre farm, well tilled and very level, with no rocks nor woods, and, no doubt, it was caught in a meadow, as the house is surrounded by meadows." Canton appears to he the second locality in New York State from which Microsorex has been obtained, C. H. Merriam* having recorded three specimens from Locust Grove. — Manton Copeland. * North American Fauna, No. in. 1895, p. 90. Vol. XXV, pp. 97-102 May 4, 1912 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON / DIAGNOSES OF SOME NEW GENERA OF AMERICAN- BIRDS . RY ROBERT RIDGWAY, Curator, Division of Birds, U. S. National Museum. [Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.] In preparing keys to the genera of families to be included in Part VI of the "Birds of North and Middle America," the writer has found it necessary to establish several new groups, which are briefly diagnosed below. Ecchaunornis gen. nov. Type, Bucco radiatus Sclater. Similar to Nyslalus Cabanis and Heine,* but differing in relatively much shorter and less compressed l>ill (culmen, from base, much less than half as long as wing), its width at nostrils equal t<> about one-third the length of exposed culmen. (Ekxo-vvoui, T puff up; 8pvis, a bird. ) Species: Ecchaunornis radiatus (Sclater); Ecchaunornis radiatus ful- i idus (Salvin and Godman ). Systellura gen. nov. Type. Stenopsis ruficervix Sclater. Nearest Stenopsis, but differing in the relatively much shorter and less distinctly emarginate tail and very different style of coloration, the sexes not conspicuously different in color and the adult male with lateral rec- trices not mostly white. ( I would restrict Steno]>sis to S. cayennensis, with, possibly, *S'. candi- cans, a species I have not been able to examine. ) (2u06s. straight; ^Itt&kti, a parrot.) Species: Orthopsittaca manilata (Boddaert I. Thectocercus gen. nov. Type, Psittacus acnticaudatus Vieillot. Differing from Conurus Kuhl in having the maxilla swollen laterally, much wider than deep at base, broadly arched in transverse section, its tip attenuated, acute, and ridged; feathers of cheeks narrow, dis- 100 Ridgway — Diagnoses of New Genera of American Birds. tinctly outlined, cere naked behind nostrils, and inner webs of rectrices mostly red. (Qtjkt6s, sharp; KipKos, tail.) Species: Thectocercus acuticaudatus (Vieillot). Psilopsiagon gen. nov. Type, Trichoglossus aurifrons Wagler. Differing from Bolborhynchus Bonaparte in having the feathers of the cheeks short (normal), not covering sides of mandible; tail shorter than wing; bill relatively longer and narrower, the length of cnlmen nearly equal to that of tarsus, and much greater than width of mandible at base, the tip of maxilla (unguis) narrow, obtusely pointed, no gray on cheeks, throat, etc., nor brown on pileum, the latter green, the primaries bine. (^iX6s, naked; cnayuiv, jaw bone.) Species: Psilopsiagon aurifrons ( Wagler). Grammopsittaca gen. nov. Type, Psittacula lineola Cassin. Nearest Psilopsiagon but differing from both that genus and Bolbo- rhynchus in having the cere much less tumid, broadly subfusiform (by encroachment of frontal feathering on posterior portion), tail not more than two-thirds (sometimes but little more than half) as long as wing, graduated for much less than half its length; tarsus much shorter than outer front toe without claw; and plumage without either gray or yellow (green, sometimes barred or spotted with black ). (T pafi/j.7] , line; ^Ittolkti, a parrot. ) Species: (1) Grammopsittaca lineola (Cassin); (2) Grammopsittaca andicola (Finsch). Nannopsittaca gen. nov. Type, Brotogerys panychlorus Salvin and Godman. Differing from Urochroma Bonaparte in having the bill much more slender, the depth of maxilla at base equal to much less than half the length (chord) of cnlmen, the latter less strongly declined ; tarsus as long as outer front toe without claw; tenth (outermost) primary with inner web emarginated near tip; orbital region mostly feathered; rectrices wholly green, and si/.e smaller (wing less than 95 mm. ). The type species of this genus has hitherto been referred either to Bro- togerys or Bolborhynchus, but evidently it is far more closely allied to Urochroma, from which, however, it is very distinct generically. CN&wos, dwarf; flTrdKij, a parrot. ) Species: Nannopsittaca panychlora (Salvin and Godman). liapalopsittaca gen. nov. Type, Psittacus amazoninus Des Murs. Differing from Pionopsitta Bonaparte (type and only species Psittacus Ridgway — Diagnoses of New Genera of American Birth. 101 pileatus Scopoli) in having the l>ill relatively much narrower, with max- illa compressed laterally, its width at base equal to luit little mure than half the length (chord) of gonys and much less than three-fourths the length (chord) of culmen ; maxillary tomium without distinct, if any, post-ungual notch or " tooth " ; base of mandible beneath narrowly and deeply concave ; tenth ( outermost ) primary equal to seventh ; lores densely feathered; auricular feathers narrow, somewhat elongated; tail dusky blue distally, dusky red proximally, and sexes alike in color. ('A7ra\6s, delicate; v^tt-cU^, a parrot. ) Species: Hapalopsittaca amazonina (Des Mnrs). Vol. XXV, pp. 103-106 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON DESCRIPTIONS OF FIVE NEW BIRDS FROM THE WEST COAST OF SUMATRA. BY CHARLES W. RICHMOND. Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.] The following descriptions of supposed new subspecies from islands off the west coast of Sumatra have been in manuscript for several years. They are based chiefly upon collections made by Dr. W. L. Abbott in 1903 and 1904, the first collection received from Dr. Abbott having been reported upon in 1903 (Proc. U. S. Nat, Museum, XXVI, pp. 485-524). Muscadivores consobrina babiensis subsp. nov. Type, No. 179,057, V. S. Nat. Mas., adult male, Palo Babi, northwest coast of Sumatra, January 13, 1902; Dr. W. L. Abbott. Closely related to M. c. consobrina (Salvadori), but somewhat larger. Length (in flesh), 4:!2; wing, 245; tail, 149; tarsus, 35; culmen,24mm. A female measures: Length, 419; wing, 234; tail, 139; tarsus, .">)!; cul- men, 26. An adult male from the neighboring island of Lasia is even larger than the type: Length, 445; wing, 246; tail, 147; tarsus, 35.5; culmen, 25. Five specimens of this subspecies were obtained by Dr. Abbott on Babi anil Lasia. They have been compared with over forty good examples of M. c. consobrina from Simalur, Nias, Lata and Pagi islands, and arc larger than any of the latter. The measurements of M. c. consobrina vary as follows: Length (in flesh), males, 390-430; females, 385-410; wing, males. 218-241; females, 215-231; tail, males, 11S-140; females, 120-129 mm. The two little islets, Babi and Lasia, off the southeast coasl of Simalur, are also the home of Palseornis major, a large form of P.fasciatus, and Hypothymis abbotti, one of the largest species of its genus. L8— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XXV, 1912. (103) 104 Richmond — New Birds from the West Coast of Sumatra. Thriponax javensis biittikoferi subsp. nov. Type, No. 179,685, U. S. Nat. Mus., adult male, Siaba Bay, Nias Island, March 18, 1903; W. L. Abbott and C. B. Kloss. Similar to T. j. javensis (Horsfield), but with the thighs and flanks uniform burl', without blackish bars or spots. Length (in flesh), 462; wing, 228; tail, 167; tarsus, 38.5; culmen, 57 mm. Three adults only were collected, but Dr. Abbott notes it as " common " on Nias, and Dr. Biittikofer has already recorded* presumably the same form from the island under the name T. javensis. Dicaeum sumatranum batuense subsp. nov. Type, No. 180,073, IT. S. Nat. Mus., adult male, Pulo Pinie, Batu Is- lands, west coast of Sumatra, March 3, 1903 ; W. L. Abbott and C. B. Kloss. Near Dicseum s. sumatranum Cabanis, but bill smaller; center of chin, throat and chest burly white, as in D. cruentatum (but the light area not so broad); sides of head, neck and body slightly darker than in D. s. sumatranum. Length (in flesh), DO; wing, 48; tail, 25; tarsus, 11; cul- men, 12 mm. The female is similar to D. cruentatum, but the white median line on the underparts is narrower. Both D. s. sumatranum and the new form differ from D. cruentatum in having the red of the upper- parts lighter, with the sides of the neck, body and flanks smoky gray instead of blackish; the scapulars have a greenish (instead of bluish) gloss, and the forehead is black. Alcedo meninting proximo subsp. nov. Type, No. 17!), 777, U. S. Nat. Mus., adult male, North Pagi Island, west coast of Sumatra. January 4, 1903; Dr. W. L. Abbott. Differs from Alcedo m. meninting Horsfield, in having a greenish tinge to the feathers of the crown (present in some specimens of the latter, however), and a generally lighter and more greenish shade to the blue colors of the upper surface (scapulars, wing-coverts, outer webs of sec- ondaries, etc. ). The spots on the wing-coverts are more pronounced, and lighter in color. Length (in flesh), 169; wing, 71; tail, 28; tarsus, 9.5; culmen, 47 mm. Five specimens were procured, and Dr. Abbott noted the form as "common'' on the Pagis. No direct comparison has been made with A. m. rujigastra Walden,t but judging from the descriptions alone it appears to be not the same, and the Pagi Islands are considerably beyond the known range of A. m. rujigastra. * Notes Leyden Museum, XVIII, 1896, 170. t Alcedo beavani Walden is simply a substitute name for A. rujigastra. Richmond — New Birds from the West Coast of Sumatra. 105 Copsychus saularis pagiensis subsp. nov. Type, No. 180,077, CJ. S. Nat. Mus., adult male, North Pagi Island, west coast of Sumatra, December 22, 1902; l>r. W. L. A.bbott. Colors nearly as in C. saularis musicus (Horsfield), but the areas of glossy black are more inclined to greenish, and the sides of the body are washed with gray, paler than in C. s. musicus. Size considerably larger than in the latter. Length (in liesh), 252; wing, 113; tail, 100; tarsus, 32.5; culmen, 2!».5 (bill, from gape, 33.5) mm. The female measures: Length (in flesh), 243; wing, 111; tail, 97.5; tarsus, 31; culmen, 27.5 mm. A male of C. s. musicus, from Loh Sidoh Bay, west Sumatra, measures: Length (in flesh), 235; wing, 100; tail, 93; tarsus, 32.5; cul- men, 24 (hill, from gape, 27.5) mm. Only one pair collected, and Dr. Abbott refers to it as "not common, a few about the clearings." Vol. XXV, pp. 107-108 June 29, 1912 PROCEEDINGS H K I'll R BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW SUBSPECIES OF PRONGHORN ANTELOPE FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. BY E. \V. NELSON. This subspecies is based on a scries of twelve specimens, all from the type locality and neighboring district, now in the Biological Survey Collection. Comparisons were made with aboul an equal series of mexicana ami an even larger number of (initriniiiii from various pails of the western United States. Antilocapra americana peninsularis subsp. nov. Type No. 17S,445, adult male, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, from t"> miles south of Calmalli, Lower California, Mexico; collected February 4, 1912, by E. W. Funcke. Distribution. — Middle Lower California, south to the head of Ballenas Lay in about L'70 north latitude, and north on the west coast to about 29 30'; on the -nil side to beyond 32°, to the southern end of the Colo- rado 1 >esert. Subsp* rijir characters. — Compared with typical Antilocapra americana from North Dakota the present form agrees in the dark sooty brown facial markings strongly contrasting with the surrounding white and dark reddish-buff areas (facial area distinctly paler in mexicana); ears of peninsularis much darker about tips; in typical americana as well as in mexicana, terminal half of ears bordered with a narrow I. lack line and a leu scattered black hairs on outside (hack), in peninsularis this black border much heavier and terminal third of outside (or hack) mainly blackish, the terminal inch commonly nearly pure black ; in americana rufous area on top of tail extends forward partly dividing white rump patch but usually becoming obsolescent before reaching rufous area on hack; in peninsularis tins rufous hand extends forward forming a strongly marked bar about an inch wide from tail to rufous of hack thus definitely dividing white rump patch ; horns of peninsularis shorter and actually as well as proportionately thicker laterally at base than in americana or mexicana, with the surface, up to prongs, much roughened 19— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XXV, 1912. (107) 108 Nelson — A Neiv Subspecies of Pronghorn Antelope. and covered with numerous small knobs and wart-like protuberances; horns in this form also average much more upright and less diverging than in either of the other forms; molar scries heavier than in americana and much heavier than in mexicana. Size about the same in all three subspecies. Remarks. — It was unexpected to find the antelope of the remote and excessively hot arid deserts of Lower California more like typical americana in the dark coloring of the head than like the pale mexicana. While the differences noted are not very striking they appear sufficient to char- acterize a good local form. Antelope formerly ranged over nearly the entire length of Lower California hut are now gone from a large part of their ancient range and their steadily decreasing numbers indicate their early extinction throughout the peninsula. Vol. XXV, pp. 109-110 June 29, 1912 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW SUBSPECIES OF MOUNTAIN SHEEP FlioM WESTERN TEXAS AND SOUTHEASTERN . NEW MEXICO. BY VERNON BAILEY, U. S. Biological Survey. In my report on the mammals of Texas* I referred the mountain sheep of the Guadalupe Mountains to Ovis mexicanus Merriam, mainly on a comparison of external characters in the old rams. Recently in taking the matter up more thoroughly I have had occasion to compare series of female skulls and find that they show excellent and very constant cranial characters, which in the old rams have become partially concealed by the excessive bone^growth and closely ankylosed sutures. In the light of these facts it is now impossible to refer the sheep from the Guadalupe Mountains of Texas and New Mexico to mexi- canus and equally so to auduboni or canadensis, 1" and a sub- specific name seems best to express its relationship. Its actual relationship with typical canadensis will not be known until much more critical work is done on the group with more material than has been brought together. The best cranial characters in mountain sheep arc shown by four- or live-year- old females, and if collectors will bear this in mind and save :it least as many females as males the future value of museum material will be greatly increased. Ovis canadensis texianus sul>s]>. nov. Type from Guadalupe Mountains, Texas, 9 ad. skin and skull, 118,255, I'. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, collected September 2, 1902, by Vernon Bailey. Original No. 7971. * Biological Survey of Texas. North American Fauna No. 25, U.S. Biological Survey, Dcpt. of Agric, Oct. 24. 1905. tin using the name canadensis instead of cervina lam Following tin' custom of the Biological Survey in not rejecting a name in good current use for one without a definite claim to prioritj . 20— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XXV, L912. (109) 110 Bailey — A New Subspecies of Mountain Sheep. General characters. — In size and general appearance very similar to Oris mexicanus, but slightly darker in coloration, with facial part of skull, nasals and palate extremely narrow. Color. — In specimen collected September 2, upper parts, except the usual large white rump patch, dull huffy brown or soiled brownish gray; nose whitish; rump patch pure white with medium dark line very narrow and not continuous from tail to dark area of hack; belly white posteri- orly; whitish lines down inner side of hind legs to hoofs, and down front leys usually only to dewclaws (in the type reaching to the hoofs). Cranial characters. — Skull long and narrow, with the heavy molars of auduboni and mexicanus, hut different from all other species of the United States and Mexico in the relatively narrow muzzle, nasals ami palate in both sexes. Adult males with medium heavy pale yellowish horns as in mexicanus, hut face more concave; upper molars arranged in a nearly straight line. Adult female with long, thin, slender yellowish horns, face less Hat and orbits more prominent than in mexicanus; upper molar scries nearly straight, nasals conspicuously long and narrow. Measurements. — Type $, \yz years old, from dry specimen; total length, 1530; tail vertebrae imperfect; hind foot, 355; ear from notch, 90; from crown, 100. Adult male, topotype No. 110,388, measured dry; total lertgth, 1490; tail vertebrae 70; hind font, 370; ear from notch, 95; from crown, 110. Skull of type: basal length, 240; alveolar length of upper tooth row, 00; of lower tooth row, 02; width over orbits, L50; width at base of horns, 100; greatest width of nasals, 35; width of palate between alveoli of next to hind molars, 4i'. Skull of five-year-old male, topotype, No. 110,047; basal length, 270; alveolar length of upper tooth row, SO; of lower, 01; greatest width of nasals, 48; of palate, 40; circumference of horns at base of fourth annual ring, 345; at base of fifth annual ring, 300. Remarks.— The skull of the female in this form presents the opposite extreme from the conspicuously broad, flat face and nasals of merlon/ its and presents another extreme of difference from the dark horns, light and well arched molar series, small short nasals and wide rostrum of canadensis ; it agrees with auduboni of the northern Badlands only in the heavy dentition. Vol. XXV, pp. 111-114 June 29, 1912 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON NEW SPECIES OF ANISOPIi^E (RHYPHIP.E) FROM TROPICAL AMERICA. [DIPTERA; NEMOCERA.] BY FREDERICK KNAB. While the Anisopidae arc a very widely distributed group, but few species are known and very little is known of their life- histories. One of the species herein described (Anisopus pic- tuf(ifiis) is of special interest as having been bred from epiphytic Bromeliacise, the larvae presumably inhabiting the water which collects at the bases of the leaves. The second species is pecu- liar in its unusually robust make-up and in the general dark coloration. I am unable to follow Coquillett in adopting the name Sylvi- colse Harris for the genus generally called Rhyph/us ; the name hardly can be considered a generic one and does not appear to have been so intended by its author. In case Harris' name is used, it should be converted to the singular, Sylvicola. Neither can I accept Phryne, published by Meigen in 1800 without includinga species. Therefore I adopt Anisopus Meigen (1803), which has priority over Rhyphus Latreille (1805). Anisopus picturatus sp. nov. Mule. —Mouth-parts and palpi yellow. Antenna' with the scape yel- lowish brown, the flagellum black. Mesonoturn brownish black with two indistinct longitudinal stripes on the dorsum and the lateral margins yellowish brown. Scutellum yellowish brown, dark at base. Postnotum dull brownish yellow. Pleurseand cox?e-dull brownish Mack. Abdomen brown, the first segment brownish yellow except at base, the others with yellowish apical margin-. Wings subhyaline with a dull yellowish tinge and spotted with dull brown. Auxiliary vein contiguous with the lirst, or nearly so, in nearly 21— Pkoc. Biol. Soc. w.\sir.. Vol. XXV, 191J (111) 112 Knab — New Spirit* of Anisopidse from Tropical America. its whole length. Tlie costal cell is entirely and uniformly brown. There is a large dark brown spot at the apex of the marginal cell and another at its middle, both extending over diffusedly into the snbmarginal cell; base of marginal cell clear. The veins limiting outwardly the basal and discal cells enclosed in deep brown spots. A narrow, dark spot crosses the first posterior cell obliquely below the apical spot of the marginal cell; another similar spot crosses the second and third posterior cells farther out, about at their middle. At the tip of the wing, independent of all these spots, is a broad brown area, sharply and darkly limited in- wardly on the submarginal and first posterior cells, becoming paler ami indistinct outwardly and posteriorly. Lower branch of the fifth vein margined with brown beyond the furcation. Ilalteres pale. Legs ochreous yellow marked with brownish black. Anterior legs with the femora and tibife yellow, the tarsi with the tip of the first and all of the succeeding joints infuscated. Middleand hind femora yellow at base, dark beyond, a yellow ring beforeapex. Middle tibiae yellow, with an indistinct dark ring at base and apex. Hind tibia? with distinct ami broader dark basal and apical rings. Middle and hind tarsi with apices of first and second joints dark, the last three joints strongly infuscated. Length: body, about iimtiis occultus for the second of these new subspecies. —K. II'. Nelson. THE TECHNICAL NAME OF THE TASMANIAN DEVIL. In 1903* I gave to the Tasmanian Devil the specific name of satanicus in substitution for that of urs inus, which,, though in use since 1 SOS, was technically inadmissible because of its earlier use for the Tasmanian Wombat. Now, however, I find to my regret that another change is necessary owing to an overlooked name, given in a semi-popular work, having been in existence since L842, and therefore long antedating satanicus. This is: Ursinus harrisi, Boitard, Jardin des Plantes, p. 290, 1842. The generic name Ursinus is a synonym of Sarcophilus ( is:1,?), but the specific name would be valid, and the name of the Tasmanian Devil should therefore be Sarcophilus harrisi Boitard. —Oldfield Thomas. * Ann. Mag. N. H. (7), XI, p. 289, 1903. General Notes. 117 THECRANIALAND DENTAL CHARACTERS OF CHILOPHYLLA* A small leaf-nosed bat representing the new genus ChilophylM was collected by Dr. Edgar A. Mearns on the Alag River, Mindoro, in De- cember, L906. The skull and body <>f this specimen have been mislaid or lust, and the cranial and dental characters of the genus have not yet been described. <>n July 6, 1911, Mr. Arthur de C. Sowerby obtained a second skin of Chilophylla at Port Swettenham , Federated Malay States. Externally this specimen (adult male, No. 175,000 U. S. N. M.) agrees so exactly with the type of C. hirsuta that I can detect no peculiarities that seem of specific importance. Its measurements, compared with those of the type (adult female) in parenthesis are: bead and body, L'!t (33); tail,— (7); tibia, 13.6(13.6); foot, 6.2 (6.4); forearm, 34.2 (33.8); thumb, 8.2 (8.2); its metacarpel, 6.2 (6.2); second finger, 33 (32); third finger: metacarpel, 20 (L'4.2); first phalanx, 6 (6.2); second phalanx, 22(22); fourth finger: metacarpel, '21 (25.4); first phalanx, 7.d (7.8); second phalanx, '.M' (8.6); fifth finger: metacarpel, 29 (27.4); first phalanx, 8.8 (8.4); second phalanx, 9 (10.2); ear from meatus, 14 (12); condylobasal length of skull, 13.0; zygomatic breadth, <>.<>; breadth across nasal swellings, :'>.(i; ihterorbital constriction, L'.O; breadth of braincase, (1. 4; mandible, 8.2; maxillary toothrow, 4.8; mandibular toothrow, 5.0. The skull of this specimen is perfect. It furnishes the following char- acters to complete the diagnosis of the genus: Skull like that of a small Hipposideros in general features, but with nasal swellings very small (even more reduced than in Cloeotis ; practically the entire swelling lies behind level of antorbital foramen), and maxillaries and premaxillaries conspicuously produced anteriorly, the length of premaxillary fully twice median length of palate, the distance from level of front of canines to upper margin of nares about l1^ times that from upper margin of nares to narrowest portion of interorbital constriction. Dental formula as in Hipposideros; upper canine strongly projecting forward, its shaft with large anterior and posterior secondary cusps, the points of which lie in same horizontal plane as points of paracones of molars; large premolar more reduced than in the related genera; posterior lower premolar with shaft compressed laterally, the form of the cusp without evident resem- blance to that of protoconid of first molar. — Gerrit S. Miller, Jr. * By permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. t Miller, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXXVIII, p.395. August 19, 1910. Vol. XXV, pp. 119-120 June 29, 1912 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON WOOTONELLA, A NEW GENUS OF CARDUACEAE. BY PAUL C. STANDLEY. [Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.] In 1853 Doctor Gray described, in the second part of Plantae Wrightianae, * a plant which lie called Ximenesia encelioides var. nana. The brief description reads: Caulibus depressis vel assurgcntibus vix spithameis; ramis monocepbalis ; lignlis parvis discum vix superantibus; acheniis dense pubescentibns pachypteris. The type locality is stated as "Around the dwellings of Prairie-dogs, between the Limpio and the Rio Grande," Texas. It is added that " Here this dwarf variety abundantly occurs, unmixed with the ordinary state of the species." Even this brief diagnosis shows that the plant is very unlike Ximenesia encelioides. Doctor Gray makes no mention of his var. nana in the Synoptical Flora; but Dr. B. L. Robinson, in his revision of the genus Verbesina,t recognizes it as a species, under the name Verbesina nana. The description given by the second author is incomplete in one or two particulars. The writer was puzzled for some time by an anomalous composite received from the Pecos Valley of eastern New Mexico, which, while manifestly related to the genera Ver- besina and Ximenesia, agreed with nothing in the Synoptical Flora. It was so unlike the common weed, Ximenesia exauricu- lata, that it was not once associated generically with that species, until a description of the plant was found in Doctor Robinson's monograph of the genus, and correlated with frag- mentary herbarium material of some of the collections cited. This comparatively rare plant differs in so many respects •PI. Wright. 2: 92. ■rProc. Amer. Acad. 34:513. 1899. 23— Pkoc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XXV, 1912. (119) 120 Standley — Wootonella, a New Genus of Carduaceae. from the genus Ximenesia, to which it is most closely related, that it seems worthy of generic rank. It is a perennial, propa- gating by slender rootstocks, while all the species of Ximenesia are annuals and of much greater stature. The paleae of the disk are very narrow (almost filiform) and persistent, rather than broad and deciduous. The wings of the achenes, also, are corky-thickened at the apex, while in Ximenesia they are comparatively thin. The most conspicuous difference is to be found in the development of tbe achenes: in Ximenesia all the flowers are fertile, while in this the disk flowers are sterile. The genus is named for Mr. E. O. Wooton, who first col- lected the plant in good fruit, near Artesia, New Mexico, in 1905. It is appropriate that a plant peculiar to the Southwest should be named for one who has done more than any other, or almost more than all others combined, to make known the flora of New Mexico. A genus Wootonia, also of the Cardu- aceae, named by Dr. E. L. Greene in 1898, proves to be the same as the older Dicranocarpus. Wootonella Standley. Low perennial, 20 cm. high or less, with slender deep-seated rootstocks; stems slender, simple or branched, ascending, canescent; lower leaves opposite, the upper alternate, 3 to 5 cm. long, irregularly dentate, nar- rowed into winged petioles, these mostly dilated and dentate at the base; heads large, 15 to 20 mm. broad, solitary, on naked terminal peduncles; bracts foliaceous, canescent, 8 to 15 mm. long, more or less unequal; rays rather pale yellow, conspicuously exceeding the involucre, toothed at the apex; ray flowers fertile, the disk flowers sterile; paleae very narrow, nearly filiform, persistent; achenes obovate or oblong, villous, broadly winged, the wings corky-thickened near the apex; pappus none. Wootonella nana (A. Gray) Standley. Ximenesia encelioides nana. A. Gray, PI. Wright. 2: 92. 1853. Yerbesina nana B. L. Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 543. 1899. The following specimens have been examined. Texas: Kent, 1902, Tracy & Earle 385; Mexican Boundary Survey 589. New Mexico: Artesia, August 2, 1905, Wooton. Mexico: La Ventura, Coahuila, 1896, E. IV. Nelson 391S. The New Mexican specimens are the only ones seen in which the heads are fully developed. The collections of the Mexican Boundary Survey are very immature. Specimens of this plant are rare in collections; but it is said to be a common weed in cultivated, usually alkaline, fields of the Pecos Valley. Vol. XXV, pp. 121-126 July 31, 1912 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON DESCRIPTION OF NEW FISHES OF BERMUDA BY TARLETON H. BEAN. In February, 1912, the author visited Bermuda at the request of the Fishery Board. During his stay at the islands a number of species of fishes were obtained through Mr. L. L. Mowbray, who is now director of the Boston Aquarium. The recent col- lections of Mr. Mowbray have added 34 species of fishes to the Catalogue which I published in 1906 in Vol. VII, No. 2, Zoological Series, Field Columbian Museum, Publication 108, bringing the total number of known species at the present time to 296. Some of the types of the new species are in the U. S. National Museum while others which are represented by only a single individual are in the Museum of the Bermuda Natural History Society. Of the species believed to be undescribed, the account of one, Emblemaria markii, is contributed by Mr. Louis L. Mow- bray. The entire list of additions to the fish fauna since the publication of the Catalogue of 1906 is as follows: Manta birostris Scomberomorus maculatus Ah! ia sp. nov. Ruvcttus pretiosus Lycodontis, resembiingverrUli Decapterus sandse-helense Channomursena vittata Muraena sp. nov. Snriliiirlhi pi /inula Lampa nyctus crocodilus Stolephorus ciridis Holocentrus puncticidatus Holocentrus brachypterus Pomatomus saltatrix Eiicrotus ventralis Pempheris midleri Parasphyrsenops atrima mis Alphestes afer Anthias louisi Lufianus hastingsi 24— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XXV. 1912. (121) 122 Bean — Description of New Fishes of Bermuda. Iridio ma,culipinna Lagocephalus pachycephalia Pseudoscarus plumbeus Pontinus microlepis Cdnthidermis sobaco Cyclopterus lumpus Cantherines pullus Lophogobius cyprinoides Alutera monoceros Eleotris pisonis Pseudomonacanthus amphioxus Emblemaria markii Ccelorhynchus occa Several unidentified species of Scopelidse are in the collection made by Mr. Mowbray so that there are really about 300 species of fishes that have been recognized in Bermuda by naturalists. Sardinella pinnula sp. nov. D. ii, 16; A. 16 (last two resembling finlets); V. 10; P. 16; scales 42. Head ±%. I depth 5 ; ventral scutes 19+lii. Head short; snout 3 in head; lower jaw little projecting; maxilla reaching to below front of eye, its width equal to % its length ; eye 3% in head; body slender, back straightish. Longest dorsal ray about % head, last rays % eYe \ ventral origin under 10th ray of dorsal, midway from tip of snout to caudal base, length of fin 2% in head. Scales very solid, striate; serrations of belly not strong. Anal base as long as head without snout, the last two rays produced and resembling finlets. Tongue and palate with small teeth; vomer toothless. Gillrakers long and num- erous. Steel blue above, silvery below, iridescent. Head, in spirits with golden tints; no opercular spot. This species is called the "Anchovy " at Hamilton, Bermuda. Numer- ous specimens were taken by Mr. L. L. Mowbray, February 17, 1912. The types of the species, 3% to b% inches long, are in the U. S. National Museum. No. 74,086. Stolephorus viridis sp. nov. "GREEN FRY." D. 12; A. 15-16; scales 42. Head 4 ; depth b% ; eye 3 in head ; snout slightly shorter than eye ; jaws nearly equal or the lower slightly projecting ; snout pointed. Top of head without keel, but with a network of pores which is continued upon and across the nape in a broad band. Maxillary with a few very small, weak teeth; mandible also with weak teeth. The maxillary ex- tends to below front of pupil, its posterior end blunt pointed; gillrakers numerous. Pectoral equal to head without snout, not reaching nearly toventrals; ventrals midway between caudal base and front of eye, equal to length of snout and eye; insertion of anal far behind end of dorsal, the fin short; origin of dorsal a little nearer to tip of snout than to caudal base, the second dorsal ray % length of head. Bean — Description of New Fishes of Bermuda. 123 Color pale brown ; the silvery lateral band about as wide as the short diameter of the eye; a series of about 9 pearly minute spots each sur- rounded by a narrow ring of dark brown on the throat in front of the root of the ventrals. These are probably phosphorescent in life, and pos- sibly also the lace-like sculpture on the top of the head. Color in life greenish. The body in life is covered with mucus. In November, 1910, Mr. L. L. Mowbray observed many individuals of this species on North Rock ledge. The same Fry was exceedingly com- mon around some of the islands near the entrance to Hamilton Harbor in February, 1912. Types, from 2 to 2}£ inches long, in U. S. National Museum. No. 74,084. Eucrotus gen. now, Stromateidse or Icosteidse. Body short ovate, deep, strongly compressed, covered with small cycloid scales; scales extending upon the dorsal. Head moderate, the interor- bital space broad. Eye moderate, snout short, obtuse, truncate; margin of preopercle with flexible spines; lower margin of subopercle and part of opercle finely serrate. Mouth moderate, oblique, with one row of small teeth in the jaws; vomer and palate toothless. Gill openings wide ; gillrakers moderate, close set. One dorsal, high, with a few flexible spines in front, beginning over hind margin of eye, its rays numerous. Anal high and long; caudal round; base of vertical fins closely com- pressed, with scales extending well upon them; ventrals large, I, 5. Branchiostegals 7; pseudobranchiae present, small. Skeleton soft. Pelagic. Eucrotus ventralis sp. now D. VII, 84; A. II, 24 ; V. I, 5; pores in lateral line 106. Depth of body % the distance from front of pupil to base of caudal. Eye slightly longer than snout, 3)4 'n head. Head 3 in total to caudal base. Mouth moderate, oblique, jaws equal, maxilla reaching to below middle of eye. Interorbital width 3 in head. Dorsal spines graduated, the first short, inserted over hind margin of preopercle, the seventh 2% in head. The pectoral reaches to below base of 14th dorsal ray; ventral as long as pectoral, X% in head, extending to anal origin. Anal origin midway between tip of snout and base of caudal, the longest ray % head. Nostrils in front of middle of eye, posterior one much the larger. Color, grayish silvery with numerous dark spots and blotches. Four short, narrow, dark bands on top of head, the first one behind premaxilla. Many mucus pores on head. A single example, 5% inches long, was taken by Louis L. Mowbray, August, 1911, in floating Sargassum in Eastern Channel, Bermuda. The specimen is in the Museum of the Bermuda Natural History Society. 124 Bean — Description of Neiv Fishes of Bermuda. Parasphyr.enops gen. nov., Cheilodipteridse. Allied to Scombrops . Body elongate, covered with small, ctenoid scaler. Snout and top of head naked. Opercles scaly. Nostrils double, the posterior the larger. Operculum with two feeble, Hat spines, the upper one the larger. Teeth in jaws uniserial, feeble, no canines, vomer and palate with a few weak teeth. Margin of preopercle serrate, the serrations slightly stronger at the angle. Eye large. Maxilla short,, little expanded, slipping under the preorbital. Dorsals continuous, deeply notched, with 9 spines and 10 rays, the third spine high, the first and last two short. Anal base short, the fin having 3 spines and 7 rays. Caudal forked. Ventrals under base of pectorals, moderate, with 1 spine and 5 rays. Pectorals broad at base, not elongate, with many rays. Branchiostegals 7. Gillrakers numerous, long and slender, close set. Vertical tins scaleless. Parasphyraenops atrimanus sp. nov. Head3^; depth 5; eye %% in head. D. IX, 10; A. Ill, 7; V. I, 5; P. 18 ; scales about 70. Mouth moderate, oblique, the maxilla extending to below middle of eye, the lower jaw slightly projecting. Suborbital depth % diameter of eye. Third dorsal spine longest, % head, about equal to base of soft dorsal. Pectoral about % head. Ventral }4 head, inserted under pectoral. Anal spines graduated, the first very small, the third longest, 2% in head; base of fin % head. A large black blotch on base of spinous dorsal extending upward a dis- tance equal to long diameter of eye. A jet black spot behind base of pectoral. General color, in spirits, brownish. An individual 4 inches long was taken from the stomach of a Bonito {Seriola falcata) on Argus Bank, 43 fathoms, January 14, 1909, by L. L. Mowbray. A second example, 314 inches long, was also obtained by him on the same date and in the same way. The larger type is in the IT. S. National Museum. No. 74, OS."). Anthias louisi sp. nov. An Anthtas belonging to the group containing formosus Boulenger. I). X, 15; A. Ill, 7; scales 4-35-15; pores 33. Head 3; depth 2%; eye 3 in head; snout 6 in head. The maxilla reaches nearly to below middle of eye; the ventral nearly to vent; the pectoral to the perpendicular through anal origin. First anal spine )4 eye; second anal spine % head ; longest anal ray 5 in total length without caudal. Caudal crescentic, none of its rays much produced. No rays in any of the fins produced. Gillrakers 29, the longest % eye. A small black spot at base of 6th and 7th dorsal rays. Color in life rosy. A single individual, :\l4 inches long to base of caudal, was obtained by Bean — Description of New Fishes of Bermuda . 125 L. L. Mowbray on Argus bank, April 6, 1908, from the stomach of a rock iish. It is in tlic Museum of the Bermuda Natural History Society. This species is named for Louis Septeme Mowbray, the youngest chthyologist of my acquaintance. Pseudoscarus plumbeus sp. now The type specimens of this parrot lish are in the Museum of the Ber- muda Natural History Society. Length of types, 16 inches and 18 inches. The specimens described were collected by L. L. Mowbray on the North Shore, within the reefs, August, 1911. The species was first obtained here in 1909. Head 3 ; depth 2%; eye 4 in snout (obliquely), 8)4 in head; snout 2%; inter orbital width 2%; preorbital 4; pectoral 1%; ventral \}4', caudal \%. D. IX, 10; A. II, 10; scales 2-25-6. No canine teeth; lower jaw included when mouth is closed; lateral line interrupted one scale behind end of soft dorsal, lower branch begin- ning under 9th ray of dorsal, piercing 7 scales; pores of lateral line much branched. Six scales on nape in front of dorsal, the third one much the the largest; ."> rows of scales on cheeks, the lower row containing only one scale; 18 scales along base of dorsals forminga somewhat conspicuous sheath for the fins ; 11 scales along anal base also forming a low sheath. Outer caudal rays somewhat produced; inner rays with a convex outline. Color purplish brown in life; chin, upper lip and lower part of opercle and suhopcrcle vivid, greenish blue becoming emerald green in spirits; nape with bluish green ; a spot of bluish green at insertion of first dorsal ; a few scales on sides with similar green ; margin of dorsal and anal, tips of caudal, upper ray of pectoral and first ray of ventral with a narrow stripe of bluish given. Pontinus microlepis sp. nov. A Pontinus related to P. beanorum and P. macrolepis, differing from these in its small scales and other characters, was obtained by Mr. L. L. Mowbray in Bermuda several years ago. The length of the single individual taken is nine inches; depth two and one-fonrth inches; head three and one-half inches. I). XII, 10; A. 111,5; P.17; V.I, 5; scales 7-48-14 (pores about 33). Head2i; depth 3^ ; eye 4%; snout 3^. The maxilla reaches almost to below hind margin of eye. Mandible slightly projecting, with a slight knob closing into an interspace between the intermaxillaries. Interorbital width :'» in snout. Top of snout and top of head with a few weak scales; rest of head scaly; maxilla naked. Base of pectoral as wide as the eye is long, 7th and 8th rays from bot- tom the longest, ?>% in length to caudal base, extending to below I lth spine of dorsal, and midway between vent and anal origin. The ventral reaches nearly to vent, % as lon^r as head. Fourth dorsal spine longest, equal to snout; 1st spine 2 in snout; 11th slightly longer 126 Bean — Description of New Fishes of Bermuda. than 1st; 12th as long as the eye. Longest dorsal ray 3 in head. Longest anal ray 2% in head. First anal spine % eYe; second spine equal to snout; third % snout. Two slender tentacles above each eye, the first minute, the second about % eye. A small tentacle at each anterior nostril. The lower caudal lobe is now slightly the longer. Only (3 gillrakers fully developed with about 8 little tubercles below on the anterior arch. None of the cephalic spines greatly developed. Color rosy. The type of the species will be in the U. S. National Museum. Emblemaria markii Mowbray sp. now " Head 3%; depth 5}; D. XXII, 15; A. 25. " Body blenniform, scaleless. Jaws with strong incurved conical teeth; maxillary reaching beyond the eye a distance equal to diameter of eye, which is about 4 in head. Snout moderately compressed, slightly less than 4 in head ; nasal cirrus equal to diameter of eye ; cirrus on upper part of eyeball 2 in head, its tip sometimes branched; a small horn-like cirrus over and in line of posterior margin of eye. Dorsal and anal slightly joined to base of caudal; origin of dorsal beginning behind snout at a distance equal to length of second dorsal spine. In the male the Gth, 7th and 8th dorsal spines are the longest, 3 in total without caudal ; in the female the longest dorsal spine is about 6 in length without caudal, and equal to depth of body. " Color pale brown, with 0 to 10 dark vertical bands on the body; ver- tical fins dusky; dorsal quite dark, blotched with black; pectorals pale. ' ' Individuals of 1 to 2% inches long are common among the mussel beds (Area noe) in Hamilton Harbor, Bermuda. First taken June 20, 1907, in a mussel dredge. "Named in honor of Dr. E. L. Mark, of Harvard University." Types in the U. S. National Museum. No. 74,083. Vol. XXV, pp. 127-128 July 31, 1912 PROCEEDINGS OF Till BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW MEMBER OF THE PEROGNATHUS PARVUS GROUP OF POCKET MICE. BY J. GRINNELL. [i lontribution from the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology of the University of California.] The Perognathus parvus group of pocket mice belongs to the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones in the Great Basin region of the western United States and extreme southern British Columbia. According to the latest reviser of the Genus Pero- gnathus (Osgood, X. Amer. Fauna No. 18, 1900, pp. 34-40) the southernmost record station in California for any member of this group is the San Bernardino Mountains, to which local- ity a species, P. alticola, is as far as known restricted. The next southernmost stations for the group are in the Inyo region east of the southern Sierra Nevada, the forms there represented being Perognathus parvus olivaceus and P. p. magruderensis. Between these two localities, as far as published records show, no form of the group has been obtained. One of the results of the field work carried on by the Cali- fornia Museum of Vertebrate Zoology during the summer of 1911 was the discovery in the vicinity of Walker Pass, Kern County, California, of the presence of a pocket mouse of the parvus group. This member proves to be distinct from both olivaceus and magruderensis to the northeast, and from alticola to the south. The peculiarities of this new form, described below, are so great in amount as to argue against the idea that the parvus group is continuously distributed from the Inyo region southwest by way of the Tehachapi and Tejon mountains to the San Bernardino Mountains. The existence of such divergent forms as the new species here described, and alticola, point rather towards wholly disconnected habitats. The scanty data at hand indicates further, that the new form is restricted to the 25— Pkoc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XXV, 1912. (127) 128 GrinneU — A New Pocket Mouse. middle portion of the Sonoran zone, while alticola belongs to lower Transition. Perognathus xanthonotus sp. nov. Type from Freeman Canyon, 4900 feet altitude, east slope Walker Pass, Kern County, California; adult 4 to 68 mm. instead of 57 to lii .4 mm. Measurements. — Type (m3 moderately worn): Head and body, 1330; tail, 40; hind foot, 340; ear from crown, L15; eondylobasal length of skull, 190.4 M')7i*; zygomatic breadth, 85.4 (S4.L>); greatest breadth across orbits, L05.6 (107.4); mastoid breadth, 56.6 (58.0); nasal, 61.0 * Measurements in parenthesis are those of a male with m3 slightly worn. 27— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XXV, 1912. (131) 132 Milieu — A Neiv Chamois from the Apennines. (66.0) ; greatest breadth of both nasals together, 23.6 (20.6); mandible, 159.4 (162.0); maxillary toothrow, (12.2 ((14.0); mandibular toothrow, 64.0 (68.0). Remarks. — The differences in size are clearly shown both by the actual measurements of the individual teeth, and by the area of the crown con- sidered as a parallelogram. In the following table the teeth of the two specimens of Rupicapra fzesula are compared with those of three adult males of R. rupicapra (the largest in the collection) and an adult male of R. pi/renaica. Rupicapra fsesula. Number. 174943 174957 Number. 174943 174957 nv 13.0X10.4=135.2 13.2X 9.4=124.1 mi 11.2X6.6=73.9 11.8X6.4=75.5 in' 14.6X10.4=151.8 14. 2X 9.8=139.1 m, 13.4X6.8=91.1 14.8X6.2=91.8 Upper premolars. 25.2 24.8 Lower premolars. 20.0 22.6 Rupicapra rupicapra. Number. m1. m2. Upper premolars. 882 4360 175016 12.4X 8.6=106.6 10.8X10.0=108.0 12.0X 8.2=104.0 12.6X 8.6=108.4 12.4X10.0=124.0 13.0X 8.0=104.0 22.6 23.2 23.6 Number. nij. m.,. Lower premolars. SN2 4360 175016 10.8X6.0=64.8 11.2X6.6=60.7 10.4X6.2=64.5 13.0X5.6=72.8 12.4X6.6=81.8 i:;. 0X6.2=80.6 19.4 19± 20.2 Number. 174607 Number. 174607 Rupicapra pyrenaica. 12.0X8.0=96.0 mi L0.8X6.2=66.9 13.0X8.2=106.6 m2. 13.0X6.0=78.0 Upper premolars. 21.6 Lower premolars. 20.0 The teeth are relatively as well as actually larger than in Rupicapra rupicapra. In two adult males of the former the ratio of upper toothrow to condylobasal length of skull is 29.1 and 30.5. In the two males of R. Millet — J New Chamois from the Apennines. \X\ fxsula it is 32.] and :'>•_'..">. The ratios of mandibular toothrow to length of mandible in the same specimens arc: R. rupicapra, •".7. 7 and 37.9; /.'. f.i siila, lii. I and H.3. In the incisiform teeth t lie same difference in size is evident cm comparison though nol easy to express by definite measure- ments. In color Rupicapra fsesula closely agrees with R. rupicapra. Both specimens are in the short summer coat in which R. ornata is figured by Neumann. Neither shows the slightest tendency, as in ornata and pyren- aica, for the pale throat area to extend downward on the neck. Vol. XXV, pp. 135-140 December 4, 1912 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON NOTES ON THE SALAMANDERS OF THE NORTH CAROLINA MOUNTAINS WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW FORMS. BY C. S. BRIMLEY. Raleigh, X. C. This paper is based on collections of salamanders made in various parts of the mountains of North Carolina, between the years L902 and 1912, both inclusive, by F. Sherman, entomolo- gist of the State Department of Agriculture, H. H. Brimley, curator of the State Museum, Z. P. Metcalf, professor of zoology and entomology, North Carolina A. and M. College, and myself. The counties in which more or less collecting has been done by us are Buncombe, Cherokee, Haywood, Macon, Mitchell, Transylvania, Watauga, and Yancey, at elevations ranging from 2000 feet up to the tops of some of the highest mountains, 6500 feet elevation. Besides our own records a few from other sources are added to round out and complete the list, the species not collected by us being marked with a star (*). My thanks are due to Professor Metcalf for valuable help in drawing up the descriptions of the two new forms, as well as for the illustrations accompanying this paper, while Mr. Slier- man is due especial credit for his zeal in collecting salamanders in) >ast yea rs . Family CRYPTOBRANCHID^. Cryptobranchus aileghaniensis Daudin. HELLBENDER. Found only in the streams belonging to the Mississippi drainage. Our records are from Pensacola, Yancey ('".. Oct. :'.. 1902; Cane River, Yan- cej Co., Oct. •-'. L902 (FS & HHB); and Andrews, Cherokee Co., May 13, L908 I FS). 28— Pkoc, Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XXV, 1912. (135) 136 Brimley — Notes on Salamanders of North Carolina. Family AMBYSTOMIDjE. *Ambystoma jeffersonianum Green. JEFFERSON'S SALAMANDER. " Very numerous under logs below the fir belt on Roan Mt., Mitchell Co." (Khoads, Proc. Acad. Nat. 8c. Phil.. 1895, p. 402.) Ambystoma punctatum Linn. SPOTTED SALAMANDER. Andrews, Cherokee Co., May 13, 1908, two small specimens (CSB). *Ambystoma talpoideum Holbr. MOLE SALAMANDER. "Abundant in the high valley in northwestern North Carolina, in which the French Broad River takes its origin from mountain streams." (Cope, Batrachia of North America, 1889, p. 53.) Family SALAMANDRIDJ1. Diemyctylus viridescens Rat. AMERICAN NEWT. Taken at Blantyre, Transylvania Co., Highlands, Macon Co., May, 1908 (FS & CSB) ; Grandfather Mt., Watauga Co., Sept. 11, 1908 (ZPM), and at Sunburst, Haywood Co., May, 1912 (CSB). The highest eleva- tion of which we have record is 5000 feet on Grandfather Mt. According to my observations at Raleigh and in the mountains this species would appear to live in water only during the cooler portions of the year and to aestivate on land under dead logs and similar hiding places. Family PLETHODOXTID.E. *Desmognathus nigra Green. BLACK TRITON. Not taken by any of us. Rhoads records two adults from Roan Ait. (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil., 1895, p. 400), and Moore calls it abundant in the vicinity of Grandfather Mt. (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil., 1890, pp. 316-323), but we are inclined to think the latter record is a mistake as Sherman, Metcalf and H. H. Brimley have all collected salamanders in numbers on Grandfather, but have never taken this species, hence we think Dr. Moore mistook the large dark-bellied specimens of D. quadri- maculatus for this species. Desmognathus ochrophaea Cope. ROUND-TAILED TRITON. Abundant throughout the regions collected in, particularly at the higher elevations. Mostly found in water, but to some extent under logs. Over thirty taken from one spring near the summit of Mount Mitchell, at an elevation of 0500 feet, by Sherman and H. H. Brimley on Oct. 2, 1002. Other localities are Bald and Sampson Nits, and Cane River, Yancey Co. ; Blantyre, Transylvania Co.; Highlands, Wayah Bald Mt., and Aquone, Macon Co. ; Sunburst, Haywood Co.; and Grandfather Mt. It does not Brimley — Notes on Salamanders of North Carolina. 137 seem to range much below 3000 feet. Two specimens having a yellow patch on cadi side of the neck were taken at Highlands and on Wayah Bald Mr. in May, L908. Desmognathus quadrimaculatus Holbr. MOUNTAIN TRITON. Abundant; the must characteristic salamander of the rocky mountain streams, swimming and burrowing with greal strength and agility among tlic loose stones or debris lying in the beds of the little streamlets. Old and large specimens are black-bellied, while younger and smaller ones are light colored below and much resemble B. fusca, except in size. The larvae attain a much larger size than those of D. fusca. Collected in numbers <>n Grandfather Mt. and at Blantyre, Cane River, and Sunburst, and in less numbers, but still common, at various points in Yancey Co., and at Highlands, Wayah Bald, and Aquone, -Macon Co.; Andrews, and Joanna Bald, Cherokee Co.; Spruce Pine, Mitchell Co.; anil Weaverville, Buncombe Co. This species is not uncommon at least as far down as 2,000 feet. *Leurognathus marmoratus Moore. MOORE'S TRITON". Three taken in pool in stream on south side of Grandfather Mt. in .Inly, 1898 (see Moore, Pro.'. Acad. Xat. Sc. Phil., 1899, pp. 316-323). The types, taken by Dr. J. Percy Moore, are the only specimens of this species known to have been taken anywhere so far as I know. Appar- ently our first specimens of Desmognathus quadrimaculatus came from the very same pool in which Dr. Moore got his types, and in that case one small pool has provided a new species and furnished also specimens to resurrect an old one. Plethodon erythronotus Green. RED-BACKED SALAMANDER. Taken by Rhoads on Roan Mt., and by myself at Andrews, in Cherokee Co., May. 1908, the last specimens at an elevation of about 2000 feet. Plethodon glutinosus Green. VIS('II) SALAMANDER. Common up to about 3000 or 3500 feet elevation, above which it seems to he wholly replaced by other forms. Taken more or less commonly at Blantyre, 2200 feet; at Sunburst, Haywood Co., up to about 3300 or 3500 feet; at Cane River, and at Andrews, 2000 feet. Two specimens were taken on Grandfather Mt. by Metcalf, but particular elevation not noted. Two specimens, a small one and a good sized adult, taken by Sherman between Blowing Rock, Watauga Co., and Linville, Mitchell Co., are worthy of mention. In life they were of the usual color, but hail a broad chestnut band down the hack as in l\ erythronotus. This, however, dis- appeared after the specimens had been placed in preserving fluid, and Dr. Stejneger, to whom I sent them, could not see that they differed 138 Brimley — Notes on Salamanders of North Carolina . from average southern specimens of this species. I presented them, with Mr. Sherman's consent, to the TJ. S. National Museum. Whether this curious occurrence lias any hearing on the next species remains to he seen. Plethodon shermani Stejn. RED-LEGGED SALAMANDER. The type specimen is recorded as having been taken "on Nantahala Mt., between Andrews and Aquone." The only other specimens that are known to have been taken anywhere were secured by Sherman and my- self when traveling from Franklin to Aquone, over the Wayah Bald Mt. , in May, 1908. We were on»the Franklin side of the gap, but not very far from it, when Mr. Sherman remarked that he believed this was the very spot where he had originally taken the species, and sure enough right there, under logs near a little stream, we got six more specimens, all with brick-red legs. While travelling a little later from Aquone to Andrews, we looked for suitable localities, but found none nor did we get anymore specimens, and Mr. Sherman is now of the opinion that he made a mis- take in giving the locality of the type as " between Aquone and Andrews," and that it was actually where we collected the additional specimens in May, 1908. The type was collected by Mr. Sherman in August, 1904. Plethodon metcalfi sp. nov. UNSPOTTED SALAMANDER. Description. — Bluish plumbeous above, pale grayish below, the two colors meeting somewhat abruptly on the median line of the sides. Under a lens the pale color of the lower parts is seen to be formed by the obliter- ation of the dark borders of the minute pale dots which are sprinkled over the whole surface of this species, P. glutinosus and P. shermani, so that the underparts consist of an irregular scattering of dark dots on a pale ground. Throat wholly pale, unmarked. From P. glutinosus this species is distinguished by the entire absence of whitish spots on the back, sides and throat, by the paler underparts, and smaller average size. From P. shermani it differs by having the parasphenoid teeth in a single patch divided only by a groove down the center, instead of in two patches, and by having legs colored like the neighboring portions of the body, instead of brick red in sharp contrast. The absence of color mark- ings distinguishes it also from P. jordani and P. aeneus. In dental characters it agrees fairly well with P. glutinosus, having from four to ten teeth on either side in the vomero-palatine series, which are shaped about as in that species. The parasphenoids as mentioned above are about as in glutinosus, but the teeth are smaller and shorter. Costal fur- rows 14. Tail measured from hind edge of vent, about one-half of total length, slightly shorter in some, and slightly longer in other specimens. The largest specimen measures 140 mm., tail 72, the type is Hi' mm., tail 52. Described from thirty-nine specimens, twenty-two of them taken near Sunburst, Haywood Co., N. C, in late May, 1912, at elevations of about 3500 to 4000 feet, by Mr. Sherman and myself; the other seventeen Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XXV, 1912. Plate VI. CO *N ^ X »-* ■/. -:' _f ;- ~i V. p * rQ o 1 i — — d o s 4H I o o ,c <£ ^ <1J o o O CO I ~ l . ^ GO 0 - d O o o o ■r. z 5 0 I _2 O — O s& «^ 5>S- ■^ c ^ c e s o Ci § § ; S g a; a; a; a; a; &; - I> go 05 — — a c c C Q c fV b b ^ h b ■f. — +J 0 — * -i-I a * « .J 0 "- rtf _ ~ -7 © >• 00 — 1 o o CO =: (3 — s> o ?. o P c .J^ £* .f; c cS w 'Sj ^ Cj c^ <^ a; a; fc fefebfe Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XX Y. litli'. PLATJ! VII. 71 o 1 cu •d ^ -r c 0 43 M H C r— ^_ •_ " -*■ o p3 j; -4-S 03 > o +3 o > r o c o > % 7 — ~ 8 ~ '/. — c _^ - - 0 . ■ •■ , ^ >4e ~c A o &» ** %- *" «- '— v." cc ZO ti '-C to 1- / ci d _" ~i ■"• C V *J X s C *. SJ -o cj ac ~ 0£ ^* CO s» ^ g. •& u £ C SO V y -G »c -C: rQ , > &Q 7<>!>, collected at Sunburst as above stated, will lie deposited in the 0". S. National Museum. Habitat. — Mountains of North Carolina, about 3500 feet. Named after Mr. Z. P. Metcalf, who first collected the species in any numbers. Spelerpes bilineatus Green. STRIPED SALAMANDER < ienerally distributed throughout the mountains, having been taken by us at Cane River, Yancey Co.; Mt. Mitchell, elevation 0500 feet; Grand- father Mt., up to 5000 feet, and at Blantyre, Toxoway, Highlands, Andrews, YV eaverville, Sunburst and Black Mt. Spelerpes guttolineatus Holbr. HOLBROOK'S TRITON. Taken at Andrews, elevation 2000 feet, and also sent us from. Weaver- ville, in Buncombe Co. Cope records it from the upper valley of the French Broad River (Cope, Batrachia of North America, p. 172). This is an austral species not ranging above the lower mountain valleys. Spelerpes ruber schencki sp. nov. l'-LACK-LIPPED TRITON. Generally similar to S. ruber, but differing in brighter coloration and in having the black spots on the back numerous, never coalescing to any extent, and never obscured nor overlaid with purplish brown. General color orange red, brightest on back, and a little paler on belly; back with numerous small round black spots, these varying in size, but never obscured by the color of the back. Throat with scattering black spots, those on the lower lips fusing so that the lips are almost wholly black. Parasphenoid series well separated from each, not closely approximated in front as in Raleigh specimens of ruber. The specimens so far taken are smaller than large ruber, not exceeding 120 mm. in length. Length of type, 108; tail, 31. Costal folds, 15. Apparently more terrestrial than ruber, as all the specimens were taken under logs and none in water. Type, Brimley No. <>7S!>, taken at Sunburst, at an elevation of 3200 feet will be deposited in U. S. National Museum. Described from {(specimens, 8 from Sunburst, 1 from Highlands. This form which I name after Dr. C. A. Schenck, Director of the Bilt- more Forest School, has been taken at Sunburst, Haywood Co. (S spec- imens); Highlands, Macon Co. (."> sp. ) ; Blantyre, Transylvania Co. (4 sp.). Specimens from Andrews were noted by me at the time as agreeing with the Blantyre and Highlands specimens, hut are not now in 140 Brimley — Notes on Salamanders of North Carolina. my possession. Two specimens one each from Burnsville, and Cane River iu Yancey Co., agree in general color and in the separation of the para- sphenoid series, but lack the black lips of schencki, and may be looked upon as intermediates between this and ruber. No true ruber have been taken in the same localities as schencki, and I look upon schencki as a geographical race of the former. Spelerpes danielsi Blatchley. DANIELS TRITON. Cane River, Sept. 25, 1902, one taken by Sherman and H. H. Brimley under a log lying in water. Five taken at Blantyre in May, 1908, and two at Sunburst in May, 1912, by myself. This rare salamander is red in life with black spots, but somewhat paler in color than ruber. It has a more serpentine motion in life than most salamanders, and seems to be wholly aquatic and of somewhat mud-burrowing habits. The vomero-palatine series curve forward and meet the parasphenoid series at an acute angle, while in ruber they curve backward and meet the latter at an obtuse angle. So far we have not taken this species above :>500 feet, nor below 2500 feet, and only in places where the bed of the stream is somewhat boggy in character. Gyrinophilus porphyriticus Green. PURPLISH SALAMANDER. Rhoads records one from Roan Mt. ( Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1895, p. 401). Our only record is of three large larval salamanders (total length, 115 mm.), taken by Sherman on Black Mt. in May, 1911, which we were not able to place, but which Dr. Stejneger said were probably second year larvae of this species. Vol. XXV, pp. 141-156 December 4, 1912 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON NATURAL HISTORY NOTES ON SOME BEAUFORT, N. C, FISHES, 1910-11. No. I. Elasmobranchii — with Special Reference to Utero-gestatiok. BY E. W. GUDGER. [Published by permission of the Commissioner of Fisheries.] The personal observations recorded in this paper were made between May 25 and July 28, 1910, and between May 13 and July 15, 1911, while the writer was at work as investigator for the United States Bureau of Fisheries at its laboratory at Beau- fort, N. C. The fishes studied were in part collected by the seining crew temporarily employed for the writer's work on the gaff -topsail catfish, but the larger number, especially of the rays, was obtained by visiting the drag-net fishermen up New- port River, and particularly Messrs. J. E. Lewis and Charles L. Willis of Morehead City, whose continued kindness it is a pleasure to acknowledge. The observations recorded other than the writer's own are chiefly those of Mr. Russell J. Coles, a sportsman of Danville, Va., whose fishing experiences at and about Beaufort and whose gifts of specimens to the laboratory cover nearly a decade. In another paper of this series more definite mention and acknowl- edgment of Mr. Coles' collections will be made. Carcharhinus (species unknown). < »n July 12, 1910, two small sharp-nosed sharks were taken at the Nar- rows of Newport River. On attempting to classify them it was clear that while they plajnly helonged to the genus Carcharhinus, it was equally clear that as to species they were neither obacurus nor milberti, the forms heretofore reported from Beaufort. Director Aller, to whom the classiti- cation was referred, thought it a matter either of immaturity or of varia- nt— Pkoc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XXV, 1912. (Ill) 142 Gudgei — Notes on Some Beaufort, N. 0., Fishes. tion, since he finds that Beaufort sharks rarely correspond in all details with the diagnoses given in Jordan and Evermann's Fishes of North and Middle America or in Smith's Fishes of North Carolina. Mr. Peter Okkelberg, of the University of Michigan, while dissecting one of these sharks, called attention to the apparent absence of the spiral valve from the large intestine. On opening the other shark, the same condition was found. Director Aller, however, pointed out certain ob- scure twists in the wall of the intestine which he thought represented such, and later called attention to the following statement in Parker and Haswell, Vol. II (1897), page 104: "A spiral valve is always present in the large intestine (of the Elasmobranchii), though its arrangement varies considerably in the various families. In some cases (e. g. Carchan'as) the fold is not a spiral one, but, attached by one edge in a nearly longi- tudinal line to the intestinal wall, is rolled up in the shape of a scroll." Pearlier in the season of 1910 the writer had the following interesting experience with a sharp-nosed shark some three miles up Newport River. He had visited some fishermen just as they were finishing clearing their net. They had thrown into his rowboat some female rays and a few small sharks. The former were autopsied for eggs and emoryos and thrown overboard, and then a pair of jaws from one of the sharks was cut out and cleaned off. The fragments of this fish were likewise thrown overboard and presently the bloody water was bailed out and the boat washed. All this was done on a falling tide in a locality well known for sharks and rays. Presently the dorsal fin of a large shark could be seen coming against the ebb tide. Standing in the stern of the skiff, the writer watched the shark " nosing around" in the water like a bird dog working a field for quail. Having arrived within 10 feet of the boat, it suddenly saw him for the first time, backed water in a perfect panic and di -appeared in a tlurry of mud and sand. Its length was about 8 feet, and from its large girth it was probably a Carcharhinus rather than a Scoliodon. This in- cident illustrates both the voracity and the cowardliness of this scavenger of the sea. It may be noted in passing that during the summer of 1911 a number of sharp-nosed sharks were taken in the laboratory pound net and seine. Only the smallest of these, a male Scoliodon terra-novae 4:\ inches long, was identified. The others, ranging from 0 to 1% feet in length, were taken from 3 to 7 miles from the laboratory, and because of their size, thesmallness of the boat, and the fact that the seining crew was generally out on all-day trips, could not be brought to the laboratory for identifi- cation. Since Scoliodon rarely grows so large it is quite probable that these were Carcharhinus. The largest shark taken at Beaufort in 1911 was brought in by some menhaden fishermen before the writer arrived at the laboratory. Capt. Oscar Noe, superintendent of the menhaden fish factory^to which it was brought, reported that he found it to be 13^ feet over all. There can be no doubt that it was a Carcharhinus. Gudgei — Notes on Some Beaufort, N. C, Fishes. 143 Squalus acanthias Linnaeus. PICKED DOG-FISH. < Mi May 23, 1907, Director Aller obtained from a fisherman an adult specimen of tin's small shark, lie noted, several hours after death, that there were about 44 spots arranged in two rows on tin' upper part .'! the body. This specimen was a female (length was not noted) and when cut open :! young were obtained. This negatives the statement made by Jordan and Evermann (1896) that all of the Squalidae are oviparous. This specimen, taken in Beaufort harbor, is the first recorded from North Carolina. However, Coles took two with hook ami line at Cape Lookout in L910, hut saw none in 1911. The local name for this fish is Bone-shark in allusion to its dorsal spine. Sphyrna tiburo Linnaeus. BONNET-HEAD. The best find made by the writer in 1011 was a female bonnet-head shark taken at the Straits about 7 miles east of Beaufort, on June 30, 1911. This fish measured 50 inches over all, and was ~}4 inches between the eyes. The spread of her pectorals was 18 inches, the horizontal gape I width) of her jaws :',:i( and the vertical gape '■'>1.j inches. The two bilateral oviducts were in the usual position and were united behind in a short tube opening into the cloaca. Slightly back of the shell. gland, each oviduct was enlarged to form a uterus s or 0 per cent of the volume of the yolk when the egg was in segmentation. Examined microscopically it 146 Gudgei — Notes on Some Beaufort, N. C, Fishes. appeared as a finely divided flocculent material grading from particles so small as to show the Brownian movement to large plate-like masses. The enormous increase in size of the young is proof indisputable that the young feed on the milk during the period of gestation. It is probably absorbed at first by the long external gill filaments, but as the young ray grows these disappear and the spiracles become functional and the " milk " is taken in by them. There can be no reasonable doubt that this is the manner in which the young of Dasyatis say and Pteroplatea maclura are nourished. The following data were noted in 1010 in regard to the functioning of ovaries and uteri and their relation to each other in 8 specimens of Dasyatis say. Two had both uteri gravid with ovaries insignificant. One had both uteri empty and reduced but the left ovary full of fairly large eggs. Five had the left uterus only with young. Of these five, two had the right uterus almost indistinguishable. ( )ne of these two and one other of the five had the right ovary reduced to a mere shred. Not one had the right ovary with eggs of any size. Four of the eight had the left ovary with eggs approaching maturity, 'and three of these four had the left uterus only with young. The summer of 1911 was marked by poorsuccess in getting sting rays with embryos. Three were obtained with young approaching the hatch- ing stage. One, 24 inches wide, had 3 young measuring 5% inches in width, 13 inches long (to end of tail), and b-5%-5% inches from end of snout to end of ventral fins. The other measured 26 inches in width and bore four young. These were 6 inches wide, (> inches long to end of ventrals, and 15 inches over all. The third, which measured 2b% inches between points of pectorals, gave up 3 young averaging li^xfi^xll^' inches, the greatest variation in their measurements being % inch. In addition to the above, 3 individuals were taken with eggs in early stages, but these were unfortunately lost. These fish were 23, 33, and 35 inches wide respectively. They were [large, heavy, and active. In striking them with a hatchet to quiet them, and in throwing them from the bunt of the seine into the small boat in which they wTere dissected, the uteri were evacuated and the eggs thrown out into the bloody water. The yolks were in some cases recovered, but all thejembryos were lost. Sixteen non-breeding* females, ranging in width from 12 to 33 inches, had the left ovary from twice to three times the size of the right, while 13 breeding females, varying in width from 13 to 35 inches, had the left ovary functional and the left uterus greatly dilated, the corresponding organs on the right side showing no signs of fertility. Only li of these bore eggs or embryos as described above. One having early eggs showed by the condition of the ovary that ripe ova had left this organ lint a short time previously. One of those with embryos nearly ready to be born had eggs measuring 12 to 15 mm. in diameter. Another had in the ovary 3 eggs measuring 17, 17, and 18 mm. in diameter. The left uterus of this fish was swollen and very villous. Another had in the left ovary 3 eggs, * That is with uteri showing no signs of enlargement. Gudge1) — Notes on Some Beaufort, Ar. C, Fishes. 147 17, I71.., is linn, in diameter respectively; the uterus on the same side was greatly swollen, and shaggy with villi. Two others had the left generative organs as above, although the eggs in the ovary were not quite so large, measuring from !*_' to 15 mm. only. In no right ovary did the writer, in L911, find any large or even distinct e>_rL.rs, and in no lish did he find a right uterus functional. In this con- nection it is pertinent to note that Haswell ( L888) states that in TJrolophux testaa us the left oviduct only is functional. Alcock hears like testimony of Trygon bleekeri ( 1892); " . . . in all the pregnant rays that I have since dissected, where only one oviduct is pregnant it is always the left." From this data the following conclusions may be drawn. First, that as a rule the left ovary and left uterus only of Dasyatis say are functional. Secondly, that as the eggs ripen the uterus enlarges and becomes villous to receive them. Thirdly, that this ray may give birth to a second set of young each season. During the season of 191 1 the writer dissected a number of sting rays to determine their food. In all specimens in which digestion had not gone too far, this was found to consist of annelid worms of two kinds. The first of a small-sized red worm found everywhere. The other of a splendid large green worm. These rays are bottom feeders. Beaufort harbor and the surrounding waters are filled with hundreds of acres of sand and mud tiats in which live millions of tubiculous worms. These thrust out their heads from the mouths of their tubes as the flood tide covers the sand flats and at this time the rays come in over the shoals to feed. The following incident may be related as showing how early the defen- sive instinct manifests itself in this fish. On June 30, 1911, there was taken in a haul of the seine a young female ray 6% inches wide, 6)^ long to end of ventrals, and 12 inches to the end of the tail. This was probably not more than a week, possibly not more than 2 or 3 days old. When first picked up it lashed out with its tail and struck the point of its sting in the writer's thumb, whereupon it was dropped into the boat. In order to ascertain whether this was a purposed action or accidental, it was again picked up, whereupon it again lashed out savagely with its tail. It is probable that one taken from the uterus at the time of parturition would do the same thing. During 11)11 there was taken by the writer a number of sting rays whose caudal appendages had suffered abbreviation. Among them was the young one above referred to. In addition 3 good-sized ones were taken which were tailless. A 12-inch wide female had the tail completely gone. An 18^-inch male had a stump one inch long. Lastly a 20-inch male had a 2-inch stump. For a possible explanation of how this con- dition in these rays has come about, the reader is referred to a previous paper by the writer (Gudger, 1907), in which it is shown that sting rays form no inconsiderable part of the food of the hammer-head shark, Sphyrna zygitna. It may be conjectured that a hammer-head had been chasing these rays. They lashed out with their tails and fixed their spines in its head or jaws, whereupon the shark incontinently bit the tails off. « 148 Gudgei — Notes on Some Beaufort, N. C., Fishes. Pteroplatea maclura (Le Sueur). BUTTERFLY RAY. In making observations and collecting data for a study of viviparity in the butterfly ray, the writer was so fortunate in 1910 as to get a good amount of embryonic material, in fact fully half the stages necessary for the life history. The most interesting of these is a young ray with the pectorals so far developed that they have coalesced with the head stalk, with long, filamentous gills projecting from the gill slits, and, what is most remarkable, with a tail nearly equal to the length of the body and having its hinder two-thirds expanded into a broad paddle-like fin.* When it is remembered that the adult ray has a very short and insignifi- cant tail utterly devoid of any fin structures, the importance of this dis- covery in the phylogenetic history of the animal is apparent. The writer's earliest collecting in 1910 was done on May 27. The uteri of the first ray caught on that day were both pregnant, one egg being found in each. These eggs each had a thin straw-colored transparent shell much crinkled and plaited (bellows-fashion) at the ends but not twisted as in the eggs noted in my paper for 1900. One end of each shell was long and clear, the other end short and crushed, — "telescoped " is the way the notes put it. One egg had a selachian embryo, the other an invaginating blastoderm . Waite (11(01, 1902) quotes letters from Haswell that the viviparous Hemiscillium modestum has around its egg a thin shell which is soon thrown oft', and that Galeus antarcticus has chitinous bodies in the uterus consisting, as proved by chemical analysis, of the identical material as that composing the egg shell of Cestracion and of other viviparous Elas- mobranchs. These bodies Haswell considers as several vestigial shells run together. Later, Waite (1909) took several female GaJeus australis, of the family Carchariidae, in which were found numbers of young, each in a thin membranous envelope contained within the uteri. One female contained 34 young equally divided between the 2 uteri. t Parker and Haswell (1897) on p. 108 of Vol. II say: "In some of the viviparous forms (of Elasmobranchs) a distinct, though very delicate, shell, some- times having rudiments of the filaments, is formed, and is thrown off in the uterus." The chalaza-like structures, seen by the present writer in lV)09-'10-and '11, were in all probability these vestigial filaments. These structures have been described above for the bonnet-head shark also. The uteri of every one of these rays, as in Dasyatis say, had the interior villous, and all save three were filled with milk. Two of these, opened as soon as the female was caught, were enormously distended with a clear liquid which showed no signs of milk, while the third, after being in formalin some hours, was found to have a buttery precipitate in a clear supernatant fluid. There can be but little doubt that the purpose of the long external gills is to absorb this " milk " and that after the disappear- * See Gudger (1911) for an abstract of a report on this larva made before the N. C. Aead. Sci. t See also Aleoek (1901) as Quoted in my Notes for 1909 (Gudger, 1910). Gudger — Notes on Sorrn Beaufort, N. C, Fishes. 1 19 ance of these gills this is taken in through the spiracles as Alcoek (1901 ) conjectures for the congeneric Pteroplatea micrura of the Indian Ocean. Indeed on July 17, while handling the just-dead, advanced embryos of the butterfly ray, a considerable amount of flocculent material, i. e., coagulated milk, was discharged from the months of two of them. These two young rays, when taken from the uteri, had their pectorals rolled up like those of the sting ray, but in reversed fashion, i. e., ventrally. One of the large females referred to in a preceding paragraph had the tail gone from its point of junction with the ventrals. Calling the atten- tion of my head fisherman to this, lie remarked that it was rare to find a butterfly ray so mutilated. In this connection he added that in very large and old specimens of this ray occasional ones were found to have stings. In 1911 this statement was repeated by other fishermen, men like the former, in whom I have confidence. I have examined for such a spine nearly every large butterfly ray 1 have ever taken, but so far have never found any indication of one. Its occurrence must be rare. On this point Smith (1897) says "spine usually (always?) lacking." All of the females taken in 1910 had embryos in eacli uterus. The two largest ones, .'52 inches wide by 19 long and 30 inches wide by 18J^ long, had in addition their left ovaries only filled with eggs from 5-10 mm. in diameter. These were taken July 16. From these facts the conclusion may be arrived at that the butterfly ray may give birth to two sets of young each season, and that if so the second set will probably be borne in the left uterus only. However, this matter needs further investigation. In the ovaries of these rays, as in those of Dasyatis say, the lumina were tilled with an abundant yolky material which probably came from the breaking down of some of the ova. In all these ovaries, however, there were large eggs approaching maturity. In my Notes for 1900* the fact is recorded that the young of the cow- nosed ray, Rhinoptera bonasus, come into the world rolled up like a piece of paper, one pectoral inside, and one out. The young of the common sting ray have the pectorals turned upward and rolled inward and down- ward toward the median line, like two hands placed wrists together, palms uppermost, ringers closed to touch palms. While in a preceding paragraph it is noted that the young of the butterfly ray are born with the pectorals held in reverse fashion, i. e., turned downward and rolled inward. Hill ( 1862) has figured and described the young of the Jamaican Cephaloptera massenoides, a ray probably near to Aodon hypostomus or Mobula olfersi, with pectorals folded on the dorsal surface, one over- lapping the other. Earlier, however, than any of these writers, Galard de Terraube (17!)9)t described the young of a long-tailed ray of Guiana (name not given) as coming into the world rolled up like waffles ( gaufl'res ) , — like the young cow-nosed ray. It seems that these differences find explanation in the supposition that the young rays in the uterus of the mother are able to change the position of their pectorals just as the young teleosts in the egg are able to shift their tails from right to left side of the egg or vice versa. •Gudger, l*uo. ■i-Tableau de < Sayenne ou de la < luiane Prancaise, pp. 131-2. 150 Gudgei — 2Votes on Some Beaufort, X. 0. , Fishes. During 1910 the writer noticed for the first time that the clampers of both the sting and butterfly rays have a kind of knuckle joint at the basal end and that they can be rotated on this joint until they point inward and forward, thus enabling the rays to lie belly to belly, heads forward, while in copulation. Further it was noticed that in the female genital opening there are two little pockets placed laterally, in which the claspers are evidently received. Later it was found that Agassiz ( 1871 ) had expressed the same idea some 40 years ago. For some unknown reason comparatively few butterfly rays were taken at Beaufort by the fishermen during the writer's stay in the summer of 1911. The laboratory seining crew made a number of trips especially for them, but only one of breeding age was taken. This had both uteri en- larged and each contained an egg with a selachian embryo. Each egg was enclosed in a thin transparent yellowish shell with chalaza-like twisted terminals as reported in 1909. Curiously enough the end of each shell at the posterior part of the embryo was much larger and more noticeable. Aetobatus narinari (Euphrasen). SPOTTED STING RAY. Three perfect specimens were obtained in 1910 and two of them studied while alive. On June 30, while up Newport River, two fishermen* caught and kindly gave ine a specimen which measured: length of body to end of ventrals, 1!) inches; tail only 33 inches; all over 41) inches; width over pectorals 28% inches, between eyes 4 inches, between spiracles 2% inches (both inside measurements); projection of snout from a line joining anterior roots of pectorals, this being also a line joining the an- terior edges of the spiracles, 4 inches. This fish weighed 11% pounds and had two spines, the anterior equal to the length of the base of the dorsal tin, the posterior only half so long. When alive it had for its ground color a dark chestnut brown with spots of a rich yellow cream. The spots on the head were smaller than elsewhere, and in the posterior region showed a tendency to run together. In life no hands, as shown in Jordan and Evermann's figure, f could be found, but after death they showed up faintly and the spots showed a tendency to become white. "Where the skin was exposed to the sun it turned a rich velvety black, the epidermis then peeled oft', leaving the ground color brown, and the spots turned blue. The two other rays of this species were taken in the channel connect- ing the inner and outer harbors at Beaufort on July 4 and 7, 1910, and were presented to the writer by Messrs. Charles, John, and William Wheatley of Beaufort, to whom he is also indebted for specimens of other fishes. The smaller of the two, a fine specimen, measured: length 18% inches, tail only 39% inches, all over 54J£ inches; width 27% inches, between eyes ?,% inches, spiracles 2% inches (inside measurements); length of * Henry Congleton and John Harrell of Beaufort. i Fishes of North and Middle America, Vol. IV, plate 15. Gudger — Notes on Some Beaufort, N. C, Fishes. 151 head from line joining front edge of pectorals and spiracles 4:,.t inches, length of snonl proper 2)4 inches. The color wasa chocolate brown with whitish spots. The larger specimen came into the writer's possession while yet alive and flapping on the beach, and the measurements and notes were made within an hour alter its capture. Its body length was 26% inches, tail only 27^ (this had plainly been amputated in some way), all over 4'.M.j inches: width 37 inches, between eyes 5 inches, between spiracles ?>% inches; longest diameter of spiracles 1^ inches. It had three spines. It-s weight was over 25 pounds, the limit of my little spring balance. The general color of this fish was a dark chocolate brown with the spots of a cream color; some of these, however, turned a faint bluish- green after death. The spots were decidedly smaller on the head, and over each eye there was a row of three. Along the anterior edge of each pectoral they were arranged in a very definite succession, while on the scalloped posterior part of each tin there was a row of very small ones. In the posterior dorsal region a number were continent, making dumb-hell shaped markings, and even in the spiracular openings small spots could he seen. There were no striations visible in this fish while fresh. The spiracles of this specimen, the largest the writer has seen, opened forward into the mouth and backward into the gill chambers, and communicated with each other. The spiracular valves swung backward and upward into recesses. The alimentary canal was full of clams without a trace of shell. Abundant as have been the writer's opportunities for study of this in- teresting fish, those of Coles have been far more.* While fishing at Cape Lookout in July, 1909, he saw hundreds and killed 50. During the same month in 1910, at the same place, he says he probably saw 40 or 50 and collected 8. The largest captured was 5 feet 9 inches wide, 3 feet long, tail 5 feet 9 inches, total length 8 feet 9 inches, weight 132 pounds. In July, 1904, lie captured a huge ray of this species which was not meas- ured and could not be weighed, but which was estimated at 500 to (300 pounds. In 1911 Coles found these rays very scarce at Cape Lookout, not more than a dozen being seen. This paucity, where he had before found them in considerable numbers, he thinks to be due to the scarcity of clams, their chosen and apparently only food. The largest caught weighed 90 pounds and was 5 feet wide, 2 feet 8 inches long, and had a tail 5 feet t; inches in length. Another and gigantic specimen was harpooned, but, before it could he killed, it dragged the boat into the breakers where its struggles attracted a number of sharks which dismembered it before it. could be secured. Its weight was estimated at 500 pounds or more. In comparison with such giant specimens as these the writer's are plainly immature, only the last one being anywhere near grown. The opinion expressed in Notes for 1909 concerning the rarity of this fish at Beaufort needs some modification. It is rare in Beaufort waters, but not so much so as had been thought, < !ole's observation for the open Atlantic at ('ape Lookout. L2 miles away, to the contrary notwithstanding. Further- • - rol.-s. mid. 152 Gudgei — Notes on Some Beaufort, N. 0., Fishes. more the bight at Cape Lookout, where his catches were made, forms a natural fish trap for all sorts of rare southern forms carried into it by the set of the Gulf Stream and the steady southerly winds. This is especially true of the shallow water fishes like the rays. Before leaving this ray, if might be well to add that Mr. W. H. Shelton of Beaufort gave the writer the tail of a very large spotted sting ray of which unfortunately no measurements had been made. The tail, of which it is plain that the hinder portion was lost by some accident, is 4 feet 3 inches long. It bears 4 spines, and the evidence is rather clear that another has been torn off. The only other caudal appendage of a spotted sting ray comparable to this is the 5-spined one taken at Guam, described and figured by Quoy and Gaimard (isi'4). and deposited in the Museum of Paris. This tail had also suffered amputation and the length of the abbreviated portion is not given, nor is the description of the ray at all full, the drawing having been lost, but on account of the unusual and extraordinary number of spines these authors call it Raja quinqueaculata. Nothing definite was known about the mode of reproduction in this ray until Coles published his paper in 1910. He tells us that the young are born, that is, are expelled from the uterus, while the mother is en- gaged in leaping high above the water. This he witnessed twice. His observation definitely proves that it is viviparous, and we may confidently expect on later investigation to find the female rays with villous uteri as in the forms previously described. Rhinoptera bonasus (Mitchill). COW-NOSED RAY. On July Hi, 1910, the writer took three young rays of this species in one haul at the Narrows. One was a female 20% inches wide, 13^ from snout to end of ventrals, tail 17 inches, length over all 27 inches, weight 5 pounds. The second, a male, measured as follows: width 20% inches, length 13, tail only 2\% inches, total length 33 inches. The third, like- wise a male, was 19^ inches over all. The first male had one spine, the second two, and both had very short sexual appendages. Since the present writer has taken from the uterus of the mother young V3% inches wide and 8% long (Gudger, 1910), and Bleeker (1852) in the same manner obtained from a Rhinoptera javanica 2 young measuring 240'" and 280" ' wide (20 and 20.3 inches), he is led to believe that these rays were certainly not older than two years, and possibly were born not earlier than 1909. These observations also show conclusively that the cow-nosed ray is viviparous, like all the other Beaufort rays studied by the writer. Vivi- parity, however, is not effected by means of a yolk-bag placenta, fait by milk secreted by the villous lining of the uterus. Manta birostris (Walbaum). DEVIL FISH. This goliath of the ray order has been reported from Cape Lookout and for years Coles has kept a close watch for it, but has seen it only once. Gudgei — Notes on Some Beaufort, \\ C, Fishes. 153 In July, lOOit, lie saw one leap three times at a distance of less than lL'O yards from his boat. He estimated its width at between 20 and :*><• feet, and the distance between the horns at 3-5 feet. This could hardly have been anything else than the great ray above named. Smith ( l!ii>7) says that it has been seen a number of times by fishermen at Cape Lookout. It is recorded among North Carolina fishes by several authors but has, it is believed, been seen only by the first of these, John Lawson ( 1714), whose interesting description is worthy of quotation here. " The Divel Fish lies at some of our Inlets, and, as near as I can describe him, is shaped like a Scate, or Stingray; only he has on his head a pair of very thick strong Horns, and is of a monstrous Size and Strength; for this Fish has been known to weigh a Sloop's anchor, and run with the vessel a league or two and bring her back against the Tide, to almost the same Place. Doubtless they may afford good Oil; but I have not expe- rience of any Profits which may arise from them." Egg-cases of Unknown Selachians. It seems well to describe certain elasmobranch egg-cases or " purses " which come ashore on Fort Macon Beach in the lee of the first point south of the concrete breakwater. First there is the ordinary egg-case known to all frequenters of our coast, and found very abundantly on the beach above mentioned. One of these dried cases of average size and appearance gave the following measurements: extreme length over (curled) tendrils 2% inches; length measured from center to center of curve between tendrils \% inches; width of ends {f and 1 inch. Some two years ago the writer found on the same collecting ground as the above a large egg-case. This, after being soaked and dried out as fiat as possible, measured as follows : length stump to stump of horns (ten- drils gone) 47-8 inches, from center to center of curve (as above) 4J4 inches; width at narrow end \\ inches, at wider 178 inches, of center \% inches. This shell has probably lost 14 inch in length by wrinkling. In July, 1910, there was found another egg-case of like kind on the same collecting ground. This is so much wrinkled and shortened that it has lost from % to \ inch in length, nor has it been possible to flatten it. However, it measures: length over all 3% inches, from center to center of curve 3T7S inches ; width at narrow end \'-\v inches, at wide end 2 inches, across center 1'8 inches. In 1911 another case similar to these was found lower down ( i. e. south) on the same beach. Wetted and flattened out as much as possible it measures: length overall 5%, from center to center of curved ends 4% inches; width at narrow end \%, at wide end \%, across center 2 inches. On none of these cases is there trace of tendrils, these having been broken off short. The stumps, however, are hollow. The first shell is covered with an outer layer of horny material which readily splits up into coarse strands stretching from end to end. The second case has lost most of this covering, showing the polished chitinous shell. The third has hydroids attached to it. lol Gudgei — Notes on Some Beaufort, N. C, fishes. These three large eases differ in yet another way from the small ones. The side pieces of the " barrow " in the small eases are of the same thick- ness and appearance throughout, being hardly distinguishable from the body walls of the shells. This is not the case in the large " purses. " If the side bars be divided into |s, then the % lying at each end is found to be no thicker than the back edge of an ordinary table knife, the middle 7s however gradually thickens from each end toward the center, and in the region of the transverse diameter of the case is \ to {;-, of an inch thick. This is true for both side pieces for all three egg-cases. Each side piece is slightly concave from top to bottom (the shell being placed in a horizontal position) and has running lengthwise in its center a raphe or line of junction. Waite (1909) describes the egg-case of a carpet-shark, Cephaloscyllium laticeps Dum, in which the egg-case had similar lateral thickenings :; mm. thick. However, what is probably the largest case ever found is referred to by Alcock (1901). It was dredged from 824 fathoms off the southern coast of India. This case was (U inches long by 4J wide and contained an embryo too young for identification. It is not known by what elasmobranchs these large Beaufort egg-cases are laid. The only selachians found in this part of the Atlantic which might have set free these shells are, so far as the writer knows, the Scylliorhinidae or cat sharks. These sharks are said to have large egg- cases with hollow tentacles, and the cases above described clearly fit this description. Catulus retifer has been taken off Cape Lookout, and Scylliorhinus pro/undorum off the mouth of Chesapeake Bay. Literature Cited. 1871. Agassiz, Louis. Oral communication. Proceedings Boston Society of Natural History, vol. 14, 1870-71; pp. 339-40. 1890. Alcock, A. W. Observations on the Gestation of Some Sharks and Rays. Natural History Notes No. 14, from H. M.'s Indian Marine Survey Steamer Investigator, Commander Alfred Carpen- ter Commanding. Journal Asiatic Society of Bengal, vol. LIX, pt. II, pp. 51-56, PI. I. L892. Alcock, A. W. On Utero-gestation in Trygon bleekeri. Natural History Notes No. 3, from II. M.'s Indian Marine Survey Steamer Investigator, Commander R. F. Haskyn, R. N., Com- manding. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Ser. 6; vol. IX, p. 417; pi. XIX, figs. 1-2-:;. 1901. Alcock, A. W. Zoological Gleanings from the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator. Scientific Memoirs by Medical Officers of the Army of India. Part 12. 18.32. Bleeker, Peter. Bijdrage tot de Kenniss der Plagiostomen van den Indischen Archipel. Verhandlingen van bet Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wettenschappen. Deel XXIV, pp. 81-88. Gudger — Notes on Some Beaufort, X. C, Fishes. 155 1010. Coles, Russell .1 . Observations on the Habits .'iinl Distribution of Certain Fishes taken on the Coast of North Carolina. Bulletin American Museum of Natural History, vol. XXVIII, art. 28, Nov., 1910. L799. Galard de Terraube, L. A. Tableau de Cayenne ou de la Guiane Francaise, pp. 131-2, Paris. L907. Gudger, E. W. A Note on the Hammer-head Shark and its Food. Science n. s., vol. XXV, pp. 1005-1006. liHii. Gudger, E. W. Notes on Some Beaufort Fishes— 1909. The American Naturalist, vol. XLIV, .Inly, 1010, pp. 395-403. 1911. Gudger, E. W. The Finned-tailed Larva of the Butterfly Ray, Pteroplatea maclura. Science, n. s., vol. XXXII, p. 943. Jour- nal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, vol. XXVII, p. 85. 1912. Gudger, E. W. The Intra-uterine Embryo of the Bonnet-head Shark, Sphyrna liburo. Science, vol. XXXN , p. 4(j6. 1862. Hill, Richard. The Devilfish of Jamaica. * The Intellectual Ob- server, vol. II, pp. 167-176. L888. Haswell, William A. Jotting from the Biological Laboratory of Sydney University. Proceedings Linnaean Society of New South Wales, Ser. 2, vol. Ill, p. 1716. 1896. Jordan, D. S. and Evermann, B. W. The Fishes of North and 1900. Middle America. Washington. Pts. I, II, III, and IV. 1714. Lawson, John. The History of Carolina; containing the exact Description and Natural History of that Country, etc., p. 90. London. Reprinted Charlotte, N. C, 1903. 1897. Parker, T. Jeffery, and Haswell, William A. A Text-book of Zoology, vol. II, pp. 164-168. London. 1S24. Quoy, J. R. C. and Gaimard, Paul. Poissons, in Zoologie Voyage de l'Uranie autour du Monde. 1907. Smith, H. M. The Fishes of North Carolina. N. C. Geological and Economic Survey. Raleigh. 1901. Waite. E. R. Studies in Australian Sharks, No. 1. Records Australian Museum, vol. IV, pp. 28 and 32. 1902. AVaite, E. R. Studies in Australian Sharks, No. 2. Records Australian Museum, vol. IV, No. 5, p. 17-">. 19 — . Waite, E. R. Studies in Australian Sharks, No. 3. Records Australian Museum, vol. VI, part 3, p. 227. 1909. Waite, E. R. Scientific Results of the New Zealand Government Trawling Expedition, 1907, — Pisces. Records of Canterbury Museum, vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 8-9. Vol. XXV, pp. 157-162 December 4, 1912 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON NOTES ON THE MAMMALS OF MT. GREYLOCK, MASSACHUSETTS. BY MANTON COPELAND. Bowdoin College. In company with Mr. Julius Rockwell of Taunton, Mass., I -pent from August 27 to September 4, 1911, on Mt. Greylock, Mass., trapping small mammals. Some of the species captured proved to be of special interest, a fact which induced me to publish the following notes, briefly recording the results of our collecting, and presenting available data from other sources on the present mammalian life of the mountain. Mt. Greylock, rising 3505 feet above the sea, is the highest peak in Massachusetts. Its fauna! position is so clearly defined by Messrs. W. Faxon and R. Hoffmann in their "Birds of Berkshire County," I can not do better than quote from these authors. "Altitude has as marked an influence on the flora and fauna as latitude. It is this fact that gives Greylock its great interest in the eyes of naturalists. Rising as it does far above the surrounding country, it has the character of an island of northern vegetation — a bit of the Green Mountain thrust to the southward, just as the low, sterile plains of the southern Berkshire towns present the characteristics of Connecticut fields pushed northward. Greylock is clothed to the very summit with fairly tall trees, so that it lacks the Alpine aspect of extremely lofty mountain tops. Nevertheless, there has been found on the top of Greylock, on several occasions, a bird whose normal habitat is the edge of the tree line of the loftier northern moun- tains. This bird is the Bicknell's Thrush, found on Slide Mountain in the Catskills, and some of the higher peaks of the Adirondaeks, the Green Mountains of Vermont, and the White 30— 1jkuc. Biol. Soc. Wash.. Vol. XXV. 1912. (157) 158 Copeland — Notes on the Mammals of Mt. Greylock, Mass. Mountains of New Hampshire — but nowhere else, as far as is known, in Massachusetts. Besides this interesting bird, a number of Canadian birds which occur only sparingly elsewhere in the county, are either common or abundant on Greylock. Such are the Winter Wren, Olive-sided Flycatcher, Mourning Warbler, and Brown Creeper." The mountain has been visited by at least three mammalogists, and is the only locality in the State from which several species of Canadian mammals have been recorded. In May, 1893, Mr. Outram Bangs and Mr. G. S. Miller, Jr., spent a few days on the summit, and Mr. William Dearden made two trips there in 1907-1908, collecting mammals for the Springfield Museum of Natural History. Whenever specimens taken by them add to the value of the list the records are cited. Mr. George A. Bauer, superintendent of the Greylock State Reservation, who for several years has occupied the summit house, is a keen observer of the wild life of the mountain, and has kindly sup- plied me with notes on the occurrence of many of the larger mammals. He is the authority for all statements followed by his initials. Unfortunately it is impossible at this time to make the list complete, as information on certain species is somewhat meagre, and entirely lacking in respect to the bats. We did no trapping below about 2500 feet. Much credit is due my companion, Mr. Julius Rockwell, whose indefatigable zeal in field work made possible the accom- plishment of our purpose. I wish to express my thanks to Mr. Francis W. Rockwell, chairman of the Greylock Reserva- tion Commission, for giving us permission to collect on the mountain, to Messrs. William Dearden and George A. Bauer for supplying me with notes, to Mr. Charles F. Batchelder for allowing me to examine the. type of Sorex dispar, and to Dr. Glover M. Allen for comparing some of my specimens with those in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Odocoileus virginianus borealis. Deer are commonly seen in open fields at about 2600 feet. They have appeared at the summit when driven by dogs. (G. A. B.) Sciurus carolinensis leucotis. Gray squirrels occur at the foot of the mountain hut are rare ahove 1800 feet. They have been recorded rarely at the summit. (G. A. B. ) Copeland — Notes on the Mammals of Mt. Greylock, Mass. 159 Sciurus hudsonicus loquax. The chatter uf the red squirrel was occasionally heard during our col- lecting t rips in the more heavily timbered tract- several hundred feet below the summit. Their cone heaps were noted in favorable localities, and the species may be called rather common over the greater part of the mountain. Tamias striatus lysteri. The chipmunk appears to he more abundant than the last species, and it- call was often heard a few hundred feet below the summit. A single specimen was taken in a mouse trap. Marmota monax. The woodchuck is common and universally distributed over the moun- tain. It was seen at about 2500 feet, and burrows noted several hundred feet higher, where one specimen was recently taken. Sciuropterus sabrinus macrotis. A flying squirrel was drowned in a rain barrel on the summit shortly before our visit, and I had the opportunity of examining its remains and saving the skull. It proved to he the Canadian species. Although a careful search for Hying squirrels was made, no other examples were found. Sciuropterus volans. Mr. 0. Bangs* records a single specimen of the southern flying squirrel. Peromyscus maniculatus gracilis. Only four example- of the Canadian deer mouse were positively identi- fied, although a number of young, which were not preserved, may have been referable to this species. One of the former was brought in by the house cat at the summit house, and the other three were taken at " High Bridge" at an altitude of 2700 feet. Mr. William Dearden reports having found it rather common on the summit, and Mr. Gerrft S. Miller, Jr. ,f records four specimens taken May 8, 1893. The Canadian white-looted mouse has not been taken elsewhere within the State. Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis. This species of white-footed mouse is far more abundant than the pre- ceding, and over thirty were trapped in various localities, principally on the summit. • Proc. Biol. Sue. Wash., Vol. i". 1896, p. 160. 1 Proc. Biol. -or. Wash., Vol. 8, 1893, \>. 69. 160 Copeland — Notes on the Mammals of Ml. Greylock, Mass. Evotomys gapperi ochraceus. The red-backed mouse appears to be the most abundant of the small mammals, and nearly fifty were taken. It was secured in every station trapped where the conditions were at all favorable for its occurrence. Microtus pennsylvanicus. The meadow mouse seems to be rather uncommon, and only nine were secured. Their runways, however, were conspicuous within a limited area a few hundred feet below the summit, but judging from the results of our continued trapping the colony has recently undergone marked depletion. Mr. William Dearden took about 14 specimens. Microtus pinetorum scalopsoides. One of the most interesting and certainly most inexplicable results of our collecting was the capture of seven examples of the northern pine mouse. A small colony was discovered on the very summit of the moun- tain, living in the many cavities which occurred beneath the spreading roots of the rather open growth of spruce and yellow birch. Six were taken here, three of which were about half grown. The other specimen, an adult, was trapped by a hole in the bank of the stream at " High Bridge," two miles and a half down the mountain. Near by were taken such northern species as the woodland jumping mouse and smoky shrew. Dr. Glover M. Allen has kindly compared the series with specimens in the Museum of Comparative Zoology and finds them "quite typical of scalopsoides." How this animal has wandered from its accustomed home and taken up its abode on a mountain top in the midst of Canadian environment, is a question difficult to answer. Springfield, Mass., and Lake George, N. Y., appear to be the nearest points to Mt. Greylock where the pine mouse has been found. It may, therefore, have followed some tributary of the Connecticut or Hudson Rivers, or worked northward through the valley of the Housatonic to the Berkshires. In all likelihood future col- lecting in western Massachusetts will reveal its presence more commonly than is now known. Zapus hudsonius. Only one example of the Hudson Bay jumping mouse was secured. It was taken on the edge of a small grassy clearing surrounding a pond a few rods from the spot where the first specimen of Sorex dispar was captured. Napaeozapus insignis. The woodland jumping mouse is common on Greylock, and no less than twenty-six were trapped. Three were captured in woods on the summit, but the greater number were found on the banks of a mountain Copeland — Notes on the Mammals of Mt. Greylock, Mass. 161 stream which Hows under "High Bridge." It has not been taken else- where in Massachusetts, although previously recorded from Greylock. Erethizon dorsatum. The porcupine is occasionally seen, principally at the summit. (G. A. B. i Lepus americanus virginianus. The varying hare is everywhere common. (G. A. B.) Sylvilagus transitionalis. The cottontail is common at the lower levels of the mountain, but sel- dom seen on the summit. (G. A. B. ) Lynx ruffus. The tracks of the hay lynx are very rarely observed on the mountain. One was seen near " Jones Nose" (about 2700 feet) over four years ago. (G. A. B.) Mr. William Dearden saw one on the Cheshire Harbor trail in July, 1908. Vulpes fulvus. The red fox is a common animal on the lower slopes of the mountain hut is not seen above 2500 feet. (G. A. B. ) Mephitis putida. The skunk occurs commonly down the mountain, and has been re- corded once on the summit. (G. A. B. ) Lutreola vison. Mink are to be found following the mountain streams but do not occur higher than about 2200 feet. (G. A. B. ) Putorius sp. AVeasels are rather common all over the mountain. (( i. A. B.) < )ne was reported during our stay, and we learned that a " family " at one time occupied the summit near the barn. As we were unable to secure any, I can not state which species is the more abundant: P. eicog- nanii or P. noveboracensis. Procyon lotor. Although raccoons are never observed on the summit of the mountain, they occur rather frequently below. One was taken at "High Bridge" about three years ago. (G. A. B. ) Sorex personatus. Seven long-tailed shrews of this species wvrv taken on the summit, where it appeared to be the only representative of the group. One of these was captured l>y the house cat, which during our stay brought in no less than five species of mice and shrews. Mr. William Dearden also found this shrew inhabiting the summit, where he trapped about a dozen. 162 Copeland — Notes on the Mammal* of Mi. Greylock, Mass. Sorex fumeus. Five smoky shrews were taken at "High Bridge" by the edge ot the stream along which woodland jumping mice occurred in abundance. A single specimen was caught in swampy woods, where Sorex digpar was found. Mr. William Dearden secured two specimens on the summit. One of these, which is in the Museum of Natural History at Springfield, Mass., I have had the opportunity to examine through the kindness of the curator. The examples here noted, constitute, I believe, the first records for the State Sorex dispar. Two specimens of this rare shrew were obtained, the first recorded from New England. One was trapped under a rock at the edge of a moist grassy clearing, surrounded by woods, at an altitude of :!000 feet. A brook, which had been dammed to form a shallow pond, flowed through this little meadow, which was inhabited by several species of mice and shrews. The second specimen was taken at a slightly lower altitude in swampy woods of spruce, hemlock and scattered birches thickly carpeted with sphagnum. A small brook ran through the woods, and near it the shrew was trapped in a runway beneath a log. Both specimens agree perfectly with the type in the Batchelder col- lection. Blarina brevicauda talpoides. The short-tailed shrew is one of the most abundant mammals on the mountain, and twenty-rive were taken. It was found in nearly every region trapped. Vol. XXV, pp. 163-164 December 4, 1912 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON DESCRIPTION OF A NEW ANOLIS FROM BRAZIL. BY ALEXANDER G. RUTH YEN. University of Michigan Museum of Natural History. [Published with permission of the Director of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.] A collection of reptiles recently secured for study from the Museum of Comparative Zoology contains a specimen of an apparently undescribed species of Anolis from Santarem, Brazil. I wish to dedicate this species to Charles Linden, in recognition of his excellent work as a collector in tropical America, where he was assistant to Prof. Louis Agassiz during his several years' exploring in Brazil on the famous Thayer Expedition. Anolis lindeni sp. now Diagnosis. — Size rather large. Tail rather strongly compressed to the distal third, with a trenchant dorsal ridge provided with a dorsal series of enlarged scales. Length of tibia equal to distance from end of snout to hall way between eye and ear. Dorsal scales keeled, very small, be- coming slightly larger <>n the median line, and grading into the minute laterals. Ventral scales smooth, much larger than the dorsals. Upper head scales smooth. Occipital scale large, as large as ear opening and larger than adjacent scales, separated from the supraorbital semicircles by a row of large scales. Scales of the supraorbital semicircles large and in contact medially. Digital expansions broad. A few slightly enlarged postanal scales and a moderately well developed gular pouch in the male. Color above, pale yellowish indistinctly marked with brown; a rather poorly defined stripe from eye to above ear. Habitat. — Vicinity of Santarem, Brazil. Type specimen. — Oat. No. 8306, Museum of Comparative Zoology; San- tarem, Brazil; Charles Linden, collector. Description of type, specimen. — Male. Size large, total length, 145 mm.; tail length, 85mm.; hind limb, -IS mm. The adpressed hind limb reaches to about the middle of the eye. Head about once and one-half as long as 31— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XXV, 1912. (163) 164: Ruthven — Description of a New Anolis from Brazil. broad, longer than the tibia by about half the distance between the eye and ear. Upper head scales, except enlarged supraoculars, smooth, 9 and 10 enlarged and feebly keeled supraoculars. Scales of supraorbital semicircles enlarged, the semicircles in contact medially. Occipital scale large, as large as the ear, much larger than adjacent scales, and separated from the supraorbital semicircles by a row of large plates. Canthal scales 2; loreal scales in five rows, 8 upper labials and 7 and 8 lower labials; 2 mental scutes. Ear opening a rather small and nearly vertical oval. Body a little compressed, no dorsal crest. Gular appendage moderately large, scales smooth. Dorsal scales keeled, very small, becoming slightly larger on the median line and grading into the minute laterals. Ventral scales smooth, much larger than the dorsals. Digital expansions broad. Tail rather strongly compressed, and with a sharp ridge, for the proximal two-thirds of its length, distal third rounded. Sides of flattened portion with small obtusely keeled scales between single circumcaudal rings of larger, elongate, obtusely keeled scales; a row of enlarged keeled scales along the top of the crest and several rows on the ventral surface. Pos- teriorly the lateral caudal scales become larger and more sharply keeled and grade into the long, narrow, sharply keeled, and strongly imbricated scales that cover the rounded part. No decidedly enlarged postanal scales. The color can not be made out satisfactorily. The dorsal sur- faces seem to have been yellowish ash, indistinctly marked with dark brown. The darker markings were evidently distinct only on the neck, temporal region and tail; they form a few elongated streaks on the neck, a poorly defined broad stripe from the eye to above the ear, and small spots on the top of the caudal ridge. Lower surfaces yellowish. Vol. XXV, pp. 165-176 December 24, 1912 PROCEEDINGS HI THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON NATURAL HISTORY NOTES ON SOME BEAUFORT^ N. C, FISHES, 1910-1911. No. II. Tki.kostomi. BY E. W. GUDGER. [Published hero by permission of the commissioner of Fisheries.] In the first paper of this series, printed on pages 141-156 of this volume, there were recorded the observations made during 1910 and 1911 on the Elasmobranchs of the region about Beau- fort, X. C. The present paper deals with the teleost fishes and consists, like the first one, of notes on the personal observations of the writer together with data obtained from various other reliable sources. Acknowledgment is gratefully made to Mr. Russell J. Coles and to the- assistance received from Dr. Hugh M. Smith's 'Fishes of North Carolina." The following notes, in many casrs, only corroborate and extend the data presented so admir- ably l»y Dr. Smith. Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus). GAR-PIKE. Two "shell gars" were taken by the writer during the summer of 1910, i iiio nf which was skinned. No measurements were made of the fresh fish, but the dried skin is :; feet o3, inches long. In seining at the Narrows during the latter part of May, 1911, the writer took no fewer than in gar pikes. The first of these, a female, was 42 inches long from ti j » of snoul to tip of caudal I'm, ami M}4 inches in circumference. Autopsy showed the ovary, the right lobe of which was 103^, the left 11)4 inches long, to lie crowded with hlnish-green eggs. The stomach contained 2 partly decomposed fish aboul 8 inches long. In * Both the gars referred in " Notes for 1909 " * 1 i » -* 1 during the winter of L909-10. No record, however, was made of either time or cause. They were in captivity in the laboratory for more than a year, ami probablj for more than 15 months. 32— Proc, Biol. Soc. Wa>h., Vol. XXY, 1912. (165) 1G6 Giidpn — Notes on Some Beaufort, N. C, Fishes. skinning this fish it was found to be very fat, there being a large accumu- lation of this in what might be called the shoulder region. On June 6, 9 specimens were' taken in one haul of the seine at the Narrows at Rockfish Rock. These measured overall: 26 inches (3 speci- mens), 27;^}, .'!"). .">", :'>7'.j ( - specimens), and 44'.j inches. Strong pres- sure brought neither eggs nor sperm from these fish, it being probably too early in the season — which it will be remembered had been a very cold and backward one. The largest of these gars (a male), which was the largest the writer has ever seen at Beaufort, was thrown into the bottom of the fishing skiff and brought 7 miles to the laboratory. Being put in a tank of salt water it soon recovered and became quite normal. On the next day the water was drawn off that the fish might die, but as it refused to do so it was killed by having its throat cut. It may be remarked here that two or three gars were kept for a week in sea water of a density of about 1.023 without any apparent discomfort, in fact they seemed as much at home in this as in fresh water. The following measurements were made of the large fish above re- ferred to: Length over all 44}*>' inches Head to hinder edge of opercle 14 inches Upper edge of caudal fin 4 inches Lower edge of caudal fin (> inches Right lobe of testis 8 inches Left lobe of testis 11 inches Length of mouth 1% inches Vertical gape of mouth 5% inches Diameter of orbit of eye % inch Circumference of snout at end of lower jaw . . . \% inches Snout at angle of jaw Clinches Head around eyes 8J4 inches Head at hinder edge of opercle 1 0)4 inches Body at front of pelvic fins 14 inches Tail at front of base of caudal li inches Spread of pectorals 9 inches Anguilla chrisypa Rafinesque. (V) FRESII-WATKR EEL. On June 15, 1911, while fishing with a dip net in a small brook at the Hammocks on the eastern side of Beaufort, 2 little eels were taken which at first were thought to be young Amphiurnas. One got away but the other was safely brought to the laboratory where it was kept until it caused its own death by climbing over the edge of the aquarium. It was very long in the tail region, i. e. back of the anus. Its body was semi- transparent, so that when looked at from above its blood-red gills showed up prominently, and in lateral view not only these but the viscera could be seen. It was impossible on account of its very small size to count the fin rays, hence the doubt about its identification. Gudgei — Notes on Some Beaufort, X. C, Fishes. 167 Bascanichthys scuticaris (Goode and Bean). BLACK-SNAKE EEL. In 1906, on July 31, Dr. II. E. Enders dug up, in a sandy shoal south- west from the laboratory and distant some 300 yards, a specimen of the black-snake eel, the firsl ever taken in the waters of North Carolina. On .Inly 10, 1911, one of the assistants dug np on the same shoal an- other but smaller specimen. Enders' specimen was broughl in uninjured and kept for nearly three weeks before it finally died. The second speci- men was cut nearly in two by the spade used in digging. Enders' specimen was 89.2 cm. long, of which length the dorsal fin covered 86.5 cm., while the anal was 39 cm. long. The 191 I specimen was 40.3 em. long over all. The dorsal was 38.5 em. and the anal 17.5 em. in length. The head from the tip of the snout to the hinder edge of the gill slits measured 2.2 em., while the distance from the snout to the eye was .:'> cm. The skin over the head was plaited in numerous very small longi- tudinal folds. The color above was greenish olive, helow cream white. Coles (1910) took a small specimen in a dip net at Cape Lookout in 1909. It was drifting near his boat when a small school of frigate mack- erel came swimming by. Several of these snapped at the eel and muti- lated its tail. The specimen is now in the museum at Beaufort. Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe). MENHADEN. This fish was very scarce from May 25-July 31, 1910. During the latter part of May and the first of June a few small catches were made. On July 19 the wind changed from S. W. to \V\, X. \\\, X. and X. E. The latter wind brought a few schools of " fat-hacks" into the harbor, the first one noticed being near the lahoratory island on the afternoon, of that day. Two days later one boat got a small load inside the harbor. Toward the close of September the fish reappeared in large numbers, and the most enormous catches in the history of Beaufort were made. The fail- ure of this fishery during the early part of the season brought great hard- ship to the fishermen and to those who had invested in boats and gear for this work. In 1911 the fish, though not so scarce as in 1910, was by no means abundant in June and July. Synodus foetens (Linnaeus). LIZARD-FISH. The lizard-fish is abundant in Beaufort Harbor, hut rarely measures more than S or 10 inches. One, taken by some fishermen at the corner of Bird Shoal, near the inner beacon, on June 28, 1911, measured 13^ inches over all. It is reported that specimens 2 feet long have been taken, hut this is the largest which the writer has seen. Coles i 1910) reports these fish as fairly common at Cape Lookout, where they seem to he solitary in habit and are given to lying motionless in eel-grass, alongside a piece of timber, or half-buried in sand. He finds that they are voracious Liters at the hook. 168 Gudger— -Notes on Some Beaufort, N. C, Fishes. Tylosurus marinus (Walbaum). i, KEEN GAR. Tylosurus acus (Lacepede). GAR-FISH. On July 2, 1910, there was captured near the inner beacon in Beaufort Harbor a, Tylosurus marinus 2\}4 inches long. Smith notes that the maximum size is about 4 feet, the average \% to 2 feet. On July 6 at the same place there was taken a Tylosurus acus 33 inches Ions;. This was a female with an abdomen but K!1., inches long, through which stretched the alimentary canal, straight from mouth to anus. One horn of the ovary was rudimentary, measuring hut % to % inch, the other however was 9 inches long. The liver likewise had hut one lobe. The air bladder was greatly dilated and was seemingly divided into com- partments. It is interesting to find that Sir Hans Sloane, as early as 1725, in describing the green gar-fish or needle-fish of Jamaica, Acus vulgaris, noted that " Its Stomach was in no ways to be distinguished from the Aesophagus or depth was :>.i4 inches. Its dorsal fin had 60 and its anal 27 rays. The profile of its head was not of the typically vertical shape but more pointed, in this respect agreeing with the small dolphin, Coryphaena equisetis, from which, however, it was excluded by the num- ber of the lin rays. It was plainly a young hippurus, the adult of which is known to reach a length of 6 feet. Coles reports that lie has taken the dolphin by trolling in the breakers at Cape Lookout. Twice he has eaten of this fish and found it fairly good. His fishermen, however, refused to touch it, declaring that it was poisonous. Lobotes surinamensis (Bloch). TRIPLE-TAIL. In "Notes for 1909" the writer recorded the length of some large triple-tails or Hashers as ]SL>, 21, 2:'., 25, and 25 inches. Unfortunately there was no means at hand for weighing these specimens. In 1910 the c litions were reversed, the two fine specimens caught being weighed but not measured.* One tipped the beam at 12 pounds, the other at 17)^. The largest hitherto recorded for Beaufort weighed 11 pounds. The writer had no idea of the power of these fish until he at- tempted to catch and lift into the boat the larger of the above specimens. It not only spined him and broke away but deluged everybody in its flurries. Coles relates that in 1909 he captured at Cape Lookout a "steamboat" (so called from its splashing habits when taken in a net) which weighed 26 pounds. However, large and powerful as were these fish, especially the last, they do not measure up to those found in the East Indies. Ten- nison-Woods (1888) captured on the north coast of Borneo a specimen nearly three feet long. Archosargus probatocephalus (Walbaum). SHEEPSHEAD. On June 20, 1911, some fishermen on the outer side of Bird Shoal took a large specimen of this fish. It measured from tip of snout to tip •These fish were taken by Capt. J. E. I. '-wis. of Morehead City, to whom the writer i> indebted for many other interesting specimens. 172 Gudgei — Notes on Some Beaufort, N. C, Fishes. of tail 17^ inches, and in depth (body only) 6J4 inches. Tin fortunately the writer had no means at hand for weighing this, the largest sheepshead he has ever seen. Diplodus holbrookii (Bean). SP< ITTKD-TAILED PIN-FISH. Jordan and Gilbert reported this fish as very abundant in Beaufort waters in 1879, but not until the writer had hauled for several summers on the edges of the shoals with a small-meshed seine did he take any, and when caught they were thought to be new to Beaufort. During the sum- mer of 1!)11 large schools of young were seen playing around the jetties on the inside of Shackleford Hanks. In the clear water the spot at the bases of their caudal fins could be easily seen. During various years since 1900, but always in .luly, Coles has taken the adult fish in great numbers at the " Rocks," about 2 miles out from New River Inlet. These were 12-13 inches in length and averaged about \% pounds in weight. He has often taken the young but never any adults at Cape Lookout. From this it would seem that New River Inlet is about the northern limit of adults. Cynoscion regalis (Bloch and Schneider). GRAY TROUT. The largest gray trout, which the writer took during the summer of 1910 measured ISj^ inches in length and weighed a lull two pounds. However, toward the close of July, some menhaden fishermen made a catch of "fatbacks" near the railroad bridge at Beaufort, and got a number of trout running in weight from 2}4 to 7 pounds. These of course were "outside"' fish which had come in with the menhaden to feed on them. According to Smith (1907), the average weight for this fish is about 2 pounds, though they frequently run 5 to l> pounds, occasionally to twice as much, while the maximum recorded is 40 pounds. Micropogon undulatus (Linnaeus). CROAKER. In all bis seining around Beaufort the writer has never caught so many croakers, and these of such large size, as during 1910. In one haul at the Narrows, nearly a boat load of fish ranging from it-12 inches were caught. Even the experienced fishermen expressed their surprise at both their size and abundance. The largest taken during this season were 14% and 153^ inches long. The latter weighed \}.2 pounds. The largest taken in 1911 measured \'2% and L3 inches respectively. Sciaenops ocellatus (Linnaeus). RED DRUM. During the summer of 1911 the writer collected 3 young red drum which were among the most beautiful fish he has ever seen at Beaufort. The first, taken June 23, in West Bay of Marker's Island opening on the Gudgei — Notes on Some Hum fart, N. C, Fishes. 173 " Straits," was 17 inches long. After death the tip of the caudal became a fine cobalt blue working up toward purple as time passed. On the fol- lowing day two others were taken in North River. One, measuring 17\> inches over all, had the black spots at the root of the tail as shown by Smith ( 1907 ) in plate 19, but lacked the lateral one. The other measured 25 inches and had 2 spots at the root of the caudal, hut the lateral mark- ing was on the right side just below and behind the junction of the spinous and soft parts of the dorsal. Menticirrhus americanus (Linnaeus). SKA MULLET. The largest sea mullet, taken hy the laboratory crew in 1910, measured I-V, inches in length and weighed 2 pounds. These fish occasionally run to •"> pounds in weight but such specimens are rare. On June 20, 1911, ('apt. Lewis took in Newport River two measuring lo)4 inches each. Pogonias chromis (Linnaeus). SEA DRUM; BLACK DRUM. ('apt. Oscar Noe, superintendent of a menhaden fish factory at Beau- fort, reports that about May 10, 1911, a menhaden boat in making a catch of that fish outside, took and brought in a great school of sea drum. These equalled 50,000 menhaden measure, i. e., filled a great bin to the point that 50,000 menhaden would have done. Schools of these drum are often a great nuisance to the menhaden fishermen. Ceratacanthus schoepfii (Walbaum). KILE-FISH; FOOL-FISH. On June 9, 1^10, there was taken near the upper beacon in Newport River a large file-fish. Its length all over was 18 inches, the depth was <;78 inches, the greatest thickness \% inches, and its weight \% pounds. The ground color of this fish was a dirty cream and this was flecked over the whole body with bright orange. The anus measured \l of an inch, a long narrow slit with its edges closely beset with granulations. A long bone extended on the ventral side from the throat region clear back to the middle of the belly. Under the forward end of this bone and between the bases of the pectoral arches, and completely separated from the belly cavity hy these bones lay the heart in close juxtaposition to the gills. This heart was curiously elongated, measuring about one inch in length. On June 9, 1911, another large specimen of this fish was taken in the laboratory pound net. Its extreme length was 1734 inches, depth 6J4 inches; its dorsal spine was 2% inches long, and the diameter of its eye % of an inch. Its general color was a hright orange yellow, while in the dorsal region it was a dirty brownish black. Smith assigns 2 feet as the maximum size of this fish, hut these two are the largest the writer has seen. The second one unfortunately could not be dissected. 174 Gwlgn — Notes on Some Beaufort, N. C. , Fishes. Leptecheneis naucrates (Linnaeus). SHARK'S PILOT; REMORA. Early in August, 1900, Coles brought in from Cape Lookout a Lepte- cheneis naucrates of large size. After being in weak formalin for a year, it measured 32 inches long over all. The sucker, which was 6% inches long and 2% inches wide (outside measurements), had 22 valves. During the summer of 1010 Coles captured another fish of about the same size at the Cape. 1 le says that specimens of this size are by no means rare there. This is undoubtedly due to the large number of great sharks, huge rays and giant turtles, their hosts. ( )n July 13, l!ll(), a 14-inch specimen of this fish was taken oft* the laboratory wharf with hook and line. This is the first instance known to the writer of this fish being caught in this manner, though Smith in his Fishes of North Carolina says that such captures are sometimes made and Coles affirms that they bite vigorously at the hook and give good sport. This specimen had IS laminae in its sucker. Smith ( 1007) says the number varies from 20 to 28 for this fish and that Beaufort specimens generally have 23 laminae. The writer took on a shark hook off the laboratory wharf at Beaufort in the summer of 1902, a 6-foot sharp-nosed shark (species undetermined ) which bail attached to it a remora 12 or 15 inches long. This sucker-tish was greatly disturbed as the shark was drawn up on the wharf. Whenever that part of its friend's body to which it was attached was drawn up out of the water, it would drop down into the water, dash wildly about, and then reattach itself lower down to again go through the same performance. An attempt was made to catch it with a dip net but it was too agile to permit this. When the shark was finally drawn up on the wharf, the remora disappeared into the deeper water. Lophius piscatorius Linnaeus. GOOSE-FISH; ANGLER. During the winter of 1000 a fisherman found and brought to the laboratory a large Lophius piscatorius which had drifted on one of the marshes. Director Aller, not having any receptacle large enough to hold it, preserved only the head. Measured in a straight line from the tip of the lower jaw to a line joining the anterior edges of the bases of the pectorals, its length was 14)^ inches, and its greatest width was 18 inches. The gape of the mouth from right to left was 12)^ inches; the vertical gape, because of the bad condition of the head, could not be determined with any accuracy. The width (inside) between the eyes was A% inches. Both jaws were studded with sharp thorn-like teeth, the longest measuring % of an inch as it. stood fixed in the jaw. The two spines on the head had lost their covering of flesh and skin. The shorter was 3% inches, the longer 5% inches in length. The fore and aft measurement of the pectoral was {)% inches, and its length from the body out was 6% inches. The goose-fish, locally called "all-mouth toad," is rarely found in Beau- fort harbor, more frequently coming ashore at Cape Lookout. Gudger — Notes on Some Beaufort, Ar. C, Fishes. 17-") Pterophryne histrio (Linnaeus). SARGASSUM-FISH. But little more abundant than the angler is its diminutive relative the sargassum-fish, which comes into Beaufort harbor anchored in the drifting seaweed of the same name. Sharp lookoul was kept for this fish all summer ( 1910), but, despite the strong southern winds, no weed came in and the search w as futile. This tish, like the angler, lays a long gelatinous egg raft in which the ova are imbedded. This was first noted by Smith (1898) at the Woods Hole laboratory, and later corroborated by' Gudger (1905) at the Beaufort station. Literature Cited. L910. Coles, Russell J. Observations on the Habits and Distribution of Certain Fishes taken on the Coast of North Carolina. Bulletin American Museum of Natural History, Vol. XXVIII, art. 28, Nov., L910. L905. Gudger, E. YV. A Note on the Eggs and Egg-laying of Pteruph- ryne histrio, the gulfweed tish. Science, n. s., Vol. XXII, pp. 841-843. L910. Gudger, E. W. Noteson Some Beaufort Fishes — lllOlt. American Naturalist, Vol. XLIV, July, 11)10, pp. 395-403. L912. Gudger, E. W. Natural History Noteson Some Beaufort, N. C, Fishes, 1910-11. No. 1. Elasmobranchii — with Special Refer- ence to Utero-gestation. Proceedings Biological Society of Washington, Vol. XXV, pp. 141-156. 1879. Jordan, D. S., and Gilbert, C. II. Notes on Fishes of Beaufort Harbor, North Carolina. Proceedings U. S. National Museum, Vol. I, for 1S7S, pp. 365-388. 1898. Smith, II. M. Fishes Found in the Vicinity of Woods Hole. Bulletin United States Fish Commission, Vol. XVII, for 1897, p. 109. 1907. Smith, II. M. The Fishes of North Carolina. X. C. Geological and Economic Survey. Raleigh. 1725. Sloane, Sir Hans. Natural History of Jamaica, Vol. II, p. 283. London. 1888. Tcnnison-Woods, ,1. E. Fisheries of the Oriental Region. Pro- ceedings Linnaean Society of New South Wales, ser. 2, Vol. Ill, part I, p. 197. Vol. XXV, pp. 177-180 December 24, 1912 PROCEEDINGS OF III E BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON MAMMALS FROM YUNNAN AND TONKIN. BY GLOVER M. ALLEN. The Museum of Comparative Zoology has lately received a small collection of mammals from Tonkin and the neighboring portion of southeastern Yunnan, China. These were obtained from the same region whence the British Museum recently had a collection containing sundry remarkable novelties, described by Thomas and Dollman. Two of the squirrels in this second collection seem to represent undescribed races, and these are here named. I have also appended some additional notes on a line adult male of the new snub-nosed monkey of Tonkin de- scribed by Dollman. Sciurus castaneoventris haemobaphes subsp. now Type.— Skin and skull, male, M. 0. Z. L3.693, from Chih-ping, south- eastern Yunnan, L'b' February, 1911. General characters. — A small squirrel of the castaneoventris type, differ- ing from other described forms in the combination of blackish ringers and toes, buffy to pale ochraceous ears ; the mixture of ochraceous hairs with the otherwise clear hazel of the throat, producing a more or less yellow patch, and the restriction of the bright hazel of the inferior side of the hind legs to a narrow area that does not quite reach the heel and docs not include the anus and base of the tail. Description. — Head, including checks and chin, dorsal surface of body and of limbs except the feet a uniform grizzled cream butt" and black, slightly darker over the mid-dorsal area, where the individual hairs are either entirely Mack or black with one or two hurt' rings. Those with a bully ring of about 2 nun. and a long black tip of 6 or 8 mm. predominate. On the tail these rings increase in number and extent, and form on the terminal two-thirds indistinct transverse hands, with an outer fringe formed by the long hurt' or ochraceous tips. At the tip of the tail the terminal ochraceous hand and the subterminal black portions of the hairs are much longer then elsewhere and form thus a black patch with a dis- 33— Proc. la.ii . Soc, Wash., Vol. XXV, L912. (177) ITS Allen — Mammals from Yunnan and Tonkin. tinct ochraceous tip. The ears are covered with short buff hairs, becom- ing in some specimens ochraceous but never the bright hazel of the belly. Feet darker than the back ; the toes nearly black with a fine ticking of buffy. The under surfaces of body and limbs, except the chin, are clear brig] it hazel mixed on the upper throat with ochraceous hairs which stand in strong contrast and vary in amount from a few in the median line to a distinct patch tapering to the middle of the cbest. The anal region and base of the tail below are like the back, instead of being included in the general chestnut color of the belly. Skull. — The skull is distinctly smaller than that of the neighboring race bonhotei of which the Museum has a series from Szechwan. Measurements. — The type was measured by the collector as follows: head and body, 240 mm.; tail, 155; hind foot, 51; ear, 24. The skull measures: condylobasal length, 48 mm.; basal length, 45; zygomatic breadth, 20; interorbital constriction, 17; nasals, 14; diastema, 10.5. Remarks. — The Museum of Comparative Zoology has a fine series of .S'. c. bonhotei of Szechwan lately described by Messrs. Robinson and Wroughton, so that I have been able to make direct comparison between this and the series from the lower country in extreme southeastern Yun- nan. The larger size, more burly upper surfaces, bright chestnut ears, and clear ferruginous underparts including anus, base of tail, and legs to the sole of the feet distinguish bonhotei at once. From S. c. michianus, described by the same authors,* from Mee Chee, Yunnan, it differs in having the ears much paler than the belly, the hands and feet nearly black, and the hazel of the throat more or less mixed with ochraceous anteriorly. According to Bonhote, typical castaneoventris is found in Fokien to the northeast, and he has described a grayer race from Ningpo. The new subspecies here recognized seems to represent a southeasterly offshoot in the low hill country of this part of Yunnan. Dremomys pernyi flavior subsp. now Type. — Skin and skull, male, M. C. Z. 13,691, from Mongtz, southeast- ern Yunnan, i'.M 1 . General characters. — Similar to D. pernyi but smaller and yellower in general coloration. The median area of the under side of the tail is yel- lowish or buffy instead of whitish. Description. — Entire upper surface of the head (except ears), neck, body, limbs, and base of tail a nearly uniform grizzled buff'y and black, slightly clearer buff" on cheeks and hips, and with an ill defined pale buff eyering. Both surfaces of the ears covered with short hairs of a pale ochraceous-rufous, deepest at the posterior basal portion. Chin, throat, belly and inner sides of the legs white, washed with pale buff on the throat. The white hairs, except on the chin, have dark slaty bases. Anal region pale ochraceous-rufous, this color extending on to the base of the tail below, and the inner sides of the tibial margin of the legs. Above, the tail is colored at the base like the back, but distally the * Robinson, II. ('., and Wroughton, R. C. On five new sub-species of Oriental Squir- rels. Journ. Federated Malay States Museums 1911, vol. 4, p. 'J:;t. Allen — Mammals from Yunnan and Tonkin. 17'J hairs become tricolor, ochraceous-buff at the base, followed by a broad black band, and succeeded l>y a long white tip, so as to produce a some- what barred effect with a white fringe. Below, the central area of the tail except at the very base, is cream buff, bordered by black and fringed with white, thus differing markedly from I), pernyi in which the long white-tipped hairs cover the greater part of the lower side. Skull. — Compared with a scries of skulls of typical pernyi from Szech- wan in the collection of the Museum, that of the new race is decidedly smaller and with apparently shorter nasals. Measurements. — The skin of the type hears the following measurements made by the collector: head and body, 1<>4 mm.; tail, 126; hind foot, 38; car, 24. The skull, which unfortunately lacks the condylar portion, measure-: occipito-nasal length, 47.5; nasals, Hi; fronto-parietal suture to tip of nasals, 36; least interorbital width, 14; zygomatic breadth, 23; diastema, 1 1 : upper cheek teeth, !t. Rhinopithecus avunculus Dollman. In the Proceedings of the Zoological .Society of London, L912, part 2, p. 503, Mr. Guy Dollman has lately described a fourth species of the remarkable snub-nosed monkeys of eastern Asia. The type was an adult female from Yen-bay, Tonkin, and the specimen was accompanied by a young animal. The coloration is described as in general, "with dorsal surface of body black and underparts yellowish huff." This style of col- oring more nearly resembles that of A', roxellanae than of A', bieti, and the skull likewise is more as in the former species. The Museum of Comparative Zoology has just acquired a skin and skull of this fine monkey, representing an adult male, from Tonkin, probably near the type locality. The coloration is slightly different from that described for the type, in which the entire ventral surface of the body is yellowish buff, extending down on the inner sides of the legs to the hands and feet. In this male specimen, however, the " yellowish hull" i- reduced to a collar, encircling the throat, except tor the black dorsal area of the neck. The chin, cheeks, chest, belly and inner sides of the limbs are whiU with a scattering of long black hairs. A very faint bllffy wash may be seen on the chest and arms, but this is hardly noticeable. The measurements of this adult male considerably exceed those of the adult female as given by Dollman. J have appended therefore the col- lector's measurements of the male, together with the cranial measure- ments, and in parentheses after each, the corresponding dimensions as given for the type. Head and body, 1420 mm. (520); tail, 860 (660); bind foot [from dry skin], 199 (165) ; ear, 43 (40). Skull: greatest length, 1 -'■» < 109); basilar length, 83 (68); zygomatic breadth, 96 (77); greatest breadth across orbital region, 87.5 (72.5); greatest diameter of orbit, 30 (28); interorbital constriction, 17. (11); greatest width of cranium, 79 (Us.:;); palatilar length, 42 (32.9); width of palate inside m1,24(20.5); length of upper toothrow from front of first premolar to back of last molar, 31 (30). Vol. XXV, pp. 181-184 December 24, 1912 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON FIVE NEW MAMMALS FROM ASIA. BY X. HOLLISTER. At * W* The following new forms of mammals have been found in the Asiatic collections in the United States National Museum dur- ing progress of work in determining a collection from the Altai Mountains. The descriptions are published here by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. Lepus aurigineus sp. nov. Typt from Chiu Keang, northern Iviang-si, China. United States National .Museum No. jHHj skin and skull of $ adult. Collected December 27, 1880. General characters. — Externally much like Lepus sinensis, but more yellowish, less mottled with blackish; sides almost pure unmottled yel- lowish-buff. Skull with much broader and shorter nasals. ( 'olor of i ape. — General color of upperparts yellowish-burl', mottled with brownish-black; darkest on head ami lower hack. Cheeks in front of whiskers, spot before eye, and eye ring, cream burl'. Back of ears, out- side, bully brown, exactly the color of top of head, with butt' bonier; inside of back of ears ochraceous; lining of ears cinnamon-ochraceous ; tip black. Nape pale cinnamon; sides of body pale yellowish-buff. Legs outside and chest-band pale cinnamon; rest of underparts, including inner sides of leys, pure white, the hairs clear white to base. Skull. — Differs from the skull of Lepus sinensis in being shorter; and ill having greater interorbital breadth, much shorter and broader nasals, and heavier supraorbital processes. Measurements from well shaped dry skin of type. — Length of head and body, 390 rnm. ; hind foot, L03. The specimen is marked by collector, "head to tail, 20 inches." Skull of type.— Greatest length, 7(5; zygo- matic breadth, 39; greatest length nasals, 32.3; mesal length nasals, 22.2; greatest breadth nasals, 20;. least breadth nasals, 12.4; least inter- orbital breadth, 17.1; length of upper tooth row, alveoli, 14. li. Remarks. — The superficial resemblance of this hare to a specimen of 34— Proo. Biol. Sog, Wash., Vol. XXV, 1912. (181) 182 Hollistei — Five New Mammals from Asia. Le pus sinensis from Shanghai is remarkable; buta careful comparison of the two species discloses differences of such weight, that it seems un- likely they are of the same group, or that intergradation is possible. Lepus quercerus sp. nov. Type from Chuisaya Steppe, Altai Mountains, Siberia. United States National Museum No. 175,446, skin and skull of cj1 adult. Collected July 28, 1912, by N. Hollister. Orig. No. 4405. General characters. — Like Lepus zaisanicus Satunin, but with much longer ears, much less gray, and with a tint of vinaceous-buff throughout coloration of upperparts. Color of type. — General color of upperparts and sides pinkish-buff, mixed with blackish, and with a decided tint of vinaceous-buff. Sides of nose and base of ears gray; inside of back of ears pale Isabella color, huffy at fold; outside of back nearly white; lining of ears white, a dark brown stripe, for two-thirds the length, near border of buff; tips blackish, extending downwards for 15 millimeters on outside, but showing from inside only as a narrow rim. Nape clay color; rump grayer than back, lacking most of the huffy and vinaceous-buff wash. Tail white, with broad black band above. Outsides of legs pale cinnamon; chest-band dark clay color; rest of underparts, including insides of legs, white, the underfur narrowly gray at base. Skull. — Differs from skull of L. zaisanicus in narrower interorbital region, closely compressed posterior lobe of supraorbital process, attenu- ated nasals, and less protruding incisors. Measurements of type.— Head and body, 470 mm. ; tail vertebrae, 86; hind foot, 115. Skull : Greatest length, 82; basal length, 64.5 ; zygomatic breadth, 41.5; greatest length nasals, 34.2; least interorbital breadth, 14. S; alveolar length of upper tdothrow, 14. 3. Remarks. — Hares collected in the frontier range of the Little Altai, in the neighborhood of Tchegan-Burgazi Pass, have been provisionally re- ferred to Lepus zaisanicus Satunin, with the description of which they agree very well. As Satunin does not describe nor figure the skull of this hare, it is of course impossible to say just what the relationship is. In the foregoing description of the hare of the Chuisaya Steppe, the compari- sons are made with these specimens from the Tchegan-Burgazi Pass. The difference in color between the two species is even more pronounced in specimens in the Juvenal and post-juvenal pelage than in the adults. The young of the species I have referred to L. zaisanicus are gray, while the young of L. quercerus in comparable pelage are decidedly yellowish- buff. Lepus swinhoei sowerbyae subsp. nov. Type from Wu-tsai, 20 miles west of Ning-wu-fu, northern Shansi, China; 6000 feet. United States National Museum No. 172,628, skin and skull of c? adult. Collected February 5, 1910, by Arthur de C. Sowerby. Orig. No. 365. Hollistet — Five New Mammals from Asia. 183 General characters. — Like Lepus swinhoei subluteus, bul with grayer rump, lighter pinkish-buff chest-band, and more white on undersides of fore legs. Skull. — Larger and heavier than skull of subluteus, with larger audita) bull®. Measurements of type. — Head and body, 445 mm. ; tail vertebrae, 125; hind foot, 118; car, LOO. Skull: Greatest length, 81); basal length, 72; greatest length nasals, 38; greatest breadth nasals, 19; zygomatic breadth, 42. Specimens examined. — Two, from the type locality. At Mr. Sowerby's request this hare is named for Mrs. Sowerhy, who accompanied her husband on the trip during which the type was col- lected and aided materially in the scientific work. Lepus brachyurus angustidens subsp. nov. Type from Tate Vania Mountain, Hondo Island, Japan. United States National Museum No. \ \ ■] ',, skin and skull of c? adult. Collected De- cember 14, IS82, by P. L. Jouy. Characters. — Like Lepus brachyurus brachyurus, but more richly col- ored in both light and dark pelages; upper and lower teeth smaller, the upper cheek teeth conspicuously narrower. Measurements of type skull. — Greatest length, 88.5 mm.; basal length, 71; zygomatic breadth, 44. o; least interorbital breadth, 18.3; least post- orbital breadth, 10.5; greatest length of nasals, ; :!!l ; length of upper tooth row, crowns, 15; greatest width upper molars, 6.2; length of lower tooth row, crowns, to. 7. Remark*. — The northern mountain race appears to be a more richly colored animal than brachyurus in any phase; that is, specimens in the ordinary brown coat, and in the somewhat melanistic state common to both regions, are more richly colored than comparable examples from the Tokyo region. The difference in the size of the teeth is quite sufficient to warrant the separation, should the color difference prove unreliable. Temminck gave the distribution of brachyurus as all the Japanese Empire; but as the type specimens, still in the Leyden Museum, were collected by Siebold, there can he no doubt that, in dividing the species, the new name should be given to the form inhabiting the northern mountains. My comparisons have been made with a series of seven skins and skulls from Hitachi Province, north of Tokyo. The name Lepus brachyotis Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1862, p. 360, is an accidental renaming of Lepus brachyurus Temminck. I am informed by Dr. Leonhard Stejneger that the recognition of this additional Japanese hare is in entire accord with the faunal areas of Hondo. Eutamias asiaticus altaicus subsp. nov. Typ> from Tapucha, Altai Mountains, Siberia; 6900 feet. United States National Museum No. L 75, 501, skin and skull of c? adult. Collected August 8, p.iii', by N. Hollister. Orig. No. 4474. 184 Hollister — Five New Mammal* from Asia. General characters. — Like Eutamias asiaticus asiaticas, but darker and less brightly colored ; rump, hips and legs especially darker, with less bright yellowish-buff in the coloration. Skull. — The skull averages larger than that of E. asiaticus; posterior border of zygomatic process of squamosal leaves braincase at same angle as general bow of zygomatic arcli [in asiaticus more at right angles with sides of zygomata, with conspicuous concavity behind]. Measurements of type. — Head and body, 167 millimeters; tail vertebrae, 105; hind foot, without claws, 35.5. Skull: greatest length, '41.4; condy- lobasal length, o7.5; zygomatic breadth, 2.'!. 4; least interorhital breadth, 9.5; alveolar length of upper tooth row, <>.5. Remarks. — As it becomes necessary to divide into two forms the chip- munks heretofore known as Eutamias asiaticus asiaticus (Gmelin), the name asiaticus may properly be restricted to the subspecies characterized by Dr. .J. A. Allen in 1903* from Gichiga. In the present account of E. a. altaicus, I have been able to compare the series of twelve specimens of the new form directly with six specimens from Gichiga, in the same pelage, kindly lent me by Doctor Allen. * Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., XIX, pi>. 137-139, 190:!. Vol. XXV, pp. 185-188 December 24, 1912 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON GENERAL NOTES. A NEW NAME FOR TAN AGRA SCLATERI BERLEPSCH. Dr. ('. W. Richmond (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas., 35, No. 1656, Dec. 16, L908, 644) lias shown that Tanagra Linnaeus can not ho used for the birds that have usually been placed in this genus, but that Thraupis Boie will have to be used. He lixes the type of Tanagra upon Fringilla riolacea Linn., therefore Tanagra sclaterl Berlepsch (Ibis, 1880, 112) be- comes untenable on account of Tanagra sclaterl ( Euphonia sclaterl Sun- devall, Oefv. Vet. Ak. Forh. Stockh., 1869, 596), and the bird described by von Berlepsch under the above name may be called Thraupis epis= copus nesophilus. — /. H. Riley. THE NAMES OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN GOATS. The specific name montanus, applied to the Rocky Mountain Goat (Ovis montanus Ord, 1815), is preoccupied by Oris montana Schreber, Die Saugthiere, plate 294 D, published, according to Sherborn (P. Z. S., 1891, p. 587), in 1804; and by Ovis montana Tiedemann, Zoologie, I, p. 404, 1808, both synonyms of Ovis canadensis Shaw and Ovis cervina Des- marest, 1804. The earliest available name for the Mountain Goat is R uplcapra americana Blainville, 1816. Though described from "North America," it may properly be restricted to the first recognized form, long known as Oreamnos montanus, inhabiting the Cascade Mountains, and the nearby ranges. Blainville, in his preliminary arrangement of the ungulates, divided his comprehensive genus Cerophorus into what he called sub-genera, of which Rupicapra, with three species, including "A. americana"* is one; but in his diagnoses of new species which follows he first characterized the goat under the combination Rupicapra ameri- cana. The name applied to one of the two suhspecies of Oreamnos montanus described by Dr. J. A. Allen in 1004, 0. m. columbianus (Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., XX, p. 20), is preoccupied by the Capra columbiana of Desmoulins, 1823, a synonym of Ovis montanus Ord. On my calling Dr. * Not Antilope americana Ord, as stated by Palmer, Index Gen. Mamm., p. 613; but a tinmen nudum, really referring to the animal he later diagnosed under the name Rupicapra americana, the Rocky Mountain Goat. 30— Pkoc. Biol. Soc. Wash.. Vol. XXV, 1912. (185) 186 General Notes. Allen's attention to this fact, he has suggested that I rename his race, and I therefore propose for it the name Oreamnos americanus columbise. The Rocky Mountain Goats, with the exception of Oreamnos kennedeyi Elliot, will stand then as follows: Oreamnos americanus americanus (Blainville). L815. Ovis montanus Ord, Guthrie's geogr., 2d Amer. ed., II, p. 292 ( not Oris montana Schreber 1S04; not Ovis montana Tiedemann 1808). islti. R[upicapra] americana Blainville, Bull. sci. soc. philom. Paris, p. 80. (North America. ) 1S17. Mazama dorsata Rafinesque, Amer. monthly mag., II, p. 44 ( new name for Ovis montanus Ord). 1 s 1 7 . Mazama sericea Rafinesque, Amer. monthly mag., II, p. 44 ( new- name for Rupicapra americana Blainville). 1822. Antilope lanigera Smith, Trans. Linn, soc., XIII, p. 3S (new name for Rupicapra americana Blainville). 1823. Capra columbiana Desmoulins, Diet, class, hist, nat., Ill, p. 580 (new name for Ovis montanus Ord). Oreamnos americanus missoulae Allen. 1904. Oreamnos montanus missouhr Allen, Bull. Amer. mus. nat. liist., XX, p. 20. (Missoula, .Montana.) Oreamnos americanus columbiae new name. 1904. Oreamnos montanus coiumbianus Allen, Bull. Amer. mus. nat. hist., XX, p. 20 (Shesley Mountains, northern British Colum- bia; not Capra columbiana Des.moi.ixs 182.°)). As we must date Oris montana from Schreber 1804, instead of from Cuvier 1817, the name requires consideration, with canadensis and cervina, in the next contribution to the nomenclature of the Rocky Mountain Sheep. — -V. Hollister. THE TYPE LOCALITY OF PROECHIMYS STEEREI GOLDMAN. When the original description of Proechimys steerei Goldman was pub- lished* the type locality was given as " Rio Purus, a southern tributary of the Amazon, in northwestern Brazil," this being at that time the only data available in regard to the specimens on which the species is based. A letter from Dr. J. B. Steere, the collector, bearing date of January 8, 1912, contains the additional information that the specimens all came from Hyutanahan, a small village of rubber gatherers, on the north side of the Rio Purus, in the upper part of its course. The species seemed to be abundant. —E. A. Goldman. * Proc. I'.iol. Soc. Wash., XXIV, pp. 238-239, Nov. 28, 1911. General Notes. 187 ON A SPECIMEN OF OVIS CALIFORNIANA DOUGLAS IX THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.* Recent writers on American wild sheep (Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Ili>t.. XXXI, p. 22; Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., X, p. 150), in remarks on Ovis californiana Douglas, state thai this species is unrepre- sented by typical specimens in museums, and is now probably extinct at the type locality. It may be of interest to note that the United States National Museum fortunately possesses a good skull with a complete skin of a four year old ram, which, though not from the exact type locality (near Mount Adams. Yakima County, Washington), is, nevertheless, from a locality in the Cascades near enough to answer all practical pur- poses as typical material. The specimen was collected on the north fork of the Methow River, Washington, in 1899, and was presented to the museum by Theodore Lyman, of Harvard University. Professor Lyman tells me that sheep still exist in small numbers in the vicinity where this specimen was collected. The skin is in the faded summer coat, and does not differ, except in smaller size, from skins in similar condition from the Rocky Mountains. The skull indicates a valid species, somewhat smaller than canadensis, and with horns resembling the horns of Ovis slom i more than those of canadensis. The horns are much lighter than in canadensis, and are about the size and general shape of horns of typi- cal stonei, though less spreading; and exhibit the triangular cross section and flat front in a marked degree. The condylobasal length of the skull is 279 millimeters; the length of upper tooth row, crowns, Si'. The teeth are, as compared with canadensis, relatively larger. — N. Hollister. TWO PREOCCUPIED NAMES. Mr. Fred. Muir of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Experiment Station has called my attention to the following: Zacau.es gen. nov. Pisces. Jordan and Snyder. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 25, 190:;, p. 44S. X \< ai.i.ks gen. nov. Ichneumonidse Insectorum Foerster, Verh. ver. Reinl., Bonn., 25, 1869, p. 204. The fish genus may he known as Calliblennius. In 1001 Samuel Garman proposed Woodworthia for a new genus of Gekkonidse from New Zealand. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 39, 1001, p. 4, pi. 1, fig. 2-2x. This name has precedence over Woodirorthia for a new genus in the group of the Polyclad Turbellaria proposed by Laidlaw in L904. Ceylon Pearl Fisheries Rep. 2, L904; Supl. Rep. «.), p. 128, pi. — ., fig. 1 and 0. The genus of worms may he known as Idioplanoides from its close relationship to the genus Idioplana. — T. Barbour. * Published here by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. 188 General Notes. NOTE ON AN ISOPOD NAME. In the Proceedings of the U. S. Nat. Museum, Vol. 42, 1912, pp. 173- 174, in a paper entitled "Description of a new isopod crustacean belong- ing to the genus Livoneca from the Atlantic coast of Panama," the specific name longistylis was given to the species described. Since the publication of the paper, 1 found that Dana had previously used that name for a species of Livoneca from South America, which is described in U. S. Expl. Exp., Vol. 14, 1853, pp. 754-755. My species may, there- fore, be named Livoneca tenuistylis. — Harriet Richardson. Vol. XXV, pp. 189-190 December 24, 1912 PROCEEDINGS of Tin: BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW PECCARY FROM COSTA RICA. P.Y E. A. GOLDMAN. While engaged in identifying mammals from Middle America the following unnamed race of the white-lipped peccary has been detected in the collection of the U. S. National Museum. The new form is based on a splendid series of 14 skulls and 5 hunter's skins collected by Prof. William M. Gabb at Tala- manca, Costa Rica, nearly 40 years ago, and now kindly placed at my disposal by Mr. Gerrit S. Miller, Jr., Curator of Mammals. The specimens had been long ago assigned to Dicotyles labiatus Cuvier, now regarded as a synonym of typical Tayassu albirostris (Illiger), which is restricted to South America. Tayassu albirostris spi rattens subsp. nov. COSTA RICAN WHITE-LIPPED PECCARY. Type from Talamanca, Costa Rica, No. If!!"-, adult (hunter's skin and skull), U. S. National Museum, collected by William M. Gabb in 1874. General characters. — Similar to Tayassu albirostris ringens in size and color, but white facial area more extensive, reaching in some specimens nearly to eyes; skull differing in important details, especially the broader molars and smaller first lower premolars. Differing from Tayassu albi- rostris albirostris in the more highly arched median frontal outline of braincase, anteriorly narrowed lower premolars, and more evenly taper- ing mandibular toothrows. Color. — General color of upper parts varying from nearly pure black to black coarsely and rather inconspicuously mixed with tawny, the black purest along the median line and over lower part of back and rump, and the tawny annulated hairs appearing mainly on top and sides of head, sides of neck, shoulders and flanks; under parts blackish, becoming in some specimens grizzled grayish on pectoral and inguinal regions; top and sides of muzzle, chin and a triangular area extending posteriorly from angle of mouth along cheeks, narrowing to a point nearly under ears, white or yellowish white, this color more or less mixed with black 36— PROC. BIOL. SOC. Wash., Vol. XXV. 1912. (189) 190 Goldman — A New Peccary from Costa Rica. forming supraorbital spots in some specimens; feet usually white or yellowish white, but varying to nearly pure black. Skull. — In general outline resembling that of T. a. ringens, hut zygo- mata more widely spreading; nasals broader, more abruptly tapering anteriorly, the free ends usually shorter; maxillae considerably swollen laterally above the alveoli of premolars as in T. a. rin'gens ; molars broader; lower molariform toothrows broader posteriorly, narrower an- teriorly; first lower premolars decidedly smaller with less prominent anterior cusps. Contrasted with the skull of T. a. albirustris the follow- ing differences are shown: Braincase more highly arched along median line of frontal region; maxillae more swollen outward above the alveoli of first premolars; palate narrower behind last molars; interpterygoid fossa narrower; mandibular toothrows more evenly tapering; second and third lower premolars much smaller and narrower anteriorly. Measurements. — No skin measurements available. Skull (type): Great- est length, 280.5 mm.; condylobasal length, 245; zygomatic breadth, 120; interorbital breadth, 05; breadth across postorbital processes, 90; length of palate, 17.8.7; maxillary tooth row. 70.7; mandibular toothrow, 82.8; alveolar length of second lower molar, 15.5; anterior breadth of second lower molar, 11.9; posterior breadth of second lower molar, 14.7; length of first lower premolar, 7.9; anterior breadth of first lower pre- molar, 3.7; length of second lower premolar, 9.1; anterior breadth of second lower premolar, 4.(1. Remarks. — The Costa Rican white-lipped peccary seems rather more closely allied to T. a. ringens of southern Mexico than to T. a. albiroslris as represented by three Brazilian skulls, but in combination of cranial and dental characters it differs notably from both. From T. a. ringens it is distinguished by broad molars and very small lower premolars. In the breadth of the molars it is similar to T. a. alhirostris, but the indi- vidual teeth are narrowed anteriorly, instead of quadrate, resulting, especially in the lower jaw, in a more evenly tapering toothrow. This condition is especially noticeable in the second and third lower premolars when contrasted with those of T. a. alhirostris which are very broad and massive across the anterior crowns. The molar crowns in T. a. spiradens show signs of wear early in life, the cusps in the first and second molars becoming flattened on the tops before the third molar is fully in place, while in T. a. ringens they remain unworn for a considerably longer period. This difference in wear may be due to the more abrasive character of the food taken by the Costa Rican animal. Specimens examined. — Total number, 17, all from Costa Rica as follows: Talamanca (type locality), 14; exact locality unknown, 3. Vol. XXV, pp. 191-192 December 24, 1912 PROCEEDINGS OK THK BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON PHYSIGNATHUS COCINCINUS AND ITS SUBSPECIES. BY THOMAS BARBOUR. The Museum of Comparative Zoology has received recently from Koyobashi, the well-known Japanese collector, a lizard which is very interesting. A study of this specimen in connec- tion with the relevant literature leads to the following con- clusions. Physignuthus cocincinus was briefly described by Cuvier in the Regne Animal, Edition 2, Vol. 2, 1829, p. 41. It is the type species of the genus. The name was emended by Guerin (Icon. \l. A. Rept., 1S29-44, pi. ix, fig. 2) to cochinchinensis and Boulenger and Giinther have followed him in this. Boulenger (Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., I, 1885, p. 399) quotes Cuvier's specific name as concinnus, which is incorrect. In this he followed Gray, who in speaking of the lizard as Lophura concinna made the same error. Neither apparently realized that Cuvier was trying to latinize the words Cochin China. The original spell- ing has to be retained by the laws of modern nomenclature. In 1861 Giinther (Proc. Zool. Soc. Loud., p. 188) described P. mentager from Siam and three years later figured it in his Reptiles of British India (1864, p. 153, pi. xv). The example which the Museum has recently acquired is from Laokay, Tonkin. It evidently represents an undescribed geo- graphical race rather intermediate in characters between those previously characterized. The races may be diagnosed as follows: P. cocincinus cocincinus Cuvier. From Cochin China, probably from the southern region about Saigon. This section of the country was that l»-st known in Cuvier's time. 37— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XXV.1912. (191) 192 Barbour — Physignathus cocincinus and its Subspecies. Lateral teeth eighteen on each side. Six or seven enlarged shields along each side of the throat. P. cocincinus mentager Gunther. From Siam. Eleven or twelve lateral teeth. Eleven enlarged shields along each side of the throat. P. cocincinus caudicinctus subsp. nov. Type.— Skin of a large adult in alcohol with cleaned sknll attached. Coll. Mus. Comp. Zool. No. 8852. From Laokay, Tonkin. Koyobashi, collector. Closely related to the two preceding forms but differing as follows: lateral or molardike teeth, eighteen on each side of upper jaw and fourteen on each side of lower. (This rather as in P. c. cocincinus. ) A series of fourteen enlarged shields along each side of throat parallel with the in- fralabials. (In this respect tending toward the condition in P. c. mentager. ) The new form is thus evidently related to both the others and as their ranges probably meet and as intergrades probably occur in the boundary regions of their ranges, the three forms may best be considered geographic races of the one species. INDEX Nru names are printed in heavy type A Actinometra difiicilis 18 .Eolothrips vespiformis 62 Actobatus na rinari 150 Vhlia 121 Alcedo proxima 104 Allen, G. M. Mammals from Yunnan and Tonkin 177-180 Alphestes afer 121 Alticola phasma 59 A hit era monoeeros 122 Amblyomma maculatum :!7 Ainby stoma jeffersonianum 136 punctatum 136 talpoidcum 136 Anguilla chrisypa 166 Anisopus infumatus 112 picturatus 111 Anolis lindeni 163 Anthias louisi 124 Anthothripsgowdeyi 62 variabilis 62 Antilocapra peninsularis 107 A n ti lope lanigera 186 Antiurus '.is maculicaudus 98 Antrostomus nelson! 90 Apodemus microtis 60 Archosargus probatocephalus - • -171 Ardea brunescens ....">-) Aulacorhynchus virescens ss B Bailey, V. The Most Promising Ani- mals for Fur-Farming viii A New Subspecies of Mountain Sheep from Western Texas ami Southeastern New Mexico ■ .109-110 Baker, A. !'.. Note on Prominent Ani- mals of lli'' South Africa Fauna . viii Barbour, T. Two Preoccupied Names 187 Physignathus coeincinus and its Subspecies 191-192 Bartsch, P. On the Missouri River as a Barrier to Fresh-water Organisms vii Collecting in the Bahamas . \ Bascanichthys scuticaris l&i Bean.T. II. Description of New Fishes of Bermuda 121-126 Bishopp, 1'. C. A New Species of Dermacentor and Notes on Other North American Ixodidse . . . .29-38 Blarina talpoides 162 Bregmatothrips 66 venustus 67 r.i'voortia tyraunus 167 Briggs, I.. ■'. See Shantz, II. L. Brimley, C. S. Notes on the Sala- manders of the North Carolina Mountains with Descriptions of Two New Forms 135-1 I" Brotogerys panychlorus 100 Bucco radiatus !'" Butorides brunescens virescens 53 C Calliblennius 187 Canis americanus ■ 95 ater 95 floridanus '.)."> 1 yea on 95 t'anthidermis sobaco V21 Capillaster gracilicirra 18 tenuicirra 18 ' apito bolivianus s; aurantiiventris NT Capra columbiana 1m'> Caprimulgus nigrescens 98 oeellatus 98 parvulus 98 Carcharhinns Ml ( arix atrosquama 51 < latulus ri'ti fer 154 Ceratacanthus schcepfii 17:; i tercomys • ■ . 94 cunicularius '.)4, 115 fosteri lit! laurentius 116 Channomuraena vittata 121 Chilophylla 117 hirsuta 117 Citellus elegans 5 obsoletus 5 ('lark, A. H. Faunal Areas of the Pacific . ' " x Seventeen \<".\ East Indian Crinoids belonging to the Families Comasteridse and Zygometridse . 17-28 Six New Fast Indian Crinoids belonging to the Family Charito- metridae 77-84 Cobb.J. Fisheries in Alaska viii i . iccyzus pumilus 99 Coelorhynchus occa 122 < "lnanthus crassicirra 'J:'. Comantheria rotula 2:; weberi 22 Comaster pulcher ■J'J sibojja? Jl Comatula tenuicirra 20 Cominia austraUs 'Jl < omissa jjracilipes 19 I it t oralis is parvula 19 spinosissima 20 Cooke, W.W. Early Bird Migration in a Late Spring at Washington • • - ix The Present and Future-Status of Ducks and Geese in the United -tales -.. x Copeland, M. A New Keeord for Mi- crosoft x in New York 96 3S — Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., V< XXV, 1912. (193) 194 The Biological Society of Washington. ( Jopeland, M. Notes on the Mammals of Mt. Greylock. Massachusetts 157-162 Copsychus musicus 105 pagiensis 105 Coryphsena hippuxus 171 Criptothrips californicus 61 Cryptobranchus alleghaniensis . . .135 Cyclopterus lurnpuS 122 Cynoscion regalis 172 D Dasyatis say 144 Decapterus sanctse-helense 121 Dermacentor hunteri 33 Desmognathus nigra 136 ochrophsea • • • • 136 quadrimaculatus 137 Dicseum batuense KM cruentatum lol sumatranum 104 Diceratothrips harti 12 longipes 11 Dicotyles labiatus 189 Didelphis insularis 93 Dierriyctylus viridescens 136 Diopsittaca 99 hahni 99 nobiljs 99 Diplodus holbrookii 172 Dirias minor 93 Dremomys flavior 178 Bcchaunornis 97 radiatus 97 fulvidus 97 Echimys brfevicauda 94 cayennensis 94 trinita lis 94 Eleotris pisonis 122, Electron virides 89 Emblemaria markii 126 Erethizon dorsatum 161 Bucrotus 123 ventralis 123 Eudiocrinus junceus 25 pinnatus 27 venustulus 27 Eumomota bipartitus 90 Euphonia sclateri 185 Eutamias altaicus . . 183 eonsobrinus 6 operarius fi quadrivittatus 5 Evermann, B. W. Exhibition of Skins of the Km- Seal • ■ • • ix Observations on the Habits of a Western Crow x Eighteen Species of Minis New to the Pribilof Islands Including Four New to North America ■ • ■ x Evotomys ochraceus 160 Fairchild, I>. G. Introduction of Tropical Fruits into the United states ix Felis improcera 85 Fringilla violacca L85 G Gidley, J. W. Are Rabbits Rodents? . ix A New Cave Fauna x Gilmore, C. W. Remarks on a Skeleton of the Dinosaur Stegosaurus . ■ . ix Fossil Crocodiles from the Canal Zone 94 Glyptometra timorensis so Goldman, E. A. A New Weasel from Costa Rica 9-10 The Generic Names Cercomys and Proechimys 94 The Type Locality of iVoec/a- mys steerei Goldman 186 ' A Xew Peccary from Costa Rica 189-190 Gramopsittaca 100 andicola LOO lineola LOO Grinnell, J. A New Member of the Perognathus parvus Group of Pockel Mice 127-128 The Warner Mountain Cony 129 130 Gudger, E.W. Natural History Notes on some Beaufort, N. <'., Fishes, 1910-11 141-156 Natural Historj Notesonsome Beaufort, N. C, Fishes. 1910-11 165-176 Gyrinophilus porphyritieus l in H Hay. W. 1'. Exhibition of Photo- graphs of a Waterspout vii Hapalopsittaca 100 amazonina lol Haplothrips gowdeyi 62 graminis 69 Harlan, II. V. A Naturalist among the Igorotes of the Philippine Is- lands vii Hitchcock, A. S. Botanizing in Pan- ama viii Hollick. A. The Fossil Flora of Alaska ix Hollister, N. Description of a New Water Mungoose from East Africa 1-2 Two New American Pikas .57-58 The Mona Monkey on the Is- land of St. Kitts 93 The Trinidad < (possum on Mar- tinique 93 — The Earliesl Name for the Cape Rate! ■ . ■ 96 Five New Mammals from Asia 181-184 The Names of the Rocky Mountain < loats 185 On a Specimen of Oviscalifor- iana Douglas in the National Museum 187 Holocentrus brachypterus 121 puncticulatus 121 II I. .1. D. Three New Phlcethrip- id:e (Thysanoptera) from Texas and Michigan 1 1-16 New Genera and species of North American Thysanoptera from the South and West . . ■ .61 76 Hopkins, A. D. The Story of Evolu- tion as Revealed by a Scolytid Beetle viii Injury to Foliage of Locust 'trees by the Locust Leaf Beetle • • x Report on the Relation of Cer lain Beetles to the Control of Chestnut Blight x Imlr. 1!).") Hopkins, A. D. Notes on Foresl [used Depredations in Yosemite Na tional Forest I Idiuplanoides is, Idolothrips angUSticeps 62 1 1 idio maculipinna 122 Ixodes diversifossus 30 texanus 32 K Kindle, E. M. Exhibition of Photo- graphs of impressions made in mud by Tadpoles viii Knab, F. New Species of Anisopidae i RhyphidaO from Tropical Amer- ica 111-11 1 L phalus pachycephalus vj-j Lampanyctus crocodilus 121 Lasiopyga mona 93 Lepisosteus osseus 165 I eptecheneis naucrates 174 Lepus angustidens is:; aurigineus L81 quercerus 1SJ ~i m erbj se 182 virginianus 161 Leurognathus marmoratus 137 Liothrips bakeri ivj meconnelli 61 varicornis 7i Lironeca longistylis 188 tenuistylis 188 i.i ibi ites surinamensis 171 Loncheres 94 l.i iphius piscatorius 171 Lophogobius cyprinoides 122 Lutianus hastingsi 121 Lutrei 'la vison Ml Lj codontis 121 1,\ nx niffus 161 M Mackenzie, l\. K. A New Carex from Alberta 51-52 Macrophyllum macropbyllum .... 93 Mania birostris 121, 152 Marmota monax 159 Mazama dorsata 186 sericea 186 Mellivora capensis 96 ratel 96 Menticirrhus americanus 173 Mephitis putida 161 Miller, G. s., Jr. Two Nev Murine Kodents from Turkestan .... 59-60 The Names of Two North American Wolves 95 The Cranial and Dental Char- acters of < hilophylla 117 A New Chamois from the Apen- nines 131-134 Micrococcyx 99 cinereus 99 pumilus 99 Micropogon undulatus 17'_' Microsorex hoyi 96 Microtus pauperrimus I scalopsoides 160 Momotus exiguus 89 Monasa pallescens rikeri 88 sclateri 89 Mugil cephalus L68 Mungos rubescens 1 Muscadivores babiensla L03 Mustela costaricensis 9 N Napaaozapus insignis L60 Nannopsittaca 100 panychlora LOO Nelson, E. W. Translations from Tor- quemada's "Monarquia Indiana" viii Two Genera of Bats New to North America 93 A New Subspecies of Prong- horn Antelope from Lower Cali- fornia 107-108 A Correction of Two Recent Names for Mammals 116 Neotoma baileyi 4 Nycteris borealis 7 Nyctibius costaricensis ill maculosus 92 panamensis 91 Nyctidromus nelson) 90 sumichrasti 91 Nyctipolus 98 nigrescens 98 whitelyi '.is o ' >berholser, H.C. The Stains of But,. idcx brunescens ILembeye) . . . 53-56 ( ichotona albatus . r_".i schisticeps 129 taylori 129 levis T>7 uinta ... T>S ( (cniscus brunnescens . . . ">l Odocoileus borealis 158 Oreamnos americanus 186 columbiae 186 missoulse 186 Orthopsittaca 99 manilata 99 Ovis californiana 187 mexicanus 109 montanus 186 texianus 109 P Pachylometra'crassa 77 fragilis 79 helius 7S Paiaeocomatella is Palaeothrips fossil is . . 64 Palmer, T. S. <>n New Bird Reserva- tions vii On the recent distribution of Elks from Jackson Hole viii Palmer, W. Habitat, Coloration and Evolution a~ Shown bj Birds on a Javan Mountain viii Parasphyraenops 124 at ri man us 124 Pempheris mulleri 1-1 Perognathus goldmani \i^ nelsoni 116 occultus lit; parvus 127 seri 116 xanthonotus L28 196 The Biological Society of Washington. Peromyscus gracilis 159 noveboracensis 159 Phenacomys orophilus 4 Phillips, .1. C. A Now Puma from Lower California 85-86 Phloethrips vittatus 11 Phyllothrips fasciculata 61 Physignathus caudicinctus 192 cocincinus 191 mentager 191 Piper, C. V. Why is a Weed? ix Plethodon erythronotus 137 glutinosus 137 metcalfi 138 shermani 138 Pogonias chromis 173 Pomatomus saltatrix 121,170 Pontinus microlepis 125 Preble, E. A. Elk Herds in Jackson Hole, Wyoming vii Prist is pectinatus 114 Proechemys H5 steerei 186 Procyon lotor 161 Pseudomonacanthus amphioxus 122 Pseudoscarus plumbeus 1 -•"' Psilopsiagon 100 auri irons 100 Psittacula lineola 100 Psittacua acuticaudatus '•''■| amazoninus 100 makawaunna 99 manilatus 99 nobilis 99 Pteroglossus erythrozonus *s Pterophryne histrio 175 Pteroplatea macliu-a 148 Pterycombus brama 39 Ptilonycterus 98 ocellatus '»s Putorius 161 R Radcliffe, L. See Smith, II. M. Reithrodontomys megalotis -I Rhinopithecus avunculus 179 Rhinoptera bonasus 152 Rhopalothrips 72 bicolor 7:; Richardson, II. Note on an Isopod Name lss Richmond, C.W. Descriptions of Five New Birds from the West Coast of Sumatra .... 103-106 Ridgway, R. Descriptions of some New Species and Subspecies of Birds from Tropical America . .87-92 Diagnoses of some NewGenera of American Birds . . 97-102 Riley, J . H. A New Name for Tanagra sclateri Berlepsch 1*5 Rupricapra americana 186 l.istila 131 pyrenaica 132 rupricapra 132 Ruthven, A. G. Description of a New Anolis from Brazil 163-164 Ruvettus pretiosus 121 Safford, W. E. The Aztecs Sarcophilus harrisi Sardinella pinnula Ear Flower of the viii 110 122 Sciamops ocellatus 172 Sciuropterus macrotis 159 volans 159 Sciurus ha?mobaphes 177 leucotis 158 loquax ... lfiii neomexicanus 7 Scomberomorus maculatus ■ . . .121,168 Scopa?othrips 7S Shantz, H. L. and Briggs. L. .1. The Wilting ( loefficient in the Study of Plant Association viii Sheldon, • '. Winter Animal Life About the Base of Mt. McKinley ix Shufeldt, R. W. Professor Robert Col- lett on Pterycombus brnma Fries . 39-50 Smith, H. M. and Radcliffe, L. Notes on Deep Sea Fishes from the Alba- tross Philippine Cruise viii Smith, II. M. Exhibition of a photo- graph of an Imprisoned Blue-bird viii Observations on Late Flower- ing Plants about Washington . . . x Sorex dispar 162 fumeus 161 personatus 161 Spelerpes bilineatus • .139 danielsi 140 guttolineatus 139 schencki 139 Sphyrna tiburo 143 Squalus acanthias . ... 143 Standley, P. ('. Wootonella, a New Genus of Carduaceas 119-120 Stenopsis candicans 97 cayennensis 97 maculicaudus 98 ruflcervix 97 Stolephorus viridis 122 Stomatothrips 63 flavus 64 Strotometra ornatissimus *'-' priamus sl Sylvilagus transitionalis 161 Synodus fcetens h'7 Systellura 97 ruficervix 97 Tamias lysteri 159 Tanagra sclateri 1S;| Tiiyassu spiradens 189 Thectocercus 99 acuticaudatus =100 Thomas, O. The Generic Names Cer- comys and Proechimys • • .115 The Technical Name of the Tasmanian Devil 116 Thraupis nesophilus 185 Thrichomys apereoides ........ .115 Thriponax buttikoferi 104 javensis 104 Thrips abdominal! s 62 binervis 67 femoralis 62 Trichiurus lepturus 168 Trichoglossus aurifrons 100 Tylosurus aens hjs marinus 168 Index. 191 U 1'i'simis harrisi \ nil"'- fuh ii- ■ • Verbesina nana Viverrn capensis W 11 (i Ifil 120 '.1(1 Warren, E. R. Notes on the Distribu- tion of some Colorado Mammals . 3-8 \V I, A. C. Observations on the Habits of the root ........ x Development of Teeth in Fishes x White, David. On Recent Environ- mental Changes and Relative Biogenic Stabilitj vii \\ oodworthia 's7 Wootonella 120 nan;. 120 X Ximenesia encelioides 119 Z Zacalles 187 Zapus hudsonius 100 princeps 4 Zygometra punctata 24 MM. WHOl LIBRARY H 1 NL H