PROCEEDINGS OF THE Biological Society of Washington VOLUME 34 1921 WASHINGTON PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATIONS CHAS. W. RICHMOND, Chairman T. E. SNYDER F. C. LINCOLN J. H. RILEY Press of H. L. & J. B. McQueen, Inc. Washington, D. C. OFFICERS AND COUNCIL OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON FOR 1921 (ELECTED DECEMBER 11. 1920 OFFICERS President N. HOLLISTER Vice-Presidents A. S. HITCHCOCK S. A. ROHWER J. W. GIDLEY H. C. OBERHOLSER Recording Secretary A. A. DOOLITTLE Corresponding Secretary T. E. SNYDER Treasurer F. C. LINCOLN PAUL BARTSCH* R. E. COKER FREDERICK V. COVILLE* WILLIAM H. DALL* B. W. EVERMANN* E. A. GOLDMAN W. P. HAY* A. D. HOPKINS* L. O. HOWARD* FRANK H. KNOWLTON* H. H. T. JACKSON R. W. COUNCIL F. A. LUCAS* WILLIAM R. MAXONi C. HART MERRIAM* E. W. NELSON* H. C. OBERHOLSER T. S. PALMER* WILLIAM PALMERS J. N. ROSE* H. M. SMITH* L. STEJNEGER* DAVID WHITE* WILLIAMS C. E. Chambliss T. E. Snyder STANDING COMMITTEES— 1921 Committee on Communications S. A. RoHWER, Chairman Committee on Publications Chas. W. Richmond, Chairman J. H. Riley J. S. Outsell F. C. Lincoln • Ex-Presidents of the Society. 1 Elected May 14, 1921, to succeed William Palmer. 2 Died April 8, 1921. (iii) EX-PRESIDENTS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ♦Theodore N. Gill, 1881, 1882 ♦Charles A. White, 1883, 1884 *G. Brown Goode, 1885, 1886 William H. Dall, 1887, 1888 *Lester F. Ward, 1889, 1890 C. Hart Merriam, 1891, 1892 *C. V. Riley, 1893, 1894 *Geo. M. Sternberg, 1895, 1896 L. O. Howard, 1897, 1898 Frederick V. Coville, 1899, 1900 F. A. Lucas, 1901, 1902 B. W. Evermann, 1903, 1904 F. H. Knowlton, 1905, 1906 L. Stejneger, 1907, 1908 T. S. Palmer, 1909, 1910 David White, 1911 E. W. Nelson, 1912, 1913 Paul Bartsch, 1914, 1915 W. P. Hay, 1916, 1917 J. N. Rose, 1918 Hugh M. Smith, 1919 A. D. Hopkins, 1920 * Deceased. (iv) TABLE OF CONTENTS Officers and Committees for 1921 _ m Proceedings for 1921 ix-xiv Birds of the Washington Region, by May Thacher Cooke 1-22 The Smallest Known Leaf Hopper, by E. D. Ball 23-24 \^ A New Classification of the Shipworms and Descriptions of some New Wood Boring MoUusks, by Paul Bartsch 25-32 New Marine MoUusks from the West Coast of America, by Paul Bartsch 33-40 Two New Legumes from Mexico and Costa Rica, by C. V. Piper.. 41-42 New Trees and Shrubs from Yucatan, by S. F. Blake 43-46 Notes on Three Clupeoid Fishes Collected by Edmund Heller in San Filipe Bay, Gulf of California, by Carl L. Hubbs 47-48 Mutanda Ornithologica. X, by Harry C. Oberholser 49-50 Five New Genera of Birds, by J. H. Riley 51-54 Four New Birds from Celebes, by J. H. Riley... 55-58 Additional Fungous Insects and their Hosts, by Harry B. Weiss and Erdman West 59-62 Food Habits of Sceloporus graciosus graciosus (Baird and Girard), by Herbert J. Pack..... 63-66 Descriptions of Sixteen New Murine Rodents from Celebes, by Gerrit S. Miller, Jr., and N. Hollister 67-76 General Notes 77-80 The names for Two Genera of African Artiodactyla, by N. Hollister, 77; Lophotriccus versus Cometornis, by Outram Bangs and Thomas E. Penard, 78; A New Name for Pachy- ramphus polychopterus costaricensis Chubb, by Outram Bangs and Thomas E. Penard, 78; Textor Temminck versus Alecto Lesson, by Harry C. Oberholser, 78-79; Hyphantornis Gray becomes Textor Temminck, by Harry C. Oberholser, 79. The Julidae and Isobatidae in North America, by Ralph V. Chamberlin... 81-84 Diptera and Fungi, by Harry B. Weiss..... 85-88 Descriptions of Six New Supspecies of American Birds, by Outram Bangs and Thomas E. Penard 89-92 Twenty New Mammals Collected by H. C. Raven in Celebes, by Gerrit S. Miller, Jr. and N. Hollister 93-104 Mutanda Ornithologica. XI, by Harry C. Oberholser 105-108 A New Ophiuran of the Genus Ophiopsila from Southern Cali- fornia, by Austin H. Clark.. 109-110 A Neglected Fern Paper, by William R. Maxon... 111-114 New Meliaceae from Mexico, by S. F. Blake 115-118 A New Aspilia from Trinidad, by S. F. Blake 119-120 (V) ▼i Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Thomomys douglasii shawi, a New Supspecies of Pocket Gopher from Mount Rainier, Washington, by Walter P. Taylor 121-122 Membracidae of the Vicinity of Washington, D. C, by W. L. McAtee....- 123-134 General Notes 135-138 Choiropotamus versus Koiropotamus, by Oldfield Thomas, 135; A New Name for the West African Pygmy Squirrel, by N. Hollister, 135; LioptUus Cabanis Preoccupied, by Harry C. Oberholser, 136; A New Name for the Genus Curaeus Sclater, by Harry C. Oberholser, 136; Anthracoceros - Reichenbach versus Hydrocissa Bonaparte, by Harry C. Oberholser, 136 ; Note on the Name Hypermegethes Reichenow, by Harry C. Oberholser, 136-137; Note on the Generic Names Textor, Alecto, and Hyphantornis, by Harry C. Oberholser, 137. On a Small Collection of Reptiles from Argentina, by T. Barbour 139-142 Two New Central American Salamanders, by Emmett Reid Dunn- - - 143-146 Amecystis, a New Genus of Ordovician Cystidea, by E. O. Ulrich and Edwin Kirk.. _ 147-148 Additions to the Orchid Flora of Panama, by Oakes Ames 149-154 New Species of Crabs from Formosa, bj' Mary J. Rathbun 155-156 Herpetological Novelties, by T. Barbour and E. R. Dunn 157-162 Notes on Horsfield's ' Zoological Researches in Java, ' by Harry C. Oberholser.__ _ _. 163-166 Additional Notes on Fungous Insects, by Harry B. Weiss and Erdman West 167-172 Studies in the Tyrannidae. I. A Revision of the Genus Pipromorpha, by W. E. Clyde Todd 173-192 Table of Contents. vii \ PLATES I. Facing p. 171. Three Species of Fungi, with their Insect Fauna. The Committee on PubHcations declares that each paper of tilis volume was distributed on the date indicated on its initial page. The Index, title page, and minutes of meetings for 1921 (pp. i-xiv; 193-199) were issued on March 20, 1922. viii Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. ERRATA. Page 82, for Byachyiulus pusillus, read Brachyiulus pusillus. Page 119, at top of page, for June 30, 1911, read June 30, 1921. •4 Vol. 34, pp. ix-xiv PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON PROCEEDINGS. The Society meets from October to May, on alternate Saturdays, at 8 p. m. All meetings during 1921 were held in the new lecture hall of the Cosmos Club. January 8, 1921— 618th Meeting, i President N. HoUister in the chair; 62 persons present. Mr. E. G. Runyan elected to membership. President Hollister announced the membership of the Com- mittee on Publications as follows: Chas. W. Richmond, Chairman, and J. H. Riley, T. E. Snyder, F. C. Lincoln. Also the Committee on Communications: S. A. Rohwer, Chairman, and Chas. E. Chambliss, J. S. Gutsell. Informal communications: J. M. Aldrich, Exhibition and notes upon caterpillars of Coloradia 'pandora Blake; David Fairchild, Note upon the edibility of certain borers; A. S. Hitchcock, Note upon botanical codes. Formal communications: L. O. Howard, Some views of the fight in southern France last summer against the Moroccan Locust, and A visit to the home of Henri Fabre; S. F. Blake, Sexual differences in the coloration of the Spotted Turtle. January 22, 1921— 619th Meeting.2 President Hollister in the chair; 112 persons present. New members were elected as follows: Arthur J. Poole and Mrs. Marion G. Brown. Informal communications: Paul Bartsch, Note upon the lAbstract in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 11, p. 241, May 19, 1921. 2Abstract in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. vol. 11, p. 262, June 4, 1921. (ix) X Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. acquisition by the National Museum of the Hirase collection of Japanese and Pacific Molluscs; Paul Bartsch, Note upon a Mockingbird wintering in the city of Washington; R. W. Shufeldt, Exhibition of File Fish from Argentina; T. S. Palmer, Note upon the heights at which birds fly; H. M. Smith, Note upon taking the Large Fork-tailed Swift, Micropus pacificus (Latham) in the Pribilof Islands; A. H. Howell, Note upon the abandonment of the Crow roost at Laurel, Md. L. O. Howard, Conveyed the greetings of former President F. A. Lucas. Formal communications: L. H. Miller,* Asphalt Beds of Rancho La Brea; H. C. Bryant,* Birds and Mammals of Yosemite National Park. February 5, 1921— 620th Meeting.^ President Hollister in the chair; 50 persons present. New members were elected as follows: Glenwood C. Roe, Maurice K. Brady. Deaths of Wm. J. Bennets and W. W. Welsh were announced. Informal communications: H. M. Smith, Exhibit of artificial pearls, and fish-scale material, and exhibit of the smallest and youngest eel ever captured; R. W. Shufeldt, note upon frac- tured bones in birds and mammals. Formal cominunications: Ivar Tidestrom, Notes upon the Flora of the Iberian Peninsula; R. S. Bassler, Paleontological Work at the National Museum. February 19, 1921— 621st Meeting.^ Vice-President Hitchcock in the chair; 48 persons present. O. M. Freeman was elected to membership. Informal communications: The Secretary read by title a paper by S. Stillman Berry, entitled Notes on some Japanese Cephalopods; L. O. Howard introduced Prof. E. S. Morse, former president of the Boston Society of Natural History, who addressed the Society. Formal communications: C. E. McClung, Chromosomes in Relation to Heredity; Sewall Wright, Heredity as a Factor in the Resistance of Guinea Pigs to Tuberculosis. 1 Introduced by Dr. J. C. Merriam. zAbstract in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 11, p. 315, July 10, 1921. 3Abstract in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 11, p. 316, July 10, 1921. Proceedings. xi March 5, 1921— 622d Meeting. » Vice-President Hitchcock in the chair; 32 persons present. M. A. Murray was elected to membership. Infonnal communications: I. Tidestrom, Note on the wearing quahties of rag and pulp paper used in books; Paul Bartsch, Note on rapid deterioration of pulp paper in books; H. C. Oberholser, Note on the recent presence of the Whistling Swan in local waters; Paul Bartsch, Note on local presence of Hol- boell's Grebe. Formal communications: Dr. H. M. Hall, The Synthetic Method of Botanical Taxonomy. March 19, 1921— 623d Meeting.^ President Hollister was in the chair; 55 persons were present. Informal communications: F. H. Knowlton, Note on the strange antics of a Cardinal. Formal communications: F. H. Knowlton, Flora of Some Newly Discovered Lake Beds of Southern Colorado; H. C. Oberholser, The Breeding Water Fowl of the Great Plains Region. April 2, 1921— 624th Meeting.^ Joint meeting with the Washington Academy of Sciences. Alfred H. Brooks, President of the Academy, was in the chair; 75 persons were present. Address of the retiring President: A. D. Hopkins, International Problems in Natural and Artificial Distribution of Plants and Animals.^ April 16, 1921— 625th Meeting.^ President Hollister in the chair; 66 persons were present. Informal communications: H. C. Oberholser, Note upon Miss M. T. Cooke's Birds of the Washington Region, a publi- cation of the Society. Formal communications: F. C. Lincoln, The Fall Migration of Ducks from Lake Scutog, Ontario; E. W. Nelson, Alaska and the Reindeer Industry. lAbstract to appear in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. ZAbstract to appear in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 3 Notice of the meeting in Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences. 4 Abstract of the address in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 11, p. 223, May 19, 1921. ^Notice in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 11. xii Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. April 30, 1921— 626th Meeting, i President Hollister in the chair; 51 persons were present. Informal communications: M. W. Lyon, Note upon Bison raising; T. S. Palmer, Note on the status of Bison in the United States; R. E. Coker, Exhibition of first copies of the Journal of Ecology; C. C. Adams, Note on the Roosevelt Wild Life Experiment Station; Paul Bartsch, Note upon a scientific column in a local newspaper. Formal Communications: J. N. Rose, Rediscovery of a Remarkable Cactus from Hayti; Joseph Grinnell, the Principle of Rapid Peering in Birds; T. S. Palmer, Notes on Some Parrots Lnported into the United States; E. A. Goldman, Rats in the War Zone. May 14, 1921— 627th Meeting.2 President Hollister was in the chair; 28 persons were present. The following were elected to membership: Rudolph Kuraz, E. C. Leonard, Robert Griggs. Informal comynunications: T. S. Palmer, Note upon the origin of Opossums in California; R. W. Shufeldt, Exhibition of new books, ' Early Annals of Ornithology ' by John H. Gurney, and 'Life of Samuel White' by Capt. S. A. White; F. C. Lincoln, Note upon an American specimen of Tern taken on the Niger River; R. E. Coker, Announcement of the Conference for the conservation of life in inland waters at Fairport, Iowa; R. M. Libbey, Note upon Bicknell's Thrush; T. S. Palmer, Further Notes upon Bicknell's Thrush; T. S. Palmer, Minute upon the death of William Palmer. Formal communications: F. G. Ashbrook, Recent Notes on the Fur Trade in the United States; S. A. Rohwer, Injurious and Beneficial Insect Galls. October 29, 1921— 628th Meeting.^ Vice-President Gidley in the chair; 36 persons present. On recommendation of the Council, Frank E. Ashbrook, J. Wade, Julius Parmalee, and Miss Erma Brown were elected to membership. Informal communications: T. S. Palmer, Announcement of lAbstract in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 2 Abstract in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. SAbstract in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. Proceedings. xiii the annual meeting of the American Ornithologists' Union; H. M. Smith, Records of the Kamchatkan Sea Eagle. Formal communications: R. S. Bassler, Sex Characters in Fossils; W. E. Safford, The Dahlia, its Origin and Development. November 12, 1921— 629th Meeting. Joint meeting with the Washington Academy of Sciences and the Botanical Society of Washington, under the Presidency of the Washington Academy. Program: Professor Arthur de Jaczewski, Director of the Institute of Mycology and Pathology at Petrograd, The Devel- opment of Mycology and Pathology in Russia; Professor Nicolas T. Vavilov, Director of the Bureau of Applied Botany and Plant Breeding at Petrograd, Russian Work in Genetics and Plant Breeding; Dr. Vernon L. Kellogg, Permanent Secre- tary of the National Research Council, The Interrelations of Russian and American Scientists. November 26, 1921— 630th Meeting, i President Hollister was in the chair; 44 persons were present. The following were elected to membership : Thos. E. Penard and T. Van Hyning. Formal communications: R. W. Shufeldt, Changes in the skull of the American Badger {Taxidea americana); J. W. Gidle}^, The Primates of the Paleocene; J. M. Aldrich, An Entomologist in Alaska. December 10, 1921— 631st Meeting.^ Forty-second Annual Meeting. President Hollister presided; 21 persons were present. Reports were received from the Corresponding and the Recording Secretaries, the Treasurer, and the Committee on Publications. The death of S. S. Voorhees was announced. A committee of the Council, consisting of J. N. Rose, C. W. Richmond, Paul Bartsch, and H. C. Oberholser presented a memorial of the late William Palmer. The following officers and members of the Council f were elected : President, Vernon Bailey. 1 Abstract in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. ZAbstract in Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. xiv Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Vice-Presidents, A. S. Hitchcock, J. W. Gidley, S. A. Rohwer, H. C; Oberholser. Recording Secretary, J. M. Aldrich. Corresponding Secretary, T. E. Snyder. Treasurer, F. C. Lincoln. Members of the Council, E. A. Goldman, H. H. T. Jackson, R. E. Coker, R. W. Williams, W. R. Maxon. President Bailey was nominated for one of the Vice- Presidents of the Washington Academy of Sciences. Informal communications: C. V. Piper, Note upon Panicum Kuntzii, Cut Throat Grass, in Florida; L. O. Howard, Suggestion that a meeting be held in the interests of old fashioned Natural History; C. V. Piper, L. 0. Howard, and A. A. Doolittle, Notes upon interest in Natural History as reflected in recent books and organization activities; F. C. Lincoln, Note upon feeding habits of the Sharp-tailed Grouse; C. V. Piper, E. A. Goldman, and T. S. Palmer, Notes upon Hungarian Partridge in the United States. Vol. 34, pp. 1-22 March 31, 1921 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON BIRDS OF THE WASHINGTON REGION. I BY MAY THACHER COOKE. It is probable that the files of the Biological Survey contain a greater amount of data on the movements of birds about Wash- ington than is available for any other section of the country. These records, gleaned from various sources, extend over a period of nearly eighty years, and from the late seventies are nearly continuous. For the past fifteen years, through the efforts of members of the Biological Survey and the local Audu- bon Society and of other local ornithologists, very full notes have been obtained on the spring migration of birds, but data on the fall migration, especially of many breeding species, are scarce. In 1861' Coues and Prentiss published a list of the birds of the District of Columbia, containing 225 species. With the publication of their revised List in 1883^ the number was increased to 248. Dr. Richmond's list of 19023 records 291 species and subspecies and 1 hybrid. In 1908* under the title "Bird Migration in the District of Columbia, " Wells W. Cooke published a summary of the data then available, comprising a table of the dates of migration and lists of permanent residents and casual visitants. Five years later,^ under the same title, he published a revised table for the spring migration. In these two lists the number of birds known to have occurred about 116th Ann. Rep. Smiths. Inst., 1861 (1862), pp. 299-421. 2Avifauna Columbiana, Bull. 26, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1883, pp. 1-133. sBirds of Washington and Vicinity, L. W. Maynard; rev. ed., 1902. List by Dr. Richmond, pp. 178-186. 4Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXI, 1908, pp. 107-118. bibid., XXVI, 1913, pp. 21-26. 1— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wa.sh., Vol. 34, 1921. (1) 2 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Washington was given as 293, ^ of which 2 are hybrids. The present hst comprises 299 species and subspecies, besides 2 hybrids and 2 hypothetical forms. Five of the additional forms — Glaucous Gull, Red-legged Black Duck, White-rumped Sandpiper, Black-bellied Plover, and European Starling — have been detected in the vicinity since the publication of Professor Cooke's papers; the others are included on the basis of old records which have recently come to Hght. It is probable that before long some of the more recently described subspecies known to migrate through the eastern United States will be added to the Washington list. One species, Barrow's Golden- eye, which was included by Professor Cooke as doubtful, is here omitted since reexamination of the specimen has shown it to be the American Goldeneye. One species, the Sooty Shearwater, has been transferred to the hypothetical list because of insuflfi- cient data. The territory covered in the present paper is approximately that within a radius of about twenty miles from the Capitol, including Sandy Spring, Laurel, Camp Meade, Upper Marl- boro, and Marshall Hall, Maryland, and Mount Vernon, Fair- fax, and Great Falls, Virginia. This is a slight extension of the limits nominally used in previous lists. In the following table of migration dates, the figures under the heading "No. of dates" indicate the number of dates of arrival or departure used in calculating the succeeding average dates. Since the object of migration averages is to indicate the normal date of arrival or departure, certain exceptionally early or late dates of occurrence have been recorded as "accidental" and not used in figuring the averages. In the case of spring arrival, dates that are late enough unduly to affect the average have been discarded as not representing first arrivals. In the computation of averages, when the result includes a fraction of less than one-half, the next lower whole number has been used; and in the case of a fraction of more than one-half, the next higher whole number has been used. The species known to occur in this region are classified under four heads: (l)Permanent Residents, those which are found in the region at all times of year; (2) Regular Migrants, migratory iThis was due to an error in counting. The actual number of names in the 1908 list is 294- Cooke — Birds of the Washington Region. 3 species which occur regularly; (3) Rare, Irregular, or Accidental Visitants, those which are stragglers or occur only in small numbers; (4) Hypothetical Species, those concerning which the data is insufficient to allow their inclusion in any other division. For convenience, the table of migration dates of regular migrants is placed at the end of the present paper. As far as possible the authorities for all records are given. Several years ago, Dr. Charles W. Richmond kindly loaned to the Biological Survey his manuscript notes on the birds of this vicinity which were then copied for the dates only. As the original notes are not just at present available, in many cases it is impossible to tell which are from his own observations, and which from other sources which he considered authentic. In such instances, the records are quoted as "Richmond MS." I desire to express here my gratitude to those persons, many of whose names appear as authorities for records, whose reports on the birds about Washington have made my work possible. I am especially indebted to Dr. Harry C. Oberholser and Mr. Francis Harper for much valuable advice and assistance. Permanent Residents. Wood Duck Aix sponsa (rare) Black-crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycHcorax naevius Ruffed Grouse Bonasa umbellus umbellus (very rare) Bob-white Colinus virginianus virginianus Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura septentrionalis 1 Marsh Hawk Circus cyaneus hudsonius Sharp-shinned Hawk Accipiter velox Cooper's Hawk Accipiter cooperii Red-tailed Hawk Buteo borealis borealis Red-shouldered Hawk Buteo lineatus lineatus Broad-winged Hawk Buteo platypterus platypterus Bald Eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus leucocephalus American Sparrow Hawk Cerchneis sparveria sparveria American Barn Owl Tyto alba pratincola (rare) American Long-eared Owl Asio otus wilsonianus (rare) Barred Owl Strix varia varia Screech Owl Otus asio naevius Great Horned Owl Bubo virginianus virginianus (rare) Harry Woodpecker Dry abates villosus villosus (rare) Downy Woodpecker Dryobates pubescens medianus iRare in stunmer. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Pileated Woodpecker iRed-headed Woodpecker Red-bellied Woodpecker Northern Flicker Blue Jay Southern Crow Fish Crow European Starling Meadowlark American Goldfinch English Sparrow 1 Field Sparrow Song Sparrow Cardinal Cedar Waxwing ^Migrant Shrike Mockingbird Carolina Wren White-breasted Nuthatch Tufted Titmouse Carolina Chickadee ^Southern Robin Bluebird Phloeotomus pileatus pileatus (very rare) Melanerpes eythrocephalus erythrocephalus Centurus carolinus Colaptes auratus lufeus Cyanocitta cristata hromia Corvus brachyrhynchos paulus Corvus ossifragus Sturnus vulgaris vulgaris Slurnella magna magna Astragalinus tristis tristis Passer domesticus domesticus Spizella pusilla pusilla Melospiza melodia melodia Richmondena cardinalis cardinalis Bombycilla cedrorum Lanius ludovicianus migrans Mimus polyglottos polyglottos Thryothorus ludovicianus ludovicianus Sitta carolinensis cookei Baeolophus bicolor Penthestes carolinensis carolinensis Planesticus migratorius achrusterus Sialia sialis sialis Rare, Irregular or Accidental Visitants. In the following list are included all the known authentic dates for the species that are but stragglers in the vicinity of Washington, and for a few that occur fairly regularly but only in small numbers. Holboell's Grebe (Colymbus holboellii). — One, November 4, about 1850 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); one, about 1859 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); Sep- tember 30, 1877 (W. F. Roberts); March 26 and December 2, 1916 (L. D. Miner); one, January 20, 1920 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.). Red-throated Loon (Gavia stellata). — One, spring, 1882 {fide Smith and Palmer); October 20, 1889 (Richmond MS.); November 15, 1892 (W. Palmer); October 30, 1904 (A. K. Fisher). Brunnich's Murre {Uria lornvia lomvia). — Six specimens, December 14, 1896-January 1, 1897 (collections of P. Bartsch and W. Palmer). Glaucous Gull (Larus hyperboreus hyperbore%is) . — One, April 5-9, 1914 (E. A. Preble); one, February 20, 1920 (F. Harper)— February 21, 1920 (M. J. Pellew.) iRare in winter. 2Rare in summer. 3The Northern Robin {Planesticus migratorius migratorius) occurs in migration and may prove to be our wintering bird. Cooke — Birds of the Washington Region. 5 Laughing Gull (Chroicocephalus atricilla). — Two, September 24, 1894 (W. Palmer); flock, September 9, 1914 (F. M. Weston, Jr.); several, May 11-12, 1917 (W. Palmer); two, April 27, 1918 (F. Harper); two, October 26, 1919 (F. Harper); four, September 26, 1920 (J. Kittredge, Jr.); other records without dates. Gull-billed Tern (Gelochelidon nilotica). — Occasional in autumn. Caspian Tern (Hydroprogne caspia). — September 29, 1896 (C. W. Rich- mond); two, October 4, 1896 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); eight. May 11, 1917 (F. Harper); one. May 5, 1918 (A. Wetmore). Forster's Tern {Sterna forsteri). — One, August, 1859 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); one, summer 1875 (fide P. L. Jouy). Common Tern (Sterna hirundo). — One about 1860 (C. Drexler); flock of twelve. May 7, 1894 (W. Palmer); several. May 11, 1917 (W. Palmer)— May 26, 1917 (I. N. Gabrielson); ten, April 24 and 27, 1918 (R. W. Moore) ; two, December 23,. 1918 (Preble and Wetmore) ; two. May 2 and 16, 1920 (J. Kittredge, Jr.); twelve, October 31, 1920 (J. Kittredge, Jr.). Least Tern {Sternula antillarum antillarum). — One about 1858-59 (C. Drexler); one, August 17, 1878 {fide C. W. Richmond). Black Skimmer {Rynchops nigra). — One, September 8, 1858 (Coues and Prentiss). Leach's Petrel {Oceanodroma leucorhoa leucorhoa). — Four, August, 1842 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); two, about 1859 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); one, probably this species, January, 1878 (W. Palmer); one, June 7, 1891 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.). Hawaiian Petrel {Oceanodroma castro castro). — August 28-30, 1893 (W. Palmer). Wilson's Petrel {Oceanites oceanicus). — One, August, 1842 (Auk, XXXV, 1918, p. 85); one about 1859 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); one, June 27, 1914 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.). Double-crested Cormorant {Phalacrocorax auritus auritus). — One, 1859 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); one, July 19, 1884 (W. Palmer); one, November, 1884 {fide C. W. Richmond); two, April 19, 1896 (A. K. Fisher); one, October 1, 1896 (C. W. Richmond) ; several. May 11, 1917 (W. Palmer)— May 20, 1917 (Miner and Moore). American White Pelican {Pelecanus erythrorhynchos). — One, 1863 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); one, April, 1864 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); two, autumn, 1864 {fide Smith and Palmer) ; one, October, 1878 {fide Smith and Palmer) . Red-Legged Black Duck {Anas rubripes rubripes). — Occurs in migration but is seldom distinguished from the Black Duck (A . r. tristis). The only definite dates are: March 25, 1917 (F. Harper); April 21, 1918 (F. Harper) . Gad WALL {Chaulelasmus streperus). — February 25, 1860 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); flock, August 24, 1884 {fide C. W. Richmond); two, Novem- ber 1, 1916 (H. C. Oberholser); one, December 27, 1919 (Preble and Wetmore); three, March 28, 1920 (A. Wetmore). European Widgeon {Mareca penelope). — Spring, 1863 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); October 16, 1892 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.). 6 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. European Teal (Nettion crecca). — One, April, 1885 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.). Shoveler (Spatula clypeata). — October 28, 1887 (B. Greenwood); Septem- ber 21, 1894 (Richmond MS.); October 3, 1901 (B. Greenwood) ; October 4, 1905 (B. Greenwood); one, September 17, 1911 (W. L. McAtee); one, October 25, 1916 (V. Bailey)— one, October 26, 1916 (F. Harper); three.. March 24, 1918 (L. Griscom). Bufflehead (Charitonetta albeola). — Winter 1841-42 (Bull. Nat. Inst.); January 29 and April 1 and 10, 1859 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); April 3, 1876 (W. Palmer); December 2, 1916 (L. D. Miner); December 23, 1916 (J. P. Young) ; January 20, 1917 (L. D. Miner) and April 15, 1917 (A. Wet- more); December 26, 1917 (Miner and Moore); March 16, 1918 (L. D. Miner); March 21, 1920 (J. Kittredge, Jr.); December 29, 1920 (E. A. Preble); November 8, year unrecorded (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.). Old-squaw (Clangula hyemalis). — November, 1842 (Auk, XXXV, 1918, p. 85); April, 1856 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); April 15, 1881 (C. W. Rich- mond); November 20, 1884 (H. W. Henshaw) ; April 3, 1889 (Richmond MS.) ; October 20, 1889 (W. Palmer) ; April 20, 1896 (Richmond MS.) ; November 6, 1915 (F. M. Weston, Jr.); April 21, 1917 (F. Harper). American Eider (Somateria mollissima dresseri). — One specimen in the collection of the Maryland Academy of Sciences (Kirkwood, Birds of Maryland). American Scoter {Oidemia americana) . — December, 1842 (S. F. Baird). White- WINGED Scoter [Melanitta deglandi deglandi). — December, 1842 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); November, 1880 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); October 14, 1882 {fide Coues and Prentiss); April 18, 1892 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); October 28, 1894 (Richmond MS.); one, November 8, 1920 (L. Griscom). Surf Scoter {Melanitta perspicillata) . — February, 1842 (Auk, XXXV, 1918, p. 85); December 11, 1858 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); February 19 and April 10, 1859 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); one, 1868 (Richmond MS.). White-fronted Goose {Anser albifrons albifrons). — March, 1856 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.). Brant {Branta bernicla). — January, 1844 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); Decem- ber 16, 1858 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.). Whistling Swan {Olor columbianus) . — Earliest date of fall arrival, 16 years' record, October 15, 1901 (B. Greenwood); average, November 6; rare in spring; January 14 and March 25, 1881 (Richmond MS.); March 22, 1907 (W. W. Cooke) and April 5, 1907 (J. H. Riley); March 18, 1916 (L. D. Miner)— March 20, 1916 (W. W. Cooke). Glossy Ibis {Plegadis autumnalis). — Two about 1817 {fide Audubon); one, September, 1900 (J. W. Daniel, Jr.). Wood Ibis {Mycteria americana).— ^-T-wo, July 2, 1892 (E. M. Hasbrouck); two, July 20, one, July 27, 1896 (W. Palmer). American Egret {Casmerodius albus egrettn). — A wanderer from the south occurring nearly every year from July to September. Earliest date of arrival, 9 years' record, July 8, 1894 (W. Palmer); average, July 30; Cooke — Birds of the Washington Region. 7 average date of departure, 3 years' record, September 13; latest, Sep- tember 22, 1914 (W. D. Appel). Once recorded in spring, May 30, 1891 (C. W. Richmond). Snowy Heron {Egretta thula thula). — One about 1841 (Spec. Mus. Oberlin College). Little Blue Heron {Florida caerulea caerulea). — Occurs nearly every year in late summer. Earliest date of arrival, 13 years' record, July 7, 1894 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); average, July 30; average date of departure, 6 years' record, September 11; latest, September 24, 1911 (E. A. Preble). Once recorded in spring May 12, 1917 (W. Palmer). Yellow-crowned Night Heron (Nydanassa violacea). — One, August, 1901 (W. Palmer). Sandhill Crane (Megalornis canadensis mexicana) . — One specimen, previ- ous to 1861 (fide Coues and Prentiss). King Rail (Rallus elegans). — July 7, 1843; eggs and female June 18, 1887 (H. W. Henshaw) ; December 16, 1889 (W. Palmer) ; November 7, 1891 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); December 21, 1892 (W. Palmer); young, June 26, 1893 (W. Palmer); eggs, May 30, 1910 (S. S. Dickey); May 12, 1913 (W. Palmer); August 30, 1913 (W. D. Appel); August 31, 1913 (G. E. Barnes); August 7, 1914 (W. W. Cooke); December 2, 1914 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); May 11, 1917 (W. Palmer); August 20, 1917 (R. W. Moore); December 4, 1919 (E. A. Preble). Clapper Rail (Rallus crepitans crepitans) . — September 8, 1882 (fide Coues and Prentiss). Yellow Rail (Coturnicops noveboracensis). — Autumn, 1843 (Auk, XXXV, 1918, p. 85); October 4, 1879 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); March 28, 1884 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); April 14, 1893 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); Novem- ber 17, 1893 (W. Palmer); May 20, 1917 (N. Hollister). Black Rail (Creciscus jamaicensis jamaicensis). — September, 1861 (Coues and Prentiss) ; September 25, 1877 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); June 6, 1879 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); May 29, 1891 (E. J. Brown) ; September 1, 1908 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); September 15, 1918 (R. W. Moore). Florida Gallinule (Gallinula chloropus cachinnans). — One, 1863 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.) ; October 26, 1876 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); October 15, 1880 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); spring, 1882 (fide Coues and Prentiss); April 19, 1892 (E. M. Hasbrouck) ; August 12, 1892 (E. M. Hasbrouck) ; September 7, 1892 (W. Palmer); September 1, 1893 (W. Palmer); Sep- tember 30, 1902 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); September, 1917 (A. Wetmore); eggs, June 3, 1918 and May 30, 1919 (E. J. Court). Red Phalarope (Phalaroptis fulicarius) . — October 17, 1885 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.). Northern Phalarope (Lobipes lobatus). — August 31, 1891 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); one, August 29, 1916 (Moore and Shoemaker). Dowitcher (Limnodromus griseus griseus). — September 2, 1878 (W. F. Roberts). Long-billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus griseus scolopaceus) . — Seven, April, 1884 (fide Smith and Palmer). 8 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Stilt Sandpiper {Micropalama himantopus) . — September 8, 1885 (H. W. Henshaw); one, October 26, 1916 (F. Harper); one, September 6, 1918 (A. H. Hardisty). White-rumped Sandpiper {Pisobia fuscicollis). — One, October 8 and 24, 1916 (F. Harper); four, May 11, 1917 (W. Palmer); one, September 20, 1918 (A. H. Hardisty). Baird's Sandpiper {Pisobia bairdii). — Septembers, 1894 (Spec.U. S. Nat. Mus.); September 25, 1894 (W. Palmer). Red-backed Sandpiper (Pelidna alpina sakhalinn). — October 22, 1842 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); April 22, 1887 (W. Palmer) ; September 25, 1894 (E. M. Hasbrouck); flock, October 15, 1916 (F. Harper)— November 1, 1916 (H. C. Oberholser); May 11-12, 1917 (H. C. Oberholser); October 17, 1918 (A. H. Hardisty) ; April 24 (Richmond MS.), year not recorded. Western Sandpiper (Ereunetes mauri). — September 8, 1894 (W. Palmer) ; September 11, 14 and 22, 1894 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); August 21 and September 3, 1897 (W. Palmer); September 25, 1919 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.). Sanderling (Crocethia alba). — September, 1874 (Richmond MS.); one, October 24, 1885 (Richmond MS.); three, September 22, 1894 (W. Palmer); two, September 26-30, 1898 (Richmond MS.); September 27, 1898 (E. A. Preble). Willet (Catoptrophorus semipalmahis semipalmatus) . — A flock, August 10-11, 1893 (W. Palmer); one, May 16, 1917 (F. M. Bailey); other records without dates. Ruff (Philomachus pugnax). — September 3, 1894 (W. Palmer). Long-billed Curlew (Numenius americanus americanus). — One, April 11, 1842 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.). Black-bellied Plover (Squatarola squatarola cynosurae). — Three, Sep- tember 26, 1914 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); one, October 24, 1916 (H. C. Oberholser); one, October 26, 1919 (A. Wetmore). Golden Plover {Pluvialis dominica dominica). — Once taken (D. W. Prentiss). Semipalmated Plover (Charadrius semipalmatus). — August 26, 1877 (W. Palmer); May 9, 1879 (Richmond MS.); May 3, 1884 (Richmond MS.); August 22, 1892 (E. M. Hasbrouck); August 30 to September 22, 1894 (Richmond MS.); August 21, 1897 (Richmond MS.); May 16-25, 1906 (D. E. Lantz); May 10, 1907 (D. E. Lantz); May 10, 1909 (E. A. Preble); June, year not recorded (Spec. Brit. Mus.). Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus). — March 25, 1881 (Richmond MS.); May 3, 1884 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.). Ruddy Turnstone (Arenaria inierpres rnorinella). — Three, about 1860 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); two, May, 1881 (fide Smith and Palmer) ; June, 1882 (fide Smith and Palmer); one, September 2, 1912 (E. R. Adams); other records without dates. Heath Hen (Tympanuchus cupido). — One, April 10, 1859 (Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXXII, 1919, p. 198). Cooke — Birds of the Washington Region. 9 Wild Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris). — Formerly resident, now probably exterminated in the vicinity of Washington, though it still occurs near Occoquan, Va., a little beyond our limits. The latest record is of eggs found near Falls Church, Va., in May, 1903 (J. H. Riley). Passenger Pigeon {Edopistes canadensis). — Formerly abundant, now extinct; the last large flock was previous to 1860. Records since then are: September 18, 1877; April 3, 1887 (H. W. Henshaw); April 4, 1887 (A. K. Fisher); September 11, 1889 (W. Palmer); October 19, 1889 (Richmond MS.); May 2, 1891 (R. W. Shufeldt). Ground Dove {Chaemepelia passerina passerina). — September 1, 1844; February, 1861; 1865; January 29, February 2, and December 4, 1867 (all specimens U.S. Nat. Mus.); October 14, 1888 (C. W. Richmond). Black Vulture {Coragyps urubu uriihu). — Four, March 30, 1895 (Rich- mond MS.); one, July, 1896 (Richmond MS.); one, December 17, 1899 (P. Bartsch); one, February 21— March 10, 1917 (N. Hollister); two, August 5, 1918 (W. Palmer); five, January 2, 1920 (H. S. Barber). Swallow-tailed Kite {Elanoides forficatus forficatus). — August 3, 1895 (Richmond MS.); April 11, 1897 (P. Bartsch). American Goshawk (Astur gentilis atricapillus) . — Previous to 1883 {fide Coues and Prentiss) ; December 27, 1887 (A. K. Fisher) ; January 1, 1896 (Richmond MS.); September 1 and 2, 1916 (T. A. Davis); December 20, 1917 (T. A. Davis). American Rough-legged Hawk (Buteo lagopus sancti-johannis) . — One about 1859 (Richmond MS.); December 29, 1879 (H. W. Henshaw); December 23, 1882 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.) ; March 17, 1888 (A. K. Fisher) ; March 30, 1888 (C. W. Richmond); January 1, 1895 (E. A. Preble); December 23 and 31 1916 (Gabrielson and Kalmbach); January 1, 1918 (A. H. Howell). Golden Eagle {Aquila chrysaetos) .— December 26, 1857 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); March 7, 1859 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); December 8, 1887; November 24, 1890 (Richmond MS.). Duck Hawk {Rhynchodon peregrinus anatum). — December, 1878 (fide Coues and Prentiss) ; October 23, 1900 (Richmond MS.); March 1, 1910 (N. Hollister); May 22, 1918 (L. Griscom); December 23, 1918 (H. H. Sheldon) ; April 30, 1919 (H. H. Sheldon) ; has been seen several times in winter about the Post Office Department building. Short-eared Owl (Asio flammeus flammeus) . — One, autumn, 1842 (Bull. Nat. Insti.); one, April 12, 1859 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); one, April 20, 1861 (Richmond MS.); one, March, 1862 (Richmond MS.); one, Novem- ber 22, 1886 (A. K. Fisher); one, January 28, four, March 5, one, March 28, 1887 (A. K. Fisher); two, November 13, 1887 (H. W. Henshaw) ; one, January 7 and 23, one, February 13, one, December 10, 1888 (A. K. Fisher); one, March 13, and one, November 29, 1889 (A. K. Fisher); one, December 13 and two, December 20, 1890 (A. K. Fisher); one, November 20, 1891 (A. K. Fisher); March 2, 1913 (A. Wetmore). 10 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Saw-whet Owl {Cryptoglaux acadica acadica). — February 12, 1859 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); November 11, 1878 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); Decem- ber, 1880; October 3, 1886 (F. S. Webster); March 12, 1889 (C. W. Richmond); November 1, 1889 (A. K. Fisher); December 31, 1889 (W. A. Merritt) ; one, December 12, 1890 (W. B. Barrows) ; three, January 4, one, February 4-5, 1891 (E. M. Hasbrouck); February 19, 1893 (C. W. Richmond); two, 1905 (T. Roosevelt); one, February 6, 1916 (I. N. Gabrielson); one, November 30, 1916 (A. K. Fisher); January, 1914 (R. W. Shufeldt) ; December 1, 1917 (E. A. Sikken). Snowy Owl (Nyctea nyctea). — December 4, 1858 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); November 1 and 11, 1885 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); December 30, 1890 (C. W. Richmond); about 15 taken the winter of 1876-77 (Richmond MS.). Carolina Paroquet (Conuropsis carolinensis carolinensis) . — A flock, September, 1865 (fide Smith and Palmer). Chuck- will's-widow (Antrostomus carolinensis). — One, July 22, 1895 (R. Ridgway); one, summer, 1896 (C. W. Richmond). Scissor-tailed Flycatcher (Muscivora forficata). — One, about 1865 (Richmond MS.); one, April, 1881 (Richmond MS.). Arkansas Kingbird (Tyrannus verticalis). — September 30, 1874 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.). Olive-sided Flycatcher (Nuttallornis borealis). — Several, September, 1881 (R. Ridgway); May 5, 1912 (A. K. Fisher); one. May 22, 1915 (W. W. Cooke); two, August 13, 1917 (R. W. Moore); one, September 9 and 14, 1918 (R. W. Moore) ; one. May 10, 1919 (Miner and Moore) ; one. May 16, 1920 (E. A. Preble) ; one. May 22, 1920 (M. T. Cooke). Horned Lark (Otocoris alpestris alpestris). — March 3, 1885 (H. W. Hen- shaw) ; December 10-11, 1886 (H. W. Henshaw) ; January 8, 1887 (H. W. Henshaw); April 2, 1887 (Richmond MS.); November 25, 1888 (Rich- mond MS.); October 29, 1889 (C. W. Richmond); March 29, 1891 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); February 2, 1895 (A. K. Fisher); November 25, 1903 (A. K. Fisher) ; February 13, 1910 (H. W. Henshaw) ; December 15, 1917- March 1, 1918 (F. Harper). Prairie Horned Lark (Otocoris alpestris praticola). — February 8, 1881 (W. Palmer); January 23-February 16, 1888 (W. Palmer); August 11, 1889 (C. W. Richmond); February 10-24, 1918 (F. Harper). Horned Larks occur in the vicinity of Washington nearly every winter, but in most instances the race is not determinable. Yellow-headed Blackbird (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus) . — One, August 29, 1892 (E. M. Hasbrouck). Bronzed Grackle (Quiscalus quiscula aeneus). — Probably occurs nearly every year in migration, definite dates are: April 17, 1886 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); April 6, 1887 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); February 22, 1888 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); March 8, 1895 (C. W. Richmond); March 28, 1896 (C. W. Richmond); March 4, 1897 (C. W. Richmond); February 22, 1898 (C. W. Richmond); February 14 and 15, 1906 (R. W. Wilhams); January 21, 1916 (F. M. Bailey); March 18 to April 4, 1918 (H. C. Oberholser). Cooke — Birds of the Washington Region. 11 Pine Grosbeak (Pinicola enudeator leucura). — Several, January 23, 1888 (H. W. Henshaw); three, November 26, 1903 (T. H. Levering). American Crossbill (Loxia curvirostra minor). — Irregular winter visitant, sometimes abundant. Has been noted from October 10 (1886, H. W. Henshaw) to June 2 (1902, C. W. Richmond). A female taken May 23, 1884 (R. Ridgway) showed unmistakable evidence of having recently incubated. A young bird barely able to fly was taken with an adult, May 17, 1885 (H. M. Smith). These seem to be the only evidences of the breeding of this species in the vicinity. White-winged Crossbill {Loxia leucoptera). — One, about 1864 (C. Drexler) ; one, about 1874 (fide Coues and Prentiss) ; one, November, 1906 (C. W. Richmond); one, August 11, 1907 (spec, brought to Biol. Surv.); flock, October 23, 1913 (R. W. Williams); many, December 10, 1916 (W. L. McAtee)— January 16, 1917 (D. C. Mabbott). Redpoll (Acanthis linaria linaria). — One, February 19, 1875 (Richmond MS.); seven, February 12, 1899 (Richmond MS.); small flock, March 9, 1914 (R. W. Moore)— March 12, 1914 (M. T. Cooke). Snow Bunting (Plectrophenax nivalis nivalis). — February or March, 1842 (Auk, XXXV, 1918, p. 85) ; one, November, 1886 (W. Palmer) ; large flock, February 18-22, 1905 (Piper and Cary); one, December 19, 1917 (C. H. M. Barrett). Lapland Longspur (Calcarius lapponicus lapponicus). — Several, Decem- ber 11, 1886 (H. W. Henshaw). Nelson's Sparrow (Atnmospiza caudacuta nelsoni). — One, September, 1862 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); one, September 18, 1893 (W. Palmer); September 26, 1898 (Richmond MS.); two. May, 1906 (Richmond MS.). Lark Sparrow (Chondestes grammacus grammacus). — One, August 25, 1877 (W. F. Roberts); two, August 27, 1877 (R. Ridgway); August 8, 1886 (H. W. Henshaw). Montana Junco {J unco oreganus montanus). — April 28, 1890 (R. Ridg- way). Bachman's Sparrow (Peucaea aestivalis bachmani). — April 29, 1896 (J. D. Figgins); one all summer, 1912, near Lanham, Md. (W. R. Maxon); May 12, 1913 (Maxon and Kearney); June 1, 1913 (A. Wetmore); April 26, 1914 (A. Wetmore); May 9, 1915 (A. Wetmore); May 2, 1918 (R. W. Moore); one. May 22, 1920 (L. D. Miner); regular visitor for many years to a field near Congress Heights (P. Bartsch). DiCKCissEL (Spiza americana). — Formerly a common breeder, but dis- appeared about 1875, and is now only an accidental visitor. One, May 31, 1887 (H. W. Henshaw); one, summer, 1894 (C. W. Richmond). Northern Shrike (Lanius borealis borealis). — February 10, 1846 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); one, winter 1859-60 (Richmond MS.); one, early 1865 (Richmond MS.); November 7, 1884 (Richmond MS.); November 6 and 13, 1887 (H. W. Henshaw); December 26, 1887 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); November 17, 1888 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); January 10, 1891 (Richmond MS.); February 10, 1896 (Richmond MS.); December 28, 1917 (Ober- holser and Swales); January 26, 1920 (G. W. Field); other specimens without dates. 12 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Prothonotary Warbler (Protonotaria citrea). — One or two noted in twelve different years, the earliest date of arrival being April 26, 1916 (R. W. Moore); the average of 9 years' records, May 4. Twice noted in June, possibly breeding. Brewster's Warbler (Vermwora leucobronchialis) (hybrid). — -May 8, 1885 (W. Palmer); May 1, 1895 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.). Lawrence's Warbler (Vermivora lawrencei) (hybrid). — May 12, 1907 (W. H. Osgood). Orange-crowned Warbler (Vermivora celata celata). — October 13, 1889 (H. W. Henshaw) ; October 14, 1894 (W. Palmer). Northern Parula Warbler (Compsothlypis americana pusilla). — A com- mon migrant, but the records are in most cases not separable from those of the Parula Warbler. May 26 and 30, 1905 (H. C. Oberholser) ; May 9, 1912 (W. L. McAtee); May 12, 1913 (H. C. Oberholser); October 5, 1917 (M. T. Cooke). Cerulean Warbler (Dendroica cerulea). — October, 1859 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); May, 1861 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); May 5, 1888 (E. M. Has- brouck); May 11, 1890 (E. M. Hasbrouck); May 12, 1899 (Richmond MS.); May 29, 1902 (Richmond MS.); May 9, 1904 (W. W. Cooke); May 15, 1904 (A. K. Fisher); May 3 and 11, 1907 (W. W. Cooke); May 13, 1909 (R. W. Shufeldt). Kirtland's Warbler (Dendroica kirtlandii). — September 25, 1887 (W. Palmer) . Palm Warbler (Dendroica palmarum palmarum). — Probably occurs every year in migration, but is not distinguished from the Yellow Palm Warbler. Has been noted in spring from April 22, 1885 (Richmond MS.) to May 20, 1917 (McAtee and Holt) ; and in autumn, from September 18, 1887 (Richmond MS.) to October 11, 1861 (R. Ridgway). Grinnell's Water-thrush (Seiurus noveboracensis notabilis). — May 11, 1879 (W. Palmer); May 5, 1885 (W. Palmer) ; August 5, 1886 (Richmond MS.). Northern Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas brachidactyla) . — Abundant in migration but is not distinguished from the Maryland Yellowthroat; September 23, 1902 (C. W. Richmond) ; May 11, 1917 (M. T. Cooke). , Bewick's Wren (Thryomanes bewickiibewickii) . — Has been noted in spring in fourteen different years, the earliest date of arrival being March 26, 1897 (Richmond MS.), and the average, April 8; accidental, February 8, 1918 (J. H. Riley) ; twice noted in autumn, November 11, 1889 (Richmond MS.) ; December 22, 1890 (C. W. Richmond) ; although it has been noted in summer, it has never been known to nest. Short-billed Marsh Wren (Cistothorus stellaris). — May 9, 1890 (E. M. Hasbrouck); May 3, 1893 (W. Palmer). Black-capped Chickadee (Penthestes atricapillus atricapillus) . — January 1, 1859 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); December 10, 1859 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.) ; December 24, 1876 (W. Palmer) ; December 25, 1878 (W. Palmer) ; January 2, 1879 (W. Palmer) ; February 2, 1879 (Richmond MS.) ; com- mon, February 21, 1885 (H. W. Henshaw)— April 19, 1885 (W. Palmer); April 19, 1896 (H. W. Henshaw); October 19, 1896 (Richmond MS.). Cooke — Birds of the Washington Region. 13 Bicknell's Thrush (Hylocichla minima minima). — October 3, 1885 (Rich- mond MS.); May 14 and 18, 1888 (Spec. U. S. Nat. Mus.); May 17, 1892 (E. A. Preble); May 24, 1893 (E. A. Preble). Hypothetical Species. Sooty Shearwater {Puffinus griseus stricklandi) . — " Puffinus cinereusirom Potomac River," a specimen presented to the National Institute for the Promotion of Science at the meeting, September 12, 1842, ^ is probably referable to this species. This record is very likely the basis for the in- clusion of the Audubon Shearwater in previous Washington lists. Prairie Chicken {Tympanuchus americamis americanus). — A speci- men taken March 17, 1885, was undoubtedly an introduced bird, as about that time birds taken in the west were liberated in Kent County, Mary- land. iProc. Nat. Inst. Prom. Sci., Bull. Ill, 1842-45, p. 251. 14 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. m Z < JO a^sp isajcj JO B^'Bp aaBi3AV sa^Bp JO Ofsj •[BAUJB \[B} JO a;Bp a3BjaAy o § • « 00 •? M o §t: as. N -"Ji -^ a f-i <-! o. o 02 IN M O o t^ r- -H (N — I ^ IN IN (N < 3 > > o o 2: z O O M ^i ^ 3 O O -s: o o ■g a a o o © O t» 00 a a o in o 02 •JBAIilB I[BJ JO ajep gisaijjBa s <= S in a; o ~-?--i s-xv>:s S.0O s* IN V. (N e ■05 cc ^ t^ ^,^ -^ ■ >>< >,^ o< §3: 8 e X 2 2 « .a: o . c3 r^ -^m.S «o~ Ci fe»-« t>^ 2sq f, 00 0 . B. . g . e._ S3S; >.^ _ . , s. ■ C % 03 X.w'-* O ii2a (N ScotJ £ .••«! ^ ■" o a o s e a c c: ■sajBp JO o^t I 8 R B) oo 3 - O^o o S e lt^J3~3 E n ix u l=N g=s s^ e g 3 g-O » •SO eJJ"^ p* tf -S ^ ^ ».2 1-1 •- Q b a M e s s S u 01 V u ill Se2 osi e -2 3 g o s lO 00 1-5 , a "3 aj a s a Cooke — Birds of the Washington Region. 15 Nov. 7. 1860 (Spec. C/.S.A^.iW.) Sept. 19,1881 (Richmond MS.) 2^2 IN^O- (Spec. U.S.N. M.) Nov. 9, 1878 (Spec. U.S.N. M.) Dec. 19, 1920 (J. Kittredge, Jr.) Dec. 30, 1905 (J. H. Riley) Dec. 22, 1912 (E. R. Adams) Nov. 1, 1916 (H.C.Oberholser) Nov. 22, 1917 (C. H.M.Barrett) Oct. 28, 1916 (L. D. Miner) lO CO IN (N ,-H ,— t ,— 1 .4-3 +d K,* .^ ft ft o ft 03 OQ Z CO Oct. 19 Nov. 7 Nov. 22 Nov. 22 Oct. 27 Nov. 12 Oct. 15 ■* ■* CO 05 O) CO CO ■>* CQ IN ■^ ,-1 »-l «oiN«-Ha>'-i-*ooo IM ^ _i IN IN M (N +3 OOOOOOOoiO 1-5 IN ■* -M IN .-1 t^ CO lO -H (N »-l 01 tu 2 2 CB O) <3 ■< Sept. 13, 1890 (B. Greenwood) Oct. 15, 1903 (B. Greenwood) Oct. 5, 1901 (B. Greenwood) Sept. 26, 1920 (J. Kittredge, Jr.) Sept. 25, 19031 (B. Greenwood) Oct. 6, 1901 (B. Greenwood) Oct. 8, 1901 (B. Greenwood) Aug. 20, 1889 (B. Greenwood) Oct. 5, 1888 (B. Greenivood) 2| ■* . 1-5 -_- July 8, 1918 (R. W. Moore) Sept. 1, 1890 (B. Greenwood) Aug. 30, 1894 (C. W.Richmond) Aug. 10, 1914 (TF. W. Cooke) Aug. 10, 1914 (W. W. Cooke) July 27, 1891 (D. XV. Prentiss) OOOINOINiCllNO'H ,-H r-t ,-H ,-H f-H W t^ o CO t-~ to -^ t~ May 2, 1920 (B. H. Swales) Mar. 31, 1918 (L. Griscom) April 21, 1912 (XV. D. Appel) May 27, 1906 Once nested June 1, 1913 (A. Wetmore) April 4, 1920 (J. Kittredge, Jr.) April 27, 1918 (F. Harper) June 21, 1877 (W Palmer) April 18,1920 (B. H. Sivales) Breeds Breeds June 23, 1907 (A. K.Fisher) Breeds Eggs taken 1917 (E. J. Court) May 20, 1917 (Miner & Moore) June 8,1918 (K. H. Stuart) Breeds May 14, 1910 (W. W. Cooke) April 22, 1887 (W. Palmer) May 16, 1917 (L. D. Miner) May 22, 1862 (Spec.U.S.N.M.) •ilNTOiNr-iN -HCO fe_c3o3o3c8iSfeoSoS CO ID a >-5 2 o ^ ^ § § ■* o rt CM >> >. 03 03 ioio>oc>5;DfqiOM ST! 09 o 'ii 3 O "SO C OS '^6 00 s S 1 s § •2 S a 1^ gffl Sg S a g-E ft; '^ "'a 00 •<* |« ^ o O 1 O 1 s CO g 1 > 00 S 1 e •I » =0 a e s 1l iSl < IS .■i > 3 O O O <; O :2; Z CO CO 'Bp JO -Q^ CO TO to O «0 ITS CO CM 00 •{■BAUJB JfBJ JO a^Bp a'SBjaAv IN 3 3 1-5 3 lEAiaJB [JBJ JO a'jBp ^'saijaBg ^fe .^$i<^ O ci> 0; QJ > c3 8 o 00 05 CO IN 3> o to o 05 CO > IS •[■BAUJB aUTjdS JO a^Bp ^sDiiJBg I— I »^ 21 si 3 oo^co r>. « 00 00 soo -133 - rH^CO 3 ~ ^ 'N-'S'^ .CO^INt/J '^ _ i3^ S^ &^- ^"^ "" a 'S'"' CO S 2§ ■8a:)Bp JO -Ofi in CO IN CO t-l ■* N lO CO 05 t^ CJ fH T-^ *H CO Si 5 H QQ g.S'i : „ K ^ a 5 t. . S-S-g 0.(3 a o a s o'K^g-5 g.e a 1 mEi;3&-. I313; o' 1-? 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Sos~Os 5*^-^ - £2 S -S .^'hS ._. .» .1" .-2 ._< .■grt'"^ .^ .•~-^^ S2o|s22^co-^.2^gfS'^.S;^S52?5^^-^^,2°^=.-^. osnJ n : o. • Ota. cl • °3 OS C-to^'S O-JC -tyi i=^E^ C.fe^!l; 0"« ^kJ O'fe '^►Ji^tC afe ^^^ "^^fe 2i-S -3-S - CO 3 03 (N OS (N i-H CO CJ CO CO IN (N ■* t^ ■* O -^ CO IN (N rH IN IN OS CO OS CO --I CD .-I CO rj< (N S IS 20 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. JO ajBp jsa^B'3 2 ^§« OS. Sol's CO T)< . i-H 05 O w O O 00 S^ ^H "to '-' o -to •<^ OS I^ 00 00 TS .-( s . o 0)0; 2^212^^ ;oo - ?'^^'-H ,'^ o: g 00 gS^^ ™ 2s OS ^ s •== ,-a^ i^^loS CO .1 ■02 wC 05_ec IS ;o; ioo •1^ 6Z ajtuaBdap hbj JO a^Bp a:s'BJ8AV 5D -H CO <; O CO (N ^ -< t>- "H ^ 00^^ Stc 3rvj 00 V 00 js 1—1 -pi t^ 03 00 s 00 1) •^B5 03 O. =2 00 T3 -< e 3ftS t>3 CO . s .s IN g-H S sa^Bp JO o^ 00 lO ajn^jBdap Suijds JO a^Bp ^sa^Bq 03 1-1 ^ ;;; «;;; S2~S § i-*"0 05-0 1^ CO 2 o =2^ SSca 03 05.2 a • 0) ^Sp3 13 Q> m S 00 gi-i-r^ 1-1 4> 05 h te; 31*. ^ — f^ — •ajruJBdap Sniids JO a^Bp aSBjaAy M lO 1-1 c^ M IN (N c3 o3 o3 § S § IN t^ in (N IN IN >, ~ >> 0. 03 t^ o 00 1-^ IN 1-1 00 > 03 ■sa^Bp JO o^ CD O IN 1-1 C>) rH CO 00 CO -H [BAUJB SllUdS JO a:)B'p aSBjaAy lO IN O 1—1 > 03 03 (BAIIJB SuUdS JO a^Bp ^gaijJBg 1-1 |iN b ccj O c» O S CD '-Is.. 00 S05 Sm OS o 1-1 -C 1-1 Son'— —I "=■ iNrSosS ..S'-i'*' O -^ « OS !~ -^ O ^.|2o ^i^t O 09 1—1 Is; 2o ^fe;2ferai=^fe 3 OS o 00^ 00 » 00 WO^^N g.-H'J oo SOS a»os~os !~ 1-t Bp JO oj^ CD t^ CO CO IN 00 CO IN CO IN CO OS IN OS 00 OS cv) CO CO (N IN IN 0. s Si as •- 05 03 a. I O 03 03 O +J Sow 5-2i c3 8 C3 OS C3 s3 2 1- •^3 - 03 C3^ P 03 *- OS 1". sxi c ^ I C3 g ? O^ Ci t- O '■ « S o ^ o 1.S) ■ -^ V^ ^^ flj 1^ o E a> S 3 I.. e S i cs e^ Q'o3 PL, J3 00 03 S 3 U QO S S ; 3 01 = •2 e t. «"- 5 £ CX! R 03: OT3 O 3 0 (3 03 >> SO 3 a 3^ ^-^s ; 0! i; ti !r " -.2 £*> a.c O . * ^ tH ■>» 2^ § SMS »^ fl s- ^ c ^ o r 15 a.3 a O oO Cooke — Birds of the Washington Region. 21 a> «o-, S 9 — -• 00 " 2rJi|s|s|S|2|2F|2 05 O lO 3o So SQ 3Q S^ ' 0> to Ol ■* "O -"J* ^ , ^^ ^ r.A r.A '^ Q. +^ — ^S.m3o3o3o - CO i^Szb t^ « .^ w^ ^r "•' Ni' v^/ ,— I rH ,-H > fl ■ c ■< e . S^t^ 1-3 v.^l-5 v^h-s v.^<5 — ^ -K lO O I— 1 ■* tc »c •* 1-H to •* ,-1 IN M CO > >> .^H *C .pm >> •!- >1 >> >, >, >. S3 ft •< ft < < S 03 00 to to la a CO tC •* t^ 00 t^ •O ,-H N ^ T- C ' 1 a § ■1 c < < , c 1 •s ft c 1. c >1 ^ 1 >> 03 OS CO -5 ■*Oc e tO'M 00 ^ r=a;:nfe 00 2 o £ 2o r-i,. CO ^£ =^0 •-I «>2 o-^ eoOf/^-H s» •-< S Sf-, F S -I§COJT.O&, . .05 O-g tO^.-Hi^.Cq .t^N^-i S > •Qr^lSrn^ :>,'^r3'« aJ ^slSl^^^lfel^lsIs^- ^^-^ -^ -^^ S li^S^^sl^^g^ o> IN CO o CO CO fi 00 -^ 05 ^ i~i CO CO CO 03 :g i .osca-r; •S-a , t,~T313 £ e 2^ grs csO e 1-1 ffl s "bb a » W ^ 2-0 « e S -^ !S O S e t- t- O H .O ~ 4) ai -* O o e a e - ! ^ 0) w e-a e sW s o S --a Qj 4^ V ST3-S S e - Crt S ^ »i, ^ S S 3 c S s^ s 3 5?) c3 ac.^ ML' ** « ,a;-§cj So, o « S ^ o c3 o o ©^ ^ o 5 ^-J3 S S m la -2-^,5 W -.: • 5» o . -a ES u;s .00-^ t>3,-iO. — ' I22s 2m- ^-^■^ ^ =5 =" o a 1 "-0 03 Jo S ~ CI . '3 ^*^ "«■ . a . -2o2 i27^- •^"^T-^ Oj U .1-5 1*^ O) m r CO .^s+j —i-J 0 3 05 03-- « -:« ^-1 o S^" n*^ ■ Sfei^ c3 :0 b^2 t^co Q n,^7 io'^4< 00 -S '-<'-< 05 .coXi !''^--- 'g'^S o3 " o Sqq flea 0) IL) 0) •v-a-v o o o o o o — 1 CO « Vol. 34, pp. 23-24 March 31, 1921 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON THE SMALLEST KNOWN LEAF HOPPER. BY E. D. BALL. The writer received from Mr. Moznette some time ago a number of very minute pale leaf hoppers said to be attacking the avocado at Miami, Florida. This proved to be an Empo- asca and not only the smallest species in that genus but also the smallest leaf hopper yet described. Later sendings of material included examples highly ornamented with black stripes and markings of a very variable amount, two of the most stable patterns of which have been designated as varieties. It is very likely that this species will prove to be an introduced one peculiar to the avocado. Empoasca minuenda, n. sp. Golden or pale yellow, minute, with a roundingly right-angled vertex. Length, 2 mm. Vertex distinctly produced, roundingly right-angled, shorter than its basal width, broadly rounding to the front. Pronotum slightly longer than the vertex. Elytra longer than in typhlocyboides, resembling mali in form. Venation of hind wing typical ; elytron with the first apical cell very broad and extending nearly one-third its length beyond the base of the second cell which is parallel margined ; the third cell very variable, usually small and triangular but varying to long and parallel depending on whether the second and third nervures arise as a single nerve and forking later or as separate nervures which in extreme cases are parallel. Color. — Varying from a pale lemon to golden yellow with the scutellum touched with orange and white. Eyes fuscous, tip of ovipositor often brown above. The more golden specimens often show a pruinose white area midway on the costa. Genitalia. — Female segment moderately rounding posteriorly, the margin entire. Male plates long, triangular, the attenuate tip curved upward and slightly individually rounded at the apices. 2— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 34, 1921. (23) 24 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Described from eight examples from G. F. Moznette, taken on avocado at Miami, Florida. Type 9 and allotype cf in the author's collection, paratypes in the author's and Mr. Moznette's collection. Empoasca minuenda var. moznettei, n. var. Size and form of minuenda, golden or lemon yellow with a variable num- ber of oval black spots. Usually a widely separated pair of spots on the disk of the pronotum, a larger and adjacent pair on the scutellum and a similar pair on the first three or four abdominal segments. Each elytron may have six spots, three on the costa, two on the claval suture and one on the corium. The first costal spot" is at the base, the other five spots form a square with a central dot; two specimens show traces of fuscous clouds in the apical cells. Described from six examples received with the others. Empoasca minuenda var. clavigerana, n. var. Similar to variety moznettei in form and color but with additional mark- ing forming two dark brown stripes extending from just back of the vertex margin across the pronotum, scutellum and along the inner margin of the elytra. The stripes are narrow and definite on the vertex where they are separated by about their own width, on the pronotum they often widen and rarely fuse, on the scutellum they usually fuse except for a single light spot. In light examples these stripes are often interrupted appearing as elongate spots on vertex and pronotum. ^ Described from six examples from Miami, Florida. Type distribution of both varieties the same as for the species. Vol. 34, pp. 25-32 March 31, 1921 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW CLASSIFICATION OF THE SHIPWORMS AND DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEW WOOD BORING MOLLUSKS. BY PAUL BARTSCH.i In the preparation of a monograph on the American ship- worms a lot of interesting facts have come to light, among which are points pertaining to classification. These are deemed of sufficient importance to merit this preliminary paper, which furnishes a simple key to the generic and subgeneric groups of the shipworms. I have also added descriptions o*" a number of new forms, the latter having attracted considerable attention of late on account of the economic problems associated therewith. All these forms will be fully illustrated in the monograph which is almost ready for the press. It has been deemed unnecessary to cite the rather extensive, involved synonymy in the synopsis. This also will be done in the monograph. A Key to the Genera and Subgenera of the Family Teredidae. Pallettes consisting of a series of cone-in-cone structures Bankia. Cone-in-cone elements entirely free at their distal end. Distal ends of the cones terminating in a thin membrane. Membrane of the cones fimbriated distally. Lateral fimbriations developed into long awnlike projections Bankia. Lateral fimbriations not developed into long awnlike projections. Membrane of the cones not fimbriated distally. Membrane of the cones denticulated distally .... Neobankia. Membrane of the cones not denticulated distally. Membrane of the cones entire distally Bankiella. Cone-in-cone elements not entirely free at their distal end. Cones almost fused on the outside where they are covered by a thick periostracum Nausitora. 1 Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. 3— Pkoc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 34, 1921. (25) 26 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Palletes not consisting of a series of cone-in-cone structures . . . Teredo. Pallettes paddle-shaped. Terminal portion of the blade cupped. Cup single Teredo. Cup not single. Cup rendered double by a median septum . . . Teredothyra. Terminal portion of the blade not cupped. Terminal portion of the blade ending in a forked tip . . . Lyrodus. Terminal portion of the blade not ending in a forked tip. Terminal portion ending in a calcified knob .... Teredops. Pallettes not paddle-shaped. Pallettes spoon shaped. Terminal portion of the blade cupped Neoteredo. Terminal portion of the blade not cupped Teredora. Bankia was proposed by Gray in 1840,' and Teredo bipalmidata Lamarck was designated as type by him in 1847. ^ Neobankia new subgenus, type Bankia (Neobankia) zeteki new species. Bankiella new subgenus, type Bankia (Bankiella) mexicana new species. Nausitora was proposed by Wright in 1864^ type Nausitora dunlopei Wright. Teredo was proposed by Linnaeus in 1758,* ty])e Teredo navalis Linnaeus. Teredothyra new subgenus, type Teredo (Teredothyra) dominicensis new species. Lyrodus was proposed by Gould in 1870,^ type Lyrodus chlorotica Gould. Teredops new subgenus, type Teredo diegensis Bartsch. Neoteredo Bartsch, 1920,* type Teredo (Neoteredo) reynei Bartsch. Teredora new subgenus, type Teredo malleolus Turton. Bankia (Neobankia) zeteki, new species. Shell subglobular, white, the extreme anterior portion with the usual sinus and reflected smooth callus at its external border, the main portion bearing the dental ridges, which radiate from the anterior margin, where they are closely crowded, backward to the junction with the posterior median portion. Here they are separated by spaces about twice as wide as the ridges. These ridges are finely denticulated at their free margin. Seventy of these ridges are apparent, but at least twenty more appear to have been eroded at the umbonal end. The anterior median area is rather broad, and bears the closely crowded, strongly denticulated ridges, which are separated by mere lines. These ridges terminate in a straight line pos- teriorly. The middle portion of the median part is marked by the usual groove that extends from the umbones to the basal margin, and this groove iSynop. Brit. Mus., p. 76. 2Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 188. STrana. Linn. Soc, vol. 24, pp. 451-4. 4Syst. Nat., 10th ed., p. 651. 5Inv. Mass., p. 34. eProc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 33, pp. 69-70. Bartsch — A New Classification of the Shipwor7ns. 27 is crossed by strong lines of growth, which extend over the posterior median part. The anterior part forms a strong auricle, which is conspicuously separated from the posterior median portion, the shell here bending strongly inward. The auricle is marked by more or less curved lines of growth, which give one the false impression of raised cords. The interior of the shell is bluish white. The umbone projects inward as a strong knob, and the blade springs from deep within the umbones, and makes a decided curve, the early portion having the broad side of the blade parallel to the inner surface of the shell, that is within the umbones, while within the median portion of the shell the blade becomes twisted, so that it assumes an oblique position to the inner surface of the shell. The suture of the anterior and the median portion is marked by a slightly tumid area. The middle median portion is decidedly roughened and bears the usual knob at the ventral, margin. The auricle extends over the median portion on the inside as a strong shelf. The inside of the auricle shows the same translucent cordlike lines apparent on the exterior. The pallettes are of the cone-in-cone shape variety, the individual cones being semicircular in cross section, the inner free border being straight, while the outer is curved. The cone elements are rather distantly spaced. The free margin of the membrane of these cone-in-cone elements is finely denticulated. The type, Cat. No. 341,128, U. S. N. M., was taken from greenheart tim- ber of the canal locks at Balboa, Canal Zone, by Mr. James Zetek, and meas- ures: length, 10.2 mm.; altitude, 9.5 mm. The paUettes measure: length, 12 mm., but they are probably longer because the basal stalk seems slightly broken. 8 mm. of this length go to the blade. Diameter of pallettes, 3.4 mm. Bankia (Bankiella) mexicana, new species. Shell subglobular. Anterior portion, excepting the extreme smooth cal- loused area, brown; the rest of the shell white. The extreme anterior por- tion forms a sinus from which a thin callus is reflected over the anterior dental ridge bearing portion. The dental ridges radiate from this anterior smooth area backward, spreading out more or less fan-shaped, the spaces between the ridges becoming wider toward their distal end, where they are about twice as wide as the dental ridges. These dental ridges are rather coarsely denticulated at their free margin. Fifty-one of these ridges can be counted, though it is possible that some of the earlier ones have been lost through the erosion of the umbones. The denticles on these dental ridges are not nearly as strong as those on the anterior median portion. The den- tal ridges on this part are closely crowded and separated by mere impressed lines. They terminate posteriorly in a straight line that extends from the umbones to the ventral margin. The middle median portion is a slightly concaved area extending from the umbone to the ventral margin, and this part is crossed by curved rough wrinkles which evanesce on the posterior median portion. The median groove bears a strongly rounded knob at the ventral margin. The posterior portion forms a strong auricle which is sepa- rated from the median by a sudden depression in the curve of the shell. The interior of the shell is bluish white. A strong knob marks the umbones, 28 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. from the inside of which the slender blade curves downward into the cavity of the shell. This blade has its broad side obliquely placed to the inner curvature of the shell. The anterior portion is separated from the median by a thickened cord, and a roughened area marks the middle median portion of the shell. The posterior area projects over the posterior median por- tion as a shelf. The pallettes are of the cone-in-cone type, the distal margin of the cones being entire. The type, Cat. No. 194,176a, and a lot of additional specimens, were col- lected by Mr. C. R. Orcutt on dead mangroves at Sinaloa, Mexico. The type measures: length, 7 mm.; altitude, 6.5 mm. The pallettes are all fragmentary, and hence it is. impossible to give their measurement. Teredo (Teredo) parksi, new species. Shell subglobular, milk white; interior bluish white. The anterior por- tion is edged by a thick, decidedly curved callus-like smoothish area, from which the dental ridges curve at first downward and then gradually and steadily outward, forming almost straight lines for the major portion of their length. These dental ridges are a little narrower than the spaces that separate them, and are of triangular shape, sloping a little more gently ventrally than dorsally. The extreme edge is exceedingly, finely denticu- lated. The posterior edge of the anterior portion joins the anterior edge of the median portion in such a way that the dental ridges of the two form almost right angles. About ninety-five of these dental ridges can be counted on the anterior part. The anterior median portion is crossed by slender dental ridges, which are separated by very narrow grooves and bear rather prominent denticles. The erosion of the^umbone makes it impossible to see exactly how many of these dental ridges occur, but there must be at least as many as we found on the anterior part. The middle median por- tion is a narrow roughened zone extending from the umbones to the ventral margin, which is not concave, as is usually the case. The posterior part of the median portion is marked by rather strong irregular upward curved lines of growth. The posterior portion forms a short auricle, which is crossed by rather regular lirations, which are really intensified lines of growth that coincide with the outer margin in disposition. In the interior a somewhat thickened ridge marks the junction of the anterior and median portions. The middle median portion is marked by a strong, irregular roughened area, while the posterior portion overlaps the posterior median portion in such a way as to form a slight shelf having a decided cavity be- hind it. A strong, flattened, broad, rough, irregular blade extends two-thirds of the distance from behind the knoblike umbones toward the ventral edge of the shell. The outer border of this blade keeps almost at an even dis- tance from the shell. The basal portion of the median part has a strong knob which extends as a thickening for some little distance into the interior of the shell. The pallettes are spatulate, having a very long, very slightly curved flexuous stalk, the spatulate portion being decidedly excavated at the tip, and covered with a brown epidermis. The siphons in this species are almost equal and project in the alcoholic material about half the length Bartsch — A New Classification of the Shipworms. 29 of the pallettes beyond these. The base of the siphons and the base of the pallettes are surrounded by a membrane that forms a cupHke structure. The siphons extend about the length of the pallettes beyond the termina- tion of the pallettes and are separated throughout the distance that extends beyond the pallettes. The type, Cat. No. 341,132, U. S. N. M., was taken by the author from pilings in Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaiian Is. It measures: height, 9 mm., length, 8.5 mm.; thickness, 9 mm. The pallettes measure: length, 6 mm., of which 2.5 mm. go to the blade, which has a diameter of 2 mm. I take great pleasure in naming this shipworm for Admiral C. W. Parks, Chief of the Bureau of Yards and Docks, to whom I am indebted for much help in connection with shipworm problems. Teredo (Teredo) beachi, new species. Shell subglobular, with a strong posterior auricle. Exterior milk white, excepting the umbones and a streak in the median middle portion, which are rose colored ; interior bluish white. The anterior portion forms a deep sinus which is bordered by a narrow smooth edge, the external margin of which is reflected over the anterior portion as a smooth callus, which is translucent and permits the dental ridges covered by it to be seen through it. The dental ridges radiate from this anterior smooth portion fanshaped backward over the rest of the anterior area. There are about thirty-five of these in the type, although some of the earlier ones may have been lost through the erosion of the umbones. The dental ridges, which are finely denticulated at their free margin, are about one-third as wide as the flattened spaces that separate them at the junction of the anterior with the median portion. The flattened interspaces are finely striated, the striations coinciding with the dental ridges. The dental ridges of the anterior portion meet those of the posterior median portion at almost right angles. The dental ridges of the posterior median portion are closely crowded, being separated by a mere line only. They are very strongly denticulated. The middle median por- tion is a somewhat depressed area, which extends from the umbone to the ventral margin. There is a strongly impressed line marking the center of this area, which is crossed by rather rough, curved incremental lines which extend equally rough over the posterior median portion. The posterior portion forms a strong auricle, which is marked by rough lines of growth. The interior has the umbones strongly curved inward, forming a prominent knob, from the inside of which a strong, broad, thin blade extends, which maintains almost an equidistance from the inside of the shell throughout its entire length, the broad side of the blade being placed obliquely to this. The junction of the anterior and median portion is marked by a slightly thickened ridge on the inside. The center of the median portion is marked by a roughened area which extends from the umbones to the ventral margin, where the usual strong knob is present. The auricle extends over the pos- terior median portion and forms a narrow, thin, free shelf, with very little of a cavity behind it. The auricle is marked by strong, curved lines of growth. The pallettes are spatulate, very short stalked and very broad, 30 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. the distal dark portion being decidedly hollowed out, almost suggesting a basal joint of Bankia. Of the animal we may say that the siphons are of unequal thickness but almost of equal length. They are tipped with num- erous rose colored spots. They extend about half the length of the spatu- late portion of the pallettes, and are split to the base of the spatulate por- tion. A broad collar in the shape of a membrane surrounds the stalked portion of the pallettes and extends down over the rest of the animal for a length equal to the exposed part of the siphons. The type, Cat. No. 341,155, U. S. N. M., was collected in San Pablo Bay, California. It measures: height, 5.5 mm.; length, 6 mm.; thickness, 7 mm. The pallettes measure: length, 5.5 mm., of which 2 mm. go to the stalk; width, 2 mm. Thanks to the help of Captain Edward L. Beach, the Commandant of the Mare Island Naval Station, who placed at my disposal the necessary equipment for extracting and examining infested pilings, I was able to make a large collection of this species, which has been causing the extensive rav- ages in San Pablo Bay and the adjacent region in recent years. I therefore take great pleasure in naming this species in honor of the Captain. Teredo (Teredothyra) dominicensis, new species. Shell subglobular, compressed, cream yellow, the extreme anterior portion bearing a notch whose external border is reflected as a smooth fold over the outer portion of the shell, but not appressed to it. Immediately back of this are the dental ridges, which appear to radiate more or less fanlike from the anterior margin. They are closely crowded at the anterior margin, but become regularly more distantly spaced as they pass from the anterior to the posterior termination. At the latter place they are about two and a half times the width of the ridges. These ridges are exceedingly finely denticulated at their free margin; thirty-four of these are visible, but this is not all, for the earliest are partly covered by the anterior reflection, and some have probably been lost by the erosion of the umbones. These ridges join the dental ridges of the anterior median portion in a little more than a right angle. The latter are very closely crowded, the spaces between them being mere impressed lines. The dental ridges of the anterior median por- tion are a little more strongly denticulated than the dental ridges on the anterior portion. In about the middle of their length they separate from their closely packed condition, taking a decidedly backward slant on the early portion of the shell, and a lesser angle on the last portion The middle of the median portion is but a roughened groove, which extends from the umbone to the ventral margin. The posterior portion is about twice as wide as the anterior median, and is marked by rather strong lines of growth. In fact, it would almost seem as if the attenuated dental ridges, after bend- ing over the median groove, continued as smooth raised threads over the posterior median portion. The median portion, compared with Teredo in general, is rather narrow. The posterior portion forms a moderately large auricle which on the external surface is marked by lines of growth and a few roughened ridges. The interior of the shell is bluish white. The um- Bartsch — A New Classification of the Shipworms. 31 bones project into the interior of the shell as a strong boss, from the under side of which the slender blade curves downward basally. The narrow por- tion of the blade is parallel with the inside of the shell. The median por- tion is smooth, although it shows the groove that corresponds with the external depression, and bears the usual knob at the ventral margin. The posterior auricle does not project into the cavity of the interior to form a shelf, but fuses smoothly with the median portion. The auricle shows lines of growth markings on the inside. The pallettes are short stalked, the stalk being more or less irregularly curved. The expanded blade is hollow throughout its length, the cavity being divided into two chambers by a median septum. The type and some additional specimens, Cat. No. 341,129, U. S. N. M., come from a small piece of wood collected by the U. S. Coast Survey Steamer Blake at Station 192, in 138 fathoms off Dominica, West Indies. The type measures: length, 2.3 mm.; altitude, 2.2 mm. The pallette meas- ures: length, 2.5 mm., of which 1.2 mm. belong to the stalk. Width of pal- lette, 1.1 mm. XYLOPHAGA. An examination of the West American specimens belonging to the genus Xylophaga Turton in the collections of the United States National Museum shows that in addition to Xylophaga mexicana Dall we will have to recognize two new species. The three species have quite distinctive characters, and also occupy separate zoogeographic ranges. The exterior surface of the shell Xylophaga is not unlike that of Teredo and Bankia but the posterior end does not gape and the posterior auricular por- tion is not differentiated from the median. A broad median sulcus extends over the exterior of the shell from the umbones to the ventral margin and a strong lamina a little anterior to the middle of the sulcus reinforces the shell on the inside. This lamina is marked at more or less regular intervals by slight constrictions which give to it an articulated appearance. Xylophaga, like Teredo and Bankia, burrows in wood, but lacking the long siphonal portion characteristic of those genera, the burrows are correspond- ingly shallow. They are usually quite abundant and their burrows may completely honeycomb and riddle the piece of wood affected. The following key will help to differentiate the species: Ridges on the anterior portion strong and distantly spaced . . washingtona Ridges on the anterior portion not strong and distantly spaced. Ridges on the anterior portion slender and closely spaced. Anterior median area broad mexicana Anterior median area narrow californica Xylophaga mexicana Dall. In Xylophaga mexicana there are twenty denticulated ridges to the milli- meter in the center of the posterior area and the denticulated ridge bearing posterior median portion is 1.7 mm. in width at the angle of the junction of the posterior with the median part. 32 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. The type (Cat. No. 172,947, U.S.N.M.) comes from the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries Albatross Station 3422, off Acapulco, Mexico, dredged in 141 fathoms on mud bottom. The type measures: length, 5.1 mm.; altitude, 4.5 mm. Xylophaga californica, new species. In Xylophaga californica there are about fourteen denticulated ridges to a millimeter in the center of the posterior area, and the denticulated ridge bearing posterior median portion is .7 mm. in width at the angle of junction of the posterior with the median part. The type, Cat No. 209,876, U. S. N. M., comes from the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries Albatross Station 4525, off Pt. Pinos Light, California, in 75-108 fathoms, on mud bottom. The type measures: length, 4.9 mm.; altitude, 4.7 mm. Xylophaga washingtona, new species. In Xylophaga washingtona there are about ten denticulated ridges to a millimeter in the center of the posterior area and the denticulated ridge bearing posterior median portion is 1.2 mm. in width at the angle of junction of the posterior with the median part. The type. Cat. No. 344,479, U. S. N. M., was collected by Dr. C. C. Eng- berg at San Juan Island, Washington. The type measures: length, 5.7 mm.; altitude, 5.5 mm. There are two additional specimens entered from the same station under the same catalogue number. Cat. No. 226,151, U. S. N. M., represents two specimens from the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries Albatross Station 2867, oif the coast of Washington, taken from a piece of wood dredged in 37 fathoms. Cat. No. 331,683, U. S. N. M., contains 13 specimens dredged at U. S. Bureau of Fisheries Albatross Station 5432, off Oregon. Cat. No. 341,157, U. S. N. M., contains 95 specimens from U. S. Bureau of Fisheries Albatross Station 3456, off Washington, dredged in 136 fathoms on gray sand bottom, bottom temperature 42.2°. Cat. No. 341, 158, U. S. N. M., contains 5 specimens collected by Mrs. Oldroyd in Departure Bay, British Columbia. These were taken from a dead twig. An addi- tional lot from the same place is in Mrs. Oldroyd's collection. Vol. 34, pp. 33-40 March 31, 1921 PROCEEDINGS or THK BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON NEW MARINE MOLLUSKS FROM THE WEST COAST OF AMERICA. BY PAUL BARTSCH.i There have come to the National Museum from time to time among miscellaneous lots of moUusks sent here for determina- tion, forms which have not been previously described. Nine of these from the northwest coast of America are named in the present communication. I should very much like to pubhsh illustrations of these in connection with these descriptions, but lack of the necessary artist precludes doing so at the present time. I would withold these descriptions until that deficiency could be supphed, were it not for the fact that I am urged by our correspondents to give a status to these species, since they are to figure in a larger report on the shells of the Puget Sound region, by Mrs. Oldroyd. I wil' say, however, that the short- coming will be made up in the next communication on West American marine shells. Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) kincaidi, new species. Shell rather broadly elongate conic, yellowish white. Nuclear whorls decollated. The remaining turns are moderately well rounded and some- what overhanging, appressed at the summit, decidedly constricted at the suture, marked by rather depressed, slightly retractively slanting axial ribs, of which eighteen occur upon the first of the remaining turns, and twenty upon all the other turns. The spaces which separate the ribs are moder- ately impressed and terminate roundly about one-eighth of the distance between the summit and the suture, anterior to the suture. Periphery of the last whorl well rounded. Base short, inflated, well rounded, marked by the feeble continuation of the axial ribs, which become evanescent before reaching the umbilicus. In addition to the above sculpture the entire sur- face of the spira and base is marked by very fine closely spaced spiral stria- tions. Aperture rather large, very broadly oval, almost subquadrate; pos- 1 Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. 4_Pboc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 34, 1921. (33) 34 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. terior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within; inner lip slender, somewhat sinuous, reflected over and appressed to the base for three-fourths of its length ; parietal wall covered by a moderately thick callus. The type. Cat. No. 340,844, U. S. N. M., comes from Dogfish Bay, Puget Sound; it has eight whorls remaining and measures: length, 5.5 mm.; diam- eter, 1.7 mm. Odostomia (Chrysallida) cumshewaensis, new species. Shell broadly elongate conic, milk white, nuclear whorls at least two, obliquely immersed in the first of the postnuclear whorls, above which about two-thirds of the nuclear spire projects. Postnuclear whorls strongly rounded, constricted at the periphery, marked by strong, retractively slant- ing axial ribs, of which sixteen occur upon the first, eighteen upon the second, twenty-two upon the third and the penultimate turn. These ribs are crossed by four strong spiral cords which are a little wider than the ribs, and render the axial ribs tuberculated, the first row of tubercles at the sum- mit being decidedly smaller than the two that succeed it. All three of these have the tubercles strongly, evenly rounded. The fourth immediately above the periphery, however, has the spiral cord stronger than the axial ribs, and appears as an almost uninterrupted cord with feebler tubercles. The pits enclosed between the ribs and spirals cords are strongly impressed and rounded. Suture strongly constricted, a part of the first basal cord showing at the suture of the last two turns. Periphery well rounded, marked by a strong spiral cord. Base moderately long, marked by five spiral cords on the anterior three-fourths, which become succeedingly nar- rower and feebler, the last two being indicated merely by the incised lines that separate them. The anterior fourth of the base is smooth, excepting incremental lines. The spaces between the spiral cords on the base are crossed by fine axial threads. Aperture very broadly oval; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within; inner Up strongly curved, reflected over and appressed to the base, a very narrow chink remaining behind the lip, indicating a very slight umbihcus; parietal wall covered by a thick callus. The type. Cat. No. 340,860, U. S. N. M., was collected by Mrs. Oldroyd at Cumshewa Inlet, British Columbia. It has five postnuclear whorls and measures: length, 2.7 mm.; diameter, 1.2 mm. This species suggests Odostomia (Chrysallida) astricta Dall and Bartsch from Monterey, but differs from it in being more conic, with the whorls more rounded and having the base shorter and more rounded, as well as in minor details of sculpture. Cerithiopsis ffaseri, new species. Shell elongate conic, chestnut brown. Nuclear whorls decollated. Post- nuclear whorls almost flattened, marked by moderately strong, rounded, slightly retractively slanting axial ribs, of which eighteen occur upon the first, sixteen upon the second to fourth, eighteen upon the fifth, twenty Bartsch — New Marine Mollusks from America. 35 upon the sixth and seventh, twenty-six upon the eighth and the last whorl. Intercostal spaces about half as wide as the ribs. The spiral sculpture con- sists of three strong cords, of which the first, at the summit, is a little less strong on the early whorls than the other two, but on the last two whorls it equals the other two cords. The intersection of the axial ribs and spiral cords forms strong tubercles rounded on the first cord, slightly truncated posteriorly on the median cord, and strongly rounded anteriorly and strongly truncated on the third cord posteriorly, and gently sloping anteriorly. The spaces enclosed between the axial ribs and spiral cords are well rounded pits. Suture strongly impressed, the extreme appressed portion of the summit appearing as a slender sinuous spiral thread. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a sulcus about half as wide as that separating the median from the third cord. Base short, well rounded, marked by the feeble continua- tions of the axial ribs which extend more or less threadlike over the base, and two strongly impressed spiral lines on the posterior fourth of the base. The space separating the first from the second of these spiral lines is about as wide as that separating the first from the peripheral sulcus. There is no spiral cord at the insertion of the columella. Aperture decidedly chan- neled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, rendered wavy at the edge by the external sculpture which is visible through the substance of the shell; inner lip decidedly sinuous, reflected over and appressed to the columella; parietal wall provided with a thin callus. The type, Cat. No. 340,858, U. S. N. M., was collected by Mrs. Oldroyd at Clayoquot, British Columbia. It has nine and a half postnuclear whorls and measures: length, 6.5 mm.; diameter, 2.3 mm. I take pleasure in naming this species for Dr. C. M. Fraser, Director of the Biological Station, Nanaimo, British Columbia. Cat. No. 340,856, U. S. N. M., was collected by Mrs. Oldroyd. It comes from Victoria, British Columbia, and Cat. No. 340,857, U. S. N. M., two specimens, were likewise collected by Mrs. Oldroyd at Nanaimo, British Columbia. Additional specimens of this species are in Mrs. Oldroyd 's collection. Cerithiopsis onealensis, new species. Shell elongate conic, pale chestnut brown. Nuclear whorls decollated. Postnuclear whorls moderately rounded, slightly overhanging, crossed by very strong, broad, rounded, slightly protractively slanting axial ribs, of which sixteen occur upon the first four turns, eighteen upon the fifth and twenty-six upon the last. Intercostal spaces about half as wide as the ribs. In addition to the axial ribs the whorls are crossed by three strong spiral cords, of which the one at the summit is a little less strong than the other two. The junction of the axial ribs and spiral cords forms very prominent tubercles. Those on the cord near the summit are well rounded. Those on the median cord are truncated posteriorly, and almost truncated anteri- orly, while those on the cord above the suture are abruptly truncated pos- teriorly and slope moderately, gently anteriorly. On the last whorl, where the ribs are much more crowded, the tubercles have an oblong outline, and are about equal on all three cords, their long axis coinciding with the axis 36 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. of the shell. The pits enclosed by the spiral cords and axial ribs are well rounded on all the whorls. Suture strongly impressed. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a sulcus about as broad as that separating the median from the supersutural cord on the spire. Base short, well rounded, marked by feeble continuation of the axial ribs, which lend it a roughened aspect, and a single slender spiral thread, which encircles the base at the insertion of the columella. Aperture decidedly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within, sinuous at the edge; inner lip sigmoid, reflected over and appressed to the columella. The type, Cat. No. 340,827, U. S. N. M., was collected by Mrs. Oldroyd in 20 fathoms, off O'Neal Island, Puget Sound. It has almost seven post- nuclear whorls and measures: length, 5.1 mm.; diameter, 1.9 mm. Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsina) signa, new species. Shell elongate conic, pale brown. First half postnuclear whorl smooth, the next one and a half well rounded and marked by rather distantly spaced, almost vertical axial ribs. Postnuclear whorls appressed at the summit, marked by strong, rounded almost vertical axial ribs, of which eighteen occur upon the first, fourteen upon the second to sixth, sixteen upon the seventh, and eighteen upon the last turn. The spiral sculpture consists of three strong, equally spaced cords, which are crossed by strong axial ribs. The intersection of the axial ribs and the spiral cords form strong tubercles, which are truncated on their posterior margin, and slope gently anteriorly in all three groups. The spaces enclosed between the cords and the ribs are elongated pits which have their long axis coinciding with the spiral sculpture. In addition to this, the entire surface of the spire is marked by fine axial lines of growth and closely spaced spiral striations. Suture strongly impressed. Periphery of the last whorl rendered angulated by a keel. Base short, slightly concave at the insertion of the columella, marked by fine lines of growth and very fine spiral striations, and a slender spiral thread at the insertion of the columella. Aperture subquadrate; decidedly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip rendered sinuous by the spiral cords; inner lip sigmoid, reflected over and appressed to the columella. The type, Cat. No. 340,826, U. S. N. M., was collected off O'Neal Island, Puget Sound. It has 10.5 whorls and measures : length, 5.5 mm. ; diameter, 2.7 mm. The following additional specimens have been examined: 3 specimens, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Cat. No. 340,841, U. S. N. M. 4 specimens, Port Orchard, Puget Sound, Cat. No. 133,233, U. S. N. M. 7 specimens, San Juan Island, Puget Sound, Cat. No. 340,934, U. S. N. M. Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsina) willetti, new species. Shell large, robust, elongate conic, pale brown. All but the last nuclear whorl decollated. This shows, however, that the species belongs to the subgeiuis Cerithiopsina. Postnuclear whorls crossed by very strong, almost sublamellar, rather coarse, rounded, protractively slanting axial ribs, of which sixteen occur upon the first to fifth, eighteen upon the sixth, twenty Bartsch — New Marine Mollusks from America. 37 upon the seventh, and twenty-four upon the last turn. Intercostal spaces about two thirds as wide as the ribs. In addition to the axial ribs there are three strong spiral cords, of which the first is about as far anterior to the summit of the whorls as it is distant from its median neighbor. The first of these spiral cords is a little less strongly developed on the earlier whorls than on the succeeding turns, where it almost equals the other two. Tlie junction of the axial ril)s and the spiral cords forms strong tubercles, of which those on the cord at the summit are well rounded, while those on the median cord are truncated posteriorly and slope gently anteriorly. The same is true of the supra-sutural cord. On the last whorl, however, the tubercles are more elongated and the truncation at the anterior margin is less pronounced, the long axis of the tubercles coinciding with the axis of the shell. The spaces enclosed between the axial ribs and spiral cords are well rounded pits. The summit of the whorls falls a little anterior to the peri- pheral cord, and lets this appear as a narrow, smooth, sinuous thread in the somewhat constricted suture. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a strong cord, which constitutes the termination of the axial ribs. Base short and rounded, but concave at the junction with the columella. The junc- tion of the columella and the base is marked by a slender spiral cord. Aper- ture broadly oval, decidedly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, rendered sinuous by the external sculpture, which is also seen within the aperture by transmitted light; inner lip reflected over and ap- pressed to the columella. The type and two specimens of this species, Cat. No. 268,746, U. S. N. M., were collected by Mr. George Willett at Forrester Island, Alaska. The type has nine postnuclear whorls and measures: length, 7.5 mm.; diameter, 2.5 mm. Four additional specimens from the same station are in Mr. Willett's collection. Another specimen. Cat. No. 340,936, U. S. N. M., was collected by Mrs. Oldroyd at San Juan Islands. This species suggests Cerithiopsis (Cerifhiopsina) signa, but has much larger nuclear whorls and is in every way more robust than that species. Alvania sanjuanensis, new species. Shell moderately large, chestnut brown excepting the tip which is a little paler and the extreme base which is also lighter. Nuclear whorls one and a half, well rounded (the sculpture of the nuclear whorls erroded in all the shells seen except in a very small fraction of the last turn in the type, which presents a finely, somewhat wavy, spirally lirate surface. I am not quite certain whether axial threads are present or not). Nuclear whorls strongly shouldered at the summit, strongly rounded, marked on the first turn by three strong spiral cords, which occupy the anterior half of the turn ; on the second turn a fourth cord occurs a little anterior to the median line between the summit and the first strong cord, while on the next turn a fifth slender thread makes its appearance between the summit and this cord. This last cord at the summit never attains a strength as great as the third anterior to it, while the second one is fully as strong on the penultimate turn. In addition to these spiral cords the shell is marked by rather weak axial ribs, 38 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. of which twenty-four occur upon the second, twenty-six upon the third, and about thirty-two upon the last turn; on this they are decidedly en- feebled. The junction of the axial ribs and spiral cords forms feeble no- dules. The entire surface of the spire between ribs and interspaces is crossed by fine spiral and axial threads, which lend it a fine clothlike text- ure. Suture strongly constricted. Periphery of the last whorl well rounded. Base moderately long, well rounded, marked by seven equally spaced spiral threads, of which the seventh immediately behind the inner lip is very feeble. The rest are almost as wide as the spaces that separate them. The axial ribs do not extend over the base, but the fine sculpture described for the spire is also present here. Aperture ovate; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin at the edge, strongly curved; inner lip strongly curved, reflected and appressed to the base except at the extreme tip ; parietal wall covered by a thick callus, which renders the peritreme complete. The type and three additional specimens. Cat. No. 334,487, U. S. N. M., were collected by Dr. C. C. Engberg at San Juan Island, Gulf of Georgia. The type has 5 whorls and measures: altitude, 3 mm.; diameter, 1.5 mm. Eight additional specimens from the same station are in Dr. Engberg's collections. This species is nearest related to Alvania montereyensis Bartsch, but can at once be distinguished from it by its much larger size, as well as other de- tail characters. Alvania burrardensis, new species. Shell very broadly ovate, pale yellow. Nuclear whorls decollated in all our specimens. Postnuclear whorls strongly inflated, marked by strong, rather distantly spaced curved and slightly protractively slanting axial ribs, of which twenty-four occur upon the next to the last and twenty-two upon the last turn. In addition to the axial ribs the whorls are crossed by six equal and equally spaced, broad spiral cords, which render the axial ribs obscurely nodulose at their junction. The spaces separating the spiral cords are a little less wide than the cords. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a sulcus, which is crossed by the continuation of the axial ribs, which extend partly over the base, but evanesce soon after passing the periphery. Base short, strongly rounded, marked by nine equal and equally spaced prominent spiral cords, which are a little wider than the spaces that separate them. Aperture subcircular; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip reinforced by a callus at the edge; inner lip curved and appressed to the base; parietal wall covered by a moderately thick callus. The type and two specimens. Cat. No. 340,938, U. S. N. M., were col- lected by Mrs. Oldroyd at Burrard Inlet, British Columbia. The type has four whorls remaining and measures: length, 2.2 mm.; diameter, 2 mm. Five additional specimens from the same station are in the Oldroyd col- lection. This species is nearest related to Alvania rosana from off Santa Rosa Island. It differs from this by its less acute outline, by having the whorls more rounded, and also in other details of sculpture. Bartsch — New Marine Mollusks from America. 39 Vitrinella (Docomphala) columbiana, new species. Shell moderately large, depressed helicoid, semitranslucent, bluish-white. Nuclear whorls decollated. Postnuclear whorls gently rounded, almost ap- pressed at the summit, marked by rather strong incremental lines which ex- tend over both the upper and lower surface ; the lower surface is a little more convex than the upper; the umbilical wall is marked by strong notches. Aperture decidedly oblique, almost circular; parietal wall marked by a thin callus, which renders the peristome almost complete. The type, Cat. No. 340,848, U. S. N. M., was collected by Mrs. Oldroyd at Departure Bay. It has two and a half whorls remaining and measures: altitude, 1.5 mm.; greater diameter, 3.1 mm. The present species is nearest related to Vitrinella {Docomphala) stearnsi Bartsch, but differs from it in being a little more depressed, almost lacking the sculpture of the upper surface of that species, and in having the umbili- cus decidedly narrower and the notchings of the umbilical wall in the um- bilicus much less pronounced. Vol. 34, pp. 41-42 March 31, 1921 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON TWO NEW LEGUMES FROM MEXICO AND COSTA RICA. BY C. V. PIPER. In the course of a critical study of the genus CanavaHa it was found necessary to examine also the related genera. The two following plants seem to be undescribed species. Phaseolus chiapasanus, sp. nov. Herbaceous, climbing, slender-stemmed, the whole plant turning black in drying; stems terete, sparsely pilose with rusty hairs; petioles terete, rusty pilose, longer than the leaflets; stipules oblong-quadrangular, striate, acuminate, glabrous above, pubescent beneath, 1 cm. long; stipels narrowly oblong-lanceolate, striate, curved, pubescent beneath, 3-4 mm. long; peti- olules 5-6 mm. long, rusty pubescent; leaflets thin membranaceous, broadly ovate to orbicular, conspicuously acuminate with the tip apiculate, three- nerved from the rounded base, sparsely strigillose above, more so beneath especially on the nerves, 7-10 cm. long; flowers in loose slender bracteate racemes; bracts ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous above, rusty pubes- cent beneath, 4-5 mm. long, the lower ones entire, the upper divided to the base into 2 or 3 segments; pedicels slender, pubescent, 5-10 mm. long, each bearing a single bracteole at the base of the calyx; gland at base of pedicel expanded, 2-lobed; calyx campanulate, 8-9 mm. long, rusty pubescent with appressed coarse hairs, the lobes much shorter than the tube, the upper lip notched, shorter than the lower, the lobes obtuse, the lower lip 3-lobed, the lateral ones obtuse, the median longer and acute; corolla about 3 cm. long; standard orbicular, emarginate at apex, reniform at base, short-unguiculate, 2.5 cm. long, 2 cm. broad, rather firm in texture, a linear gland in the mid- dle toward the base ; wings as long as the body of the keel, unguiculate, the stalk and middle portion thickish, the terminal third thin and expanded, a short lobe near the middle ; keel thickish, semicircularly curved, the nar- now beak in two complete coils about 5 mm. broad; stamens diadelphous; ovary linear, rusty pubescent; style bearded on the under side toward the tip; stigma scarcely enlarged, lateral, covered with retrorse papillae. Finca Mexiquito, Chiapas, Mexico, C. A. Purpus 6881, Sept., 1913 (type in the U. S. National Herbarium, sheet No. 567.182). 5— Proc. Bioi>. Soc. Wash., Vol.. .34, 1921. (41) 42 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Calopogonium ferrugineum, n. sp. Herbaceous?; whole plant more or less densely covered with short ap- pressed ferruginous hairs; stems terete, densely hairy; petioles channelled above, shorter than the leaflets; stipules oblong, acutish and somewhat lacerate, pubescent on both sides, 3 mm. long; stipels narrowly lanceolate; petiolules densely pubescent, 3-4 mm. long; leaflets broadly ovate, the med- ian as broad as long, entire or obscurely 2- or 3-lobed, 3-nerved from the rounded base, acuminate and apiculate, sparsely strigillose above more so on the nerves, densely appressed pubescent beneath, 7-8 cm. long; inflor- escence a narrow erect panicle 20-30 cm. long on a stout peduncle nearly as long; branches of the panicle very short, thickened, each bearing 3-5 flowers; flowers deflexed, on slender pedicels about 5 mm. long; calyx cam- panulate, densely ferruginous, 6 mm. long, the upper Up shorter than the lower and with 2 short acutish teeth, the lower lip with 3 acute teeth, the median longest and nearly as long as the calyx tube ; bracteole at base of calyx minute, oblong-lanceolate; corolla purple, 7-8 mm. long; standard orbicular, obliquely nerved, not notched at apex, auricle at base, the auri- cles inflexed, unguiculate, the claw one-fourth as long as the blade, a linear thickening on each side of a median depression at the base of the blade; wings as long as the keel, spatulate, obtuse, unguiculate, each with a horn- like reflexed auricle at base; keel curved, blunt, the petals slightly united, somewhat gibbous, unguiculate, each blade with a hood-shaped or rarely horn shaped sac at base; ovary linear, densely hairy; style sparsely hairy beneath, coiled once at tip; pods (immature) linear, compressed, recurved at tip, densely ferruginous, not constricted between the seeds, 9 cm. long, 1.5 cm. wide, the stout pedicel 1 cm. long. Buissons a Las Vueltas, Tucurrique, Costa Rica, A. Tonduz 12889, Dec, 1898, sheet 577,657 in U. S. National Herbarium. Allied to C. coeruleum (Benth.) Desv. but readily distinguished by the form of the leaflets, the ferruginous appressed pubescence, the orbicular entire standard, and the much larger not constricted pods. The style in C. coeruleum is less hairy and straight. Vol. 34, pp. 43-46 March 31, 1921 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON NEW TREES AND SHRUBS FROM YUCATAN. BY S. F. BLAKE. The descriptions of the following new species of woody plants from Yucatan, made by the writer several years ago, are pub- Ushed here in order that the names may be available for use in the work on "Trees and Shrubs of Mexico," by Mr. Paul C. Standley of the U. S. National Herbarium, now in course of publication. Acacia dolichostachya Blake, sp. nov. Shrub 5 meters high ; stem unarmed, glabrous, the older branchlets weakly- armed with tiny indurate stipules, the younger minutely appressed-puberu- lous; upper leaves (immature) bipinnate, 3 to 3.5 cm. long including petiole; stipules 0.7 to 1 mm. long, subulate, straight, at length indurated or decidu- ous; petiole 1.5 to 2.2 cm. long, sparsely puberulous, bearing below the mid- dle a conspicuous oval or roundish gland 1 mm. long; rachis 1.3 to 1.5 cm. long, bearing an apical gland; pinnae 5 pairs, 2 to 2.5 cm. long, puberulous especially at the base of the leaflets; leaflets 24 to 29 pairs, linear-oblong, 3.5 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide, or smaller, obtuse, truncate-rounded at base, inequilateral, ciliolate, otherwise glabrous; spikes cylindric, numerous, axil- lary, erect, 3 to 3.5 cm. long, about 6 mm. thick, the rachis strigillose; pe- duncle 3 mm. long; flowers rather loosely spicate, 3 mm. long (including the stamens); bracteoles curved, yellowish, 0.5 mm. long, persistent; calyx turbinate, broadly truncate at base, strigillose, 0.6 mm. long, 5-lobed for X its length, the lobes deltoid, obtusish; corolla (in dried specimen) pale yellowish, 1.5 mm. long, strigillose, 5-lobed nearly to the middle, the lobes ovate, acutish; stamens 30, with free filaments, surpassing the corolla, the anther cells elliptic; ovary short-stiped, glabrous, 11 -ovulate; style curved. Type in the herbarium of the Field Columbian Museum, No. 446,819, collected at Las Bocas, Silam, Yucatan, May, 1916, by G. F. Gaumer & Sons (No. 23,329). This species belongs to the group Nudiflorae of the second subseries of the Vulgares, as treated by Bentham. Its nearest ally is A. coulteri Benth., from which it differs in the shorter spikes, smaller flowers with about half 6— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 34, 1921. (43) 44 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. the number of stamens of A. coulteri, and particularly in the persistence of the bracteoles on the rachis of the spikes after the fall of the flowers. Acacia gaumeri Blake, sp. nov. Tree 8 meters high; stem glabrous, below the stipules armed with firm, retrorse, broad-based, blackish prickles about 4 mm. long, as well as a few very small straight prickles; young branchlets spreading-pilosulous; leaves bipinnate, 4 to 4.5 cm. long including petiole; stipules subulate, deciduous, 1 mm. long; petiole 1.5 to 2 cm. long, canaliculate, subglabrous, bearing below the middle an oval gland 1 mm. long; rachis 2.5 cm. long, 3-canalicu- late, pilosulous in the grooves, unarmed, sometimes with a single apical gland; pinnae 4 pairs, 4 to 5 cm. long, narrowly oblong in outline, the axes pilosulous; leaflets 9 to 16 pairs, oblong, 8 to 11 mm. long, 2.5 to 4 mm. wide, inequilateral, rounded or truncate-rounded at apex, at base truncate- rounded and oblique, beneath slightly paler, sparsely appressed-pubescent on both sides; spikes very numerous, fascicled, axillary and terminal, form- ing an ovoid naked panicle 9 to 16 cm. wide, the axes spreading-pilosulous; ultimate peduncles 8 to 15 mm. long, pilosulous, usually bearing two linear- lanceolate, alternate bracteoles about 1.3 mm. long; spikes rather dense, oblong-cylindric, 1 to 1.4 cm. long, 6.5 mm. in diameter (including the sta- mens), the bracteoles deciduous; calyx turbinate, rounded at base, 1.5 mm. long, spreading-pilosulous below the teeth, 5-lobed for f its length, the lobes deltoid, acutish; corolla when dry pale yellowish, 2 mm. long, 5-lobed to middle, pubescent below the tip of the lobes with subappressed hairs, the lobes ovate, acutish, densely ciliate with subglandular hairs; stamens about ISO, some free, some irregularly fasciculate-connate at base or to the middle, 2.8 mm. long; ovary with slender glabrous stipe, about 11-ovulate, rather densely long-pilose. Type in the herbarium of the Field Columbian Museum, No. 446,825, collected three miles inland from Silam, Yucatan, May, 1916, by G. F. Gaumer & Sons (No. 23,332). A member of the Americanae Spiciflorae, as the genus is arranged by Bentham. Diospyros anisandra Blake, sp. nov. Dioecious shrub, 3 meters high; stem glabrous; leaves alternate, crowded at the tips of the branches; petioles 1 to 2 mm. long, sparsely puberulous; blades obovate, 2.5 to 4.3 cm. long, 1.2 to 2.3 cm. wide, retuse at apex, cuneate at base, shining above, beneath slightly paler, glabrous except for a few hairs at base of blade on upper side, chartaceous-membranaceous, slightly veiny, the lateral veins 4 to 6 pairs ; staminate flowers 1 or 2, axillary on the young branchlets, pendulous on pedicels 1 to 1.5 mm. long; calyx funnelform, 4 mm. long, glabrous outside, the 4 lobes lanceolate, 1.5 mm. long, acuminate, recurved, 3-ncrved, within spreading-puberulous below the apex; corolla urccolate, "yellow," glabrous, 14 mm. long, the tube 7 mm. long, the 4 lobes lanceolate, 7 mm. long, spreading, acuminate; stamens glabrous, connate at extroinc base, alternntely longer and shorter, the longer 4 mm. long (filaments 2 nun., anthers 2 mru.), the anthers obliquely cordate Blake — New Trees and Shrubs from Yucatan. 45 at base, acute at apex, the shorter stamens 2.7 mm. long (filaments 1 mm., anthers 1.7 mm.) ; pistillate flowers 1 or 2, axillary on the young branchlets, erect on glabrous pedicels 6 to 8 mm. long; calyx tube turbinate, 1.7 mm. long, glabrous outside, appressed-pubescent within, the 4 lobes ovate, acute or obtuse, spreading, at apex ciliate, at base within pilosulous, other- wise glabrous; bud subulate, very acute; corolla urceolate, glabrous, maroon color, the tube 4 mm. long, the 4 lanceolate acuminate lobes about 6.8 mm. long; pistil 4 mm. long; ovary 4-celled, with a pilose ring at base, the cells 1-ovuled; style 1 mm. long; stigma bifid, excavated. Type in the herbarium of the Field Columbian Museum, No. 446,760, col- lected in the forests of Suitun, Yucatan, May, 1916, by G. F. Gaumer & Sons (No. 23,307). The pistillate plant (No. 23,308) was collected with the type. A member of the Section Danzleria, not closely related to any described species. Citharexylum trinerve Blake, sp. nov. Shrub 1.5 meters high, the stem minutely hispidulous toward the apex, glabrate; leaves opposite, on ciliolate petioles 5 to 12 mm. long, the blades oval or elliptic, 3.2 to 5.2 cm. long, 1.7 to 3.2 cm. wide, obtuse or emarginu- late, not mucronate, at base short-cuneate, entire, chartaceous-coriaceous, above glabrous, prominulous-reticulate, beneath equally green, strongly 3-nerved slightly above the base, prominulous-reticulate, barbellate in the axils of the two lateral veins, otherwise glabrous; spikes terminal, solitary or in threes, usually simple, densely flowered, about 2.5 cm. long, about 1.6 cm. wide, the peduncle densely puberulous, 8 to 12 mm. long; bracts tri- angular, acute, 1.2 mm. long; flowers subsessile; calyx subtubular, 4 mm. long, villous-tomentose at apex in the sinus, otherwise subglabrous, 5- sulcate, with 5 short obtusish deltoid teeth; petals united for f their length, outside essentially glabrous, the tube 4 mm. long, short-pilose within above the base, the lobes 5, oblong, 5 to 5.5 mm. long, obtuse, inside densely bar- bate-villous ; perfect stamens 4, reaching the apex of the tube, the fifth sterile; ovary glabrous. Type in the herbarium of the Field Columbian Museum, No. 460,289, collected at Xnocac, Yucatan, December, 1916, by G. F. Gaumer & Sons (No. 23,502). This species is very distinct in its small roundish strongly 3-nerved leaves. Randia millspaughiana Blake, sp. nov. Glabrous shrub 6 meters high, 1 dm. thick, the branches armed with stout spines 4 to 9 mm. long; leaves crowded at tips of branchlets, opposite; petioles 1 to 1.5 mm. long, glabrous; blades oval, 1.5 to 2.7 cm. long, 0.9 to 1.7 cm. wide, short-pointed at base and apex, mucronulate, glabrous or sparsely puberulous beneath along the costa, above deep green and some- what shining, scarcely paler beneath, with 5 to 7 pairs of nerves; flowers solitary, sessile; calyx 5 to 6 mm. long, glabrous outside, the campanulate tube 4 mm. long (measured to apex of inner membrane), with a pilose ring 46 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. inside at base of throat, the 5 subulate teeth 3 mm. long from base; corolla salver-shaped, blackening on drying, the tube 13 to 15 mm. long, 2.5 mm. thick, slightly widened at apex, with a pilose ring inside between the base and the stamens, the 5 lobes lanceolate, acuminate, slightly oblique, 9 to 15 mm. long, 5 mm. wide; stamens 5, included, glabrous, the cells 5 mm. long; ovary 2-celled; style 10.5 mm. long; stigma slightly clavate, undivided, 4 mm. long. Type in the herbarium of the Field Columbian Museum, No. 446,691, col- lected at Maxcanu, Yucatan, March, 1916, by G. F. Gaumer & Sons (No. 23,260). Additional specimens collected in May are numbered Gaumer 23,227. This species is related to Randia xalapensis Mart. & Gal., but has a much larger calyx and corolla. In size of flower it is intermediate between R. xalapensis and R. longiloba Hemsl. Notoptera leptocephala Blake, sp. nov. Shrub 1.5 meters high; stem terete, striate, gray, tuberculate-hispid- pilose with incurved hairs and puberulous; leaves opposite; petioles densely tuberculate-hispid-pilose, 5 mm. long; blades ovate or elliptic-ovate, 5.5 to 8.5 cm. long, 2 to 3.5 cm. wide, acuminate, at base rounded or cuneate, mucronulate-denticulate (teeth 9 to 12 pairs), above very harshly tubercu- late-hispidulous, beneath paler, rather softly and densely hispidulous- pilosulous and gland-dotted, reticulate-venose with about 10 pairs of lateral veins; uppermost leaves bracteiform, 1.8 to 3.8 cm. long; panicles termin- ating stem and branches, 8 cm. wide, 4 to 8 cm. long, convex; bracts 3 to 6 mm. long; peduncles 5 to 14 mm. long;pedicels 1 to 4 mm. long; heads discoid, about 26-flowered, when young subcylindric, 7.5 mm. high, 3.5 mm. thick, in age 9 tolO mm. high, G to 6.5 mm. thick; involucre about 4-seriate, 3.5 to 4.5 mm . high, the phy Uaries subcoriaceous, strigose, the outer ovate, obtuse, glab- rate, the inner lanceolate, acute; corollas whitish, curved or reflexed, 4.5 mm. long (tube 2 mm. long, ampliate at base, teeth 1.2 mm. long) ; pales narrow, carinate and winged, obtuse, glabrous, erose-denticulate above; achenes ovate or oblanceolate, 3.5 to 4.5 mm. long (excluding wings), blackish, glabrous, narrowly winged on each side; pappus awns 2, the inner 2.2 mm. long, winged to apex, the wing spinose-ciliolate, the outer 1.5 mm. long, ciliolate, winged to the middle (the wing subglabrous), sometimes trifid at base. Type in the herbarium of the Field Columbian Museum, No. 460,238, cf)llected at Xnocac, Yucatan, December, 1916, by G. F. Gaumer & Sons (No. 23,473). This species belongs to the Section Loxosiphon, and is readily distin- guished from any other species of that group by its subcylindric heads. The sectional character* requires a slight modification to cover the ciliate wings of the achene in this species, a feature not previously known in this section. According to the collectors' note, Notoptera leptocephala is re- ported to be used medicinally. iSee Blake, Journ. Bot. 53: 225. 1915. Vol. 34, pp. 47-48 March 31, 1921 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON NOTES ON THREE CLUPEOID FISHES COLLECTED BY EDMUND HELLER IN SAN FILIPE BAY, GULF OF CALIFORNIA. BY CARL L. HUBBS. Several specimens of clupeoid fishes (herrings and anchovies), collected by Edmund Heller in San Filipe Bay on the gulf coast of Lower California, are now deposited in the Field Museum of Natural History. These include the types of a new species of Anchoviella, named for the collector, and topotypes of a nominal species, which this added material shows to be a synonym of Cetengraulis mysticetus. 1. Opisthonema libertate Gunther. Three specimens, each with 20 anal rays. 2. Anchoviella helleri, new species. Relationships. — Anchoviella helleri closely resembles naso, starksi, cul- trata and delicatissima, differing from each in details of form and propor- tions, and in the number of fin-rays, gill-rakers, etc. Holotype. — A specimen 78 mm. long to caudal base, taken by Edmund Heller (for whom the species is named), with two slightly smaller paratypes, in San Filipe Bay, Gulf of California; Cat. No. 3332, Field Museum of Natural History. Description.— Body slender, the contours weakly arched; greatest depth, 4.9 (to 5.2) in length to caudal base; least depth of caudal peduncle, 2.8 (2.8 to 3.2) in length of head; belly rounded both before and behind pelvic fins, but scarcely carinate. Head slender and rather long, its length to end of opercle being contained 3.65 times in length to caudal; its greatest depth, below occiput, 1.8 (1.65 to 1.75) in its length. Snout long, abruptly pro- duced beyond upper jaw and no.strils, rounded terminally; its length .slightly less than diameter of eye, 5.5 (to 4.5) in head; length of eye, 4.5 (4.2 to 4.3). Maxillary long, tapering behind its subterminal dilation to its extreme rounded tip; nearly extended to gill opening. Teeth developed in both jaws, all directed vertically. Cheek an acute triangle, its base half the distance from its apex to middle of pupil ; opercle oblique, oblong, about one-third as wide as deep. Gill-rakers dentate, bluntly pointed, compara- tively short and widely spaced, the longest not quite so long as eye ; their number, 18 + 18 (to 18 + 20). 7_Pnor. Bior.. Soo. Wa.'^h.. Vol.. 34. 1021. (47) 48 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Scales deciduous anteriorly; in 40 rows from gill opening to caudal base. Dorsal rays, excluding anterior rudiments, 13 (13 or 14); anal, 19 (19 or 20) . Origin of dorsal midway between end of hypural and middle of snout (or front of orbit); height of dorsal 1.6 (to 1.7) in head, about one-fifth longer than base of fin. Height of anal about equal to length of dorsal base; base of anal as long as distance from middle of eye to insertion of pectoral fin. Pectorals 1.7 (to 1.8) in head, not reaching to pelvic fin; the latter a little longer than half the interspace between pelvic insertion and anal origin, or a little longer than distance from tip of snout to posterior border of pupil. Lateral band brilliant and sharply distinct, bordered above with black, narrowed in both directions from the middle of its length; its greatest width equal to length of snout. Sides and lower surfaces of head, and iris, also bright silvery; upper surface of head punctulate, the occiput and nape blackish; vertebral streak consisting of irregular rows of dots before dorsal, and of two blackish streaks behind dorsal, becoming most conspicuous along the upper procurrent caudal rays; no conspicuous punctulations along base of anal fin; caudal dark-edged, the other fins pale. 3. Cetengraulis mysticetus Gunther. Stolephorus opercularis Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 4, 1881 (1882), p. 275 (San Filipe Bay, Lower California; description); Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 47, pt. 1. 1896, p. 445 (after Jordan & Gilbert); Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 13, 1890, p. 449 (Panama record). Anchovia opercularis Gilbert & Starks, Mem. Calif. Acad. Sci., 4, 1904, p. 42 (after Gilbert). Three anchovies, topotypes of Stolephorus opercularis, described from injured specimens, were collected by Edmund Heller at San Filipe Bay, Lower California. Having the branchiostegal membranes broadly united, they are referable to the genus Cetengraulis, and to the species mysticetus of the Panama region. These specimens from the Gulf of California confirm the differences which Gilbert & Starks (/. c, p. 47) observed in comparing mysticetus with its Atlantic representative edentulus. The following figures are given for comparison with those published by Gilbert and Starks. Measurements in hundredths of length without caudal. Length to end of hypural, mm. 102 101 93 Head (to end of suJDopercle) 34 33.5 33.5 Depth of body 27 26.5 24.5 Diameter of orbit 7.5 7.5 7.5 Length of nia.xillary 20 20 19.5 Length of snout 4.5 4 4 Greatest length from preopercu- lar ridge to gill opening 15 15 16 Number of dorsal rays 14 14 14 Number of anal rays 20 20 Number of scales 43 43" 40 Vol. 34, pp. 49-50 March 31, 1921 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON MUTANDA ORNITHOLOGICA. X. BY HARRY C. OBERHOLSER. In the following paragraphs> attention is called to the pre- occupied names of five species of birds. These belong to the families Turdidae, Pycnonotidae, and Ploceidae. Family TURDIDAE. Petrophila erythrogastra (Vigors). The name Petrophila erythrogastra, long in use for a Himalayan thrush, is untenable, since its original combination, Turdus erythrogaster Vigors (Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1831 [March 2, 1832] p. 171; Himalaya Mountains), is a homonym of the prior Turdus erythrogaster Boddaert (Tabl. Planch. Enlum. d'Hist. Nat., 1783, p. 22; Senegal), which latter is a synonym of Spreo pulcher (Mtiller). For Petrophila erythrogastra the Petrocincla rufiventris Jardine and Selby (Illustr. Ornith., 1835, pi. CXXIX; Hima- layan District, India) will therefore come into use, and the name of this species now will become Petrophila rufiventris (Jardine and Selby). Family PYCNONOTIDAE. lole philippensis (Gmelin). The name lole philippensis (Gmelin), at present in use for a Philippine bulbul, must be discarded, since its original combination, Turdus phil- ippensis Gmelin (Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, p. 814; Philippine Islands), is invalidated by Turdus philippensis Miiller (Vollstand. Natursyst. Suppl., 1776, p. 145; Philippine Islands), a synonym of Petrophila cyanus solitaria (Mtiller). Its only other name is Philedon gularis Pucheran (Arch. Mus. d'Hist. Nat., VII, 1854, p. 344, pi. XVIII; "China"), the type locality of which, originally and erroneously given as China, we hereby designate as Manila, Luzon Island, Philippine Islands. The species will, therefore, now stand as lole gularis (Pucheran). iFor the nine previous articles in this series, cf. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXX, March 31: 1917, pp. 75-76; July 27, 1917, pp. 125-126; ibid., XXXI, May 16, 1918, pp. 47-49; November 29, 1918, pp. 125-126; ibid., XXXII, February 14, 1919, pp. 7-8; April 11, 1919, pp. 21-22; June 27, 1919, pp. 127-128; December 31, 1919, pp. 239-240; ibid., XXXIII. December 30, 1920, pp. 83-84. 8— Pboc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 34, 1921. (49) 50 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Family PLOCEIDAE. Erythrura tricolor (Vieillot). The name Erythrura tricolor can no longer be employed for the species of weaver bird to which it has been applied, since its original combination, Fringilla tricolor Vieillot (Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., XII, 1817, p. 233; Timor), is debarred by Fringilla tricolor Linnaeus (Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, p. 323; Surinam, Dutch Guiana), applied to some other and unde- termined species. The proper name for the Timor bird seems to be Enjthnira forbesi Sharpe (Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIII, 1890, p. 387; Loetoer, Timorlaut Island, East Indies), from Timorlaut Island, since the latter is, according to both E. Hartert (Novit. ZooL, XI, 1904, p. 217) and C. E. Hellmayr (Zool. Timor, I, 1914, p. 62), inseparable from the bird from Timor. Since the generic name Erythrura was originally spelled Erythura (Swain- son, Nat. Hist, and Classif. Birds, II, 1837, p. 280), the species at present under consideration should now stand as Erythura forbesi (Sharpe). Spermospiza guttata (Vieillot). The Loxia guttata of Vieillot (Hist. Nat. Ois. Chant., 1805, p. 103, pi. LXVIII; Malimba, French Congo, West Africa), which is now known as Spermospiza guttata, must give way on account of Loxia guttata Shaw (Mus. Lever., II, No. 6, 1796, p. 47, upper fig. [2] of plate; Australia), which is now called Stagonopleura guttata (Shaw). The next available name for this weaver bird seems to be Fringilla pustulata Voigt (Cuv. Thierr., I, 1831, p. 581), which is a renaming of Loxia guttata Vieillot. This appears not to be preoccupied, because Fringilla pustulata Lichtenstein (Verz. Saug. und Vogeln Zool. Mus. K. Univ. Berhn, 1818, p. 24), which refers to a form of Leucosticte from the Kuril Islands, is a nomen nudum. The weaver bird, Spermospiza guttata, we must, therefore, hereafter call Spermospiza pustu- lata (Voigt). Estrilda cinerea (Vieillot). The name Estrilda cinerea must be changed, since its basis, Fringilla cinerea Vieillot (Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., XII, 1817, p. 176; Africa), is rendered untenable by Fringilla cinerea Gmelin (Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, p. 922; Unalaska, Alaska), which is now considered a synonym of Melo- spiza melodia sanaka McGregor. A name for Estrilda cinerea is to be found in Fringilla troglodytes Lichtenstein (Verz. Doubl., 1823, p. 26; Senegambia), and it should be known hereafter as Estrilda troglodytes (Lichtenstein). Vol. 34, pp. 51-54 March 31, 1921 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON FIVE NEW GENERA OF BIRDS. BY J. H. RILEY.i In working upon a collection of birds from Celebes, I have found trouble in placing a number of species in currently accepted genera, as others have in the past. It seems to me that such species had better be removed and accordingly I propose the following genera for their reception: Compsoenas, gen. nov. Type, Columba radiata Quoy and Gaimard. Similar to Zonophaps Salvadori (type, Hemiphaga forsteni Bonaparte), but the inner web of the three outer primaries widened about the middle, then sinuated to the tips, instead of having the two outer primaries scooped out about the middle; tail proportionally shorter, the feathers not so broad. The two species will stand as : Compsoenas radiata (Quoy and Gaimard) and Compsoenas mindorensis (Whitehead). Lamprura, gen. nov. Type, Columba rufigaster Quoy and Gaimard. Similar to Zonophaps Salvadori, but the inner web of the outer primary slightly tapering towards the tip with a small elongated nick near the end, instead of having the two outer primaries scooped out on the inner web near the middle ; tail proportionally shorter, the under tail-coverts reaching more than half way to the tip of the tail, instead of not more than half way; coloration quite different, rump and tail purple, the tail band apical. Remarks. — Whether the remaining species put in Zonophaps by Sharped are congeneric with the above, I am unable to say, as they are autopically unknown to me, but judging from descriptions alone, Carpophaga finschi Ramsay is not. Meyer and Wiglesworth^ have already called attention to the fact that Zonophaps Salvadori is a composite genus, the only species congeneric with 1 Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. 2Hand-list, I, 1899, 66. SBirds Celebes, 2, 1898, 623, 625, 626. 9— Pboc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 34. 1921. (51) 52 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. the type (Hemiphaga forsteni Bonaparte) being Carpophaga poliocephala Gray. They indicated the sections into which the genus can be divided, but unfortunately provided no names for these sections, probably because following Salvador! they only recognized Zonophaps as a subgenus of Carpophaga. Diopezus, gen. nov. Type, Phlegaenas tristigmata Bonaparte. Similar to Gallicolumba Heck (type Columba luzonica Scopoli), but the tarsus about a fifth longer than the middle toe with claw, instead of nearly equal; the breast spot of decomposed feathers more diffused and of a diff- erent texture; bill heavier, the covering of the nostril proportionally less swollen; type of coloration different. Remarks. — Dr. Chas. W. Richmond' has shown that Plegoenas Reichen- bach, 1851, is antedated by Gallicolumba Heck, 1849, both names having the same type. The group of pigeons placed by authors in Plegoenas (usually written Phlogoenas, but there are many variations) is a composite one and needs revision, but which I have neither the material or inclination to undertake at present. Phlegaenas tristigmata Bonaparte is so aberrant that it should be removed, however. Cranobrontes, gen. nov. Type, Buceros leucocephalus Vicillot. Similar to Cranorrhinus Cabanis and Heine (type Buceros cassidix Temminck), but maxilla without a grooved plate at the base; casque smaller, not so arched, and corrugations more pronounced; the two outer primaries more attenuate at the tip. The three species of the genus will stand as : Cranobrontes leucocephalus (Vieillot). Cranobrontes corrugatus (Temminck). Cranobrontes waldeni (Sharpe). Remarks. — Meyer and Wiglesworth^ have suggested that Cranorrhinus be restricted to the Celebes species and as it is clear that the other three species usually placed in the same genus are not congeneric I have acted upon their suggestion. Orodytes, gen. nov. Type, Arach7iothera? celebensis Meyer and Wiglesworth. Similar to Stigmatops Gould (type, .Glyciphila octdaris Gould) but the bare skin around the eye more extensive, extending above as well as below the orbit; the eyelid above and below surrounded by small feathers, these feathers meeting behind on the naked area; ear-coverts not composed of small specialized silky feathers; bill proportionally longer and heavier (culmen much longer than the tarsus instead of only slightly); tail roun- ded instead of truncate; body feathers coarser and harsher, not so blended and silky. jProc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 53, 1917, 591. 2 Birds Celebes, I, 1898, 2.39. Riley— Five New Genera of Birds. 53 The two forms will stand as: Orodytes celebensis celebensis (Meyer and Wiglesworth), and Orodytes celebensis meridionalis (Meyer and Wiglesworth). Remarks: — Meyer and Wiglesworth place their Arachnothera? celebensis in Melilestes Salvadori (type, Ptilotis megarhynchus Gray) but say "the foot and tarsus is * * * smaller and more delicate in the Celebes form, the tarsus is indeed about 14 the length of the wing and longer than the middle toe, while in Melilestes megarhynchus the tarsus is about xV longer and equal to the middle toe; the space of bare skin behind and above the eye is also peculiar to the Celebes form. Still it appears to us to stand as near (or nearer) to the typical Melilestes as does M. iliolophus and its allies, and it would be disadvantageous to bury its affinities under a new generic name."i As the above shows Melilestes celebensis clearly did not belong in the genus Melilestes, Stresemann^ removed and placed it in Stigmatops Gould, but in my opinion this was not a happy disposition and it seems to me the only solution of the difficulty is to erect a genus for its reception. 1 Birds Celebes, 2, 1898, 482. 2Nov. Zool.,21,1914,393. Vol. 34, pp. 55-58 March 31, 1921 PROCEEDINGS OP THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON FOUR NEW BIRDS FROM CELEBES. BY J. H. RILEY.i r^ This is the fourth paper^ deaUng with the birds collected in North and Middle Celebes by Mr. H. C. Raven. For the loan of material used in working out two of the forms, I am indebted to the authorities of the American Museum of Natural History, New York, and to Mr. J. H. Fleming, Toronto, Ontario. Scolopax celebensis, sp. nov. Type, adult male, U. S. National Museum, No. 226,174, Rano Rano, Celebes, Dec. 22, 1917. Collected by H. C. Raven (orig. No. 4838). Similar to Scolopax saturata but russet notches on primaries much larger and deeper in color; wing and culmen longer. Wing, 188; culmen, 86.5. mm. Remarks.— Mr. Raven found this woodcock inhabiting bamboo thickets in the mountains at the type locality, where they only came out at night to feed. The only specimen he succeeded in recovering had been badly eaten by ants, as it had been shot the evening before, and made into a rough skeleton. The flight feathers had been left on the wing and some feathers around the base of the bill and the end of the tibia. The flight feathers alone show this to be a very distinct species of woodcock, quite different from Scolopax saturata and more like rusticola, having the russet notches on both webs of the primaries, but of a much deeper color; the wing-coverts are of a different pattern, the russet darker and confined to notches along the border not bars, the rest of the feather brownish-black, like the primaries. Judging from the plate^ and remarks, Scolopax rusticola viira Hartert approaches the Celebes species, but the latter has a much darker wing, and as the former is supposed to be a resident on the Island of Amami in the northern Riu Kiu group, it is not likely to occur in Celebes. This genus has not been reported from Celebes before. 1 Published by permission of the Secretarj' of the Smithsonian Institution. 2Cf. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 31, 1918, pp. 155-160; 32, 1919, pp. 93-96; 33, 1920, pp. 55-58. 3Nov. Zool. 24, 1917, 437, pi. 2. 10— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 34, 1921. (55) 56 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Dendrobiastes hyperythra jugosae, subsp. nov. Type, adult male, U. S. National Museum, No. 251,100, Goenoeng Lehio, Celebes, January 17, 1917. Collected by H. C. Raven (original No. 3412). Similar to Dendrobiastes hyperythra vulcani Robinson' from Java but averaging lighter above; the belly with more white; wing longer. Wing, 62; tail, 43; culmen, 10 mm. The female is more different than the male. The back is more brownish olive; the superciliary and lower parts more of a clay color, not hght buff; edgings of the remiges darker than in the Javan form. Remarks. — The above race is founded upon a good series from the mountains of north and north central Celebes. For comparison I have had a small series of topotypes of D. h. vulcani, two male paratypes of D. h. annamensis, and one male from Kina Balu, north Borneo. While the males of the Celebes and Java forms are quite similar, the females are quite different. The female of the Javan form has the pectoral band very pro- nounced with the throat much lighter, while in that from Celebes the throat is little lighter than the chest. The two males of D. h. annamensis are quite similar to same sex from Celebes but they appear to be larger and the brown edging on the remiges more pronounced. The single male from Kina Balu is lighter above and much lighter below than any specimen before me and probably represents a distinct form. Myzomela chloroptera juga, subsp. nov. Type, adult male, U. S. National Museum, No. 256,965, Indrulaman, south Celebes, October, 1895. Collected by Alfred Everett. Similar to Myzomela chloroptera chloroptera but much grayer on the breast and belly; the back, wings and tail distinctly brownish; the red duller; size slightly smaller. Wing, 57; tail, 37; culmen, 15.5 mm. Remarks. — In a large series fron north Celebes, the type locality of Myzomela chloroptera Walden, the breast and belly is rather strongly washed with sulphur yellow and the scapulars, wings, and tail are dis- tinctly black. In a series of four males from South Celebes (three from the type locality and one from Bonthain Peak) the breast and belly almost lack the sulphur wash, making them more grayish; the scapulars, wings, and tail are distinctly brownish; and the reds are duller. The slight differ- ence in size between the two series might disappear upon the measurement of a larger series but the color differences are very great upon comparison. Meyer and Wiglesworth" had noticed these differences but their series was very small. A male from Saleyer Island has the red of the plumage much lighter than Myzomela chloroptera juga; otherwise it does not differ materially, but whether this difference is due to age or not it is impossible to say until a larger series has been examined. iJourn. Fed. Malay States Mus., 7, 1918, 23.5. 2Bd8. Celebes, II, 1898, 478. Riley — Four New Birds from Celebes. 57 Lamprocorax montosa, sp. nov. Type, adult male, U. S. National Museum, No. 250,903, Rano Lindoe, Celebes, March 6, 1917. Collected by H. C. Raven (original No. 3721). Similar to Lamprocorax minor, but feathers of the throat, jugulum, and sides of neck almost plain shining green, only a slight purplish sheen seen in certain lights; averaging slightly smaller. Wing, 99; tail, 59.5; culmen, 16; tarsus, 21; middle-toe, 17.5 mm. Remarks. — The above species is founded upon eleven males, eight females, and three immatures, all taken at the type locality, March 4-16, 1917. For comparison I only have three females of Lamprocorax minor from Pendek and Tobea Islands, Buton Strait. There appears to be little difference in the sexes, the female only being smaller and duller than the males. The series of Lamprocorax montosa is quite uniform, the purplish sheen on the throat and jugulum being faint and only seen in a favorable light and absent or nearly so from the sides of the neck. In Lamprocorax minor the purplish sheen is much more pronounced on the throat and jugulum and even extends to the side of the neck; it is also apparently larger. The type of Lamprocorax todayensis (a female) from Mt. Apo, Mindanao, resembles Lamprocorax montosa very much, but the feathers of the throat and jugulum are more lanceolate and the purple sheen is still fainter, almost lacking; the wings are duller. I attach no importance to the latter, as the series of L. montosa, shows that as the plumage fades the iridescent green of the wings disappears and they become brownish and the backs steely. Lamprocorax todayensis and montosa are both mountain forms derived from the same stock, probably Lamprocorax minor, but as the latter appears to be even a later immigrant from the south into Celebes, it is better to treat them all as species for the present until more is known of their distribution and relationship. Vol. 34, pp. 59-62 March 31, 1921 PROCEEDINGS OP THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ADDITIONAL FUNGOUS INSECTS AND THEIR HOSTS. BY HARRY B. WEISS AND ERDMAN WEST. Since the publication of our former list (Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol. 33, pp. 1-20, 1920), the following records have accumulated. Our thanks are due to Mr. Chas. Dury for identifications in the Cisidae, to Mr. H. Notman for his help with the Staphylinidae and to Mr. C. W. Leng and Mr. C. A. Frost for miscellaneous determinations in the Coleoptera. Records not specifically credited were obtained by the writers. Of special interest is the record by Mr. W. A. Hoffman of Plesiocis cribrum from Polyporus volvatus at Albany, N. Y., this species having been previously described and recorded from California. COLEOPTERA. Family Carabidae. Tachys flavicauda Say. South River, N. J., April 14, on Polyporus oersicolor. Family Silphidae. Silpha americana Linn. New Brunswick, N. J., Aug. 8, feeding on decayed Russula sp. and Lactariits sp. (G. W. Martin). Family Staphylinidae. Gyrophaena flavicornis Melsh. Sherborn, Mass., on Collybia platyphylla, (C. A. Frost). Monmouth Jc, N. J., June 10, on Tricholoma terrifera. Gyrophaena corruscula Er. Monmouth Jc, N. J., on Pleurotus sapidus. Atheta frosti Brnk. Attleboro, Mass., on Clavaria sp., (C. A. Frost). Atheta pennsylvanica Brnk. Attleboro, Mass., on Clavaria sp., (C. A. Frost). Atheta polita Melsh. Attleboro, Mass., on Amanita caesarea, (C. A. Frost). Atheta virginica Brnk. Nantick, Mass., on Clytocybe maxima, (C. A. Frost). 11— Pboc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 34, 1921. (59) 60 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Omalium humerosum Fa. Springfield, N. J., February 14, in Polyporus fumosus. Oxyporus 5-inacuIatus Lee. Monmouth Junction, N. J., feeding on Hypholoma sublateritium. Family Scaphidiidae. Scaphisoma repanda Csy. Blue Anchor, N. J., Sept. 1, on Polyporus spraguei. Family Erotylidae. Megalodacne fasciata Fab. Union, N. J., August 4, feeding on and breeding in Fames fraxineus. Tritoma thoracica Say. Whitesbog, N. J., August 28, on Amanita rubes- cens, (G. W. Martin). Tritoma biguttata Say. Cedar Bridge, N. J., August 22, on Amanita rubescens, (G. W. Martin). New Brunswick, N. J., July 11, on Amanita muscaria, New Brunswick, N. J., Sept. 10, on Polyporus lactevs, (G. W. Martin). Family Colyiidae. Philothermus glabriculus Lee. Monmouth Jc, June 10, in slime mould. Family Mycetophagidae. Litargus balteatus Lee. New Brunswick, N. J., May 30, feeding on Poly- porus tsugae. Family Nitidulidae. Stelidota geminata Sat. Monmouth Jc, N. J., May 30, on Pleurotus cervinus, Springfield, N. J., Sept. 12, in Polyporus chioneus. New Brunswick, N. J., August 1, on CoUybia radicata, (G. W. Martin). Phenolia grossa Fab. Monmouth Jc, N. J., May 5, in Fames igniarius. Cyllodes biplagiatus Lee West Point, N. Y., in Fames rimosus, (C. W. Leng); on Pleurotus ostreatus, Monmouth Jc, N. J., May 30. Rhizophagus bipunctatus Say. Princeton Jc, N. J., April 24, in Polyporus versicolor. Family Latridiidae. Melanopthalma longipennis Lee Middlesex County, N. J., May 6, in Lenzites betulina. Family Trogositidae. Peltis pippingskoeldi Mann. Alma, Calif., January, in Fomes pinicola, (Hartman). Family Dascyllidae. Eucinetus morio Lee Monmouth Jc, N. J., June 7, in Trichia sp. (slime mould). Weiss and West — Fungous Insects and their Hosts. 61 Family Cisidae. Cis cylindricus Dury. Linn Co., Oregon, October 6, breeds in Polyporus hirsutus, (W. J. Chamberlin). San Franciso, Cal., in Polyporus versicolor, (received from Mr. Chas. Dury). Corvallis, Oregon, March, breeds in Polyporus versicolor, (Chamberlin). Cis impressa Csy. Linn Co., Oregon, October 6, breeds in Polyporus versicolor, (W. J. Chamberlin). Corvallis, Oregon, March, in P. versi- color (Chamberlin). Cis hystricula Csy. Alma, Calif., Jan. in Polyporus versicolor, (Hartman). Cis vitula Mann. Alma, Calif., Jan., in Polyporus versicolor, (Hartman). Cis serricollis Dury. Alma, Calif., Jan., in Trametes sepium, (Hartman). Plesiocis cribrum Csy. Albany, N. Y., August 11, breeding in Polyporus volvulus, (W. A. Hoffman). Dolichocis manitoba Dury. Alma, Calif., Jan., in Fomes pinicola, (Hart- man). Rhipandrus paradoxus Beauv. Springfield, N. J., October, in Irpex lade us. Family Scarabaeidae. Onthophagus hecate Panz. New Brunswick, N. J., July, on Russula alutacea, (G. W. Martin). Family Tenebrionidae. Diaperis maculata Oliv. New Brunswick, N. J., August 8, (G. W. Martin), Blue Anchor, N. J., Sept. 1, on Polyporus spraguei. Platydema ellipticum Fab. Union, N. J., August 4, on Polyporus albellus. Nyctobates pennsylvanica DeGeer. Springfield, N. J., May 30, on Poly- porus gilvus. Eleates occidentalis Csy. Alma, Calif., Jan., in Fomes pinicola, (Hart- man). Vol. 34, pp. 63-66 March 31, 1921 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON FOOD HABITS OF SCELOPORUS GRACIOSUS GRACI- OSUS (BAIRD AND GIRARD). BY HERBERT J. PACK. A few years ago the writer collected about seventy specimens of the common sagebrush swift, Sceloporus graciosus graciosus (Baird and Girard) for a study of its food habits. The stomach contents of these lizardsh ave been examined and the results are tabulated below. Most of the lizards were taken on the foothills northeast of Salt Lake City, while a few were secured in the western part of the city and ten miles to the north in Bountiful. All were taken in the month of August, except as noted in the following table. This is a numerical, not a per- centage, table. The examination of the stomach contents thoroughly substantiated the common beHef that this Hzard is insectivorous and beneficial. The chief item of food was found to be the red-legged locust, Melanoplus femur- rubrum. This was the smallest and most abundant grasshopper in the localities from which lizards were collected. It is surprising to note the great number of lizards, 69 per cent, that had eaten one or more of these locusts. The next insects in importance were ants. In quantity these are relatively unimportant in comparison with grasshoppers. Among the few beneficial insects eaten must be mentioned lady beetles which were taken to a limited extent by 11 per cent of the lizards. The occurrence within a stomach of vegetable matter or grains of sand was only occasional, and undoubtedly was taken in accidentally with food. These brief observations remind one of the fact that in the scheme of nature this hzard occupies a place of no little importance. 12— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 34, 1921. (63) 64 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 6 1 > .2 •■-4 a > •i-H > ;• S o •puBg 1—1 T-H in 0 "1—1 CO bC l-H • »-< T-H < pagi^uapiuj^ X X >< X O o < a o o m o ■sjapidg r-H i-H o3 > 'S 1—1 •T3J8C^d0U9UIiCjJ i +2 1 a i «3 : Q) i ^ : =3 CO i -If aT aj I fl ID 0) ■ 1— ( .— 1 1— 1 •■BI9!}doa|OQ ^3 11 '3 T— 1 ■ to : ^3 ; O t^ 00 O O --I t-0 ♦■'^ DO <-o .rX 30 .^ )0 *-o ^^ 3^ )^ )0 ^^ ^^- ■'t )^ )0 Pack — Food Habits of Sceloporus Graciosus Graciosus. 65 i— ( '3 3 "—9 _c '-3 o o3 3 S ■ 3 bD 1-H 1 grain 2 grains X X X X r-H 2 larvae (unid.) 1 (unid.) 1— ( a a 4 (unid.) 32 aphids 6 (unid.) 2 (unid.) '2 'S > •fd ,'s ■ 3 ■ ca 1 (unid.) 8 aphids 1 bee, 1 ant 2 ants 1 ant 40 ants 1 ant 2 ants 5 ants 1 bee, 6 ants 3 bees, 8 ants 3 ants 03 03 3 3 03 c3 CO CO 3 I— 1 ; Qj -d 'S 3 >> "^ .^ 3^ DC It- o ^^ DO KO ^ ^ DO .^ D^ )^ D-t DO ^^ 66 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. so o Contained 5 eggs, avg. size 13 x 7.5 mm. June 15. Contained 3 eggs, slightly smaller than above. June 15. 2 of the 3 M . f . r. were nymphs 0! ,g CD c • (—• bfc C _o X a ■4-1 o T3 o3 W a i S : CO i c3 : ^ i § i CO ; (u ; -c ; -f^ ; «*- o ; ■puBg ■=3 bC CO CO C bC bC •J8:^^T3UI XX X •J9%'\'siu luuiiuy poyi^u8piuf\ X •sjapidg ,— 1 .— 1 •s^oasux SnO8U'B[I80SIX\[ 1 aphid 1 (unid.) 1 (unid.) 2 Hemiptera 1 Diptera 1 leaf hopper 1 unid. larva 1 Hemiptera 1 Hemiptera 2 leaf hoppers 1— f uja^douauijtjx 5 ants 15 ants 33 ants 1 bee, 17 ants 03 T— ( c 03 I— 1 oT 1 ant 5 ants 1 bee, 3 ants "Bja^jdogfOQ 1 unid. larva 1 lady beetle > c 3 1—1 Kunid.) 1 lady beetle 2 lady beetles 1 ground beetle •Bia^jdoq^JO 1 Melanoplus femur-rubrum 2 1 2 1— 1 -H CC >— (.— l»-lC<)CO'— 1 1— l-H-H ,-HCO'— 1 ■ON ic loioioioic lo lo cocD':ocococo co«ocD cot— t^ •X8S o ^ '^ 3^ )'^ )^ )0 h O K 0( ^ ^ ,o hC« .r^ >"c )Ot d o ^ ^ o o Vol. 34, pp. 67-76 March 31, 1921 * PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON DESCRIPTIONS OF SIXTEEN NEW MURINE RODENTS FROM CELEBES. BY GERRIT S. MILLER JR. AND N. HOLLISTER. [Published here by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.] Among the mammals which the generosity of Dr. W. L. Abbott enabled Mr. H. C. Raven to collect in Celebes for the United States National Museum we have found the following sixteen forms which appear to have been not previously described. Echiothrix centrosa, sp. nov. Type from Winatoe (between Koelawi and Gimpoe), Middle Celebes. No. 218,706, U. S. National Museum; skin and skull of adult d^ (teeth moderately worn); collected January 9, 1917, by H. C. Raven; original number 3077. Diagnosis. — Like Echiothrix leucura Gray, of North Celebes; but more grayish, less buffy, in color; with more cream-buff, less yellowish, under- parts and inner surfaces of limbs. Ears smaller; teeth smaller, the length of entire upper tooth row about equal to that of first and second molars of leucura. Measurements. — Type: Head and body, 215 mm.; tail, 265; hind foot, 53; ear from notch, dry, 29.4. Skull of type: Condylobasal length, 52.0; zygomatic breadth, 23.6; palatal length, 29.5; breadth of braincase, 19.6; interorbital breadth, 7.7; orbit to end of nasals, 25.2; mandible, 30.8; upper tooth row, 6.4; lower tooth row, 6.7. Specimens examined. — Five, all from the interior of Middle Celebes; Besoa, 1; Gimpoe, 2; Toware, Bada, 1 ; Winatoe, 1, the type. Remarks. — This form is like Echiothrix leucura of North Celebes in size and proportions of the skin and skull; except that it has smaller ears and smaller teeth. In color it is conspicuously different from a series of leucura from Temboan, North Celebes; the yellowish-buff tints of leucura are replaced by vinaceous-gray, especially noticeable on the flanks; and the belly is a whitish cream-buff rather than deep yellowish-bu£f. Echiothrix brevicula, sp. nov. Type from Pinedapa (about 5 miles inland from the Gulf of Tomini, near Mapane), Middle Celebes. No. 219,744, U. S. National Museum; skin and skull of adult cf (teeth much worn); collected January 29, 1918, by H. C. Raven; original number 3467. 13— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 34, 1921. (67) 68 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Diagnosis. — Differs from Echiothrix leucura and E. centrosa in smaller size; smaller hind feet; much more vinaceous, less buffy or yellowish, color- ation; darker underparts, buff or reddish-buff rather than yellowish or whitish; and smaller, less narrowed skull. Ears and teeth small, as in centrosa. Measurements. — Type: Head and body, 198 mm.; tail, 240; hind foot, 48; ear from notch, dry, 28.1. Skull of type: Condylobasal length, 48.7; zygomatic breadth, 23.7; palatal length, 27.8; breadth of braincase, 19.0; interorbital breadth, 6.9; orbit to end of nasals, 23.1 ; mandible, 28.2; upper tooth row, 6.5; lower tooth row, 6.5. Specimens examined. — Thirteen from the type locality. Remarks. — This species is easily separated from E. leucura and E. cen- trosa by its small size, peculiar coloration, and the less narrowed skull. It has small ears and small teeth as in E. centrosa. Rattus musschenbroekii tetricus, subsp. nov. Type from Gimpoe (southwest from Lake Lindoe), Middle Celebes. No. 219,613, U. S. National Museum; skin and skull of adult cf (teeth moderately worn); collected August 27, 1917, by H. C. Raven; original number 3184. Diagnosis. — Like Rattus musschenbroekii musschenbroekii Jentink from North Celebes (Menado) ; but larger, with longer tail and hind foot; general color of upperparts much more reddish, less buffy; skull larger, with more robust teeth. Measurements. — Type: Head and body, 160 mm.; tail, 145; hind foot, 34. Skull of type: Condylobasal length, 35.0; zygomatic breadth, 16.7; breadth of braincase, 15.1; interorbital breadth, 5.9; mandible, 20.8; maxillary tooth row, 6.1; mandibular tooth row, 6.1. Specimens examined. — Ten, all from Middle Celebes; Gimpoe, 1; Pine- dapa, 7; Rano Lindoe, 1, Rano Rano, 1. Remarks. — Two well marked forms of Rattus musschenbroekii are included in the collection. The typical form is represented by more than 70 speci- mens from localities in North Celebes. Compared with these, the small series of skins and skulls from Middle Celebes is conspicuously different, the specimens averaging larger and much more reddish, with larger, especially longer, skulls and with larger teeth. Rattus raveni, sp. nov. Type from Toll Toh, North Celebes. No. 199,976, U. S. National Museum; skin and skull of adult c? (teeth moderately worn); collected December 16, 1914, by H. C. Raven; original number 1963. Diagnosis. — A large, light colored member of the Rattus concolor group. Upperparts grizzled ochraceous tawny; the longer, soft hairs tipped with buckthorn brown; the spiny hairs grayish buff, with blackish tips; hind foot creamy buff, sometimes with a faint line of dark extending down from ankle. Differs further from specimens of the concolor group from Sempang Miller and Hollister — New Murine Rodents. 69 River, Borneo (referred to R. ephippium^), in having a longer tail and wider skull; the brain case, especially, less narrowed. Measurements. — Type: Head and body, 123 mm.; tail, 150; hind foot, 27. Average measurements of ten adult males from type locality: Head and body, 121.7; tail, 146.7; hind foot, 26. Skull of type: Condylobasal length, 29.0; zygomatic breadth, 14.4; palatal length, 16.5; breadth of braincase, 13.2; interorbital breadth, 4.9; mandible, 16.8; maxillary tooth row, 5.6; mandibular tooth row, 5.5. Specimens examined. — Eighty-nine, including 79 from the type locality, and ten from the following localities in Middle Celebes: Besoa, 2; Gimpoe, 4; Pinedapa, 1; Toware, Bada, 2; Watoetaoe, Napoe, 1. Remarks. — This is the species usually listed as ephippium in the literature of the mammals of Celebes. It clearly needs separation from both Rattus ephippium and R. concolor. Specimens from Middle Celebes seem inseparable from those from Toll Toli; but a well marked local form of the species, described below, occurs in northeastern Celebes. Rattus raveni eurous, subsp. nov. Type from Molengkapoti, Kwandang, North Celebes. No. 199,927, U. S. National Museum; skin and skull of adult c? (teeth moderately worn); collected October 15, 1914, by H. C. Raven; original number 1724. Diagnosis. — Differs from Rattus raveni raveni in smaller size and darker coloration. Upperparts grizzled Sudan brown; the color decidedly reddish brown rather than ochraceous, buffy, or tawny as in true raveni. Tail and hind foot shorter. Measurements. — Type: Head and body, 110 mm.; tail, 135; hind foot, 24. Average measurements of ten adult males from type locality: Head and body, 114.8; tail, 131.0; hind foot, 24.2. Skull of type: Condylobasal length, 28.3; zygomatic breadth. 13.9; palatal length, 15.2; breadth of braincase, 13.2; interorbital breadth, 4.6; mandible, 16.7; maxillary tooth row, 5.3; mandibular tooth row, 4.9. Specimens examined. — Thirty-five, all from North Celebes: Koeala Prang, 1; Molengkapoti, 26; Pulo Paleleh, 1; Temboan, 5; Teteamoet, 2. Remarks. — All specimens of Rattus raveni from localities between the Paleleh River and the eastern extremity of the northern peninsula are referable to the subspecies eurous. They are decidely smaller and more reddish in color than specimens from the western end of the northern peninsula, at Toli Toli, and from Middle Celebes. This form approaches in appearance Rattus buruensis (Allen) from Bouru Island, but is somewhat lighter colored, more reddish, than that species, and has a decidedly weaker skull, with smaller teeth. Rattus palelae, sp. nov. Type from Pulo Paleleh, north coast of Celebes. No. 200,063, U. S. National Museum; skin and skull of adult 9 (teeth moderately worn) ; collected August 2, 1914, by H. C. Raven; original number 1619. iLyon. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 40; p. 98, 1911. 70 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Diagnosis. — A member of the Rattus rattus group differing from Rattus hoffmanni (Matschie), the common member of the group throughout northern Celebes, in paler coloration; longer tail; less angular, more rounded antorbital plate; and much smaller teeth. Measurements. — Type: Head and body, 178 mm.; tail, 220; hind foot, 36. Skull of type: Condylobasal length, 40.6; zygomatic breadth, 19.2; palatal length, 23.3; mastoid breadth, 16.0; mandible, 23.7; maxillary tooth row, crowns, 6.2; mandibular tooth row, crowns, 6.1. (Average measure- ments of ten adults of hofftnanni: Tail, 195; maxillary tooth row, crowns 7.0.) Specimens examined. — Seven; two from Pulo Paleleh; four from Toli Toli, and one from Molengkapoti, on the mainland of northern Celebes. Remarks. — There is in the collection a very extensive series of specimens of Rattus hoffmanni from mainland localities on the northern peninsula of Celebes, from Menado west and south to Laboea Sore, just north of Parigi. The seven specimens of Rattus palelae are instantly separable from any specimen of hoffmanni by the much smaller, especially narrower, teeth. In addition to this diagnostic character, the specimens of palelae average distinctly lighter, less richly colored, and have longer tails. Rattus hoff- manni was not taken on Pulo Paleleh, but specimens with small teeth, and in no way distinguishable from the new species, were collected at two main- land localities on the northern coast where good series of hoffmanni were also obtained. Rattus hoffmanni linduensis, subsp. nov. Type from Tornado, Lake Lindoe, Middle Celebes. No. 218,700, U. S. National Museum; skin and skull of adult 9 (teeth moderately worn); collected March 28, 1917, by H. C. Raven; original number 3141. Diagnosis. — Like Rattus hoffmanni hoffmanni (Matschie) of northern Ce- lebes, but averaging smaller and darker; with longer, softer pelage; and smaller skull. Measureynents. — Type: Head and body, 170 mm.; tail, 170; hind foot, 37. Skull of type: Condylobasal length, 38.9; palatal length, 21.9; zygomatic breadth, 20.5; mastoid breadth, 16.7; interorbital breadth, 5.8; mandible, 25.2; maxillary tooth row, crowns, 7.4; mandibular tooth row, crowns, 7.5. Specimens examined. — Forty-nine, from the following localities in Middle Celebes: Bumbarocdjaba; Koelawi; Lehio; Pinedapa; Rano Rano; Tomado, Lake Lindoe. Remarks. — All of these specimens of Rattus hoffmanni from the highlands of Middle Celebes are readily separable from specimens of the typical form from North Celebes by the long, soft, richly colored pelage. The under- parts average darker also, more grayish buff; the skulls average distinctly smaller, but the teeth are large, as in the typical form. The specimens from Bumbarocdjaba are clearly referable to linduensis rather than to true hoffmanni which occurs near the coast, north of Toboli, at Laboea Sore. Rattus hoffmanni subditivus, subsp. nov. Type from Toware, Bada, Middle Celebes. No. 219,691, U. S. National Museum; skin and skull of adult 9 (teeth moderately worn); collected September 18, 1917, by H. C. Raven; original number 3270. Miller and Hollister — New Murine Rodents. 71 Diagnosis. — Larger and lighter colored than Rathis hoffmanni hoffmanni or R. h. linduensis; grayer, less rufous or rich dark brown; underparts lighter, with strong suffusion of pale yellowish rather than grayish drab. Skull larger than in linduensis, as large as in typical hoffmanni. Measurements. — Type: Head and body, 195 mm; tail, 165; hind foot, 45. Skull of type: Condylobasal length, 44.9; palatal length, 26.0; zygomatic breadth, 20.9; mastoid breadth, 17.5; interorbital breadth, 7.4; mandible, 26.3; maxillary tooth row, crowns, 7.0; mandibular tooth row, crowns, 6.8. Specimens examined. — Six, all from southern localities in Middle Celebes: Gimpoe, 3; Toware, Bada, 1; Watoetaoe, Napoe, 2. Remarks. — South of the region in Middle Celebes occupied by the small skulled, rich colored, and long furred R. h. linduensis, is this form of hoff- manni with shorter, harsher pelage; more like the t5T)ical form but with much lighter, more grayish brown, coloration. It is a large animal, with large hind feet. Rattus moUicomus, sp. nov. Type from Goenoeng Kalabat; altitude 6,500 feet, northeastern Celebes. No. 217,752, U. S. National Museum; skin and skull of adult cf (teeth considerably worn); collected April 10, 1916, by H. C. Raven; Original number 2433. Diagnosis. — A member of the Rattus rattus group related to R. hoffmanni, but with much longer, softer pelage; skull shorter and broader, with spread- ing zygomata; the antorbital plates less extended forward. Measurements. — Type: Head and body, 187 mm.; tail, 195; hind foot, 40. Skull of type: Condylobasal length, 42.0; zygomatic breadth, 21.7; palatal length, 23.9; interorbital breadth, 6.0; mastoid breadth, 17.5; mandible, 26.7; maxillary tooth row, crowns, 8.0; mandibular tooth row, crowns, 7.8. Specimens examined. — Twelve, all from 5,600 to 6,500 feet altitude on Goenoeng Kalabat. Remarks. — This high mountain species is very different from Rattus hoffmanni of the surrounding lowlands. There is no reason to suspect intergradation with hoffmanni; and the long, soft pelage and short, broad skull make R. moUicomus an easily recognized form. Rattus adspersus, sp. nov. Type from Pinedapa, Middle Celebes. No. 219,602, U. S. National Museum; skin and skull of adult cf (teeth considerably worn); collected January 22, 1918, by H. C. Raven; original number 3427. Diagnosis. — Related to Rattus chrysocomus (Hoffmann) of North Celebes, but general coloration darker; the characteristic agouti-like flecking more brownish, less yellowish; sides and underparts especially less yellowish. Tail shorter, almost unicolbr, only very slightly lighter colored on under- side near base, and without light colored tip. Skull smaller. Measurements. — Type: Head and body, 163; tail, 147; hind foot, 38. Skull of type: Condylobasal length, 38.8; zygomatic breadth, 19.8; inter- 72 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. orbital breadth, 6.7; mastoid breadth, 16.8; mandible, 24.0; maxillary tooth row (alveoli), 7.7; mandibular tooth row (alveoli), 7.2. Specimens examined. — Twenty-three from the type locality and 2 from Toware, Bada. Remarks. — These specimens have been compared with about 150 skins and skulls of RaUH.s chrysocomiis (including for the present Mus fratroruin Thomas) from numerous localities in North Celebes. The specimens of chrysocomus vary considerably in size but average larger than examples of the new form from Middle Celebes, with much more distinctly yellowish flecking. The northern species always has the terminal portion and the whole underside of the tail whitish. The color of the upperparts in some specimens of adspersus approaches very closely to that of the type specimen of Rattus andrewsi (Allen) from Pulo Boeton, off the coast of southeastern Celebes, which proves to be a member of the chrysocomus group. Rattus nigellus, sp. nov. Type from Bumbaroedjaba (near Toboli), northern Middle Celebes. No. 218,140, U. S. National Museum; skin and skull of adult cf (teeth moderately worn); collected November 8, 1916, by H. C. Raven; original number 2936. Diagnosis. — A small, dark member of the chrysocomus group with long, soft pelage. Flanks as dark as back, median area of underparts cinnamon drab. Flecking of upperparts brown, not yellowish ; wrist and heel blackish ; toes whitish. Tail short, almost entirely blackish, with only a slight indication in a few specimens of light color on underside. Skull smaller than that of Rattus adspersus. Measurements. — Type: Head and body, 160; tail, 131; hind foot, 34. Skull of type: Condylobasal length, 35.8; zygomatic breadth, 17.5; inter- orbital breadth, 6.3; mastoid breadth, 15.5; mandible, 21.6; maxillary tooth row (alveoli), 6.5; mandibular tooth row (alveoli), 6.6. Specimens examined. — Twelve, all from northern Middle Celebes, on east side of neck of land connecting Middle Celebes with North Celebes: Bumbaroedjaba, 11; Laboea Sore, 1. Remarks. — This small species is related to R. adspersus rather than to R. chrysocomus of North Celebes. It is easily distinguished from adspersus by its lesser external measurements; longer, softer pelage; and small skull. Rattus penitus, sp. nov. Type from Goenoeng Lehio (southwest from Lake Lindoe), Middle Celebes; above 6,000 feet altitude. No. 218,686, U. S. National Museum; skin and skull of adult cf (teeth moderately worn); collected January 21, 1917, by H. C. Raven; original number 3109. Diagnosis. — A mountain member of the chrysocomus group with long, soft, cinnamon-flecked fur; sides dark like upperparts; belly grayish buff'; feet scantily haired with grayish or whitish, toes whiter. Entire underside and terminal third of tail above, whitish. Skull with extraordinarily enlarged rostrum, which is thickened throughout, and only very slightly Miller and Hollister — New Murine Rodents. 73 tapering toward end ; antorbital plate weak and sloping, without squarish angle. Measurements. — Type: Head and body, 172; tail, 190; hind foot, 41. Skull of type: Condylobasal length, 40.2; palatal length, 22.5; zygomatic breadth, 18.9; mastoid breadth, 15. S; interorbital breadth, 6.8; nasals, 18.1 X 5.8; width of rostrum in front of antorbital plate, 8.1; mandible, 24.0; maxillary tooth row (alveoli), 7.8; mandibular tooth row (alveoli), 8.0. Specimens examined. — Five from the type locality, all collected above 6,000 feet. Remarks. — This large-snouted member of the chrysocomus group is very different from all the related forms, with the exception of the species described next below, also a highland form, which it resembles in many features. Rattus sericatus, sp. nov. Type from Rano Rano (east of Lake Lindoe and north of Lake Poso), Middle Celebes; about 6,000 feet altitude. No. 219,627, U. S. National Museum ; skin and skull of adult male (teeth considerably worn) ; collected December 19, 1917, by H. C. Raven; original number 3340. Diagnosis. — Like Rattus penitus, but darker, and with still longer, softer pelage ; feet more fully clothed with whitish hairs, sharply contrasted with dark brown of ankle. Skull with rostrum enlarged, but less thickened at end, more tapering, than in penitus. Measurements. — Type: Head and body, 175; tail, 170; hind foot, 40. Skull of type; Condylobasal length, 41.4; palatal length, 23.7; zygomatic breadth, 19.5; mastoid breadth, 17.4; interorbital breadth, 6.9; nasals, 18.7 X 5.3; width of rostrum in front of antorbital plate, 8.5; mandible, 24.5; maxillary tooth row (alveoli), 8.1; mandibular tooth row (alveoli), 7.8. Specimens examined. — Five from the type locality. Remarks. — This species, while obviously related to Rattus penitus, is readily distinguished by its much longer, softer pelage and the less thick- ened rostrum. Both species are large, high mountain forms of the chry- socomus group, with white-tipped tails. Rattus rallus, sp. nov. Type from Gimpoe, Middle Celebes. No. 219,595, U. S. National Mu- seum; skin and skull of adult 9 (teeth considerably worn) ; collected Sep- tember 7, 1917, by H. C. Raven; original number, 3233. Diagnosis. — A member of the chrysocomus group resembling Rattus nigellus, but smaller, with shorter hind foot, and much smaller teeth. Tail dark above, light below. Skull with flatter, less arched braincase, longer rostrum, and smaller auditory bullae. Measurements. — Type: Head and body, 145; tail, 130; hind foot, 32. Skull of type: Condylobasal length, 35.8; zygomatic breadth, 18.3; mastoid breadth, 15.3; interorbital breadth, 6.3; mandible, 20.3; maxillary tooth row (alveoli), 6.3; mandibular tooth row (alveoli), 6.4. 74 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Specimens examined. — Eight, all from Middle Celebes: Gimpoe, 2; Goenoeng Lehio, 2; Lake Lindoe, 4. Remarks. — This species differs conspicuously from the other member of the chrysocomus group inhabiting the same district (Rattus penitus), and externally resembles very closely Rattus nigellus from northern Middle Celebes. From R. nigellus it is chiefly distinguished by the smaller foot, more sharply bicolored tail ; more slender skull with less inflated braincase ; and smaller teeth. Two specimens out of the eight examined have the tip of the tail for 12 mm. whitish. Rattus hellwaldii localis, subsp. nov. Type from Laboea Sore (north of Parigi), Celebes. No. 218,120, U. S. National Museum; skin and skull of adult cf (teeth moderately worn); collected December 1, 1916, by H. C. Raven; original number 2987. Diagnosis. — Like typical Rattus hellwaldii (Jentink) of Menado, North Celebes, but much lighter, less richly colored; pelage shorter and harsher, mixed on back with a few spinous hairs. Skull as in true hellwaldii but with larger auditory bullae. Measurements. — Type: Head and body, 174; tail, 186; hind foot, 43. Skull of type: Condylobasal length, 41.2; zygomatic breadth, 19.6; inter- orbital breadth, 7.2; mastoid breadth, 16.5; mandible, 23.5; maxillary tooth row (alveoli), 7.0; mandibular tooth row (alveoli), 7.4. Specimens examined. — Twelve from the type locality and one from Parigi. Remarks. — In a series of more than 60 specimens of typical Rattus hell- waldii from extreme northeastern Celebes, all of the skins are intensely colored. The specimens in the series from Laboea Sore differ conspicu- ously in their dull, paler coloration. No spiny hairs are apparent in any specimens of typical hellwaldii, but they are present in small proportion in all examples of the new race. A large series of specimens of this group from the interior of Middle Celebes seems inseparable from the typical form from Menado. In many individuals from this region the auditory bullae are abnormally swollen, a condition accompanied by the presence of a nema- tode parasite within the bullae. Such distortion is not present in skulls from other parts of Celebes, nor do we recall its occurrence in any other rats. Rattus hellwaldii cereus, subsp. nov. Type from Toli Toli, northwestern Celebes. No. 200,232, U. S. National Museum; skin and skull of adult cf (teeth moderately worn); collected November 30, 1914, by H. C. Raven; original nimiber 1846. Diagnosis. — Like Rattus hellwaldii hellwaldii, but larger, with longer hind foot; and less richly colored. Skull larger, with larger auditory bulhe. Measurements. — Type: Head and body, 200; tail, 181; hind foot, 46. Skull of type: Condylobasal length, 43.2; zygomatic breadth, 20.6; inter- Miller and HolUster — New Murine Rodents. 75 orbital breadth, 6.8; mastoid breadth, 17.0; mandible, 25.2; maxillary- tooth row (alveoli), 7.3; mandibular tooth row (alveoli), 7.2. Specimens examined. — Thirteen from the type locality. Remarks. — This large, well-marked subspecies of hellwaldii evidently intergrades with the typical form along the northern coast of Celebes. Specimens from Paleleh River and Molengkapota are intermediate between the two forms. The Toli Toli form is almost exactly intermediate in color- ation between true hellwaldii and localis, but it averages considerably larger than either of these forms, and has a larger skull. Vol. 34, pp. 77-80 March 31, 1921 PROCEEDINGS OF THK BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON GENERAL NOTES. THE NAMES FOR TWO GENERA OF AFRICAN ARTIODACTYLA. The generic name Koiropotamus Gray, 1843 (List Spec. Mamm. Brit. Mus., p. xxvii), is usually cited as anomen nudum, but proves on examination to be a valid name. Although printed in one place in the body of the text as " Choir opotamiis," it appears in the "Systematic List" in the front of the book and in the index as Koiropotamus only, and was evidently taken direct from the specific name koiropotamus of Desmoulins. As C koiropotamus, in the body of the text (p. 185), it has been accepted as a valid name, but has been considered as preoccupied by Chaeropotamus,' ' Cuvier, 1821, " which name in reality first dates as a technical name for a fossil pig, not from Cuvier, but from Desmarest, 1822 (Mammalogie, vol. 2, suppl., p. 544). In 1854, when he proposed the substitute name Potamochcerus, Gray cited in synonymy from his 1843 work the name Koiropotamus only, and took Choiropotamus Gray from the Annals and Magazine of Natural History for October, 1852. It seems clear that Choiropotamus Gray, 1843, is a lapsus for Koiropotamus in the same work; that no error of transcription, lapsus calami, nor typo- graphical error is evident in the case of Koiropotamus, since it was taken direct from the specific name koiropotamus of Desmoulins; and that the generic name Koiropotamus Gray is not invalidated by the earlier Chaero- potamus of Desmarest. The bush pigs would rightly be known, then, by the generic name Koiropotam,us Gray (type Sus africanus Schreber, not Gmelin, =»Sus koiropotamus Desmoulins). Another genus of African ungulates that through error lost the name first proposed for it is that currently known as Bubalis. It was first named Alcelaphus by BlainvUle in 1816 (Bull. Soc. Philom., p. 75), type A. busela- phus. Later names, all with the same type species, are Bubalis Goldfuss, 1820 (Handb. Zool., vol. 2, p. 367); Damalis Hamilton Smith, 1827 (Griff- ith's Cuvier, vol. 4, p. 343); Acronotus Hamilton Smith, 1827 (1. c, p. 346); and Bubalus Ogilby, 1837 (Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1836, p. 139; not of Smith, 1827). The name recently used for the genus, "Bubalis Lichten- stein, 1814," is not a valid generic name (see Lyon, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash- ington, vol. 27, p. 228, 1914). With the suppression of Bubalis Lichten- stein, it follows that the generic name for the hartebeests, instead of becom- ing Bubalis Goldfuss, should revert to the time honored Alcelaphus of Blainville, so long in use before it was erroneously supplanted by Bubalis. — N. Hollister. 14— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 34, 1921. (77) 78 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. LOPHOTRICCUS VERSUS COMETORNIS. In the Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Vol. LXIV, No. 4, 1921, p. 372, we stated that the earliest designation of the type of Lophotriccus was that of Lophotriccus spicifer (Lafresnaye), by Sclater in 1888, and accordingly we substituted Lophotriccus for Colopteryx, creating the genus Cometornis for Todirostrum sqitamaecrista Lafresnaye. Dr. Charles W. Richmond has just called our attention to a much earlier type fixation by Sharpe (Zoological Record, Vol. XX, 1884, Aves, p. 34) who designated Lophotriccus squamicristatus (Lafr.) \ = Lophotriccus squamae- crista (Lafr.)]. Unfortunately we had overlooked this type designation which, no doubt, is the earliest. Our Cometornis is thus a pure synonym of Lophotriccus, and Cometornis vitiosus Bangs and Penard becomes Lophotriccus vitiosus (Bangs and Pen- ard). Also, the bird formerly known as Colopteryx galeatus (Boddaert), for which we had substituted Lophotriccus galeatus, should continue to be known as Colopteryx galeatus (Bodd.). — Outram Bangs and Thomas E. Penard. A NEW NAME FOR PACHYRAMPHUS POLYCHOPTERUS COSTA- RICENSIS CHUBB. In our review of the forms of Pachyramphus polychopterus (Bull. M. C. Z., 1921, 64, p. 391) we used the name Pachyramphus polychopterus costa- ricensis Chubb for the form inhabiting Panama and western Costa Rica. This name however, is preoccupied by Pachyratnphus versicolor costaricen- sis Bangs (Proc. N. E. Z. Club, 1908, 4, p. 26). It was our intention to make this correction before the publication of our paper, but we neglected to do so. We therefore now propose Pachyramphus polychopterus tantulus, nom. nov., for the form of Panama and western Costa Rica to replace Pachyramphus polychopterus costaricensis Chubb preoccupied. — Outram Bangs and Thomas E. Penard. TEXTOR TEMMINCK VERSUS ALECTO LESSON. The generic name Textor Temminck is usually cited from this author's "Nouveau Recueil Planches Colorizes," III, livraison 75, January 5, 1828, wrapper, andtexte p. [1] to pi. 446, and its type commonly considered by monotypy to be Textor alecto Temminck, sp. nov., which equals Cocco- thraustes albirostris Vieillot. Temminck had, however, previously used (Nouv. Rec. Planch. Col., II, livr. 54, February 12, 1825, p. [2] to texte of genus Oriolus Lmn. [in text]) this generic name for Oriolus textor Gmelin {=Oriolus cucullatus MuWer = Hyphantornis cucullatus Auct.) in the following manner: "Oriolus textor, lb. sp. 22 [Latham, Index Ornith., I, 1790, p. 180], est du genre Tisserin (Textor)." As Oriolus cucullatus Miiller is the only species mentioned in this connection, it is thereby made the type by monotypy of the generic designation Textor, which must there- fore be transferred to the group now called Hyphantornis. General Notes. 79 The earliest usable name for the genus heretofore known as Textor is Aledo Lesson (Traits d'Ornith., about March 1, 1831, p. 433), type by monotypy, Textor aledo Temrainck = Coccothraustes albirostris Vieillot. The forms now referable to this group appear to be as follows : Aledo albirostris albirostris (Vieillot). Aledo albirostris nyansae (Neumann). Aledo albirostris intermedins (Reichenow). Aledo albirostris senegalensis (Shelley). Aledo niger (Smith). The change of generic name from Textor to Aledo, as above indicated, necessitates the change of the family name Textoridae to Alectuidae. — Harry C. Oberholser. HYPHANTORNIS GRAY BECOMES TEXTOR TEMMINCK. As we have already shown (Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XXXIV, 1921, p. 78), the original use of the generic name Textor Temminck (Nouv. Rec. Planch. Col., II, livr. 54, Feb. 12, 1825, p. [2] to texte of genus Oriolus Linn, [in text]) makes Oriolus cucullatus Miiller its type by monotypy, and it is, therefore, applicable, as the earliest generic name, to the group heretofore known as Hyphantornis Gray. If this group be recognized as generically distinct from the genus Ploceus, the species composing it should bear the name Textor; if considered but subgenerically distinct the name will never- theless supplant Hyphantornis as the subgeneric designation. The forms apparently now referable to this group are as follows: Textor nigriceps (Layard). Textor collaris (Vieillot). Textor cucullatus cucullatus (Miiller). Textor cucullatus bohndorffi (Reichenow). Textor cucullatus femininus (Grant). Textor cucullatus abyssinicus (Gmelin). Textor spilonotus (Vigors). Textor spekii (Heuglin). — Harry C. Oberholser. Vol. 34, pp. 81-84 June 30, 1921 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON THE JULIDAE AND ISOBATIDAE IN NORTH AMERICA. BY RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN. In contrast with the great abundance and variety of members of the diplopod famihes Juhdae and Isobatidae in Europe, comparatively few forms of these famihes, as now restricted, have been recorded from North America, where they are ahnost wholly replaced by the Parajulidae. Having recently noted several European juloid species both in material taken at quarantine on plants arriving from Europe and in collections of estabhshed forms, I was led to suspect that we might not have any truly endemic species of Julidae or Isobatidae and to review the available American material in comparison with the corres- ponding portion of the European fauna. As a result I find all our species of these families thus far known to be in reality common European forms which are still often brought across the water with imported plants and other cargoes. Probably all were thus artificially introduced, most of them at early dates. They occur only in well-settled parts of the country and are as yet rare in the Middle and Far Western States. The six valid species which I find to be established in this country together with their synonymy and known distribution here are indicated below. JULIDAE. Genus Diploiulus Berlese. This is the Cyhndroiulus of Verhoeff . Irrespective of varying definitions, Diploiulus must be applied to whatever generic group is made to include its type species, Julus boleti C. Koch (=J. rufifrons C. Koch). As this species is uniformly regarded as conforming to Cyhndroiulus, this name .must give way to Diploiulus. 15— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 34, 1921. ' (81) 82 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Diploiulus londinensis (Leach). 1814. Julus londinensis Leach, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, XI, p. 378. 1864. Julus caeruleo-cinctus Wood, Proc. Acad. Sci. Phil., p. 14. Julus hortensis Woodj ibid. This is oxir most commonly observed member of the family. It is abun- dant throughout New England and adjoining parts of Canada and over New York State. It occurs westward as far as Indiana and Illinois and southward through Pennsylvania and New Jersey to the District of Columbia, though in these directions becoming less frequent. Particularly during periods of drought, it appears sometimes to attack gourds, potatoes, lettuce and other vegetables and plants, accusations of such action having come not infrequently from different parts of New York State. In England it is said at times to attack the roots of lucerne ; and in Germany occasionally to damage the potato crop. Diploiulus luscus (Meinert). 1868. Julus luscus Meinert, Naturh. Tidsskr., 3 R., V, p. 9. 1887. Julus owenii Bollman, Entom. Amer., II, p. 228. 1891. Julus frisius Verhoeff, Berl. Ent. Zeits., XXXVI, Hft. 1, p. 133, pi. 6, figs. 17-21. 1914. Julus hesperus Chamberlin, Canad. Ent., p. 314. This is a small form ranging mostly from 10 mm. to 15 mm. in length. It is found throughout the range indicated for D. londinensis above and occurs as well in the Far West, the writer having taken it at Salt Lake City in Utah and at Santa Barbara and Los Angeles in California. He has also seen specimens from other localities in the latter State sent him for identifi- cation. There seems little doubt that this is the true luscus of Meinert; but if luscus is held to be indeterminable with certainty, then owenii must take precedence over frisius. Comparison of American specimens with some from Holland shows complete agreement in the gonopods of the male. Genus Brachyiulus Berlese. Byachyiulus pusillus (Leach). 1814. Jidus pusillus Leach, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, XI, p. 379. 1841. Julus exiguus Brandt, Recueil, p. 85. 1864. Julus virgatus Wood, Proc. Acad. Sci. Phil., p. 14. 1875. Julus stuxbergii. Fanzago, Atti d. Soc. Veneto-Trent., IV, p. 150. This well-known species is widely distributed in this country, where it has hitherto been listed under Wood's name. It is common in New England and southward to North Carolina; and I have recently received specimens taken at Jackson, Miss. Westward it has been found in Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, and in California (e. g. at Stanford). This species is sometimes placed by European workers in a subgenus Microbrachyiulus; but as it is the type of Brachyiulus any genus or subgenus in which it is included must bear this name. Chamberlin — The Julidae and Isobatidae in North America. 83 Genus Ophiulus Berlese. Ophiulus longabo (C. Koch). 1847. Julus longabo C. Koch, Syst. d. Myr., p. 113. 1863. Julus serpentinus C. Koch, Die Myriap., II, p. 106, fig. 228. Julus ferreu^ C. Koch, ibid., p. 107, fig. 229. 1864. Julus canalicidatus Wood, Proc. Acad. Sci. Phil., p. 12. Julus laqueatus Wood, ibid., p. 13. 1868. Julusfallax Meinert, Naturh. Tidsskr., 3R., V, p. 15. In recent years the name fallax of Meinert has been most used for this species. As there seems no longer reasonable doubt as to the identity of this species with Koch's longabo, the latter name is here adopted. As indicated above, Wood's names canaliculatus and laqueatus also have precedence over fallax. In this country the species is best established in Pennsylvania, particularly about Philadelphia, where I have found it in abundance. It was also apparently common there in Wood's day. It is frequent in New Jersey and in Delaware and the District of Columbia. I have never taken it in New England, although it probably will be found there since it occurs in Canada, being not infrequent about Quebec. ISOBATIDAE. The use of Protoiulidae for this family is inadmissible both because it is antedated by the names Isobatidae and Blaniulidae and also because it is not based upon an included genus. Genus Blaniulus Gervais. Blaniulus guttulatus (Bosc). 1792. Julus guttulatus Bosc. Bull. d. 1. Soc. philom. de Paris, p. 12. 1818. Julus fragariarum Lamarck, Hist. nat. d. anim. s. vert., V. 1837. Blaniulus guttulatus Gervais, Ann. d. Sci. Nat., ser. 2, VII, p. 45. The use of Typhloblaniulus or Trichoblaniulus as generic or subgeneric names over this species is inadmissible since it is the type of Blaniulus. I have seen numerous specimens of this species collected about Quebec City, Canada, by Mr. Frits Johansen, and a few taken in Massachusetts, one of them many years ago by Dr. Hagen. It has doubtless been often over- looked because of its small size and obscure habits. In Europe it is said sometimes to be a pest in potato crops and also to injure beans, beets, cucumbers and gourds. Genus Nopoiulus Menge. Nopoiulus pulchellus (Leach). 1814. Julus pulchellus Leach, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, XI, p. 379. 1841. Julus minutus'^ Brandt, Recueil, p. 89. 1821. Julus pusillus Say (nom. preocc. Leach, 1814) Journ. Acad. Sci. Phil, p. 105. iThis name preoccupies the Julus minulus of Porat (1889). The latter may be re- placed by Julus cibdeilus, nom. nov. 84 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 1851. Nopoiulus pundulatus Menge, Neueste Schr. d. naturf. Ges. Danzig, IV, p. 4 Hft., p. 7. 1868. Blaniulus venustus Meinert, Naturh. Tidsskr., 3 R., V, p. 20. 1887. Julus lineatus McNeill, Proc. U. S. N. M., X, p. 324. 1888. Nemasoma minulum BoUman, Proc. U. S. N. M., XI, p. 339; and in subsequent writings. In Europe this species has been most commonly known under Meinert's name, Blaniulus venustus. It is widespread in the United States, particu- larly in the region east of the Mississippi River. It is a common form nearly everywhere in New England, New York, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Tennessee, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, etc.; but I have never seen it from any of the Pacific States. It is often found under the bark of decaying trees. Vol. 34, pp. 85-88 June 30, 1921 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ^ /c- DIPTERA AND FUNGI. BY HARRY B. WEISS. ^ The object of this paper is to call attention to certain Dipter- ous families which are more or less closely associated with fungi, particularly the fleshy fungi belonging to the families Agarica- ceae and Pohjporaceae. A survey of the general literature dealing with the food habits of dipterous larvae indicates that there are several families whose members in part inhabit fungi. These are shown in the following table in which other larval habits are indicated also. In the Mycetophilidae and Platype- zidae, the fungus habit appears to be most pronounced. In the other families, only a comparatively few species have been found associated with fungi. The families mentioned in the table apparently contain most of the species having the fungus habit although some species of other families may also live in fungi. Family General Larval Habits Tipulidae In fungi, in earth, decomposing wood, in water. Mycetophilidae In fungi, in decaying matter, vegetable mould, under dead bark, etc. Itonididae Habits diverse, in fungi, in or on plant tissue usually forming galls, in decaying wood, predaceous. Phoridae In fungi, habits diverse, in decaying plant matter, in ants' nests, on decaying insects, in nests of burrowing bees, etc. Platypezidae Larvae live between lamellae of Agaric fungi. Syrphidae In fungi, in stems of plants, in decaying wood, in animal remains, in ants' nests, feeding on aphids. Borboridae In fungi, in algae, diseased potatoes, dung. Helomyzidae In fungi, in decaying animal and vegetable substances, in bat and rabbit dung, etc. .Johannsen in his "Fungus Gnats of North America"' has considerable to say concerning the Mycetophilidae and their relation to fungi. According XMe. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bui. 172, 180, 196, 200. 16— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 34, 1921. (85) 86 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. to him, a large number of wild mushrooms are infested with the larvae of Mycetophilinae, particularly of the genera Exechia and Mycetophila. In several instances they were found with Phora larvae in numbers sufficient to ruin a cultivated mushroom bed. Most of the following information concerning Mycetophilidae has been compiled and tabulated from Johann- sen's monograph. In the case of subfamilies not mentioned, no definite information was given. Subfamily Ceroplatinae " Sciophilinae " Mycetophilinae " Sciarinae Larvae in rotten wood and in fungi. Larvae in rotten wood and in fungi. Larvae in rotten wood and in fungi. Members occasionally reported as injuring mushrooms. After partial decay of fungus growths, Sciara larvae found in numbers and this has led mushroom growers to attribute the destruction to these gnats, when damage was probably done by species of Mycetophila, Exechia or Phorids. In the Sciophilinae the genera Tetragoneura, Sciophila and Mycoma are mentioned as living in rotten wood and in fungi during their larval stages and Winnertz is recorded as rearing Mycoma from Daedalea quercina and Polyporus and Sciophilae from Hydnu?n repandum, Boletus scaber and Daedalea quercina. The last mentioned fungus is a Polypore which is rarely attacked by insects probably on account of its corky and conse- quently unpalatable context and it is quite likely that the above men- tioned rearings were made from sporophores which were in an advanced stage of decay. According to Osten Sacken, the larvae of Sciophila live on the surface of the fungus which they cover with a web and do not burrow inside. In the Mycetophilinae, the activities of the genera and species appear to be definitely known as follows. Genus Leia " Cordyla " Rhymosia " Exechia Mycothera Mycetophila Sceptonia Zygomyia Larvae in mushrooms. Larvae in decaying wood and in fungi. Larvae in fungi (Armillaria, etc.) R. inflala Joh. bred from Armillaria mellea. Larvae frequently in wild mushrooms, occasionally in cultivated ones. E. cincinnata Joh., reared from Boletus granulatus. E. saiiata Joh., from shelving mushroom. E. nativa Joh., from Collybia sp. E. absoluta Joh., from Boletus granulatus. E. capillata Joh., from Collybia dryophila. Larvae in decaying wood and in fungi. Larvae frequently in wild mushrooms, sometimes in cultivated ones. M. scalaris Loew, reared from Boletus and Polyporus. M. foecunda Joh., from Polyporus sp. M. lenta Joh., from mushrooms. Larvae in decaying wood and in fungi. Larvae in decaying wood and in fungi. Weiss — Diptera and Fungi. 87 In the subfamily Sciarinae, Sciara multiseta Felt has been reared from mushrooms and Sciara agraria Felt is recorded as being numerous at times in mushroom cellars. Definite information concerning the exact identity of the hosts of most of the Mycetophilidae is lacking although it is quite possible that almost any agaric or bolete will suit the tastes of many of these flies. In the Itonididae, Dr. E. P. Felt has called my attention to the fungus and related habits of several species as recorded in several of his reports.^ The more or less strictly fungous species were listed by Dr. Felt in his paper on "Hosts and Galls of American Gall Midges*" and these are presented as follows : Host Species Fungus on rotting plum Hyperdiplosis fungicola Felt. Unknown fungus Arthrocnodax macrofila Felt. Aecidiospores of Uromyces pisi Toxomyia rubida Felt. Teleutospores of Puccinia Toxomyia fungicola Felt. Young mushrooms Mycophila fungicola Felt. Reared from Oecidium impatientis Mycodiplosis impatientis Felt. Larvae on Oecidium importatum affect- ing Peltandra sp. Mycodiplosis sp. Under hard, black carbonaceous fungus on decayed oak stump Lasiopteryx flavotibialis Felt. Fungus affected heartwood of pine Monardia lignivora Felt. Large yellowish fungus on rotten bark Mycodiplosis fungiperda Felt.^ Of particular interest are the species of Toxomyia and Mycodiplosis which were reared from the spores of the rusts and smut. Many other species of Itonididae are mentioned by Dr. Felt as having been bred from decaying bark and wood and it is extremely probable that these may be more or less closely associated with the fungous hyphae which usually penetrate such objects. In connection with Diptera and fungi, it is of interest to note the peculiar fungoid growth or development of the tissues which accompanies the activities of Asteromyia larvae in the leaves of Solidago. Writing about Asteromyia carbonifera Felt, the oval, blister-like gall of which is common upon the leaves of the narrow leaved Solidago graminifolia, Felt* states that "the characteristic blister galls produced by this and allied forms are usually filled, or nearly so, with a black carbonaceous matter, suggest- ing that the tissues may have become badly infected by fungus. This material is almost invariably present in many galls. Professor Peck states that after repeated examinations, he has failed to observe any evidence of the characteristic fruiting bodies of fungus, and consequently we must assume this malformation to be independent of fungus infection and produced by the activities of the larva. Doctor Trelease, writing in 1884, IN. Y. St. Mus. Bui. 165, 175. 180, 198, 202. 2Jour. Econ. Ent. vol. 4, No. 5, p. 461. 3N. Y. St. Mus. Bui. 202, p. 196. ♦N. Y. St. Mus. Bui. 198, p. 209. 88 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. states that some of these bhster galls occur in the herbaria of mycologists, under the name of Rhrjtisma solidaginis and R. asteris." From the foregoing it appears that most but not all of the Diptera associated with fungi confine their feeding activities to members of the fungus families Agaricaceae and Boletaceae, the sporophores of which are fleshy and also to such members of the Polyporaceae which are fleshy. Several exceptions are those such as a Winnertzia sp., which was bred from a tough and leathery specimen of Lenzites saepiaria and Monardia lignivora Felt, 1 the larvae of whch were bred from the fungus-affected heartwood of Pinus rigida, where they were apparently attacking spongy as well as hard wood. It further appears that as far as known, most of the more or less strictly fungus inhabiting Diptera are confined to the families Mycetophili- dae and Platypezidae, the members of the former being by far the most numerous. By reason of their food habits, members of these families are generally found in damp surroundings and are usually classed as scavengers although many are not true scavengers as they do not feed upon decaying vegetable matter. Most of them must of necessity have brief larval periods, because many of the agarics do not last more than ten days or two weeks. For many of the species definite information is lacking and little is known concerning their true relations with and dependence upon the lower forms of plant life. lUniv. State of N. Y. Bvd. 547. p. 191. ' Vol. 34, pp. 89-92 June 30, 1921 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON DESCRIPTIONS OF SIX NEW SUBSPECIES OF AMERI- CAN BIRDS. BY OUTRAM BANGS AND THOMAS E. PENARD. Culmen Wing Tail Tarsus from cere 349.0 242.0 97.0 22.0 334.0 233.0 91.0 broken In the course of our work we have discovered the following new subspecies of American birds : Geranospiza caerulescens livens, subsp. nov. Type. — M. C. Z., 224,793, adult 9 , parent of eggs; Northwestern Mexico: Alamos, State of Sonora, 9 February, 1888; M. Abbott Frazar. Subspecific characters. — Similar to Geranospiza caerulescens niger (Du Bus), and of about the same size, but much paler, not blackish, between neutral gray and deep neutral gray of Ridgway; larger than Geranospiza caerulescens caerulescens (Vieillot), and darker, being intermediate in coloration between G. c. caerulescens and G. c. niger. Measurements (in millimeters). — Sex M. C. Z. 224,793 (type) 9 " 224,792 _ cf Specimens examined. — G. c. livens, two: — N. W. Mexico: Sonora, Ic?, 19- G. c. niger, seven : — Mexico : Tampico, 1 9 ; Vera Cruz, 1 c? . Costa Rica : Tenorio, 1 9 ; Boruca, 1 cf ; Bolson, 2 99. Panama : Dival, 1 d*. G. c. caerulescens, three: — "Brazil," 1 9- Surinam, 1 c?, 1 9- So far as we are aware, no bird of this genus has ever before been recorded from any locality so far northwest as Sonora. Both specimens, probably a pair, were collected at Alamos by Frazar on the same day. Otus choliba luctisonus, subsp. nov. Type. — M. C. Z., 116,530, adult c?; Costa Rica: Escazu, 26 November, 1900. Subspecific characters. — Similar to Otus choliba crudgerus (Spix) of the Amazon River Region, and of about the same size, but upper parts paler, 17— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 34, 1921. (89) 90 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. the dark central markings, above and below, much narrower, especially on the breast. Measurements. — Type, adult cp: wing, 167.5; tail, 90.5; tarsus, 30.5; culmen from cere, 14.2. Specimens examined. — O. c. luctisonus, ten: — Costa Rica, 2; Panama: Divala, 1; Pearl Islands, 7. 0. c. crucigerus, nine: — Surinam, 8; Cayenne (tradeskin), 1. We have not seen specimens from the type locality of crucigerus, but assume that the Surinam bird is sufficiently close for comparison. The difference in coloration between the two forms is very decided. All the specimens we have examined are in the brown phase. Mecocerculus leucophrys roraimae, subsp. nov. Type.—M. C. Z., 83,090 (coll. T. E. P., 2009), adult 9 ; British Guiana: Mount Roraima, 24 August, 1883; Henry Whitely. Subspecific characters. — Similar to Mecocerculus leucophrys nigriceps Chapman, and of about the same size, but upper parts much darker, more olive-brownish, less olive-greenish ; similar also to Mecocerculus leucophrys setophagoides (Bonaparte), but much smaller, and upper parts slightly darker. Measurements. — Type, adult 9 : wing, 59.0; tail, 58.5; tarsus, 19.0; exposed culmen, 9.0. Specimens examined. — M. I. roraimae, one: — the type. M. I. nigriceps Chapm., thirty: — Venezuela: Las Palmales, 1 cf (the type); Paramo de Rosas, 4; State of Lara, 6; Merida, 3. Colombia: Santa Marta region, 16 (including the type of Myiopatis montensis Bangs). M. I. setophagoides (Bonap.), thirteen: — Colombia: Las Ventanas (Santander), 10; Bogota, tradeskin, 1; unspecified, 2. M. I. leucophrys (Lafr. and d'Urb.), one: — Bolivia. ? M. I. notatus Todd, two: — Colombia: Huila, Valle de las Pappas, Central Andes, 1,000 ft., 1 cf , 1 9 • Hartert and Goodson (Nov. Zool., XXIV, 1917, p. 494) have called attention to two specimens from Roraima, which are as small as M. I. nigriceps, but dark above as M. I. setophagoides. They state that the Guiana specimens in the British Museum agree with those in Tring. Our own specimen showing these same characters, we have not hesitated to separate the Guiana form. We are indebted to Dr. Frank M. Chapman and Mr. W. E. Clyde Todd for the loan of a good series of skins. Nuttallornis borealis majorinus, subsp. nov. Type.—M. C. Z., 55,371, adult cf; Pine Flats, north fork of San Gabriel River, Los Angeles County, California, 19 July, 1905; C. H. Richardson, Jr. Subspecific characters. — Similar to Nuttallornis borealis borealis of eastern Bangs and Penard — Six New American Birds. 91 North America, but larger; under parts averaging darker, i. e., more dusky and less white. Measurements. — AT. b. majorinus. — Type, adult cf : wing, 115.0; tail, 76.0; tarsus, 15.0; exposed culmen, 18.5. Eighteen males: wing, 111.3 (107.0-116.5); tail, 72.8 (70.0-77.0); tarsus, 14.9 (14.5-15.0); exposed culmen, 18.6 (18.0-20.0). Twenty females: wing, 104.8 (100.5-109.0); tail, 68.9 (66.0-74.0); tarsus, 14.4 (13.5-15.0); exposed culmen, 17.4 (16.5-18.5). N. b. borealis.— Nineteen males: wing, 105.6 (103.0-109.0); tail, 67.5 (64.0-70.0); tarsus, 14.2 (13.5-15.0); exposed culmen, 17.0 (16.0- 18.0). Nine females: wing, 99.4 (96.0-102.5); tail, 64.3 (61.0-67.0); tarsus, 13.9 (13.5-14.5); exposed culmen, 16.6 (16.0-17.5). Specimens examined. — N. b. majorinus, forty-four; — Montana, 1; Oregon, 3; Colorado, 11; California, 16; Arizona, 11; Mexico: Chihuahua, 1 9 (migrant — wing 110, perhaps a male) ; Colombia : La Concepcion, 1 9 (migrant — wing, 111.0, probably a male). N. b. borealis, forty-five: — Maine, 14; New Hampshire, 4; Massachu- setts, 7; Michigan, 2; New York, 2; North Carolina, 1 cf (migrant); Texas: Lomita Ranch, 1 d' (migrant); Mexico: Tamaulipas, 8 Univ., 1846, p. 75), which is an emendation of Anthrocera Scopoli (Introd. Hist. Nat., 1777, p. 414), a genus of Lepidoptera. The next available name for the group is Hydrocissa Bonaparte (Consp. Gen. Avium., I, June 24, 1850, p. 90), type by subsequent designation (Gray Cat. Gen. and Subgen. Birds, 1855, p. 83), Buceros monoceros Shaw = Bwceros coronatus Boddaert. The species now assigned to this group are as follows: Hydrocissa coronatus (Boddaert). Hydrocissa convexus (Temminck). Hydrocissa malabaricus (Gmelin). Hydrocissa malayanus (Raffles). Hydrocissa montani (Oustalet). — Harry C. Oberholser. NOTE ON THE NAME HYPERMEGETHES REICHENOW. The name Hypermegethes was originally proposed by Dr. A. Reichenow (Journ. f. Ornith., LI, January, 1903, p. 149) as a subgeneric designation for Hyphantornis grandis Gray. Dr. Richmond, however, has subsequently shown (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., LIII, August 16, 1917, p. 596 that Hyphan- tornis Gray was originally published in 1844 instead of 1849 (Gray, Genera Birds, II, May, 1844, p. 351), and has fixed its type as Hyphantornis graridis General Notes. 137 Gray. This, of course, makes the generic name Hyphantornis applicable not to the group that currently passes under this name, but to the group which Dr. Reichenow called Hypermegethes; so if this be recognized as generically distinct from Ploceus and Textor (olim Hyphantornis), its only species will stand as Hyphantornis grandis Gray. — Harry C. Oberholser. NOTE ON THE GENERIC NAMES TEXTOR, ALECTO, AND HYPHANTORNIS. Messrs. Iredale and Bannerman have recently called attention (Bull. Brit. Ornith. Club, XLI, May 26, 1921, pp. 128-129) to the preoccupation of the generic name Alecto. Incidentally they cited from Lichtenstein a use of the generic name Textor prior to that of Temminck (Nouv. Rec. Planch. Col., II, livr. 54, February 12, 1825, p. [2] to texte of Genus Oriolus Linn, [in text]), and proposed to consider this Textor Lichtenstein (Verz. Doubl. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 1823, p. 24) ex Temminck a tentative synonym of Malimbus Vieillot. Unfortunately, however, Textor here is a nomen nudum. This prior publication of the generic name Textor, to which they refer, appeared in a note headed: '^Huic familiae adnumeranius species sequentes, in museo nostra obvias." The sixth (and last) paragraph of this note reads as follows: "F. textrix n. Textor Malimbus Temm. et Africae species complures. Vel ipsa F. Caffra, phalerata. Oryx, ignicolor, quoad rostri formam hue referendae." From this it is evident that "Textor Malimbus Temm." is not intended as a synonym or a substitute for "F. textrix n.," which precedes it, but merely as one of the species, of which F. textrix and "Africae species complures" are the others. This is still additionally evident from the second sentence of the paragraph of Lichten- stein's above quoted. Furthermore, the specific name malimbus apparently here for the first time appears in print, as we are unable to find that Tem- minck ever used it, and it is here, therefore, a nomen nudum. This being the case, the generic name Textor used here in combination with it is like- wise invalid from this introduction. In view of this, the generic name Textor Temminck, not being preoccupied by Textor Lichtenstein, becomes available for Hyphantornis Gray, as already explained (Oberholser, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXXIV, March 31, 1921, pp. 78-79); and the generic term Plesiositagra Iredale and Bannerman (Bull. Brit. Ornith. Club, XLI, May 26, 1921, p. 129) is a synonym. The correct name to be used for Textor auct. is, of course, Bubalornis Smith, and the proper name for the family Textoridae is Bubalornithidae, as pointed out by Messrs. Iredale and Bannerman; since my use of Alecto and Alectuidae was a mere oversight. The present writer's note on the use of Hyphantornis for Hypermegethes Reichenow, now published, which is confirmed by Messrs. Iredale and Bannerman (loc. cit. p. 129), was, it may be worth while to mention, in type beyond recall before the number of the Bulletin of the British Orni- thologists' Club containing their remarks was received in Washington. It was intended for publication with the writer's previous notes on Hyphan- tornis and Textor. — Harry C. Oberholser, Vol. 34, pp. 139-142 August 17, 1921 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ON A SMALL COLLECTION OF REPTILES FROM ARGENTINA. BY T. BARBOUR. For about a year during 1920 and 1921 Mr. James L. Peters conducted the Phillips Expedition to South America, the princi- pal object being to collect birds for the Museum of Comparative Zoology. At Huanuluan, however, in the Gobernacion del Rio Negro, Mr. Peters found time to make a small and very inter- esting collection of reptiles in a region which apparently has been rather less worked than the territories of Chubut to the south and Neuquen to the northwest. We owe much of our recent knowledge regarding the reptiles of this region to Kos- lowsky, whose papers appeared in the Revista of the LaPlata Museum. Paludicola bufonina (Bell). Peters found this frog abundant and preserved ten examples. Diplolaemus darwinii Bell. Peters collected six examples of this handsome lizard. In his report on the Reptiles and Batrachians of the Princeton Patagonian Expedition, Zoology, 3, 2, 1909, p. 221, Stejneger maintains the validity of D. darwinii as a species distinct from D. bibronii, which seems to be entirely justified. The combination of the genus Diplolaemus with Leiosaurus proposed by Koslowsky in 1898 (Rev. Mus. La Plata, 8, p. 1G7) appears much less plausible, although I have not material to do more than suggest that his observations require confirmation. Phymaturus spurcus, sp. nov. Type an adult male, M. C. Z. No. 14,791, from Huanuluan, Rio Negro, Argentina. Collected by James L. Peters. Somewhat intermediate between P. palluma (Molina) and P. patagonicus Koslowsky. Peters' series of five specimens all agree in having more spinose tails, smaller dorsal granules than patagonicus and a perfectly uni- 27— Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 34, 1921. (139) 140 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. form coloration, while they differ from palluma in having considerably less spinose tails and in not having the mid-dorsal granules very considerably enlarged and flattened as well as lacking the characteristic color pattern. Description. — -Head small, snout short; nostril latero-superior; ear open- ing large; head scales small, subequal; sub-conical on the temples; sides of neck and throat strongly plicate; body much depressed ; dorsal scales minute granular, with a few enlarged granules scattered over the dorsal and lateral surfaces; lateral scales minute, granular; mid-dorsals but very slightly en- larged (less so than in palluma) and very slightly flattened; ventrals much larger than dorsals, squarish, smooth, in regular transverse series; limb short, adpressed hind limb reaches to the axilla; digits short and thick; males with a series of 8 (9 or 10) preanal pores, tail once and one-fourth the length of head and body with whorls of spinose scales which are much smaller than those figured in Bell (Voy. Beagle, 3, 1842, Plate 14, fig. 2) for palluma (called flagellifer) and more spinose than in Koslowsky's figure of patagonica, although the spine-like scales are not so very much larger. In palluma the color is olive with blackish marbling, the pattern being well defined in several Chilean specimens in the Museum of Comparative Zo- ology. While Koslowsky's types from Patagonia were all speckled with light markings on the dark background, Mr. Peters' series is all exactly alike and shows a rich mahoganj' brown on the body, lighter and more yellowish on the tail with no trace of markings whatsoever. Liolaemus kingii Bell. Two specimens apparently perfectly typical. Liolaemus elongatus Koslowsky. Six specimens of this little known species vary slightly from the types in that the range of variation in the number of rows of scales about the body is extended to 112 — the highest number mentioned by Koslowsky being 103. Peters' examples are old adults and are chubby and squat and quite similar in habit to L. kingii but more depressed. The name elongatus, inapt at best, was evidently suggested by the habit of tlie yoimg. Liolaemus magellanicus (Homb. & Jacq.) Four specimens before me from liuanuluan are perfectly typical niagel- laniam and I have compared them with specimens from Patagonia, identi- fied by Stejneger as Jj. lineomaculntus Boulenger and captured by the Hatcher Expedition. 1 can not b(; persuaded, willi only this material avail- able! for comparison, tliat these two species really should be combined, although this proposal has been made by Koslowsky (Rev. Mus. La Plata, 8, 1898, p. 173). Liolaemus boulengeri Koslowsky. There are five specimens of this elegant form at hand and the finding that they occurred at Huanuluan was to be expected, as the co-types came from both Chubut and Neuquen. Barbour — S^Jiall Collection of Reptiles from Argentina. 141 Liolaemus rothi Koslowsky. It is with great hesitation that I use this name for four Hzards which agree but moderately well with Koslowsky's description and figure (Rev. Mas. La Plata, 8, 1898, p. 177, Plate 4). However, there can be no doubt but that these specimens are closely related to rothi and that without typical material for comparison it would be impossible to discuss them intelligently in more detail. Vol. 34, pp. 143-146 August 17, 1921 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON TWO NEW CENTRAL AMERICAN SALAMANDERS. BY EMMETT REID DUNN. During the preparation of a general Revision of the Free- tongued Salamanders, now completed but the appearance of which will probably be delayed, I studied most of the material accumulated in the various American Museums. Besides this, I spent a summer in the field in Costa Rica. One of these new species, which it seems advisable to place on record now, was taken during that journey, the other I found in material loaned by the Field Museum of Chicago. For the opportunity to examine their interesting series of urodeles and to characterize this new form, I am deeply indebted to the authorities of that institution who have likewise consented to the retention of para- types by the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Oedipus rex, sp. nov. Diagnosis. — A small Oedipus with toes scarcely webbed, inner not rudimentary, nostrils small in adult, teeth on maxilla, vomerine series of 9 teeth extending beyond nares, 3-4 costal folds between appressed toes. Range. — Known from type locality only. Description.. — Field Museum No. 1814, adult male (type). Sierra Santa Elena (near Tecpam), Guatemala (alt. 9,500 feet). 12 costal grooves; 2 costal folds between appressed toes; head width 5}i in length from snout to vent; head length 3^ in length of body; head a blunt oval; eye longer than its distance from tip of snout; snout swollen; a tubercle below nostrils; outline of upper jaw slightly concave as seen from side; angle of jaw back of hind angle of eye; both eyelids fitting under a fold of skin behind; a groove from hind angle of eye to gular fold ; a branch from this down behind angle of jaw and across throat. Limbs well developed; fingers 3, 2, 4, 1 in order of length, not much flattened, webbed at base; toes not much flattened, 3, 4, 2, 5, 1 in order of length, webbed at base and between 3 and 4 to next to last joint. Tail longer than head and body, constricted off at base, circular in cross section; anal lips lined with papillae. Vomerine series not continuous with parasphenoids, about 9 teeth in series, 28— Pkoc. Biol. Soc. Wash.. Vol. 34, 1921. (143) 144 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. beginning outside of nares, curving in and back, separated from its fellow by a little more than width of the very small nares, and from parasphenoids by nearly their own length, — latter in two patches beginning at last third of eye sockets. Two premaxillary fangs. Color. — Pinkish gray dorsally and on ujjpcr surfaces of limbs and tail, shading into gray in sides of body and tail, this somewhat marbled with white, beneath light gray, white marbling on throat, light marbling on upper surface of snout. Total length 89, head 10, body 33, tail 46. Variation. — A female, same data, differs in having 13 costal grooves and 3 costal folds between the appressed toes, head width 6 in distance from tip of snout to vent, snout less swollen, anal lips smooth, tail longer than head and body, 9 teeth in vomerine series which are separated from para- spenoids by half their length. Color darker, lightest on throat, darkest on mid-dorsal, but rather uniform gray all over. Total length 90, head 10, body 34, tail 46. A small specimen is similnr to the male but has nostrils with greater diameter than the largest specimen. Total length 22, head 4, body 1.5, tail 7.5. Those described are the maximum and minimum sizes seen. Habits. — The types were taken from under logs. Remarks. — This form is not any of those hitherto described from Guate- mala. Its nearest relations are with sulcatus from Mexico. Specimens seen 11, all from type locality. Oedipina alfaroi, sp. nov. Diagnosis. — Similar to Oedipina uniformis in form, but no teeth on maxilla, head pointed instead of rounded, eye smaller; dark brown above, greyish below, instead of black above and below, as in the preceding species. Range. — Known only from type locality. Description. — Type M.C.Z. 6938, adult female, Zent, Costa Rica. 20 costal grooves; 14 costal folds between appressed toes; head width 12 in length from snout to vent; head length 7 in length of body; eye shorter than its distance from the nostril; head a pointed oval from above; snout not swollen; outline of upper jaw straight as seen from side; angle of jaw back of hind angle of eye; both eyelids fitting under a fold of skin behind; a groove from eye to gular fold; a groove from this down behind angle of jaw; limbs weak; fingers 3, 2, 4, 1 in order of length, united to tips; toes 3, 4, 2, 5, 1 in order of length, united to tip. Tail imperfect, not constricted at base, circular in crossection; anal lips smooth. Vomerine teeth about 9 in series, beginning behind outer edge of nares, curving in and back, separated from its fellow by width of the large nares, and from the parasphenoids by the same distance. Latter in a single patch beginning opposite anterior fourth of eye socket. No teeth on maxilla, one premaxillary tooth not piercing lip. Teeth on lower jaw confined to front half, normal in form and number. Color purplish brown above, light grayish below, a white spot behind insertion of leg. Total length 104, head 7.5, body 53, tail 43.5. Dunn — Two New Central American Salamanders. 145 Variation. — Another female, M .C.Z. 6944, same locality, has an uninjured tail which is much longer than head and body, head width 14 in length from snout to vent, head length 7f in length of body. The vomerines are separated from the parasphenoids by twice the width of the nares. There is one premaxillary tooth and none on the maxilla. The mandible is toothed to below the middle of the eye. Total length 132, head 7, body 51, tail 74. Habits. — Not dissimilar to those of 0. imiformis. They may be found in the same log. Remarks. — I have compared the original descriptions of imiformis and of vermicularis and they unquestionably refer to the same animal so that the present form is new. I had a third specimen but it wriggled from my hand and I could not find it again. They are easily distinguished from uni- Jormis in the field by the different color. Specimens seen 2, as follows: Costa Rica; Zent 2. Named for Senor don Anastasio Alfaro of the Museo Nacional, San Jose, C. R., a slight recognition of his kind advice and hospitality and also in appreciation of his contributions to our knowledge of his country. Vol. 34, pp. 147-148 August 29, 1921 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A AMECYSTIS, A NEW GENUS OF ORDOVICIAN CYSTIDEA.i BY E. O. ULRICH AND EDWIN KIRK. In a recent publication Raymond^ described a new species of Cystid under the name Pleurocystites laevis. This species he states is chiefly remarkable in that it lacks pectinirhombs and surface sculpture. The absence of pectinirhombs is not an abnormality or due to weathering. The species is referable to a new genus, for which we propose the name Amecystis (Sjurj, a shovel), with Pleurocystis laevis Raymond^ as the genotype. Two other species belonging to the genus are known which diverge somewhat from the type species but agree in gross structure and in the absence of rhombs. Amecystis may best be defined as a Pleurocystis lacking pectinirhombs. The evidence is perfectly clear on this point. A large number of specimens in a splendid state of preservation have been examined, and in none is there a trace of rhomb structure. Even in the one species known that has radiating surface ridges, the ridges appear rather as superficial ornamen- tation than as stereom folds. The arrangement of plates is as in Pleurocystis. The anal side is nearly always poorly preserved owing to the fact that it is made up of very small plates and is less rigid than in Pleurocystis. The anal pyramid has doubtfully been determined as having the same position as in Pleurocystis. Amecystis laevis (Raymond) or a very closely related species also occurs in the Curdsville limestone of Mercer County, 1 Published by permission of the Director of the U. S. Geological Survey. 2Raymond, P. E.. "A contribution to the description of the fauna of the Trenton Group:" Canada Dept. Mines. Geol. Survey Mus. Bull. No. 31, Geol. Ser. No. ,3S, Feb., 1921. aOp. cit., p. 2, PI. II, figs. 1-3. 20— Proc. Biol. See. Wash., Vol. 34, 1021. (147) 148 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Kentucky. The other two species are from widely separated localities and are found in earlier deposits. One comes from the Black River Rhinidictya beds of Minneapolis, Minnesota, and the other from the Chambersburg limestone near Chambers- burg, Pennsylvania. The Minneapolis species has a very thin and fragile test, is of smaller size, and has a surface covered bj" small granules. The Chambersburg species is notable in having heavier plates than Amecystis laevis and in the possession of well defined linear surface sculpture, though pectinirhombs or porerhombs are not developed. The absence of pectinii^hombs or even porerhombs in Ame- cystis opens an interesting field of speculation as regards Cystid evolution and systematic classification. It is scarcely con- ceivable that Amecystis is a homoplastic derivative of a totallj'' distinct genetic line from Plcurocystis. Owing to the essential structural identity of Amecystis and Plcurocystis other than in the possession of pectinirhombs we can scarcely go further than postulate a common rhombless ancestor for both. Indeed it is possible that forms referable to Amecystis were ancestral to Plcurocystis. The age relations of the two genera point to such a possible relationship. Although Amecystis laevis (Raymond) ranges on into the Trenton, the other species are of Black River age, and it will probably be found that the genus had its greatest development in Chazj^an and Black River times, whereas Pleurocystis is typical of the Trenton. The more or less abrupt acquisition of porerhombs and even the highly specialized pectinirhombs by genetic lines in which stereom-folds are poorly developed or absent make the tran- sition from the Amphoridea to the Rhombifera a simple one. However, the assignment of Plcurocystis to the Anomalocystidae as made by Haeckel is still un wan-anted. The facts observed do suggest that the order Aporita is unnecessary, and that the contained forms might well be referred to the Rhombifera as now defined. Vol. 34, pp. 149-154 December 21, 1921 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ADDITIONS TO THE ORCHID FLORA OF PANAMA. BY OAKES AMES. The new species of orchids from Panama described below formed part of a collection made by Elsworth P. Killip in 1917 and 1918 in the provinces of Panama and Chiriqui. The type material on which the descriptions are based is pre- served in the author's herbarium and duplicate types are to be found in the herbarium of the Rochester Academy of Science. Camaridium grandiflorum, sp. nov. Herba caulescens, valida, e basi decumbenti erecta, folia superiora inclusa circa 37 cm. alta. Caulis vaginis distichis omnino obtectus. Vaginae complanatae, arete imbricantes. Pseudobulbi rari, monophylli, vaginis obtecti, ad caulem appressi, anguste oblongo-cylindracei, glabri, complanati, circa 3.5 cm. alti, plus minusve sulcati. Folia adulta oblongo- ligulata, usque ad 15.9 cm. longa et 2 cm. lata, apice obtuso bilobata, basi complicata, coriacea, valde articulata, nervo medio supra sulcato; folia juniora ovato-elliptica, conduplicata, multo breviora. Pedunculi singuli e bractearum axillis exorientes, erecti et nunc leviter flexuosi, graciles, circa 5.5-8 cm. alti, bracteis nonnuUis laxe vaginati. Bracteae inferiores plus minusve 3.4 cm. longae, circa 9 mm. latae, lineari-lanceolatae, acuminatae, scariosae, laxe convoluto-vaginantes, nervosae, nervo medio praecipue parte apicali dorso carinato;bractea superior ovalis, circa 2.7 cm. longa et .9 cm. lata, acuminata, acuta, valde cucullata, ovarium et sepali dorsalis dimidium basalem vaginans. Flos grandis. Perianthium paulo patens, textura subcoriacea. Sepala lateralia 3.5 cm. longa, 9.5 mm. lata, lanceo- lato-oblonga, multinervosa, sensim acuminata, marginibus anterioribus involutis et in apicem mucronatum extensis. Sepalum dorsale simile, paulo angustius. Petala anguste elliptico-lanceolata, circa 3 cm. longa et 8.5 mm. lata trans medium, marginibus superioribus involutis. Labellum parvum, positu naturali gynostemio parallelum, elevatum, trilobatum, valde conduplicatum et decurvum, circa 1 cm. longum; discus extensus in parte basali tertia tuberculatis numerosis et in medio lamella suborbiculari biloba ornatus; lobi laterales erecti, semiobcordati, obtuse acuti, antrosum 30— Pboc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 34, 1921. (149) 150 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. falcati; lobus intermedius valde complicatus, dorso carinatus, extensus late ovatus vel semiorbicularis, apice rotundato mucronatus. Columna parva, crassa, circa 7 mm. longa, arcuata, inpedem gynostemio breviorem extensa. anthera semigloboso-conica, minute papillosa. This species has much shorter, broader leaves, longer peduncles and larger labellum than Camaridium pulchrum. Schltr. It is distinguished from C. ochroleucwm Lindl. by its shorter, broader leaves, larger flowers borne on long peduncles, and by the acute lateral lobes of the labellum. From C. Wrightii Schltr. it is differentiated by its larger flowers and by the structure of the labellum. PANAMA, Province of Chiriqui, in humid forest of the Cordillera, east of the Rio Caldera, Killip 3565, February 17-19, 1918. 2,000 meters altitude. Erythrodes Killipii, sp. nov. Herba alta, terrestris, e rhizomate cauliformi erecta, circa 62.5 cm. alta. Radices paucae, lanuginosae, e nodis exorientes. Caulis glaber, in sicco plus minusve 5 mm. latus, internodiis inferioribus plus minusve 7 cm. longis, superioribus multo brevioribus. Folia in visu septem, oblique lanceolato-elliptica vel ovato-elliptica, usque ad 9.5 cm. longa et 4.2 cm. lata (folium supremum multo minus), in caulis parte superiore approximata, apice subito acuminata, basi in petiolum cuneato-angustata, textura chartacea, nervis tribus prominentibus. Petiolus alatus, basi in vaginam laxe dilatatam tubularem scariosam transeuns. Pedunculus ad racemum circa 18.6 cm. longus, densius pubescens, in sicco angulatus, vaginis quat- tuor laxis scariosis ornatus. Racemus circa 17.5 cm. longus, dense multi- florus, rhachide pubescenti. Bracteae inflorescentiae flores conspicue super- antes, lanceolatae, longe acuminatae, basi cucullatae, trinerviae, omnino glabrae, marginibus inferioribus irregularibus vel erosulis, marginibus supe- rioribus integris, involutis, usque ad 1.9 cm. longae et 6.4 mm. latae (bractea basalis) . Flores in generis mediocres. Sepala petalaque in galeam agglutinata, pubescentia. Sepala oblonga, circa 7 mm. longa et 2.1 mm. lata, acuta, uninervia, basi obliqua. Sepalum dorsale lanceolatum, circa 7 mm. longum et 3.4 mm. latum, obtusum, uninervium, basi cucullatum. Petala cum sepalo imparl arete agglutinata, ligulato-spathulata, sepalis paulo breviora, circa 2.25 mm. lata prope apicem, uninervia, marginibus superioribus minutissime erosis. Labellum in positu naturali arcuato-decurvum, parte apicali deflexa et partis inferioris marginibus valde involutis; lamina expansa ligulata, circa 6 mm. longa, tertia parte apicali leviter constric- ta et subito in laminam latam reniformem circa 4.1 mm. latam, obtuse apiculatam dilatata, pars basalis circa 2.4 mm. lata, callis binis obscuris percurrcntibus. Gynostemium breve, rostello alte et acriter bifido. Cal- car ovoideum, circa 3.5 mm. longum. Ovarium dense glanduloso- pubescens. The habit of this species suggests very much the habit of Erythrodes procera (Physurus procerus