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PROCEEDINGS
CALIPORINGTA
AUADEMY OF SOLENGKS.
SECOND SERIES.
27/486
VOLENE: LV:
18938-18904.
San Francisco, 1895.
Committee of Publication:
H. W. HARKNESS. GULIAN P. RIXFORD. CARLOS TROYER.
Epitor: FRANK H. VASLITY.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
PAGE
ASHMEAD, WiLtL1AM H. Some Parasitic Hymenoptera from Lower
GHITKONAME w, Sogdian wlacad podoua aco Moo eS onoed Cea Emon or 122
BRANDEGEE, KATHARINE. Studies in Portulacacew. ................ 86
Shrinhiss sh, (OCHO NI do pocsecapoos soOnoo coos Oss Hoes Sucar 173
CALvERT, Puitip P. The Odonata of Baja California............... 463
CRAMER, FRANK. Description of a Little Known Agonoid Fish, Hip-
PocephalUssaPOMIGUH. 4... 4.2) emie alist) eco ets ae 147
Cooper, J. G. On Land and Fresh Water Mollusca of Lower Cali-
Homey INOa tba ea crammed oes Oe OL Bebac tans neo oom adc 130
On Some Pliocene Fresh Water Fossils of California .......... 166
Eastwoop, Auice. Two Species of Aquilegia from the Upper Sonoran
Fonerot ColoradorandaUtaltrcue woeeise rere e sere sie 559
Fox, Witt1aAm J. Report on Some Mexican Hymenoptera, Principally
aon Won cere CLVMNGNAMEy HAAG Uc dem ened asubon doaubooHOT 1
Second Report on Some Hymenoptera from Lower California,
[MEGS COMM ee erates re terae tere ec se aie ates ay ereba pyc tole colt at sa) casera eet 92
Harriey, Ftora. Description of a New Species of Wood-Rat from
INAVAD OY! sae soto oto Dad Book Detbe Sold nop ese e Sb ord ac 157
Hotes, SamuEL J. Notes on West American Crustacea............ 563
Horn, Georce H. The Coleoptera of Baja California............... 302
JorpaN, Davip Starr. Description of Evermannia, a New Genus of
Groliwonel MIVSS oooug domes sonaoo SaounonondouneodcuoS 592
JorpaN, Davip 8. and CuaRites H. Giieert. Description of a New
Species of Ribbon Fish, Trachypterus Rex-salmonorum,
Teg soo [SHHay JMEANONSKCO, eo bon dosede oe cone a cacs somanous 144
Merriam, C. Hart. Descriptions of Four New Pocket Mice from
Lower California, collected by Walter E. Bryant......... 457
PERGANDE, THEO. Ona Collection of Formicide from Lower Califor-
Mfay AT CaS OO TAN AVLOKAGO! ss. y2.oe 21s eh jeraire fuciehel elaine o)e/* selene’ 26
Formicida of Lower California, Mexico............%.......... 161
Price, W. W. Description of a New Wood-Rat from the Coast Range
Gu (Ceimrinnll Ghibhieiiteysn oh hae Sebo ccs ap oaccianD oO cee 154
Rirrer, Witt1AM E. Tunicata of the Pacific Coast of North Amer-
ica. I.—Perophora Annectens n.sp...........-. -.... 37
ll TABLE OF CONTENTS.
TownseEnD, C. H. Tyter. On the Diptera of Baja California, Includ-
ing Some Species from Adjacent Regions......... ..... 5938
Unter, P. R. Observations upon the Heteropterous Hemiptera of
Lower California, with Descriptions of New Species. .... 223
Van DenspurGH, Joun. Descriptions of Three New Lizards from
California and Lower California, with a note on Phryno-
Boma Blainvillit’..2ci.5. cieca1 0 cececs terete etalk etek erate eee 296
Notes on Crotalus Mitchellii and ‘‘ Crotalus Pyrrhus”......... 450
Phrynosoma Solaris, with a Note on its Distribution.......... 456
Vopvcrs, A. W. Notes on Paleozoic Crustacea No. 4.—On a New
Trilobite from Arkansas Lower Coal Measures.......... 589
BROCEEDINGS isis ei cesr ste eres encbeieie: | cine Gace ce, tele yore hielo oeret hentai nae 621
IVINS UX st aS gd aye tat Sete, Slaue Pate erR'Si8 Sie 4 Sia ae oust ue oie re aWeuehe eRe seein ere en ee 643
List oF PLATES.
I-III. Perophora annectens.
IV. Lewisia Kelloggii.
V-VI. Lower Californian Mollusca.
VII-VIII. Coleoptera of Baja California.
IX. Trachypterus rex-salmonorum.
X. Hippocephalus japonicus.
XI. Neotoma californica.
XII. Neotoma albigula.
XIII. Neotoma mexicana :
XIV. Pliocene fresh water fossils.
XV-XVII. Odonata of Baja California.
XVIII-XIX. Aquilegia ecalcarata; Aquilegia micrantha.
XX-XXI. West American Crustacea,
INSEL DADISOIONM ES
—— OR
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY
——— 0 = —
Sea INU. SS.
REPORT ON SOME MEXICAN HYMENOPTERA, PRIN-
CIPALLY FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA.
BY WILLIAM Jj. FOX.
The collections on which this paper is based were
made principally throughout Lower California. I say
throughout, as collections were made, beginning at San
Quintin in the north, to San José del Cabo in the ex-
treme south, as well as in divers localities in the east and
west, such as Magdalena Island and San Juan. The
collection as a whole, though not very extensive, is, in
my opinion, one of the most important that has ever been
brought from that region, as not only do the specimens
bear the precise locality in which they were collected,
but have the date of capture as well, which, as every en-
tomologist must admit, is not only interesting but import-
ant. To Mr. Gustav Eisen, of the California Academy
of Sciences, my thanks are due for the opportunity of
examining these collections, and who collected those spec-
imens from SanJosé del Cabo and Hermosillo, Sonora.
The remainder were collected by Mr. Chas. D. Haines,
who deserves credit for the neat and careful way in which
he has prepared his specimens. My thanks are also due
Mr. Wm. H. Ashmead and Mr. Theo. Pergande, of
2p S=R., Vou. IV. September 14, 1893.
i)
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
Washington, D. C., for determining the Parasitica and
Formicidae. (The latter will be found in a separate paper
by Mr. Pergande.) I might state that several species of
the smaller bees, which are evidently new, I have re-
frained from describing, as a lack of Mexican material
renders their identification ambiguous.
TENTHREDINIDA.
Prenus sp. El Paraiso, L. Cal. (//aznes). May.
NEMATUS (?) sp. Same locality as the preceding.
ICHNEUMONIDZ.
ENICOSPILUS (OPHION) GLABRATUS Say. Comondu
(Haines) March, and San José del Cabo, L. Cal. (sez).
1é and 2 females.
ENICOSPILUS (OPHION) PURGATUS Say. Margarita
Island, L. Cal. (Afaznes). March. Two females.
LIMNERIA Sp. One ?. San Quintin, L. Cal. (/aznes).
May.
AGRYPON sp. San Julio, L.-Cal. (f/ames). Apmil
Ome ?*.
EIPHOSOMA AZTECA Cress. One ¢. Comondu, L.
Cal. (Haines). March.
EXETASTES FUSCIPENNIS Cress. Two females. Mar-
garita Island, L. Cal. (A/aznes). March.
Exocuus sp. One broken ¢. Comondu, Ua @ar
(flatnes). March.
CRYPTUS CALLIPTERUS Say. Two females, 13 males.
San Quintin, San Borgia and El Paraiso (/Zaznes). May.
BRACONID.
IPHIAULAX (BRACON) MONTIVAGUS Cress. Two males.
San Julio, L. Cal. (Afaines). April.
IPHIAULAX (BRACON) EURYGASTER Brullé. One male.
San Quintin, L. Cal. (Haznes). May.
HYMENOPTERA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. 3
BRACON spp. Four species not identified, trom several
localities (//azves).
RuyssAtus sp. One 6. Margarita Island, L. Cal.
(Haines). March.
CAINOPHANES spp. Three species of this genus, not
identified. El] Paraiso (flares). May.
RuoGas ATRICEPS Cress. Margarita Island, L. Cal.
(Haines). May.
APANTELES spp. Two species. Margarita Island and
San Julio, L. Cal. (/faznes).
Acatuis sp. El] Rosario, L. Cal. (Haines). May.
MIcRODUS ANNULIPES (?) Cress. Magdalena Island,
L. Cal. (Haines). March. Of this specimen Mr Ash-
mead writes: ‘‘I am not entirely satisfied the specimen
named here as Microdus annulipes Cr. is really that
species, although it agrees fairly well with the description,
except that the second segment is usually black. It is
probably a variety.”’
CRATOSPILA MEXICANA Ashm. n. sp.*
CHALCIDIDZA.
CHALCURA CALIFORNICA Ashm. One 2. Comondu,
ie Cale (CHacves).. March.
EurRyYTOMA spp. Two species of this genus. San
Jorge and San José de Gracias (/faznes). March and
April.
SMIGRA BIOCULATA “Cress. One 6. San LInis, L.
Cale Caines). April:
Torymus sp. One 2. No precise locality (//aznes).
Torymus Harnest Ashm. n. sp.T
* The description of this species will be published later.
t The description of this species will be published later.
4 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
CHRYSIDIDZ.
CHRYSIS SONORENSIS Cam. One specimen. San Este-
bamjelee Cals ~CAlaznes). uApiil.
CHRYSIS SELENIA Costa. Six specimens. San José del
Cabo (£#zsew) and Comondu, L. Cal. (/faznes). March.
PARNOPES CHRYSOPRASINA Sm.
Although this species was described from North Caro-
lina and to my knowledge has not been recorded from
any other locality, I feel compelled to refer a specimen
from San Borgia, L. Cal. (/famnes) May, to it, as the
specimen fits the description perfectly. It seems to me
that Smith has probably given an erroneous locality for
this species. Should this specimen prove not to be
chrysoprasina, then it is a new species, as it is distinct
from both Kdwardsi and fulvicornis.
MUTILLIDA.
SPH £ROPHTHALMA oORCUuS Cress. Five females. Santa
Maria, L. Cal. (Afaznes) May; Hermosillo, Sonora (£7-
sen) April. ‘The pubescence on abdomen of this species
varies from fulvous to bright carmine.
SPH4#ROPHTHALMA SACKENII Cress. One ¢. San
José del Cabo, L. Cal. (#zsez).
SPHZROPHTHALMA MAGNA Cress. Fourfemales. San
José del Cabo (#7sex) and San Esteban, L. Cal. (Haznes)
April.
SPHAROPHTHALMA ERUDITA Cress. San José del
Cabo, E..i@al. (Zzsen). ~Onexemale:
SPHZROPHTHALMA GLORIOSA Sauss. San Esteban,
April, and San Borgia, May (//azves), San José del Cabo
(Eisen). This species seems to have been overlooked
by previous authors as it is neither in Blake’s Monograph
of the Mutillide, nor in Cresson’s ‘‘ Catalogue.’’ It is
HYMENOPTERA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. 5
related to Sackenz?, from which it will be at once dis-
tinguished by the reddish body-color.
PHOTOPSIS CASTANEUS Cress. El Paraiso, L. Cal.
(Haines) May.
PHOTOPSIS NEBULOSUS BI. Five specimens. El] Pa-
raiso, May, and Calmalli Mines, L. Cal., April (AZaznes).
These specimens are very large for this species.
PHOTOPSIS GLABRELLUS Cress. San José del Cabo, L.
Cal. (Zzsen). One specimen.
PHOTOPSIS INCOoNsPICUUS Bl. Margarita Island, L.
Cal. (Haines). March. One specimen.
Puotopsis spp. ‘Twospecies, not identified. Comon-
du (March) and Calmalli Mines, L. Cal. (Haznes).
Puotopsis Nokomis Bl. Two specimens. San Jose
delGabpo, L.Cal--( Azer). Lhe color of the abdomen
in this species varies from dark ‘* honey-yellow ”’ to black.
PHOTOPSIS NIGRIVENTRIS N. sp.
6 .—Head scarcely as wide as the thorax, hind angles
rounded; vertex with strong, sparse punctures, those on
the front closer and not quite so strong; ocelli large and
prominent; scape punctured; mandibles strongly punc-
tured at base, which is produced outwardly into a strong
angular lamina or tooth. Clypeus strongly depressed:
thorax with coarse punctures, those on the prothorax,
metapleure: and scutellum more or less confluent and
those on dorsulum sparsest; the metathorax covered with
large fovee or pits, the base with a strong ridge medially,
extending about one-fourth the length of the metathorax,
on each side of this ridge there is a somewhat oblique and
shorter ridge; legs not at all spinose; abdomen fusiform,
the first segment above with strong, separated punctures,
beneath on same segment the punctures are stronger and
confluent, dorsalsegments 2-6 with fine punctures, which
6 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
are sparsest on second segment, ventrally these seg-
ments are more strongly punctured, particularly on the
second segment; wings subhyaline, stigma brown, nerv-
ures yellowish, with two submarginal cells (there is,
however, faint traces of a third); head and thorax of a
ferruginous brown, the antennz, palpi, tegule and legs
honey-yellow; abdomen, except first segment, which is
colored like thorax, and the ocellar region, black; man-
dibles with long golden hair, the rest of the insect with
long, rather dense, pale pubescence; segments of ab-
domen at apex with a fringe of short, white pubescence ;
the last dorsal segment with brown pubescence. Length,
16-18 mm.
Two specimens. San José del Cabo, L. Cal. (4zsez).
PuHotopsis BLAKEII n. sp.
6 .—Head scarcely as wide as the thorax, hind angles
rounded; vertex with strong, sparse punctures, those on
the front not much closer nor feebler: ocelli large and
prominent, the hind pair situated in strong pits; scape
punctured; outer margin of mandibles, with exception of
a slight emargination in middle, entire; thorax with coarse
punctures, those on prothorax and mesopleure more or
less confluent; scutellum with strong and not confluent
punctures; metathorax covered with large pits or fovee,
the base with a strong ridge medially, which extends over
one-third the length of the metathorax, on each side of
this ridge there is a much shorter, oblique ridge; legs not
at all spinose; abdomen fusiform, the first segment with
feeble and sparse punctures; the remaining segments
seem to be impunctate; ventrally the second segment has
a few scattered punctures; wings subhyaline, nervures
and stigma honey-yellow: two submarginal cells; head,
thorax and abdomen of a ferruginous brown, the antenne,
palpi, tegule and legs honey-yellow: ocellar region and
HYMENOPTERA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. 7
sides of abdomen faintly blackish; the whole insect is
clothed with a long, pale pubescence; segments of ab-
domen not fringed. Length, 16 mm.
Two specimens. San José del Cabo, L. Cal. (#7sev).
In one specimen the ridges on metathorax are very
short.
BRACHYCISTIS gen. nov.
General appearance of Photopsis. Width of the head
variable. Eyes large rounded-ovate, their inner margin
sinuous. Ocelli large, prominent, placed in the form of
a triangle. Antenne long, 13-jointed, situated very low
down, its scape and pedicellum united shorter than first
joint of flagellum. Mandibles strong, tridentate at apex.
Pronotum situated far below level of dorsulum, which ts
very strongly convex; wings ample, st7zgma large, one very
short, truncate marginal, which has a short appendicu-
lation at apex; three submarginal cells, the second of
which is usually triangular and sometimes petiolate, ve-
current nervures received by the second and third submar-
ginal cells. Legs not spinose, the middle tibia with one
spur, their coxe tolerably well separated. ‘Tarsal claws
curved, unarmed. Abdomen elongate, the form of the
first segment varying from petiolate to sessile with the
second segment, at the apex there is a single strong
curved hook or spine, which projects beyond the seventh
ventral segment and curvesupward. Size variable, 6-15
mm. Type, B. petzolatus n. sp.
This genus, the 4 only of which is known, as is like-
wise the case with several other allied genera, looks on
first sight to be Photopsis, but the larger stigma, the re-
current nervures being received by second and third sub-
marginal cells and the one-spurred middle tiba, will at
once distinguish it. The sculpture is much less strongly
marked than in Photops7s, some species being very smooth
8 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
and glabrous. Into this genus will fall the following
species of Photopsis:
P. ampla Blake, nztida Cresson, alcanor Blake, atrata
Blake, sobrina Blake, /epida Blake, castanea Cresson and
glabrella Cress. and the following new species:
BRACHYCISTIS PETIOLATUS N. sp.
6 .—Black, the antennz, mandibles, tegule and legs
except coxe and hind femora medially, pale-testaceous;
the pro- and metathorax, first segment of abdomen, coxe
and hind femora medially, castaneus; the whole insect is
sparsely clothed with long, pale-fuscous hairs; dorsulum
indistinctly punctured, the mesopleure distinctly so;
metathorax coarsely granulated or roughened, impressed
medially, the sides smooth: wings hyaline, stigma pale
testaceous, marginal cell very narrow, second submar-
ginal cell with a long petiole; abdomen petiolate, the first
segment or petiole thickened to the apex and is coarsely
punctured. Length 7-8 mm. .
Fourteen specimens, Calmalli Mines, L. Cal. (/Zaznes).
April.
SCOLUDZ.
MyZInE sp. Eight ¢ specimens of a species related
to MZ. fuliginosus. San José del Cabo, L. Cal. (£zsen).
PARATIPHIA ALBILABRIS Spin. Three female and fifteen
male specimens, collected by Haines, Calmalli Mines and
San Julio, L. Cal. (April), San Borgia (May). The
male is very variable in size.
SCOLIA BADIA Sauss. San José del Cabo, L. Cal.
(Eisen). One female.
ELiIs TOLTECA Sauss. About two hundred specimens
of this species, evidently all females. It varies greatly
in size, from 13-24 mm. Saussure gives measurement of
one specimen as 28 mm.
HYMENOPTERA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. 9
POMPILIDZ.
PompiLus a:THIOPS Cress. Two female specimens.
El Paraiso, L. Cal. (aznes). May.
POMPILUS TENEBROSUS Cress. San Jorge, L. Cal.
(Haines). March. Two females.
PLANICEPS CONCOLOR Sm. Two females, which I refer
doubttully to this species, as they are much larger than
the measurements given by Smith, although otherwise
agreeing with the description. San Julio and Magdalena
Island, L. Cal. (Hanes). March and April.
MYGNIMIA MEXICANA Cress. San Julio, L. Cal.
(Haines). April. One small female.
PEPSIS ORNATA Lep. San José del Cabo, L. Cal.
(Eisen). One male.
PEPSIS RUBRA Drury. Ten females, five males. San
José del Cabo (£Zvsex), and Calmalli Mines, L. Cal.
(Haines), May; Hermosillo, Sonora (Z7sen), April.
SPHECIDZ.
SCELIPHRON LUCa Sauss.. San José del Cabo, L.
Cal. (Z£vsen). Three females, one male.
SCELIPHRON (Chalybion) c#RULEUM Linné. San José
del Cabo, L. Cal. (#7sen). One male.
SCELIPHRON (Chalybion) ZIMMERMANNI Dhlb. San
José del Cabo, L. Cal. (#7zsen). One female.
AMMOPHILA VARIPES Cress. Three females. San
Quintin (May), San Esteban and Lower Purisima, L.
Cal. (Haines). April. One male, San José del Cabo,
L. Cal. (Z7zsen).
AMMOPHILA LUCTUOSA Sm. Two females. San Jorge,
L. Cal. (Haines). March.
SPHEX CALIGINosus Er. One female. Hermosillo,
Sonora (Z7sen). April.
IO CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
SPHEX (/sodontia) ELEGANS Sm. San José del Cabo,
Cal. (Zzsex): “One female.
TRYPOXYLON sp.? A species related to 7. clavatum
Say, but the hind tarsi are entirely black. Calamujuet,
iE Cal. (7Zaznes) 7 May.
STENIOLIA DUPLICATA Prov. (=scolopacea Hdl.) San
José del Cabo (#zsen), Magdalena Island, March, Lower
Purisima and San José de Gracias, April (Hfaznes). The
size and markings seem to vary considerably in this
species.
MoNEDULA SPECIOSA Cress. One male. El Paraiso,
iCall, (anes). May:
MoNEDULA MAMMILLATA Hand.
I very doubtfully refer three male specimens from
Lower Purisima, L. Cal. (/faznes) April, to this species.
While agreeing tolerably well with the description of
mammillata, yet the markings on abdomen are different,
and when the locality of mammzllata (Georgia) is con-
sidered, I scarcely think these specimens are that species.
For the present, however, I can do nothing more than re-
fer them to it.
BEMBEX OCCIDENTALIS N. sp.
? .—Black, the head, thorax and first abdominal seg-
ment rather densely clothed with ashy pubescence, which
is longest on front and vertex; clypeus, labrum, man-
dibles except tips, inner and posterior orbits, scape ex-
cept black line above, flagellum beneath, prothorax ex-
cept the middle anterior portion above, tubercles, large,
somewhat angular mark on mesopleure, a smaller spot
behind it beneath the wings, greater part of tegule, a line
on each extreme side of the dorsulum, narrow line on
posterior portion of scutellum and post scutellum, that on
the former formed into a spot on each side, a transverse,
HYMENOPTERA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. at
curved line, extending from side to side at apex of upper
face of metathorax, large spot on metapleura which is
emarginate above, legs entirely, including the coxe, a
broad fascia on abdominal segments 1-5, that on the first
greatly narrowed medially, that on the second scarcely
narrowed, but enclosing two transversely-ovate black
spots, on third, fourth and fifth segments the fascie have
two strong emarginations on anterior margin and a weaker
one on posterior margin in the middle, sixth dorsal seg-
ment entirely and fascize on ventral segments which (the
fascie) are more or less variable, all sulphur-yellow;
wings clear hyaline, nervures brownish; antenne rather
long, reaching beyond the tegule, the first joint of flagel-
lum fully as long as the second, third and half of the
fourth united; clypeus and labrum indistinctly punc-
tured; thorax microscopically punctured; posterior face
of metathorax with a large triangular depression at top;
tibiz and tarsi strongly spinose; anterior tarsi with a
well developed comb, the spines of which are shortest
basally, the longest spines equal fully the length of the
first joint; abdomen very finely shagreened. Length
21-23 mm.
6 .—Markings and coloration similar to the female, al-
though the coxe and trochanters are more or less black;
antenne scarcely reaching beyond tegule, joints 7-9
dentate beneath; legs armed as in the female; second
ventral segment with a strong, longitudinal central keel,
which is more prominent apically; sixth ventral with two
approximate teeth, which, when viewed from the side,
appear as one. Length, 20-21 mm.
Reno, Nevada (//7//man); California (coll. Am. Ent.
Soc:), and San José del Cabo, L. Cal. (Zzsen). Related
to and closely resembles B. nudbilipennis Cress., from
which it usually can be distinguished by the hyaline wings:
I2 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
however, the wings of xabz/cpennis are sometimes hyaline,
so too much reliance must not be placed on that charac-
ter. The greater length of the antenne and longer tarsal
comb will help in separating the females, while the form
of armature on ventral segments two and six will dis-
tinguish the males.
BremsBex Luc Cress. El Paraiso and San Borgia, L.
Cal. (Hames). May. This species seems to be unde-
scribed, the name Luce being a manuscript one.
GORYTES EXIMIUS Prov. Onefemale. El Paraiso, L.
Cal. (//aznes). May.
MASARIDZ.
MASARIS MACULIFRONS N. sp.
¢.—Head and thorax with coarse, close punctures,
having the appearance of being granulated, the punctures
most distinct on the prothorax above and on the dorsulum
anteriorly; abdomen with exceedingly fine and close
punctures; marginal cell truncate at tip; deep black, sub-
opaque; a large semi-oval spot on clypeus at base (the
sides of the spot are emarginate), a pyriform spot just
above the insertion of antenna, a spot in the eye emargin-
ation, posterior orbits narrowly, an oblique elongate mark
on each shoulder, posterior margin of pronotum, outer
margin of tegule, large spot on mesopleure, spot at
apex of scutellum, and the angles of the metathorax
whitish; abdominal segments 1-5 above with their apical
margins whitish, that on the first, second and third seg-
ments interrupted on each side of the middle, so that it
represents three separate marks or spots, the laterals of
which are largest, ventrally the second segment has a
small spot on each extreme side, the third with a medially
interrupted fascia at apex, and the fourth with four small
spots, all whitish; the head and thorax are clothed with
HYMENOPTERA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. 1 34
a short, erect pale-fuscous pubescence, wings subhyaline,
fuscous in places, iridescent, stigma ferruginous, nervures
black; tibiz and tarsi more or less ferruginous. Length,
II mm.
El Paraiso, L. Cal. (Haines). May. Related to ™.
marginalis Cresson, from which it may be distinguished
by the spots on clypeus and scutellum, and by the coarse
sculpture of head and thorax. From the other North
American species, the white ornamentation will distin-
guish it.
EUMENIDZ.
ODYNERUS TOLTECUS Sauss. Hermosillo. Sonora.
April. (#zsen). One 6 specimen.
ODYNERUS MYSTECUS Sauss. San José de Gracias, L.
Cal. (Hammes). April. Two specimens 2 ¢. The 2
differs from Saussure’s description in having two ‘free
spots ’” on second abdominal segment.
ODYNERUS sp. Two specimens of a species related to
mystecus. Hermosillo, Sonora (# sen). April.
ODYNERUS SAUSSUREI n. sp.
? .—Clypeus pyriform, with a few coarse punctures,
strongest towards middle; the clypeus has also some
coarse, longitudinal folds or striw, its anterior margin
with two rather widely separated teeth; front with dense,
coarse punctures, which gradually become weaker and
sparser towards the vertex until they disappear entirely on
the occiput, the latter with a slight depression in the
middle; thorax as coarsely punctured as the front, but
not so closely; lateral angles of pronotum not dentate;
metathorax with its concave face, with a few irregular
striations, which are most distinct on apical portion, the
lateral angles rather sharp; first and second dorsal ab-
dominal segments, with exception of the apical border of
14 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
the second, impunctate; the remaining segments coarsely
punctured, the second ventral sparsely so; black, a curved
mark around base of clypeus; anterior margin of pro-
notum, two spots on each tegula, spot beneath base ot
wing and the postscutellum, whitish: apical margins of
first and second dorsal and second ventral segment, also
whitish, that on second ventral interrupted medially;
wings, with exception of the marginal and median cells,
which are fuscous, hyaline, nervures and stigma black;
legs entirely black. Length, 12 mm.
San José del Cabo, LL. Cal. (47sen)>. Related to
Megera, foraminatus and leucomelas, but is very distinct
from all three.
VESPIDA.
POLISTES CARNIFEX Sauss. A variety of this species.
San José del Cabo, L. Cal. (#7zsen). Two specimens:
POLISTES BELLICOSA ‘Cress. -El Paraiso, aire ay
(7lavnes). May. One-specimen. There are: in) the
collection three other species of this genus, which at
present I am unable to identify.
ANDRENID.
Hatictus spp. Two specimens, representing two
species. San José de Gracias and San Jorge, L. Cal.
HALICTUS DESERTUS Sm. One ¢. Lower Purisima,
iCal. (Haines). April:
AGAPOSTEMON sp. One 6. San Jorge, L. Cal.
(Hanes). March. This species occurs also in the United
States.
ANDRENA spp. Two species of this genus, collected
by Haines in March at the following localities, viz.: Co-
mondu, El Paraiso and Margarita Island, L. Cal.
HYMENOPTERA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. 15
APID Al.
PANURGUS HALICTOIDES nN. sp.
? .—Head and thorax coppery-green, the abdomen tes-
taceous; front and clypeus finely and closely punctured,
clothed sparsely with white pubescence; mandibles fer-
ruginous, darker at tips; flagellum beneath testaceous;
the cheeks with white pubescence; punctuation of the
dorsulum more distinct than that of the front; upper sur-
face of metathorax depressed and covered with strong,
somewhat irregular radiating ridges; the posterior face
of metathorax finely punctured; the whole thorax is
more or less covered with pale pubescence, which is
shortest and sparsest on dorsulum and scutellum and long-
est on the mesopleure; legs and abdomen testaceous,
more or less clothed with the usual pale pubescence, the
apical segment of the abdomen has the pubescence
somewhat fuscous; tegule testaceous; wings hyaline,
iridescent, nervures and stigma brownish. Length 4
mm.
One specimen. San José de Gracias, L. Cal. (Haznes).
April. This species resembles greatly some of the
smaller green species of //alictus, but can be distin-
guished from them by possessing but two submarginal
cells.
CALLIOPSIS sp. San Julio, L. Cal. (Haznes). One
specimen, evidently a new species.
CALLIOPSIS MARGARITENSIS nN. sp.
? .—Deep shining black, sparsely clothed with whitish
pubescence; clypeus with large, deep and separated
punctures and is tolerably well produced anteriorly ; man-
dibles reddish at tips; front and face with fine punctures,
those on the face sparse, while those between the antenna
and ocelli are compact, the punctures also sparse on the
vertex; flagellum beneath testaceous; dorsulum with
16 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
fine, indistinct punctures, shining; scutellum lkewise
and not impressed; metathorax above at base witha
rather narrow transverse, curved, depression, which is
rugose within; tegule testaceous; wings subhyaline,
strongly iridescent, nervures and stigma brownish, sec-
ond submarginal cell if anything narrowed a little less
than one-half at the top; tarsi apically testaceous, their
pubescence slightly brownish; abdomen with the apical
margins of the segments, particularly the dorsal ones,
testaceous, the last segment with subfuscous pubescence;
the ventral segments are rather strongly punctured.
Length, 5-5% mm.
Four specimens. Margarita Island, L. Cal. (//aznes).
March. Resembles very much our ornatipes and albi-
tarsts, but the dorsulum is much more finely punctured
than in either.
PERDITA sp. One specimen. Calmalli Mines, L. Cal.
(ffaines). April.
PERDITA SPARSA N. sp.
? .—Head and thorax light metallic green, clothed with
pale pubescence; clypeus in the middle, glabrous, im-
punctate, on the sides rather strongly punctured; front
with strong sparse punctures, very strongly furrowed
down the middle; antennz black, the flagellum beneath
testaceous; mandibles black, reddish at tips; labrum
black, with a very wide, longitudinal depression in the
middle; dorsulum and scutellum with distinct, separated
punctures, the metathorax, at least the upper surface,
smooth; legs testaceous, with pale pubescence, the apex
of fore femora and the fore and medial tibiz in front, yel-
low; a longitudinal, ovate mark on clypeus in middle,
two smaller marks on each side of it, the inner orbits as
far as their middle, two spots on prothorax above, tu-
bercles and tegule, all yellowish or whitish; wings hya-
HYMENOPTERA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. 17)
line, iridescent, nervures pale-fuscous, the stigma in the
middle pale; abdomen testaceous, the first segment above
with two small lateral spots, the second basally with a
transverse band, which is narrowed medially, the third
and fourth segments with a somewhat similar band, ex-
cept that it is not so narrow and is interrupted medially,
all yellow, the apical segments clothed with pale pube-
scence, the last segment reddish. Length, 7 mm.
Var. 2.—The greater part of clypeus, sides of face,
labrum, mandibles and anterior tarsi yellow; the two spots
on first abdominal segment coalesce and form a narrow
and sinuous band, the band on second segment not nar-
rowed medially.
6 .—Much smaller than the 2; labrum, mandibles,
sides of face, spot between antennz, scape and greater
part of flagellum entirely, yellow; the head very finely
and closely punctured; thorax more finely and closely
punctured than in the female; the metathorax also finely
punctured; bands on the abdomen narrower and are all
interrupted medially; the apex of all the femora are yel-
lowish. Length, 5 mm.
Two ? andone 6. Margarita and Magdalena Islands
(Haines). March. Related to a/bzpennis and zonalis,
from which it differs by the sparse punctuation of the
front, etc. The 4 may be distinguished from that of
8-maculata by the paler green of the head and thorax,
and by the almost entirely yellow color of the antenna.
PERDITA VENTRALIS N. sp.
? .—Head and thorax dark metallic green, sparsely
clothed with pale pubescence; face and clypeus with fine,
close punctures, the punctures becoming finer on the front
and vertex; labrum with a pit or depression at base; the
cheeks at the bottom are armed with a strong, blunt tooth;
frontal impressed line scarcely distinct; mandibles, except
2p SmER., Vou. IV. (2) September 14, 1893.
18 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY* OF SCIENCES.
tips, labrum, clypeus, a spot beneath the insertion of each
antennez, and the antenne beneath, yellow; the latter
above testaceous; dorsulum and scutellum glabrous,
seemingly impunctate; metathorax at extreme base trans-
versely roughened; tegule and greater part of four an-
terior legs yellow, the hind legs testaceous; wings hyaline,
iridescent, the nervures and stigma fuscous-white; ab-
domen testaceous, with an irregular band on segments
2-5, which is emarginate posteriorly; ventrally the ab-
domen is entirely yellow, in some specimens stained with
testaceous at base and apex; the apical segments are
sparsely clothed with pale pubescence. Length, 4 mm.
Three specimens. Margarita Island, L. Cal. (//aznes).
March. The entirely yellow ventral segments of the ab-
domen will distinguish this species.
PERDITA ARCUATA 0. Sp.
6 .—Head and thorax dark metallic green, sparsely
clothed with pale pubescence; clypeus with rather fine,
not very close punctures, its anterior margin strongly and
widely arcuated; antenna separated by a rather strong
ridge, which extends from base of clypeus almost to
anterior ocellus; front and vertex with exceedingly fine
and close punctures; cheeks rather sparsely punctured,
not dentate beneath; antenne dark fuscous, dorsulum
and scutellum very finely and closely punctured; tegulz
testaceous; wings hyaline, iridescent, nervures and stigma
testaceous; the second submarginal cell is almost triangu-
lar, being greatly narrowed above; legs brownish with
white pile, the fore femora at tips and tibiz in front,
yellow; abdomen black, the apical margins of the seg-
ments broadly rufo-testaceous; the mandibles, except
tips, and the labrum are yellow. Length, 4 mm.
Two specimens. Calmalli Mines, L. Cal. (/aznes).
April. This species belongs to Smith’s genus, J/acrotera,
which Cresson regards as a synonym of Perdta.
HYMENOPTERA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. IQ
EPEOLUS OCCIDENTALIS Cr. Two 2 and one 4 speci-
mens. Margarita Island, L. Cal. (Hazes). March.
ERICROCIS RUGOSA n. sp.
$.—Labrum rounded anteriorly, coarsely rugose ;
upper partof front and the vertex with distinct, but not deep,
separated punctures; ocelli forming almost a straight
line; antenne not reaching the apex of the tegule, the
flagellum scarcely narrowed to the apex, joint one of
flagellum a little shorter than the second, which is a little
longer than the third, joints 3-9 are about equal in length,
the last joint longest; dorsulum and scutellumsub-opaque,
impunctate, the scutellum strongly bituberculate, the
tubercles round and not dentate; legs robust, particularly
the hind pair; fourth ventral abdominal segment with its
apical margin somewhat reflexed. Black, the flagellum
beneath reddish-brown; front, clypeus,thorax onthe sides
and on the dorsulum anteriorly, three small patches on
the scutellum and dorsulum, abdominal segments 1-5 with
a large transverse patch on each side, either a dirty
yellowish-white or tawny*, the abdominal patches are on
the first segment ovate, on the second segment much
narrowed medially, and broadened on outer end, as are
likewise those remaining; on the thorax beneath the
pubescence is whitish; legs brownish, black in spots, the
tibie at base on outer side with a patch of pale pubescence:
wings sub-hyaline, the apical portion, including a part of
the marginal cell, stained with brownish, nervures ferru-
ginous; tegule and the apical margins of the abdominal
segments testaceous. Length, 12mm.
Santa Maria, L. Cals (Haines). May.
HERIADEs sp. San Luis, L. Cal. (Hanes). April.
“The specimen having been in alcohol, leaves me in some doubt as to
the original color of the pubescence.
20 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
ANTHIDIUM CALIFORNICUM Cress. San Esteban, L.
Cal. (/faznes). April. Differs from the typical form in
having the pubescence on thorax pale and by lacking the
yellow markings on legs.
LITHURGUS OBLONGUS 0. sp.
@ .—Labrum about as long as the mandibles, broadest
basally, coarsely and sparsely punctured, and just before
the apex bears a very strong, transverse ridge (in shape
the labrum is somewhat oblong): mandibles with coarse
punctures, much contracted on inner side at about the
middle, the apex tridentate; clypeus produced into a
broad flap-like projection, the fore margin of which is
broadly emarginate, its upper surface very coarsely punc-
tured and strongly furrowed down the middle; between
insertion of antenne there is a strong convexity; front
and vertex strongly and evenly punctured, the front more
strongly so; ocelli forming a curve, placed in pits; on the
vertex extending back a short distance, and dividing the
hind ocelli there is a strong impression; dorsulum and
scutellum punctured about like the front; first abdominal
segment, the basal portion of segments 2-5, and the
sixth entirely, above, with the punctuation finer than on
the remainder of the abdomen. Black, the tegule
yellowish-testaceous; sides of face, front behind the an-
tenne, cheeks, thorax and abdomen more or less with
white pubescence, dorsal abdominal segments 1-5 with a
short fringe of white pubescence; ventral scopa whitish;
pubescence on inner side of tarsi brownish; wings hya-
line, nervures and stigma black; mandibles fringed with
golden-brown hair. Length, 13 mm.
San Ignacio, L. Cal. (ffaznes). April.
MEGACHILE MEXICANA Cress. Six females. San José
deli@abo. Cal: i( zsen).
HYMENOPTERA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. 2
MEGACHILE. POLLICARIS Cress. One female. El
Paraiso, L. Cal. (Afaines). May.
MEGACHILE EXILIS Cress. One male. San Ignacio,
Ie Cal. (Alaines). . April.
CERATINA sp. Evidently a new species. Margarita
island, t.'Cal, (A/azmes). March.
MELISSODES SUFFUSA Cr. One female. San José del
Cabo, L. Cal. (#zsen). There are in the collection four
other species of this genus, which I have been unable
to identify.
DIADASIA APACHA Cress. J/elissodes apacha Cr. Proc.
Meade Nats oc ehila., 1676, p. 207.- Mive: specimens.
San Julio, San Esteban and San José de Gracias (April),
El Paraiso (May). All collected by Haines.
DIADASIA ENAVATA Cress. One male. Comondu,
ieeCal. (Hames). March.
DIADASIA DIMINUTA Cress. One male. San José de
Gracias, 1, Cal.'( aes); “April.
ANTHOPHORA MACULIFRONS Cress. One female. San
José del Cabo, L. Cal. ( £zsen).
ANTHOPHORA sp. San Esteban, L. Cal. (/faznes).
April. A species closely allied to A. urbana Cress.
ANTHOPHORA sp. San José del Cabo, L. Cal. (sez).
Occurs also in California proper. A small species re-
lated to A. exzgua Cr.
XYLOCOPA ARIZONENSIS Cress. Comondu (March),
El Rancho Viejo (April) and El Paraiso (April and May).
Collected by Haines. Six females.
XYLOCOPA ORPIFEX Sm. Comondu (March), El Pa-
raiso (May). Collected by Haines. Seven females, one
male.
XyuLocopa sp. A large black species, which may be
22 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
the aenzpennis DeG. San José del Cabo, L. Cal. (£7zsen).
Twenty females, nineteen males.
XYLOCOPA VARIPUNCTATA Patt. Five females, two
males. This species is closely allied to the West Indian
X. cubecola, but is larger, the vertex is more closely
punctured and the wings of the female are darker. The
6 is as in cubeco/a entirely fulvous. San José del Cabo
(Eisen) and Comondu (/fazves), March.
CENTRIS LANOSA Cress. San José del Cabo (£7zsen),
Calmalli Mines, April and Calamujuet, May (//aznes),
and Hermosillo, Sonora (#7sen) April. This species is
very likely identical with C. mexzcana Sm.
CentTrRis sp. A male specimen from San José del
Cabo, L. Cal. (#zsen), which is evidently a new species,
but unfortunately is too poor for describing, having been
in alcohol. The whole insect is covered with a dense
ashy-grey pubescence.
CENTRIS EISENII n. sp.
® —Black; a-transverse mark on anterior part jon
clypeus, from the middle of which there extends a line
nearly to the base of clypeus, sides of face, labrum and
spot at base of mandibles, whitish-yellow; flagellum be-
neath except first joint, testaceous; front and cheeks
clothed with whitish pubescence, that on the vertex a very
dark brown; dorsulum and scutellum with a brownish-
yellow pubescence, darkest on anterior part of dorsulum;
the thorax on sides and beneath with pubescence similar
to that on the cheeks; the four anterior legs clothed
with a short brown pubescence in front, behind with
long whitish pubescence; scopa of posterior legs darker
than the pubescence on sides of thorax and much paler
than that on the dorsulum; abdomen above sparsely
clothed with a short black pubescence, the second, third,
HYMENOPTERA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. 23
fourth and fifth segments with a broad, bright yellow
band; ventrally the abdomen on the sides is fulvous, the
middle part black, segments two to five with a fringe of
long, white pubescence; wings sub-hyaline, nervures and
stigma black; clypeus strongly and sparsely punctured;
labrum densely clothed with pale pubescence, which is
longest anteriorly. Length, 16-20 mm:
Guaymas, Mex. (/7sen). May. Resembles very much
and is related to Centris fasciata Smith, from Jamaica,
but is distinct in having the pygidium larger, the pubes-
cence on thorax darker and the scape is entirely black.
BoMBUS CALIFORNICUS Sm. El Rosario, L. Cal.
(Haines). May. ‘Two specimens.
BoMBUS SONORENSIS Say. San José del Cabo (£vsez)
and Comondu (/faznes), L. Cal. March. Seven females
and six neuters.
Apis MELLIFICA Linn. San José del Cabo (£7zsen).
Calamujuet, San Borgia and E] Paraiso, L. Cal. (/Taines).
May. Numerous specimens.
ADDITIONAL SPECIES.
Since compiling the preceding paper Mr. Eisen has
sent me a small collection from San José del Cabo, which
contains the following additional species:
NOTOGONIA ARGENTATA Bve. (=Larra argentata Bve).
One 4 specimen.
POMPILUS CONNEXUS DN. sp.
@ .—Head {and thorax black; abdomen dark ferrugi-
nous; head, thorax and legs covered with a plumbeous or
cinereus pile, except the vertex, dorsulum and scutellum,
the pronotum above also lacks this pile medially, the pile
on its posterior margin connected with that on its anterior
portion by a narrow central line of pile; wings blue-
black, third submarginal cell not at all petiolate, with a
24 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
distinct radial or marginal side, and receives the second
recurrent nervure at about the middle; flagellum of an-
tenne not pilose, its first joint about as long as the sec-
ond and two-thirds of the third; clypeus slightly in-
curved medially; posterior margin of pronotum bowed
(in one specimen slightly sub-angular); metathorax with
a slightly impressed line; tibiz and tarsi armed with stout
spines; claws armed with an acute tooth near the base;
comb on fore tarsi composed of long and stout spines,
which are nearly as long as the first joint; longer spur
of hind tibia equal to about half the length of the first
hind tarsal joint; abdomen much longer than head and
thorax united, apically with a few black hairs. Length,
14-16 mm.
San José del Cabo, L. Cal. (#zsen). Two specimens.
Evidently related to P. apzculatus Smith, from Vera
Cruz.
AGAPOSTEMON NASUTUS Sm. Three specimens.
CENTRIS MUSTELINA N. sp.
? .—Head and thorax black, the abdomen and legs
tawny, mandibles at base and apex yellow; clypeus, la-
brum and first three or four joints of antenna also
tawny; flagellum beneath, particularly towards apex, tes-
taceous; head, thorax, first abdominal segment entirely,
a fringe at apex of fifth segment, and likewise at apex of
ventral segments, with pale ochraceous pubescence, that
on the clypeus very short and appressed; mandibles
fringed with long pubescence; hind tibia and tarsi dark
brownish, their pubescence tawny; wings sub-hyaline,
not iridescent; excluding the long hairs, the abdomen is
more or less covered witha short appressed pubescence;
apical ventral segment emarginate; tegule testaceous.
Length, 18 mm.
é .—Colored like the female, except that the most of
HYMENOPTERA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. 2
On
the clypeus and labrum is yellowish; pubescence on legs
very short when compared to the other sex; sixth dorsal
abdominal segment armed with a large tooth on each ex-
treme side, the seventh dorsal large, subquadrate, its sides
contracted, and with two strong, widely separated and
slightly converging ridges, which extend from the base
to near apex, the latter is slightly reflexed and black, the
last ventral segment is depressed on each side, the de-
pressions bounded outwardly by an oblique ridge, near
the apex of this segment there are two widely separated
tubercles, which are sometimes connected with the oblique
ridges which margin the lateral depressions. Length,
18 mm.
San José del Cabo, L. Cal. (Z#zsen). One 2 and eight
6 specimens.
EXOMALOPSIS PULCHELLA Cress. One female speci-
men, that seems to be this West Indian species.
ON A COLLECTION OF FORMICIDA FROM LOWER
CALIFORNIA AND SONORA, MEXICO.
BY THEO. PERGANDE.
The determination and description of Formicide can
only be accomplished in a satisfactory way if large series
ot specimens, taken from the colonies, are available for
examination and comparison. It was with some reluc-
tance, therefore, that I have undertaken the task of de-
termining the small collection of ants which was brought
together by Mr. Gustav Eisen and Mr. Chas. D. Haines
of San Francisco, Cal. If I have ventured to describe
some of the species as new, it has been done after a
thorough study of the literature on the subject and after
a careful comparison with the material at my command.
FORMICIDE.
I. CAMPONOTUS MACULATUS Fab., race OCREATUS Em.
One 8 major, one & minor. San Luis and San Es-
teban.
This race is found as far north as the Panamint Mount-
ains, Cal:
The description of this new race by Prof. C. Emery
will shortly be published in the Zoologische Jahrbicher.
2. CAMPONOTUS FRAGILIS N. sp.
S major: Length, 7-9 mm. MHoney-yellow; posterior
angles of the head, the femora and scale somewhat paler ;
the face between the eyes, the clypeus, disk of pro-
thorax and the abdomen above, except a broad anterior
margin of the second and third segments, brownish.
Scape blackish beyond the middle. Eyes black. Man-
dibles reddish. Pubescence yellowish, long and slender,
densest on the head, thorax and abdomen, sparse along
external edge of anterior femora, with a few hairs only
at the basal third or fourth of the external edge of the
2p SER., Vou. IV. September 19, 1893.
FORMICID4At FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. 2
“I
median and posterior femora. A few shorter and stiffer
hairs may also be observed at the apex of the femora.
Appressed pubescence minute, intermixed on the scape
with fine, erect hairs. Head about one-third broader
than the thorax, broadest at posterior angles and gently
decreasing in width towards the mandibles, emarginate
behind, with the posterior angles rounded. Clypeus trun-
cate in front, its median carina distinct. Surface of head
and thorax densely and finely granulated and sparsely
punctured. Abdomen with a still finer sculpture and
somewhat transversely striated. Mandibles smooth, with
scattered piliferous punctures; their apical edge with six
black teeth. Antenne slender, the scape reaching a
little beyond the posterior angles of the head. Scale
ovoid, broadest beyond the middle, stoutest at base,
slightly arcuate in front, almost straight behind. Legs
long and slender.
6 minor: Length, 5-7 mm. General color somewhat
paler than in the 8 major, the head and thorax without
darker shadings, the abdomen either faintly brownish
or only the sutures somewhat darker. Median and pos-
terior femora almost white. Head about twice as long
as broad, scarcely broader than the thorax; its sides
parallel, rounded beyond the eyes. Antenne longer and
more slender, the scape reaching nearly to the meso-
thorax.
It is a very delicate looking species.
The % minor resembles very much that of Camp.
melleus Say, though it is smaller, more delicate, with
the head not emarginate. Camp. melleus differs from it
also in the absence of erect hairs on the scape and in the
stouter scale.
This species resembles also somewhat Camp. atlantis
Forel, differing from it however in the form of the cly-
258 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
peus, which, in that species, is narrower and considerably
extended beyond the insertion of the mandibles.
Many specimens. ‘Taken at San José del Cabo and at
San Fernando.
3. CAMPONOTUS FUMIDUS Rog.
Camp. fumidus Rog., Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vii, p. 151.
One 9. San Julio:
4. CAMPONOTUS MARGINATUS LItr., var.
Formica marginata Ltr., Hist. Fourm., p. 103.
Camponotus marginatus Rog., Berl. Ent. Zts., 1862, p. 292.
Formica fallax Nyl., Form. Fr., p. 57.
Camponotus fallax Mayr, Europ. Form., p. 56.
Formica discolor Buckley, Pr. Ent. Soc. Phil., 1866, p. 166.
Formica San Sabeana, Buckley, ibid., p. 167.
One 8. San Julio.
This variety is black and polished, with the scape of
the antenna and the legs dark brownish.
Similar forms are found at Washington, D. C., and in
Florida. This form differs from them, however, in hav-
ing a distinct constriction or suture between the meso-
and metanotum and in the shape of the scale. It may
possibly represent a new species, though I am not pre-
pared to describe it as new from a single specimen.
5. CAMPONOTUS ERYTHROPUS D. sp.
% major, 5-7 mm; & minor,4—5mm. Opaque black,
the abdomen slightly polished. Mandibles and anterior
margin of head dark cherry-brown. Antenne, tibia and
tars1 reddish, the tarsi somewhat darker; rest of legs
black. In the smaller specimens the middle and posterior
tibia are sometimes blackish beyond the middle. Eyes
brown. Pubescence white, glistening, rather long and
quite profuse. Hairs on the head above insertion of an-
tennze as well as those on the thorax and base of first
abdominal segment finer and more slender than those on
the abdomen. Hairs in front of the insertion of the an-
FORMICIDA! FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. 29
tenne and those on the mandibles, short and stiff. Pu-
bescence of the legs still shorter and more or less ap-
pressed, excepting a few longer and erect hairs at the
knees; a few longer hairs may also be observed on the
scape of the antenne.
Head of % major about one-half broader than the
thorax, though but slightly broader in the % minor; shghtly
longer than wide, somewhat broadest behind; its sides
above insertion of the antenna almost parallel, gently
curving towards the mandibles, distinctly emarginate
behind in the % major, but almost straight in the &
minor. Clypeus straight or but faintly emarginate in
front; its median carina rather indistinct. Frontal area
‘minute, triangular. Eyes ovoid and considerably above
the middle of the face, their upper edge almost in a line
with the upper angles of the frontal carina; those of the
% minor almost lateral. Antenna of the § major rather
stout, the scape scarcely reaching beyond posterior angles
of the head, more slender and longer inthe % minor.
Mandibles with five or six teeth, their basal half or more
finely striated, the rest smooth and with scattered pilifer-
ous punctures. Head and thorax finely and densely
granulated, with coarse punctures between the frontal
carine and short, radiating, linear depressions on the
vertex of the % major. Prothorax somewhat flattened
above.
Scale stout, broadest and truncate at apex, with the
hind angles rounded; of equal thickness from base to
about two-thirds its length; apical third inclining back-
ward; the posterior face perpendicular. Abdomen with
dense and fine transverse striae and scattered piliferous
punctures.
This species appears to be related to Camp. novogran-
adensis Mayr, from which it differs, however, in its
30 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
flattened and more angular prothorax, the stouter scale,
finer pubescence and in the coloration of antennae and
legs.
Described from many specimens, taken at San Esteban,
San Jorge, El Paraiso, San Julio, San José de Gracias
and San José del Cabo.
6. MyRMECOCYSTUS MEXICANUS Wesm.
Myrmecocystus mexicanus Wesm., Bull. Ac. r. sc. et bell. lett.
BEUxs Vay 630; ps a1:
One &. Santa Maria:
7. DORYMYRMEX PYRAMICUS Rog.
Prenolepis pyramicus Rog., Berl. Ent. Zts., 1863, p. 160.
Formica insana Buckley, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., 1866, p. 165.
Dorymyrmex insanus McCook and var. flavus McCook, Cotton Ins.,
1879, pp. 185 and 186.
Two 8%. Magdalena Island.
Differs from the typical form only in the entirely black
antenne and legs.
8. TAPINOMA SESSILE Say, var.
Formica sessile Say, Boston Journ. N. H. §., I, p. 287.
Tapinoma boreale Rog., Berl. Ent. Zts., 1863, p. 165.
Tapinoma boreale Mayr, Myrm. Beitr., Sitzb. d. k. Acad. d. Wis-
sensch., lil, 1866.
Formica parva Buckl., Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., 1866, p. 159.
Fifteen 8 8. Margarita Island and San Jorge.
The genus Tapinoma, as far as known at present, is
represented in North America by but one species with
numerous varieties, varying in size and coloration, all of
which pass so gradually from one to the other that it is
almost hopeless to separate them satisfactorily. The
present form is smaller and paler than most of those
found in the United States, and comes nearest to var. 7.
boreale Rog.; I hesitate, therefore, without having a
knowledge of the sexes, to describe this form as new.
FORMICIDA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. 31
MYRMICIDZ.
g. PSEUDOMYRMA sp.
One %. Calmalli mines.
This may be but a variety of Pseuwdomyrma thoracica
Nort., though the specimen is only about half the size.
The principal difference appears to be its coloration.
Sufficient additional material would be needed to settle
the question of identity.
10, . ATTA-VERSICOLOR 0; sp.
%. Length, about 6 mm. Color reddish-brown.
Eyes and apical edge of mandibles, black. All de-
pressions and all prominences appear to be black in a
certain light, while the nodes and the abdomen, if viewed
from above or in certain directions from the side, have a
bright coppery reflection.
Head wider than long, deep and angularly emarginate
behind; a rather broad, shallow frontal channel and
laterally carinated area beyond insertion of antenne.
Posterior angles of head rounded and with a row of six
or more short denticles, the last one somewhat longest;
three or more teeth may also be observed along the pos-
terior ventral edge each side, the anterior one of which
being longest. Frontal lamina broad, somewhat longer
than wide, bifid at upper angle; interno-ocular carina
distinct, curved inwards. -Clypeus broadly triangular,
slightly arcuate in front, with a slight median emargina-
tion. Mandibles large, triangular, their apical edge al-
most straight and furnished with four to six blunt, rudi-
mentary teeth. Scape of antenne rather short, reaching
but little beyond posterior angles of the head. Thorax
of the usual shape in this genus.
Prothorax with two stout spines each side, the anterior
pair farthest apart, longest, inclining forward, the other
two stouter, directed backward and outward; two short,
32 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
stout, backward directed median tubercles or spines in
front of the middle of the mesothorax and a still shorter
one each side of them at the anterior margin. Meta-
thorax with a deep median depression, the upper edges
quite acute, terminating anteriorly in a small tooth-like
projection. Metathoracic spines rather long and slender,
curved backward and outward.
First node of petiole triangular from a lateral view, its
two dorsal and the lateral faces quite flat, the edges
acute; the upper edges are provided anteriorly with two
short, stout teeth, and laterally with two to three smaller
denticles each side; there is also a forward directed,
acute ventral tooth at base. Second node wider than
long, rounded in front and at sides, truncate behind, con-
cave above, the edges acute and beset with four or five
short, acute teeth; there is also a prominent lateral carina,
furnished with four or five teeth, and two ventral teeth.
Abdomen of the normal shape, the first segment with
a depressed median line, and each lateral half with about
twenty-five teeth, some of them bifid, arranged in irregu-
lar rows. The other segments without teeth or tubercles.
Head, pro- and mesothorax rugoso-granulate; the
metathorax, legs, nodes and abdomen densely and finely
granulate. Erect pubescence stiff and blackish, the
appressed pubescence yellowish.
Two %. Taken at Calamujuet.
This appears to be related to A. coronata Fab., which
differs from this species in the comparatively smoother
surface of every part of the body, the longer mandibles
and antenne, more numerous and longer denticles of the
head, much longer spines of the thorax, lower anterior
node and larger and more flattened posterior node of the
petiole.
FORMICIDZE FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. 33
Iz. POGONOMYRMEX BADIUS Ltr.
Formica badia Ltr., Hist. Fourm., p. 238.
Myrmica californica Buckley, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., 1867, p. 336.
Pogonomyrmex badius Mayr, Verh. d. k. k. zool.-bot. Gesellsch.,
1870, p. 971.
One 8. San Fernando.
12. PoGONOMYRMEX BADIUS Ltr., var. ESTEBANIUS
n. var.
2. Length, about 9 mm. Color yellowish-red, the
abdomen darker; the first segment with broad, black-
ish apical and lateral margins. Eyes black. General
sculpture nearly identical with that of the typical form.
but slightly stronger on the declivity of the metanotum
and nodes. The first node is also somewhat larger, its
sides more parallel, and the apex of the hump not so
acute; while the stigma is black instead of being yellow.
%. Length, 6-7 mm. Color darker red than in the
typical form; the apical third, or more, of the abdomen
more or less blackish, and the nodes often brown; the
petiole is more slender and the first node longer and less
erect; the apex rounded or sometimes but slightly
pointed.
Two 2? and many §8 8. Calmalli Mines, San Es-
teban.
A few specimens from Margarita Island and San Bor-
gia have the entire abdomen and the first node black, or
very dark brown, while the second node is generally
either brown or reddish and only occasionally black.
13. APHA=NOGASTER PERGANDEI Mayr.
Aphenogaster Pergandei Mayr, Verh. d. k. k. zool.-bot. Gesellsch.,
1886, p. 448.
Twenty 8%. San Borgia and Calamujuet.
This species has been found as far north as San Ber-
paramo Gor, Cal.
2D SER., Vou. IV. (3?) September 19, 1893
34 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
14. APHANOGASTER SONORZ N. sp.
%. Length, 7-9 mm. Reddish-brown; declivity of
metathorax, inner face of its thorns and more or less of
base of first abdominal segment reddish. Eyes blackish-
brown. The whole insect is highly polished and rather
sparsely beset with medium sized, erect, pale and glisten-
ing, stiff hairs, which are densest on the head and ventral
side of the abdomen, longest and finer on the under side
of the head, the coxe and ventral side of abdomen; those
on under side of head are longest and gently curved for-
ward, similar to those of Pogonomyrmex. Pubescence
of antenne shortest and somewhat appressed.
Head almost twice as long as broad, slightly broadest
at insertion of mandibles, gently rounded beyond the
eyes, with the posterior emargination almost semicircular,
and about as broad as the prothorax. Its surface is
densely and finely striated, the stria extending but little
beyond the eyes, except those along the middle of the
face, which extend a little farther back, their ends curv-
ing inward and becoming confluent. Spaces between
the striza dense but finely granulated. Lower portions of
cheeks and the vertex beyond the striz polished and
faintly shragreened. Clypeus broadly triangular, slightly
arcuate in front; the spaces between the stria smooth.
Frontal area small, triangular, smooth or faintly granu-
lated posteriorly. Mandibles large, densely striated, with
a few coarse, scattered punctures; their apical edge pro-
vided with two large teeth at the apex and two or three
rudimentary teeth along the edge. Antenne long and
slender, the scape reaching beyond the posterior margin
of the head; the first joint of the flagellum is about five
times as long as wide, the others gradually decreasing in
length, the last somewhat longer than the penultimate
joint.
FORMICIDZA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. 35
Thorax much elongated, almost twice as long as the
head, the divisions but feebly indicated. Prothorax and
dorsum of mesothorax polished and delicately shagreened ;
the metathorax and sides of the mesothorax with dense,
transverse striae; the posterior declivity and thorns of the
metathorax smooth and polished, the thorns with longi-
tudinal striz at base. Thorns large, gently curved, in-
clining backward. Nodes of the petiole polished, faintly
shagreened, each with two longitudinal, impressed lines
above; the highest point of the first node slightly inclin-
ing forward; second node pyriform, stoutest posteriorly.
Abdomen highly polished, with scattered piliferous punc-
tures, those of the first segment prolonged posteriorly in
a depressed line of the length of the hairs. Legs long,
slender and highly polished, the hairs denser and shorter
than on the rest of the body.
Four % %. Hermosillo, Sonora.
This may possibly be but a variety of ADA. albisetosa
Mayr, from the description of which it appears to differ
in the shape and sculpture of the thorax.
I5. SOLENOPSIS GEMINATA Fab.
Atta geminates Fab., Syst. Piez., p. 423.
Myrmica paleata Lund, Ann. Sc. Nat., 1831, p. 116.
Solenopsis mandibularis Westw., Ann. Mag. N. H., vi, 1841, p. 87.
Myrmica Gayi Spin., Hist. Chile, vi, 1851.
Myrmica virulens Sms., Cat. Brit. Mus., 1858, p. 132.
Atta clypeata Sm., Cat. Brit. Mus., 1858, p. 169.
Myrmica sevissima Sm., Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond., n.s., iii, 1855, p. 166.
Solenopsis cephalotes Sm., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., iii, 1859, p. 149.
Cremastogaster laboriosus Sm., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., v, suppl., 1861,
Dog:
Diplorhoptrum Drewseni Mayr, Europ. Form., 1861, p. 73.
Myrmica glaber and polita Sm., Trans. Ent. Soc., 3d Ser., 1862, p. 34.
Atta coloradensis Buckley, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vi, 1866, p. 346.
Solenopsis xyloni McCook, Rep. on Cotton Ins., 1879., p. 188.
Four % & major, three 8 % minor. Comondu and
Patrocinio.
36 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
The varieties of this species are almost as numerous
as its synonyms. Very common in the West Indies,
Florida, Alabama, Louisiana, Texas, California, Mexico,
Central and South America.
16. CREMASTOGASTER LINEOLATA Say.
Myrmica lineolata Say., Boston Jour. Nat. Hist., 1, 1857, p. 290.
Cremastogaster lineolata Mayr, Verh. d.k.k. zool.-bot. Gesellsch.,
1866, p. 901.
Myrmica noveboracensis Buckley, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., 1866, p.
337.
Myrmica (Monomorium) marylandica Buckley, tbid., p. 339.
Myrmica (Monomorium) columbiana Buckley, ibid., p. 340.
(codoma (Atta) arborea Buckley, ibid., p. 349.
Cremastogaster coarctata Mayr, Neue Formiciden, 1870, p. 992.
Cremastogaster lineolata McCook, Cotton Ins., 1879, p. 187.
Oremastogaster lineolata Mayr, Verh. d. k. k. zool.-bot. Gesellsch.,
1886, p. 462.
Five &%, San Jorge, San José de Gracias, San
Ignacio.
This species is represented in North America by
numerous forms, some of which, after careful study of
long series of colonies from different parts of the country,
may at least be entitled to variety names.
TUNICATA OF THE PACIFIC COAST OF NORTH
AMERICA. I.—PEROPHORA ANNECTENS N. SP.
BY WILLIAM E. RITTER.
While the summer work in biology of the University
of California was being carried on at Pacific Grove, dur-
ing the month of July, 1892, my special attention was
given to the Tunicates of that locality. All the rocky
shores of Monterey Bay, particularly those of the south-
ern, or Monterey side, are very rich in this group of
animals.
A large collection was made by myself and students,
and the paper here presented is a portion of the results
of the study begun on the living animals at the seaside,
and continued on preserved material brought back to
Berkeley. In my efforts to reach conclusions concerning
the variations that were early found to be conspicuous in
the form under observation, I have been able to compare
a larger number of individuals than would have been
possible but for the assistance rendered me by one of
my students, Mr. S. J. Holmes, who has prepared many
specimens for examination. I may here say, however,
that although I have examined many hundreds of indi-
viduals, and with considerable detail, as far as general
anatomy is concerned, I am satisfied that I have not pur-
sued the subject to the extent that it deserves. I antici-
pate that further study along this line will yield interest-
ing results.
The species in hand is a Perophora, as I believe the
sequel will show to the satisfaction of every one acquainted
with this genus and its nearest congeners. But the in-
teresting fact may be pointed out at once that the char-
acteristic of chief importance for distinguishing it from
the other species of the same genus, would, according to
2D SER., VOL. IY. October 26, 1893.
38 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
some of the schemes of tunicate classification recognized
at present, place it ina different family from that to which
the genus Perophora is assigned; or, by other schemes, in
a different suborder. The character to which I refer is
this: J/z very many, though not all, of the colontes the
ascediozoords are as completely imbedded in a common test
as they are tn Botryllus or Goodstria.
The distinction between ‘‘ simple ’’ and ‘* compound,”’
as applied to Ascidians, the importance of which has
diminished in the same ratio that our knowledge of the
group has increased, is reduced to 27/ by the discovery of
this form, so far as its value in determining affinities is
concerned.
Down to Savigny’s time (716) the compound Tunicates
had not been distinctly recognized as Tunicates, but had
been generally regarded as Alcyonaria. This author
made clear their true nature, and grouped them together
under the name 7¢¢hys composées, as opposed to the 7¢thys
simples .*
After this Lister (°34) made the first of the long series
of discoveries that has finally resulted in establishing a
most perfect gradual transition from the one group to the
other. Itis an interesting fact that his discovery was
that of the first Perophora known to science. In it he
showed that the ascidiozooids of a colony are all con-
nected together by stolons, through which the blood flows
constantly and regularly from one to another. Clavelina
was known to Savigny, but he seems not to have been
aware that it reproduces by gemination, and he placed it
among his 7¢¢hys semples. ‘The discovery of this latter fact
was made by Milne-Edwards (’42). This author invest-
igated this and its allied forms in his usual careful manner,
“I have not had access to any of Savigny’s original works, but take this
from Jones (48, pp. 5 and 7).
PEROPHORA ANNECTENS. 39
recognized its intermediate position between the simple
and compound Ascidians, because of its power of repro-
ducing by budding, and in conclusion he says: ‘“ Je
proposerai aussi de donner a ce groupe intermédaire le
nom de: SECTION DES ASCIDIES SOCIALES’’ (p. 266).
And in this new section he placed also the one species ot
Perophora then known. The two divisions of Savigny
were retained, with simply the substitution of the name
ewAgcigies . dor ° sl éthys.+
These three co-ordinate sections, thus established by
Milne-Edwards, were recognized by many writers, and
not particularly opposed by any, until Herdman’s (80)
preliminary report on the Tunicates collected by the
Challenger Expedition was made. In this collection this
author discovered a new genus, belonging to the same
family as Clavelina, named by him Ecteinascidia, which
difters from Ciona, a genus of simple Ascidians,
chiefly in the fact that it reproduces by budding. But
he affirms that both Ciona and Ascidia are sometimes
found to possess stolons (’82, p. 238). He concluded
that the transition between the ‘‘Asczdzes simples’? and
the ‘*Ascrdies sociales’’ of Milne-Edwards is so complete
that the latter can no longer be regarded as a natural
group. He therefore discarded it and united all the
genera included in it (Herdman, ‘91, p. 599*, and Gars-
tang, 91, pp. 50, 57 and 62), in one family, the Clavel-
inide of the Ascidiz Simplices.
Finally, Garstang (91, pp. 48 and 49) declares it as his
belief that ‘‘ the division of the Ascidiacea into the sub-
orders Ascrdie@ simplices, Ascidie composite and Ascidie
* The conjecture here made by Prof. Herdman, that Clavelinopsis rubra
Fewkes, from the California coast, does not belong to the Clavelinide, is
correct. It is not a Bo/tenia, however, but a Styela, probably an unde-
scribed species, though I have not yet studied it with sufficient care to say
with certainty.
40 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
salpiformes, so completely disregards the admitted inter-
relationships between various sections of these groups,
that its adoption seems to me to involve the rejection of
any morphological, and therefore genetic, meaning in
classification altogether.’’ This author, therefore, drops
these three suborders entirely, and simply groups the
genera together into families.
As already said, incidentally, the first Perophora was
described by Lister (’34). He did not name it, however,
this having been done by Wiegmann (735 ),who established
the genus for it and designated it specifically by the name
of its discoverer.
Since that time, three more undoubted species, includ-
ing the one that is the subject of the present paper, have
been added to the genus.
The first of these three, P. Wutchinson7, from Austra-
lia, was described by Macdonald (’59). The second,
from the New England coast of North America, was de-
senbed by Verrll (71).0 Whistise?:. wexcdes.
In recognition of the interesting transitional character
of the one here made known, I propose for it annectens
as a specific name.
DIAGNOSIS OF THE SPECIES.
Colonies irregular in form and size, the larger ones two or more inches in
length. Mostly encrusting on sticks, stones, sea weeds, and on other
Tunicates, particularly Clavelina. Color—pale greenish yellow.
Zooids about 14 mm. long by 1 mm. wide, short-oblong, laterally com-
pressed, generally crowded together, and wholly embedded in the com-
mon test, but frequently remote and with only the basal portion of the
body embedded in the thick testicular mass surrounding the stolons.
Test mostly thick, forming a common envelope for the ascidiozooids and
stolons. Transparent.
Stolons much branched, anastomosing freely, provided with numerous
lateral and terminal knobs, these confined to the layer of test corres-
ponding to the bases of the zooids.
PEROPHORA ANNECTENS. 41
Apertures both terminal, branchial six lobed, atrial five or six lobed
(though the number of lobes is not constant for either orifice). A ya-
riable number of yellow pigment spots on the lobes of the branchial
opening.
Tentacles about twelve in number (frequently more), of different lengths,
irregularly scattered on the inner surface of the branchial siphon.
Irregular in arrangement.
Branchial Apparatus. Stigmata in four circles, about eighteen in each
half circle. Horizontal membranes present. Internal papille con-
spicuous, each consisting of a post-like connecting bar, from near the
inner end of which project two processes, the one anterior, the other
posterior. Dorsal languets three in number, one for each transverse
vessel. Each turned to the right side.
Duct of the neural gland is funnel-shaped, opening to the right of the
median line.
Genitalia situated in the loop of the digestive tube, the testes exceedingly
variable as to the number of its lobes, from one to eight having been
observed in different individuals.
I. GENERAL DESCRIPTION.
As thus defined, the species is not certainly known to
exist elsewhere than in Monterey Bay. I have collected
Perophora at Point Reyes, north of San Francisco Bay,
and at Santa Catalina Island, off the coast of Southern
California. But at neither of these points, nor elsewhere
on our coast, though I have searched quite carefully at
several places, have I found the compounded form. In
addition to the difference in this regard, there are cer-
tain other differences, greater or less in different colonies,
and apparently different localities, that may be sufficient
in extent and constancy to make it worth while to recog-
nize other species than the one now described.
I leave the question as to what shall be done with the
Perophora of our coast that can hardly, in the present
state of our knowledge, be included in the new species,
as I have defined it, because it seems to me wiser to ten-
tatively leave a partially known group without a name,
pending further investigation, than to tentatively name
42 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
such a group, as is the practice of systematists in some
quarters, with a large probability that the literature of the
subject will thereby be permanently befogged for future
students.
At extreme low tide, the species is abundant at Pacific
Grove, though rather less so than numerous other
species of compound Tunicates with which it is associated.
It grows upon rocks, sea weeds, larger sertularian
hydroids and other common objects of the shore, but
particularly on another Tunicate, a large, undetermined
species of Clavelina, that is common here. To what
depths it extends I do not know. None have been taken
by the dredge, for our dredging at Monterey was con-
fined to sandy bottoms where the Perophora would not
be likely to occur to any considerable extent.
The colonies in which the ascidiozooids are most com-
pletely embedded in the common testicular mass and are
most crowded, are found on such objects as present a
rather even surface, over which they may spread. Thus
in many instances the large individuals, an inch and more
in length, of the Clavelina, already mentioned, are found
to be almost completely covered over by a coating of the
Perophora colony.
Fig. 2, pl. i, represents asmall portion of a colony of this
kind, twice its natural size, situated ona twig of sea weed.
Only the basal portion of the colony is figured, the pur-
pose being to show not only the crowded condition of the
zooids, but also the fact that a few individuals (7. zo.) of
the colony are isolated. It should be mentioned, how-
ever, that in no case have I found one of these isolated
zooids, in a colony of this kind, raised at all from the
stolon ona peduncle, as is the case in some of the species
ofthegenus. Fig. 4, pl.i, represents the margin of another
colony of the same kind on a leaf of eel grass. The con-
PEROPHORA ANNECTENS. 43
dition here shown is quite characteristic. At the extreme
edge of the colony there is a narrow, irregular belt of the
testicular mass, in which only the stolonic vessels with
their numerous short, knob-like: branches, their anasto-
mosings, and young zooids are seen. This is Par excel-
lence the growing region of the colony. One rarely, if
ever, finds young buds in other than this marginal zone,
though in some cases they are found in what might be
called the proximal portion of the colony, where there
are long stretches of stolonic vessels bearing few zooids.
The region in which the isolated zooids are shown in fig.
2 is one of this kind, and some of these are not fully de-
veloped. Why few or no zooids are present in these re-
gions I am not sure, but think it possible that they have
died and fallen away. It will be seen in fig. 4, pl. 1, that the
vessels do not extend into the test which is situated around
and between the zooids; they are confined, for the most
part, to the layer that forms the contact with the substratum
of the colony. Their branching is mostly in a plane par-
allel to the surface on which the colony rests. his latter
condition is well shown by the section represented in fig. 7,
pl. i. A section of a portion of the testicular mass in which
zooids are present, but vessels are not, is shown in fig. 5,
pl.i. In some cases, the partition of test that separates two
zooids is exceedingly thin, while in other cases it is of
considerable thickness. In certain colonies, the zooids are
so closely crowded together that they appear on cursory
examination to have acommon test; more careful inspec-
tion, however, discovers that this is not so; that the test is
not continuous from zooid to zooid; they are only in con-
tact with oneanother. This having been found to be the
case in some colonies, it seemed quite possible that in other
cases, where the test appeared to be a unit for the whole
colony; where the zooids could not be separated by me-
44 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
chanical means, that this might be due to a still closer
crowding together of the zooids, and that sections would
reveal planes of contact between the tests of the different
individuals. However, such examination proves beyond
the possibility of a doubt that no such contact planes
exist. As is shown by fig. 5, pl. i, which is drawn
from a section of one of these colonies, the test is con-
tinuous from one zooid to another, entirely without inter-
ruption.
From the facts thus presented, the question arises, has
this fully compounded condition been produced by such a
crowding of the adult zooids of the colony that the tests
have become fused by mutual pressure, aided, perhaps,
by the constant renewal of the test by growth? Is
it not possible that since these individuals of a colony
have a common blood system, their tests grow together
when brought in contact, after something the same fashion
that the severed surfaces of a wound grow together when
brought in contact? And it is possible that the process
may be assisted by the slight irritation that would be pro-
duced on the surfaces in contact. One fact seems to
favor such a view. Colonies may be found in which the
individuals, though each possessing its own test, are still
so closely pressed that they adhere to one another to such
an extent as to admit of separation only with considerable
force. That complete obliteration of the plane of contact
ever takes place in this manner, I have, however, not
been able to demonstrate. But even if the compound-
ing is ever produced in this way, or was so produced
phylogenetically, it is very easy to show that it is not now
so produced ontogenetically. The developing individuals
in these colonies are from the beginning as completely
buried in the common test as are the adults. Figure 1
represents a small portion of the tip of one of the much
PEROPHORA ANNECTENS. 45
crowded, but not compounded colonies. This is natural
size, and the number and arrangement of the zooids are
reproduced as faithfully as possible.
The appearance of the zooids when taken from the
test is fairly well represented by fig. 3, pl. i, the outlines
of which were drawn by the aid of a camera lucida. As
compared with the other known species of the genus, the
approximately spherical form and the terminal position of
both orifices are noticeable. When the anterior end of
the fully expanded living zooid is looked down upon, the
outline presented is that of a rather broad ellipse with the
two orifices situated at the foci.
The ease with which the zooids can be removed from
the test in the fully compounded colonies is worthy of
mention. In a preserved colony that has been cut in
pieces, they may be picked from their little cavities in the
test, reminding one of the way in which very young frog
embryos may be picked from their gelatinous envelop.
The only points at which they seem to be adherent are
the extreme edges of the orifices, and the point of pas-
sage of the blood vessel from the body into the stolon.
When we come to examine the minute structure of the
test and the body layer in contact with it, we shall see
that the union between the two is much more intimate
than appears on gross dissection.
Another point to which attention may well be called
in connection with the general appearance is the course
of the transverse vessels of the branchial sac. The body
is sufficiently transparent to permit these to be seen with
considerable distinctness in a good light. As may be
seen by fig. 3, the planes of these circular vessels are
not situated at a right angle to the antero-posterior axis of
the body, but they all converge on the dorsal side of it.
This convergence is associated with a slight dorsal curv-
46 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
ature of the antero-posterior axis itself. As compared
with the form, of -P..“zsfe72, (ister) 345 \pll. taaiyaio ge)
it is as though the dorsally directed atrial siphon of this
latter species had been brought to an anterior direction
by bending dorsalward the entire posterior portion of the
body. When well distended, the siphons are distinct in
specimens removed from the test; and in such cases the
marginal lobes of them, though not large, may yet be
clearly seen with a slight magnification. In the individual
shown in fig. 3 there were six lobes on the branchial
siphon and five on the atrial. These are the most usual
numbers, but they are not altogether constant. In several
instances I have found six on the atrial also. The size
of the lobes and the spacings between them may vary
considerably. Thus it will be observed in fig. 3, that
the interval between two of the atrial lobes is considerably
wider and deeper than are those between the others.
2. THE LEST AND THE ORIGIN OF ITS) CELLS:
In a majority of the sections which I have examined, the
test presents a uniformly hyaline matrix, in which are
scattered a few cells (figs: 29, 30,31 and 32, Zs... 7765)
The structure is not, however, so simple as this in all
cases, for in several instances a vast number of exceed-
ingly fine granules have been found in the matrix. This
condition I first observed in sections stained on the slide
in Delafeld’s hematoxylin; and as the granules appeared
to be of the color of the stain, I was inclined to think that
they had been deposited from the stain. However,
further examination of sections stained by various other
methods shows that this, at least, is not their origin. In
some cases they are not stained at all, but are seen be-
cause of their being somewhat more refractive than the
testicular matrix. They are not cut fibers, since they
PEROPHORA ANNECTENS. 47
never show as anything else than granules. They are so
excessively small that I have not, even witha ;y oil
immersion objective, been able to determine much of their
nature. From what I have seen in a single specimen
‘stained in borax carmine, I have thought it possible that
they may be bacteria. My grounds for this conjecture
are not, however, very good.
It is a fact worth mentioning, perhaps, that in many
cases there is a layer on the external surface of the test
that takes the stain considerably more readily than do its
remaining portions. This I have observed in sections
stained in various ways. The layer is not, however, an
external epithelium, such as is described by Maurice
(788, p. 58), in the larva of Fragroides. There is, I be-
lieve, but one kind of cells in the test, and this is an im-
portant fact in connection with what I shall maintain to
be their origin. Figs. 29 and 30, pl. 111, represent portions
of test containing several of these cells. The figure was
drawn with great care, with the aid of a Powell and Le-
land ,', oil immersion objective. The more usual condi-
tion is that shown in fig. 29. Here the cells are seen to
be situated in cavities which they do not fill. The nuclei
are by far the most distinct parts of the cells. Indeed, it
is not until one examines them very carefully with high
magnification and with the most favorable light, that he
is able to convince himself that a cell-body can be seen
at all.
I have not attempted to represent the spaces in which
the cells are situated in any of the other figures, and in
many cases they cannot be seen. Occasionally one finds
cells in which the protoplasm is stained somewhat, though
never so deeply as the nucleus. Instances of this kind
are Seen at 7..¢., igs. 29 and 30. It happens not in-
frequently that two cells are found in one capsule (fig.
48 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
29). It is probable that division has recently taken place
in such cases, though I have never noticed a cell in the
act of division.
Two papers have recently appeared which call seri-
ously in question the view generally held by students of
the Tunicata that the cells of the test are of ectodermal
origin. The papers referred to are those of Salensky
(91) and Kowalevsky (’92). The first-mentioned author
refers to the fact that Della Valle has observed the wan-
dering out of ectodermal cells from the ectoderm into the
‘* cellulose mantel,’’ there to become transformed into the
cells characteristic of this layer, and he then adds: ‘‘ Ich
kann eine solche Auswanderung auch fiir die Pyrosomen
gelten lassen, muss aber annehmen, dass der grosste
Theil der ausserhalb des Cyathozoids lhegenden Zellen
von asgewanderten Mesenchymzellen stammt ”’ (p. 12.)
‘* Wenn diese Zellen auswandern, so kann man sie leicht
zwischen den Zellen des Ectoderms erkennen, und
dadurch wird die Entscheidung der oben aufgestellten
Frage tiber die Natur der ausserhalb des Embryos le-
genden Zellen bedeutend erleichtert ’’ (p. 13.)
And the author illustrates the conditions thus described
by figs. 30a and 31.
It was with special reference to this point that Kowal-
evsky’s paper was written, and he dwells upon it in his
text and illustrates it in his plates so fully that there can
be no doubt that in the larval development of Pha//usza
mammilata the species in which he studied the question,
cells of the test are derived from mesenchyme cells which
migrate through the ectoderm.
‘¢ Somit steht es,’’ writes the author (p. 7), ‘‘ wenigsten
fiir die einfachen Ascidien und speciell fiir Phallusia fest,
dass deren Mantelzellen aus dem Mesoderm abstammen;
allen Wahrscheinlichkeit nach wird sich derselbe Process
PEROPHORA ANNECTENS. 49
auch bei den socialen und zusammengesetzten Ascidien
99
constatiren. Salensky’s paper having appeared about
the time, or only shortly before Kowalevsky’s observa-
tions were being made, the latter seems not to have been
aware of what the former had said on this point.
As the testicular mass in these fully compounded col-
onies of Perophora is presumably growing constantly, it
seemed to me that they offered a good opportunity for
testing the assumption of Kowalevsky, quoted above, that
in the social and compound ascidians, also, the test cells
have a mesodermal origin. I have accordingly studied
the point with considerable care, with what results the
sequel will show.
The cells of the test of the growing colony must be
derived from one or more of three sources: First, they
may be the direct descendants of the original cells of the
test of the larva from which the colony has been produced.
Second, they may arise by division from the growing por-
tions of the epithelial linings of the stolonic vessels, or,
what is the same thing, the external epithelium of the
body of the zooid. This epithelium is ectodermal, as we
know from the method of development of the stolon, as
first shown by Kowalevsky (’74). Third, they may arise
from the mesenchymatous cells contained in the blood.
Their origin by the first method I can neither affirm nor
deny, as I have studied neither the development of the
larva nor its first-formed stolons. Even if some of them
do have this origin, certain it is that not all of them do,
as the following account will show.
Their origin by the second method, 7. e., from the
ectoderm, I fully believe does not take place. I have
searched through many sections prepared by many meth-
ods for evidences of it, but have failed utterly to find it.
There remains, then, only the third method by which
2p SER., VOL. IV. (4) October 26, 1893.
O CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
on
they may originate. The evidence on which I base my
belief that they arise by this last method is threefold:
First, the cells of the test are wholly unlike the cells of
the endothelial lining of the stolonic vessels, even at the
tips of the vessels where the endothelium is thickened
because of the growth that is there taking place. Both
the endothelial cells and the test cells are shown in figs.
30 and 31, ed.v. The former invariably contain large,
clear nuclei, usually spherical in regions where growth is
taking place, but sometimes slightly flattened in the plane
of the membrane to which they belong. These nuclei
are from 4 ». to 6. in diameter. Each contains one
large distinct nucleolus. The cell protoplasm, which is
in considerable quantity, stains more distinctly than does
the nuclear matter. There is no cell membrane, and the
cells are irregularly stellate in form, this form being de-
termined in part, no doubt, by mutual contact, though in
preserved specimens they do not appear closely crowded ;
in fact (fig: 3%, pl.. 11) there are often seen aurregulan
spaces between them. This is probably due to slight
shrinkage.
The nuclei of the test cells are, on an average, about
one-half the size of those just described, z.¢., 2% yp. in
?
diameter. (Bigs. 29, 30.and 31; 2. G2, mm. G. and 77miG-s)
A nucleolus can usually, though by no means always, be
detected; but nearly the whole body of the nucleus stains
deeply, so that the nucleolus is never seen in the midst of
a large clear space, as in the case of the nuclei of the
endothelium. In by far the greater number of instances
the cell-body is not seen at all, excepting by the greatest
care and with the aid of high powers and favorable light.
When recognizable, it is sometimes disposed in a uniform
layer around the nucleus, giving the cell, as a whole, an
approximately spherical form; but, more commonly, one
PEROPHORA ANNECTENS. 51
or more blunt processes are seen projecting from it. As
already said, these cells are very frequently situated in
spaces, or capsules in the test matrix. Whether this is
wholly due to the shrinkage of the cells I am not sure.
Even when these cells are found so close to the endothe-
lium as to be actually in contact with it, as very frequently
happens, they are still of the same form, size and struct-
ure. This, of itself, is strong evidence against their
having arisen from this endothelium. It is almost con-
clusive proof that they are not endothelial cells which
have migrated into the test; and if they had arisen from
these cells by division, it would still seem improbable that
they should at once be so different from their mother
cells. Again, it would seem that if they have such an
origin, cases in which the division is going on might be
found. Although I have searched diligently for such
cases my efforts have been in vain.
My second reason for believing the cells of the test to
be derived from the contents of the vessels and the body
spaces is that cells are found here which are, so far as lam
able to make out, precisely similar to the test cells. Figs.
30 and 32, m. c’., pl. iii, show some of these, or rather their
nuclei, in the first figure taken from one of the stolonic
vessels, and in the second from the body space in the
region of the branchial siphon.
Fig. 37, pl. ii, represents three of them from one of
the vessels as they appear under the ;', oil immersion
objective. These are so similar to the cells of the test
in size, form and behavior toward stains that they need
no description. That which has already been given ot
the one applies in every respect to the other.
The third point which I present in evidence for my
contention is that I have found the cells in the process ot
migration through the endothelium. The most convincing
52 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
instance of this is shown in fig. 30, m.c., pl. iii. Although
neither nucleolus nor cell-body could be distinguished in
this, still it differs in no way from many nuclei that are
found on both sides of the membrane, 7. e., within the
vessel and in the test. ‘That it is embedded in the pro-
toplasmic portion of the cells of the endothelium does
not, I think, admit of doubt. I suppose it is passing
between the two cells, the nuclei of which lie each side
Of iit:
The same process of migration is seen also, I believe,
in fig. 31. This is from a section which cuts the endo-
thelium of a vessel tangentially, or rather at a very oblique
angle. Onone side of the section test alone appears,
while on the other side endothelium appears only. It
will be seen that in the region where there is no test three
of “these ‘nucle1, are found. Ofcourse, there is ;enear
danger of error here, since the endothelium is very thin
and cells on its surface on either side may easily be mis-
taken as being situated within it. With this chance of
error in mind, I have studied this and many other similar
sections with care, and have convinced myself that several
instances have been found where the migrating cells are
in the same plane as the nuclei of the endothelial cells.
Figure 32, pl. iii, represents an interesting condition,
which strongly confirms the belief here maintained. The
section is through the point at which the branchial siphon,
already fully formed, so far as the ectodermal membrane
is concerned, is about to break through the test.
What is taking place will be made apparent by com-
paring this figure with fig. 33, which represents a sim-
ilar section of an earlier stage in the formation of the
siphon. Shortly after the breaking through is com-
pleted at the point of fusion of the invaginated ectoder-
mal layer with the wall of the branchial sac, a prolific
-PEROPHORA ANNECTENS. 53
migration of cells takes place into the plug of test that
fills the cavity of the ectodermal invagination. These
cells are always strongly contrasted in their appearance
with the ectodermal cells, and are entirely similar to cells
of the kind already described, which are abundant in the
blood spaces of this region. Although none of these
cells have been found in the process of passing through
the ectoderm at this point, it is still quite possible that
such migrations may have been taking place without
having been detected. All my sections that have shown
this stage of development have been rather densely stained
in this region.
It is thus seen that my results add one more instance
to the two furnished by Salensky and Kowalevsky, in
which cells of the tunicate test are not derived from the
ectoderm but from mesoderm, or rather in the case here
presented, from cells derived from mesoderm; for that
such is the origin of the original cells of the blood in
Tunicates is well known; the source from which the
blood cells are renewed in adult lite is, however, not so
well known. It is quite certain, from the instances of
division of some of them, as is shown m® fig. 36a, that
they are the source of their own renewal—that some of
them, at least, always retain the power of reproduction.
All the cells of the blood are frequently spoken of by
writers on the tunicate morphology as ‘‘ mesenchyme cells
swimming in the blood plasma,”’ e. g., Seeliger, ’82, p.
405.
I must mention here that since completing these ob-
servations on this point, I find that Kowalevsky himself
seems to have seen the same migration of cells from the
blood into the test in Perophora Listerz, twenty years ago.
Thus he says: ‘‘ Souvent encore, ou peut réussir a voir
des globules sanguins hors de la cavité des stolons, contre
54 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
les parois du corps dans le manteau extérieur; ces globules
ont perdu en partie leurs granulations graisseuses et se
sont transformés en cellules voyagueses, puis ont formé
les cellules. manteau,’’ p. 6. He then says he has never
seen the direct passage of these ‘‘ cellules amoeboides ’’
through the wall of the stolon. I am ata loss to know
why Kowalevsky does not recur to this in his recent
paper—whether he does not consider it a case in point,
or whether he had forgotten it.
I have never seen any indication of these cells per-
forming a phagocytic function such as is described by
Metschinkoft and Kowalevsky as taking place in the tests
of other Tunicates. A considerable variety of foreign
bodies is found on the surface and imbedded within the
test of Perophora, but I have searched in vain for any
signs of their being surrounded or ingested by the, test
cells. I have thought it possible that the unusual accu-
mulation of the cells at the point where the branchial
opening is about to form might mean that they are in
some way instrumental in effecting the breaking through
of the test. Of this I have no other proof, however, than
the mere fact of their numerous presence at this point.
It seems to me that a sufficient number of cases suf-
ficiently widely distributed through the Tunicata are
now known to warrant the conclusion that a mesodermal
origin of the cells of the test is very general in the group.
However, with the large amount and excellent quality of
the positive testimony that the ectoderm gives origin to
them also, we are not justified in believing the mesoderm
to be their only source. It is worthy of notice, though,
that numerous writers, particularly recent ones, that
might be cited, have simply taken for granted their ecto-
dermal origin.
I have no evidence that the matrix, or cellulose portion
PEROPHORA ANNECTENS.
OL
Sal
of the test is produced as a secretion of the mesodermal
cells imbedded in it. It seems rather to be the product
of the ectodermal cells by which it is lined; and this
agrees with the more usual view of its origin. In many
places, both in the stolons and in the developing zooids,
the cells of the ectodermal layer have such a form as is
shown in fig. 39, pl. iii. I believe this to be due to the
fact that the cellulose substance of the test is here being
formed. The processes are probably similar to the ones
described by Salensky (’91, p. 14), in Pyrosoma, as like-
wise projecting from the ectoderm cells into the test.
This author also regards the processes as having to do
with the formation of the cellulose substance. He says,
however, that they are found only at an early stage in the
development of the individual.
3. THE MUSCULATURE.
The musculature of the mantle is confined to the
anterior end of the body, as in other species of the genus.
As seen in the whole animal, when examined as a trans-
parent object, the longitudinal fibres are most conspicuous
as they run backward, separated by wide and quite regular
intervals, into a region where the test is particularly thin
and transparent. (Fig. 3, 7. m., pl. i.) As seen by this
figure, they are radially arranged, each bundle of fibres
growing gradually smaller as it passes backward, finally
disappearing entirely, usually before the second transverse
branchial vessel is reached. A small fragment of the
mantle from the branchial siphon is shown in fig. 18,
pl. ii. The specimen is seen upon its external surtace,
consequently the circular fibres are generally situated
internally to the longitudinal fibres. This, however, is
not always the case, as for example, the radial bundle
r. m.’ passes under some of the circular bundles and
56 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
over others, so that in part the two layers are interwoven.
It is also an interesting fact that not infrequently fibres
may be seen to branch off from a circular bundle and
pass into, and become a part of a longitudinal bundle.
4. THE PHARYNGEAL APPARATUS.
To find some typical arrangement as to number, form
and position of the tentacles, has been an object of much
search, and this the more because of the unqualified
statements on this point by Herdman (’9r) with refer-
ence to the other species of the genus, and by Garstang
(91); with reference to 7. Lzstevz. After examining a
very large number of specimens, I believe the question,
as I have treated it in the diagnosis, is as nearly definite
as the facts will permit. In the fully compound colonies
I have found in some individuals fourteen, in one at least
eleven, and in another ten. As to length and distribu-
tion, fig. 20 illustrates an average condition. There are
almost as many different lengths as there are tentacles,
the shortest being mere buds, while the longest are of
considerable length. The longest are generally situated
nearest the peripharyngeal band.
In fig. 21, pl. ii, the tentacles of an ascidiozooid from
one of the crowded but not compounded colonies are rep-
resented, and the arrangement above mentioned is here
particularly well seen. 790.
9
. 31. Portion of a tangential section of the test and its epithelial
lining. xX 640.
g. 32. Section through the point at which the branchial siphon of a
developing bud is about to break through the test. 475.
g, 33. A section similar to the preceding, but at a considerably earlier
stage. X 475.
34. Cross section of the endostyle.
35, 35a, 35b, 35c. Several varieties of the coarse granular cells of
the blood. 840.
36, 36a. Cells of the blood with large nuclei, the latter just divided.
x 840.
37. Three of the amceboid cells of the blood. x S840.
38. Three of the “irregular bodies” of the blood. x 840.
39. Small portion the epithelium of the exterior of the branchial
siphon, showing the drawn-out protoplasmic portions of the cells.
x 840. ;
PEROPHORA ANNECTENS.
(ee)
ioe)
LIST OF ABBREVATIONS USED IN THE FIGURES.
a. anus.
at. atrium.
at.o. atrial orifice.
6b. c. blood corpuscle.
bd. buds.
6. s. blood sinus.
br.o. branchial orifice.
br.s. branchial sac.
c.b.b. inner ciliated band.
c.c. Clear cells of stomach.
c.d. digestive cells of stomach.
¢.g. cuticular granules on the inner surface of the wall of the duodenum.
c.g. coagulated blood plasma (?).
c.m. circular muscle fibres.
c.m’.andr.m. circularand radial fibres which interweave.
con. d. connecting duct of internal papilla.
ce. caecum of chylific vesicle.
¢.v. vessels crossing peribranchial chamber.
d.g. subneural gland.
d.l. dorsal lamina.
d.m. dorsal muscle fibres.
d.t. dorsal tubercle.
dv. duct of dorsal gland.
ed. endostyle.
ep. v. epithelium lining stolonic vessel.
ed. v’. epithelium of stolonic vessel in tangential section.
ep. b, epithelium of exterior of body.
ep.i. epithelium of inner surface of branchial siphon, with long pro-
cesses.
ep. s. epithelium of interior of branchial sac.
g.c¢. glandular cells of intestinal cceca.
g. ca. pits of the duodenum.
gl. ganglion.
ht. d. heart diastole.
ht. s. heart systole.
hy. lydroid stem.
i.g.c. inner glandular cushion.
i. 20. isolated zooids.
mt. intestine.
int’. duodenum.
int’. intestine proper.
z.p. internal papilla.
J. languet.
84 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
1. d. lumen of digestive tube.
l. p. lateral processes of papilla.
m.¢. wigratory cell passing through epithelial lining of vessel.
m.c’. migratory cell in test.
m.c%, migratory cells within the vessels.
m. c.c. median ciliated cells.
m.i.b. middle intermediary band.
m.g.c. widdle glandular cushion.
n. nucleus of ‘*swarm spores.”
n?. probable nucleus of parent parasite on tentacle of host.
@. cesophagus.
o.g.c. outer glandular cushion.
o.i.b. outer intermediary band.
ov. ovary.
p. inner end of connecting duct of papilla.
pe. pericardium.
p.6.g. peripharyngeal band.
re. rectum.
r.m. vadial muscle fibres.
sep. Septum of stolonic vessel.
st. stomach.
st’. cells transitional from stomach to duodenum.
sti. branchial stigmata.
st. v. stolonic vessels.
é. tentacles.
t. p. pouches of testis.
tr.v. transverse vessel.
ts. test.
w.d. wall of digestive tube.
x. large banded cells in blood sinus outside digestive tube.
a. same cells passing through wall of same.
«’. same cells within lumen of same.
y. ‘‘plyoric gland.”
y.p.s. yellow pigment spots.
/
2.2’. line of contact between two testicular masses.
PEROPHORA ANNECTENS.
Introductory........
Historical account of
SYNOPSIS OF CONTENTS.
our knowledge of the genus Perophora
DIR SMOSISCOM Lee CNRNCCLEN Sm sat ochre sues Sages aye talons ies) Ska 5 eevee sl aay ape ae
1. General description of the species
The test and the mesodermal origin of its cells
The musculature
The pharyngeal apparatus
a. Parasites of the tentacles
6. The branchial basket proper
c. The endostyle
d. The subneural gland and its duct
5. The digestive tract ....
Histology of the several parts
The pyloric gland
Parasites of the digestive tract
6. Reproductive system
He oo dO
Study of the movements of the heart, witha suggestion as to
the cause of the reversal in the direction of its contractions.
iMhiexblood corpusclesisast. 22 ao deds: as octane eo aiee woke oeergareate
7. Circulatory system and blood
Bibliography. ......
BD xplanatlomyo fe i outes es) sne ei eerie ere ers:
List of abbreviations
STUDIES IN PORTULACACEA.
BY KATHARINE BRANDEGEE.
Many of the plants of this order are difficult of investi-
gation in herbarium specimens. The texture of the co-
rolla is often so delicate that it can only be unfolded with
considerable trouble. The frequently minute crustaceous
seeds are equally troublesome. The slow process of
germination can only be resorted to in a few species at
once, and in dissection they require more than usual
care. That they have been neglected is evidenced’by Dr.
Gray’s remark concerning the accumbent cotyledons of
Lewitsia rediviva, ‘‘So far as we know, it is not so in any
other Portulacaceous plant, not even in ZL. drachycalyx.’”*
This supposed exceptional position of the embryo is the
character relied upon by Mr. Howell in separating the
second species of Lewisia, and with it aggregating all
the forms of Claytonia and Calandrinia having a circum-
scissle capsule, under the generic name of Oreobroma.f
The discovery of some undescribed forms in the herba-
rium of the California Academy of Sciences having led
to the investigation of the embryos of all the accessiblet
genera, the results reached were somewhat unexpected,
but sufficiently show that the position of the cotyledons is
of no generic significance, and in those forms in which
they are oblique (it is often impossible to be sure whether
they are obliquely incumbent or accumbent) perhaps not
even specific.
* Proc. Am. Acad., xxii, 276.
t Erythea, i, 31.
t No specimens seen of Talinopsis, Pleuropetalum, Grahamia, Anacam-
peros.
2p S=eR., VOL. IV. March 26, 1894.
STUDIES IN PORTULACACE. 87
Cotyledons incumbent.
Calyptridium.
Monocosmia.
Sylvza.
Spraguea.
Lewisia brachycalyx.
Claytonia ambigua.
Claytonia rupestris.
Calandrinia maritima.
And all the species examined of Portulaca and Talinum.
Cotyledons accumbent.
Montia tontana.
Claytonia perfoliata and all its varieties, parviflora, spa-
thulata, etc.
Claytonia Sibirica.
Claytonia Chamissonis.
Claytonia linearis.
Claytonia lanceolata.
Lewisia rediviva.
Calandrinia pygmea.
Calandrinia oppositifolia.
Calandrinia Columbiana.
Calandrinia Menziesii, somewhat oblique.
Calandrinia Brewerl, es if
Cotyledons oblique.
Claytonia parvifolia.
Claytonia diftusa.
Claytonia megarrhiza.
Lewisia Kelloggii.
Calandrinia Nevadensis.
Calandrinia Cotyledon.
Calandrinia Howellii.
88 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
Cotyledons conferruminate.
Claytonia Virginica.”*
Claytonia triphylla.
The circumscissile species included in the proposed
Oreobroma show examples of all these different positions
of the embryo. The tetrasepalous calyx, which, accord-
ing to Dr. Gray, makes the only difference between
Lewisia and Calandrinia, fails in the variety described
below. Mr. Howell is, I think, quite correct in saying
of L. brachycalyx, ‘‘sepals apparently 4,’’ for the lower
sepals are plainly seen to be bracts, often indeed at a
considerable distance below the others.
LewisiA Ke_Loceir.—Caudex and fleshy root 4-5 cm.
long: outer bracts scarious, 11%4-3 cm. long: leaves 2-3
cm. long; petiole thick, broad and flattened, wrinkled in
drying, narrowing upward, to the shorter obovate blade:
peduncles stout, terete, 6-15 mm. long, jointed at the very
base, broad at the summit: sepals 4, ovate-lanceolate, 8-10
mm. long, glandular on the margins: petals (9 1n the only
flower unrolled) oblanceolate, unequal in breadth, 8-12
mm. long: stamens about 15 (too many in the figure),
style 4-5 lobed; capsule thin, circumscissile at the base,
splitting upward into four or five segments; seeds oblong,
2mm. long, tuberculate in longitudinal rows, minutely
strophiolate near the angle of the longer side; cotyledons
oblique.—‘‘ Camp Yuba (Cisco), Sierra Nevada, Cal.,
June 27, 1870. Flowers creamy white. Granitic sand
among rocks.’’—Dr. Albert Kellogg.
From Z. red7viva it differs in its broad leaves, narrow
and glandular sepals and in its peduncle jointed at the
very base and in its oblique cotyledons.
~The only specimen seen with ripe seeds was from New Jersey, col-
lected by the late Harry Edwards. No fruiting specimens seen of C. Car-
oliniana, lanceolata, umbellata ov arctica.
STUDIES IN PORTULACACE. S9
LEWISIA REDIVIVA, var.? YOSEMITANA.—Caudex very
short; fleshy root very slender: leaves succulent, linear
or spatulate, 1-2 cm. long: pedicels cylindrical, 4-1 cm.
long, jointed just below the flower and crowned by three
ovate scarious bracts: sepals 2, broad, concave, emarginate
or more deeply notched at top: petals 5, about 2 cm. long,
exceeding the sepals: stamens about 15: style rather
shortly cleft; ovary circumscissile from a broad base;
seeds too young for description. The flowers fall from the
jointed pedicel, in drying, even more promptly than in
the type.—Collected somewhere about Yosemite Valley,
by Mrs. Willie F. Dodd, in the summer of 189I.
This plant has so much the aspect of a depauperate
L. rediviva that in lack of mature fruit, I prefer to de-
scribe it as a variety of that species. Whether it prove
to be distinct or not, it is plainly related more closely
to L. rediviva than is any other species, and effect-
ually breaks down the remaining barrier between Lewisia
and the Lewisioid section of Calandrinia. There re-
mains then only to consider whether all these species shall
be united with Lewisia on the common characters of the
circumscissile capsule and persistent style, or whether
Lewisia shall be merged into Calandrinia. I think the
first would be the more convenient. Dr. Gray says that
circumscissile dehiscence occurs in some South Am-
erican species of unlike habit, but does not specify which.
There are in the herbarium of the California Academy
about thirty species from that region, none of which
seem to be circumscissile, though it must be confessed
that several of them are too young to admit of certainty.
If Montia and Claytonia are both to be maintained,
it must be on the lines laid down by Mr. Howell—all
3-ovuled species remanded to the first, and those with 6
gO CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
ovules retained in Claytonia. The character isa shght
one, but is assisted somewhat by the habit.
The annual Calandrinias are probably none of them
natives of North America. All the forms of C. Menziesi¢
appear to be represented by Chilian species; C. Brewer7
is inseparable, at least in our herbarium specimens, from
C’. compressa Schrad., and C. maritima belongs to the
picta group, from some of which, in our herbarium, it is
distinguished with sufficient difficulty. It often shows
the replum-like threads separating from the margins of
the valves so characteristic of Zalinum parvifolium.
If Zalinum humile had been known to Fenzl his
opinion of the relationship of Portulacacee to Ficoidez
would have been materially strengthened. 7. Aumzle
has a 3-celled and loculicidally dehiscent capsule, re-
minding of Mollugo. The septa are however very thin
and traces of similar structure in the form of central
vertical folds on the valves are to be found in various
species of Talinum, in Calandrinia maritima, Claytonta
Chamissonis, Montia fontana, etc.
It is well known that seeds are viable before maturity.
This fact has a direct and important bearing upon the
accurate description of the embryo. In examining a
great number of seeds of the same species in this order,
the principal variation was found to be in the length of
the cotyledons. In those which had evidently reached
a sufficient age to germinate, the embryo ranged ac-
cording to degree of maturity, from sickle-shaped to a
nearly complete circle, and even, in some; the tips of
the cotyledons were hooked. In seeds having foliaceous
cotyledons the difference between the embryos viable
but immature, and mature seeds, is much greater. Bot-
anists who describe the embryo from germinating seeds
only, are therefore liable to be much misled.
STUDIES IN PORTULACACEZ.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE.
Lewisia Kelloggii, whole plant.
A. Ovary opened, showing the upward splitting.
B.C. Stamens.
D.E. Petals.
F. Pedicel and calyx above the joint.
Gs, leat:
H. Embryo seen from within.
I. Embryo seen from the side.
J. Seed.
OI
SECOND REPORT ON SOME HYMENOPTERA FROM
LOWER CALIFORNIA, MEXICO.
BY WILLIAM Jj. FOX.
Through the courtesy of Dr. H. W. Harkness I have
had the opportunity of examining another collection of
Hymenoptera made by Dr. Gustav Eisen in the Cape
Region of Lower California.
The collection is much larger than the one previously
reported on, and, as may be expected, contains numer-
ous species not before recorded from that region. Prob-
ably the most interesting accession to the fauna of Lower
California is the discovery of a new species of Oxea, a
genus which has heretofore been restricted to South
America, and to which no species has been added since
1865, when Sichel published a monograph of the genus.
As far as the Hymenoptera are concerned, the fauna is
more closely related to that of the southern part of Califor-
nia proper, Arizona and New Mexico, than it is to that of
Mexico, and it is not until the extreme southern end of
the peninsula is reached, which is included in the Torrid
Zone, do the Mexican species show themselves to any ex-
tent, and even there the Boreal forms dominate. The
parasitic Hymenoptera will be included in another paper
by Mr. Ashmead, as will likewise the Formicide, which
are in the hands of Mr. Pergande for study. Unless
otherwise stated, the specimens were collected by Mr.
Fisen in the fall of last year.. The types’ of the new
species described herein are in the collection of the Cali-
fornia Academy of Sciences.
CHRYSIDID2.
CHRYSIS SELENIA Costa. Several specimens. San
José del Cabo, October.
2p SgER., VoL. III. April 19, 1894,
HYMENOPTERA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. 93
MUTILLIDE.
SPHAROPHTHALMA SACKENII Cress. San José del
Cabo; October. Three 6 specimens.
SPH4ROPTHALMA MAGNA Cress. San José del Cabo,
October; west side of El] Taste, September; Mesa Verde,
October. Eighteen specimens, sixteen of which are
from the first mentioned locality, which seems to denote
that the species is more abundant in the warmer part of
the peninsula and that its true home is in the tropics. In
distribution this species ranges into California and Ne-
vada. The specimens before me show great variation in
size, 13-25 mm.
SPH#ROPHTHALMA GLORIOSA Sauss. San José del
Cabo and Mesa Verde, October. Numerous specimens.
SPH ROPHTHALMA FERRUGINEA Sm. A _ specimen
from San José del Cabo, October, I feel obliged to refer
to this species, although in Smith’s decription there is no
mention made of the pale golden pubescence on second
abdominal segment; otherwise the specimen fits the de-
scription well.
SPH ROPHTHALMA ZAPOTECA Bl. One specimen. San
José del Cabo, October.
SPH ROPHTHALMA ERECTA 0. Sp.
? .—Ferrugineus; clothed with sparse, long, erect,
black hair; mandibles at tip, tibia and tarsi, and apical
margin of first and second abdominal segments slightly,
blackish; pubescence of cheeks and abdomen beneath,
pale; in certain lights there is seen an appressed, silvery
pubescence on the dorsal segments of abdomen; on the
basal portion of the second dorsal abdominal segment
there are two longitudinally parallel, elongate, yellowish
marks, and on the apical portion there are two similarly
colored, semiovate spots. Head very large, much wider
94 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
than the thorax; deeply punctured, the cheeks not armed
beneath; third joint of antenne longer than the three fol-
lowing joints united; thorax shaped somewhat like a
fiddle, its lateral edge crenulated; above the thorax is
coarsely punctured, the punctures becoming gradually
larger posteriorly until they form shallow fovez on the
metathorax; sides of thorax glabrous; abdomen much
more finely and closely punctured than the head and
thorax; on the sides of the second dorsal segment and
on the same segment ventrally the punctures are sparse;
tibiz with strong, reddish spines, their calcaria whitish ;
on the pleurz over the four hind coxe there is a large
patch of silvery pile. Length, 9 mm.
West side of El Taste, September. Is related, though
not closely, to S. canadensts, contumax, chiapa, cruczata
and petricola.
SPH ROPATHALMA SCABER DN. Sp.
2 .—Black, clothed above with dense pale ochraceous
pubescence: cheeks, thorax on sides and beneath, abdo-
men ventrally and the legs with a much sparser and paler
pubescence, through which the black ground color shows
plainly; at the base of the second dorsal abdominal seg-
ment there is a large patch of black pubescence, the
hinder part of which is angulated; the entire insect is
deeply punctured, especially on the second ventral seg-
ment, which is almost scabrous; four hind tibiz with two
rows of strong spines; pygidial area rugose. Length
13-14 mm.
San José del Cabo, October. I have seen three speci-
mens of this species, two in the present collection and
one in the former lot. In general shape it is much like
S. pacifica and aureola, but the head is smaller. In ap-
pearance it resembles magna and erudita, from which it
differs by the black spot on second segment.
—
HYMENOPTERA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. 95
PnHotopsis NEBULosus Bl. El] Chinche, September.
E] Taste, 3,400 feet. Five specimens.
Puoropsis MELLIPES Bl. El Chinche, September.
El! Taste, 3,400 feet. Two specimens.
Puoropsis MELICAUSA Bl. Four specimens. El Chin-
che, September. El Taste, 3,400 feet. One specimen
differs from the typical form by having the greater part
of the four hind femora and the second abdominal seg-
ment, laterally, black.
Puoropsis sp. A small species related to P. clara Bl.,
from which it differs by the finer sculpture of head. San
José del Cabo, October.
BRACHYCISTIS CASTANEUS Cress. San José del Cabo,
October. El Taste, 3,400 feet. Eight specimens. Rather
small for this species, to-r2 mm.
SCOLIIDA.
MyZINE CONFLUENS Cress. Five 9 specimens. San
José del Cabo, October.
MyZINE TOLUCA Cam. Two 2 specimens. San José
del Cabo, October.
MyZINE HAMATA Say. El Taste, 3,400 feet. Eight 9
specimens, which I refer to this species. They differ
but little from specimens from the Eastern United States.
MyZINE nYALINA Cress. San José del Cabo, October.
Seven 6 specimens.
MyziInE spp. Two species, from San José del Cabo,
that I am unable to identify.
Trpuia sp. El Taste, 3,400 feet. A single specimen,
perhaps a new species, evidently related to ¢réchiosoma
Cam., and zztricata Sm., but seems to be distinct from
both.
96 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
PARATIPHIA A2QUALIS N. sp.
? .—Head with large, deep punctures, sparser on the
vertex, finer and closer on the cheeks; front before the
ocelli smooth and glabrous; clypeus rounded anteriorly ;
flagellum stout, the first joint slightly shorter than the
second; scape strongly punctured and bearing white hair ;
ocelli placed in pits; prothorax above, except hind mar-
gin, with coarse, somewhat confluent punctures; dorsulum
with large scattered punctures, the lateral impressions
deep; scutellum and postscutellum punctured like the
dorsulum, the scutellum strongly impressed medially;
metathorax above finely shagreened, and at the apex with
some strong folds or rugz, the posterior face more strong-
ly shagreened and indistinctly punctured; propleure
strongly punctured, sparsely so on lower portion; meta-
pleure with coarse striations; spines of tibia and tarsi
reddish testaceous, the calcaria white; first and second
dorsal abdominal segments about equally punctured, the
second ventral a little more strongly so; the remaining
segments more closely punctured; last dorsal segment,
except apical portion, coarsely roughened. Black; head,
thorax, especially on fore part of prothorax and legs, with
pale pubescence; a fringe at apex of ventral abdominal
and the sides of the dorsal segments of whitish hair;
mandibles medially and tip of last dorsal abdominal seg-
ment reddish. Length 11-12 mm.
é .—Head rather finely punctured; antenne stout, the
first joint of flagellum a little more than half as long as the
second; in length the antenne reach slightly beyond the
tegule; prothorax rather finely punctured, its lateral
angles not acute; punctuation of dorsulum and scutel-
lum stronger and sparser than that of the prothorax;
upper surface of metathorax with two approximate fovee
in the middle, on each side of these tovez the metathorax
HYMENOPTERA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. 97
is finely punctured, and just behind them, on the verge of
the truncation, there is a transverse row of similar fovez
extending from side to side; propleura punctured, with
some striations on lower portion, the metapleure coarsely
striated: the abdomen punctured similarly as in the 2 ;
last dorsal segment strongly carinated medially. Length
Q-II mm.
San José del Cabo, October; El Chinche, September.
Nine specimens. The black clypeus of ¢ and color of
wings of ? will separate it from a/ézlabris. The wings
of ¢ are subfuscous, with the nervures and stigma black.
In the ¢6 they are subhyaline, with a fuscous stain at tip
of marginal cell. The punctation of abdomen will
separate it from Paratiphia (EH pomidiopteron ) Smithii
Cam.
SCOLIA BADIA Sauss. El Taste, on the west side, Sep-
tember, and 3,400 feet. San José del Cabo, October.
The ¢, which has hitherto been undescribed, is colored
like the @ , except that the vertex, scape and greater part
of dorsulum are black; sometimes the dorsulum is en-
tirely black.
Scotia LEconrTEI Cress. Three specimens. San José
del Cabo, October. One specimen lacks the yellow on
scutellum and first and second abdominal segment, and
the yellow on pronotum is reduced to two small spots
on anterior portion.
SCOLIA CONSORS Sauss. One specimen. San José
del Cabo, October.
ScouiA Ripinesit Cress. San José del Cabo, October.
There exists a remarkable similarity between this species
and lis xantiana ¢. The ground color and markings
are almost exactly the same, and ata first glance these
species would be taken to be one and the same.
2p SER., VOL. IV. (7) April 19, 1894.
98 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
ELIs XANTIANA Sauss. San José del Cabo, October,
and El Taste, 3,400 feet. Numerous specimens. The
males appear to be much commoner than the females.
Exits porRSATA Fab. (¢o/feca Sauss.) Numerous speci-
mens. San José del Cabo, October, and El Chinche,
September.
ELis TRIFASCIATA Fab. I refer to this species, with
some doubt, six male specimens from San José del Cabo.
POMPILIDZ.
PompPiLus #THIOPS Cress. E] Taste, 3,400 feet. One
2 specimen.
POMPILUS PORUS N. sp.
? .—Clypeus rounded anteriorly; front with a faintly
impressed line from lower ocellus to base of antenna;
hind ocelli separated from each other by a greater dis-
tance than they are from the nearest eye-margin; anten-
nz slender, the first joint of the flagellum much longer
than the second; eyes converging towards the ver-
tex; posterior margin of prothorax arcuate; metathorax
rounded behind, not impressed; tibia and tarsi strongly
spinose, the fore tarsi with a well developed comb; longer
spur of hind tibiz equal to about two-thirds the length of
the first hind tarsal joint; abdomen a little longer than
the head and thorax; the apical segments sparsely clothed
with black hairs. Black; hind femora except the base,
and the tibia reddish; anterior and posterior orbits, pos-
terior margin of the prothorax, and a spot just before
the scutellum pale yellowish; the whole insect is clothed
with a sericeous pile; the face, prothorax, apex of meta-
thorax, hind coxe and the first segment of abdomen more
or less with silvery pubescence; wings subhyaline, their
apices broadly fuscous, third submarginal cell much nar-
HYMENOPTERA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. 99
rowed at the top, receiving the recurrent nervure a little
beyond the middle; the cheeks possess some long white
hairs. Length, 9 mm.
é .—Differs from the ¢ by the short, stout antenne, the
first joint of flagellum being but little longer than the sec-
ond, by the white calcaria and spines of tibiz and tarsi,
and by having the base of the third and the last dorsal
segment entirely, whitish; only the apical part of the hind
femora and basal half or two-thirds of their tibia, red-
dish. Length, 7 mm.
San José del Cabo, October. Three specimens. Closely
related to posterus Fox and exactus Cam. From the former
it differs by the lesser distance between the eyes at the
top and the narrower third submarginal cell; from the
latter species it differs chiefly by the hind ocelli being
more widely separated from each other than they are
from the nearest eye-margin; and moreover the four an-
terior lees are black. “The 61s evidently the “° small
form ’’ mentioned by Cameron under the description of
exactus.
POMPILUS CORUSCUS var. JUXTA Cress. Five ? and
3 6 specimens. San José del Cabo, October.
POMPILUS INTERRUPTUS Say. San José Cabo, Octo-
ber. One 4 specimen. The coloration of this speci-
men agrees better with the description P. da/teatus Cam..,
than zzterruptus, but the fore margin of clypeus is not
incurved.
POMPILUS EQUUS N. sp.
¢ .—Bluish-black; clypeus black, planate, finely and
sparsely punctured, subtruncate anteriorly; just above
the base of antenne there is a short longitudinal im-
pressed line; eyes, if anything, slightly diverge towards
the vertex; hind ocelli separated from each other by a
100 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
distinctly shorter distance than they are from the nearest
eye-margin; first joint of flagellum distinctly longer than.
the second; scape shining, punctured, in length about
equal to the pedicellum and first joint of flagellum united ;
prothorax long, rounded at the sides anteriorly; meta-
pleure and the lateral part of posterior face of meta-
thorax, with coarse, transverse striations, the metanotum
without striz and on its apical part with a medial impres-
sion; legs darker than the thorax, tibia and tarsi toler-
ably well spined; fore tarsi without comb, although there
is a row of very short spines on the first joint; longer
spur of hind tibia equalling less than one-third the length
of the first hind tarsal joint; wings blue-black, darker at
the apex; length of the second and third submarginal
cells at the top about equal, second recurrent nervure
received in the middle of the third submarginal cell; ab-
domen half again as long as the head and thorax, com-
pressed apically, last segment sparsely clothed with black
hairs, Wength, 17. mm.
El Taste, 3,400 feet. Related to macronotum Kohl and
levifrons Cress., from both of which it differs by the
first joint of flagellum being longer than the second; from
telemon Cam., it differs by the smooth top of metathorax
and by lacking the channel which connects the hind ocelhi
with the eyes. This species probably belongs to Kohl’s
group 18 (=Pedinaspis Kohl).
Pompiuus sp. A 8 specimen from Todos Santos, Oc--
tober, that seems to represent an undescribed species.
The head just behind the ocelli is strongly swollen, which
gives it quite an odd appearance.
PEPSIS TERMINATA Dhlb. (=ornata Lep.) San José
del Cabo, October, and El Taste, 3,400 feet.) a hree
females.
HYMENOPTERA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. IOI
PEPsIS RUBRA Drury. About forty specimens of this
common and widely distributed species. San José del
Cabo and Todos Santos, October. El Taste, 3,400 feet.
The series before me shows considerable variation, some
lack the white tip to wings, and in several males the ful-
vous is confined to the central part of the wing. One
specimen measures but 2I mm.
PEPSIS HESPERLZ Patt. One 6 specimen. West side
of El Taste. This species seems to be closely allied to
P. Andrei Mocs., to which species I had at first referred
the specimen.
Myenimia sp. El] Taste, 3,400 feet. A specimen that
differs only from wstu/atus by the distance between the
hind ocelli and the eyes being about twice greater than
the space between them.
SPHECIDZ.
AMMOPHILA QUADRIDENTATA Cam. West side of El
Taste, September. One specimen.
AMMOPHILA S4@VA Sm. El Taste, 3,400 feet. One
specimen. A. strzolata Cam., seems to be very close to,
if not identical with, this species.
AMMOPHILA MACRA ? Cress. Three 6 specimens from
El Taste, 3,400 feet, that differ somewhat from macra.
They may represent the 6 of seva.
AMMOPHILA PRUINOSA Cress. San José del Cabo,
October. Seven specimens.
AMMOPHILA YARROW! Cress. Numerous specimens.
San José del Cabo, October. The ¢ is larger than the
é , the thorax more densely pruinose, the red on legs and
abdomen brighter and more extended.
AMMOPHILA sp. Eight ? and nine ¢ specimens of a
species that I cannot place. San José del Cabo, October.
102 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
AMMOPHILA FEMUR-RUBRA D0. sp.
? .—Clypeus depressed in the middle anteriorly, with
rather strong separated punctures on tore portion, its an-
terior margin slightly incurved medially; front and vertex
very finely and closely punctured, the former deeply
channeled down the middle; vertex a little depressed on
each side of the hind ocelli; space between the hind ocelli
much less than the distance separating them from the
nearest eye margin; first joint of flagellum about equal
to the length of the two following joints united; prothorax
and dorsulum strongly impressed down the middle, with
a rather indistinct punctation; scutellum longitudinally
striated on apical half, impressed; sides of metanotum
with longitudinally oblique striations, those in the inclosed
space transversely oblique; propleure indistinctly striated
below; mesopleurz sparsely punctured; petiole of ab-
domen composed of two segments. Black; abdomen,
except spot at the base of second segment of petiole, large
spot on third and fourth and the dorsal and ventral apical
segments, pale red; all the femora, except a black line
on top the anterior and posterior, also red (sometimes the
fore tibiz and tarsired) ; front, clypeus, cheeks, tubercles,
large elongate mark on meso- and metapleure, posterior
face of metathorax anda spot on the median and hind
coxe, of silvery pile; clypeus, mandibles and cheeks
with long, sparse, pale pubescence; wings subhyaline,
slightly darker on apical margins, second submarginal
cell at the top wider than the second. Length 18-20 mm.
San José del Cabo, October. Seven specimens. The
red femora and black tibia and tarsi will distinguish this
from any of the North American or Mexican species of
Ammophila now known.
SPHEX (Chlorion) NEARCTICUS Kohl. One ?. El
Waste, 3,400 feet.
HYMENOPTERA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. 103
SPHEX PENNSYLVANICUS Linné. I refer to this species
a 6 specimen from E] Taste, 3,400 feet, which differs
from the typical form by being slightly stouter and by
having the reflection of wings bluer.
SpHEex Luca Sauss. West side of El Taste, Septem-
ber; San José del Cabo, October. Three males. These
specimens are entirely black, except the first two or three
abdominal segments on the extreme sides, which are ruto-
testaceous.
SPHEX HABENA Say. San José del Cabo, October.
Three specimens. S. speuiger Kohl, from Mexico and
Brazil, is very likely synonomous with this species.
SPHEX DUBITATA Cress. One specimen. Same local-
ity as the preceding.
SpuEex (/sodontia) ELEGANS Sm. Three specimens.
Same locality as the preceding.
ScELIPHRON (Chalybion) ZIMMERMANNI Dhb. Four
specimens. San José del Cabo, October.
SPHECIUS CONVALLIS Patt. (=raptor Hdl.)
Stizus gran@is Pack., Proc, Ent. Soc. Phila., vi, p. 442.
Sphecius speciosus var. convallis Patt., Bull. U. 8. Geol. Survey, p.
342, 1880. Q¢.
Sphecius raptor Handl., Sitzb. d. k. Akad. der Wissensch. Wien.
Mathem.-naturw. Classe, xcvili, p. 461.
Three female specimens. San José del Cabo, Octo-
ber. Why Handlirsch renames this insect raptor when
it already possessed a name, given by Patton, which re-
quired but elevation to specific rank, he does not state,
and as there seems to be no reason that Patton’s name
should be placed in the synonomy, it is but just to give
the credit to the latter author.
BEMBEX OCCIDENTALIS Fox. San José del Cabo, Oc-
tober. Twelve specimens. One specimen, a ¢, lacks
TO4 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
the yellow marks of the center of dorsulum, and the mark-
ings on metanotum.
BEMBEX MONODONTA Say. Three specimens. San
José del Cabo, October.
MoNEDULA SPECIOSA Cr. Two specimens. San José
del Cabo, October.
BEMBIDULA VARIEGATA Oliv. San José del Cabo, Oc-
tober. Three specimens.
STENIOLIA DUPLICATA Prov. San José del Cabo, July
and October.
ST1zus GopMaNI Cam. (=agz/is Cam. non Sm.) Nu-
merous specimens, 28 ?,1 6. San José del Cabo, July
and October; El Taste, 3,400 feet.
STIzUS FLAVUS Cam. El Taste, 3,400 feet; San José
del Cabo, October. Nine specimens. This species oc-
curs also in New Mexico and Colorado.
STIZUS LINEATUS Cam. San José del Cabo, October.
Two specimens. Resembles favus greatly, but the thorax
is less yellow, the legs slenderer, and the space between
the eyes at the clypeus narrower.
STIZUS UNICINCTUS Say. San José del Cabo, October.
This is the first specimen of this species seen by me that
has the abdomen entirely black.
TRYPOXYLON PROJECTUM Fox. San José del Cabo,
October. One 6. This specimen differs only from those
from Louisiana and Florida by the black hind tarsi.
TACHYTES DISTINCTUS Sm. (4 = elongatus). Six 4
specimens that represent probably a slight variety of this
species. The apex of the femora and the hind tibiz are
not yellowish as in the specimens from the United States.
San José del Cabo, October.
HYMENOPTERA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. TO5
TACHYTES sp. One 6, related to serzcatus Cress.
San José del Cabo, October.
TACHYTES EXORNATUS Fox.
Ina paper onthe North American Larride,* I described
a new species of Zachytes from New Mexico, based on
a @. There are before me three females from San José
del Cabo, October, and El Taste 3,400 feet, that evidently
belong to this species. They may be characterized as
follows:
@ .—Black; the legs, except coxe and trochanters,
and the abdomen red, except a blotch on the third dorsal
abdominal segment, the fourth and fifth dorsals entirely,
and spots or blotches on the ventral segments, all of
which are black; basal half of mandibles, spot at apex of
scape beneath and the tegule, also reddish; head in front,
dorsulum, especially on sides, mesopleure, with pale golden
pubescence, that on the other parts of the thorax and on
the occiput, grayish; cheeks, legs more or less and the
apical margin of dorsal abdominal segments 1-4, with
silvery pile, that on the pygidium golden; wings yellow-
ish, iridescent, dusky at apex; nervures reddish testa-
ceous. Anterior margin of clypeus somewhat rounded-
out and armed with two teeth on each extreme side; space
between the eyes at the top less than the length of an-
tennal joints 2 and 3 united; first joint of flagellum scarcely
one-quarter longer than the second; scutellum not im-
pressed; metanotum not furrowed, the fovea at apex dis-
tinct; tibia and tarsi strongly spinose; longer spur of
hind tibiz slightly longer than the first joint of hind tarsi;
ventral abdominal segments 3-6 sparsely punctured, and
segments 2-5 with a transverse row of bristles before
their apices. Length 18-19 mm.
* Proceedings of the Acad. Nat. Sciences, Phila., 1893, pt. 3.
106 CALIFORNIA* ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
TACHYSPHEX TARSATUS Say. One 2. San José del
Cabo, October.
ASTATUS BICOLOR say. One ¢. Same locality as
preceding.
GORYTES SPILOPTERUS Handl. San José del Cabo,
October. One specimen.
GORYTES sp. ‘San’ José del Cabo, October. One 6;
related to hamatus Hdl. and may be the 4 of Punctifrons
Cam., from Mexico, a species that is said to be allied to
hamatus, and of which only the ? is known.
CERCERIS spp. There are in the collection three species
of this genus, none of which I have been able to identify.
All are from San José del Cabo, October.
PHILANTHUS VENTILABRIS Fab. (4 = frontalis.)
PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA. 129
ASTIPHROMMA Forster.
20. ASTIPHROMMA MEXICANUS sp. n.
?.—Length 8 mm. Ferruginous, face yellowish;
orbits to ocelli, mandibles, palpi, tegule and prosternum,
whitish; antennz slender, tapering toward tips and longer
than the body; face finely punctate; metathorax distinctly
regularly areolated; wings hyaline, the stigma and vena-
tion dark brown, the former with a white spot at base;
abdomen about as long as the head and thorax together,
compressed, polished, the petiole about one-fourth longer
than the second segment, with a slight sulcus above;
ovipositor not quite as long as the basal joint of hind
tarsus, the sheaths stout or broad; claws pectinated.
Described from one ? specimen, from El Chinche
(Eisen).
Subfamily CRYPTIN®.
21. MESOSTENUS EISENII sp. n.
? .—Length 9 mm; ovipositor not quite as long as the
abdomen. Head, except anterior orbits, the clypeus and
trophi, prothorax, except hind margin, and mesonotum,
except lateral margins, black; antennal joints 8 to 12
above, anterior orbits, lateral margins of mesonotum,
tegulz and a short line beneath, white; basal two joints
of antenne, clypeus, trophi, scutellum and rest of the
thorax and the abdomen, rufous.
Head and thorax punctate, the metathorax indistinctly
areolated; wings subhyaline, the venation brown; abdo-
men slender, longer than the head and thorax united,
highly polished, impunctate.
Described from a single ? specimen, from El Taste,
3,400 feet altitude (Eisen).
2p SER., VOL. IV. (91) April 25, 1894.
ON LAND AND FRESH WATER MOLLUSCA OF
LOWER CALIFORNIA. No. 4.
BY J. G. COOPER.
A. Tare Recion Exevorep:
In the autumn of 1893 Dr. G. Eisen made another
collecting trip through that most tropical portion of Lower
California lying south of the Tropic of Cancer. Having
previously collected chiefly during the dry and colder
months, it was intended to study the influences of the
summer rains and heat on the animal and vegetable life
of that region.
His work was under the auspices of the Academy of
Sciences, and he was accompanied by Mr. and Mrs.
Brandegee, as botanists.
They arrived at San José del Cabo September 5th, and
were about two months in the field. Unfortunately, the
season had been uncommonly dry, and there was only
one heavy rain during their stay, about October 15th.
The results of this dryness are apparent in the few addi-
tions made to land mollusca; but still there were many
interesting observations to record on new local forms from
points not before visited, as well as one decidedly new
species.
An aneroid barometer was used to ascertain the approx-
imate heights at which the specimens were collected, and
gave elevations not far different from those marked down
on the U. S. Coast Survey maps of the region. The
summits of the peaks, however, were always found to be
granitic and waterless, so that few mollusca could exist
far above the camping grounds, where springs and alluvial
soil caused enough vegetation to supply food and dense
shrubby vegetation for the protection of shells from ene-
mies or from the hot sun.
2p S=R., Vou. IV. April 28, 1894.
LOWER CALIFORNIAN MOLLUSCA. Wei
The heights of camps given are not generally within
several hundred feet of the summits, but are at the local-
ities where shells were found living in most cases, while
lower down there were more dead ones. As in this State,
the occurrence of great numbers of shells on the surface,
mostly dead, indicated that the annual production of young
is quite limited, but that the shells have been accumulating
for many years, while for many miles between such spots
not one can be found. The whole collection was made
within forty miles north of Cape St. Lucas, and some of
the rarest of those distributed so sparingly by Xantus
were found abundant only ten miles north of the Cape
and a little over 2,000 feet above the sea. (Distances in
straight lines. )
The following localities of camps were the most pro-
ductive of land shells:
I. San José del Cabo and along the little permanent
river for twenty miles northward to Santa Anita at a
height of 300 feet, and near thirty miles N. N. E. of the
Cape. (This place was before estimated at only 100 feet
elevation.)
2. Sierra El Chinche, ‘‘Chinchbug Mountains,’’ eight
miles north of Cape (about latitude 23°), 2,000 feet alti-
tude.
3. Sauzito, a few miles north and 3,200 feet high.
4. Sierra El Taste, ‘‘ Meadow Mountains,’’ eighteen
miles north and 4,200 feet high.
5. Saltito, north of last and 3,200 feet high.
6. La Chuparosa (the Humming-bird) is a camp on
the Sierra Laguna, and is near 6,000 feet altitude instead
of 2,000, as before printed.
7. Sierra Laguna, about forty miles north, near the
Tropic of Cancer, and put down by the U.S. Coast Sur-
vey map as 5,924 feet, though Dr. Eisen’s barometer
132 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
made it 276 feet higher, and he thinks some peaks are
over 7,000 feet.
None of these figures indicate the highest points of the
peaks, only the camps.
The preceding are all along the central ridge of the
peninsula, and the Coast Survey gives heights of two.
somewhat parallel ridges varying from 773 feet near Todos
Santos ‘Creek to 2,183 for the western, and 442 near
Punta Arena to 4,419 further south on the eastern side of
the peninsula.
This mountainous region extends about as far north as
south of the tropic, which thus crosses the center of it.
There the level suddenly falls to a low plain from 75 to
100 feet above the sea, extending clear across the penin-
sula, so that there is lttle doubt of the former existence
of the southern region as a tropical island, about 100
miles long and 4o miles wide. From this isolation many
peculiarities of the molluscan life may be expected, as
compared with the more northern regions.
Sierra Laguna is named from the former existence of a
lagoon somewhere on it, which is reported to have bro-
ken away its boundaries and become dry. There is not
believed to be any fresh-water lagoon anywhere on this
mountainous region south of La Paz, but some brackish
ones exist at the mouths of creeks in the dry season.
The only fresh-water shells found higher than Santa
Anita were the Limnophysa, Physa and Pisidium, named
in these Proceedings, 2d series, voli, p.r2n7, whic
live near the springs that do not entirely dry up. The
Pisidium may often be found where only dampness re-
mains, and can crawl up the streams in that condition,
or, if still drier, buries itself in the mud, perhaps for
years, to await the next shower.
LOWER CALIFORNIAN MOLLUSCA. 123
B. BULIMULUS (PALLIDIOR?) VEGETUS AND ITS SUB-
SPECIES.
It has long been a doubtful question concerning two
species (or forms) of this group, as to whether they were
identical with two South American species (only differ-
ing as varieties at most), or were radically distinct and
autochthonous.
The first American describers of species from the
peninsula could find no specific differences, or else, con-
sidering the great variations in species of this group, did
not venture to separate them on comparison with descrip-
tions and typical specimens, although Dr. Gould at first
considered his B. vegetus specifically distinct from B. pal-
fidior. Still later, Binney and Bland described the lingual
dentition of the Peruvian B. pallidior, and had means of
comparing that of the peninsular allied form, but did not
report any differences between them.
Since the expedition to the peninsula in 1891, Dr. W. H.
Dall, to whom I sent living specimens of the so-called
“*B. proteus Broderip’’ from the mountains, has separated
the peninsular shell from the South American, without
giving any but external differences. It is not strange
that without good and numerous Peruvian and Chilian
examples we were compelled to agree with the older
authors in uniting them, since even Dr. Dall, with numer-
ous specimens from both regions, has not ventured to
distinguish the peninsular B. pallidior. Iam willing to
agree to the distinctness of B. montezuma Dall, but for
the sake of consistency must also contend that the other
disputed form is also different in North and South Amer-
ica, the most northern having already been separated as
B. vegetus Gould.
Still further to show the differences in the species of
the unconnected geographical regions it may be stated
134 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
that, to some extent, there are corresponding local varia-
tions in those otf North and South America, probably
caused by their environments, and not proving their
identity. This is alluded to by Dr. Dall as ‘*‘ remarkably
similar effects produced by similar environments acting
upon plastic forms of the same genetic history.’” This
can hardly apply to the very different climate, vegetation,
etc., of Costa Rica, but may account for the similarities
in the shells of North and South America.
In studying the variations in the forms of Bulimulus on
the peninsula, anyone must be struck by the numerous
characteristics of specific and even generic value which
more or less connect them all, and yet divide them into
groups so that they appear separable into divisions as ex-
treme as almost one for each species. Still they are so
linked together that similar characters of less importance
connect shells of evidently distinct genera, and it becomes
difficult to decide what to call specific and what generic.
Further knowledge of the animals will probably unravel
these difficult problems.
But now, as we look at characters of the shell alone,
we find it hard to separate many of the forms specifically
because there are so many intermediate specimens. Thus
a form from the Sierra El Taste (Meadow Mountains),
in the central ridge north of Cape St. Lucas, has char-
acters like these of (1) B. vegetus,. (2) B.vexcelsus. (3).
spirifer and (4) B. montezuma (as they were first described
in this order), and I therefore call it variety VEGEXSPIZA.
With the whiteness of No. 1, they have the form of No. 2,
the fold on columella of No. 3 and the cross-striation of
No. 4. (Dall has named this BL. pallidior var. striatula. )
One of this form was mentioned by me as from Sierra
Laguna, in a former article, p. 210, and Dall states that
itis common on some of the islands. There is also in
LOWER CALIFORNIAN MOLLUSCA. : ASiEy
this last collection a form connecting still more closely
the B. vegetus with B. montezuma, which may be called
either a white variety of the last or a rough variety of the
first, the sculpture being as strongly shown. I have had
this lithographed from a photograph, enlarged 15 diame-
ters. The present forms, now called species, were prob-
ably much more closely connected when this region was
an island.
C. SEcTION LEPTrosyrsus Crosse & Fischer.
These authors are followed by Dall in making this
division of Bulimulus to include some species resembling
B. spirifer Gabb, in having a more strongly twisted pil-
lar in the upper part of the body-whorl, as in pl. v, fig. 4.
Sometimes this has also a lamina more or less widely de-
veloped, which is continued to the mouth ‘‘ as a fold or
rounded ridge such as appears in the various species of
subsection A.’’ Now, under B&B. suffatus Gould, Dall
says: ‘‘In specimens which have survived a dry season
attached to bark or stone the inside of the peristome and
the space on the body between the two lips is often much
thickened by a deposit of callus.”’ I have also recorded
this thickening and abnormal development of teeth in
some island species, but attribute it to food and other
causes.
I am of the opinion that the growth ot the wide lamina
in some specimens is also an abnormal deposit, and caused,
perhaps, by irritation of the muscles used in holding up
the shell when attached to a vertical surface of rock or
tree. Even the extra twist of the pillar is explainable on
the same principle like the divergent mouth, none of these
characters being constant. I give a view of a shell with
this pillar twist that in everything else is a B. cuscendens,
yet Dall would make it a ‘‘&. dryantz,”’ according to his
theory, on account of an abnormal and perhaps a patho-
136 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
logical growth, putting it in a different section with a
jaw-breaking name! It is a parallel to the occurrence of
the lamina or ‘‘fulcrum’’ in some helicoid shells, devel-
oped from some unusual condition of the animal, but not
constant. It is true that such characters may prove use-
ful, and therefore in time develop into generic characters,
but in cases like this I can only believe them to be path-
ological.
I have examined many specimens of the zzscendens form
without finding anything to warrant such a division of
specimens by an internal and often hidden character,
while they appear the same outside. Their variability is
quite as great, if not greater, internally than externally,
and few such variations are any more reliable as guides
to the division into sections, genera, etc.
Dr. Dall considers the much enlarged figures given in
the 3d article as ‘‘ not characteristic ’’— probably because
they are somewhat unlike specimens sent to him for the
purpose of showing how much variation is to be expected
in these shells. I have had figures engraved from photo-
graphs showing extreme forms as unlike the original types
as can be found.
BULIMULUS MONTEZUMA Dall.
From what has been written as to the subspecies of
EB. vegetus, it will be evident that this must be considered
the mountain form of the group. Numerous living shells
were found on the El Taste Mountains. They occurred
down to near 1,000 feet elevation, so that their range in-
terlocks with that of B. vegetus, between that and 3,000
feet, while the intermediate forms were found in this in-
terval. Among these are the six which I have called var.
vegexspiza, which unite also some of the characters of
section Leptobyrsus, but not equally in all. From their
central position they seem to be nearly like the original
LOWER CALIFORNIAN MOLLUSCA. E37
stock from which some others of this group have branched
off, retaining some characters or acquiring others during
their migrations. Among these are some exactly like
Gould’s B. vegetus trom La Paz, and also some like the
‘‘pallidior’’ form. At first I thought some of them were
B. excelsus Gid., and perhaps B. spirifer Gabb, with a
tooth visible in the aperture, but I could find no twisted
pillar nor flange inside.
BULIMULUS INSCENDENS W. G. B., and varieties.
From El Taste Mountains Eisen sent about fifty normal
in form, seventy-four of var. dryant7 and two of var.
beldingz. Among them is every variety of size and
smoothness, from a high polish to the roughness of
B. montezuma, without any connection between these
conditions; but Dr. Dall has named two more forms as
var. alta Dall and var. monticola Dall, both of which I
consider too unsettled to be of any value. Besides these,
he has rather confused the subject by admitting my var.
bryant? on p. 643, and then making some specimens which
have internal laminz a good species, on p. 645, under the
same name.
BULIMULUS ARTEMISIA W. G. Binney.
This is one of the extremely aberrant species which
Dr. Dall tries to force into § Leptobyrsus on account of
‘‘a faint elevated ridge far within the aperture.’ It
might better rest in Peronzus until the animal is examined
and compared with that of Columna. Dr. Eisen found
it most abundant in the El Taste Mountains, obtaining
about seventy between 3,400 and 4,200 feet elevation, but
only one was fresh and seemed to contain the animal,
though many had the curious epidermis unworn. This
is shown in pl. vi, fig. 5, X 15 diameters, and the shell in
pl. v, fig. 13. The specimens are all of the size of Bin-
138 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
ney’s type, but the epidermis is not pale yellow, but
chestnut-brown when fresh. This has also a beaded ap-
pearance, as shown enlarged in the figure. The little
tubercles tormed about 27 revolving rows on the body-
whorl and 8 to 18 rows on the others, except the two
nuclear, which have the usual vertical riblets. There
appeared to be deciduous flakes of epidermis on the
granulations before brushing them oft. Inside of mouth
when fresh, brown and shining, and some had a divergent
mouth, as in B. cuscendens bryanti. In most of them the
lips are connected by a continuous callus, and in some it
is raised, as in Colwmna ramentosa, but less everted and
thickened, as well as more oval in form.
Three were tound near Cape St. Lucas, which measure
0.86 to I inch long and 0.24 to 0.30 wide. Two of them
are half bleached, but with some traces of epidermis on
them, as well as sculpture.
In form and epidermis there is thus a remarkable re-
semblance between this shell and Columna ramentosa, es-
pecially to the subspecies abdreviata, as is shown on
comparing fig. 17 with fig. 8 (which is magnified twice),
as well as in figs. 30 and 31. From these facts a genetic
connection in the tertiary epochs can hardly be doubted,
although their generic characters have since widely
diverged.
BULIMULUS XANTUsI W.G. Binney (&. gabbz C. & F.)
The opinion I advanced as to the identity of these two
forms is confirmed by Dr. Dall from comparing Binney’s
type with the description and figure of Crosse & Fischer.
As turther proof, Dr. Eisen collected forty specimens on
the El Taste Mountains, which present characters chiefly
of Binney’s type, but also some with variations like
‘*B. gabbi’’ and those of the more eastern forms which
oiven the name oft
I referred to 4. waniusz. Dall hase
LOWER CALIFORNIAN MOLLUSCA. 139
var. /evis to this, but it is probable that fresher specimens
will show more of the sculpture of typical xantus/.
Of the late collection some are living, and these are
strongly sculptured, as shown on pl. vi, fig. 29. (By an
oversight, the revolving stria are given as vertical in this
and in fig. 28; the lines of growth crossing them are not
shown strongly enough.) In dead specimens the epider-
mis and its granulations disappear from the surface of all
these small species. In some the vertical growth-lines
are the strongest, in others the revolving stria.
The color of living shells is not yellow or pale brown
and striped, as in var. /evzs, but uniform dark or chocolate
brown. A small bleached shell from about 4,000 feet
altitude, on El] Taste Mountains, is very thin, translucent,
and filled with granitic gravel,which explains its depauper-
ate condition from absence of lime in the soil. Near
Cape St. Lucas seventeen were found, bleached and
smooth, at 2,000 teet elevation. The El Taste specimens
measure 0.80x0.50 inch to 0.95x0.45. The nuclear
whorls closely resemble those of the Columna.
Dr. Dall at first appears to have intended to make a
new species of var. /ev7s, but without fresher specimens
than have yet been found this would not be safe. The
differences from the type pointed out by me in article
No. 2, p. 213, are that the epidermis has no cross-sculp-
ture, though entire, which is analogous to the difference
between the mountain form, monfezuma, and its lowland
representative, vegetus.
BULIMULUS BAILEYI Dall. (Correction. )
B. xantust var. Stearns (in Catalogue?).
‘*Cape St. Lucas, W. J. Fisher and G. Eisen; Ortiz,
Mex., V. Bailey; Guaymas, Mex., E. Palmer.’’
This shell probably belongs to Mexico only; certainly
not to Cape St. Lucas. W. J. Fisher (now deceased)
140 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
may have obtained it on one of the islands, but Xantus
can scarcely have overlooked it, and Eisen informs me
that he never was at Cape St. Lucas until 1893, and he
got nothing like it there. The specimens found abund-
antly at Hermosillo, Mexico, by him, which I called
var. of B. alternatus Say, may possibly be referred to, but
do not agree in every particular with the description.
BULIMULUS SUFFLATUS W. G. Binney.
Specimens of the young of this species much resemble
B.xantusi, but have more swollen and obtuse whorls, the
epidermis being also thinner and quite smooth, pale and
shining. Numerous half-grown living specimens from
El Taste Mountains, at about 3,200 feet altitude, have
the thin alternately-striped epidermis entire, and vary
largely in size of umbilicus. (See pl.v, fig. 11.) When
larger, some examples are much more swollen than the
typical B. sufflatus, and have only a few strips of epider-
mis left, as in fig. 9. Four dead, bleached shells from
El Chinché Mountains, at 2,000 feet altitude, approach
nearer to large B. prlu/a, and are evidently mature, with
thickened lips. One is figured in fig. 10, and they may be
called var. CHINCHENSIS. The nearest to typical BL. pzlula
is from near San José del Cabo, and shown in fig. 12.
Figs. 15 and 16 are of shells from El] Taste Mountains,
3,200 feet high, and bleached, which may be varieties of
some here named, but until more perfect shells are ob-
tained must be uncertain.
The much larger form called by me var. 7vse/aris in
article No. 3, p. 340, figured ‘on pl. xiv, fig; 6,15 weny
similar to fig. 10, except in size, and approaches figs. 15
and 16.
CoLUMNA (RAMENTOSA?) ABBREVIATA J. G.C.
Only four examples of this form were found on the El
LOWER CALIFORNIAN MOLLUSCA. I4 1
Taste Mountains, at about 4,200 feet, two more slender
than the rest. Only one is fresh, and was probably alive
when found. Both forms are represented double the
natural size in pl. vi, figs. 18, 19, to show the extremes
more ‘‘ characteristically ’’ than the former figures. The
whorls in abbreviata vary from 8 to 9%. Fig. 31 shows
how the sculpture on 3 whorls resembles that of B. arte-
musta, and under that species I have noted the remarkable
similarity in the form of the shells, which extends to that
of the nuclear whorls also.
MELANIELLA TASTENSIS n.sp. Plate vi, fig. 21.
Shell dextral, much elongated, white, translucent,nuclear
whorls as in JV. ezsenzana, third less narrowed, sculpture
nearly similar, whorls 14 to 16, longer and less oblique,
14 of them equaling 16 in that species. Outline of whorls
flatter, mouth vertically longer, body-whorl not contracted,
peristome not continuous, the lips being separated by the
parietal wall about , of an inch. Whole shell a fifth
longer, with the same number of whorls.
Length 0.74 inch, breadth 0.08; mouth 0.10 long, 0.06
wide.*
Six only were found at Saltito Pass, just north of El
Taste Mountains, at 3,200 feet altitude. In some the
upper 6 or 7 whorls are much slenderer, proportionately,
than the rest, as if they were starved when young, and
often bent out of the straight course, as shown in figure.
Found under damp wood on the ground at the end of
the wet (summer) season. Only two of them have 16
whorls, one 13, and three 11, these being immature.
Fig. 21 represents this species, and fig. 20 is JZ. ezsen-
‘ana, given for comparison, both double the natural size.
The figures of the latter, much enlarged, in vol. 111, 2d se-
ries, pl. xiii, give fuller details of form.
*The breadth given for JZ. edsenzana as 0.14 is an error for 0.08.
142 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
PATULA HORNI? Gabb.
One perfect specimen was found in Saltito Pass, 3,200
feet, measuring 0.15 inch wide; color dark brown. I
supposed it might be a large H/yalina diegoensis Hemp-
hill, until I detected the scattered bristles and coarser
opaque shell. It is new to the peninsula, having been
found only in southern Arizona before. Unfortunately,
it was crushed by accident. Another, bleached and im-
mature, occurred in a dead shell of Bulimulus.
HYALINIA INDENTATA Say.
A few were also found on El Taste Mountains.
PLANORBIS (ANISUS) ANITENSIS J. G. Cooper.
About twenty specimens from Santa Anita (the only
known locality) show a larger development of halt a
whorl more, measuring 0.30 inch wide. They are figured
double natural size on pl. vi, figs. 22, 23.
The compressed sub-marginal line on right side is so
faint in small ones that it was overlooked in the tormer
figure, though described. In the new specimens there
are also numerous more delicate revolving striz, the outer
whorl being also less flattened toward the mouth. The
sinistral appearance both in this and P. penznsularts is
not in the outline or form of mouth, but in the flattening
of the left side.*
PLANORBIS PENINSULARIS J. G. C.
About fifty more were brought from the same pond,
and nowhere else. The description is correct without the
(2), but the shell is a Nautilina (or Gyraulus) rather than
Anisus. In very young of this and of the preceding the
shell is often white and translucent. Figs. 24 and 25
represent this species double the natural size. See, also,
the enlarged figures in vol. iii, pl. xiv.
* The figure of this species (8a) as given in pl. xiv, vol. iii, has a defect in
the angular form of the right margin, caused by a fracture, but it must be easily
detected as an error on comparison with 8b.
LOWER CALIFORNIAN MOLLUSCA. 143
EXPLANATION OF PLATES V, VI.
Figures 1 to 17 are of naturai size.
Fig. 1. Bulimulus veqetus var. vegexspiza, showing the columellar thick-
ening or tooth.
Fig.2. Young of B. vegetus, the upper translucent, the lower showing a
sight angle on body-whorl.
Fig. 3. A toothed specimen like fig. 1, broken to show the normal form
of pillar. Exactly the same is found in toothed B. montezuma.
Fig. 4. San José Id., Ge 214.6)124.625 3
P. spinatus peninsule. .| San José del Cabo, ee 195 |108.6 24
Intergrades between \
: j Pee Comondu e ] 5|2
spinatus and peninsule.| J ? 88 111.5 22
|
IPEPSOINGLUS ene nee: Colorado Desert, California.!172 99 (21.4
oD w w
THE ODONATA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO.
BY PETER SP CALV ER.
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
(With Plates xv, xvi, xvii.)
In January, 1893, I was offered for examination a small
collection of dragon-flies from Baja California belonging
to the California Academy of Sciences and was asked to
prepare a memoir upon the subject. Upon my acceptance
of this proposal, dry specimens collected by Mr. Charles
D. Haines in various localities, and others in alcohol,
mainly from San José del Cabo, were sent tome. The
examination of this lot was well nigh completed when, in
December, 1893, a much larger collectionin alcohol, made,
as the labels showed, mainly by Dr. Gustav Eisen, in the
Cape Region, in September and October, 1893, was re-
ceived by me. No further collections being then contem-
plated by the Academy, this paper was completed, but in
January, 1895, I received additional collections from the
Cape Region made by Dr. Eisen and Mr. Frank H. Vaslit
in September, 1894. The total number of specimens
which I have thus been able to examine has been over
2600, representing forty species.
The objects of this paper are:
1. To give a complete list, with localities, of the Odo-
nata of Baja California. If we except two or three brief
notices of a line each, nothing has hitherto been published
on the dragon-flies of this region.
2. ‘To describe and figure such of the species as had
hitherto not been sufficiently illustrated.
3. To determine the amount of variation in structural
details, especially in the venation of the wings, assumed
to be of generic character. For lack of time, I have not
included the collections made in September, 1894, in es+
2p Srer., Vou. IV. ( 31 ) February 19, 1895,
404 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
timating the amount of variation, except where the con-
trary is expressly stated.
A brief summary of the results obtained follows.
1. The Mexican territory of Baja California, com-
prising the peninsula of Old or Lower California, is some
750 miles long, and stretches in latitude from 32° 34’ N
to 22° 50° N. Its lower portion, the Cape San Lucas
region, thus lies within the tropics. Of this Cape Region,
Mr. T. S. Brandagee states: ‘‘ The Flora of the coast is
subtropical and a considerable portion West Indian, many
of the plants perhaps introduced; that of the elevated
regions is largely Sonoran.”’
Collections of Odonata were made at the following
places:
(a) in the upper or supra-tropical portion, chiefly by
Mr: Haines; at El Rosario 30° 7° IN, 1257/38 Wee
San: Raymundo 25° 26° 'N, 2rr- 19° W,, or:g07 45 Ne
115° 48’ W.
Comondu 26° 18’ N, 111° 53’ W.
San Luis 25% Nj 1a 7) W, or 24° 5S Nera 4awe
BiiParaiso 28-40. NV 1re 34° W.
San Mernando 297.57 IN; 215.7 iW.
San Ignacio 25° 30° -N.) rE1- 227° W, toni 27° <5 aur
Tre? 45 WwW.
Baja Purisima 26° N, 112 W.
(6) in the Cape or tropical portion, chiefly by Dr.
Eisen and Mr. Vaslit, at San José del Cabo 22° 58’ N,
109° 45° W, Mesa Verde, Coral de Piedras, Sierra Lagu-
na, Sierra El Taste, Miraflores and Sierra San Lazaro.
* The latitudes and longitudes, which are approximate only, have been
obtained by measurement from the ‘‘ Carta General de la Republica Mexi-
cana formada en el Ministerio de Fomento con los datos mas recientes
por disposicion del Secretario del Ramo, Gener alCarlos Pacheco. 1890.”
Some help has been gained from the map in Gaston Routier’s ‘‘La Mex-
ique.” Paris, H. Le Soudier, 1891.
ODONATA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 465
Considering the peninsula as a whole, the number and
names of the species are:
Subfamily CALOPTERYGIN” (1 sp.)
1. Heterina californica Hag.
Subfamily AGRIONIN® (11 sp.)
2. Archilestes grandis Ramb. 8. Enallagma cecum Hag.
3. Argia agrioides (Selys MS.)* 9. Enallagma Hiseni.*
4. Argia vivida Selys. 10. Lschnura Ramburii, var. cre-
5. Argia cuprea Hag. dula Hag.
6. Argia enea Selys. ll. UJschnura exstriata.*
7. Erythragrion saluum Hag. 12. Ischnura cervula Selys.
Subfamily GompHin” (2 sp.)
13. Progomphus obscurus Ramb. 14. Octogomphus specularis Selys.
Subfamily AscHNINz (6 sp.)
15. M&schna luteipennis Burm. 18. dschna constricta Say.
16. Aschna cornigera Brau. 19. Anax junius Dru.
17. dschna multicolor Hag. 20. Anax Walsinghami McLach.
Subfamily LIBELLULIN” (20 sp.)
21. Pantala flavescens Fabr. 31. Macrothemis imitans Karsch.
22. Pantala hymenea Say. 32. Macrothemis inequiunguis.*
23. Vramea onusta Hag. 33. Trithemis basifusca.*
24. Tramea longicauda Brau.? var. 34. Micrathyria didyma Selys.
25. Libellula saturata Ubler. 35. Micrathyria Hagenii Kirby.
26. Pseudoleon superbus Hag. 36. Micrathyria equalis Hag.
27. Orthemis ferruginea Fabr. 37. Diplax corrupta Hag.
28. Dythemis sterilis Hag. 38. Diplax illota Hag.
29. Dythemis russata (Hag. MS.)* 39. Cannacria furcata Hag.
30. Dythemis mendax Hag. 40. Mesothemis simplicicollis, var.
collocata Hag.
Of the above, nine species—/Heterina californica,
Progomphus obscurus, Aeschna multicolor, AE. constricta,
Anax Junius, Pantalahymenea, Libellula saturata, Diplax
corrupta, Mesothemts simplicicollis—are distributed over
a considerable part of temperate North America, espec-
ially the western part. Dythemzs russata is only known
elsewhere from Arizona, Dyth. mendax from Texas.
* New species.
466 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
Anax Walsinghamt, Diplax illota, Ischnura exstriata,
Z. cervula and Octogomphus specularts are Pacific Coast
species, the last three being known elsewhere from Cal-
ifornia only. Argvaagriotdes and A. vivida also inhabit
California and Texas. Eighteen species are thus chiefly
Nearctic in distribution, although all are not confined to
that province, while some may be entitled to rank as
‘¢ Sonoran.’’
Species of mainly Neotropical distribution, eighteen in
number, are Argva cuprea, A. wenea, Pseudoleon super-
bus; Enallagma cecum, Ischnura Ramburii var. credula,
Tramea onusta, Orthemis ferruginea, Micrathyria didyma,
M. Hagentt, M. equalis, Cannacria furcata; Archilestes
grandis, Erythragrion salvum,; A¢schna lutetpennis, 4.
cornigera, Tramea longicauda, Dythemts sterilis, Macro-
thems imitans. Of these, the first three are confined to
Mexico, the second group of eight occur in the West
Indies and elsewhere, the last five were not hitherto known
to exist outside of South America.
Lastly, Hnallagma Eisent, Macrothemis tnequiunguis,
and 7yrzthemis basifusca, all here described as new, are,
according to our present knowledge, restricted to Baja
California, while Pantala flavescens is almost world-wide
in distribution.
22 nox species, (INios23,.05.11, 29, 32, 33) OF the, pue-
ceding list) from Baja California have been described as
new. for a considerable number descriptions have been
given which are much fuller than those previously exist-
ing. Structural details have been illustrated for 39 of
the 40 species, the figures having been made from speci-
mens from Baja California, except in the cases of Octo-
gomphus specularts and Cannacria furcata. A few species
from California, U. S. A., sent with the others, have, for
obvious reasons, been noticed, including descriptions and
ODONATA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 407
figures of two new species, J/schnura? erratica and
schna californica, while special mention must be made
of the reported occurrence in California of Calopteryx
maculata not hitherto known west of Kansas, Euthore
fasciata of Venezuela and Colombia, and Epophthalmia
elegans of China and Japan (see the appendix).
3. The generic variations given are, first, variations
from conditions assumed by other writers to be SeneLics
second, variations from those adopted in this paper as
generic. They are to be found under the respective
species.
A few words should be said on the specimens preserved
in alcohol. Dr. Eisen having written that collections
could be made in that way, I suggested that the insects
should be placed at once in strong, warm alcohol. The
result has been to preserve the bright and brilliant colors
of these dragon-flies in a most gratifying way, and it is
difficult to believe that after a lapse of one year any con-
siderable fading has taken place. Such magnificent
colors as those of Anax Walsinghamt, A&schna lutetpen-
nis, Libellula saturata, etc., have thus been as available
for description as if from fresh individuals. It should be
stated that, except when under examination, the speci-
mens have been kept in alcohol and in the dark.
I desire to acknowledge the valuable assistance rendered
me by the Baron Edmond de Selys-Longchamps, of
Liége, Belgium, on the difficult genus Areva as mentioned
in the text. Mr. Samuel Henshaw has done me the great
kindness of comparing specimens of Euallagma Event,
Dythemis sterilis and Trithemis basifusca with the collec-
tion in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge,
Mass.
468 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
CHARACTERS OF THE MAsor GrRovups.*
Suborder I. ZYGOPTERA. Front and hind wings similar in shape or
nearly so, usually elevated in repose; no membranule; with an unmodi-
fied quadrilateral. Males with two inferior terminal abdominal appen-
dages, penis and its vesicle separate. Nymphs with three caudal
tracheal-gills.
Family 1. AGRionIpm. Head transversely elongated; eyes separated
from each other; lateral lobes of the labium of two joints, middle
lobe bifid. Females with genital vaives.
Subfamily 1. Calopterygine. At least five, and usually more
antecubitals.
Subfamily 2. Agrionine. Two, occasionally three, antecubitals,
wings stalked at base, quadrilateral not cross-veined (except in
the S. Amer. Anomisma).
Suborder II. ANISOPTERA. Wings dissimilar, hind wings usually
broader at base; horizontal in repose; usually with a membranule;
quadrilateral modified to form a cardinal cell (triangle) and a supra-
triangle. Males with one inferior terminal abdominal appendage, penis
and its vesicle connected. Nymphs without caudal tracheal-gills.
Family 2. Hscunipm. Triangles of front and hind wings of similar
shape (except in some Gomphine). Antecubitals of first and
second series not coincident, except the first and one other (the
latter is variable in position) which two are thicker than their
fellows. Postcubitals in the entire second series. Lateral lobes of
the labium of two joints. Males often with auricles on 2, and the
anal margin of the hind wings excavated.
Subfamily 3. Gomphine. Head transversely elongated, eyes sep-
arated. Abdomen without lateral carine. Females without
genital valves (except in the legion Petalura).
Subfamily 4. Cordulegasterine. Head transversely elongated,
eyes a little separated or meeting in a single point dorsally.
Abdomen without lateral carine. Females without genital
valves.
Subfamily 5. @schnine. Head globose, eyes meeting on the top
of the head for aspace. Abdomen with lateral carinw. Females
with genital valves. :
*Those unacquainted with the technical terms applied to these insects
will find the necessary information in the present writer’s ‘‘ Introduction
to the study of this group of Insects” in The Transactions of the Amer-
ican Entomological Society, vol. xx, pp. 153-218. Philadelphia, October,
1893. Also published separately, same paging, by the Society.
ODONATA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 469
Family 3. LipertuLip%. Triangle of front wings with its long axis
at right angles to the length of the wing, triangle of hind wings
with its long axis coinciding with that of the wing. Antecubitals of
first and second series mostly coincident. No postcubitals in the
nodal end of the second series. Lateral lobes of the labium of one
joint. Head globose, eyes meeting on the top of the head. Abdo-
men with lateral carine. Femaies without genital valves.
Subfamily 6. Corduline. Hind margin of eyes produced as a
small tubercle. Usually a small bundle of fine hairs on the
distal anterior surface of the first femora. Males with auricles
on 2, anal margin of hind wings excavated, distal end of first
tibiz with an inferior carina.
Subfamily 7. Libelluline. Hind margin of eyes not produced as
a small tubercle, or with a mere trace of such. Males without
auricles on 2, anal margin of hind wings not excavated.
No Cordulegasterine or Corduline are known to in-
habit Baja California.
CHARACTERS OF THE GENERA (imagos only).
Subfamily CALOPTERYGIN#E.
Legion Calopteryx Selys. Sectors of the arculus arising from below its
middle, antecubitals of first and second series nearly equal in number,
quadrilateral as long as the basilar space, pterostigma absent or of from
one to several cells. Epistoma not projecting as much as the length of
the eyes.
Basilar space cross-veined, arculus not broken, no inferior branch to
the lower sector of the triangle; ¢ wings with a basal red spot, cells
of postcostal space on front wings irregular. Heterina.
Subfamily AGRIONIN#,
I. Legion Lestes Selys. Median and subnodal sectors parting from the
principal sector much nearer the arculus than the nodus; ¢ superior ap-
pendages forcipated.
Nodal sector parting from the principal one and a half cells after the
nodus; supplementary sectors between the subnodal and the me-
dian, and the median and the short, and other sectors.
’ Archilestes.
II. Legion Agrion Selys. Median and subnodal sectors parting from the
principal sector near the nodus; quadrilateral trapezoidal, upper side
shorter than the lower, lower outer angle acute: no supplementary sec-
tors except the ultra-nodal; lower sector of the triangle extending to the
hind margin of the wing; pterostigma of but one cell.
470 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
Hairs of the tibixw about twice as longas the intervals between them; a
single row of postcostal cells; arculus complete, lying in the pro-
longation of the second antecubital; tarsal nails toothed, tooth
shorter than the nail proper. Argia.
Hairs of the tibia never twice as long as, but generally shorter than,
the intervals between them; otherwise as in Argia.
2 with no apical ventral spine on 8. Postcostal vein separating
from the hind margin of the wing—in the majority of individ-
uals—at the basal postcostal cross-vein or at a less distance in
front than the latter is long;* no pale postocular spots; abdomen
moderate; color red; tooth of tarsal nails very small.
Erythragrion.
2 with an apical ventral spine on 8.t Postcostal vein separating
from hind margin of wing at least as far in front of the basal
postcostal cross-vein as the latter is long; pale postocular spots
present.
Pterostigma of é similar in color on front and hind wings, no
dorsal bifid process on 10 (except HL. evsulans é ).
Enallagma.
Pterostigma of 6 darker on front wings than on hind wings,
10 with a dorsal process, bifid at apex, in the males.
Ischnura.
Subfamily GoMPHIN”.
Legion Gomphoides Selys. All or some of the triangles with cross-veins;
membranule wanting or very small.
Feet moderate (hind femora reaching back to 1); front wings with
upper side of triangle longer than the inner, outer side longest,
broken, no supratriangulars, sectors of arculus separated at origin;
frons prominent. Progomphus.
Legion Gomphus Selys. All the triangles and the supratriangular spaces
free; membranule wanting or very small.
Superior appendages of ¢ about as longas 10, each one bifid; inferior
appendage bifid, each branch bifid. No lateral membranous appen-
dages to 8. Vertex of 2 tuberculous. Octogomphus.
Subfamily ASscHNIN”.
I. Upper piece of arculus equal to or longer than the lower piece, its
upper sector arising a short distance above the lower sector, being sep-
arated from the latter by a distance 4-4 of that separating the upper
sector from the median nerve. Supplementary sector between subnodal
“See the statistics on this subject given under Hrythragrion salvum, post.
+ Except in /schnura? erratica n. sp.
ODONATA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 471
and median sectors curved at its middle away from the former or its
posterior branch, with 3-7 rows of cells between them at that place.
Subnodal sector forked or with several small branches. Suture between
the eyes not longer than combined length of vertex and frons measured
on mid-dorsalline. Subcosta not prolonged beyond the nodus. 4 with
anal triangleand anal angle on hind wings, and auricles on 2.
A}schna.
II. Upper piece of arculus shorter than the lower piece, its upper sector
arising close to the median vein (midway between the latter and the
lower sector). External branch of lower sector in hind wings approach-
ing the upper sector for its apical half, being parallel to it and separated
by one row of cells. 4(¢) or 5(Q)-10 usually with a supplementary
lateral carina above the usual one. 4 with no anal triangle on hind
wings, anal angle rounded off, no auricles on 2. Anax.
Subfamily LiBpeLLULIN”[.
I. Lower angle of triangle of front wings placed as far beyond the level
of the outer angle of the triangle of the hind wings, as the latter triangle
is long; eyes connected for a space at most not much greater than the
thickness of the vertex; no antenodel concavity on front margin of
wings; tarsal nails toothed.
Ab. seg. 3 and 4 with two additional transverse carine, 5 with one;
nodal sector waved; anterior iamina of 4 bifid. Pantala.
Ab. seg. 3 and 4 with one additional transverse carina, 5 with none;
sectors of arculus arising from a common stalk; triangle of front
wings crossed; nodal sector not waved or broken; anterior lamina
of 6 entire. Tramea.
II. Lower angle of triangle of front wings placed on a level with the
outer angle of the triangle of the hind wings or only a little beyond it;
otherwise as in (I).
A. Hind lobe of the prothorax with its middle portion produced
upwards and backwards and narrower than the other lobes, its hind
margin usually entire; triangle not densely reticulated.
a. Sectors of the arculus in the front wings not arising by a
common stalk.
Nodal sector wayed in its middle, supratriangulars present
on front wings, triangle of hind wings often crossed, 6 with
no ventral hooks on Ist ab. seg., Q with no projecting
vulvar lamina. Libellula.
b. Sectors of the arculus in the front wings variable with or
without a common stalk at origin.
Nodal sector waved in its middle, triangle of hind wings
cross veined, ¢ with no ventral hooks on Ist ab. seg., 2 with
yulyar lamina projecting at right angles to the abdomen.
Pseudoleon.
472 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
c. Sectors of the arculus in the front wings arising by a dis-
tinctly common stalk; triangle of hind wings free. (Triangle
of front wings not broken to form a trapezium.)
Last antenodal on front wings continued to the median vein;
inner side of triangle of hind wings in the prolongation of
the areulus.
Nodal sector distinctly waved in its middle, frons with-
out lateral vertical carinz as in Orthetrum, vertex con-
cave at tip, no supratriangulars, abdomen stout.
Orthemis.
Last antenodal on front wings not continued to the median
vein.
Sectors of the triangle in the hind wings arising from the
hind angle.
Nodal sector waved in its middle, inner side of the
triangle of hind wings in the prolongation of the
arculus, triangle of front wings cross-veined.
Dythemis.
Nodal sector not waved in its middle, no supratrian-
gulars, no additional carina on 4th ab. seg.
Triangle of front wings free, tooth of tarsal nails
as long as tip of nail itself (except in MM. ine-
quiunguis). Macrothemis.
Triangle of front wings cross-veined except fre-
quently in 7’. minuscula Ramb., tooth of tarsal
nails much shorter than tip of nail itself.
Trithemis.
Sectors of the triangle in the hind wing arising, the lower
from the hind angle, the upper from the outer side.
Micrathyria.
B. Hind lobe of the prothorax erect, wider than the other lobes, its
hind margin usually bilobed.
Sectors of the triangle in the hind wings arising from its hind
angle.
Hamule of male bifid. Nodal sector not waved, last ante-
cubital on front wings rarely continued to median vein,
vertex truncated, abdomen and hind wings without the char-
acteristic color patterns of Celithemis and Leucorhinia.
Diplax.
Hamule of male not bifid. No additional transverse carina
on 4th ab. seg. Cannacria.
Sectors of the triangle in the hind wings arising, the lower from
its hind angle, the upper from its outer side; the front wings
with the sectors of the arculus arising by a common stalk, and
ODONATA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 473
the last antecubital usually not continued to the median vein;
abdomen stout, hardly as long as the hind wings, third tibize
with the spines of the antero-inferior row few (5-7) and stout;
hamule of4 bifid. Mesothemis.
The generic characters given above have been drawn
up with the intention of making them definitive as ab-
solutely as possible, and not merely with reference to the
forms found in Baja California.
Subfamily CALOPTERYGIN.
HETARINA Hagen.
Hagen, Syn. Calopt. p. 30, 1853; Mon. Calopt. p. 96, 1854. Walker,
List Neur. Ins. Brit. Mus. iv, p. 616, 1853. Calvert, Trans. Am.
Ent. Soc. xx, p. 220, 1893.
I. HETARINA CALIFORNICA Hagen.
Hagen, Bull. Ac. Belg. (2) vii, p. 440, 1859; Syn. Neur. N. A.p. 59,
1861. Selys, Bull. Ac. Belg. (2) xxxyv, p. 480, 1873. Hagen,
Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xviii, p. 23, 1875.
Three males, two females, Comondu, March, 1889,
by Chas. D. Haines.
They differ from the types by their smaller size (abdo-
men 428.5 mm., 224, hind wing 6 ? 22.5—23.5), less
number of antecubitals (17-21), and the lesser extent of
the basal red spot on the wings of the males, which reaches
but little more than half-way from the base to the nodus,
instead of four-fifths. Nevertheless they do not appear
to differ specifically from more typical individuals from
Shasta County, California, in the collection of the Ameri-
can Entomological Society in Philadelphia. Inthe writer’s
collection are specimens from San Bernardino, California,
by Mr. P. C. Truman, which are similar to those from
Comondu.
Californica is characterized by the absence of a ptero-
stigma in both sexes, and of red spots at the tips of the
wings of the male. Baron de Selys wrote (/. c. 1873)
474 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
‘‘ It appears decidely impossible to separate specifically
californica from basalis, which itself is probably only a
race of americana. The forms are identical and the
coloring of the wings is the same in the first two of these
nominal species. Ca/rfornica only differs from dasalzs
by the absence of the pterostigma...... and has hitherto
only been observed in California where it is found at the
same time as the type of dasalzs.”’
One male from California, also sent by the California
Academy, is perhaps to be referred to Walsh’s ¢exana
with which the dasa/7s of Hagen’s Synopsis of 1861, p.
60, is said to be identical. A male from Denver, Colorado,
by Mr. E. V. Beales, in the writers’s collection has the
abd. 34.5, h. w. 24, and a very small pterostigma—smaller
than in any eastern or Texan specimens of americana,
scelerata, texana, etc.; otherwise very much like ca/zfor-
nica. Lastly Hagen (1875) cites californica from Mon-
tana.
A number of the species of /7eterzna created by Walsh
can not, in the writer’s opinion, be maintained as such, as
an examination of a considerable series of individuals
shows that those characters by which he separated them,
viz.: the extent of the basal red spot on the wings and
the minute structure of the median internal tooth of the
superior appendages of the males—are very variable.
fT. scelerata Walsh and f7. texana Walsh are therefore
merely pterostigmatous variations of americana Fabr., as
pseudamericana Walsh has long been recognized to be,
while ca/zfornica is the western apterostigmatous form of
the same species.
ODONATA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 475
Subfamily AGRIONINA.
ARCHILESTES Selys.
Selys, Bull. Ac. Belg. (2) xili, p. 294, 1862.
2. ARCHILESTES GRANDIS Rambur. PI. xv, figs. 10-11.
Lestes g. Ramb. Ins. Nevr. p. 244, 1842. Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. A.
p. 66, 1861. A.g. Selys, Bull. Ac. Belg. (2) xiii, p. 294, 1862.
1Q (teneral) Comondu.
16 1 San José del Cabo.
1 San José del Cabo, Sept., 1893, G. Eisen.
24 18 San José del Cabo, Oct., 1893, G. Eisen.
5 2 Mesa Verde, Oct., 1893, G. Eisen.
1 Sierra Laguna 2000 ft., Oct., 1893, G. Eisen.
2 Sierra El Taste, Sept., 1893.
5 1 San José del Cabo, Sept., 1894, Eisen & Vaslit.
365 269
The only known species of the genus. As mentioned
by Rambur in his original description, the greatest part
ot
pe
the last two segments of the male are yellowish, or
rhaps bluish; in the female it is only the tenth segment
which is mostly pale in color.
Distribution. U. S. Colombia, Venezuela, Mexico
(Vera Cruz, Guanajuato, Baja California) ,Texas (Blanco
Coro. Calvert's coll:)
i
Ie
ArRGIA Rambur.
Rambur, Ins. Nevr. p. 254, 1842. Selys, Bull. Ac. Belg. (2) xx, p.
382, 1865. Calvert, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xx, p. 220, 1893.
Synopsis of the species of Peninsuiar California.
Rear of the head blue in life.
A black basal streak on each side of 3-5 or 6 in 9 but not in 4 ;
upper half of black humeral stripe usually forked; femora with an
anterior and a superior black line. ¢ Apex of sup. app. rounded,
entire, with a small inner, inferior, anteapical denticle. @Q 8-9 or 10
with a black, basal streak each side. agrioides (Selys MS.) n. sp.
2. A black basal streak on each side of 3-5 or 6 in both ¢ and 9;
upper half of black humeral stripe usually not forked; the two black
lines on the femora often fused together. 4 Apex of sup. app. an
acute angle, a minute tubercle on outer side of appendage. @ 8-10
unspotted with black, or 9 only with a black basal spot each side.
vivida Selys.
476 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCiENCES.
II. Rear of head predominantly blackish.
3. Eyes brown above in life. 6 Head and thorax mostly metallic violet;
abdomen mostly black; sup. app. half as long as 10, apical third bifid,
outer-upper branch larger. Q Head and thorax and abdomen mostly
black, 10 blue, 9 blue with a black spot each side at base.
: cuprea Hagen.
4. 4 Eyes bright red in life; head and thorax mostly metallic brown;
abdomen mostly violet or violet-blue, with black markings; sup. app.
nearly as long as 10, extreme apex bifid, branches equal.
enea Selys.
3. ARGIA AGRIOIDES (Selys MS.) n. sp. Pl. xv, fig. 14.
56 92 Comondu.
5 1 Baja Purisima, April, 1889, C. D. Haines.
1 El Rosario, May, 1889, C. D. Haines.
20 12 San José del Cabo, not dated.
1 San José del Cabo, Sept., 1893, G. Eisen.
3 San José del Cabo, Oct. 1893, G. Eisen.
4 2 Mesa Verde, Oct. 1893, G. Eisen.
1 Sierra El Taste, Sept., 1893, G. Eisen.
1 1 Miraflores, Sept., 1894, Eisen & Vaslit.
7 1 San José del Cabo, Sept., 1894, Eisen & Vaslit.
486 269
é Bright blue, the following black: sometimes a line
from each antenna base to the anterior ocellus; a stripe
from each eye to and behind the lateral ocellus of the
same side, the right and left stripes uniting in the middle;
a stripe from each eye to the side of the occiput, where it
is connected with the preceding stripe; a mid-dorsal
band on the prothorax, but often leaving small median
blue spots—two on the middle and one on the hind lobe;
a mid-dorsal thoracic band whose width is little if any
more than that of the blue remaining on either side of
itself (2. e. blue predominating on thoracic dorsum); a
humeral stripe, forked in its upper half, the posterior
branch diverging, running upwards and slightly back-
wards, but not reaching the base of the front wing, some-
times interrupted; a short line marking the upper end of
the first lateral thoracic suture; a complete line on the
ODONATA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 477
second lateral suture; small marks on the metasternum;
an anterior and a superior femoral line (tarsi brown); a
small dorsal quadrangular spot on the basal half of 1; a
basal streak and an apical spot on either side of 2, or
streak and spot of each side united; apical fourth of
3-6, more or less cleft anteriorly on the mid-dorsal
line, and often including a minute blue spot on either
side; nearly all of 7 except a transverse basal ring and a
minute apical spot each side (black sometimes divided by
a narrow, mid-dorsal, longitudinal line); sterna and
articulations of 3-7.:
Apical dorsal half of 10 cleft, a blue bifid tubercle in
the excision. Superior appendages half as long as Io,
pale blue, apex rounded, entire, a small, black, inferior
denticle on the inner side before the apex. Inferior
appendages a little longer, pale blue, directed upwards,
apex slightly notched when viewed in profile, upper
division produced into a rather acute, dorsally directed
black point, lower division rounded off.
Note. One male from Comondu, otherwise agreeing
with the above description, has a black basal, streak on
either side of 4-6, thus resembling vzvzda.
Males from Texas and Los Angeles, Calif., have the
humeral stripe often not forked, no line on the upper end
of the first lateral thoracic suture, no basal streak on 2,
apical fifth of 3-6 black, apical streak on each side of
8-9. Females from Texas have no line on the first
lateral suture, no basal streak on 2, the black on 7
divided longitudinally by a pale mid-dorsal line.
? Very pale lilac replacing the blue of the 6 ; marked
with black having a metallic green reflection, as in the 6
except as follows: 3-7 with a basal streak each side in
addition to the apex; 8-9 with a basal streak each side
and indications of such on to. Mid-dorsal thoracic
478 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
carina usually, but not always yellowish. 10 cleft
dorsally almost to base; appendages very short, not
exceeding anal tubercle.
62. Wings clear. Pterostigma brown, surmounting
one cell. Front wings with 11-14 postcubitals, 4 dis-
coidal cells (3 on one wing of one male, five on one wing
of another 4). Hind wings with 9-12 postcubitals, 3
discoidal cells (four in one wing only of two males).
Abdomen 6 23-27 mm., ¢ 23-25. Hind wing 4
I7.5-20.5,% 19-20.5. Having sent a pair 6 ? of this
species to Baron de Selys, he wrote that it ‘‘ est peut étre
une espece inédite que j'ai nommé A. agriozdes MS.
dans la collection de M. MacLachlan.’’
Distribution. Baja California as above, California
(1 4 San Bernardino, Feb. or March, 1892, by Mr. P. C.
Traman, 162? Los Angeles, by Dr.-A. Davidson, Pale
Calvert's coll); Texas (Blanco: ‘Go. 2.) Pa /Calveree
coll. )
4.) AREA Vivips (Magen) Sehys.. lisa, ioe elas
A. v. Selys, Bull. Ac. Belg. (2) xx, p. 406, 1565.
26 32 Comondu.
5 Baja Purisima, April, 1889, C. D. Haines.
1 Sierra El Taste, Sept., 1893, G. EHisen.
1 1 Sierra Laguna, Oct., 1893, G. Eisen.
1 1 Mesa Verde, Oct., 1893, G. Eisen.
é Similar to agrvordes; differs in the black markings
as tollows: humeral stripe merely a single line in its upper
half usually not forked;* no line on first lateral thoracic
suture; the two femoral stripes fused into a single, superior
black band.
Superior appendages pale, half as long as 10, apical
half bent downwards and ending in a moderately acute,
*Forked in two males from Baja Purisima.
ODONATA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 479
blackish angle which lies on the inner (median) side of
the inferior appendage of the same side of the body; a
minute tubercle exists on the outer side of the appendage
where the apical part is bent downwards. Inferior ap-
pendages similar to those of agrzozdes, or as in the male
from Sierra Laguna, more deeply notched at apex, lower
division more produced, more slender.
? Similar to the ¢. Last three segments unspotted or
only 9 with a small black basal spot each side; mid-dorsal
thoracic carina black; otherwise similar to agrzozdes 2 .
6? Wings clear. Pterostigma luteous, surmounting
one cell only ora little more than one cell. Front wings
with 13-15 postcubitals, 4-5 discoidal cells. Hind wings
with 11-14 postcubitals, 3-4 discoidal cells.
Abdomen 4 25-29.5, 2 26—-29.5. Hind wing 4 19-23,
2 21.5-24.
Having sent a pair of this species to Baron de Selys,
he wrote of it,-“ A
single specimen in too poor condition for determination.
STRATIOMYIDZ.
4. HERMETIA AURATA Bellardi. San José del Cabo,
Baja California (Eisen). September. ‘Thirty-four spec-
imens. These I refer all to this species.) Dheyeare
very uniform in size. All but one are about 11 mm. long,
and that one isg mm. The abdomen is of a yellowish-
brown color, with first segment blackish, and other seg-
ments clothed with the short golden pubescence except a
bare spot on lateral edge of each.
5. HERMETIA EISENI DN. sp.
Three specimens, measuring 9 to 14 mm., have the
abdomen blacker, and the golden pubescence absent from
anterior half of fourth segment and anterior two-thirds or
more of second and third segments, these areas being
dark brown and uniting the lateral spots of the segments.
The golden pubescence extends anteriorly in an angular
projection on each side of these three segments. They
also differ in having less yellow on the wings, this color
being an arc-like marking extending narrowly along an-
terior edge of anal cell and across discal to marginal cells.
The portion of the wing anterior to this arc is blackish
like rest of wing, but in //. awrata this portion is all yel-
low like the arc. The thorax is somewhat darker and
less golden pubescent, but in other respects, including
coloration of legs and antennz, the species agrees with
Hf. aurata. The golden pubescence of thorax is confined
to a median line considerably or greatly abbreviated be-
hind, and to a marginal band on hind border. The spec-
DIPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 595
imen referred by O. S. to H. aurata in the Biol. C. —A.,
Dipt., seems to come close to this form. The large suee
imen (14 mm.) is from San José del Cabo, and the oth-
ers are from El Taste.
ACANTHOMERIDAD.
6. ACANTHOMERA CHAMPIONI Osten Sacken, Biol) C=
A., Dipt. i, pp. 67-8. Costa Rica (W. Gierisch). One
female. Length, 45 mm. to end of 7th segment. The
two broader velvety black vittee of thoracic dorsum are
continued on the sides of scutellum and meet on the hind
border, thus forming a velvety black margin to the scu-
tellum. The latter is not yellowish pruinose at base.
First abdominal segment is velvety black on front border,
as well as behind. The fifth segment is fully one-third
the width of fourth. The first and second antennal joints
are shining, but the third is opaque with more of a dull
grayish cast. The facial tubercle is moderately promi-
nent. In all other particulars agreeing with Osten Sack-
en’s description, except that the shining spot of middle
of thoracic dorsum is nearer the scutellum (where the
pin enters), and is perhaps produced by the entrance of
the pin.
The lateral edges of third and fourth segments are
sharp and ciliate. There are apparently no hind femoral
spines, but the face has a very distinct rounded - conical
tubercle just below base of antenne. Palpi are normal,
sublinear.
TABANIDE.
7- SILVIUS GIGANTULUS Loew. Lake Tahoe, Sierra
Nevada, Cal. (C. Troyer). Two females. They meas-
ure 8%, and nearlyg mm. The abdomen in both is of
an even deep yellow hue, with a faint tinge of orange.
The basal segment of the abdomen has the transverse
double cinereous marking, but there are no traces of cin-
596 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
ereous on the second segment. No dark spot on venter.
Facial, frontal and ocellar callosities perfect.
8. APATOLESTES COMASTES Will. El] Paraiso, Baja
California (Haines). May. Five females. Rancho
Viejo, B: C:, April, one Q= LT refer these somey aan
doubtfully to this species. Their length is 10 mm.
They agree quite well with Williston’s description. The
tibia are rather brownish which may be due to bad pre-
servation, and the cross-veins are hardly clouded.
g. APATOLESTES (or nov. gen.) EISENI n. sp.
San José del Cabo (Eisen). One 4. Length, 7%
mm. Wholly blackish. Thorax with a slight whitish
bloom. Scutellum and abdomen shining blackish brown.
Legs black. Wings quite evenly and very decidedly
smoky, a little lighter in the neighborhood of anal angle.
Eyes contiguous for a long distance, flattened anteriorly,
face short. Antenne rather slender, not long, brownish,
first joint short, second still shorter; third not like Apa-
tolestes, but composed of only five annuli, the basal one
swollen and rather bead-like, as thick as first and second
antennal joints, while the remaining annuli are slender.
Proboscis and palpi blackish. Hind tibia with spurs.
Ocelli present.
This can hardly be the ¢ of A fpatolestes comastes Will.,
and I believe will prove to be anew genus. It is entirely
different from Chrysops in its antennal structure, and can
hardly be either a Silvius or an Apatolestes. I hesitate
to describe the genus, however, from the male alone. In
antennal characters it seems to approach the genus Go-
niops Aldrich.
10. CHRYSOPS PACHYCERA Will. El Taste, Baja Cal-
ifornia (Eisen). September. One 2? and two males.
These agree with Williston’s description in the color of
DIPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 597
the antenne, those of the male being slightly darker, but
the first two joints of 6 antenne are no shorter than those
of female. I therefore believe that the 6 specimen de-
scribed by Williston under this name belongs to another
species. Williston does not mention the color of the scu-
tellum, which is black. The males have thorax blacker,
and more black on median portions of first two abdominal
segments.
Il. THERIOPLECTES COMASTES Will. Rancho Viejo,
Baja California (Haines). April. Three females. Baja
Purisima, B. C., April. One?. I refer these to this
species rather than to 7. phenops O.S., because they
have the antenne largely reddish. There is no trace of
cloud on the furcation of third vein. Two specimens have
the red of sides of abdomen much more extensive than
have the others. The first two antennal joints and base
of third are reddish. Length, about 15 mm.
12. THERIOPLECTES PH#Nops O. Sack. California
(probably near San Francisco). Six females and one
male. Antenne wholly black. In the male the median
black stripe on abdomen is not so jagged but more even
on the edge, and the rufous does not extend on the fourth
segment. One of the females agrees with it in this re-
spect. Wings with a hardly perceptible trace of a brown
cloud on furcation of third vein. Length, 13-14 mm.
One of the females shows a peculiar deformity of the ab-
dominal segments.
13. TaBanus 2cGRoTus O. S. Sierra county, Cal.
One female, length, 21 mm., I refer to this species.
14. TABANUS LINEOLA Fab. California (probably
near San Francisco). One female.
El Taste, B.C. (Eisen). Two?. September. Length,
11% to I4 mm.
598 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
15. TABANUS PUNCTIFER O. Sack. San José del
Cabo, Baja California (Eisen). Two females. Length,
about 18 mm. ‘The front, thorax and scutellum are de-
nuded in both, and in one the frontal callosity is in con-
sequence not distinguishable, being concolorous with
rest of front. The denuded thorax and scutellum are of
a brownish red.
El Taste, Baja California (Eisen). September. Four
females and one male. San Ignacio, B. C., April, two
females (Haines). San José del Cabo (Eisen), Septem-
ber, one male.
ASILIDA.
16. STICHOPOGON TRIFASCIATUS Say. San José del
Cabo, Baja California (Eisen). Four specimens. The
second, third, fifth and sixth abdominal segments are vel-
vety opaque black, except the narrow laterally widening
front borders which are covered with the silvery bloom
of the rest of the abdomen.
17. PROMACHUS nN. sp.?
San José del Cabo, Lower California (G. Eisen). One
female. It seems to most nearly approach P. magnus
Bellardi. But there are no distinct vittae or spots on the
pollinose thorax, the wings are hyaline, and there is no
fuliginous in the first submarginal cell. Length, includ-
ing the short ovipositor, 32 mm.; of wing, 24 mm.
18. ERrax carinatus Bellardi? Hermosillo(Sonora),
Mexico (Eisen). One female. I refer this specimen
doubtfully to this species, on the strength of Osten Sack-
en’s note on two similar females from Presidio, Mexico
(Biol. Centr._Am. Dipt.i, 205). In the present speei-
men, however, the hairs on the scutellum are quite whitish,
and the ovipositor is not so elongate. Only the male ot
carinatus was described by Bellardi, and Osten Sacken,
DIPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 599
who has seen the type, is inclined to refer his females to
that species.
19. ERAX CINERASCENS Bellardi. San José del Cabo,
Baja California (Eisen). Twenty-seven females and one
male. Osten Sacken warns us not to confound this
species with the Mexican &. ¢ricolor Bell., which has
black hairs in its mystax. All of the above specimens
have the mystax wholly whitish or yellowish. But the
twenty-seven females were taken in company with the
large number of males mentioned under Ft. tricolor, and
all of which had black bristles in the mystax. Only one
male was taken with a wholly whitish or yellowish mys-
tax, which makes it seem very improbable that this and
tricolor are distinct species, yet they may be so.
20. ErRAx TRICOLOR Bellardi. San José del Cabo,
Baja California. September. Twenty-two females
and thirty-eight males. These specimens all agree in
having black bristles in the yellowish-white mystax.
Otherwise they do not differ at all from 4. cenerascens
Bell., and both forms occur extensively in company with
each other.
21. PROCTACANTHUS ARNO 0. sp.
San José del Cabo, Baja California (Eisen). Eleven
females and ten males.
Length, 2, 31-38 mm.; 4, 25-32 mm. Antenne and
eyes blackish, front with black hairs, and some white at
anterior angles; face yellow, cheeks dark, the whole with
white beard extending on occiput. Thorax brownish
ashy, with a median pair of distinct dark brown vitte
which are attenuated posteriorly. _Humeri somewhat
lighter, with a whitish pollinose area behind them along
sides of thorax. Pleure and sternum grayish with gray-
ish hair. Abdomen more or less grayish or ashy on
600 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
basal half and with grayish hair, chiefly on first to third
segments, the dorsum of segments blackish. Second
and third segments, especially in the female, more or less
faintly reddish on sides, other segments more broadly and
distinctly so, the black of dorsum of segments being well
defined and widening posteriorly. The red is often in-
distinct and more or less absorbed in the male. Hypo-
pygium a little elongate, ovipositor not large. Legs red-
dish, with a quite even black tinge on the outer surface.
Macrochetz black, pulvilli yellowish. Wings very faintly
and evenly tinged with smoky.
22. PROCTACANTHUS ZAMON DN. sp.
San José del Cabo, Baja California (Eisen). Twenty
females and thirty-seven males.
6%. Length, 21 to 27 mm. A stout species with
large thorax. Head blackish, front with black hair; face
more yellowish, with long pale yellow beard, extending
on the cheeks. First antennal joint black; second and
third brown, subequal, shorter than first, style longer than
antenne. Thorax soft brownish black, with an indistinct
pair of median vitte, having a narrow reddish line be-
tween them anteriorly which may extend to scutellum.
A reddish line extending inward on suture from root of
wings, and a line outside median vitte posteriorly. A
whitish spot inside the humeri. Humeri, edges of thor-
acic dorsum, and the scutellum brown, the latter with
bristly black hair, hind margins ot thorax with black ma-
crochete. First two abdominal segments blackish with
blackish pile, the second usually with a yellow hind mar-
gin; rest of abdomen yellow, with yellow pile which is
chiefly on third and fourth segments. Some yellow pile
on hind margin of second segment in both sexes ‘Ter-
minal segments with a deeper yellow tinge. Abdomen
tapering in both sexes, more so in female, ovipositor rather
DIPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 601
small and spinose, hypopygium small. Legs chestnut
brown, with black hair and black macrocheete, the hind
tibia conspicuously yellowish with yellow hair, the hind
tarsi pale brownish. Pulvilli broadly yellowish on bor-
ders. Wings subhyaline, very evenly tinged with smoky.
APIOCERIDZ.
The collection contains no less than twenty specimens
of Rhaphiomidas! Baja California seems to be the home
of this remarkable genus, especially the Cape Region of
the peninsula. Four species are represented in the ma-
terial, of which I describe two as new. Ina third I rec-
ognize episcopus of Osten Sacken (but not of Coquillett).
The fourth is acton Coqll. The following table will serve
to separate these four species:
Table of Species of Rhaphiomidas.
1. Abdomen wholly black; wings with a smoky tinge, antenne blackish.
episcopus O. S. (non Coqll.)
Abdomen not entirely black; wings hyaline, antennz yellowish or red-
dish at least on third joint. 2
2. Abdomen almost wholly yellow. xanthos n. sp.
None of the abdominal segments entirely yellow, the second to fourth
each partly yellow and partly blackish. 3
3. Ground color of abdomen yeliowish, only the front border and a me-
dian spot on second to fourth segments blackish; bristles of legs
and scutellum yellowish. acton Coqll.
Ground color blackish, only the hind border of second to fourth seg-
ments yellowish; bristles of hind border of scutellum and of mid-
dle and hind legs blackish. mellifex n. sp.
These forms are of much interest in view of the long
disputed question as to the systematic position of Apio-
cera and the allied genera, and as to whether the group
should be given family rank. I have examined none of
the genera other than Rhaphiomidas, but I can give my
opinion upon the latter. After an examination of this
material and a study of Dr. Williston’s able résumé and
discussion of the subject, including his investigations of
602 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
the mouth parts (Kans. Univ. Quart. i, pp. 101-118), lam
quite prepared to accept the family Apioceride. There
seems an abundance of difference between this family
and the Asilida on the one side and between it and the
Mydaidz on the other. These differences are certainly
more in favor of the Asilide than of the Mydaide,
though they are too great to admit of uniting them in
the same family.
The small cross-vein on the posterior margin of the
wing (between the anal cell and the tip of wing) is dis-
tinct and well developed throughout in all my speci-
mens of wanthos, mellifex and acton; but it is atrophied
terminally in both specimens of efzscofus (see description
of that species). It should also be noted that the apical
style of third antennal joint is minute in all the species,
almost microscopical.
23. RHAPHIOMIDAS ACTON Coquillett. Sonora, Mex-
ico (Eisen). One male. It agrees in every particular
with Mr. Coquillett’s description (W. Am. Sci. vii, pp.
85-6), except that the hypopygium is more than one-half
as long as abdomen. (Abdomen measures 9 mm.; hypo-
pygium, nearly 6 mm.) Length (hypopygium, deflected
upward), 23 mm.; of wing, 18 mm.; expanse, about 42
mm.
The ocelli show very plainly, not as convex and shin-
ing, but as excavated and yellowish pollinose, leaving
only a circular shining blackish rim.
Coquillett does not give a full description of acton, but
compares it with /?. me//zfex, which he identified as epzs-
copus. The present specimen has, in addition to the
black of the abdomen mentioned by Coquillett, four black
lateral spots on segments 2, 3,4 and 5. They are rather
triangular in shape, and decrease markedly in size pos-
teriorly, the first being large and the fourth minute and
DIPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 603
hardly apparent. Each occupies the lateral anterior an-
gle of the dorsal sclerite of the segment. Hypopygium
is entirely blackish. Palpi brownish, clothed with yel-
lowish-white bristles. Venter yellowish. All the femora
blackish, but yellowish at tips, the hind pair more nar-
rowly so; tibie and tarsi wholly whitish yellow.
The bristles of hind border of scutellum are clear yel-
lowish. Hypopygium is clothed with short yellowish
pile. Antenne are blackish or brown, third joint red-
dish. In both me//ifex and acton, as well as xanthos, the
macrochete of antennae are yellow, while in epzscopus
they are blackish.
24. RHAPHIOMIDAS EPIscopus Osten Sacken (non
Coquillett). Baja California, September (Eisen). Two
specimens, 6 2, San José del Cabo.
Length, 20-21 mm., excluding antenne. After study-
ing Osten Sacken’s description and Coquillett’s notes,
with the material before me, I have no hesitation in say-
ing that Coquillett did not possess 7. episcopus O.S., but
that the species which he so identified is a new species
which I describe below as Pe. mellifex. LF. episcopus has
no yellow whatever on the abdomen in either sex. Co-
quillett’s statements that the 6 of 2°. eprscopus has the last
three abdominal segments destitute of black pile, and that
in both sexes each abdominal segment is bordered poste-
riorly with yellowish, show that he had Fe. mellifex under
observation.
The male of 2. epfiscopus has yellowish pile on the first
abdominal segment only (also on the thorax, occiput,
front, face, and front coxe); the rest of the abdominal
segments, especially the last three even including the hy-
popygium at base, having black pile. The female has
segments one to four bordered with yellowish pile, less
conspicuous in the middle of fourth. Antenne in both
604 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
sexes are blackish, third joint slightly reddish. Thorax
blackish in ground color, grayish pollinose, showing a me-
dian approximated pair of dark vittz abbreviated posteri-
orly. The middle and hind coxe, especially in the fe-
male, are also yellow pilose. The hypopygium is not
nearly so large as in /e. acton, about same size as in /.
xanthos. The middle and hind legs of male are almost
wholly blackish, the tarsi being brownish and the pulvilli
yellowish; the middle tibiz are also somewhat brownish.
The front tibia and tarsi, however, are brownish yellow
with pile of the same color. Macrochetz of legs all
black. The female has the middle tibiz and tarsi more
yellowish, and the front tibiz and tarsi still more so, the
latter with some of the macrochete yellowish. Macro-
chete of margin of thorax and scutellum blackish in both
sexes. In the right wing of the male the small cross-vein
of posterior margin is represented only by the merest
stump, and is abbreviated and attenuated in the other
wing and in both wings of the female. The ocelli are
concave and pollinose. This species may be known by
the smoky tinge of its wings, the wings in the other
species being perfectly clear.
It should be noted that Osten Sacken says that his
specimen may have come from Lower California.
25; RHAPHIOMIDAS MELLIFEX Nn. Sp.
Syn. L. episcopus Coquillett (non Osten Sacken).
Baja California. September (Eisen). Six females,
from San José del Cabo. ‘This is apparently the species
which Coquillett (West Am. Sci., Jan. 1891, p. 85) men-
tions as A. episcopus. The distinctions which he has
drawn there between this species and acfon are nullified
by his later article in Can. Ent. (Dec. 1892, pp. 314-315).
The ocelli are not convex and shining, but are collapsed
and yellowish pollinose as they are in all the other species
DIPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 605
of Rhaphiomidas. The bristles of posterior angles of
thorax are, as a rule, yellowish, but sometimes somewhat
blackish; those of hind border of scutellum, however, are
blackish in all of my specimens. The ground color of
whole body is blackish, thorax and scutellum gray polli-
nose, leaving a pair of closely approximated dark vitte
abbreviated behind. Abdominal segments two, three,
and four are bordered on about posterior one-third with
yellowish, the yellow widening laterally on second. First
segment very narrowly yellowish on hind border, espe-
cially laterally. Legs colored as in acton (pale or yellow-
ish, the femora except tips darker), macrochetz of mid-
dle and hind legs blackish or brown, those of front legs
yellow. (In acton, the macrochete of the legs are en-
tirely yellow.) The last three segments of abdomen are
more or less yellow in ground color, but appear blackish
from being clothed with the short, appressed, anteriorly
directed, black hairs. Pile of rest of abdomen whitish or
yellowish. Wings clear. Antenne yellowish, third joint
more or less reddish, sometimes the basal joints brown-
ish. Pile of thorax, occiput, face, front, coxa, and ster-
num yellowish, that of latter more whitish. The middle
and front tibiz and tarsi are clearer and lighter yellowish
than those of hind legs. Length, 21 to 26 mm.
Although my six specimens are all females, and my
eleven specimens of wxanthos are all males, and moreover
both were largely collected at the same time and place,
still I do not believe that Iam describing two sexes of the
same species. The sexes of Rhaphiomidas appear to
closely agree in coloration. Coquillett assures us that
the sexes of acfon are alike in coloring. Besides, vanthos
comes much nearer to acfon in coloring than it does to
mellifex, and we know that it can not be the male of
acton. From mellifex it further differs in the macro-
chete of scutellum (and middle femora) being yellow.
606 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
26. RHAPHIOMIDAS XANTHOS DN. sp.
San José del Cabo, Lower California (Eisen). One
male. Length, 21 mm.; of wing, over 17 mm.
Differs from 7/2. acton as follows: Abdomen entirely
orange- yellow, only the base of first segment and the
base and a median triangular cloud of second segment
blackish. Hypopygium about one-fourth as long as ab-
domen. Macrochete of femora mostly black, especially
of hind femora. .
Differs from /’. epzscopus (besides in above characters )
as follows: Bristles of posterior angles of thorax and scu-
tellum yellow. Abdomen shorter than wings. Segments
5, 6 and 7 together not longer than third.
The hypopygium is concolorous with the abdomen,
orange-yellow, with a hardly darker or reddish tinge.
The front is narrower than in the male of acton, es-
pecially at the vertex. In acton (6) the front is but
slightly widened anteriorly near antenne. In wanthos
(4 ) the front widens quite evenly from vertex to base of
antenne, being fully twice as wide anteriorly as at vertex.
Antenne and legs entirely orange-yellow, with a reddish
tinge basally. The venter is concolorous with the abdo-
men, entirely orange- yellow, and the sides of abdomen
are without the lateral black markings (on second, third,
and fourth segments) of acton. The eyes seem to be
more of a purplish than of a greenish tinge. The coxe
and trochanters are of the brownish color of the pleural
regions.
Palpi smaller than in acton, and apparently not so bris-
tly, yellowish in color. Whole abdomen, venter and hy-
popygium especially, clothed with silken yellowish pile,
rather long below but not especially thick, more so on the
sides and extremity.
Since the above description was drawn up, there were
DIPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 607
received, in a second lot of material from the Academy,
ten additional specimens, all males, from San José del
Cabo. They vary from 17; .to 22 mm. in length.._The
whole body is yellowish pilose, and the macrochete are
wholly yellow except those of hind legs black. The tho-
rax is blackish in ground color, grayish pollinose, leaving
a median pair of geminate dark vittee abbreviated behind,
and a widened tapering vitta on each side reaching scu-
tellum. Sometimes there is a faint trace of black on me-
dian anterior portion of third abdominal segment. The
hypopygium is uniformly short and much smaller than in
acton.
This species seems to mimic, in general appearance,
the large asilid with yellow abdomen described in this
paper as Proctacanthus zamon, which is very common in
the southern portions of Baja California. The resem-
blance is very striking.
ACROCERID.
27. PTERODONTIA VIX nN. sp.
Southern California. One specimen. Length, 5 mm.;
of wing, 5 mm.
I do not believe that this can be Pt. mzsella O. Sack.
Williston states in his characterization of the family that
the eyes are contiguous in both sexes. Yet (in Trans.
Am. Ent. Soc.) he later states that he has speci-
mens of Pt. misella, which Osten Sacken says is very
like Pt. flavipes, differing only in size and the coloring
of the abdomen. Now, Macquart figures and describes
Pt. flavipes as having a very widened head with widely
separated eyes, and the costal dilatation of the wing and
its venation are very different from what is found in the
present specimen. If Macquart’s description of Pr. flav-
épes is correct, and he says he figures the type described
2p Ser., Vou. IV. ( 40 ) April 8, 1895,
608 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
by Gray in Griffith’s Animal Kingdom, then the present
species is entirely different from P¢. mzse/la.
It may be recognized by the following characters: En-
tirely black, except the irregular posterior half of abdo-
men, the venter, the front legs, and the tibiz and tarsi of
the middle and hind legs. The venter and the light por-
tions of legs are yellowish, the front femora being dark
basally. The posterior portions of abdomen are orange-
yellow, being the sides of second segment, and all of
third, fourth and fifth (anal) segments except a median
black stripe on third, which is much widened anteriorly
where it joins the black of anterior portions and less
widened posteriorly, and a median black spot at base of
fifth. In the red of sides of second segment there isa
triangular black spot, whose edge is identical with poste-
rior border of the segment.
The head is hemispherical, mostly taken up with the
contiguous eyes, which are very pilose. The costal dil-
atation of wing is very pronounced and obtuse or swollen
in outline, with the short but stout tooth on the outer pos-
terior border of swelling. The tegula are smoky, with
a blackish narrow border. Wings hyaline; wing- veins
yellowish, brownish basally.
28. EuLoncHus Tristis Loew. California. One
specimen. Abdomen more greenish than violaceous.
29. ONCODES AEDON 2. sp.
Baja Purisima, Lower California. April. One spec-
imen. Length, slightly more than 4 mm.
Very similar to Oncodes humeralis O. Sack. (Biol.
Centr.-Am., Dipt., i, 164-5), but differs in the tegulz
being fuscous whitish with a well-defined narrow dark
brown margin. Wings without apical brownish tinge.
Humeral and prescutellar callosities, and upper pleure,
DIPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 609
brownish yellow. Thorax and scutellum, and lower
pleure, brownish black. Legs yellowish brown, tarsi
darker. Head black, thorax with short yellowish pubes-
cence. Tegule obscure whitish, or with a fuscous tinge,
possessing a well-defined narrow dark brown border.
Knob of halteres brown. Abdomen brownish, hind bor-
ders of segments yellowish white. Wings subhyaline,
costal margin brown distally and more yellowish basally.
This species differs from O. pallidipennis Lw. in the
blackish scutellum, yellowish outer humeral callosities
and pleurz, and more distinctly margined tegula. From
O. melampus Lw., it differs in the yellowish humeral and
prescutellar callosities, yellowish pleure and much smaller
size and lighter coloring.
The notes on the following two species of Oncodes col-
lected by myself, are introduced here by kind permission
of the Academy, while on the subject of this family.
30. ONcopES MELAMpPUS Loew. San Francisco Mt.,
Arizona. One specimen taken in fir zone, July 15. It
agrees well with Loew’s description. Wings hyaline,
tegule watery white and blackish margined. Wing veins
brown. Legs brownish black. Length, about 6 mm.;
of wing, 6% mm.
This species was described from California.
31. ONCODES PALLIDIPENNIS Loew. Dixie Landing,
Va., May 25, a very light brownish yellow specimen;
and Washington, D. C., June 1,a normal brown speci-
men. The lighter yellowish specimen is apparently only
an immature individual.
I refer these somewhat doubtfully to this species on
the distinctions given by Loew (Centur., vi, 32), other-
wise I would be inclined to refer them to O. dispar Macq.
The tegule are more whitish than yellowish, very nar-
610 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
rowly and faintly fuscous marginate, the halteres are
black except the pallid stalk, and the wings have no stig-
mal spot, but the two costal veins are brown distally.
The small humeral callosities are yellowish, and the scu-
tellum and prescutellar callosities are brownish yellow.
I mention these points because Osten Sacken states in
the Biol. Centr.-_Am., Dipt. (i, p. 165), that O. humeralis
O.S. and O. zncultus O. S. are the only North American
species of the genus with the humeral callosities of a paler
color than the thorax. Outside the small yellow anterior
callosities, and adjoining them, there are much larger
dark brown humeral callosities.
SYRPHIDZ.
32. MicRODON VIRIDIS nN. sp.
San José del Cabo, Baja California (Eisen). One fe-
male.
Length, 7 mm. Bright green. Face and front brill-
iant bright green, the latter witha slight bluish reflection.
Face with dense whitish pile, front with less dense black-
ish pile. Antenne brown, first two joints somewhat shin-
ing, third joint with an opaque whitish bloom in certain
lights; third joint hardly shorter than first. Thorax green
with a purplish luster in disk, scutellum bright green with
two moderately approximated rather slender sharp spines.
Thorax and scutellum with whitish pile. Pleure bright
green, whitish pilose. Abdomen bright green, somewhat
purplish on hind half and sides; the whole with whitish
pubescence shorter than that on thorax and scutellum,
but that on sides and extremity is longer than the dorsal
pubescence. Venter greenish, less so on sides. Femora
bright green, the tips and whole of tibia yellowish with a
brownish tinge, hind tibiz with a median green spot on
outer surface. ‘Tarsi dark brownish, hind metatarsi de-
DIPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 611
cidedly incrassate. Wings nearly clear, some of the
cross-veins slightly yellowish infuscated.
This species wonderfully resembles a small green bee.
33. MicRopON XANTHOPILIS nN. sp.
California. Two specimens, é @. Length, about 11
mm. Pile of whole body is brassy yellow, in the almost
orange yellow. Antenne brown, first joint fully as long
as second and third together. Head, thorax, scutellum,
and first two abdominal segments shining metallic green;
rest of abdomen brown, fourth segment of ? nearly as
long as preceding two, in much longer. Spines of scu-
tellum not prominent. Legs brown, short golden pilose.
Hind metatarsi but little swollen in either sex, as long as
next two joints. Wings uniformly slightly smoky. Pile
of face, front, thorax, scutellum, and base of abdomen
thicker and longer than on rest of abdomen.
It differs from megalogaster Snow by the golden pile of
abdomen, and brown coloring of latter. It is more nearly
related to megalogaster than to bombtformis Towns., which
is a stouter and larger species than either. In the right
wing of the é the stump of vein normally found in first
posterior cell is absent.
340 CHILOSIA Spee
Marin county, Cal. (Haines). One male. Length,
9% mm. Abdomen opaque black, first segment shining
black; narrow anterior border entire of second, third,
and fourth segments dark metallic shining green. These
green cross-bands are the only difficulty in the way of
locating the specimen in this genus, with which it agrees
in all other characters. It cannot be placed in Melanos-
toma, as the arista is plumose. |
The thorax and scutellum are -blackish green. An-
tenne reddish brown, third joint largely yellowish on
612 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
basal half ormore. Face entirely greenish black. Wings
clear, stigma yellowish. Legs black, tibiz and tarsi more
or less yellowish, the anterior and middle pairs almost
wholly so. Scutellum with marginal bristles, abdomen
moderately hairy.
35- SYRPHUS OPINATOR O. Sack. California. One
female. It agrees in all respects with Osten Sacken’s
description of the females which he referred to this spe-
cies (as quoted by Williston in Monogr.) The metallic
green portion of the front is dusted with brassy yellow
pollen only posteriorly and laterally, leaving a dark shin-
ing crescent on the front border, concave anteriorly.
Length, 10 mm.
36. VOLUCELLA ESTEBANA DN. Sp.
San Esteban, Baja California, Mexico (Cal. Acad.
Sci.). April, 1889. A pair, 6 2, 2 cowtu. Length, 7%
mm.
Small, light colored except head and thorax. Face
and front pale whitish yellow, median vitta of face well
defined and rather narrow, with stripe of cheeks black or
dark brown. Front of female black across ocelli, near
antennz with two brown spots. The two brown spots
become, in the frontal triangle, a margin along the eyes.
Face and eyes whitish pilose, frontal triangle blackish
pilose, also front of female above. Antenna brown, ba-
sal joints yellowish or lighter; arista longer than third
joint, blackish, densely short plumose above. Thorax
shining black, with two median whitish pollinose vitte
abbreviated behind; sides, scutellum, and two longitudi-
nally elongate spots in front of latter, pale yellowish or
whitish. Pile of thorax and scutellum whitish, that of
pleure longer. Abdomen brownish, the second and third
segments broadly pale yellowish or whitish, the light col-
DIPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 613
oring of the two segments coalescing on each side into a
kidney-shaped marking. Fourth segment in female red-
dish-brown, with three blackish spots; in male reddish,
dark in middle, and pale on sides anteriorly. Hypopy-
gium brown. Venter of female broadly yellow on all
basal region, brown apically and slenderly on median
line; of male brown on base, yellow on each side, and
brown apically. Pubescence of abdomen whitish, longer
and more noticeable on fourth segment. Legs brown,
knees and bases of all the tibia yellowish. Wings wholly
hyaline; stigma very dilute, appearing as a small pale
brown cloud, second vein regular.
37. VOLUCELLA ESURIENS Fabr. San José del Cabo,
Baja California (Eisen). One male and one female.
These are of the variety formerly known as V. mexzcana
Macq., but which should be called véolacea Say, as the
latter name has priority.
El Taste, Baja California (Eisen). September.
One male and two females. Comondu, Baja California
(Haines). March. Oneé. Magdalena Island, Baja
California (Haines). March. One®.
38. VoLUCELLA FORNAX DN. Sp.
El Taste, Baja California (Eisen). September. One
4. Considerably resembling V. apficifera Towns. Dit-
fers as follows from description of that species (see Trans.
Am. Ent. Soc., 1895): Length, 12 mm. A well defined
black facial stripe. Cheeks polished shining black.
Frontal triangle with a blackish median line or vitta.
Vertical triangle black. Antenne blackish brown, sec-
ond joint reddish yellow. Arista nearly bare. Pleure
with white pile. Prescutellar parallelogram emarginate
in middle anteriorly, the black nearly dividing it into two
square spots. Posterior black margin of second abdom-
614 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
inal segment a little widened laterally; that of third seg-
ment but slightly wider and of quite equal width through-
out with a pointed projection on median line on anterior
edge. Fourth segment blue-black only on posterior half,
the anterior portion widely yellowish like other light por-
tions of abdomen, only a narrow median line running for-
ward from black but not reaching base of segment. Ab-
domen with white pile, except on black hind margins of
second and third segments and a narrow space of the
yellow in front of them, on which is black pile. Venter
light yellowish black apically. Bases of all the tibiz red-
dish yellow. Wings clear glassy hyaline, with rich brown
clouds on small cross-vein, basal portion of third vein,
second vein beyond the origin of third to opposite stigma,
stigma and auxiliary and first veins opposite, and cross-
veins at distal end of second basal cell.
A very elegant species.
39. VOLUCELLA HAAGH Jaenn. El] Taste, Baja Cal-
ifornia (Eisen). September. Two males. One speci-
men seems to have the eyes contiguous for a somewhat
greater extent than the other.
40. VOLUCELLA ISABELLINA Willist. Tucson, Ariz.
One male. Dr. Williston describes only the female in
his monograph (p. 140). The present male specimen
measures only 13% mm. in length. The honey- yellow
stripe on each side of thorax between humerus and scu-
tellum is faint. The scutellum is blackish at base. The
thorax has seven narrow black vitte, counting one on
each side on outer edge of the faint honey-yellow stripe,
the three outer vitte@ on each side converging posteriorly,
and the middle vitta ending posteriorly in a transverse
dark line bordering the yellowish prescutellar parallelo-
gram. The first abdominal segment is yellowish, except
DIPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 615
a broad median area and an isolated lateral spot black.
Venter with four median black spots, the anterior one at
base of second segment small, the second and third (on
posterior borders of second and third segments respect-
ively) successively larger, and that on anal segment very
large.
El Taste, Baja California (Eisen). September. Two
males in company with many V’. megacephala. ‘These
agree well with the Arizona specimen. One, however,
has the facial stripe obsolete.
AI. WVOLUCELLA LUCASANA Ni. Sp.
El Taste, Baja California (Eisen). September. One
¢. Length,8 mm. This species differs from I’. /o/teca
as follows:
Length, 8 mm. A blackish vertical stripe down the
eyes. Cheeks yellow with a broad black stripe ante-
riorly, broader above. Median facial stripe broadened
above. Scutellum wholly blackish. Legs wholly black-
ish, the bases of front and middle tibia slightly tawny.
Wings with a brown cloud on anterior outer half, follow-
ing the distal veins of wing posteriorly to discal cell, and
embracing a cloud on small cross-vein and a very much
fainter one on cross-veins at distal end of second basal
cell. Discal cell hyaline, first posterior mostly hyaline,
submarginal narrowly hyaline on proximal portion.
42. WOLUCELLA MEGACEPHALA Lw., Willist. El
Taste, Baja California (Eisen). September. Sixteen
females and fourteen males. These seem to agree with
the three specimens from Arizona and Mexico mentioned
by Williston in his monograph (p. 146), except that there
is a faint median pair of vittae on thoracic dorsum between
the broadly separated vittea. There are fine black bristly
hairs on lower edge of margin of scutellum. This spe-
616 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
cies is to be distinguished from I’. zsabe//ina Will. by the
absence of brown lines on face and cheeks, by more ex-
tensive contiguity of eyes in male, by the much smaller
vertical triangle, and by the black of hind margins of sec-
ond and third abdominal segments being obsolete.
The specimens differ from Williston’s description of
lata (Biol. C.-A., Dipt., ii, 45-6) by having the hairs of
front and face wholly black; the antennz not what I
should call ‘‘very small’’; the dorsum of thorax with four
faint blackish cinereous stripes, the lateral ones abbrevi-
ated before, the middle ones behind; and by the seg-
ments of the abdomen being of a more uniform smoky
yellowish. They can hardly be that species.
43. VOLUCELLA SODOMIS DN. sp.
El Taste, Baja California (Eisen). September. Two
6. Differs from lV’. estebana as follows:
Length, 8 mm. Frontal triangle wholly shining pol-
ished black, extending below base of antenna on each
side in a tuberculous extension, strongly convex. Ab-
dominal markings nearly the same, but the second seg-
ment more broadly blackish on median portion of disk.
Venter darker. Wings distinctly flavous on anterior halt
or more.
44. VoOLUCELLA TOLTECA Towns., Trans. Am. Ent.
Soc., 1895. El Taste, Baja California (Eisen). Sep-
tember. One female and one male. Length, 8 mm.
These agree very closely with the 6 specimen from Guan-
ajuato, Mexico, which is described in Contrib. Dipt. N.
A. 1, in Trans. Am. Ent: Soc:, 1895; They dittenianly
in being smaller, and in the posterior black border of
second abdominal segment quite reaching the lateral
margin. Iam inclined, however, to regard them as the
same species. The brown clouds of wings are less dis-
tinct.
DIPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 617
45. ERISTALIS LATIFRONS Lw. San Francisco county,
Cal. One male in bad condition is doubtfully referred
to this species.
46. ERIsTALIS OBSOLETUS Wied. El Taste, Baja
Calitornia (Eisen). September. Thirty-one females.
Length, 9 to 12 mm. The scutellum is quite yellow,
with only a tinge of ferruginous. The spots of second
abdominal segment are obscure reddish, rarely with a
yellowish tinge.
47. ERIsTALIS TENAX L. California. Two males,
two females, and the puparium from which one of the
males emerged.
48. ERISTALIS TRICOLOR Jaenn. El] Taste, Baja
California (Eisen). September. Two males and two
females. Hind tibia narrowly yellow at base, front tibia
yellow on nearly basal half, middle tibia and metatarsi
almost wholly yellowish. They have the abdomen more
extensively clear yellow than a specimen from Guan-
ajuato.
49. XyYLOTA sp. aff. opscuRA Lw. California. A
single male specimen in bad preservation seems to come
nearest to this species. It differs from description as
follows:
Length, rr mm. Antenne brown, arista yellowish.
Scutellum purplish, same color as greater part of abdo-
men. Abdomen blackish; second segment on each side
anteriorly, third more broadly on each side and on hind
border, and fourth almost entirely shining purplish. Base
of tibia brown like rest of legs. Abdomen rather whitish
pilose.
50. SYRITTA PIPIENS L. California. One female.
618 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
CESTRID.
51. CUTEREBRA AMERICANA Fabr. California. One
female, 22 mm. long. I refer this specimen here al-
though there is no visible yellowish or even whitish pile
on pleurz, which are covered with short thin blackish
pile, with hardly a lighter tinge in some lights. Abdo-
men dull purplish.
32. CUTEREBRA FONTINELLA Clk.; Towns., Insect
Life, v, 317-320. San Joaquin Valley, Cal. May 7.
Two females, with the puparia from which they emerged.
These both have the grayish bloom containing black spots
extending well up on the dorsum of second and third ab-
dominal segments (see description in Insect Life, 1. c.)
The anterior elongate whitish pollinose marking of front
mentioned in my description is divided into two in both
specimens, thus making three equal rather triangular
markings arranged in form of a triangle. The two small
round spots of cheeks are brown and shining, being sim-
ply the denuded surface, like a callosity without pollen.
There is a velvet-black pollinose triangular spot on each
side of facial depression at lower extremity of frontal
wrinkle.
TACHINID&.
53. DEJEANIA RUTILIOIDES Jaenn. California. Two
female specimens.
54. SAUNDERSIA SIGNIFERA Willist. California. One
female.
55- BLEPHARIPEZA RUFESCENS Towns. California.
One ¢ I am inclined to identify with this species. It
agrees well with the description, but the rufous portions
of abdomen are of a darker shade. Length, 114% mm.
56. JURINIA APICIFERA Walk. San José del Cabo,
DIPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 619
Baja California (Eisen). One female. The face is more
silvery and not so yellowish as in northern (Michigan)
specimens.
El Taste, Baja California. Two females and two
males.
57. JURINIA LATERALIS Mcq. San José del Cabo
(Eisen), and San Esteban (Haines, April), Baja Califor-
nia. One 4 from each locality I am inclined to refer to
this species.
58. Mrcropaupus sp.? El Taste, Baja California
(Eisen). September. Two?. These greatly resemble
Echinomyia thomsoni Will., but the eyes are hairy and
third antennal joint is much longer than second. Length,
g-10 mm.
59. PHASIOPTERYX BILIMEKI B. & B. San Julio and
San Esteban, Baja California (Haines). April. One ?
from each locality I refer doubtfully to this species. But
the neuration is not as inv. d. Wulp’s figure (Biol C.—
Ae Wipes. plea, fie. 02), the second vein being much
longer and nearly parallel with the costa, and the costa
being bulged basally somewhat approaching the form of
the male wing.
MUSCIDA.
60. COMPSOMYIA MACELLARIA Fab. San José del
Cabo and El Taste, Baja California (Eisen). Numerous
specimens, normal. San Julio, Baja California (Haines).
April. One female of bluish tint.
Margarita Island, Baja California (Haines). March.
One @ , normal.
OSCINID A.
61. OSCINIS COLLUSOR DN. sp.
San José del Cabo, Baja California (Eisen). Seven
specimens.
620 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
Length, 1% to 2mm. Head and thorax shining black,
somewhat metallic. Front immediately next antenne,
and face, yellowish. Antenne yellowish, blackish dis-
tally. Abdomen light yellowish on venter and base of
dorsum, dorsum of third segment more or less brownish
or blackish, of fourth or fifth shining blackish. Third
segment sometimes dark only in middle and on sides.
Second segment with a dark spot in middle. Legs yel-
low. Wings clear.
This species is a very annoying one to travelers, caus-
ing irritation of the eyes and the disease known as ‘‘ mal
de ojo.’’ Its native name is ‘‘ bovito.”’
PROCEEDINGS.
January 16, 1893.—SrateD MEETING.
The PRESIDENT in the chair.
Marsden Manson was proposed for membership.
Donations to the Museum were reported from Charles Allison, W. G.
Blunt, Chase Littlejohn and Charles Fuchs.
W.L. Watts read a paper on The Geological Economics of the Central
Valley of California.
February 6, 1898.—Statep MEETING.
The PRESIDENT in the chair.
Donations to the Museum were reported from N. A. Freeman, G. C.
Dunean, J. Anderson, John Hemsley, H. N. Cook, J. Z. Davis, Rev. F. H.
Wales, C. P. Nettleton, J. H. Cluff, James E. Fowler and T. K. Couperus.
Additions to Library:
ORO, CONES NOMI Se oabboc Sogegeuusd Goeuseo osbobsacemsuocon cube 176
Bye UGUA Okay ale ich hott ede eae Adee ttd oA wit aie sie lerdunys atte le, Sarai oee ¢ 39
IES GTA EL OTR Ore eee gs acto Pete teen e waa sn lays, Sirckn arelovecels atolloje nae Toisas Aare 10
W.L. Watts read a paper on Natural Gas in San Joaquin Valley.
W.S. Chapman, Gustav Eisen, T. H. Hittell and J. M. McDonald were
appointed a committee to prepare resolutions requesting the Senators and
Members of Congress from this State to use their utmost endeavors to pre-
serve the present limits of the Yosemite Park Reservation.
Dr. Gustav Eisen read a paper on the Preservation of Game in the
Sierra Nevada.
March 6, 1893.—StTaTED MEETING.
The PRESIDENT in the chair.
W. R. Dudiey was proposed for membership.
Donations to the Museum were reported from W. H. Shockley, Mrs.
E. L. G. Steele, W. L. Watts, Miss Anna Hewston, J. M. Hahn, C. E.
Manning, D. T. Hughes, Capt. Praetz and Charles A. Keeler.
Additions to Library:
INRONET, (CONRAN COMIN 5 Sepa anc 22000 seu 0co oben Gacoud Bona UEUD ooDC 180
ES JOE GIS asso he ee 6st |< Ie fndebal Ws fetes fale w) (Sic ofl ois eis ole, + (a) 2/a/ara)6)m siete mvehslisserote 49
AE syp RMON ees x shares bee, aio lalet-yecaseuie, Amy eal nies, Sie Sea « sfealngeece es 5
622 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
A vote of thanks was passed to Mr. D. T. Hughes for his valuable dona-
tion of a collection of Lepidoptera from the Republic of Colombia.
George H. Ashley read a paper entitled An Illustration of the Flexure of
Rock.
Dr. H. H. Behr read a paper on the Relations between Butterflies and
Plants.
Walter E. Bryant read a paper entitled Descriptions of New Mammals
from Lower California.
April 3, 1893.—SratEep M4rerTIne.
The PRESIDENT in the chair.
J.C. Branner, J. P. Smith, Marsden Manson and W. R. Dudley were
elected resident members.
Oliver P. Jenkins was proposed for membership.
Donations to the Museum were reported from Mr. Stone, Wm. H. Shock-
ley, Walter E. Bryant and E. F. Lorquin.
Additions to Library:
Hromiy Correspondents eyscite cess le rhersicitarey eevee = echt Neer surat tet nett 183
13 OWORC ER Aaa ain aIeISdodacdad AdoosubE od comdecboauosdu Gos hoc06 51
BAC ONALIOM yer epee teeli ne oper tekeheioeieie eres erento eit eof ee 11
W.L. Watts read a paper on Subterranean Air Currents in the Sacra-
mento Valley.
Walter E. Bryant read a paper entitled Notes on the Food of Birds.
Dr. Gustav Eisen made some remarks on a dwarf Chinese lily, and
spoke of the dwarfing of piants in general.
May 1, 1893.—SratTepD MEETING.
The PRESIDENT in the chair.
Donations to the museum were reported from §. J. Holmes and W. L.
Watts.
Additions to Library:
irom correspondentsiy;,.. sos.na.ecs ssctaasees mace ebeee Seen eee 192
By PULCH ASE \. 5.5.2\.2:5)<, etre wiclere aistok where ehetal sacle stele hs akan tiara cae ee 37
By Omatlon yi cise ye eet een eterna eee keenest eine eeraone = teen 7
Dr. George H. Horn, of Philadelphia, was introduced by the President.
Walter E. Bryant read a paper on the Variations of the Bill of the Cali-
fornia Jay.
William L. Watts read a paper entitled Notes on Quicksilver Deposits in
California.
PROCEEDINGS. 623
June 5, 1893.—StTatED MEETING.
The PRESIDENT in the chair.
C. J. Sechrist was proposed for membership.
Donations to the museum were reported from W. W. Price. Mrs. R. M.
Austin, W. L. Watts, Gustav Eisen, Mrs. George Buttner, Mrs. C. A. Bo-
land, Charles Fuchs, Frank E. Harris and F. W. Gill.
Additions to Library:
BPO COLMESPOMGEMtS) cava steentersiciei aie ake erate ore Meltioic sisrvhass oa icicle huge = 172
yan UT CHARON Nat RCM Pea ROSS Were We rie eee e etre! fo Bal Me 169
ES Vad OUR GLO Rn este SORT Ney. crt in lem enAh eters eta eeerae MAR Ae ect oi 11
The President announced the death of Alphonse De Candolle, honorary
member, and of members C. D. Gibbes and J. P. Hale.
Dr. Gustav Eisen read a paper on Late Investigations on the Pollination
of the Fig.
Walter E. Bryant read a paper on Some Cases of Albinism in California
Animals,
August 7, 1893.—StTatTep MEETING.
The PRESIDENT in the chair.
C. C. Riedy was proposed for membership.
Donations to the museum were reported from F. W. Gill, Mrs. J. G.
Lemmon, Peter Gillis, A. W. Anthony, W. Gierisch, J. Z. Davis, Louis
King, J. B. McLee, L. P. Peck, Hans Behr, W. M. Talbott, J. M. Tinoco,
Charles Fuchs, R. C. McGregor, Mrs. N.S. Rose, 8. W. Holladay and John
Martin.
Additions to Library:
HOTS COLLES DM NUL OMU Sy wr aerer ae cratic ott ahd Seas tie ois Sas Stale Greist e-oiae one. 329
IB Va DULCU ARG cyan eect an ae Sha C en cat ie, Seca E ee tle actet so 213
By donation
shasivejraiteie: Gplelienatre!&i.e)efieuel esis, e) alle /elefelejelielie) ‘allele ve, ei evens) eye) s} ajo sleet oleic, e\\6) «ele 6
Perham W. Nahl delivered a lecture on Improvements in Aerial Naviga-
tion.
Admiral Selwyn, R. N., was introduced by the President, and made
some remarks on his trip to this coast, in 1837, in H. M.S. Sulphur.
August 14, 1893.—SprctaL MEETING.
The PRESIDENT in the chair.
Admiral Selwyn, R. N., read a paper on a new adaptation of the humid
process of extracting metals from their ores.
2D SeER,, Vou. IV. (41)
624 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
November 6, 1893.—StatrEp MEETING.
The PRESIDENT in the chair.
Donations to the museum were reported from Dr. O. V. Thayer, O. John-
son, Herman P. Rawson, J. G. F. Eitel, Mrs. T. H. Hittell, R. C. Mc-
Gregor, James F. Nounnan, R. N. Simpson, L. G. Yates, B. M. Newcomb,
Joseph Peccoroni, Dudley C. Stone, J. M. Barrickman, §. J. Holmes, Mr.
Ankellie, Mrs. von Hoffman, Miss Anna Larensen, Mrs. Andrew Kohler,
Frank H. Vaslit, H. R. Taylor, H. W. Dickinson. W.G. Blunt, Mr. Stew-
art, E. H. Fiske, Dr. J. C. Hawver, Dr. J. G. Cooper, J. L. Lockwood,
Henry E. Carson, Cypriano Dodero, E. K. Stevenot, Alex. Bednawski, J.
Z. Davis and Mrs. T. 8. Brandegee.
Additions to Library:
F'TOM;COTYESPONG ENS. ouies ielereo« vafersie ei ei ls eee lela sich oh pelcrrniserisucet ar mmerse 32]
Byspurchase: ye vie. sisson casters oi nienese eins ochense retetoeipetons eater sae Cn Lon eRe Tenet ar Rote 345
By CONAbLOME joscus 2 sien ai dc wveve ctales oe yous Stone clave Mere nie ooo Taal tet on Rec MRT ROR 8
The following papers were read by title:
Report on Mexican Hymenoptera principally from Lower California.
By William J. Fox.
On a collection of Formicid from Lower California and Sonora, Mexico.
By Theo. Pergande.
Tunicata of the Pacific Coast of North America. 1—Perophora annec-
tens. By William E. Ritter.
Theodore H. Hittel read a paper on Oysters in San Francisco Bay.
December 4, 1893.—StTatTeED MEETING.
The PresipENnT in the chair.
Donations to the museum were reported from T. H. Hittell, J. M. Ti-
noco, W. O. Emerson, John Zachert, J. C. Hawver, A. C. Arnold, Samuel
©. Irving and W. B. Hunt.
Additions to Library:
Krom sCOLLES POW GENUS vee steep clever cictere) Makers cee eiciel = eremeln se eotone tele uevella ron aaeys 191
By PULCHASC S625 os 3sere lays: vision sie team alate oft Mtea= epereeteleteteyen cop Nea fate ete ea 39
Bysdona tion :..o5..).. sends oigros kits as oi ee lees Se ete eee Nee ee 6
The following papers were read by title:
On California Eudrilide. By Gustav Eisen.
Revision of Ceanothus. By Katharine Brandegee.
Dr. Gustav Eisen gave a preliminary report on the Lower California
expedition.
PROCEEDINGS. 625
December 15, 1893.—Statrep MEETING.
The PRESIDENT in the chair.
Andrew C. Lawson was proposed for membership.
The Nominating Committee made their report, recommending the fol-
lowing ticket:
For President, H. W. Harkness.
First Vice-President, H. H. Behr.
Second Vice-President, J. G. Cooper.
Corresponding Secretary, George A. Moore.
Recording Secretary, J. R. Scupham.
Treasurer, L. H. Foote.
Librarian, Carlos Troyer.
Director of Museum, J. Z. Davis.
Trustees, W. C. Burnett, C. F. Crocker, D. E. Hayes, E. J. Molera,
George C. Perkins, Adolph Sutro, John Taylor.
The following ‘‘ Reform Ticket”? was presented:
For President,
First Vice-President, H. H. Behr.
Second Vice-President, J. G. Cooper.
Recording Secretary, G. P. Rixford.
Corresponding Secretary, T. S. Brandegee.
Librarian, Charles A. Keeler.
Treasurer, Li. H. Foote.
Director of Museum, Walter E. Bryant.
Trustees, W. C. Burnett, C. F. Crocker, D. E. Hayes, E. J. Molera,
George C. Perkins, Adolph Sutro, John Taylor.
January 2, 1894.—ANNuAL MEETING.
The PRESIDENT in the Chair.
John Van Denburgh and John I. Sabin were proposed for membership.
Additions to the Library for the year 1893, were reported as follows:
HI TOM, COMLESPOMGON Liss. setetetrereg ye ue 275
Agapostemon.,,.......-+-e+eereereee: 14, 112
TVAS TEU septs aleiave/cle o's welsielse)slelsisia «1 ala 24
Agathidin®...........seeee cree eee ees 2) 124
Agathis.......... Etonaleraiele stelelieleetetare eterale 3
QLD UATSIS.. vores viv nce cccveesclecccnceses 124
CreSSONt .....--- SOP OSOCMOOGOUBDOOUCO 124
TED erator... oo 2c cccc css cece cere sccces 125
AQONUS JAPONICUS... .20ee seer eere ee reeee 149
slegophthalmus....-+++++0++5 si, 0bIN CIO 149
Agrilus addendus..........-.-+esseeee 329
POLIxyyeeriet aes Sivele aivreieie ticieletee siete sie 328
Agrilus ineptus...................- 328, 378
NACISHISasisialsistclelareiatele/selelsie itl sieeieiel= 329
niveiventris....... myatataveiseletaistetereiarats 328
AQriOn CUPTRUM....2. 0-202 e eee cece eee 479
COLCUTN son ticiaisle in cfeielsleleisielo slolel oivielsievlece 485
CREAUIU Mae nietaeieraelsteicrncrstercayesoeletelatel= 489
efixUM....0-+0% cticteciciehe eeastasterets 489
SULVUM a waieretateielsiaialelola Sfotstraleiacleretsieieetels 483
Agrionid®........ cece cscs seer wens serie) 468
Atorionin: ssc <6 wee... 465, 468, 469, 475
ABTYPOD, ....cerececececcccesssceeseres 2
Aleochara nitida ....-.. Biot oeieleher siete eee OLe
SUILCICO]LISs «oom orci vier si clein'e snieleieisies 317
Alindria teres...... 2.2.2. eee e eee teens 324
Allecula sordida.........-++++es0.+-d03, 432
Alphitobius piceus ......-.--...e ee eee 352
Amara californica......-.-. aaiatatatereiststaiet 309
WACODINGE © ces sal Bio ciaketwielcieieumerstetter= 309
Ambrysus pudicus.........----e+++e--- 291
SIQGNOLELI. ... 2.2 ceweace sees “Hie 291
AMMOPHIA, 6. oi. sce cine seleis onic elelviee ae 101
FOMUL-TUDLA eee cinee sil’ eke elesaavore 102
WUC TOS Aer teteyeleleysiers wteiaeet= yeleeia tell oleeiotate 9
TOA CL Sse ais wre oa, 0's: side aisiaia areleverelotolenctetele 101
PUULNOSA sare cele rele coe: healer afeleteqst netstat 101
quadridentata,...0.......06.esseoee 101
RENE apanoducouddoacsogboanobarensd 101
VALTLDES)... ~~ BoGoHALooodan apouosesS 9
VATTOWL.. oo. escce nescence cs cr teeore 101
Amnestus pusillus,..........-+002+.-0- 226
Amnicola turbiniformis............---- 167
ateSiana .... 20.2. .e- seeeeeeeceee 171
Amphicerus fortis........:...--- eet 3 332
punctipennis ................. Saas OOn
Amphidora tenebrosa..........-+++++++ 350
Anedus rotundicollis.............s..-. 352
Anasa andressil.......0.c.cecceeee cece 235
BCOLDULIC Ase ceric wives « crieisieiele sicialcele's 235
LPISUING aloleretersiciarste bnsoudsoDUaEEDobUS 234
WHT OTe erererelelele's|eieicieverersleleiselels.elsieuimiele 234
AnaspiS puSi0......- .---eeee eee eeees 354
MULL Wenteletetersitester stor ae iabetelitaweste stew et 354
ATI AX ceetsiatelelsraiet mlatatelele sfalsvevelsiesiclereienee 471, 509
UNIS sao relate elelele.sieraieie)=\-1-'s1-1s 40091009)
Walsinghami......- Bia tiareteleloreistete 465, 510
WCUEAUS emia jalaitio.eie) sie SHOE CREBOROOROUIUS 511
Anchastus bicolor.............---ssese: 327
Anchonoderus apicalis............-+: 309, 360
FAVA TESTI D le lcte pala retelslefelciefalerele'ele: evel elela/sish= (mie 14, 113
DATA TOIL G2 atotecicie'e siete iaiein oleic elelelelsieieisis 14, 112
Aneflus prolixus.......-.---+++++-+ sees 308
protensus...........eee- SendooSdcsd 338
644 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
ANEHUS VOLtANS ceecivie celeieeicieveleo eres 338 |
Anisodactylus arizon@......002.0see cere 312
CONBODLINUS ss alersteteieteretavelollo(ove/elevere7erols 312
DOTOSUSsiaicieset~ c)ererciciel ers eleletelele’s SO50000 312
IATNI BONDS i icicicletetsisisreierslolelevel vteloist sta) aretey sVeraley axe 293
ClEPANS! cic faaacisrele'ei cles! se wicleeicis’e’e 293 |
FATIIS OPUOL A capetssera etatat clef eter sf orev /ototal stavetehalasete 468 |
Anisotarsus brevicollis... ......+-..-- 312 |
Mabiliseeeajanis-ccies.esiesisoreascence OL lM
WUTEKA CATS cree cic cio\s o'e' cl eietciels ochalstelniaie 312
Anodonta GeCurtata,... i... 22s ccices jefe ois 168
NUttalliana..... ccscccveservccs 168, 172
WaT AT MitLCa 5 0: 359
Anthribus vagus...........«. pees 359, 448
APaMteles.....i..< 0/1 ciej01 seo aveiale vice oeisieie eieie 3
Apatolestes comasteS..........++...+6- 596
CUSED Goce aie «elercio's o(elolelaie\etelslaleiciereieianele 596
Apenes nNubulosa......eeeeeeee eee cece 310
Aphenogaster carbonaria,..-......+++- 164
JUNTAN Ao 5.5. .)- «ooo ce eincisie'clsse.s sieve’ wis 164
IPGL PANG Clrerqsttcselerscicietsie di atonNere cave 33
SONOS a aeraiete Watele c srsyalel orsia(o) Nelo slejevele: ste 34
Aphilanthops hispidus,...........+..+- 106
Aphodius pranaxius,.....csccreessecees 334
ANP UGEB Secicieleloreiele(sielelsisierers+s/onsieielsceveieisets\e 15, 113
FATTO CELI GEO! stcisie)sisie.cvelsiswieiocieise wisieln slesielse 601
Apiomerus crasSip€S........+..s.-+.--- 284
AAVIVENMETIS ./occeeeic cess se seniens vers 284
HApIg Mellifica ys aoa veces cltcis stele cle ser-tato%= 23 |
A DOGTGIO. eiecie wialeleieveltievale sisesiais cle eleletelnretele 585 |
Apotrepes densicollis............+++.-. 359
Apristus laticollis.............-.cccsse 310
SUDCYANEUS’ <2. 2 cnc. 0056 = sors 310, 360
Aptopus peregrinus,..........+- ee. eee 326 |
Aquilegia ecalcarata...............- 560, 561
MICTAUM NA copieleiel'selereie/taxcheleneletsenea= ret 559
New species Of... cies cece ss ceenis 559
ANTAL 20 avis old foi eVeloleiesiei~) aleieintaleislolat-velst-\atrs 281
Asraidit s} 22 UALS a= )calele ererel -laleionare/ofainletolet=t= 281
AM OLICAMMUBS'<\c/sxe/cfetolersialsiesciare eee 281
TU WD VIB s \o)0\cielcleierel ojolc\afalar cferavelelalsyalererele 281
Archilestes ........c.0 Sohal sleleic shsretoe 469, 475
CVANGISHs sje treet 465, 475
Archimerus, calcarators << cj. <0.00c:scleee 233
PAT STAN aiainisteleiojevelolevaistelsyaleieraiane ier mhetenetetats 470, 475
ALTIOIMES) a jae isis ofaleia -saelars 465, 475, 476
CULPTED icicle si claisiais\siereis)atolevefelets 465, 476, 479
Osh 01s): een SOG Lap tas omit 465, 476, 481
WAIVE csaretote cieteteiaieialele sjeiedoiaieks 465, 475, 478
Argoporis ebenina....s.ocsseeeceee- 350, 424
PM CONSTANS eters: sverctelsy-iateleletateretereletene 350, 425
Arvelius albopunctatus................ 232
ASIA PELOLA . 2icis:ciwinseieisinele cleisiniele'sieietelels\iaie 348
DUELUT CH cyereicicivieie este lols eveiaielexorelel vateistalate 348
COM AMIS ierersictereatclaterelatotei= alerelerctemtaiateclers 416
CONMIVONAs mie s/aloie(eiaicieieereleiareteretale 348, 421
CONE XA. crcrs cleerel ole aioreictetcnetalaleveloreintare 348
GENBICON ISS hcieieeletsie; ciclo tolotrvoraerelorer ster 417
embaphionides ............ o22.348, 419
GAD DIT eererecersyerctasclolsieinreteereiansiaeteley-reteter 348
NOLTUG'A, acharcie clatetsieleieslorclete -tesevorsisrevare 421
impetrata..... ose ---. 418
Virraitay cies ie crore! sraintel elataralotarssercciaeisleveletete 416
TO ANICLPAtA cas. 16/0-0 6 ci0as) eeisiaje'e siniaje lain)» = 416
MYOT DUT OSB re [ooiejeisreieneieleleisiels eseiolejeisterer- 348
OD OATA ae ele evel cle cls ererelelate (efelefelarstalate 421
Gri acho. aaosoonoboar oepododosscs ells
PlaN Ata 6650 208
MO CUNLOANUS).(aleiniinloivie)s 2/3 s1areelo'el ale eiavevare) woul! ra (AGRNE} Saar ACKonod saoBoo PANY
MLO UITSSTINUSa5 0 cls sis lets alclvie/eiatal~civelalerai 179 WIESLALUS sleieisloli-isietere asta) erclateisyoleie ve elersratete 208
MY SUACUNUS sntatalnlaidicieletelolela'=\s!stalelelctele!e!=\> 221 ET; ALUS miavetetete interest nel slab sversYotroetetete 179
MADULENS 1S x5 crolerelersreistelors Sei siets else aseiel ole 221 Wendlandianus.....2.20+..s0erereses 222
IN EUMVONNU at yarciciateleteteleletslos leita lela oleiss) 214 WAghtianus) ioc c0 00 cece. NOCAESHDOU 222
FIN CUVAGOCNSUS TATE ictonron ekatcrre Mat ree iets 181 Zeylanicus,......-+. sialeiorarstereteXe Steere 222
nilidus..... tM Mae tN ee 198 Celithemis superbus......+-+-+.+ s9enbSs6 518
officinalis..... eke eee BOF sae .... 179 | Cenophengus debilis................-. 329
Oli ganthHusisec tele cieisloisisic ceieleic ... 196 | Centrioptera angularis............. 348, 414
var. hirsutus...... sew eibeeiees 197 asperata..... Biatelefeleleti slelolate lelayefeler= tote 348
TOMOENTOSUSs ) cleisietsiet tai ste sete 179, 222 VATIOLOS Bi atcleyel eta wi sietatelatelerml etelelel=isielst ol 348
OVGLIS Race Nislasrotlare ete ste hotetaloete meetcts 179) ROOntTIS: =< ciel a1 saeretets,cra}ol pmaoadobesonc 22
OVAtusiecsccee. Pate vole naeis Seno aiahe 179 US OTUL coi 1c) cci-ie meee ec creer eects 22
DOLEAUS. ccseic oe'o pee e is a) UNE ees O14! NAMOSAnietsictelvetekeiseietoleleisiele clejels's =: cialeate 22
paniculatus,.......... RES euhprpi id si 299 MUSECLLTAG Nerelere!cieialctoisi=siaiciviais\e\sleletey- 24, 118
eee MAbs Cichcie Centrocleonus porosus ........-...+++- 357
: aS Centronopus parallelus.......-...+..-- 350
POUCOTUS, Sain ae ovens nisin ciie.= sine 221 | Geracis similis..... nouadoosaat ve eecdad, SOL
PCPENNIS.... 0.6 seer eeeeeas te eeeeees 179 | Geraleptus americanus.............---- 236
PUREE 00 ce cence ree seccer sees cones LQ Cerambycids arc selec oereti=ele tele eee 337
DT OCLINU ETS. \-(cis'slalaloic'sialoinialsoMictatstalelolare 179 Ceratina.......... afelateleisloreretereietetereteecierats 21
648
Werceris: gasicielesuataschisettennen eee 106
Cercus)sericang:n ss teeiciee ceieeroceionieclcte 323
Cerenopus angustatus............. 350, 426
ALETTIMUS)s coc) cisccistslelsiceieins oteleTa a 350, 425
CONCOLOD aye rersterets arersiejalstare io avafers) tev teiess 350
CORTUTAUIS Ke anciicicisicis cele lele jersletiinale 350
CLUD TB GUS ojai0;0;5\00s ws ssisiois wre we ssteieisyorelniclele 350
Ohaletdt daa ered case ce naisis 6 ones ae ieicdncleise's 3
Chalcolepidius rubripennis ........... 826
Chalepra californica « «. 237 FOWMEINE UM aye icisteieiseiploieielsieieisveisierieletale 618
iyalimuss saci ceiisieeceeuieiisteaetere -- 236 Gybister eli pt Cus: .. wie ceiecteisiele ccs aie cles 315
IEUCH AIG onogoo aannbongodnA conn Ones 237 Cyclocephala dimidiata................ 336
MLS LISTE BTU orate! wialer=elefeleleuetehsiel a) eletel= 237 TIMUIMAC HL Ata, << aja m:c'elp\olate's din'e ciel eleyeyernte 336
UMC LVENUEDIS son ler iaielerelaisrelseieiolsistessrale 237 Mose} 0s oGopopgon DBD UN DOaUCodoooUne 336
BLA sie israrclenaicieieewe rice ite is,imeaerverts 237 Cycloneda abdominalis................ 320
VENICE doadanodcouge obesssdaqadcs 237 CWE ES caddisg a gososeatooereoonoccn 320
Corticaria, MOTOSss.....- cccccencce eaces 323 Epa ber ey aonaenogoandcaspoane ceo: 320
CONyLO PIG Greeters leiaielelelerotlioreistalelaclenele 319 @ydnid sarge a tiaris ouloiieiciavevelere gisisiersierersiece 226
Worynetes rutipesen co cieiecisilesbvicteietorcie ots 331 Cylleneantennatiss js cii< ./ejos/e «is «6 emae 339
Corynocoris distinctus ................ 232 Cymatodera fascifera ...........-2.002- 331
Corythuca calata...............-6 sonad Pathe @obtity s5555d6dno=ounoRoUCnCcdUCBOe Te 331
GOCONS ee erie csc iste wisiclare sioterecevae eile ain 279 FRPP Aang oboodsaandotssso JOO0 330
HEHE ons pooaodpacccouséononccce 2k! UMC EUCOMIBT pererrattolors(eretetelsia stoi -Poietete 331
hispida....... Pharsieres(oroielere slevsvey hejaiale eis 279 Durpuricollisieceismciisl-/sieiclelss 331, 381
DTN CUE MAUL ete lotalele lave staietaie/ateter-letelaleisteietoi= 280 LST S onoapoaodooouO ON baDOnDOOZSOC 331
Coscinoptera eneipennis.............. 340 | Cymbiodyta dorsalis... 05... 228 GEPLESSUSs si aereisieleferieuste ert tetetelantete 361
COSHOMIG WD sterelerciaftatsisielcisislsleiel steinreloisielaieineie 359 Cyrtocapsus caligineus ............... 267
Cotalpai ureters ee)-\as)-ceseisis <« sieireieleinie 336 Cyrtomenus mirabilis................. 226
COtlUsy7 AD ONUCUS e002) siselniclsioia'e/e\s\s)<1sr\ce VAISS MDASCY Mid. srcicve.esejosiosioiseinicvs eo eiecieeerne 324
Orabro mM PUGS ss oils.) lcleleleVoleracleisisl ae]aets 108 Dasycoris MI gricOrniss cicicis.1ir- sjslels!-tsiaie 236
Cratidus rotundicollis..............-.. 350 Dasytes puUusill uss cctv ie) iicisleliele\slsisialale 330
Cratospila mexicana... ....0-.000005 00 3 Dejeania rutilioldes.,. .... 2.62 acess e OLS
Cremastochilus crinitus............... 337 Dendrobias mandibularis.............. 338
opaculus.............-...-+.--- 337, 399 | Derzocoris cerachates. ..............0 265
MUOSICOMIS\yersepe irate aniteteretttorouale 3387 | Dermestes Frischii........... = dsidvatsievars 321
WROOLOLT co ci0k sicreccrsin s wjcreieecevejaeratersters 337 WMannerheimil- eee eeeeete ree eee yal
Cremastogaster brevispinosa,,......... 165 VAL INUS 3iajoie/6, sieinissens oasis eiesareeeteicten CLL
COATCLOLG Mereleyeininiat toi steloteciens sisteieieieieiatar= 36 Dermesti dees; ince, sae cnieels seaersiosn Acre 321
VAD CPLOSUS ratntevoteieaieteiniateroleletey-tetsielavelelst 35 | Derobrachus geminatus............... 337
lineolata....... qqnonosd peosdecacads 36 Deronectes striatellus..............--- 314
CremNOps) CrESSONT. «,. o\lej01c -el= cis oe ers\nr- 124 Desmopachria dispersa...............- 313
DO RAT OTe etereteleteteleietsrereletsiaretelereierelelets 125 Diabrotica balteata..... ....... see... 342
MeELANOPLOTA) ce a's oie e\aiele esas ieielaieistelay= 125 BOTOD 2io,c:cieic sais susie sjsiciete wes cialis ic aatetor 342
Creniphilus infuscatus..............-. 317 VALLO PAL telaee aleie.ss o)e/s\ssels e/a elsin Yoleio'e 342
SULUT AES eeceteleletelelelointclelel ie siaeteralaletore 317 Diachus) AULAtUB.«.(..0- 6.0. ce cs csenes 341
Crophivis! GISCONOTISS poe «<\cieivieisicie%scjain'e 244 Diadasia apacha............- eeiiocists 21, 118
Crotaluspmitchollitiy. nc cteiemn:- sicher 450 Lilian nr tea eyeyeray wrerers = saleielsloeetararesaleteiste chistes 21
DUTT NUS reislels)sialcisicieieiole/eleielelel=\= siaisieferelere 450 GHEE Scode Soaod5 pogagsuandoscog 21
Crustacea, West American............. 563 COTUIC Biacrsieteteteretere one jermretersleievelalocia/arei sare 118
CONANT Goc adanaconoKoMcOOGOnOCOCOUr 129 Diaperis FUAMPES..c.cctewn ose e ccs evicee 352
Cryptobium arizonense..... dooscoosH G0 318 Diastatomma obscurus.......seesee+-+-- 499
Cryptoglossa verrucosa ...........--+- 348 Dichelonycha picea... «.. ols elects 287
FIMMENASEVICHUS 2 ciactei-ss.ste cisisein sterteleeiers 413
CLIDratUs i aecliceress eee 347, 413
GLOSUBiysttajsisleliottcicataisiercieiiars 347, 413, 414
Emmenastus longulus...........-.0.. + 347
MAL SUN AUB yoreressiaieevelereteraatsiare steleteriets 347
ODESUBs viroc.2s susie coms seeietee oe ae 347
DIN GUISE Ne ac, oistsclcioisacisaveiseclsee ees 347
PUMCIALUS'. <.510:0;5 syese' esse -)ecicia crete re etree 347
Eimalla gina... icsles vis selesies « otieieinseren 4-0 meaaD
COB CUTIE Miosee ce ioleieiatelaletetelolererersieterstete 465, 485
MUUSETUectaisyaeteicrcleresistoreiemieieieteieteiet: 465, 486
Engytatus geniculatus...............-. 274
Eniconyx pullatus::.<...sccse.s «se sec O27
NIC OS PLUS rerscistsiaisisieVelo sieletereieisteien eieieete 127
GP LADLALUS |e crclarcsielstorc,cleveloleisioteistsreretetets 2
DUT ALU s crealere/e aces sicraiaters/stelereieteteterets 2
Epeolus Occidentaliss cc sc. siciicic't. ssssscecse 465, 469, 471, 512 | Taygmide..............<. Sats laserenetaee
Ligyrocoris constrictus................ 241 Lygeus bistriangularis................
GyibvGive Bho sodooncsospoon. csoopetoc 240 COBtaIE SR asaleettaeinteinielesiaiei« sleieieticiniere
PAS rYTUSP BLY ANU). science seine acetals 336 POGC]U VATU Sees ac cicieiaisrsicaciera = sale sicisierere
PUD HOSS clelstoieisisisleieycieisisteletelsieraetsiersiets 336 TIE CLO US etetstateiaislstelaiciereiotelaleiele/rarereieiat
MU SIMAS UM eae ctetcleysietecereielstelsieyaiaveleterstc DSO al LAY SUS el otatala clalatalelelslaialsicte sfeleieterelaleraraletstchtave
WGLINMELIA toeloteitiar ayeteteisiere sicicletelercieiocinietete 2 PLALONSIA' Stars ccineicioicisice-cnistetesineveretetere
Limnichus nebulosus., ..... 324 Ballereerscleicistye ersicteistate A Toeaseerere
Eimnobates lineata. ccc ccs. cece cscs oe 288 VINA CLUS arototalatsteteleletelerslejatetsicisieiereueieletetete
WIM NO Hatidee re ecictetlorcin os wisicieelelseioeleciee 288 Lystronychus Championi..............
Limnophysa desidiosa...............6. 170 UMS r US eetetsiyereverclelsieiersisiaineeeteteieicls
ITU Tine GoMbooRpoOUcooOGeUOOdsane 170 | Macrobasis tenuilineata............ 356,
POUVUBEVIS rercicpale cloicieistelereialeioiateleleleiviotels 170 Win cullatene pete creeistercsiei eaters sietelete ciststere
Limnotrechus marginatus............. 288 Macrocoleus coagulatus................
Minna CONtrACOStA:: « a\.1< =/sl-civicieisieieine = = 169 Macromia elegans......-- Mors iatelsloleterelslsictels
TFLOMSPM AM SATA.1.)sc1.jocolelsleretatetesterelereletete 230 Macro psi@Chinatuainen |. ccicicciesinicot cies
SEW Ghar DOOOOOODCONOUOOED 45 onodS 230 | Macrorhoptus hispidus................
SVATIGT CHUA orcis\cfal(ereie)stelelei. <0s10,< ele sa Boy a4
ma igseaehive gayga coooGagdssonnoodan 13
IMASCOCDATA VAliGA x. 0) aro rreye:siaisiovereteleysielelo-s 317
Mecotetartus antennatus ............. 339
BVIG SACHIN inre'e\orereinisieieieleloieisisieterensisieusiereiers pe Oe)
OXTTT GA, crereicnsisisievesevers efeisshatciereiole elevate 21
MLOXICAN A seccie cess eset eres P2ONCL LO
OCCIAONTALIST ois ie, cheicjs clots aieleleielisie 117
DOWPCATIS sere teicisnelacieistelavclevcielchcleletsicvercre 21
SAV TT sie rei chevevererare fereloxeustelaverel weet ietoretoustere 116
Megaceelum catulum................0 257
Megadytes fraternuS.............cs000. 314
Megalocereza debilis ................05 248
Megalonotus unus......... nous bdarsseC 244
Megalostomis major...............ee.. 341
Megasoma Thersites........ ......-+0- 337
MG er a MACTIILATA ae «cleralclnjeteselel clepere Baersicren GaAs)
Melanethus elongatus................. 227
Melandryide ... 2.00.55. : ago o.80b
Melaniellla taStOnsis <..crics 0-ie)icreiecrien . 141
Melanocoryphus bicrucis.............. 244
CINCUMIPLICATUS).\./0 ceisciveisie/eiales eiclete 245
SUNT COMA arayavaterateyareverstetexstereverelc\eleiaiei=re 244
Melanolestes abdominalis.... ........ 284
DUCT ESiayetepereretelaial alarole sielelsioieseieiste siete 284
Melinotusicribricollis (iis<\c1e..5- cece) Oni
Melinna/elon gata. «2c scje: 14, 112
solaris...-...- Wa ee dade eateteatsen 456 | Polycaon exesus......--..+-+-25+ sree 333
Phygadicus behrenSii.......+-----+++-> 244 punctatus...... ears Nelo iayeiateteisiols 333
Phyllotreta pusilla........-.++++++++5> 343, Polycesta velasco....------ a eaicaihoiate eters 328
Phymata fasciata.......-----+ SABOUDOS 982 | Polydrosus peninsularis.....------ 357, 445
WL fit. .00-cccveccccccsccccoscrces® 282 Pomatiopsis intermedia.....-..---- 168, 171
PhyMatide......seeeeoeeee cesses esce cs 282 Pompholopsis whitei...-.-+.-++-+++++° 170
Physa costata.......seeeeeeeeesssrseeee 167 | Pompilid®&........2eeeesseceees cee: 9.98
Giaphana .........--.0+--eee- sere 170 Pompilus........--+++++++ Saat e afote seste 100
Physonota alutacea....+---+++--+ +++ Sa ee | BRI elo canbobae OO COD DUK aa Sp DEOm COU 99
Phytocoris eximius.......--+++2++20+++ 252 | thous a esac cease es 98
ramosus .....--- Wee ee ar he ee 2024 connexus......-- BAGS OREOOS decease 23
Phyton discoideum.....-+- «-+++++ ++: 338 COTUSCUS Var. JUXtA....-.-- eee ee 99
Piesma cinerea ....--- ee ae cei aietnsiets 20S: || interruptus.........---22--es0e° 99
Pinacodera semisulcata.......-...++++> 310 | POTUS....--- eee sere VepeaobuTaaaIo. the
sulcipennis........+-+-- SNobecnDonc 310 | tenebrosus ..---+------ee eee? AGONO! | its
Pindus SOCiIUS......-..-- seeeeererseeee 284 | Portulacacesw, Studies in......-+++++-+- 86
Pinnixa littoralis......-..---+++erer .. 571 | Prenolepis gracilipes......+++++++-+++** . 163
1ONGIPES .... -22--sseveeee Bopaed soeesiky | PYTAMICUS ..-. veeeeer sree eres eee 30
TALULA em aiateloerel= Baieletetsictercletaiaieisiecisis . 566 President’s report......-..2-++e eer eees 625
tomentosa ......- He Ona RATS 506000 568 Prionidus cristatus........+-++++ Bhi 200
tubicola.......-..- ee pisiesinaie weiss O69 Prionosoma podopioides..... aopo0a0d It 228
Pinnotheres nudus.......----- soooueDuS 563 | Pristoscelis antennatus... .--.++++---- 330
Pinnotherid#..........--..+-- eee? sic 008 | previcornis........----+++: aSccddas 330
Plagiolepis gracilipes .....------- saeocd ait) CONVETZEDS.. 2. eee eee eee -. 330
LONGiPeS..... cee eeseeecereeececees 163 fulvotarsis...........-2+-+¢ RAR DA ATC 330
Planiceps concolor.......++++++-+++++° 9 Fiynebishol:hasanud inoaoso0boes 7OOU0DO0 330
Planorbis anitensis..-....-- Soumocmecee, 42 tejonicus...-.-- seeereeeeeeeeeeees 330
pabloanus.......- ASOudOB ETO Seles sie) 69 ProceedingSs........++.-+> Wale cle ictieicielests 621
peninsularis.... ..+.-+e- ee seer eee 142 Proctacanthus arno........---.ee ee eeee 599
Plastocerus Schaumii....-..--+-++-ee+5 327 AN OMG cilenieiciceaistelecieieiviersiarelnisieterone le 600
Plateros sanguinicollis .........- 329, 379 Proctotry pide. ....... 26sec eee een eee 122
Platydema subquadratum.........-.-- 353 ProgoMphus....+-++2e+eeee sere eeee 470, 499
Platynus pbrunneomarginatus........- 309 | DOTEDISs oo cleislsieisinve)-Inicres 0 aie sleieisysa= 10 499
Cali€OrniCUss-caeoemeee ecm eee ee eee 309 | ODSCUTUSs ee cwices cise teuieis sistas see 200, 499
cyanopis ....--+-+ = sere Jocobadd 309 PromachuS.....---cecesecserccessrscee 598
extensicollis .......22 sees eeee eee 309 | Prometopia sixmaculata........---.++. 323
FOSSIZEL....- see ener cence eee trees 309 | Proxys punctulatus.......--.s-++-++-++ 229
FUNEDIIS.... 2202. ccccccer ser ccceccs 309 Psallus..... Soevactars Mocietaereiseris cisecieata 276
maculicollis........-..-+-++ Relepterts 309 | biguttulatus.........- sdGsaccouadade 275
Platypus rugulOsus......--++eereeeees . 359 delicatus......- eaisvale ie chelsiesietete aielere 275
Platystethus americanus........++---- 319 | guttulOsus..... eee sere eens eee eens 276
Plochionus timidus..........-.+-- ...-- 310 | Psammodius nanus......-.+++-+-++++ -. 334
Pocket Mice, four new.....--.+-.--++++ 407 | Psephenus Haldemanni........... ~. 324
Podisus acutissimus.. .........2+-eee-- 228 | Pseudaquilegia..... Pan Pere coms aataees 562
pallens ..... Haters farchelarmcicxalerelote nocabas 228 | Pseudoleon.....- Bate A el stella’ clawiey= esas 471
Sagitta.......ceeeee esse eee eee eeee 228 | superbus ...... EEE cries 00 OLS
Pecilocapsus marmoratus.....-+.--+++ 263 | Pseudomyrma.........-+-seeeeeeeee esse 31
Peeciloscytus basilis ..-.....-++++++++: 261 Pseudopinniad......seseeeeseeeeee -e- 2+ 565
intermedius .......--++- Sielelaravelsta sog Vial! nitidd.....- OG Ds BOLARGSUDOUGROL Fae OG
Pogonomyrmex badius ...-.++-++++++++ 33 Psidium occidentale.............+++++: 170
Se Puentebanins sss sce] ssemeeeoe) ||| PRY CMOda 0 sonia = 62 cnnee erin 594.
Polemius languidus.........---+++1-++ 380 | Ppychodide ..-......-- seeeeeee eer e tees 594
Polistes........6. afastiave oekoeie siete a Liatcieleice Lhe Psyllobora tedata.........-++++++--++ . 320
pbellicosus...-.++..+-+++- pieietetoherate 14, 112 Ptenus .......- Ehaystotit srale Rustovanclolsiose e sitors 2
658 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
PterodOntia ViX-- i elesciaissceiee cece saselco (OUL Saprinus, Behrensliviase. cine eeee 322
IPTOLONtICHUSHELOPNIIS (.ciciescsiaciee ee sere 309 DigemmMeuws yi. i cr evelovorerstereleletiste eres 322
protractus........... REE Cae ansistars Ware 308 fimbriatusi. «ae cseeon tocar eee 322
BPlONGIGULUS areata e vise cae hice c ae'eleVore 309 MW DELCUB Eire cfercteversVelowere cietehtee eee ete 322
SBUDCOLGAACUS cies wis ccs cies evenerors- 309 TUB ONS oon cere aioislersterevteictenctam eta steroe 322
PLUTO Noeieserheteichcrs s/vininisieve s/s soles lereiere teers 331 OPACUB seins cloincaleticatct aiaisie late +e2.322, 364
IPLINUSHNLELTUPLUS ese es soe sel esloe eis 331 DIACIGDUS Hee coeiciomresncieee serene Coe
(A ENCEWIS GoannoEBUABEBOBDOOUOUUUS ~» daz VItIOSUB sire ices cleeeewaeidetaenee ae 322
Ptochiomera Oblonga......secesees se: 243 Saundersia signifera .,...:<..:-.c.cl cee weiss 618
Ptychodestrilineatus........ 00.20.00. 339 Scalidia LINEATLIS. -ciieiesreieiclortsiele saceee tie 321
OUT) CER OAR ASCAAIIGS OO OGLICOHTIG COCO GC 339 Scaphidiidw@eysaec- sees aoc k)
Pycnoderes quadrimaculatus........... 267 Scaphisoma apicalovc..jcecce=ee esol cos
Pyropyga fenestralis.... 2.05 0+cclces.c 329 PEDINSUTANE .)5;-\0; «\a1s 0 cinicle e/a'otsverere 319, 363
Pyrota trochanterica............... 356, 439 Scarabeide sacri ierercrevecstrtemeseerereeeeie tee 333
IPYTTNOCOLDLAD se a1o1v re menveeis orton ois cislere eee 247 Scarites subterraneus var, californicus, 307
Pyrrhosoma minimums. 2s. 22. oe. see 484 Sceliphron ceruleum............:-+-..86 9
CONOLLUM < cre c\etncraisinis oer s anne 484 ANT CSc perelotesctoreynrarsiarcietaravectererersterer rete eevee 9
RAN BETA USC: sciarejsto cc ereierse see are he eaters 292 ZLMMEL MANN... sons cerca eaeiice Og OS
Qusdridentata race cwemeice ci vices cee 292 Scelolyperus maculicollis............. » 342
Rasahus biguttatus................000- 284 Schizogenius depressus................ 307
BWI CICOLMISS es ersroc cisions eu cideweiels 284 PlUPIPUNCTALUB 35 Stizus Godmani.......-.- eee creer ees 104
mandibularis.....secccecseceeececes 35 grandis... 2.02 Ved eswicee cca scletely, 103
LYLONL, «20 cr cccceccensseeccserr- cere 35 Tim GaGUS ss cee cistela eis Helaieter tetas rera 104
Sosylus dentiger..........-:-+++ Sitsteelerio20 WNL NCEUSs el ajeletocic oie'=iete oie eleleleieiele 104
Spartocera fusca.....-.-.2---++eee eee 232 Stratiomyide.... 2... seer eer sere reece 594
Spermophagus semicinctus....... .345, 411 Symplerum. ..cceececccceccececeeececees 544
Spherium dentatum.......-.-.-+.++++> 167 Syritta pipiens......-..--. -++-+ esse ee 617
Spherophthalma erecta........ .+-+++++ 93 SGyrphidH...- 22. ccncness--ceccersvces 610
Grabtohtishe onisnoane eoocEoonosoBaaCodo 4 Syrphus opinator.....-.. 6+ -+ eres ee eeee 612
FerVUgiNEd...... sees eeeeeeeeeees 93 Systena teniata var. ochracea.........- 343
GIOTIOSA...... 200.00. eee e se cones 4, 93 MAD UNUG alec lesiste sei cielo loiela'~ eralelsiels =lnlwielelae 595
TNA LDA scisipiecicieieinie sisinis eel sicleie = es 4, 93 Tabanus egrotus ........--2..eee vee ee 597
OLCUSieisieinve rete sicialelels oreei= ins lalwieleia)siecimlals 4 Time@O lacey cisva eo cle c cistatetaleveiolelels vine einiale 597
GACIOmi Th ereleiccieisis(oletelatelelsielele srenesae= 4, 93 punctifer......... eee cece ess towne 598
BCA Os aeleetelaaiate)> ataraleseteteisciniste Belcicfer 94 Tachimide. .... ccc ccvc cvcecccervcce 618
ZAPOCCCA.....--02 oer reece cere sees 93 Tachycellus nebulosus ....- Adan ly)
Sphecide ...........- cece soccer cece es 9, 101 pb lanooasO coaccoGDoVeccHoOsSOD 312
Sphecius convallis ..........+++.++s+0% 103 Tachys audax.......-+-seeeerecees peo, is)
MO DLOT ale lore/oheieiele) viele = -pe)eisieieis\ovesexes~isie i=) 103 COVA XK to occ eclolaleis’statesssetstete clave, oFeintereisiers 308
speciosus var. convallis......-.+++++- 103 VOLE i= occ. cloje sielstelenielelsisie/elelinjaleis olelsie 308
Sphenophorus simplex.........----+- 359 Tachysphex tarsatus...........++ss+-- 106
Sphenothecus basalis.........-+--- 338, 401 Tachytes ......-- ese eres eect eee eeeeeee 105
Sphex caliginosus........-..--++eeseee 6 GASEUNG EUS scares oleleioiela weateratatotetee atatat= Tai 104
Glwoyht: ht age sopoaeeoooe cog dCOOGonD 103 CLONGALUS..... 60.0 2c ceesecne sone seees 104
@LO PATS sc rrin sie 'e/elnie)gr= a sielelvin\® ole viakeers 10, 103 EXOLDAUUS se ca role crore sie teripie tote ratereral sletete 105
IH Wan oonapoopUeOsdoo) Dba Racocn 103 Tapeina nudicornis.......-+++++-+++-++ 340
UCSD te eis Saag ee ee nee user pidsisteld LOS: Tapinoma anale.....-..+.e+eeeeeeeeees 163
TLE ANG UICUUS sje eyeisicyaclancsahe/aioinioill plete eraytiene 102 DONEMLE se fuiere clei eleiviolevato\sisin\s\olelvvale\eloferelele 30
pennsylvanicus ......- ssbiate parang LOS pruinosum var. anale...........+++ 163
Sphictyrtus bugabensis .....-.-.-.-+++ 235 ECT Gee annonnnddepacce cnpononcesac 30
Sphindide..........--.--seeeeereeeeees 333 Tegrodera €YO88........-- eee e eee eneee 356
Sphyrocoris obliquus.......-.--++.--++- 224 Teleonemia sacchari...........ee.eee0. 278
Staphylinide............--seeeeeee eee 317 Telephorus decipieS.........-+++ 329, 380
Staphylinus lucanus.............--317, 362 Tenebrioides mauritanica.............- 324
SAPNYFINUS.........-eveeeeeeeereee 317 TenebrioniGZ: <<. s.isiecicr seeiielersistes 324
VWiOSPl d28 ssa ase sioiwseece coin eeenioas 14, 112
Volucellaieste banat .2\scicisesisi eleleierasstane 612
@SULILSIG 565.1. erat wire eleyieisiclel stenatsrsleeiets (ele 613
fornax .;.. Bonocooo Wl3}
NBA GIL 5.7. y5 ieieie.s sioleiaisisictecialercrenteteratele 614
isabellingsjacs « lelain ls araleinveroe eistevarersttte 468
i
s Py <4
is SE ee
cx a,
on Nl.
Ler eT rene Ree
ae - a
=
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ee
e. * a
os x ;
}
4 _
7 a iad =
¢ bY
ee e
Pp
=
j
;
en een er
—_~
=—
——,
eo
a a we
2
~~
y
\
Tx.
;
ee
rr
a
rey A,
.
PLATE IV.
Alice Eastwood, de/.
LEWISIA KELLOGGII.
PLATE V.
LITH. BRITTON & REYS.F,
PLATE Vi.
LTH BRITTO & PELL.
a.
!
‘
ith. Co.Phi
Plate VII,
Li
Gentury
Proc. Cal. Acad. Sc. Vol. IV.
heppard del. et \ith.
Edwins
Ne nd!
ik ae
OC
Te
Po
ery ie
:
zh
‘2 | Oe
: ea
wey
ad
im
oe
Plate VII.
Proc. Gal. Acad. Sc. Vol. IV.
Century Lith. Co. Phila.
Edwin Sheppard del. et lith.
i)
*
Uys YY Uy i i ly / Hh Wy
YE y Yi H] y
/ Wy TUL
HELD;
HIPPOCEPHALUS JAPONICUS.
“WOINHOUAITVO VINOLOAN
Te dLlvwid
PLATE XII.
NEOTOMA ALBIGULA.
“WNVOIXENW VINWO.LOAN
MINDS TEN SAgSl
Pil AGG Ee ive
Po ae ae ean 4s
SE
4/TH. BRITTON & REY
. PLATE XV.
(ie
Ischnure? erratica Ish. exstriata Lsch. cervula Tschnure perpaa
9. \ Ne : Arg
Lrythragrion salvim Vi chiestes grands cuprea Livida agnoides
22,
Argia oenea
19. 20.
ee See Se, 24.
1} 4
23. / =
Anax /utlus Anax Walsingham Aeschna californica Ae. cornigera
J if yh
Ae. multicolor Ae /utepentis
<2
PYOTO.LTE. BRITTEN & BE.
eu
PLATE XVI.
Fy 8
35. Wacrothemis milzns
4l. foo) \ Ne a
Macrothems MEGUIUIGUIS
A >
i GAN.
Dy. vussala
f |
ips
Sia
= Jy
50; oS
~~ Se
51. 2S Dy thems sterilis
i Fos
Se iS
Dy. velox —
<=
eh th 60.
eee oe
: te aoa
EY ' 59. —
- 64.
~— Pseudoleon superbus
69. Libellula saturela
Orthems ferrugines pe oad
s ii \
A
sad I
“ ON a
f\
) \yee
Pen ak
Octogomphus Speclaras
AOTC dT, BRITTON & EEK,
PLATE XVII.
Micrathyria aidyma
Se Ney)
107.
122.
Ph Zz
AN Ny pie?
HAS yg
123. ey
y Hi yah Di;
Dipi ax Corrupla
HG bL —
e Diplax itjota D, corrupt
PHOTO LITA, EUTTOVE EAS.
PLATE XVIII.
1, Aquilegia ecalcarata Eastwood.
td
PLATE XIX.
PHOTO.LITH. BRITTON & PENS F
ALE. DEL,
wood.
%. Aquilegia micrantha Fast
“4
oon
r
’
’
he
i
¥
‘
;
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'
:
te
“PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
CALIFORNIA
SECOND Sa awTHROPOLOG
CONTENTS:
ISSUED SEPTEMBER 28, 1894.
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
]
PAGE
Report on some Mexican Hymenoptera, principally froni Lower Cali-
EOLA Sy W WMO Mie LoD OR ies, he ath dla bin = ako elalstn pinto eoaige ean ee a 1
On a Collection of Formicide from Lower California and Sonora,
MECEIC ON hy NCO GAOL GBT Gs oS sa ge k i hel gue Scie & igs oaks aoto Safa eal we alans 26
Tunicata of the Pacific Coast of North America. 1.—Perophora
MU RCCL AILS set) ik Wok Ven Hs Pu EDM ATS BeOS eo Pe aaa 37
Studies in Portulacaces. Katharine Brandegee............0. 00.20. 86
Second Report on some Hymenoptera from Lower California, Mexico.
William J. Fox. 92
Some Parasitic Hymenoptera from Lower California.
William H. Ashmead. 122
On Land and Fresh Water Mollusca of Lower California. No, 4.
J. G. Cooper. 130
Description of. a New Species of Ribbon Fish, Trachypterus rex-
salmonorum, from San Francisco.
David 8. Jordan and Charles H. Gilbert. 144
Description of a little known Agonoid Fish, Hippoccephalus japonicus
Frank Cramer: 147
Description of a New Wood-Rat from the Coast Range of Central
KORO RTA Aa: CaN VU ECE AU ee Fy oh Pe an ciation csi Orabal oan Fel 154
Description of a New Species of Wood-Rat from Arizona.
Flora Hartley. 157
Formicide of Lower California, Mexico. Theo. Pergande........... 161
On some Pliocene Fresh Water Fossils of California. J. G. Cooper, . 166
Studies in, Ceanothus: Katharine Brandegee. 2.0.0.2 0 eee 173
Observations upon the Heteropterous Hemiptera of Lower California,
with descriptions of New Species. P. R. Uhler................. 22%
Déscriptions of three New Lizards from California and Lower California,
with a note on Phrynosome blainvillii, John Van Denburgh.... 296
The Coleoptera of Baja California. George H. Horn................ 302
Notes on Crotalus Mitchellii and ‘‘ Crotalus Pyrrhus.”
aks Johu Van Deiburgh. 450
Phrynosoma Solaris, with a Note on its Distribution.
John Van Denburgh. 456
Descriptions of Four New Pocket Mice from Lower California, col-
lected by Walter E. Bryant’ Dr.C. Hart Merriam.............. 457
' PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
CALIFORNIA
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
SECOND SERTRNTHROPOLOGIDYL SOCIET
— ~~ | OF WASHINGTON, D.C,
VOLUMI F ; |
Part 2,
CONTENTS:
The Odonata of Baja California. Philip P. Calvert.................. 463
Two Species of Aquilegia from the Upper Sonoran Zone of Colorado
ita Wish Aliee Bastwood sh. sic. |< td ime oloscl eh Be bs bis ay ataen Syne
Notes on West American Crustacea. .Samuel J. Holmes....... ..... 563
Notes on Palewozoic Crustacea No. 4.—On a New Trilobite from Arkan-
sas Lower Coal Measures. Anthony W. Vogdes...............- 589
Description of Evermannia, a New Genus of Gobioid Fishes.
David Starr Jordan. 592
On the Diptera of Baja California, including Some Species from
Adjacent Regions. C. H. Tyler Townsend.......... ..-..+.--. 593
CE Laa Caleta ih a aks (ASI spree I nae tO aaa a Pee a UR CeIn ielcds blr coi. 621
MMe Rage tc Nr ee RRA MSU AGL) VAN tt GubratatoroPANs tine aioe lane Rint tale oh 643
SAN FRANCISCO:
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
1895,
Issued April 17, 1895.
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