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PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
DAVENPORT ACADEMY
OF
NATURAL SCIENCES,
VOLUME II.
1876-1878.
i AR r
NEW YORK
BOTANICAL
DAVENPORT, IOWA:
PUBLISHED BY J. D. PUTNAM.
1877-1880.
PUBLICATION COMMITTEE — 1879.
D. PUTNAM, Chairman. Dr. C. C. PARRY. Rey. W. H. BARRIS.
Dr. R. J. FARQUHARSON. Dr. C. H. PRESTON.
The authors of the various papers are alone responsible for what is contained in them.
The date of the printing of each sheet is printed in the signature line.
Pages 1-148, and Plates I-III, constituting Part [, were published in July, 1877-
GAZETTE Co., PRINTERS.
a
SOTANI
Pop eee CE.
THE publication of the first volume of the proceedings of the Academy
was so well received, and resulted in such large additions to its library
and museum, it was decided to continue it; and in now presenting an-
other volume it may be of interest to continue the brief sketch of its
progress commenced in the former one.
The year 1876 was largely occupied with preparing the material, print-
ing and publishing the first volume of PROCEEDINGS; but the scientific
work was not neglected, and active Biological, Historical, Archeological
and Geological Sectioxs were formed, holding frequent meetings in ad-
dition to the general meetings of the Academy. The collections con-
tinued to increase faster than space could be provided, and the first
fruits of the publication were seen in the shape of large numbers of
books received in exchange.
Early in 1877 the printing of the second volume of PROCEEDINGS Was
commenced. The 22d of February of this year was made memorable by
the donation of a building lot by Mrs. P. V. Newcomb. A subscription
wus started, plans drawn, contracts let, and the year closed with a well-
constructed building nearly ready for oecupancy—the first of its kind west
of the Mississippi. Other notable events of the year were the discovery
of two inscribed tablets in a mound on the Cook Farm, and the donation
by Prof. T. S. Parvin, of his extensive geological collection. Donations
to the Library and Museum were received from more than 700 persons.
In 1578, on February 22d, the anniversary of Mrs. Newcomb’s gift, the
new building of the Academy was opened to the public. This led toa
great and rapid increase in the collections, taxing the ability of the cu-
rator to the utmost to eare for them. The deposit of the botanical col-
lections of Dr. C. C. Parry and entomological collections of J. D. Putnam,
the exhuming of another inscribed tablet by Messrs. Gass, Harrison and
Hume, and the addition to the museum of an antique pipe carved in the
form of an elephant are events of the year worthy of uote.
At the annual meeting held January Ist, 1879, a new departure was
taken, and a lady, Mrs. Mary L. D. Putnam, to whose zeal the prosper-
ity of the Academy is largely due, was elected President. [arly in this
year No. 1 of the Third Volume of PROCEEDINGS Was published, con-
taining the Reports presented at the annual meeting. The increase of
the library and museum was greater than during any previous year.
The most noticeable additions were the elegant mineralogical collections
of the late Geo. W. Doe. and of the late D.S. True. During all these
years Capt. W. P. Hall has continued his indefatigable explorations
throughout the entire length of the Mississippi river, and of many of its
,.S RAP
| P
REW YORK
>~AL
ys
Sarort
iv PREFACE.
branches, gathering each year many thousinds of stone and flint imple-
ments and earthen vessels. These, together with the results of the la-
bors of Rev. J. Gass, and other members, has rendered the archeological
collection of the Academy one of unusual interest.
The present year, 1880, the thirteenth in the life of the Academy, opens
with a fair promise of continued progress.
This volume contains the proceedings of the Academy for three years,
1876, 1877, and 1878, and is published under an arrangement with the
corresponding secretary, who has attended to all the details of editing.
printing, illustrating and paying the bills. It was the original intention
to issue the work in monthly or quarterly parts, but this was not found
practicable. Part I, containing 148 pages and three plates was pub-
lished in July, 1877, and part II completing the volume is now issued,
- having been delayed a year longer than was expected by the destruction
of the lithographic plates originally prepared to illustrate it. Six plates
(V, VI, by W. O. Gronen, VII, VILI, X, XI by A. D. Churchill) had
been beautifully drawn on stone during the summer of 1878, but were
ruined by the lithographic printer before 2)0 impressions were taken.
After much delay these plates have been reproduced by etchings on
steel by Messrs. W. O. Gronen, W. H. Pratt and J. D. Putnam. Being
first attempts, and without personal instruction, they are not as artis.
tic as could be desired, but will serve to illustrate the text, being
fairly correct in outlines. The cuts also, are, many of them, first at-
tempts at engraving on wood.
From January 1876 to June 1877 (Page 1-148) the minutes of the vari-
ous meetings have been very fully printed. After that date all business
matters, except such as had an important bearing on the welfare of the
Academy, have been omitted, thus giving greater space for scientific
matter. A very full index was prepared, but is omitted on account of
the cost of printing it.
Acknowledgments are due to Prof. Spencer F. Baird, of the Smithso-
nian Institution for supervising the preparation of Plates I-III; to
Messrs. Charles F. Steel, President and James Bannister, Chief Engra-
ver of the Franklin Bank Note Co., 107 Liberty St., New York, from
whom the plates and materials for etching were obtained, for their brief
and practical directions and suggestions; to Messrs. Harroun & Bierstadt.
58 Reade St., New York, who prepared the albertype and artotype plates ;
to Mr. Herman Strecker, Reading, Pa., whoengraved Plates [V and IX;
to Messrs. Hastings, White & Fisher, Davenport, who prepared the neg-
atives for Plate VII; to the Gazette Company of Davenport, who have
done the printing with care and patience, worthy of the highest praise ;
to the various engravers of the plates and cuts, and to all members and
correspondents of the Academy who have taken part in the work.
Geta Seal
PAGE
LORD ENGR, Gabbe OO LODE ONL ORT OE EOE ROMO CEG 6 SuScs GeLeUOCMEM er eeaee Gon cMEerenereer. oe iii
\ BTL OSI SS RE BSA oo Sas SSIES CSe obi coon S.anm COC TOCREOI EINE Orc ieee ere er V
PARE. Ol MUITISUATIONS seo a. = cays es'c acters work ars ier arote Re Ee aire aisiel are sists, aia) ecaiSiehein sa dic, s Sis 4 me ikaw cele vii
Pile ChHONVOtEOMGEEAMOrS (O22 craw crane alee eine oes nw aeomeee saci oases wale 1
Standing Committees for 1876............ ate ae ene teen FS Sedat hater saeyte Cslaainel Sejes cterale 6 5
HUMES OL LHe B1OLOCICAlHS CCULOME at atest ke eRe aah lareinn sis se5 casi seco oe as 9
Resolutionsion.the.death-of Ax Up Banker, so cesepicereciwiesiins osc et a cene ces detec es ss 13
Bini cones Of che MIstorical SeChlGM c.g sree on een seer ee atte Aas cies eis lererenyaiaS atny= 14
Committees of the Historical Section......................-. Mote yXALS/siay Os tehsisbms slat eer sree eleies= 15
By-Laws of the Section of Geology and Archeology......... .....0.-.ee cece e cece cbecee 16
Horned toads in the collection of the Academy. J. D. PUTNAM............--.20- 2+ +--+. 22
Oniihe youn ofa species Of 77) COSA o's) EW DNOAM ete erates micelle a.0, 2 (010521 2m in Se ciel eae 23
Exploration of a Mound near Utah Lake. Junra J. WIRT.................--.--02 202 eee 28, §2
Noticeofi the late: I. Aj Lapham, Li. DD. Dr: C: ©: PARRY---n eh. oc «es 22 aes sce = ccliees 29
Manufacture of Pottery by Mojave Indian Women. Dr. E. PALMER. ...............----- 32
Remarks on Galeodes pallipes Say. J.D. Purnam. Illustrated........ Dae ania soe ee 35
Shell Money and other Primitive Currencies. W.H. Prarr. Illustrated ................ 39
SATA IGG dE eB SY eeras caSerE SOC USISTO Cr CODORRORO conor ce Genito e POC On Ore Oee ee 47
EETeASULeI Ss Lue pOrt 100 18¢ 02" 0 OLIN) ELUMIEL. «0.2 s.ciure einem Sie c cn sie maloeeiareey a :ccice 5 eaeeSoscA 47
CrraLOMsiice POLIHOEM Sé Gua WAC RADE aeons ins ul an coe eek menace Saeleb enone 48
Additions iojne Musenm durine 1876. “Wi. PRAGT sso scsu a: ool nctrenls och jcceseeoniaewre ae 50
FLECORdIN Se SECLeLAny by MEpOLD LOR TOTGsmtO.wEL, ERE STON sobeteles > samieiinwisiewiiecionisionmte eerese « 56
Wibrarianswieporh tor isiG. Rod< WARQUHARSON). «oc oocresss'sia 500 2-40 ese ences « aiesieclele?= 57
Additions to the Library during 1876, J.D. PUTNAM...............0-202.00e-e0e seer rahaetsyae 57
Cormesponuine Secretary sseporb tor ASvGs di. D. PORNAM Seyectees annie cvcwnlomieeisy sesce 64
Reportiof the'Committee of Publication. J.D. PUTNAM. .... ccc cces, ccc enccsceecees == Re
President’s Annual Address. Rev. W. H. Barris .................-- Baie saci c eieiatettee vie)
DIE CHLONLOls MCHA TOLL Ot resect sis: 5 ois was Septet Te ole tates ete MEP chanyeet nel cievataisienixacie nee exeiers U7
AHI O- COMMINCCH MOL Slice. sam certains © cie/~icialbparcke wYetauhe afuinm = atonanyevares« Stomiaeee oe amen eee 80
Mound Explorations in Jackson County, Iowa. C.T. Linpiey. Illustrated. ........... 83
Remarks on Coral Fermations. Pror. H. T. WoODMAN............---0--++ eee sete sage 83
Donation of Geological Collection by Prof. T. S. Parvin................02c0ceeccceve cece ss 89
Deed of Building-Lot donated by Mrs: P. V. Newcomb. --2 2,-2.2. 22.2 ea. coe eee c o- 90
Explorations of Mound No. 3, Cook’s Farm Group, and Discovery of Inscribed Tablets.
REV. Je Asse Minstrated tai Hci. soe Soa oem meer, Ste cemie.n cin sas are eee nee 92
Call upon Mrs. Newcomb, and Address by Rev. S. S. Hunting........................---- 99
On the Inscribed Tablets found by Rey. J. Gass. R. J. FARQUHARSON. Illustrated. ..... 103
Amendment to Article [IX of By-Laws, On Committees..... 2... ...2- 2. eee ee eee eee eee eee Liz
Report of the Director of the Bioiogical Section. J.D. PotNaM..............-.......---- 120
Description of Caloptenus picticornis. Dr. Cyrus THomaAs. Illustrated......... ...... 124
ste eee eee tothe; Kloraotslowa:, Jd =C: AmTHUR 7. eee ote sets eee aateate ole yatol Srcthres er 126
On a collection of Mollusks from Utah and Colorado. ERNeEstT INGERSOLL............. .. 130
Conference-with Library and Art Associations. ... .....-...-.---+.-0s-2s---- ue SAARC)
¢ Py] A recent find of Skulls and Skeletons in Ohio. Rey. S. DB. PEET.................-:------ 138
fr Report of Exploration of Mound No. 10, Cook’s Farm Group. Rey. J. Gass. Thiastrated. 14]
(D Description of inscribed stones found in Cleona Township, Scott Co., lowa. Rey. J. Gass. 142
Deed of Additional land dunated by Mrs. P.V. Newcomb ..........-....... <..-..e---- 143
Remarks on Missonri and Lowa Mound Pottery. Pror. F. E. NrpH|er............-....--- 147
Exploration of Mounds on the Farm of Col. Wm. Allen. W.H. Prarr................ 148, 154
=, Aeporwof: Conference, Committee... 0. sac, mn > ee es otes sadodste visoceccmecnosedese -. 151
Sep) ReportioL bolding: Commiltees.. .\.c~ciacnm cee eee eee oe eek tis Sate Salem letoawis on se 152, 164, 165
©
=
vi CONTENTS.
Page
Examination of a large Mound in Jackson County, Iowa. Rev. J. GASS............00 200 1535
The Shell Beds of the vicinity of Davenport. W.H. Pratt. Illustrated................. 156
Proposition of Trustees of Griswold College) vcore eee eensee) | glass n ene 162
Battle of Fort: Stephenson., (Wi.,0. EP UUNAe nse aie eee ee ceases a ee 165
Resolution offering use of room to Davenport Art Association........6. ....ee cece cece eee 166
A review of the published statements regarding the Monnds at Payson, Utah; with an ac-
count of thetr'strociure.and- origin: Dr. H. PAUMERB?,....-- .-s0--s- nae ears 167
Inscribed Rocks inrCleona Township. REV. di. GASS) 256.0201 cee eelaa dm cle eee ee 172
Report on a Mound in Jackson County. Rev. J. Gass. ‘yee: Le bum dicistara tae aa eee ie
Exercises at the laying of the Corner Stone of the Acudonty Building, October 4th, 1877... 173
Address by. "Revs S:'S. Wm tia gy oso. a.c o oio:5 otejo. cove 1505 05s a7 =< stofalole Seale ee ee 174
Address:byaklon. ZC. Luse.iy 220005, 2 ots caeg is a2 oe sie een ciety ochre 177
Ode on laying the Cornoer-S one. Dr C. C. PARRY...........-6..s---ss-~s Zisies As oda inintate ee 178
Articles'deposited in Corner-Stone. W.H. PRAT... 4..4-- 55+. - > ter eee 179
Ad@ress by T..S: Parvin, 9 0000 ee ee iesiee vay ahs a eisai 180
Resolution offering use of Room to Scott County Medical Society... 0... 2222s «.... 185, 204
On the prevalence of Left-handedness in the City Schoois. W.H. PRatT............. ... 186
A new California Lilly. Dr. C. C. Pansy. Illustrated. ..... . 0.0 -sme >see ae 188
Habits of 4 Singing Mouse. W. H.-PRATO 2220... 260-2 oe 2 cee «onic ye oe eee 190
List of the Lepidoptera of Muscatine County, Iowa. Miss Atice B. WALTON...........-- 191
Reminiscences of the Early History of the Academy. W.H. PRATT ... .............-.-- 193
Amendments fo the Articles of Incorporation...............42 -.s-ecee0e 4:5 sia\envaehactete oe Bee 3)
Annual Meeting, January. 2d and 25th, USB... + -icjsdtec cnt > cee ses eeivisis soci eee eee 204, 206
On the Growth of Paleontology as a Science. S. A. MILLER. .........65-022-05 220-s0eees 206
President's Annual Address, Jan. 25th, 1878. Rev. S.S. HuNTING.. ...-.....-0.-se0-00- 207
Corresponding Secretary’s Report. J.D. PUTNAM......26.........24.4000- I Rear 2i1
Recording Secretary's Report. C. BH. HARRISON «oic<.o\si1o os gil 2/0) -wirn is ee eee ine 212
Treasurer’s Report. Dr. M. B. Cocuran..... eS ee eR = o} wrested late Oe aa 212
Librarian's Report: DR. UW: HAZEN, 2. eso fice .5 5 eciec ade onc senda 3 ace eeee teeter 213 -
Curator s*Report, “WH. PRAT oo. onc seesaw cyan ns 'n occ e m\e lace) Jipio tet e 213
Report of the Publication Committee. J.D. PUTNAM... 26.605 .c00 0. ceccse sess teeiniteses 215
Reportiof the HUstorical Ss CChi Otis.) oo «...--20-c0- oss seein == 279
New Fossils from the Corniferous Formation at Davenport. Rev. W. H. Barris. Ilus-
ae ne, «
bo
DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Massachusetts.
Boston Society of Natural History. Proceedings, Vol. XVII, Nos. 1, 2;
Report on the Geological Map of Massachusetts, 1876.
Cambridge Entomological Club. Psyche, Vol. I, Nos. 1-31.
Nuttall Ornithological Club. Bulletin, Vol. I, Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4.
Museum of Comparative Zoology. Annual Report for 1875: Bulletin,
Vol. III. Nos. 11-14, and Nos. 15,16.
Peabody Museum of American Archeology and Ethnology. Seventh and
Eighth Annual Reports.
Bussey Institute, Jamaica Plain. Bulletin, Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5. (No. 1, out
of print).
Essex Institute, Salem. Bulletin, Vol. VII, 1875, complete; Bulletin,
Vol. VIII, 1876, Nos. 1, 2.
Peabody Academy of Science, Salem. Annual Reports, 1, 2, 3, 4,5, 6;
Memoirs, Nos. 2, 3, 4.
American Association for the Advancement of Science. Proceedings of
the Detroit Meeting, 1875.
Worcester Lyceum of Natural History. Centennial Pamphlet; Officers
and Constitution ; Catalogue of the John M. Earle Collection of
Shells.
Minnesota.
Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences, Minneapolis. Constitution, etc.,
1873; Bulletin, 1874, 1875; Geological, and Natural History Survey
of Minnesota, Second Annual Report.
Missouri.
Historical Society of Missouri. Address at the International Exposi-
tion, (Allen); History of St. Louis and Missouri.
St. Louis Academy of Science. Transactions, Vol. I, Nos. 2, 3, (No.1
out of Print); Vol. II, complete; Vol. HI, Nos. 1, 2.3.
New Hampshire.
New Hampshire Historical Society. Collections, Vol. VIIE.
New Jersey.
Stevens’ Institute of Technology. Annual Announcement, 1876; Strength
of Materials of Machine Construction, ( Thurston); Methods of
detecting phases of vibration in sound; Method of measuring
wave lengths, etc., of sound in gases; History of Young’s discoy-
ery of his Theory of Colors; Effects of Magnetism on Dimensions
of Iron, ete.; Researches in Acoustics, Papers Nos. 5, 6,7; Method
of fixing and photographing magnetic spectra; Determination of
Constants of the law connecting the pitch of a sound, with dura-
tion, etc., ( Mayer ).
Passaic Historical Society, Paterson. Newspaper Report.
New York.
Albany Institute. Transactions, Vol. VIII.
New York State Museum of Natural History. Reports 20, 21, 23, 24, 25,
26, 27. .
ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY. 63
New York State Library. State Cabinet Reports, 8; 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 16,
18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27.
Cornell University, Ithaca. Warfare of Science, ( White); Register and
Catalogue, 1875-76.
American Geographical and Statistical Society. Transactions and Jour-
nal, Vols. 2, 3,4,6. Vol. 1 out of print.
Columbia College. Catalogue of the Library; Report of the Librarian,
1875.
Torrey Botanical Club. Bulletin, Vols. 1. 2,3, 4,5, 6, complete ; Vol. 7,
Nos. 1-10; Constitution and By-Laws.
American Museum of Natural History. Annual Reports, Nos. 5, 6, 7.
The Nation. Nos. 588-600.
Poughkeepsie Society of Natural Sciences. Proceedings, Vol. I., Part 1,
1875.
Union College, Schenectady. Catalogue, 1876, 8ist year; Historical
Sketch.
Ohio.
Cincinnati Observatory. Catalogue ef New Double Stars.
Cincinnati Society of Natural History. Constitution and By-Laws; Pro-
ceedings No. 1, Jan., 1876. Cincinnati Quarterly Journal of Science,
Vols. 1, 2, complete.
Western Reserve and Northern Ohio Historical Society. Tracts 1, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,16, 17, 18,19, 20, 21, 22, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32.
Cleveland Academy of Natural Sciences. Proceedings 1845-1859.
Toledo Society of Natural Sciences. Organization and Constitution 1876 ;
Scientific Monthly, Vol. I, No. 9.
State Archceological Association of Ohio. Minutes of the Convention at
Mansfield, Ohio, Sept., 1875; Circulars, etc.
Pennsylvania.
Academy of Natwral Sciences of Philadelphia. Proceedings 1875, Parts
ig 2,
Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Circular regarding Publication Fund.
South Carolina.
South Carolina Historical Society. Address on Twenty-first Anniversary
( Rivers).
Vermont.
University of Vermont. Catalogue 1876-77; Address before O. B. K.
Society (C. K. Adams); Transactions Vermont Dairyman’s Associa-
tion ; Featherstonhough’s Geological Reconnaissance of the elevated
country between the Missouri and Red Rivers; Featherstonhough’s
Geological Reconnaisance of the elevated country between the Mis-
souri and St. Peter’s Rivers.
Vermont Historical Society. Annual Address, Oct. 17,1876 (H.-A. Soules).
‘Orleans County Society of Natural Sciences. Archives of Science, and
Transactions, O. C.S. N.S., Vol. I, complete.
64 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Virginia.
University of Virginia. Catalogue, 1875-76 ; Semi-Centennial Ode, by
D. B. Lucas; Alumni Address ( Hunter); Economy of Higher
Edueation (Kean).
Virginia Historical and Philosophical Society. Newspaper Report.
Wisconsin.
University of Wisconsin. Historical Sketch, 1849-1876.
Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. Transactions, Vol.
I, 1870-72 Vol. IL, 1873-74.
Wisconsin Historical Society. Collections, Vols. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, complete ;
Catalogue, 2 vols., and Supplement; Twenty-First and Twenty-
Second Annual Reports: Pre-historie Wisconsin, J. D. Butler;
Circulars.
Canada.—Province of Quebec.
Literary and Philosophical Society of Quebec. Transactions, 1873-4, 1874-5;
Manuscripts Relating to the Early History of Canada, Fourth Series ;
Siege of Quebec, on 31st of December, 1775, Centenary Fete, etc.
Le Naturaliste Canadiene. Vol. VIII, Nos. 1-10.
Province of Ontario.
Entomological Society of Ontario. Annual Report, for 1875; Canadian
Entomologist, Vol. VIII, Nos. 1-10.
England.
Newman’s Entomologist. Nos. 161, 162, 163.
CORRESPONDING SECRETARY’S REPORT.
To Rev. W. H. Barris, President of the Board of Trustees:
The publication of the “‘ Proceedings” during the past year has caused a
very considerable increase in the correspondence of the Academy. A
letter or a postal card was written announcing each copy as it was mailed,
and requesting a return of exchanges. In the absence of Mrs. McGone-
gal, this work was undertaken by the undersigned, and at the meeting of
the Academy in November they did me the honor to elect me to the
vacancy caused by her resignation. One hundred and eighty-three com-
munications were written in September, and seventy-one during the
months of October, November and December, making a total of two
hundred and fifty-four. About thirty of these were by Mr. W. H. Pratt,
and the remainder by myself. During this time two hundred and sev-
enty-eight communications of various kinds have been received, most
of them being in acknowledgement of our Proceedings. A large num-
ber of publications have been received, of which a detailed account
will be found in the report of the Librarian. So far as is known but
a small amount of correspondence was carried on previous to Sept.
15th, and of this there has been no record.
A copy book and letter-press were procured, and copies of all iauees
REPORT OF COMMITTEE OF PUBLICATION. 65
written since Sept. 15th have been preserved, and may be readily re-
ferred to. The letters received have been filed in the order of receipt,
and it is intended to prepare an index so that they can be easily referred
to. A blank book has been used jointly by the Publication Committee
and Corresponding Secretary, in which to keep their accounts and records.
Twenty-eight corresponding members have been elected during the
past year, making a total of sixty-two. Owing to the pressure of other
duties during the short time since my election, I have not been able to
notify these members of their election.
It seems to me quite important that the Academy should have some
suitable certificate of membership to send to its corresponding members.
A seal is another of the important needs of the Academy, and I hope
that steps will be taken to secure both at an early day.
Respectfully submitted.
J. DUNCAN PUTNAM,
Davenport, Jan. 2d, 1877. Corresponding Secretary.
“REPORT of the COMMMITTEE of PUBLICATION.
To the President and Members of the Academy :
Tn the first Constitution of the Academy, adopted in December. 1867, its
object was stated to be the ‘‘ Increase and diffusion of a knowledge of
the Natural Sciences, by a Museum, the reading and publication of origi-
nal papers, and other suitable means.’”? A Museum was soon commenced,
lectures were delivered, and papers read before the Society. Occasion-
ally reports of the meetings were published by the city newspapers, but
they were usually hastily prepared, and not often preserved. The matter
of publishing the Proceedings or Transactions of the Academy in a more
permanent form, was ever and anon the subject of discussion, and Dr.
Parry never failed to allude to the importance of such a publication to
the Academy in his annual addresses as President. But nothing had
been accomplished, when, on November 26th, 1875, the following resolu-
tions were presented by J. D. Putnam :—
WHEREAS, The object of the Academy is the increase and diffusion of a knowledge of the
Natural Sciences by the establishment of a Musesm, the reading and publication of original
papers, and all other suitable means; and,
WHEREAS, Many original investigations have already been made by our members, some of
them being of general, as well as of scientific interest; and,
WHEREAS, The publication of our proceedings would be advantageous to the Academy in
many particulars, é. g.-
1. It will preserve much material that might otherwise be lost.
2. It will furnish a greater incentive to our members to make original investigations.
3. It will increase the Library by means of exchanges with other societies and publishers.
4. It will place us on a creditable footing with the other societies of the world. Therefore
be it
Resolved, That the Academy begin the publication of its proceedings with the least possi-
ble delay ; and, :
Resolved, That a committee of five be appointed, of which Messrs. W. H. Pratt and J. D.
[Proc. D. A. N.S. Vol. IL] 10 {APRIL, 1877.]
66 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Putnam (ex-secretaries), and Dr. C. H. Preston (present secretary), shall be members, to decide
as to the best form of publication, as to title, etc., and to prepare the records and make selections
of reports, scientific papers, etc., and determine on the publication or non-publication of each.
This resolution was adopted, and Messrs. W. H. Pratt, J. D. Putnam,
C. H. Preston, R. J. Farquharson, and Geo. H. French, were appointed
a committee on publication of proceedings. No means were provided to
pay for the work, nor, indeed, was there any very encouraging prospect
that any would be forthcoming.’ In the meantime the committee set to
work with a good heart to discuss the various plans for a publication and
to prepare the records, but before getting fairly started, the greatest diffi-
culty in the way of publication—a guarantee that it could possibly be
paid for,—was removed in an unexpected manner by the
WOMEN’S CENTENNIAL ASSOCIATION.
This Society had been organized during the autumn by the ladies of
Davenport for the purpose of having the city represented in the Women’s
Pavilion at the Centennial Exposition at Philadelphia. It was at first
proposed to collect various specimens of women’s handiwork, the best
samples to be sent to Philadelphia for exhibition, and afterwards to be
sold for the benefit of the Academy of Natural Sciences. Many of the
ladies, however, felt that such articles would not fairly represent the work
of women in Davenport, where they have done so much for the advance-
ment of literature and science. So, when the publication of its proceed-
ings was decided upon by the Academy, the ladies made a proposition to
publish the Proceedings of the Davenport Academy of Natural Sciences
from December 14th, 1867 to January Ist, 1876, and to exhibit the work
at Philadelphia as the result of woman’s enterprise.
At a meeting of the Board of Trustees, held December 20th, 1875, the
following resolution was adopted :
WHEREAS, The Academy has received a proposition from the LapIzs’ CENTENNIAL Asso-
CIATION, to publish the Proceedings of the Davenport Academy of Natural Sciences to Jan-
uary Ist, 1876,
Resolved, That the Board, on behalf of the Academy, accept the proposition, and tender our
hearty thanks for this generous aid in furthering the interests of the Academy.
Resolved, That the committee appointed by the Academy, to whom was intrusted the pre-
paration of the records and selections of reports, scientific papers, etc., be requested to furnish
to this Board the matter designed for publication with as little delay as possible.
Mrs. Charles E. Putnam, Mrs. Thomas McCullough, Mrs. M. A. Mce-
Gonegal, Mrs. M. A. Sanders and Mrs. S. B. R. Millar, were appointed a
committee to attend to the details of the publication by the Centennial
Association. Under this arrangement the Ladies’ Committee attended
to all financial matters connected with the publishing of the Proceedings.
To them belongs all the credit of securing the necessary funds, and mak-
ing the contracts for the execution of the work. In fact, they assumed
the entire responsibility of raising the money and paying for the publica-
tion, while the preparation of the manuscript, correction of proofs, etc.,
was managed by the regular Publication Committee of the Academy.
Before undertaking this work, the Ladies’ Centennial Association had
REPORT OF COMMITTEE OF PUBLICATION. 67
already given a ‘Centennial Tea Party,” in November, of which the net
proceeds were $176.00; $100.00 of this sum was now set aside for the pub-
- lication, while the remainder was kept as a reserve fund, to be used in
any manner the Association might find necessary or expedient. A sub-
scription paper was prepared and circulated by the chairman of the
Ladies’ Committee, with such great success that the Committee felt no
hesitancy in making the final contracts with the printers and engravers
for the execution of the work. An estimate of the work to be done was
sent to each of the printing establishments in Davenport, Rock Island and
Moline, and bids were received from four offices. On the 8thof February,
a contract was signed by Messrs. Bronson, Davis and Fluke, and the mem-
bers of the Ladies’ Committee individually, in which the former agreed to
print 1,000 copies of the volume, consisting of 250 pages, 100 copies to be
bound in cloth, and the remainder in paper covers, all to be done in a
strictly first-class and acceptable manner, and the Ladies agreed to pay
them the sum of $419, and $1.50 for each additional page, upon comple-
tion of the contract. They also made a contract the same day with Mr.
L. Hagebceck to furnish 1,000 copies each of thirty-two lithographic
plates, for which he was to receive $223.64, and Mr. J. E. Rice was en-
gaged to make a wood-cut of one of the copper axes.
The Academy committee had, in the meantime, been engaged in
preparing and revising the records, and as soon as the printers were
ready they were furnished with copy, and work was at once begun.
On the evening of the 22d of February the Ladies gave the first of
what was to have been a series of Centennial entertainments for the ben-
efit of the Publication Fund, in Olympic Hall. The exercises the first
evening consisted of tableaux, supplemented by a ‘‘ Martha Washing-
ton” Reception and Tea Party. Although the admittance fee was but
ten cents, the Ladies cleared about $121.00 that evening, and the prospect
of success looked very bright. An Art Gallery had been projected in
connection with the other entertainments. This part of the enterprise
was undertaken by the ‘‘ Bric-A-BRAC CLUB,” a literary society of young
ladies, and was a great success in every point of view. The exhibitions
of paintings, engravings and reliques, loaned by the various owners, far
surpassed the expectations of any one.
But the Ladies were destined to a severe trial, for early on the morn-
ing of the 23d, Olympic Hall took fire and burned to the ground, together
with the entire block in which it stood. As the entertainments were
intended to extend over several days, a large quantity of valuable prop-
erty had been left in the Hall—much of it borrowed of merchants and
others who could illy afford the loss. At a meeting held on the morn-
ing of the fire, the ladies decided that though they might not be legally
bound, yet they held themselves morally responsible to pay all losses to
persons who had loaned articles for the entertainment. The entire
amount of these losses was over $1,500, about $500 of which was gen-
erously remitted. They set to work with a wonderful energy to raise
money with which to pay the balance, and in less than three weeks
68 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
every debt was paid. The Ladies of the Centennial Association were
greatly aided in their efforts to raise the money by the bric-a-Brac Club,
the Parlor Club, and by the citizens generally. PRADT;
J. DUNCAN PUTNAM,
R. J. FARQUHARSON.
C. H. PRESTON,
Davenport, Jan, 3d, 1877. Committee.
The retiring President, Rev. W. H. Barris, then delivered his
ANNUAL ADDRESS.
Ladies and Gentlemen :
In compliance with custom, and carrying out the provisions of our by-
laws, it becomes the duty of the retiring President to make a report on
‘the condition and progress of the Academy in allits departments.’”? Such
a paper must necessarily gather its material mainly from the reports of
the other officers of the Society.
The report of the Treasurer shows our financial status to be sound. In
one respect our Academy is a model. Our receipts for the year have
been in excess of our expenditures.
From the report of the Recording Secretary we find that during the
year there have been fifteen business meetings of the Trustees, and thir-
teen regular meetings of the Academy. The latter have averaged a fair
attendance, though not as full as we could have desired, yet embracing
those most devoted to our work.
The report of the Librarian shows the additions that are constantly be-
ing made tothe Library. Every addition is a new argument for increased
accommodations. Even at the beginning of the year our two cases were
crowded to overflowing. Since that time the number of books have more
than doubled ; 360 volumes have grown to 900 volumes and pamphlets.
The two or three cases modestly asked for by our Librarian are needed
now. We have yet to hear from the vast mass of our foreign exchanges,
and if they respond at all in proportion to their capability, we shall be in
no condition properly to care for them.
The report of the Curator is in your possession. In Archeological re-
mains, the number of stone and flint implements during the year has
been doubled. In the departments of Mineralogy, Geology and Palzon-
tology, the collection has steadily increased. In Botany, valuable con-
tributions have been received. In Zodlogy the acquisitions have been
quite extensive. With the recital of work done in this department, we
are again confronted with the wants of the Academy. The Curator is
ready, and has done his part in the proper identification and classification
of the material under his hand, but as to its full arrangement and scien-
tific presentation to the eye, such as shall make it subserve the highest
purposes of education, in this he is sadly crippled.
Such result cannot possibly be looked for in our present condition, till
76 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
far greater facilities and spaces are afforded, so that whether we regard
the wants of the cabinet or library, we are led in but one direction, and
to but one result. We need a fire-proof building, which will not only
preserve what we have in possession and in prospect, but become a per-
manent place of deposit for valuable libraries and cabinets scattered
over the State, and which, even now, await our action.
The report of the Corresponding Secretary is suggestive of patient,
quiet, persistent work. This post, whatever it may have been in past
years, is now no sinecure. An immense amount of correspondence,
foreign and domestic, now devolves on this officer. The number of let-
ters written, though for the past three months averaging eighty per
month, is no measure of head and brain work required for such a task.
It could only be wro:ight by one whose heart is in his work, to which he
is devoting the best energies of his life.
I suggest, with reference to the offices so far considered, that there be
as little change as possible in the status of the present occupants. When
men are well qualified for their respective positions, either by the posses-
sion of thorough scientific acquirements or acknowledged business hab-
its, it is not wisdom to change. With the offices of President and Vice
President it is different. More and greater good may, and no doubt will:
accrue by change, bringing with it new accessions of interest and strength.
The report of the Publication Committee furnishes us with a full his-
tory of the Women’s Centennial Association, their exposures, tempta-
tions, trials, battles, victory—of which victory they wear the crown ; we
reap the more substantial benefits. It contains, in addition, a complete
account of the preparation of manuscripts, illustrations, publication and
distribution of the Proceedings of the Academy to individuals as well as
societies, the returns they have brought us, and the arrangement of the
whole is so complete, that the merest item of detail can be turned to at
once. Whatever disposition may be made of the paper, it deserves a
prominent place in the archives of the Academy, not only valuable to us,
but to those who come after us. The cost of publication and distribution
up to date has been $1082.87, the whole of which has been paid, with a
small balance in our favor. By way of exchange for 92 numbers of the
Proceedings, there have been received 120 complete volumes, 357 pam-
phlets, at a rough valuation worth over $300. In addition, I may note
that among the works already received are many that it is simply impos-
sible to purchase.
In May last a new feature was introduced into the Academy—the
organization of Sections. One of these was the Biological Section.
There may be much in the nature of the subject, but morein the qualifi-
cations of the parties composing it, that has given it marked prominence.
Not only has it been fully attended, but the interest has kept up since its
organization... Many causes may have combined to interfere with the
work of the other Sections. Whether they can be removed remains to be
seen. Workers are comparatively few and limited as to the necessary
knowledge with which to work to advantage.
I would suggest whether in each of the Sections, especially in those that
RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. C$
as yet have attempted little, there might not be founded schools of instrue-
tion, where especially the younger members might regularly secure such
practical instruction from the lips of the living teacher as shall qualify
them for efficient, practical work. In each Section might be found some
one willing in this quiet way to further the interests of the Academy.
I would emphasize the recommendation of the Curator that especial
attention be directed to the collection and study of the fishes and rep-
tiles found in our vicinity. This department is full of interest, and to
work it up faithfully would add greatly to the reputation of the Academy.
It is hoped that the present season may witness a further and fuller
exploration of the mounds in our vicinity. Much of the interest awak-
ened in the publication of our Proceedings is traceable to the fact that it
abounds in illustration of these relics of the past. Men who are not par-
ticularly drawn out or interested in scientific studies and details, readily
recognize the importance of such collection, and are ready to contribute
to it. We have but to look around our cabinet, and in the array of stone
implements deposited or given to the Academy, realize that the popular
heart and hand has nobly responded to this department of our work.
We are masters of the situation. There remains much land to be pos-
sessed.
The year just closed is, in many respects, the most auspicious year in
our history. The publication of our Proceedings has given us a position
we must not forfeit. Already three papers have been presented as mate-
rial for the commencement of a new volume. They will rank favorably
with papers published by any similar society. They present facts new to
science, and most worthy a place in the archives of any of our sister
societies. The same reasons exist for publication as before. There is
the inherent value of the papers themselves. We have noright to hoard
up such facts ; we have no right to shut them up within the four walls of
this society. It is our duty to disseminate the knowledge and light we
gather to add to the wealth and stimulate other and distant workers in
the various departments of science. That this is expected of us is fully
proved by the pleas that come up from so many quarters for what we
have already done. The wants of the Academy can alone be met by full
publication. No society can work independently of others. Without
their aid we may be toiling and plodding on problems which they solved
years ago. With each fact new to science our own horizon expands.
Facilities are offered by exchanges, enabling us to compare our best work
with others—to do honest, permanent work.
I remind you that the returns already made are full of promise. We
have even now the first fruits—the earnest of a full rich harvest.
The election of officers for the ensuing year was then held,
with the following result :
President—Rrv. 8S. 8. Hunrrne.
Vice-President—Dr. O. H. Preston.
Recording Secretary—Dr. C. C. Parry.
5 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
~}
Corresponding Secretary—J. Duncan Potnam.
Treasurer—Dr. M. B. Cocuran.
Librarian—Dr. EF. H. Hazen.
Curator—Wmn. I]. Prarr.
Additional Trustees—Rrv. W. H. Barris, Dr. R. J. Far-
quHARSON, Wm. Reps.
On motion of Dr. M. B. Cochran, the thanks of the Acad-
emy were tendered to the retiring officers for their faithful and
efficient performance of duty.
The following persons, proposed at the last regular meeting,
were duly elected honorary members of the Academy: Prof.
Asa Gray, M. D., Cambridge, Mass. ; Prof. Joseph Henry,
Washington, D. C.; Dr. John L. Le Conte, Philadelphia, Pa. ;
Dr. J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio; Dr. J. D. Hooker,
Director Royal Gardens, Kew, England; Prof. Alphonse De
Candolle, Geneva, Switzerland; Dr. Wm. B. Carpenter, Lon-
don, England; Prof. J. O. Westwood, London, England.
The committee appointed at the last regular meeting to draft
resolutions in acknowledgement of the services rendered by the
Ladies of the Women’s Centennial Association in providing
means for publishing the first volume of Proceedings of the
Academy, reported the following, which was unanimously
adopted :
WueErREAS, During the past year (1876) an organization, known as the
Women’s Centennial Association, has generously volunteered and effi-
ciently carried out a plan to supply the necessary funds for publishing
Vol. I of the Proceedings of the Davenport Academy of Natural
Sciences. In duly acknowledging the value of this timely gift, which has
placed at the disposal of the Academy, free of all debt, the means of
securing a large and constantly accumulating series of scientific ex-
changes to enrich its Library and Museum, we are not unmindful of the
great labor involved in the undertaking, which, though securing liberal
aid from -other kindred associations of ladies, and always warmly
seconded by the generous contributions of the community at large, has
had to contend with serious losses by fire, and an unusual stringency in
pecuniary affairs, yet still brought to a successful conclusion during the
Centennial year just closed; therefore, be it
Resolved, That the most sincere thanks of the Davenport Academy of
Natural Sciences is due, and is hereby tendered, to the Ladies, both indi-
vidually and collectively, who have been instrumental in carrying out
RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. 79
this generous and laborious enterprise; that, as a scientific society, we
shall ever cherish a most grateful recollection of the valuable assistance
thus rendered in promoting one of the principal objects of the Academy,
and desire herewith to place on our permanent records this testimony to
the great value of the services thus rendered to the cause of science by
the ladies of Davenport.
Dr. C. C. Parry offered the following resolution, which was
unanimously adopted :
Resolved, That the thanks of the Davenport Academy of Natural Sciences
are hereby tendered to the PUBLICATION COMMITTEE for their efficient
and faithful labors in superintending the publishing of their Proceedings;
while recognizing the trials and difficulties under which this duty has
been performed, and the engrossing labor necessarily incurred, we are
satisfied that their gratuitous efforts have been prompted solely by a de-
sire to promote the best interests of the Academy, and we congratulate
them at the conclusion of their labors on the abundant evidence fur-
nished by disinterested and competent parties at home and abroad of the
permanent value of their work.
In the same connection we would further express our appreciative
thanks to the Corresponding Secretary of the’ Academy, who, in spite of
bodily weakness, has accomplished so much mental labor in carrying on
a constantly increasing correspondence, and has so judiciously and effti-
ciently aided in the work of home and foreign exchanges.
January 18ruH, 1877.—Hustoricat Secrion.
J. A. Crandall in the chair.
Five members present.
A number of donations to the Museum of the Section were
announced—among others the journal of an old grocery store
and lumber business in this city in 1837.
Mr. W. H. Pratt deposited in the Library of the Section a
large collection of early New England Historical and Genealogi-
cal works, including nearly a full series of the New England
Historical and Genealogical Register, besides many other books
and pamphlets.
JANUARY 26TH, 1877.—TrRustEers’ Mererine.
Rey. 8. S. Hunting, President, in the chair.
Six members present.
Mr. J. D. Putnam reported proceeds from the sale of Pro-
ceedings to the amount of $18.76, which was, on motion, appro-
80 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
priated towards paying the expenses of future publications of
the Academy.
A proposition was received and accepted from J. D. Putnam
to publish Vol. II of the Proceedings of the Academy at his
own cost, and to furnish the Academy with 500 copies for dis-
tribution, free of expense, provided that 150 copies were sub-
scribed fur by members of the Academy and citizens of Daven-
port at $3.00 per copy.
Permission was granted to Miss Dubois to use the rooms of
the Academy for teaching a French class, three times a week,
upon certain conditions.
JANUARY 26TH, 1877.—Recuiar Merertine.
Rev. S. S. Hunting, President, in the chair.
Twenty-four members present.
The President announced the following standing committees
for the ensuing year:
PUBLICATION.—J. D. Putnam, C. H. Preston, R. J. Farquharson,
C. C. Parry, C. E. Harrison. ‘
Museum.—W. H. Pratt, R. J. Farquharson, C. C. Parry, A. S. Tiffany,
J. Gass, J. Hume.
LIBRARY.—E. H. Hazen, C. H. Preston, E. P. Lynch, J. G. Haupt,
C. T. Lindley. ;
FINANCE.—M. B. Cochran, G. H. French, C. E. Putnam.
FURNITURE.—John Hume, W. H. Pratt, Mrs. C. E. Putnam, Mrs. M.
A. Sanders.
The Corresponding Secretary reported a large number of let-
ters received, and answered during the month, all of which had
been filed and the answers copied.
The Curator reported a large list of donations to the Museum,
including a fine series of Florida corals and shells from the Chi-
cago Academy of Science, and a collection of bird’s eggs from
Dr. J. W. Velie. The thanks of the Academy were tendered
the donors.
Mr. Pratt exhibited a photograph of a gray ground squirrel
(Spermophilus Franktliniz) rolled up into a perfect sphere, with
the head completely out of sight. It was found, frozen solid,
in the center of a hay stack, where it-had probably gone for the
RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. S81
purpose of hibernating. It was brought to the Academy by
Mr. W. R. Smith about a week ago.
The Librarian reported many valuable additions to the
Library, received in exchange and by donation, and also the
deposit by W. H. Pratt of a very valuable collection of Histor-
ical and Genealogical works.
The Committee appointed to audit the accounts of the late
Treasurer, reported them correct. The report was accepted and
the committee discharged.
Rey. J. S. Jenckes and Chas. M. Putnam were elected regular
members of the Academy.
The following communication was received:
DAVENPORT, January 10th, 1877.
After receiving the final report of the Central Committee at the regular
meeting on January 9th, it was resolved: That the DAVENPORT TURN
VEREINDE deems it its duty to cordially thank the Academy of Natural
Sciences for their assistance at our fair of December last; it was further
resolved: that we are under special obligations to those members thereof
whose untiring zeal and protracted manual labor in arranging specimens,
made the display of the Academy so interesting and instructive.
For the Davenport Turn Gemeinde.
CHaAs. N. Voss, Cur. MOLLER,
First Secretary. First Speaker.
To Academy of Natural Sciences, Davenport, Iowa.
A communication was read from the Rey. J. Gass, describing
the discovery on the 10th inst. of two inscribed tablets, in a re-
cent further excavation of the mound on Cook’s farm near this
city, heretofore described in these Proceedings (Vol. I, p. 119,
and pl. I, fig. 3) as Mound No. 3, in which he was assisted by
Messrs. L. H. Willrodt and H. 8. Stoltzenau.* These tablets
have been deposited in the Museum of the Academy on the
same conditions with the former articles from this group of
mounds. The tablets were on exhibition, and much interest
was manifested in them by the members present. . The larger
one was broken by a spade, but is otherwise perfect, and is cov-
ered on both sides with a large number of hieroglyphics and
*This communication has been included in a more complete and corrected description of the
exploration of this mound, which will be printed hereafter.
[Proc. D. A. N.S. Vol. IL] 12 [APRIL, 1877.]
82 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
pictorial representations of animals, plants, ete. On the smaller
tablet are inscribed four circles, nearly perfect, one of them
divided into twelve equal parts, each marked with a peculiar
sign, and another into four equal parts.
On motion of Dr. C. C. Parry the following resolution was
unanimously adopted :
Resolved, That the thanks of the Academy be presented to Rev. J.
Gass for his interesting paper, for the zeal and intelligence with which he
has prosecuted his successful archeological researches, and that the
tablets now on exhibition as the last result of his labors, be known and
designated in the future publications of the Academy as the Gass tab-
lets; and further, that the matter of permanent record and illustration
be referred to the Publication Committee.
General remarks on the recent remarkable mound discoveries
of the Rev. Mr. Gass were made by several members. It being
considered important to continue the excavations, a subscription
paper was put in circulation to raise funds for mound explora-
tion, and $45 was subscribed by members present.
Dr. Parry read a letter from Miss Julia J. Wirt, giving some
further developments in regard to the mound opened near Pay-
son, Utah, of which she had recently written.* One of the
persons engaged in the opening of the mound had reluctantly
confessed to her that the wheat was taken from a mouse’s nest,
two or three feet below the surface, and that the stone box was
amyth. The other parties in the exploration still stoutly de-
clare its genuineness, but there is little doubt that it is a fraud,
gotten up in the interests of the Mormon church. The finding
of the stone box accords very well with certain stories in the
‘* Pearl of Great Price,’? and other works published by the
Latter Day Saints.
On motion of Dr. C. OC. Parry, Mr. A. S. Tiffany was re-
quested to present to the Academy an illustrated paper on
Devonian Fossils, which he has in preparation, with a view to
its publication in the Proceedings of the Academy.
Clarence Lindley read the following paper on
*This volume, page 28.
LINDLEY ON JACKSON COUNTY MOUNDS. ... 83
Mound Explorations in Jackson County, Iowa.
BY C. T. LINDLEY.
In Iowa Township, Jackson County, Iowa, four miles below the mouth
of the Maquoketa River and about half a mile from the Mississippi, is a
group of nine mounds, situated on the farm of Thomas Boothby, near a
locality known to the people of the neighborhood as ‘‘ The Point.”” The
land on which the mounds are situated rises very abruptly from the
river. The sweeping view of the two rivers and the height of the eleva-
tion makes this a very commanding and beautiful locality, thus exhibit-
ing another example of the taste displayed by these ancient people in
selecting the sites of their works. The place is still a favorite resort for
fishing parties and hunting excursions.
At my suggestion, Mr. G. W. Boothby, of Goose Lake, Clinton County,
Iowa, examined four mounds of this group, and the following account
has been prepared from his statements.
The mounds are nine in number, arranged in asinglerow. The first one
examined was that farthest up the river, and may be designated No. 1.
This mound was about five feet in height, and was an elongated pyra-
mid in shape, instead of conical, like the others. The remains of seven
skeletons were found, three with their heads to the east, and four with
the heads to the west. All were lying on their backs. Just above the
Se ae ee
FIG. 7.—Two-thirds Natural Size.
skeletons were three or four large stones. Under one of the skulls, be-
longing to a skeleton having its head to the west, was found a very thin
crescent-shaped implement of copper (Fig. 7), which was probably used
as a knife.* On the floor of the mound, about four feet north of the
center, was found a curious earthen vessel, lying bottom side up. It
was about twenty-five inches in circumference, and four inches deep.
The frailty of its structure was so great that it was almost wholly de-
stroyed in the attempt to unearth it. Directly under this vessel a perfo-
*A similar implement, from a mound near Fond du Lac, Wis., is figured by Dr. Rau in his
Account of the Archeological Collection of the Smithsonian Institution, page 60,
S4 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
rated shell, (a river Unio,) wasfound. The perforation was made near the
hinge of the shell, which was probably used as an ornament. In this
mound, as in all the others examined, numerous pieces of charcoal were
found mixed with the earth.
The next mound examined was No. 4. This was of the usual conical
shape, and was about five feet high and sixty feet in diameter at the base.
Thirty-one skeletons were found lying promiscuously, but principally
with the heads south and feet north. All were adults except one
child. As in Mound No. 1 a number of stones were found directly over
the bodies. On and below the cervical vertebrz of two of the skeletons,
160 copper beads were found, about equally distributed between the two
individuals. In three of these beads the twine on which they were strung
is quite well preserved. It is composed of some woody vegetable fiber.
Eight perforated bear’s teeth were found in connection with one of the
piles of copper beads. Among the rib bones of one of the skeletons was
a flint spear 8% inches long, being the largest I have everseen. Num-
bers of small bivalve river shells were also found in the mound.
Mound No. 6 was then examined. It was of about the same dimen-
sions as No. 4, but probably a little higher. Five skeletons were found,
four being on the floor of the mound, while the other was an ‘*‘ intrusive
burial,’ and was about one foot below the surface. This latter skeleton
was in a bed of ashes, and all the bones were black and completely
charred.
Mound No. 7 was next examined, and but one skeleton was found.
This skeleton was covered with rocks so closely that the soil did not
reach it at all. An abundance of charcoal and burned stones were found
outside the pile of stones covering the body.
Fresruary 2p, 1877.—AnsourneD MEETING.
Rey. S. S. Hunting, President, in the chair.
Twenty members present. Prof. H. T. Woodman, of Du-
buque, was present as a visitor.
On motion of Dr. Hazen, the President, Recording Secretary,
and Treasurer were appointed a committee to prepare and pre-
sent at the next regular meeting an amendment to the By-Laws,
defining the duties of the standing committees on Finance and
Furnishing.
Dr. Hazen also presented the following resolution, which was
adopted :
Resolved, That the thanks of the Academy be tendered tothe gentlemen
who have so successfully and creditably carried out the public entertain-
ment of an oratorical contest in the interest of this Academy, and that
the net proceeds realized from the same, reported as amounting to $26.03,
RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. 85
now in the hands of the Treasurer, be hereby appropriated in accordance
with the expressed wishes of said donors.
Dr. C. H. Preston read an interesting paper, presenting a
brief synopsis of scientific progress for the past month.
President Hunting stated that this paper, prepared at his sug-
gestion, was intended as the commencement of a series of such
reports to be presented at the regular meetings of the Academy,
and asked the active co-operation of the members of the Acad-
emy in carrying out this design.
Prof. H. T. Woodman, upon invitation, addressed the Acad-
emy on the subject of Corat Formarions, recent and fossil,
exhibiting some interesting specimens of the latter, recently dis-
covered by him. In regard to recent coral formations he had
arrived at a conclusion opposed to that held by Prof. Agassiz,
his numerous observations showing conclusively that the range
and limit of particular species of reef-building corals was de-
pendent on the temperature of the water, and not on the depth
or degree of pressure. He also showed that, owing to an im-
perfect knowledge of the development of recent corals, several
fossil forms, representing only different stages of development,
had been described as different species or even genera. He also
exhibited specimens of Catenipora, showing a distinct ray struc-
ture which had not been noticed in previous descriptions. He
alluded to the singular metamorphoses of corals in geodes, etc.
In reference to mound explorations, Prof. Woodman stated,
as an item of practical value in such explorations, that a dis-
tance of fifteen feet, or a multiple of it, was frequently observed
in these deposits. He complimented the Academy on the prog-
ressit has made in such explorations, stating that in some respects
the collections here exhibited were unequaled by any other col-
lection in the country.
On motion the thanks of the Academy were voted to Prof.
Woodman for his interesting address.
Fespruary 9ru, 1877.—Histrortcat SEcrion.
J. A. Crandall in the chair.
Four members present.
86 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Dr. C. C. Parry and Rev. 8. S. Hunting were elected mem-
bers of the Section.
Not much business was transacted, but the evening was spent
in the discussion of historical and other topics.
Frsrvuary 10Tru, 1877.—Trusrers’ Mererrina.
Rey. 8S. S. Hunting, President in the chair.
Six members present.
Dr. C. C. Parry offered the following motion, which was
adopted :
Re-olved, That the Academy assume the subscription to 100 copies of
Vol. II, Proceedings of the Davenport Academy of Natural Sciences to
complete the number of 150, as required to meet the proposition of J.
D. Putnam for publishing the same.
The action of W. H. Pratt, in procuring photographs of the
engraved tablets, was ratified.
On motion of Mr. Pratt, the matter of disposing of the pho-
tographs in the interest of the Academy, was referred to the
Publication Committee with power to act.
Dr. OC. H. Preston offered the following resolution, which was
unanimously adopted :
Resolved, That in consideration of the important services of Rev. J.
Gass in the successful prosecution of his archeological discoveries, and
of his generous action in depositing with the Academy the valuable
material he has so laboriously collected in these researches, he is hereby
constituted a life member of the Academy.
Messrs. Pratt and Riepe were requested to arrange with Mr.
Gass for a definite written understanding of the conditions on
which his deposits of archeological specimens may be perma-
nently held by the Academy.
Fresruary 20TH, 1877.—Trusrers’ Mererine.
Rev. 8. 8. Hunting, President, in the chair.
Eight members present. Also present, Chas. E. Putnam, on
behalf of the Academy, and Messrs. D. Gould and Francis Ochs
on behalf of the School Board.
An informal discussion was had in regard to the proposed
RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. ST
purchase by the Academy of the old High School building, on
the corner of Sixth and Main Streets.
On motion of Dr. C. C. Parry, the Trustees of the Academy,
requested further time to consider the matter, with a view to
making a definite offer for purchase, if thought advisable.
Messrs. Gould and Ochs then withdrew.
On motion of Dr. Hazen it was decided that the Board make
an offer to purchase the premises in question—provided, there
is a reasonable prospect of securing the necessary funds.
The President and Secretary, with Mr. Chas. E. Putnam,
were appointed a committee to endeavor to secure a pledge of
$2,000, through life membership, or otherwise, towards the pro-
posed purchase.
It was voted to authorize the Curator to send the inscribed
tablets to the Smithsonian Institution at Washington for exami-
nation, subject to the consent of the discoverer—Rev. J. Gass.
Fepruary 23p, 1877.—Trustrees’ Meerrine.
Rev. S. S. Hunting, President, in the chair.
Eight members present.
Mr. C. EK. Putnam presented a deed of gift from Mrs. P. V.
Newcomb, donating a building lot on Brady Street, 45x150
feet, north of the Presbyterian Church. The deed was accepted
by the Trustees, and further action deferred to the open meeting
of the Academy.
Dr. C. H. Preston notified the Trustees of a valuable collec-
tion of geological specimens and cases donated to the Academy
by Prof. T. S. Parvin on the condition that the collection be re-
tained in its present form as the Parvin collection. The dona-
tion was accepted, and further action deferred to the open meet-
ing of the Academy.
A motion was made and carried that the committee appointed
to confer with the School Board in regard to the purchase of the
old High School building, be authorized to take into considera-
tion the subject of erecting a building on the lot now donated by
Mrs. Newcomb, and canvass the whole question in reference to
a permanent home for the Academy.
SS DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
The Treasurer and Secretary were authorized to renew the in-
surance on the property of the Academy, the present policy
expiring on the 26th inst.
Frsruary 23p, 1877.—Reeutar Meerine.
Rey. S. S. Hunting, President, in the chair.
Twenty-four members present.
President Hunting, on account of necessary absence, called
the Vice-President, Dr. C. H, Preston, to the chair.
The Curator, W. H. Pratt, reported a number of additions to:
the Museum by donation.
Dr. Hazen, as Librarian, reported a number of additions to:
the Library by donation and exchange. He also stated that he
had in preparation a complete catalogue of the Library.
The Corresponding Secretary reported the correspondence of
the month somewhat reduced.
As Chairman of the Publication Committee, Mr. J. D. Put-
nam reported that the Proceedings of the Academy had been
copied and prepared for publication from January Ist, 1876, to:
February Ist, 1877, and a portion had already been placed in
the hands of the printers. It is expected to issue the first part,
bringing the Proceedings of the Academy down to the end ot
March, sometime during April or May.
Mr. Geo. H. French offered his resignation as a member of
the Finance Committee, which was accepted.
Messrs. L. UH. Willrodt and J. H. Harrison were elected regu-
lar members. The names of five persons were proposed for
membership. '
The Committee on a Revision of the By-Laws made a report
which was laid oyer to the next meeting for action.
Mr. Pratt was authorized to make arrangements for a lecture
or lectures from Prof. Butler, of Wisconsin, on behalf of the
Academy, at his discretion.
The following letter from Prof. T. S. Parvin, of Iowa City,.
was read by the Vice-President, Dr. C. H. Preston:
RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. 89
Iowa City, February 21st, 1877
Charles H. Preston, M. D., Davenport, Iowa :
DEAR SiR :—I propose to donate to the Academy of Sciences of your
city my geological cabinet and the cases containing the same—requiring
only that the Academy keep the collection, and it alone, in the cases, as
my distinct contribution to its cabinet; and that the Academy take the
same from the rooms of the Historical Society in this city, where it has
been stored for some years past.
The cases are of white walnut, panelled, with glass sides and front, 64
feet high, 83 wide, and 13 deep, and eight in number. ‘The cases cost me
upwards of $100, and the collection cost me much labor, worry, and
about thirty years of time.
The Historical Society need the room they occupy at once, and I know
of no better method of disposing of my labors than to transfer them to
the Academy. I write this at my office, and my volume of the Transac-
tions of the Academy being at my house, I do not know the name of
your President, so write you, requesting you to hand this to him.
If the Academy accepts, it would be better to send one of its members
here to take charge of packing and transportation.
The Mineralogical collection I shall bring to my office, aan to
future arrangement. You will recollect the collection placed at one time
in my lecture room at the University, and have some appreciation of its
interest and value.
I am proud of the success and prospective permanency of the Acad-
emy, and have given it, therefore, the preference over the High School
of Muscatine (at which place I made much of the collection—not in
point of locality, more than of time), the Historical Society, or University.
Yours truly,
Seely Ar EN
On motion of Dr. Parry, this donation was accepted by the
Academy, and Dr. M. B. Cochran was appointed to proceed at
once to Iowa City, and take charge of the removal and trans-
portation of the collection, as requested by the donor.
Dr. C. H. Preston then offered the following resolution, which
was adopted unanimously :
Resolved, That in accepting from Prof. T. 8S. Parvin, of Lowa City, the
very generous donation to the Davenport Academy of Natural Sciences,
of his entire Geological Cabinet, the result of thirty years’ labor, and
much care and expense, we would hereby express our earnest thanks and
high appreciation of the scientific fellowship and good will which has
prompted this valuable gift.
Dr. C. C. Parry remarked that this donation, representing the
work of an earnest life-time, may be properly regarded as one
[Proc. D. A. N.S. Vol. IT.] 13 [APRIL, 1877.]
90 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
of the direct results of the recent publication of the Academy,
showing that it was a dive and likely to be a permanent institu-
tion.
On motion of Dr. M. B. Cochran, Prof. T. S. Parvin was
recommended for life membership of the Academy.
Mr. Chas. E. Putnam, on behalf of Mrs. P. V. Newcomb,
formally presented the following unconditional
DEED.
This Deed of Bargain and Sale, Made and executed this 22d day of
February, A. D. 1877, by and between Patience V. Newcomb, Widow, of
the County of Scott and State of Iowa, of the first part, and ‘* The Dav-
enport Academy of Natural Sciences,” a corporation duly incorporated
under the laws of Iowa, of Davenport, Jowa, of the second part, WITNESS-
ETH: That the said party of the first part, for and in consideration of the
sum of Four Thousand Five Hundred ($4,500) Dollars, in hand paid by
the said party of the second part, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowl-
edged, has granted and sold, and does by these presents, GRANT, BAR-
GAIN, SELL, CONVEY AND CONFIRM, unto the said second party, its suc-
cessors and assigns forever, the following real. estate, lying and being
situated in the County of Scott and State of lowa, to-wit:
Part of Out-Lot No. Sixteen (16), Davenport, Scott County, Iowa, bounded
as follows, to-wit : Commencing on the west line of Brady street,and on the
north line of property heretofore conveyed to the Presbyterian O. S. Church
of Davenport, Iowa, running thence west along said north line one hundred
and fifty (150) feet, more or less, to an alley, thence north forty-five (45) feet,
thence east one hundred and fifty (150) feet to Brady street, and thence south
along the west line of Brady street forty-five (45) feet to the place of beginning.
This conveyance is made as an unconditional donation to ‘* The Davenport
Academy of Natural Sciences,” to show my appreciation of its worthy ob-
jects,and because of the great regurd I entertain for my young friend, J.
Duncan Putnam, and my admiration for the noble work he is doing in its
behalf.
The intention being to convey AN ABSOLUTE TITLE IN FEE to said
real estate, including any right of homestead had therein.
To Have and to Hold the premises above described, with all the ap-
purtenances thereto belonging, unto the said second party, its successors
and assigns forever. The said Patience V. Newcomb hereby covenant-
ing herself and her heirs, executors and administrators, that the above
described premises are free from any incumberance: that she has full
right, power and authority to sell the same ; and she will WARRANT AND
DEFEND THE TITLE unto the said second party, its successors and
assigns, against the claims of all persons whomsoever lawfully claiming
the same.
RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. 91
In Witness Whereof, The said party of the first part has hereunto set
her hand and seal the day and year first above written.
~~ >.
PATIENCE VIELE NEWCOMB. |L.S. |
— <=>’
STATE OF IJowA, ScoTr COUNTY, ss:
BE IT REMEMBERED, That on the 23d day of February, A. D.
1877, before the undersigned, a Notary Public in and for said County,
personally appeared Patience V. Newcomb, to me personally known to be
the identical person whose name is subscribed to the foregoing Deed as
Grantor, and acknowledged the instrument to be her voluntary act and
deed. and that she executed the same for the purposes therein men-
tioned.
WITNESS, my hand and Notarial Seal, the day
ne A. LE CLAIRE. ) and year last above written.
Notariai Seat. \ Louis A. LeClaire,
Scorr Co., . lowa. Notary Public, Scott Co., lowa.
[Filed for Record the 24th day of February, A. D. 1877, at 2 o’clock P. M.,and recorded in Book
38, of Town Lot Deeds, on page 122.
J. A. LECLarRe, Recorder.)
[Entered for taxation this 2d day of March, A. D. 1877.
JAMES DOOLEY, Auditor.]
In acceptance of this gift, Dr. Parry offered the following
resolutions :
Resolved, That the Davenport Academy of Sciences accept, with pro-
found gratitude, the unsolicited gift by Mrs. P. V. Newcomb of a valua-
ble and eligible building lot in this city; that the alleged motive of the
donation—‘ to show my appreciation of its worthy objects, and because
of the great regard I entertain for my young friend, J. Duncan Putnam,
and my admiration of the noble work he is doing in its behalf,’”’—largely
enhances to us the value of the gift; that upon this broad and assured
foundation we have every encouragement to hope that ere long, by the
liberality of our citizens, a noble superstructure shall arise for the bene-
fit of future generations, commemorating to all time the name of the
generous and esteemed first donor.
Resolved, That Mrs. P. V. Newcomb be at once enrolled on the list of
Life Members of this Academy, and that a copy of these resolutions be
presented in person by the officers and members-of the same.
These resolutions were unanimously adopted by a standing
vote of the Academy, all the members present rising to their
feet.
A committee to arrange for a formal complimentary call on
Mrs. Newcomb, to present the above resolution, was appointed,
to consist of Rev. S. 8. Hunting and Dr. C. C. Parry... To
92 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
these were added, on behalf of the ladies, Mrs. C. E. Putnam
and Mrs. C. C. Parry.
Dr. R. J. Farquharson reported a considerable correspondence
in regard to the tablets recently discovered by the Rev. Mr.
Gass, and that much interest had been manifested in them, and
~ serious doubts expressed as to their genuineness. If truly the
work of the mound builders, they were by far the most impor-
tant relics that have yet been found. In order to satisfy these
doubts, Mr. Gass has prepared a detailed statement and com-
plete history of the mound in which these tablets were found.
The following paper was read:
A Connected Account of the Explorations of Mound No. 3, Cook’s
Farm Group.
BY REV. J. GASS.
To the Academy of Natural Sciences :
Although a second partial report of the explorations of the Mound
designated in Vol. I of these Proceedings as Mound No. 3 of the Cook
Farm Group, has been submitted, it seems to be desirable to present a more
particular description in connection with diagrams so as to afford a con-
nected representation of all the facts and the results of the investigation,
and especially so as some errors occurred in the former description and
illustration, and also from the fact that on account of recent discoveries
this mound has become an object of especial interest. My own ideas re-
garding the discoveries I will present on a future occasion, giving here
only the facts.
South. a b ¢ Cc North.
iM
ad € ¥ d’
FIG 8.— Scale, about 10 feet to one inch.
Mound No. 3 is the Jargest of this group, and is situated on the highest
ground in the vicinity (Plate I and page 119, Vol. I, Proc. D. A. N.S.).
Fig. 8.—Vertical section of Mound No. 3, Cook Farm Group.
Fic. 9.—Plan of same mound; so far as the layers of shells and stones extend.
a, Position of limestones met with in the first excavation, one foot below the surface. b, Po-
sition of human remains first met with. c,c’, Upper shell bed. d,d’, Lower shell bed. e, Cavi-
ty ex/avated at the north side of grave A. f, Position of the tablets. #, s, Limits of shell bed
bordered by a row or layer of stones.
GASS ON MOUND EXPLORATIONS. 93
Its diameter at the base is about sixty feet and height three and one-half
feet above the natural grade. Having been many years under cultiva-
tion, its height has doubtless been thereby somewhat reduced. The form
is not conical, but considerably flattened, as shown by the diagram, Fig.
8. It is a so-called double mound, there being in the central portion two
graves, extending east and west, and parallel to each other, separated by
three to four feet of earth, and designated by A and B, (Figs. 8 and 9.)
Each grave is about six feet wide and nine to ten feet long, and exca-
vated to a depth of two and one-half feet below the natural surface,
reaching to the hard clay in the middle of the exeayation, which is slop-
ing on all sides, giving it a concave form, though flattened at the bot-
tom. The actual mound raised over the whole is now only three to four
feet above the original surface, and presents somewhat the form of a
cone. If we divide the mound by a line passing from east to west through
the center, the grave A is in the southern and the grave B in the northern
half.
OTIS
JAF ISK,
North.
— K
[
rp
South. Ss
3,
a, ‘a: &.
i Dron
Dicky
Ass O oe =e ~
Anvwler Die), ‘
East. e
FIG. 9. — Seale, about 10 feet to one inch.
EXPLORATIONS OF 1874.
When, in the latter part of 1874, I, with the assistance of W. En-
gelbrecht, E. Borgelt and H. Decker, who were at that time theological
students, explored the other mounds of this group, I opened at the same
time the southern grave, A, of this mound, the details of which work I
here give in full, from notes taken at the time.
We made an opening several feet in width, and, as we afterward found,
three or four feet to the south of the grave, A. At the depth of one foot
we found a scattered layer of limestones (a), under which was a stratum of
earth about one foot thick. At the southern side of this opening, one
and one-half feet from the surface, we discovered two human skeletons (b).
From the condition of these skeletons, and from their arrangement, and
the nature of the objects found associated with them, it is clearly shown
that they belong to our century, and not to the age of the mound build-
94 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
ers, the bones being in a good state of preservation, and, as is often
found in Indian graves, covered with the boughs of oak trees.
The objects found with these bones were a fire steel, a common clay
pipe, a number of shell and glass beads, and a silver earring.
furnish rooms in good style, and after expending that the excitement
subsided, they did nothing more, or dragged along with a constantly de-
creasing interest until it reached the vanishing point, and the project has
been virtually abandoned. The money ought not to be had witil the solid
work brings it.
There is still plenty of work to be done both for and by the Academy.
In many directions we have scarcely made a beginning. We must labor
to round it into full and symmetrical proportions. I need not now partic-
ularize the points requiring especial attention and effort.
Whether our Association has contributed much to it or not, it is grati-
fying to note that the city schools have made a great stride within the
last ten years in the introduction into several grades of the natural
sciences, physics, botany, zoology and physiology. That much remains
to be desired and hoped for in the same direction, is indicated by the
record of the last School Board meeting, that ‘* the motion to introduce
geology into the High School was lost.”” This is not very discouraging,
however, as it was only postponed for a time, and will probably be done
ere long. We may also note the marked absence of natural science in
the Normal Institutes, and the lukewarmness of teachers generally.
If the few who began the work shall be able, as they drop off, to leave
our institution in abler hands, with sufficient vitality to ensure its per-
manency, continued growth and increasing usefulness, it will be the
height of our ambition, and even more than we dared expect or scarcely
to hope for at the beginning. I, for one, do now confidently expect this,
so much interest is already manifested, and so good a foundation laid,
thanks to those who have so earnestly taken up and so nobly borne the
burdens of these latter days. Itis assured by the increased and increas-
ing sympathy and appreciation on the part of the community. Indeed,
I am happy to say that for my own part, I never for an hour lost my
confidence in the Academy and its future prosperity and usefulness.
Let us hope that the close of another decade, during which time some
more heads will be laid low, and some more names will disappear
from the original roll of members, or be marked with the *, may
find the Academy situated in its own completed building, with a good
lecture room and valuable museum, an institution whose regular meet-
ings, lectures and publications, whose labors in the cause of human
progress, whose connection with the public educational system, and in-
fluence upon the community, may conmand respectat home and abroad,
may be a source of pride and of real benefit to every citizen.
After the reading of the above paper further remarks were
202 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
made by Dr. Hazen, Mr. Tiffany, Mr. Thompson and others of
the older members.
During this month Dr. John Lord delivered a course of six historical
lectures under the auspices of the Academy. The subjects were as fol-
lows: Dee. 14th, ‘‘ Michael Angelo ;’’ Dec. 5th, ‘‘ Queen Elizabeth” in
the afternoon and ‘* Hildebrand” in the evening ; Dec. 17th, ‘* Galileo ;”
Dec. 18th, Madame Maintenon”’ in the afternoon and *‘ Alexander Hamil-
ton”? in the evening. The lectures were delivered in the Presbyterian
church, and were well attended. The net receipts were $140.
DeceMBER 281TH, 1877.—BrotogicaL SEcrIoN.
Three members present.
Mr. J. G. Haupt reported the extraordinary fact of the blos.-
soming in open air of the following plants during the past week,
viz: Viola cuculata, Viola concolor, Capsella bursa pastoris.
Other species were in bud. Such an event has not before been
observed in this region since its settlement by the whites.
DercemBer 28th, 1877.—Recutar Meerrine.
Rey. 8. S. Hunting, President, in the chair.
Nineteen members present.
A large number of valuable donations to the Library and
Museum were reported, including a fine collection of Florida
shells and corals from Mr. W. W. Calkins, of Chicago, and
forty volumes of books from Dr. E. Palmer. The thanks of
the Academy were voted to the donors.
The following persons were elected regular members: Jos.
Parry, jr.. W. O. Gronen, J. B. Young, Frank 0. Davis, F.
H. Miller, Chas.* Beiderbecke, Chris. Mueller, B: W. Gartside,
Conrad Kruse. The following were elected corresponding mem-
bers: S. A. Miller, Cincinnati, Ohio; Mrs. J. M. Milligan,
Jacksonville, Ills. ; M. Tandy, Dallas City, Ils.
Mr. Pratt made some remarks on a new process of cleaning
clocks by steam.
The Secretary read a paper by Mr. Calkins, describing the
habits of many of the Florida shells and corals presented to the
Academy.
*
RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. 203
JANUARY 2p, 1878.—Sprrcrat Meretinea.
Rey. S. S. Hunting, President, in the chair.
Twenty members present.
The President stated that by order of the Trustees he had
called this special meeting of the Academy, to consider and act
upon certain proposed amendments to the articles of incor-
poration.
Mr. Chas. E. Putnam presented the following resolutions:
Resolved, That Article IV of the Articles of Incorporation of the
Davenport Academy of Natural Sciences be amended so as to read as
follows, viz:
ARTICLE IV. The business affairs of the Academy shall be managed
by a Board of twelve (12) Trustees, who shall be elected at the first reg-
ular meeting after the adoption of this Article, four (4) to serve one (1)
year ; four (4) to serve two (2) years, and four (4) to serve three (3) years,
and at every annual election thereafter four (4) Trustees to serve three (3)
years. The President, Treasurer and Recording Secretary of the Acad-
emy shall be ex-officio members of the Board of Trustees, and entitled to
vote; and a majority of said Trustees (including the officers above
named) shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. The
officers of the Academy shall consist of a President, two (2) Vice-Presi-
dents, a Corresponding Secretary, a Recording Secretary, a Treasurer, a
Librarian, and a Curator. The Officers and Trustees must be residents
of Scott county, lowa, and shall be elected by ballot at the annual
meeting on the first Wednesday in January in each year, or if the annual
meeting is nol so held, at any subsequent meeting, of which at least two
(2) weeks notice shall be given in a newspaper, published in the city of
Davenport. Each Trustee or officer must receive a majority of the votes
cast, only one being elected at each balloting. The membership of the
Academy shall consist of regular, corresponding, and honorary members.
The right of voting and holding office shall be confined solely to regular
members, but corresponding and honorary members shall be entitled to
all other privileges. In case of a vacancy caused by the death. removal
or resignation of any officer or Trustee, an election to fill the vacancy
shall be held at the next regular meeting after the announcement
thereof. The President of the Academy shall also be President of the
Board of Trustees, and preside at its meetings, and the election of any
Trustee as President, Recording Secretary, or Treasurer, shall cause a
vacancy.”’
* Resolved, That Article VII of the Articles of Incorporation be
amended so as to read as follows, viz:
“ARTICLE VII. These Articles of Incorporation may be altered or
amended at any regular meeting of the Academy by a vote of two-thirds
of the members present, provided, the proposed amendments have been
204 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
presented to the Board of Trustees in writing at least one month prior
thereto, and notice thereof published in some newspaper in the city of
Davenport, stating the substance of the proposed amendments. The
Board of Trustees shall present to the Academy any amendments thus
offered, with a report on the question of its adoption, and with such
modifications as they may see fit to reeommend.”’
Resolved, That the President and Secretary be authorized and in-
structed to certify to the adoption of the foregoing amendments to the
Articles of Incorporation, and to have the same recorded as required by
law.
After due discussion the above resolutions were separately
voted upon, and were unanimously adopted.
The business of the special meeting having been concluded,
the President stated that this was the time for holding the reg-
ular
AnnuaL ME&ETING
for the reception of reports and election of officers. Mr. C. E.
Putnam presented the following resolution, which was adopted:
Resolved, That the reception of reports and election of officers be
postponed until the regular meeting on the last Friday of this month,
and that when this meeting adjourns, it be to meet in the new building
at that time for those purposes.
Mr. Chas. E. Putnam, Dr. R. J. Farquharson and Dr. C. H.
Preston were elected a committee to report at such meeting the
names of suitable persons to be put in nomination and voted
on for officers.
The following persons were appointed a committee to make
arrangements for an opening of the new building, viz: Dr. M.
B. Cochran, Mrs. Chas. E. Putnam, Dr. C. H. Preston, H. C.
Fulton, John Hume, S. 8S. Hunting and Mrs. D. 8S. True.
At a meeting of the Board of Trustees, held January 2, 1878, the fol-
lowing resolution, presented by Dr. C. H. Preston was adopted :
Resolved, That the Davenport Academy of Natural Sciences offer to the
Scott County Medical Society the joint occupancy of one or other of the first
floor front rooms in the new Academy building. The Medical] Society to be
privileged to hold its sessions therein, pay in consideration of fuel, lights and
jaintor’s service one dollar for each evening session, and twenty-five cents for
each day session, and to be allowed case room for two cases of average size
for the deposit of books and articles appropriate to a medical museum, such
library and museum to be accessible at all times to the members of the Acad-
emy, but that no books shall be removed from the building.
RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. 205
JANUARY 5TH, 1878.—BroLtocgicaL SEcTIoN.
Four members present.
Mr. Putnam exhibited some specimens of new bark louse,
probably a species of Alewrodes, found on a hard maple (Acer
saccharanum) in Peoria by Miss Emma A. Smith.
Prof. Sheldon presented a tine series of hermit crabs (Hupag-
nus longicarpus, Stimp.) from Chatham, Mass., in the shells
which they were inhabiting.
JANUARY 1llru, 1878.—HistoricaL Sxrcrion.
J. A. Crandall in the chair.
Thirteen members present.
Mr. W. C. Putnam read a paper upon *‘ Old Fort Armstrong,”
which embraced nearly all that is now known concerning that
important military post. The building of the Fort on Rock
Island in 1816, a complete description of its plan and appear-
ance, its earlier incidents and later history, together with its
abandonment in 1836, were successively described. From 1836
to 1865 the buildings went gradually to ruin, being superseded
at the latter date by the present Rock Island Arsenal. Much
of the material for the article was gathered from the oldest
settlers.
January 25TH, 1878.—Reeutar Meerine.
Rey. 8S. S. Hunting, President, in the chair.
Forty-two members present.
The donations to the Library and Museum were reported.
The following persons were elected regular members: H. R.
Claussen, C. A. Ficke, Robert Krause, Francis Ochs, H. Lam-
bach, Jens Lorenzen, Dr. J. J. Ohlshausen, Mr. J. M. Parker
and Mrs. J. M. Parker—all of Davenport. The following per-
sons were elected corresponding members: W. W. Calkins,
Chicago, Ills.; Otto Gunther, Worcester, Mass. ; Miss Alice
[Proc. D. A. N.S. Vol. II.] 28 [May, 1878.]
206 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
B. Walton, Muscatine, lowa; Mrs. Dwight Merriman, Jackson,
Mich.
The Corresponding Secretary presented a letter from Mr. 8. A.
Miller, acknowledging his election as a corresponding member,
and containing the following note:
On the Growth of Paleontology as a Science.
BY S. A. MILLER.
In 1818, the Rev. Mr. Steinhaur, an educated botanist, described spe-
cies of Sigillaria, Stigmaria, Lepidodendron, etc., in the Trans. Am.
Phil. Soc. under the older generic name Phytolithus, where others placed
fucoids. Very slowly the flora of the Coal Measures was separated into
genera and species, but these plants continued to be the oldest known
for many years. About twenty years ago, Prof. Dawson astounded the
scientific world, by his discovery of land plants, in rocks of Devonian
age, and, in 1859, he made the first announcement of the existence of land
plants as low as the Upper Silurian. His Psilophyton remained solitary
and alone the only representative of land vegetation from the Upper Si-
lurian rocks, until within the past year. Now we are met with the state-
ment, that plants have been found in the Niagara Group as large and
well marked as the Lepidodendron from the Coal Measures,* and Prof.
Lesquereux has described several forms from the Lower Helderberg
Group more highly organized than Dawson’s Psilophyton. Nor do our
palzo-botanists stop here, for my learned and esteemed friend, Prof.
Lesquereux, has come down to the base of the Cincinnati Group, which
is the equivalent of the Trenton, and-described as land plants Psilophy-
ton gracillimum and Sphenophyllum primevum, and from the upper part
of the Cincinnati Group, he has described the Protostigma sigillarioides.t
Is is only proper, however, to say, that I believe his Psilophyton gracilli-
mum cannot be separated by generic differences from Graptolithus
abnormis found as low as the Quebec Group, and that it is yet a
matter of some doubt, whether Sphenophyllum primcevum is the recent
work of an insect or a graptolite of the genus Oldhamia, while Prof,
Newberry is positive that his Protostigma sigillarioides is a fucoid, with-
out any character resembling aland plant. These differences of opinion
between the doctors, however, will fade away in the light of future dis-
overies, leaving the truth to stand as part of the science, like all our
well established facts in natural history, more strongly supported by rea-
son of the contention.
Cincinnati, January 8th, 1878.
*Since published in the April number of the American Journal of Science and Arts, under
the name of Glyptodendron eatonense.
Read before the American Philosophical Society in October, 1877, and published in its Pro-
CEEDINGS.
ANNUAL ADDRESS OF THE PRESIDENT. 207
ApsouRNED ANNUAL MEETING.
Mr. Hunting delivered the
President’s Annual Address.
BY REV. S. S. HUNTING.
Ladies and Gentlemen of the Davenport Academy of Natural Sciences :
It being my duty to make a report on ‘* the condition and progress of
the Academy in all its departments,” during the year 1877, I will con-
dense into a few pages what it seems essential for me to say, and will
refer you to special reports of the different departments, for interesting
details of the work.
The year had scarcely begun when we were happily surprised by the
discovery, in a mound on ‘* Cook’s Farm,” of the ‘‘ tablets” which have
already become celebrated. We may well wait for the solution of the
problem as to what they were made for, and what is the interpretation
of the writing and hieroglyphics, but we cannot be indifferent to the ca-
vils of skeptics. We are glad to see that candid inquirers grant the force
of the testimony showing how and where they were found, and that they
are genuine records of the mound-builders.
The report of the Recording Secretary shows a commendable amount
of work for the year. Twenty-two trustee meetings were held, thirteen
regular and five special meetings of the Academy, besides meetings of
Geological, Biological and Historical sections. The increase in regular
members has been large; twenty-seven life members and one hundred
and twenty-two corresponding members have been elected, and eight
honorary members were elected at the annual meeting.
There have been two lectures on the ‘* External and Internal Anatomy
of Insects,”’ by Miss Emma A. Smith, and six historical lectures by Dr.
John Lord.
The several papers presented to the Academy have been especially in-
teresting, and unusually important, some of which have been already
published. The following deserve special mention :
1. A connected account of the exploration of mound No. 8, Cook’s
Farm Group, by Rev. J. Gass. 2. On the Inscribed Tablets, found by
Rey. J. Gass, by R. J. Farquharson, M. D. 3. A paper by Dr. C. C.
Parry, descriptive of the lily discovered by himself. 4. Description of
a new speciesof Acrididz from Arizona, by Dr. Cyrus Thomas. 5. Three
new chemical tests, by Dr. M. W. Iles. 6. Utah mounds, by Dr. E. Pal-
mer. 7. Geology of Davenport and vicinity, by Dr. W. H. Barris.
I would also eall your attention to the valuable donations which have
been made during the year, and mentioned in the report of the Curator.
The Historical Section has had ten meetings during the year, with an
average attendance of twelve at each meeting. The donations of val-
uable historical works and interesting relics have been considerable.
The interest of the Academy in this Section is increasing, depending
208 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
greatly on the series of historical papers which have already been pre-
sented and are yet to come.
The tenth anniversary of the founding of the Academy—December
14, 1877—was very appropriately commemorated by a paper from the
Curator, W. H. Pratt, entitled, ‘‘ Reminiscences of the Early History of
the Academy.”
It appears that the inspiring motive which led to the founding of this
Academy, was the ‘‘ Acquirement and dissemination of scientific
knowledge, to encourage research and scientific instruction in the public
schools.”’ A majority of the gentlemen who first united their efforts in
this laudable enterprise, still are with us, but some have fallen asleep.
When they began they had no other purpose than to work for their cause,
unconscious of the rich treasures even at their doors, but hidden from
their view. They wanted a scientific club in which they could compare
their observations, interchange views, and unite their collections, so that
a museum might possibly be developed. Of the first members, one has”
certainly become distinguished in his department, and we would send
greetings to-night to Dr. C. C. Parry on the plains of Mexico. Like all
such enterprises, its inception was due to a few hopeful and enthu-
siastic persons.
The Treasurer’s report for the year 1877 shows commendable results.
The increase to the general fund has been $875.41. The expenditure has
been $860.72. The endowment fund has been increased by life member-
ships and donations, to the amount of $2,763.50, and by others means
$227.33, making in all about $3,000, with other sums conditionally sub-
scribed for the building enterprise.
The contract for the new building was $4,080, but other expenses will
make the whole cost $4,500. Circumstances over which the Trustees
had no control have prevented the raising of the whole amount of
money needed, and the Trustees have been obliged to resort to a tem-
porary loan, hoping that the new interest in the work of the Academy
will bring the needed aid, and trusting that the temporary debt will not
be a permanent embarrassment.
Special attention is called to the report of the Publication Committee.
The welcome given to the first volume encouraged the committee to go
forward with the second, which was to be issued in two parts. A propo-
sition was accepted from Mr. J. D. Putnam, in which the Academy was
to have 500 copies free of expense, provided that 150 copies were taken
by members of the Academy and other persons at $3 a copy. To hasten
the beginning of the work, the Trustees guaranteed a subscription for
100 copies. Thus the work began, and the first part was produced in
good type of 148 pages, illustrated by fifteen woodcuts and three alber-
type plates of the inscribed tablets. The erection of the new building
has delayed the work of publication, but I earnestly recommend that the
second part of the volume be printed as soon as possible, as the best
means to bring before this community the work of the Academy. Bear
in mind that the publication of the first volume has brought the Acad-
emy into correspondence with over 300 similar associations in different
ANNUAL ADDRESS OF THE PRESIDENT. 209
countries, and from all those societies there flows into the Academy an
endless stream of publications, giving the best information upon all
important scientific researches and discoveries. As the object of the
Academy is ‘‘ The increase and diffusion of a knowledge of the natural
sciences,” I suggest that the committee restrict the published matter to
articles of a historic and scientific nature, by leaving out the record of
all business which is of simply local interest. In that case we would
have a volume of greater value to corresponding members and the socie-
ties to which it is sent in exchange.
It cannot be expected that a society so young, with so few members
who have leisure for scientific research, can make many original investi-
gations. But we have those who are zealous to do what they can in that
direction. The paper already referred to, on ‘‘ Our Local Geology,” is of
special interest in this respect, and deserves careful perusal. ‘he ques-
tion discussed by Dr. Barris is this: ‘‘Is the Hamilton Group alone
developed in our vicinity ?” or ‘‘ Do we have, in addition, the rocks
of the Upper Helderberg ?”’ Certain explorations which have been go-
ing on in the quarries westof the city, have been examined and found to
present facts new toscience. Asa result of his investigation, Dr. Barris
claims:
1. The discovery of a series of beds of limestone that has never here-
tofore been described. 2. The determination of their true relation to
the disputed rock in the neighborhood of Rock Island and Moline. 3.
That these beds have well defined limits, the Hamilton being above, and
what the workmen call the ‘flint rock” below. 4. That they contain a
remarkable series of fossils entirely differing from any in the Hamilton
Group. 5. That the affinities of these fossils are with those of the Upper
Helderberg. 6. Hence, these beds constitute the upper fossiliferous
member of the western extension of the Upper Helderberg.
Every member of the Academy must see that it is of great importance
to us and to science that such investigations be put in print, so that the
conclusions may be either confirmed or refuted by other scientists.
The Director of the Biological section says, ‘‘ the object of this sec-
tion is to promote and assist investigation in all that pertains to living
beings, both animal and vegetable.’’ The activity of this Section has
been commendable, and the results considerable. There have been six
meetings and seven papers have been presented, besides verbal commu-
nications with exhibitions of specimens. Original investigations have
been made requiring patient observation. In entomology, Mr. J. D. Put-
nam has rendered good service to science by the study of the natural his-
tory of two species of bark lice found on the bark or leaves of the white
maple. He has observed many interesting facts, and a new species has
been discovered. He says: ‘* This is a most interesting case of two in-
sects belonging to the same family and living under similar conditions
on thesame tree, often in close contact with one another, and yet differ-
ing greatly in all their habits and modes of development.” A paper
upon this subject will soon be submitted to the Academy. Mr. Putnam
is also pursuing original investigations in referenee to the Solpugide of
210 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
the United States of which he says: ‘‘ Although greatly neglected, this fam-
ily is one of great interest, as it occupies an intermediate position between
the eight legged Arachnide (spiders or scorpions), and the true six-leg-
ged insects.” These studies require not only a habit of accurate obser-
vation, but also patience and perseverance. The Academy may con-
gratulate itself that it has members who are determined to push out
original investigations in Biology, and with better facilities for work
much more will be done. This section is open for the reception of orig-
inal papers on all animals, from the parasitic insect to the lordly being
upon which it regales itself.
The report of the Corresponding Secretary shows that nearly the whole
scientific world, extending from California via Australia, to Russia, Ger-
many, France and England, is communication with us. The correspon-
dence is voluminous, and the publications received as donations are many
and exceedingly valuable. Contributions have been made by individ-
uals in nearly all the States of the Union, and from all the principal sci-
entific societies and institutions of the United States and of foreign
countries. In this connection I will direct your attention to the valua-
ble report of the Curator, which shows the exceeding gain of the past
year. In view of the constant increase of the valuable contents of the
museum, every person will see that the new building was a necessity,
and had we turned back from the enterprise when once begun, we should
have been recreant to the duty of the hour, and unfaithful to the trust
we had accepted.
During the year 1877 two regular and three corresponding members of
the Academy have died :
Mrs. Wm. Renwick’s sudden sickness and death cast a shadow over a
large circle of friends, who mourn her loss as the good and the true are
ever mourned.
Mr. U. N. Roberts, a citizen respected and honored for his many servi-
ces to the community, was a faithful member and a generous friend of
reform.
Jared Potter Kirtland, M.D. LL. D., died at his residence in East
Rockport, Ohio, December 10, 1877. at the advanced age of 84 years. In
scientific research and study he devoted himself especially to general
natural history and geology. Dr. Kirkland was elected an honorary
member of this Academy, Jan. 3d, 1876.
Timothy Abbott Conrad died on the 9th of August, at the residence of
his brother-in-law, W. T. Abbott, of Trenton, N. J. He was ason of
the late Solomon Conrad, of the University of Pennsylvania, and was
born in 1803. He was one of the most distinguished of American
paleontologists, and was elected a corresponding member of the Acad-
emy, March 27th, 1877.
Sanborn Tenney, Professor of Geology and Natural History in Wil-
liams College, Williamstown, Mass., died suddenly on the 11th of July,
at Buchanan, Michigan, while on his way to Chicago, to join a Williams
College exploring party to the Rocky Mountains, of which he was the
ANNUAL ADDRESS OF THE PRESIDENT. yl i
projector and leader. He was the author of text books on zoology and
geology. He was born in Stoddard, N. H., Jan. 13th, 1827, and was
elected a corresponding member of the Academy, April 27th, 1877.
When I reluctantly entered upon the office of President, I was told
that in 1877 we must have a home for the Academy. but we did not know
whence it would come. We began to look around for the desired build-
ing and location, and in the midst of our anxiety, we were surprised by
the valuable gift of a building-lot from our most worthy friend, Mrs. P.
V. Newcomb. That gave direction to our efforts. With a fair prospect
the Academy resolved to go into the community and beg the money for
a building, and keep out of debt, which was a laudable resolution. The
plan was carried into execution. Head winds and side currents checked
the motion of our ship, but did not stop it. With genuine pluck and
faith our cause has moved on, and the foundation of this building was
laid on the original soil. It has been erected as the kitchen or working
part of the building yet to come. To build cheaply was prudent. It is
the way thrifty people begin to make their fortunes. This is to be a
house of industry, a school of the sciences, a garden for culture, a home
for all the virtues.
I congratulate you upon the results of the year 1877, the end of ten
years of persistent effort. I congratulate the trustees on the harmony
and good cheer that have attended your councils, and the unanimity
with which you have acted. We welcome the new and rising Art Asso-
ciation under our roof, and tender to it all the hospitality which we can
afford for ourselves. Whilein biology, entomology, conchology, geology,
paleontology, archeology, philology and sociology, this Academy is soly-
ing the problems which underlie art and history, our sister association
will put on the walls of its gallery the delineations of ‘* The Good, the
Beautiful, and the True,” in color and in photograph, suggestive always
of something better yet tocome. When we tire of the more material
studies, we will ascend and ‘look aloft.” The bridegroom, sturdy Sci-
ence, Shall keep steadily at his work, delighted even by studying the hab-
its of an insect, while the bride, Art, shall welcome him from the door
of her chamber, and with extended hand and a benignant smile, shall bid
all her friends ‘‘ come up higher.”
The reports of the various officers of the Academy were then
presented and referred to the Publication Committee.
The CORRESPONDING SECRETARY reported that during the year 482
letters were written, and 740 letters were received, the great majority of
which were relative to the publications and scientific work of the Acad-
emy. The additions to the Library during the year were as follows:
Complete volumes, 168 octavo, 87 quarto,.................... 255
Pamphlets and parts of volumes, 331 octavo, 31 quarto,...... 362
Maps= piovorraphse Cts a: . .. > 7..
The foregoing species were lately received by me, and too late for in-
sertion in their regular order. They are from the southern coast of
Florida, and have been compared with types in the Philadelphia Museum
by Mr. Tryon.
Aprit 6TH, 1878.—BroLoeicaL Sxcrion.
Three members present.
Mr. J. G. Haupt had on the table a large number of the
early spring wild flowers. He reported that Acer dasycarpum
blossomed on March 15th, Hepatica acutiloba on March 284d,
and some fifteen species of field plants were now in blossom.
Mr. J. D. Putnam reported the first appearance of Vanessa
antiopa on March 23d, and of Grapta comma about March 30th
RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. 253
Aprit 121TH, 1878.—Htsroricant SEcrion.
J. A. Crandall in the chair.
Seven members present.
A number of valuable additions to the Library and Museum
were reported.
Mr. J. A. Crandall read his report as chairman on the pro-
gress of the Section during the first two years of its existence,
and of its present condition. He dwelt at some length upon the
necessity of preserving the large number of historical docu-
ments, books, ete., which are now liable to be lost.
Aprit 20TH, 1878.—Bronogicat SEctTion.
Five members present.
Messrs. Haupt and Churchill presented a large number of
fresh wild flowers, and some time was spent in their analysis.
Mr. J. D. Putnam reported the discovery, on April 19th, of
the male of a species of Aspzdiotus affecting the soft maple
(Acer dasycarpum), in company with the more abundant Leca-
nium acericorticis Fitch. By this discovery the life histories of
both species are now pretty well known, with the exception of
the embryological development. He exhibited under the micro-
scope the first stages of the eggs now forming in the ovaries of
L. acericorticis.*
Apri, 25TH, 1878.—Recutar MeEetrine.
Dr. R. J. Farquharson, President, in the chair.
Fourteen members present.
Donations to the Museum and Library, and correspondence,
were reported.
Mr. J. D. Putnam reported that the printing of the Pro-
CEEDINGS had been resumed, and that signatures 21-24 had been
printed.
Mr. Henry Frahm was elected a regular member.
*L. acericorticis Fitch, Trans. N. Y. Agr. Soc., Vol. XIX, p. 775, 1859,= LZ. acericola, Walsh
& Riley, Am. Ent., Vol. I, p. 14, 1868.
[Proc. D. A.N.S. Vol. IL] 34 [Sepr. 1878.2
954 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
May 21st, 1878.—HustroricaL SEcrion.
J. A. Crandall in the chair.
Seven members present.
Donations to the Museum and Library were received, and the
thanks of the Section voted to the donors.
The Secretary read an interesting letter from Hon. Hawkins
Taylor, of Washington, D. C., giving some account of the
early county-seat troubles, ete.
May 31st, 1878.—Rereurar Meerine.
Dr. R. J. Farquharson, President, in the chair.
Eleven members present.
The Publication Committee reported that signatures 25-32
inclusive of the Procreprnes had been printed since the last
meeting, bringing the record down to March 29th, 1878.
The Corresponding Secretary reported 192 letters and ac-
knowledgments received and 85 letters written during May;
that he had distributed 144 copies of the ProcrEprnes, and had
received in exchange and by donation 40 complete volumes and
16V pamphlets and parts of volumes, including current numbers
of over 30 periodicals.
The Curator reported a large number of donations to the
Museum, among them a large vessel of ancient pottery, and
several hundred flint implements, forwarded by Capt. W. P.
Hall from Alabama. Many of the flints are of a gray, trans-
lucent quartzite, containing numerous opaque, white nodules.
Dr. Farquharson gave an interesting account of the formation
of ice on the ‘‘ Rapids,”’ and stated that he would at an early
day read a paper on the subject.
JUNE Ist, 1878.—BrotoeicaL SECTION.
Three members present.
Mr. W. H. Pratt read a letter from Prof. 8S. A. Forbes, of
the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, regarding the
small crustaceans mentioned on page 18 of this volume, speci-
mens of which had been sent to him. He says, ‘‘ The larger
RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. Q5d
one proved to be Limnetis gouldiic Baird, ¢ and ¢— the
former more abundantly represented than in its eastern habitat.
The smaller one I have temporarily identified as Cirrodaphlina
angulata Say. It agrees entirely with Say’s description, but
that is too incomplete. Say’s locality was ‘‘swamps of the
Southern States,’’ and we cannot fix his species with certainty
until collections from the South are studied.
Mr. J. G. Haupt reported two additions to the flora of Scott
county, as follows:
Silene antirrhina L. Sandy soil near Walcott. May 28th.
Lithospermum officinale L. Rare in open woods near Valley City.
May 13th.
Mr. J. D. Putnam reported that the females of Lecaniwm
acericorticis had commenced to lay their eggs on May 24. He
was now engaged in tracing the development of the embryo,
and as soon as this is completed would present a paper on the
subject.
JuNE 28TH, 1878.—Reeutar MEETING.
Mr. C. A. Ficke in the chair.
Four members present.
The list of donations to the Museum and Library during the
month were reported, and the thanks of the Academy voted to
the donors.
Antoine J. LeClaire, W. O. Schmidt, and Miss Alla P.
Lowrey, of Davenport, were elected regular members. Prof.
George H. Cook, Burlington, N. J., and Thomas Bland, New
York were elected corresponding members.
JuLy 121TH, 1878.—Hstorican Section.
J. A. Crandall in the chair.
Four members present.
A number of valuable donations were reported ; among them
a collection of 194 valuable papers from the estate of the late
Antoine LeClaire, donated by Antoine J. LeClaire, Esq.
956 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
JuLty 26TH, 1878.—ReevuLtar MEETING.
Dr. R. J. Farquharson, President, in the chair.
Nine members present.
A ‘large number of donations to the Museum and Library
were reported by the Curator, and the thanks of the Academy
were voted to the donors. | : * * F
AN Gave eee secerncreteoa-ccsrercl a * * * *
WY Sl oars ansespossmsasnsansosca * * | * | *
Presence in quarry denoted by a *.
(1) In thin layers. (2) Scattered on surface. (3) Consolidated into reef.
One of the most marked characteristics of these beds is the frequent
recurrence of large cavernous openings of greater or less extent and
irregularity. They have the appearance of having been worn out by the
action of running water. They are filled with foreign material, derived,
no doubt, from higher rocks in the series. Prof. Hall, in his Geology of
the State of Iowa, Vol. I, pp. 84 and 130, has called attention to and de-
scribed several such instances occurring in the Helderberg. In the
quarries we are examining, these reservoirs of foreign material may be
resolved into three classes, referable to the material with which the cay-
ity is filled. . /
First are those filled with sand and sandstone. This sand exists in
very fine grains, of a white or greyish white color, occasionally stained
with iron. Insome portions it is no unusual circumstance to find peb-
bles and rolled stones. So far no fossils have been discovered in it
belonging to the mass. It is most probable this sand has filtered through
LOCAL GEOLOGY OF DAVENPORT—BARRIS. 965
from some member of the coal measures. It could hardly have belonged
to a later formation.
In other cavities occurs a tenacious blue or greenish clay, having some-
what the appearance of a tire-clay, and to some extent used for that
purpose, how successfully I know not. It possesses a uniform consis-
tency, varying little in character or color with the depth to which it has
been exposed. It is so difficult of removal that the quarrymen leave
large masses of it in place after removing the surrounding rock, so that
in the quarries they still stand up in pyramidal forms, or in case the
quarries are overflowed with water, they constitute the islands appearing
above the surface.
In passing I would call your attention to what appears to have been a
regular subterranean water course. In Cook’s quarry is a mass of clay,
twenty or thirty yards in length, three feet broad, and in depth extending
down nearly if not quite to the “ flint rock”’ before referred to. No work-
man could lay up a series of stone iayers presenting a better facing than
that exhibited by these walls. The curves are frequent and gradual. The
filling of clay is so difficult to deal with that the workmen blast down to
“flint rock,” then cross over and begin their work on the other side.
While so firm is the clay, that after the rock has been removed from its
sides, it maintains its erect position, and for days in pleasant weather
retains all the impressions made by the abutting rocks. This blue clay,
whether confined in cavity or extended in this ancient water course, is of
the same character as that described by Prof. Hall as occurring in the
quarries between Moline and Rock Island, and which he regards as hav-
ing originated in the coal measures, finding in it in that locality a Huom-
phalus, distinct from any in the surrounding rock, and very similar to a
carboniferous form. This, then, is no doubt the origin of the blue clay.
But we come to a fact new to science, as first developed in these quar-
ries. Side by side with these reservoirs of sand and clay from the coal
* measures we have immense cavities, filled with the soft shale of the
Hamilton*. The bedding is generally irregular, no doubt in its lower part
conforming to the irregularities of the rock in which it has been depos-
ited, in the upper partaking somewhat of the irregularities of the roof,
yet everywhere preserving traces of the layers.
The gentleness of the deposit may be inferred from the fact that this
shale is crowded to repletion with immense numbers of the smallest
shells of the Hamilton, in the most complete possible state of preserva-
tion. ~Within the space of a few feet, after every rain, hundreds of the
small Chonetes, with even their spines preserved, are washed out.
*Some of these cavities are distinguished by huge masses of carbonate of lime, most gener-
ally presenting the appearance of a crowded, confused acicular crystallization. The form of
the mineral, in some instances, suggests its having been originally suspended from the roof o¢
the cavity, and then by some means being detached and precipitated into the clay. Other spec-
imens have every appearance of having been formed where found, as they partake of all the
irregularities in the deposits of the clay by which surrounded, while others stil] have been
rounded by the action of water until they are worn quite smooth. Fossils are scarce in this
class of cavities.
266 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
Cyrtina appears in numbers, some no larger than a kernel of wheat.
There is no end to the young of Strophodonta demissa, Stiophodonta per-
plana, Orthis vanucemi, Spirifera sub-attenuata, etc. The most frail coral-
line forms generally preserved only on the surface of the hardened shale,
fronds of Fenestella, Ptylodictya and Tentaculites here lie loose in the soft
matrix. These tender children of the Hamilton have been so cared for
and kindly protected through ages, that to-day in these reservoirs may be
obtained more numerous specimens of the young, and in a finer state of
preservation, than from the same area in any natural exposure of the rock
itself. It is a simple question: With no marked natural exposure of the
shale about us for niles, how and whence came this shale into its present
position ? Thenurse is here the rough old Helderberg, holding the children
fondly and lovingly to her bosom; but the mother herself is absent, and
has been for ages.
Itis mainly in their fossils that these beds present especial points of inte-
rest. I have had occasion already to speak of the Rensselleria as they form
continuous reefs of more than a foot in thickness, or as their broken
valves lay scattered on the surface of the upper layers, extending down-
wards to the depth of three or four feet. In addition to this abundant
fossil, and in the same beds, have been found the remains of Crinoidea
in great numbers. It is only within a short time that two have been
found in such state of perfection as to warrant a full description. These
forms are all limited to the uppermost beds so well defined on this side
of the river. Underneath these we find a rock corresponding to the dis-
puted beds between Moline and Rock Island, and common to all the
quarries we have examined. On lithological grounds aione the two
would be pronounced equivalents, while some of the same fossils are
found in both, serving still further to identify them. In this rock are
found Gypidula laeviuscula, Hall, Spirifera subundifera, Worthen, Calceo-
crinus Barrisi, Worthen,and Phragmoceras Walshii, Worthen. A Cono-
cardium has been found in marking and size so similar to Conocardium
trigonale, Hall, that there is scarce a doubt of its identity. Of unde-
scribed fossils, part of which are now in process of description, we have
three species of Crinoidea, the remains of Ganoidea, a large Trilobite,
one Rhynchonella, two Gyroceras, and one Aviculd. In addition are quite
a number of fossils in too poor condition to admit of description, mainly
casts. Among these are the genera Evomphalus, Bellerophon, Platyos-
toma, Orthoceras, Gomphoceras, and Platyceras.
It is a remarkable fact that of the whole number of fossils thus far
enumerated, not one, in this locality, is found in either of the two divisions
Prof. Worthen describes as fairly representing the Hamilton Group.
Prof. Hall recognized the rock as containing ‘* few fossils,”’ neither iden-
tifying old or describing new species. Prof. Worthen published that no
fossils were found in it differing from the Hamilton. This was a neces-
sary result at the close of the respective State Surveys, of which they were
the Geologists in charge. The quarries since opened have furnished
facts then unknown. The following list of fossils are found in the rocks
LOCAL GEOLOGY OF DAVENPORT—BARRIS. 267
claimed as the Upper Helderberg, none of which are found in the Ham-
ilton proper. The localities are alsogiven. A star (*) denotes presence.
‘Rock Island| Cook’s |Intermed’te} Smith’s | Milan
and Moline.| Quarry. Quarry. Quarry. “3 5
| | |
T.—Fossils Already Described. | |
Spirifera subundifera...................--+ * * =
Calceocrinus BarrisSi.............cccee00--. | * |
Gypidula occidentalis.................0008 | * * * *
Gypidula laeviuscula..............eeesee ee = Has Soe og
Rensselleria Johanni.............s.00065 | ® * } 5 |
Conocardium trigonale...............0008 *
Phragmoceras Walshi.........:0-eecee+0 | * * *
IT.— Fossils in Condition to be| : |
Described. | |
Megistocrinus......-ssses-ssseseeseeeeeeese | *
Crinoidea, two new species.............. = | | }
Trilobite.....-s0s-cesscceessessssseeesssesseses| *
EUR HOM Cll Aesccenesssesassersssescsecorabans | = | = €
GVMOCERAS ssa seecechecsestceecceesecssbcreasss | * | * | *
Avicula, tWO SPeCIES..........0:sceseverees | *
ITI.—Fossils in Poor Condition. | | |
Crinoidea, three species...........c.sce0 | * { *
[BRL O HAD Est iS eacanes seneannaccteessesnenslvap 2 | : 7 | *
Bellerophon | * | * *
Platyostoma * | *
WO) PH OU CT AS tn raneconnrecanetsanetncrsncaeenctecs * | | *
GOMPHOCCLAS. 7htccens sacesconesecexanccecds* * | *
Platy cerasey 2. .lkscseccessslononscssscucsaste a | +
RACV CLAS ees ccascie even tstnnasenestaesnmetes S
MULOUPA LOD OLA merss-ccscscessetccsestassenercse * |
The present paper, as its title implies, deals exclusively with our
local geology, facts as gathered from our immediate neighborhood. We
do not claim that the same state of things in all its minutia of details
characterizes other localities. But the general principle will be found
to hold good, and as time goes on we hope to apply it. While we admit
that possibly hereafter some of the above forms may be found penetra-
ting into the Hamilton proper, -it is equally possible that with more
extended quarrying more new species will be discovered, confined to the
lower rock.
268 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
If asked why we do not find some of the prevailing forms of the Upper
Helderberg, we know no better reply than the following: A friend and
accomplished geologist writes, ‘‘ You ought to find,if your rock is Cor-
niferous, some characteristic mollusks as Huomphalus De Cewi, Conocar-
dium trigonale, Pentamerus aratus, Paracyclas proavia, ete.” Inthe same
letter he specifies as exclusive and diagnostic species of the Hamilton
of Ohio, Spirifera mucronata, Tropidoleptus carinatus, Pterinea flabellum,
Nyassa arguta, etc. It is remarkable that in the Hamiiton of Lowa, here
or elsewhere developed, not one of these fossils find place. We are neces-
sitated to rely on anentirely different series to determine the Hamilton of
Iowa. We look for Orthis Iowensis, Spirifera pennata, Spirifera aspera,
Spirifera subauttenuata, forms unknown to the Hamilton of Ohio. The
inference is valid, that if we are necessitated to look to Iowa for the
characteristic fossils of the Hamilton, why may we not look to Iowa for
the characteristic species of the Corniferous.
As aids in the identification of our rock, we have first, characteristic
fossils of the Helderberg ; secondly, the occurrence of closely representa-
tive species; and thirdly, the general aspect’ of the whole as a whole.
Under the first head we have the Gypidula lceviuscula, Hall, figured from
the horizon of the Upper Helderberg of Iowa. The Rensselleria
Johanni, Hall, is also from the Upper Helderberg of Iowa. Our Cono-
cardium is undistinguishable from the Conocardium trigonale, Hall, of
the Corniferous limestone of New York. As closely renresentative spe-
cies, our Gyroceras, seem to have their affinities with those figured
from the Corniferous in the Geological Report of Ohio. A Paracyclas
here occurs, closely resembling the Paracyclas proavia of the Cornife-
rous, the genus, as such, mainly confined to the Upper Helderberg. The
massive plating of our Ganoidea, with its array of stellate tubercles, at
least recalls the description of the Macropetalicthys Sullivantt, Newbury,
of the Ohio Geological Reports. The general aspect of the whole series
of fossils is widely different from that of the Hamilton.
We do not disguise the fact that intermingled with the above fossils,
and especially through the lower parts of the rock, occur many of the
same fossils that are found in the Hamilton. Elsewhere they are com-
mon both to the Hamilton and Upper Helderberg, and are of no strati-
graphical importance. Such, for instance, are the Atrypa reticularis,
Atrypa rugosa, Athyrus vittata, Strophodonta demissa, and others. The
position taken by Prof. Hall, and maintained solely on lithological
grounds, that the Upper Helderberg is developed in our vicinity, seems
thus fully supported by paleontological evidence. With a knowledge of
the fossils above enumerated, there is every reason to suppose Prof.
Worthen would not hesitate to refer them to thesame geological horizon.
If there had been no natural lithological division, if these fossils were
only on the surface, if one or two species were alone represented, if they
were insignificant in character, their evidence might possibly seem of
little weight. But the opposite is true in each particular. There is a
well recognized natural distinction. The fossils extend through a thick-
RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS. 269
ness of from ten to twenty feet; more than twenty species of fossils are
represented. These forms are very marked. some of them in strong
contrast with anything above or below. The representatives of seven
great classes—Echinodermata, Brachiopoda, Gasteropoda, Cephalapoda,
Crustacea and Pisces—ask for a place—their own place—in the Helder-
berg. They enter a standing protest against any attempt to deprive
them of their rights. From the very first they abominated the influx of
this Hamilton mud into the clear waters of their quiet homes.
This paper claims:—
1. The discovery of beds on the Iowa side of the river that have not
before been described.
2. It determines their true relation to the disputed rock between Mo-
line and Rock Island.
3. The two taken together form a series comprised between well-
defined limits—the Hamilton above, the so-called ‘‘flint rock”? below.
4. They contain a series of fossils, entirely differing from any in the
Hamilton Group.
5. Their general affinities seem to be with the fossils of the Cornife-
rous, or Upper Helderberg.
6. Of this rock, we conclude they form the upper and fossiliferous
member.
7. If common opinion as to the thickness of the group is correct, it
must attain to nearly one hundred feet, of which the upper twenty feet
contain the fossils enumerated in this paper.*
SEPTEMBER 131TH, 1878.—HstortcaL SxEcrron.
J. A. Crandall in the Chair.
Twelve members present.
A number of donations to the Library were reported. The
evening was spent in an informal talk on historical matters.
Ata meeting of the Trustees, held September 13th, 1878, the following
resolutions, presented by W. H. Pratt, were unanimously adopted :
Resolved, That Dr. C. C. Parry be invited to deposit his botanical col-
Jections and conduct his investigations in the building of the Academy,
and that the ‘‘ Botanical Room,” or such other room as may for the time
being be more convenient, be placed at the disposal] of Dr. Parry for the
above purpose.
Resolved, That Dr. Parry be invited to take charge of the Botanical
Collections of the Academy.
*See Geological Report of the State of Illinois, Vol. V, p. 222.
[Proc. D. A.N.S. Vol. IL] 36 [Ocr. 1878.
270 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
SepTeMBER 14ru, 1878.—Bro.oercat Sxcrion.
Three members present.
Mr. J. D. Putnam stated that among the collections recently
brought from Mexico by Dr. C. C. Parry, were two fine speci-
mens of Thelyphonus giganteus, Lucas, from Saltillo, called
‘* Vinagrillo”’ by the natives, from the fact that when disturbed
it emits an odor resembling that of vinegar. It is reputed to
be venomous, and to sting by the tail! There are also several
specimens of both sexes of a species of Gluvia, found com-
monly under stones in the vicinity of San Louis Potosf. The
female of this species does not appear to differ essentially from
the Gluvia precox of Koch, while the male appears to be Glu-
via cinerascens Koch, the two sexes showing a remarkable
difference in the structure of the mandibles, as has already
been noticed in the Galeodes pallipes Say, and G. subulata
Say.
The following papers were presented:
Descriptions of some Species and Varieties of North American Hetero-
ceres, mostly new.
BY HERMAN STRECKER.
HYPOPREPIA CADAVEROSA, N. Sp.
(Plate IX, fig. 4 )
Size and shape ot H. Miniata, Kby; head and body pale ochre yellow;
antenne black; tarsi black. Upper surface: Primaries same pale ochra-
ceous as the body, and with three broad pale slate colored bands arranged in
the same way as in Miniata, K., and Fucosa, H., but these bands are broader
than in these species, leaving less of the pale ground color visible; fringe
pale slate color. Secondaries, same color but somewhat paler than the prima-
maries; costal margin pale slate color; exterior margin with a rather broad
border of same color. Under surface as above, but paler.
A number of this species were taken by H. K. Morrison in Colorado in
the summer of 1877. The example from which the above descriptien
was drawn I received from Mr.W. Geffcken, of Stuttgart, Germany, who
bought it along with other species from Morrison.
ARCTIA GENEURA, N. Sp.
(Plate IX, fig. 5 4).
4 expands 134 inches. Head flesh colored between the eyes, paler and yel-
lowish above, and with a black spot; palpi blackish; thorax pale flesh color
as in Virgo and allies; the prothorax with two black stripes; the thorax with
three, one in the middle and the others on the tegule; abdomen scarlet, same
shade as in Phyllira, Dru., with a dorsal row of black spots, and another row
of smaller spots on the sides; beneath pale flesh color, with two rows of small
NORTH-AMARICAN HETEROCERES—-STRECKER. 271
black spots. Upper surface: Primaries; pale yellowish flesh colored, with black
spots or marks, to-wit: three basal, the one of which nearest the inner margin
is longitudinal, the one nearest tne base at costa also longitudinal, its feliow ex-
terior to it oval; these three basal spots are succeeded by two others, the
costal lunate, and the one at interior margin rhombus shaped; following these
is one very large irregular, somewhat “triangular shaped mark, extending
from costa two-thirds across the wing; opposite to it at inner margin is a very
small oblong mark; between these and the outer margin are three triangular
spots, that at costa being the largest, the other two, one of which is at inner
angle, are nearly of one size; at apex is a lunate spot, at middle of exterior
margin a large, triangular spot, and towards inner angle a very small spot.
Fringe same color as ground of wing. Secondaries same scariet as upper side
of abdomen; a sub-marginal row of three large black spots, the innermost of
which touches the outer margin near the anal angle; the outermost merges into
the rather narrow black costal border not far from the apex; apex with a narrow
black mark; in the middle of the exterior margin is a small triangular spot;
two other spots connect with the costal border; a small round Spot at the
outer extremity of discal cell, and another half way between it and the
abdominal margin. Fringe same pale yellowish as the ground color of prima-
ries. Under surface : All wings pale yellowish; primaries darker along the
costa; secondaries tinged with pink towards the abdominal m:rgin; all the
spots ‘of the upper surface exactly repeated, but not as deeply black as above.
Described from one 4, for which I am indebted to the kindness of Mr.
G. H. French, of Carbondale, Ills., who stated that he received it from
Gilpin County, Colorado, at an elevation of about 8,500 feet. In general
appearance this fine insect reminds one of A. Phyllira, Dru., its nearest
ally, but it is larger, and the black marks of primaries are much more
numerous than in that species. A. Virgo, L., Intermedia, Stretch, Par-
thenice, Kby,‘ and Achaia, Grote, are separated from it by having the
venation through the black marks of primaries conspicuously designated
by being of the same pale color as ground of wing. From A. Behvii,
Stretch, it is easily*distinguished by the black thorax of the former.
ARCTIA QUADRANOTATA, N. Sp. .
(Plate IX, fig. 6 2.)
2? expands 15g inches. Head, antenne, thorax and legs entirely black; ab-
domen above vermillion red, with a dorsal row of large, black, confluent
spots; beneath black. Primaries elongate and narrower comparatively than
in any other North American species known; upper surface deep uniform
black, with two conspicuous, but not large, yellowish white, egg-shaped spots,
with the narrow end directed towards the inner margin; the lar ger of these
spots is within the discoidal cell, towards, but, not at its outer exiremity; the
other, which is less than half the size, is half way between the last described
spot and the exterior margin; fringe black. Secondaries vermillion ; a rather
narrow black costal border; a broad black border to eaterior margin, which
extends inwards in a blunt ‘point at the middle of its inner edge; fringe black.
Under surface same as above, but less intense in color, and with a third small
whitish spot in primaries, situated at the base.
This species, so totally unlike any previously described, I received
from Texas in several examples; there are also examples in the Museum
of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, likewise from Texas.
~j
bo
DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
NEMEOPHILA PLANTAGINIS, L., variations.
Ab. HOSPITA Schif.
(Plate IX, fig. 2 4.)
Ab. GEOMETRICA, Grote.
(Plate IX, fig. 3 4.)
Of all species comprised in the genera of the Avrctiide, none present,
perhaps, variations to the extent exhibited by the present, either in the
old or new world. In the ordinary form the primaries are black; with
very pale yellowish marks, the secondaries yellow, of a deeper tint, with
black marginal, sub-marginal, and basal marks. It was redescribed by
G. and R. in 1873 under the name of Cichorii* from a Californian exam-
ple. Their type I have examined—it and another Californian form nearly
like ab. Matronalis, which they also described as new, haming it Caes-
pitis,y are undoubtedly only Plantaginis. Of Cichorii, the authors
founded its distinctness mainly on the fact of its having totally black
fringes to the wings. In direct refutation of such an assumption is the
fact that five European examples now before me have all fringes en-
tirely black ; another has them partly black and partly yellow.
Another form has the ground of the wings white. This is the ab.
Hospita, Schif., figured on the accompanying Plate IX, from one of a
number of examples taken by Mr. Th. Mead in Colorado some years
since; these agree with the examples of the white abberration from
Europe in every respect ; I can find no difference. To this form is also
allied the Petrosat of Walker.
In juxtaposition to these albinous examples are a number of melanos,
also from Colorado, in which’ the primaries are black, with some white
bars or spots, and the secondaries entirely black. with or without a small
white spot not very far from the anal angle. This form was first de-
scribed by Grote as a Zygenid.Z and placed in a new genus ( Hupsychomu),
which he created for its reception.
But there can be no doubt that all these Colorado forms are but varia-
tions of the one very variable species Plantaginis. I have seen interme-
diate examples of all those above alluded to from both continents. The
most extreme of the black examples are American (from Colorado). I
have seen none from Europe with such totally black secondaries, though
some come very near. Of the ¢ form, with red hind wings, I have seen
no American examples, though I have little doubt but that they will in
time be found to occur here. The variation in color in different exam-
ples of the same species in the Arctiide is beyond all precedent, and in
some instances, as in those above alluded to, as well as others [amabout
to mention, has led to the describing of many of these varieties as dis-
tinct species. The three different forms, with their endless variations,
comprised in Stretch’s genus Leptarctia, i. e. L. Lena and Decia, Bdl.,and
*Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., I, p. 338, t. vi (1868).
+Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., I, p. 337, t vi (1868).
tCat. B, M., ITI, p. 626 (1855).
2Hupsychoma Geometrica, Grote. Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., IV, p. 318. t. IL (1865).
NORTH-AMERICAN HETEROCERES—STRECKER. 273
Dimidiata, Stretch, are doubtless but the yellow, red and black varieties
of one and the same species. Callimorpha Dominula, L., occurs with
yellow and black hind wings, as well as crimson. C. Hera, L., is found
with both red and yellow secondaries. Jon
Hume, Mr. Simpson, Mr. John Temple, and many others for specimens
and information, and assistance of various kinds. To Miss Emily A.
Smith of Peoria, Illinois, who has made a contemporaneous study of this
species, Lam specially indebted for the frequent communication of her
observations and discoveries, which for the most part have served to
eonfirm my own, in some cases to anticipate them, and only in few es-
sential particulars appear to differ from mine. Tothe subjects of habits,
parasites and remedies she has given more attention than I have done.
In making this study I have used a McAllister’s Physician’s Microscope
stand, with 14, ? and 1-5 objectives by Wm. Wales, and magnifying from
5 to 450 diameters. The stand is small, but I found it very convenient
for this kind of work. The objectives were of the cheapest, low angled
form, but worked very satisfactorily, except thatin some cases a greater
amplification would have been desirable.
In pursuing this study I have prepared a series of more than 200 mi-
eroscopic slides, illustrating every stage of the development of this insect,
and containing from one to more than 100specimens on each. These have
been prepared by the following methods; 1st, mounted directly in pure
glycerine; 2d, placed first in alvohol, then in glycerine and mounted in
glycerine; 3d, placed first in oil of cloves, or in turpentine, and mounted
in Canada balsam: 4th, placed first in solution of potash, then in water,
then in alcohol, then in turpentine, and mounted in Canada balsam ; 5th,
mounted directly in solution of salycilic acid; 6th, in solution of acetic
acid ; 7th, in solution of white of hen’s egg, and 8th, in pure water. Each
of these methods has its special advantages and neither is to be relied
upon implicitly. My studies have been made by a comparison of all
these and of great numbers of living individuals, the whole number ex-
amined carefully amounts to several thousand examples, with an infinite
number examined superficially. For all observations recorded in this
paper I am alone responsible, except where it is expressly stated other-
wise. ¥
A large number of drawings were made with and without the aid of
a camera lucida, of which only a selection is given on the plates. The
plates are my first attempts at etching on steel and naturally are quite
imperfect, as it is difficult without experience to produce just the desired
effect. but the outlines are, I think, very nearly correct. The figures
have all been carefully drawn to scale, and the amount of amplification
annexed in every case. I regret that I was not more uniform in the use
of reference letters on the plates, but the importance of this matter did
not fully impress me until after the etching had been completed.
PUTNAM ON PULVINARIA INNUMERABILIS. 343
EXPLANATION OF PLATES XII AND XIII.
PULVINARIA INNUMERABILIS. *
Fig. 1. Posterior portion of the generative organs of a female in Oc-
tober, about six weeks after fecundation ; a, spermatheca; b, its wall; c,
filamentary spermatozoa; d-e, narrow neck leading from the sperma-
theca to the vagina; e-m, vagina; f, cavity in vagina above outlets of
oviducts, containing some not very well defined substance ; t, thick cel-
lular wall of vagina; hh’, oviducts ; ¢-i’, supposed glandular enlargements
of oviducts [probably an erroneous observation]; k, outlet of the ovi-
ducts; j, supposed muscular contraction, [probable outlet of vaginal
glands]; m, vulva; o, six vulvular spines supposed to act as an oviposter ;
t, end of anal fissure, inturning of eighth segment; q, q’ suture between
seveuth and eighth segments ; n,n’, Suture between sixth and seventh seg-
ments; p,and r, wax-secreting spines on the seventh and eighth seg-
ments; s, ventral wax-secreting pores; s’, one of these more enlarged,
showing a number of fine pores set around a central tubercle. Magnified
50 diameters. See page 323.
Fig. 2. Minute spherical bodies having a vibratory motion, found in
the female. a, 300, b, 500 diameters. See page 526.
Fie. 8. Spherical bodies found in female, probably immature and de-
tached ovicapsules; a-i, different appearances of these bodies, 150 diam-
eters; k, 330 diameters. See page 327.
Fig. 4. Oval bodies, (Pseudo-navicelle ?) found in female, once sup-
posed to be spermatophores ; a, 150 diameters ; 6-e, different forms, mag-
nified about 500 diameters. See page 326.
Fig. 5. Groups or clusters of ovicapsules in various stages of forma-
tion as seen in the ovaries; a. a small immature group ; 0. a larger, more
advanced group; c, a tracheal tube sending branches to each ciuster.; d,
membrane or tube to which the ovicapsules are attached—rather exag-
gerated in this figure. 50 diameters. Pages 323, 327.
Figs. 6 to 17. Ovicapsules in various progressive stages of develop-
ment; oc, membrane of ovieapsule ; ep, layer of epithelial cells; ch, vi-
telline membrane in fig. 10, chorion in fig. 17; y, yolk or vitellus ; vc, vitel-
liginous cells; g, gathering of granules between the vitelliginous cells
connected with the vitellus by a filament; sp. sp’{fig. 17) ovai bodies,
{at the time of etching this plate supposed to be spermatophores]; bl,
(fig. 17) blastoderm or granular layer spread over the surface of the yolk
with a gathering of granules at each end. [The shading of the vitellig-
inous cells in figs. 10 and 15 is an experimental blunder of etching, so
also in fig. 3,k]. All magnified 100 diameters. See pages 52°-829.
Fie. 18. Egg after having been laid, coated with minute rings; 50
diameters. [The outline should be symmetrical]. a, two of the rings
magnified 350 diameters. See page 298.
Fries. 19 to 23. Embryo in the egg in three stages of developmeut ;
fig. 21 dorsal, 22, ventral, and 23, side views of the embryo just before
* Pulvinaria acericorticis Fitch, on Plate XII, is a synonym.
344 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
hatching ; a, conical projection on the head,— ‘‘ egg-opener’” ; e, eye spot ;
at, antenne; m and maz, [supposed at the time of etching the plate to
represent the mandibles and maxille, probably imaginary]; 6s, buccal
sete coiled up spirally; I, II, IIL. first, second, and third legs. 100 di-
ameters. See pages 298-300.
Fic. 24. Abnormally formed egg. 59 diameters. Page 300.
Fie. 25. Larva soon after birth, from above. I-IX, first to ninth ab-
dominal segments; an, conical bases of the anal setz ; ov, leaf-like organs
on the ninth segment, each composed of three spines cemented together.
[An attempt to show some of the internal organs and external surface at
the same time, has rendered this figure somewhat confused in appear-
ance.] 75 diameters. See page 200.
Fig. 25a. Leg of larva: co, portion of integument to which leg is at-
tached [which I took for the coxa at the time of etching]; tr, coxa; y,
trochanter ; f, femur; ti, tibia; ts, tarsus. 290 diameters. Page 303.
Fie. 256. Antenna of larva; 1-7, the different joints. 209 diameters.
Page 302.
Figs. 25c, 25d, 25e, showing the ninth abdominal segment in different
positions ; 25e, ventral, the rest dorsal. 75 diameters. Page 304.
Fie. 26. Larva after the first moult, from below; og, supracesopha-
geal ganglion; spr., spiracles; v, ventriculus (ansa minor); ov, vulvular
spines (on ninth segment) ; an, anal valves, seen through enlargement of
the end of the anal fissure. 50 diameters. Page 306.
Fig. 26a. Mouth parts and chitinous frame work supporting them.
See page 317 for full description, also page 302. ;
PuaTE XIII.
Fic. 27. Pupa of male under its scale seen from above; a, Waxen
scale covering the pupa; b, integument of the larva; c, integument of
the pupa formed within that of the larva. 25diameters. Page 307.
Fic. 28. The pupa a little more advanced, taken out of its scale, seen
from below. 25 diameters. Page 307.
Fic. 29. A pupa, a, from which a thin transparent pellicle, b, has
been slipped partly off ; from above. 25 diameters. Page 307.
Fie. 30. — EAST.
9 miles.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 4 8
s <—~—13 feet-—-
<—-——109] I ——>
’
3 ‘
a «
. .
‘
‘4
Nes pee eee ee
3 4
LeGenp.—0, Davenport Bridge; 1, Lower Chain: 2, Moline Chain; 3, Duck Creek Chain;
4, Winnebago Chain; a. surface of water; 6, river bottom; horizontal scale, 1-142,560; ver-
tical scale, 1-228. ,
From this it appears that the volume of the Mississippi is precipitated
down an inclined plane, whose fall in 14 miles from J.eClaire to Daven-
port is 25.74 feet, or at the -rate of 1.84 feet per mile.* Not only is there
an inclined plane, but the channel is an exceedingly tortuous one, turn-
ing in almost all directions, and the bottom again, so far from being
smooth enough to facilitate the descentof the falling water, is roughened
to the highest degree, by means of boulders and other detached masses
of rock, of erevices in the layer of rock forming the bottom, and of nu-
merous excavations and pot holes. Thus is formed the machine for the
mixing and churning process, and a very effectual one it is.
At the head of the rapids the water is cooled by radiation and the
contact of the cold air below the freezing point, but long before the three
hours necessary for the passage of the rapids, indeed, in all probability
soon after the descent is begun, the whole mass of the water has by the
mixing process been reduced to the same temperature throughout, and
being thus on the point of freezing, needs but the slack water afforded
by the eddy of a boulder, or a pot hole to freeze instantly into a spongy
mass, including in its embrace all the small stones, sand, mud or other
sediment in the pot hole or eddy ; the mass thus formed becoming, even
with its included freight, lighter than a corresponding bulk of the sur-
rounding water, it must rise to the surface, where the action of the
waves and of the wind smooth off the upper surface, which is soon ren-
dered solid by radiation and contact with the colder air.
That the soft ice forms under the lee, as it were of the stones, as well
as in the holes and hollows, the presence of the gravel and sand would
indicate; for each stone or other obstruction to the current has on its
lower side a small delta of sand, gravel and mud, and it is just here that
the ground-ice forms, bearing off this sediment in its embrace.
The Bibliography of this subject, at least of the books accessible to
me, is very meagre indeed, consisting of an article in the Smithsonian
Report of 1866, being a translation from the ‘‘ Annales de Chimie et de
* Hall’s Geological Survey of Lowa, Vol. 1, p. 7.
FARQUHARSON ON FORMATION OF GROUND ICE. 358
Physiques,” (Paris, !866), of an essay by Engelhardt, whose observations
were made on the lower Rhine. From this we learn that the first men-
tion made of ground-ice by any writer is by Dr. Plott, in 1705, in his
** Natural History of Oxfordshire.”
Arago, in the *‘ Annuaire du Bureau des Longitudes’”’ for 1833, first
gave the proper explanation of the formation of ground-ice; this expla-
nation Engelhardt adopts with an addition. ‘“ With Arago, then,” he
says, ‘I attribute the formation of ice at the bottom of water princi-
paliy to the obstacles which occur in the current; but, in mv view,
these obstacles are not solely resting points for the crystals, but they
serve, on the one hand, to augment the movement of rotation, the vor-
tiginous movement by which the water at a temperature 0° C. (30° F.) is
made to descend to the bottom of the river; and, on the other hand, they
create stationary points in the midst of the movement, when the crystal-
izing force can exert itself.”
Another article on the subject is a notice in the Journal of Applied
Science, of a paper by Professor Hind, of New Brunswick, giving some
account of the effects of anchor ice on the coast of Newfoundland.
He speaks of the anchor ice forming about the seal-nets, at the depth
of from 59 to 69 feet below the surface, and that if the sealers neglect to
lift the nets after spicule of ice begin to form on the casks at this depth,
they are liable to be lifted by the forming ice, and being carried away
by the tides are lost. This author on the authority of Despretz, explains
the phenomenon by the statement that sea-water, when near the freez-
ing point, behaves differently from fresh water; taking no account of
the mixing of the surface water with that below, by the action of the
tides, the roughness of the bottom, &c. It is very doubtful if sea water
in cooling obeys a different law from fresh water, for it has been lately
shown that all the metals and some rocks expand or become of less spe-
cific gravity at the moment of solidification or freezing. a property long
known as belonging to, and thought also to be peculiar to some of the
more easily fusible metals; indeed, it would seem highly probable that
all bodies obeyed the uniform law that all bodies are lighter in the solid
than in the fluid state, that all solids would float on the surface of their
liquids, just as ice floats in water. But, there is no necessity in calling
in the aid of any supposed peculiarity of salt water, when almost identi-
cally che same phenomena are to be seen in fresh water.
Anchor or ground-ice forms upon the chain cables of vessels anchor-
ing in the Detroit river to the depth of fifty feet and more. Some
years ago, the apparatus for straining the water at the mouth of the
conduit, which supplies the city of Detroit with water, which was in
very deep water, and projected somewhat above the bottom, became so
covered with ground-ice, as to completely stop the flow of the water,
and necessitate its removal. The divers engaged in this work could see
the whole mass of water filled with spiculae or erystals of ice, which
needed but the momentary check of the current by some obstacle to
form a spongy mass of ice. Here the cooling of this great mass of watex
354 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
is effected when it passes over the shoals above Detroit, where there isa
maximum depth of only fifteen feet, with great width.
Finally, in the Penny Magazine of August 6th, 1842, there is an article
on ground-ice or ground gru, the latter being the term used in Lincoln-
shire, where in the river Don it was observed by the author, Dr. Far-
quharson. He says, ‘‘ Gru is the name by which the people of Lincoln-
shire designate snow saturated with or swimming in water; and as the
ice formed at the bottom of rivers very nearly resembles that in appear-
ance, a better name than ground gru could hardJy be given.”’” Again, he
says, ‘‘ when it begins to form at the bottom, it aggregates in forms,
somewhat resembling the hearts of cauliflower.”’
The synonyms for this form of ice, as far as I make out, are the fol-
lowing, viz: Grundeis (German); Frazeau (Canadian French); Lolly
(seal-fishermen) (lolly, soft, as in lob-lolly—gruel or mush, and lollepop—
soft candy) ; ground-ice: anchor-ice; and ground-gru, (Lincolnshire.)
Whether the ground-ice continues to form on the rapids after the final
freezing of the surface for the winter takes place, is not yet definitely
known; but as an observer (Dr. Jackson, Journal of the Royal Geo-
graphical Society, Vol. 5), states that such is the case in regard to the
river Neva, in Russia, when covered with three feet of ice and as much
snow, it is probable that here it also continues to form. This would ac-
count for the growth of the ice opposite the city, after it forms, the ac-
cretion below being sufficient not only to counteract the effect of the
enormous loss by evaporation from the upper surface; but to so exceed
it as to produce a total thickness of three feet.
Exploration of Six Indian Burial Grounds in the Vicinity of the
Mouth of Rock River.
‘ BY REY. J. GASS.
On the 29th of November, in company with Mr. Toellner of Moline, I
visited five Indian burying places on Rock River, and one on the Mis-
sissippi. We found on the right bank between the mouth of the river
and the first railroad bridge, three of these groups of Indian graves.
Some of the graves were situated so close to the running stream that a
number of them were swept away by the torrents of high water.
The graves are all in rows similar to those of the Sioux at Camp
McClellan. In the one nearest the bridge they are arranged in the form
of a hollow square. We opened some of the graves. They were about
five feet deep, and in each of them only one body had been buried, and
no accompanying relics of any kind were discovered.
The fourth cemetery we explored is on the island near Milan. In dig-
ging a ditch for the use of a factory, built there some years since, a num-
ber of graves were disturbed, and many relics of glass and bronze were
found similar in form and material to those usually found in modern
Indian graves.
The fifth burying place we visited is situated about a mile above
» Milan, on the left of the river. Close by it is a sand-pit, and in digging
PRESIDENT’S ANNUAL ADDRESS. 355
the sand a few skeletons were exposed, and rings and buckles of bronze
were found, with a few arrow heads.
The graves in these five places vary from ten to eee in number,
but in the sixth are about 200. This latter cemetery is on Campbell’s
island in the Mississippi river, two miles above Moline. Here the graves
were in even rows, and many of them adorned with shells, resembling
somewhat the custom sometimes observed in modern grave-yards.
The shortness of the winter day prevented a more extended explora-
tion, but by a second research in this region in a more favorable season,
assisted by the information already gained, new discoveries will doubt-
less be made.
As a result of our labor I am encouraged to state :
ist. That I consider it an established fact that these graves were
made by the Sacs and Foxes, the last inhabitants of the surrounding
country, and
2d. That their custom in burying their dead was entirely different
from that of the mound-builders ; and
3d. That the mounds in our vicinity were built by an entirely differ-
ent nation or nations, and at a far earlier period.
The following address accidentally omitted from the Proceedings,
Vol. I, page 55, is now printed on account of its value in preserving the
history of the Academy.
President’s Annual Address, January 7th, 1874.
BY DR. C. C. PARRY.
Gentlemen of the Academy. A duty constitutionally devolving on your presiding officer,
of presenting at the annual meeting a statement of the generai condition of the Academy, has;
as far as my information goes, been a dead letter on our statute book. Perhaps the proper
time has come for resuscitating this defunct by-law; at least I propose at this close of my offi-
cial term, to leave to my successors no excuse for the non-fulfillment of this duty.
It is perhaps not altogether a matter of congratulation, that having accomplished little in
the way of research, or publication, we have spent little. The account of the Treasurer to be
presented in detail will show:
Amountireceived from! all SOUTCES..:sc.:--2t.ccs-ocessvav) sececees-cOscresssecsctecereeacceaeseencnaeeqpoUa 120
PROTO UME CNC Oana cn ean en encia ce serene cat aries mere aaen seeameree ans nemaceNesnaauetnenapaanaaa hence LOSES
PMA CO MOM Cet OL ey tll DN Conese ceewerscetenetsaa epesecencssenseassdeoadccarietna=nnteseacsred $134 07
By the commendable and persistent efforts of our present Treasurer, the annual dues from
regular members, and initiation fees, on which the Academy depends for meeting current ex-
penses have been collected as far as practicable up to the present time. The rule of striking
out from the list of membership all who, on due notice, fail to meet their obligations, will
hereafter be rigidly and impartially enforced. By vote of the Academy the privilege of secur-
ing life memberships, by the payment of $100 has been established, but as yet we have no
life members. The average attendance at the regular meetings during the present year has
been seven, showing a slight increase over that of the previous year. Up to the present time
out of an elected resident membership of ninety-two, sixty have been duly qualified by pay-
ment of initiation fees, and twenty-three are in full standing, being alone entitled to vote at
the annual election of officers.
The collections of the Academy as far as provided with suitable cases, and store-room, are
in good condition, and would no doubt be materially increased by donations or otherwise as
soon as the proper means are provided for their safe reception and display. The Library now
numbers 182 volumes and 129 unbound pamphlets. The single room at present occupied for
meetings, the display of collections, and the library, is inconvenient of access, uncomforta-
356 DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.
ble, and in every way unfit for the purposes desired. An apparently well-devised effort, by
co-operation with other kindred local associations, for securing a permanent and convenient
location for these essential purposes, failed entirely of any practical results, and has been
abandoned. The selection of suitable rooms for future use, is now in the hands of a com-
mittee who expect to present a final report, on which definite actioh can be taken.
The organization of the Academy, under its present constitution and by-laws, has been
found in its practical working to be unnecessarily cumbersome, inconvenient and unsatisfac-
tory. I refer particularly to the double organization of a board of independant trustees, and
the Academy proper, the relative duties of which are incongruous and not clearly defined, the
matter of revision being now in the hands of a Committee of Investigation, their report
derived from an ex “mination of the organization of a number of similar scientific bodies now
in successful opere on will, itis hoped, present the data for a more satisfactory reorganiza-
tion. My attentio as also been called by Mr. C. E. Putnam, one of the Trustees of the
Academy, to some yortant defects in the articles of incorporation, which in his opinion
destroy its legal value 1 take pleasure in adding that Mr. Putnam has kindly volunteered to
correct these important defects, and thus place the organization of the Academy on a proper
legal basis. It is unnecessary to recommend to the Academy the grateful acceptance of this
generous offer.
During the past season two of the officers of the Academy have been connected with the
Scientific Corps of a United States Government Survey in Western Wyoming, the results of
which are now in course of publication. One of our members has been engaged in geolog-
ical examinations and collections in Missouri, the results of which have been in part commu-
nicated to the Academy, at its regular meetings.
Under the direct auspices of the Academy, some interesting and valuable ethnological in-
vestigations have been made of Indian mounds in this vicinity. These several examinations,
and especially the last, which has added important material to our collections, have excited
considerable interest both at home and abroad, and have served to give credit and reputation
to the Academy, as evidenced in the receipt of various complimentary letters. It is to be
hoped that such investigations may be still more energetically continued during the present
year. ;
It has been proposed from several distinct sources to incorporate into the organization of
the Academy, an historical division, with the view of collecting and storing for future use,
any material especially bearing on Western or local history. It will be obyious to all that
such collections including old newspapers, manuscripts, books, relics, &c., would increase
in value year by year, and eventually form a very attractive feature, as well as afford the most
satisfactory material for the use of the future historian. I therefore cordially commend this
subject to your consideration.
To the above brief statements of the defects, the wants, and work of this association, it
might be proper, did time allow, to add some pertinent suggestions on the educational scope
of such institutions, as directly bearing on their future progress. That such institutions
have a legitimate educational sphere, unappreciated it my be, but none the less real, is
made only the more apparent by contrast with tbe much lauded and munificently supported
schools and colleges of our day, that are still groping in the misty fog of medieval literature
and abstract science; that they will eventually receive a fitting recognition is equally clear.
It will be sufficient here to refer to the successful progress of similar institutions in other
parts of tbe country, to draw the encouragement that persistent efforts, aided and directed
by experience, will be everywhere eventually successful, and an Academy of Science be re-
cognized as an essential part in the educational appliances of every intelligent community.
And although our Davenport Peabody has not yet made his appearance, to enrich with
living gifts, or endow with testamentary bequests such an institution as ours, yet, pending
his arrival, the harvest of natural truth must not be left entirely ungathered, though the fields
may be broad and fruitful and the laborers few.
And now, gentlemen, having qualified myseif by the performance of a long-neglected duty,
to speak with sincerity and plainness, I will close by an earnest recommendation that, 1n
accordance with the well-recognized republican rule of rotation in office, you will join me in
selecting as my successor, one who will bring to the discharge of its duties a more active
zeal and executive ability than I have been able to give, though yielding to no one in my
earnest desire for the welfare and usefulness of the Davenport Academy of Sciences.
END OF VOLUME II.
ie Al Ae
Page 5, line 3. After “ Bric-a-Brac” insert “Club”.
Page 8, line 15. For “Herbrarium” read “ Herbarium”.
Page 9, line 24. For “Hereptology” read ‘‘ Herpetology”.
Page 17, line 10. For “were” read “was”.
Page 20, line 31. For “McGown” read “‘ McKown”.
Page 29, line 39. For “ Milwaukee.” read “ Milwaukee,”’.
Page 37, line 5. For “including” read “not including”.
Page 41, line 37. For “‘it” read “is”.
Page 59, line 28. For “ Eucalytus” read “ Eucalyptus”.
Page 64, line 18. For “‘Canadiene” read “Canadien”.
Page 67, line 18. For ‘‘L. Hageboeck” read “ A. Hageboeck”.
Page 81, line 16. For ‘“‘ Vereinde” read “ Verein”. :
Page 93, fig. 9. TLe black spot near the south-west corner of Grave B ts to represent the cop-
per axe No. 21, mentioned on page 96. The references were inadvertently omitted
both here and in Fig. 8.
Page 106, line 30. For ‘“ Pheenecian” read “ Pheenician”.
Page 128, line 1. For “W. G. Gunning” read “W. D. Gunning”.
Page 128, line 3. For “ Socilito” read “ Sauzalito”.
Page 128, line 5. For “Hawkens” read “ Hawkins”.
Page 128, line 12. For “‘Ingorsoll” read “ Ingersoll”.
Page 128, line 39. For “Forman” read “Foreman”.
Page 128, line 46. For “Green” read “ Greene”.
Page 159, line 26. Suppress the comma after “‘/niones”.
Page 171, line 18. For “the remains” read “‘no remains”.
Page 188, line 34. For “older” read ‘‘alder”’.
Page 189, line 5. For “Heterorneles” read “Heteromeles”.
Page 197, line 21. The institution here referred to is, we are glad to learn, still alive and
flourishing.
Page 217, line 27. For “746.19 read ‘*745.19°°—two places.
Page 282, line 2. For “ Vilado” read “ Villada’’.
Page 282, line 4. For “Guanajuate” read “ Guanajuato”.
Page 236. Genus Monoceros should be Leucozonta. No Monocerus is found on the east
coast. No. 45, M. Cingulata, Lam., should be Leucozonia cingulifera, Lam., and
placed after No. 25.
Page 237. No 57 should be Anachis semiplicata.
Page 252. No. 296; after B. heteroclita read “ Montague” instead of ‘* Montf”.
Page 279. Headline; for “Perry” read ‘“‘ Parry”’.
Page 281, line 8 from bottom. For ‘‘herberia” read ‘‘ herbaria”.
Page 284, line 10 ef seg. The remarks on the figures refer to the original lithographic plates.
On the steel plates the drawings are more sharply defined, and Fig. 2 has been changed
to a direct, instead of an oblique, side view.
Page 286, line 24. The “ pinnatified structure” is brought out a little too strongly in the fig-
ure on the steel plate.
Page 288, line 23. Fig. 9 has been entirely redrawn for the steel plate from other and better
preserved specimens.
Page 341.. At end of first paragraph insert: “Dr. Packard writes me that this figure was in-
troduced by Mr. Sanborn in the edition printed after Harris’ death, that it certainly
is not C. adonidum, and that the reference to the peach is also incorrect.”
Page 341. Between first and second paragraphs insert: ‘I have received from Miss Smith
specimens of a Pulvinaria found on the gooseberry in Peoria, which is quite distinct
from P. innumerabilis. It may possibly be the P. ribesie of Signoret. In the
Canadian Entomologist, Vol. X1, 1879, page 160, Wm. H. Ashmead has described,
under the name of Lecanium phyllococcus, a bark louse found on the orange tree in
Florida, which lays its eggs under a cotton-like substance, and which may possibly
be a Pulvinaria.”
For additional errata see pages 288 and 347.
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EXCHANCES SOLICITES.
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
DAVENPORT ACADEMY
OF
NATURAL SCIENCES.
VOLUME IJ— PART I.
JANUARY, 1876— JUNE, 1877.
PUBLICATION COMMITTEE.
J. DUNCAN PUTNAM, Chairman.
DER OC. C PARR.
DR. C. H. PRESTON, CHAS. E. HARRISON.
DAVENPORT, IOWA:
JULY, 1877.
GAZETTE COMPANY, PRINTERS.
Price, $3.00 per Volume.
DR. R. J. F ARQUHARSON,
CON TEN TS:
RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS OF MEETINGS FROM JANUARY 3, 1876, TO
JUNE 29, 1877.
Standing Committees fOr 1876.........:..-00s0.cccesscossoesacosssonseosnscsorecooannessasastessansssenes=eenennae!
Resolutions on the death of A. U. Barler 12
Horned Toads in the collection of the Academy. J. D. PUTNAM........ccccccsecreeeeeeeete 22
On the Young of a species of Lycosa. J. D. PUTNAM..........-cssssssrseccessecencsessesccee 20
Exploration of a Mound near Utah Lake, Utah. JULIA J. WIRT..........:cccceeceseees 28, 82
Notice of the late I. A. Lapham, LL. D. Dr. C. C. PARRY.........ccsssesecerees Ppsccot core 29
Manufacture of Pottery by Mojave Indian Women. Dr. E. PALMER... 32
Remarks on Galeodes pallipes Say. J. D. PuTNAM. Illustrated...........ssccceesseeeeee 35
Shell Money, and other Primitive Currencies. W. H. Prarr. Illustrated............ 38
Annual Meeting, Jan. 3d, 1877. Reports of Officers, Ct ............:cceseeeeceeeerseneeennenes 47-79
Additions to the Museum during 1876...............sscccsccssseecescssesccseeseeees hs onaseeseaestecegeNee 50
Additions to the Library during 1876.......:.....2..ccscesssscessescccascasusasssuecsedtveseteaases=ntaatt 57
President’s Annual Address. RrEy. W. H. Barris 75
BlectionvOf Officers LOL 1877 uk <2 eneess .s0cceseoscconeconsresseocacdesvecndarensvectaenentadies aot t=a ent mmnn an
Staridinp CommitieestOLe Sl n-asasssuqtcsesacenccenestertgusaiasnas tnaatdieteeae sataeuseotesbecsdayoaeoerenee 80
Mound Explorations in Jackson County, Iowa. C. T. LinpLEy. TIllustrated......... 83
Remarks on Coral Formations. Pror. H. T. WOODMAN. .......<.. Only a smail number of copies remain to be sold.
The second volume of the PRocEEDINGS is now being published in
parts, and will contain many valuable papers on Archeology, Botany,
Conchology, Entomology, Geology, ete., for which illustrations will be
freely provided whenever needed. The volume isto contain not Jess than
300 pages, with illustrations, and it is hoped will be completed early
in 1878. Subscription for the volume, in advance, $3.00. .
Entomological Contributions from the Proceedings, Vol. I, 64 PRES
with two plates. Price, colored, $1.50; uncolored, $1.00.
Accountof the Discovery of INSCRIBED TABLETS by Rey. J. Gass, with
a description, by Dr. R. J. FARQUHARSON. [From the PROCEEDINGS,
Vol. II.] Llustrated with wood cuts and three aber plates. Price,
75 cents. Ga
PHOTOGRAPHS] 3 aa.
Of some of the more interesting objects contained in the collection of the Academy have been |
prepared by Messrs. Hastings, White & Fisher, and may be had, postage paid, at the following | on
prices : Beats ang
Cabinet Size: Cloth-wrapped Copper Axes, nine views;’Collection of f Copper “ay
ete. ; ; Price, 40 cents each $4.00 per dozen. Bey
Victoria Size: Carved Stone Pipes, 14 views; “Mound Builder’s” ‘Crania, 17 views of 8
skulls, &¢.; Price, 30 cents each ; $3.00 per dozen. ip i
Be ceo found by Mr. Gass, set of three, cabinet cas 8
a ee
fe
Address all communications to Pee os OE)
i; DUNCAN PUTNAM,
Corresponding, Seoretary. ”
eerie a a human head (2 views) Pri ice, 30 cents each; $3.00 per dozen,
f
PROCEEDINGS
—_ oO”
OF THE
DAVENPORT ACADEMY
OF
NATURAL SCIENCES.
VOLUME II—PART IL.
JULY, 1877- DECEMBER, 1878.
DAVENPORT, IOWA: ;
PUBLISHED BY J. D~ PUTNAM.
- ©
3 2 Marcu, 1880. e iS
Y GAZETTE COMPANY, PRINTERS.
2
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OF THE
DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES. |
PROCEEDINGS OF THE DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES. |
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