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AS mead A RNSUTSAOA~A om yes | - a <= bay icwm Tes al . ; 746 ie biy'* AB) Kis eo 0 alti< ny Mh —s. : bee tan Wee tent | a i eeett, ©. CMEDOL ite A ase patties of NP “ee ‘ o > : a j - A ‘ ; ; ‘ hrs $C. BML VeeMigw Penh Aa hyenas gio 4 0 Thalye i 5 ® ? a * * x: \ a aN 4 oe = rol ert, 2. Cc. - oy \ a’ Mt aren wre marred carte | ee \\! Se asnitaas dhe mits wip hae aN. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Volume 85 OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1983 President Manya B. Stoetzel President-elect Neal O. Morgan Recording Secretary Thomas E. Wallenmaier Corresponding Secretary Richard G. Robbins Treasurer Thomas J. Henry Editor David R. Smith Custodian John F. Carroll Program Committee Chairman Jeffrey R. Aldrich Membership Committee Chairman Geoffrey B. White Delegate to the Washington Academy of Sciences Manya B. Stoetzel Hospitality Chairman Helen Sollers-Riedel Published by the Society, Washington, D.C., 1983 TABLE OF CONTENTS, VOLUME 85 APPEL, A. G., A.M. VAN DKYE, and M. K. RUST—A technique for rearing and some notes on the biology of a desert sand cockroach, Arenivaga investigata (Dictyoptera: Poly- DHARIGAE)h Wes eee oe cece ene crc te a TO, RD See Le RUN St IE ONE Ea 598 BERNER, L.—The mayfly Siphlonurus phyllis McDunnough (Ephemeroptera: Siphlonuridae): RtsiGISCOVEry IN Minnesotans. eee eee Ne ee ten ee ha ee ee ee ct SPD ape one 655 BICHA, W.—A new species of scorpionfly (Mecoptera: Panorpidae) from North Carolina... 152 BLANCHARD, A. and E. C. KNUDSON—Two new species of Pyralidae (Lepidoptera) from TEXAS Ty rte Ne eee ee te eR eT SEEN CORES , CRANE AS eRe E DS AOE oo 59 BLANCHARD, A. and E. C. KNUDSON—A new species of Dioryctria Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidaé)from™Dexase s.r cee etree eee Rian Ee a et RATE YEE LEER REECE eet ee Se 116 BLANCHARD, A. and E. C. KNUDSON—A new species of Gloanna Nye (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from’ West: Texas: 22s. toe ook ete ee ee ete rE One ee ee 174 BLANCHARD, A. and E. C. KNUDSON—A new species of Psorosina Dyar (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) from Vexass i ee ee eer ee eer oe ane NOEs oe ES He 619 BLANCHARD, A. and E. C. KNUDSON—New North American species of Eucosmini (Lep- idoptera: Tortricidae). ne re ee re oie OO aE Oe PO ce, AE 845 BLANCHARD, A.—See FERGUSON, D. C. BOHART, R. M.—New species of Glenostictia (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae)................. 485 BOLEN, E. G.—See McDANIEL, B. (two articles). BRAILOVSKY, H.—See MALDONADO CAPRILES, J. BRAILOVSKY, H.—See SLATER, J. A. BUENO-SORIA, J.—Five new species of caddisflies (Trichoptera) from Mexico............ 450 BURKE, H. R. and J. R. CATE—Descriptions of the larva and pupa of Anthonomus hunteri and comparison with Anthonomus grandis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).................. 456 BURNS, J. M.—Superspecies Atrytonopsis ovinia (A. ovinia plus A. edwardsi) and the nonadap- tive nature of interspecific genitalic differences (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) ............... 335 BURNS, J. M.—Queen of the Carolinas (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Danainae: Danaus gilip- [LOR USO SO oo a eS aoe ha OSS or y+ HELE SOS eG OF OES eer is Scho mney ae ae 388 BUTLER, W. L.—See FLINT, O. S., JR. CANNON, K. F. and W. H ROBINSON— The North American biotype of the old house borer, Hylotrupes bajulus (L.) (Coleoptera: (CTPAITT SSCS) es clad UE OUR eaten ade tice 104 il PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON CATE, J. R.—See BURKE, H. R. CAVENDER, G. L. and R. D. GOEDEN—On distinguishing Trupanea bisetosa (Coquillett) from T. nigricornis (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae) ..................0...0 002s eee CHEMSAK, J. A.—A new Central American species of Derancistrus (Coleoptera: Ceram- 10165 (6 F:15) Weare Ny eet cent acc oektceaieheen orate on/p Re Oe os Oeics GA Onin d oo aMerpar nade > Ac CLARK, W. E.—New species and new Pecords of the lignyodine weevil genus Plocetes Leconte (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Chiapas, Mexico ............... 000 ee cee eee eee CURCIC, B. P. M. and R. N. DIMITRIJEVIC—Three more examples of abnormal segmen- tation of the abdomen in Neobisium carpaticum Beier, 1934 (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones: ENCE ISSIR PT 6a. Gos ttre St ica 6 a heen ake See ie eis Sire on uy twig ae DAVIDSON, D. A.—See SCARBROUGH, A. G. DAVIDSON, J. A., D. R. MILLER, and S. NAKAHARA—The White peach scale, Pseudau- lacaspis pentagona (Targioni-Tozzetti) (Homoptera: Diaspididae): Evidence that current con- Ceptsyinclude stwo ‘SPECiOS: : ... 3-5-5. acco oes fis Se eee a eS ee ee ee ee GAGNE, R. J.—Acericecis Gagné, a new genus for Cecidomyia ocellaris Osten Sacken (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), the maple leaf ocellate gall maker in North America ..................- GILES, F. E. and W. W. WIRTH—Two new species of biting midges and new collection records of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from Sri Lanka ..................... GLICK, J. I. andG. R. MULLEN—Two new species of Culicoides of the piliferus group (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the eastern United States................ 0.0 e eee cece eee eee GOEDEN, R. D.—See CAVENDER, G. L. GORDON, R. D.—Studies on the genus Aphodius in the United States and Canada (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). VII. Food and habitat; distribution; key to eastern species ................ GROGAN, W. L., JR. and W. W. WIRTH—A new Afrotropical genus of the biting midge tribe Ceratopogonini (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)...............-.- 00 eee eee ee eee eee HAMILTON, K. G. A.—See HOEBEKE, E. R. HENDRICKSON, R. M., JR. and M. A. KELLER— Observations on the biology of Liriomyza trifoheariom (Diptera: Agromyziddé).....2 5 5 5 o.54 OM et is Se HENRY, T. J.—The garden fleahopper genus Halticus (Hemiptera: Miridae): Resurrection of an old name and key to species of the Western Hemisphere ....................--+----. HENRY, T. J.—See WHEELER, A. G., JR. 362 352 286 205 472 435 704 36 377 633 199 806 VOLUME 85, NUMBER 4 ili HOEBEKE, E. R. and K. G. A. HAMILTON —Lepyronia coleoptrata (L.), a European spittlebug in eastern North America: New locality records and new key to the North American species of Lepyronia Amyot and Serville (Homoptera: Cercopidae) ............................ 263 HOEBEKE, E. R. and A. G. WHEELER, JR.—Eupteryx atropunctata: North American dis- tribution, seasonal history, host plants, and description of the fifth-instar nymph (Homoptera: Gicadellidae) Mn- = ae eee tee as ee Se ONO SLs atc eg eee, ite HOEBEKE, E. R.—See WHEELER, A. G., JR. HUDSON, A.—Comparative studies of the development of two species of spotted cutworm Xestia adela and Xestia dolosa (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and identification of larvae by ClECERODNOTESIS A, chy, Cte See ei ee nae eS ne RAY bd ao 8 612 HURYN, A. D. and B. A. FOOTE—An annotated list of the caddisflies (Trichoptera) of ‘OUCUVC) & Jers Oe ang ha BARE Joo PSs 3 Oba B ae oe 5 cckt oles ait CL Sem tn aan PREC AEE Oe Aiea sane Gee ea ea 783 IVIE, M. A.—See TRIPLEHORN, C. A. JOHNSON, N. F.—Description of Telenomus solitus, n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), a NOCTUI GKE LES DATASITOI sy tr, cporay csr has Sy AER pe soho ke say Se Pad ett Pause Seapets sn sias aie atone 226 JOHNSON, N. F.—Types of Neotropical Telenominae described by W. H. Ashmead and P. Cameron (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)............. 00... cece cece eee teen ee 439 JOHNSON, P.—See LAVIGNE, R. J. JOHNSTON, D. E.—See NORTON, R. A. KAUFMANN, T.—Observations on the host plant adaptation of Busseola fusca (Lepidoptera: IN OCH daAE) py INI SCL a e.nn wet fae eee PL ah ace eek ee eS eee oe. « seers 321 KELLER, M. A.—See HENDRICKSON, R. M.., JR. KELLEY, R. W.—New Neotropical species of Oxyethira (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) ...... 41 KINGSOLVER, J. M.—A review of the genus Scutobruchus Kingsolver (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), with descriptions of four new species and new synonymy .......................2..000: 513 KNOWLTON, G. F.—See SMITH, C. F. KNUDSON, E. C.—see BLANCHARD, A. (five articles). KNUDSON, E. C.—See FERGUSON, D. C. KONDRATIEFF, B. C. and J. R. VOSHELL, JR.—Subgeneric and species-group classification of the mayfly genus /sonychia in North America (Ephemeroptera: Oligoneuriidae)........ 128 KORMILEV, N. A.—Two new species of Neotropical Aradidae and notes on the genus Glyp- tocoris. Harris and. Drake, (Hemiptera) jes. pcp scene cpancvopn) oe sheicucs cere sthuee's eesuerminigue Steps acvcee anes 818 KRAMER, J. P.—See WHEELER, A. G., JR. KRAUSE, C. R. and B. A. FINGERHUT —Sexing Hylurgopinus rufipes (Eichhoff) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) with scanning electron microscopy .................00 cece eee cee eeeeeeeeees 748 LAMBDIN, P. L.—A revision of the genus Asterococcus Borchsenius (Homoptera: Cerococ- GE EE CRE, SEITE Ce Ce ee CEM ee ee ee a ee Pern ae ae 297 LAVIGNE, R. J., M. POGUE, and P. JOHNSON—Ethology of Laphystia rufofasciata Curran Ope ele SNA) ET WV OIA ot Scns o ensiche Kise A Meas shar abe cielo ek! ane erase 121 LISOWSKI, E. A.—See WEBB, D. W. LONG, S. H.—See PUTTLER, B. MAcKAY, W. P. and E. E. MACKAY —Echinocoleus setiger Horn (Coleoptera: Leiodidae), an inquiline in the nest of Pogonomyrmex spp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) ................ 698 MAIER, C. T.—Use of trap-boards for detecting adults of the black vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) ................ 0.0. c cece eee tee eee 374 MALDONADO CAPRILES, J. and H. BRAILOVSKY —Mexican Reduviidae II: The genus Heza Amyot and Serville, 1843 (Hemiptera: Harpactorinae) .....................--555- 222 MARI MUTT, J. A.—Collembola in amber from the Dominican Republic ................ 575 MARSHALL, S. A.—The genus Bromeloecia Spuler in North America (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae: [EIMYOSININAS) kyr eee) ae, ENA enc ihy gk sere Mayen ein Me (Sn oa ic esmicday agai + « hele 32 MARSHALL, S. A.—Ceroptera sivinskii, a new species of Sphaeroceridae (Diptera) in a genus new to North America, associated with scarab beetles in southwestern United Siaies...... 139 MATHIEU, J. M.—Two new Epicauta from Mexico (Coleoptera: Meloidae).............-. 156 MATHIS, W. N.—A revision of the genus Dagus Cresson (Diptera: Ephydridae) ........... 717 iv PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON McDANIEL, B. and E. G. BOLEN—A new species of Adamystis (Acari: Adamystidae) from the Southern’ High*Plaims*of Texas. so. es eee oe eae Pe eee McDANIEL, B. and E. G. BOLEN— Mites of the family Pachygnathidae (Acari: Endeostigmata) from Texas ra Py re re ee ae SE RO ee ae ee ee McKINNON, C. N.—See POLHEMUS, J. T. MILLER, D. R.—See DAVIDSON, J. A. MILLER, G. L.—See WHEELER, A. G., JR. MILLER, W. E.— New synonymies in Nearctic Dichrorampha (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) .. . MULLEN, G. R.—See GLICK, J. I. NAKAHARA, S.—See DAVIDSON, J. A. NEUNZIG, H. H.—A new species of Acrobasis from Mexico (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Phy- CLEIN AS) es 2s he Re PE Oe OE > RL Re ee ee ee NICKLE, D. A.—Gynandromorphism in saltatorial Orthoptera, with the description of an additional field-collected specimen”... 2: erect soe eee et ete ee ee ee oe te ee ee NORTON, R. A., B. M. OCONNOR, and D. E. JOHNSTON —Systematic relationships of the Pediculochelidae (Aca Acariformes)”. nc sts tt eee lain one ene ne ne ate eee OATMAN, E. R. and G. R. PLATNER—A new species of Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), with notes on other species collected in Guatemala ................ OATMAN, E. R.—See PINTO, J. D. OCONNOR, B. M.—See NORTON, R. A. ORTH, R. E.—Two new species of Pherbellia from North America (Diptera: Sciomyzidae). . ORTH, R. E. and T. W. FISHER—A new species of Dictya from Idaho (Diptera: Sciomy- ZAGAC) Pr oc a bia Oe OO Oe PE Ee ON TE RTE, RIT ES PAKALUK, J.—See WHEELER, Q. PINTO, J. D., E. R. OATMAN, and G. R. PLATNER—The identity of two closely related and frequently encountered species of New World Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Tricho- grammatidae) =>: 51 ese hoo a I re tee ee te an a Tee tet PLATNER, G. R.—see OATMAN, E. R. PLATNER, G. R.—See PINTO, J. D. POGUE, M.—See LAVIGNE, R. J. POLHEMUS, J. T. and C. N. MCKINNON —Notes of the Hebridae of the Western Hemisphere with descriptions of two néw species (Heteroptera: Hemiptera) ......................-.-. PRICE, R. D.—See EMERSON, K. C. PUTTLER, B. and S. H. LONG—Host specificity tests of an egg parasite, Edovum puttleri (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Co- leoptera: Chrysomelidae)!. 5:-. ecm ee cae ee eels ee ane oN CeIs enene ee RAY, C. H., JR. and M. L. WILLIAMS—Description of the immature stages and adult male of Neolecanium cornuparvum (Homoptera: Coccidae) .............-. 2.20 eee eee eee eee ROBINSON, W. H and R. N. WISSEMAN—A new species of Megaselia in Group VII (Diptera: Phoridae)? ob MOC eh aE SR otk 2 Aenean ate ates coe ee ROBINSON, W. H—See CANNON, K. F. ROCHETTE, R. A.—Hydroporus adelardi, a new dytiscid of the vilis group from California (Goleoptera Dy tiscidae)) he ee chee bees = ee a yeeros epee Voie. + apse ner Ree ek te RUST, M. K.—See APPEL, A. G. RUTKAUSKAS, R. P.—See SCARBROUGH, A. G. SABROSKY, C. W.—The type specimen of Eusisyropa boarmiae (Coquillett) and a new specific namestorihe species: (Diptera; achimidae) cc. cc.. ass oe sees ae oie) = cee ener: SCARBROUGH, A. G. and D. A. DAVIDSON—A redescription of Hemipenthes bigradata (Loew) (Diptera: Bombyliidae) from the Bahama Islands.......................+..----- SCARBROUGBH, A. G. and R. P. RUTKAUSKAS—A new species of Ommatius (Diptera: Asilidae) from) San Salvador,. The Bahamas. 2 ons ers = Hee on ie eps eS esa SCHARF, W. C. and K. C. EMERSON—The subgenus Desumenopon of Amyrsidea (Mal- lophaga: Menoponidae) a) oa ans WR oe Richlawte SELES. o eMlen ogee SHINOHARA, A.—Discovery of the families Xyelidae, Pamphiliidae, Blasticotomidae, and Orussidae from Taiwan, with descriptions of four new species (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) . SLATER, J. A. and H. BRAILOVSKY — The systematic status of the family Thaumastocoridae with the description of a new species of Discocoris from Venezuela (Hemiptera: Heterop- ROTA) Mensa eps, LEO ETS SBE ERE seen, Speed ters ae SG EL aehy ste. stom ew sence s SUS ae oe evr eerie ites ser Peace eal A ao MS od EM ee a a SMITH, C. F. and G. F. KNOWLTON -—A key to the species of aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) on wild Geranium spp. in the United States, with the description of a new species........ SMITH, D. R.—Two new species of Gilpinia (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) feeding on Pinus kesyamnelandersAGs . euwoext . askabied. bs. eraeie. crdgsrs mys. ares egedaibnn SG i. SMITH, D. R.—The first record of Nematus Panzer from South America: A new species from Argentina (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)............. 0.0... cece eee ee SMITH, D. R.—The Rohwer sawfly types (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) in the University of INEbDraSKar State @Vitise timc trey eer ccen core ct eiceh fist tere sas Stee bus aul dys le Stole Mhaceewenienetetey meee SPANGLER, P. J. and W. E. STEINER, JR.—New species of water beetles of the genera Elmoparnus and Pheneps from Suriname (Coleoptera: Dryopidae; Psephenidae).......... STEINER, W. E., JR.—See SPANGLER, P. J. STONEDAHL, G. M.—New records for Palearctic Phytocoris in western North America (He- Mipteray MITA) Ne Paeee WINe Ts ch aati oy Se Et eine ee aes. SU Dae SZADZIEWSKI, R. and W. W. WIRTH—Ceratopogonidae (Diptera) from Algeria. I. Para- bezziaverogantene sp(Stilobezziini)t34 604. 34 aes INS. ee LA. TRIPLEHORN, C. A. and M. A. IVIE.—A new species of Adelina Dejean from the British Virgin Islands (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Ulomini) .....................0..0..002000 TRUMBLE, J. T.—See ZEHNDER, G. W. VAN DYKE, A. M.—See APPEL, A. G. VOSHELL, J. R., JR.—See KONDRATIEFF, B. C. WEBB, D. W.—The genus Coenomyia (Diptera: Coenomyiidae) in the Nearctic Region and NOTES OM PENEMG! PlaceMeEeNnC APMIS Ho Sth A A ne Oh eee et Se WEBB, D. W.—A revision of the Nearctic species of Arthropeas (Diptera: Coenomyiidae) .. . WEBB, D. W.—A new genus and species of Nearctic coenomyiid (Diptera: Coenomyiidae) . . WEBB, D. W. and E. A. LISOWSKI—The immature stages of Dialysis fasciventris (Loew) (Diptera. Cocnomyiidae) eye hers eee SOUTER FE0 tk ee AG) as ed ee WERNER, F. G.—Neotropical Sapintus, with a general key to species (Coleoptera: Anthici- WHARTON, R. A.—Variation in Opius hirtus Fischer and discussion of Desmiostoma Foerster (iivimenoptera:-BracOnidae) ise nes scons acre oo apsrnsa ee cial orrereid ae Sh ee oe a 2 eine oho anol eee e)0s WHEELER, A. G., JR. and T. J. HENRY —Seasonal history and host plants of the plant bug Lygocoris atrinotatus, with description of the fifth-instar nymph (Hemiptera: Miridae) .... WHEELER, A. G., JR. and E.R. HOEBEKE— New records of a Palearctic flea beetle, Psylliodes affinis, in eastern North America (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)...................0000055 WHEELER, A. G., JR. and J. P. KRAMER—Clastoptera laenata, first eastern United States records and first U.S. host association (Homoptera: Cercopidae) ............--.--.000055 WHEELER, A. G., JR. and G. L. MILLER—Harmostes fraterculus (Hemiptera: Rhopalidae): Field history, laboratory rearing, and description of immature stages ........-...-...---: WHEELER, A. G., JR.—See HOEBEKE, E. R. WHEELER, Q. and J. PAKALUK— Descriptions of larval Stenichnus (Cyrtoscydmus): S. tur- batus and S. conjux, with notes on their natural history (Coleoptera: Scydmaenidac)...... 359 272 653 737 822 691 405 S2¢ 26 594 55 426 86 vi PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON WHITE, R. E.—Keys to Neotropical species of Calymmaderus Solier and species of Calytheca White, with taxonomic notes (Coleoptera: Anobiidae) .................00-00 eee e ce eeeee 229 WHITE, R. E.—A new species of Ernobius (Coleoptera: Anobiidae) injurious to spruce ..... 557 WHITE, W. R.—See ZEHNDER, G. W. WILLIAMS, M. L.—See RAY, C. H., JR. WIRTH, W. W.—A review of the American predaceous midges of the Bezzia nobilis group (Diptera:"Ceratopogonidac)hk.25. SFE A he NAR RE RR a8 ae A dae 670 WIRTH, W. W.—The North American species of the cockerelli and dorsasetula groups of the predaceous midge genus Bezzia, subgenus Homobezzia (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)....... 762 WIRTH, W. W.—See GILES, F. E. WIRTH, W. W .— See GROGAN, W. L., JR. WIRTH, W. W.—See SZADZIEWSKI, R. WISSEMAN, R. N.—See ROBINSON, W. H. WOLDA, H.—See FISK, F. W. ZACK, R. S.—Biology and immature stages of Setacera needhami Johannsen (Diptera: Ephydridae) etek oe tee ees ee SS ed ae) Se eee ees Ee 10 ZEHNDER, G. W., J.T. TRUMBLE, and W. R. WHITE. — Discrimination of Liriomyza species (Diptera: Agromyzidae) using electrophoresis and scanning electron microscopy .......... 564 NOTES ALONSO ZARAZAGA, M. A. and D. R. WHITEHEAD—Nomenclatural notes on Apionidae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) eae 5 a es, es Pe ee ee 626 ARNAUD, P. H., JR.—The collection of an adventive thrips— Cartomothrips sp. (Thysanop- tera: Phiaeothripidac)—in' California). $6: eee See me PR, Oe a ee eee 622 CALABRESE, D. M.—Limnoporus notabilis (Drake and Hottes) from central Arizona (He- mipterayHeteroptera: Gerridac) ws. +o. eee. We Aes. Re OE. ed eee 854 CAMPOS, E. G.—See EADS, R. B. DEITZ, L. L.—Name changes in the Membracidae (Homoptera) ....................-20-. 856 EADS, R. B. and E. G. CAMPOS—Annoyance by the predaceous bug, Reduvius personatus (L.) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), in north central Colorado ................. 0000s eee eeee 853 FROESCHNER, R. C.—Heteroptera records from the Grand Cayman Island .............. 861 GODDARD, J.—Variation in chaetotaxy in Cynomyopsis cadaverina (Robineau-Desvoidy) (Dipteras.Galliphoridaé) .cotscth) yeeros Hess ea ee ee 221 GOEDEN, R. D.—Initial host-plant records for five species of fruit flies from southern California (Dipteras Tephritidae) Reisises | Be seicielas Seesieeisor ak Poe COP is Ae td Negeaelc ee 399 GORDH, G.—New distributional and host records for Arachnopteromales dasys Gordh (Hy- menoptera: Pteromalidae), an egg-sac parasite of uloborid spiders (Aranedia)............. 181 KORMILEV, N. A.—On the homonymy of Hybocoris Kormilev, 1982 (Hemiptera: Aradi- (12) Re eT EE ES on Eines eee Case TO oO ao Nobo bahamas a Ane 690 LASALLE, J. and M. LEBECK— -The occurence of encyrtiform eggs in the Tanaostigmatidae (Hymenoptera: Chaleidoidea)) i. 24 342 ccheead hs Se ae, BR I OE, A 397 LEBECK, L. M.—See LASALLE, J. McCAFFERTY, W. P.—See WALTZ, R. D. MENKE, A. S.—Ampulex compressa (F.) in Venezuela (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae).......... 180 SAKIMURA, K.—Abdominal blotches of Frankliniella trehernei and differentiation of F. oc- cidentalis and F. bruneri (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) ................. 00 cece cece ee eeee 398 SHINOHARA, A. and D. R. SMITH—Pamphilius middlekauffi Shinohara and Smith, new species for ““Pamphilius ocreatus” of authors (Hymenoptera: Pamphiliidae) .............. 858 SMITH, D. R.—Xiphydria prolongata (Geoffroy) (Hymenoptera: Xiphydriidae) adventive in North America: 2 Nacadeiencin «Sse eeardnuc Ss Pe who Ral ee ae Or ot he ee eee 860 SMITH, D. R.—See SHINOHARA, A. STAINES, C. L., JR.—Range extension in Lytta (Coleoptera: Meloidae)................... 733 VOLUME 85, NUMBER 4 Vil THOMAS, D. B., JR.—On the homonymy of Euschistus luridus Dalias, 1851 (Hemiptera: RENtatOMuIGae) eae ee ee Ss Meek eee ca te! EN oe eR ae 182 WALTZ, R. D. and W. P. MCCAFFERTY —Austrotinodes Schmid (Trichoptera: Psychomyi- Seta HEE AY os SECC MM ICO MICKA ciel sie ox oe chee tnd aa Gaba Wels vise aes a web vne ee heakt 181 WHARTON, R. A.—The status of Aphelinus varipes (Foerster) and Aphelinus nigritus Howard (Hymenoptera 2A phelintdae) ce mpe ee aes ec en Ge cee ccse coors. token oes 624 WHITEHEAD, D. R.—See ALONZO ZARAZAGA, M. A. Book REVIEWS BATRA, S. W. T.—An Introduction to Biological Control .......................0.-.-... 587 STEYSKAL, G. C.—Sunflower Species of the United States.............................. 736 OBITUARIES Raymond Alexander St. George—BISSELL, T. L..... 0.2... ee eee 631 Marion yRusselll Smith —S MD iI oR Oe oe sys ccingee <5 doses « ayaya is whecenariaraticr suey igyensve Gueve eg wae bcenon any « 628 INDEX TO NEW TAXA, VOLUME 85 Acari beckyanneae McDaniel and Bolen, Adamystis, 178 caryapecaus McDaniel and Bolen, Petralycus, 814 celtisacinus McDaniel and Bolen, Petralycus, 811 texana McDaniel and Bolen, Bimichaelia di- mexsetosa, 816 Blattaria bilunata Fisk and Wolda, Ceratinoptera, 288 estribii Fisk and Wolda, Ceratinoptera, 293 gurneyi Fisk and Wolda, Ceratinoptera, 292 Coleoptera adelardi Rochette, Hydroporus, 734 alvarengai Werner, Sapintus, 410 ancylus Clark, Plocetes, 797 antennalis Spangler and Steiner, Pheneps, 834 balteatus Werner, Sapintus, 411 bicolor White, Ernobius, 557 canaliculatus Werner, Sapintus, 412 capitatus Werner, Sapintus, 412 collinsae Spangler and Steiner, E/moparnus, 826 creber Werner, Sapintus, 413 curtitropis Kingsolver, Scutobruchus, 521 curvipilosus Werner, Sapintus, 414 delicata Mathieu, Epicauta (Epicauta), 156 fellerae Chemsak, Derancistrus, 714 ferocis Kingsolver, Scutobruchus, 526 golbachi Werner, Sapintus, 416 hebetatus Clark, Plocetes, 799 incilatus Clark, Plocetes, 802 lobatus Werner, Sapintus, 418 malkini Werner, Sapintus, 419 mystax Triplehorn and Ivie, Adelina, 272 ovalis Werner, Sapintus, 419 sentis Werner, Sapintus, 420 similis Werner, Sapintus, 420 spinulosus Werner, Sapintus, 422 subulatus Werner, Sapintus, 423 terani Kingsolver, Scutobruchus, 517 teresa Mathieu, Epicauta (Epicauta), 156 velatus Clark, Plocetes, 803 vinalicola Kingsolver, Scutobruchus, 518 Diptera Acericecis Gagné, 707 aloea Orth, Pherbellia, 537 alsea Robinson, Megaselia (Megaselia), 282 Bothahelea Grogan and Wirth, 199 Celticecis Gagné, 436 chewaclae Glick and Mullen, Culicoides, 378 gigantostyla Grogan and Wirth, Bothahelea, 203 grogani Szadziewski and Wirth, Parabezzia, 359 hanebrinki Scarbrough and Rutkauskas, Om- matius, 144 illinoensis Webb, Napemyia, 823 inflexa Orth, Pherbellia, 540 kirbyi Glick and Mullen, Culicoides, 380 mathisi Giles and Wirth, Culicoides, 36 Napemyia Webb, 822 phelpsi Grogan and Wirth, Bothahelea, 200 roswelli Giles and Wirth, Culicoides, 38 saileri Wirth, Bezzia, 770 seltzeri Marshall, Bromeloecia, 33 Vili PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON sivinskii Marshall, Ceroptera, 139 tarsiglossa Marshall, Bromeloecia, 34 trichocerus Mathis, Dagus, 724 twinni Wirth, Bezzia, 774 wirthi Mathis, Dagus, 722 zacki Orth and Fisher, Dictya, 218 Ephemeroptera Prionoides Kondratieff (subg. of Isonychia), 129 Hemiptera auripilosa Kormilev, Mezira, 821 azteca Maldonado Capriles and Brailovsky, Heza, 222 fernandezi Slater and Brailovsky, Discocoris, 561 longivillus Polhemus and McKinnon, Hebrus, 112 spiculus Polhemus and McKinnon, Hebrus, 114 venezuelanus Kormilev, Aparilocoris, 818 Homoptera alicuja DeLong, Curtara, 602 amplus DeLong, Osbornellus, 331 canora DeLong, Curtara, 604 coloutensis Smith and Knowlton, Amphorophora, 687 crystleae Smith, Anthracosiphon, 64 declivara DeLong, Curtara, 605 insueta DeLong, Curtara, 601 longula DeLong, Curtara, 604 mansuetus DeLong, Chlorotettix, 333 nanticus DeLong, Chlorotettix, 333 ramakrishnai Lambdin, Asterococcus, 304 retusa DeLong, Curtara, 602 rostratus DeLong, Osbornellus, 332 scutella DeLong, Curtara, 602 Hymenoptera alar Schauff, Omyomymar, 548 arizonae Bohart, Glenostictia, 487 atopovirilia Oatman and Platner, Trichogramma, 710 brunneus Shinohara and Smith, Orussus, 317 californica Bohart, Glenostictia, 485 desantisi Smith, Nematus, 260 grisselli Schauff, Omyomymar, 548 leksawasdii Smith, Gilpinia, 212 mefidionalis Shinohara, Xyela, 310 mexicana Bohart, Glenostictia, 489 middlekauffi Shinohara and Smith, Pamphilius, 858 nigriloba Bohart, Glenostictia, 490 Omyomymar Schauff, 544 paitooni Smith, Gilpinia, 214 parva Bohart, Glenostictia, 486 smithi Shinohara, Blasticotoma, 313 solitus Johnson, Telenomus, 226 taiwana Shinohara, Runaria, 315 veracruzae Bohart, Glenostictia, 492 vechti Bohart, Glenostictia, 491 Lepidoptera arenella Blanchard and Knudson, Eoreuma, 61 Astalotesia Ferguson, 553 bucurvata Blanchard and Knudson, Astalotesia, 553 caesirufella Blanchard and Knudson, Dioryctria, 116 clarkei Blanchard and Knudson, Phaneta, 847 fergusonella Blanchard and Knudson, Psorosina, 619 hecate Blanchard and Knudson, Gloanna, 174 heppneri Blanchard and Knudson, Petrophila, 59 mendaciana Blanchard and Knudson, Suleima, 848 mexicana Neunzig, Acrobasis, 256 musetta Blanchard and Knudson, Phaneta, 845 nymphana Blanchard and Knudson, Gretchena, 851 sierrae Blanchard and Knudson, Eucosma, 850 ustulatana Blanchard and Knudson, Eucosma, 849 Mallophaga americanus Emerson and Price, Felicola, 4 braziliensis Emerson and Price, Felicola, 2 neofelis Emerson and Price, Felicola, 2 similis Emerson and Price, Felicola, 5 sudamericanus Emerson and Price, Felicoa, 5 Mecoptera ensigera Bicha, Panorpa, 152 Trichoptera alata Bueno-Soria, Chimarra (Chimarra), 451 andina Kelley, Oxyethira, 52 arctodactyla Kelley, Oxyethira, 42 bicornuta Kelley, Oxyethira, 45 brasiliensis Kelley, Oxyethira, 49 brunneipennis Flint and Butler, Hydropysche, 207 circaverna Kelley, Oxyethira, 50 colombiensis Kelley, Oxyethira, 44 costaricensis Kelley, Oxythira, 44 crena Bueno-Soria, Chimarra (Chimarra), 433 dactylonedys Kelley, Oxyethira, 42 discaelata Kelley, Oxyethira, 48 longispina Bueno-Soria, Zumatrichia, 454 maryae Kelley, Oxyethira, 53 merga Kelley, Oxyethira, 45 parazteca Kelley, Oxyethira, 53 paritentacula Kelley, Oxyethira, 45 phyllisae Bueno-Soria, Protoptilia, 450 quinquaginta Kelley, Oxyethira, 54 scaeodactyla Kelley, Oxyethira, 42 spissa Kelley, Oxyethira, 48 tuxtlensis Bueno-Soria, Helicopsyche, 455 vipera Kelley, Oxyethira, 50 VOL. 85 JANUARY 1983 NO. 1 (ISSN 0013-8797) =~ PROCEEDINGS of the ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY ua WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20560 PUBLISHED QUARTERLY CONTENTS eee i (Amani s ~~ /ORARILS BICHA, W.—A new species of scorpionfly (Mecoptera: Panorpidae) from North Carolina reretoe. USS 152 BLANCHARD, A. and E. C. KNUDSON—Two new species of Pyralidae (Lepidoptera) from Sion ce Pet Ge PRA Res HA Rasa A del outa tian Lr \icyty dcty abtilens pMateye ached bf faCl bt a eiteat aA ameeta id eek neg 59 BLANCHARD, A. and E. C. KNUDSON-—A new species of Dioryctria Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyral- TGUSTED OE LOTR AS ENE Ph Pavan ears Kare aye a iota cfs heels Inv ei Sedsee b wanehs, Gob aA tte epee er ap Re es 116 BLANCHARD, A. and E. C. KNUDSON -—A new species of Gloanna Nye (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) UOT MMMM EMER A SIR ACs hr fil uke: FN UCS EEA Mak Meme te Nat te SEMI a ic: alex's a aity a Mate Lat co euet eka 174 CANNON, K. F. and W. H ROBINSON—The North American biotype of the old house borer Eivlomupes bajulus (L..)\(Goleoptera: Ceramibycidae))< i). ccigs. 6.00156 asteyen vs oc olelbe adc sh tenes 104 EMERSON, K. C. and R. D. PRICE—A review of the Felicola felis complex (Mallophaga: Tricho- gectidae) found on New, World cats (Carnivora: Felidae): 2.5.08. e ds. c ese due an 1 GILES, F. E. and W. W. WIRTH—Two new species of biting midges and new collection records of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from Sri Lanka......................5- 36 KELLEY, R. W.—New Neotropical species of Oxyethira (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae)........... 41 KONDRATIEFF, B. C. and J. R. VOSHELL, JR.—Subgeneric and species-group classification of the mayfly genus Jsonychia in North America (Ephemeroptera: Oligoneuriidae)............. 128 LAVIGNE, R. J.. M. POGUE, and P. JOHNSON—Ethology of Laphystia rufofasciata Curran Pas Leigtea este an) WWMONTIN Gare, whey kee tk ke ole d Waaea i) ar efelags a Raby nie Wa oe ed adele Saba platy linea e 121 MARSHALL, S. A.—The genus Bromeloecia Spuler in North America (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae: OPRENIMURI GE) Te Ce eee RE te SEL ee Oat) CLR aL To) cei iaia v we Coa eee eehets tate iel? + bile 32 MARSHALL, S. A.—Ceroptera sivinskii, a new species of Sphaeroceridae (Diptera) in a genus new to North America, associated with scarab beetles in southwestern United States ............ 139 McDANIEL, B. and E. G. BOLEN—A new species of Adamystis (Acari: Adamystidae) from the SOUL ERs AOU EI ATHRIOU ME RAS Mate MaMa Rect SCA crock 24 oo.5) bilinley «ie, bs seth aaa ls) o nlehta wae ete 177 MATHIEU, J. M.—Two new Epicauta from Mexico (Coleoptera: Meloidae) .................--. 156 (Continued on back cover) THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ORGANIZED MARCH 12, 1884 OFFICERS FOR 1983 MAnyaA B. STOETZEL, President HELEN SOLLERS-RIEDEL, Hospitality Chairman NEAL O. MorGan, President-Elect JEFFREY R. ALDRICH, Program Chairman THOMAS E. WALLENMAIER, Recording Secretary ELIZABETH A. THOMAS, Membership Chairman RICHARD G. Rossins, Corresponding Secretary JOHN F. CARROLL, Custodian THOMAS J. HENRY, Treasurer ManyaA B. STOETZEL, Delegate, Wash. Acad. Sci. DAVID R. SmitH, Editor Publications Committee E. Eric GRISSELL GEORGE C. STEYSKAL JOHN M. KINGSOLVER WAYNE N. MATHIS THOMAS E. WALLENMAIER Honorary President C. F. W. MUESEBECK Honorary Members FREDERICK W. Poos ASHLEY B. GURNEY THEODORE L. BISSELL All correspondence concerning Society business should be mailed to the appropriate officer at the following address: Entomological Society of Washington, c/o Department of Entomology, NHB 168, Smithsonian Insti- tution, Washington, D.C. 20560. MEETINGS. — Regular meetings of the Society are held in the Natural History Building, Smithsonian Institution, on the first Thursday of each month from October to June, inclusive, at 8 P.M. Minutes of meetings are published regularly in the Proceedings. MEMBERSHIP.— Members shall be persons who have demonstrated interest in the science of entomology. Annual dues for members are $15.00 (U.S. currency) of which $13.00 is for a subscription to the Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington for one year. PROCEEDINGS.— Published quarterly beginning with January by the Society at Washington, D.C. Members in good standing receive the Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. Nonmember subscriptions are $25.00 per year, domestic, and $27.00 per year, foreign (U.S. currency), payable in advance. All remittances should be made payable to The Entomological Society of Washington. The Society does not exchange its publications for those of other societies. Please see p. 183 for information regarding preparation of manuscripts. STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP Title of Publication: Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. Frequency of Issue: Quarterly (January, April, July, October). Location of Office of Publication, Business Office of Publisher and Owner: The Entomological Society of Wash- ington, c/o Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, 10th and Constitution NW, Wash- ington, D.C. 20560. Editor: Dr. David R. Smith, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, c/o U.S. National Museum NHB 168, Wash- ington, D.C. 20560. Managing Editor and Known Bondholders or other Security Holders: none. This issue was mailed 31 January 1983 Second Class Postage Paid at Washington, D.C. and additional mailing office. PRINTED BY ALLEN PRESS, INC., LAWRENCE, KANSAS 66044, USA PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 85(1), 1983, pp. 1-9 A REVIEW OF THE FELICOLA FELIS COMPLEX (MALLOPHAGA: TRICHODECTIDAE) FOUND ON NEW WORLD CATS (CARNIVORA: FELIDAE) K. C. EMERSON AND ROGER D. PRICE (KCE) 560 Boulder Drive, Sanibel, Florida 33957; (RDP) Department of Ento- mology, Fisheries, and Wildlife, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108. Abstract.—Felicola felis (Werneck), found on Felis pardalis, and F. spenceri Hopkins, found on Felis canadensis, are redescribed and illustrated. Five new species of Felicola are described and illustrated: F. americanus on Felis rufa, F. braziliensis on Felis colocola, F. neofelis on Felis geoffroyi, F. sudamericanus on Felis tigrina, and F. similis on Felis yagouaroundi. A key is provided for iden- tification of the seven species. During the review by Emerson and Price (1981) of the species of Mallophaga found on mammals, we found that Felicola felis (Werneck, 1934) as defined by Werneck (1948) was actually a complex of five species found on New World cats. In addition, this complex includes F. spenceri Hopkins, 1960, as well as specimens of another new species we obtained from the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago. It is our intent to describe and illustrate the two previously known species and the five new species found on wild cats of the New World and to provide a key for identification of these seven species. Felicola subrostratus (Burmeister, 1838), found on the domestic cat, an introduced species from Old World hosts, is not closely related to the Felicola felis complex. All measurements are in millimeters. Scientific and common names of mam- mals are from Cabrera (1961), Emerson and Price (1981), Hall (1981), and Morris (1965). Paratypes of new species described will be distributed, as quantities permit, to the collections of the authors, the National Museum of Natural History, Wash- ington, D.C., and the British Museum (Natural History), London. Felicola felis (Werneck) Figs. 1-3 Trichodectes felis Werneck, 1934: 282. Type-host: ‘“‘Felis chibigouazou” = Felis pardalis Linnaeus, the Ocelot. Felicola felis (Werneck, 1934), Werneck, 1948: 223 (part). Male.— External morphology and chaetotaxy as in Fig. 1. Head width, 0.39; head length, 0.35; pterothorax width, 0.36; abdominal width, 0.57; and total length, 1.11. Genitalia as in Fig. 2, width, 0.17; distal tips of endomera fused, not separated as illustrated by Werneck (1934); sac with numerous small spines. Female.— External morphology and chaetotaxy as in Fig. 3. Head width, 0.42; 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON head length, 0.35; pterothorax width, 0.40; abdominal width, 0.59; and total length, 1.18. Shape and chaetotaxy of gonapophyses (Fig. 3) are unique. Discussion. — The type-material consists of the holotype male, allotype female, and five female, three male paratypes, all from the type-host collected at ‘“‘Rio Cuyaba, Mato-Grosso, Brasil.”” Werneck (1948) also recorded this species for specimens collected off Felis concolor Linnaeus, F. geoffroyi D’Orbigny and Ger- vais, “Felis pajeros Araza” = F. colocola Molina, “‘Felis jaguarundi Fisher” = F. yaguaroundi Geoffroy, and ‘‘Lynx rufus (Schreber)” = F. rufa Schreber. We have studied paratypes of Felicola felis and specimens from other hosts listed by Wer- neck in his 1948 paper. The male from F. concolor (Werneck slide no. 1861) is damaged so that an assessment of its specific identity cannot be made without more specimens from the Cougar. Specimens from the other hosts will be discussed in detail elsewhere in this review. Material examined.—1 6 and | 2 paratypes (Werneck slides no. 1069 and 1075) and 1 ? from Felis pardalis collected June 19, 1948, San Pedro Yepocapa, Chimalt, Guatemala. Felicola braziliensis Emerson and Price, NEw SPECIES Fig. 6 Felicola felis (Werneck, 1934), Werneck, 1948: 223 (part). Type-host: ‘‘Felis pajerus” = Felis colocola Molina, the Pampas Cat. Male. — External morphology and chaetotaxy essentially as for F. sudamericanus (Fig. 8) but with 2 less setae on posterior margin of abdominal tergites and sternites II-IV. Shape of abdominal tergal and sternal plates as for F. felis (Fig. 1). Head width, 0.40; head length, 0.39; pterothorax width, 0.37; abdominal width, 0.56; and total length, 1.23. Genitalia, less sac, as in Fig. 6; width, 0.17; sac as for F. spencerl (Fig. 5) but without slender median sclerite. Female.— External morphology and chaetotaxy essentially as for F. sudamer- icanus (Fig. 9) but with 2 less setae on posterior margin of abdominal tergites and sternites II-IV. Shape of abdominal tergal and sternal plates as for F. sudamer- icanus (Fig. 9). Head width, 0.41; head length, 0.39; pterothorax width, 0.40; abdominal width, 0.53; and total length, 1.27. Posterior margin of gonapophyses convex, each with 7 medium setae and with 4 smaller setae on ventral surface. Discussion.— The general structure of F. braziliensis, including that of the male genitalia, is very close to that of F. felis. However, the shape of the endomeral plate of the male genitalia and the shape of the female gonapophyses separate the two species. Material examined.— Holotype 6 (Werneck slide no. 1729) and allotype 2 (Wer- neck slide no. 1728) in collection of the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with Werneck’s original labels of ‘Felis pajerus, Matto-Grosso, Brasil” being retained on each slide; 1 paratype (Werneck slide no. 1730), same data as holotype. Felicola neofelis Emerson and Price, NEW SPECIES Fig. 7 Felicola felis (Werneck, 1934), Werneck, 1948: 223 (part). Type-host: Felis geof- froyi D’Orbigny and Gervais, the Geoffroy’s Cat. Male.— External morphology and chaetotaxy as for F. felis (Fig. 1) except tergal and sternal abdominal plates shaped as for F. sudamericanus (Fig. 8). Head width, VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 3 Figs. 1-7. 1-3, Felicola felis. 1, Male. 2, Male genitalia. 3, Female. Figs. 4-7. Male genitalia (sac shown only on Fig. 5). 4, F. americanus. 5, F. spenceri. 6, F. braziliensis. 7, F. neofelis. 0.35; head length, 0.34; pterothorax width, 0.34; abdominal width, 0.53; and total length, 1.04. Genitalia, less sac, as in Fig. 7; width, 0.15; sac small and armed as for F. spenceri (Fig. 5) but with short median sclerite as for F. americanus (Fig. 4). Female.—External morphology and chaetotaxy, including tergal abdominal plates, as for F. sudamericanus (Fig. 9); sternal abdominal plates smaller, but same shape, as for F. felis (Fig. 3). Shape of gonapophyses as for F. sudamericanus (Fig. 12) with 9 setae on posterior margin and 3 smaller setae on dorsal surface. Head width, 0.38; head length, 0.36; pterothorax width, 0.36; abdominal width, 0.55; and total length, 1.14. Discussion. — The shape of the male genitalic endomeral plate and female gon- apophyses allies F. neofelis with F. braziliensis and separates it from F. felis. 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Felicola neofelis may be recognized from those two species by its smaller dimen- sions in both sexes and by the different shape of the opening in the male endomeral plate and of the female abdominal tergal plates. Material examined.— Holotype ¢ (Werneck slide no. 444) and allotype 2 (Wer- neck slide no. 443) in collection of the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with Werneck’s original labels “‘Felis geoffroyi, Russas-Ceara, Brasil.” Felicola spenceri Hopkins Fig. 5 Felicola (Felicola) spenceri Hopkins, 1960: 80. Type-host: Lynx canadensis Kerr = Felis canadensis (Kerr), the Lynx. Male.— External morphology, including shape of abdominal tergal and sternal plates, as for F. felis (Fig. 1). Chaetotaxy of abdominal tergites and sternites [V— VII each with 18 short setae. Head width, 0.46; head length, 0.45; pterothorax width, 0.42; abdominal width, 0.70; and total length, 1.51. Genitalia as in Fig. 5; width, 0.18. Female. — External morphology, including shape of abdominal tergal and sternal plates, as for F. felis (Fig. 3). Chaetotaxy of abdominal tergites and sternites IV— VII each with 10 short setae. Head width, 0.49; head length, 0.46; pterothorax width, 0.48; abdominal width, 0.78; and total length, 1.64. Gonapophyses as for F. sudamericanus (Fig. 12). Discussion.— The male of F. spenceri is readily distinguished from that of the preceding three species by the separated distal tips of the genitalic endomeral plate; the female is recognized by the combination of its large dimensions and shape of the gonapophyses. Material examined.—6 paratypes from Felis canadensis collected in British Columbia, Canada. Felicola americanus Emerson and Price, NEw SPECIES Fig. 4 Felicola felis (Werneck, 1934), Werneck, 1948: 223 (part). Type-host: Felis rufa (Schreber), the Bobcat. Male. — External morphology near that of F. sudamericanus (Fig. 8). Abdominal tergal plates III-VIII shaped as in Fig. 8, but each with 22 posteromarginal setae. Abdominal sternal plates III-VII shaped as for F. sudamericanus (Fig. 8), each with 20 posteromarginal setae. Head width, 0.39; head length, 0.37; pterothorax width, 0.34; abdominal width, 0.59; and total length, 1.28. Genitalia, less sac, as in Fig. 4; width, 0.15; sac as for F. felis (Fig. 2). Female.— External morphology as for F. felis (Fig. 3) except abdominal tergal and sternal plates III—-VII wider and not as long. Abdominal tergal plates [V—VIII each with 20 posteromarginal setae. Abdominal sternal plates IV—VII each with 14 posteromarginal setae. Gonapophyses with convex posterior margin, as for F. sudamericanus (Fig. 12), each with 9 marginal setae. Head width, 0.43; head length, 0.39; pterothorax width, 0.42; abdominal width, 0.69; and total length, 1.43. Discussion.— The genitalic features of F. americanus ally this species with F. spenceri, thereby separating both from the first three species; F. americanus differs VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 5 from F. spenceri by its smaller size, its shorter endomeral plate, and smaller genital sac sclerite. The female of F. americanus is less distinctive but recognizable by its dimensions, gonapophysis shape, and tergal morphology. Material examined.— Holotype 4 and allotype 2 from Felis rufa collected March 3, 1937, Raymondville, Texas (37-6414). These specimens were examined by Werneck (1948) and they are in the National Museum of Natural History. 7 paratypes from F. rufa collected March 4, 1971, Ravalli County, Montana. Felicola sudamericanus Emerson and Price, NEw SPECIES Figs. 8-12 Type-host.— Felis tigrina pardinoides Gray, the Tiger Cat or Little Spotted Cat. Male.— External morphology and chaetotaxy as in Fig. 8. Head width, 0.36; head length, 0.31; pterothorax width, 0.33; abdominal width, 0.54; and total length, 1.15. Terminal abdominal segments as in Fig. 10. Genitalia as in Fig. 11; width, 0.14. Female.— External morphology and chaetotaxy as in Fig. 9. Head width, 0.40; head length, 0.34; pterothorax width, 0.39; abdominal width, 0.66; and total length, 1.33. Terminal abdominal segments as in Fig. 12. Discussion.— The shape of the genitalic endomeral plate of the male F. suda- mericanus, including the protruding anterior border without a median indentation and the slender pointed posterior tips, is different from that of any of the five preceding species. The female of F. sudamericanus is recognizable by the com- bination of dimensions, shape of the gonapophyses and abdominal tergal plates, and the armature of the vulval surface. Material examined.— Holotype 4, allotype 2, and 10 paratypes collected from Felis tigrina pardinoides (K VS 23397) on December 7, 1958, at Cavca, Malvasi, Colombia. Holotype and allotype are in the Field Museum of Natural History. Felicola similis Emerson and Price, NEw SPECIES Figs. 13-16 Felicola felis (Werneck, 1934), Werneck, 1948: 223 (part). Felicola felis (Werneck, 1934), Emerson and Price, 1975: 52. Type-host: Felis yagouaroundi E. Geoffroy, the Jaguaroundi. Male.— External morphology and chaetotaxy as in Fig. 14. Head width, 0.40; head length, 0.33; pterothorax width, 0.34; abdominal width, 0.54; and total length, 1.21. Genitalia as in Fig. 16: width, 0.13. Female.— External morphology and chaetotaxy as in Fig. 13. Head width, 0.41; head length, 0.40; pterothorax width, 0.40; abdominal width, 0.63; and total length, 1.39. Vulval region as in Fig. 15. Discussion.—The male of F. similis is separable from all other known species of the complex by the size of the genitalia and details of its endomeral plate. The female of F. similis is recognized from all others by its gonapophysis shape and chaetotaxy. Material examined.— Holotype 4 and allotype 2 from Felis yagouaroundi (PCT 339) collected on October 1, 1973 at Juan de Zalazar, Boqueron, Paraguay. Para- type 6 (Werneck slide no. 1659) and paratype ° (Werneck slide no. 1656) in collection of the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, with Werneck’s 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Figs. 8-12. Felicola sudamericanus. 8, Male. 9, Female. 10, Male terminalia. 11, Male genitalia. 12, Female terminalia. original labels “Felis jaguarundi, Palma-Goyaz-Brasil.”’ 2 2° paratypes and 4 imma- ture specimens from the same host collected June 6, 1968, Mata de Bejuca, Maturin, Monagas, Venezuela (43662). KEY TO NEW WORLD SPECIES OF THE FELICOLA FELIS COMPLEX Males 1. Endomeral plate with separated distal tips and without median indentation OM AN(EMOr MATBIN: <7)... fen cca oe hee oo ew Oh en eee Ds VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 7 rtp poe \ \®, \| hy pam pre re FS ¢ Nema aareat oe 3 a 15 Figs. 13-16. Felicola similis. 13, Female. 14, Male. 15, Female ventral terminalia. 16, Male genitalia. Go| PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Endomeral plate with fused distal tips and with median indentation on amienOR MARIN He. Pd x. 2S ee oo eds ee 5 Bre rey Lat > A i SS, Se A. Leen ne ee eet sudamericanus, new species Distal tips:erendomeral plate rounded ;: ..iac¢s Jc Seb se 2 eee 3 . Anterior margin of endomeral plate flat (Fig. 4) .. americanus, new species Amcor marcin of endomeral plate angular” &. 04.2... bse ee; 4 . Endomeral plate not extending beyond tip of fused parameres (Fig. 16); short sclerite associated with genital sac; genitalia smaller, width 0.13 DOR, ns ME ERA eee 2 A ae ede a lh ary cation akan similis, new species Endomeral plate extending slightly beyond tip of fused parameres (Fig. 5); long sclerite associated with genital sac; genitalia larger, width 0.18 Se Eee aS tia Fe nce y ge SR ae ER) Goede anne Berne tet) spenceri Hopkins Opening in endomeral plate with parallel sides (Fig. 7) ................ 5 Ds ee Ree CRE ie OY mt OOO abe ie Se: Ee Ae es AA neofelis, new species Opening in endomeral plate expanded in posterior portion ............ 6 . Anterior margin of endomeral plate flat (Fig. 2) ........... felis (Werneck) Anterior margin of endomeral plate protruding anteriorly (Fig. 6) ...... SE A: II ons ee oR braziliensis, new species FEMALES jj sHape ol fonapopoyses.as in Figs. 3 or 15). ..2dsdeeesl se eee ee Z Shape of eonapopiyses. ashinhrig. 12. _..o..4-... «ene oes | eee 3 . Marginal setae distributed evenly on gonapophyses (Fig. 15); total length, Ty Oh PE i ee Nave dc yay to sro dx dw le similis, new species Marginal setae distributed unevenly on gonapophyses (Fig. 3); total length, SU (Sp. Ao Res Oe a oe errr mrG. cc ces MS 4 Soe felis (Werneck) panee-species. total length more than’ 1.60 «. ...05 3... 2e spenceri Hopkins Simialler species. total length:less than’1-S0:.. . tvs. 229-2 eee ee eee 4 = onape oabdoninal tergal, plates.as.in-Fig: 3 >> .<.o. eer eee ee 5 Shape of abdominal tergal plates as in Fig. 9) 9.0.05 ac4ckal asc: 2 oe eee 6 eS rotiplene pa more than: |. 40)! oce. oc kee vd ae americanus, new species Motipenginvessctihnan 1.20) 2... 9..4...69% weiss im ee neofelis, new species . Surface of vulva armed with short spines (Fig. 12); total length, 1.33 ... Shes. 16s SRE TORE Cl Biers! 7 enna sudamericanus, new species Surface of vulva unarmed (Fig. 3); total length, 1.27 .................. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This study was partially supported by Project No. Min-17-016, Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, and has been assigned Paper No. 12,092, Scientific Journal Series. LITERATURE CITED Burmeister, H. C. C. 1838. Handbuch der Entomologie. Berlin. 2: 418-443. Cabrera, A. 1961. Catalog de los mamiferos de America Sur. Rev. Mus. Argent. Cienc. Nat., Cienc. Zool. [V(2): 309-732. Emerson, K. C. and R. D. Price. 1975. Mallophaga of Venezuelan mammals. Brigham Young Univ. Sci. Bull., Biol. Ser. 20(3): 77 pp. VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 9 1981. A host-parasite list of the Mallophaga on mammals. Misc. Publ. Entomol. Soc. Am. 12(1): 72 pp. Hall, E.R. 1981. The mammals of North America. 2nd ed., II: 601-1177. John Wiley and Sons Publishers, New York. Hopkins, G. H. E. 1960. Notes on some Mallophaga from mammals. Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 10: 75-95. Morris, D. 1965. The mammals, a guide to the living species. Harper and Row Publishers, New York. 448 pp. Werneck, F. L. 1934. Sobre algumas especies brasileiras da ordem Mallophaga. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz Rio de J. 28: 277-285. 1948. Os malofagos de mamiferos. Parte I: Amblycera e Ischnocera (Philopteridae e parte de Trichodectidae). Rio de Janeiro. 243 pp. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 85(1), 1983, pp. 10-25 BIOLOGY AND IMMATURE STAGES OF SETACERA NEEDHAMI JOHANNSEN (DIPTERA: EPHYDRIDAE)'” RICHARD S. ZACK Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washing- ton 99164. Abstract.— Adults of Setacera needhami Johannsen are common on algal mats from late March or early April until late May, and again during August and September. The period of aestivation, from June through early August, is spent in the pupal stage. Overwintering occurs in the adult and pupal (possibly pharate adult) stages. Larvae are common throughout the same periods as adults except during the winter at which time they are not found. Mating and oviposition takes place on the algal mats. Egg to adult development time ranges from 15 to 26 days. The species probably undergoes two to three generations by June and may accom- plish two more during the late summer and fall. Extended periods of rain and/or cold may serve to regulate population levels, especially during the spring. Pedators include dolichopodid flies, dragonfly naiads, and surface-feeding ducks, among others. The egg, three larval instars, and puparium are described and illustrated using line drawings and scanning electron micrographs. The genus Setacera is represented by eight New World species, seven of which occur in the United States. Most are western in distribution with only two, Setacera atrovirens (Loew), which occurs trans-boreally and throughout the midwestern states, and S. pilicornis (Coquillett), which is found in Florida, populating the eastern half of the United States (Mathis, 1982). Few biological studies have been conducted on members of the genus. Sturtevant and Wheeler (1954), in their synopsis of the Nearctic Ephydridae, stated that most of their observations placed Setacera in freshwater habitats that had still or rather slow-moving water. In addition, they discussed the characteristic flight pattern of the genus, and Ephydrini in general, in which the adults rarely fly more than a small distance perpendicular to the surface of the water while traveling a considerable distance from the shore. They speculated that this may be one reason why specimens of Setacera are relatively rare in collections. Setacera needhami Johannsen is confined to the far western United States, with specimens being recorded from Arizona, California, Utah, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington (Mathis, 1982). This species is relatively easy to separate from its ' Scientific Paper Number SP6184, Washington State University, College of Agriculture Research Center, Pullman. 2 Support for this study was provided by a Grant-in-Aid of Research from Sigma Xi, the Scientific Research Society of North America, and NSF Grant DEB78-08753. VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 11 North American congeners, two of which, S. a/drichi Cresson and S. pacifica (Cresson), are often found sympatrically with S. needhami in Washington State localities. Separation of these three species is accomplished by using the length of the dorsal slope of the facial prominence which is longer than its height in S. aldrichi and by the lack of a papilla-like prominence on the supraspiracular con- vexity which occurs in S. pacifica but not in S. needhami. For a more thorough examination of the taxonomy of this group one should consult the revision of Setacera by Mathis (1982). The designation of the specific name needhami is unusual, in that through a misunderstanding it was first described from the immature forms. Johannsen, in preparing for his treatise on aquatic Diptera (Johannsen, 1934, 1935, 1937a, 1937b), had sent adult specimens of S. needhami, which he reared, to Ezra T. Cresson, Jr. for determination. Cresson, not realizing that these determinations were to be used in a forthcoming publication, neglected to inform Johannsen that S. needhami was a manuscript name. Thus, when first published (Johannsen, 1935) the name S. needhami was based on a description of the third larval instar and puparium. Biological data concerning both adult and immature stages of S. needhami are lacking. Johannsen (1935) sketchily described the third larval instar and the pupar- ium of S. needhami, as well as the puparium of S. atrovirens. In addition, he figured the cephalopharyngeal skeleton of the third larval instar of S. needhami. His biological data concerning the species were limited to a recorded rearing from Laguna Beach, California. Studies related in this paper were conducted in and around the Columbia National Wildlife Refuge (Grant and Adams counties) of east-central Washington. Although the species was occasionally collected at other localities throughout Washington and Oregon, nowhere was it found in such abundance as in the Refuge. Techniques used in this study were the same as those described by Zack (1982, in press) in a study of the shore fly Paracoenia bisetosa (Coquillett). LIFE HISTORY Setacera needhami is apparently confined solely to the algal mat habitat, the adults occurring both on the surface of the mats and on the lower stalks of vegetation (almost exclusively cattail, Typha sp.) which occasionally extrude through the mats. In the area of the Columbia Wildlife Refuge the algal mat habitat (Figs. 1, 2) is not necessarily ephemeral or even annual, but may persist through several seasons. As older growth dies it is forced to the bottom of the mat by new material. The mats show a relatively slow growth during the winter, but as the temperatures begin to rise during the early spring the mats change to a rich green and begin to expand. By late March or early April (during a mild year) the algae have taken on a fresh, green appearance as opposed to the rather drab, brown look of winter. Although only infrequent trips were made to the Refuge during the period December through early February, due to the mild climate of this area, the pools were found to contain rarely more than a thin covering of ice. It may be the relative stability of the algal mat habitat and the mild temperatures of the Refuge which allow for the continued presence of Setacera needhami throughout much of the year. On warm days during the winter months, December 12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Figs. 1, 2. Habitats of Setacera needhami. through February, adults of S. needhami were rarely collected on algal mats and along shoreline segments of wrack vegetation. If mild temperatures (7—13°C) per- sisted for periods of two or three days adults could be found feeding on the algal mats. Setacera needhami is almost always the first ephydrid to be found in the Refuge once regular collecting began in late February or early March. By late March or early April levels of both adults and immatures seemed to peak and then remained VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 13 relatively constant until late May. At this time numbers began to decline such that by early June only an occasional adult and no immatures could be located. The only stage that could be found, with some consistency, until late August was the pupa. Between mid-June and late August S. needhami adults were rarely collected, and then almost always singly. By late August and early September the number of adults again began to increase until population levels were as high, if not higher, than the levels in early spring. At this same time, the number of immatures located in the mats also began to rise dramatically. Population levels of S. needhami remained relatively high until early November when long periods of rain and/or cold temperatures seemed to coincide with their decline. A few adult females were brought into the laboratory in late October and early Novem- ber, but they did not lay eggs. An examination of ovarian development was not conducted. Besides overwintering as adults, S. needhami also spends the winter in the pupal stage, possibly as pharate adults. This is suggested from collections of numerous pupal cases, both empty and with fully developed adults inside, during the winter and early spring. When the mats were examined at this time only puparia were found. It is possible that pupae and/or pharate adults, still in the puparia, can overwinter in the algal mats with only minor mortality due to freezing water and inclement weather. The previously mentioned late spring and early summer decline of S. needhami coincides with a rise in the level of the Paracoenia bisetosa population (Zack 1982, in press). During late summer (August and September) just the opposite occurred. That is, as the S. needhami population began to increase, the number of P. bisetosa declined. By late September and the beginning of October, S. needhami would again be extremely abundant on the mats while P. bisetosa, although common at pools which did not exhibit luxuriant growths of algae, became less noticeable. Whether any conditions existed in the mats (e.g., changes in the algal composition, temperatures, etc.) which would cause this temporal separation was not determined. How much influence, if any, each species has on the seasonal distribution of the other is unknown. I have found that the popu- lational levels of S. needhami exhibit similar temporal fluctuations even in pools that did not harbor large numbers of P. bisetosa at any time during the year. Occurring on the mats with S. needhami were the two congeners S. aldrichi and S. pacifica. Neither was found to be as abundant as S. needhami, and the two species combined constituted only 5—10% of the sample at any given time. All three species occurred in the same habitat at the same time and could not be separated in the field or in the laboratory until they could be examined under magnification. To assure that the individuals used in the descriptions of the immatures and puparia were S. needhami, I used only laboratory-reared speci- mens. When gravid females were brought into the laboratory, they were kept in individual oviposition chambers and each batch of eggs was placed in a separate rearing dish (Zack 1982, in press). The females were positively identified after eggs were laid. The number of individuals in the field is probably regulated to a great extent by weather and to a lesser extent by predators and parasites. As was the case with Paracoenia bisetosa (Zack, 1982, in press), the level of adult S. needhami was drastically reduced after extended periods of rain and cold temperatures which 14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON are common during the period March through May. Abiotic mortality factors may not affect the immatures as dramatically as the adults because of their relative protection within the algal mats. Indeed, my observations support this contention. On several occasions, after three or four days of rain I found fewer adults but could find no noticeable changes in larval numbers. Only if the mat was somehow destroyed or at least penetrated by heavy rains did the immatures seem to face the possibility of being washed from the habitat. The eggs, which are laid on top of the mats, are probably very susceptible to periods of heavy rain. Potential predators were common in the algal mats, and several of these have already been discussed in my treatment of P. bisetosa (Zack 1982, in press). Experiments were conducted in which a few larvae were placed into an oviposition chamber containing three or four adult dolichopodids (Diptera: Dolichopodidae: Dolichopus spp.). Adult dolichopodids were found to feed on first and second larval instars in the laboratory. Third larval instars were also used in these tests but it was found that they were too large and cumbersome for the dolichopodids to handle. In the field I observed one Dolichopus sp. feeding on a second instar Setacera (?needhami) sp. Unfortunately, I did not see the predator capture the larva. Similar experiments were conducted with dragonfly naiads (Odonata: Libel- lulidae) which were collected from the same algal mats in which S. needhami larvae were found. The dragonflies were placed into a large plastic dish and were presented with all three instars of S. needhami, which had been impaled on number three insect pins. Larvae were presented to the naiads by moving them back and forth approximately 2—3 cm from the naiad. The dragonflies showed a distinct preference for mature second and third larval instars, probably because of their larger size. In ten trials with each larval instar, the first was attacked only once. Likewise, recently molted second larval instars were rarely accepted (only one of ten larvae tested was attacked and eaten). Mature second and third larval instars were most frequently attacked, in some cases several times, until they were dislodged from the pin and subsequently devoured by the dragonfly. These tests were conducted under unnatural conditions for the libellulid naiads, which were removed from their normal habitat of entangled vegetation (the algal mats) and placed into a container of water. In the habitat in which both the dragonflies and ephydrids occur, it is likely that the libellulid immatures rely almost entirely on tactile stimuli in prey capture rather than visual cues as has been recorded for most dragonfly immatures. It is improbable that the larvae of S. needhami can be visually observed and subesquently attacked by the naiads in the algal mat. Predation by birds may represent only a minor factor in the overall mortality of S. needhami in the Refuge. While many ephydrids such as P. bisetosa, Ephydra hians Say, and E. packardi Wirth were found along the shoreline or on windrowed vegetation making them more susceptible to predation by birds, the mats on which S. needhami occurred were often positioned over one-half m or more of water. This location would tend to keep birds feeding at or near the shoreline, such as sandpipers and killdeers, isolated from the major S. needhami populations. My observations indicate that this was the case. I did make some observations, however, which indicated that surface-feeding ducks such as mallards (Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus), green-winged teals (Anas carolinensis (Gmelin)), shov- VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 15 elers (Anas clyeata (Linnaeus)) and pintails (Anas acuta (Vieillot)) may feed on S. needhami. At times individuals of these birds were found feeding in or near the mats frequented by S. needhami. Although gut sample studies of these species were not conducted by myself, they were by Martin and Uhler (1939), who pos- tulated that several species of ephydrids, especially those inhabiting alkaline pools, are of special importance to ducks. Although S. needhami is not one of the brine species, its numbers are sometimes as high as are those of the species occurring on many of the nearby brine pools. Both adult and immature S. needhami were easily found in the field during the early spring and late summer. Adults occurred not only on the algal mats them- selves but also peripherally on the vegetation near the surface of the water. Indi- viduals of S. needhami were found on algal mats throughout the pools, often at some distance from the shore (Figs. 1, 2). In contrast, the species was rarely found along the immediate shoreline. Immatures were located throughout the growing portion of the algal mats, many of which were five or more cm thick. They appeared to prefer the upper layers of the mat where the major algal growth occurred. The simplest and most pro- ductive means of obtaining the immatures was to sift through the vegetation by hand. Although first larval instars were difficult to locate, because of their small size, second and third larval instars were common. Using this sifting method I could usually locate three or four larvae per minute. The larvae exhibited no noticeable clumping or aggregating behavior and were never found in the decaying material at the bottom of the mats. Eggs were rarely collected and those that were, were located by examining the mats where females were seen ovipositing. Ovipositional behavior was also observed in the laboratory. It involved the female extending her abdomen and placing an egg with the long plane parallel to the mat surface. Eggs were laid singly and in no discernible pattern. They were never inserted into the substrate but were always deposited on the surface. For three females brought into the labo- ratory, over several ovipositional periods, one laid 42 eggs, the second 50, and third 38. The longest-lived of these three females survived 11 days. During a single ovipositional period one of the females laid six eggs while a second laid 14. Eggs are white when first laid and exhibit a definite sculptured pattern (Fig. 3). Within a day or two they obtain a slight pinkish-tinge, especially in a medial- transverse band. Just prior to eclosion the eggs become transparent and the devel- oped first larval instar is visible within. Eclosion from the egg is accomplished in two to four days (x = 2.5 days; N = 52). Hatching is achieved by the larva rasping at the chorion with its mouthhooks. Mating was observed in the field on several occasions. Precopulatory behavior is much like that observed in P. bisetosa (Zack, 1982, in press), and for Parydra quadrituberculata Loew and Ochthera mantis (DeGeer) (Deonier, 1972; Deonier and Regensburg, 1978). There appears to be little recognizable courtship behavior. In most copulatory attempts, a male simply “pounced” on another fly. In the field I recognized what I thought to be males by their slightly smaller size in relation to the females. What criteria a male uses to recognize a female are unknown. In many instances, I saw what I believed to be a male accost a second fly which also appeared to be male. In all such cases the fly was repulsed. Attempts at mating 16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Figs. 3,4. Setacera needhami. 3, Scanning electron micrograph of egg. 4, Same, close-up of cho- rionic sculpturing. VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 G7 were common in the field, but few are successful. In only four of 50 recorded trials did attempted mating end in success. In one case a single fly approached a second fly seven different times, each ending in failure. In the four cases in which copulation was successful, the sequence leading to mating seemed no different than those in which attempts at mating failed. Obviously female receptivity is the ultimate factor, but the related circumstances necessary are unknown. The first step in mating apparently involves the male, jumping atop or behind a female, often jumping over her in the process. When he landed atop her, further attempts at copulation were usually discouraged by the female’s scur- rying-off. If a male landed behind the female, he would quickly turn and attempt to mount her from behind. If receptive, the female would spread her wings and slightly upturn her abdomen. In this way she allowed the male to mount and initiate copulation. If she was not receptive, she simply held her wings over her back or scissored them slightly to effectively prevent the male from mounting. As in the other ephydrids, the male used his forelegs to grasp the female at the bases of the wings and his mid- and hindlegs to grasp her abdomen. For the four cases in which I observed successful mating, copulatory periods ranged from 49 s to 4 min 14s. Each of these copulating pairs were disturbed by a third individual which caused them to disengage. All observations on mating were conducted at the algal mats. Females obtained from field-collected pupal cases exhibited premating periods of two to four days (N = 4). Mating did take place in the ovipositional chambers, but precopulatory behavior was not observed. Egg production records were kept for only two of the flies with 108 and 92 eggs being laid during lifetimes of 18 and 23 days, respectively. Of the remaining two females, one lived nine days while the second survived 17. For six males which had been collected as pupae in the field, the oldest survived 22 days (X = 14.3 days). In the laboratory, batches of eggs were taken from single females and placed into dishes containing agar. Five to ten of these eggs were then placed into rearing dishes supplied with a 1-2 mm thick piece of algal mat. Upon eclosion the first instar began feeding, some burrowed into the mat, while others traveled along the surface for a period of several hours. The first larval instar is covered with microsetulae which give it a rather sooty-looking appearance. However, the larvae did not seem to pick-up a covering of detritus as observed in Parydra quadritu- berculata by Deonier and Regensburg (1978). The larvae are equipped with well developed claws on the prolegs which aid in movement through the mats. Within two or three hours all of the first larval instars were well within the vegetation and feeding. The first stadium lasted between one and three days (X = 2.1 days; N = 44). Although I obtained cast exuviae from only the algal surface, these were few, and it is doubtful that all molting took place there. The second larval instar was comparable to the first in appearance except that most were slightly more setulose and distinctly duskier in appearance, especially when viewed dorsally. Within one day after molting the larvae developed a distinct greenish-tinge throughout the digestive tract as they continued to feed. They were also rarely found at the surface of the vegetation and, when removed from it, they quickly reburrowed upon replacement. The second stadium lasted between two to three days (x = 2.4 days; N = 34). Based on recovered cast exuviae, molting took place both at the surface and in the algae. 18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON The third larval instar was very motile and could be found throughout the mats and up to 5—6 cm deep in the field. In the laboratory they were restricted by the depth of the algal material which was rarely more than 2 cm thick. As was the case in the first and second larval instars, the third was also covered with setae, especially dorsally. The third larval instar, however, probably because of its larger size, had a relatively distinct setal pattern (Fig. 15). This pattern varied consid- erably, especially in intensity. The pattern was relatively indistinct immediately following the molt from the second instar but darkened considerably within the first day of the third stadial period. In rare instances the pattern did not darken, and the larva was found to be lacking many of the setulae found in the normally- appearing individuals. Most of the third stadial period was spent feeding. Gut examinations of 12 field-collected third larval instars were conducted. Most of the material in their digestive tracts was composed of broken and partially digested strands of filamen- tous algae. In addition there were large amounts of substance which appeared to be non-algal vegetation. This material was very common in the mats and included fallen shoreline plants and up-rooted bottom plants. Few unicellular algae were found in these samples while no diatoms were discovered. These investigations were conducted by simply opening the larva, removing the digestive tract and examining the material in it at various magnifications. A more refined study of the feeding habits may prove revealing, especially if one considers that there may be competition for preferred foods with other algal mat inhabitants. The third stadial period lasted between 4-7 days (X = 5.1 days; N = 22). During this time the larvae feed voraciously for the first 60-70% of the period. After feeding a larva would settle on top of the mat or just below the surface, and contract in length to about two-thirds the size of a normal larva. As in other species studied (Zack 1982, in press), S. needhami exhibited yellow pigmentation in the anterior portion of the larva by the time the post-feeding period was attained. The contracting larva would often wrap the anal proleg around a twig or another piece of vegetation in the rearing dish. At other times larvae would hold onto each other. In the field this same grasping phenomenon was found in almost all pupal cases collected and probably serves to anchor the pupal cases in the mat should it undergo a period of flooding. It may also hinder predators attempting to dislodge the pupal cases from the mat. The post-feeding period lasted from one to two days, after which time the puparium was formed. Within two or three days the first indications of the developing adult became visible through the pupal case. Eclosion occurred within six to nine days (X = 7.5 days; N = 20). Based on data obtained in the laboratory, the egg to adult development time of S. needhami ranged from 15 to 26 days. This would indicate that during an average year, in which the first adults appeared by mid-March, the species may undergo two to three generations before almost completely disappearing by early to mid-June. The period of aestivation is spent in the pupal state, it being the only stage found consistently in high numbers between the period June to early September. If eclosion from the puparium takes place in September, it is probable that S. needhami passes at least two additional broods, the second of which ends with overwintering pupae (pharate adults?) and adults. The adults, as an over- wintering stage, may be in a state of reproductive diapause. The pupae apparently overwinter in the algal mats. VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 19 00.0 » Ree Figs. 5-8. Setacera needhami, scanning electron micrographs. 5, Anterior spiracle, second instar. 6, Anterior spiracle, third instar. 7, Posterior spiracle, second instar, retracted. 8, Posterior spiracle, second instar, extended. DESCRIPTIONS OF IMMATURE STAGES Egg (Figs. 3, 4).—Length 0.47-0.55 mm; maximum width (in dorsal view) 0.15-— 0.22 mm. Elliptical, more convex dorsally than ventrally. Chorion with an irreg- ular hexagonal pattern (Fig. 4) slightly compressed anteriorly and posteriorly. Micropylar end slightly more blunt than opposite end, micropylar stalk situated in a small depression. Eggs pale white to light pink when first deposited, developing 20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON a pink center within 12-24 h, transparent at eclosion, larva distinctly visible within. First larval instar.—Total length 1.20-—2.10 mm; main body 1.10-1.96 mm; breathing tube 0.23-0.30 mm; maximum width 0.20—0.31 mm. Integument trans- parent, non-patterned, larva appears bare during early part of stadium but later the fine hairlike spinulae darken and become evident. Similar to 3rd instar except in the following characters: Segment | bilobed anteroventrally on either side of atrial opening, each lobe bearing a group of 8-10 elongate, hairlike spinulae; antenna with 2nd lobe lightly pigmented. Segment 2 encircled by a band of fine, dark, hairlike spinulae, most pronounced dorsally and below, weak at sides; ante- rior spiracles absent. Segments 3—4 encircled by hairs, with a slight indication of banding on the anterodorsal margin; with occasional large, prominent, black hairs above and laterally which may be sensory in function; tubercles absent. Segments 5-11 with prolegs only slightly lobed, claws less pigmented; each segment covered with an irregular arrangement of hairlike spinulae above and laterally becoming more stout ventrally; triannulation only weakly evident beneath; a series of large dark hairs dorsally and laterally, possibly sensory in funtion. Segment 12 with posterior spiracular caps slightly pigmented, each with 2 indistinct spiracular openings which appear to be continuous, spiracular scar absent, hydrofuge lamel- lae short, projections greater in number, often lightly pigmented. (Based on 12 specimens.) Cephalopharyngeal skeleton, length 0.20—0.25 mm; lightly pigmented; posterior margins of mouthhooks not broadened, more or less pointed; accessory and lig- ulate sclerites absent; parastomal bar free from hypostomal sclerite anteriorly; dorsal bridge only slightly broadened medially, apparently without windows; dor- sal and ventral cornuae long and slender, simple (without teeth) and apparently lacking windows, slight indication of reticulation, especially on the ventral cornua; dorsal cornua slightly shorter than ventral, both more or less pointed posteriorly, ventral piece bulging slightly at middle. Second larval instar (Figs. 5, 7-11).—Total length 2.70-3.51 mm; main body 2.61—3.57 mm; breathing tube 0.63—0.75 mm; maximum width 0.60—0.69 mm. Integument translucid, body covered with fine hairs, not patterned. Similar to 3rd instar except in the following characters: Segment | (Fig. 9) with oral combs less developed and less pigmented; spinose anteroventral lobes on either side of mouth opening but spines less developed than in Ist instar. Segment 2 with anterior spiracles (Fig. 5) less distinct, with 3 or 4 lobes, less pigmented, lobes not separated from one another as great distally as in 3rd instar. Segments 5—12 with bilobed and trilobed sensillae only slightly evident. Posterior spiracular caps (Figs. 7, 8) with hydrofuge lamellae less developed, each with a darkly pigmented patch medially, spiracular openings indistinct. Cephalopharyngeal skeleton (Fig. 13), length 0.40-—0.49 mm; slightly less pig- mented; parastomal bars medially fused to hypostomal sclerite for only a short distance; hypostomal sclerite not fused to pharyngeal sclerite; dorsal bridge only slightly broadened medially, reticulation not as apparent; dorsal cornua long, slender, lacking toothed appearance, without windows; ventral cornua truncate, broadened posteriorly, without windows, appearing reticulate on posteriorly broadened area. (Based on 10 specimens.) Third larval instar (Figs. 6, 12, 15, 16).—Total length (breathing tube held at VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 I] 00 0 _u Figs. 9-12. Setacera needhami, scanning electron micrographs. 9, Head segment, second instar. 10, Sensory tubercle on 8th abdominal segment, second instar. 11, Proleg on 3rd abdominal segment, second instar. 12, Spinose band on Ist thoracic segment, third instar. obtuse angle to main body) 7.31-10.52 mm; main body 7.11-8.69 mm; breathing tube 1.45—2.03 mm long; maximum width 1.11—1.53 mm. Integument translucid; internal structures visible to some degree, posterior '2 of internal tracheal system visible; numerous spines and spinulae covering integument; dorsum patterned, varying greatly in intensity, that of segments 11 and 12 faint or more often lacking (Fig. 15). Shape fundamentally muscoid; anterior '2 tapering slightly to head, 22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON caudal segment (12) elongate, forming a telescoping and distally branching breath- ing tube; segments | and 2 retractile; prolegs present on segments 5-12, each bearing rows of well-defined claws. Segment 1 bilobed anteriorly, each lobe bearing an elongate 3- or 4-segmented antenna, basal and 3rd segment non-pigmented; ventrally each lobe bearing a sensory plate. Facial mask with a pyramid-shaped area of rows of posteriorly-facing, comblike structures anterior and lateral to mouth opening, Ist row with 4 combs and each succeeding row with approximately 8 combs, forming a partial semicircle around the atrial opening. Prothorax (seg- ment 2) with anterior band of spinulae (Fig. 12) in 7-9 irregular rows continuing relatively uninterrupted to dorsolateral margin where banding ceases; dorsum moderately spinulose, patterned, but posterolateral and posteroventral areas essentially bare with only some slight spiculation; anterior spiracles (Fig. 6) laterad, located at posterior border, 3 or 4 lobed, dark at tips. Mesothorax (segment 3) with anterior band of 20+ rows of spinulae completely encircling segment, pos- terior 73 of segment spinulose, more so dorsally than ventrally or laterally; segment bearing a series of slightly raised tubercles each bearing a 3- to 4-lobed sensillum, tubercles more evident ventrally and laterally than dorsally. Metathorax (segment 4) with an anterior band of 20+ rows of spinulae completely encircling segment, but coalescing into heavily spinulose dorsum; posterior *4 of segment only mod- erately spinulose laterally and below. Segments 5—11 (abdominal segments 1-7) variously wrinkled, but each with 3 somewhat indistinct annuli; each segment densely covered with spinulae and patterned (Fig. 14) except for last 2 segments; segments with an encircling pattern of tubercles arranged medially, each bearing a 3- to 4-lobed sensillum. Prolegs present on each segment, those of segments 6— 11 subequal, that of segment 5 approximately '2 as large as others. Prolegs (Fig. 11) well-developed, bilobed, with 2 distinct rows of claws and a 3rd irregular row, claws directed posteriorly, 4 claws/row/side, those of anterior row largest, of 2nd row approximately 74 as large, and of 3rd row small, '4—'2 as large as preceding row; claws surrounded by spinulae which are slightly more robust than those occurring on remainder of segment. Segment 12 (caudal) bearing an elongate bifurcating breathing tube distally and a well-developed bilobed anal proleg ven- trally. Each 2 of proleg with 5 irregular rows of claws, approximately 5 claws/ row, those of distal-most row largest, of proximally preceding rows progressivley smaller, and approximately * size of those in preceding row. Perianal pad located ventrally, subcircular, glabrous, bilobed posteriorly, furrowed by medially occur- ring anal slit, a patch of spinulae posteromedially. Anal proleg bearing tubercles on each side lateral to spinule patch of perianal pad, each tubercle bearing a 3- to 4-lobed sensory papillum (Fig. 10). Segment 12 with 2 pair of well-developed sensory papillae, most anterior pair located on large tubercles at medial (excluding breathing tube), dorsolateral margin of segment, 2nd pair located on smaller tubercles at anteromedial junction of breathing tube with main body. Breathing tube with 3 pair of well-developed sensory tubercles, most proximal pair located ventrolaterally on basal 2, 2nd pair located at middle of breathing tube, ventro- laterally, 3rd pair located just beyond middle, dorsolaterally; tube moderately spinulose on basal *4, to bifurcation, branches glabrous. Posterior spiracular caps dark amber, rounded apically, each bearing 4 suboval spiracular openings, spi- racular scar indistinct, cap bordered basally by 4 groups of hydrofuge lamellae each composed of 6-10 transparent hydrofuge processes. VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 23 Figs. 13-17. Setacera needhami. 13, Cephalopharyngeal skeleton, second instar. 14, Cephalo- pharyngeal skeleton, third instar. 15, Third instar, dorsal view. 16, Third instar, lateral view. 17, Puparium, dorsal view. Abbreviations: A = antenna; ASp = anterior spiracle; P = proleg; S = sensory tubercle. 24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Cephalopharyngeal skeleton (Fig. 14), length 0.69—0.75 mm; amber to darkly pigmented; posterior margins of dorsal and ventral cornuae and lateral pharyngeal process dark amber, remainder black. Mouthhooks paired, not connected, non- fenestrate, length 0.09-0.11 mm; hook part of mouthhook slightly decurved, broad and spoon-shaped, sharply toothed apically with 2 elongate teeth anterodorsally, 5—6 spinelike teeth beneath, most posterior tooth slightly more stout than pre- ceding; base broad, slightly concave and bilobed, inner lobe smaller than outer; posterior margin articulating with anterior of hypostomal sclerite, not fused. Accessory mouth sclerite located ventrolaterad to mouthhooks, roughly V-shaped. Ligulate sclerite paired, thinly rod-shaped, situated ventrad to mouthhooks and anterior to hypostomal sclerite. Hypostomal sclerite paired, length 0.19-0.21 mm; H-shaped in ventral view, consisting of 2 pair of longitudinal sclerites and 2 bridges, expanded anteriorly to articulate with mouthhooks. Anterior hypostomal bridge situated at articulation with mouthhooks, not fused to hypostomal sclerite; posterior hypostomal bridge approximately 7 length of hypostomal sclerite from anterior bridge. Epistomal plate broad posteriorly, with 2 large anterior teeth. Pharyngeal sclerite length 0.38—0.45 mm; ventral pharyngeal lamella with 15+ longitudinal ridges running from posteroventral margin of hypostomal sclerite to posteroventral margin of pharyngeal sclerite; forward portion not fused to hypo- stomal sclerite; paired lateral pharyngeal processes large, flat and rounded dorsally, fused to pharyngeal sclerite; dorsal bridge broadened medially, reticulate, with numerous windows, variously toothed at margins; dorsal cornua long and slender, variously toothed, large toothed process anterodorsally, large open window at posterior margin; ventral cornua thin, elongate, posterior margin with broken (like a snapped tree) outline, large window dorsally which may be open or closed, often varying in the same specimen. (Based on 18 specimens.) Puparium (Fig. 17).—Total length 6.20-—7.31 mm; main body 5.34-5.78 mm; breathing tube 1.36-1.82 mm; maximum width 1.40-1.97 mm. Amber to dark brown, uniformly translucid. Ellipsoidal, truncate anteriorly, tapering posteriorly into an elongate breathing tube. Venter arcuate, dorsum relatively flattened. Ante- rior segments 1-3 invaginated. Anterior spriacles trilobed (in most cases) arising on anterolateral margin of dorsal cephalic cap. Dorsal cephalic cap truncate ante- riorly, line of weakness running dorsolaterally along segments 2—4, curving mesad and forming a transverse line along posterior margin of segment 5. Markings similar to those described for 3rd instar, varying greatly in intensity. Sensory papillae sclerotized, arranged as described for 3rd instar. Puparium, except for area posterior to bifurcation of segment 12, densely spinulose both dorsally and ventrally. Segments 5—12 each bearing ventral prolegs, those on segments 5-9 flat to weakly convex, proleg of segment 11 flat, hidden in convexity between prolegs of segments 10 and 12; lobe of segment 10 elevated, claws facing posteriorly and opposing the anteriorly-facing claws of proleg of segment 12; claws of prolegs of segments 5—9 essentially biserial with light spiculation both posteriorly and ante- riorly to major spines; segments 10 and 12 multiserial, claws stronger than those on segments 5—9 and 11, segment 11 with biserial claws. Segment 12 flattened posteriorly with ovid-shaped perianal pad; pad devoid of setae, with anteriorly- facing, broadly-U-shaped convexity arising posteriorly and surrounding the anal slit, spinule patch at posteromedial border. Segment 12 elongate distally forming a breathing tube bifurcating at distal 74, angle of bifurcation often exceeding 100°; VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 AS large sensory tubercles on anterolateral 4 of breathing tube; posterior spiracular caps more darkly amber than remainder of puparium, spiracular areas only faintly discernable. (Based on 15 specimens.) ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Appreciation is extended to R. D. Akre, W. J. Turner, B. A. Foote, W. W. Wirth, and W. N. Mathis for critically reviewing the manuscript. Species of birds were identified with the help of E. A. Perkins. Scanning electron micrographs were taken at the Electron Microscope Center at Washington State University with the aid of A. Crooker. LITERATURE CITED Deonier, D. L. 1972. Observations on mating, oviposition, and food habits of certain shore flies (Diptera:Ephydridae). Ohio J. Sci. 72: 22-29. Deonier, D. L.and J. T. Regensburg. 1978. Biology and immature stages of Parydra quadrituberculata (Diptera: Ephydridae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 71: 341-353. Johannsen, O. A. 1934. Aquatic Diptera. Part I. Nemocera, exclusive of Chironomidae and Cera- topogonidae. Mem. Cornell Agric. Exp. Stn. 164: 1-71. . 1935. Aquatic Diptera. Part II. Orthorrhapha-Brachycera and Cyclorrhapha. Mem. Cornell Agric. Exp. Stn. 171: 1-62. 1937a. Aquatic Diptera. Part III. Chironomidae: Subfamilies Tanypodinae, Diamesinae, and Orthocladiinae. Mem. Cornell Agric. Exp. Stn. 205: 1-84. 1937b. Aquatic Diptera. Part IV. Nemocera, exclusive of Chironomidae: Subfamily Chi- ronominae. Mem. Cornell Agric. Exp. Stn. 210: 1-56. Martin, A. C. and F. M. Uhler. 1939. Food of game ducks in the United States and Canada. U.S. Dep. Agric. Tech. Bull. 634, 156 pp. Mathis, W.N. 1982. Studies of Ephydrinae (Diptera: Ephydridae), VII: Revision of the genus Setacera Cresson. Smithson. Contrib. Zool. 350: 1-57. Sturtevant, A. H. and M. R. Wheeler. 1954. Synopsis of Nearctic Ephydridae (Diptera). Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. 79: 151-257. Zack, R.S. 1982. Observations on the biologies and distribution of certain Pacific Northwest shore flies (Diptera: Ephydridae). Ph.D. dissertation, Washington State University, Pullman. 187 pp. . In press. Biology and immature Stages of Paracoenia bisetosa (Coquillett) (Diptera:Ephy- dridae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 85(1), 1983, pp. 26-31 SEASONAL HISTORY AND HOST PLANTS OF THE PLANT BUG LYGOCORIS ATRINOTATUS, WITH DESCRIPTION OF THE FIFTH-INSTAR NYMPH (HEMIPTERA: MIRIDAE) A. G. WHEELER, JR. AND THOMAS J. HENRY (AGW) Bureau of Plant Industry, Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17110; (TJH) Systematic Entomology Laboratory, IBIII, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, ‘/, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. 20560. Abstract.—The plant bug, Lygocoris atrinotatus (Knight), is shown to develop on native and cultivated Hydrangea arborescens L. (Saxifragaceae), the first host association for this little-known mirid. The seasonal history is summarized for a western Pennsylvania population occurring on the cultivar “Annabelle,” and known distribution is reviewed and mapped. An adult diagnosis and a description and illustration of the fifth-instar nymph are provided. The biology of the plant bug genus Lygocoris Reuter is well known compared to that of many other mirid genera, with host plants recorded for all but a few North American species. One poorly known species is L. atrinotatus (Knight), described in the genus Lygus Hahn by Knight (1917). The holotype and allotype were from Pittsburgh, Pa.; paratypes (single males) were from Black Mountains, N.C. and Washington, D.C. Watson (1928) has since added Ohio to the known distribution, stating that the typical habitat was “‘along streams”’; Henry and Smith (1979) also recorded it from Georgia. In the latest review of the genus, Kelton (1971) noted that the host was unknown. In reporting Lygocoris knighti Kelton from Viburnum recognitum Fernald in New York and Pennsylvania, Wheeler (1980) included records from North Car- olina and West Virginia based on females collected from Hydrangea arborescens L. The later discovery of a large Lygocoris population on hydrangea in Pennsyl- vania has enabled us to associate L. atrinotatus with its proper host plant, H. arborescens (Saxifragaceae), and refer the North Carolina and West Virginia rec- ords to this species. In this paper we review the known distribution, provide the first host association, summarize the seasonal history on cultivated hydrangea, and give a diagnosis of the adult and a description and illustration of the fifth- instar nymph. DISTRIBUTION The following represent new state records based on specimens in the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. (USNM) collection: SOUTH CAROLINA: Rocky Bottom, July 31, 1934, J. M. Todd. TENNESSEE: Cades Cove, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, June 13, 1946, R. R. Dreisbach. VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 Dy Fig. 1. Distribution of Lygocoris atrinotatus. Watson’s (1928) record of L. atrinotatus from Ohio apparently was based on Ohio Biological Survey material from Morgan Co., June 24, 1927, and Scioto Co., June 20, 1927 (Ohio State Univ. collection). The Union Co., Georgia record listed by Henry and Smith (1979) is based on a specimen in the University of Georgia collection: Neel Gap, July 5, 1947, P. W. Fattig. Additional Georgia records, based on USNM specimens, are from Clarksville [Habersham Co.], July 19, 1947, P. W. Fattig, and Sarah [Union Co.], July 7, 1945, P. W. Fattig. An additional Pennsylvania record, the site of our seasonal history observations, is Somerset Co., Davidsville, July 5, 1980 and June-July 1981, A. G. Wheeler, Jr. and T. E. Wolf. Wheeler’s (1980) records of L. Anighti from near Brevard, North Carolina, and Hancock and Pendleton counties, West Virginia, should be referred to L. atrinotatus. Additional West Virginia records are Monongalia Co., Mor- gantown, July 16, and Nicholas Co., 10 mi. N. of Fayette Co. line, June 24, 1978, A. G. Wheeler, Jr. and T. L. Mason, Jr. 28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON The known range of L. atrinotatus is essentially Appalachian, that is, roughly confined to an area bounded in the north by the margin of Pleistocene glaciation and in the south by the Fall Line (Barr, 1969). Blauch (1975) delineated this region as the Southern Appalachian Highlands. Many of the records are concentrated in the southern Appalachian Mountain area of southeastern Tennessee, northeastern Georgia, and western North and South Carolina (Fig. 1). Lygocoris atrinotatus may have originated in the Great Smoky-Blue Ridge Mountain region of the southern Appalachians. This region harbors an interesting fauna that includes many endemic species. In a recent symposium this area was recognized as an important center of distribution, and specialists analyzed the distributional history of several invertebrate groups characteristic of the region (Holt, 1969). Lygocoris atrinotatus, based on limited collecting, ranges farther south than L. knighti, a closely related, viburnum-feeding mirid known from the Lake of the Woods region of southwestern Ontario, Tompkins Co. in south central New York, and Dauphin Co. in south central Pennsylvania. Species of Lygocoris overwinter as eggs inserted in woody tissue of host trees and shrubs; this habit allows mirids to move easily in shipments of nursery stock (Wheeler and Henry, 1974). Because both L. atrinotatus and L. knighti develop on plants used in horticultural trade, the movement of ornamental plants may introduce these mirids to new areas, thus blurring the current distinctness in their known ranges. It is possible that some such movement already has taken place. Host PLANTS AND SEASONAL HISTORY The first host records for L. atrinotatus became available in 1979 when this mirid was taken on inflorescences of native Hydrangea arborescens in North Car- olina and West Virginia. Wild hydrangea is a much-branched, often straggling, shrub of the family Saxifragaceae, occurring on rocky slopes and stream banks from southern New York south to Georgia and west to Arkansas (Gleason and Cronquist, 1963). Sevenbark, another common name, refers to the tendency for bark on older stems to exfoliate. Hydrangea arborescens ssp. radiata is considered an Appalachian endemic (Cooper and Hardin, 1970). In 1980 we found L. atrinotatus on cultivated H. arborescens in a nursery in Somerset Co., Pennsylvania. Large numbers were present on the cultivar ‘Anna- belle,’ a plant selected at the University of Illinois for its large flower clusters or corymbs (Dirr, 1977). We have not encountered this mirid on the Asiatic H. paniculata Siebold or its commonly planted cultivar ‘Grandiflora,’ the peegee hydrangea. On 5 July 1980 at the nursery in western Pennsylvania, adults were abundant on flower clusters along with a few fifth-instar nymphs. Periodic samples were taken from two large H. arborescens ‘Annabelle’ in 1981 to obtain information on phenology. Overwintering eggs began to hatch during late May when flower buds were small and tightly closed. A random sample of 11 nymphs collected on 5 June contained second and third instars with only single specimens of instars I and IV. One week later when flower buds were still tightly closed, instars III- V were found in equal numbers (five specimens each), with one second instar present. By 19 June a collection of 20 specimens contained one third, three fourth, and ten fifth instars and six adults (4 6, 2 2). Adults of this univoltine mirid were VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 29 Taal © ile deme ee boktete Df tp 4a Seated Pp bpp hyd Lea It et {you py Vey Nereis Lp ae eae seh) ie Macca fy ee wi ee a Keb by Ben viva tot Was rg plek pede Fig. 2. Lygocoris atrinotatus, fifth instar. most common during early bloom of H. arborescens (late June—early July) and began to decline in numbers by mid-July. Most species of Lygocoris are oligophagous or monophagous and, as Leston (1952) noted, the North American species, even more so than the Old World Lygocoris fauna, have developed a specificity for various deciduous trees. Lygo- coris atrinotatus is a specialist on shrubs of the genus Hydrangea on which nymphs feed exclusively on the developing flower buds and later on the opened inflores- cences. Inflorescences of many plant species are available only briefly each season, and flower-feeding insects sometimes must utilize other resources to complete their development. Adults of L. atrinotatus, however, appear well before full bloom of H. arborescens so that no resource switching, e.g. to vegetative tissue, appears necessary. DESCRIPTIONS OF ADULT AND FIFTH-INSTAR NYMPH Adult male.—Length 5.42—5.83 mm (X = 5.48 mm, n = 4). Head testaceous, apex of tylus fuscous. Antenna fuscous, except for pale lst segment. Rostrum reaching middle of metacoxa. Pronotum testaceous with a large, quadrate, fuscous spot behind each callus. Scutellum uniformly testaceous. Hemelytron testaceous 30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON with clavus, except lighter brown median line and apical ’3 of corium and emboli- um, fuscous; membrane fumate, veins pale testaceous. Venter testaceous to green- ish yellow, sides of thorax and abdomen and genital segment fuscous. Legs tes- taceous; metafemur infuscated on apical 12; tibial spines brown without distinct spots at bases. Adult female.—Length 5.33-5.83 mm (xX = 5.64 mm, n = 7). Similar to male in color and general appearance. Remarks. — Adults of L. atrinotatus are very similar to knighti in general appear- ance, but atrinotatus can be separated by the pale first antennal segment (rather than fuscous) and by the much larger and more distinct quadrate spot behind each callus. Male genitalia are quite distinct. In atrinotatus the left paramere is typically L-shaped without lateral processes, and the right paramere has the apical arm curved downward and perpendicular to the base; in knighti, the left paramere has two lateral processes, and the apical arm of the right paramere is directed upward and parallel to the base. Kelton (1971) figured the parameres for knighti, and Knight (1917) figured them for atrinotatus. Lygocoris atrinotatus is also similar to L. canadensis var. binotatus Knight in having large quadrate spots behind the calli, but the genital parameres of the variety binotatus are of the same form as canadensis Knight and more similar to knighti than to atrinotatus. Fifth-instar nymph (Fig. 2).—Length 3.75-4.17 mm (xX = 4.06 mm, n= 6). General coloration creamy white with head, anterior 2 of pronotum, and middle of abdominal terga tinged with green. Wing pads pallid with interior margins, outer basal margins, and apices infuscated; claws and apices of tarsi fuscous; apical ’2 of metafemur infuscated. Antennal segments II-IV and tibiae sometimes more testaceous. Entire dorsum and appendages sparsely clothed with short, recumbent, dark-brown setae. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Weare grateful to T. E. Wolf (Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Altoona) for his help in sampling L. atrinotatus. Linda Butler (Department of Entomology, West Virginia University, Morgantown) and C. A. Triplehorn (Department of Entomology, Ohio State University, Columbus) kindly lent specimens from col- lections in their care. We also thank C. L. Smith (Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens) for supplying data from a Georgia specimen, and E. R. Hoebeke (Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York) for reading the manuscript. LITERATURE CITED Barr, T. C., Jr. 1969. Evolution of the (Coleoptera) Carabidae in the southern Appalachians. Pp. 67-92. In Holt, P. C., ed., The distributional history of the biota of the southern Appalachians. Part I: Invertebrates. Va. Polytech. Inst. Res. Div. Monogr. 1. Blauch, D. S. 1975. Toward a natural delineation of the area known as the southern Appalachian Highlands. Castanea 40: 197-201. Cooper, A. W. and J. W. Hardin. 1970. Floristics and vegetation of the gorges on the southern Blue Ridge escarpment. Pp. 291-330. Jn Holt, P. C., ed., The distributional history of the biota of the southern Appalachians. Part II: Flora. Va. Polytech. Inst. Res. Div. Monogr. 2. Dirr, M.A. 1977. Manual of woody landscape plants: Their identification, ornamental characteristics, culture, propagation and uses. Stipes Publishing Co., Champaign, Ill. 536 pp. Gleason, H. A. and A. Cronquist. 1963. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. D. Van Nostrand Co., Princeton, N.J. 810 pp. VOLUME 85, NUMBER | 31 Henry, T. J. and C. L. Smith. 1979. An annotated list of the Miridae of Georgia (Hemiptera- Heteroptera). J. Ga. Entomol. Soc. 14: 212-220. Holt, P.C.,ed. 1969. The distributional history of the southern Appalachians. Part I: Invertebrates. Va. Polytech. Inst. Res. Div. Monogr. 1: 1-295. Kelton, L.A. 1971. Review of Lygocoris species found in Canada and Alaska (Heteroptera: Miridae). Mem. Entomol. Soc. Can. 83: 1-87. Knight, H. H. 1917. A revision of the genus Lygus as it occurs in America north of Mexico, with biological data on the species from New York. Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. 391: 555— 645. Leston, D. 1952. On certain subgenera of Lygus Hahn 1833 (Hem., Miridae), with a review of the British species. Entomol. Gaz. 3: 213-230. Watson, S. A. 1928. The Miridae of Ohio. Ohio Biol. Surv. Bull. 16: 1-44. Wheeler, A. G., Jr. 1980. First United States records of Lygocoris knighti (Hemiptera: Miridae). Entomol. News 91: 25-26. Wheeler, A. G., Jr.and T. J. Henry. 1974. Tropidosteptes pacificus, a western ash plant bug introduced into Pennsylvania with nursery stock (Hemiptera: Miridae). U.S. Dep. Agric. Coop. Econ. Insect Rep. 24(30): 588-589. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 85(1), 1983, pp. 32-35 THE GENUS BROMELOECIA SPULER IN NORTH AMERICA (DIPTERA: SPHAEROCERIDAE: LIMOSININAE) S. A. MARSHALL Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2WI1, Canada. Abstract.—The genus Bromeloecia is revised for North America. Two new species are described, B. seltzeri from the eastern United States and B. tarsiglossa from Arizona. Bromeloecia was erected by Spuler (1923), as a subgenus of Leptocera (Olivier), to contain a single Mexican species, Limosina bromelarium Knab and Malloch. The genus Leptocera as treated by Spuler is equivalent to the subfamily Limo- sininae Frey (=Leptocerinae sensu Hackman, 1969; see Rohacek, in press). Bro- meloecia, along with other former subgenera of Leptocera, is best treated as a genus. Its affinities with other Limosininae are not clear, but its most probable sister-group is Trachyopella Duda with which it shares unusually long postocellar bristles, minute size, a divided female tergite 8, and a simple male sternite 5. Bromeloecia Spuler, 1923: 375 Type-species.— Limosina bromelarium Knab and Malloch, 1912: 413. Generic diagnosis.— Very small (approx. 1.0 mm long), brown flies. Wing (Fig. 9) with R2+3 very short, running almost directly to wing margin; R4+5 running to 73, then turning abruptly to costa; costa not bypassing R4+5; crossveins r-m and m-cu close together, near base of wing; alula narrow. Face and lower frons tuberculate. Postverticals small, much smaller than the large parallel or divergent postocellars. Midtibia with 2 anterodorsal bristles on proximal '2, a long preapical posterodorsal and shorter preapical anterodorsal and an apicoventral. Male post- abdomen small, surstyli subovate without spines or lobes; cerci with ventral processes. Female tergites reduced, tergite 7 straplike, tergite 8 split into 2 lateral sclerites. Three spermathecae, invaginated apically. The North American Bromeloecia form a monophyletic group differing from B. bromelarium and other (undescribed) Neotropical species as follows: Penul- timate segment of hindtarsus of male with long process or processes; apex of cercus of male with dense hair tuft; 7th tergite of female with 2 long bristles; fifth sternite of male simple, without lobes or modified chaetotaxy; eyes small, 2X genal height or less. With the exception of the female postabdomen and the male hindtarsus, the three North American species appear almost identical. VOLUME 85, NUMBER | 33 : Bi Gele ee ; + \ surstylus’ ‘1 | ~ GS INR ans a a Fea as tiger Figs. 1-10. Bromeloecia spp. 1, 2, 6, 9, 10, B. seltzeri. 3, 7, B. winnemana. 4, 5, 8, B. tarsiglossa. 1, Male postabdomen, lateral view. 2-4, Hindtarsi. 5, Terminal portion of female abdomen. 6, 7, Female epiproct and cerci, dorsal views. 8, Spermathecae. 9, Female wing. 10, Male fifth sternite. Bromeloecia seltzeri Marshall, NEw SPECIES Figs. 12.1629." 10 Diagnosis.— Penultimate segment of hindtarsus of male with a short process which terminates in 2 long bristles (Fig. 2). Female epiproct with 2 small bristles on a central setulose area (Fig. 6). Eye minutely setulose, very little higher than cheek. Description. — Interfrontal plate narrow, bordered by 4 pairs of short interfrontal setae, the lower 2 very short. Ocellars, upper orbitals, inner verticals and post- ocellars large; lower orbitals and outer verticals smaller; postverticals very small. Orbital setulae forming a single row extending to anteroventral eye margin, orbital setulae in front of eye very long. Vibrissa long, subvibrissa minute; genae with a few small setulae only. Eye height slightly greater than cheek height. Prosternum linear; notum with 1 pair of long prescutellar dorsocentrals and | pair of short prescutellar setulae; acrostichal setulae long and sparse, forming 3—4 rows between dorsocentral areas. Scutellum rounded, slightly broader than long. Katepisternum with a small posterodorsal bristle and a minute anterodorsal setula. Midtibia with 34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON a long preapical posterodorsal, a shorter preapical anterodorsal, and very small anterodorsals at 4 and '2. Male abdomen as in Fig. 1. Types.— Holotype ¢ and allotype 2, Massachusetts, Medford, 1 1-17.vili.1969, carrion trap, A. Newton (MCZ). Paratypes: 20 6, 22 2 same as holotype; 22 9 same as holotype except in dung trap; 9 6, New Brunswick, St. Andrews, Gibson Lake, 11.vi1.978, dung/carrion traps, S. A. Marshall; one 6, New Brunswick, St. Andrews, 18.vili.1978, dead sea gull, S. A. Marshall; 1 4, 1 2, Tennessee, Hen- derson Co., Natchez Trace State Park, 1000’, 18.vi—13.vii.1972, dung trap, A. Newton; | 6, 1 2, Tennessee, Cumberland Co., 2 mi. E. of Ozone, mixed hardwood forest, 17.vi-14.vii, dung/carrion traps, A. Newton. Paratypes in the Canadian National Collection, Ottawa (CNC), the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cam- bridge, Mass. (MCZ), and the author’s collection. Bromeloecia tarsiglossa Marshall, NEw SPECIES Figs. 4, 5, 8 Diagnosis.— Penultimate segment of hindtarsus of male with a long process terminating in a setulose lobe (Fig. 4). Female epiproct reduced, without bristles (Fig. 5). Eyes bare, 2X as high as cheeks. Also differs from se/tzeri in having the lower interfrontals longer, sometimes cruciate and in having stronger anterodorsal midtibial bristles at '2 and '4. Types.— Holotype 6, Arizona, Cochise Co., Huachuca Mts., 5600’, Sunnyside Canyon, 13-19.ix.1970, dung traps in juniper/oak woodland, A. Newton (MCZ). Allotype 2, same data as holotype. Paratypes: 10 6, 12 2, Arizona, Cochise Co., Huachuca Mts., Ramsay Canyon, 5600’, ix.1971, dung traps in oak woodland, A. Newton; Cochise Co., Chiricahua Mts., 15—21.viii.1978, dung traps, O. Kukal; Santa Cruz Co., Santa Rita Mts., Madera Canyon, 5500’, ix.1972, dung traps in oak woodland, A. Newton; Santa Cruz Co., 8 mi. WNW Nogales, Walker Canyon, 3900’, ix.1972, dung traps in oak woodland, A. Newton; Pima Co., Santa Catalina Mts., Mt. Lemon Hwy., 4900’, ix.1972, dung traps in oak/juniper woodland, A. Newton. Paratypes in CNC and in author’s collection. Bromeloecia winnemana (Malloch) 1925: 97 Figs. 3, 7 Diagnosis.— Penultimate segment of hindtarsus of male with a long process (Fig. 3), terminating in 2 long bristles. Fifth segment of hindtarsus very long. Female epiproct without bristles, but centrally lobate (Fig. 7). Eyes bare, slightly less than 2X cheek height. Specimens examined.— New Jersey, Burlington Co., 3.0 mi. NNE Chatsworth, on N.J. 72, 29.viii—v.ix.1969, carrion traps in open pine/oak forest, A. Newton. Comments.—The type-series of this species was reared from fungi. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Special thanks are due to A. F. Newton, Jr. who collected much of the material on which this paper is based. LITERATURE CITED Hackman, W. 1969. A review of the zoogeography and classification of the Sphaeroceridae (Bor- boridae, Diptera). Not. Entomol. 49: 193-210. VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 35 Knab, F. and J. R. Malloch. 1912. A Borborid from an epiphytic Bromeliad (Diptera; fam. Bor- boridae). Entomol. News 23: 413-414. Malloch, J.R. 1925. Anew borborid from Maryland. (Diptera; Borboridae). Bull. Brooklyn Entomol. Soc. 20: 97. Rohaéek, J. Jn press. A monograph and re-classification of the previous genus Limosina Macq. (Diptera; Sphaeroceridae) of Europe. Part 1. Beitr. Entomol. Spuler, A. 1923. North American genera and subgenera of the dipterous family Borboridae. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 75: 369-378. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 85(1), 1983, pp. 36-40 TWO NEW SPECIES OF BITING MIDGES AND NEW COLLECTION RECORDS OF THE GENUS CULICOIDES (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE) FROM SRI LANKA FRANCIS E. GILES AND WILLIS W. WIRTH (FEG) Biology Department, Loyola College, Baltimore, Maryland 21210; (WWW) Systematic Entomology Laboratory, IIBIJI, Agricultural Research Ser- vice, USDA, 7, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. 20560. Abstract.—Two new species, Culicoides mathisi and C. roswelli, are described from Sri Lanka. Previous records of C. schultzei from Sri Lanka are corrected to C. oxystoma Kieffer. Seven additional species are reported from Sri Lanka for the first time, bringing the total number of species known from that country to 36. Recently we published a check list of the Culicoides species of Sri Lanka (Giles et al., 1981). In this list, which contains 27 species, we wrongly identified speci- mens as C. schultzei (Enderlein). We have re-examined these specimens and have identified them as C. oxystoma Kieffer. Studies of additional Sri Lanka material allow us to record the presence of the following additional ten species, two of which are new, bringing the total count of Sri Lanka Culicoides species to 36: C. arakawai (Arakawa), C. clavipalpis Mukerji, C. mathisi, n. sp., C. oxystoma Kieffer, C. pampangensis Delfinado, C. paraflavescens Wirth and Hubert, C. roswelli, n. sp., C. sigaensis Tokunaga, C. similis Carter, Ingram, and Macfie, and C. subpalpifer Wirth and Hubert. For explanation of methods of measurement and of ratios used see Giles et al. (1981). The first values presented are those of the holotype followed by the range of variation of the paratypes in parentheses. The authors thank Karl V. Krombein, Director of the Smithsonian Ceylonese Insect Project, for supplying the material used in this study, and Molly Ryan for making the illustrations. Culicoides mathisi Giles and Wirth, NEw SPECIES Fig. 1 Female holotype.— Wing length 0.92 (0.87-0.97, » = 7) mm. Head: Brownish; eyes bare, contiguous for a distance equal to diameter of 2 facets (Fig. 1f). Antennal segments 3-8 pale with apices darker, 9-15 light brown; verticils well developed on all segments; flagellar segments (Fig. 1a) with lengths in proportion of 34-24-26-28-29-28-27-28-40-44-46-46-66; antennal ratio 1.07 (1.00-1.10, » = 7); sensillar coeloconica present on segments 3, (5), 7, 9, 11-15. Palpus (Fig. 1b) brown; lengths of segments in proportion of 14-36-54-23-22; 3rd segment swollen subapically, sensory pit broad and shallow; palpal ratio 2.46 VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 37 2 oe, dT i A Alp GO WE ls ae Ge WAL ry ee Ci Sag nia PEELE 2 pai ae le a Minin . . se S (=) 0) a Fig. 1. Culicoides mathisi, female. a, Antenna. b, Palpus. c, Wing. d, Hindfemur and hindtibia. e, Spermathecae. f, Eye separation. (2.45-2.60, n = 7). Proboscis brown, moderately long, P/H ratio 0.76 (0.76—0.81, n= 7); mandible with 15 (14-16, n = 7) well-developed teeth, the proximal and distal teeth in the series slightly larger. Thorax: Dark brown, pleura paler. Legs (Fig. 1d) brown; femora slightly paler at bases; forefemur with faint subapical pale band, midfemur paler at apex, hind- femur the darkest and concolorous to apex; tibiae with subbasal pale bands; fore- and midtibiae but slightly paler at apices, hindtibia with apical pale band; hind- tibial comb with 4 spines (n = 6), the second from the spur longest. Wing (Fig. 1c): Brown with moderately prominent pale spots; pale spot over r-M crossvein extending from about midway in cell M2, expanding laterally in cell Sc and R5 to cover proximal 2 of the Ist radial cell, then narrowing to meet the costa broadly; Rs strong and dark; poststigmatic pale spot in cell R5 quadrate, covering apical 34 of 2nd radial cell and extending posterad to about 2 the width of cell R5; cell R5 with a faint pale streak emerging from the poststigmatic spot, extending distally and expanding at the wing tip to form a marginal spot; vein M2 straddled in midportion by a pale spot that divides, extends faintly as narrow streaks to apices of cells M1 and M2, expanding apically to form marginal pale spots at wing tip; the 3 apical spots meeting narrowly at the vein apices to form a contiguous pale wing tip; cell M2 with a large pale spot immediately anterad of the mediocubital fork; cell M4 with a large semicircular pale spot at wing margin; anal cell with a large distal spot extending from mediocubital stem to wing margin; base of wing with a large pale area extending about 2 the distance from the arculus to the r-m crossvein and diagonally posterad to about 2 the width of the anal cell. Macrotrichia very sparse on apical %5 of wing; costal ratio 0.61 (0.60-0.63, n= 7). Halter pale. Abdomen: Pale brown with 8th and 9th segments darker, cerci pale. Sperma- thecae (Fig. le) 2, slightly unequal, measuring 0.058 by 0.032 mm and 0.051 by 0.033 mm, oval with moderately tapering necks; rudimentary spermatheca and sclerotized ring present. Male. — Unknown. Distribution. —Sri Lanka. 38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Types. —All on slides in phenol-balsam. Holotype 2, Sri Lanka, Jaffna District, Chundikkulam Sanctuary, 25 ft., UV light, 7 Nov. 1976, coll. G. F. Hevel, R. E. Deitz IV, S. Karunaratne, and D. W. Balasooriya (Type no. 76103, USNM). Paratypes 6 2, same data as holotype. Holotype and 4 paratypes deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. (USNM); one paratype will be deposited in the Colombo National Museum, Colombo, Sri Lanka, and another deposited in the National Museum at the University of Sri Lanka at Peradeniya. Discussion.— This species is named for Dr. Wayne N. Mathis of the Smith- sonian Institution in recognition of the many courtesies shown to the senior author while on sabbatical leave at the National Museum of Natural History. The short second radial cell with pale spot covering its apex, pale spot straddling vein M2, contiguous eyes, antennal sensory pattern 3, (5), 7, 9, 11-15, broad third palpal segment with large round shallow pit, and two functional spermathecae with long slender necks place C. mathisi in the subgenus Culicoides, but its wing pattern is quite unlike other species in this taxon in the following respects: In other species of Culicoides s. str. the distal pale spot in cell R5 is usually distinct, transverse, and located well proximad of the apex of the wing, whereas in mathisi there is only a rather poorly marked pale area at the tip of the cell; in other species with distal pale spots in cells M1, M2, and M4 are usually rounded and more or less removed from the wing margin whereas in mathisi these spots have their broadest portion at the extreme wing margin, more like the condition found in the subgenus Avaritia. This species appears to belong in a distinct group of its own in Culicoides s. str. Culicoides roswelli Giles and Wirth, NEw SPECIES Fig. 2 Female holotype. — Wing length 0.93 (0.80-0.97, n = 10) mm. Head: Dark brown; eyes bare, almost contiguous, interocular space (Fig. 2f) narrowly wedge-shaped. Antenna (Fig. 2a) pale brown, verticils well developed on segments 3-10; flagellar segments with lengths in proportion of 36-20-24-23- 24-22-23-27-41-45-46-46-70; antennal ratio 1.25 (1.15-1.29, n = 7); sensilla coe- loconica present on segments 3-10, usually 2—3 per segment. Palpus (Fig. 2b) pale brown; lengths of segments (of paratype) in proportion of 5-15-27-8-11; 3rd seg- ment markedly swollen from base, sensory pit broad, shallow, located on distal %; palpal ratio 2.0 (1.59-2.0, n = 10). Proboscis brown, short, P/H ratio 0.61 (0.59-0.65, n = 10); mandible with 7 (7-9, n = 10) well developed teeth increasing in size distally. Thorax: Dark brown with paler areas on mesonotum; pleuron yellowish brown, darkening posterad. Legs (Fig. 2d) moderately dark brown; femora with broad pale basal bands; fore- and midfemora with broad pale subapical bands; fore- and midfemora with broad pale subapical bands; hindfemur dark to tip; all knee spots blackish; tibiae with broad subbasal pale bands, distal 2 pale; hindtibia slightly darkened at comb, comb with 4 (n = 10) spines, the one nearest the spur longest. Wing (Fig. 2c): Light brown with prominent pale spots; pale spot on r-m cross- vein barely covering crossvein proximally, extending from vein M1 anterad and covering °/, of Ist radial cell to broadly meet costa, a thin finger of this spot extending distally toward 2nd radial cell and below this a dark projection of vein VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 39 N te 3 i Eater Dt ne x sata Ol 16 a \ / Wir ix ea N OREN Res = N /I}). MN sete x uk Se ETT MATT C aD e€ 6M f Fig. 2. Culicoides roswelli, female. a, Antenna. b, Palpus. c, Wing. d, Hindfemur and hindtibia. e, Spermathecae. f, Eye separation. Rs extending basally into the spot; a very dark stigma extending to tip of 2nd radial cell; poststigmatic pale spot in cell R5 quadrate and extending faintly posterad to merge with pale spot over the r-m crossvein; cell R5 with a large more or less semicircular distal spot meeting wing margin, emarginate proximad and not reaching vein M1 caudad; a pale spot straddling vein M1 posterad of the poststigmatic spot to merge with a pale streak in cell M1, and merging posterad with pale spot straddling midportion of vein M2; cells M1 and M2 each with rounded distal pale spot attaining wing margin; cell M2 with a pale spot behind medial fork and a large pale spot lying in front of mediocubital fork; midway in cell M4 a large pale spot extending from vein M3 + 4 to wing margin; base of wing with pale area extending posterad from costa, covering the arculus and extending distally along anterior side of mediocubital stem; anal cell with a large pale area covering anal lobe and small round pale spot in distal portion. Macro- trichia abundant along veins and on membrane on distal '2 of wing; costal ratio 0.56 (0.54—0.58, m = 10). Halter pale. Abdomen: Brown, 10th segment and cerci pale. Spermathecae (Fig. 2e) 2, oval with long slender necks; slightly unequal, measuring 0.067 by 0.039 mm and 0.062 by 0.035 mm; rudimentary spermatheca and sclerotized ring present. Male. — Unknown. Distribution. —Sri Lanka. Types.—All on slides in phenol balsam. Holotype ?, Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura District, Hunuwilagana near Wilpattu, 200 ft., UV light, 28 Oct-3 Nov 1976, coll. G. F. Hevel, R. E. Deitz IV, S. Karunaratne, and D. W. Balasooriya (Type no. 76118, USNM). Paratypes, 31 2, same data as holotype. Holotype and 29 paratypes deposited in USNM; | paratype will be deposited in the Colombo National Museum, Colombo, Sri Lanka and another deposited in the National Museum at the University of Sri Lanka at Peradeniya. Paratype ?, Sri Lanka, Kegalle District, Kitulagala Resthouse, 3-5 Feb. 1979, UV trap, coll. K. V. Krom- bein, P. B. Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, S. Siriwardane, and T. Gunawardane (deposited in USNM). 40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Discussion. — This species is named for Dean David F. Roswell, Loyola College, Baltimore, Maryland, to acknowledge the aid and encouragement given the senior author during his sabbatical leave. Culicoides roswelli belongs in the similis group of the composite subgenus Oec- acta, where it comes closest to an undescribed species from Laos and Malaysia. The location of the pale spot lying on the distal side of the r-m crossvein, the distal pale spot lying at the extreme apex of cell R5, the absence of sensilla coeloconica on antennal segments 11-15, the stout third palpal segment with broad shallow sensory pit, and the two functional spermathecae with long slender necks are characteristic of the similis group. In that group C. similis Carter, Ingram, and Macfie has the pale spot straddling vein M2, but the new species is unique in also having a pale spot straddling vein M1 in a slightly more proximal level. In the undescribed species from Laos and Malaysia this latter spot is represented by a pale spot lying just above vein M1 in this location. LITERATURE CITED Giles, F. E., W. W. Wirth, and D. H. Messersmith. 1981. Two new species of biting midges and a check list of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from Sri Lanka. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 83: 537-543. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 85(1), 1983, pp. 41-54 NEW NEOTROPICAL SPECIES OF OXYETHIRA (TRICHOPTERA: HYDROPTILIDAE)! ROBERT W. KELLEY Department of Entomology, Fisheries and Wildlife, Clemson University, Clem- son, South Carolina 29631. Abstract.—Seventeen new species of Oxyethira from the Neotropical Region are described and illustrated. Included are four species from the Santiagensis Group (O. dactylonedys from Paraguay; O. scaeodactyla from Ecuador; O. arc- todactyla from Venezuela; O. costaricensis from Costa Rica), four species from the Macrosterna Group (O. colombiensis from Colombia and Ecuador; O. pari- tentacula from Belize; O. merga from Venezuela; O. bicornuta from Brazil), four species from the Pallida Group (O. discaelata from Venezuela and Brazil; O. spissa and O. brasiliensis from Brazil; O. circaverna from Panama and Ecuador), three species from the Aeola Group (O. vipera from Chile; O. andina from Argen- tina and Chile; O. maryae from Colombia), one species from the Azteca Group (O. parazteca from Ecuador), and one species of uncertain affinities (O. quinqua- ginta from Ecuador). The genus Oxyethira was previously known in the Neotropical Region from a total of 16 endemic species. A large proportion of these were described from faunal studies of Caribbean Isles, including Cuba (Botosaneanu, 1979), Jamaica (Flint, 1968a), Dominica (Flint, 1968b), and Puerto Rico (Flint, 1964). Similar faunal investigations have been done for Mexico (Mosely, 1939), Surinam (Flint, 1974), Brazil (Mosely, 1937), and Argentina (Flint, 1980). A total of 17 new species from throughout the Neotropical Region are described here, arranged according to species groups adapted from the study by Marshall (1979). These specimens are from a number of different collecting expeditions and have accumulated at the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. (USNM). Type-specimens are deposited in that institution. Species are described primarily on the basis of male genitalia. Morphological terms used here are adapted from the work by Nielsen (1957); the major structures are indicated in Figs. 1A, 2A. Although females have been associated for most of these species they will be described in a subsequent paper. SANTIAGENSIS GROUP This Neotropical group of Oxyethira was previously known only from one species, O. santiagensis Flint. Males of this group bear elongate, finger-like clasp- ! Technical contribution no. 2021 of the South Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, Clemson University. 42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ers. The group seems to be a sister lineage of the Macrosterna Group with which it shares in having the ninth segment elongate anteroventrally and the number of antennal segments reduced to 27-31. Four new species are described here. Oxyethira dactylonedys Kelley, NEw SPECIES Fig... | Diagnosis.— The separation of the claspers by a deep mesal excision places this species closest to O. santiagensis. It differs from that species in bearing distinct rodlike processes on segment IX, in having the subgenital plate excised distally, and in the pointed sclerotized process of the aedeagus. Description.— Male. Length 2.8 mm. Brown color in alcohol. Antenna 28- segmented. Segment VII with ventral apico-mesal process. Segment VIII deeply excised ventrally. Segment IX attenuate dorsolaterally, produced into rodlike process; dorsum lacking; extending anteroventrally to anterior end of segment VII; claspers elongate, finger-like, slightly divergent distally; dorsad of claspers segment IX produced mesally, ending in 2 pointed, divergent, mesal lobes enclosed by 2 blunt lateral lobes. Subgenital plate with distal arms fused; bilobed process present ventrally. Aedeagus membranous distally; distal, sinuate, sclerotized pro- cess present dorsally. Type-material.— Holotype 6: PARAGUAY, Amambay Dept., Rio Aquidaban, Cerro Cora. 29 Nov 1973. O. S. Flint, Jr. Paratype: same data as holotype, 1 4. Etymology. —Greek: “‘finger-belly,” referring to the long claspers, reminiscent of fingers. Oxyethira scaeodactyla Kelley, NEW SPECIES Fig. 2 Diagnosis.— Unlike O. santiagensis and O. dactylonedys the claspers in this species are proximally contiguous. It also differs in the anteroventral portion of segment IX which extends only midway into segment VII, in the deeply excised dorsum of segment VIII, and the unfused distal arms of the subgenital plate. Description.— Male. Length 3.0 mm. Brown color in alcohol. Antenna 28- segmented. Segment VII with ventral apico-mesal process. Segment VIII deeply excised ventrally and dorsally. Segment IX extending anteroventrally halfway into segment VII; dorsum lacking; dorsolaterally terminated in paired acute points; claspers finger-like, narrow, contiguous at base; dorsad of claspers segment extend- ing posteriorly, excised mesally, with short membranous processes at lateral cor- ners. Subgenital plate with distal arms blunt, unfused; bilobed process present below subgenital plate. Aedeagus short, with sclerotized band ventrally tapering to distally curved sclerotized process. Type-material.— Holotype 6: ECUADOR, Pastaza Prov., Puyo. 16 May 1977. P. J. Spangler & D. R. Givens. Paratype: same data as holotype, 1 é. Etymology. —Greek: “‘western-fingered,” suggests the species belongs in the San- tiagensis Group, with finger-like claspers, in the western part of the continent. Oxyethira arctodactyla Kelley, NEw SPECIES Fig. 3 Diagnosis. — This species is closely related to O. scaeodactyla. Both the aedeagus and the claspers closely resemble those of that species. Differences can be seen in segment IX which is complete dorsally and bears pointed dorsolateral processes. VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 43 Figs. 1-3. Male genital segments. 1, Oxyethira dactylonedys. 2, O. scaeodactyla. 3, O. arctodactyla. A, Lateral view. B, Ventral view. C, dorsal view. D, Aedeagus, dorsal view. BL = bilobed process, CL = clasper, SG = subgenital plate. Description.— Male. Length 4.0 mm. Brown color in alcohol. Antenna 28- segmented. Segment VII with ventral apico-mesal process. Segment VIII deeply excised ventrally, shallowly excised dorsally. Segment IX with dorsum a narrow band, extending anteroventrally to anterior end segment VII; claspers finger-like, narrow, proximally contiguous; dorsad of claspers meson of segment moderately excised posteriorly. Subgenital plate roughly triangular in shape, with bilobed process present ventrally. Aedeagus short with sclerotized venter tapering to a point, sharply recurved distally. 44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Type-material.—Holotype 6: VENEZUELA, Mérida State, Mucujun Valley, 19 km NE Merida. 21 Feb 1976. C. M. & O. S. Flint, Jr. Paratypes: same data as holotype, 3 é. Etymology. —Greek: “‘northern-fingered,” which relates its position as a mem- ber of the Santiagensis Group from the northern part of the continent. Oxyethira costaricensis Kelley, NEw SPECIES Fig. 4 Diagnosis.—The lateral processes on segment IX are similar to those of O. arctodactyla. However, these processes are distinctly downturned in this species whereas they are horizontal in O. arctodactyla. In addition the dorsum of segment IX is absent, unlike O. arctodactyla. Description. — Male. Length 2.9 mm. Brown color in alcohol. Number of anten- nal segments unknown. Venter VII with apico-mesal process. Segment VIII deeply excised ventrally, shallowly excised dorsally; blunt dorsolateral points present. Segment IX with venter truncate anteriorly, produced to anterior end segment VII; dorsum lacking; laterally produced into attenuate downturned processes; meson of venter moderately excised distally; claspers elongate, finger-like, not basally contiguous. Subgenital plate with distal arms fused; bilobed process pres- ent. Aedeagus membranous distally, with sclerotized venter extended into tapering point. Type-material.— Holotype 6: COSTA RICA, Heredia Prov., Los Cartagos, in stream. 24 Jun 1967. Spangler. Etymology.— Latin: “‘of Costa Rica.” MACROSTERNA GROUP Three species were previously known from this Neotropical group; O. jamai- censis Flint, O. longissima Flint, and O. macrosterna Flint. Along with the new species described below they share in having the ninth segment elongate antero- ventrally at least into segment VI and in bearing paired distal processes bordering the distal membranous region of the aedeagus. Oxyethira colombiensis Kelley, NEw SPECIES Fig. 5 Diagnosis.— The greatly elongate processes of the aedeagus indicate this species to be most closely related to O. longissima. However, these paired lateral processes appear hooklike distally and do not recurve back to their bases as in O. longissima. Description.— Male. Length 2.3 mm. Brown color in alcohol. Antenna 26- segmented. Apico-mesal process present on venter VII. Segment VIII excised half its length ventrally, excised to anterior margin dorsally. Segment IX elongate anteroventrally into segment V; dorsum lacking; dorsolateral margins acutely pointed; slightly excised posteroventrally with blunt claspers. Subgenital plate with arms fused distally such that distal margin appears 3-lobed in ventral view; 2 bilobed processes present. Aedeagus greatly elongate, its proximal end at pos- terior margin of segment II; a pair of long lateral rods present distally, hooklike at ends, membranous distomesal region stomach shaped in lateral view. Type-material.— Holotype 6: COLOMBIA, Valle Dept., Rio Raposo. Apr 1964. V.H. Lee. Paratypes: ECUADOR, Los Rios Province, Quevedo (56 km N). 28— VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 45 29 Jul 1976. 7 6. Jeffrey Cohen. COLOMBIA, Valle Dept., Rio Raposo. Aug 1965.16. Mf Ey kkce: Etymology.— Latin: “‘of Colombia.” Oxyethira paritentacula Kelley, New Species Fig. 6 Diagnosis. — This is one of several species in the Macrosterna Group in which paired dorsolateral processes are present on segment VIII. In this species these processes are stout and widely separated basally. Description.— Male. Length 2.6 mm. Brown color in alcohol. Antenna 29- segmented. Ventral apico-mesal process of segment VII truncate. Segment VIII excised to proximal end both dorsally and ventrally; paired dorsolateral processes, attenuated distally and widely separated basally. Segment IX elongate anteroven- trally into segment VI; dorsolaterally tapered into paired recurved rods; claspers blunt with deep excision between them. Subgenital plate with distal arms fused, distomesally knoblike. Aedeagus with long, tapering, lateral rods; in lateral view rods recurve dorsally. Type-material.— Holotype ¢: BELIZE, Cayo Dist., Rio Privassion, Blancaneaux Lodge. 9-11 Jul 1973. Y. Sedman. Etymology.—Latin: “‘equal feelers,” referring to the paired distolateral rods of the aedeagus, which look like tentacles. Oxyethira merga Kelley, NEw SPECIES Fig: 7 Diagnosis.—In most characters this species is similar to O. paritentacula. It differs in the forked dorsolateral processes of segment VIII, the forked lateral processes of the aedeagus, and the distolateral spines on segment VIII. Description.— Male. Length 2.2 mm. Antenna 27-segmented. Ventral apico- mesal process of segment VII truncate. Segment VIII deeply excised ventrally; 3 spines present distolaterally; dorsally the segment appears generally trilobed, the central lobe being divided distally into narrow mesal processes curving laterally and 2 processes laterad of these curving mesally. Segment IX elongate antero- ventrally into segment V; attenuated processes dorsolaterally; claspers bluntly triangular. Subgenital plate with distal arms fused and paired distal cusps sub- mesally; bilobed process present. Aedeagus long, with a pair of bifurcate disto- lateral rods. Type-material.—Holotype 6: VENEZUELA, Bolivar State, Rio Cuyuni, El Dorado. 10 Feb 1976. C. M. & O. S. Flint, Jr. Etymology.—Latin: “‘pitchfork,”’ referring to the paired, bifurcate rods of the aedeagus. Oxyethira bicornuta Kelley, NEW SPECIES Fig. 8 Diagnosis.— An aberrant member of the Macrosterna Group, this species bears a short, stout aedeagus of peculiar structure. The dorsolateral processes of segment VIII, although similar to those of O. merga and O. paritentacula, are separated by a wide tergum. Description.— Male. Length 2.3 mm. Brown color in alcohol. Antenna 27- 46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Figs. 4-6. Male genital segments. 4, Oxyethira costaricensis. 5, O. colombiensis. 6, O. paritentacula. A, Lateral view. B, Ventral view. C, Dorsal view. D, Aedeagus, dorsal view. E, Aedeagus, lateral view. segmented. Segment VII with ventral apico-mesal process. Segment VIII with sternum only slightly excised ventrally; anterolaterally sternum extended into long narrow processes, slightly widened distally; tergum touching sternum anterolat- erally. Segment IX extending into segment VII anteroventrally; laterally tapered into narrow process curving posterodorsally; claspers blunt, short. Subgenital plate with dorsal arms fused and narrowed; 2 bilobed processes. Aedeagus short, bul- VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 47 Figs. 7,8. Male genital segments. 7, Oxyethira merga. 8, O. bicornuta. A, Lateral view. B, Ventral view. C, Dorsal view. D, Aedeagus, dorsal view. E, Aedeagus, lateral view. bous; central membranous tube visible dorsally, forked distally; sclerotized lateral processes, strongly curved dorsally. Type-material. — Holotype 6: BRAZIL, Amazonas State, Igarape do Mendu, nr. Manaus. 28 Jan 1979. O. S. Flint Jr. Paratypes: BRAZIL, Flores, nr. Manaus. 31 Jan 1979. 1 6; Res. Ducke, 26 km E Manaus. 1-5 Feb 1979. 2 6. O. S. Flint, Jr. Etymology.—Latin: “‘two-horned,”’ because of the sclerotized processes of the aedeagus which are shaped like horns as seen in lateral view. 48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON PALLIDA GROUP This group is both Nearctic and Neotropical. It is closely related to the Ulmeri Group with which it shares a distinct wing character: fused R, and R;. There are two subgroups. One of these, including O. pallida (Banks), O. maya Denning, and O. alaluz Botosaneanu, is characterized by lateral processes on segment IX. Species of the other, including O. verna Ross, O. arizona Ross, and O. tega Flint, lack lateral processes on segment IX and bear a sclerotized bridge between the distal arms of the subgenital plate. New species are now added to both subgroups. Oxyethira discaelata Kelley, NEw SPECIES Fig. 9 Diagnosis.—The sclerotized bridge between the distal arms of the subgenital plate and the lateral processes of segment VIII indicate this species to be closely related to O. arizona. It can be separated on the basis of the lateral contour of segment VIII, the dorsolateral process of the subgenital plate, and the shape of the distal end of the aedeagus. Description. — Male. Length 1.8 mm. Brown color in alcohol. Number of anten- nal segments unknown. Venter of segment VII with apico-mesal process. Segment VIII short, deeply excised ventrally and dorsally; 2 acute points laterally, separated by an excision. Segment IX extending anteroventrally into segment VI; truncate dorsolaterally; dorsum not sclerotized; claspers triangular shaped and diverging. Subgenital plate with sclerotized bridge between distal arms; dorsolateral processes curving mesally; bilobed process present. Aedeagus with bulbous region proxi- mally, tapered distally to sinuous sclerotized process; sclerotized band parallel to sinuous process attached to aedeagus only by membrane. Type-material.— Holotype 6. VENEZUELA, Bolivar State, Morichal Tauca, 22 km E Rio Caura. 8-9 Feb 1976. C. M. & O. S. Flint, Jr. Paratype: BRAZIL, Amazonas State, Rio Cuieiras bei der Miindung do Rio Branquiutos, 20 Dec 1961. 1 3. Fittkau. Etymology.—Latin: “poorly covered,”’ for the lack of a sclerotized dorsum on segment IX. Oxyethira spissa Kelly, NEw SPECIES Fig. 10 Diagnosis. — This species is related to the Pallida Subgroup. It differs primarily in the shape of the posterolateral process of segment IX, which is attenuate, and the truncated anterior margin of venter IX. Description.— Male. Length 2.3 mm. Brown color in alcohol. Number of antennal segments unknown. Segment VII with apico-mesal process. Segment VIII deeply excised ventrally; 2 blunt lobes laterally. Segment IX extending antero- ventrally into segment VII; dorsum reduced to narrow band; posterolateral pro- cesses prominent, with rounded knob basally and slightly upturned distally; clasp- ers short. Subgenital plate small, downturned distally, with distal arms fused; bilobed processes present. Aedeagus simple, tapered and curved distally. Type-material.— Holotype 6: BRAZIL, Para State, Rio Cururu, area of Missao Cururu. 3—5 Feb 1961. Fittkau. Paratype: BRAZIL, Amazonas State, Rio Preto, Tiririca. 7 Jul 1962. 1 6. Fittkau. VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 49 Figs. 9-L1. Male genital segments. 9, Oxyethira discaelata. 10, O. spissa. 11, O. brasiliensis. A, Lateral view. B, Ventral view. D, Aedeagus, dorsal view. Etymology.— Latin: “‘slow,” “late” or “‘tardy,’’ because in preparing this paper, this species was one of the last to be found. Oxyethira brasiliensis Kelley, NEw SPECIES Fig. 11 Diagnosis.— The two blunt lateral lobes of segment VIII, the fused distal arms of the subgenital plate, and the truncate anteroventral margin of segment IX are 50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON all similar to O. spissa. However, the claspers are distinctly fused into a mesal triangular lobe. Description.— Male. Length 2.3 mm. Brown color in alcohol. Antenna 39- segmented. Segment VII with blunt apico-mesal process. Segment VIII complete, deeply excised ventrally; 2 blunt lobes laterally. Segment [IX extending antero- ventrally into segment VII; dorsum reduced to narrow band; lateral process curved ventrally; claspers fused into mesal triangular lobe. Subgenital plate with distal arms fused; bilobed process present. Aedeagus with sinuous process distally. Type-material.— Holotype 6: BRAZIL, Para State, Rio Cururu, area of Missao Cururu. 3-5 Feb 1961. Fittkau. Paratype: same data as holotype, 1 é. Etymology.—Latin: ‘“‘of Brasil.” Oxyethira circaverna Kelley, NEw SPECIES Fig. 12 Diagnosis. — Although this species lacks the sclerotized bridge between the distal arms of the subgenital plate, it resembles O. verna Ross and O. arizona Ross in the dorsolateral processes of segment VIII and the anterolateral elongation of the same segment into segment VII. Description. — Male. Length 2.6 mm. Brown color in alcohol. Number of anten- nal segments unknown. Segment VII with ventral apico-mesal process. Tergum VII with ventrolateral, upturned, hooklike processes, bifurcate distally; sternum with dorsolateral spatulate processes; ventrolateral edges of segment produced anteriorly into segment VII. Segment IX extended into segment VI anteroven- trally; dorsum a narrow band; claspers short, parallel, narrowly separated. Subgen- ital plate with distal arms unfused, diverging. Aedeagus produced into 2 long distal processes, partly entwined. Type material.— Holotype 6: PANAMA, Canal Zone, Madden Dam. 10-13 Jul 1967. O. S. Flint, Jr. Paratype: ECUADOR, Napo Prov., Puerto Montufar. 29 Apr 1976 1 6. J. Cohen. Etymology.— Latin: “‘near verna,” named for its similarity to O. verna. AEOLA GROUP Although most species of this group are Nearctic, one previously known species, O. bidentata (Mosely), shares the characteristic dorsolateral rodlike processes of the group. Two new species, closely related to O. bidentata, are now described. All three of these species are found in the southern Andes. Closely related to this group is another group of species including O. dualis Morton, O. obscura Flint, and O. sininsigne Kelley. A new species of this group is described here as well. Oxyethira vipera Kelley, NEw SPECIES Fig. 13 Diagnosis.—In both the presence of dorsolateral rodlike processes of segment IX and the bilobed distolateral margin of segment VIII, this species is similar to O. bidentata. However, the dorsolateral rods are flattened. Furthermore, venter IX is pointed anteroventrally rather than excised between the bases of the rods. Description.— Male. Length 3.3 mm. Brown color in alcohol. Antenna 34- segmented. Venter VII with apico-mesal process. Segment VIII bilobed laterally; deeply excised ventrally. Segment IX protruded anteriorly into segment VII; dor- VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 51 Figs. 12-14. Male genital segments. 12, Oxyethira circaverna. 13, O. vipera. 14, O. andina. A, Lateral view. B, Ventral view. C, Dorsal view. D, Aedeagus, dorsal view. E, Aedeagus, lateral view. solateral margins extended into a pair of flattened processes subtending the mesal margins of dorsolateral processes of segment VIII; claspers fused medially with distal margin blackened. Subgenital plate with distal arms mesally fused into nipple-shaped point; bilobed process long. Aedeagus widened and upturned dis- tally. Type-material.— Holotype 6: CHILE, Valdavia Prov. S of Valdavia. 23 Oct 1969. Flint and Barria. 52 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Figs. 15-17. Male genital segments. 15, Oxyethira maryae. 16, O. parazteca. 17, O. quinquaginta. A, Lateral view. B, Ventral view. C, Dorsal view. D, Aedeagus, dorsal view. Etymology. — Latin: “‘snake,’’ because the aedeagus is distally shaped like a snake in dorsal view. Oxyethira andina Kelley, New SPECIES Fig. 14 Diagnosis.— This species bears the dorsolateral rods of segment IX found in O. bidentata and O. vipera as well as having the claspers fused mesally. It is distinct in that the rods are not bilaterally symmetrical. VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 53 Description.— Male. Length 2.7 mm. Brown color in alcohol. Antenna 38- segmented. Apico-mesal process on venter VII elongate. Segment VIII bilobed laterally; deeply excised ventrally. Segment IX truncate anteriorly; laterally pro- duced into broadly rounded lobe; dorsum lacking; anterior dorsolateral margins produced into elongate asymmetrical rods which cross posteriorly; claspers fused mesally. Subgenital plate with distal arms fused forming nipple-shaped process: bilobed process elongate. Aedeagus membranous distally, sclerotized band ven- trally. Type-material.— Holotype 6: ARGENTINA, Rio Negro Prov., Rio Guillelmo, Villa Mascardi. 6 Feb 1974. O. S. Flint, Jr. Paratypes: Neuquén Prov., Lago Rucachoroi, W. Alumine. 1-2 Mar 1978. 1 6. C. M. & O. S. Flint, Jr. CHILE, Llanquihue Prov., Petrohue. 10 Mar. 1959. 4 6. J. F. Clarke. Etymology.— Latin: ““Andean.” Oxyethira maryae Kelley, NEw SPECIES Big. 15 Diagnosis.— The shapes of the dorsum of segment IX and the aedeagus, as well as the unfused arms of the subgenital plate are close to those of O. sininsigne Kelley. However, the claspers are distinctly shaped and segment VIII is shorter in length than for O. sininsigne. Description.— Male. Length 2.1 mm. Brown color in alcohol. Antenna 27- segmented. Apico-mesal process on venter VII. Segment VIII with posterolateral margin somewhat irregular; venter shallowly excised. Segment IX rounded antero- ventrally; dorsum a narrow band; claspers truncate, with distolateral edges pro- duced into points. Subgenital plate with distal arms nearly fused; bilobed process present. Aedeagus short, distally membranous, with sclerotized ventral band. Type-material.— Holotype 6: COLOMBIA, Meta Dept., Refugio Macarena. 10 Jan 1966. C. J. Marinkelle. Etymology.— This species is named for my daughter, Mary. AZTECA GROUP Previously known Neotropical species of this group are O. azteca (Mosely), O. Janella Denning, O. glasa (Ross), O. puertoricensis Flint, O. quelinda (Botosa- neanu), O. dalmeria (Mosely), and O. zilaba (Mosely). They are characterized by an elongate subgenital plate, often subtended by a triangular, partially sclerotized, mesal plate. One new species is now added. Oxyethira parazteca Kelley, NEW SPECIES Fig. 16 Diagnosis.— This species seems to be most closely related to O. azteca and O. dalmeria. It can be readily separated on the basis of the distal upcurved arms of the subgenital plate and the paired, entwined distal lobes of the aedeagus. Description. — Male. Length 2.5 mm. Brown color in alcohol. Number of anten- nal segments unknown. Segment VII with ventral apico-mesal process. Segment VIII ventrally cleft to anterior margin; bluntly excised dorsally; truncate lobe ventrolaterally. Segment IX lacking dorsum; dorsolateral processes curved pos- terodorsally; extending anteroventrally into segment VII; claspers short. Subgen- ital plate with distal arms unfused and with distal ends curving dorsally; acu- 54 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON minate, partly sclerotized mesal plate present ventrally to subgenital plate. Aedeagus with paired, entwined, tapering distal lobes. Type-material.— Holotype 6: ECUADOR, Cotopaxi Prov., Latacunga (133 km W) 1080’. 2 Jul 1975. At blacklight. Langley & Cohen. Paratype: same data as holotype, 1 2. Etymology.—Latin: “like azteca,’’ because of the similarity of this species to O. azteca. INCERTAE SEDIS Oxyethira quinquaginta Kelley, NEw SPECIES Fig. 17 Diagnosis.—In many respects this species is aberrant. Aberrations include the elongate process of segment VII, the vestigial claspers, the asymmetrical distal arms of the subgenital plate, and the number of antennal segments. Its position within the genus remains unclear. Description.— Male. Length 3.3 mm. Brown color in alcohol. Antenna 50- segmented. Segment VII with elongate ventral apico-mesal process. Segment VIII with urn-shaped excision ventrally; tapered to truncate process laterally. Segment IX completely withdrawn within abdomen; extending anteroventrally into seg- ment VI; dorsum reduced to narrow band; posteroventral margin irregular with claspers vestigial. Subgenital plate with left distal arm broad distally and right distal arm tapered to point. Aedeagus with long, paired distal processes. Type-material.—Holotype 6: ECUADOR, Pastaza Prov., Puyo, riverside at blacklights. 29 May 1975. Cohen & Langley. Paratype: Pastaza Prov., Puyo (27 km N), Estacion Fluviometrica. 4 Feb 1976. 1 6. Spangler et al. Etymology.—Latin: “‘fifty,”” the number of antennal segments. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Oliver Flint, Jr. has been of great help both in the loan of the specimens de- scribed in this paper as well as preliminary identification of many of the specimens as new species. The aid of John Morse in reviewing the paper is also appreciated. LITERATURE CITED Botosaneanu, L. 1979. The caddis flies (Trichoptera) of Cuba and of the Isla de Pines. Stud. Fauna Curacao other Caribb. Isl. 59(185): 1-62. Flint, O. S., Jr. 1964. The caddisflies (Trichoptera) of Puerto Rico. Tech. Pap. Univ. P. R. Agric. Exp. Stn. 40:1-80. . 1968a. The caddisflies of Jamaica (Trichoptera). Bull. Inst. Jam. Sci. Ser. 19: 1-68. 1968b. Bredin-Archbold Smithsonian biological survey of Dominica, 9. The Trichoptera (caddisflies) of the Lesser Antilles. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 125(3665): 1-86. . 1974. The Trichoptera of Surinam. Stud. Fauna Suriname other Guyanas 14: 1-151. . 1980. Studies on Neotropical caddisflies XX VI: New species from Argentina (Trichoptera). Rev. Soc. Entomol. Argent. 39(1—2): 137-142. Marshall, J. E. 1979. A review of the genera of the Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera). Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 39(3): 135-239. Mosely, M. E. 1937. The Brazilian Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera). Novit. Zool. 61: 217-239. . 1939. Mexican Hydroptilidae. (Trichoptera). Trans. R. Entomol. Soc. Lond. 86: 151-190. Nielsen, A. 1957. A comparative study of the genital segments and their appendages in male Tri- choptera. Biol. Skr. Dan. Vidensk Selsk. 8(5): 1-159. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 85(1), 1983, pp. 55-58 CLASTOPTERA LAENATA, FIRST EASTERN UNITED STATES RECORDS AND FIRST U.S. HOST ASSOCIATION (HOMOPTERA: CERCOPIDAE) A. G. WHEELER, JR. AND JAMES P. KRAMER (AGW) Bureau of Plant Industry, Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17110; (JPK) Systematic Entomology Laboratory, IIBIII, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, ‘/, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. 20560. Abstract.—The Neotropical spittlebug Clastoptera laenata Fowler, previously recorded in the United States from Arkansas, Illinois, and Texas, is reported from Pennsylvania and Tennessee. Notes are given on seasonal history of populations on hackberry, Celtis occidentalis L., in south central Pennsylvania. A diagnosis of the adult is provided. Based on a recent collection of the spittlebug C/astoptera laenata Fowler in Pennsylvania (by AGW) and subsequent identification (by JPK), we here provide the first eastern United States records; make the first host associations for the species in the U.S. (hackberry, Celtis occidentalis and C. laevigata Willd.); and give notes on the seasonal history in south central Pennsylvania. An adult diag- nosis is given to facilitate recognition of this species in the cercopid fauna of eastern North America. Clastoptera laenata FOWLER The genus Clastoptera Germar often exhibits intraspecific variation, and the naming of numerous varieties and subspecies by early workers contributed to an unstable classification. Before the revisionary work of Doering (1929, 1941), nomenclature was confused and species identification difficult. Fowler (1897) noted that because members of the genus vary so much in coloration “‘it is almost impossible to distinguish them by descriptions.” One of his own species, C. laenata (Fowler, 1898), has presented such problems in interpretation. Ball (1927), uncertain about the identity of /aenata, considered it a “‘small dark form” of Fowler’s C. antica, a species Ball regarded merely as a junior synonym of the widespread C. obtusa (Say). Using Fowler’s description, Doering (1931) was able to identify specimens tentatively as C. /aenata; her determination was then con- firmed when W. E. China compared her material to the Fowler types in the British Museum (Natural History). Clastoptera laenata, described from Mexico and Central America, now has been recorded from South America, the West Indies, and the United States (Met- calf, 1962). Doering (1931) gave the first U.S. records, based on six specimens collected by R. H. Beamer and survey party in 1928: three from Bowie Co. in 56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON northeastern Texas and three from Polk Co. in southwestern Arkansas. Nixon and McPherson (1977) found a few adults on black walnut, Juglans nigra L., in southern I]linois (Massac Co.). Doering (1942) did not list a host in her compilation of plant associations for North American cercopids, and it is probable that the records of Urich (1913) from cashew and Casuarina in Trinidad were based on a misidentification of C. undulata Uhler. Both cashew and Casuarina are known hosts of C. undulata in Cuba (Metcalf and Bruner, 1944). The only definite host association for C. /aenata is that of Garcia-Martell (1974); nymphs and adults were reported to feed on the peduncles of the fruit of cacao, Theobroma cacao L., in southeastern Mexico. North American distribution.—In addition to the published records from Arkansas, Illinois, and Texas, the following records extend the known North American distribution of C. Jaenata. PENNSYLVANIA: Cumberland Co., Rt. 81, Rest Area southbound between Plainfield and Newville exits, 20 Aug. 1980 and 2, 13 July 1981, A. G. Wheeler, Jr.; Dauphin Co., Hershey, 30 June 1981, A. G. Wheeler, Jr. TENNESSEE: Knox Co., Knoxville, Univ. Tenn. Agric. Cam- pus, 15-17 July 1982, A. G. Wheeler, Jr. Voucher material has been deposited in the collections of the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Harrisburg, and the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. Host plants and seasonal history.— Hackberry, Celtis occidentalis, was the host of C. laenata for all Pennsylvania collections, apparently representing the first association of a spittlebug with Ce/tis in North America. Moser (1965) did not find any cercopids during an ecological study of hackberry insects in New York. The Tennessee specimens (nymphs and adults) were taken on sugarberry, C. laevigata. ; When this cercopid was first discovered (20 Aug. 1980), a few teneral adults were collected, and spittle masses containing late-instar nymphs were observed on fruit stalks (pedicels) of a mature tree. To learn more about the seasonality of this species, periodic collections were made from the same tree during 1981. At Hershey, supplemental collections and observations were made weekly or biweekly from late May to early July and irregularly into September. During May and June, spittle masses (only one or two because of the small population available) were collected on each sample date. The five nymphal stages mentioned in the notes on phenology that follow were delineated by sorting under a stereoscopic microscope and confirmed by measuring greatest width of head capsules, including the eyes. The head capsule width of the first-instar nymph is 0.30-0.32 mm (n = 3); the second, 0.44 mm (2); the third, 0.64-0.70 mm (3); the fourth, 1.00-1.10 mm (11); and the fifth, 1.60 mm (1). First-instar nymphs were found in tiny masses of spittle on petioles during the last week of May. The finding of early instars in the apparent absence of adults suggests that C. /aenata overwinters in the egg stage. First- and second-instar nymphs were present on 2 June, with third and fourth instars found one week later; arandom sample contained one third and seven fourth instars. Spittle masses nearly always harbored two and sometimes three nymphs, with two stages often represented. The 16 June sample again contained both third- and fourth-instar nymphs, and by 23 June the first fifth-instar nymph was found. Teneral adults were collected on 30 June, and late-instar nymphs were still common. Nymphs were observed until early July. VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 57 Fig. 1. Distinctive markings on pronotum of Clastoptera laenata. A, Six black spots on anterior margin. B, Spots and transverse band across middle. From the collection of teneral adults and presence of first instars in late August 1980, it was thought that a second generation would develop in late summer 1981. No spittlebugs, however, were observed after mid-July. It is possible that C. laenata is bivoltine only in certain years, as has been implied for the pecan spittlebug, C. achatina Germar: “‘Two generations frequently occur in Michigan” (Hanna and Moore, 1966). It is also possible that only a few of the eggs laid during July hatch in late summer and that the majority overwinter; such a small second generation occasionally is found in certain juniper plant bugs (Wheeler and Henry, 1977). Another possibility is that a second generation was present in August 1981 but only on the uppermost, out-of-reach portions of hackberry. Additional obser- vations and collections will be necessary to clarify the voltinism of these popu- lations. Species Diagnosis. — Males of /aenata are easily distinguished from other U.S. clastopterans by their pronotal markings; there are 6 black spots on the anterior margin and a black transverse band across the middle which is often broken to form 4 transverse dashes (Fig. 1). The hind margin of the pronotum is variably darkened. Females are similarly marked, but the pronotal spots and band are a less contrasting pale shade of brown. As is usual in the genus, females are larger than males; females range from 3.56 to 4.20 mm (X = 3.88 mm, n = 4) and males 3.40 to 3.50 mm (xX = 3.45 mm, n = 2) in the population from Pennsylvania. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank J. F. Stimmel, Bureau of Plant Industry, Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Harrisburg, for the photographs. LITERATURE CITED Ball, E.D. 1927. The genus Clastoptera in the Americas south of the United States. Bull. Brooklyn Entomol. Soc. 22: 222-225. 58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Doering, K.C. 1929. The genus Clastoptera in America north of Mexico. Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull. 18: 5-153(1928). 1931. Some biological notes on the Cercopidae north of Mexico (Homoptera). J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. 4: 48-51. 1941. A revision of two genera of North American Cercopidae (Homoptera). J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. 14: 102-134. 1942. Host plant records of Cercopidae in North America, north of Mexico (Homoptera). J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. 15: 65-92. Fowler, W. W. 1897-98. Order Rhynchota. Suborder Hemiptera-Homoptera. (Continued). Biologia Centrali-Americana 2: 185-200, 201-216. Garcia M., C. 1974. Primer catalogo de insectos fitofagos de Mexico. Fitofilo 27(69): 1-176. Hanna, M. and T. E. Moore. 1966. The spittlebugs of Michigan (Homoptera: Cercopidae). Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci. Arts Lett. 51: 39-73. Metcalf, Z. P. 1962. Fascicle VII. Cercopoidea, Part 4. Clastopteridae, pp. 1-59 in General catalogue of the Homoptera. Metcalf, Z. P. and S. C. Bruner. 1944. The Cercopidae of Cuba. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 60: 109- 128. Moser, J.C. 1965. The interrelationships of three gall makers and their natural enemies, on hackberry (Celtis occidentalis L.). Bull. N.Y. State Mus. Sci. Serv. 402: 1-95. Nixon, P. L. and J. E. McPherson. 1977. An annotated list of phytophagous insects collected on immature black walnut trees in southern Illinois. Great Lakes Entomol. 10: 211-222. Urich, F. W. 1913. The sugar cane froghopper (Tomaspis varia Fabr.) and biological notes on some cercopids of Trinidad. Trinidad and Tobago Dep. Agric. Circ. 9: 1-32. Wheeler, A. G., Jr. and T. J. Henry. 1977. Miridae associated with Pennsylvania conifers 1. Species on arborvitae, false cypress, and juniper. Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. 103: 623-656. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 85(1), 1983, pp. 59-63 TWO NEW SPECIES OF PYRALIDAE (LEPIDOPTERA) FROM TEXAS ANDRE BLANCHARD AND EDWARD C. KNUDSON (AB) 3023 Underwood, Houston, Texas 77025; (ECK) 804 Woodstock, Bellaire, Texas 77401. Abstract.—Two new moths of the family Pyralidae are described from Texas, Petrophila heppneri (subfamily Nymphulinae) and Eoreuma arenella (subfamily Crambinae). The imagines and male and female genitalia are figured. The first species described below, Petrophila heppneri, was taken first by the senior author and recognized as new following the publication of the MONA fascicle on the Nymphulinae by Munroe (1972). The junior author later obtained a series of this insect, and still later, received a reprint from Heppner, which indicated that he had previously taken this species in Texas. Heppner (1976), recognized his specimens as new, but had only female examples. The second species, Eoreuma arenella, is described from a series taken by the senior author on North Padre Island, Texas. Petrophila heppneri Blanchard and Knudson, NEw SPECIES Figs. 1-6 Description.— Head: Front and vertex ochreous white. Maxillary palpus fili- form, ochreous white, exceeding front by '2 eye diameter. Labial palpus ochreous white with some fuscous scales laterally, slightly upturned, exceeding front by 1 eye diameter. Tongue ochreous white. Antenna simple, shortly pubescent in male. Scape whitish, flagellum alternating whitish and fuscous. Thorax: Patagia and mesonotum ochreous white. Tegula brownish. Abdomen: Ochreous white with brownish spots along middorsum. Forewing: Ground white with fuscous, orange, and silver maculation. Basal 4 heavily dusted with fuscous over costal '2, mainly white over dorsal 2. Antemedial fascia fuscous mixed with orange scales, bordered inwardly with white, and out- wardly with white, followed by a dark fuscous line. Antemedial fascia and inner white border straight and slightly angled inwardly from costa. Outer white border and fuscous line produced over cell margins into 2 outwardly directed dentations. Beyond this, ground heavily overlain with fuscous, concentrated toward costa, and extending to apical fasciae and tornal patch. Reniform prominent, pale orange, with a dark fuscous border. Tornal patch orange, with a small silver spot at its dorsal margin. Terminal band orange, narrowly joined to tornal patch. Over apical portion, basad of terminal band, are 3 wedge-shaped fasciae, each broadest at costa. Outer wedge white, with silver patch at apex. Middle wedge orange and inner wedge white. Fringe fuscous, lighter outwardly, except for a small white patch opposite silver tornal spot. 60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON =) Figs. 1-6. Petrophila heppneri. 1, Male holotype, Kerr Co., Texas 10 miles west of Hunt, 1-IX- 80. 2, Female paratype, Colorado Co., Texas, Eagle Lake, 27-IV-78. 3, Male genitalia of paratype from Slide ECK 358, Kerr Co., Texas, Kerrville, 15-V-82. 4, Enlargement of preparation in Fig. 3. 5, Aedeagus, with portion of anellus and juxta attached, from holotype, slide ECK 355. 6, Female genitalia of paratype, from slide A.B. 3955, Kimble Co., Texas, Junction, 16-IV-74. The lines in Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6 represent 0.5 mm. Hindwing: Ground white with no fuscous scaling basad of antemedial fascia. Antemedial fascia from anal angle to near costa, fuscous, with predominantly orange scaling centrally. Outwardly, antemedial fascia bordered by white, and further, by a fuscous line, which begins at anal angle and extends outwardly to near lower end of outer margin, from where it is angled upward, extending to near, but not reaching, costa. Beyond this, subapical ' heavily dusted with black scales, which do not extend to inner margin. Subterminal row of 5 intense black spots, preceeded by an orange shade, and separated by 5 metallic silver spots. At varying degrees of light incidence, silver spots show purplish or greenish irides- VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 61 cence. Just basad of lowest black subterminal spot is a larger, dull silver patch. Along termen are 6 black and 4 orange bars, 2nd black bar from apex being weakest and 3rd being strongest. Between 2nd and 3rd black bars, there is no orange, but rather a continuation of adjoining silver spot. Fringe fuscous, lighter outwardly. Length of forewing: Male: N = 12, 4.3-7.1 mm, average 5.8 mm; female: N = 20, 4.8-9.4 mm, average 6.9 mm. Male genitalia (Figs. 3-5): Fig. 3 of entire genitalia; Fig. 4 an enlargement of same to show appearance of region of anellus with aedeagus in situ. Two linear mats of fine spines seen on anellus and 2 thornlike cornuti seen on outer surface of, and parallel to, aedeagus. Fig. 5 of a removed aedeagus from holotype. A portion of anellus, bearing 2 rows of spines and juxta still attached. Two cornuti seen in an erected postion, perpendicular to aedeagus. Female genitalia (Fig. 6): Ductus bursae joined asymmetrically to ostium bur- sae. Bursa lacking signum. Holotype.—é, Kerr Co., Texas, 10 miles west of Hunt, 1-I1X-80, genitalia slide ECK 355, collected by E. C. Knudson and deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. Paratypes.—Same data as holotype, 3 2; same locality, 22-VIII-81, 3 3, 6 2; Kerr Co., Texas, Kerrville, 15-V-82, 1 4, 1 9, all collected by E. C. Knudson; Blanco Co., Texas, Pedernales Falls St. Pk., 4-V-73, 5 3, 9 2; Kimball Co., Texas, Junction, 3-IV-68, 1 4; 16-IV-74, 1 9; 18-IV-74, 4 2; Colorado Co., Texas, Eagle Lake, 27-IV-78, 1 2, all collected by A. & M. E. Blanchard; Kerr Co., Texas, Kerrville St. Pk., 16-VII-74, 3 2, collected by J. B. Heppner. Remarks. — Petrophila heppneri is included in a group of mainly smaller species in which the ductus bursae is joined asymmetrically to the ostium. It is distin- guished from the other members of this group by the absence of spines in the bursa copulatrix. The moth is very similar to Petrophila santafealis (Heppner) (1976), which differs in having most of the orange markings replaced by fuscous. Petrophila santafealis is known only from central Florida. The species in the genus Petrophila Guilding have until recently been assigned to Parargyractis Lange. The new species is named for Dr. John B. Heppner, who first reported its existence in the literature. Eoreuma arenella Blanchard and Knudson, NEw SPECIES Figs. 7-12 Description.— Head: Front rounded. Front and vertex light buff. Maxillary palpus brushlike, light buff, exceeding front by 1 eye diameter. Labial palpus light buff with some fuscous scaling laterally, exceeding front by 4 eye diameters. Antenna simple, thicker in male. Scape light buff with blackish brown spot on inner surface. Flagellum scaled on dorsal surface, light buff, unscaled on lateral and ventral surfaces, pubescent, dark brown. Thorax: Light buff with darker scales at base of patagia. Abdomen: Light buff. Forewing: Ground color shining light brownish gray with veins outlined in creamy white. Costa narrowly creamy white. Intervenular spaces lightly scaled with white. Black intervenular spots at termen. Fringe of 3 scale rows, each row 62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Figs. 7-12. Eoreuma arenella. 7, Male holotype, Padre Island Nat. Seashore, Texas, 19-VII-76. 8, Female paratype, same locality, 8-VI-78. 9, Male genitalia, dorsal view, tegumen, uncus, and gnathos removed, from slide ECK 363, same locality, 20-V-79. 10, Aedeagus of paratype, same preparation as Fig. 9. 11, Tegumen, uncus, and gnathos of paratype, same preparation as Fig. 9. 12, Female genitalia of paratype, lateral view, from slide A.B. 5090, same data as Fig. 2. The lines in Figs 10, 12 represent 1.0 mm. Figs. 9, 10, 11 are the same scale. buff at base, mid-portion brown, apex whitish. Small dark brown discal spot variably present. Female differs from male in having more elongate forewing with ground color warmer light brown, otherwise like male. Hindwing: Shining brownish white, veins pure white. Fringe white with faint brown terminal line. Length of forewing: Male: N = 20, 7.4-10.7 mm, average 9.3 mm; female: N = 2, both 10.3 mm. Male genitalia (Figs. 9-11): Fig. 9 a dorsal view of genitalia after removal of VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 63 aedeagus, tegumen, gnathos, and uncus. Costal processes of valvae asymmetrical, dextral process (shown on left in figure), with 2 arms, dorsal arm consistently much shorter and heavily setose. Fig. 10 of removed aedeagus, lateral view. Fig. 11 a lateral view of removed tegumen, gnathos, and uncus. Female genitalia (Fig. 12): Figure shows lateral view of entire female genitalia. Ovipositor lobes laterally flattened, bladelike, sparsely setose. Ductus bursae short, narrow, membranous, arising from ventral aspect of bursa. Bursa copulatrix mem- branous, without signum. Ductus seminalis from bursa near junction of ductus bursae. Seventh segmental tergite large, with striate, partially membranous portion near lateral margin. Holotype (Fig. 7).—¢, Padre Island National Seashore, Texas, 19-VII-76, with genitalia slide A. B. 3801, collected by A. & M. E. Blanchard and deposited in the National Museum of Natural History. Paratypes.—Same locality as holotype, 22-IV-76, 1 6; 19-V-76, 1 6; 24-VI-76, 1 4; 19-VII-76, 2 4; 16-VIII-76, 4 3; 8-VI-78, 10 3, 1 2; 20-V-79, 4 6. Nueces Co.., Texas, North Padre Island, 9-I[X-74, 1 6; 7-VI-78, 2 6, 1 9; 11-VI-78, 1 3, all collected by A. & M. E. Blanchard. Remarks. — Eoreuma arenella is closely related to E. densellum (Zeller), a wide- spread species, which occurs over the eastern half of Texas. Eoreuma densellum is somewhat variable in color and maculation, but generally the ground color is decidedly brown and there are usually darker brown scales in the intervenular spaces. The male genitalia are similar, but in densellum, the two arms of the costal process of the dextral valve are equal in length, or nearly so, and also nearly equal in width. According to Klots (1970), the ventral arm is usually the shorter in densellum. In arenella, this costal process is shorter and broader, with the dorsal arm markedly reduced and hirsute. In the authors’ series of arenella, there is remarkable uniformity of coloration and male genitalia. Eoreuma loftini (Dyar) has recently been found by the junior author in south and southwest Texas along the Rio Grande River. It is superficially similar to arenella, but distinguished by its conical frons and different male genitalia. The name of the new species is taken from the latin arena, meaning sand, referring to the color of the insect, which closely resembles the sands of Padre Island, where it evidently prospers. Acknowledgments The authors are extremely grateful to John B. Heppner, Smithsonian Institution, and Douglas C. Ferguson, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, for exam- ining the type-material and reviewing the manuscript. We are also grateful to the U.S. National Park Service and the Texas Department of Parks and Wildlife for their continued cooperation and assistance. LITERATURE CITED Heppner, J. B. 1976. Synopsis of the Genus Parargyractis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Nymphulinae) in Florida. Fla. Entomol. 59(f): 5-19. Klots, A. B. 1970. North American Crambidae: Notes on the Tribe Chilioni and a Revision of the Genera Eoreuma Ely and Xubida Schaus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. 78(2): 100-120. Munroe, E. 1972-73. Pyraloidea, Pyralidae (part). Jn Dominick, R. B. et al., The Moths of America North of Mexico, Including Greenland. Fasc. 13.1. Classey, London. 304 pp. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 85(1), 1983, pp. 64-68 A NEW SPECIES OF APHID (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) FROM POTENTILLA CANADENSIS’ CLYDE F. SMITH Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27650. Abstract.— Descriptions are given of the apterous vivipara, alate vivipara, and alate male of Anthracosiphon crystleae, n. sp. (Homoptera: Aphididae), collected on Potentilla canadensis L.; type-locality, Mt. Jefferson State Park, North Caro- lina. The genus Anthracosiphon was described by Hille Ris Lambers (1947: 195—- 196) for his single species A. hertae. He characterized the genus as follows: ““Ter- gum in apterae viviparae uniformly black sclerotic, in oviparae with the posterior tergites of abdomen sometimes membraneous. Hairs normal. Frontal tubercles well developed, with parallel inner sides and angular, rough inner apices. Antennae long, in apterae and alatae with rhinaria on the IIIrd segment. Siphunculi long, about cylindrical, with at their apices 5-8 rows of very well developed hexagonal reticulations, with well developed flange. Cauda shortly triangular, without con- strictions.”” Hille Ris Lambers (1947: 195) stated “*... the frontal tubercles have angular and rough inner sides, a character which does not occur in any Macrosiphum- like aphid with reticulated siphunculi, secondarily the tergum in apterae viviparae and in a lesser degree in oviparae is completely and densely black sclerotic. A similar tergum occurs in Sitobion Mordv., but there the oviparae have a mem- braneous tergum, while in the new genus also in oviparae the abdomen is covered by a black shield. The short, triangular, black sclerotic cauda is rather like that of Rhopalosiphoninus Baker and very unlike anything occurring in Macrosiphum and allied genera.” The cauda of Anthracosiphon crystleae, described below, is not “‘short and triangular” as indicated for the genus Anthracosiphon. In other respects, however, A. crystleae fits into Anthracosiphon better than any other described genus. Anthracosiphon crystleae Smith, NEw SPECIES Figs. 1A, 2A Apterous vivipara (Figs. 1A, 2A).—Color of living specimens: Reddish brown, shiny, paler around base of siphunculi; antenna and siphunculi black. Cleared specimens: Antennal segments I and IJ dark brown, remainder of antenna black, ! Paper number 8211 of the Journal Series of the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, Raleigh, North Carolina 27650. VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 65 Fig. 1. A, Head of Anthracosiphon crystleae, holotype. B, Head of A. hertae; on Potentilla palustris, Malham Tarn, Yorkshire, England, H. L. G. Stroyan. so dark it is often difficult to distinguish secondary rhinaria. Head dusky but paler than antennal segment I. Rostral IV + V as dark as antennal segment I. Coxae, trochanters, and basal portion of femora pale, distal 3-2 of femora darker, tibiae and tarsi black (tibiae may be slightly lighter on central portion). Dorsum of abdomen sclerotic, may vary with specimens. Cauda pale. 66 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Measurements (11 specimens) (all measurements in mm, first measurement represents the holotype): Body length 1.8 (1.8-2.39), width of head 0.46 (0.45-— 0.54). Antennal segment III 0.63 (0.55—0.74); IV 0.55 (0.45-0.67), V 0.47 (0.37- 0.55), VI 0.14 (0.12-0.18) + 0.84 (0.72-0.97). Metatibia 1.45 (1.28-1.78), meta- tarsomere II 0.11 (0.10-0.14). Siphunculus 0.63 (0.51-0.70). Cauda 0.26 (0.25- 0.32). Antennal segment III with 3—5 (1-6) secondary rhinaria. Setae on antennal segment III short and blunt, less than '2 diameter of base of antennal segment III. Setae on head stout, pointed, 0.03. Ventral portion of head and antennal tubercles spiculose; dorsum of head smooth. Rostrum attaining metacoxae. Ros- tral IV + V with 4 accessory setae. Lateral abdominal tubercles may be present. Dorsal abdominal setae blunt, 0.015. Tarsal chaetotaxy 3-3-3. Abdominal terga VIII with 4 (4-6) setae and an occasional medial tubercle. Siphunculus strongly imbricated apically, imbrications fading to faint denticulations basally, distal 1/6—!/7 with 6 or 7 rows of reticulations, flange distinct. Cauda bearing 7-8 setae. Alate vivipara.— Cleared specimens: Head dusky, may be darker around lateral ocelli. Antenna black, base of antennal segment III may be slightly lighter. Coxae, trochanters, and approximately basal 74 of femora light, remainder of legs dark. Anal and cubital veins of forewing shaded slightly and heavier (wider and darker) than media, abdomen pale. Siphunculus black. Cauda dusky. Measurements (10 specimens, first measurement represents an individual spec- imen): Body length 2.67 (2.10-2.67), width of head 0.50 (0.45-0.51). Antennal segment III 0.74 (0.74-0.87); IV 0.67 (0.63-0.74); V 0.58 (0.45-0.59); VI 0.18 (0.16-0.18) + 0.90 (0.70-1.00). Rostral IV + V 0.12 (0.11-0.13); metatibia 2.05 (1.70-2.05); metatarsomere II 0.11 (0.10-0.12). Siphunculus 0.70 (0.61-0.70), reticulated area 0.12 (0.10-0.13). Cauda 0.26 (0.26-0.33). Rhinaria on antennal segment III, 11-16, nearly in a single row over most of length of segment. Rostral IV + V with 7 accessory setae. Tarsal chaetotaxy 3-3- 3. Siphunculus with about 7 rows of reticulations apically, remainder of siphun- culus imbricated to slightly denticulate basally. Abdominal tergum VIII with 6 setae. Alate male.— Cleared specimens: Head dusky, slightly darker around the lateral ocelli. Antennal segment I, II, basal '/,; of III, and distal '2 of processus terminalis dusky, about same color as head, remainder of antenna black. Coxae, trochanters, and basal °/,, of femora pale, remainder of legs black. Thorax dusky. Abdomen pale. Siphunculus and cauda black. Measurements (10 specimens): Body length 2.25 (1.87—2.46), width of head 0.54 (0.50-0.54). Antennal segment III 0.74 (0.72-0.81); IV 0.70 (0.61-0.77); V 0.63 (0.55-0.69); VI 0.18 (0.16-0.19) + 1.06 (0.94—1.20). Rostral IV + V 0.12 (0.10-0.13). Metatibia 1.89 (1.60-1.98), metatarsomere I 0.12 (0.10-0.12). Siphunculus 0.50 (0.42—0.50), reticulated area 0.12. Cauda 0.18 (0.16-0.19). Antennal segment III with 32 (30-53) rhinaria, in more or less double row along entire length; antennal segment IV with 10 (10-16) rhinaria and V, with 13 (11-16), primarily on distal 2 of segment. Denticulations on ventral surface of head and antennal tubercles faint. Rostral IV + V with 4 accessory setae. Tarsal chaetotaxy 3-3-3. Abdominal tergum VIII with 4-6 setae. Cauda with 7 setae. Discussion. — Anthracosiphon crystleae differs from A. hertae in having shorter antennal setae (less than half the diameter of base of antennal segment III), darker VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 67 Fig. 2. A, Tip of abdomen of Anthracosiphon crystleae, holotype. B, Tip of abdomen of A. hertae; on Potentilla palustris, Malham Tarn, Yorkshire, England, H. L. G. Stroyan. antenna and tibiae, a lighter colored abdomen, and an elongate cauda with parallel sides (rather than triangular) (Figs. 1, 2). Type-locality.— Mt. Jefferson, Mt. Jefferson State Park, North Carolina. Types.— Holotype apterous vivipara no. 1 from collection no. 76-60, on the runners of Potentilla canadensis L., Mt. Jefferson State Park, N.C., 21 Sept. 1976, Crystle K. and Clyde F. Smith, in the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. Paratypes from the same locality (92 apterous viviparae, 52 alate viviparae, and 27 alate males), 13 Aug. 1976, coll. 76-50, C. F. Smith and M. Cermeli; 21 Sept. 1976, coll. no. 76-60, C. F. Smith and C. K. Smith; 13 Oct. 1976, coll. no. 76-74, C. F. Smith, in the National Museum of Natural History, Florida State Collection of Arthropods, North Carolina State University, Pepper collection in Frost Museum, University Park, Pa., and collection of C. F. Smith. Collections. — Additional collections on Potentilla sp. in North Carolina: High- lands, 9 June 1970, coll. no. 70-31, C. F. and C. K. Smith and C. Sullivan (Parron); on “‘Fragaria’’ (probably misidentification for Potentilla sp.), Boone, 11 Sept. 1963, coll. no. 63-147, C. F. and C. K. Smith, J. O. Pepper, A. N. Tissot; Wilkes- boro, 9 Sept. 1963, coll. no. 63-82, C. F. and C. K. Smith, J. O. Pepper, A. N. Tissot; Bamboo, 9 Sept. 1963, coll. no. 63-114, C. F. and C. K. Smith, J. O. Pepper, A. N. Tissot; Blowing Rock (Blue Ridge Parkway, Post 286), 10 Sept. 1963, J. O. Pepper. In Pennsylvania: on “wild strawberry” (probably misiden- tification for Potentilla sp.), State College, 21 June 1971, J. O. Pepper. In the North Carolina State University Collection, Pepper Collection in the Frost Mu- seum, University Park, Pa., and collection of C. F. Smith. Notes.—A special effort was made to locate oviparous females, 13 Oct. 1978 when males were found but without success. All specimens were found on the 68 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON distal half of the runners. No specimens were found near the crown of the plant. No damage to the plants was noted. Fundatrices were not found, however, the first collection was made June 9 which could be too late for them. Etymology.—Named in honor of my wife who has assisted me in collecting aphids for 45 years and who has always offered help and encouragement. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I greatly appreciate the opinions of H. L. G. Stroyan, Harpenden, Herts., England, and Louise M. Russell (retired) and Manya B. Stoetzel, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, IIBIII, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland, concerning this species. LITERATURE CITED Hille Ris Lambers, D. 1947. Contributions to a monograph of the Aphididae of Europe. Temminckia 7: 179-319. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 85(1), 1983, pp. 69-85 A REVISION OF THE GENUS PYROTA. Il. THE POSTICA GROUP (COLEOPTERA: MELOIDAE) RICHARD B. SELANDER Professor, Departments of Genetics and Development and of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801. Abstract.—The Postica Group of the genus Pyrota Dejean is defined to include the North American species P. plagiata (Haag-Rutenberg) and P. postica LeConte. The group differs from the closely related Mylabrina Group in having a bifasciate elytral color pattern and in structural characters of the antenna and male maxillary palpus. Seasonal activity, food plants, sexual behavior, and aggregating behavior of adults are considered. Predation of adults of P. postica by the asilid fly Sten- opogon abdominalis (Say) is described. The distribution of P. postica in the south- western United States and Mexico appears to be determined only partially by that of its favored food plant, Larrea tridentata; nearly complete allopatry of P. pla- giata and P. postica suggests that interaction between the species may result in a narrowing of ecological tolerances in areas of contact. Complete synonymies are given for both species of the group and both are redescribed, with quantitative analyses of variation in coloration. The Postica Group is proposed herein for the North American species Pyrota plagiata (Haag-Rutenberg) and P. postica LeConte. The group ranges from the southwestern United States to the southern end of the Central Plateau of Mexico (Fig. 1). In the adult stage it is immediately distinguished from the Mylabrina Group (Selander, 1982) in having a bifasciate, rather than trifasciate color pattern; indeed, on the basis of coloration alone, P. plagiata and P. postica are more likely to be confused with species of the Pacifica and Nobilis groups than with those of the Mylabrina Group (Selander, in press). Structurally, the Postica Group is dis- tinguished from other groups of the genus by the great length of antennal segment I, the apex of which attains or surpasses the posterior margin of the eye in the male and the middle of the eye in the female. In addition, it differs from the Mylabrina Group in having the antenna more strongly tapered and the male maxillary palpus more elaborately modified. In particular, male maxillary palpal segment III is much larger and more elongated than in any of the species of the Mylabrina Group and segment II has a distinctive triangular shape. Pyrota pla- giata differs from species of the Mylabrina Group, and at the same time resembles those of the Nobilis Group, in that the posterior marginal area of the sixth ab- dominal sternum is not curved dorsad. Behaviorally, the Postica Group is dis- tinguished from the Mylabrina Group by the fact the male folds the antennae posteriad during the posterior antennation phase of courtship (Selander, 1964; unpublished data), as in P. nigrovittata (Haag-Rutenberg); in all species of the 70 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Mylabrina Group that have been studied behaviorally, the antennae are folded to the sides or (P. terrestris Selander) directed anteriad. Still, there is little question but that the Postica and Mylabrina groups are closely related, and it is more or less arbitrary as to whether they are to be treated as separate groups or as subgroups of a common group. BIONOMICS Adults of the group appear to be more nearly diurnal than those of many species of the Mylabrina Group. Only one specimen examined (a male of P. postica) is labeled as collected at light. Seasonal activity. — Judged from collection records, the two species of the group have quite similar seasonal distributions of the adult stage. For P. plagiata the percentage distribution by month of records of adults is: June 9.7, July 58.1, August 32.2 (N = 31). For P. postica it is: May 8.2, June 24.5, July 38.8, August 22.4, September 6.1 (N = 49). Food plants.—On several occasions I have found groups of adults of Pyrota plagiata feeding on the foliage of Astragalus mollissimus in pastures and rangeland in the Davis Mountains of Texas. A specimen from Kansas Settlement, Arizona, and two specimens from Cochise, Arizona, are labeled as taken on alfalfa [Med- icago sativa]. Werner et al. (1966) reported a series of specimens from a “‘yellow- flowered composite” in the Chiricahua Mountains, and a specimen from Zacatecas was collected on Solidago. In addition, I once found an individual 15 mi. north- west of Durango, Durango, Mexico, feeding on the corolla of a species of Sphaer- alcea (Malvaceae). Larrea tridentata (creosote-bush, Zygophyllaceae) has been recorded (either as such or as L. mexicana) as the food plant of adults of Pyrota postica at five localities in Arizona, two in Texas, three in Durango, and one each in New Mexico and Chihuahua. Aggregations of ““many hundreds” of adult beetles on Larrea were recorded by Hurd and Linsley (1975). In the course of observing an aggre- gation of adults on Larrea in Durango (see below) I found that feeding was confined to the flowers and that unopened flowers were preferred. In addition to the records of P. postica from Larrea, there are two from Leguminosae: one from Melilotus alba near Portal, Arizona (three adults), and one from mesquite (Prosopis sp.) at Laredo, Texas (Werner et al., 1966). The geographic range of Pyrota postica is largely contained within that of creo- sote-bush. In Fig. 1 I have outlined the range of creosote-bush in North America, as given by Garcia et al. (1961). From the figure it is evident that most of the localities from which Pyrota postica has been recorded fall within this range or are sufficiently close to it that they are probably within the actual range of the plant. In at least two regions, however, P. postica apparently occurs in its absence. One is in southern New Mexico, where the beetle has been taken in the Sierra Blanca and Sacramento mountains at elevations up to 8000 ft., well above the altitudinal range of Larrea. The other is the Texas Gulf Coast, where two localities (Hidalgo County and Kingsville) are well outside its known geographical range. At the same time, much of the range of Larrea in North America, including the Sonoran and Mojave deserts, is not inhabited by P. postica. Sexual behavior.—Pyrota postica was one of several species treated in my study of sexual behavior in the genus Pyrota (Selander, 1964). Subsequent studies VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 71 Fig. 1. Geographic distribution of Pyrota plagiata (open circles) and P. postica (solid circles). Range of Larrea tridentata indicated by dotted line. of the behavior of P. plagiata, to be described elsewhere (Selander, unpublished data), demonstrate that the species differ with respect to the number of abdominal strokes performed by the male in the posterior phase of courtship and in other details, although, as indicated above, they agree with respect to the positioning of the male’s antennae. Enemies.— Adults of P. postica are attacked by the asilid Stenopogon (Ospri- oceris) abdominalis (Say), as described in the next section. An aggregation of Pyrota postica adults.—An enormous aggregation of adults of Pyrota postica was observed by J. C. Schaffner and myself on 13 and 14 July 1959 at a site 19 miles north of the village of Cuencamé in eastern Durango, Mexico. The locality (Fig. 2) is in an arid, rocky valley between low mountains. The vegetation, which is typical of the northern part of the Central Plateau of Mexico, consists ofa xerophytic shrub association, heavily dominated by creosote- bush, which was in flower when our observations were made. We observed the aggregation for two hours before dusk on 13 July and for two hours in the morning on 14 July. The aggregation included several thousand individuals distributed irregularly over an area of about three acres. Some creosote-bushes held concentrations of 125-150 beetles each, most had only a few beetles, and a great many lacked them entirely. Early in the observations it became apparent that the aggregation was 72 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON WAS SNL Fis . RW NEN: cave oy 4 Weg PPOs te Ys: ti cies Afi A A SS = < . q YY ‘ss a er, a Ses \-. =~ ca AG a Fig. 2. Habitat of Pyrota postica north of Cuencamé, Durango, Mexico. drifting slowly northward, parallel to the highway and against a slight breeze. Movement of individuals was accomplished entirely by flight. Movement of the aggregation as a whole was effected by a general tendency for individuals to fly in a northerly direction, not by concerted flight of uniformly oriented individuals. Flights were usually short, taking the beetles only a few feet, from one bush to another. Occasional sustained flights were observed in which beetles left the aggre- gation; these were undertaken in a very deliberate manner and were almost invari- ably in a northerly direction. Females were, for the most part, feeding on the flower buds and flowers of the creosote-bush. Many of the males were engaged in courtship. Often they would make short, hovering flights out from a bush and then back again or to a nearby bush, evidently in search of unattended females. When in flight both sexes appeared to be attracted by the sight of other beetles, and I surmised at the time that visual recognition and attraction played a large part in maintaining the cohesion of the aggregation. On several occasions we stood near a bush and observed the buildup of concentrations of beetles. As this occurred, beetles were continually flying in from nearby bushes, usually from the south. The concentrations were, however, only temporary, as the beetles soon began to disperse and to form new concen- trations elsewhere. In the process of movement of the aggregation copulating pairs and occasional single individuals were left behind. It would be interesting to determine if copulating individuals later rejoin the aggregation. On 13 July the sky was overcast, with the sun breaking through the clouds briefly at intervals. As dusk approached the frequency of flights, particularly sustained ones, increased. On the morning of 14 July the sky was partly clear when we returned to the VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 73 site at 9:00 am. By this time the center of the aggregation had moved 100 yards to the north and the beetles had become both less numerous and less active than before. Evidently the beetles had been active for at least several hours during the night, since the rate of movement of the aggregation, as assessed the previous day, was too slow to account for a displacement of 100 yards in the hours since sunrise. A conspicuous predator accompanying the aggregation was Stenopogon abdom- inalis, an asilid fly about one inch long, with a dark blue-black body and wings and an orange abdomen. The coloration suggests that of a wasp, and this effect is heightened by the fact that the flies, when not in flight, move in a halting manner and incessantly tap the folded wings against the abdomen. According to Linsley (1960), who gives a photograph of a pair of specimens, this fly is a mimic in the southwestern United States of the scoliid wasp Scolia ardens Smith. The Stenopogon was easily the second-most conspicuous insect at the locality, numbering perhaps 50 individuals. Many were resting on stems of creosote-bush; others were on stones on the ground or patrolling the area in flight. We observed no actual captures of Pyrota adults, but several attacks were seen and four of the flies were found holding and feeding on adults. The attacks were made only when the beetles were moving very actively on the creosote-bush or were flying. We saw several instances of flies sitting within an inch of feeding beetles without paying the slightest attention to them. Conversely, the beetles seemed oblivious to the presence of the flies until they were actually attacked by them. An attack is made by flying rapidly and directly to the prospective prey, grasping it with the legs, and attempting to insert the proboscis into its body. If the fly cannot insert the proboscis immediately, it abandons its intended victim, never pressing the attack. Attacked beetles thrashed the legs violently, and in all observed cases freed themselves rapidly. Flies that had captured beetles held them with the head oriented forward. In one case the fly had inserted the proboscis in the base of its prey’s abdomen, between the elytra. In another the proboscis entered the dorsum of the cervical region. The bodies of captured beetles were extremely limp. Almost precisely a year later I revisited the locality. Although the creosote- bush was again in flower, I found no adults of P. postica in several hours of searching and only one of Stenopogon abdominalis. When first observed, the fly was Carrying an adult of an unidentified species of Epicauta, having inserted the proboscis into the cervical region. Stenopogon abdominalis apparently specializes in the capture of meloid beetles. It has previously been reported (generally as Osprioceris abdominalis) preying on Lytta biguttata LeConte (Cockerell, 1905), Tetraonyx fulva LeConte (Linsley, 1960), at least five species of Epicauta (Linsley, 1960; Rogers and Lavigne, 1972; Pinto, 1980), and Pyrota palpalis Champion (Selander, 1982). ADULT ANATOMY The Postica Group is characterized anatomically in the adult stage as follows: Elytral pattern bifasciate, consisting of a basal black fascia divided into an oval scutellar spot and a narrower humeral spot (rarely fused) and a large postmedian black fascia; latter fascia centered in apical '4 of elytron, usually not extending basad of middle, 5 to *% as long as the elytron (sometimes fusing with humeral spot), separated from both sutural and lateral margins. Clothing setae golden except on black areas of legs, where they are black. 74 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Head moderately triangular; cuticle shiny, smooth, finely, very sparsely punc- tate, each puncture with a minute, erect seta. Antenna strongly tapered, distally very narrow; segments subfiliform, compressed. Eye broad. Pronotum about % as wide as long, depressed on anterior 12; cuticle as on vertex. Elytron almost as shiny as head and pronotum, feebly microgranulate, finely but distinctly, densely punctate, glabrous (lacking setal punctures) on disk; costulae well marked, com- plete. Venter shiny, smooth, clothed with moderately long setae, these moderately dense on thorax, sparse on abdomen. Outer hindtibial spur greatly thickened, expanded and obliquely truncate apically, 2-3 as wide as inner spur, which is sticklike. Tarsal pads well developed, dense, undivided on fore- and midleg. Pygidium entire. Male.— Antenna more slender than in female; segment I greatly elongated, at least attaining posterior margin of eye, its length at least slightly greater than interocular distance (ID), strongly curved, broadened apically; III noticeably longer than IV, '4as wide as long, parallel-sided, more strongly compressed than following segments, strongly bowed posteriad, sinuate dorsoventrally; IV—X progressively shorter and narrower, none more than 2 as wide as long; XI very narrow; flagellar segments lacking a ventral ridge and sensory depressions. Maxillary palpal segment III greatly enlarged, elongate-pyriform, with length at least equal to ID and with ventral membranous area covering all but apex; II transverse, produced laterad, its ventral surface densely punctulate and setate. Foretarsus symmetrically expanded; midtarsus not modified. Fifth (visible) abdominal sternum not depressed, entire; sixth broadly, rather shallowly, obtusely emarginate; membranous area curved dorsad or not, covering apical *4 or less. Genitalia with gonostyli slender, parallel, not divergent distally, curving dorsad, each expanded laterad at apex; aedeagus with 2 ventral hooks of equal size; dorsal hook moderate in size, weakly curved, strongly, densely spinose. Female.— Antennal segment I attaining at least middle of eye; III % as long as I, % as wide as long, not so strongly bowed as in male. Sixth abdominal sternum shallowly emarginate medianly. KEY TO SPECIES BASED ON ADULTS 1. Antennal segment I attaining posterior margin of eye in 6, middle of eye in ?; postmedian black fascia of elytron oval, at most 74 as wide as long; elytral costulae lying in depressions, the intervals between convex ...... bane Se ierit eas oes tabes 2963 4tg cccw. 5 let] Sepa end 1 eee plagiata (Haag-Rutenberg) — Antennal segment I surpassing posterior margin of eye in 4, attaining it in ?; postmedian black fascia subquadrate, usually at least 7 as wide as long; elytral costulae not in depressions, the intervals between flat .......... Pyrota plagiata (Haag-Rutenberg) Figs..1,3, 5-6, 8. 10,12. 14 Cantharis maculata Lacordaire, 1859, pl. 60, fig. 4. [Type locality not given; type said to be in the Berlin Museum (Berg, 1881).] Lytta plagiata Haag-Rutenberg, 1880: 49. [Type locality: Mexico; lectotype (here designated), female, in the Zoologische Staatssammlung in Munich, exam- ined.] VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 75 N <7 Ey 6 a eR ee RT 2 one ™ Ppa ane sere —_ ra ' av” My i H 2 4 Sa a Figs. 3, 4. Elytra. 3, Pyrota plagiata. 4, P. postica. Cantharis lacordairei Berg, 1881: 303. [New name for Cantharis maculata Lacor- daire, not C. maculata (Say, 1823-24: 298).] Lytta divirgata: Berg, 1883: 68 (in part). Pyrota postica: Champion, 1891-93: 431 (in part: females, ““Mexico’’). Snow, 1907: 150. Denier, 1934: 64 (in part). Spieth, 1950: 20. Vaurie, 1950: 51. Pyrota divirgata: Denier, 1934: 60 (in part). Pyrota plagiata: Werner, 1954: 102-104, figs. 1-2. Werner, Enns, and Parker, 1966: 57. Description of adult.— Orange; elytra distinctly paler than head and pronotum, varying from a lighter shade of orange to nearly pure yellow. Head sometimes with a black dash or pair of small spots on front between eyes, in heavily marked individuals occasionally with two or more small spots near frontoclypeal suture; occiput usually with a pair of lateral spots and a median spot, or with these spots broadly fused, in which case the black marking may encroach on the vertex; gula usually black. Antenna with segments III—XI black; I and II usually orange, varying to black in heavily marked individuals. Labrum orange to black. Maxillary palpal segment III black, usually with one or both of the preceding segments black also. Labial palpal segment III orange to black. Pronotum with a pair of spots on disk and a spot (usually smaller) on each side, one or both sets of spots very rarely absent. Elytron with scutellar spot frequently shorter than humeral spot, the two rarely fused; postmedian fascia elongate, oval, at most *4 and usually less than '2 76 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Figs. 5-11. 5-7, Antennae. 5, Pyrota plagiata, male. 6, Same, female. 7, P. postica, male. 8, 9, Male maxillary palpi, dorsal views. 8, P. plagiata. 9, P. postica. 10, 11, Female maxillae, ventral views. 10, P. plagiata. 11, P. postica. as wide as long, usually separated from sutural margin by about same distance as from lateral margin (always so if not extended basad of middle of elytron), highly variable in relative length; the shortest fascia observed is 3 as long as the elytron, the longest more than % as long as the elytron and fused with the humeral spot. Venter with black markings variable in extent; in lightly marked individuals, thorax largely black with sclerites broadly margined with orange and first 4—5 abdominal sterna black with a wide area on each side and along posterior margin orange; in the heavily marked extreme the entire venter black. Fore- and midcoxa with or without black basal markings, the forecoxa seldom with black on anterior surface; hindcoxa broadly black laterally. Femora and tibiae usually cleanly tipped with black at apex but varying to entirely black, in which case the coxae and trochanters are black or piceous. Length: 10-25 mm. Head with ratio of distance between antennal sockets to width at tempora averaging .33 (SE = .03, N= 10); cuticle very sparsely if at all micropunctate. Eye width averaging .57 (SE = .07, N = 10) length, .87 (SE = .09, N = 10) ID. Labrum subquadrate, not strongly rounded laterally, feebly emarginate anteriorly, much more densely punctate laterally than medianly. Labium with segment III VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 7 Table 1. Ratio (X100) of length of postmedian fascia of right elytron to length of elytron in Pyrota plagiata. Area Mean, with 95% C.I. N Texas 43.0 + 8.3 4 Arizona, New Mexico 40.6 + 2.2 53 C. and S. Chihuahua A0I3 = 26 12 W. Chihuahua! 94.55 53 34 Durango, Zacatecas 55.0 + 10.8 3 Nayarit 39 ES 17 Jalisco, Morelos 53.4 + 4.0 10 San Luis Potosi’ 69.9 + 0.0 2 1 Postmedian fascia fused with humeral spot in three specimens from W. Chihuahua and in both from San Luis Potosi. In these specimens the basal limit of the fascia was set arbitrarily as the point where the sides of the fascia would converge if extended without lateral deflection. expanded, much wider than II. Pronotum with sides weakly divergent from base to anterior 1. Elytron with costulae lying in longitudinal depressions, the intervals between costulae distinctly convex. Hindtarsal segment I with pale ventral setae limited to apex or (rarely) absent. Male.— Antennal segment I with length slightly greater than ID, posterior apical margin just attaining posterior margin of eye, III 2 to % as long as I. Maxillary palpal segment III with length subequal to ID. Sixth abdominal sternum broadly, moderately deeply emarginate; membranous area weakly sloping, covering apical /;, conspicuously setate, the median setae sparser and usually shorter than others. Genitalia with gonostylus weakly expanded at apex. Female.— Antennal segment I with posterior apical margin attaining middle of eye. Maxillary palpal segment III rather heavy. Geographic distribution.—San Luis Potosi and Morelos, Mexico, north along the western margin of the Central Plateau of Mexico to southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico, with an apparently isolated population in the Davis Mountains of Texas. Apparently allopatric with P. postica except in southeastern Arizona (see discussion of that species). With the exception of Tepatate, San Luis Potosi, at an elevation of about 700 ft., the localities recorded for P. plagiata range from 4000 to 7100 ft., with most above 5000 ft. Specimens examined: 193. Records. —MEXICO: Chihuahua: 8 mi. N Gallego; 2 mi. W Pedernales; San José Babicora; Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara District. Durango: 14 mi. NE Durango; 66 mi. S Hidalgo del Parral [in Chihuahua]. Jalisco: Guadalajara; 22 mi. NW La Piedad [in Michoacan]; 10 mi. NW Magdalena; Tequila and | mi. N. Morelos: Cuautla; Cuernavaca; Xochicalco. Nayarit: Jesis Maria; La Mesa de Nayar. San Luis Potosi: 18 mi. W San Luis Potosi; Tepetate. Zacatecas: 1.5 mi. W Fresnillo. UNITED STATES: Arizona: Baboquivari Mountains; Chiricahua Mountains; Cochise; Douglas, Kansas Settlement, Cochise County; Palmerlee [=Garces]; mouth of Pinery Canyon, Chiricahua Mountains [Werner, Enns, and Parker, 1966]; 15 mi. W and 40 mi. S Portal; 12 mi. NW Willcox. New Mexico: Grant County; Silver City. Texas: Ft. Davis and 3 mi. S; Limpia Canyon, Davis Mountains; Marfa. Discussion.—The color pattern varies greatly in this species, with a generally 78 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Table 2. Variation in color pattern in Pyrota plagiata, expressed as percentage of specimens having specified characteristics. Black Marking(s) Present On ee ee feeble eee Occipital Basal Front Ant. seg. Mesepi- Spots Elytral Area of Head Labrum I-II sternum Fused Spots! Mean % N Texas 0.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 0.0 60.0 50.0 5 Arizona, New Mexico 0.0 8.9 14.3 ihe 0.0 Sil 22.9 56 C. and S. Chihuahua 0.0 8.3 2570 50.0 0.0 66.7 24.8 12 W. Chihuahua 10.3 59.0 79.4 94.9 10.2 100.0 58.9 39 Durango, Zacatecas 33:5 66.7 66.7 66.7 66.7 100.0 66.7 3 Nayarit 47.6 85.7 38.1 38.1 Silat 100.0 61.1 21 Jalisco, Morelos 60.0 80.0 90.0 40.0 50.0 100.0 70.0 10 San Luis Potosi 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 2 ! Spots on each elytron separated by a distance less than width of humeral spot. high correlation between different parts of the body with respect to the strength of development of black markings. Analyses of variation in several characters of color pattern are presented in Tables | and 2. Variation in the coloration of the abdomen can be described conveniently by use of the color classes defined in Fig. 16. All specimens of P. plagiata examined are assignable to class 5 except as follows: in the Arizona-New Mexico area, | specimen in class 3 and 2 in class 4; in the Durango-Zacatecas area, | specimen in class 6; in the San Luis Potosi area, both specimens in class 6. Through most of the range of the species the coloration of the legs is relatively stable. However, in the sample from western Chihuahua the mean extent of the apical black mark- ings of the femora and tibiae is slightly greater than in samples from adjacent regions, while the two specimens from San Luis Potosi differ from all others in having the legs entirely black. The available data indicate markedly weaker development of black markings in the population of the northern third of the range of the species (Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and central and southern Chihuahua) than elsewhere. They are not adequate to demonstrate geographic trends within either of these two large segments of range, although the fact that both specimens from San Luis Potosi show maximal development of black coloration in every character analyzed seems significant. As far as they go, the data are consistent with Gloger’s ecological rule inasmuch as black coloration is least developed in the lowest, more arid portion of the range of the species, i.e., the northern half of the Chihuahuan Desert, at elevations largely between 4000 and 6000 ft. The sudden increase in strength of the black coloration in western Chihuahua is associated with a sharp increase in elevation and, consequently, humidity. The two localities from which the sample of the western Chihuahuan population were drawn, San José Babicora and Pedernales, at 7100 and about 7500 ft., respectively, are in the pine-oak zone of the eastern flanks of the Sierra Madre Occidental. Further south the humidity level remains relatively high even at lower elevations. I have omitted from the analyses a small female collected at Kansas Settlement, Arizona, 28 July 1955, by G. F. Butler and F. G. Werner. It has the head nearly quadrate, elytra very smooth and shiny, elytral costulae hardly depressed, and VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 79 antennal segments I-II piceous. Individually these characteristics are within the observed range of variation in P. plagiata, but their combination in a single individual is unique. Haag-Rutenberg described P. plagiata from at least two specimens. The syntype that I have designated as lectotype is labeled “‘Mexico, Bates” and carries Haag- Rutenberg’s label “‘p/agiata m[ihi].” Pyrota postica LeConte Figs. 1,4) 7, 9,11, 13,15 Lytta mylabrina [second form]: LeConte, 1858: 22. Pyrota postica LeConte, 1863-66: 160. [Type locality: Texas; lectotype (here des- ignated), female, in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Type No. 5103, examined.] Horn, 1885: 113, pl. 5, fig. 15. Casey, 1891: 173. Champion, 1891-93: 431 (in part: males, Villa Lerdo, Durango, Mexico), pl. 20, fig. 5. Townsend, 1894: 101. Cockerell, 1898: 173. Snow, 1906: 174. Fall and Cockerell, 1907: 210. Denier, 1934: 64 (in part). Dillon, 1952: 357. Wer- ner, 1954: 102-104, figs. 3-4. Selander, 1964: 1038 ef seq., tbls. I, IV-VIII, figs. 21, 26, 28-29. Selander and Mathieu, 1964: 714, tbl. 3. Werner, Enns, and Parker, 1966: 57. Hurd and Linsley, 1975: 108. Description of adult.—Orange to yellow-orange; elytra only very rarely dis- tinctly paler than head and pronotum. Antennal segments I-II consistently orange. Labrum very rarely black (2 specimens). Elytron with scutellar and humeral black spots very rarely fused (1 specimen); postmedian fascia subquadrate, with definite corners at least anteriorly, rarely more than % as long as elytron, usually at least /; as wide as long, extending roughly to middle of elytron, separated from sutural margin by width of sutural swelling and from lateral margin by several times this distance. Venter, on the average, less extensively marked with black than in P. plagiata, never entirely black; at the lightly marked extreme, abdomen entirely orange and thorax largely so. Femora and tibiae always orange, cleanly tipped with black at apex. Length: 10-25 mm. Elytron with costulae not lying in longitudinal depressions, the intervals between costulae flat. Hindtarsal segment I with pale ventral setae usually present from apex to apical '3 or more, rarely limited to immediate apex. Male.— Antennal segment I longer than in P. plagiata, its mean length % greater than ID, posterior apical margin clearly surpassing posterior margin of eye; III ' to % as long as I. Maxillary palpal segment III larger, more strongly expanded laterad and more sinuate anteriorly; its width greater than ID. Sixth abdominal sternum more deeply, roundly emarginate; membranous area turned abruptly dorsad at about 45° angle. Genitalia with gonostylus more strongly and abruptly expanded at apex. Female.— Antennal segment I with posterior apical margin just attaining pos- terior margin of eye. Maxillary palpal segment III more slender than in P. plagiata. Geographic Distribution.—Southeastern Arizona, central New Mexico, and western and extreme southern Texas south on the Central Plateau of Mexico to eastern Durango and Nuevo Leon. Specimens examined: 460. The distributional relationship of P. postica and its close relative P. plagiata suggests that these species may exert a limiting influence on each other’s range. Reference to Fig. 1 shows that the range of P. plagiata is peripheral to that of P. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Figs. 12-15. 12, 13, Male sixth abdominal sterna, ventral views. 12, Pyrota plagiata. 13, P. postica. 14, Male genitalia (ventral and lateral views of gonoforceps, lateral view of aedeagus) of P. plagiata. 15, Ventral view of male gonoforceps of P. postica. postica. The distributional picture in southeastern Arizona is complicated, although even in that area there seems to be a high degree of allopatry. The only localities from which both species have been reported are Douglas and Willcox, Arizona. In general, it appears that P. postica occurs largely at elevations below 5000 ft. and P. plagiata largely at higher elevations. However, there are records of P. postica in the Sierra Blanca and Sacramento mountains of New Mexico between 5000 and 8000 ft. VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 81 tree aS 4) See Sayer eae 16 Fig. 16. Abdominal color classes. As discussed in the section on bionomics, the preferred food plant of P. postica is Larrea tridentata. Since P. plagiata does not feed on this plant, the question arises as to why its range does not overlap that of P. postica more extensively. Conversely, although P. postica is capable of occurring outside the range of Larrea, it seems significant that it apparently does not do so in any area occupied by P. plagiata. Moreover, it is perhaps more than coincidental that P. postica occurs at elevations well within the altitudinal range of P. plagiata only in an area (southern New Mexico) where the latter species is absent. A possible explanation of these relationships is that natural selection resulting from interaction between the species in areas of contact limits the ecological tolerance of each so as to minimize or preclude sympatry. As to the nature of the interaction, current evo- lutionary theory recognizes two possibilities: production of inferior interspecific hybrids and competition. From their high degree of anatomical similarity as adults and the nature of their courtship behavior, I would guess that if they occurred together, the two species would carry on heterospecific courtship and at least occasional mating. In view of the abundance of Larrea over most of the range of P. postica, it would seem highly unlikely that this species ever competed seriously with P. plagiata for adult food. The possibility exists, of course, that there is or has been intense competition for larval food. At present the range of P. plagiata is apparently disjunct, with at least the population in the Davis Mountains of Texas isolated from the main population of the species by an area of relatively low elevation representing the northern end 82 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Table 3. Variation in color pattern in Pyrota postica, expressed as percentage of specimens having specified characteristics. Black Marking(s) Present On a Na 8 = Occipital Basal Front Ant. seg. Mesepi- Spots Elytral Area of Head Labrum I-II sternum Fused Spots! Mean % N Arizona, SW. New Mexico NAS, 1.9 0.0 0.0 221k 84.9 18.6 a5 C. and SE. New Mexico 3.1 0.0 0.0 3.1 46.9 96.9 25.0 32 W. Texas 10.9 4.3 0.03 0.0 27 82.6 19.9 46 Chihuahua 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.2 100.0 19.0 7 Durango 40.0 123 0.0 44.6 87.6 98.5 47.2 65 S. Texas, Coah.,N.L. 68.8 18.8 0.0 37-5 87.5 100.0 3251 16 ' Spots on each elytron separated by a distance less than width of humeral spot. ? Spots absent in two specimens. 3N=45. of the Central Plateau of Mexico, where the species is replaced by P. postica. Distributional relationships of this nature are commonly interpreted in terms of post-Pleistocene climatic changes. Under such a scenario, one would hypothesize that during the last Pleistocene glaciation P. postica was confined to the west, perhaps in the region of the Sonoran Desert, while P. plagiata, because of the more mesic conditions obtaining at the time, was able to occupy the northern part of the Plateau as a continuous population. Subsequently, as the climate became warmer and drier, P. plagiata moved to higher areas to the north and south as P. postica moved eastward, forming a wedge that ultimately bisected the range of the former species. Records.— MEXICO: Chihuahua: Colonia Dublan; Colonia Juarez; 12 and 15 mi. S Villa Ahumada; Moctezuma. Coahuila: Saltillo. Durango: 19 mi. N and 7 mi. SW Cuencamé; Tlahualilo [de Zaragoza]; Villa [=Ciudad] Lerdo. Nuevo Le6n: Monterrey. UNITED STATES: Arizona: Bisbee; Bowie; Chiricahua Mountains; Douglas; Far Away River [not located]; Gila Valley; Pima County; Portal and vicinity; Ramsey Canyon, Huachuca Mountains; Safford [Werner, Enns, and Parker, 1966]; San Bernardino Ranch, 15 mi. E Douglas; San Carlos; San Simon; South Fork, Pinery Canyon, Chiricahua Mountains; Willcox. New Mexico: Anthony; Bent; Cloudcroft; Las Cruces; Lordsburg; Malpais Spring [mapped as Malpais]; Mes- calero; Mesilla Valley [Cockerell, 1898]; Peloncillo Mountains, 18 mi. N Rodeo; Rodeo and vicinity; Socorro. Texas: Alpine [Dillon, 1952]; Big Bend region; near Dagger Mountain, Big Bend National Park; 7 mi. NE Dell City; El Paso; El Paso County; Hidalgo County; Kingsville; Laredo; Nine Point Draw, Big Bend National Park; 10 mi. SE Pecos; Presidio; Rosillos Mountains, North Base; Sierra Blanca. Discussion.—In both this species and Pyrota plagiata there is an allometric growth relationship between the width and length of the head, larger individuals of each species tending to have the head more strongly triangular in form than smaller ones. The color pattern in Pyrota postica varies along much the same lines as in Pyrota plagiata. The postmedian black fascia of the elytron is comparatively stable VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 83 Table 4. Percentage distribution of specimens of Pyrota postica in abdominal color classes. Classes! Area 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mean N Arizona, SW. New Mexico 5.8 5.8 9.6 1355 Wey SIA 3.8 32 C. and SE. New Mexico Sel 28.1 Sul 65.6 4.3 32 W. Texas 7.0 7.0 30.2 7.0 48.8 3.8 43 Chihuahua 42.9 Well 4.1 7 Durango 4.2 pas | 93.8 4.9 192 S. Texas, Coah., N.L. 100.0 5.0 16 ' Classes are defined graphically in Fig. 16. in size and shape through the range of P. postica. Data on the variation of color pattern on several other parts of the body, comparable with those presented in Table 2 for P. plagiata, are given in Table 3. Comparison of these tables suggests that not only is P. postica less variable than P. plagiata but differs in having antennal segments I and II consistently pale in color and the mesepisternum much less frequently marked with black. Again, in conformity with Gloger’s rule, the populations of P. postica in Durango and southern Texas, the least xeric part of the range of the species, are characterized by relatively strong develoment of black coloration. The color of the legs does not vary appreciably. The color pattern of the abdo- men, however, is even more variable than in P. plagiata. This variation is analyzed in Table 4 using the classes defined in Fig. 16. It is noted that class 6 (entirely black) apparently does not occur in P. postica, whereas (as indicated earlier) the lightly marked classes 0-2 are not known to occur in P. plagiata. Again, in this character, there is strongest development of black coloration in P. postica in the Durango and southern Texas populations. Moreover, the population in central and southeastern New Mexico evidently has, on the average, darker coloration than that in Arizona and southwestern New Mexico. The most reliable and readily used character for distinguishing P. postica and P. plagiata is the relative length of antennal segment I. Pyrota postica is the only species of the genus in which the segment is so long that it obviously surpasses the eye in the male and attains the posterior margin in the female. In addition, the shape and position of the postmedian elytral fascia provide a basis for con- sistent interspecific discrimination, as do differences in the shape of maxillary palpal segment III in both sexes and in the form of the male genitalia. Pyrota plagiata can generally be recognized by the transverse undulation of the elytral surface, but in occasional specimens the surface is virtually as flat as in P. postica. The difference found by Werner (1954) between P. plagiata in Chihuahua and P. postica in Texas with respect to relative length of the postmedian fascia of the elytra has proved not to be diagnostic. There has been much confusion regarding the identity of this species, most of which was clarified by Werner (1954). Dugés’ (1889) record of P. postica from Ahualulco, Jalisco, seems to have been based on specimens of P. rugulipennis Champion, not P. p/agiata as assumed by Werner (1954). The four females from 84 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ‘““Mexico” mentioned by Champion (1891-93) in his treatment of P. postica belong to P. plagiata, as do the specimens from Chihuahua recorded as P. postica by Spieth (1950) and Vaurie (1950). Pyrota postica was described originally from two females. The specimen des- ignated as lectotype, which is the first in LeConte’s series, is labeled with a red disk indicating Texas. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am grateful to J. C. Schaffner and R. C. Storch for their able help in field studies of Pyrota in Mexico; to Alice Prickett for the ink wash paintings of elytra, the drawings of abdominal sterna, and the diagrams defining abdominal color classes; and to an anonymous reviewer for comments and suggestions. This study was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation. LITERATURE CITED Berg, C. 1881. Revision der argentinischen Arten der Gattung Cantharis. Stett. Entomol. Zeitung 42: 301-309. 1883. Doce heter6meros nuevos de la Fauna argentina. An. Soc. Cient. Argent. 15: 66-78. Casey, T. 1891. Coleopterological notices, III. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 6: 9-214. Champion, G. C. 1891-93. Family Meloidae. Jn Godman, F. E. and O. Salvin, Biologia Centrali- Americana, Coleoptera, vol. 4, pt. 2, pp. 364-464, pls. 17-21. London. Cockerell, T. D. A. 1898. Life zones in New Mexico. II. The zonal distribution of Coleoptera. N.M. Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. 28: 137-179. 1905. The habits of Asilidae. Entomologist (Lond.) 38: 236. Denier, P.C.L. 1934. Contribucién al estudio de los Meloidos americanos. II. Ensayo de clasificacion de las Pyrota (Dej.) Lec. basada en los caracteres sexuales secundarios de los machos. Rev. Soc. Entomol. Argent. 6: 49-75. Dillon, L. 1952. The Meloidae (Coleoptera) of Texas. Am. Midl. Nat. 48: 330-420, 3 pls. Dugés, E. 1889. Sinopsis de los Meloideos de la Repiblica mexicana. An. Mus. Michoacano 2: 34— 40, 49-114 [49-128]. Fall, H. C. and T. D. A. Cockerell. 1907. The Coleoptera of New Mexico. Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. 33: 145-272. Garcia, E., C. Soto M., and F. Miranda. 1961. Larrea y clima. An. Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. Auton. Mex. 31: 133-171. Haag-Rutenberg, J. G. 1880. Beitrige zur Kenntniss der Canthariden. Dtsch. Entomol. Z. 24: 17- 90. Horn, G. H. 1885. Studies among the Meloidae. Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. 12: 107-116, pl. 5. Hurd, P. D., Jr. and E. G. Linsley. 1975. Some insects other than bees associated with Larrea tridentata in the southwestern United States. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 77: 100-120. Lacordaire, J.T. 1859. Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coléoptéres ou exposé méthodique et critique de tous les genres proposés jusqu’ici dans cet ordre d’Insectes, vol. 5. Libraire Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris, 750 pp. LeConte, J. L. 1858. Catalogue of Coleoptera of the regions adjacent to the boundary line between the United States and Mexico. J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. (2) 4: 9-42, pl. 4. . 1863-66. New species of North American Coleoptera. Part I. Smithson. Misc. Coll. 6(167): 1-86 (1863), 87-177 (1866). Linsley, E.G. 1960. Ethology of some bee- and wasp-killing robber flies of southeastern Arizona and western New Mexico (Diptera: Asilidae). Univ. Calif. Publ. Entomol. 16: 357-392, pls. 48-55. Pinto, J. D. 1980. Behavior and taxonomy of the Epicauta maculata group (Coleoptera: Meloidae). Univ. Calif. Publ. Entomol. 89, 111 pp. Rogers, L. E. and R. J. Lavigne. 1972. Asilidae of the Pawnee National Grassland, in northeastern Colorado. Univ. Wyo. Agric. Exp. Stn. Sci. Monogr. 25, 35 pp. Say, T. 1823-24. Descriptions of coleopterous insects collected in the late expedition to the Rocky VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 85 Mountains... .J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 3: 139-216 (1823), 238-282, 298-331, 403-462 (1824); 4: 88-99 (1824). Selander, R. B. 1964. Sexual behavior in blister beetles (Coleoptera: Meloidae) I. The genus Pyrota. Can. Entomol. 96: 1037-1082. 1982. A revision of the genus Pyrota. 1. The Mylabrina Group (Coleoptera: Meloidae). J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. 55: 665-717. In press. A revision of the genus Pyrota. III. Pacifica and Nobilis groups (Coleoptera, Meloidae). Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. Selander, R. B. and J. M. Mathieu. 1964. The ontogeny of blister beetles (Coleoptera, Meloidae) I. A study of three species of the genus Pyrota. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 57: 711-732. Snow, F. H. 1906. Some results of the University of Kansas entomological expeditions to Arizona in 1904 and 1905. Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci. 20(1): 155-181. 1907. Results of the entomological collecting expedition of the University of Kansas to Pima County, Arizona, in June and July, 1906. Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci. 20(2): 140-164. Spieth, H. T. 1950. The David Rockefeller Mexican Expedition of the American Museum of Natural History. Introductory account. Am. Mus. Novit. 1454, 67 pp. Townsend, C. H. T. 1894. Notes on some meloids, or blister beetles, of New Mexico and Arizona. Pysche (Camb. Mass.) 7: 100-102. Vaurie, P. 1950. The blister beetles of north central Mexico (Coleoptera, Meloidae). Am. Mus. Novit. 1477, 68 pp. Werner, F. G. 1954. Pyrota plagiata (Haag) a valid Mexican species (Coleop., Meloidae). Bull. Brooklyn Entomol. Soc. 49: 102-104. Werner, F. G., W. R. Enns, and F. H. Parker. 1966. The Meloidae of Arizona. Univ. Ariz. Agric. Exp. Stn. Tech. Bull. 175, 96 pp. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 85(1), 1983, pp. 86-97 DESCRIPTIONS OF LARVAL STENICHNUS (CYRTOSCYDMUS): S. TURBATUS AND S. CONJUX, WITH NOTES ON THEIR NATURAL HISTORY (COLEOPTERA: SCYDMAENIDAE) QUENTIN WHEELER! AND JAMES PAKALUK Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853. Abstract.—Larvae of Stenichnus turbatus Casey and Stenichnus conjux Casey are tenatively associated with adults from berlese extracts of samples of sifted, dry, decaying wood in upstate New York. Both species belong to the subgenus Cyrtoscydmus Motschulsky. They do not differ significantly in size, but differ consistently in several chaetotaxic characters which are correlated. We present a detailed description of S. turbatus larvae, including illustrations, and compare S. conjux larvae which differ in the absence of several structures. Some notes on the natural history of each species are given. There are few published references to larvae of Scydmaenidae (see Brown and Crowson, 1979, and references therein). For North America, there are only illus- trations of Eumicrus longicollis Casey and a species assigned to Euconnus by Brown and Crowson (1979), both of which were illustrated by Boving and Craig- head (1931; cf. plates 16 and 19). Thus, collection of larvae of Stenichnus during recent field studies near Ithaca, New York, presented an opportunity to describe two Nearctic scydmaenid larvae as a basis for future studies of these predatory staphylinoid beetles. Both species belong to the subgenus Cyrtoscydmus which includes the European species, S. collaris (Miiller and Kunze) and S. pusillus (Miller and Kunze), for which larvae are described (cf. Brown and Crowson, 1979; Paulian, 1941). We first collected Stenichnus larvae (S. turbatus Casey and S. conjux Casey) from debris and litter in a hollow tree which contained dry, decaying wood and a mouse nest. These materials were sifted and berlesed, and the residue stored in 70% ethanol. Larvae were cleared in Nesbitt’s Solution and mounted directly into Hoyer’s Medium. A Leitz Dialux-20 compound microscope equipped with dif- ferential interference-contrast illumination and a drawing attachment was used to study and illustrate the larvae with magnifications up to 1000X. We identified the larvae to the genus Stenichnus with a recent key by Brown and Crowson (1979). Dr. Walter Suter identified the associated adult female as S. conjux. A total of six larvae were collected with this female (three S. conjux; three S. tur- batus), with the following collection data: New York, Tioga Co., ca. 2 miles NW Richford, 28 October 1980, J. P. & Q.W. collrs, ex hollow tree with mouse nest, Q.W. Lot #8074. Two larvae, one S. conjux and one S. turbatus, were sifted from ' Research Associate, Department of Entomology, The American Museum of Natural History, New York. VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 Fig. 1. Stenichnus turbatus, larval habitus (dorsal), Tioga County, New York. 87 88 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Table 1. Measurements (in mm) of selected structures of larvae of Stenichnus turbatus. Structure Range Mean Body length (apex nasale to apex of abdominal segment X) 1.39-1.77 NS7/ Metanotum length/metanotum width .072/.303-.090/.356 .082/.328 Pronotum length/pronotum width .159/.274—.179/.313 -167/.287 Head length/head width (length at midline/ width at widest point) .169/.213-—.200/.233 .185/.221 Mandible length (along imaginary axis described in text) .082—.090 .086 Antennal length: antennomere II .079-.090 .087 antennomere III -038-.044 .042 Antennal width: antennomere II .041-.044 .042 Tarsungulus length (along imaginary axis from inner base to apex) .064-.072 .068 a decaying log with the same data as above. A third series was later collected which included five larvae (all S. turbatus) associated with adults, with the fol- lowing data: New York, Tompkins Co., Ithaca, 9 May 1981, J.P. collr., J.P. Lot #038. Voucher specimens of adults and larvae are deposited in the Cornell Uni- versity Insect Collections, and representatives retained by J.P. The following description is based primarily on the Tioga County specimens of S. turbatus, and all of the illustrations were made from them. The SEM (Fig. 19) was made from a critical point dried specimen of S. turbatus from the “‘Ithaca”’ series. Specimens from Q.W. Lot #8074 and J.P. Lot #038 agreed in all characters compared. The identity of S. turbatus larvae rests on the association of adults and larvae in J.P. Lot #038, while S. conjux larval determination is based on associated adults in the other series combined with elimination of supposed S. turbatus larvae. A discussion of Stenichnus larvae follows the descriptions. DESCRIPTIONS OF LARVAL STENICHNUS All observed chaetotaxic characters are present in S. turbatus, and all differences seen in S. conjux involve the absence of some of these structures. We describe and illustrate S. turbatus first, followed by noted differences observed in S. conjux. Measurements of selected structures are given in Table 1. Stenichnus turbatus Casey Figs. 1-19 With characters of Staphylinoidea (Crowson, 1955), except urogomphi absent; Scydmaenidae (Crowson, 1955); and Stenichnus (Brown and Crowson, 1979). Length of midline ca. 1.5 mm (xX from Table 1); body elongate (Figs. 1, 19), widest at metanotum, gradually narrowed posteriorly; terga wider than sterna, body somewhat onisciform (Fig. 19). Cranium (Figs. 2, 3). Length (midline)/width (broadest) ca. 0.8; with single pair of ocelli. Coronal suture distinct, long. Epicranial sutures straight, poorly defined anteriorly. Two dorsal and 2 ventral pairs of pores; and 4 vertical, 1 supraantennal, VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 89 Figs. 2, 3. Stenichnus turbatus, larval head. 2, Dorsal view. 3, Ventral view. ant = antenna; cd = cardo; cs= coronal suture; cv/-cv4 = cervical setae; es = epicranial suture; f/-/2 = frontal setae; gs = gular suture; md = mandible; mdc = mandibular condyle; m/ = mala; mt = microtrichia (e); mp = maxillary palpus; ns = nasale; oc = ocellus; pr]—pr2 = pores; ptp = posterior tentorial pit; sa = su- praantennal seta; so = supraocellar seta; st]—st2 = stipes setae; v/—v6 = ventral setae; vx 1—vx4 = ver- tical setae. 1 supraocellar, 2 frontal, and 6 ventral pairs of setae. Posterior tentorial pits proximal; gular sutures distinct anteriorly, gula short. Microtrichiae present lat- erad to gula. Cervical membrane ventrally with 4 pairs of setae (middle 2 pairs larger). Antenna (Fig. 4): Large, prominent (Figs. 1, 2). Sensory appendage large, pointed, anterodorsal relative to antennomere III. Antennomere I short, broad, with 3 dorsal and 2 ventral pores near apex. Antennomere II very long (X ca. 0.087 mm), robust, with 3 large and 2 smaller setae; width (xX) ca. 0.042 mm. Anten- nomere III small (x length ca. 0.042 mm), apex terminating in pointed apical process; with 6 setae (Fig. 4). Nasale and epipharynx (Fig. 7): Nasale transverse, with 2 pairs of large, anterior setae, and 4 pairs of dorsal setae (2 pairs large, 2 pairs smaller). Epipharynx membranous, with 2 pairs of pores and 4 pairs of setae (lateral setae larger), and various microtrichiae. 90 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Fig. 4. Stenichnus turbatus, larval antenna; large numbers are segments; small numbers are setae; ap = apical process; sa = sensory appendage. Mandible (Fig. 8): Mandible falcate, long, narrow, pointed; with single dorsal pore, large basolateral seta, and single lateral microtrichia; x length ca. 0.086 mm, measured along imaginary axis drawn from inner margin of base to apex. Maxilla (Fig. 5): Cardo simple, quadrangular, with single seta. Stipes short, broad, with 2 setae on disc, 2 setae at anterior margin near bases of mala and palpus, and | pore at base of mala. Palpifer small. Palpus trimerus. Palpomere I with 2 ventral pores. Palpomere II with 2 setae and 2 pores (1 apicoventral, 1 VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 91 or? 1 le \ Figs. 5-8. Stenichnus turbatus, larval mouthparts. 5, Maxilla (left, ventral). 6, Labium (ventral). 7, Nasale (ventral). 8, Mandible (left, ventral). a = anterior seta; cd = cardo; d= dorsal seta; di = digitiform sensillum; me = mentum; m/ = mola; mt = microtrichia(e), pm = prementum; pr = pore; sm = submentum; v = ventral seta. 92 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON atm 4 atPo 9 atm2 Figs. 9, 10. Stenichnus turbatus, larval thoracic nota. 9, Pronotum. 10, Metanotum. a = anterior seta; atm = acrotergal microtrichia; atp = acrotergal pore; d= dorsal seta; / = lateral seta; p = pos- terior seta; pr = pore. apicolateral), narrower than I but similar in length. Palpomere III long, thin, narrowed apically with single digitiform sensillum dorsally, 1 dorsal seta, and 2 pores (1 ventromedial near middle, | dorsolateral near base). Labium (Fig. 6): Largely membranous. Submentum with | seta. Mentum with 2 pairs of setae. Prementum without clearly defined sclerite, with 2 pairs of setae and 1 pair of pores. Palpus bimerous. Palpomere I short, simple. Palpomere II long, thin, narrowed apically, with dorsal digitiform sensillum and basolateral pore. Ligula absent. Thorax (Figs. 9, 10): Pronotum evenly divided into 2 plates; almost twice as wide as long (ca. 1.7), broadest at posterior angle; with 19 pairs of setae (cf. Fig. 9: 3 anterior, 7 dorsal, 4 lateral, and 5 posterior pairs) and 3 pairs of pores (prl proximal to al; pr2 to d4; and pr3 to p2). Mesonotum about 4X as wide as long, dorsum divided into 2 plates; with 14 pairs of setae (Fig. 10: 4 dorsal, 3 lateral, and 7 posterior pairs) and 2 pairs of pores (prl proximal to p2, pr2 to d4); acrotergite with 1 pair pores, 2 pairs microtrichiae (Fig. 10); venter with numerous minute, rough protuberances (=microtrichiae ?), and | pair of setae between coxae, almost on midline; spiracle annular, on stalked protuberance, ventrolateral near anterior margin, with seta on anteromesal margin of spiracular stalk. Metanotum similar to mesonotum; spiracle absent. VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 93 14 Figs. 11-14. Stenichnus turbatus, larval leg. 11, Coxa. 12, Trochanter and femur. 13, Tibia. 14, Tarsungulus. a = anterior seta; a/ = anterolateral seta; ad = anterodorsal seta; av = anteroventral seta; d= dorsal seta; CX = coxa; pd = posterodorsal seta; mt = microtrichia; FE = femur; TI = tibia; tg = tarsungulus; v = ventral seta. 94 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Figs. 15-18. Stenichnus turbatus, abdomen. 15, Tergum III (dorsal). 16, Sternum III (ventral). 17, Segment IX (dorsal). 18, Segment X (dorsal). asp = acrosternal pore; atm = acrotergal microtrichia; atp = acrotergal pore; d = dorsal seta; / = lateral seta; p = posterior seta; py = posteroventral seta; pr = pore; v = ventral seta; v/ = ventrolateral seta; vpr = ventral pore; av = anal vesicle. Leg (Figs. 11-14): Coxa (Fig. 11) large, ovate, with 9 anterior setae, 1 antero- ventral seta, 5 ventral setae, 3 basal microtrichiae, and | anterior pore. Trochanter (Fig. 12) elongate, divided by unsclerotized “‘band”’ which extends around entire circumference and has 3 anterior and 2 posterior pores aligned on it; with single pore and seta on portion basad to band; with 1 pore, 2 anterior setae, 1 antero- ventral seta, and | posterior seta on distal part. Femur (Fig. 12) elongate; with 3 anterolateral setae, 1 anterodorsal seta, 1 posterodorsal seta, 1 posteroventral seta, and 1 anterior pore. Tibia (Fig. 13) elongate, narrow; with 2 ventral setae, | posteroventral seta, and several spinose cuticular processes apically. Tarsungulus (Fig. 14) bisetose (1 seta posterior, 1 anteroventral); with 2 preapical spines on claw. Abdomen (Figs. 15-18): Terga I-VIII subrectangular, much broader than long at midline; I-V subequal in length, VI-VIII gradually narrowed. Tergum III with anterolateral projection folded so that ventrolateral setae are directed ventrally; with 12 pairs of setae (2 dorsal, 6 posterior, 1 lateral, and 3 ventrolateral pairs of setae) and 2 pairs of pores (1 proximal to p2, 1 about midway between d2 and p5); acrotergite with | pair of pores, and | pair of microtrichiae (Fig. 15); spiracle inside stalked protuberance, projecting ventrally, arising at posterolateral angle. Spiracles I-VII subequal; spiracle VIII about '2 size of preceding ones. Sternum III with 3 pairs ventral setae, 5 pairs posterior setae; pores absent; acrotergite with 1 pair microtrichiae (Fig. 16). Tergum [IX about twice as wide as long, narrowed posteriorly; with 6 pairs of setae (2 dorsal, 2 posterior, and 2 postero- lateral pairs). and 1| pair of pores (Fig. 17). Sternum IX much shorter at midline than tergum, about 3X as wide as long; with 6 pairs of setae (3 ventral and 3 posteroventral pairs), pores absent; lateral margins each with 3 setae, progressively VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 95 Fig. 19. Stenichnus turbatus, lateral habitus, scanning electron micrograph of critical point dried specimen. longer posteriorly. Segment X narrowed posteriorly; dorsum subquadrate with 2 pairs dorsal setae, 1 pair posterior setae, and | pair of pores (Fig. 18); venter much broader than long (ca. 2—3X), with 2 pairs of setae and 1 pair of pores proximal to v1 setae. Anal vesicle large, membranous. Stenichnus conjux Casey As in S. turbatus, except following structures: cervical membrane with cv3 and cv4 absent (see Fig. 3); pronotum with only 15 pairs of setae (setae p2, p4, d5, and d7 absent, see Fig. 9); mesonotum with only 10 pairs of setae (setae d3, p2, p4, and p7 absent, see Fig. 10); metanotum as mesonotum; tergum III with only 9 pairs of setae (setae p2, p4, and p5 absent, cf. Fig. 15); sternum III with only 7 pairs of setae (seta v2 absent, cf. Fig. 16). NOTES ON NATURAL HISTORY Scydmaenidae are believed to be specialized predators of mites (Crowson, 1981: 490), although there have been few studies on food selection, prey capture, or environmental factors affecting the distribution of scydmaenid beetles (cf. Brown and Crowson, 1979). Both of our larger series of Stenichnus were taken from conspicuously dry, decaying wood. Walter Suter indicates that associations of Scydmaenidae with dry habitats may be a more or less widespread phenomenon (personal communication). We made no direct observations of feeding for either collection, but one series (Q.W. Lot #8074) included an abundance of mites. It is interesting that species of the subgenus Cyrtoscydmus have been collected repeatedly by us and by Crowson, who has taken S. collaris in nearly every month 96 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON of the year, as compared with other scydmaenid taxa less frequently encountered; S. turbatus and S. conjux have been taken in equal numbers in the same habitat on two occassions. An abundance of S. collaris larvae in September and October suggested to Brown and Crowson (1979) that breeding is primarily in spring or early summer. Our collections of Stenichnus in October and May (and Crowson’s other collections) indicate that larval overwintering may be a pattern in Cyrto- scydmus. DISCUSSION We have used the term “‘pore” for minute, circular, cuticular structures which consist of a round sclerite, separated from the surrounding integument by a narrow, apparently membranous area. These structures may be campaniform sensillae, but until detailed studies are done, and to remain consistent with existing staphy- linoid literature, we refer to them simply as “‘pores.’” Abdominal segment III was used as an exemplar, and detailed descriptions of the chaetotaxy of other segments were not made. It is possible that additional characters will be found on other segments. Segments IX and X show apparently random variation of patterns of setae, differing among individuals of each species. Our description of these struc- tures is based on a single specimen of S. turbatus. We have used a system of letters and numbers, which are explained in the figure captions, to refer to setae, pores, and microtrichiae. In most respects, S. turbatus and S. conjux resemble other known species of Stenichnus (Brown and Crowson, 1979). They differ from other Cyrtoscydmus (S. pusillus and S. collaris) in having nonserrate mandibles. Our initial discovery of Stenichnus larvae here assigned to both S. conjux and S. turbatus in a ratio of 1:1 raised a question about what we were dealing with. Were there two species? Could there be two instars? Or, perhaps there were two semaphoronts of a single instar (such as sexual dimorphism). Collecting five specimens of one of these forms in association with adult S. turbatus caused us to hypothesize that this form was the larva of S. turbatus, and by elimination, that the alternative form was the larva of S. conjux. A corollary of this assumption is that both species occur together in the same microhabitats, and that the 50:50 ratios in two small samples were due to chance alone. Additional field collections will help to sort out the possibilities, and rearing may eventually provide a firm resolution. In the meanwhile, our inference seems consistent with the data, and provides relatively detailed descriptions of scydmaenid larvae, which include several characters of likely systematic and phylogenetic value hitherto unstudied. We are not in a position to analyze characters nor state their level of taxonomic importance. Our description does provide a basis for comparison, and emphasizes the great potential for larval studies in the Scydmaenidae. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank Walter Suter for identification of adult Scydmaenidae, and E. Richard Hoebeke, Stephen Nichols, and Larry Watrous for critically reading the manu- script. John Rawlins and Kathy Kelly assisted in the preparation of photographic plates. Field and laboratory studies were supported, in part, by Hatch Project NYC139426 on the biology and systematics of Coleoptera associated with fungi, VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 97 wood-decay, and forest litter at Cornell University (Q. Wheeler, principal investi- gator). LITERATURE CITED Boving, A. G. and F. C. Craighead. 1931. An illustrated synopsis of the principal larval forms of the order Coleoptera. Entomol. Am. (n.s.) 11: 1-351. Brown, C. and R. A. Crowson. 1979. Observations on Scydmaenidae (Col.) larvae with a tentative key to the main British genera. Entomol. Mon. Mag. 115: 49-59. Crowson, R. A. 1955. The natural classification of the families of Coleoptera. London: Lloyd. 187 p. 1981. The biology of the Coleoptera. London: Academic Press. 802 pp. Paulian, R. 1941. Les Premiers états des Staphylinoidea. Mém. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat., Paris (n.s.) 15: 1-361. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 85(1), 1983, pp. 98-103 THE SUBGENUS DESUMENOPON OF AMYRSIDEA (MALLOPHAGA: MENOPONIDAE) WILLIAM C. SCHARF AND K. C. EMERSON (WCS) Department of Biology, Northwestern Michigan College, Traverse City, Michigan 49684; (KCE) 560 Boulder Drive, Sanibel, Florida 33957. Abstract.—Six species of the genus Amyrsidea Ewing subgenus Desumenopon Carriker from galliform hosts of the family Phasianidae genus Odontophorus Vieillot are described and illustrated. Amyrsidea praegracilis cumbrensis Carriker is a new synonym of A. gujanensis Carriker. Several new hosts are recognized, and a key is given for the identification of species. The menoponid genus Amyrsidea Ewing, 1927, was recently revised, and six subgenera are recognized (Scharf and Price, 1977). Presented here are descriptions, illustrations, and a key to the six species included in the subgenus Desumenopon Carriker. All species described here belong to Amyrsidea sensu lato which is described along with keys to the subgenera (Scharf and Price, 1977). In the following descriptions, numbers of certain head setae are those given by Clay (1969). Measurements are in millimeters. Unless noted, all illustrations are of specimens from the type-host. The nomenclature of the hosts follows Peters (1934). SuBGENUS Desumenopon Carriker Desumenopon Carriker, 1954: 25. Type-species: Amyrsidea praegracilis Carriker. Desumenopon is a group of closely related lice which are known only from the Neotropical genus Odontophorus Vieillot (Phasianidae). It is separated from other subgenera by the following combinations of characters: (1) Head with moderately wide temples; difference between temple and pre- ocular width, 0.09-0.12. (2) Hypopharyngeal sclerite weakly developed (Fig. 1). (3) Preocular slit deep (0.04—0.05). (4) Preocular seta 11 longer than 0.10 and thicker than seta 10. (5) Four or more dorsal head sensilla (approximately at hypopharyngeal level) between sensilla c (Fig. 2). (6) Terminal antennal segment short and wide, ratio of width to length more than 0.5. (7) Eyes of moderate size, neither reduced nor prominent. (8) Sternum I with 2 setae. (9) Outer medio-anterior metanotal setae shifted anteriorly. (10) Female without sexually dimorphic enlarged terga. VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 99 (11) Female pleura not extended. (12) Female segment IX with anal fringes and sternal setae similar to Fig. 11; no spiniform setae. Amyrsidea (Desumenopon) praegracilis Carriker migsea, 2.°4, 5.11 Ampyrsidea praegracilis praegracilis Carriker, 1950: 509. Type-host: Odontophorus gujanensis polionotus Osgood and Conover (error) = O. g. marmoratus Gould. Male.—Postmental setae each side with 1 medium, | long, and 2 short lateral setae. Middorsal head setae minute; inner seta 17 slightly anterior to outer 18. With 4-7 dorsal head sensilla between sensilla c. Gular plate with 4 + 4 setae. Pronotal margin with 16-18 long and 4 short setae. Metanotal margin with 10- 14 long setae; mesosternal and metasternal plates triangular with 10-11 and 8- 10 setae, respectively. Venter of each femur III with brush of 14-22 short setae. Marginal abdominal tergal setae: I, 16-18; I], 15-16; III, 18; IV, 22; V, 17-26; VI, 23-24; VII, 21-24; VIII, 13-18. Postspiracular setae long on I-II and very long on III—VIII; all marginal setae between postspiracular setae medium. With 2—4 medium latero-anterior tergal setae on V—VII, none on VIII. Last tergum each side with 2 very long marginal setae with | short seta latero-anterior to these, no anterior setae, and 10-15 total inner posterior setae. Pleura normal with 7-9 marginal and 5-7 anterior setae of medium length. Sternal setae: II, 22—27; III, 22-24; IV, 22-26; V, 22-26; VI, 19-23; VII, 13-29; VIII, 24—26. Sternal brushes each side: III, 11-13; IV, 19-22; V, 21-22; VI, 16-24; VII, 15-23. Sterna VIII and IX not fused; IX with 14-20 marginal medium setae on subgenital plate and 16-24 anterior medium setae. Genitalia as in Fig. 4. Female.— Head and thorax as for male. Marginal abdominal tergal setae: I, 13- 18; II, 14-31; Il, 19-34; IV, 26-38; V—VII, 36—40; VIII, 21-22. With 4-8 medium latero-anterior setae on V—VII, 2 on VIII. Tergum IX as for male but with 18- 21 total inner posterior setae. Sterna VIII and IX fused, with 20-29 anterior and 26-28 setae marginal to the subgenital plate: coarse patch of microtrichia lining vulva (Fig. 5). Anus with 36-50 dorsal and 37—55 ventral fringe setae. Dimensions. — Preocular width, male 0.3 1—0.34, female 0.3 10.34; temple width, male 0.41, female 0.41-0.46; prothorax width, male 0.35—0.36, female 0.36-0.39; metathorax width, male 0.41-0.45, female 0.44—0.50; total length, male 1.73- 1.77, female 1.61—1.83; male genitalia width 0.10—0.12, length 0.50-0.51. Remarks.—The single female specimen from Odontophorus erythrops Gould has 7-12 more marginal tergal setae each on I-IV and slightly fewer (2-4) sternal setae than do specimens from the type-host; in the absence of males and the presence of distinctive latero-anterior setae on abdominal terga V—VII, it seems prudent to consider it as this species. The L-shaped male genital sclerite is seen to be a double structure when the genitalia are twisted, but even in the several cases of everted genital sacs, the structure remains distinctive and recognizable (Fig. 4). Material examined.—10 4, 11 2 (including holotype 6 and allotype 2 on slide 68585, USNM, and 3 é and 3 2 paratypes), Odontophorus gujanensis marmoratus, Colombia, Panama; | 2, Odontophorus erythrops, Panama. 100 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Figs. 1-11. Amyrsidea (Desumenopon) spp. 1, Weakly developed hypopharyngeal sclerite of A. praegracilis, from Odontophorus erythrops. 2, A. praegracilis, head, from O. erythrops. 3, A. gujanensis, male genitalia. 4, A. praegracilis, male genitalia, from O. gujanensis marmoratus. 5, A. praegracilis, microtrichia lining female vulva. 6, A. hyperythra, male genitalia. 7, 8, A. complicata, male genitalia. 9, A. ricaurtei, male genitalia. 10, A. speciosa, male genitalia. 11, A. praegracilis, female terminal segments showing anal fringe, from O. erythrops. VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 101 Amyrsidea (Desumenopon) gujanensis Carriker Fig. 3. Amyrsidea praegracilis gujanensis Carriker, 1950: 509. Type-host: Odontophorus g. gujanensis (Gmelin). Ampyrsidea praegracilis cumbrensis Carriker, 1950: 509. NEw SYNONYMY Type-host: O. colombianus (Gould). Male.—Essentially as for A. praegracilis except more marginal tergal setae II- VIII: II, 26-32; III, 33-36; IV, 36-38; V, 36-41; VI, 40-42; VII, 36-38; VIII, 30-34. With only 2 latero-anterior setae on terga I-VIII (4 on tergum IV of 2 specimens) and with inverted V-shaped sclerotization anteriorly and U-shaped genital sclerite posterior to this (Fig. 3). Female.—Essentially as for A. praegracilis except tergal features as in male and microtrichia lining in vulva finer and sparser. Dimensions. —As for A. praegracilis except total length, male 1.65—1.74, female 1.78-1.87; male genitalia width 0.11-0.13, length 0.52. Remarks.—The tergal features of both sexes and the U-shaped genital sclerite are the distinctive features of gujanensis. The paired L-shaped genital sclerite of praegracilis may appear U-shaped if viewed at the right position. However, we have studied a number of different specimens of each species in different degrees of genital sac eversion and are convinced the difference is substantial. Material examined.—2 64, 2 2 (including holotype ¢ and allotype 2 slide 68586, USNM, and 4 and 2 paratype), Odontophorus g. gujanensus, Venezuela, Peru; 2 6, 2 2 (paratypes of A. p. cumbrensis), O. columbianus, Venezuela. Amyrsidea (Desumenopon) hyperythra (Carriker) Fig. 6 Desumenopon praegracilis hyperythrus Carriker, 1954: 25 Type-host: Odontophorus hyperythrus Gould. Male.—Essentially as for A. praegracilis, except tergum I with fewer marginal tergal setae, (10), no latero-anterior tergal setae on V-—VIII, and genitalia with parameres connected and genital sclerite reduced as in Fig. 6. Female.—Inseparable from females of A. praegracilis except tergum I possibly with fewer marginal tergal setae (12) and with no vulval microtrichia. Dimensions.— Head and thorax slightly smaller in each dimension (by 0.01- 0.02) than A. praegracilis; total length, male 1.70, female 2.01; male genitalia width 0.14, length 0.38. Remarks. — The genital sclerite (compare Figs. 4 and 6), the slightly wider (0.0 1- 0.02) and shorter (0.14) size of the genitalia, and the greater total length of the female are the distinguishing features of hyperythra. It is known from only one specimen of each sex. Material examined.—1 3, 1 2 (holotype and allotype, respectively, of D. p. hyperythra on slide 68614 USNM), Odontophorus hyperythrus, Colombia. Amyrsidea (Desumenopon) complicata (Carriker) Figs. 7, 8 Desumenopon hyperythrus complicatus Carriker, 1967: 35. Type-host: Odontophorus melanotus Gould. 102 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Male.—Essentially as for A. praegracilis except for no latero-anterior setae on V-VIII, and long genitalia with genital sclerite having twisted appearance (Fig. 7) or elongate with 2 pointed projections (Fig. 8). Female.— Unknown. Dimensions.—As for A. praegracilis except total length, 1.52—1.60, and male genitalia width 0.14, length 0.48-0.50. Remarks.—This species is apparently the shortest member of Desumenopon and, in addition to the genital sclerite features described above, it has the longest and widest genitalia of the group. Material examined. — 2 (including holotype of D. h. complicatus, on slide 68243, USNM), Odontophorus melanotus, Ecuador, Panama. Amyrsidea (Desumenopon) ricaurtei (Carriker) Fig. 9 Desumenopon hyperythrus ricaurtei Carriker, 1967: 35. Type-host: Odontophorus erythrurus parambae Rothschild. Male.—As for A. praegracilis except for genitalia with spinous sac and genital sclerite with 2 pointed projections extending laterally (Fig. 9) similar to the variant of A. complicata (Fig. 8). Female.— Unknown. Dimensions.—As for A. praegracilis except total length, 1.61, and male genitalia width 0.11, length 0.37. Remarks.—The total length is nearly as short as complicata, but the genitalia are shorter and slightly slenderer than complicata in combination with the dis- tinctive sac and genital sclerite features mentioned above (Figs. 7-9). Material examined.—1 6 (holotype of D. h. ricaurtei, on slide 68884, USNM), Odontophorus erythrurus parambae, Colombia. Amyrsidea (Desumenopon) speciosa (Carriker) Fig. 10 Desumenopon speciosa Carriker, 1967: 35. Type-host: Odontophorus s. speciosa Tschudi. Male.—As for A. praegracilis except more marginal tergal setae on each of I- VII, 34-41, no latero-anterior setae on V—VIII, and genital sclerite with 3 pointed projections extending medially (Fig. 10). Female.—As for A. praegracilis except total length, 1.70 and male genitalia width 0.10, length 0.44. Remarks.—The shape of the genital sclerite is a prominent identifying char- acteristic. Material examined.—1 ¢ (holotype of D. speciosa, slide 68240 USNM), Odon- tophorus s. speciosa, Peru; 17 4, 12 2, O. s. loricatus (Todd) [=O. loricatus (Todd)]. KEY TO SPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS DESUMENOPON 1. Latero=anterior sete on terea V=V TTI One Ree EO) eee 2 = No lstero-anterior setae on terga V-VEW’... .. 05.4 a2 ode eet eee 3 2. With 2 (occasionally 4) latero-anterior setae on each tergum I—VIII; male with U-shaped genital sclerite (Fig. 3); female with sparse vuval microtri- CaS eer iS Sa Ra er a ce ae. 2G gujanensis Carriker VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 103 — With 2 latero-anterior setae on terga I-IJ, none on III-IV, 2-8 on V—VIII: male with paired L-shaped genital sclerites (Fig. 4); female with dense, Well_Genhcd Alea Of yillval microtmchia (Figs 5) -f.2)... 0... 0.0 082 Ok Oe Bek Ras 2 de boy \e0e oi Cate es 0 ll oi a a praegracilis Carriker 3. Male genitalia with parameres connected and genital sclerite reduced as in Fig. 6; one female known, without vulval microtrichia ................ nt iad ee EC STEIA Gs nt eet a iyibs toes: et 5 hyperythra (Carriker) — Male genitalia without parameres connected; and genital sclerites larger; female of..speciosa with: fine vulval-microtrichia~). 2.0000 62.0... eS. 4 4. Male genitalia total length 0.48—-0.61; genital sclerite either modified with twisted appearance (Fig. 7) or elongate (.12-.16) (Fig. 8); female unknown Withers 46 titeaceatls oe Aopen ity elt shore ohowteheseecehs t complicata (Carriker) — Male genitalia total length 0.37—0.42; genital sclerite shorter (.08-.10) and MowewEsted tsi: bs :heysbite.euecte. millselh tesitiveniad: ais asin casey 5 5. Male genitalia with spinous sac and genital sclerite with 2 pointed projec- tions extending laterally as in Fig. 9; female unknown ................ a eiase horn to oA ies or does etmamibeen Radio asic ricuartei (Carriker) — Male genitalia apparently without spinous sac and genital sclerite with 3 pointed projections as in Fig. 10; female with sparse, fine vuval microtrichia EMPCHGINE MMEGIAIV cle piers Sere as cto Gisye& bette en gels oe speciosa (Carriker) ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank the following for the loan of specimens: Theresa Clay and Christopher Moreby, British Museum (Natural History), London; and Robert E. Elbel, Uni- versity of Utah, Salt Lake City. Other specimens are in the personal collection of the junior author and the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. (USNM). R. D. Price assisted in many ways during the completion of this work. LITERATURE CITED Carriker, M.A., Jr. 1954. The Menoponidae of the Cracidae and the genus Odontophorus (Neotropical Mallophaga Miscellany No. 8). Nov. Colombianas 1: 19-31. - 1950. Studies in Neotropical Mallophaga (X), Amblycera of the New World: Galliformes Pt. 2, The Genus Amyrsidea Ewing. Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. 7: 490-510. . 1967. Carriker on Mallophaga. Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. 248: ix + 150 pp. Clay, T. 1969. A key to the genera of the Menoponidae (Amblycera: Mallophaga: Insecta). Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 24: 1-26, 7 pl. Ewing, H. E. 1927. Descriptions of new genera and species of Mallophaga, together with keys to some related genera of Menoponidae and Philopteridae. J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17: 86-96. Peters, J. L. 1934. Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. II. Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, Mass. 401 pp. Scharf, W. C. and R. D. Price. 1977. Anew subgenus and two new species of Amyrsidea (Mallophaga: Menoponidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 70: 815-822. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 85(1), 1983, pp. 104-109 THE NORTH AMERICAN BIOTYPE OF THE OLD HOUSE BORER HYLOTRUPES BAJULUS (L.) (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) KEVIN F. CANNON AND WILLIAM H ROBINSON Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061. Abstract.—Results of this study establish the presence of a North American biotype on the old house borer, Hylotrupes bajulus (L.). This biotype is based on differences in size and longevity of the life stages and on adult fecundity. The description of this biotype is based on three years of field and laboratory data and comparisons between the European and South African biotypes. The old house borer (OHB), Hylotrupes bajulus (L.), is an important structural insect pest in eastern and southeastern United States. This cerambycid, native to the Atlas Mountains of Northern Africa, has been introduced into all major continents (Becker, 1979). The OHB was first reported in North America over 200 years ago, and now occurs in the Atlantic seaboard and Gulf Coast states (Moore, 1978). OHB biology and life history in England were reviewed by Hickin (1975) and Parkin (1934); in Germany by Cymorek (1974) and Becker (1942); in Denmark by Rasmussen (1961); and in South Africa by Durr (1954, 1956), and Tooke and Scott (1944). In these countries the OHB is considered an established pest, capable of surviving under natural conditions in unprocessed wood. The life history and habits of the South African and northern European populations vary considerably. Durr (1956) reported female OHB in South Africa to be more fecund than those in Europe. Variations in sizes of adult, larva, and egg and in longevity have also been noted between OHB populations on the different continents (Becker, 1942; Weidner, 1936; Durr, 1956). These individual populations or biotypes have evolved after introduction into areas and subsequent isolation by geographic barriers (Becker, 1979). Gonzalez et al. (1979) and Eastop (1973) define biotypes as pop- ulations of similar genetic composition, which vary in biological functions such as behavior, host preference, morphology, or reproductive potential. Durr (1954) noted that the variations between European and South African biotypes are the result of more favorable environmental conditions in South Africa. The biology and pest status of the OHB in N. Am. were reviewed by Moore (1978), McIntyre and St. George (1961), St. George et al. (1957) and Snyder (1955). However, the biological data found in these reports were based primarily on data originating from South Africa, Europe, and on field observations in the United States. Cannon (1979) reported that the biology and life history of the OHB under N. Am. environmental conditions differs considerably from both the South Afri- can and European biotypes. VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 105 The objective of the research presented here was to describe and compare the biology and habits of the OHB in N. Am. with data from Europe and South Africa. Results of this research will allow for a precise understanding of the presence and status of a N. Am. population of the OHB. MATERIALS AND METHODS A laboratory colony of OHB’s was established and maintained from adults and larvae collected throughout Virginia’s three geographic regions (Coastal, Pied- mont, Mountain). This colony is considered representative of the N. Am. OHB population because of Virginia’s midpoint location in the distribution of the OHB in eastern U.S. Adult OHB were confined in 1 liter, clear plastic containers during their lifetime. Each container was maintained at room temperature (22.1° + 2°C and 60-80% RH) and provided with oviposition sites consisting of pine (Pinus spp.) blocks and filter paper. Eggs were removed from containers daily, counted and incubated in 30 ml plastic cups under similar environmental conditions until eclosion. Larvae were reared to adults in blocks of southern yellow pine (Pinus spp.) (50 X 25 X 15 cm), placed in temperature-humidity controlled chambers (30° + 1° and 65-75% RH). The wood blocks were <1 year old. The laboratory colony was maintained using methods described by Berry (1972). Parameters used to describe the N. Am. population include the length and width of adults and eggs, longevity of adults, larvae, pupae and eggs, and the adult female fecundity. These parameters were compared with published data from Europe and South Africa. In this study, longevity of adults was measured in days from the time of emer- gence to the time of death. Egg longevity was measured in days from deposition to eclosion. Larval luagevity was based on homeowner survey data and is expressed as a range of developmental time in years. Pupal longevity was defined as the time between the prepupal molt and emergence of the adult. Oviposition period was defined as the time from deposition of the first egg batch to the time the last egg batch was deposited. Adult length was measured along the dorsal surface, from the mandibles to the last visible segment of the body; width was measured across the humeral region of the elytra. Measurements were made with a vernier micrometer. Eggs and larvae were measured with a microscope ocular micrometer. Egg length was measured from end to end and width recorded across the blunt pole of the egg. Larvae were measured from the mandibles to the end of the last abdominal segment. First-instar larvae were weighed in groups of ten on a Mettler balance. Fecundity was considered to be the total number of eggs oviposited by a female during her life span. Egg viability was calculated as a percentage of egg hatch based on total fecundity. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Adults.—The N. Am. OHB adults ranged from 6.5 to 25.5 mm in length and 2.6 to 6.4 mm in width. Longevity ranged from 4 to 24 days. These data are within the ranges reported for the European and South African OHB biotypes (Table 1). North American females were equal in size to South African females (16.9 + 0.5 vs. 17.1 mm), but males were slightly larger (12.2 + 0.5 vs. 11.4 106 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Table 1. Descriptive data on biotypes of the old house borer, Hylotrupes bajulus. NA = data not available. Location North America South Africa Northern Europe Life Stage SE Be x, Adult female Length (mm) 16:9 22°35! W/E NA’ Width (mm) OEE NA Adult male Length (mm) P22T2ENS 11.4 NA Width (mm) 3.8 Eel NA Adult longevity (days) Female 919%: A112 8.94 8.0 Male USS: see 16.4° 16.0 Fecundity 6SAITEMISES 119.4° 105.2 Mean no. egg batches/female ANSP 2e3 25 2-8 Oviposition period (days) 3,223 3.9 12 ' Based on 50 adult females and 50 adult males. 2 Based on 25 adult females and 17 adult males at room temp. (22.1°C + 2° and 60-70% RH). 3 Based on 210 adult males and females. 4 Based on 104 females at room temp. (23°C and 61% RH). > Based on 145 males at room temp. (23°C and 61% RH). © Based on 152 females. 7 Adults were reported to range in size from 7-24 mm in northern Europe. mm). More accurate statistical comparisons among the N. Am., European, and South African biotypes are not possible because of the lack of sufficient data and because available data do not include sample size and variation. North American female OHB were consistently larger and shorter lived than males. These findings are in agreement with observations made by Durr (1956) and Hickin (1975). The most striking difference noted among biotypes was the large number of eggs oviposited by the N. Am. females (x = 165.1 range 46-334) (Table 1). The average number of eggs per female in South Africa and Europe was 119.4 and 105.2, respectively. A possible explanation for the high fecundity of N. Am. females may lie in the fact that the OHB is found predominently in new homes (x = 6.1 + 1.0) in N. Am. Becker (1949) and Durr (1956) showed that the nutri- tional content of wood is a limiting factor in OHB growth and development. New wood (i.e., <10 yrs) contains a higher proportion of available protein and vita- mins. Larvae feeding in wood of higher nutritional value would be expected to produce larger adults. Becker (1942) showed a positive correlation between size of adult females and egg production. In Europe the OHB is found predominently in old homes (= 10 yrs) (Schuch, 1937) and because of the lower nutritional value of this wood, larvae would be expected to take longer to develop and would produce smaller adults. In South Africa, Durr (1956) reported that the OHB is found primarily in new wood and that females are more fecund than those found in Europe. North American females deposited more egg batches (4.3 vs. 2.5) over a longer period of time (5.2 vs. 3.9 days) when compared to the South African biotype. Corresponding data are not available for the European biotype. VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 107 Table 2. Descriptive data on biotypes of the old house borer, Hylotrupes bajulus. NA = data not available. Location ese mS gmerica SS ie Europe ee Egg length (mm) 1.9 + .002! 2032 1.2—2.0 Egg width (mm) .45 + .001 58 a) Incubation period (days) 8.5955 3 14.0 9-12 Eclosion rate (%) Sa 83.2 NA ' Based on 50 eggs at room temp. (22.1°C + 2 and 60-70% RH). ? Based on 40 eggs at room temp. (23°C and 69% RH). Eggs.—Eggs of N. Am. females ranged from 1.6 to 2.1 mm in length and 0.41 to 0.51 mm in width (Table 2). They were slightly smaller than eggs from the South African biotype and within the range recorded for the European biotype. Under similar environmental conditions (20-—25°C and 60-75% RH) the incu- bation period for eggs of N. Am. females was 8.5 days which is considerably shorter than South African (14) and European (9-12) biotypes, respectively. There was little difference in the eclosion rates (85.2% vs. 83.2%) of eggs from N. Am. and South Africa, respectively. Larvae.— The length, head capsule width, and weight of first-instar larvae are presented in Table 3. The N. Am. larvae weighed less than larvae of similar age in South Africa (0.18 vs. 0.22 mg, respectively). This is not unexpected, since similar differences were noted in the comparison between eggs of these two bio- types. The developmental period of OHB larvae under environmental conditions in N. Am. was observed to range from 1-11 years (x = 6.1 + 1.0) (Cannon, 1979) (Table 3). This period is longer than the 1—5 year (X = 3.21) developmental period reported in South Africa (Durr, 1956) and comparable to the 3-11 year period reported in Europe (Weidner, 1936). Cannon and Robinson (1981) reported that OHB larvae are most efficient in utilizing wood for growth and development at temperatures and relative humidities of 20—30°C and 60-80%, respectively. Ras- Table 3. Descriptive data on biotypes of the old house borer, Hylotrupes bajulus. NA = data not available. Location North America South Africa Northern Europe Life Stage x% + SE 2% oe First-instar larva Length (mm) 1p 0042 NA NA Width (mm) S19 e001 NA NA Weight (mg) .183? 222. NA Larval developmental period (years) 2-73 2-3 3-11 Pupal period (days) Neil att oe 29-44 14-21 ' Based on 50 Ist-instar larvae. ? Based on 5 representatives of 10 larvae each. 3 Based on survey data of 32 infested homes throughout Va. 4 Based on 8 pupae, room temp. 22.1°C + 2° and 60-70% RH. 108 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON mussen (1967), and Cannon and Robinson (1981) showed that the larval devel- opmental period is shortened or extended depending on the range and stability of temperature, relative humidity, and nutritional content of wood. Apparently, the environmental conditions for developing larvae in N. Am. are not so favorable as those in South Africa. However, they do appear to be more favorable than conditions in Europe. Pupae.— There was little variation in the longevity of the pupal stage (Table 3). The European biotype provided the shortest developmental period (14-21 days) and the South African biotype the longest (29-44 days). Pupae of the N. Am. biotype require a developmental period of 21.7 + 3.2 days. CONCLUSION The morphological and biological data presented here confirm the existence of a N. Am. biotype of the OHB. This biotype was described from field collected and laboratory reared specimens. An accurate biological data base is now available for evaluating this insect pest. These data, along with data on larval feeding (Cannon and Robinson, 1981) will be useful in developing recommendations for OHB control. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors thank Richard D. Fell and Robert Cartwright for their valuable comments and review of this manuscript. LITERATURE CITED Becker, G. 1942. Beitrage zur Kenntnis des Hausbockkdéfers. Z. Hyg. Zool. Schadlingsbkfg. 34: 83- 107. . 1949. Beitrage zur Okologie der Hausbockkafer-Larven. Z. Angew. Entomol. 31: 135-174. Becker, H. 1979. Die Verbeitung des Hausbockkafers (Hylotrupes bajulus (L.)) Serville (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Sonderdruck Prakt. Schadlingsbekampfer 31: 3-19. Berry, R. W. 1972. A rearing procedure for the house longhorn beetle Hylotrupes bajulus (L.). Int. Biodeterior. Bull. 8: 141-144. Cannon, K. F. 1979. Aspects of Hylotrupes bajulus biology in Virginia. M.S. thesis. Virginia Poly- technic Institute and State University, Blacksburg. 52 pp. Cannon, K. F. and W. H Robinson. 1981. Wood consumption and growth of Hylotrupes bajulus (L.) larvae in three environments. Environ. Entomol. 10: 458-461. Cymorek, S. 1974. Uber einen Versuch zur Anzucht des Hausbockes Hylotrupes bajulus (L.) in volliger Dunkelheit. Prakt. Schadlingsbekampfer 26: 139-140. Durr, H. J. R. 1954. The European house borer Hylotrupes bajulus (L.) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and its control in Western Cape Province. Bull. Dep. Agric., Union S. Afr. 377: 1-78. . 1956. The morphology and bionomics of the European house borer Hylotrupes bajulus (L.) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Entomol. Mem. 4: 1-136. Eastop, V. F. 1973. Biotypes of aphids, pp. 40-51. In Loew, A. D., ed., Prespectives in Aphid Biology. Entomol. Soc. N. Z. Bull. No. 2. Gonzalez, D., G. Gordh, S. N. Thompson, and J. Adler. 1979. Biotype discrimination and its importance to biological control, pp. 129-136. In Hoy, M. A. and J. J. McKelvey, Jr., eds., Genetics in Relation to Insect Management. Rockefeller Foundation Publ. Hickin, N. E. 1975. The Insect Factor in Wood Decay. St. Martin’s Press, N.Y. 383 pp. McIntyre, T. and R. A. St. George. 1961. The old house borer. U.S. Dep. Agric. Leafl. No. 501, 8 pp. Moore, H. B. 1978. The old house borer, an update, part one. Pest Control 46: 14-17, 52-53. Parkin, E. A. 1934. The occurrence of the house longhorn beetle, Hylotrupes bajulus (L.) in England. Forestry 8: 150-154. VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 109 Rasmussen, S. 1961. Effects of the microclimate on the growth and metamorphosis of Hylotrupes bajulus in Denmark. Oikos 18: 155-177. 1967. Growth of larvae of the house longhorn beetle Hylotrupes bajulus in constant con- ditions. Oikos 12: 173-194. Schuch, K. 1937. Experimentelle Untersuchungen iiber den Einfluss von Temperatur und Fenchtig- keit auf das Wachstum der Hausbockkafer larven. Z. Angew. Entomol. 24: 357-366. Snyder, T. E. 1955. Introduced wood borers. Pest Control 23: 28. St. George, R. A., H. R. Johnston, and T. McIntyre. 1957. Wood enemy number 2 in the East: the old house borer. Pest Control 25: 29-37. Tooke, F. G. C. and M. H. Scott. 1944. Wood-boring beetles in South Africa. Bull. Dep. Agric., Union S. Afr. 247: 28-36. Weidner, H. 1936. Der Hausbock. Z. Pflanzenkr. 46: 305-326. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 85(1), 1983, pp. 110-115 NOTES ON THE HEBRIDAE OF THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES (HETEROPTERA: HEMIPTERA)' J. T. POLHEMUS AND C. N. MCKINNON (JTP) 3115S. York, Englewood, Colorado 80110; (CNM) 1536S. Pierson #118, Lakewood, Colorado 80226. Abstract.— Hebrus longivillus, n. sp., and Hebrus spiculus, n. sp., are described from Arizona and Mesoamerica, respectively. Hebrus amnicus Drake and Chap- man is established as a new junior synonym of Hebrus beameri Porter. This paper is the fifth of a series intended to revise the Hebridae of the Western Hemisphere. A similar scope was intended by Porter (1950) in his unpublished thesis, but this work is outdated and a complete revision would now be necessary even if it had been published. Porter’s work nonetheless has been valuable to us, and his contribution is to be commended. This paper is based mainly on material in the authors’ collections and the Chapman collection at the American Museum of Natural History. Type dispo- sitions are given under each species. Institutional and private collection abbre- viations are as follows: American Museum of Natural History, New York, AMNH; National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USNM; California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CAS; J. T. Polhemus Collection, JTP; C. N. McKinnon Collection, CNM. Unless otherwise stated, for all measurements 40 units = 1 mm. Hebrus beameri Porter Fig. 1 Hebrus beameri Porter, 1952, J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. 25: 9 (Kansas). Hebrus amnicus Drake and Chapman, 1953, Great Basin Nat. 13: 10 (Georgia). NEw SYNONYMY. The comparison of many specimens of Hebrus amnicus with paratypes and topotypes of H. beameri leads us to conclude that they are conspecific. Although the specimens of H. amnicus from Georgia have shorter hemelytra than the specimens from Kansas and Indiana (Table 1), we have found that this character varies among different populations as well as within a population. The specimens from Kansas are lighter in coloration and the posterior lobe of the ! Contribution from the University of Colorado Museum, Boulder, Colorado 80309 and Martin Marietta Corporation, Denver, Colorado 80201. VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 111 Table 1. Variation among three samples of Hebrus beameri (all measurements in mm). Locality Character n x s Low High Sex Ga. Length i 1.87 0.05 1.78 1.92 ) Ind. Length 5 1.95 0.08 1.85 2.08 rs) Kans Length 10 1.82 0.04 Nas 1.89 3 Ga. Width U 0.69 0.03 0.63 0.71 é$ Ind. Width 5 0.74 0.02 On 2 0.77 $ Kans. Width 10 0.71 0.02 0.69 0.75 é Ga. Wing length 7 0.76 0.06 0.63 0.82 é$ Ind. Wing length 5 0.92 0.07 0.85 1.00 rs) Kans. Wing length 10 0.98 0.06 0.89 1.05 3 Ga Length I 2.09 0.10 1.89 2.19 @ mrt Ind Length 3 223 0.13 2.08 2.33 Q Kans Length 10 2.05 0.04 1.98 2.14 Q Ga Width 7 0.75 0.03 0.71 0.79 Q Ind Width 3 0.81 0.05 0.76 0.85 g Kans Width 10 0.78 0.03 0.74 0.82 Q Ga. Wing length i 0.88 0.10 0.76 1.02 Q Ind. Wing length 3 1.03 0.16 0.88 1.20 Q Kans. Wing length 10 1.05 0.09 0.86 1.18 g pronotum is more punctate, but the male genitalia and antennal segments agree well among the three populations. A redescription and figures of the male genitalia are given below. This should help in separating this species from other brachypterous species. Brachypterous male.— Moderately long; head fuscous piceous, pronotum and scutellum fuscous; venter black becoming fuscous at connexiva with scattered short pubescence, segment 1 dull, lacking pubescence; rostral canal ridge with long golden setae. Antennal segments I and II short and moderately incrassate, clothed with short setae; segments III—V slender with scattered long golden setae; measurements—I, 10; II, 7; III, 9; IV, 5; V, 9. Rostrum testaceous, extending beyond posterior coxae; bucculae fuscescent, long, extending to prothorax, with locking mechanism; lorum not sutured off from genae, with moderately long setae; genae straight and pronounced. Eyes dark red and coarsely faceted; ocelli small. Head declivent, with 2 anastomosing rows of tiny pits, lacking median sulcus on vertex. Legs moderately long with femora moderately enlarged and clothed with short golden setae. Pronotum twice as wide across humeral angles as median length (27:16); median sulcus as deep as wide, extending well onto posterior lobe, ending anteriorly in a deep pit; pronotal collar encircled with a complete row of tiny pits; anterior and posterior lobes separated by moderate constriction; lobes separated by a transverse line of 6 deep pits; disk of posterior lobe punctate, broadly raised. Scutellum with deeply impressed basal part divided by median carina, edges raised; apex rounded, with small notch, scutellum about twice as wide as median length (13:6). Hemelytra moderately long, not reaching hind margin of connexiva; clavus and corium smoky white; membrane chestnut brown; inner and outer veins fuscous anteriorly becoming piceous posteriorly; inner vein 112 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON B oe ae S A pees ea C 1 Fig. 1. Hebrus beameri, male. A, Genital capsule (short setae not shown). B, C. Right paramere, two views. produced at distal end; calvus, corium and veins with scattered moderately long setae. Genitalia: Male capsule small, robust, with scattered short setae (Fig. 1A); parameres small, with distal hook (Figs. 1B, C). Length, 1.76 mm; width 0.68 mm across humeri (Kansas). Female.— Very similar to male, except slightly longer. Length, 2.08 mm; width 0.77 mm across humeri (Kansas). Macropterous form.— Unknown. Material.— KANSAS: 7 4, 15 2, topotypes, Meade Co. St. Pk., 1V-28-1979, CL6, C. N. McKinnon (CNM); paratypes of beameri, 1 6, 2 2, Meade Co. St. Pk., VI- 7-1950, R. H. Beamer (JTP). INDIANA: 3 6, 4 2, Monroe Co., II-23-1961, J. C. Schaffner (JTP). GEORGIA: 1 4, Calhoun, IV-7-1958, H. C. Chapman; 2 4, 2 9, Calhoun, VIII-18-1965, H. C. Chapman; 1 6, 3 2, Calhoun, Sugar Valley, VIII- 15-1976, H. C. Chapman (AMNH, JTP). OHIO: 1 6, Washington Co., Veto Lk. St. Pk., [X-7-1981, CL51, C. N. McKinnon (CNM). Comparative notes. — This species is closely allied to Hebrus obscurus Polhemus and Chapman and the brachypterous form of H. consolidus Uhler. Hebrus beameri can be separated from H. obscurus by the absence of a deep sulcus on the vertex of the head. The small size and pearly white portion of the clavus of H. consolidus separates it from H. beameri. The Kansas specimens were collected from the banks of spring fed streams. Most of the Georgia and Indiana specimens were collected under stones from streams (Drake and Chapman, 1953, 1958; Polhemus and Chapman, 1966). With intensive collecting in similar habitats, this species should be found throughout the eastern states. Hebrus longivillus Polhemus and McKinnon, NEw SPECIES Fig. 2 Macropterous male.— Moderately long, head, pronotum and scutellum fuscous piceous; venter black becoming blackish brown on connexiva. Legs and antenna VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 113 \A4 mm Fig. 2. Hebrus longivillus, male. A, Genital capsule (short setae not shown). B, Right paramere. testaceous. Eye reddish brown, moderately large, coarsely faceted. Antennae mod- erately long, segments I and II short and moderately incrassate with short setae; III-V, slender and densely clothed with long golden setae; measurements—I, 7; II, 5; III, 7; IV, 5; V, 6. Rostrum testaceous, ending between 2nd and 3rd coxae; bucculae rufous, long with locking mechanism distally; lorum kidney shaped, sutured off from genae; genae straight, not prominent. Legs moderately long, femora moderately enlarged and anteriorly truncate; anterior femur, trochanter clothed with short golden setae, much longer ventrally. Head declivent, with 2 anastomosing rows of pits, lacking a median sulcus on vertex; ocelli small. Prono- tum almost twice as wide across humeral angles as median length (30:15); median sulcus depth subequal to width, ending anteriorly in deep pit; row of small pits encircling pronotum just behind collar. Anterior and posterior lobes separated by moderate constriction having 4 moderately deep pits in a transverse line; disk of posterior lobe broadly raised. Scutellum with the deeply impressed basal part divided by median carina, edges raised; apex rounded, with tiny notch. Scutellum width twice median length (17:9). Hemelytra long, reaching hind margin of con- nexiva; clavus and corium milky white becoming smoky brown posteriorly, mem- brane smoky brown with numerous small white spots; inner and outer veins light brown anteriorly becoming piceous posteriorly; inner vein not produced distally. Clavus, corium and veins with scattered recumbent golden setae. Venter thickly clothed with short recumbent golden setae, except Ist segment bare; 2 lateral longitudinal patches of long setae (1 + 1), extending across first 3 abdominal sterna. Thoracic pleura each with isolated patch of recumbent golden pubescence. Genital capsule moderately long, with 2 longitudinal rows of long setae extending posteriorly (Fig. 2A); parameres cyclindrical and short with point located cephalad of distal end, ending with very long dense tufts of setae (Fig. 2B). Length, 2.26 mm; width 0.93 mm across humeri. Macropterous female.—Similar to male, but more robust and lacks the 2 long tufts of setae on the first 3 ventral abdominal segments. Length (allotype), 2.23 mm; width 0.93 mm across humeri. Material.— Holotype, ¢, Arizona, Forestdale, [V-15-65, J. T. Polhemus (JTP). Allotype, 2, Arizona, Forestdale, VIII-27-80, C. N. McKinnon (CNM). Paratypes as follows, all from Forestdale, Arizona, C. N. McKinnon collector: 3 6, 3 2, VIII- 114 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON |A4 mm 3 Fig. 3. Hebrus spiculus, male. A, Genital capsule (short setae not shown). B, C, Right paramere, two views. 27-80; 1 2, Ruin Spring, VII-3-81; 1 3, 1 2, Spring #1 nr. Trading Post, VII-3-81; 1 6, 1 2, Spring #2, VII-3-81 (JTP, CNM). Comparative notes.— This species closely resembles Hebrus buenoi Drake and Harris and H. comatus Drake and Harris, but can easily be separated by the lack of a median sulcus on the vertex of the head and by the distinctive parameres. In H. buenoi the long distal setae on the parameres are shorter proportionally than in H. longivillus, and the parameres of the two species differ in shape; the parameres of H. comatus are cylindrical distally thus differing greatly in shape from those of either buenoi or longivillus. The very long setae on the first three ventral abdominal segments is also a good specific character for this species that will separate it from its congeners. These long setae are not present in the other species described here or other Hebrus species we have studied except Hebrus buenoi Drake and Harris in which they are one-half as long as in /ongivillus. The Forestdale specimens were collected under rocks and logs along a small spring fed stream in a wooded area. This locality is also the type-locality for Hebrus obscura Polhemus and Chapman (1966). Etymology.—The name J/ongivillus (long & villus, Latin, masculine) refers to the long tufts of setae on the parameres and proctiger. Hebrus spiculus Polhemus and McKinnon, NEw SPECIES Fig. 3 Macropterous male.—Elongate; head, pronotum and scutellum fusco-rufous with a bluish-green metallic sheen; venter fuscous becoming dark brown on con- nexiva. Legs, antenna and bucculae testaceous. Eyes reddish brown, moderately large, coarsely faceted. Antenna long, segments I and II slightly incrassate with short pubescence; III—V, slender, clothed with long golden setae, measurements— I, 6; II, 5; III, 7; IV, 4; V, 7. Rostrum testaceous, ending behind posterior coxae; bucculae long with locking mechanism distally; lorum clothed with dense setae; genae straight, not prominent. Legs moderately long with the femora moderately enlarged; clothed with short golden setae; trochanter length twice its median width; head declivent, with 2 anastoming rows of pits, lacking median sulcus on vertex; VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 GUS) ocelli small. Pronotum twice as wide across humeral angle as median length (24: 12). Median sulcus weakly pronounced on posterior lobe, ending anteriorly with a deep pit; complete row of small pits encircling pronotum just behind collar. Anterior and posterior lobes separated by a moderate constriction with 2 deep pits in transverse line, demarcated from anterior pit of median sulcus: disk of posterior lobe broadly raised. Scutellum with deeply impressed basal part divided by median carina, edges raised; apex rounded, bifid, fine recumbent golden setae on tip; apex raised, width % greater than the median length (11:7). Hemelytra long, reaching hind margin of connexiva; corium piceous, clavus with a pearly white wedge anteriorly, piceous posteriorly. Membrane brown with a white oval spot next to corium. Corium and clavus with scattered long recumbent golden setae. Venter black, becoming piceous on connexiva, clothed with short recumbent setae. Rostral canal ridges with row of long setae along entire length. Genitalia: Male capsule elongate with scattered short setae (Fig. 3A); parameres with distal hook, inside with a distinct spur (Fig. 3B). Length, 1.63 mm; width 0.65 mm across humeri. Female.—Similar to male, but slightly longer. Length, 1.78 mm; width 0.73 mm across humeri. Material.— Holotype, 3, and allotype, 2, Costa ‘uca, San Isidro del General, 1-6-1970, CL1302, J. T. Polhemus, in Polhemus Cuilection. Paratypes as follows, all from COSTA RICA: 1 6, 5 2, same data as holotype; 2 6, 4 2, Palmar Norte, I-6-1970, CL1302a, J. T. Polhemus; 2 6, 4 2, Palmar Norte, XII-28-1969, CL1280, J. T. Polhemus; 1 2, Rio de Barranca, I-10-1970, CL1306, J. T. Polhemus; 1 4, San Vito de Java, XII-29-1969, CL1285, J. T. Polhemus. PANAMA: | 4, 1 9, San Carlos, I-9-1970, CL1300, J. T. Polhemus. COLOMBIA: | 4, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Pueblo Bello (1200m), IV-14&15-1968, Borys Malkin. Paratypes in AMNH, USNM, CAS, and collections of both authors. Comparative notes.—This species closely resembles Hebrus consolidus Uhler, H. major Champion, and H. usingeri Drake and Harris. Hebrus spiculus can easily be separated from these species by the distinct spur on the inner surface of the parameres and by the longitudinal median sulcus of the pronotum. While the paramere of H. usingeri has a minute spur on its inner surface, this spur is not prominent as in spiculus. Hebrus major is much larger and the median sulcus extends onto the pronotal collar, whereas in H. spiculus this sulcus ends before the collar. The small size and differently shaped parameres of H. consolidus will separate this species from H. spiculus. Etymology.—The name spiculus (Latin; masculine) means point which refers to the spur on the inner surface of the paramere. LITERATURE CITED Drake, C. J. and H. C. Chapman. 1953. Distributional data and description of a new hebrid. Great Basin Nat. 13: 9-11. . 1958. New Neotropical Hebridae, including a catalogue of the American species. J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 48: 317-326. Polhemus, J. T. and H. C. Chapman. 1966. Notes on some Hebridae from the United States with the description of a new species. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 68: 207-211. Porter, T. W. 1950. Taxonomy of the American Hebridae and the natural history of selected species. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, University of Kansas, Lawrence. . 1952. Three new species of Hebridae (Hemiptera) from the Western Hemisphere. J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. 25: 9-12. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 85(1), 1983, pp. 116-120 A NEW SPECIES OF DIORYCTRIA ZELLER (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) FROM TEXAS ANDRE BLANCHARD AND EDWARD C. KNUDSON (AB) 3023 Underwood, Houston, Texas 77025; (ECK) 804 Woodstock, Bellaire, Texas 77401. Abstract.—Dioryctria caesirufella is described and male and female imagines and genitalia are figured. Imagines and inflated vesicae of the most closely allied species, D. pygmaeella Ragonot, are figured for comparison. Over the course of several years collecting at various localities on the Edwards Plateau in central Texas, the authors accumulated a large series of a phycitine which bears a strong resemblance to Dioryctria pygmaeella Ragonot. Through the kind assistance of Vernon Brou, D. C. Ferguson, and the late Charles P. Kimball, comparative series of this insect were obtained from Louisiana, South Carolina, and Florida. In addition, two examples of pygmaeella were collected by the junior author in eastern Texas, near Conroe. Dioryctria caesirufella Blanchard and Knudson, NEw SPECIES Figs. 1, 2, 5-13 Description. — Head: Front and vertex light ochreous. Labial palpus gray with reddish dusting, upturned, exceeding front by nearly 1 eye diameter. Maxillary palpus small, squamous. Antenna simple, pubescent, gray. First segment of fla- gellum elongate. Small medial spines arise from 2nd and 3rd segments. Thorax: Tegula and mesonotum gray with reddish dusting. Forewing: Ground color bluish gray with reddish dusting, mainly along costa. Antemedial line white, angled shortly outward from costa and inwardly excavate on fold, so that overall course is nearly vertical. Within antemedial line are nearly vertical bands of dull yellow, bright reddish orange, violet brown, white, and blackish brown, respectively, from line toward base. Reddish shade widest and most noticeable, even in worn examples. Antemedial line bordered outwardly with black, merging into a subtriangular costal spot. Cell spot white, crescentic. Subterminal line white, with a sharp inwardly directed cusp at cell and again on fold, margined inwardly with black, outwardly with reddish orange. Terminal line black. Fringe gray. Hindwing: Ochreous gray, darker along outer margin. Fringe light gray. Length of forewing: Male: N = 8, 7.2-10.4 mm, average 8.7 mm; female: N = 9, 8.3-10.5 mm, average 9.4 mm. Male genitalia (Figs. 5-7, 9-13): Extremely similar to D. pygmaeella, with major difference in vesica (Figs. 9-13). In both species are 3 groups of cornuti, borne on diverticula. Near proximal end (closest to aedeagus), is a cluster of small cornuti VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 117 Figs. 1-8. 1, 2, 5-8, Dioryctria caesirufella. 3, 4, D. pygmaeella. 1, Male holotype, Kerr Co., Tex., Kerrville St. Pk., 19-VIII-80. 2, Female paratype, same data as holotype. 3, Male, St. John Parrish, La., Edgard. 4, Female, same data as Fig. 3. 5, Aedeagus of paratype, slide ECK 20, same data as holotype. 6, Male genitalia of paratype, slide ECK 20. 7, Compound ventral tufts of paratype male, slide AB 3394, Blanco Co., Tex., Pedernales Falls St. Pk., 4-V-73. 8, Female genitalia of paratype, slide ECK 19, same data as holotype. The lines in Figs. 6-8 represent 1 mm. 118 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Figs. 9-18. 9-13, Dioryctria caesirufella. 14-18, D. pygmaeella. 9, Inflated vesica of paratype, slide ECK 327, same locality as holotype, 15-V-82. 10, Inflated vesica of paratype, slide ECK 331, same data as Fig. 9. 11, Inflated vesica of paratype, slide ECK 326, same data as Fig. 9. 12, Inflated vesica of paratype, slide ECK 335, same data as Fig. 9. 13, Inflated vesica of paratype, slide ECK 169, Kerr Co., Tex., Hunt, 23-VIII-81. 14, Inflated vesica, slide USNM 56094, McClellanville, S.C., Wedge Plantation, 5-VIII-75. 15, Inflated vesica, slide USNM 56070, same locality as Fig. 14, 30- VII-73. 16. Inflated vesica, slide USNM 56072, same locality as Fig. 14, 31-VII-75. 17, Inflated vesica, slide ECK 370, St. John Parrish, La., Edgard, 2-VII-79. 18, Inflated vesica, slide ECK 55, Montgomery Co., Tex., Conroe, 14-IX-77. The line in Fig. 9 represents 1 mm. Figs. 9-18 are all the same scale. VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 NE) and a small sclerotized plate. In caesirufella, these cornuti number from 5-8. In pygmaeella (Figs. 14-18), these cornuti fewer in number or occasionally absent (Fig. 15). Difference in number may reflect fact that cornuti are deciduous. Distally, near ejaculatory duct, is a cluster of from 7-10 curved cornuti on a small diver- ticulum, and a single straight cornutus on a large diverticulum. In caesirufella, curved cornuti much smaller and more delicate than in pygmaeeila, their average length being '2 of those in pygmaeella. Single, separate cornutus in caesirufella, averages */4 the length of that in pygmaeella. Female genitalia (Fig. 8): Not significantly different from pygmaeeila. Holotype (Fig. 1).—é, Kerrville State Park, Kerr Co., Texas, 19-VIII-80, col- lected by E. Knudson and deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. Paratypes.—Same locality as holotype, 19-VIII-80, 3 6, 8 2 and 15-V-82, 25 4, 18 9; Kerr Co., Texas, 10 miles west of Hunt, 22-VIII-81, 2 3, 1 2; Comal Co., Texas, Canyon Lake, 20-V-79, 2 9, all collected by E. Knudson; Blanco Co., Texas, Pedernales Falls State Park, 4-V-73, 1 6; Boundary of Hays and Comal counties, Texas, El Rancho Cima, 29-VIII-75, collected by A. & M. E. Blanchard. Remarks. — Aside from genitalic differences outlined above, there are differences in the imagines of caesirufella and pygmaeella in color and maculation. Dioryctria caesirufella is predominantly bluish gray with a contrasting reddish orange band inside the antemedial line. Dioryctria pygmaeella is a darker purplish brown, being much more heavily suffused with red. The reddish shade inside the ante- medial line is less contrasting. The reddish shade outside the subterminal line is broader in pygmaeella than in caesirufella. In pygmaeella, the antemedial line tends to be outwardly oblique from the costa, whereas, in caesirufella, it is generally vertical. The course of the subterminal line in pygmaeella tends to be straighter, the cusps being replaced by shallow indentations. Another difference is size, pyg- maeella being smaller. The length of the forewing in nine pygmaeella males ranged from 6.7—8.6 mm, averaging 7.6 mm; in ten females, from 7.2—8.5 mm, averaging 7.9 mm. The range of the two species does not overlap, caesirufella having been collected in four counties on the Edwards Plateau in central Texas, while pygmaeella is widely distributed from the middle Atlantic states through Florida, and thence along the Gulf Coast region into eastern Texas. Dioryctria pygmaeella is known to feed on bald-cypress (Taxodium distichum (L.) L. C. Rich, Taxaceae), and this is also the presumed foodplant of caesirufella, as all specimens were collected in close proximity to this tree. However, there is a gap that occurs in the distribution of bald-cypress in Texas, separating the eastern populations from the Edwards Plateau population by about 200 miles. According to Lynn Lowrey of Conroe, Texas, a recognized expert on Texas trees, “Although there is no recognized subspecific or varietal difference between the eastern populations and central Texas populations of bald-cypress, attempts to transplant individuals of each population to the other region have failed, which indicates, at least, a difference in the growing requirements of the two populations.” Dioryctria caesirufella seems to have well- defined spring and fall broods, whereas pygmaeella appears to be multiple brooded, with records (from Louisiana) covering every month from April through Septem- ber. 120 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors are extremely grateful to D. C. Ferguson, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, for examining the manuscript and the type-material and his very helpful comments and suggestions. We also commend the remarkable efforts of Vernon Brou in obtaining a large series of pygmaeella from Louisiana, which had previously not been known from that state. As always, we are grateful to the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department for their continued cooperation with our work. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 85(1), 1983, pp. 121-127 ETHOLOGY OF LAPHYSTIA RUFOFASCIATA CURRAN (DIPTERA: ASILIDAE) IN WYOMING! R. J. LAVIGNE, M. POGUE, AND P. JOHNSON Entomology Section, University of Wyoming, Box 3354, University Station, Laramie, Wyoming 82071. Abstract.— Laphystia rufofasciata Curran has a limited distribution in southern Wyoming. No courtship occurs in this species and males take a simple male over female mating position. This species captures prey in the air and manipulates it with the fore- and hindtarsi while resting on the substrate. The most commonly taken prey belong to the orders Diptera and Homoptera. Laphystia rufofasciata Curran was described in 1931 from specimens collected in Green River and Rock Springs, Wyoming. Wilcox (1960) added Rangely, Colorado, to its distribution, and in 1978, the senior author collected a series of specimens in an intermittent stream bed 23.9 mi. S. of Wamsutter, Carbon County, Wyoming. So far as is presently known, the species is restricted distributionally to northwestern Colorado and southern Wyoming. A population of these asilids was located at Thayer Junction, a railroad siding 27 km northeast of Rock Springs in Sweetwater County. Since nothing was known of the behavior of members of this genus, a study was initiated in 1976 (19-26 July), and continued in 1977 (20-21 July) and 1979 (24 July—2 Aug). Adults of L. rufofasciata were found within and along the banks of intermittent stream beds (Fig. 1). The dominant vegetation on the banks of the streams was Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook.) Torr. (black greasewood) and Chrysothamnus linifolius Greene (rabbitbrush). Diurnal short distance migrations are characteristic of this species. Prior to ca. 1000 h, asilids are found resting on sand among plants on the stream bank. Thereafter, as temperatures rise above 38°C, the flies drift downwards to the damp sand along the narrow watercourse, which may or may not contain water, as well as onto various “‘islands.”” The bulk of the day is spent in this moderated envi- ronment, and, ca. 1700 h, there is a reverse migration to the nocturnal resting place. Voucher specimens on which this paper is based have been placed in the ento- mological collection of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., as Lot #46. ! Published with the approval of the Director, Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, as Journal Article No. JA. 1175. 122 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON FORAGING AND FEEDING BEHAVIOR Laphystia rufofasciata foraged under sunny skies when soil surface temperatures exceeded 24°C. On cloudy or windy days little or no foraging took place. Unlike many other asilid species which sometimes utilize vegetation, L. rufofasciata always initiated flights from sunlit or shaded sand. Prior to attack initation either the asilid’s head only or the entire body is turned towards the organism. Additionally, if large fast-moving insects fly nearby, the same behavior is exhibited by the robber flies. Approximately half the attacks (52%) are initiated towards potential prey 15— 20 cm distant. Most of the remaining observed forage flights (44%) covered dis- tances ranging from 20 to 60 cm. Only 4% exceeded 60 cm. Successful forage flights resulting in prey capture covered distances of 9 to 30 cm with 72% being less than 20 cm. Prey is ordinarily picked out of the air, but on one occasion a female collected a crawling mite and on another a male made two unsuccessful strikes at a small crawling microlepidopteran. Foraging efficiency appears to be good. The predator averages six forage flights before taking prey, with 30% of the first observed attempts being successful. Unsuccessful attempts to secure prey were caused by the following: 1) The prey either outdistanced the pursuer or exhibited evasive flight; 2) asilids flew towards potential prey but then turned back before making contact; and 3) the insect was contacted, held briefly and then released. The asilids had particular trouble sub- duing tiny wasps. A female collected a wasp, circled several times, landed, flipped on her back, manipulated the prey with all six tarsi for a short time, and then released it. Within a minute’s time she repeated the exercise with the same result. When contact with prey was made, the asilid would swing back and forth in the air, much in the manner of a courting male Stichopogon trifasciatus (Say) (Lavigne and Holland, 1969), but manipulating the prey. The prey was always impaled on the asilid’s proboscis when returning from a successful forage flight. Usually the proboscis is initially inserted dorsally or dorsolaterally into the prey’s thorax. Subsequent prey manipulation depended upon the size of prey taken. Prey measuring 2.0 mm or over may be manipulated several times while feeding takes place. Smaller prey are not manipulated. The asilid uses it’s fore- and hindtarsi to manipulate the prey. The tip of the abdomen is brought to rest upon the substrate, and in combination with the midtarsi acts as a tripod to steady the asilid during prey manipulation. When feeding is completed, the prey is wiped from the proboscis using the foretarsi, either on site (67%) or in flight (33%) (N = 39). Laphystia rufofasciata may take flight after prey, with a prey still impaled on its proboscis. If so, the original prey is pushed off before contact is made with the new prey. Feeding activity has been recorded as early as 0840 h and as late as 1707 h (soil surface temperatures 24° and 34°C, respectively). While feeding activity by females is more or less continuous from 0900 to 1700 h, peaks of feeding were observed between 1200-1300 and 1400-1600 h. Males, on the other hand, appar- ently spend much of their time searching for females. Of the 130 prey collected where the sex of the predator was ascertained, only 25 (19%) had been taken by males. Like most asilid species, the length of time Laphystia rufofasciata spends feeding VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 123 Fig. 1. Intermittent stream habitat of Laphystia rufofasciata at Thayer Junction, Sweetwater Co., Wyoming. on a prey is somewhat variable, but a positive correlation with prey size exists (r = 0.7). Large prey such as mosquitoes and dolichopodids (4 mm) were fed upon longer than were aphids and cecidomyiids (2 mm). The average feeding time per prey was 7.77 min (N = 22), ranging from 1.5 to 31 min. During feeding the asilid’s abdomen is sometimes rapidly moved up and down, but the function of this behavior is unclear. PREY SELECTION Based on the definition used by Lavigne and Holland (1969), we classify L. rufofasciata as euryphagic. Of the 137 recorded prey, 59.1% are Diptera, 16.8% are Homoptera, 9.5% are Hemiptera, 7.3% are Hymenoptera, 3.7% are Araneae, 1.5% are Coleoptera, 1.5% are Psocoptera, and 0.6% are Lepidoptera. Although the predators are fairly uniform in size, with the male (X 8.4 mm, N = 28) being smaller than the female (x 9.4 mm, N = 7), the prey size ranged widely. Prey taken by males ranged from 0.8 mm-—4.8 mm with the mean size being 1.65 mm (N = 26). Prey taken by females ranged from 0.5 mm-6.3 mm with the mean size being 2.19 mm (N = 97). The predator to prey ratio is one of the largest for species of Asilidae thus far studied in Wyoming, being 5.09:1 for males and 4.29:1 for females (Table 1). Only Heteropogon wilcoxi James has a larger ratio (8.42:1) (Lavigne and Holland, 1969). The size of prey was assumed to be the determining factor of prey selection in this species. At the site 23.9 mi south of Wamsutter mentioned earlier, adults of both sexes of L. rufofasciata were slightly smaller than those at Thayer Junction although 124 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Table 1. Relation between length of Laphystia rufofasciata and its prey. Mea Predator Length (mm)! Prey length (mm) No. of Ratio of TS SEE Eee Prey Predator Sex Minimum Maximum Mean Minimum Maximum Mean Measured to Prey Male 7.6 8.8 8.4 0.8 4.8 1.6 26 Dal Female 8.9 9.9 9.4 05 6.3 Dee 97 4.3 ' Predator size: 6¢ (N = 28) X = 8.44 + 0.33, 92 (N= 7) X= 9.4 + 0.34. the male to female size proportions were comparable (6 X 8.2, N= 10; 2 x 9.1, N = 9). Presumably members of this population took slightly smaller prey. Separation of prey records on the basis of sex shows that Diptera are the overwhelming choice for both sexes (Table 2), with the second choice being Hymenoptera for males and Homoptera for females. Since prey were collected from Laphystia in two different years, it was of interest to see if there was any difference in prey selection between years. As can be seen in Table 3, Diptera and Homoptera were the most often taken prey in both 1976 and 1979 with Diptera being the most preferred. These data are similar to those presented by Adamovic (1963) for Dysmachus bilobus Loew in Yugoslavia. Herein is presented the list of prey taken by L. rufofasciata. Specific identifi- cations are presented where possible, but the state of taxonomic knowledge and/ or the condition of the specimen sometimes precluded its identification to defin- itive levels. The number of observations and sex, when known, of the predator are indicated in parentheses following the prey taxa. ARACHNIDA, Araneae: undet. vii-21-76 (3 2, ?), vii-26-76 (?). COLEOP- TERA, Staphylinidae: vii-21-76 (2), vii-23-76 (?). DIPTERA, Agromyzidae: Cer- odontha dorsalis (Loew), vii-23-76 (2); Anthomyiidae: Hylemya platura (Meigen), vii-27-79 (2); Bombyliidae: Geron sp., vii-25-79 (2), Phthiria sp., vii-27-79 (9), undet., vii-20-76 (6), vii-25-76 (6); Cecidomyiidae: Anarete sp., vii-25-76 (8), vii- 24-76 (2), Micromya johannseni (Felt), vii-25-79 (2), Neolasioptera sp., vii-27-79 (3 2), vil-1-79 (6); Ceratopogonidae: Dasyhelea mutabilis (Coquillett), vii-24-76 (2), vil-25-76 (8), vii-26-76 (2), Leptoconops sublettei Clastrier, vii-21-76 (9), vii- 26-76 (6); Chamaemyiidae: undet., vii-21-76 (2); Chironomidae: Cricotopus sp., Table 2. Total numbers and percentages of prey of different taxa captured by males and females of Laphystia rufofasciata. Does not include 7 prey for which the sex of the predator is unknown. Male Female Taxa No. % "y) SING Alp Cl ei Range (mm) x Araneae — 3 2.9 0.5-2.5 1.14 Coleoptera — 1 0.95 2.4 — Diptera 17 68 61 58.1 0.7-3.9 2.04 Hemiptera 1 4 12 11.4 1.7-3.4 DES 2 Homoptera 2 8 20 19.0 0.8-4.0 2.28 Hymenoptera 3 12 7 6.7 0.6-6.3 1.88 Lepidoptera 1 4 = 4.8 — Psocoptera 1 4 1 0.95 0.8-1.8 1.33 Totals 25 100 105 100 0.5-6.3 216 VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 125 Table 3. Comparison of numbers and percentages of prey of different taxa captured by Laphystia rufofasciata in 1976 versus 1979. 1976 1979 Total Taxa No. % No. % GRPNG os % Ee Araneae 5 5.3 _ 5 3.6 Coleoptera 2 2.0 _ 2 eS Diptera 53 54.6 28 70.0 81 59.1 Hemiptera 13 13.4 —_ 13 9.5 Homoptera 13 13.4 10 25.0 23 16.8 Hymenoptera 9 9.3 1 2.5 10 Tes: Lepidoptera — — 1 2.5 1 0.7 Psocoptera 2 2.0 — 2) bss’ Totals 97 100 40 100 137 100 vii-26-79 (2); Chloropidae: Conioscinella flavescens (Tuck.), vii-21-76 (2), vii-23- 76 (2 2), vii-24-76 (3 9), vil-25-76 (2), Meromyza communis Fed., vii-21-76 (9), Olcella sp., vii-26-76 (2), Oscinella frit (L.), vii-26-76 (?), Siphonella neglecta Beck., vii-26-76 (6, 2), vii-1-79 (9), Thaumatomyia pulla (Adams), vii-26-79 (2), vii-27-79 (2), undet., vii-24-76 (2); Culicidae: undet. vii-20-76 (?); Dolichopodidae: Asyndetus sp., vii-21-76 (2), vii-24-76 (2), Thinophilus sp., vii-23-76 (2 2); Dro- sophilidae: undet., vii-22-76 (2); Ephydridae: Atissa pygmaea (Haliday), vii-21- 76 (2), v1i-24-76 (2 6, 2), vii-25-76 (2 6, 2), vii-26-76 (6), vii-27-79 (2 2); Lon- chopteridae: undet., vii-20-76 (2); Muscidae: undet., vii-21-76 (2); Pipunculidae: Pipunculus sp., vii-31-79 (2); Scatopsidae: Scatopse fuscipes (Meigen), vii-21-76 (2); Sciaridae: Bradysia sp., vii-21-76 (2), vii-26-76 (2); Sepsidae: Sepsis sp., vii- 26-76 (2); Sphaeroceridae: Leptocera sp., vii-24-76 (2), vil-25-76 (2 2); Tachinidae: Hyalomya aldrichii Townsend, vii-25-76 (2 2, ?), vil-26-79 (4 9), vili-1-79 (68); Tethinidae: Pelomyia coronata (Loew), vii-26-79 (2), undet., vii-25-79 (2). HEMIPTERA. Anthocoridae: Orius sp., vii-26-76 (2); Miridae: undet., vii-20-76 (4 9), vil-21-76 (2 2), vii-24-76 (2 2), vii-25-76 (6), vii-26-76 (2); Saldidae: Saldula sp., Vii-26-76 (2). HOMOPTERA, Aphididae: Aphis sp., vii-20-76 (2), undet., vii- 25-79 (?); Cicadellidae: Aceratagallia poudris Oman, vii-20-76 (6, 3 2), vii-21-76 (3 2), Aceratagallia sanguinolenta (Provancher), vii-25-79 (5 2), vii-26-79 (9), Empoasca sp., vii-27-79 (2); Cixiidae: Oliarus sp., vil-26-76 (2); Margarodidae: Craspedolepta nebulosa (Zetterstedt), vii-21-76 (6, 2 2), Craspedolepta suaedae (Crawford), vii-20-76 (2), ?Margarodes sp., vii-25-79 (2). HYMENOPTERA, Encyrtidae: undet., vii-26-76 (2); Eulophidae: Chrysocharis sp., vii-24-76 (9), Chrysonotomyia sp., vii-21-76 (2), undet., vii-24-76 (2); Formicidae: Formica sp. (winged reproductive), vii-20-76 (2); Mymaridae: Gonatocerus sp., vii-25-76 (8). LEPIDOPTERA, undet., vii-31-79 (8). PSOCOPTERA, Lachesillidae: Lachesilla Sp., Vii-20-76 (2); Psocidae: Camelopsocus similis Mockford, vii-26-76 (6). MATING BEHAVIOR Males are much more active than females which is apparently related to mating behavior. Males come and go rapidly, rarely staying in one spot for more than a few seconds. Searching flights of up to 6 m are made by males in their quest for females. These meandering flights, between plants at about 30-90 cm above the 126 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Fig. 2. Copulating pair of Laphystia rufofasciata illustrating the male over female mating position. substrate, are not exhibited by females. Males chase after almost any insect that circles, following about 30 cm behind. Female Laphystia, when chased, exhibit evasive flight, which is obviously an attempt to avoid predation. When a Laphystia female lands, the male also lands and then makes a short hop flight, thus con- fronting the female in a new position in front or to either side. If the female flies off and is lost by the male, he will return repeatedly to the spot where the female was last encountered. Males flying above an object on the soil surface, often circle it, hovering briefly and then fly off. Should the object be a male Laphystia, it will fly up and the two males will circle briefly before flying off in opposite directions, a common occur- rence. If the insect is a Laphystia and doesn’t fly, the male will land on its back and immediately attempt copulation. Of the 36 recorded male-female copulation attempts, 73% occurred between 1200 and 1600 h. Soil surface temperatures recorded at these times ranged from 33 to 50°C (xX 37.9). On two occasions, a male was observed to mount and unsuccessfully copulate with the same female three different times in succession. On two other occasions, prior to the attempt at copulation, males hovered briefly in front of females, with the male’s body swinging from side to side subtending an arc of 35 degrees. Each time the female flew off with the male in pursuit. In three years only two pairs were observed, one a complete mating and one incomplete. The complete mating was initiated at 1125 h (VII-25-79) when a male jumped on the dorsum of the female taking the male atop female position (Fig 2). Copulation ensued and the pair separated at 1130 h, with both specimens flying off in different directions. On another occasion at 1233 h (VII-20-77), a VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 127 mated pair (male atop female) was observed resting on a sandbar. They were disturbed twice by the senior author and then separated. The female flew, followed by the male, and when the female landed copulation reoccurred. The pair remained joined until 1245 h when the male initiated separation by releasing his claspers and flying away. The female remained in place 15-20 sec. and then flew. The substrate temperature under partly cloudy skies was 34.5°C. Soil surface temper- atures at which attempted copulations were observed varied from 33°-50°C (x 36.6, N = 13). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We express our appreciation to the following taxonomists for identification of the various prey: R. H. Foote (Agromyzidae), R. J. Gagné (Cecidomyiidae, Mus- cidae, Scatopsidae, Sciaridae), E. E. Grissell (Eulophidae), L. Knutson (Bomby- liidae), J. P. Kramer (Cicadellidae, Cixiidae), D. R. Miller (Margarodidae), C. W. Sabrosky (Chloropidae, Tachinidae), D. R. Smith (Formicidae), M. B. Stoetzel (Aphididae), F.C. Thompson (Anthomyiidae, Dolichopodidae, Pipunculidae) and W. W. Wirth (Ceratopogonidae, Chironomidae, Ephydridae, Sphaeroceridae, Tethinidae) of the Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA; W. N. Mathis (Ephydridae) of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institu- tion; and E. L. Mockford (Psocoptera) of Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois. LITERATURE CITED Adamovic, Z.R. 1963. Ecology of some asilid-species (Asilidae, Diptera) and their relation to honey bees (Apis mellifica L.) Mus. Hist. Natur. Beograd, Hors serie 30: 1-102. (In Serbian, English Summary.) Lavigne, R. J.and F. R. Holland. 1969. Comparative behavior of eleven species of Wyoming robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae). Univ. Wyo. Agric. Exp. Stn. Sci. Monogr. 18, 61 pp. Wilcox, J. 1960. Laphystia Loew in North America (Diptera: Asilidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 53: 328-346. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 85(1), 1983, pp. 128-138 SUBGENERIC AND SPECIES-GROUP CLASSIFICATION OF THE MAYFLY GENUS ISONYCHIA IN NORTH AMERICA (EPHEMEROPTERA: OLIGONEURIIDAE) BorIs C. KONDRATIEFF AND J. REESE VOSHELL, JR. Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061. Abstract.—The mayfly genus Jsonychia Eaton is divided into two subgenera, Isonychia s.s. and Prionoides, new subgenus, based on distinct morphological features of adults and nymphs of the Nearctic species. Jsonychia s.s. is divided into four species groups based on penes form of male imagoes. Descriptions and keys to these subgenera and species groups are provided. Jsonychia pictipes Traver is a new synonym of Jsonychia arida (Say). Preliminary assignment is also given for the Palearctic, Oriental, and Neotropical species. The genus [sonychia includes approximately 38 species, of which 27 are Nearctic (Edmunds et al., 1976). The remaining species are Palearctic, Oriental, or Neo- tropical. McDunnough (1931) first suggested that the male imagoes of the North Amer- ican species of Jsonychia could be readily divided into two distinct groups. Traver (1932) termed these groups the “‘arida’’ (=sayi of Burks, 1953) and the ‘‘albom- anicata” (=bicolor of McDunnough, 1931) groups. She further suggested that the “albomanicata’’ group may be subdivided into the sicca group using penes form. Traver (1935) and Burks (1953) noted that there were four distinct types of male penes in the Nearctic species. A revision of the Nearctic species by the authors indicated, after careful study of imaginal, nymphal, and egg characters, that Jsonychia consists of two mono- phyletic lineages. Using the criteria of Edmunds (1962), we herein recognize the two lineages as subgenera. Terminology of egg structure follows Koss and Edmunds (1974). Eggs were removed from associated imago females because eggs of late instar nymphs and subimagoes usually were covered with suprachoronic adhesive layers (Koss and Edmunds, 1974; Kopelke and Miiller-Liebenau, 1981). The ratio of the length of the second foretarsal segment to the first foretarsal segment is expressed as the foretarsal ratio. Other morphological terms follow Edmunds et al. (1976). Imagoes and nymphs of all Nearctic species were examined except J. intermedia Eaton, in which case only subimagoes and late-instar nymphs were available. The Palearctic and Oriental species are poorly known. Most available figures of the male genitalia are ventral views, not illustrating important dorsal features. Therefore, the placement of all Palearctic and Oriental species in Jsonychia s.s. are tentative. [sonychia alderensis Lewis is a fossil species from Montana (USA) known from Oligocene sediments. VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 129 r Figs. 1-7. Isonychia (Prionoides). 1-5, Male genitalia, dorsal. 1, J. annulata. 2, I. georgiae. 3, I. sayi. 4, I. serrata. 5, I. aurea. 6, Subanal plate. 7, 7th nymphal gill. Subgenus Prionoides Kondratieff and Voshell, NEw SUBGENUS Type species.—Isonychia georgiae McDunnough. Male imago.— Body length 9-17 mm, forewing 9-16 mm. General body color yellowish brown; median and submedian maculae on abdominal terga brownish or purplish, usually bordering a middorsal stripe; or abdominal terga dark brown with pale yellow anterolateral spots (J. sayi). Wings hyaline with veins and cross- veins reddish brown to purplish black or with veins and crossveins whitish (J. sayi). Prothoracic leg with tarsal ratio .60-.88; femur, tibia, and tarsus brown to purplish brown. Meso- and metathoracic legs yellowish, tarsi sometimes tinged 130 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON with purple. Caudal filaments dark brown or pale with reddish brown articulations or whitish without dark articulations (J. sayi). Male genitalia.—Subgenital plate broadly concave or with only slight postero- median emargination (Fig. 1). Forceps sometimes appearing 5-segmented; length of segment 1 ranges from subequal to '2 that of segment 2. Penes, dorsally with incurved medial flap with prominent sclerotized lateral and marginal serrations and large spines; usually with sclerotized acute anterolateral spines or projections (Figs. 1-4). Female imago.— Body length 9-17 mm, forewing 10-16 mm. Similar macula- tion as male. Legs colored as male. Subanal plate with no or only a slight broad posteromedian emargination (Fig. 6). Caudal filaments as male. Egg.— Biconvex with knob-terminated coiled threads closely spaced at center of one side (Figs. 17-20). Nymph.— Posterior gills without stout sclerotized spines on apical margin (Fig. 7). Single gill at base of each forecoxa, except J. sayi with many gill filaments forming a tuft. Middorsal abdominal stripe present or absent. Etymology.— Feminine; Greek adjective, Prionoides, “‘appearing like a saw,” referring to the penial lobes with dorsal incurved flap with sawlike marginal serrations. Geographic range. — Eastern United States from Maine south to Georgia, except I. sayi which occurs from Montana southeast to Illinois, Missouri, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Florida. Species included.—Jsonychia annulata Traver, I. aurea Traver, I. georgiae McDunnough, /. notata Traver, I. obscura Traver, I. sayi Burks, I. serrata Traver, I. similis Traver, and J. thalia Traver. Discussion. — Male and female imagoes are easily distinguished from Isonychia s.s. by: (1) Subgenital plate broadly concave or slightly emarginate; (2) penes armed dorsally; (3) subanal plate with no or only a slight broad posteromedian emar- gination; (4) biconvex eggs; and (5) usually conspicuous dorsal abdominal color patterns. Mature nymphs may be readily separated by the lack of spines on the apical margin of the posterior gills (Fig. 7) and usually possessing a single gill at the base of each forecoxa (except J. sayi). There are two general shapes of penes in Prionoides. Isonychia annulata, geor- giae, notata, obscura, sayi, serrata, and thalia have acute apical lateral projections which are usually toothed (Figs. 1-4). Isonychia aurea and similis have toothed rounded anterolateral margins instead of the acute lateral projections (Fig. 5). Subgenus Jsonychia Eaton, sensu stricto Isonychia Eaton, 1871: 33, 134. Type-species: J. manca Eaton. Original des- ignation. Male and female imagoes of Jsonychia s.s. are distinguished from Prionoides by: (1) Deeply excavated subgenital plate; (2) penes without incurved and serrated medial flap; (3) subanal plate moderately to deeply emarginate; and (4) eggs spherical to subspherical. Mature nymphs possess stout spines on apical margin of all gills (Fig. 13), and gills in tufts at bases of forecoxae. Isonychia s.s. may be readily divided into four species groups based on male imago penes form. No reliable morphological characters have been found to separate all the female imagoes and nymphs to species group. VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 131 13 Figs. 8-16. JIsonychia (Isonychia). 8-11, 14, 16, Male genitalia, dorsal. 8, J. campestris (sicca group). 9, I. sicca (sicca group). 10, I. tusculanensis (bicolor group). 11, I. bicolor (bicolor group). 12, Subanal plate (bicolor group). 13, 7th nymphal gill (bicolor group). 14. J. arida (arida group). 15, Male foreleg (arida group). 16, I. diversa (diversa group). Sicca Group Male imago.—Body length 8-16 mm, forewing 9-15 mm. General body color reddish brown to dark red; posterior margins of terga purplish black or dark brown, sometimes with indistinct whitish middorsal stripe with bordering sub- median streaks. Isonychia intermedia with abdomen reddish purple with yellow- ish-white maculae. Wings hyaline, veins and crossveins brown to black, sometimes 132 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON appearing tinged with light brown; stigmatic area whitish opaque, Prothoracic leg with tarsal ratio 0.76—1.15; femur reddish brown to brownish yellow; tibia brown to yellowish brown, usually darker brown basally and apically; tarsus yellowish with segments tinged with brown. Meso- and metathoracic legs yellowish to white with tarsal segments usually tinged with red or gray. Caudal filaments yellowish to whitish with brown articulations near bases, but occasionally marking entire filament. Male genitalia. —Subgenital plate with a deep posteromedian emargination, with broadly rounded posterior medial dome (Fig. 8). Forceps 4-segmented sometimes appearing 5-segmented; segment 1, %—4 length of segment 2. Penes with ventral lobe very broadly rounded or subtruncate; dorsal lobe without flap or roll, at most with a slightly sclerotized median margin (Figs. 8—9). Both ventral and dorsal lobe with minute surface spines. Penes length 74—*/s of width. Female imago. — Body length 9-16 mm, forewing 9-15 mm. Similar maculation as male. Legs colored as male. Subanal plate with deep posteromedian notch (as Fig. 12). Caudal filaments same as male. Egg.—Spherical with knob-terminated coiled threads covering entire egg or more densely packed on one hemisphere (Figs. 27-28). Nymph.—Posterior gills with stout sclerotized spines on apical margins (Fig. 13). Forecoxal gills in tufts. Middorsal abdominal stripe present. Geographic range.— Western, midwestern, and southen United States. Central Canada, Mexico, and Mesoamerica. Species included.—Jsonychia campestris McDunnough, I. intermedia (Eaton), I. manca Eaton, I. sicca (Walsh). The Pakistan species, J. khyberensis (Ali) may belong here. Discussion. — The relative simple and short penes readily distinguish this species group. The nymphs are very similar to the other species groups of Jsonychia s.s. and cannot be distinguished presently except by geography. There is apparently an undescribed species from Mexico and Honduras. Bicolor Group Male imago.— Body length 9-16 mm, forewing 9-16 mm. General body color yellowish red to dark red; posterior margins of abdominal terga black, sometimes with indistinct whitish middorsal stripe; additional dark middorsal, submedian, and lateral maculae present in J. ve/ma. Wings variable; usually ranging from hyaline with veins and crossveins whitish and stigmatic area whitish opaque, to veins and crossveins reddish brown with stigmatic area tinged with reddish brown; I. tusculanensis has distal 3 of forewing brown and J. velma has outer margin of hindwing tinged with red. Prothoracic leg with tarsal ratio .79—.95; femur light to dark brown; tibia ranging from whitish to brownish. Meso- and metathoracic legs whitish to yellowish, sometimes tibia, tarsi and claws tinged with red or gray. Caudal filaments vary from whitish to yellowish without dark articulations except for a few basal segments to completely reddish with articulation darker or lighter in color. Male genitalia.—Subgenital plate with deep posteromedian emargination; with broadly rounded posterior medial dome (Fig. 10). Forceps 4-segmented, some- times appearing 5-segmented; segment 1, *4—'2 length of segment 2. Penes with anterior margin of ventral lobe usually undulate; apices of dorsal lobes somewhat VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 133 Figs. 17-20. Isonychia (Prionoides), eggs. 17, I. georgiae, side with knob-terminated coiled threads, 380X. 18, I. sayi, side with knob-terminated coiled threads, 350X. 19, J. annulata, details of knob- terminated coiled threads, 550. 20, J. georgiae, side without knob-terminated coiled threads showing chorionic tagenoform micropyles, 280. divergent, each dorsal lobe with a prominent slightly sclerotized flap or roll on medial edge (Figs. 10-11). Both ventral and dorsal lobe with minute surface spines. Penes length *4 to subequal as wide. Female imago. — Body length 9-16 mm, forewing 9-16 mm. Similar maculation 134 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON as male. Legs colored as male. Subanal plate with moderate to deep posteromedian emargination (Fig. 12). Caudal filaments as male. Egg.— Spherical to slightly flattened at poles with knob-terminated coiled threads closely spaced in a uniform layer covering entire egg or with some areas slightly more dense than others (Figs. 21-24). Nymph.—Posterior gills with stout sclerotized spines on apical margin (Fig. 13). Forecoxal gills in tufts. Middorsal abdominal stripe present or absent. Geographic range.—Eastern and midwestern North America with only one far western species (J. velma) from northern California and Oregon. Species included.—Jsonychia bicolor (Walker) = (albomanicata Needham), I. christina Traver, I. circe Traver, I. fattigi Traver, I. harperi Traver, I. matilda Traver, I. pacoleta Traver, I. rufa McDunnough, J. sadleri Traver, I. tusculanensis Berner, and J. velma Needham. Tentatively most of the other Palearctic and Oriental Jsonychia may be placed here: J. formosana (Ulmer), Formosa; I. grandis (Ulmer), Java and Sumatra; J. ignota (Walker), Eurasia; I. japonica (Ulmer), Japan and Eastern Asia; J. kiangsi- nensis Hsu, China; I. polita Bajkova, USSR; I. sumatrana (Navas)?, Sumatra; /. ussurica Bajikova, USSR; I. validus (Navas)?, Japan; J. winkleri Ulmer, Borneo. Discussion.— This large homogenous group of species may be distinguished in the male imago by the characteristic genitalia. Females cannot be readily separated from the sicca group without associated males. Within the bicolor group most Nearctic species are very similar and are very difficult to distinguish. Arida Group Male imago.— Body length 8-14 mm, forewing 8-13 mm. General body color light red to reddish brown; posterior margins of abdominal terga purplish black; usually with indistinct whitish middorsal stripe with submedian streaks. Wings hyaline, veins and crossveins whitish, stigmatic area whitish opaque. Prothoracic leg with tarsal ratio .70-.95; femur brown, sometimes darker apically, usually margined with black apically; tibia bicolored (Fig. 15), whitish medially, dark brown at base and tip. Meso- and metathoracic legs yellowish. Caudal filaments whitish to yellowish without dark articulations, occasionally several basal seg- ments faintly marked with brown. Male genitalia. —Subgenital plate with deep posteromedian emargination; with rounded medial posterior dome. Forceps 4-segmented, with segment 1 subequal to length of segment 2. Penes with ventral lobe broadly rounded apically, dorsal lobes narrowly rounded apically (Fig. 14). Each dorsal lobe with a small medial slightly sclerotized roll. Both ventral and dorsal lobes with minute spines. Penes usually as wide as long. Female imago.— Body length 11-16.5 mm, forewing 11—16 mm. Similar mac- ulation as male. Legs colored as male. Subanal plate with a moderate to deep median notch as Fig. 12. Caudal filaments as male. Egg.— Spherical, chorion smooth, with knob-terminated coiled threads spaced uniformly on surface; knob-terminated coiled threads with prominent distinct triangular knobs (Figs. 25-26). Nymph.—Posterior gills with stout sclerotized spines on apical margins (Fig. 13). Forecoxal gills in tufts. Middorsal abdominal stripe present or absent. Geographic range. — Virginia south to Florida, west to Mississippi and Illinois. VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 135 Figs. 21-24. Isonychia (Isonychia), eggs of bicolor group. 21, I. bicolor, 375x. 22, I. bicolor, details of knob-terminated coiled threads, 2000x. 23, I. rufa, details of knob-terminated coiled threads, 2000x. 24, I. bicolor, showing variation of density of knob-terminated coiled threads, 500X. Species included. —Jsonychia arida (Say) s.s. Burks, 1953, =Isonychia pictipes Traver, NEw SYNONYMY. Discussion.—This species may be distinguished by the prominent bicolored foretibiae, males penes, and unusual eggs. The nymphs are similar to the bicolor and sicca groups and cannot be presently separated. 136 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Figs. 25-28. Isonychia (Isonychia), eggs. 25, I. arida (arida group), 500X. 26, I. arida, details of knob-terminated coiled threads, 2000. 27, I. sicca (sicca group), 500X. 28, I. sicca, details of knob- terminated coiled threads, 2000. The authors are in agreement with Burks (1953) on the identity of the true arida Say, and it is the same as pictipes Traver in all particulars. Diversa Group Male imago.— Body length 9 mm, forewing 9 mm. General body color brown to reddish brown; posterior margins of terga dark brown with whitish middorsal VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 137 stripe and submedian dark brown streaks. Wings hyaline, veins and crossveins whitish. Prothoracic leg with tarsal ratio of .73; femur dark red, black at apex; tibia blackish; tarsus light reddish brown. Meta- and mesothoracic legs whitish, femora tinged with red. Caudal filaments whitish without dark articulations. Male genitalia. — Subgenital plate with a deep posteromedian emargination, with a broadly rounded medial posterior dome. Forceps 4-segmented; segment 1, 4 as long as segment 2. Base of penes broad, constricted at about *%4 of length, with posterolateral margins of dorsal lobes rounded giving penes a mushroom-like appearance (Fig. 16). Female imago.— Unknown. Egg. — Unknown. Nymph.— Unknown. Geographic range. — Tennessee. Species included.—Jsonychia diversa Traver. Discussion. — The “‘mushroom-like”’ penes readily distinguishes J. diversa males from the other groups of Jsonychia s.s. This species is currently known only from the holotype male from Knoxville, Tennessee collected by Dr. Ainslee. There is an additional subimago male also collected by Dr. Ainslee at the type-locality about three weeks later, but Traver (1934) did not include it as a paratype nor did she include a female imago also from the same locality and time. This badly damaged female imago is not described above since there is no positive associ- ation. The subanal plate of this specimen is similar to the sicca and bicolor groups. KEY TO THE SUBGENERA AND SPECIES GROUPS MALE IMAGOES 1. Subgenital plate broadly concave or with only slight posteromedian emar- gination (Fig. 1); penes dorsally with acute sclerotized lateral and marginal serrations and large spines on incurved flap (Figs. 1-5) ................ pea othe sateen’! Bi ak pol ae ieee ened ae Pini Prionoides, new subgenus — Subgenital plate with deep posteromedian emargination (Figs. 8, 10); penes dorsally without incurved flap bearing sclerotized teeth or serrations (Figs. One label 6 esubpenns. A SOnVCHIAGS +09. = Shehemialee. de ahemnoMe sh 4s 2 Paeeonces mushroom=like: (Fig, 16)" Hiss. 6 Ae iS ok a diversa group Seencs not mushroom-like (Figs. '8, 9; '10) D1) W4)y oe. 3 3. Foretibia white, dark brown at base and at apex (Fig. 15); penes as Fig. 14 ey ea Vee Ee Pm BES rhe te hae M MAIN, Ce EEE ag arida group — Foretibia entirely brownish, sometimes darker brown at base and apex; Benes aseireigs:, Suan clil + #ooeing.?. epione minalvain se. Cet A wero, Ae 4 4. Penes with prominent lightly sclerotized dorsal flap or roll at medial edge; ventral lobe with posterior margin usually undulate (Figs. 10-11) ...... Sr ret Reet a teks oh SA ei egies eal fey culate ox teers waren ek bicolor group — Penes without prominent lightly sclerotized dorsal flap or roll at medial edge, at most with only a slightly sclerotized medial margin; ventral lobe, usually very broadly rounded or subtruncate posteriorly (Figs. 8-9) sicca group FEMALE IMAGOES 1. Subanal plate with no or only slight broad posteromedian emargination Rt etn, OW ee he ion ek Ph oes Prionoides, new subgenus 138 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON — Subanal plate with a moderate to deep posteromedian emargination (Fig. | bed afeactee <<< Cae ee ta, eh’

0.4mm Figs. 2-4. Dictya zacki, holotype male. 2, Postabdomen, lateral view, inverted. 3, Hypandrium, lateral view, inverted. 4, Hypandrium, anterior view, inverted. 220 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON is blunted or rounded while the preterminal lobe is directed anterolaterally. The ventral process of the hypandrium of D. pechumani also closely resembles that of D. zacki. Differences in these two species lie in the surstyli. In Dictya pechumani the surstylus has a small, non-projecting dorsal tip, and in D. zacki the surstylus has a strongly projecting dorsal tip. Holotype male. —Idaho: Latah Co., Laird Park, 4mi NE Harvard, VII-16-1978, R. S. Zack, Washington State University. Deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. Etymology.—This species is named after Richard S. Zack, Entomology De- partment, Washington State University, Pullman, who collected the type-speci- men. Notes.— During the summer of 1981 the senior author had the opportunity to visit the type-locality with R. S. Zack in an effort to collect additional specimens of this new species. Unfortunately the only species of Dictya collected at the type- locality was Dictya montana. Prior and subsequent collections by R. S. Zack have yielded no further specimens of D. zacki. The type-locality is a small ponded area, roughly hourglass in shape, on a canyon floor bounded by well-forested slopes in the Idaho Panhandle National Forest. The type-specimen was collected by sweep net in 7ypha growing in the isthmus connecting the two main pond areas. There is a slight flow of water through the length of the ponded area. At the lower end it seeps back into an active stream which parallels the ponds but is separated from them by a low broad hummock. Discussion.— The type-specimen was collected prior to the volcanic eruption of Mt. St. Helens, Washington, May 18, 1980, an event of cataclysmic proportions. The explosion tore an area 1350 feet (411 m) in height from the bulging north face of the mountain. Smoke and ash ascended 60,000 feet (18,288 m) and pre- vailing winds spread ash over parts of three states. The type-locality of Dictya zacki was hard hit by the fine, grey powder ash fallout. It is possible that this rare species will not be seen again due to this upset in nature. It has been observed by us that sciomyzids collected in the field with a cross section of other insects are among the first to die when held in a cage or container, indicating the frailty of some to adverse conditions. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Clifford O. Berg, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Benjamin A. Foote, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio; Lloyd Knutson, IIBII, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland; George C. Steyskal, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, c/o National Museum of Natural History, Wash- ington, D.C.; Karl Valley, Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Harrisburg, and Richard S. Zack, Washington State University, Pullman. LITERATURE CITED Fisher, T. W. and R. E. Orth. 1969. A new Dictya in California, with biological notes (Diptera: Sciomyzidae). Pan-Pac, Entomol. 45(3): 222-228. Foote, B. A. 1961. The marsh flies of Idaho and adjoining areas (Diptera: Sciomyzidae). Am. Midl. Nat. 65(1): 144-167. Steyskal, G. C.. 1954. The American species of the genus Dictya Meigen (Diptera: Sciomyzidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 47(3): 511-539. VOLUME 85, NUMBER 2 221 . 1960. New North and Central American species of Sciomyzidae (Diptera: Acalyptratae). Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 62(1): 33-43. Valley, K. and C. O. Berg. 1977. Biology, immature stages and new species of snail-killing Diptera of the genus Dictya (Sciomyzidae). Search Agric., Entomol. (Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y.) 18, 7(2): 1-45. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 85(2), 1983, p. 221 NOTE Variation in Chaetotaxy in Cynomyopsis cadaverina (Robineau-Desvoidy) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Variation in chaetotaxy of muscoid flies has received considerable attention in the past. Hough (1899. Zool. Bul. 2: 283-290) reported that 18% of the Cyno- myopsis cadaverina (Robineau-Desvoidy) he examined showed some sort of chae- totaxal variation. Most of the variant specimens he examined showed unilateral presence or absence of a macrochaeta with only a very few exhibiting bilateral variation. Hall (1948. Thomas Say Found. Vol. 4, 477 pp.) commented that in a number of reared blow fly specimens obtained from several sources in the United States, reduction and duplication of bristles occurred in the dorsocentral or acrosti- chal series in less than 5% of the individuals. James (1967. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 60: 706) discussed variation in chaetotaxy in another blow fly, Phaenicia sericata (Meigen). He described a series of 22 individuals with a decreased number of postacrostichal bristles. Hall and Townsend (1977. Va. Polytech. Inst. State Univ. Res. Div. Bull. 123, 48 pp.) also reported a number of blow flies with a reduced number of postacrostichals most often occurring unilaterally. In a study of Mississippi blow flies, several specimens of C. cadaverina were found with variant chaetotaxy. A total of five out of 78 carefully examined spec- imens were found to vary in the number of postacrostichal bristles from the normal two pairs. Four specimens were found with only one pair of postacrostichals and one had three pairs. Often, large individuals of a species have more strongly developed bristles than do small individuals of the same species. Likewise, weak bristles tend to become hairlike and may be overlooked unless searched for care- fully. However, in this study the variant specimens are all essentially normal sized. Available blow fly keys separate C. cadaverina from other related Caliphorinae according to the presence of two postacrostichal bristles. One or three postacros- tichals separate the flies into two other genera, Cynomya and Cyanus, respectively. In light of this, taxonomists working with this group should be aware of this type of variation. When doubt exists, the male genitalia should be exposed and com- pared with the drawings provided by Hall (1948). I thank Raymond J. Gagné, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, Wash- ington, D.C., for identifications and for suggestions in preparing the manuscript, and B. R. Norment, Entomology Department, Mississippi State University, for helpful comments. Jerome Goddard, Department of Entomology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762. (Publication number 5286 of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station.) PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 85(2), 1983, pp. 222-225 MEXICAN REDUVIIDAE II: THE GENUS HEZA AMYOT AND SERVILLE, 1843 (HEMIPTERA: HARPACTORINAE) J. MALDONADO CAPRILES AND HARRY BRAILOVSKY (JMC) Ponce School of Medicine, Box 7004, Ponce, Puerto Rico 00732; (HB) Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma, Mexico City, Mexico. Abstract.—The new species Heza azteca is described and compared with allied taxa, and H. similis Stal and H. multiguttata Champion are recorded from Mexico. The genus Heza was monographed by the senior author in 1976. A second paper by the same author is in press describing four new species for a total of 35 in the genus. In this paper, the authors report three species from Mexico including the new species described below. Specimens come from the collection of the Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma, Mexico City (IBUNAM), the Museum of Zoology, Universty of Michigan, Ann Arbor (MZUM), and the National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, D.C. The number of species of Heza reported in this paper is low, and considering the number reported from other close areas this number should be perhaps tripled. The type material is deposited in the NMNH. Measurements are given in mm. Heza azteca Maldonado and Brailovsky, NEw SPECIES Figs. 1-6 Male. — Head: anterior lobe pale brownish, posterior lobe slightly darker; ocelli glassy. Beak: 1st segment as anterior lobe of head, 2nd straw color, 3rd blackish. Antenna: Ist antennal segment pale brownish, with 2 postbasal and a preapical longer yellowish annuli, 2 or 3 incomplete short yellowish annuli appearing as a midlength annulus; 2nd segment dark brown, yellowish annulus at midlength, 3rd and 4th dark brown basally, slightly fading to lighter brown towards apex. Pro- notum brownish, with a slight greenish tinge; anterior lobe with golden brown rows of short hairs dorsally, laterally lighter, with dense patches of ivory scalelike hairs at each side of acetabular cleft and a more cephalad stripe arching from the front of acetabulum to behind neck of head; posterior lobe dorsally uniformly colored, with poorly defined triangular patch of scalelike hairs behind anterior lobe on each side of median line and another one near base of discal spine of posterior lobe, laterally lighter along margin above pleura; spines on anterior and posterior lobe black; mesopleura and metapleura colored as pronotum, Ist with 2 larger and 3 smaller (these fused in paratype) and 2nd with 3 smaller round patches of ivory-white, scalelike hairs (Fig. 1). Scutellum colored as pronotum, apical spine blackish. Legs mostly brownish; coxae and trochanters irrorate with lighter brown; profemur above, except apically and basally, mostly yellowish, laterally on base and a short annulus before midlength yellowish; tarsi black. N VOLUME 85, NUMBER 2 , lateral. 3, Apex Apex of abdomen > , Spines of posterior lobe of pronotum Head and pronotum, lateral. 2 Heza azteca, male. 1, Figs. 1-6. of abdomen, caudal. 4, Claws, foreleg. 5 and scutellum. caudal. 6, Hemelytra > 224 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Meso- and metatibiae inconspicuously irrorate with yellow; mesotibia in addition with blackish postbasal, midlength, and apical blackish annuli, not too outstanding against brown ground color, yellowish along basal outer surface; metatibia as mesotibia, lateral yellowish area extending from base to % its length. Hemelytra with clavus colored as pronotum; corium, inner cell, inner 2 of 2nd longitudinal cell, and most of discal cell with small grayish irregularly shaped contiguous areas that give them a grayish appearance; outer 2 of 2nd longitudinal cell, outer longitudinal cell, and narrow costal cell brown, remaining longitudinal veins yel- lowish; with naked eye, corium appears longitudinally striped with yellowish; pterostigma dark reddish brown; membrane transparent on reflected light, with a golden tinge, darker brown towards apices of both cells (Fig. 6). Abdomen ventrally mostly blackish brown; segments 1-3 under each spiracle with several small light brown areas; sterna 3-5 at about midlength from bottom to connexival margin with 3 or 4 small spots of yellowish scalelike hairs more or less in line; connexival segments blackish, lst segment light brown before apex; spiracles whitish. Head: length to margin of pronotum 3.50, width across eyes 1.73, length of eye 0.70, height of eye 0.77, interocular space 0.90, anterior lobe from apex to inter- ocular sulcus 1.40; length of subantennal spine 0.80, slightly inclined forward; width behind eyes 1.25. Antenna: I, 12.1; II, 2.3; III, 10.0; IV, 4.2; glabrous. Beak: I, 1.9; II, 1.4; II, 0.8. Pronotum: length 3.70, width across anterior spines 1.75, humeral width 4.19; length of anterior lobe 1.35, spines of medium length, blunt, median sulcus deep on posterior /% and reaching posterior lobe; hind margin of posterior lobe straight above scultellum and slightly roundly produced past each basal angle of the scutellum, area before spines conspicuously transversely cor- rugate, spines long and sharp (Fig. 5); meso- and metapleurae smooth, plica sharp. Scutellum: width 1.50, length 1.50, margin elevated more or less in a Y-shaped carina, disc with or without a circular depression; apical spine horizontal, short, apex rounded, short haired. Claw of foretarsus as in Fig. 4. Abdomen: narrower basally than apically, connexival margin unspined, sterna finely transversely cor- rugate. Hemelytra with membrane corrugate, slightly surpassing apex of abdomen. Pilosity: legs with relatively abundant vertical hairs, longer than diameter of segment in meso- and metatibiae only; in addition more abundant shorter fine semidecumbent hairs on all segments; inferior surfaces of profemur, protibia, and mesofemur with a thick mat of short sensory hairs; margin of last 2 connexival segments with a few scattered hairs, upper margin of hypopygium and claspers hairy. Genital capsule as in Figs. 2 and 3; spine of upper margin of hypopygium small, hidden, retracted. Length 21.5 mm. Holotype.—é, MEXICO, SLP, El Salto, 8 Aug 1966, O. S. Flint collector, Cat No. 100305, in the NMNH. Paratype 4, same data, in NMNH. Remarks.—As Heza azteca has the connexival margin unspined, the corium and clavus not tomentose, the spines on the anterior lobe of the pronotum of medium length and blunt, and the abdominal sterna without extensive sericeous areas, it runs to the first part of couplet 24 in the key to species (Maldonado, 1976) together with H. ferox Stal as both species have areas of yellowish scalelike hairs on the pleurae. This latter species is the largest in the genus with a length of 29-30 mm and its scaly areas of the thorax are more extensive and not shaped as in H. azteca. The narrow abdomen and wings plus the apparent longitudinal VOLUME 85, NUMBER 2 225 yellowish stripe on the hemelytra easily distinguish this species from the others in the genus. Heza similis Stal, 1859 A male from San Andrés de Tuxtla, Veracruz, and one from Tamazunchale, SLP, are in IBUNAM; a female from Palenque, Chiapas is in MZUM. Reported by Elkins (1951) from Texas. Heza multiguttata Champion, 1899 A male from San Andrés de Tuxtla, Veracruz, is in IBUNAM. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors are grateful to R. C. Froeschner (NMNH) and T. H. Moore (MZUM) for the loan of specimens. LITERATURE CITED Elkins, J.C. 1951. The Reduviidae of Texas. Tex. J. Sci. 3(3): 407-412. Maldonado Capriles, J. 1976. The genus Heza (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). J. Agric. Univ. P. R. LX(3): 403-433. . In press. Concerning new and old species of Heza (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). J. Agric. Univ. P.R. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 85(2), 1983, pp. 226-228 DESCRIPTION OF TELENOMUS SOLITUS, N. SP. (HYMENOPTERA: SCELIONIDAE), A NOCTUID EGG PARASITOID NORMAN F. JOHNSON Department of Entomology, 1735 Neil Avenue, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210. Abstract.—A new species, Telenomus solitus from Guatemala, is described on the basis of specimens reared in the laboratory from the eggs of Trichoplusia ni (Hiibner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). I present a description of this species of Te/enomus in order to provide a name to be used in conjunction with the biological studies of Rufina Navasero (Uni- versity of California, Riverside [UCR]). The description is based upon specimens reared in the laboratory from the eggs of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hiibner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). This culture was founded by wasps collected by E. R. Oatman (UCR) in Salala, Guatemala, from unidentified noctuid eggs on potato foliage. The terminology used follows that of Johnson (in press). Telenomus solitus Johnson, NEW SPECIES Figs. 1-5 Female.— Color: Tarsi yellowish brown; head, body, antenna, legs otherwise dark brown. Measurements: DCI: 1.82-2.00 (* = 1.89, SD = 0.05); FCI: 1.06-1.36 (x = 1.22, SD = 0.07); frons width/eye height: 1.12-1.42 (* = 1.26, SD = 0.08); W/L TI: 4.0-7.0 (& = 5.3, SD = 0.9, n = 17); L/W T2: 0.72-1.07 (x = 0.90, SD = 0.08, n= 17); L/W metasoma: 1.34-1.81 (% = 1.63, SD = 0.13); TL: 1.24-1.50 mm (x = 1.31 mm, SD = 0.06); sample: 20-1. Head: Vertex smoothly rounded onto occiput, reticulate throughout, sculpture very shallowly impressed; no hyperoccipital carina; sculpture on vertex continuing on occiput to occipital carina; occipital carina complete, irregular medially, simple (i.e., not crenulate); frons smooth, with small punctures at bases of setae; orbital bands present only ventrally, area between lower ' of eye and antennal insertions shallowly reticulate; ocellar setae absent; no preocellar pit; frontal depression absent or very poorly developed, frons convex between eyes, not bulging between inner orbits and antennal insertions; eyes heavily setose; inner orbits rounded at level of lateral ocelli; temples not bulging, not grooved, reticulate sculpture along posterior orbits extending halfway to occipital carina. Mesosoma: Mesoscutum convex, shallowly reticulate throughout, setal bases not pustulate; notauli absent; scutellum smooth, setose; dorsellum (Fig. 2) well developed, as long laterally as medially, punctate above, striate below, sculpture VOLUME 85, NUMBER 2 227, Figs. 1-2. Telenomus solitus, female. 1, Lateral habitus, 49X. 2, Dorsellum, 263. sometimes effaced medially; acetabular carina simple; episternal foveae absent; width of intercoxal space slightly less than length of forecoxa, 2-3 length of setae arising from its surface; anterior margin of midcoxal cavity not expanded, simple; mesopleural furrow well developed; mesopleural carina absent; acetabular field small, reaching neither intercoxal space nor mesopleural furrow; posterodorsal corner of metapleuron not expanded; metapleural carina indicated by only short spur posteriorly. Metasoma: T1 with 1 pair of sublateral setae, 2 pairs of lateral setae; greatest length of basal costae on T2 less than medial length of T1. Antenna (Fig. 4) 11-segmented; clava (sensu Johnson, in press) 5-segmented; claval formula (Bin, 1981): All-A8/1-2-2-1; A6 strongly transverse; L,W A7 < A8; A8—-A10 transverse. Wings clear, surpassing apex of metasoma; basal vein weakly pigmented; postmarginal vein longer than stigmal; hindwing narrow, great- est width 0.9-1.8X length of fringe at that point (¥ = 1.4, SD = 0.2, n = 19). Male. — Measurements: DCI: 1.75—2.28 (X = 1.92, SD = 0.11); FCI: 1.15-1.39 (x = 1.25, SD = 0.06); frons width/eye height: 1.12-1.44 (x = 1.32, SD = 0.08); W/L T1: 3.2-6.2 (¥ = 4.1, SD = 0.7, n = 18); L/W T2: 0.60-1.07 (* = 0.82, SD = 0.13, n = 18); L/W metasoma: 1.17-1.61 (* = 1.43, SD = 0.10); TL: 1.05-1.38 mm (x = 1.26 mm, SD = 0.07); W hindwing/L fringe: 0.9-1.5 (¥ = 1.2, SD = 0.1, nm = 18); sample: 20-1. Antenna (Fig. 5); genitalia (Fig. 3): laminae volsellares in form of 2 heavily melanized rods, closely approximated 3/4 of their length from base; digital teeth large, heavy, 3/digitus; penis valves weakly melanized; aedeagal lobe large, length 0.4X total length of aedeagovolsellar shaft. Host.— Unidentified noctuid (wild); Trichoplusia ni (laboratory culture). Material.— Holotype ?: UCR lab culture, ex: Trichoplusia ni; orig. Guatemala, 11.iv.1977, E. R. Oatman, ex: unknown noctuid. Paratypes: 20 6, 19 2 with same data as holotype. Many more specimens from the same culture were also ex- 228 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Figs. 3-5. Telenomus solitus. 3, Male genitalia, ventral view (basal segment removed), 713X. 4, Female antenna, 187. 5, Male antenna, 187%. amined. The holotype has been deposited in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. Remarks.— Telenomus solitus belongs to the californicus species group of the genus on the basis of the closely approximated, rodlike laminae volsellares and the large digital teeth of the male genitalia (see Johnson, in press). This species may be distinguished from the other species of that group by the combination of its small size, more quadrate head (DCI = 1.9 vs. DCI > 2.0), short A3 of the female (L A2 > A3), and, most easily, by the shape of the male genitalia, partic- ularly the large, broad aedeagal lobe and the strongly melanized volsellar region. The name solitus, from the Latin for customary, habitual or usual, refers to the lack of notable external characters in this species. LITERATURE CITED Bin, F. 1981. Definition of female antennal clava based on its plate sensilla in Hymenoptera Sce- lionidae Telenominae. Redia 64: 245-261. Johnson, N. F. In press. Systematics of Nearctic Telenomus: classification and revisions of the podisi and phymatae species groups (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). Bull. Ohio Biol. Surv. (n.s.). PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 85(2), 1983, pp. 229-250 KEYS TO NEOTROPICAL SPECIES OF CAL YMMADERUS SOLIER AND SPECIES OF CALYTHECA WHITE, WITH TAXONOMIC NOTES (COLEOPTERA: ANOBITDAE) RICHARD E. WHITE Systematic Entomology Laboratory, IIBIII, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, c/o National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. 20560. Abstract.—A study of the available types of the Neotropical species of Calym- maderus and the species of Calytheca has resulted in a key to 65 species of Calymmaderus and a key to three species of Calytheca. Taxonomic changes in- clude the following: Eupactus angustatus Pic and E. gounellei Pic are new syn- onyms of Calymmaderus rufescens (Pic); Calytheca brunnea (Pic) is a new com- bination; Calymmaderus minasensis (Pic), C. subattenuatus (Pic), and C. bahiensis (Pic) each represent a new status; and Ca/ymmaderus pici is a new name for C. pubescens (Pic) and C. brasiliensis is anew name for C. punctatus (Gorham). Lists that are presented include: Species in the keys along with their synonyms; label data on types including lectotype designations; and Calymmaderus species and subspecies of uncertain status. Three instances of possible future species synonymy in Calymmaderus are brought out, along with discussion of four species now in Calymmaderus that are so distinct that future transferal to new genera might be necessary. This contribution is similar to my study of tropical species of Tricorynus (White, 1981) in that both present a key to aid in the assignment of the names of described species. Most of these names have previously been unassignable because of in- adequate original descriptions and an absence of comprehensive treatments. During this work I have had at hand most types of Pic species that belong in Calymmaderus Solier (1849) along with the 11 types of Gorham, the six of Cham- pion, the three of Blair, the three of Fall, and the one of Fisher. However, the types of some Pic species have not been at hand but have been represented by specimens that agree closely with the holotype, and the names of these types have been assigned on the basis of these specimens. Appended is a list of eight species of uncertain status; these evidently belong in Ca/ymmaderus, but I have not seen the types. I have also seen the single Pic type of a species of Calytheca White (1973). During construction of the Calymmaderus key, there was available but one specimen of most species. Clearly one specimen ofa species provided no indication of the variation either within or between the sexes of that species, so doubtless some characters used in the key vary more than indicated. In addition, specimens in poor condition (as with abraded pubescence) may have given a misleading impression of certain characters. 230 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON For most of the keyed species in both genera, a number of characters are used rather than just one or two. Where possible, many points of difference are included in couplets along with characters that do not represent differences between species that key closely. The aim has been to more thoroughly describe each species. My work with species of Calymmaderus shows that the presently described 82 species (65 in the key; nine in White, 1974a; and eight of uncertain status) are likely but a fraction of the number of species in the neotropics and that many remain to be described. Further studies will probably show that certain species now assigned to Calym- maderus should be placed in new genera. At least the four species discussed in the note on aberrant species (following) should be considered for removal from Calymmaderus. In the key and descriptions for species of Calymmaderus are references to dual punctation and to large and small punctures. For a discussion of these characters see White, 1965: 288. For complete synonymy of Calymmaderus see White, 1974b: 423. Characters that distinguish Cal/ymmaderus and Calytheca are given by White, 1973. TAXONOMIC NOTES Calymmaderus minasensis (Pic), NEW STATUS Eupactus minasensis Pic, 1904c: 37. Calymmaderus minasensis (Pic), Pic, 1912a: 65. Tricorynus minasensis (Pic), White, 1979: 212 (as synonym of 7. herbarius). I have had difficulties in assigning the name minasensis because three different species in the Pic collection were determined by Pic as minasensis, and all three bear type labels. My error in establishing minasensis as a synonym of Tricorynus herbarius resulted from early examination of two specimens (on one pin) determined by Pic as C. minasensis and which bear (almost certainly in error) a red museum type label; these specimens are identical with herbarius. I now reject these spec- imens as types because they do not bear a yellow handwritten Pic type label, as do the other two possible types examined later. Most Pic types bear both the yellow handwritten type label and the red, printed, capitalized, museum type label. Both Pic specimens that bear two type labels and a minasensis determination label have locality data that agree with that given in the original description: Minas, Sertao de Diamantina. The eight words published by Pic, 1904c: 37, that validated the name minasensis do not allow it to be recognized; however, he does state the length to be 4.5 mm. The possible type that belongs to the genus 777- corynus and which is synonymic with T. fulvopilosa, is 3.7 mm long. The possible type that belongs to the genus Calymmaderus is 4.5 mm long. On this basis alone I accept this specimen as the actual type of minasensis Pic, and I hereby designate it as lectotype. Calymmaderus rufescens (Pic) Thaptor rufescens Pic, 1902b: 55. Eupactus angustatus Pic, 1904c: 37. NEw SYNONYMY. Eupactus gounellei Pic, 1904c: 37. NEw SYNONYMY. VOLUME 85, NUMBER 2 231 I have found only minor external differences between the holotypes of rufescens and angustatus. The type of rufescens has the head densely and finely punctate, nearly punctate-granulate, and clearly less shiny than the remainder of the body, the eyes separated by about the vertical diameter of an eye, and the length of 3.6 mm. The type of angustatus has the head less densely punctate and not punctate- granulate, not significantly less shiny than the remainder of the body, the eyes separated by less than the diameter of an eye, and the length is 3.8 mm. In my opinion these minor differences do not justify treating these as distinct species. The comparative external morphology of the types of rufescens and gounellei show even fewer substantial differences than those discussed above. Calymmaderus bahiensis (Pic), NEW STATUS Eupactus theresae bahiensis Pic, 1904c: 37. Differences between the types of C. theresae and C. t. bahiensis indicate that they represent two species. Ca/ymmaderus theresae has a distinct stria on the disk of each elytron, and the groove of the metasternal lobe extends a little over half the length of the lobe; C. bahiensis has no elytral striae and the groove of the metasternal lobe extends a little less than half the length of the lobe. Calymmaderus subattenuatus (Pic), NEW STATUS Eupactus nigricolor subattenuatus Pic, 1904c: 37. External differences clearly show that subattenuatus is a species distinct from nigricolor. In subattenuatus, the front of the head is bulbous with the clypeal area depressed, and the metasternal punctures are large and rimmed. In nigrico/lor, the front of the head is evenly convex and the metasternal punctures are small and pointlike. Calytheca brunnea (Pic), NEW COMBINATION Eupactus brunneus Pic, 1904c: 36. Characters of the type show clearly that this species belongs in Calytheca. Two NAME CHANGES Calymmaderus pubescens (Pic), 1902b: 55, is a junior secondary homonym of C. pubescens (Gorham), 1883: 204, so I offer the replacement pici, NEW NAME. Calymmaderus punctatus (Pic), 1922: 5, is a junior secondary homonym of C. punctatus (Gorham), 1883: 203, so I replace it with brasiliensis, NEW NAME. POSSIBLE SYNONYMY The minor differences between the types of Calymmaderus humilis nitidissimus (Pic) and C. rufonitens (Pic) (see couplet 43 of the key) raises doubts as to whether or not they are actually distinct species as here treated. Examination of more complete series of specimens may show that the two names should be synony- mized. Calymmaderus pupatus (Gorham) and C. throscoides (Gorham) are here treated as distinct. However, the types of these species, too, exhibit only minor external differences (see couplet 23). Further study could show that the two names apply to only one species. 232 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON The type of nitescens (Champion) and a specimen that I compared with the type of semirufus (Champion), and which agreed closely with it, are so similar in all characters except color that they could represent one species. A more lengthy series than the two specimens I have seen will be needed to settle the question. I did not dissect the genitalia of types loaned to me. Because these beetles are small, oval, and the body parts are very tightly fitting, there is always the danger of irreparable damage to a specimen when genitalic dissections are attempted. Some questions of possible synonymy may be settled by genitalic dissections, for male genitalia of Anobiidae are highly diagnostic. NOTES ON ABERRANT SPECIES The four species here discussed exhibit significant differences from the other species in Calymmaderus, and it may be desirable to erect two new genera to receive them. The combination of characters of C. nigronotatus (Pic) make it unique. The one specimen at hand (compared with type) is 5.8 mm long, the 3rd and 4th abdominal segments are not double, and the terminal 3 antennal segments are about twice as long as the preceding 8 segments combined. In addition, the metasternum bears a deep groove medially for about % of its length, which receives the last 2 antennal segments, and the elytra bear large, deep punctures that are more or less clearly aligned into 10 striae. The species C. comatus (Champion), brevissimus (Pic), and dejeani (Pic) are all about the same size (1.5—1.8 mm) and are very similar in morphology. They have the sutures of the 3rd and 4th abdominal segments not double; virtually all other species of Calymmaderus have these sutures double. In at least comatus and dejeani, the least 3 antennal segments are clearly longer than all preceding segments combined; the antennae of the type of brevissimus are concealed. It is likely that these three species deserve a genus separate from Calymmaderus. NOTES ON KEY The following species have been assigned on the basis of specimens that have been compared with types: attenuatus Pic, comatus (Champion), funki (Pic), germaini (Pic), minasensis (Pic), nigronotatus (Pic), oblongus (Gorham), pubescens (Gorham), punctatus (Gorham), rufomaculatus Pic, semirufus (Champion), sharpi Gorham, and festaceipes (Pic). Calymmaderus punctulatus LeConte has been worked into the key on the basis of identified specimens in the USNM, including specimens examined by H. C. Fall for his 1905 revision. I have not examined the type of punctulatus. KEY TO NEOTROPICAL SPECIES OF CALYMMADERUS ie Dorsal surface with hairs, these separated by less than length of a DR aa teh ts tgs sca teccsng ans ac Acie hc ors a 2 - Dorsal surface lacking hairs or with hairs so short that they are sep- arated by more than length of a Nair i.....<.6.4 2... ee 30 2(1). Hairs of elytra in swirled patches, irregular in direction, or irregular ABs SEN SAG at a 2 tas sce 4 ccs as Race Rees ce a 3 - Hairs of elytra not swirled or irregular in direction, always uniform TURK OUTISIDN. 0 seas. Satire 4-0 w atid cheite nike abe an Exaceeeas eve le mami oN. one eek ee latipennis (Pic) Pubescence whitish to weakly yellowish; elytral surfaces shiny; frons protuberant but not depressed; eyes separated by about vertical di- ameter of-an eye: length about 33-34 mm.) . eee ee 8 Elytral pubescence with more than 10 distinctly swirled patches, hairs obscuring but not concealing surface; head between eyes with a dis- tinctly pointed tubercle; body surfaces dark reddish brown; length BoOULG smi se. Pa ete es eee ae sericeomaculatus (Pic) Pubescence of elytra with much fewer weakly swirled patches, hairs concealing surface; head between eyes with a weakly produced tu- bercle; body surfaces dark brown; length about 3.3mm .......... Reet ee aS Ad AR argentifer (Pic) Pubescence of dorsum bicolored, dull whitish in part and brownish in parc) Brazil ...f0> 2. 20 ee 2 a eee ee 10 Pubescence of dorsum not bicolored, of same color throughout; var- 1OUS localities 24). [Fs 2 a PE Ee a 12 Metasternal depression that receives apex of antenna not extending below level of transverse carina; body stout, nearly 1.8X as long as wide; darker pubescence dark brown; eyes separated by about 1.3X vertical diameter of an eye; length about 3.3.mm | 3... 2 55 eames eee, aoc. Pa RE BN, ee nigromaculatus (Pic) Metasternal depression that receives apex of antenna extending below level of transverse carina; body over 2X as long as wide; darker pubescence orangish brown to reddish brown; eyes separated by less than’ diameter of an eye; length '3:3-—4.0 min "Pe. eae 11 Dark elytral pubescence forming a broad transverse band, base and apex of elytra with whitish pubescence; length about 3.3 mm ..... SE oT EI PE LEA ee ee oA Pes subnotatus (Pic* VOLUME 85, NUMBER 2 235 129% 13(12). 14(12). 15(14). 16(15). 17(16). 18(16). 19(18). Dark elytral pubescence covering most of elytra, interrupted by light pubescence basally, along suture, and diagonally at apex; length 3.4— ae inaaa dy Maes! eiaprasint sei: sede: SHIM os 6 brunneonotatus (Pic) Elytron with 10 equally distinct striae, formed of deep, elongated to much elongated punctures; length 5.8-6.3 mm .................. 13 If elytron striate, with striae most distinct laterally or near suture, not as aboveleneth 56:7 mame Gino Sa te oP PRA 14 Body with dense, pale yellowish pubescence that more or less conceals surface (Fig. 10); body very densely punctate and nearly lusterless; metasternal groove that receives apex of antennal club nearly attaining hindcoxae; elytral intervals weakly convex; 5th abdominal segment not carinate apically; length about 5.8 mm; Argentina ............ MEO RIC), An De ie BOO Det OM a SSA - nigronotatus (Pic) Body with very fine and sparse whitish pubescence that does not conceal surface; body shiny, not densely punctate; metasternal groove that receives apex of antennal club much shorter; elytral intervals strongly convex; 5th abdominal segment longitudinally carinate api- eally;deneth abouts6.3: mm; Brazil, } 243 Yash Fa 4 cribripennis (Pic) Elytron apically at side with no distinct striae ................... 15 Elytron apically at side with 1-3 distinct striae .................. 20 Pubescence of dorsum semi-erect; body reddish brown throughout; elytral disk lacking striae; body about 1.5X as long as wide; 3rd and 4th abdominal sutures not double; eyes separated by vertical diameter ofan eye to alittle less; vertex carinate; length 1.3—1.5 mm; Guatemala PENNS SS BOE irs C1 rn eee eee ee ome meee rer eos comatus (Champion) Pubescence of dorsum appressed, not semi-erect; otherwise not as above; various localities; length 2.0-4.4mm.................... 16 Eiviralidaskilackinerstrige: 63.3) ts yo Ae SO eh sae ate 17 Elytral disk with feeble to moderately distinct striae ............. 18 Dorsal surface black and with a distinct, bluish reflection, ventral surface largely dark brown, abdomen reddish brown; length about 2.1 mm; 3rd and 4th abdominal sutures not double; punctures of dorsum large, dense, separated by less than diameter of a puncture; body slightly over 1.5X as long as wide; Panama ..... caeruleus (Champion) Body reddish brown nearly throughout, abdomen reddish brown; length about 4.4 mm; 3rd and 4th abdominal sutures double; punc- tures of dorsum small and dense, separated on an average by more than diameter of a puncture; body nearly 2.0X as long as wide; Lower CAMO tN Kelend vets Gee ake beeen tee mer oeeee, corceen treet mixtus (Fall) Front of head broadly protuberant and with an arcuate, transverse band of large punctures (Fig. 4); clypeus depressed; eyes small, sep- arated by over 2X vertical diameter of an eye, distinctly notched; body about 1.6 as long as wide; length about 2.0 mm........... oleae sepa ee YR 1 Bee Peg venezuelensis (Pic) Front of head not protuberant, punctation regular; otherwise not as above engin about :2:3=2.44mimn 2 Pee ae FIs 19 Feeble elytral striae formed of weakly impressed grooves (Fig. 2); body red brown; eyes small, separated by about 2X vertical di- 236 20(14). 21(20). 2o(2i1): 222). 24(20). 25(24). PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ameter of an eye; pubescence weakly reddish; 5th abdominal segment nearly flat from front to back; Panama and Guatemala ........... Se eh ee enema tre See pubescens (Gorham) Feeble elytral striae formed of more or less aligned, large, shallow punctures (Fig. 1); body brown; eyes large, separated by about vertical diameter ofan eye; pubescence weakly yellow; 5th abdominal segment eoncave tront.to. back: Brazil :... .....sneneS 22 beats instriatus (Pic) Elyironiapically. at side with.a single erOOVE) pcr. 2 55).8 tas eet. nok 21 Elytroniapically at.side,with 2.06, 3 gTOOVES su 261i)» as8 eae 2a 24 Body in dorsal view stout, about 1.85 as long as wide; in lateral view dorsal outline of body nearly hemispherical; eyes large, separated by about 0.8X vertical diameter of an eye; body very dark brown, nearly black; pubescence gray; punctures at side of pronotum very dense, surface nearly lusterless; length 3.8-4.5 mm; Mexico ....... ae Leterme ree cnn, often halsiacs sales Pome rarel cle tcl sees sharpi (Gorham) Body in dorsal view not stout, 2.0-2.2 as long as wide; otherwise HOAs abOVE '.4. 40) JAA ROR ISU UOTE JS, AAV Oo eI geen ee 22 Stria at side of elytron distinct at apical '2, basally at side with 2-3 more or less distinct rows of punctures forming striae; pubescence yellowish; body red brown; eyes separated by 0.8-1.5X vertical di- ameter of an eye; 5th abdominal segment narrowly concave before apex: length 3:3=5-6. mim; Mexica oe Ve. Bee oblongus (Gorham) Stria at side of elytron distinct at apical 4, with no striae basally at side; otherwise not as above; Mexico to Costa Rica ............. 23 Fifth abdominal segment clearly concave from front to back (Fig. 5); elytron with weak striae basally near suture; apex of metasternal pro- cess that accepts antennal tip not deeply indented, extending less than 5 length of process; length 3.4—5.2 mm; eyes separated by 0.8-1.3X vertical diameter of an eye (Fig. 9); Mexico to Costa Rica ........ Se Te ee ok oe ee ee eee ee ee ee pupatus (Gorham) Fifth abdominal segment flat to feebly concave front to back; elytron with no striae basally near suture; apex of metasternal process that accepts antennal tip more deeply indented, extending '2 length of process; length 3.2—3.8 mm; eyes separated by 0.8—1.2X vertical di- ameter of an eye; Belize and Guatemala........ throscoides (Gorham) Elytron with 10 striae, 2 to 3 at side distinct, others much less distinct and formed of more or less aligned, elongated punctures, striae often also weakly impressed; eyes large, separated by 0.8-1.4X vertical diameter of an eye; body reddish brown to dark brown throughout; 5th abdominal segment with an arcuate concavity before outer mar- gin; length 3.7-5.3 mm; Galapagos ............. galapagoensis (Blair) Elytron with only 2 lateral striae, otherwise not as above; Brazil and Ber CANORA ooo pc's unui catoedints dai nea de a ee 25 Length about 6.7 mm; vertex protuberant each side of middle, pro- tuberances bearing moderately dense, golden hair; elytra shiny, punc- tation dual, larger punctures very small, smaller punctures minute; body 2.1 X as long as wide; 5th abdominal segment shallowly concave front to back: Braval cf en. ec tc ee eee gibbosiceps (Pic) VOLUME 85, NUMBER 2 281 26(25). 27(26). 28(26). 29(28). 30(1). 31(30). d2(3 1): 33(32). Length not much over 4.5 mm; vertex not protuberant, lacking golden haisfothenmse notastabove Mh.ddiet che Pore Sl. en ea. 26 Pubescence of dorsum yellow, reflective, moderately dense, obscuring surface sculpture; length about 2.7-3.0 mm ..................... 27 Pubescence not as above; length 2.7-4.5 mm ................... 28 Elytral punctation dual, both larger and smaller punctures distinctly impressed, smaller punctures about 2 size of larger punctures; eyes separated by about vertical diameter of an eye; body 1.8X as long as widesdenethabout:3:mna; Brazilizit: 2070. sGovead. eau: brevipennis (Pic) Elytral punctation dual, but larger punctures distinctly impressed and smaller punctures weakly impressed and about ' size of larger punc- tures; eyes separated by about 0.7X vertical diameter of an eye; body 1.8X as long as wide; length about 2.8 mm; Brazil ............... 1 sporetacatisiotia . dreds uenerieeet Bae Biot ay: multimaculatus (Pic) Dorsal surface black; metasternum dark brown, abdomen reddish brown; pubescence light grayish, denser, obscuring surface sculpture; body about 1.9X as long as wide; eyes separated by about vertical diameter of an eye; length about 3.4 mm; 5th abdominal segment shallowly concave, apex transversely carinate; Brazil ...... pici White Body reddish brown throughout; otherwise not as above ......... 29 Body about 2.3X as long as wide; eyes large, separated by a little less than diameter of an eye; metasternum at middle with a distinct, longitudinal groove; metasternum primarily with small punctures only, larger punctures weakly indicated near anterior margin; length 3.5- 2A -eoman Brazil Gis: 1306 OA Boke es. oe eee cde aoe rufescens (Pic) Body about 1.8X as long as wide; eyes smaller, separated by about 1.5X vertical diameter of an eye; metasternum at middle lacking a groove; metasternum throughout with dual punctation, larger punc- tures dense and distinct throughout; length about 2.7 mm; Lower Caliente soal fee ee) Sere. Rea © Pie eee ee ee nactus (Fall) Elytron apically at side with 2 distinctly impressed striae ........ 31 Elytron apically at side lacking distinct striae ................... S| Dorsum black nearly throughout and with a bluish reflection; ventral surface primarily reddish brown; punctation not dual, formed of large punctures only, these very dense at side of pronotum, on elytra tending to align in series; length about 2.5 mm; Honduras and Panama RIAL Jaden dir he be tains, ROM ee RR Sh ORR eer Sit Nena ten a punctatus (Gorham) Dorsum black to reddish brown, never bluish; otherwise not exactly as above; length 1.8-—3.5 mm; various localities ................. 2 Length about 1.8 mm; eyes large, bulging, separated by 1.8X vertical diameter of an eye; vertex with a blunt, moderately long carina; front with a small flat area; lateral elytral striae indicated to or nearly to level of middle leg; notch of metasternal lobe deep, extending nearly to level of transverse carina; 5th abdominal segment with a broad, shallow, subcircular depression; Mexico ............... donckieri (Pic) Length 2.2-3.5 mm; otherwise not exactly as above; various local- Re OL ite ALR oD LTE 2a, REC AT ISN a ei tietere |. ; 33 Elytron with | or both lateral striae distinctly impressed to base of elytron (Fig. 7); length 3.2-3.5 mm; frons protuberant; Brazil .... 34 238 34(33). 35(33). 36(35). 37(30). 38(37). 39(38). 40(37). 41(40). PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Elytron with at most | stria weakly impressed to near base of ely- tron; length 2.2-2.7 mm; frons not protuberant; Cuba, Mexico, Bo- livid. .202) (olareho in evioofiec.. 2alloy saumob tse. 35 Dorsum black; eyes separated by about"1.4X vertical diameter of eye; frons between eyes weakly produced; large punctures on metasternum small, distinct anteriorly, becoming obsolete posteriorly; length about 3 Ariane naan oe So eo Roa nigricolor (Pic) Dorsum reddish brown; eyes separated by about vertical diameter of an eye; frons between eyes distinctly produced; large punctures on metasternum moderate in size anteriorly, smaller but distinct pos- teriorly; length: about:3:2) mime. sae ase subattenuatus (Pic) Metasternal process that receives apex of antenna indented to level of transverse metasternal carina; eyes separated by 1.6X vertical di- ameter of an eye; body reddish brown, elytra slightly darker than remainder of body; punctures of dorsum not dual, of 1 size only; Sth abdominal segment broadly concave front to back; length about 2.2 mms Mexico’ S809 APNG. IGREN AOS) Be subvestitus (Champion) Metasternal process that receives antennal apex indented about '2 way to level of transverse metasternal carina; otherwise not as above. 2.5)... 25.000 SR ee Se eae ee eee 36 Body reddish brown; pronotum with feeble luster, elytra shiny; ex- treme side of pronotum weakly, evenly rounded; eyes separated by about 1.7X vertical diameter of an eye; length about 2.4 mm; Cuba gy sae Sal AURIS 2 Ata athe ERTL hea, Ore nSenay Ud Nea ER nn ree testaceipes (Pic) Body dark brown to nearly black; pronotum and elytra equally shiny; extreme side of pronotum bulging; eyes separated by over 2 vertical diameter of an eye; length about 2.7 mm; Bolivia ...... germaini (Pic) Elytra bicoloreds or. fost 03S), hal dy. eae ie Gees ee ee 38 Elytra not bicolore@) ct FY... 8 40 Each elytron black and with 2 large orange-red spots that join near middle of elytron (Fig. 11); pronotum black; elytral disk with 4 arc- uate striae; eyes separated by about vertical diameter of an eye; meta- sternum nearly impunctate; length about 2.0 mm; Brazil ......... i ee le oe ee a, Pt See Uees DM th b substriatus (Pic) Not. exactly. as above wes ans S429 i tet yee ee eee 39 Elytra primarily dark brown but apically with 2 large orange spots; pronotum reddish brown; elytral disk not striate; head on vertex weakly carinate; length 2.3-3.0 mm; Columbia, Venezuela ........ Ny er ee eT Pe Oe rane eeu scat CMON! SIRE deh ta | funki (Pic) Elytra with about basal 74 orangish red, apex black; pronotum mostly black; elytral disk with 2 arcuate striae each side of suture; head on vertex not carinate; length about 2.5 mm; Brazil ... rufomaculatus Pic Elytron near suture with 2 or 3 usually weak striae .............. 41 Elytron, near suture with :lstria.or moneys. eich Gee. Sa e ee 46 Elytron with 2 or 3 weak striae near suture, formed of discrete, not confluent punctures, innermost stria not or weakly incurved an- téeniorlyosier he ee Oe eR eee ee 42 VOLUME 85, NUMBER 2 239 42(41). 43(42). 44(41). 45(44). 46(40). 47(46). Elytron with 2 strong striae near suture, formed of shallow, largely confluent punctures, innermost stria clearly incurved anteriorly ... 44 Length 1.8-—2.0 mm; elytron with 3 striae near suture; body dark brown to nearly black, appendages, ventral surface, and often margins reddish brown; eyes separated by about 1.5 vertical diameter of an eye; punctures of dorsum of | size; elytral punctures clearly largest and densest at side of elytron; Costa Rica ..... dorcatomoides (Fisher) Length 3.2-3.5 mm; elytron with 2 striae near suture; otherwise not An abawel) lal cis baal: cee ee BRU BORL SUCIREY cOv O08. th fess... 43 Pronotum black, elytra dark brown; body about 1.9 as long as wide; elytron at side with a row of punctures forming a weak stria; eyes separated by 0.8% vertical diameter of an eye; abdominal segments 2, 3, and 4 near middle with almost no evidence of punctures; meta- sternum deeply, longitudinally grooved in middle; punctures of dor- sum, of.1 size; leneth,about.3:S mm-Perw La 0.)- boo ba: metallicus (Pic) Pronotum dark brown, elytra black; body about 1.7 as long as wide; elytron at side with no stria; eyes separated by 1.2 vertical diameter of an eye; abdominal segments 2, 3, and 4 near middle with distinct punctures; metasternum at middle shallowly depressed; punctures of dorsum of 1 size; length about 3.2 mm; Guatemala .............. Me pert, om Oe ut. SCRE ce eal. PATER Sed erythrocephalus (Champion) Length 2.0-2.3 mm; body very dark, nearly black but with red evident, especially ventrally; body stout, from dorsal view 1.5-1.6X as long as wide; eyes separated by about 1.8X vertical diameter of an eye; dorsum with dual punctation, smaller punctures minute; side of pronotum produced into a sharp; diagonal carina; metasternum at middle broadly flattened; apex of 5th abdominal segment bluntly produced: Nicaragua: 2sisdoe eit: Wai hie striatus (Gorham) Length 3.0-3.7 mm; otherwise not as above; Brazil ............. 45 Last abdominal segment with punctures small, sparse, and separated on an average by about 4-5 diameter of a puncture; length about 3.0 mm; body reddish brown throughout with abdomen lighter than remainder; body from dorsal view 1.8X as long as wide; eyes separated by about vertical diameter of an eye; punctures of dorsal surface of lsize Ak to see tieask iol wr sggel bay humilis nitidissimus (Pic) Last abdominal segment with punctures larger, denser, separated on average by about 1-2X diameter of a puncture; length about 3.7 mm; body reddish brown throughout with abdomen lighter than remain- der; body from dorsal view 1.8X as long as wide; eyes separated by vertical diameter of an eye; punctures of dorsal surface of | size ... MA cdl abies: gob, Wed Ss eet bs Ue Liberals CP Bae hence tenga tae rufonitens (Pic) Elytroninear suture with) 1,distinct stra: eas! acl a wc. mae ee... 47 Elytron near suture with a weak stria or none ................... 48 Striae of elytral disk nearly straight; length about 4.5 mm; dorsum black; body 1.7X as long as wide; 5th abdominal segment nearly flat frontyto ‘back, apex :produced;.Pert) le.iveey .X 2-1 v8 Bare theresae (Pic) Striae of elytral disk incurved anteriorly; length about 2.5 mm; elytra very dark brown, pronotum mostly reddish brown; body about 1.8X 240 48(46). 49(48). 50(49). 51(50). 52(50). I3(52) PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON as long as wide; 5th abdominal segment weakly convex, apex not produced? Brazile 3509.10) ) Sore ae humilis humilis (Pic) Elytral punctures large, shallow, and so dense that they are partially confluent throughout; surfaces with a weak luster; elytra with a feeble indication of striae; eyes large, separated by about !? vertical diameter of an eye; side of pronotum with a weak, diagonal carina; length about 2 Sinirwearaa..4« Be FR. ae ee ee brasiliensis White Elytral punctures never as large and dense; surfaces shiny; otherwise notas above; various localities. o.)... s<.slunked) a See 49 Pronotum at side with a produced carina from posterior angle to anterior angle, meeting latter some distance above proepisternum (Hie) 6) length 1 .8=2 6: mm 3s eis PAY WE eee eee 50 Pronotum at side without a produced carina, but with a distinct groove along posterior margin to above proepisternum, margin behind groove Olten-produced.(Fig. 3); length’ 2.2—4.6timint 0a). PA Se 54 Punctures on pronotal disk shallow and indistinct to obsolete .... 51 Punctures on pronotal disk not shallow, distinct ................ 52 Pronotal punctures at side distinct, not shallow (Fig. 6); body dark brown but with many areas reddish; punctures of elytral disk weakly impressed, shallow; eyes separated by about 2X vertical diameter of an eye; length about 1.7 mm; body about 1.5X as long as wide; Guadeloupe 0 2250 CESS 2 LOR VID ve) SAE Sate brevissimus (Pic) Pronotal punctures at side indistinct and shallow; body reddish brown throughout; punctures of elytral disk distinctly impressed and not shallow; eyes separated by about 2X vertical diameter of an eye; length about 1.7 mm; body about 1.6 as long as wide; Nicaragua and Panamaecs SSOP OUCE, O45 10 RG oe, ae ovulum (Gorham) Groove of metasternal lobe that accepts antennal apex deeper, ex- tending about *% length of lobe; length about 1.8 mm; eyes separated by about 1.2X vertical diameter of an eye; body dark brown, some margins reddish; elytral disk with largest punctures forming weak striae; elytral punctures separated on an average by about diameter Oha puncture: Mexico 05) 5.1/7 6, eI eee dejeani (Pic) Groove of metasternal lobe that accepts antennal apex shallower, extending less than 2 length of lobe; length about 2.3—2.6 mm; Hon- duras and’ Brazil: otherwise not as ‘above? rt Gunns We 53 Body reddish brown throughout; punctures of head weakly impressed, obscured by finely alutaceous surface; punctures of 5th abdominal segment of only weakly impressed large punctures, no small punc- tures; base of elytron near suture with feeble large punctures forming striae; eyes separated by 1.5X vertical diameter of an eye; body 1.6 as long as wide; length about 2.3 mm; Honduras ... exiguus (Gorham) Body dorsally very dark brown to nearly black, ventrally more red- dish; punctures of head strongly impressed, surface not alutaceous; punctures of 5th abdominal segment of distinct dual punctation; eyes separated by 1.5X vertical diameter of an eye; base of elytron near suture with no indication of striae; body 1.6 as long as wide; length about’ 2.6°mm-"Brazilt! 290. V2 SOP, ee eee brevis (Pic) VOLUME 85, NUMBER 2 241 54(49). 55(54). 56(55). 57(56). 58(55). 59(58). 60(59). Middle of abdominal segments 2, 3, and 4 with fine, sparse punctures, these much smaller and sparser than punctures on 5th segment; body reddish brown to primarily black; punctures of metasternum small and sparse, not clearly dual; eyes separated by 1.0—1.3% vertical di- ameter of an eye; body about 1.7X as long as wide; length 2.4—3.8 mm; Lower California (southern U.S.) ......... punctulatus (LeConte) Middle of abdominal segments 2, 3, and 4 virtually free of punctures, or punctures distinct and as those on remainder of abdomen ..... 55 Middle of abdominal segments 2, 3, and 4 nearly free of distinct FUL ULES TE TES Ae A Rete nee ste OMe are ee eee eth Mion atte SWS clans 56 Middle of abdominal segments 2, 3, and 4 with distinct punc- RUF SAT SI URES ES ON 2 PREC ne, A Stee OLE. SP tees RIPE 58 Length about 4.0 mm; body about 1.75X as long as wide; body throughout very dark reddish brown; eyes separated by 1.3 vertical diameter of an eye; dual abdominal sutures 3 and 4 with 2nd groove much deeper and wider than Ist; in lateral view body stout, length 2x depth; pronotum bulging (Fig. 3); Brazil ........... bahiensis (Pic) engin 2.3—2.7 mim; Otherwise NOt dS AUOVE i ge a7 Length about 2.7 mm; body about 2 as long as wide; body through- out reddish brown; eyes separated by a little over vertical diameter of an eye; dual abdominal sutures 3 and 4 with each groove of double grooves similar in depth and width; in lateral view body less elongate, Tetipiiic 2 ACCME NV ACCT ck eee a a laevis (Gorham) Length about 2.3 mm; body about 1.8X as long as wide; body reddish brown but elytra clearly darker than remainder; eyes separated by about 1.2X vertical diameter of an eye; abdominal sutures 3 and 4 with anterior groove of each double groove deeper and wider than posterior groove; in lateral view body elongate, length 2.4 depth; A TI ek ce ces ea i el alutaceus (Blair) Side of pronotum before posterior angle not bulging to weakly bulging; length 1.8-3.2 mm; usually stouter, about 1.6—1.9X as long as wide; elytral punctures usually sparser, separated on an average by about 2-3x diameter of a puncture; Guadeloupe, Galapagos, Central Amer- 1Gd and Weawem CAalMtOnnia: ek << pole carbs seas ciate ieee eee ieee ee eae 2 59 Side of pronotum before posterior angle strongly bulging; length 3.6- 4.6 mm; more elongate, about 1.9-2.1X as long as wide; elytral punc- tures denser, separated on an average by 2X diameter of a puncture Orless: Areentinaand Braz aoa cae shell ei ead rs 64 Length 2.6-3.2 mm; body about 1.8-1.9X as long as wide ....... 60 Length 1.8-2.5 mm; body about 1.6-1.7X as long as wide ....... 62 Length about 3.2 mm; body reddish brown throughout; vertex not carinate, not protuberant; eyes separated by about 1.4x vertical di- ameter of an eye; pronotum moderately bulging before posterior mar- gin; elytral punctures elongated; head above eye with a feeble, narrow eroove ower California ts oo jc iui ieee ees canonicus (Fall) Length about 2.6-2.9 mm; otherwise not exactly as above; Guade- loupe AnGMGalaDagOS 5.12... ne oa se eer a! oie dame ene win he 61 242 61(60). 62(61). 63(62). 64(58). 65(64). PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Length about 2.9 mm; body reddish brown throughout; vertex finely, longitudinally carinate and not protuberant; eyes separated by about 1.3X vertical diameter of an eye; pronotum weakly bulging before posterior margin; elytral punctures round; head above eye with a shallow, narrow groove, not as wide as 2 eye facets; Guadeloupe .. O) AERA Ye Reiss yb ae oa eee ee Lee E dufaui (Pic) Length about 2.6 mm; body reddish brown but with pronotum darker than elytra; vertex finely, longitudinally carinate and protuberant; eyes separated by a little over vertical diameter of an eye; pronotum not bulging before posterior margin; elytral punctures elongated; head above eye with a deep, wide groove as wide as 2 eye facets; Galapagos he Re he Lo. rer rence ye georgicus (Blair) Body black nearly throughout, some areas and margins may be red- dish; eyes separated by 1.2—1.3X vertical diameter of an eye; vertex finely, longitudinally carinate; body about 1.6 as long as wide; prono- tum rounded before posterior angle, not bulging; punctures of dorsum of 1 size only; length 2.1-2.4 mm; Sth abdominal segment grooved atrapex: (Grulatemala | .: ... « 2a. ee eed et ae glaber (Gorham) Body reddish brown throughout or with elytra noticeably darker than remainder; otherwise not as above; Mexico to Panama .......... 63 Body reddish brown but with elytra noticeably darker than remainder; length 2.1—2.5 mm; elytron near suture lacking a stria; punctures of dorsum of one size; eyes separated by about vertical diameter of an eye; vertex not carinate; body 1.66X as long as wide; pronotum weakly bulging before posterior angle; apex of 5th abdominal segment grooved; MEXICO tO Pandind 7.0). cen cee ae ae. ee semirufus (Champion) Body reddish brown throughout; length about 1.8 mm; punctures of dorsum of essentially 1 size, but elytron adjacent to suture with a feeble stria of punctures slightly larger than others on elytron; vertex not carinate; eyes separated by about vertical diameter of an eye; body 1.7X as long as wide; pronotum weakly bulging before posterior angle; apex of 5th abdominal segment grooved; Panama ............... ET Ee Oe ea ae eo Tne Ne 2 Oe ee nitescens (Champion) Punctures on head near middle of frons irregular in size and density, smaller ones clearly smaller than those at side of pronotum; elytral punctures with an obscure tendency to form longitudinal bands; length about 4:0 mm: Argentina co: DMG cs fy eee eee eee bruchi (Pic) Punctures of head about same size to a little larger than those at side of pronotum, regular in size and density; elytral punctures not forming DAMS oo re ce le ne awe Ee eRe ER ee 65 Reddish brown throughout; length about 3.6 mm; Sth abdominal segment more shallowly concave from front to back; head adjacent to eyes not shallowly depressed, evenly rounded throughout; punc- tures of head separated from one another by much less than diameter Gfa puncture. Argentina. 0.0. Poo Pee es ae attenuatus Pic Dorsum very dark brown, most of ventral surface more reddish; length about 4.5 mm; 5th abdominal segment more deeply concave VOLUME 85, NUMBER 2 243 front to back; head adjacent to eyes shallowly depressed; punctures of head separated by a little less than diameter of a puncture; Brazil “is: he ee he OS aE he Be minasensis (Pic) LIST OF SPECIES OF CALYMMADERUS IN KEY WITH SYNONYMY alutaceus (Blair), 1928: 677. argentifer (Pic), 1904b: 32. attenuatus Pic, 1912a: 64. subattenuatus (Pic), 1911: 122. bahiensis (Pic), 1904c: 37. brasiliensis White, new name. punctatus (Pic), 1922: 5 (homonym). brevipennis (Pic), 1900: 68. brevis (Pic), 1904c: 37. brevissimus (Pic), 1909: 170. bruchi (Pic), 1912b: 455. brunneonotatus (Pic), 1904b: 32. caeruleus (Champion), 1913: 149. canonicus (Fall), 1905: 222. comatus (Champion), 1913: 150. cribripennis (Pic), 1904b: 31. dejeani (Pic), 1905b: 115. donckieri (Pic), 1904a: 19. dorcatomoides (Fisher), 1927: 49. dufaui (Pic), 1906: 22. erythrocephalus (Champion), 1913: 146. exiguus (Gorham), 1886: 347. funki (Pic), 1904a: 19. galapagoensis (Blair), 1928: 676. georgicus (Blair), 1928: 676. germaini (Pic), 1907: 338. gibbosiceps (Pic), 1904b: 31. glaber (Gorham), 1883: 203. humilis humilis (Pic), 1904c: 37. h. nitidissimus (Pic), 1904c: 37. inaequalicollis (Pic), 1932: 11. instriatus (Pic), 1922: 5. laevis (Gorham), 1898: 327. latipennis Pic, 1915b: 7. metallicus (Pic), 1902a: 31. minasensis (Pic), 1904c: 37. mixtus (Fall), 1905: 221. multimaculatus (Pic), 1922: 4. nactus (Fall), 1905: 220. nigricolor (Pic), 1904c: 37. nigromaculatus (Pic), 1904b: 32. nigronotatus (Pic), 1910: 46. nitescens (Champion), 1913: 147. oblongus (Gorham), 1883: 206. ovulum (Gorham), 1883: 205. pici White, new name. pubescens (Pic), 1902b: 55 (hom- onym). pubescens (Gorham), 1883: 204. punctatus (Gorham), 1883: 203. punctulatus (LeConte), 1865: 236. viticola (Schwarz), 1878: 365. pupatus (Gorham), 1883: 205. rufescens (Pic), 1902b: 55. angustatus (Pic), 1904c: 37. gounellei (Pic), 1904c: 37. rufomaculatus Pic, 1915b: 7. rufonitens (Pic), 1904c: 37. semirufus (Champion), 1913: 147. sericeomaculatus Pic, 1915a: 9. sharpi (Gorham), 1886: 348. striatus (Gorham), 1883: 204. subattenuatus (Pic), 1904c: 37. subnotatus (Pic), 1904c: 36. subopacus (Pic), 1904b: 31. substriatus (Pic), 1922: 5. subvestitus (Champion), 1913: 145. tessellatus (Pic), 1900: 68. testaceipes (Pic), 1905a: 92. theresae (Pic), 1902a: 31. throscoides (Gorham), 1883: 206. variegatus (Pic), 1900: 68. venezuelensis Pic, 1904a: 19. LABEL DATA FROM CALYMMADERUS TYPES The types of Pic are in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle in Paris, those of Gorham, Champion, and Blair are in the British Museum of Natural 244 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON History in London, the three of Fall are in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, and the one of Fisher is in the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C. Below I note discrepancies between published data and data on type specimens. Most Pic species are represented in his collection by single specimens that bear his handwritten type labels, so there is usually no need to designate lectotypes. In the instances where there was a series of specimens in the Pic collection rep- resenting a species (and in the collections of other authors), I have designated lectotypes and have affixed lectotype labels to pins bearing specimens. C. alutaceus (Blair).—‘“‘James Island. Galapagos. In rotten wood. 25. 71 24. St. George Expedn. C. L. Collenette.; Type H. T.; Eupactus alutaceus Bl., Type, det. K. G. Blair.” C. angustatus (Pic).—‘‘S. Antonio da Barra, Pr. de Bahia, Gounelle 11-12.88; Ech. no. 233, 1904, p. 37; type; TYPE: angustatus Pic.” C. argentifer (Pic). —“‘Caraca (Minas Geraez), Brésil, E. Gounelle I.2.1885; type; TY BE: argentifer-Pic; Ech. no; 232.” C. attenuatus Pic.—‘“‘Rep. Argent.; TYPE; (undecipherable) = attenuata Pic (undecipherable).”’ C. bahiensis (Pic).—‘‘S. Antonio da Barra, Pr. de Habia, Gounelle 11-12.88; Ech. no. 233, 1904, p. 37; type; TYPE; bahiensis Pic.” C. brevipennis (Pic).—‘“‘Jatahy, Prov. Goyas. Brésil, Dec. 97-Janv. 98; Le Nat. no. 313, 15 Mars 1900 p. 68; type; TYPE; Th. brevipennis Pic.” C. brevis (Pic).—‘“‘Bresil, (Gounelle); accouplement; Ech. no. 233, 1904, p. 37; type; TYPE: ‘brevis Pic:” C. brevissimus (Pic). —‘“*889.; Guadeloupe (Dufau); type; TYPE; Eupactus brev- issimus Pic.” C. brunneonotatus Pic.—‘‘S. Antonio da Barra, Pr. de Habia, Gounelle 11- 12.88; type; TYPE; brunneovittatus Pic.” The published spelling of this name was brunneonotatus. C. bruchi (Pic).—‘‘Rep. Argentina, Proc. Mendoza, 190, C. Bruch; Eupactus n. sp.; type; TY PE;/Bruchi Pic:” C. caeruleus (Champion).—‘“*David, Chiriqui. Champion.; Sp. figured.; Type; Eupactus caeruleus Ch.; Wrongly named, figured as Lioolius punctatus; Tr. Ent. Soc. L. 1913. det. Champion.; Lioolius punctatus Gorham; B.C.A. Coll. III. (2). Lioolius.”’ C. canonicus (Fall).—‘“*‘Santa Rosa Low, Cal, Cal.; 5; canonicus TYPE; M.C.Z. Type 24682; H. C. FALL COLLECTION: Eupactus canonicus Fall.” C. comatus (Champion).— Partial data follow: ‘““Chontales, Nicaragua, Jansen; ype.” C. cribripennis (Pic).—‘*‘S. Antonio da Barra, Pr. de Bahia, Gounelle 1 1-12.88; type; TYPE; cribripennis Pic.” C. dejeani (Pic).—‘‘Teapa; type; Ech. no. 293, 1905, p. 115; Thaptor dejeani Pic.” C. donckieri (Pic). —‘‘151.; Sierra de Durango.; type; TYPE; Eupactus donkieri Pic.”’ For a description of this species see White, 1973: 847. C. dufaui (Pic).—“‘Anobium, 234 ter.; 8.; Guadeloupe, (Dufau); type; TYPE; Eupactus Dufaui Pic, n. sp.; Lectotype with L. Eupactus dufaui Pic, by R. White VOLUME 85, NUMBER 2 245 °80.”’ Two specimens are mounted together on this pin, and I have put an L. beside the specimen that I hereby designate as lectotype. C. erythrocephalus (Champion).—“S. Geronimo, Guatemala., Champion.; Type; Eupactus erythrocephalus Ch.; B.C.A. Coll. HI. (2)., Lioolius.”’ C. exiguus (Gorham).— “Syntype; Type; Honduras; Salle Coll.; Type; Eupactus exiguus Gorh.; Tr. Ent. Soc. L., 1913, det. Champion; Lioolius exiguus Gorh.; B.C.A. Coll., III. (2)., Lioolius.’’ There are two specimens in the series of C. exiguus; I have added a lectotype label to the specimen with the above data and hereby designate it as lectotype. C. funki (Pic).—‘“‘Cumana; type; TYPE: Eupactus funcki Pic.’’ Correct spelling is funki. C. galapagoensis (Blair).—““Syntype; Type H. T. [upside down]; Galapagos: Charles Island., At light. Sea level., July 1924., St. George Expedn., C. L. Col- lenette.; Thaptor galapagoensis Blr., Type, det. K. G. Blair.’’ There are nine specimens in the Blair series, and I have added a label to the specimen with the above data and hereby designate it as lectotype. C. georgicus (Blair).—‘“‘Charles Island. Galapagos. beaten from vegetation. 30.7.24. St. George Expedn. C. L. Collenette.; Type H. T.; Eupactus georgicus Blair, Type, det. K. G. Blair.” C. germaini (Pic).—“‘Bolivia, Germain?; [3 obscure or folded labels]; type; TY PE: Eupactus germaini.” C. gibbosiceps (Pic).—“‘Brésil, ét de Sao Paulo. Val dud Rio Pardo, E. Gounelle, 12-98; type; TYPE: gibbosiceps Pic.” C. glaber (Gorham).—‘‘Duenas, Guatemala, G. C. Champion; Type; Type; Eupactus glaber Gorh.; Tr. Ent. Soc. L., 1913, det. Champion; B.C.A. Coll. III. (2). Lioolius; Syntype.” Four specimens represent this species; two are mounted on a card on one pin. I have written an L, below one of these, and it is hereby designated as lectotype. The pin bears a lectotype label. C. gounellei (Pic).—‘‘S. Antonio da Barra, Pr. de Bahia, Gounelle 11-12.88; type; TYPE; Gounellei Pic.’’ I hereby designate the specimen in the Pic series with these labels as lectotype and have added a lectotype label to it. C. humilis humilis (Pic).—‘““Tijyuca (Rio), Bresil, E. Gounelle, 12, 1884; Ech. no. 233, 1904, p. 37; type; TYPE; Humilis Pic.” C. humilis nitidissimus (Pic).—‘‘Tijuca (Rio), Bresil, E. Gounelle, 12, 1884; Ech. no. 233, 1904, p. 37; type; TYPE; nitidissimus Pic.” C. inaequalicollis (Pic).—‘‘Loja; type; TYPE; inaequalicollis n. sp.” C. instriatus (Pic).—‘‘Corumba, Matt. Grosso; type; TYPE; Thaptor instriatus n. sp.” C. laevis (Gorham).—‘“‘Type; Sp. figured [upside down]; Type [upside down]; Leeward side, St. Vincent, W.I., H. H. Smith., 53.; W. Indies, 98.237.; Mirosternus laevis Gorh.; belongs to Eupactus Lec. = Lioolius Gorham.” C. latipennis Pic.—‘‘Goyaz, Rio Verde; type; TYPE; latipennis Pic.” C. metallicus (Pic).—‘‘N. Pérou, Prov. Tumbez, G. A. Baer; type; TYPE: me- tallicus Pic.” C. minasensis (Pic).—‘“*Bresil (Minas), Sertao de Diamantina faz das Melancias E. Gounelle 10-11 1902; TYPE; minasiensis Pic.’ The spelling that was published is minasensis. 246 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON C. mixtus (Fall).—‘‘Santa Rosa Low, Cal.; 22; mixtus TYPE; M.C.Z. Type 24683; H. C. FALL COLLECTION.” C. multimaculatus (Pic).—‘“‘Bresil (Minas), Campos de Diamantina, Faz. do Riacho Fundo, E. Gounelle 12 1902; Thaptor multimaculatus n. sp.” Since this is the only member of the species I have found in the Pic collection, I hereby designate it as lectotype, for the specimen bears no type label. The data agree with that given by Pic, 1922: 5. C. nactus (Fall).—‘‘San Felipe Low, Cal; 6; nactus TYPE; M.C.Z. Type 24684; H. C. FALL COLLECTION; Eupactus nactus Fall.” C. nigricolor (Pic).—‘‘S. Antonio da Barra, Pr. de Bahia, Gounelle 11-12.88; Ech. no. 233, 1904 p. 37; type; TYPE; nigricolor Pic.” C. nigromaculatus (Pic). —‘“‘Bresil, (Gounelle); type; TYPE; nigromaculatus Pic.” In the original description (Pic, 1904b: 32) the locality is given as San Antonio da Barra. There are no such data on the specimen. C. nigronotatus (Pic).—“‘Septembre; Rep. Arg.; type; TYPE; Th. nigronotatus Pic?’ C. nitescens (Champion).—‘“‘V. de Chiriqui, 25-4000 ft., Champion.; 2; Type; Eupactus nitescens Ch.; Tr. Ent. Soc. L., 1913., det. Champion.; B.C.A. Coll. III. (2)., Lioolius.”’ In the original description the altitude is given as 3000 feet. C. oblongus (Gorham).—‘“‘Cordova Mexico, Salle Coll.; Type; Type; Thaptor oblongus Gorham; B.C.A. Coll. III. (2)., Thaptor.” C. ovulum (Gorham).—‘“‘Chontales., Janson; Type; Syntype; Type; 2; Eupactus ovulum Gorh.; Tr. Ent. Soc. L., 1913, det. Champion, Lioolius ovulum Gorham; B.C.A. Coll. II. (2)., Lioolius.”” Though there is but one specimen of this species in the British Museum, there were four specimens mentioned by Gorham, 1883: 205. For that reason I hereby designate this specimen as the lectotype. C. pubescens (Pic).—‘“‘Jatahy, Prov. Goyas. Brésil, Dec. 97-Janv. 98; Le Nat. no. 360, 1902, p. 55; type; TYPE; Thaptor pubescens Pic.” This is one of two specimens in the Pic collection, and I hereby designate it as lectotype. C. pubescens (Gorham). —‘“*‘David Chiriqui. Champion; Type; Eupactus pubes- cens Gorham; B.C.A. Coll., III. (2)., Lioolius.”’ C. punctatus (Gorham).—‘“‘Salle Coll.; Honduras; Type; Type; Eupactus punc- tatus Gor.; Lioolius punctatus Gorh. Type; Lioolius punctatus Gorham; Tr. Ent. Soc. L. 1913 det. Champion; B.C.A. Col. III (2), Lioolius.” C. punctatus (Pic).—‘‘Corumba, Matt. Grosso; type; TYPE; rugestriatus n. sp.; Thaptor punctatus n. sp.” C. pupatus (Gorham).—‘“‘Syntype; Capetillo. Guatemala, C. Champion; Type; Type Sp. figured; Thaptor pupatus Gorham; B.C.A. Coll. III. (2)., Thaptor.”’ There are eight specimens in the type-series; I hereby designate the specimen with the above data as lectotype and have so labeled it. C. rufescens (Pic).—‘‘S. Antonio da Barra, Pr. de Bahia, Gounelle 11-12.88; Le Nat. no. 360, 1902, p. 55; type; Type; Thaptor rufescens.”’ C. rufomaculatus Pic.—In the original description Pic, 1915, p. 8, gave the data as ““Bresil: Tijuca (Gounelle).” I have a specimen that I compared with the type, but neglected to copy the type data when I examined it. C. rufonitens (Pic).—“‘Bresil, Gounelle; Ech. no. 233, 1904, p. 37; type; TYPE: rufonitens Pic.” In the original description Pic, 1904: 37, gave the datum Nova Friburgo; there is no such datum on the pin. VOLUME 85, NUMBER 2 247 C. semirufus (Champion).—““Teapa Tabasco. Jan. H.H.S.; 1907-156; Type; Eupactus semirufus; Tr. Ent. Soc. L., 1913, det. Champion; B.C.A. Coll. III. (2)., Lioolius.” C. sericeomaculatus Pic.—‘‘Mineiro, Goyaz; type; TYPE: sericeomaculatus Pic.” C. sharpi (Gorham).—“‘Jalapa Mexico, Hoege; Type; Thaptor sharpi; B.C.A. Coll. III. (2)., Thaptor.”’ C. striatus (Gorham).—‘‘Chontales, Janson; Type; Type; Eupactus striatus Gorh.; Tr. Ent. Soc. L., 1913., det. Champion; Lioolius striatus Gorham; B.C.A. Coll. III. (2)., Lioolius; Syntype.’’ There are four specimens in Gorham’s series and I hereby designate as lectotype the specimen with the preceding labels and have added a lectotype label to the pin. C. subattenuatus (Pic). —‘“*S. Antonio da Barra, Pr. de Bahia, Gounelle 1 1-12.88; Exchange no. 233, 1903, p. 37; type; TYPE: subattenuatus Pic.” C. subattenuatus (Pic).—The data for this junior homonym (published by Pic, 1911: 122) are found under the name attenuatus (Pic). C. subnotatus (Pic).—“‘Brésil; type; Exchange, no. 233, 1904, p. 36; TYPE; subnotatus Pic; Calymaderus (sic) brevicollis Sol.?” C. subopacus (Pic).—‘“*S. Antonio da Barra, Pr. de Bahia, Gounelle 11-12.88; type; TYPE; subopacus Pic.” C. substriatus (Pic).—‘“‘Goyaz, Rio Verde; n. sp. probabl; type; TYPE: Thaptor substriatus n. sp.” C. subvestitus (Champion).—‘“‘Mexico city, Hége; Type; Eupactus subvestitus Ch.; Tr. Ent. Soc. L.; 1913, det. Champion.; B.C.A. Coll. III. (2)., Lioolius; Syn- type.” There are only two specimens in the Champion series; I hereby designate as lectotype the specimen with the above labels, and have so labeled it. C. tessellatus (Pic).—‘‘Jatahy, Prov. Goyas, Bresil, Dec. 97-Janv. 98; Le Nat. no. 313, 15 Mars. 1900, p. 68; type; TYPE: Th. tessellatus Pic.” C. testaceipes (Pic).—I neglected to copy the type data when I examined the type. Pic, 1905a, p. 93, gave the locality as Cuba. C. theresae (Pic).—‘“‘N. Perou, Prov. Tumbez, Grau, G. A. Baer; Anobiidae?; L. Ech. no. 208; type; TYPE; Thaptor; Theresae Pic.” C. throscoides (Gorham).—‘‘Syntype; Capetillo, Guatemala, C. Champion; Type; Thaptor throscoides Gorham; Sp. figured; B.C.A. Coll. III. (2), Thaptor.” There are 11 specimens in this series; I hereby designate as lectotype the specimen to which I have added a lectotype label. C. variegatus (Pic).—“‘Jatahy, Prov. Goyaz. Brésil, Dec. 97-Janv. 98; Le Nat. no. 313, 15 maro(?) 1900, p. 68; type; TYPE: Th. variegatus Pic.” C. venezuelensis Pic.—‘‘Fracatal, Venezuel.; type; TYPE; Eupactus venezu- elensis.”” CALYMMADERUS SPECIES OF UNCERTAIN STATUS argentinus Pic, 1928: 99. mexicanus Pic, 1904a: 18. atronotatus Pic, 1924: 376. pudicus Boheman, 1858: 86. bibliothecarum Poey, 1851: 228. newmani Bréthes, 1919: 27. humilis latior Pic, 1927: 247. suturalis Pic, 1902b: 55. I have seen no specimens reliably identified as any of the above, so I am unable to assign the names. 248 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON SPECIES FORMERLY IN CALYMMADERUS The species listed below were in error placed by their describers in Calym- maderus or in genera now synonymic with it. A reference is given to the paper in which each species was transferred to its correct genus. Calymmaderus aeneus Pic, 1915a: 10; now Oyarzuna aenea (Pic) in Chryso- melidae, see White, 1972: 216. Eupactus barranus Pic, 1904c: 37; now a synonym of Stichtoptychus diverse- striatus (Pic), see White, 1980: 11. Calymmaderus brevicollis Solier, 1849: 474; now Stichtoptychus brevicollis (So- lier), see White, 1974a: 229. Eupactus brunneus Pic, 1904c: 36; now Calytheca brunnea (Pic). Change made herein. Calymmaderus granulosus Pic, 1923: 7; now Stichtoptychus granulosus (Pic), see White, 1974a. Calymmaderus minutus Solier, 1849: 474; now Stichtoptychus minutus (Solier), see White, 1974a: p. 238. Thaptor verdensis Pic, 1932: 11; now Stichtoptychus verdensis (Pic), see White, 1980. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CALYTHECA 1. Length about 2 mm; eyes small, separated by about 3X vertical diameter of an eye; head produced immediately in front of eyes; body stout, about 1PS0