reghe poe shi Ave sR eT REND a it tn Harveys yee oe Coe ert Me, , ae ae 4 aie ati SMa a *, uF Hhayh ap ta renee wad bert Sab tiatets eighth ae eeioa My a (sary p¥ chaiteoensn sn oho) ¥its et ie eine in ane + voyee r ; ees bh nah vhs uy here ern vs ‘ i's Pe fot \ Rea Vay pth if Reaitiat ide ietar teat repanav ese tee are LS ee be pad nee yy ag Pera eta o 7 ’ P f ‘ aoe ? : ry i Reieit oe iat o 7 : r° » Mf aha } : nity a The : oye ' ‘ rs \ * ‘ mM _ ung hte ay Ste i pone ane ‘ ; HPP TRIS ae he } " ieee ne Sea hey ar ty } $1 H z Mi Hons ace , yi 3 ‘J ‘ ‘ i nf fone a : ie nt ie ; tat ror wi Bh ee iN haane sate ct et a ( ndinech ‘ . oe ‘ bytes ¥ Spe 4 ‘ ' bs rad ipe ae Wy Way ints : epee. soPd att} ad Naat? Hie j . { ’ j ie : i S933 tag anenren. au Bayh nk ww tt pre . i } \ ‘ rv ' : , Maasai yt Iai ney eit Pp BAS ania te 7 agent Pay sueaes > | : i “ : ’ ! i tat “4 1 ad 7 ' for tee ‘ ‘ . ‘ | ) ar ee eat | 2 Nee ', i he, ' Sbatenoec! ~ hs rey hares SO) ~Treeruwe Aw Sd oe haf Sp oS 7 Tee + £ spe 're yw 2: “W x “S370 “‘¥ = : ww: eX \ FSGS - BA lp hh oa Bj a Be wt? ea ae een a Nyt ~* c xf J tse’ 44 CEN wd Ath wre we ay tem nee 7 TN Neg \ = fags Ta nA | be . ~k& pent e ve? og” Chddilietd dt tae th el ec Wee SQ arecess Ve ~wUGreeseer” mae wustty i PEL & is Ne! TR PN dy nvy wyew rg Bh TR ‘ith SF eee SN heer ce gene NRE TNE ee un (Mh oy LANL Las OT Ts Murty te vty a } Le tye ihaglunie S HAE Ey Ul a ‘he, “WEUUOU ES" is anhtrennne: Ate we ie me f 3 h es he ateMiws | ; wi Pi] HELL EPEEL LLL Ee aN ‘¥ eB | ele lta) ul Pataca a alee P ode ‘ie v ~“w S Se fat 4 VI tse Ere wn nai wnt thro ek | PAR NA. Myst a hoi | é a Vyry SOA DAT VI spent ~ JER yal wetter “ < Atevws Te eee AIH. eit aa wage es" WOge ] get NAY egy HOUTY Oe a ave. “ware, ‘ bail A = ee TN we ty ng Sola Tt] wp» WN y | \ F —s- _ wy No | CUNee “Sly ’ My fe oe Tami ero mereyeea || MOL ¥ : Mr “WeL ner Noe tate Wee Ny wv ww ew see Cpt wt 2 4 x TTT] - | Lh hao | 1 “ , ua Sye tls seuss! dead < bs Un » bh — = ; wy , bhi eds “aT: Neuve nL a, a iystt es ot el y tee ON Ieersynn tere - ve = & wy ¥ Say ates vuumy! No nag ed wey ye L ey = I rent Taree oe ve Mita ns Ay Boge bh . ~e Cee BARNOUUUPTT NG | | bie TTL yy bd eS fl ai iti 2 ght, “BU “w Pao! be ; me iw Hf a & Shea ee el ee ~ eS! 7 3 Vue yw 4si_e: AL 5 4). che boon! Sy Nive ty? ee | | toh de SO tat ee ne BO y ay te ; ) oy g en, CR) les wy” ty Seven tiriigetusiees ah baba roger ere {iT Ww vetreerris : Lhd re a yas wae Me PTT eR ee EEL TT AA A isloleatal it WPAEPP MATE TL TALL on aS PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON VoLuME 29 ¥ Sa eS ceton SS MATIONAL WES: PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY WASHINGTON, D. C. 1927 ah. f Ne, seer ACTUAL DATE OF PUBLICATION OF VOLUME 29. Number 1—pages 1-24 inclusive . . Number 2—Pages 25-48 inclusive Number 3—pages 49-72 inclusive Number 4—pages 73-100 inclusive . . . Number 5—pages 101-132 inclusive Number 6—pages 133-148 inclusive Number 7—pages 149-164 inclusive Number 8—pages 165-192 inclusive Number 9—pages 193-210 inclusive Press OF H. L. & J. B. McQueen, Inc. Wasuincton, D. C. [11 . February 23, 1927. . March 26, 1927. . April 21 1927. . May 18, 1927. » JULY LLL OZ Le . Fuly 26, 1927. . November 16, 1927. . December 10, 1927. . December 30, 1927. — FO TABLE OF CONTENTS OF VOLUME 29 Apricu, J. M.: A New Species of Oedematocera (Diptera: Tachinidae). 17 Arrow, C. J.: A note on the Coleopterous Genus Aserica (Melolonthinae) 69 Barber, H. S.: A supposedly new Baridiid weevil from Peruvian sugar cane (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) .. . Susi 149 BialspELt, F. E.: A blind beetle excavated fois an ABeyp ptian Gey s ruins dating’ between’ 117 and.235:A;D.).... . «+. 1241 Bovine, Apam G.: The larva of Nevermannia dane awieides. iehe with comments on the classifications of Anobiidae according to their larvae (Coleoptera: Anobiidae) . . . 51 —— —— On the classification of the Mylabnaad: a ae (Gelcepters: Mylabridae) .... A a id ees EO EE 3) Immature stages of Btave cterus wo) j eacchasidie Barber, with comments on the classification of the Tribe Barini (Coleoptera: Cur- | culionidae) .... 151 = Sal aD CSCHIDEOMSTOn aes a; He Genera Diabeoties aaa Phy Aloe brotica with a discussion of the taxonomic validity of the Subfamilies Galerucinae and Halticinae (Coleoptera) . . . . . . a= 198 Bucuanan, L. L.: A review of Panscopus esac Otiorhy neki: oe 25 CauDELL, A. N.: Problems in Taxonomy . . . 129 —— —— Zorotypus longicercatus, A new species if Zoraprer ron iaimiarcawi ta . 144 CockeEreELL, T. D. A.: “A new aie -species sof Papilio paeon jdiemane 48 —— —— Bees collected by Dr. H. M. Smith on Turtle Island (Koh Tao) Gulf of Siam —..... > mere et one 1160 Corton, R. T.: A Galendiid weevil: visitor — aes may Mt Ph bavrcerts lar ae 3 Dyar, Elannisan G.: American Psychodidae 1 (Diptera) . . . 162 Boe H. E.: Descriptions of Three New Species of Sucking ee to- serhe with a key to some related species of the Genus Polyplax. . 118 —— The occurrence of Proturans in Western North America. . . 146 Fisuer, W. S.: A new Cerambycid beetle from Colombia and Central America (Coleoptera) . . , rete 923 — A new Genus and Species of Galespiaes Fiat a termite nest in Costa Rica (Family Anobiidae) . . . Maes Co ertians 49 —— —— A chaff@e of name in Anobiidae (Gicone 116 Fours, Ropert M.: Descriptions of New Nearctic Serphoide a (Epmenop: Si) of cee ae: See beens ed en: 7 a 5 RS LR Nie Ps ea CS) Ganan, A. B.: A new species of Syntomaspis . . . 99 Gus C. T.: The larva and puparium of Oedematoces Ganon Ald- FICHE =, cs 5. 18 Hayes, Ws. P.: Amorher Hest ‘of Bristocen ates (Sap) (Hymenop tera: Bethylidae) .. . : 20 Hoop, J. Doucias: Gryllus comesticus inn as a Roaseheld pest in Rocheseer N. Y. (Orthoptera: Gryillidae) . 22 —— —— Three New Phlaecothripidae Cihivsan opie) ae ‘the Iiceice of Goluinibtarcges <6. ke:i.. Nears) 2 Ree ek et 5 Huncerrorp, H. B.: A report on the aquatic and semi-aquatic Hemip- tera of the Mulford Biological aE to Bolivia, South America, LOZ 1922 Jouannsen, O. A.: A New Midge injurious to pieineapples (Diptera Carat Lanomonmmeel eh Jounson, C. W.: Sore sears on Aiquestionableié types McAteeg, W. L.: Cicadidae of the vicinity of Washington, D. C. abitants of Bird Houses —— —— Bird nests as insect and arachnid hibernacula ; Ma tocu, J. R.: Descriptions of a new genus and three new species af Diptera . —— — Descnn ions andl Fenies éf tite: puparia fi Aneccea aint and Caliope fiaviceps (Diptera) : Morritt, A. W.: ts of a new cotton infesenes species “af Bucealde trix : Puituips, W. J.: Two new species at Hatnioles ; : Rroavonne A. Avery: Olfactory response of the Japanese Beetle (Popilbe japonica) : Rouwer, S. AL: A new one fron Keres (Hipenoptent: NScolidaee awflies of the genus Emphyta found in éié United States (Hym.) — On the Synonymy of a leah mining scamily Scuaus, W.: New species of Lepidoptera from South America. : a (Lepidoptera) from Central at South America —— —— New species of Flecerocee (ieaioncers) on Cenuat aie South America —— —— Results of a day’s Wore pt iak Se SHANNON, Raymonp C.: On the characteristics af the Oecinte af the Dip: tera A new genus and five new species of Syrphidae from Australia . Snopcrass, R. E.: The head and mouth parts of the Cidada . cies Wuire, G. F.: A Protozoan and a bacterial disease of ee kuehniella Zell Oar Wo corr, Geo. N.: An eel census oft two m pastites al a seawadeent in Northern New York seal As Ca Liv] 187 205 180 184 125 OES aa. VOL. 29 JANUARY, 1927 No. 1 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON gene MSH * FEB24 1927 * CONTENTS ALDRICH, J. M.—A NEW SPECIES OF OEDEMATOCERA (DIPTERA: TAMRON AL MUS NIDAE) : . FISHER, W. S.—A NEW CERAMBYCID BEETLE FROM COLOMBIA AND CEN- RAL, AMERICA (COLEOPTERA) 0h 5 3. . tp oMesl Sh wo kee 23 HAYES, WM. P.—ANOTHER HOST OF PRISTOCERA ARMIFERA (SAY) (HyY- MENOPTPRAC BERHVEIDAE)) “~ ote sae as Aue cay entan ee omen 20 HOOD J. DOUGLAS—GRYLLUS DOMESTICUS LINN. AS A HOUSEHOLD PEST IN ROCHESTER, N. Y. (ORTHOPTERA: GRYILLIDAE) ....... 22 GREENE, C. T.—THE LARVA AND PUPARIUM OF OEDEMATOCERA DIME RIAD RICE D s., cp ci ot Mee sd rie cols: ee sy ae Gee ts pe 18 ROHWER, S. A.—A NEW TIPHIA FROM KOREA (HYMENOPTERA: SCOLII- DATOS eB Se tape SaeROMee 1S Poi C3 Wor Aba Crs See gs (0 (aR 19 SNODGRASS, R. E.—THE HEAD AND MOUTH PARTS OF THE CICADA. . . 1 PusiisHeD Montruiy Excerr Jury, AuGusr AND SEPTEMBER BY THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON, D. C. Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D. C., under Act of August 24, 1912. Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized July 3, 1918. THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON OrcanizeD Marcu 12, 1884. The regular meetings of the Society are held in the National Museum on the first Thursday of each month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 p. M. Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00. Members are entitled to the ProcEEDINGS and any manuscript submitted by them is given precedence over any submitted by non-members. OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1927. FLOR Or ary ahestdent sf OR DS ee ae ole oe oO LR President AON = hla. ee Se he Se ee ee Ae ESCO Ie (AGGIE PE Boab Ana es cl es od Ge 6 cc do 185 (GRUAIS Seconamacespresident.. 2. 2 2.0 ° AER oe 2 ARCS BAKE PQECOURETERSCCTOLATY cis ey Hs ogee ou, St tes + Je See Corresponding Secretary-Treasurer. ...........S. A. ROHWER U.S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. i ae a ae nde ee OR WALTON Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Executive Committee: Tur Orricers and C. T. Greene, A. N. Caupe tt, T. E. Snyper. Representing the Society as a Vice-President of the Washington Academy of SCRERCES A Rc: Sitwell ose sto ieee ee ee AG eB OVA Ge PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON. Published monthly, except July, August and September, by the Society at Washington, D. C. Terms of subscription: Domestic, $4.00 per annum; foreign, $4.25 per annum; recent single numbers, 50 cents, foreign postage extra. All subscriptions are payable in advance. Remittances should be made payable to the Entomological Society of Washington. An author of a leading article in the ProceEprnGs will be given 10 copies of the number in which his article appears. Reprints without covers will be fur- nished at the following rates, provided a statement of the number desired accompanies the manuscript: 4 pp. 8 pp. 12 pp. 16 pp. 50 copies 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 100 copies 225 4.50 6.75 9.00 Certain charges are made for illustrations and there are available rules and suggestions governing the make-up of articles. Immediate publication in any number may be obtained at the author’s expense. All manuscripts should be sent to the Editor. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON VOES29. JANUARY 1927 Now! THE HEAD AND MOUTH PARTS OF THE CICADA. By R. E. Snopcrass, U.S. Bureau of Entomology. The presenting of one more paper on the head structures of the cicada is excusable on the claim that the paper contains new information which may help toward a final understanding of the morphology of the parts involved. The writer, for one thing, has reconsidered the evidence bearing on the status of the large, striated facial plate (fig. 1, C/p) which he formerly (1921) believed to be the “front,” an idea based on a study of what appeared then to be the muscles of the pharynx. Muir and Kershaw (1911, 1911a) had previously given cogent reasons for believing the plate to be the clypeus, a view rather generally accepted. Just as the present paper, adopting Muir and Ker- shaw’s interpretation, was first ready for the press, however, a paper appeared by Muir (1926) accepting the idea that the plate in question is the front, or a part of it. The evidence in favor of the older view, that the sclerite belongs to the clypeal region of the head, will be presented later, but it is derived in part from the belief that the sucking pump of the cicada is not the true pharynx, as it has always been called, but is a develop- ment of the mouth cavity. This, while significant in itself, if true, removes the chief objection to regarding as a clypeal sclerite the plate on which the pump muscles have their origin. Other considerations give positive evidence that it is such. In the cicada, the plate is evidently a postclypeus (figs. 1, 2, 3, C/p), the smaller, preoral plate below it being the anteclypeus (clp), and the free terminal piece the /abrum (Lm). The true pharynx of the cicada appears to be the muscular sac (fig. 7, Phy) fol- lowing the pump (Pmp), with its suspensory, or dilator, muscles distributed upon the frons, the vertex, and the tentorium. Other points of interest described in this paper are found in the transformations of the mouth sete during the change from nymph to adult, and in the shedding of a close-fitting cuticular sheath from each imaginal seta at the time of the molt to the adult, a feature heretofore unrecorded so far as known to the writer. THE SKELETON OF THE HEAD. In the head of the adult cicada (Tibicina septendecim) there are six regions clearly defined by external sutures. One of these covers that part of the head which bears the compound eyes, 2 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 1, JAN., 1927 the ocelli, and the antenne (figs. 1, 2, Ep), and which is con- tinued downward on the sides of the head as the long posterior lateral plates (8). Three sclerites form a median series on the facial aspect of the head: Uppermost is the large, bulging, transversely-striated postclypeus (C/p), prominent in the adult cicada and of even greater size in the nymph (fig. 3); below this is the smaller anteclypeus (c/p) in front of the mouth region; and then comes the slender tapering labrum (m7) ‘that covers the bases of the setae where the latter enter the groove of the labium. Finally, on each side of the head, is the elongate, anterior lateral plate (7), interpolated between the postclypeus and the posterior lateral plate (2). This plate (7) terminates below in a bridge (fig. 2, a) that merges into the side of the hypopharynx (Hphy). The posterior lateral plate (B), though continuous above in the adult with the dorsal parts of ‘the cranium, will be more conveniently considered as a separate element of the head wall. The homologies of the head plates and head regions of the Hemiptera still offer a difficult problem to the morphologist. The dorsal surface of the head of the adult cicada presents a broad, flat surface, deeply emarginate in front to receive the upper end of the striated facial plate. It is marked by a median suture behind the median ocellus, and by two lateral longitudi- nal grooves. In the nymph (fig. 3), however, a transverse suture extends laterally on each side from the anterior end of the median suture to behind the antennae. These transverse sutures cut off a narrow anterior sclerite (F7) lying between the upper part of the striated facial plate and the principal part of the vertex. At the molt, the nymphal cuticula splits along both median and transverse sutures, opening thus a cleft having the form of a Y with the arms much flattened. These sutures of the cicada nymph, therefore, must be the epicranial suture of other insects, with its two divergent frontal branches. The median ocellus of the adult head forms beneath the small triangular area at the junction of the frontal sutures with the vertical suture, and the other two ocelli appear on the lateral areas of the vertex. It is scarcely to be doubted, therefore, that the anterior narrow, transverse sclerite of the top of the nymphal head is the frovs (fig. 3, Fr), which in the adult fuses with the vertex. The narrow frontal sclerite of a cicada nymph is seen clearly in the exuvie, as illustrated by Berlese (1909, fig. 41) and by Comstock (1924, fig. 464). Remnants of the frontal sutures are to be seen in the adult cicada above and behind the bases of the antenne, and in the Cercopide a small frontal sclerite remains distinct from the vertex. Of the three median facial sclerites, the large uppermost one (fig. 1, C/p) has been variously regarded as the “frons” and as the “‘clypeus.” The present writer, in a former paper in these PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 1, JAN., 1927 3 Proceedings (1921), decided that this plate must be the front because the dilator muscles of the mouth pump, assumed fo be the pharynx, have their origin upon it. Other writers, includ- ing Heymons (1889), for the same reason have given it the same designation, and this interpretation has recently been accepted by Muir (1926). However, a study of the pump, its muscula- ture, and its relation to surrounding parts indicates, as will presently be shown, that the sucking organ of the Homoptera is a development more probably of the mouth cavity than of the true pharynx. Its dilator muscles, therefore, should be attached to the clypeus, since the principal dorsal muscles of the mouth cavity are thus attached in biting insects, and this is presumptive evidence that the sclerite of their origin in the Homoptera 1s likewise the clypeus, or a part of it. The stria- tions characteristic of the plate in the cicada consist of a series of transverse grooves on each side, the lines accentuated by rows of short pale hairs. The dilator muscles of the mouth pump are attached internally on the spaces between the striz. Aside from the evidence to be derived from the pump muscula- ture, the fact that the uppermost facial plate lies before the frontal sutures would indicate that it be elongs to the clypeus, and that it is no part of the true front. The term “pre-front”’ given to it by Berlese (1909) is therefore appropriate. Finally, the position of the anterior roots of the tentorial arms just below the bases of the antenne in the groove bounding the striated plate, identifies this groove as the fronto-clypeal suture. The identity of the second facial plate (fig. 1 , lp) is not easy to determine in the cicada, but its preoral position suggests that it too is a clypeal sclerite. Muir and Kershaw (1911, 191la) show examples in the Cercopide, Fulgoride, and Re- duviidee where it 1s not separated from the plate above it, and they state in a 21-day old embryo of Pristhesancus there is no line of demarcation between these two sclerites. The clypeus of the cicada and of other Homoptera having a similar facial development is, therefore, evidently divided into a dorsal postclypeus (figs. 1, 2, 3, Clp) and a ventral anteclypeus (c [p). Muir (1926) leaves the homology of the lower clypeal plate in doubt, suggesting that it may be “the clypeus, clypeus plus labrum, or labrum.” Its position relative to the mouth is not that of a labrum. The third facial sclerite, which in the cicada is a narrow free terminal lobe (figs. 1-5, Zm) closing upon the mouth set in the base of the labial groove, was regarded by Marlatt (1895) as the “epipharynx,” and has been so called by most subsequent students of the cicada. The writer, however, can see no reason why this piece is not the rudimentary labrum, since, as shown ina former paper (Snodgrass, 1921) it is an external sclerite, lying outside the mouth cavity, and has all the relations of a labrui to + PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 1, JAN., 1927 the surrounding parts. Comstock (1924), though he follows Marlatt in calling this sclerite the “epipharynx” in the cicada, names the corresponding piece in the head of Lethocerus, one of the Belostomide, the labrum (Comstock, fig. 403). The facial view of the head of a Psocid, as figured by Imms (1924, fig. 293), strikingly suggests the generalized pattern of the head sclerites of the Homoptera. The front, bearing the median ocellus, and extending laterally to the bases of the an- tenn, is a narrow sclerite between the vertex and the large quadrate postclypeus. Below the latter comes the narrow ante- clypeus, and then a broad free labrum. Imms, however, does not carry this interpretation over to the Homoptera, for in his ‘illustration of the head of a Cercopid (fig. 332) he designates as “labrum” the sclerite that clearly corresponds with the ante- clypeus i in the Psocid. - The anterior lateral plate of the head (lora, jugum, lamina mandibularis) was interpreted by Muir and Kesha (191) Fas a posterior lobe of the clypeus, because of the articulation of an arm from the base of the mandibular seta with the upper part of its posterior margin. Muir (1926) has later concluded that it is the gena, or a part of the genal region of mandibulate in- sects, a view which appears to accord best with the known facts. The upper end of the arm of the mandibular seta of the adult (fig. 5, f), which lies in the membranous groove between the two lateral head plates (fig. 2, 7, B), is vot the primitive articulation of the mandible with the cranium, for, in the nymphal head (fig. 4) the mandibular seta is directly continuous with the posterior ventral angle of plate 4. The arm of the adult seta (fig. 5, /), which bears the protractor apodeme (Pro), is formed during the pro-imaginal perjod (fig. 6) from the posterior margin of plate 4 through a secondary membranization of the part of the plate just before it. In the fully formed adult (fig. 5), the arm re- tains a connection with plate 4 only by its upper end (not with the epicranial wall behind as indicated formerly by the writer, 1921, fig. 14), and remains continuous with the base of the man- dibular seta below. It thus becomes a movable part of the protractor apparatus of the adult seta, but it is clearly not morphologically a part of the seta itself. Though still it is true that the mandibular seta is attached to plate 47 in both nymph and adult, this fact can not be taken necessarily as evidence that plate 4 belongs to the clypeus. In many forms, as in the aphids, it does appear anatomically to be a lobe of the clypeus, but in the cicada a high internal ridge (fig. 8, 7) separates it from the postclypeus. Its lower end is directly continuous by a bridge (figs. 2, 4, a) with the side wall of the hypopharynx, and this feature is strong evidence that the plate belongs to the mandibular segment of the head. It should, therefore, be the geva, or a part of the genal region. The PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 1, JAN., 1927 5 only embryological observation bearing directly on the nature of plate 4 is that of Heymons (1899) where he says the plate in its development is derived in part from the antennal segment and in part from the mandibular segment. The protractor muscles of the mandibular seta (fig. 5) arise from its inner face, and these muscles, Heymons says, are formed from mesoderm of the segment of the mandible. The position of the base of the mandibular seta at the posterior margin of the gena probably results, then, from the shifting which the mandibular rudiment undergoes in the early stages of its embryonic development. The posterior plate (lamina maxillaris) on the side of the head (figs. 1, 2, 3, B) is continuous dorsally with the vertex in the adult by chitinous bridges before and behind the compound eye. Ventrally it ends externally in a free rounded lobe (4). Internal to the lobe, however, it bears a transverse piece which terminates in a free, tapering process (c) at the anterior inner angle. The ventral pieces from opposite sides meet along the midline beneath the bases of the mouth sete, and their terminal ‘processes are pressed close against the sete where the latter issue from the head to enter the labial groove. The lower parts of plate A, including the lobe (4) and the process (c), are said by Heymons and by Muir and Kershaw to be derived from the body of the maxilla, which, during an early embryonic stage, unites with the lateral part of the maxillary segment, while the rudiment of the seta, which is an inner maxillary lobe (lacinia ?) separates and sinks into the head. The main part of the maxillary plate is, therefore, probably the postgena. In the nymph (fig. 3) it is not continuous with the vertex behind the eyes, and its upper end is separated from the latter before the eyes. Evidently the entire plate can not be identified closely with any segmental region of the head. Its rear margin, in the adult, is inflected to form a plate-like apodeme at the posterior margin of the head, to which are attached muscles that move the head and the muscles of the labium. The posterior arm of the tentorium arises at the upper end of this apodeme, just above the anterior end of the lateral crevical sclerite (fig. 1, @). There are no occipital or hypostomal chit- inizations in the head of the cicada behind the maxillary plates, the labium being suspended from the membrane of the neck without other support (fig. 2, £4). The deep membranous fold separating the two lateral head plates of the adult (4, B) and in which is located the protractor arm of the mandible is of double origin, its posterior half being the suture between gena and postgena, its anterior half, as already shown, being the membranized posterior part of the nymphal mandibular plate (fig. 6, 4). The tentorium consists of a deflexed transverse bar passing through the middle of the posterior part of the head cavity just 6 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 1, JAN., 1927 below the pharynx (fig. 7, Te), and of two horizontal arms (tev) springing from the cross bar at the sides of the pharynx and diverging forward to the suture behind the postclypeus (fig. 6, ten) at the upper end of plate 4. The transverse bar repre- sents the median tentorial bridge and the posterior arms, the roots of the latter being at the posterior margins of the maxillary plates just above the ends of the cervical sclerites (fig. 1, @). The lateral parts of the posterior arms are attached to the upper edges of the hypopharyngeal plates (fig. 7, 7). THE HYPOPHARYNX. The hypopharynx of the cicada is a large median lobe between the lower ends of the mandibular plates (figs. 2, 4, 5, HpAy), connected with the latter by the bridge (2) on each side. The dorsal wall of the hypopharynx forms the floor of the mouth pump behind the mouth cleft (fig. 9). Its anterior end is pro- duced into a short process, grooved along its dorsal surface (fig. 10, phy), that projects between the maxillary sete where the latter diverge to enter the setal pouches. At the tip of the hypopharynx is the opening of the exit duct from the salivary pump (fig. 9, Sa/O). The lateral hypopharyngeal surfaces are continued upward and posteriorly as two wide, chitinous, wing-like plates (fig. 7, 8, 7) that form the inner walls of two deep invaginations of the ventral side of the head, which contain the bases of the sete, and constitute the setal pouches. The upper end of each hypophary ngeal plate is closely connected with the posterior arm of the tentorium (Te7), and its outer (posterior) edge is attached to the posterior marginal apodeme of the maxillary plate. Within the hypopharynx ts the salivary pump (fig. 9, Sa/P), the outlet tube of which, as already noted, opens at the tip of the hypopharynx (Sa/O). The large flat muscles (Mc/) that operate the piston of the salivary pump are attached to the inner faces of the hypopharyngeal wing plates. THE MOUTH PUMP AND THE PHARYNX. The functional mouth of the cicada is the narrow median tube formed by the closure of the post-epipharyngeal surface upon the groove of the hypopharynx. The tube leads from the food channel of the maxille into the chamber of the mouth pump. The actual mouth, however, is a wide cleft extending upward on each side between the anteclypeus and the gena to the dorsal margin of the former. In the adult the mouth is best seen in the soft emerging imago (fig. 2, Mth), in which the lips may be widely opened. The mouth cleft opens into a highly specialized mouth cavity which constitutes the sucking pump (fig. 9, Pmp), the depressed roof of which is seen at ¢ in Figures 2 and 10. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 1, JAN., 1927 7 The strongly-chitinous walls of the mouth cavity, or chamber of the sucking pump (figs. 7, 9, Pmp), form an enlogate-oval capsule lying almost vertically in the lower part of the head. The lateral wall of the capsule is firmly braced externally to the ridge (j) between the postclypeus (C/p) and the mandibular plate (7). Below this ridge on each side, the walls of the chamber are split by the lateral ends of the mouth cleft (WA), but the lips are ordinarily tightly closed and firmly held together by the rigidity of the surrounding parts of the head in the fully chitinized insect, whether nymph or adult. The only functional entrance into the pump chamber, therefore, is by way of the channel on the hypopharynx, which opens on the floor of the chamber near its anterior (ventral) end (fig.9). The part of the floor behind the entrance is the dorsal surface of the hypo- pharynx. The exit from the pump is a small aperture at its dorsal (posterior) extremity opening into the muscular pharynx (Phy). The flexible roof (anterior wall) of the pump chamber is ordinarily deeply invaginated, almost obliterating the lumen of the chamber, and its median part constitutes the piston of the pump. The mechanism of the mouth pump is simple: the up-stroke of the piston is produced by the contraction of muscles inserted on the median line of the roof; the down-stroke results from the elasticity of the edges of the roof, which makes the piston spring back into the cavity of the chamber when the muscles relax. The dilator muscles of the cicada pump appear to correspond with the dorsal dilators of the mouth cavity in other insects. There are two sets of these muscles in the cicada, one set forming most of the great mass of muscle fibers that fills the space within the postclypeal sclerite of the head, the other consisting of two slender muscles lying immediately above the others. The fibers of the first set are inserted pinnately in transverse laminz on a series of slender, tendon-like apodemes arising from a median ridge of the roof of the pump; they are attached dis- tally to the entire inner surface of the postclypeus, each group having its origin on one of the slightly convex areas between the transverse grooves of this sclerite. The two slender muscles of the second dilator set arise from the posterior edge of the post- clypeus and go downward and posteriorly to their insertions on the extreme upper (posterior) end of the pump roof. There are no special valves at the entrance and exit apertures of the mouth pump, the piston serving as both plunger and valves. During the up-stroke the anterior end of the roof ascends first, sucking the liquid from the mouth tube into the chamber while © its posterior end keeps the exit closed; during the down-stroke the action is reversed, the anterior end descending first forces the liquid into the pharynx as it closes the mouth entrance. The walls of the pump chamber are devoid of muscles other 8 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 1, JAN., 1927 than the dilators of the roof—evidence, in addition to that de- rived from the structural relationships, that the organ is not a part of the true pharynx. It is interesting to note that the principal part of the sucking apparatus of the larva of Dytiscus is also a mouth structure (Burgess 1883, Rungius 1911, Speyer 1920) with its highly developed dilator muscles attached to the clypeal region (prefrons) of the head. In the Lepidoptera, on the other hand, the case is quite different: here the sucking pump of the moth, though in position almost identical with that of the cicada, is clearly a development of the muscular pharynx of the caterpillar. Except for a median space below, its walls are covered with muscles, a thick band of dorsal trans- verse fibers sharply defining the beginning of the pharynx from the small mouth cavity. The dilator muscles go to the frons and the vertex, and the frontal ganglion is situated on the dorsal wall of the part of the pharynx that constitutes the pump. The anatomical distinction between mouth cavity and pharynx was noted by Burgess (1883), who says: “The pharynx in insects should be defined as the muscular portion of the ali- mentary canal between the mouth and the cesophagus which is hung in the cranium by special suspensory muscles.”” General conclusions, however, can not be drawn until the subject is given more attention, and until wider comparative studies have been made on the anatomy of the head part of the alimen- tary canal and the distribution of its muscles. The true pharynx of the cicada is a relatively small, dorso- ventrally flattened enlargement of the anterior part of the ali- mentary canal. It is situated between the brain and the sub- cesophageal ganglion, and rests upon the transverse bridge of the tentorium (fig. 7, Phy). Its narrowed anterior end descends to the upper extremity of the mouth pump; its posterior end continues into the cesophagus (@). The frontal ganglion lies upon the anterior part of its dorsal wall. In contrast to the pump, the walls of the pharynx are covered by a continuous muscle sheath consisting of transverse, longitudinal, and ir- regularly diagonal fibers. At least five pairs of dilator muscles are inserted upon the dorsal and lateral surfaces of the pharynx, besides a sixth pair attached on the end of the esophagus. The first pair arises on the anterior margin of the frontal region of the epicranium, and is inserted medially on the anterior end of the pharynx. The second pair arises on the anterior arms of the tentorium and is inserted laterally on the pharynx just behind the circumcesophageal commissures from the brain. The third pair arises in the lateral grooves of the vertex and is inserted laterally on the posterior angles of the pharynx. The fourth pair arises on the posterior rim of the epicranium and is inserted medially on the posterior end of the pharynx. The fifth pharyngeal pair and the cesophageal pair arise on the posterior PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 1, JAN., 1927 9 arms of the tentorium, the first being inserted by wide bases laterally on the pharynx, the other on the cesophagus just be- hind the pharynx. THE MOUTH PARTS. The anatomy of the mouth parts in the adult cicada is now fairly well understood. The structure of the sete and their relation to the neghboring parts of the head are the same in all Hemiptera, superficial differences being due to the different form and position of the head in different groups and to the develop- ment of a chitinized gular region behind the labial base in the Heteroptera. Some entomologists object to the term “seta,” as applied to the mouth bristles, on the ground that the struc- tures are not sete. Consistency, however, ordinarily a virtue of first rank, may become sometimes of more bother than it is worth. No better term than “seta’’ has been suggested, and the organs in question are at least setiform outgrowths from the primitive mandibular and maxillary rudiments. The essential agreement in the accounts of the development of the hemipteran mouth parts as given by Heymons (1899) and by Muir and Kershaw (1911, 1912) will allow us to discard all other ideas and speculations on the subject. According to these investigators the appendages of the gnathal segments appear in the usual form in the young hemipteran embryo. The mandible is from the first a simple structure and so remains. The first maxilla, however, soon develops an endite lobe, apparently the lacinia of other insects, which completely separates from the body of the appendage. Then the entire mandible, and the maxillary lobe sink into an invagination on the under surface of the head, where they elongate into club-shaped organs, from which, finally, by a secretion of chitin at their tips, are formed the respective setee. The body of the maxilla, including the regions of the cardo, stipes, and palpus, fuses with the side wall of the head, forming the lower part (4) of the maxillary plate (figs. 1, 2, B) and its ventral horizontal lobe with the free terminal process (c). The insect mandible, as Heymons points ovt, is in any case only the basal segment and basal endite of an appen- dage; the mandible is, therefore, morphologically indivisible, and in the Hemiptera sinks into the head entire to be trans- formed into the mandibular seta. The maxillary seta, on the other hand, is a detached endite of the primitive appendage. This separation of the maxilla into parts that develop inde- pendently is paralleled in the Psocidee and certain Mallophaga, where, apparently, detached lobes of the maxilla form the max- illary rods of the mouth; but here the body of the appendage maintains its integrity, though it may become much reduced, and the mandible develops into a typical biting jaw. 10 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 1, JAN., 1927 The invaginations of the ventral head wall that contain the bases of the setee become the setal pouches of the adult Hemip- teron. In the cicada the pouches diverge dorsally and pos- teriorly against the outer surfaces of the hypopharyngeal wing plates (fig. 8, 2), which constitute their inner walls, the lateral walls of the pouches being membranes reflected from the lower parts of the maxillary plates. (In figure 8 the left pouch of a nymph is exposed by the removal of most of plate B and the outer membranous wall.) Each pouch is somewhat subdivided dorsally to accommodate the two sete, and its inner part is continued beyond the base of the maxillary seta (2Set) to the dorsal edge of the hypopharyngeal plate. The mandibular seta, as already noted, is directly connected in the nymph with the lower, posterior angle of the mandibular sclerite (figs. 4, 8, 4), but in the adult (fig. 5) it becomes de- tached from the body of this sclerite by the membranous sepa- ration of the entire posterior border of the sclerite during the transformation period (fig. 6). The bar (f) thus detached from the mandibular plate, but still continuous below with the setal base, now lies in the membranous groove between the mandi- bular and maxillary sclerites (fig. 2), and develops an internal plate which becomes the protractor apodeme of the mandi- bular seta (figs. 5,6, Pro). The protractor muscles of the man- dible extend downward and forward from the protractor apo- deme to the inner face of the mandibular sclerite. The re- tractors consist of three muscles inserted on the upper end of a long arm extending dorsally from the posterior rim of the setal base. They are attached above to the lateral region of the vertex. The retractor arm of the mandible (fig. 8, 7Res) lies ina fold of the membranous wall of the setal pouch; it is not, there- fore, a true apodeme as first figured by the writer (1921, fig. 13, TRap). The base of the maxillary seta lies somewhat deeper in the setal pouch than that of the mandible (fig. 8). It is connected with the outer, posterior wall of the pouch by a horizontal bar (A), itself a chitinization of the pouch wall, extending from the inner angle of the setal base toward the posterior edge of the maxillary plate. Here, in the nymph (fig. 8), the bar ends in the membranous outer wall of the pouch; in the adult, it is supported on a strong chitinization of the membrane extending upward from the inner face of the lower free part of the maxil- lary plate. The connection of the maxillary seta with the maxillary plate suggests the connection between the mandibular seta and the mandibular plate, but the relations are not analo- gous in the two cases; the mandible is attached to the outer wall of its supporting sclerite, the maxillary seta is attached to the outer wall of the setal pouch mesal to the maxillary sclerite. A connection between the sete and their respective sclerites was PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 1, JAN., 1927 11 described by Marlatt (1895), but his figures do not show cor- rectly the nature of their relations. The motor equipment of the maxillary seta consists of pro- tractor and retractor muscles with attachments similar to those of the mandibular muscles. The retractors arise on the vertex mesal to the mandibular retractors and are inserted on a short apodemal arm of the setal base (fig. 8, 2Ret). The protractors consist of two sets of fibers: an outer set arises from the lower part of the inner face of the maxillary plate, and is inserted on the outer face of the basal apodeme of the seta; an inner set arises from the ventral, horizontal inflection of the lower edge of the maxillary plate, and is inserted on the hori- zontal bar (A) attached to the setal base. A few muscle fibers go from the basal apodeme of the maxilla downward and fore- ward to the base of the mandible. A comparison of the setal muscles of the Hemiptera with the muscles of the mandibles and maxille of biting insects shows that there can be little homology between them. The protractors of the mandibular seta certainly can not be the abductors of the mandible, since they move the seta only by tension on a flexible piece of the head wall attached to the seta. The retractors suggest the adductors in their origin on the head wall, but the setal arm on which they are inserted has no homology with an ordinary mandibular adductor apodeme. The two protractors of the maxillary seta may be the flexor and extensor of the lacinia; but no maxillary muscle to the vertex, corresponding with the re- tractor of the maxillary seta, is present in biting insects, except in those that have a similarly detached maxillary lobe. Evi- dently, then, the setal muscles of the Hemiptera, with the pos- sible exception of the maxillary protractors, have been developed in response to the special needs of the setae. Heymons (1909) mentions simply that they are formed from mesodermal strands of the mandibular and maxillary segments. The shaft of the maxillary seta goes internal to that of the mandible against the side of the hypopharyngeal plate (fig. 8), and here its inner grooved surface slides upon a ridge (fig. 7, 72) on the side of the hypopharynx. The two maxillary sete are thus guided past the tip of the hypopharynx, where, as they come together, their opposed faces are joined by interlocking grooves and ridges. The food channel between them is continu- ous with the mouth tube over the hypopharynx, and the ventral salivary channel probably meets the orifice of the salivary pump at the point of the hypopharynx. The three-segmented labium, which constitutes the sheath of the proboscis and holds the four sete in a deep groove on its anterior surface, is suspended from the membranous “neck” between the cranium and the prothorax. A rod-like apodeme arises from the inner face of the groove in the basal segment 12 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 1, JAN., 1927 and projects dorsally between the nerve commissures from the head to the thoracic ganglia. A pair of protractor muscles is inserted on the upper end of the labial apodeme, and the two diverge downward and forward to their origins on the lower ends of the apodemes inflected from the posterior edges of the maxillary plates. The labial retractors arise on the upper ends of these maxillary plate apodemes and converge downward into the basal segment of the labium where they are inserted on the posterior labial wall. Intra-labial muscles go from the base of the labial apodeme to the base of the second segment; and a pair of fan-shaped muscles in the second segment are inserted on the base of the third segment. Those who have studied the development of the hemipteran mouth parts (Heymons, Muir and Kershaw) find that the appendages of the sixth head seg- ment grow out as simple elongate lobes and unite to form the median labium, which then becomes three-segmented. Cramp- ton (1921) regards the basal segment of the cicada labium as the mentum, the next segment as the palpigers, and the third as the fused palpi. It is evident that the muscles of the labium, as described above, furnish no clue to homologies with biting insects. A study of the new sete in the pro-imago, and the replace- ment of the nymphal sete by the imaginal sete furnishes some interesting information that suggests 1n certain ways the trans- formation processes of metamorphosis in holometabolic insects. Dissection of the head of the pro-imago just before the last nymphal molt reveals the four new sete deeply buried within the head, where each is coiled in a retort-shaped membranous sac, from the neck of which the terminal part of the imaginal seta projects into the hollow base of the corresponding nymphal seta. This condition is most likely to be found at each molt in all Hemiptera, it is easily observed in transparent aphids and coccids, but the details apparently have never been closely studied. The base of the new seta is attached to the dorsal wall of its enclosing sac, and its lumen here communicates with the cavity of the head. The mandibular seta of the cicada makes a single loop in the upper part of the sac (fig. 6); the maxillary seta (fig. 11) is coiled twice. (In figures 6 and 11 the walls of the setal sacs are not shown.) Ordinarily, when a new appendage is to be similar in form and size to the one it replaces, it is formed immediately within the cuticula of the old. With the mouth sete of the Hemiptera, however, the new sete obviously can not grow inside the old ones; for this reason they are produced within invaginations of the hypodermis immediately above the bases of the old sete, their tips alone projecting into the latter. The setal sacs of the Hemiptera are thus analogous to the peripodal pouches of the imaginal appendages in holometabolous insects. The base of PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 1, JAN., 1927 i) each seta, in its displaced situation, retains its normal connec- tion with the head wall—that of the mandibular seta (fig. 6) by means of a weakly chitinous prolongation (/’) in the wall of its sac from the arm (f) bearing the protractor apodeme; that of the maxillary seta (fig. 11) by a similar elongation (4’) from the bar (A) that unites it with the wall of the setal pouch. During the molt, the setal sacs contract, and the supporting arms of the setee are quickly shortened to their normal lengths by an ob- literation of the temporary extensions (fig. 6, f’, fig. 11, A’) as the setee uncoil and assume the positions of the nymphal sete now being cast off. The facts described above are easy to understand since they correspond with replacement processes in other insects; -but another phenomenon which may be observed during the molt of any common cicada is more difficult to explain. As the imago extracts its head from the nymphal cuticula, four long white threads, similar in appearance to the tracheal linings, but at- tached within the hollow bases of the nymphal sete, are seen to pull out from the setal pouches of the imago. These threads are not the imaginal sete; they are delicate cuticular sheathes en- closing the sete, and presently the latter are drawn out of them. The sheathes then shrivel and remain as a part of the exuvie. The setal sheathes may be seen in dissections of the pro-imago as film-like tubes about the sete in the sacs, which apparently extend up to the bases of the sete. During the molt the tips of the new sete remain in the bases of the old until they are fully extended; then, as the imago farther retracts its head, the sheathes are apparently detached from the bases of the new sete, allowing these sete finally to be drawn out of them. The shedding of the setal sheathes during the molt is easily observed. The sheathes are evidently cuticular invaginations formed about the sete, but an explanation of their true morphology must be left for a histological study of the early developmental stages of the sete. BIBLIOGRAPHY. _Bervese, A. (1909)—Gli insetti. Burcess, E. (1883)—The structure of the mouth in the larva of Dytiscus.— Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. 21, pp. 223-228, 4 figs. Comstock, J. H. (1924)—An introduction to entomology. Crampton, G. C. (1921)—The sclerites of the head, and the mouth parts of certain immature and adult insects.—Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., Vol. 14, pp. 65- 103, pls. 2-8. Heymons, R. (1899)—Bertrage zur Morphologie und Entwicklungsgeschichte der Rhynchoten—Nova Acta. Abh. Kaiserl. Leop.—Carol. Deut. Akad. Naturf., Vol. 74, pp. 349-456, pls. 15-17. Imms, A. D. (1924)—A general textbook of entomology. Marrtart, C. L. (1895)—The hemipterous mouth—Proc. Ent. Soc. Washing- ton, Vol. 3, pp. 241-249. 14 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 1, JAN., 1927 Murr, F. (1926)—Reconsideration of some points in the morphology of the head of Homoptera—Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., vol. 19, pp. 67-73, 7 figs. Murr, F. anp KersHaw, J. C. (1911)—On the homologies and mechanism of the mouth-parts of Hemiptera—Psyche, vol. 18, pp. 1-12, pls. 1-5. (1911a)—On the later embryological stages of the head of Pristhesancus papuensis (Reduviidae)—Psyche, vol. 18, pp. 75-79, pls. SO: (1912)—The development of the mouth parts in the Hemiptera, with observations on the embryo of Siphanta—Psyche, vol. 19, pp. 77-89, 14 figs. Runoius, H. (1911)—Der Darmkanal (der Imago und Larve) von Dytiscus marginalis ..—Zeit. wiss. Zool., vol. 98, pp. 179-287, 74 figs. Snopcrass, R. E. (1921)—The mouth parts of the cicada—Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 23, pp. 1-15, pls. 1, 2. Speyer, W. (1920)—Die Pharynxmuskulatur der Larve von Dytiscus margin- alis L.—Zool. Anz., vol. 51, pp. 243-250, 4 figs. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Symbols. A Anterior lateral head sclerite (lamina mandibularis), probably the gena. a Bridge from plate 4 to hypopharynx. Ant Antenna. AntS Antennal socket. B Posterior lateral head sclerite (lamina maxillaris). b Lower end of plate B. c Terminal lobe of plate B. Clp Postclypeus. clp Anteclypeus. d Cervical sclerite. E Compound eye. e Invaginated roof of mouth pump. Ep Epicranium. if Protractor arm of mandibular seta, detached in imago from pos- terior margin of plate 4 (figs. 4, 5, 6). ii Prolongation of mandibular protractor arm in pro-imago (fig. 6, /) to base of mandibular seta in setal sac. Fr Frons. g Articulation of protractor arm of mandibular seta in adult (fig. 5) with upper end of mandibular plate (4). h Chitinous bar in wall of setal pouch from base of maxillary seta to outer wall of pouch reflected from lower margin of maxillary plate (8). h’ Prolongation of 4 in pro-imago to base of maxillary seta in setal sac. h-N Maxillary bar 4 of nymph. Hphy Hypopharnyx. j Hypopharyngeal plate forming inner wall of setal pouch. il Maxillary ridge on hypopharyngeal plate. j Internal ridge between postclypeus (C/p) and mandibular plate (4). PROC, ENT. SOC, WASH., VOL. 29 PLATE | 16 Lb Lm Mth On Phy Pmp Pro Ret [Ret 2Ret SalD SalO Sa ik YP Set 1Set 1Set-I 1Set-N 2Set 28 et-I 2Set-N Ten ten ypeealic Fig. i) Fig. 10. Vig. 11. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 1, JAN., 1927 Labium. Labrum. Mouth. Oesophagus. Pharynx. Sucking pump of mouth. Protractor apodeme of mandibular seta. Retractor arm. Retractor arm of mandibular seta. Retractor arm of maxillary seta. Salivary duct. Salivary orifice at tip of hypopharynx. Salivary pump. Mandibular or maxillary seta. Mandibular seta. Mandibular seta of imago. Mandibular seta of nymph. Maxillary seta. Maxillary seta of imago. Maxillary seta of nymph. Posterior arm of tentorium. Anterior arm of tentorium. (Tibicina septendecim.) Lateral view of head of mature imago, showing mouth parts in normal position. . Same view of the soft head of an immature imago at time of molt, showing mouth parts artificially separated. . Head of a mature nymph. ; . The mouth region of head, and base of mandibular seta of mature nymph, showing the setal base continuous with posterior rim (f) of plate 4. . Same parts in a mature imago, showing posterior rim (f) of plate 4 separated to form protractor arm of mandible. . Corresponding parts of immature imago, showing membranization of posterior part of plate A, by which the arm (f/) becomes an inde- pendent sclerite. Imaginal mandibular seta (/Set-J) coiled in head, with tip in base of nymphal seta (/Set-NV). . The mouth pump and pharynx of mature nymph with associated parts (muscles not shown, facial and lateral plates of head, c/p, 4, mostly removed). . Mouth region of nymph, showing plates removed in Fig. 7, also bases of sete in setal pouch, but with outer wall of pouch removed. . Longitudinal section through mouth pump and hypopharynx, seen from left, with interior view of head sclerites on right (roof and dilator muscles of mouth pump not shown). Anterior end of hypopharynx (Hphy) showing median groove of its oral surface projecting beyond roof of pump (e). The imaginal maxillary seta (2Set-/) coiled in head of immature imago (containing sac not shown), and base of corresponding nymphal seta (2Set-N). PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 1, JAN., 1927 Ly A NEW SPECIES OF OEDEMATOCERA REARED FROM THE TROPICAL MIGRATORY LOCUST (DIPTERA). By J. M. Atpricu, U.S. National Museum. The following species with several others attacking the same host are discussed in their economic relations in a paper socn to appear in the Journal of Economic Entomology. Oedematocera dampfi, new species. Brownish-black, the palpi, proboscis, base of antennae, legs except tarsi and middle coxae, and large lateral abdominal spots yellow. Male.—Front at narrowest .34 and .36 the headwith in the two best speci- mens, the eyes with nearly parallel orbits in front view, hence hardly farther apart at vibrissae; in profile the front is little prominent, the face distinctly re- ceding, lower edge of head short. Parafrontal becoming silvery anteriorly, with two proclinate orbitals each side; the frontal stripe brown, about as wide before the ocelli as one parafrontal; parafacial bare, narrow, silvery, convex on front edge in profile; vibrissae at edge of mouth, facial ridges prominent and sharp, hairy one-fourth of the way to antennae; face deeply hollowed in middle; antennae large, third joint four times the second and almost reaching vibrissae; arista yellow at base, slender, not much longer than third antennal segment. Frontal bristles irregular in size, two upper reclinate, lowest at antennal inser- tion. Ocellars proclinate, divergent. Thorax yellowish pollinose with four indistinct brown stripes subshining. Chaetotaxy: acrostichal 1, 2; dorsocentral 3, 3; humeral 2; posthumeral 1; pre- sutural 1; notopleural 2; supraalar and intraalar 3 (the anterior small); postalar 2; sternopleural 2; scutellum with 3 lateral, 1 slender apical non-decussate, 1 discal far apart. Postscutellum prominent; prosternum bare. Abdomen largely yellow on sides; first and second segments with one pair marginals, second and third with one pair discals, third with row of 8 marginals. Fifth segment with discal row and a few apicals. Genitalia small. Middle tibia with one bristle on outer front side below middle; pulvilli small. Wings yellowish, especially along veins; first vein bare, third with two or three hairs at base; bend of fourth vein rounded. First posterior cell open in costa only a little before extreme tip; hind crossvein rectangular to fifth vein. Length, 5 mm. Described from 6 males. All reared from the Tropical Migratory Locust, Schistocerca paranensis Fabricius. Two, including type, were reared at Cordoba, Mexico, by Dr. Alfons Dampf, Jan. 11, 1924; two were sent by Professor A. L. Herrera, of Mexico City; and two were reared in Guatemala and sent in by Mr: J. G. Salas, Director General of Agriculture in that country. tiype-—Male, Cat. No. 40;220s02 S! IN. M. This species differs from the type species of Oedematocera, Hypostena flaveola Coquillett, in that the latter has the front narrower in male, without orbitals; the male antennae con- siderably elongated: body color yellow except part of the tho- 18 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 1, JAN., 1927 racic dorsum. Both species have in common as the chief generic characters the deeply excavated face bounded by sharp- parafacials, and the bare prosternum. I had identified dampfi as gilvipes Coquillett, until Malloch observed and called to my attention the fact that g/vipes has one pair of small prosternal bristles. In Tachinophyto floridensis the prosternum has several hairs on each side, and the same is true of Lixophaga variabilts Coquillett. Floridensis has the male front broad and with orbitals, as in dampfi, while it is narrow and has no orbitals in variabilis. In an accompanying article Mr. C. T. Greene is describing and figuring the larva and puparium. THE LARVA AND PUPARIUM OF OEDEMATOCERA DAMPFI ALDRICH (DIPTERA). By C. T. Greene, U.S. Bureau of Entomology. The following paper describes the larva and puparium of an in- teresting new parasite, which is described above by Dr. Aldrich. The material on which this description is based comes from the fol- lowing localities: Cordoba, Mexico, January 11, 1924 (Dr. Alfons Dampf); Mexico City (Prof. A. L. Herrera); La Providencia, Siquinala, Guatemala (C. M. Rouillard). Oedematocera dampfi Aldrich. Larva.—Fig. a. Large, white, nearly cylindrical, tapering very slightly at the cephalic end; posterior spiracles round and conspicuously black; eleven seg- ments in addition to the very small head, which is partly retracted; four anterior segments smooth, segmental lines feebly marked; segments five to eleven more distinctly defined; lateral fusiform areas distinct from segments four to ten; ventral fusiform areas distinct from segments four to eight and more feebly defined on segments nine to eleven; each side of the head, from in front, bears two small, chitinized, thimble-like papillae of a pale yellowish-brown color; hooklets small, black. Anterior spiracles (fig. b) small and composed of four nearly round yellowish brown, chitinized ringlets arranged in a_ slightly arcuate row. Posterior spiracles (fig. c), decidedly elevated, separated by a space equal to about one-half the width of one plate; button round, de- pressed and located in the center of the plate; numerous elongated areas with a rounded surface, radiate from the button; these surfaces increasing in width towards the outer edge of the plate; upon each surface is located the very narrow serpentine slit which is composed of numerous very small yellowish to red circlets. Spiracles located well above the horizontal axis. Anal opening small, fairly distinct and located in a depression slightly below the horizontal axis. Length, 9-11 mm.; diameter, 2.5-3 mm. Described from 15 larvae. Pupa.—Fig. d. Large, smooth, cylindrical, rounded on both ends; from a pale yellowish-red to a dark red color; ventral surface slightly flattened and the PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 1, JAN., 1927 19 dorsal surface broadly arched. Anterior spiracles small and not very con- spicuous, located just below the horizontal axis. Posterior spiracles prominent and located below but touching the horizontal axis. Length, 5—6.5 mm.; diameter, 2.25-3.5 mm. Described from 10 puparia. i AS end'view Larva fig.a Clg Oedematocera dampfi Aldrich A NEW TIPHIA FROM KOREA (HYM.). By S. A. Ronwer, Bureau of Entomology, U.S. Department of Agriculture. In describing Tiphia autumnalis (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., Vol. 26, No. 4, 1924, pp. 88-89) I stated that Mr. Clausen records the species as ovipositing on Anomala and successfully attack- ing Popillia japonica. Subsequently Mr. King has informed me that this note should not refer to the species described as autumnalis, but to another species. The last two sentences of the third paragraph on page 89, referring to autumnalis, should therefore be transferred and referred to the species herein de- scribed. The number of specimens and the other information given for autumnalis are, however, correct. Tiphia koreana, new species. Closely allied to autumnalis Rohwer but may be distinguished by having the punctures on the third, fourth and fifth tergites small, close and evenly distributed. The propodeal enclosure is about twice as long as its greatest width and truncate apically; the dorsal posterior margin of the posterior aspect of the pro- podeum three-sided; the punctures on the clypeus are smaller and the punctures on the frons are closer, usually separated by a distance equal to the width of the puncture. Female——Length, 11 mm. Anterior margin of the clypeus broadly produced 20 PROC. ENT. SOC, WASH.) VOLE22Z9, NO. 1, AN., 71927 medianly, the apical margin of this produced portion truncate; anterior dorsal margin of the pronotum bounded by a distinct, complete carina; dorsal sur- face of the pronotum with distinct, separate punctures, posterior punctures elongate; lateral aspect of the pronotum transversely rugose below, smooth and polished above except on the anterior margin where it is punctured (the ruga nearest the top is prominent and at first glance gives the impression of an oblique groove); side of the propodeum with distinct, regular longitudinal striae except at the extreme lower base; posterior aspect of propodeum granular and in addition with irregular reticulations; first tergite without a transverse groove, with large, widely scattered, distinct punctures; punctures on the second tergite smaller and very widely separated except laterally; pygidium smooth apically, minutely, closely punctured basally, intermediate surface with ir- regular wrinkles; posterior basitarsus without longitudinal groove; second inter- cubitus gently curved. Black; head, thorax, legs, and abdomen basally, ven- trally and apically with long, glistening white hairs; tergites three, four and five opaque, densely clothed with short black hairs; the base of the pygidium with a few black hairs; wings glistening, strongly smoky; venation black. Ty pe-locality.—Suigen, Korea. Described from four (one type) females collected August 10, 1924, by K. Sato, labelled as parasites of 4nomala sieversi and recorded under Clausen number 1853. Type and Paratypes.—Cat. No. 40224 U.S. N. M. The species is readily distinguished from the American forms by the dense, short, black, erect hair on the third to fifth ter- gites. . ANOTHER HOST OF PRISTOCERA ARMIFERA (SAY) (HYMEN- OPTERA: BETHYLIDAE). By Wo. P. Hayes, University of Illinois. Hyslop has recorded the rearing of Pristocera armifera (Say) froma wireworm, Limonious agonus (Say), collected near Brattle- boro, Vermont, in July, 1915. He observed that the wireworm had an hymenopterous larva firmly affixed to its ventral sur- face. The host was active although the parasite was nearly one-third as long as its host and quite stout. The wireworm was placed in a rearing cage and on the following day the para- sitic larva abandoned its host which it had reduced to a mere empty shell and attached itself to the venter of another wire- worm. Attachment was made by inserting its mouthparts in the sternum of the third abdominal segment. Further descrip- tion of both the larva and cocoon as well as some illustrations of the larva and adult are given by Hyslop. The larva began spinning its cocoon on July 29 and on August 30, thirty-three days after spinning, the adult emerged. The references to the rearing of parasitic Hymenoptera from 1Hyslop, J. A.—Pristocera armifera (Say) parasitic on Limonius agonus (Say). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., Vol. 18, pp. 169-170, 1916. 1 pl. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 1, JAN., 1927 21 Elateridae are rare and the few known cases are cited by Hyslop. Accordingly, it is of some interest to note the additional rearing of Pristocera armifera (Say) from another host in a different section of the country. While engaged in rearing wireworms at the Kansas State Agricultural Experiment Station at Man- hattan, Kansas, the writer found on August 19, 1920, a dead wireworm in the corn plots of the Department of Entomology. It bore an external larval parasite whose head was inserted with- in the host on the ventral aspect near the middle of the body. All of the body fluids in the anterior region of the wireworm had been sucked out by the larva. The host and parasite were placed in a tin salve-box and held in the rearing-cave at the laboratory. Two days later, August 21, 1920, the parasite had spun a brown silken cocoon about ten millimeters long and three millimeters wide to which was attached the empty larval skin of the wireworm. On the supposition that this was a species of Tiphia, common parasite of white grubs, it was assumed that the adult would not emerge until the following season. Accordingly, the cocoon was not examined until November 11, 1920, when it was found that the adult had emerged some time previously. The specimen reared by Hyslop from Vermont spun its cocoon July 29, and the adult emerged August 30, thirty-three days later. Assuming that to be the approximate length of the pupal stage, in Kansas, the Kansas specimen probably emerged during the last week in September. On February 21, 1921 (the following spring), in the same corn plots at a depth between six and twelve inches a similar cocoon was found from which the adult had emerged, but to which was attached, enmeshed in the silken threads, the larval exuviae of a wireworm, doubtfully referred to the genus Me/anotus. In the case of the cocoon from which the adult was reared an exuvium was also attached to the loose threads. In Forbes’ key to the genera of wireworms in his Eighteenth Report (p. 31) this larval exuvium runs clearly to Drasterius and fits well the description of Drasterius elegans (Fabr.) now known and listed in Leng’s catalogue as 4eo/us elegans (Fabr.). The adult parasite was submitted to Mr. S. A. Rohwer of the United States National Museum, who kindly identified it as Pristocera armtifera (Say) and to whom the author is indebted for the calling to his attention of the paper by Hyslop. In the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History collection at Ur- bana there are eleven specimens of Pristocera armifera (Say) bearing the following data furnished by Dr. T. H. Frison: Acc. No. 17243 Carbondale, Ill., Aug. 21, 1891, general collection; Acc. No. 17212, “Insects about pine hills” (Well’s place) Aldridge, Ill., Aug. 11, 1891; Acc. No. 7206, ‘Along road side”’ Fountain Bluff, Ill., Aug. 10, 1891; Acc. No. 10806, “In Woods,” New Harmony, Ind., Aug. 2, 1886, Forbes’ Coll.; Acc. No. 566 “Sweepings on Walker Hill A. M.”? Grand Tower, IIl., Aug. 25, 22 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 1, JAN., 1927 1889; Acc. No. 562, “Sweepings, Forest Park,” St. Louis, Mo., Aug. 20, 1889, another with no data and four unaccessioned specimens collected Sept. 10, 1895, at Algonquin, Ill. The collection by Forbes from New Harmony, Ind., in 1886 is of interest since Say in his original description of the species says “inhabits Indiana,” and in all probability New Harmony, Say’s home, is probably the type locality, thus making Forbes’ specimen a topotype. GRYLLUS DOMESTICUS LINN, AS A HOUSEHOLD PEST IN ROCHESTER, N. Y. (ORTHOPTERA: GRYLLIDAE). By J. Douctas Hoop, University of Rochester. The house cricket is not a common insect in the experience of most entomologists. Introduced into America from Europe, probably with the earliest settlers, it has established itself in various parts of the country, though modern building construc- tion leaves fewer suitable quarters than were found in the houses built during the past century. Fifty or more years ago, when our homes had more hidden crannies, Cyrus Thomas said that in southern Illinois it could ““be found around the hearth at almost any time.” But in 1910 there were in the collection’ of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History only a few Illinois specimens, from Tazewell, McLean, and Champaign, all of them from houses excepting one or two ma- cropterous individuals which had flown to electric lights. Blatchley (Orthoptera of Northeastern America, p. 708; 1920) says that the species “probably occurs sparingly in most of the States east of the Rocky Mountains,” but that until 1903 he had in his collection only three specimens, “taken from beneath rubbish in a gravel pit” in Indiana. I have no reluctance, then, in confessing that the chirp of the house cricket was to me an unknown note until December, 1919, when two or three individuals, nothing daunted by the down- stairs noises of a Chicago hotel, eluded my best efforts to effect their capture. Several years later it was a mild surprise to learn that every autumn the species is actually quite numerous in Rochester, New York, in the houses which margin an old stone quarry, now being filled with ashes and rubbish to form a city playground, on North Goodman Street. With the advent of cold weather they apparently leave the quarry—a habitat very similar to that from which Blatchley’s specimens came— and enter the neighboring houses. Invariably, in October inquiries are made by owners and tenants as to some means of combating the pest. As many as a dozen crickets have been taken in one house in a single evening. One householder stated that her cat stalked them as it would mice, and fed upon them afterwards. Another related that when she returned with a dust pan to gather up a cricket which she had killed, she found three others making a meal from their silenced Eanes. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 1, JAN., 1927 23 Those who have been annoyed by the song of this cricket in their homes would fail to appreciate the feelings of one of our well-known entomologists who once prevented me from col- lecting a cricket which was singing in his office, because he said it was his only dependable companion in the long evenings of research. Though this cricket turned out to be merely a field cricket which had wandered indoors, the occurrence shows that the real hero of Dickens’ The Cricket on the Hearth may still claim the genuine affection of even an economic entomologist. Mr. A. N. Caudell has furnished the following list of States in which the above insect has been collected, the occurrences in States with an asterisk being as yet unrecorded in print: Alabama Louisiana* New York Connecticut Maryland* North Carolina District of Columbia* Massachusetts Ohio Georgia Michigan Oklahoma I]linois Minnesota Pennsylvania Indiana Missouri Tennessee Kentucky Nebraska Texas New Jersey It has also been recorded from Canada and will undoubtedly be found in all the United States east of the Rocky Mountains. A NEW CERAMBYCID BEETLE FROM COLOMBIA AND CEN- TRAL AMERICA (COLEOPTERA). By W. S. Fisuer, U.S. Bureau of Entomology. Among some material submitted for identification by C. C. Gowdey, Government Entomologist of Jamaica, was found the new species herein described. Since there is a good series of the same species in the U. S. National Museum collection, and Mr. Gowdey is anxious to have it named, it seems advisable to describe it at the present time. Sphagoeme ochracea, new species. Female.—Elongate and strongly flattened above, and not distinctly pubescent; uniformly ochraceous above and beneath except as follows: Tips of mandibles, underside of first antennal joint, entire second and third antennal joints, tibiae, and dorsal surface of femora black; the fourth to sixth antennal joints narrowly annulated at the apex, and the outer antennal joints and tarsi more or less fuscous. Head very short and transverse in front, broadly, transversely depressed behind the epistoma, flat between the antennal tubercles, which are not elevated, and with a narrow, longitudinal groove between the tubercles, and the surface not distinctly punctured; eyes coarsely granulated, deeply emarginate, strongly convex, and separated from each other on the top by nearly two times the width of the emargination of the eyes in front. Antennae slender, and slightly longer than the body; first joint short, obconical, and vaguely arcuate; joints 24 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 1, JAN., 1927 three and four subequal in length; fifth joint slightly longer than the fourth, and the following joints gradually diminishing in length. Pronotum slightly wider than long, base and apex about equal in width, and widest near the middle; sides strongly, arcuately rounded, and vaguely, narrowly constricted near the base and apical angles; surface slightly uneven, feebly flattened on disk, and indistinctly punctured. Scutellum about as long as wide, broadly rounded behind, and the surface longitudinally concave. Elytra wider than pronotum at base, three times as long as wide, broadly rounded at humeral angles, and the sides parallel to near the apex, then ar- cuately narrowed to the tips, which are conjointly, broadly rounded; surface densely, coarsely punctate in the basal region, but the punctures becoming obsolete toward the apex, and clothed with a few erect hairs posteriorly. Body beneath smooth, shining, and not distinctly punctate; abdomen sparsely clothed with long, inconspicuous hairs, and the last segment elongate, and sub- truncate at the apex. Prosternal process narrow between the coxal cavities, and strongly declivous posteriorly. Middle tibiae angularly dilated near the apex. Length, 11 mm.; width, 2.5 mm. Male.—Differs from the female in having the antennae one-fourth longer than the body; pronotum coarsely but not deeply punctate toward the sides; prosternum coarsely, vaguely punctate, and more or less rugose, and the last abdominal segment transverse. Ty pe locality —Cano Saddle, Gatun Lake, Canal Zone. Other localities La Chorrera, Panama; Corazal, Paraiso, and Tabernilla, Canal Zone; Sevilla, Colombia. Type, allotype, and paratypes.—Cat. No. 40204, United States National Museum. Paratype.—Collection of C. C. Gowdey. Described from 15 specimens, 10 males and 5 females (one type), as follows: five examples collected at La Chorrera, Panama, May 10-14, 1912; one at Paraiso, Canal Zone, April 24, 1911, one at Tabernilla, Canal Zone, May, 1907, and two at Corazal, Canal Zone, April 27, 1911, all collected by August Busck; five examples from Cano Saddle, Gatun Lake, Canal Zone, May 8-14, 1923, collected by R. C. Shannon; and one example collected at Sevilla, Colombia, May 5, 1926, by C. C. Gowdey. This species is closely allied to Sphagoeme aurtvilii Gounelle, but in that species the upper surface is finely pubescent, the an- tennae mostly black, the scutellum black, and the pronotum more or less ornamented with black or fuscous markings. The species is more or less variable, and the length varies from 7.5 to 11 millimeters in the examples examined. In some of these examples the pronotum is slightly darker than the elytra, the sides of the pronotum are more angularly expanded, and the tibiae and tarsi are more or less ochraceous. In a few of the examples each elytron is ornamented with a narrow fuscous vitta extending from the humeral angle to the apical third, and parallel to the lateral margin, and also with a small transverse spot of the same color near the apex. Actual date of publication, February 23, 1927. NOTES AND NEWS ITEMS. Existe-t-il plusieurs races de Reticulitermes lucifugus Rossi? ) obeytaud,.t925-- Kev. Zool. Agricole, No. 8, pp: 16I—9, illust. 4, August. This is one of a series of articles by French, Italian and Ameri- can writers on the appearance of races of subspecies in the ter- mite genus Reticulitermes. Feytaud states that many new species as well as new varieties or races of Reticulitermes have recently been described in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere. The question of biological races in which differentiate young of individuals apparently typical but with special habits, has already been considered, especially among the RhAynchotes Homopteres. Marchal’s work on Chermes and Borner on Phylloxéras are referred to as analogous. In America, Banks and Snyder have described a large number of species, varieties and subspecies of Reticulitermes, among these, some of which are unquestionably valid, there are others which are closely related to one or the other of the more dis- tinct species and it seems questionable whether they are not simple varieties of or identical with such species. It is not remarkable that some of these species have been con- fused with the European /ucifugus Rossi. It has been believed that only Calotermes flavicollis Fabr. and Reticulitermes lucifugus Rossi occurred in Europe, and the name R. flavipes has become purely historical. R. /ucifugus is considered as being distributed over a large part of the Mediter- ranean periphery. Recently Feytaud has proved indisputably that, in addition to biological differences, the species of Reticu/i- termes (flavipes Kollar) of LaRochelle, Rochefort, Saintonge, etc., is not the same morphologically as that occurring at Bor- deaux and the Landes. Feytaud concludes that there are at least two species of Reticulitermes in France, R. flavipes Kollar and R. lucifugus Rossi. In the flavipes of France there are certain characters that vary from the typical, and in /ucifugus of France there are im- portant biological differences between the /ucifugus of Italy. Hence the question of biological races. Similar subspecies have been found in North America. Feytaud believes that these. races and biological differences are due to differences in locality or environment. Further studies will be made in both Europe and the United States. Thomas E. Snyder. i =e as hee PY | \ ak tat ue < Bor ‘ . i TS a ase | Ff} ef ore ‘ . : é fe 3 bo) } at “or hateae , es) ony tog AK es | a 1 ne aa ¥ bay hy Be! ras : nt SePieet Ss ef vy oH Pole te * ’ wstet opt reel bee Ny 5 Bah Al ALA miyy } rites + 5 MALES LO a\\ OOO Pies Wor AT hse hd * wefi! ut Kn” ifs 4 ges e>. C117 * Gs) ah ' pore: Lear eure pyar ; P ap ae. jit rp: Dy ve cv EY ty + re rir wins iT. RW ue) aaTOW, *. 7 a ' ; ree egal’ i 2 oe atl tt ebtters, I Tat ree € ‘i Ye ' a ' ‘ PAs et ee i ‘ vie ores a oe 1 SSR fe) mceeieal P| gre uae viliact ares taal {3 oid ada of Wend 20 dai et AGG ORK. + ont SE peer ; wc ph: ay Sve) x Pha, mre AHaioly CATR 0g Loa wiiteib acind Pie Ears %”) WE , ee eva, heels pre aie oA AP dat 434 eae i, “de a 1a 3 3 Dp it had a athe “bal a gene A yet nae? Me ENR cielo: Mio, ta Ff OO nro alten | Tire sake ative 4 hig j of open a Peek pererhy weil tte ies \) Coe wa - . J i ; = i ¢ 1 ' ’ cheer). = 1 pen Bs ph ity te seit + ert ay . MD ETC) 5 IO Au is apie MEAs alesis ‘tbr: +e . is “pr Sen. Nevo bine fers ete TL ee v¥* TE i a) j , vy fare pete GH 7 ads | ali ‘It; Es oe f | Wated ii pia { ede j i rirhi Pee) ) ; ie) Eatery apis? We, eo th. Fae eh payee q “ise al ay ae tr brs. tose anh: Te) fO-69L) ss re iy 1, go ie ‘fea jadh Byiagified 2 ae a Noe Loh at. A RY ty tiny Ae Wh ASI _ edi , one rf Vasiyotoil Got! the ; lg sta shoreesisy 2a , 12s Dit lske Ja et ait ree eabarla re a — + Pat ne IF BY ec gibi ee bi VOL. 29 FEBRUARY, 1927 No. 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON es Qu wsunini Nitin ) 4 BUCHANAN, L. L.—A REVIEW OF PANSCOPUS (COLEOPTERA: OTIOR- ELVEN ELUATE: JOM 4.3.70, ¥-c" eae?) cee ep EN Lg 25 4 COCKERELL, THEO. D. A.—A NEW SUB-SPECIES OF PAPILIO PAEON " (SEPIDS) Sa) 3, heared! 9 (Fe Pes ha her io g 48 JOHNSON, C. W.—SOME REMARKS ON QUESTIONABLE TYPES .... . 45 RICHMOND, E. AVERY—OLFACTORY RESPONSE OF THE JAPANESE BEER (POPKEELAsWAPONIGA)) § 5) 02. 4 Sia neeiieamee ymin ee, eater 36 SHANNON, RAYMOND C.—ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE OCCIPUT OFBTHE MDIPTERA, tec. Sah) We) GT PIs 5 RE, Ie Sc es 47 PusiisHeD Montuiy Except Juty, Aucust anpD SEPTEMBER BY THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON, D. C. Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D. C., under Act of August 24, 1912. Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized July 3, 1918. THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON OrcanizeD Marcu 12, 1884. The regular meetings of the Society are held in the National Museum on the first Thursday of each month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 Pp. M. Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00. Members are entitled to the ProcrEDINGs and any manuscript submitted by them is given precedence over any submitted by non-members. OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1927. Elonoranyebresidente fo.) 2 2 © 4 2 6 8 ee ee oe Ae CHINA, JEAGHGLIA. SiDaeE | GIT Ee a aCe eee ee eee et ga No vay elyCSILONE JERE NAGI ARCSGE = Bol ea eC a geon oe Oa 6 Bo 5 0 do Bo Gila SCGOPAIUACEIATESIGCHE Mis 4 5 @ jee a) eee 2) eee Cb ieriie IRARUCUES MACKHID) > 6 6 6 eo ele polo @ a'o a ooo co o o fo Se WADE CorrespondingSecrelary-IVreasuren a) =. = = = 4) 2 @ ete as ROWER U.S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. IOC cao 2S Se a See Waa WAITER OIN Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Executive Committee: THe Orricers and C. T, Greene, A. N. Caupbe_t, T. E. SNYDER. Representing the Society as a Vice-President of the Washington Academy of ELC) Wisete orci t son PS) isn So Bay US. taka eee eee eee A. G. BOVING PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON. Published monthly, except July, August and September, by the Society at Washington, D. C. Terms of subscription: Domestic, $4.00 per annum; foreign, $4.25 per annum; recent single numbers, 50 cents, foreign postage extra. All subscriptions are payable in advance. Remittances should be made payable to the Entomological Society of Washington. An author of a leading article in the PRoceEp1nGs will be given 10 copies of the number in which his article appears. Reprints without covers will be fur- nished at the following rates, provided a statement of the number desired accompanies the manuscript: 4 pp. 8 pp. 12 pp. 16 pp. 50 copies 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 100 copies 2.25 4.50 6.75 9.00 Certain charges are made for illustrations and there are available rules and suggestions governing the make-up of articles. Immediate publication in any number may be obtained at the author’s expense. All manuscripts should be sent to the Editor. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON WOE. 29 FEBRUARY 1927 No. 2 A REVIEW OF PANSCOPUS (COLEOPTERA: OTIORHYNCHIDAE),. By L. L. Bucuanan. Ground inhabiting weevils of various kinds form an impor- tant item in the diet of North American toads, an incidental fact brought to light during an extensive series of toad stomach examinations recently completed in the laboratory of the Bio- logical Survey by Remington Kellogg. Among a number of rare or otherwise interesting beetles found in the stomachs were some nearly perfect specimens of the Otiorhynchid genus Panscopus, including examples of several undescribed species. The description of these, and of two additional new forms from the National Museum collections, together with a rearrange- ment of the entire genus, are the main points covered in the present paper. Types of the new species, all but one of which belong to Casey’s subgenus Nomidus, are deposited in the National Museum. The genus Panscopus, as limited here, is composite, including a number of species-groups which would be considered of gen- eric rank if the feeble characters which are supposed to dis- tinguish certain of the related Otiorhynchid genera, are taken as standards. For the present, however, all the species can be kept in a single group or genus whose principal characters will be: Each serial puncture of elytra closed by a large, rounded, striate scale; ocular lobes well developed; metepisternal suture fused for the greater part of its length (except in Pseudopan- scopus); scrobes lateral and directed toward lower part of eyes, the latter broadly acuminate below and not prominent; sub- erect vestiture consisting of setae or slender scales; femora un- armed, tarsi dilated, claws free. Any North American Otio- rhynchid (north of Mexico) possessing the first and second of the characters enumerated can be placed with certainty in the present genus.? Some general features which will not be repeated are: body densely scaly; vertex of head without suberect vestiture; pro- thorax more or less constricted apically; tibiae mucronate, hind The scrobes are of the lateral type even though their apical portion, situated on the dilated alae, may be rather broadly visible from above. *An apparent exception to this statement, 4gasphaerops nigra of the Blosyrini, can be separated at once from anyespecies of Panscopus by its visible metepis- ternal suture, sulcate beak, and small but protuberant eyes. 26 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 2, FEB., 1927 pair more feebly so, and with the fore and middle pair, at least, denticulate; first abdominal suture arcuate at middle. External sexual differences are not remarkable. The 9@ is larger and stouter, with the elytral declivity less oblique and more nearly vertical in profile; the < with basal segments of abdomen concave, the 5th ventral longer, more broadly rounded and sometimes medially impressed, the mucro of hind tibiae longer, and the elytral costae, when present, generally more sharply elevated. In the «@ of at least 2 groups—Nocheles and Panscopus maculosus—the circlet of spinules on hind tibiae is more broadly interrupted opposite the articular cavity (corbels open). One feature, though not confined to Panscopus among Otiorhynchids, perhaps deserves special mention. When both sexes of a species are present, the beak of the ¢ is observed to be somewhat longer and more slender than in the 9, the reverse of this condition, though generally to a more pronounced degree, being the well-known rule among the longer beaked Curculionids. In the latter group the sexual dimorphism of the rostrum in many cases is known to be connected with _bio- logical needs, but in the present instance it seems more likely to be a mere corollary of the general elongation of the body and appendages in the male sex. For convenience, one term—“‘reclinate’”? —is used in the keys to cover the slightly different degrees of inclination of those slender, spatulate elytral scales which rise above the dense general surface coating of flat, subcircular scales. As a rule, this reclinate vestiture is about twice as abundant on the ele- vated, or costate, as on the flat intervals, the discrepancy being most marked in species having the costae best developed. Most of the other key characters are explained by diagrammatic sketches. Excluding Panscopus sulcirostris Pierce, which is a synonym of Agasphaerops nigra Horn, the remaining 18 species are 1The metepisternal suture in gra is distinctly impressed, and exposed; it was thought to be, and described as, covered by the elytra in sudcirostris, and no doubt it was this misconception which led Dr. Pierce to assign his species to Panscopus. The underside of the type specimen of sucirostris is so displaced by the pin that the relationships of the sternal side pieces appear to be as de- scribed; actually, however, the metepisternum is not covered by the elytra (and this was proved by manipulating a relaxed individual), nor is it fused with the sternum, its suture, consequently, being visible. The descriptions of nigra and sulcirostris disagree in a few minor points also, but an examination of the Horn lectotype at Philadelphia shows that the two are identical. In all, 4 specimens of Agasphaerops nigra have been seen,—the Horn example at Philadelphia, the Pierce type of sulcirostris in the National Museum, and two specimens in the Biological Survey collection (Lake Cushman, Washington, toad stomach 2201, and Columbia National Forest, Washington). Professor Wickham (Can. Ent., 52, 1920, p. 134) records it, under the name su/cirostris, from Vancouver Island, where both larvae and adults were found attacking Lilium pardalinum. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 2, FEB., 1927 27 divisible:into 7 groups or subgenera as follows: A. i) Dak Sas 4a. a ey Metepisternal suture clearly defined for the greater part of its length, i. e., neither fused with metasternum nor covered by elytra (fig. 10); scrobes more broadly visible from above than usual; beak lightly, prothorax strongly, channeled along middle above; only the alternate elytral inter- Walsaulthus toutsuberectiscalesess sees en ease EAL eek ee 18. Metepisternum largely fused, its suture either completely obliterated, or defined for a short distance only near hind coxae (fig. 14); beak not chan- neled, except in pallidus in which species all the elytral intervals have Slennemicalitzatteseales este a tee ee renee, FS nto ie Both prothorax and elytra with conspicuous polished tubercles; beak carinate and longer than usual, the alae suddenly dilated; scape setose only, reaching a little past middle of eye; outer funicular segments elon- gate; scales pearly or greenish. Washington and Oregon. GROUP I. PHY MATINUS Lec. Includes only 1 species, gemmatus Lec. -pbrothorax often; elytra never, tuberculates.9.2 0 Ask we Basal margin of elytra more or less thickened and laterally protuberant, causing a sinuation of sides of elytra just behind the humeri (fig. 2); men- tum with a setigerous puncture each side of middle near apex; 2d ventral segment of 2 impressed across middle of basal half; beak broad, and separated from head by a strong depression; scape densely scaly, reach- ing at least to middle of eye. Eastern U. S. GROUP II—PANSCOPUS Scheniterm= species s 4 sand 4am nk see oe ae erie ed hier 8). Base of elytra not thickened or raised, sides behind humeri never sinuate; mentum without a pair of setigerous punctures near apex; 2d ventral of 2 almost always flat across middle, sometimes declivous forward, but not distinctly impressed. Western U.S. (except maculosus)...- 5). All dorsal intervals of elytra setose, more closely so on the alternate ones which are, as a rule, not so distinctly elevated; scape reaching half way across eye; 7th funicular segment as long as broad; beak shorter, its basal depression and median carina stronger; length, 7 mm., width, 314 mm. Northeastern U.S. and south to D.C. Only 9 @ seen. erinaceus Say (carinatus Pierce). Alternate intervals more strongly elevated, setose, the others flat and without setae; scape reaching well past middle of eye; 7th funicular seg- mentlonger thanjbroad. Southeastern U. Si. 92 ae 4. Scape reaching posterior eye margin; body larger and stouter; declivity of 9 less reflexed in profile; length, 9 mm., width, 42/3 mm. Va.3 2 Q___ impressus Pierce. Scape reaching 2/3 way across eye; body smaller and narrower; length and width, 7 and 314 mm. respectively. N.C... alternatus Schaeffer. Scape thinly setose, not squamose, and reaching, or nearly so, upper pos- terior eye margin; mentum highly polished, not or indistinctly sculptured 6. . Scape squamose, generally densely so, reaching only a little way past anterior eye margin; mentum dull, alutaceous or granulose; outer funicu- lanisesimentsitransverse. | Western Snes emenes ee meee 9) 28 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 2, FEB., 1927 6. Abdomen with 5 segments in both sexes; scape slender, clubbed apically, and not quite attaining rear of eye; outer funicular segments elongate; de- pression between head and beak strong; metepisterna! suture obliterated; elytral intervals even, slightly convex, each with a single row of rather long, inclined setae. GROUP I1—Includes only Panscopus maculosus Blatchley.1 Ky., Ohio, Mo. (U. S. N. M.); Ill. (Biol. Survey); Ind., N. Y. (Blatchley). 6a. Abdomen of 9 with 4 segments (fig. 15); scape gradually stouter to apex and reaching posterior eye margin; outer funicular segments transverse; depression between head and beak feeble; metepisternal suture briefly visible opposite rear coxae; alae suddenly dilated. Pacific Coast. GROUP IV—NOCHELES Leconte (Panscopidius Pierce)!; species 7, SPE lie 2 ee rp laa Se en ee Ec een cceeetiscec nn Ie 7. Alternaterelytral intervals elevated == ee torpidus Leconte. Fa, Allitheintervals even..2.. 200 2 eee 8. Se MViestiturerdemse ees: seles een ere ene oer squamosus Pierce. Sas Viestiture isparse cscs eee te eee rere eee ee eee errr dentipes Pierce. 9. Intervals even in topography, either flat or feebly convex, each with a single or partly double row of rather long, inclined, bristling setae; inner edge of hind tibiae with some coarse setae or spines in addition to the usual hairs; depression between head and beak moderate. GROUP V. NEOPANSCOPUS Pierce; species 10 and 104___.....----.------2---22--22-22ceeeeeeeeee 10. 9a. Alternate intervals elevated, generally quite conspicuously so, and with twice as many reclinate scales—not setae—as the flat intervals; color brown except in pallidus. GROUP VI—NOMIDUS Casey; species 11 CO) A B60 ae Ea SEE Boe eer eer ai Vile 10. Susface of elytra at famed with a small swelling or umbone (between origins of 6th and 9th striae), the sides from here shortly and abruptly convergent to base; piothorat more or less rugose, some of the polished tubercles almost always showing through the vestiture, and with a variable, but always discernible, median channel on dorsum; color pale; beak, antennae, tarsi, and prothorax more slender. Pacific Coast, Ne- vada, Montana, North Dakota, Alberta... cequalis Horn (vestitus Casey) - 10a. Elytra not umbonate at humeri, the sides evenly rounded to base; prono- tum even, densely covered with flat, mostly non-striate scales, and with a narrow median line devoid of setae but not impressed; no tubercles visible through the vestiture; color brown, with some whitish mottlings 1Strictly, this species does not belong to any of the named subgenera; its characters, most of which are of a negative nature, seem to place it near Pan- scopus, sens. str., and Nocheles. I leave it as an aberrant member of the former group. 24 9 Panscopidius dentipes Pierce from the type locality (in collection Biol. Survey) has the remarkable 4-segmented abdomen characteristic of Nocheles, and as there are no other differences of importance between Panscopidius and Nocheles, the former must be sunk. The usual number of sutures are present on the inner abdominal surface of the 9 dentipes mentioned above; externally, the 4th suture is obliterated, thus bringing about the 4-segmented appearance. ile Milas 12s ae iS} iar 14. 14a. Sas 16. 16a. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL, 29, NO. 2, FEB., 1927 29 which are more evident on flanks of prothorax, and on sides and declivity of elytra; beak shorter, nearly as thick at base as at apex. Placer Co., Caliti@ nliva them Qmtyperscene se ee Squamifrons Pierce. Hind tibia bent backward so that its inner edge is longitudinally convex (fig. 5), this edge with some coarse brown or black spines in addition to the usual hairs; beak feebly convex above, not or very finely carinate, its basalidepresstonmevcr stron Cues s ee mariner ee eee 2" Hind tibia nearly straight, its inner edge much less convex and with fine hairs only (fig. 6); beak relatively stouter, flat or somewhat concave, dis- tinctly carinate (except occasionally in pallidus), and with its basal de- PTESSIOMESELO 10g Clute ae ee ee ALU en gi ee Fee ok ad Se Metepisternal suture obliterated; alternate (i. e., odd) elytral intervals elevated, and only these with any reclinate vestiture; outer funicular segments about as long as broad; serial punctures of elytra small, sepa- rated by about twice their own diameter; reclinate elytral scales short, closely appressed, inconspicuous, and arranged in a double row; declivity in profile (2) slightly relexed; length, 744 to 8mm. _ Calif. and Wash..... abruptus Casey. Metepisternal suture briefly visible opposite rear coxae; all dorsal inter- vals with a few, at least, of the reclinate scales... 20-0220 --0-ceocsceeteoeee 13. Alternate intervals rather strongly elevated and with a dense triple row of the inclined squamae, the flat intervals with sparse, irregularly placed squamae; serial punctures larger and closer; a very fine carina generally visible on rostrum; outer funicular segments over 4 wider than long........ Schwarzi n. sp. Alternate intervals at most feebly elevated, their reclinate scales in a double row, those of the even intervals in a nearly regular single row; outer funicular segments less transverse... 22 -2---eeceaeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeen eee 14. First segment of funicle subequal to 2d; mentum granulose and with a feeble median longitudinal carina in apical half; alternate intervals more or less elevated in entire length; prothorax shorter, with rugosities and median Ghianhel) deep me as 2 eee it ee ek ee rugicollis n. sp. First funicular segment % longer than 2d; mentum without median carina; alternate intervals not elevated except very feebly so near base and apex; prothorax longer, its upper surface more even; color paler, es- peciallliyci bie loth Ls Aes Bea hh eR ee et wh eg ae bufo n. sp. Alternate intervals elevated, only these with reclinate scales, even inter- vals flat; 7th funicular segment at least twice as broad as long; rostrum tricarinate, median one strong, lateral ones feeble... A All the intervals with reclinate scales; outer funicular segments ies trans- verse, the 7th subtriangular in shape and but little broader than long _..16. Color pale; lateral carinae of beak indistinct or absent; scape reaching 4 way across eye; prothorax widest before middle, its median channel broad and deep; alternate intervals generally quite strongly elevated_...... pallidus n. sp. Color brown; beak tricarinate: scape barely passing anterior eye margin; prothorax widest at middle, the sides evenly rounded; alternate intervals Broadly and feebly elevated: ee See tricarinatus n. sp. 30 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 2, FEB., 1927 — ~ Color very dark brown, nearly black; prothoracic rugosities and median channel deep. Alberta. Only the 9 type seen... ovalis Pierce. Alternate intervals elevated; tarsi and claws unusually small; color dark brown. GROUP VII—PSEUDOPANSCOPUS n. subgen. — loo) Panscopus (Nomidus) schwarzi, new species. Length, 51% to6% mm. _ Brown, more or less mottled with paler. Rostrum with traces of a very fine median carina visible through the vestiture. 7th funicular segment 1% times as broad as long. Pronotum feebly rugose and with a broad, rather shallow, median channel interruped at middle. Elytral punctures separated by their own diameter, a little more or less. Beak as long as prothorax, stout; alae strongly dilated; a very small puncti- form to elongate fovea between the eyes, this sometimes obsolete. Nasal plate not punctured, subtriangular, sides curved, apex briefly produced backward on beak, the usual row of stiff hairs extending out over its elevated rim. Surface behind nasal plate transverse!y, arcuately impressed as usual, sparsely scaly and reticulately sculptured. Reclinate scales on beak numerous, brown and pale, longer and denser in a patch above eyes. Scrobes moderately .arcuate in apical half, nearly straight posteriorly, practically evanescent half way along beak, but continued to eye as a barely perceptible, scale filled depression. Scape nearly straight, stout, gradually clavate, with dense scales and appressed setae; funicle longer than scape, stout, Ist and 2d segments elongate, subequal, outer segments progressively more transverse, the 7th 1% times as broad as long; club moderate, shorter than Ist + 2d segments of funicle, equal to 5th + 6th + 7th. Prothorax wider than long (1.9 mm. to 1.6 mm.), (2.6 mm. to 2.3 mm. in abruptus), slightly constricted at apex, sides evenly rounded in 9 more nearly straight and more or less subangulate before middle in o’, apex truncate and with a small emargination at middle, base broadly rounded, not thickened or prominent laterally, summits of some of the polished-black, punc- tate tubercles generally showing through the vestiture on dorsum; ocular lobes broad and rather strong. Elytra wider than prothorax (2.8 mm. to 1.9 mm.), humeri broadly, evenly rounded, sides straight and slightly converging to near apex; scutellum not entering wedge; sutural, 3d, 5th, and basal half of 7th in- tervals elevated, and each with an irregular double, partly triple, row of narrow reclinate scales similar to those on prothorax: flat intervals with a few reclinate scales irregularly disposed, but generally more evident near base. Tarsi well dilated, Ist segment of hind pair longer than 2d + 3d, 4th =1st; claws moderate. Abdominal segment 2 nearly as long as 3d + 4th, 5th of 9 flattened across apex. Seven specimens, 4 @ 9 and3 &#@o&. Type,a 9, 6% mm. long, dated “6.29.” “Collection Hubbard and Schwarz.” Type locality —Alta, Utah. Type.—Cat. No. 28,914 U.S. N. M. The @ is smaller and narrower, with the alternate intervals more strongly elevated and the ventral segments flatter. Differs from aéruptus in the much wider funicular segments, PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 2, FEB., 1927 3] feebler prothoracic rugosities, less curved hind tibiae, much larger and closer strial punctures, longer reclinate scales, etc. The smaller size, longer and more numerous reclinate scales, feebler prothoracic rugosities, etc., seem to clearly separate it from rugicollis. Panscopus (Nomidus) rugicollis, new species. Length, 7 mm. Dark brown with a slight coppery luster. Pronotum with narrow, rather deep median channel and deep rugosities. Strial punctures more widely spaced than in schwarzi, but closer than in abruptus, their scales con- spicuously paler than the ground color. Beak longer than prothorax (1.9 mm. to 1.7 mm.), upper surface with very feeble lateral sulci, a minute fovea between eyes. Nasal plate punctured. Prothorax transverse (2.2 mm. to 1.7 mm.), sides broadly, evenly rounded, basal margin slightly prominent. Some paler mottlings irregularly distributed on body above and below, and a lateral white line in basal half of prothorax. Type locality —Mt. Adams, Washington, 6,000’ Jul. 3, ’25. M. C. Lane, collector. 1 9 (typ e). Type.—Cat. Now23015- Ut s- N. M. Panscopus (Nomidus) bufo, new species. Length, 7 mm. Pale brown, with white mottlings along sides of prothorax and elytra, on declivity, and on under surface of beak and legs. Ventral sur- face, except prothoracic flanks, uniformly pale or nearly white. Compared to rugicollis this species has the beak similar, but with feebler basal depression, the prothorax more elongate, its sides more feebly rounded, and its dorsum with the median channel and lateral rugosities shallower. Elytra with the sutural and alternate intervals not elevated except at base and declivity, the re- clinate scales a little longer and narrower than in rugicollis. Outer funicular segments moniliform and transverse. Abdomen narrower than in any of the other species, the 5th ventral, 9, with a small median impression in apical half. Legs longer and more slender than usual, hind tibiae distinctly bent backward. Type locality—Round Valley, Inyo Co., Calif. The single Q type was taken from the stomach of Bufo halophilus, Biol. Survey No. 711. Type.—Cat. No. 28,916 U. S. N. M. Salient features. —Very feeble elytral costae, comparatively smooth pronotum, pale brown color. Panscopus (Nomidus) pallidus, new species. Length, 51% to 6% mm. Cinereous, more or less mottled with brown, thus resembling aequalis in color. Beak a little longer than prothorax, broader, flatter, and more distinctly set off from head than in the preceding 3 species. Upper surface of beak more or less impressed, and generally with a fine but 32 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL: 29, NO. 2, FEB., 1927 distinct median carina. Pronotum with deep rugosities and a broad, deep, median channel interrupted at middle. Strial punctures rather closer than ordinary, some of them being separated by less than their own diameter. Beak with its upper surface ranging from slightly to broadly and moderately deeply depressed along middle, more deeply so in apical half, and with feeble lateral carinae sometimes showing through the vestiture; alae strongly dilated. Scape stout, funicle distinctly longer than scape, the Ist and 2d segments longer and subequal (or 2d slightly the longer), 3d to 6th monilitorm, 7th subtriangular, abruptly longer and wider than 6th, club short and stout; scrobes nearly evanes- cent about middle of beak, but continued on to eye as a shallow, sparsely scaly sulcus, this posterior prolongation of scrobe more distinct than in any of the preceding species. Prothorax transverse (9 to 7, about), sides moderately rounded, 9, or nearly straight, o’, rather strongly diverging from base and apex to widest point before middle, apex truncate, usually distinctly con- stricted, base broadly rounded, not thickened or prominent; median channel stronger in apical half; prothoracic rugosities deep, but less coarse and more regular than in rugicollis, a few of the punctured tubercles often showing through the vestiture, the scales round and distinctly striate; reclinate scales pale; ocular lobes strong. Alternate elytral intervals generally conspicuously elevated, these with a double, or partly triple, row of slender recumbent squamae, even intervals with a single row of squamae which are more widely spaced, being separated by their own length or more. Abdomen broader, and tarsi a little shorter, than usual. Salient characters—Regularity of recumbent scales on even intervals; close-set strial punctures; broad, sulcate beak; pale color. Thirty-six specimens, «1 & and 9 9, studied. Type,a 9, 614 mm. long, labeled “Kalso, B. C., 23.6, R. C. Currie, coll.” Type locality —Kalso, B. C. Other localities —Ainsworth, B. C.; Big Fork, Montana; Clark’s Fork, Idaho (Bufo boreas, Biol. Survey, No. 516). Type.—Cat. No. 28,913 U.S. N. M. The variations noted affect these parts: Rostrum, in the strength of its median carina, which in rare cases may not be discernible through the scales, and in the occasional presence of feeble lateral carinae; pronotal channel, which is generally deep, but in a few cases obsolete in basal half; elytral costae, which are very feeble in 1 or 2 of the @ @ seen. The brown mottlings also vary, but as a rule are more evident on sides and declivity of elytra. This species appears to be common, and probably will be found in collections mixed with Neopanscopus aequalis. Panscopus (Nomidus) tricarinatus, new species. Length, 514 mm. (@ type). Brown with some white mottlings along sides of prothorax and elytra, spots at base of beak, and on under surface of head and femora. Beak almost as long as prothorax, tricarinate and quadrisulcate above, PROC. ENT. SOC, WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 2, FEB., 1927 33 median carina rather coarse, the outer pair of sulci and carinae feeble. Scrobes feebly arcuate, and extended on to eye as a scale-filled silcus which is better marked even than in pallidus. Reclinate scales on beak rather sparse, denser in patch above eye; scape thick and heavy, just reaching front eye margin; funicle longer than scape, first and 2d funicular segments equal, 4th to 6th moniliform and transverse, 7th considerably larger and more subtriangular in shape. Prothorax more elongate than in pallidus, sides evenly rounded, dorsal median channel narrow and feeble, interrupted at middle, the rugosities evident but not coarse or deep, a few points of the shiny black surface chitin showing through; eyes rather small; ocular lobes strong. Elytra elongate, odd intervals broadly and feebly elevated, and a little wider than the even, former with double, latter with single, irregular row of slender appressed scales; serial punctures larger and more superficial than usual, and lacking the clean-cut appearance. Hind tibiae feebly dilated apically; anterior femora stouter, posterior longer. The concavity at base of abdomen (c) is deep on first segment and extends on to anterior half of 2d also; in o pallidus this concavity is shallower, and confined to the 1st abdominal segment. Only the o type seen. Type locality—Hood River Rapids, Parkdale, Oregon; July 3051921. M:. Cy Lane,,coll: Type.—Cat. No. 28,912 U.S. N. M. Salient features. —Tricarinate beak; feeble elytral costae; shallow strial punctures. The rostral carinae are about as coarse as in ovalis Pierce. PSEUDOPANSCOPUS, new subgenus. Body robust. Beak stout, basal depression strong, alae feebly and gradually dilated; nasal plate narrowly triangular, distinct; eyes nearly flat; scrobes pinch- ing in upper surface of beak before middle; scape reaching to middle of eye; ocular lobes broad, rather feeble. Scutellum invisible. Legs moderate; tibiae nearly straight, only slightly dilated at apex, mucronate, the hind pair minutely so and with the circlet of spinules broadly interrupted opposite articular cavity; articular surface small; claws smaller than usual. Metasternum short, epister- num narrow, mesepisternum not in contact with elytra; first abdominal suture broadly angulate. Genoty pe-—Panscopus (Pseudopanscopus) costatus. Panscopus (Pseudopanscopus) costatus, new species. Length of the single 9 type, 7 mm. Color brown with an obscure coppery tinge. Suberect scales stout. Beak as long as prothorax, width at apex to width at base, 4 to 3.5. (Average in Nomidus is 4to3.) Beak in profile rather strongly arched above and below, thickest point a little in front of middle, feebly channeled along middle above. Nasal plate dull, not punctured. Scrobes arcuate (about as in a/ternatus), practically evanescent at basal 1/3 of beak, apical half more broadly exposed from above than in any other species, dis- tinctly converging from near tip to point of flexure, which is before middle, thus constricting upper surface of beak, which is here just % its width at apex; 34 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 2, FEB., 1927 . scape straight, gradually thickened apically, densely scaly, funicle a little longer than scape, Ist and 2d segments longer, Ist longer than 2d, 3d to 7th transverse and unusually uniform in size; club elongate-oval, shorter than Ist + 2d funicular segments, nearly as long as Sth + 6th + 7th. Beak witha few suberect scales, head without any except a conspicuous tuft of longer ones above eye. Prothorax transverse (2.25 mm. to 1.87 mm.), sides feebly rounded, widest a little before middle, apex with a slight constriction and nearly squarely truncate, base rounded; antero-ventral margin between ocular lobes conspicu- ously thickened or “rolled”’; pronotum with a broad, moderately deep median channel a little narrower in basal half, surface coarsely rugose, the stout sub- erect scales attached at the summits of the elevations. Elytra more than.1/3 wider than prothorax (3.59 mm. to 2.28 mm.), sides from behind humeri nearly straight and converging to near apex; base deeply emarginate. Sutural, 3d, 5th, and basal part of 7th intervals elevated and with an irregular double row of stout, erect, pale and dark scales, the other intervals flat and without erect vestiture, declivity in profile reflexed; strial punctures small, separated by 2 to 3 times their diameter. Scales of under surface dense and larger than above. Abdomen shorter than usual, 2d segment a little shorter, 5th longer, than 3d + 4th, the Sth feebly convex. Legs rather short; articular surface small, nearly as broad as long, the articular cavity taking up % to 14 its length; tarsi short, well dilated, 2d segment almost as broad as Ist or 3d. Distinguished by the constricted upper surface of beak, very stout erect scales, more strongly convergent sides of elytra, feebly dilated tibiae and small claws. The scaly covering 1s denser, and the erect scales stouter, than in any other species. Superficially resembles ovalis Pierce. Type locality —Chilliwack, B. C. A single 9 from stomach of Bufo boreas, Biol. Survey No. 461. Type.—Cat. No. 28,917 U.S. N. M. LIST OF SUBGENERA AND SPECIES OF PANSCOPUS SCHONHERR. Phymatinus Leconte Neopanscopus Pierce gemmatus Leconte aequalis Horn Panscopus Sch6nherr (sens. str.) (syn. vestitus Casey) erinaceus Say squamifrons Pierce (syn. carinatus Pierce) Nomidus Casey impressus Pierce abruptus Casey alternatus Schaeffer Schwarzi n. sp. maculosus Blatchley (?) rugicollis n. sp. Nocheles Leconte bufo n. sp. (syn. Panscopidius Pierce) pallidus n. sp. torpidus Leconte tricarinatus n. sp. squamosus Pierce’ ovalis Pierce dentipes Pierce Pseudopanscopus n. subgen. costatus n. sp. PLATE 2 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29 ae mentum of erinaceus erinaceus erinaceus costatus Gemmatus Costatus rogicollis 16 9 13 torpidus ml Pe Pallides ee . x eri — IQCEUS 17 SN SSNS AN Pvlides Cy 36 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 2, FEB., 1927 EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1. Panscopus erinaceus. Fig. 2. Dorsal view of erinaceus, showing sinuation of sides of elytra behind humeri. Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6. Hind tibia, 9, of Panscopus erinaceus, Neopanscopus aequalis, Nomidus abruptus, and N, pallidus, respectively. Fig. 7. Mentum of erinaceus, showing pair of setigerous punctures. Figs. 8, 9, and 10. Pseudopanscopus costatus. Fig. 11. Phymatinus gemmatus. Fig. 12. Nomidus abruptus. Fig. 13. Nomidus rugicollis. Fig. 14. Side view of metasternum to show metepisternal suture briefly visible opposite rear coxae. Fig. 15. Nocheles dentipes, showing the 4-segmented abdomen of 9 , with dotted line to indicate internal position of the externally obliterated 4th suture. Figs. 16, 17, 18, and 19. Median lobe of male genitalia (dorsal and lateral views) of gemmatus, torpidus, pallidus, and maculosus, respectively. OLFACTORY RESPONSE OF THE JAPANESE BEETLE. (POPILLIA JAPONICA NEWM.)! By E. Avery RicumMonp, Agent,? U. 8S. Department of Agriculture. Early experiments on the control of the Japanese beetle showed that this insect was repelled from foliage sprayed with any of the standard arsenical poisons. Hadley, 1922, noted that “practically all the standard poisons in common use are more or less repellent.” Considerable effort was made to find a substitute for arsenate of lead which would be readily eaten by the beetles and at the same time be sufficiently toxic to result in effective control. No substitute was found and it became a problem of treating the arsenate of lead in a manner which would mask the repellent factor to such a degree that the beetles would feed on it readily. This problem has been studied for several years and the development of a coated arsenate of lead is one of the results. Another means, which suggested itself, was that of finding a compound with an odor attractive to the beetles and capable of being mixed and applied with the arsenical spray. In this way beetles would be drawn to the sprayed foliage. Inasmuch as it was not known just what stimulus or combination of stimuli was causing repugnancy in the case of arsenate of lead, it was a 1Contribution No. 26 from the Japanese Beetle Laboratory, Riverton, N. J. 2These chemotropic studies were originally initiated by Loren B. Smith, who began them in 1922 with the assistance of T. H. Frison, and their operation has since been directed by the former. During 1923 F. J. Brinley conducted the investigations. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 2, FEB., 1927 oy question whether the repellency could best be overcome by attractive odor, color, taste or a change in the physical con- stitution of the arsenical spray. The material included in this paper is merely a general review of the situation but will be followed by a larger and more com- prehensive treatise. PRELIMINARY RESULTS OBTAINED IN 1922 AND 1923. Since the beetles were known to have favored food-plants and were strongly attracted to ripening fruit, thus suggesting that odors influence the feeding of the beetles, tests were made of various odorous compounds and chemicals during the summer of 1922. To ascertain whether the beetles could be attracted by an odor, a number of essential oils were tested by spraying them on the foliage of both infested and non-infested plants. The results indicated that sassafras, hemlock, mustard, lemon oils and iso-amyl valerate were somewhat attractive to the beetle. Certain other oils appeared to be neutral in their effect upon the beetle, while still another group appeared to be somewhat repellent. More detailed experiments were conducted during 1923 and a large number of compounds were studied. During this season various oils and chemicals were combined with a sweetened bran mixture. Such baits were placed in small cans holding about 175 grams. These cans, which had been perforated, were then suspended from the limbs of trees in various orchards. Not only was a series of essential oils tested but the various con- stituents of sassafras and certain other oils, which appeared to be attractive, were tested in an endeavor to find the attractive agent. Among the oils sassafras and clove were easily the leaders, while of the constituents, ethyl alcohol, geraniol and eugenol proved to be the most important and in the order named. The active principle in sassafras oil was believed to be either geraniol or eugenol, although the former is apparently present only in the leaf oil. It was also clearly demonstrated that the intensity of the odor was an important factor to be considered in this respect. During the season of 1924 experiments were continued in much greater detail and a large amount of data was collected. Detailed studies were made with particular reference to those environmental factors which appeared to influence the chemo- tropic response of the beetle. The adult is exceedingly susceptible to the influence of color, odor, temperature, humidity and light. Whether these fac- tors act as stimuli or depressants depends largely upon their combination and the force which each exerts upon the insect at any given time. For instance it has been found that an odor may be repellent, neutral or attractive to the beetles de- 38 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 2, FEB., 1927 pending upon the temperature-humidity relationship. There- fore, before the chemotropic response can be determined quanti- tatively or conclusions drawn from such data, all factors must be taken into consideration. In attempting to determine the influence of the several odors upon the beetle many difficulties arise, even under the most favorable conditions, and, unless the greatest care is taken to control all influencing factors, the data obtained are likely to be inaccurate and extremely misleading. In view of this it was felt that, while laboratory experiments on confined beetles might give certain useful indications, the most accurate results in the preliminary work would be obtained when the various experiments were performed under outdoor conditions. Field work, however, is naturally limited by the duration of beetle activity. MORE EXTENDED RESULTS OBTAINED IN 1924. At the beginning of the summer of 1924 it seemed advisable to consider the problems relative to the beetle’s response under two main phases of observation, namely, chemotropism and phototropism. The consideration of the latter tropism is omitted in this paper while the former is treated briefly herein with particular reference only to the principal attrahents. The chemotropic project resolved itself into the following problems: 1. To determine which of several o7/s are attractive, neutral or repellent to the Japanese beetle. 2. To determine which of several organic chemicals are attrac- tive, neutral or repellent to the Japanese beetle. 3. To determine the most satisfactory dait-carrier to use as a base for the oils and chemicals of problems / and 2. 4. To determine indications of attraction or repellency of various oils and chemicals in emu/sified forms, suspensions or solutions, by means of sprays. 5. To devise a more satisfactory method of determining, in the field, the relative chemotropism of the Japanese beetle with a view of discovering a primary attractive or repellent odor. 6. Physiological and ecological conditions influencing chemotropic response. . The main experiments were conducted in two orchards, one of which was planted to “Wild Goose” and Newman plums. The other contained both early and late varieties of apple and peach trees and these, in general, were arranged in alternate rows. Neither of these plantings had been cultivated for sev- eral years. The conditions of these orchards were charted very carefully with respect to the ecological surroundings. The PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 2, FEB., 1927 39 baits were prepared in the laboratory. In the field the materials were suspended in perforated tins, each containing 100 grams of the mixture.t. Five bait-cans, placed at various points in the orchard, were used in each experiment. The beetles, which gathered on the baits, were collected in large cyanide jars (12” museum jars) and were then transferred to 5-ounce bottles in which they were stored. Six collections from each can were made daily, except Sunday, and at the following hours: 9, 10, Wy As es 2:30) 13305 and 2250hes ne (Standard Time). Four different bait-carriers were used, essentially similar to the bran mixture referred to above under the 1923 results. Nearly seventy essential oils and chemicals were tested in this manner. The report for 1923 showed that the daily average of beetles, collected from a natural sassafras oil (5.71%) bait, was 123.5, whereas clove oil (0.57%), next in value, gave only 44.5. In 1924 the average number of beetles, collected during the entire period of an experiment with natural sassafras oil (2.85%), was 5.3 per observation. The attraction of clove oil (0. 28%) was practically 0, the second in value for this year proving to_be ginger oil (0. 57% ©) with an average of 0.8. Imitation sassafras oil gave sno negative results. According to an analysis made by manufacturing chemists the natural sassafras oil con- tains 0.5% eugenol but no geraniol. Natural sassafras oil was essentially the only oil experimented with which showed value as an attrahent, and in 1923 this excelled any other cil or chemical. Since past experiments showed that natural sassafras and clove oils clearly outdistance any other oils in attractive value, it was deemed advisable to investigate the principal constituents of these oils. The most important are geraniol, eugenol, citral, phellandrene, linalool, safrol and pinene. Special endeavor was made to run all of these chemicals at the same time and under identical field conditions in order to find, if possible, the one which was most valuable. Excellent correlation of the ex- periments was thus attained. Among the constituents tested, geraniol at any strength appeared the most attractive to the Japanese beetle. Over a period of 13 selected days the results, using various strengths of geraniol as well as eugenol (0.25%), were as follows: TABLE 1. RELATIVE VALUE OF THE DIFFERENT STRENGTHS OF GERANIOL AND EUGENOL. &% Geraniol % Eugenol No. of Beetles (ot aa 5,407 Sorre. tehmieas 3.749 2.5 il stata 3,288 OL 1.973 a 0.25 1.309 1The amount of mixture thus varied from that used in 1923. 40 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 2, FEB., 1927 It can be seen from Table 1 that the 10.0 % geraniol attracted the most beetles. However, if the collections are figured on a 1% basis, it will be noted that the lower strengths give in- creasingly better returns. The collections from the six leading chemicals, viewed from different angles, are listed in Table 2. TABLE 2. RELATIVE VALUE OF THE SIX LEADING CHEMICALS. Largest no. of Highest aver- Average no. of Total no. of beetles col- age no. beetles col- beetles col- lected from of beetles lected per ob- lected during any one _ per observa- servation Chemicals Strength anentiretest bait-can_ tioncollected during en- of each during any any one day tire test of chemical one observa- from each each chemi- tion chemical cal Geraniol= ee 5.0% 10,071 2a 80.4 Pile Bugenol=s== aes 0.25% 1,562 101 13.0 Dil Citronellala= 1.0 % 1,214 71 16.6 Sa7/ Cita ee eee OI '% 1,034 119 13.0 $y 3} Citronelloli 1.0% 620 50 13.5 1.9 Dipheny! Ether... 1.0 % TAG. Sg Bae: 12 0.3 The data included in this table definitely establish the su- periority of geraniol in all cases. The collection of 211 beetles from a single bait-can of geraniol (5.0%) on July 31 is re- markable, as is also the attraction of over 10,000 beetles by this same chemical during its entire test. Consider the significance of an average collection of 21.7 beetles from each observation over a period of three weeks of varying weather conditions. Citronellal with 3.7 beetles was second in value. The experiments with emulsions were preliminary and results simply gave indications of what might be expected in the future. All percentages of geraniol emulsion lead the field here as well as in the other phases of the problem. When cloths (1 foot square) were dipped in a 10% emulsion of geraniol and sus- pended in the orchards the true value of geraniol as an attra- hent was demonstrated. Beetles were drawn in as if by a mag- net and collections revealed the presence of approximately 13,000 beetles on only 12 cloths, over a period of 5 successive days (July 28 to August 1, inclusive). The collections were made at half hour intervals, the beetles having been removed after each observation. Various other emulsions of oils or chemicals were used but none has in any way approached such attraction. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 2, FEB., 1927 4] FURTHER RESULTS OBTAINED IN 1925 AND 1926. The organization of the personnel and general methods of procedure were greatly improved during these years. Instead of the cyanide jars, ordinary milk bottles were used and new methods of collecting materially shortened the time devoted to the collections. If the beetles, present on the bait-can, were not too numerous a count was merely made and no storage of beetles was therefore necessary. Weather bureau units were established at each experimental orchard, thus obtaining climatological data in connection with the collection. Inasmuch as several attrahents, more especially geraniol and eugenol, had been discovered, the next step was naturally the practical application of such odors. This problem was approached by the use of various types of traps which had been gradually evolved since 1924; incorporation of these chemicals in different sprays including emulsions, suspensions and solutions; and their impregnation 1n dusts such as kieselguhr, lime, talc, four and poison-baits. The bait-can tests of the preceding years were continued with emphasis placed on untried essential oils and chemicals; ma- terials tested in the past but under unfavorable weather con- ditions; combinations of the attrahents; and the value of the different grades of geraniol and eugenol. The knowledge of such factors should aid in lowering the cost of the material. Attempts were made to find a simpler and better method of ex- perimentation on account of the expenditure of time and money encountered in such operations. It became advisable to stress the question of repellency, par- ticularly because of the damage sustained by early peaches, and extensive investigations were made in an attempt to locate a method of attack. The several leads afforded included the oils and chemicals which proved neutral or repellent in past experiments or had been tested during unfavorable weather conditions; constituents of plants upon which the beetle does not feed to any appreciable extent; odors objectionable to man; poisonous substances, including proteins and alkaloids; and dusts. The search for a more satisfactory bait-carrier was continued as well as the study pertaining to the effect of the different odors as regards sex. The results of these two seasons have not been thoroughly worked over so only a brief mention of some of the basic facts have been included. Several oils proved attractive but not enough to be considered important. As regards the relative value of the different grades of geraniol there developed some confusion. In 1925 it appeared that the weakest grades ap- parently gave the best attraction. In 1926 a geraniol for soaps 42 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NQ. 2, FEB., 1927 definitely led the field while pure (83%) ran in second place together with geraniol “S” (55%). Using the combination of geraniol and eugenol, the second best attractive agent, the amount of geraniol can be materially reduced and only 0.25% eugenol 1s necessary. The most satis- factory bait-carrier, together with these odors, was satisfactorily used in connection with a cylindrical bait-trap. This bait- trap, although not perfect by any means, clearly demonstrated its value in the reduction of beetles within a given area. Over 13,000 beetles were collected by a single trap over a period of about 8 hours. An attempt was made to control an orchard with these traps, but the beetles arrived too rapidly to be caught before causing foliage injury. It was planned to move the trap just outside the limits of an orchard, but this experi- ment was prevented by an unusual rainy spell. The efficiency of the traps was materially improved by the addition of a large wash-tub half filled with water and placed directly beneath the trap. Data obtained suggests that these bait-traps are at least 50% efficient. The addition of geraniol, 1 to 1,000, to the usual arsenate of lead spray proved exceedingly efficacious in attracting the beetles, but the main difficulty seemed to be that the odor dissi- pated too rapidly. A geraniol emulsion was successfully used in connection with the newly developed oleoresin of pyrethrum spray. Noentirely satisfactory poison bait has been discovered although lead chloride, sodium arsenite, sodium arsenate and Paris green produced a fairly high kill. The beetles fed readily on crushed apples treated with lead arsenate and a much better kill was attained than was the case when the lead chloride was used. Geraniol, which was used as a check bait, is toxic to the beetle and it may be that no poison need be added. The consideration of possible repellents has been extremely extensive and over 250 tests have been conducted. The ma- terials used have been classified as regards their degree of re- pellency. ‘The most outstanding substances are copper resinate, guaiac wood oil and oil of tar. Kieselguhr and talc were very satisfactory as carriers and doubtless increase the degree of repellency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF GERANIOL. According to various authors, geraniol and its esters were dis- covered in 1871, by Jacobson in Palmarosa or Turkish geranium oil. Geraniol is isomeric with linalool. It is a pale yellow oily liquid and possesses a pleasant geranium-like odor. Its specific gravity is 0.8812, its melting point—I15° C. and its boiling point 230° C. This constituent is soluble in alcohol PROG ME Nih. SOC. WASH.) VOLwI29., NOs 2.) HEB... 1927 43 and ether but insoluble in water. It may be derived from oils of geranium, citronella or palmarosa by forming a double com- pound with calcium chloride. Geraniol (CiHisO) is an un- saturated alcohol, belonging to a class of compounds known as terpenes. It has its derivation from higher hydro-carbons of the ethylene series. The presence of geraniol in apple was demonstrated by Power and Chestnut, 1922, and it is also found in appreciable quantities in geranium oil, citronella oil and sassafras leaf oil. It is re- ported that the oxidation of this oil not only causes an alteration of its physical constituents but also effects the aroma by im- parting to it a lemon-like odor. This property modifies the rose-like odor which distinguishes freshly prepared geraniol. Just what change actually occurs in the composition of geraniol, when it is used in the field, is problematic. In spite of this fact there is evidently no marked loss in its attractive value during the exposure of the alcohol to the weather. Experiments with this chemical in baits were conducted for over a month and it still maintained its effectiveness. Material kept indoors since August, 1924, still retains a definite attractive odor. CONCLUSIONS. Geraniol is clearly the primary attrahent of the Japanese beetle but its combination with eugenol materially lowers the cost and increases its effectiveness. During the summer of 1924 over 65,000 beetles were actually collected from the bait- can experiments. Nearly 50,000 of these beetles were present on geraniol baits alone. The results of experimentation in 1925 and 1926 were in keeping with these remarks, but, inas- much as more extensive tests were conducted, the number of beetles collected was proportionately greater. The activities of the adult varied with temperature, humidity and vapor pressure. Females are attracted approximately one-third more frequently than males when geraniol and most other chemicals are employed. Molasses has only a slight attractive value. Satis- factory traps have been evolved and it seems possible that they will have considerable value in reducing the numbers of beetles in a given orchard. Bran retains odors over long periods if protected from the rain. Geraniol has been satisfactorily incorporated in poison sprays although its odor is not retained for a long enough period. To this end experiments on the ab- sorption of this chemical on charcoal, clays, etc., are under way. The value of geraniol, when used in connection with a contact spray, has been demonstrated. Eugenol, citral, citronellol and citronellal follow geraniol as attractive agents. 44 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 2, FEB., 1927 BIBLIOGRAPHY. Literature. CHAMBERLAIN, J. S. GILDEMEISTER, E. anpD Horrmann, F. A text-book of Organic Chemistry, pp. 1-959, 1921. The Volatile Oils, I, pp. 1-677, figs. 1-75; II, pp. 1-686, figs. 1-52; III, pp. 1-777, figs. 1-51, 1916. Hap ey, C. H. The Japanese Beetle, Bureau of Statistics and Inspection, State of New Jersey, Dept. Agric., Circular No. 46, pp. 1-20, frontispiece, figs. 1-6, 1922. Kraemer, HEnry. Applied and Economic Botany, pp. 1-822, figs. 1-424, 1916. McInpoo, N. EF. The Olfactory Senses in Insects. Smithsonian Misc. Collections. LXIII, No. 9, pp. 1-63, figs. 1-6, 1914. Painter, H. R.; Firuxe, C. L.; anp Granovsky, A. A. Attractant and Poisoned Bait. Experiments on the Pellucid Grasshopper. Journ. Ec. Ent. XVIII, pp. 818-823, 1925. Parker, J. R. Observations on the Clear-winged Grasshopper (Camnula pellucida Scudder) Univ. Minn. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 214, pp. 4-44, figs. 1-6, 1924. Parry, Ernest J. Cyclopedia of Perfumery, I, pp. 1-472; II, pp. 433-840, 1925. Poucuer, W. A. Perfumes and Cosmetics with especial reference to Synthetics, pp. 1-462, figs. 1-65, 1923. Power, F. B. anp Cuestnut, V. K. The Odorous Constituents of Apples. II, Evidences of the Presence of Geraniol. Journ. Amer. Chem. Soc. XLIV, No. 12, pp. 2938-42, 1922. Ricuarpson, C. H. The Oviposition Response of Insects. U.S. Dept. of Agric. Bull. No. 1324, pp. 1-17, 1925. SmirH, Loren B. Feeding Habits of the Japanese Beetle which influence its Control. U.S. Dept. of Agric. Dept. Bull. No. 1154, pp. 1-11, Tables I-III, figs. 1-3, 1923. The Japanese Beetle Status in 1923. Journ. Ec. Ent.-X VII, No. 1, pp. 107— 111, 1924. Japanese Beetle Control, State of New Jersey, Dept. of Agric. Bur. of Sta- tistics and Inspection. Circ. 90, pp. 1-3, figs. 1-12 (plates), 1925. SmirH, Loren B. ano Hap ey, C. H. The Japanese Beetle. U.S. Dept. of Agric. Dept. Circ. 363, pp. 1-66, figs. 1-36, 1926. Weiss, Harry B. Odor Preference in Insects. Can. Ent. XLV, pp. 302-4, 1913. A Summary of the Food Habits of North American Coleoptera. Amer. Naturalist.. LVI, pp. 159-165, 1922. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 2, FEB., 1927 45 SOME REMARKS ON QUESTIONABLE TYPES. By Cuaries W. Jounson, Boston Society of Natural History. In the Canadian Entomologist for December, 1926, Mr. C. H. Curran erects some peculiar types for Comantella fallei Back, which he calls “Lectoholotype” and “Lectoallotype.” Now a lectotype is a cotype chosen to take the place which in other cases a holotype occupies. Many do not recognize lectotypes. A cotype by another name To them’s a cotype just the same, And it is nothing more. As to the specimen designated a “Lectoallotype,” it was not one of the specimens studied by Dr. Back. Both of these are still in my collection and labeled by him, ‘“‘Cotypes C. fallei.” The locality Montclair, Calif., in Dr. Back’s paper should have read Montclair, Col. The specimen was collected by Mr. E. J. Oslar. In this connection there is another matter I wish to mention. In: Psyche. for, October; 1924, (mailed Nov., 7); Mr..C. HB. Curran described five new Syrphidae. Microdon pseudoglo- bosus, M. conflictus, M. ocellaris, M. manitobensis and Cerioides- proxima. No holotypes were designated, therefore all the specimens mentioned in that paper are cotypes. In the Kansas University Science Bulletin, Vol. 15, Dec. 1924 (issued Dec. 11925), the above mentioned species were again described as new, with no reference to the paper in Psyche. Holotypes were selected for all the species, except M. manitobensis, together with allotypes and paratypes. Under Microdon pseudoglobosus, the first specimen mentioned © in Psyche is made the holotype, and 1s said to be in the Uni- versity of Kansas Museum, but further on he says: “The holo- type is in the museum of the Bureau of Plant Industry, Harris- burg, Pa.” A number of additional specimens are included under paratypes, but the cotypes of the first paper from Chit- tenden, Vt., and Cape May, N. J., are not cited. Under M. conflictus, the first specimen mentioned in Psyche is also made the holotype. There are also a number of ad- ditional specimens not recorded in the first paper, but the co- types from Washington, Mass., and Bar Harbor, Me., are not cited. Under M. ocellaris the first specimen mentioned in Psyche is again made the holotype and all of the other cotypes cited, with no additional records. Under M. manitobensis in the first paper the author says: “Fifteen specimens of both sexes, Megantic, Que., Capen, Me., Oquossoc, Me., Southwest Harbor, Me., Elmboro, Sask., Ottawa, Ont.; several specimens Manitoba.”” In the second paper he 46 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 2, FEB., 1927 says: “ Described from thirty specimens of both sexes from Manitoba, Saskatchewan, British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec and Maine” * * * “The types are in the Canadian National Collection, Ottawa; Kansas University Museum; Bureau of Plant Industry, Harrisburg, Pa.; and the collections of C. B. D. Garrett, Dr. A. J. Hunter, and the author.” Note that the cotypes from Capen, Oquossoc and Southwest Harbor, Maine, are not mentioned. Under Cerioides proxima the first specimen mentioned in Psyche is made the holotype but the cotypes from Bennington, Vt.; Megantic, Que.; Boncher, Sask.; Vernon, B. C., are not cited. Having been largely responsible for the publication of the paper in Psyche, as I wished at the time to add the species to my New England list of Diptera, I have hesitated to criticize the second paper, for it is far from a pleasant task. By omitting a reference to the first paper and changing the character of the types, the second paper is very misleading and will cause trouble in the future as to the date of publication of the above species and the true standing and location of the types. Only the specimens mentioned in the first paper are types, and as no holotypes were made at the time they are all cotypes. Holo- types could not be made in the second paper and the additional specimens under paratypes have no standing as types. The specimens selected as holotypes might be considered lectotypes, but not being thus designated this is questionable. Of the above cotypes those from New England are in the collection of the Boston Society of Natural History and the one from Cape May, N. J., is in the writer’s collection. The species of Microdon were all returned as paratypes and the Cerioides proxima as a “metatype” although not recorded as such in the second paper. A specimen of M. conflictus from Westville, N. J.,in my collec- tion was returned marked “paratype,” but is not recorded in either paper. The rules governing the making of types are so explicit that this muddle seems uncalled for. There is no rule covering lectotypes, and only in the case of a composite species does it seem necessary to select one. Therefore the promiscuous mak- ing of lectotypes seems very objectionable, because no one has the right to deliberately lessen the value of specimens in the possession of others. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 2, FEB., 1927 47 ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE OCCIPUT OF THE DIPTERA. By Raymonp C. SuHannon, Jnstituto Bacteriologico, Departamento Nacional de Higitene, Buenos Aires. The characteristics of the posterior surface of the head in the Diptera are very little used for purposes of classification and as a rule, when so used, are chiefly confined to the occipital cilia- tion (Dolichopodidae, Syrphidae, etc.). In a recent publica- tion of the writer’s (Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, 1926, Vol. 28, p. 130) he differentiated Lucilla elongata from its near allies by the fact that it possesses stiff black setae on the back of the head whereas its allies possess pale soft pile. It is obvious that the development of the anterior portion of the thorax should affect the development of the head and vice versa. There is an excellent illustration of this fact in the family Syrphidae in which the back of the head of the Syrphinae so closely surrounds the anterior portion of the thorax that it has caused the mesonotal pilosity to cease abruptly behind the humeral calli and intervening region. This particular charac- teristic has proven one of the most clear-cut in the family, and sets the Syrphinae off as a well defined group from the remain- ing subfamilies. In recent work on the Muscidae and Calliphoridae of Argen- tina the writer has found that certain groups may be clearly defined by the absence or presence of pile or setae on the epice- phalon and the arrangement of the same. The writer’s ma- terial is limited and he is therefore unable to thoroughly test the value of the character. But in this large and complicated group, which has undergone such radical revisions during the last thirty years, all possible characters of value should be pressed into service and these few notes are offered with the hope that interest in this direction may be stimulated. Prac- tically all Muscoids have a few setae on the upper portion of the epicephalon, so this part is left out of the present discussion. The epicephalon of the Tachinidae, Dexiidae and Rutiliinae (in the material at hand) is bare. In the Sarcophagidae and Calliphoridae there are two small patches of pale yellow pile on the lower margin of the epice- phalon. In the Wohlfartiinae and Metopiinae (Sarcophagidae) the pile is black and more hair-like. In the Muscinae and Phaoniinae there are two patches of small bristles on the lower portion. In Stomoxys the bristles are very minute and scattered. In the Faniinae the bristles are arranged in two parallel rows, one on each side and close to the lateral margins. In Pegomyia (Anthomyiinae) the bristles are arranged in an arc on the lower portion of the epicephalon and in Anthomyia pluvialis they are arranged in two patches as 48 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 2, FEB., 1927 in the Muscinae and Phaoniinae. In Scatophaga there is a transverse uninterrupted patch of yellow pile. The shape of the epicephalon shows strong differences in dif- ferent groups. In the Muscoid Diptera the sides are more or less parallel. In the Eristalinae and Volucellinae it is triangular, the apex being directed towards the occipital foramen. In the Syrphinae, it 1s considerably reduced and the sutures are more or less vestigial. The vestiture of the paracephalic plates also show marked differences between different groups. A NEW SUBSPECIES OF PAPILIO PAEON (LEPID.). By Tueo. D. A. CocKERELL Papilio paeon escomeli, new subspecies. Male.—Differs from P. paeon Boisvd. in having the yellow markings slightly darker. Hind wing: the tails narrower, the postmedial spots much broader. Hind wings below with the grayish lunules following the red band, reduced so the outer yellow space is much broader; the marginal black lunules much nar- rower and shorter, the vein in tail irrorated with pale yellow Expanse.—98 mm Habitat—Cotahuasi, Arequipa, Peru. The specimen from Arequipa collected by Dr. Escomel in whose honor the species is named. Wiype Cat. No. 33,185, .U 255, Ne ME Actual date of publication, March 26, 1927. EDITORIAL. Parentheses in Nomenclature-—The device of putting par- entheses about a specific name when associated with any but its original generic consort was a good one, in the earlier stages of its vogue. Now, however, that shifts in nomenclature have been so numerous that in certain lists nearly every specific name is parenthetical, the usefulness of the device is greatly diminished. For the sake of economy and efficiency we usually abbreviate or dispense with a thing so universal that it may be assumed in practically all cases. Such action should be taken with re- gard to specific name parentheses unless some rejuvenation and improvement of the idea is deemed preferable. For instance we might adopt a character, say brackets [ | for a secondary enclosure of aname originally described in a tribe to which it did not belong; if a mistake in subfamily assignment also was made we could politely indicate the condition by adding question marks ??; an error as to family, occasioning greater surprise, could be fittingly denoted by exclamation points, !!; beyond this we would suggest only asterisks, ** (order wrong) and dashes, — — (phylum missed) for the sake of their customary profane sig- nificance. Thus the proposal of a name in such a way as to commit all of the aforesaid nomenclatorial crimes would demand a final appearance something like this: Erratus —* ! ? [(elegans)]| ?!* — A. Tyro. Is it not beautifully obvious how easily we can add to the charming complexity of nomenclature? —W.L,. McAtee. "4 . ‘ i i a ; ‘ > | ae Pe hy 7 wi - fae 1 f i 7 ‘ 1 ' a ai : a . A) VOL. 29 MARCH, 1927 No. 3 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON CONTENTS ARROW, G. J.—A NOTE ON THE COLEOPTEROUS GENUS ASERICA (MELOLON- THINAE) BOVING, ADAM G.—THE LARVA OF NEVERMANNIA DORCATOMOIDES FISHER WITH COMMENTS ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE ANOBIIDAE ACCORDING TO THEIR LARVAE. (COLEOPTERA: ANOBIIDAE) FISHER, W. S.—A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF COLEOPTERA FROM A TERMITE NEST IN COSTA RICA. (FAMILY ANOBIIDAE) ROHWER, S. A.—TWO EUROPEAN SAWFLIES OF THE GENUS EMPHYTA FOUND IN THE UNITED STATES (HYM.) ROHWER, S. A.—ON THE SYNONYMY OF A LEAF MINING SAWFLY WOLCOTT, GEORGE N.—AN ANIMAL CENSUS OF TWO PASTURES AND A MEADOW IN NORTHERN NEW YORK MCATEE, W. L.—CICADIDAE OF THE VICINITY OF WASHINGTON, D. C. PusiisHeED MontHiy Excepr Juty, AuGust AND SEPTEMBER BY THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON, D. C. 69 51 49 66 67 62 70 Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D. C., under Act of August 24, 1912. ~ Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized July 3, 1918. THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON OrGANnIzED Marcu 12, 1884. The regular meetings of the Society are held in the National Museum on the first Thursday of each month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 Pp. M. Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00. Members are entitled to the Proceepincs and any manuscript submitted by them is given precedence over any submitted by non-members. OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1927. FHOMOTANY PYESIGeNE 232 = ss so eo a see eA Se eRe IEG Ss ee ee ee eer gaa is 6 jell, JANCSILOIP JEL VATE COO oe ed) oo bo a 6 oo die Ids (GIRAIP Naa! AGP IRC Wy ME OOO cles © 6) 65 6 0 6 5 ab Co JBAINIZIN IRECOMAINEMSECTERATY oo. i 8s voile, & Moto Rie, 6 cy) een SY ent Ea Corresponding Secretary-Treasurer : .....:... +. .»: A ROMWER U.S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. JOULE aS Se ed is « + “W. RE WALTON Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Executive Committee: THE Orricers and C, T. Greene, A. N. Caupbe.t, T. E. Snyper. Representing the Society as a Vice-President of the Washington Academy of SCPENCED) am nw x A) Bop beh se a ee ee A. G. BOVING PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON. Published monthly, except July, August and September, by the Society at Washington, D. C. Terms of subscription: Domestic, $4.00 per annum; foreign, $4.25 per annum; recent single numbers, 50 cents, foreign postage extra. All subscriptions are payable in advance. Remittances should be made payable to the Entomological Society of Washington. An author of a leading article in the ProceEpinGs will be given 10 copies of the number in which his article appears. Reprints without covers will be fur- nished at the following rates, provided a statement of the number desired accompanies the manuscript: 4 pp. 8 pp. 12 pp. 16 pp. 50 copies 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 100 copies DDS 4.50 6.75 9.00 Certain charges are made for illustrations and there are available rules and suggestions governing the make-up of articles. Immediate publication in any number may be obtained at the author’s expense. All manuscripts should be sent to the Editor. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON WOE. 29 MARCH 1927 Now 3 A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF COLEOPTERA FROM A TERMITE NEST IN COSTA RICA (FAMILY ANOBIIDAE). By W. S. FisHer, United States Bureau of Entomology. NEVERMANNIA, new genus. Body oval, moderately elongate, strongly convex, and glabrous. Head not excavated beneath; eyes moderately large, and feebly, arcuately emarginate; clypeal suture deeply impressed. Last joint of maxillary palpi elongate securi- form, and the outer margin slightly oblique; last joint of !abia! palpi broadly triangular, and the apex transversely truncate; mentum transverse and tra- peziform. Antennae 11-jointed; first joint large and elongate; second much smaller and subglobular; joints three to eight narrow and very small, the third as long as wide, and the fourth to eighth compact, and about as wide as long; ninth to eleventh forming a broad club slightly !onger than all the preceding joints united: ninth joint about twice as long as wide, and nearly as long as the following two joints united; tenth joint as long as wide, and slightly nar- rowed toward the base; eleventh joint slightly elongate-oval. Pronotum evenly convex, and the lateral margins straight. Elytra without striae. Prosternum short, flat, deeply abruptly depressed at middle, and not produced behind into two long processes. Anterior coxae widely separated. Meta- sternum flat, without a longitudinal groove at middle, but deeply excavated in front for the reception of the antennae. Legs received in depressions while in repose; tib:ae not compressed; tarsi short, the first joint as long as wide, joints two to four strongly transverse and very compact, and the terminal joint slightly longer than the first joint. Genoty pe-—Nevermannia dorcatomoides, new species. This genus closely resembles Dorcatoma Herbst. It differs, however, from that genus in having the antennae eleven jointed, prosternum not concave or produced behind into two long, slender, horn-like processes, and the meta- sternum deeply excavated in front for the reception of the antennae. The genus seems to be allied to Coelostethus LeConte, as both genera have the metasternum deep!y excavated for the reception of the antennae in repose, and according to Dr. B6éving, the larvae show also remarkable similarities. The adults, however, do not resemble Coe/ostethus in appearance, and the genus differs from Nevermannia in a number of respects, of which the following are the most important: mandibles acutely carinate on the upper surface; meta- sternum longitudinally sulcate; abdominal segments connate at the middle; legs free in repose, and the upper surface stria-punctate and pubescent. This genus is named in honor of Ferd. Nevermann, who has collected many interesting species of coleoptera in Costa Rica. Nevermannia dorcatomoides, new species. Uniformly black above, legs and body beneath vaguely rufous, and the tarsi 50 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 3, MAR., 1927 and antennae slightly paler. Head finely, densely punctate, and the punctures nearly confluent; eyes moderately large and separated from each other on the front by two times their vertical diameter; last two joints of each antenna turned at right angle to the ninth joint, and their sides fitting tightly together for their reception into the excavation in the metasternum. Pronotum one- half wider than long, distinctly narrower at apex than at base, and widest at base; lateral margins narrow, and only visible from above near the posterior angles; anterior margin broadly rounded; base strongly, angularly produced in front of the scutellum; disk strongly, evenly convex, and the surface coarsely, densely, uniformly punctate, the punctures separated from each other by once their own diameters. Scutellum small, and slightly longer than wide. Elytra three times as long as the pronotum, the sides feebly, arcuately rounded from the humeral angles to apical third, then strongly, arcuately narrowed to the apex; surface slightly more sparsely punctured than the pronotum, the punc- tures separated from each other by from one to two times their own diameters. Abdomen beneath deeply, coarsely punctate, the punctures separated from each other by from one to two times their own diameters; suture between the first and second segments nearly straight, the other sutures strongly arcuate; first, second, third, and fifth segments nearly equal in width, the fourth segment about one-half as wide as the third. Length, 2 mm.; width, 1.2 mm. Type locality—Hamburg Farm, Costa Rica. Type.—Cat. No. 40123, United States National Museum. 3 Fig. 1.—Ventral view of adult Fig 2.—Dorsal view of adult. Fig. 3—Antenna. This beautiful little species is described from a single specimen, probably a female, collected at Hamburg Farm, which is situ- ated on the Raventazon River, about midway between Siquires and the coast, in Costa Rica, in a termite nest on August 27, 1925, by Ferd. Nevermann. The drawings have been made by Miss E. T. Armstrong. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 3, MAR., 1927 ay) | THE LARVA OF NEVERMANNIA DORCATOMOIDES FISHER WITH COMMENTS ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE ANOBITDAE ACCORDING TO THEIR LARVAE (COLEOPTERA: ANOBIIDAE). By Apam G. Bovine, U. S. Bureau of Entomology. INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. The material from which the following description of the mature larva of Nevermannia dorcatomoides Fisher is made was collected together with a single imago from the nest of a ter- mite [not determined] by Mr. Ferd. Nevermann, Hamburg Farm, Costa Rica, August 27, 1925. It consisted of three specimens preserved in alcohol and was sent by Mr. Nevermann to Dr. T. E. Snyder, Bureau of Entomology, as a gift. Mr. W.S. Fisher, Bureau of Entomology, examined the imago, found that it represents a new genus and species of Anobiidae and has described and named this genus and species in the pre- ceding article (p. 50). The larvae have been associated with the imago found to- gether with them in the same termite’s nest, for the reason that no other imagines or larvae of Anobiidae were found in the nest, that the larvae represent a new generic type as does the imago, that they are mature, ready to pupate and therefore probably belong to the same generation as the imago, and because they correspond to the imago in size. However, the association of the larvae with the imago has not been definitely proved by rearing. Of the three given specimens of the larvae, one specimen is kept in alcohol and from this the habitus figure i is made; two specimens were dissected and the parts placed in Canada balsam on six permanent slides, now incorporated in the slides collec- tion of the National Museum. DESCRIPTION OF MATURE LARVA. (Plate 3.) (U.S. Nat. Mus., one vial with one specimen marked: “In termite’s nest. Ham- burg Farm, Costa Rica, Aug. 27, 1925—Nevermann coll. et. ded—Type specimen.’’) Genera! aspect. The larva (Fig. 7) is about 6 mm. long, subcylindrica!, rather elongate and longitudinally curved, with the transversely strongly arched terga much larger than the more flattened pleurae and sternal parts. The head is protracted, almost globular, slightly longer than wide. The thorax is nearly twice as high as the head and a little higher than most of the abdominal segments; the legs have the length and development normal for Anobiid-larvae and are not much larger than the maxillae. Prothorax has no transverse tergal pleads, Sy PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 3, MAR., 1927 mesothorax and metathorax each two tergal pleads representing prescutum and scuto-scutellum with prescutum much longer in the sagital middle line than scuto-scutellum, the first to eighth abdominal segments each a prescutum and a scuto-scutellum but with both of the pleads large and of equal length in the sagittal middle line, those of the seventh and the eighth segments somewhat longer and flatter than the rest; ninth abdominal segment is small, subconical, about as long as one of the prescutal areas of the middle abdominal segments, indistinctly pleaded and laterally on each side provided with a round cushion- like epipleural lobe; tenth abdominal segment (Fig. 11) is flat, ventrally cover- ing the greater part of the ninth segment. In front ef the transverse and small anal opening is a large anal lobe, on the inside supported by an oval chitinous frame and on the outside bipartite by a longitudinal median furrow extending forward from the anal opening. The intestine behind the mal- pighian tubes consists of an anterior wide and curled portion (71, Fig. 11) fol- lowed by a narrow, more straight posterior portion (v2, Fig. 11) which opens in the anus. An epipleural area is found in all the segments except the tenth; in prothorax it is represented merely by a small triangular pre-epipleural and post-epipleural division, but in mesothorax and metathorax the median epi- pleural division is not entirely replaced by or fused with the tergal alar area and on the first eight abdominal! segments all three epipleural divisions are well developed. The hypopleural and sternal areas are simple and no inter- segmental connecting areas or “cunei”’ are visible. The larva is whitish with only a few structures darkly chitinized, particu- larly the mandibles, the epistomal and the hypostomal margins and the tips of the claws. On each side of prothorax the alar area is marked with a some- what P-like, slightly chitinized impression. Well developed setae are present on the headcapsule and mouthparts; long, soft and pale whitish hairs are arranged in a transverse series on each of the two tergal pleads of the segments but are particularly densely set on the ventral areas of thorax, the tibiae of the legs, the epipleural and hypopleural lobes of the abdomen and the ninth abdominal segment. Hook-shaped and backward directed asperities are present in a single trans- verse series of eight on each side of the prescutum of metathorax and the pre- scuta of the first six abdominal segments, and also in a single transverse series of four on each side of the prescutum of the seventh abdominal segment; none on the eighth and none on the prescutal region of the ninth, but a single series of about five hooks is found on each of the epipleural lobes of the latter segment, all pointing toward the forward facing ana! segment; the two anal cushions are entirely naked. The spiracles (Fig. 7) are small, lateral, all of the same size and present in mesothorax and the first eight abdominal segments; the pre-epipleural area in which the mesothoracic spiracle is seated is separated from the anterior margin of prothorax by a distance somewhat longer than the entire length of one of the legs. Anatomical details. Head capsule (Fig. 3) generally lightly chitinized, with epicranial median suture and the frontal sutures effaced; epistoma (Fig. 2) between the dorsal PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 3, MAR., 1927 33 articulations of the mandibles, well chitinized, band shaped, with the sagittal length about one-fifth of its entire width; cranial setae, the epistoma! excluded, about a score in number, different in size; the epistomal setae (epi Fig. 2) numer- ous and varying in size. Ocellus obliterated with no trace left. Antenna (Figs. 1 and 2) attached to a large dome-shaped basal membrane (abm) extending from a circular hole in the chitin at the end of epistoma. The antenna itself reduced to a fleshy knob (j) with a large, elongate, conical tactile appendix (ta) that has substituted the lacking apical joint.! Clypeus (Fig. 2) transverse, about four times as wide as long; no setae. Labium (Fig. 2) transverse, anterior margin slightly convex, corners rounded, medianly about as long as clypeus and approximately as wide as long; setae long; arranged in a transverse series with six present on each side. Posterior labial horns (h) and hind margin of labrum between the horns covered above by clypeus and below by epipharynx; horns comparatively short, slightly S-shaped, strongly converging, forming an imaginary angle of about 120°; hind margin with posterior convexity. Epipharynx (Fig. 1) on each side with (1) four stout, short, spindle-shaped setae arranged in an oblique inwardly and posteriorly directed series extending from the anterior margin to about the middle of epipharynx, (2) a group of about six moderately long setae occupying the antero-lateral corner of epi- pharynx, (3) a group of about ten, mostly long and thin setae in the inter- space between the two converging series of short, stout setae. Mandible (Figs. 5 and 6) strong with broad basis and heavy articulations, viewed from the top trilateral with excavated inner side; dorsal! edge of inner side (Fig. 6) carrying one tooth closely behind the apex and a tuft of hairs near the basis of the mandible, ventral edge of inner side (Fig. 5) carrying a large round process closely behind apex. No molar part. About six setae placed dorso-externally. Maxilla (Figs. 4 and 8) with well-developed cardo and stipes; cardo naked, stipes carrying half a dozen setae. Maxillary mala (ma) large, on dorsal side toward the buccal cavity entire, on ventra! side divided by a styliform chitinous prolongation from stipes (sty Fig. 4) into two lobules of different size, inner lobule (1) being only about one-third as !arge as outer lobule (0); dorsally (Fig 8), along the anterior and the free lateral edges, mala armed with a single 1In Kemner’s paper in Swedish, quoted in the bibliography, is found on pp. 8-10 a very instructive discussion with four figures illustrating the gradual reduction of the apical antennal joint in the larvae of the Anobiidae. He shows that in Ptilinus and Dendrobium pertinax a well-developed apica! joint is present besides a large tactile appendix on top of a large basal joint; the apical joint is still seen in Xestobium but much reduced, and a large tactile appendix occupies the usual place of the apical joint; in Anofium striatum the apical joint is represented merely by a ring-shaped spot with one well-developed club-shaped and two minute setae, and the large tactile appendix has the character of an apical joint as in Xestobtum. In Nevermannia every trace of an apical joint has disappeared and not even a well-developed club-shaped seta is found. 54 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 3, MAR., 1927 series of about half a dozen strong, spindle-shaped, spine-like setae; ventrally (Fig. 4) along the entire free edge, inner lobule armed with a single series of half a score of short, rather thin, stiffsetac, all alike, and ventially (Fig. 4), irregu- larly distributed over most of the surface, outer lobule armed with about a dozen, mostly long and thin setae. Maxillary palpus three-jointed, gradually tapering forward, projecting in front of mala by about half the length of the apical joint; basal joint (1 Fig. 4) cylindrical, about as wide as long, carrying three smal! setae; second joint (2 Fig. 4) same form as the basal joint but only about two-thirds as large, with two smal! setae; apical joint (3 Fig. 4) long and slender, about twice as long and half as wide as basal joint, minute tactile papillae on the tip, no setae. Subfacial area (sm and mt Fig. 4) large, slightly divided into a posterior submentum (sm) and anterior mentum (mt), no distinct maxillary articulating area and no gula; mentum armed anteriorly on each side with four small setae, submentum naked. Labium (Fig. 4) rather large. Eulabium (eu) posteriorly rounded, limited by a narrow postlabial chitinization (ch) of a shape intermediate between capital letters U and V; half a dozen setae irregularly placed anteriorly on each side. Labial palpus two-jointed, about as long and of the same general shape as the two terminal joints of the maxillary palpus; apical joint with one large (ap) and many minute tactile papillae on the tip. Ligula (li) well developed, sub- conical, with about four setae on each side. Hypopharynx (Fig. 8) fleshy, minutely papillose, consisting of {1) a pos- terior and central portion, the hypopharynx proper (hyp), without any setae and (2) an anterior portion, glossa (gl), with a minute setula on each side. Leg (Fig. 6) four-jointed, trochanter lacking or fused with femur. Coxa (co) large, bulgy, soft-skinned, having an obliquely placed, narrow chitinous frame facing toward femur and dorsally articulating with a process from a small hypopleural chitinization (hc). Femur (fe) retractile into the framed part of coxa, as long as the frame and armed with about five long setae. Tibia (ti) as long as femur and half as thick, beset with numerous long setae. Claw (ta) long, strong, pointed, slightly S-curved, heavily chitinized at the end and carrying a single seta. Spiracle (Fig. 10) with a smooth open ring-shaped mouthpiece (0) which has a minute thickening (s) located where an open spout-like prolongation occurs in the larvae of other Anobiid genera. Closing apparatus (cla) short- armed and separated from the mouthpiece by an atrium (atr) shaped like a di- lated portion of a trachea and provided with many spinulose taenidia (t). COMMENTS ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE ANOBIIDAE. The difficulties often met with in the attempts of determin- ing the nearest relatives of a new larval type and of placing it accordingly are well illustrated by the experiences encountered in the efforts to decide on the taxonomic position of the present larva of the new genus Nevermannia. The classification of the larvae of the Anobiidae has not been dealt with in modern taxonomic literature in a comprehensive PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 3, MAR., 1927 55 way, except to some extent in the very important contributions of the Swedish entomologist, N. A. Kemner (1915 and 1916), and the Finnish entomologist, Uunio Saalas (1923). But these papers deal only with the larvae of Swedish and Finnish species representing comparatively few genera, namely, Ernodbius, Ano- bium, Dendrobium, Xestobium, Dorcatomaand Ptilinus,andevenif it is true that both authors with keen foresight have emphasized characters which have proven to be of fundamental importance for the separating of other Anobiid genera and even of a tribe (Prilinini), yet the aim of their descriptions and keys is pri- marily the specific determination of their larvae. Conse- quently most of the characters considered seem to be of sub- ordinate value for the general separation of the Anobiid genera and especially for their arrangement into larger groups of tribal rank. As far as non-described but well determined larval material concerns available for comparison, the National Museum pos- sesses a useful collection of larvae representing most of the European and American genera. But much preliminary work had to be done, such as the preparation of slides exhibiting various kinds of anatomical details and the making of notes and drawings recording these, before the relationship between the genera represented could be considered. This, however, has been accomplished and as a result the following brief characterizations have been written of what are considered as the main divisions or “tribes,” and a key has been constructed for the determination of the genera examined. In the key the supposed relationship between the genera is expressed by the sequence 1n which they are given. A perusal of these tribal characterizations and the generic key will show that the larva of the genus Nevermannia distinctly belongs in the tribe here named as Anobiini, and in this tribe probably will have to be placed nearest to the genus S7fodrepa. It differs, however, from the latter genus in several characters, one of which is the presence in Nevermannia, but not in Sifo- drepa, of a round tubercle ventrally at the basis of the apical tooth of the mandible. The development of this tubercle is unusual among the Anobiini, but occurs also in the three genera Trypopitys, Priobium and Coelostethus. In the complex of families connected with the Axobiidae, namely, the Prinidae, Bostrichidae, Psoidae and Lyctidae the Anobiidae and the Ptinidae are most closely related. Jointly they are characterized by having the head subglobular and protracted from the thorax, the mouthparts directed downward, no more than one ocellus developed on each side, antenna very short, one- or two-jointed with a large tactile appendix from the basal joint, the mandible simple and apically pointed, never provided with a dorsal pseudo-molar process and a fleshy pros- 56 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 3, MAR., 1927 theca as found in the Psoidae or with a rounded, gouge-like apex; the abdominal segments are not divided dorsally into three large transverse folds as in the Bostrichidae; a small indis- tinct median tergal fold may sometimes be seen but usually there are only two transverse folds; the last abdominal spiracle is not larger and longer than the rest, as is the case in the Lyctidae, but all abdominal spiracles are of the same size and often provided with a remarkable, open, spout-like prolonga- tion from the peritrema. The main character by which the Anobiidae and Ptinidae are separated, is found:in the position of the thoracic spiracle which in the Anobiidae is located a considerable distance from the anterior margin of prothorax, but in the Primidae on the anterior margin. The larvae representing the genera of the Anobiidae belong to several distinctly different types, some of which are more deviating from the great bulk of the Anobiid genera than the Ptinidae. Probably a separation of the Anobiidae into at least three new families would be logical or, mutatis mutandis, the Ptinidae should be incorporated as a mere tribe in a family Anobiidae, sensu lato. The main divisions, here regarded and named as tribes, into which the Anobiidae genera have been arranged according to their larvae, are: Hedobiini, Ptilineurini, Xestobiini, Lasiodermini, Anobiini, Vrilettini, Xyletinini, Coen- ocarini and Ptilinini. These tribes can briefly be characterized as follows: Tribes. (1) Hedobiini: Epipharynx densely covered with long hairs and lacking any median or paramedian chitinous marks. Maxillary mala simple. (Including the genus Hedobia.) (2) Ptilineurini: Epipharynx as in the Hedobiini, Maxillary mala bilobed, inner lobule much smaller than outer lobule. Underside of tibia of anterior legs densely beset with short stout spines. Spiracles large, ring-shaped and without spout-like prolongations. (Including the genus Pti/ineurus.) (3) Xestobiini: Epipharynx with two posteriorly converging short series of about five strong spine-like setae; no median or paramedian chitinous marks, Maxillary mala bilobed, inner lobule much smaller than outer lobule and carry- ing only a single, strong terminal spine. (Including the genera Xestobium and Ozognathus.) (4) Lasiodermini: Epipharynx as in Xestobiini. Maxillary mala bilobed; inner lobule much smaller than outer lobule and carrying more than one seta. Claws short and strongly curved, empodium present. (Including the genera Lasioderma and Petalium.) (5) Anobiini: Epipharynx as in Xestobiini and Lasiodermini. Maxillary mala as in Lasiodermini. No empodium. (Including the genera Catorama, Protheca(?), Anobium, Hadrobregmus, Microbregma(?), Trypopitys, Coeloste- thus, Dendrobium, Priobium, Sitodrepa and Nevermannia.) (6) Vrilettini: Epipharynx with a pair of elongate groups of about twenty PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 3, MAR., 1927 57 or more hairs or short spines and near the anterior margin with a pair of para- median chitinous marks. Maxillary mala bilobed, inner lobule much smaller than outer Jobule. (Including the genus Vriletta.) (7) Xyletinini: Epipharynx as in Vrilettini. Maxillary mala bilobed; inner lobule as large or larger than outer lobule. (Including the genera Ernodius, Xyletinus, Oligomerus, Nicobium and Trichodesma.) (8) Caenocarini: Epipharynx with a pair of elongate groups of more than twenty short spines and antero-medianly with a single, spinose mark. Maxil- lary inner lobule at least as large as outer lobule. Mandible with a low and long molar part. (Including the genera Euty/istes, Dorcatoma and Caenocara.) (9) Ptilinini: Epipharynx with a pair of short series of about four long setae and postero-medianly with a single large, round, chitinous mark. Maxillary mala simple. Labium posteriorly limited by a post-labial chitinization as long as wide, posteriorly pointed and reversely arrow-shaped. (Including the genus Prilinus.) The genera distributed in the tribes above are determined by the following key: Genera. 1. Labium posteriorly more or less rounded; post labial chitinization narrow andl Weshanedh on lacking! 0s eee. ee eee meen, penis Ot Nae tt ea Phe Labium posteriorly pointed; postlabial chitinization reversely arrow- Silapeds as/lame as wide: 202.421 ee ener emi ae ae 23: 2. Maxillary mala simple; epipharynx densely covered with long hairs and lacking a single median or a pair of paramedian chitinous marks....Hedobia. Maxillary mala divided into two lobules; armature of epipharynx di- VSL Gai ca Sia eae ee oe ala onan est on Silene sgt nae UPR TENS. Sa oe 3) 3. Underside of tibia of first leg densely beset with short spines; epipharynx aS Win E Cd OD taal eee ee eee! LL) eens Ne Piilineurus. Underside of tibia of first leg not densely spinose; epipharynx not as in HEMEL LU aor errs ets anes Any eat OA Le io, ee NT 4, 4. Epipharynx with a pair of posteriorly converging series of about five stout, short, often hooked setae, antero-medianly with or without a tuft of hairs but always without chitinous marks. Maxillary inner lobule always smaller tham.outer lobule:2. 2 ve the eee awe we Ft on 5, Epipharynx with a pair of elongate groups of about twenty or more hairs or short spines, anteriorly with a single median or a pair of paramedian chitinous marks. Maxillary inner lobule usually of the same size as GLUK at yet lo] 0) oN an cee ee ae PRs ae ale lad a Ce a 15: 5. Inner lobule of maxillary mala carrying a single spine-like seta... 6. Inner lobule carrying more than a single seta... Ts 6. Anterior tergal fold of most of the abdominal segments armed with numer- ous shott, Hhookshapedsasperiticsvee ye tee eee Xestobium. Anterior tergal fold of abdominal segments carrying long, soft hair, but ROBASPCOMGLES eft. 2221 2: ui. seer eee ee a EY Ozognathus. 7. Empodium present; claw short and strongly curved. Anterior tergal fold of abdominal segments with many long hairs and without or with a few additional granuliform asperities; inner margin of mandible com- presseduand semicircular. 27. ree Lasioderma and Petalium. 58 10. bik 13: 14. 15. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 3, MAR., 1927 Empodium absent. Claw often long and straight; anterior tergal fold of most abdominal segments with numerous dark granuliform asperities and without or with attewsadditional hairs— =. ee 8. . Tergal asperities arranged in transverse patches with about three to five or more asperities in the sagitta! middle line of most of the abdominal SES MASI ES oe ee cee ere ene hee Cet Re ads ae ened oP Gita rae o Tergal asperities in a distinctly single or in one to two irregular trans- VETS ISGHES Uae elt... 2st ey Meat ey ee 14. . Spiracles large, the thoracic being two to three times as long as the claw, or of moderate size but then with a lateral open spout-like prolonga- tion as long as or longer than the spiracle. Claw short, about as long A'S Will GINO ltl D1 alee oe =. cca eee cs Sean 3 Pe ee 10. Spiracles of moderate size, about as long as claw or shorter, spout-like prolongation only indicated or entirely lacking tlle Spiracles large, without distinct spout; mandible with one (Catorama) or two (Protheca) lateral teeth on dorsal edge of inner face; tergal asperi- tlesustroneuand nook=shapec sess mes een ee Catorama and probably Protheca (of which only a cast skin is available). Spiracles of moderate size but with long spout; mandible with three lateral teeth on dorsal edge of inner face.2 Anobium. Prothorax large, on each side bearing a rod-like slightly curved chitinized impression; tergal asperities arranged in several series; mandible with three (Hadrobregmus) or two (Microbregma) lateral teeth but without a round projection at basis of apical tooth. Hadrobregmus and possibly Microbregma (of which only a cast skin is available). Prothorax without chitinous rod-like impression; mandible with a round projection ventrally at basis of the apical tooth; two to three lateral {CC Ae ea OE De eee apace pS a OR 5 Re a 1D. . Tergal asperities arranged in about four irregular transverse series on the HEstunve abdominal Sepimemtges eee: eee) weeny ees Trypopitys. Tergal asperities in transverse patches with three asperities along the sagittal middle line on the first six abdominal segments... ee Terga! patches broad band-like, with asperities in about three transverse series laterally. Tibia about three to four times as long as claw........ Coelostethus (= Dendrobium). Tergal patches rapidly attenuating, with asperities in one or two trans- verse series laterally. Tibia about twice as long as claw___........ Priobium. Mandible with two lateral teeth on dorsal inner edge, apical tooth without tubercle ventrally at basis; epipharynx with three serial setae on each side; maxillary inner lobule with three long, thick apical spines; first eight abdominal segments with one to two transverse series of dorsal ASPCEUCIOS es cs Soca ats nsw sae ces Sitodrepa. Mandible with one lateral tooth on dorsal inner edge, apical tooth with a large round tubercle ventrally at basis; epipharynx with four serial setae on each side; maxillary inner lobule with a single series of about ten setae along the entire inner margin; first seven abdominal segments with a distinctly single transverse series of dorsal asperities...Vevermannia. Maxillary inner lobule smaller than outer lobule. Epipharynx near an- PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 3, MAR., 1927 59 terior margin with a pair of paramedian chitinous marks; mandible laterally on inner side straight and shaped like the edge of an ax; tergal asperities arranged in about three irregular transverse rows........ Maxillary inner lobe as large or larger than outer lobe. 16. 16. Epipharynx anteriorly with a pair of paramedian chitinous marks; spira- cles with a short spout; mandible without molar part Ze Epipharynx anteriorly with a single median, spinose mark; spiracles varying in type; mandible with a low, long molar part. Dll 17. Labrum about twice as broad as long; with posterior horns styliform and slender and hind margin straight; mandible with one tooth on ventral inner edge immediately behind apical tooth. Ernobius. Labrum about as wide as long, with posterior horns irregularly shaped, Often ShOeikeksweetues ented ee eeu EE ea ee 18. 18. Hind margin of labrum straight; tergal asperities in about two transverse VECO) AS ce aN ee a 19 Hind margin of labrum curved, inverted U-shaped; tergal asperities in about tout trans Verse. Ge hl cS eae ae an eee 20. 19. Posterior horns of labrum rather long, curved and not shoe-shaped........ Xyletinus. Posterior horns of labrum short, distinctly shoe-shaped_........... Oligomerus. 20. Posterior tergal fold beset with long, soft hairs. Nicobium. Posterior terga! fold densely beset with short, spine-like, thin hairs Trichodesma. 21. Spiracles provided with a large, oval cribriform plate. Legs of normal Vernet te nae BM oe a ane ee 1 Ee ee LOE Eutylistes. Spiraclesiawithout cribritorm plate... 3.22 eee ee ee 22. Poa egs.of normalileng th! c... 2 0cccc feces ecter Seer ayer, ae Dorcatoma. Legs short and conical, not more than twice as long as wide. Mandible with a setose, transverse ridge above ventral condyle, inner edge finely CSN CS Re a eS eS ee Caenocara. 23. Epipharynx with a large postero-median chitinous mark; labrum with comparatively few but long, strong setae; mandible with inner edge con- vex and strongly projecting; maxillary mala simple without inner lobule. Spiracles very large, annular, without spout............0.0-_ Ptilinus. The larvae on which the above given tribal characterizations and generic key are based are present in the U. S. National Museum, and the material is partly preserved in alcohol, partly placed on permanent slides. The species examined are the following: Hedobia imperialis Linnaeus; Prilineurus marmoratus Reitter; Xestobium rufo-villosum Degeer; Ozognathus cornutus (Le Conte); Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius); Petalium seria- tum Fall; Catorama punctatum (LeConte), C. nigritulum (Le- Conte); C. grande Fall, C. tabaci Guérin, C. herbarium Gorham (St. Salvador), C. grave (LeConte); Protheca hispida LeConte; Anobhium striatum Olivier; Hadrobregmus carinatus (Say), 60 PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 3, MAR, 1927 umbrosus Fall; Microbregma emarginatum (Duftschmid); Try- popitys sericeus (Say); Priobium eichhoffi Seidlitz; Coelostethus notatus (Say); Dendrobium pertinax Linnaeus; Sitodrepa panicea (Linnaeus); Nevermannia dorcatomoides Fisher; Vriletta ex- pansa LeConte; Ernobius punctulatus (LeConte), E. pallitarsis Fall, E. granulatus LeConte, E. abietinus Gyllenhal, E. mollis Linnaeus; Xy/etinus fucatus LeConte; Oligomerus sericans (Mel- sheimer); Nicobium castaneum Olivier; Trichodesma klagesi Fall; Eutylistus facilis Fall; Dorcatoma dresdensis Herbst, D. setu- losum WeConte; Caenocara oculata (Say); Ptilinus ruficornts Say, P. basalis LeConte, P. pectinicornis Linnzeus, P. fuscus Geoffroy. LITERATURE.} Munro, J. W. 1915. The larvae of the Anobiidae and Lyctidae. Proc. Royal Physical Soc. Edinburgh, Vol. 19, p. 220-236; 2 pl. (Important key and descriptions with many new characters.) Kemner, N. A. 1915. De ekonomiskt viktiga vedgnagande Anobierna. Meddel. Nr. 108, Centralanst. for forsdksvis. pa jordbruksomradet. Entomol. avd. Nr. 19. Stockholm, 1915. 45 p., 33 figs. (Description of Anobiid-larvae in general; discussion of the number of antennal joints in the family; the alimentary canal and symbiotic yeast-fungi; key to the larvae of Anobium striatum Oliv., Dendrobium pertinax Lin., Xestobium rufovillosum DeGeer., Ernobius mollis Lin. and Ptilinus pectinicornis Lin.; on pp. 44-45 a list of literature.) Kemner, N. A. 1916. Nagra nya eller mindre kanda skade-djur pa frukttrad etc. Medd. Nr. 133, Centralanst. for fors6ksviis. pa jordbruksomradet. Entomol. avd. Nr. 25. Stockholm, 1916, 21 p., 12 figs. (Anobium rufipes Fabr.) Bovine, A. G. 1919. Description of larva of Lasioderma serricorne Fab.—In “‘ The Tobacco beetle: an important pest in tobacco products,” by G. A. Runner, Bull. No. 737, Professional paper, U. S. Dept. of Agric. pp. 12-14, Pl. I, Figs. 1-7. Saatas, Uunio. 1923. Die Fichtenkifer Finnlands. II Specieller Teil 2 und L.arvenbe- stimmungstabelle; Annales academiae scientiarum Fennicae. Ser. A. Tom. XXII. No. 1. Helsinki 1923. (Characterizations of Anobiid-larvae, key to the following species: Ernobius explanatus Mann, Ernobius abietis Fabr., Anobium (Dendrobium) pertinax Lin., Anobium thomsoni Kraatz, Anobium rufipes Fabr., Anobium striatum Oliv., Anobium emarginatum Duft., Dorcatoma dresdensis Herbst; on pp. 189-230 and 723-726 a com- plete list of literature.) TRAGARDH, JVAR. 1924. Trignagare-Studier. Meddelandan fran Statens Skogsférséksan- 1The paper by J. W. Munro was unknown to me until my article was in proof.—A. G. B: PLATE 3 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29 62 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 3, MAR., 1927 stalt. Hafte 21.Nr.8. (Biology of six Swedish species of genus Ernobius; list of literature.) EXPLANATION OF PLATE. (Drawings by the author.) 1. Epipharynx and antenna: eph, epipharynx; h, epipharyngeal horn; j, the only antennal joint; ta, tactile appendix. 2. Labrum, clypeus, epistoma and antenna: abm, basal membrane of antenna; cl, clypeus; epi, epistoma; f, frons; !ab, labrum. 3. Head capsule: dorsal view. 4, Ventral mouthparts, ventral view: ap, apical papilla of labial palpus; ca, cardo; ch, postlabial chitinization; eu, eulabium; 1, inner lobule of maxil- lary mala, li, ligula; ma, maxillary mala; mt, mentum; 0, outer lobule of maxillary mala; sm, submentum; st, stipes maxillaris; sty, stylus maxil- laris; 1, 2, 3, the three joints of maxillary palpus. . Left mandible, ventral view. . Right mandible, dorsal view. . Larva, habitus from the side: ps, pre-scutum; ssl, scuto-scutellum; I-III, thoracic segments; 1-10, abdomina! segments. 8. Ventral mouthparts, buccal view: ap, apical papilla of labial palpus; gl, glossa; hyp, hypopharynx; li, ligula; ma, mala; ten, tentorum. 9. Mesothoracic left leg: co, coxa; fe, femur; hc, hypopleural chitinization; ta, claw; ti, tibia. 10. Abdominal spiracle: atr, atrium; cla, closing apparatus with two short arms; 0, mouthpiece of spiracle; s, thickening of frame; t, taenidium. 11. Tenth abdomina! segment: a, anal opening; af, median fold extending for- ward from anal opening; al, lobe in front of anus; r1, anterior wide por- Pat SIN tion of rectum; r?, posterior narrow portion of rectum ending with anus; T, tenth abdominal segment. Jane 35 1927. ASG: Be AN ANIMAL CENSUS OF TWO PASTURES AND A MEADOW IN NORTHERN NEW YORK.! By Georce N. Wo tcort. A census of the insects and other small invertebrates from one hundred square feet of grassland on Merrimac fine sandy loam, near Barneveld, New York, was made between April and October, 1919, by collecting all those found in one square foot each day. A strong pail, thirteen and one-quarter inches in diameter (which covers an area of one square foot), with handle attached to the bottom and a hole with screw cover in the center of the bottom, but with a sharp cutting edge around the top, was the only special apparatus used. Armed with this pail, a large knife, forceps, hand-lens, ether, cyanide jar and newspapers, one was ready to begin operations. The pail was 1(Summary of a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a doctorate degree granted in June, 1925, by Cornell University.) PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 3, MAR., 1927 63 placed swiftly over the selected area with the weight of the inves- tigator on top, to force the cutting edges of the pail through the vegetation and into the soil. The knife was used for cutting around the outside of the pail so that it would sink deeper into the soil, to a depth of three or four inches. Ether was then introduced through the hole in the bottom—now uppermost— of the inverted pail during the temporary removal of the screw cover. The vegetation for several inches around the pail was cleared away, so as to clearly mark the area when the pail was removed, the pail taken up, and all the animals that it had covered were collected to a depth of a foot in the soil. A total of 6,843 invertebrates were collected from the hun- dred square feet. Of the more important scavenger inverte- brates, there were 111 earthworms, 125 snails or slugs, nearly half of which were Vallonia excentrica Sterki, 123 sowbugs, Porcellia rathkei Brandt., and 623 millipedes, 612 of which were Fulus caeruleocinctus Wood. 470 spiders, half of them very small Erigonids, and 94 Pirata minutus, but including quite a number of larger species, and 174 mites, most of them //lo- thrombium spp., or Gamasid nymphs, and oiten attached to the host insect, were collected. The 93 springtails, Tomocerus flavescens Tullberg, which feed on decaying organic matter and fungi, were as insignificant in size as the 74 thrips, He/iothrips graminis Hood, that were found on daisy flowers. But the 69 grasshoppers, of nine species, and the 127 crickets, Gry/lus assimilis Fabr., and Nemobius vittatus Harris, formed a fifth, by weight, of all the insects. Of the 121 Hemiptera, nearly half were Geocoris uliginosus limbatus Stal, a small insect of uncertain habits, but reputed to be pre- daceous. Over half of the 61 froghoppers were PAilaenus spu- marius Linn., notable because it was the only general pest of weeds noted. 1027 leafhoppers (or 447,371 per acre) were col- lected, of fourteen species. Of these, nearly half were Acu- cephalus striatus Linn., one-sixth Acucephalus albifrons Linn., and a tenth each Xestocephalus pulicarius Van D., and Agallia 4-punctata Provancher. But despite the numerical abundance of the leafhoppers, they formed, even where most abundant, only a twelfth by weight of all insects, and only a fortieth in the pasture with the scantiest vegetation. About half of the 124 aphids were aerial in habit; most of the subterranean ones were attended by a single species of ant, Lasius aphidicola Walsh. 66 Noctuid larvae, in numbers formed two-fifths of all the Lepidoptera collected, and by bulk a much larger part. It is estimated that the most abundant species, Fe/tia venerabilis Walker, devoured nearly half of all the white clover eaten by all the insects specifically feeding on this plant. The 22 Threviid larvae and the 15 maggots of the crane-fly, Pachyrhina ferruginea Fabr., occurring most often in the soil 64 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 3, MAR., 1927 of the pastures, and the 42 larvae of the clover-seed midge, Dasyneura leguminicola Lintner, were possibly the most im- portant of the 222 Diptera collected. 17 species of Carabid beetles and over 22 species of Staphy- linids were found in the grassland, besides 83 Elaterid larvae or adults, mostly Me/anotus sp., and 25 Cantharids, mostly larvae of Telephorus bilineatus Say. Only one-twenty-fourth of the 623 beetles (excepting the Curculionidae) collected are definitely known to be harmful to the grass or clover, the others being beneficial or neutral, or in the case of the wireworms, de- pendent on attending circumstances as to their status. How- ever, the 25 members of the Coleopterous genus Lachnosterna, which numerically were such a small fraction, by weight con- stitute half of the beetle population. Of the beneficial beetles, 177 were of a small black Chrysomelid, Phaedon aeruginosus Suffrian, which here fed on Veronica, a pretty little pasture weed. Of the 515 Curculionidae, or weevils, most were species with subterranean larvae, and included many specimens of Sitona hispidulus Fabr., and Sitona flavescens Marsham, the adults of which feed on clover. There were 53 individuals of the larger clover-leaf beetle, Hypera punctata Fabr., besides 23 Phytonomus spp., and 19 specimens of Tychius picirostris Fabr , which also, both as larva and adult, feeds on clover. In one of the pastures the white clover eaten by these Curculionids and the clover cutworms amounted to a third as much as the cows ate, and if to this is added what other insects with less specialized feeding habits may have eaten, it totals half of what the cows ate. In the other pasture, where there were fewer cows, and more grasshoppers and crickets, it is estimated that the insects ate as much of the available clover as the cows did. 7 Ophion bilineatus Say, a parasite of the Noctuid cutworms, and 1 Tiphia transversa Say, were the largest of the 40 Hymen- optera, exclusive of the ants. In point of numbers, 1,782 for the hundred square feet, the ants exceeded any other form of animal life. The common ants were Brachymyrmex depilis Emery, Myrmica emeryana Forel and Lasius americanus Emery, and being either largely or entirely scavengers, their occurrence in such large numbers was possible only because of their small size. The robin, Merula migratoria Linn., was twice as abundant in these grasslands as all the other birds combined. A com- parison of what it ate forty years ago in Illinois, as determined by Prof. S. A. Forbes, and what was available for the insect portion of its food in the meadow-pasture area in New York, shows in the general outline, a most striking similarity. It indicates that the robin eats every insect of reasonable size that is present in the closely grazed pastures that are its preferred PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 3, MAR., 1927 65 hunting grounds. The exceptions were the Carabid and His- terid beetles, of which it ate vastly more, and the Elaterids, of which it ate many less, in proportion to the other insects present at Barneveld. To determine how much of the economic grasses and clovers the larger or more abundant phytophagous insects noted in the pastures were eating, it became necessary to conduct feeding experiments, the results of which have previously been pub- lished. Expressing these data in terms of the weight of the insects themselves made possible direct comparisons with what the cows were obtaining from the pastures. Surprisingly enough, it was found that where there were few cows in the pasture, the insects ate more of the grasses and clovers than the cows did. Indeed, the cows obtained a larger share of the pasturage only when they kept the pasture so short that it afforded scanty protection for the crickets, grasshoppers and leafhoppers, and was more attractive to the robins, who foraged there in greater numbers and further reduced the number of insects. The pastures examined were not exceptional or abnormal, but a fair average of those present for miles around, yet the grasses and clovers constituted only a third of the total vegetation, the other two-thirds being weeds, over half of which the cows would not eat. The insects feeding on the weeds constituted only a third as many as those feeding on the grasses and clovers, and most of them were insignificant in size. The insects specifically feeding on the distinctive meadow plants of economic value, the orchard grass and red clover, which did not grow in the pastures, were so scarce it seems fair to as- sume that lack of soil fertility was apparently the limiting factor preventing their crowding out the weeds. The single mowing of the meadow removed only a small portion of the plant tissue produced, and here the plant scavengers, the millipedes, sow- bugs, snails and slugs, flourished in greatest abundance. The results obtained are somewhat tentative and preliminary to serve as a basis for outlining any specific measure for improv- ing the ordinary agricultural practices in the handling of pas- tures and meadows, but when the amount and seriousness of losses to the farmer can be clearly demonstrated, the problem of the elimination of such losses can be more intelligently at- tacked and a solution discovered. BIBLIOGRAPHY. 1880. Forses, S. A.—The food of birds. IIl. State Lab. Nat. Hist. Bull. 1: 80-148. 1925. Wotcortt, Geo. N. 66 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 3, MAR., 1927 TWO EUROPEAN SAWFLIES OF THE GENUS EMPHYTINA FOUND IN THE UNITED STATES (HYM.). By S. A. Rouwer, Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. A study of specimens of certain sawflies of the genus Emphy- tina establishes the fact that at least two species of this genus occur in both Europe and North America. The names assigned to these two forms are different in the two countries and the following notes on synonymy indicate the names which should be suppressed. Both of the species discussed in this note are associated with cultivated plants. Emphytina tener pupates in the end of pruned twigs of apple and other plants and E. pallipes feed in the larval stage on the leaves of violet. Emphytina tener (Fallén). Tenthredo tener FALLEN, Svensk. Vet-Akad. Handl., vol. 29, 1808, p. 109, n. 44. Allantus (Emphytina) tener Fallén, Ensiry, Deutsch. Ent. Zeit., 1914, Beiheft, p. 238. Simplemphytus pacificus MacGiuivray, Can. Ent., vol. 46, 1914, p. 363. Emphytina vanduzeei Rouwer, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 49, 1915, p. 205. The above synonymy is based on a study of European speci- mens determined as fener Fallén by Konow and Enslin, on specimens of pacificus MacGillivray from the type-locality, and on the type of vanduzeei Rohwer. In connection with this study specimens from the following localities have also been examined: New Haven, Connecticut, May 29, 1916, B. H. Walden; Hartford, Connecticut, May 9, 1916, I. N. Gabrielson; Lynn, Massachusetts, May 27, 1920; Lexington, Massachusetts, July 27, 1919; Linglestown, Pennsylvania, June 14, 1920, J. N. Knull; Columbus, Ohio, April 9, 1920, A. E. Miller; Madison, Wisconsin, specimens obtained from Manetti Rose stock from Europe, April 10, 1923; Seattle, Washington, August 25, 1923, @.) V2 Piper, “dead on! ibeantleaves. Emphytina pallipes (Spinola). Tenthredo pallipes Sr1noua, Insect. Ligur. vol. 2, 1808, p. 19. Emphytus pallidipes (Spinola) Datta Torre, Cat. Hymen., vol. 1, 1894, p. 119. Emphytus ‘grossulariae (Klug), Konow, Genera Insectorum, fasc. 29, 1905, p. 106. Allantus (Emphytina) pallipes (Spinola) Ensirn, Die Tenthredinoidea Mitte- leutopas, Deutsch. Entom. Zeit. 1914, Beiheft, p. 238. Emphytus pallipes ProvancueEr, Nat. Can., vol. 10, 1878, p. 66; Fauna entom. Canada, Hymen., 1883, p. 192—Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 8, 1880, p. 38.—Konow, Genera Jnsectorum, fas. 29, 1905, p. 106. (not Spinola). Emphytus canadensis Kirsy, List Hymen. Brit. Mus., vol. 1, 1882, p. 204 (new name for pallipes Provancher not Spinola).—Cresson, Synop. Hymen. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 3, MAR., 1927 67 Amer., Trans. Amer Ent. Soc., 1887, p. 160.—Datia Torre, Cat. Hymen., vol. 1, 1894, p. 114.—CurrrenpDen, Bull. 27, n. s. Bur. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agric., 1901, pp. 26-35, figs. 7 and 8. Ametastegia (Emphytina) canadensis (Kirby) Rouwer, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 41, 1911, p. 402, figs. 7 and 8. Recently Dr. James Waterson of the British Museum for- warded three specimens of a species of Emphytina which were collected in England. In transmitting these specimens Water- son stated that the larva of this species feeds on violet and that he could find no salient differences between it and the published account of Emphytina canadensis. He added that the species, ““runs down to E. pallipes, Spin., a species which for a long time, under the name gr ossulariae Kl. was supposed to be a pest of gooseberry.” These specimens are Emphytina canadensis (Kirby) as treated by me in 1911 and agree in saw characters with the specimens reared by Dyar from larvae feeding on the leaves of Viola tricolor, the saw of which is illustrated in figure 7. When I examined Provancher’s type of pallipes in 1915 I noted that it agreed with my 1911 treatment of canadensis but failed to note which form of saw the type had. A comparison of specimens of canadensis with specimens from Germany determined by Konow as grossulariae failed to reveal any differences except in the color of the legs. The specimens from Germany have the legs entirely pale except the bases of the coxae while the specimens of canadensis agree with the speci- mens from Kngland (forwarded by Waterson) in having the apices of the’ hind femora, tibiae and the tarsi more or less blackish. Enslin indicates that there is some variation in the color of the legs, and since no other differences exist there is no doubt that the "American and European specimens represent the same species. The above synonymy gives the more important American references but does not include all of the European literature or synonymy as this has been given by Enslin and others. ON THE SYNONYMY OF A LEAF MINING SAWEPLY. By S. A. Rouwer, Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. The folowing note synonymizing Metallus bethunei MacGilli- vray with Metallus rubi Forbes will be useful to students of insects injurious to blackberries. Metallus rubi Forbes Metallus rubi Forses, 14th Rept. State Entom. Illinois, for 1884, 1885, p. 87, pl. 9, fig. 7—MacGitiivray, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., vol. 2, no. 4, 1910, pp. 268-269; Conn. Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey, Bull. 22 (1916), 1917, p. 160.— Yuasa, Ill. Bio. Monographs, vol. 7, 1922, p. 99. — 68 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 3, MAR., 1927 Fenusa rubi (Forbes) Cresson, Synops Hymen. N. America, 1887, p. 160.— Datta Torre, Catol. Hymen., vol. 1, 1894, p. 157—Konow, Gen. In- sectorum, fasc. 29, 1905, p. 90. Scolioneura capitalis (Norton) Houcuron (in part), Entom. News, vol. 19, 1908, pp. 212-216. Metallus bethunei MacGt.uivray, Can. Ent., vol. 46, 1914, p. 366; Conn. Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey, Bull. 22 (1916), 1917, p. 160.—?Yvasa, IIl. Biol. Mono- graphs, vol. 7, 1922, p. 99. (The larva here described probably does not belong to dethunet.) Recently Derril M. Daniel of the New York Agricultural Experiment Station forwarded a number of specimens of saw- flies belonging to the genus Me¢allus for identification. These all belong to the group which MacGillivray has divided into two species, rubi and bethunei, on differences in the foveolation of the head and the shape of the outline of the sheath. One lot of six specimens collected June 25, 1923, at Jordan, Ontario, by W. A. Ross, exhibited considerable variation in the foveola- tion of the head. Some specimens had the median fovea large while in others it was small. Some specimens had the postocel- lar and interocellar furrows as described for dethunei while others agreed with the description of rubz. There was no correlation in these differences. The shape of the outline of the sheath was also somewhat variable and these variations could not be asso- ciated with the differences in foveolation of the head. It seemed from a study of this lot of specimens that the differences between bethunei and rubi that were pointed out by MacGillivray were variable. An examination of other specimens in the collection of the National Museum supported this view. At my request Dr. T. H. Frison examined the types of rubi and bethunei and failed to find any differences other than those set forth by MacGillivray. He forwarded to the National Collection a male and female paratype of dethunei and these have been com- pared with specimens determined as rubi by MacGillivray. No characters by which the series of specimens can be separated into species were found and it seems fairly certain that the name bethunei was proposed for individual variants. Metallus be- bethunei MacGillivray is considered a synonym of Metallus rubi Forbes. Yuasa, in studying the larvae of species belonging to the genus Metallus, found what appear to be fairly satisfactory differences between specimens he called dethunei and specimens labeled rubi. If the larvae studied by Yuasa were correctly associated with correctly identified adults it would seem as though the larvae have a wider range of variation than do the adults. Derrill Daniel reports (in letter dated Jan. 19, 1927) that larvae from Vineland, Ontario, associated with adults of MZ. dethunet agree with larvae from Fredonia, New York, associated with PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 3, MAR., 1927 69 adults of M. ruéi; and that both lots of larvae agree with both Forbes’ and Yuasa’s descriptions of the larvae of ruéz and do not agree in any particular with the characters used by Yuasa for bethunei. The material studied by Daniel ranged from second or third instar to fully matured specimens. It seems fairly certain that the larva described by Yuasa as Metallus bethunei is based on a misidentification. A NOTE ON THE COLEOPTEROUS GENUS ASERICA (MELOLON- THINAE). By Gitsert J. Arrow, Assistant Keeper, Dept. of Entomology, British Museum. An outbreak of the Japanese beetle I described in 1913 as Autoserica castanea having recently occurred in the New York district, the suggestion has been made that the species might be identical with that named Serica japonica by Motschulsky in 1860. As the correct designation of the insect has become of special importance, the types of S. japonica Mots. and S. orientalis Mots. have been sent to me for comparison by the kindness of Mr. B. Kuzin, of the Zoological Museum, Uni- versity of Moscow. The former proves to belong to a species quite distinct from 4. castanea Arrow. Serica japonica was named by Lewis as the type of his genus Aserica in 1895, but the specimens so identified by him, which are now in the British Museum collection, do not belong to the species, appearing to be that later described by Brenske as Autoserica secreta. Lewis referred to Aserica, with “a consider- able number of species hitherto included in Serica,” Serica ja- ponica and orientalis, of Motschulsky. The insect which he referred to by the latter name is correctly identified, whereas Brenske’s S. orientalis appears to me to be the true S. japonica Mots., the latter having a third tooth to the front tibia, which is absent in S. orientalis. In his Revision of the Sericini, in 1897, Brenske has placed the supposed type-species of Aserica, japonica, Mots., in his genus Autoserica, which, being later in date by two years, should obviously not have been renamed, and proposed (p. 377) to treat Aserica as a subgenus of Ausoserica, distinguished by the possession of 10-jointed antennae, but this procedure is of course not admissible. Moreover, he points out on p. 433 that the antennae in the species called japonica may be composed of nine or ten joints, or even both on different sides of the same insect. Brenske has designated no type-species of 4utoserica and it will be convenient to select his second species, piceorufa, Fairm., of which he had an actual type-specimen before him. Lewis 70 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 3, MAR., 1927 believed this species to be identical with the type-species of Aserica, but Brenske remarks that though closely similar they are not identical. It is probable, however, that his japonica is neither the japonica of Motschulsky nor that of Lewis. As to the propriety of sinking 4ufoserica as a synonym of Aserica it seems that there can be no dispute. The primary distinctive feature of the genus is found in the shortness and broadness of the hind tibia. This is very strongly marked in 4. secreta, Brsk., piceorufa, Fairm., and castanea, Arrow, but is absent in japonica, Mots., which must therefore be left in the genus Serica. The type-species of 4serica, now to be called 4. secreta, Brsk., is larger than either Serica japonica or Aserica castanea, with which it has been confused. It is similar in colour to the former and generally darker than the latter. The clypeus is much more coarsely punctured, and tumid in the middle but without any indication of a longitudinal carina, and the front margin is more strongly elevated. The synonymy of the species here referred to is as follows: ASERICA, Lewis, Ann. Mag. Na-. Hist. (6), 16, 1895, p. 394. Autoserica, Brenske, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., 1897, p. 377. castanea, Arrow, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), 12, 1913, p. 398. secreta, Brsk, op. cit., p. 431. japonica, Lewis, nec Mots., op. cit., p. 395. SERICA, Macl., Horae Ent., 1, 1819, p. 146. japonica, Mots., Etudes Ent., 1860, p. 15. orientalis, Brsk, nec Mots., op. cit., p. 429. orientalis, Mots., op. cit. salebrosa, Brsk., op..cit., p. 428. orientalis, Lewis, nec Mots., op. cit. CICADIDAE OF THE VICINITY OF WASHINGTON, D. C. By W. L. McATEE. In view of Mr. Wm. T. Davis’ annotated list of the cicadas of Virginia which includes every species known from the District of Columbia region, and gives keys for their identification, the present list is made as brief as practicable. In keeping with this policy the bibliography contains only the few titles needed to supplement the references in the Davis list, and in C. L. Marlatt’s very comprehensive work on the periodical cicada. It is appreciatively recorded also that practically all of the speci- mens upon which the present paper is based have been identi- fied by Mr. Davis. One of the species here listed (Melampsalta calliope) may be of only accidental occurrence, but the fact that three others of the eleven species catalogued are known PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 3, MAR., 1927 71 from only one definite record each would seem to indicate that these forms may have long drawn out life histories and occur by “broods,” after the manner of the periodical cicada, with the difference that only one “brood” of each may be present in this region, so that seasons when adults occur may be few and far between. TIBICEN Latreille. T. pruinosa var. winnemanna Davis.—Described from Plum- mers Id., Md., in the vicinity of which it is common and from which most of the specimens thus far known have been collected. It has been taken also at Great Falls, Va., and Washington, D. C. The season for adults extends from July 12 fo October 10; the species has been taken in copula August 22 and Sep- tember 4; rarely it is attracted to light. T. linnei De Geer—A rather uncommon species that has been collected from August 25 to October 10; generally dis- istbuted.. PT. T. canicularis Hains.—Plummers Id., Md., August 29, 1905, D. H. Clemons; one specimen labelled only D. C. T. davisi Smith and Grossbeck.—Cabin John Bridge, Md., August 23, 1914, V. Roberts. T. chloromera Walker.—This insect is abundant apparently every year; the season during which adults have been collected has as its oe dates, June 4 and October 17; it has been captured in copula July 27 and Sept. 6. P. I. T. similaris Smith and Grossbeck.—Arlington, Va., one speci- men. T. lyricen De Geer.—The variety englehardti Davis, the typi- cal variety, and intermediate forms occur sparingly; dates of collection range from June 15 to September 15; rarely comes tovlight. .P. I. T. auletes D. C. (only), August 22, 1886, T. Per- gande; Cleveland Park, D. C., August 28, 1906, August 28, 1908, E. A. Preble; Anacostia, “iby GE October ie 1915, C. M. Eskridge; Hyattsville, Md. , August 20, 1918 (teneral), E. Wells; Four-mile Run, Va. , September 1, 1913, A. Wetmore; Viresco, Va., August 26, 1914, C. R. Shoemaker. CICADA Linnaeus C. hierglyphica Say.—This cicada is known locally only from the vicinity of Great Falls, where it occurs on both sides of the Potomac River. It may be heard among the pine trees it fre- quents much more easily than collected; dates of collected specimens range from June 24 to July 12. MAGICICADA Davis. M. septendecim Vinnaeus.—The seeker for information of 72 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 3, MAR., 1927 almost any sort about this species should consult Marlatt’s extensive work, from which we learn that six distinct broods of the 17-year race are known from our region. ‘The interesting life-history of this species, its song and other features are fully treated in the same publication, supplemented by others men- tioned in the bibliography. Local records show the presence of adults in various brood years from April 1 to June 11. Ap- parently some individuals may develop more rapidly, or lag behind their broods, yielding records for the year preceding or succeeding general emergence of their brood. The small form, cassinii Fisher, called variously a race, variety, or species by different authorities, occurs here. P. I. MELAMPSALTA Kolenati. M. calliope Walker.—Near Dead Run, Va., July 9, 1915, H.S. Barber. BIBLIOGRAPHY. Barser, H. S. Eggs of Cicada lyricen De Geer. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 14 (1912) No. 4, Jan. 1913, pp: 210-211. A female from Plummers Id., Md., in captivity laid eggs in masses of 12-13 in incisions in a dry hickory twig. Davis, Wm. T. A new cicada [Homop.] from Plummers Island, Maryland. Bul. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. VIII, No. 1, Oct. 1912, pp. 2-4. Cicada winnemanna sp. n. Plummers Id., Md., July 12 to Sept. 24. Notes on song. Notes on some cicadas from the Eastern and Central United States with a description of a new variety of Cicada pruinosa. Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 23, No. 1, March 1915, pp. 1-10, Pls. 1-2 Cicada auletes Germar., D. on p- ae Cicada pruinosa var. winnemanna Davis Plummers Id., Md., p. 10, Pl. 2, fig. 4. An annotated list of the cicadas of Virginia with description of a new species. Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 30, No. 1, March, 1922, pp. 36-52, Pl. 4. Records four species and one variety from the D. C. region. HE.1DEMANN, OrrTo. [Capture of Tettigia hierogly phica Say]. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., VII, No. 4 (1905) 1906, pp. 191-192. Martartrt, C. L. The Periodical Cicada. Bul. 71, U. S. Bureau of Entomology, 1907, 181 pp., 6 Pls., 68 figs. Digest of literature and very full bibliography. McATEE, Winnie Apundanee of periodical cicadas diverting attacks of birds from cultivated fruits. The Auk, 37, No. 1, Jan. 1920, pp. 144-145. The periodic: al cicada, 1919: "brief notes for the District of Columbia region. Proc. Ent. Soc.. Wash., Vol. 23, No. 9, Dec. 1921, pp. 211-213. Contains references to previous articles on the same brood by H. A. Allard and R. A. St. George. Actual date of publication, April 21, 1927. VOL, 29 APRIL, 1927 No. 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AV \QOUNIAR iid |, SRW Oy x MAY 29 1997 KENTOMOLOGICAL SOQGLETY “ONAL M OF WASHINGTON s CONTENTS COTTON, R. T.—A CALENDRID WEEVIL VISITOR FROM JAPAN. ..... . 93 GAHAN, A. B.—A NEW SPECIES OF SYNTOMASPIS. ............ 99 MALLOCH, J. R—DESCRIPTIONS OF A NEW GENUS AND THREE NEW SPECIES OF DS UEsT ES RUA ato or gy ci feng Vani, (ROMMEL at Mtr os WAIT Ate yA TRY sect A 0 6 un Ra paca 9 // MC ATEE, W. L.—NOTES ON INSECT INHABITANTS OF BIRD HOUSES. .. . 87 MORRILL, A. W.—DESCRIPTION OF A NEW COTTON INFESTING SPECIES OF BU CAIHAUIER TSXanr a Mr athena ame tne See ML Pour a) At Rae, Vai Reem OA SCHAUS, W.—NEW SPECIES OF LEPIDOPTERA FROM SOUTH AMERICA. .. . 73 SHANNON, RAYMOND C.—A NEW GENUS AND FIVE NEW SPECIES OF SYRPHI- DAE MMROMPAUSMRATTAUE ita. Monica tombe, aU Tete ew ey et. BD PusiisHED MontHiy Excepr Jury, Aucust AND SEPTEMBER BY THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON, D. C. Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D. C., under Act of August 24, 1912. Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized July 3, 1918. THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON OrGanizeD Marcu 12, 1884. The regular meetings of the Society are held in the National Museum on the first Thursday of each month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 p. M. Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00. Members are entitled to the ProcrEpinGs and any manuscript submitted by them is given precedence over any submitted by non-members. OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1927. FLON OV GTN ERT ESIG Ent same) Fok taut e ee E. A. SCHWARZ IPHEStd eT tg Meee Re ay to ca es ee lie Jj. Ay HY¥SEOPR JORGE WSO ETESHIGTE So GO 6 ec ee ja Ja. GRA aaa! I WEOS REGIE 5 5 0 oo 6 uo > S a vo 0 0 t A. C. BAKER (RECOTAINZNSCCHELATN «| fo, 0s) CO ee Ee ne Cee J. S. WADE Comesponaing Secretary-Treasurer. 29. vo eee S. A. ROHWER U.S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. ATOT! Rise a se ee kode BP a ee ee W. R. WALTON Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Executive Committee: THe Orricers and C. T. Greene, A. N. CAupbeE Lt, T. E. Snyper. Representing the Society as a Vice-President of the Washington Academy of SCLENCES! + Bs te ee OS Se, es eee A. G. BOVING PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON. Published monthly, except July, August and September, by the Society at Washington, D. C. Terms of subscription: Domestic, $4.00 per annum; foreign, $4.25 per annum; recent single numbers, 50 cents, foreign postage extra. All subscriptions are payable in advance. Remittances should be made payable to the Entomological Society of Washington. An author of a leading article in the ProceEpinGs will be given 10 copies of the number in which his article appears. Reprints without covers will be fur- nished at the following rates, provided a statement of the number desired accompanies the manuscript: 4 pp. 8 pp. 12 pp. 16 pp. 50 copies 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 100 copies 2.25 4.50 6.75 9.00 Certain charges are made for illustrations and there are available rules and suggestions governing the make-up of articles. Immediate publication in any number may be obtained at the author’s expense. All manuscripts should be sent to the Editor. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON VOL.29 APRIIG 1927 No. 4 NEW SPECIES OF LEPIDOPTERA FROM SOUTH AMERICA. By W. Scuaus, Bureau of Entomology. RHOPALOCERA. Family RIODINIDAE. Calydna hemis, new species. Body fuscous; abdomen with some lateral white scaling, also white ventrally with fuscous irrorations. Wings fuscous, shaped as in C. caprina Hew.., cilia white on curves. Fore wing: a postmedial ochraceous orange band from sub- median to vein 3, above 3 a small spot slightly outset from which a faint line extends upward; a small tawny spot below vein 2 edged with black. Hind wing with an irregular postmedial tawny band not extending above vein 6, nor reaching inner margin. Wings below white thickly striated with coarse fuscous striae. Fore wing: small black antemedial spots in and below cell, similar medial spots, and a black line before the orange yellow band; post- medial space suffused with brown. Hind wing: antemedial black spots on costa and below cell at vein 2; postmedial space whiter owing to fewer striae; the tawny markings not present; a fuscous patch at apex. Expanse 27 mm. Habitat.—Santa Catharina, Brazil. iyfe—Cat. Nor 33187, US) N. M, HETEROCERA. Family AMATIDAE. Mesotheu zenobia, new species. Male——Palpi yellow; frons white; vertex black with white line between antennae; collar and thorax fuscous, the former crossed by a naples yellow line, the latter with a similar lateral line expanding on metathorax. Abdomen fuscous at base with subdorsal triangular naples yellow spots, otherwise dorsally iridescent deep neutral gray with black segmental lines; underneath cream color with fine black segmental lines; legs naples yellow, the fore and mid tibiae fuscous. Wings hyaline faintly pale brown, the termen finely and cilia fuscous; veins black; a naples yellow line above subcostal of fore wing, and a similar short streak at base of inner margin. Expanse 20 mm. Habitat—Santa Catharina, Brazil. ivpe.—Cat.. No: 33188, U.S: N.M. 74 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 4, APR., 1927 In another specimen segment 6 of abdomen is dorsally naples yellow. Holophaea erharda, new species. Female-—Body black. Fore wing dark silky green, the veins black. Hind wing duller, the costa suffused with brownish olive. Expanse 28-32 mm. Habitat—Santa Catharina, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 33189, U. S. N. M. Family ARCTIIDAE. Hemihyalea camposi, new species. Male—Antennae wood brown. Palpi and head ocher red; some white scales between antennae. Collar and thorax buckthorn brown; a broad white band on front of collar and shoulders. Abdomen above geranium pink, the two last segments with grayish segmental lines, the anal claspers with white and salmon color hairs. Throat and femora ocher red; fore legs mouse gray fringed with white; mid and hind legs white; mid tarsi mouse gray. Wings hyaline, white. Fore wing: costa and base of inner margin light pinkish cinnamon; cilia light pinkish cinnamon tipped with cinnamon drab. Expanse 60 mm. Habitat—Azogues, Ecuador. Type.—Cat:. No. 33190, U.S. Ni M: Named for Prof. Campos, who discovered the species. Amastus aphraates, new species. Male—Palpi crimson above, light drab laterally. Head and thorax raw sienna, the tegulae dorsally fringed with light drab. Abdomen cinnamon buff, the long dorsal hairs buff pink. Thorax below vinaceous tawny, the tibiae and tarsi white. Fore wing semihyaline irrorated with vinaceous fawn, the margins well scaled, fawn color; veins fawn color slightly darker on disco- cellular; a subterminal light vinaceous fawn line. Hind wings semihyaline white, the inner margin suffused with light vinaceous fawn. Expanse 51 mm. Habitat—Tucuman, Argentina. Type.—Cat. No. 33191, U.S. N. M. Amastus ferrera, new species. Female—Head and body saccardo’s umber; thorax and metathorax with tufts of jasper pink hairs, those on metathorax becoming drab and reaching middle of abdomen, the latter having drab segmental lines; some sublateral red spots. Hairs below eyes and on fore legs brick red. Fore wing sayal brown defined by fine black lines; an antemedial broad, outcurved black line, its outer edge dentate, lunular; double medial and postmedial, outcurved on costa, then inbent, filled in with drab, a similar double outer line, its outer PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 4, APR., 1927 ri) edge incurved on interspaces; subterminal line drab, dentate. Hind wing semihyaline suffused with avellaneous, more thickly scaled on termen; a darker line on discocellular. Expanse 47 mm. Habitat—Tucuman, Argentina. Type.—Cat. No. 33192, U. S. N. M. Near 4. maculicincta Hamps. Halisidota ramona, new species. Female —Head and thorax avellaneous; third joint of palpi black. Abdomen above cinnamon buff; body below avellaneous. Fore wing avellaneous, the inner margin narrowly fuscous; three broad transverse darker bands with slightly darker edges, the antemedial almost vertical, the medial slightly inbent, the postmedial still more inbent, suffusing at costa with a terminal wood brown shade which becomes narrower at vein 2, expanding very slightly at tornus. Hind wing white, the outer half faintly suffused with pale orange yellow, more pronounced on inner margin. Expanse 60 mm. Habitat—Santa Catharina, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 33193, U. S. N. M. Halisidota mailula, new species. Male—Antennae moderately pectinated. Head and thorax vinaceous buff; palpi wood brown; metathorax and base of abdomen whitish buff, the abdomen otherwise dorsally ochraceous buff. Fore wing light buff irrorated with light drab; a small hair brown streak on discocellular between veins 3 and 4; a very fine wavy hair brown postmedial line outcurved beyond cell, closely followed by short double vertical streaks on interspaces; a more remote series of small inangled lines on interspaces; termen with fine oval lines on interspaces, some of them broken. Hind wing white; a few drab points at apex and terminally between veins 2 and 3; a short hair brown streak on termen below vein 6. Underside similar, the markings a little less pronounced. Expanse 40 mm. Habitat—Tucuman, Argentina. iype.—Cat. No: 33194, U.S. IN. M. Halisidota pohli, new species. Male—Antennae shortly pectinated. Palpi light buff; a hair brown streak laterally near upper edge downbent at tip of second joint to front; the third joint hair brown in front. Head, thorax and long dorsal hairs on abdomen yellow ocher; abdomen dorsally light drab. Body underneath whitish buff. Fore wing warm buff, the interspaces beyond cell light buff, the veins warm buff; some scattered drab scales, suffusing and forming an inbent antemedial line; a similar postmedial line irregular and outcurved close to cell, joined by a similar subterminal shade from costa to vein 6, then forming a vague dentate 76 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 4, APR., 1927 warm buff line; marginal inangled hair brown lines on interspaces. Hind wing white, the inner margin suffused with maize yellow. Expanse 45 mm. ghia saa Paulo, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 33195, U. S. N. M. Can be placed next to H. eudolobata Hamps. Calidota hadesia, new species. Male-—Head and body black; an orange point behind antenna, and a smaller point near shoulder; abdomen with large lateral, and smaller sublateral orange yellow spots. Fore wing black. Hind wing white from within cell to near inner margin and to just beyond middle, otherwise black. Expanse 67 mm. Habitat—Molinas, Paraguay. Type.—Cat. No. 33196, U. S. N. M. Allied to C. leucocorypha Dogn., which has a creamy white vertex, and the yellow lateral spots almost meeting dorsally. Acyclania schadei, new species. Male—Head and body black. Palpi below, hair around eyes, on femora, at base of abdomen laterally, and anal hair light coral red; some white hairs on head, and long white hairs on fore and mid tibiae; collar and tegulae largely overlaid with broad light grayish olive scales, suffused with roseate. Fore wing dark grayish olive irrorated with black scales; orbicular and reniform edged with white, both surmounted by white patches on costa, the reniform divided into three spots by white; vague double antemedial and postmedial black lines somewhat macular; veins towards termen grayish; a deep marginal dentate line, angled at each interspace and at tips of veins cutting a double white ter- minal line. Hind wing black; a double white terminal line interrupted by veins. Expanse 45 mm. Habitat——Molinasque, Paraguay. Type.—Cat. No. 33197, U. S. N. M. Allied to 4. tenebrosa Dogn. but smaller and darker. Family SATURNIIDAE. Hylesia sorana, new species. Male—Head and thorax cinnamon drab. Abdomen above black, the anal hairs cinnamon buff. Body below cinnamon buff; tarsi hair brown. Fore wing avellaneous suffused with vinaceous fawn; antemedial line faint, slightly darker, outbent from costa; outer line rather fine, light brownish olive, very slightly curved at costa, then straight to inner margin at two-thirds from base, the space beyond to termen slightly tinged with olivaceous; subterminal line sinuous light vinaceous fawn, a darker shade at discocellular. Hind wing vinaceous fawn almost entirely suffused with drab; a postmedial dark grayish PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 4, APR., 1927 rm olive, slightly curved line, and traces of a narrow subterminal dark shade. Wings below mostly light pinkish cinnamon with a dark outer line. Expanse 37 mm. Habitat—Sao Paulo, Brazil. Pype— Cat: No: 33198, U. S/N. M. Hylesia munonia, new species. Male—Head and collar dark vinaceous brown. Thorax dark grayish brown mottled with ochraceous tawny hairs. Abdomen cinnamon. ‘Tarsi and tibiae hair brown. Fore wing dark vinaceous drab, the costa beyond middle light vinaceous drab, and a similar broad subterminal shade reaching termen below vein 4 to tornus; some white hairs on costa antemedially, and traces of a light buff broken and irregular line; some light vinaceous drab scaling above a diffuse dark patch over the discocellular and some light scaling before the outer line, chiefly on inner margin; outer line slightly incurved, mars brown, outwardly edged with tawny olive. Hind wing: costa and terminal area light brownish drab; discal area fawn color largely covered with dark vinaceous drab hairs; a dark double line at discocellular; postmedial line dark slightly curved at costa; a subterminal dark shade. Fore wing below cinnamon drab, the terminal area and inner margin light drab; a dark outer line. Hind wing below light ochra- ceous salmon, the veins fawn color; a fawn color outer line. Expanse 40 mm. Habitat—Sao Paulo, Brazil. Mvpe— Cat. No. 93199, Ui SNE Not like any described species. Family GEOMETRIDAE. Berberodes pohli, new species. Male—Frons and shaft of antennae cinnamon brown; vertex and collar dresden brown; abdomen dorsally white at base, then pinkish buff; a hair brown patch on anal segment; lateral tufts pinkish buff and silvery white. Wings iridescent white, the lines and striae on terminal area vinaceous buff. Fore wing: costa cinnamon brown shading to yellow ocher at apex; lines fine vertical; the antemedial from median to inner mergin, the medial from costa, the postmedial formed by disconnected striae. Hind wing: no antemedial line, the medial and postmedial slightly curved; inner margin suffused with light buff and with silvery white scales. Expanse 28 mm. Habitat—Sao Paulo, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 33200, U.S. N. M. Described from a male and a female. Berberodes serraria, new species. Female—Head morocco red with two white points on each side of frons; body white with dorsal black points on abdomen, a sublateral point on second 78 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 4, APR., 1927 segment, and black irrorations towards anal segments. Wings iridescent white; deep mouse gray striae partly with black points on terminal area; medial and postmedial black points on veins in sinuous formation. Fore wing: costa deep chrome with black striae; antemedial points on veins; cilia of both wings pale orange yellow. Wings below white, the termen dark mouse gray, preceded by a few striae. Expanse 26 mm. Habitat—Alto da Serra, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Type.—Cat, No. 33201, U. S. N. M. Pyrinia sabasia, new species. Female—Body warm buff. Wings maize yellow thickly striated with ochra- ceous salmon, the cilia russet. Fore wing: base and termen still more thickly striated; lines ochraceous tawny, the antemedial outangled below costa inwardly edged with white scales from costa to median vein, the postmedial from a little before apex outangled to termen at vein 7, then inbent, russet, inwardly shaded with ochraceous tawny, outwardly edged with silvery white scales; an ochraceous tawny line on discocellular. Hind wing: a straight line like postmedial of fore wing to inner margin just below middle. Wings below orange buff, the lines and striae mahogany red. Fore wing with costa and termen partly light orange yellow, the inner margin whitish; hind wing with a russet shade at apex. Expanse 28 mm. Habitat——Sao Paulo, Brazil. Eype.—Cat No: 33202;,U. S..N; M.- Bronchelia funeraria, new species. Male—Body drab; some white hairs on frons, across collar, on metathorax and basal segments of abdomen. Wings benzo brown, suffused with fuscous, chiefly on termen and before the lunules of the subterminal line, which is smoky white, lunular, clear white between veins 3 and 4 of both wings. Fore wing: an oblique black subbasal streak below cell; antemedial line lunular, whitish, edged outwardly by a black streak on inner margin; some white scaling on medial area, and beyond postmedial, chiefly above vein 5; a fine black streak on discocellular; postmedial line fine, fuscous, lunular, outbent from costa to vein 5, then incurved, outwardly edged with whitish, and white points on veins; cilia spotted with white. Hind wing: some white scales at base of inner margin; postmedial line almost medial, lunular at costa, below vein 6 minutely dentate preceded by small black streaks; a black shade on discocellular, some white scaling beyond it between veins 6 and 7; a terminal black line; cilia tipped with white. Wings below grayish drab with some white striae and traces of whitish lines. Expanse 60 mm. Habitat.—Villa Rica, Paraguay. Type.—Cat. No. 33203, U.S. N. M. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 4, APR., 1927 79 Alcis attracta, new species. Female——Body pale vinaceous buff; palpi laterally fuscous; head and collar in front mottled with black and wood brown; abdomen with a few dark scales, the anal segment with dark mottling. Wings whitish suffused with light pinkish cinnamon with numerous fuscous striae. Fore wing: black costal spots at origin of veins; the lines indistinct, diffuse, formed by suffusions of striae; antemedial double, slightly outcurved; medial line forming diffuse spots in and below cell; a well marked black spot on discocellular; postmedial line macu- lar, with more distinct spots at veins 6, 3, below 2, and on inner margin; a large fuscous space to termen from below vein 3 to costa, slightly mottled with sayal brown; a black spot on inner margin before tornus, and some thicker striae on termen above tornus; an interrupted terminal black line. Hind wing more evenly striated; a faint medial line from cell to inner margin; a faint discal point. Wings below with fainter striae; discal points well marked; a marginal black fascia with on fore wing a pale terminal spot from below vein 3 to vein 4, also a similar small apical spot; on hind wing with marginal fascia narrower, from apex to vein 3. Expanse 30 mm. Habitat—Alto da Serra, SAo Paulo, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 33204, U. S. N. M. Melanolophia eucheria, new species. Female——Body and wings pale olive buff; antennae with fuscous rings; palpi with a lateral fuscous spot; collar dark olive buff edged with fuscous posteriorly; abdomen with some dorsal drab shading and irrorations; legs with fuscous trans- verse streaks. Fore wing: a few scattered drab gray and fuscous irrorations; costa buffsh with numerous fuscous striae forming antemedial, medial, post- medial and subterminal spots; an antemedial diffuse narrow pinkish cinnamon vertical shade; a fuscous point at end of cell; postmedial line very fine, wavy, somewhat broken, inbent from costa to middle of inner margin, outwardly shaded with pinkish cinnamon, broadest between subcostal and vein 6, and between veins 5 and 3, below median fold by a fuscous patch; subterminal line fuscous, punctiform, followed by a fuscous black patch from vein 6 to below vein 5; otherwise shaded in places with pinkish cinnamon; small terminal fuscous lunules on interspaces; cilia fuscous at patch. Hind wing: the light drab and fuscous striae more numerous; traces of a very fine antemedial line; a postmedial pinkish cinnamon shade, surmounted by a fine black lunule on inner margin; similar shading on outer margin mottled with the fuscous striae. Wings underneath cream buff irrorated with deep neutral gray; dark points on discocellulars, and a marginal blackish band, widest on fore wing between veins 4 and 6. Fore wing: a faint postmedial line from below vein 6; the apex whitish. Expanse 40 mm. Habitat—Alto da Serra, Sdo Paulo, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 33205, U. S. N. M. Conspicuous by the absence of any well-defined lines on hind wing. 80 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 4, APR., 1927 Bryoptera phileas, new species. Male—Body white; palpi laterally velvety black; a transverse hair brown shade on collar; abdomen dorsally with segmental drab gray lines; fore legs irrorated with drab gray; fore and mid tarsi hair brown with whitish rings; throat and hair below eyes velvety black. Wings white. Fore wings: costa tinged with pale gray and with hair brown striae; veins mostly light ochraceous buff expanding into spots beyond subterminal line; a few black scales at base on costa and below cell; antemedial line finely wavy, thicker on costa, vertical; a median black streak on costa continued as a very fine and faint line across cell; postmedial line fine, black, partly broken, vertical, incurved below sub- costal, outcurved around cell and incurved near middle at submedian where it is preceded by a curved black streak; it is followed from costa by a broad light ochraceous buff shade, except between veins 4 and 6 where it is replaced by a grayish olive spot irrorated with black; subterminal line fine, black, lunu- lar; the interspaces beyond light grayish olive, but darker shaded on either side of vein 5; terminal black lunules on interspaces. Hind wing: some grayish olive irrorations on basal area and on costa; a broad fuscous black fascia across cell to inner margin below middle; a black point on discocellular; postmedial line as on fore wing, followed by a black spot between veins 4 and 6, and a downturned heavy streak before inner margin; subterminal line and terminal lunules as on fore wing; veins terminally light ochraceous buff. Wings below white slightly suffused with light buff; a broad subterminal blackish band, narrower on hind wing. Expanse 33 mm. Habitat.—Alto da Serra, Sdo Paulo, Brazil. - Type.—Cat. No. 33206, U. S. N. M. Thyrinteina schadeana, new species. Female—Body and wings white irrorated with fuscous scales; the wings faintly suffused with drab, the outer line nearer to termen than in T. arnobia Cram.; discocellular spots on both wings oval, strongly outlined with black, underside with black discal spots on both wings. Expanse 45 mm. Habitat—San Bernardino, Paraguay. Type.—Cat. No. 33207, U. S. N. M. What I consider the male from Argentina has the fore wing much narrower than arnobia, and black discal spots on under- side of both wings. Cidariophanes proteria, new species. Female—Palpi light buff mottled with drab; frons drab gray; vertex white, with a few brownish scales; collar and thorax mottled white, drab, and fuscous; abdomen above with two basal segments cinnamon, otherwise white, partly suffused with cinnamon buff, light drab and a few black scales, the large dorsal tufts chestnut brown. Body below white finely irrorated with drab gray. Fore wing whitish, largely suffused with orange citrine and darker striae; base PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 4, APR., 1927 81 fuscous limited by a broad white line, outbent from costa, bluntly angled and inbent just above median; a fine black line before middle of wing, outangled in cell, and on submedian fold, inangled on median and submedian veins; a black anullus on discocellular filled in with dark grayish olive scales; post- medial line fine, black, excurved and outbent, angled at vein 4, with a vertical lunule to vein 3, then inbent and excurved between veins; a subterminal tri- angular fuscous spot on costa with a downbent branch to vein 5, the whole rather broadly edged with white; some whitish subterminal markings between vein 3 and tornus. Hind wing whitish drab with fine hair brown striae; a small discal spot; some small postmedial spots, and a narrow subterminal dark shade. Wings below whitish buff with hair brown striae; hind wing with a short angled line from discocellular spot. Expanse 45 mm. Habitat—Tarague, Santa Catharina, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 33208, U. S. N. M. Nearest C. muscosa Dognin. Physocleora marcia, new species. Male—Palpi fuscous black. Frons fuscous. Vertex and collar brownish; thorax and abdomen tilleul buff irrorated with black, the latter with segments 3 and 4 dorsally black. Wings tilleul buff, the medial space white; a few black irrorations; terminal line black, lunular, expanding at middle of interspaces; black points on discocellulars. Fore wing: lines black, the antemedial and medial outcurved from costa to median fold, then outbent, the latter crossing the discocellular; postmedial line outcurved from costa to below vein 5, again to median fold, then outbent; outwardly followed by a wood brown shade form- ing a darker patch between veins 4 and 5; a subterminal whitish shade, partly edged outwardly with black; margin diffusely wood brown; costal margin wood brown with black spots at origin of veins. Hind wing: antemedial and medial lines slightly outcurved, the space beyond avellaneous with a diffuse whitish ‘subterminal shade. Fore wing below diffusely hair brown; base, inner margin, a postmedial fascia to vein 2, and terminal streaks above veins whitish. Hind wing below whitish, the lines as above, some scattered hair brown striae; termen narrowly hair brown. Expanse 19 mm. Habitat—Sao Paulo, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 33209, U. S: N. M. Somewhat like P. ¢ascaria Schs. but darker with more promi- nent lines. Physocleora? santosia, new species. Male—Palpi long, porrect. Body tilleul buff; palpi with lateral dark scaling near tip; frons hair brown; drab irrorations on thorax; third segment of abdo- men above hair brown. Wings tilleul buff with some hair brown irrorations; a fine terminal black line expanding into spots on interspaces. Fore wing: costa olive buff with black spots at origin of veins, and black striae between them; subterminal and medial lines extremely fine and rather indistinct; post- 82 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 4, APR., 1927 medial line punctiform followed by some small clusters of pale cinnamon scales; an incomplete dentate subterminal white line, preceded by clusters of black scales from costa to vein 5, and on inner margin; some fainter black clusters follow this line. Hind wing: traces of subbasal, antemedial and medial wavy lines, the latter preceded by a black point on discocellular, and followed by pale cinnamon shading; a faint subterminal whitish line with dark clusters of scales from costa to below vein 6. Fore wing below tilleul buff, almost entirely suffused with hair brown; a pale shade beyond cell and before postmedial which is formed by short dark streaks on veins; some pale mottling on termen. Hind wing below tilleul buff with only a few hair brown irrorations; a small ante- medial spot on costa, and one on discocellular; traces of dark subterminal shading from costa to below vein 6. Expanse 17 mm. Habitat.—Alto da Serra, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 33210, U. S. N. M. In appearance like P. enana Dogn., which is a true Physo- cleora with upturned palpi. Cambogia paulona, new species. Male—Body pale orange yellow; frons salmon buff; abdomen with segmental tawny lines. Wings pale orange yellow; fore wing crossed by eight russet vina- ceous lines, partly macular and irrorated with silver scales, the lines almost evenly spaced; a terminal punctiform line. Hind wings crossed by six lines. Expanse 16 mm. Habitat.—Sao Paulo, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 33211, U. S. N. M. Is nearest to C. anguinata Warr. but paler, the lines much finer. A NEW GENUS AND FIVE NEW SPECIES OF SYRPHIDAE FROM - AUSTRALIA (DIPTERA). By Raymonp C, SuHannon, U.S. Bureau of Entomology. In-a small collection of Australian Syrphidae, some contained in the National Museum Collection and some borrowed from the British Museum through the courtesy of Major E. EF. Austen and F. W. Edwards, the writer found one genus and several species new to science. Descriptions of these new forms are given below. ‘Two other genera new to Australia are also represented in the collection, and re-descriptions of these are likewise given. Genus PSILOTA Meigen. Two species of Psi/ota are at hand (British Museum Collec- tion) one of which was previously described by G. F. Hill as Psilota cyanea. This name is preoccupied, as has been pointed out by Curran (P. cyanea Brunetti, India) who substituted PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 4, APR., 1927 83 the name victoria in its stead. This species is easily recognized by its shining blue color and the apical projections on the lower, inner side of the hind femur and the small basal projection on the hind tibia. The second species is very easily distinguished from the first by its darker color and simple hind legs. Two other species have been described from Australia, femoralis Schiner and viridis Macquart, while coerulea Macquart was described from Tasmania. The present species is nearly black, thereby differ- ing in color from the above three, and the simple hind leg with very slightly swollen femur further distinguishes it from femoralis and coerulea. The hind femur is not mentioned in the description of viridis. However, this species is stated to be greenish blue. Psilota nigra, new species. Female——Frons of moderate width, entirely shining black (without silvery pollen) short, pale pilose; eyes short pilose; antenna moderate, dark brown; face shining black, epistoma moderately projecting; scutellum but little broader than long; femora very dark brown, tibiae and tarsi somewhat lighter; hind femur very slightly swollen, an inconspicuous keel on lower side, otherwise simple; hind tibiae simple; abdomen bluish black. Length 5.5 mm. Wing 5 mm. Type locality —South Australia. Type.—In British Museum. Genus GRAPTOMYZA Wiedemann. Graptomyza Wiedemann, Nova Dipt. Gen., 1820, p. 16. Genotype.—G. ventralis Wiedemann. The occurrence of this genus in Australia is of unusual inter- est as it is the first record for the subfamily Volucellinae in the antipodes. The genus may be readily recognized by the pres- ence of distinct thoracic bristles; face downwardly produced and pilose; discal crossvein placed well before the middle of the discal cell; the apical (i. e. the distal portion) and the posterior crossvein rectangular; and the flattened area on the disc of the scutellum. Graptomyza antipoda, new species. A rather small, yellowish species marked with a distinct black “W” on the mesonotum and black abdominal spots. Female——Inner eye margins straight, from the vertex to the lowermost point; subquadrate, a little broader than long, black across vertex, yellow on lower two-thirds; antennae yellow, apical upper corner of third joint darkened; third joint large, three times as long as broad; arista pectinate, the rays only on the 84 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 4, APR., 1927 basal two-thirds of upper side; face yellow, a darkened median stripe, tubercle merely suggested; epistoma moderately produced; thorax entirely yellow save for a well formed black mark in the form of a ‘““W” on posterior half of meso- notum; thorax with nine pairs of well-developed black bristles arranged on each side as follows: Two on notopleura, one supraalar; three postalars; a pair on hind margin of mesonotum; a pair on apex of scutellum; one mesopleura; femora yellow, tibiae and tarsi brownish; hind tibia with a patch of short black bristles on outer side near the middle; abdomen rather broadly rounded, yellow, ter- gites two, three and four with a pair of black spots on the apical corners and each of these tergites faintly marked with brown in the middle; wings hyaline; squamae white, halteres yellow. Length 5 mm.; wing 4.5 mm. Type locality —Cairns, New Queensland (taken on window, J. F. Ilhngsworth). Tyvpe.—Cat. No. 28786, U. S. N. M. Eumerus superbus, new species. Three specimens, received through the Federal Horticultural Board, are at hand representing a most unusually marked species of Eumerus. The specimens were reared from a Macrozamia cone, shipped from Australia. They are not in very good con- dition, the antennae are lost in all three specimens, but because it is such an exceptionally well marked species, it can be easily recognized. A fairly large species with frontal and scutellar tufts of stiff black hairs and wings spotted very similar to those of the Ortalidae. Male and female—F¥ront nearly as broad in the male as in the female; ocellar region very large, equalling half the length of the front, inflated, shining bluish black and bearing a patch of stiff erect black hairs; ocelli well advanced of the hind occipital margin, the anterior ocellus much farther removed from the other two than they are from each other; a narrow brownish pollinose cross band below ocellar region which is followed by a large opaque black region clothed with black and golden hairs; between this region and the antennae is a yellow brown cross band clothed with pale yellow hairs; first two antennal joints of normal size, silvery pollinose and pilose; upper half of face yellowish, covered with silvery pollen, whitish pilose, lower half darkened, with yellowish hairs medianly and black hairs on the sides; mesonotum velvety black with a silvery pollinose pattern, black pilose, the notopleurae and hind margin golden pilose; scutellum black with a large tuft of dense, stiff, and erect black hairs; fore and mid femora black, fore and mid tibiae black, yellowish basally and apically; fore tarsus yellow; mid tarsi yellow with conspicuous silvery white pile; hind femur greatly enlarged, shining black, yellow apically, with a row of rather widely set black spines on lower margin, hind tibia greatly thickened, in the male with silvery white pile; hind tarsus reddish yellow, in the male with dense, flattened silvery white pile; abdomen variegated with silvery pollen and pile, and yellow and black pile; wings hyaline on basal half; stigma PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 4, APR., 1927 85 bright yellow; apical half of wing mottled with dark splotches and spots; third vein nearly straight; squamae and halteres whitish, plumula black. Length 11 mm.; wing 7 mm. One male, two females, each with puparium. Type locality —Australia (reared from a Macrozamia cone received through the Federal Horticultural Board, 1925). Type (male), allotype (female), and paratype (female).—Cat. No. 28787, Ue Sane Mi. Genus MICRODON Meigen. Microdon Meigen, in Illig. Magaz. f. Ins., vol. 2, 1803, p. 83. Genotype—Microdon mutabilis (Linnaeus). Seven names have been proposed for the species of Microdon of Australia but only three species are recognized by Hardy in his paper. Two species described by Knab and Malloch, the types in the U. S. National Museum, Microdon brachycerus and M. daveyi, have been placed as synonyms of vittatus and variegata respectively. The latter species, however, proves to be quite distinct from variegata. Microdon daveyi Knab and Malloch. Microdon daveyi Knab and Malloch, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austr., vol. 36, 1912, pe 233. This species is smaller than variegata, the abdomen is much more predominantly black and shorter and the appendix on the third vein occurs at the middle of the discal cell, while in ' variegata it 1s beyond the middle. An additional species, new, has recently come to hand, and is here described. Microdon iridomyrmex, new species. A small blackish species with the legs largely reddish brown, which was reared from the nest of /ridomyrmex rufo-niger Lowne by Mr ji. Clark. Female—Nearest related to Microdon vittatus Macquart but distinct in a number of respects. The front is very broad, the eye correspondingly smaller, the latter noticeably the smaller in area and subquadrate; pile on the front black, that on the lower half appressed and directed upwards; antennae black, rather short and stout; first joint fairly long, the second short, the third longer than combined length of first and second; arista unusually short and stout, shorter than length of third joint; face black, equal in width to the front, pale pilose; femora reddish yellow with black bases; tibiae reddish yellow basally, darkening beyond; tarsi black; wings hyaline; third vein without appendix; thorax black, largely black pilose; abdomen black, black and pale pile inter- mixed; halteres and squamae white. Length 9 mm.; wing 5.5 mm. 86 PROC ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 4, APR., 1927 Two females. Type locality. Beverly, W. Australia (J. Clark). Museum. Each specimen has a puparium mounted with it. A specimen of M. vittatus likewise has a puparium, and this shows marked differences from that of zridomyrmex. The latter has four longi- tudinal straight rows of rather large granulose spots. The puparium of v7/lafus is distinctly broader and has eight rows of irregularly placed and much smaller granulose spots. MALOMETASTERNUM, new genus. The species for which this genus is erected probably is very closely related to the Australian species placed in the genus Criorhina and also to Walker’s genus and species Deineches nigrofulva. ‘The head and venation in all of these species is very similar to the Criorhina type, but the pilosity of the body is not woolly as in Criorhina and therefore should not be con- sidered under that genus. The writer would suggest that mudi- ventris Macquart and spadix Hardy belong to Dezneches. The present species is apparently quite distinct from the above named species in that it possesses on the hind femur a distinct preapical saw-tooth projection and a pair of scutellar tubercles which are not mentioned in the descriptions of the others. Generic diagnosis—Based on the male. Eyes holoptic; arista with dorsal basal arista; face projecting downwards, concave between antennae.and the prominent facial tubercle; thorax inconspicuously pilose; scutellum three times as broad as long with a pair of widely spaced dorsal tubercles; hind metasternum and hind coxae with long, white and woolly pile; hind coxae greatly enlarged; hind femur greatly enlarged with a prominent preapical and ventral saw-tooth projection (similar to that in Tropidia); discal crossvein joining discal cell well beyond its middle; and apical crossvein with a somewhat rounded basal angle, nearly in line with posterior crossvein. Malometasternum scutellaris, new species. Male.—A rather large species; ocellar triangle elongate, white pollinose frontal triangle rather small, white pollinose; face entirely white pollinose in front, the jowls shining black; femora and tibiae brownish, hind tibia more yellow; fore and mid tarsi whitish, hind tarsi bright yellow; wings faintly infuscated; abdo- men deep brown, apical half of fourth tergite bright reddish yellow. Type locality—Townsville, New Queensland (1909, F. P. Dodd). Type.—lIn British Museum. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 4, APR., 1927 87 Dissoptera pollinosa Edwards. Dissoptera pollinosa Edwards, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., vol. 20, 1916, p. 410. This genus and species, originally recorded from New Guinea, is represented in the material at hand by a single female. At first glance the species resembles the genus Syrphus. However, it is a close ally of Evistalis but may be easily separated there- from by the straight face, in profile, and yellow scale-like vesti- ture of the front and mesonotum, that on the face being tomen- tose. The abdomen has a pair of large (very large on the second) yellow spots at anterior corners of each tergite, fifth tergite entirely yellow. Length 9 mm.; wing 7 mm. Cairns, New Queensland (on window, J. F. Illingsworth). NOTES ON INSECT INHABITANTS OF BIRD HOUSES. By W. L. McATEE. DESCRIPTIONS OF A NEW GENUS AND THREE NEW SPECIES OF DIPTERA. By J. R. Mattocu. In an effort to increase the bird enemies of nut weevils at the experimental chestnut orchard of the Bureau of Plant In- dustry at Bell, Md., 47 bird boxes were erected there by the Biological Survey in April, 1926. These were inhabited by a variety of tenants of which insects were by no means the least interesting. Ordinary paper wasps (Po/istes) built nests in 24 of the bird houses but three of these nests were subsequently torn up by house wrens and in one case incorporated into the nest of the bird. One box was occupied by a colony of yellowjackets (Vespula) and one by bumble-bees (Bremus) the latter using the nest of an earlier interloper, a deer mouse (Peromyscus) in building their own. In these instances the occupants of the houses were either birds or insects, never both together. In another series of cases, however, namely, the boxes in which birds reared or attempted to rear broods, insect occupation was concurrent with that of the birds. The insects (and mites) concerned included parasites of the birds, and scavengers in the nest which themselves attracted other parasites and preda- tors. Information on the insect occupants of the scavenger and parasite classes is based entirely on laboratory examination of the contents of the bird boxes collected Sept. 23, 1926, probably a month subsequent to the time any of the houses were occu- pied by birds. Identifications in groups they specialize upon were kindly made by J. R. Malloch and L. L. Buchanan of the 88 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 4, APR., 1927 Biological Survey, and August Busck, H. E. Ewing, A. B. Gahan, Chas. T. Greene and S. A. Rohwer of the Bureau of Entomology, and Nathan Banks of the Museum of Compara- tive Zoology. To favor occupation of the maximum number of boxes by birds during the first season for the project, the contents of the houses were not closely examined during the nesting period. Hence no observations were made on parasites of nestling birds, such as species of Protocalliphora. Some of these may have been at work, for mummied young birds were found in four of the nests. In five nests occupied by house wrens, three by bluebirds, one by crested flycatchers, and in three compartments of a house occupied by purple martins were found puparia of Sarcophagids in such numbers as to make it improbable that they could have been produced wholly as scavengers. It may be that further investigation will prove that the usual scavenging habits of these flies are varied to include some degree of parasitism of nestling birds. It will be of most interest as well as of most value in giving definiteness to the records to treat the bird house insects accord- ing to the kind of bird with which they were associated, a pro- cedure followed in succeeding paragraphs. Purple martin (Progne subis). Apparently the purple martin does not clean its quarters at all, so that the scanty layer of weed stalks, grass, and leaves it gathers as a nest is soon exceeded by a mass of remains of the insect food brought to the young. This makes splendid pasturage for scavengers. Among these the most numerous were Psocidae, which fairly swarmed in the nest debris. Next in abundance were various diptera repre- sented chiefly by empty puparia, and thirdly beetles mostly Dermestidae of the genus 4ttagenus. A list of the scavengers grouped by orders follows: Corrodentia. Troctes divinatorius Miller, numerous adults. Lepidoptera. Tinea sp., 2 rubbed adults, several empty chrysalides, and much webbing. Coleoptera. Silvanus planatus Germar, 1 adult. Attagenus sp., numerous larvae, and their cast skins. Diptera. Sciara sp., many empty puparia. Scenopinidae, numerous larvae. Fannia scalaris Fabricius, 1 adult. Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis Fallen, numerous puparia. Sarcophagid puparia, many. Neossos marylandica Malloch, puparia, many; see description later in this paper. The parasitic forms in the martin house included parasites of the birds them- PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 4, APR., 1927 89 selves, and of insects of the scavenging groups just listed. Fleas and feather mites (Cheletoides) swarmed in the nest debris; the chalcid named below, a parasite of the Sarcophagids, was numerous, while the other forms were rare. The parasites included: Acarina. Cheletoides sp., many adults and young. Dermanyssus sp., a few adults. Suctoria. Ceratophyllus idius Jordan and Rothschild, many adults. This flea was originally described from the nest of a swallow from British Columbia. Hymenoptera. Apanteles carpatus Say, one adult. Pachycrepoideus dubius Ashmead, numerous adults. HOUSE WREN (Troglodytes aedon). The scavengers listed by orders below were found in the nests and other debris from 8 bird houses occupied by house wrens. Acarina. Cheletoides sp., in 2 nests. Corrodentia. Troctes divinatorius Miller, in 3 nests. Coleoptera. Atheta sp., nine larvae in | nest, and one larva and 18 adults in another. Attagenus sp., larvae in 5 nests. Diptera. Sciara sp., puparia, in 3 nests numerous in 1, one adult identified as 8. impatiens Johannsen? Sarcophagid puparia, in 4 nests. Sarcophaga falculata Pandelle, 26 puparia in 1 nest from which four adults have emerged. Neossos marylandica Malloch, puparia, in 3 nests, one yielding several. Lepidoptera. Tinera carnariella Clemens, in 1 nest. BLUEBIRD (Siaha sialis). Three houses occupied by bluebirds yielded the following: Acarina. Cheletoides sp., a few immature specimens in one nest. Corrodentia. Troctes divinatorius Miller, numerous in one nest. Diptera. Sciara sp., puparia in 1 nest. Sarcophagid puparia, in 3 nests, two of them containing many specimens each. Plectops pruinosa Malloch, new species described later in this paper. Three adults bred from 1 nest, one broken and therefore not used in the de- scription. Neossos marylandica Malloch, puparia, in one nest. 90 - PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 4, APR., 1927 CRESTED FLYCATCHER (Myiarchus crinitus). A single nest box was occupied by crested flycatchers up to the time their young were about one-third grown. The parents disappeared for unknown reasons and the nestlings perished in the nest. In the material removed from this bird house were found: Corrodentia. Troctes divinatorius Miller. Coleoptera. Atheta sp., larva. Diptera. Hydrotaea sp. (2), one puparium. Fannia nidicola Malloch, new species described later in this paper, puparia from which 8 adults were bred. Sarcophagid puparia. Desmometopa latipes Meigen, one adult. Neossos marylandica Malloch, puparia. Lepidoptera. Tinea sp., 2 chrysalides. NEOSSOS MALLOCH, new genus. This genus belongs to the group to which Hendel assigns the family name Trixoscelidae. I hardly care to admit the validity of family rank for this group, but defer a discussion of the matter until opportunity offers in another paper dealing more exclusively with broader phases of taxonomy. In several respects the new genus resembles Tvixosceles, but it has no mesopleural bristle, the frons is furnished with numerous short setulae, the anterior pair of orbital bristles is more obviously curved outwardly, there is but one strong sternopleu- ral bristle present, and there is a small downwardly directed stigmatal bristle evident. Genotype, the following species. Neossos marylandica Malloch, new species. Male and female-—Head clay-yellow, frons reddish, upper occiput, frontal triangle, and orbits, grey dusted; aristae fuscous. Thorax fuscous, dorsum densely gray dusted, not shining, pleura testaceous, darker above, less densely dusted than dorsum, and slightly shining. Abdomen fuscous, distinctly shin- ing, slightly gray dusted above near base. Legs testaceous. Wings hyaline. Halteres yellow. Frons about twice as long as its anterior width, the latter about one-third of head width, the width at vertex greater than that at anterior margin, surface hairs short, strong, and quite numerous, orbits reduced to a mere line in front of anterior pair of bristles, the latter outwardly and backwardly directed, as long as upper pair, and but little proximad of middle of frons; ocellar bristles long; postverticals short; third antennal segment not longer than wide; arista almost bare; cheek as high as width of third antennal segment; vibrissae of moderate length. Thoracic dorsocentrals 1-4-3, the posterior pair longest; PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 4, APR., 1927 91 intradorsocentral hairs in 6-8 series, usually with one or more short but distinct bristles in the acrostichal series near suture, the prescutellar pair of acrostichals distinct; inner postalar bristle shorter than outer one; mesopleura bare; sterno- pleura with one long bristle and a number of hairs; basal pair of scutellar bristles shorter than apical pair. Fore femur with posteroventral bristles distinct only apically; mid femur with one or two short bristles near middle on anterior surface; preapical dorsal bristle present on all tibiae, longest on mid pair. Inner cross vein at a little over one-third from apex of discal cell; ultimate section of fourth vein not over three times as long as penultimate; costal setulae fine but distinct, the longest not much longer than diameter of costal vein. Length 2 mm Type, male, reared from nest of Progne subis, collected Sep- tember 23, 1926, emerged February, 1927; allotype and one female paratype, ‘from debris i in same nests (Ww. L. McAtee). The puparium of this species is about 2.75 mm. in length, 1 mm. thick, of a glossy testaceous color, and is nearly cylin- drical except at anterior extremity where it is rather abruptly flattened above. The surface is finely transversely wrinkled, and without protuberances. I can detect only three minute papillae on each anterior respiratory organ in the specimens before me. Posterior spiracles upon a pair of short stout pro- cesses which are not higher than wide, the processes situated upon two tumid areas between which there is a slight longitudi- nal impression, the distance between the spiracular processes about five times as great as width of one process. The three spiracular slits are small, straight, and radiate from a plainly indicated button. Plectops pruinosa Malloch, new species. Male and female—Black, with dense grey dust obscuring ground color of frons, face, thorax, and most of abdomen, the tergites of latter with the shining black ground color showing through the dust apically, but nowhere entirely free from it. Antennae black, basal two segments brownish or reddish; palpi testaceous; interfrontalia brownish. Thorax not vittate. Abdomen with a faint dark dorsocentral vitta. Legs pitchy, femora paler below at apices, and tibiae usually reddish at bases. Wings hyaline. Calyptrae white. Halteres yellow. Frons in male and female of equal width, at vertex fully one-third of the head width, at anterior margin almost half the head width, orbits differentiated when seen from behind, at middle the grey portion is about three times as wide as the rufous interfrontalia, each orbit with two forwardly directed and one backwardly directed outer bristle on upper half, the last nearest vertex, about five inwardly directed bristles near inner margin below middle, the lowest one nearly opposite apex of second antennal segment, and an isolated backwardly directed bristle a little in front of anterior ocellus, the surfaces with additional fine hairs extending a little below the lower bristle; ocellar bristles strong, porrectly divergent; parafacial narrowly visible from side, bare from opposite 92 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 4, APR., 1927 apex of second antennal segment to lower extremity; face concave; a few setulae above vibrissae; antennae enlarged, third segment of male less sharply truncate and narrower at apex than in sefigera Coquillett, its width a little less at apex than that of cheek and less than twice its basal width, in female this segment is narrower at apex than in male; length of second segment of arista about six times its diameter; palpi slender, of average length. Thorax with five presutural lateral bristles, the posthumeral a little mesad of the presutural and very weak; presutural acrostichals usually two pairs; anterior presutural dorso- central short;,postsutural dorsocentrals three pairs; lower stigmatal bristle downwardly directed; posternum with about four bristles; hypopleura with a setula near its upper anterior angle. Third tergite with a pair of central apical bristles, fifth without discal bristles. Fore tarsi normal in both sexes. Length 4 mm. Type, male and allotype, bred from nest of Bluebird collected at Bell, Md., Sept. 23, 1926 (W. L. McAtee). Paratypes, fe- male, Washington, D. C., Sept. 27; 1907 (WV. EL. McAteer female, Washington, D. C., Sept. 4, on window (F. Knab); male, Glencarlyn, Va., June 2, 1925 (J. R. Malloch). The species is readily distinguished from any other so far described in the genus by the entirely grey dusted dorsum of abdomen, all the others having no dust on apices of the tergites, which are conspicuously glossy. ' Fannia nidicola Malloch, new species. Male.—Black, distinctly shining, very similar to serena ilk Fallen. Thorax not vittate, lateral and posterior margins of ‘| mesonotum whitish dusted. Abdomen white dusted on dor- Yip hy sum, the usual triangular black tergal marks not clearly out- lined. Legs black. Calyptrae yellowish. Halteres yellow. Frons at narrowest point not as wide as third antennal segment; arista subnude; palpi rather long, not dilated. Thorax with acrostichals in three or four irregular series; prealar duplicated. Hypopygium as in Figure 1. Legs as in canicularis, the mid tibia with very short even ventral Fig. 1. pubescence; hind coxa with at least one fine setula at apex above base of femur. Lower calypter projecting well beyond upper. Char- acters of hypopygium and fifth sternite as shown in accompanying figure. Female—Very similar to canicularis, the thorax quite evidently trivittate, but the abdomen is never yellow at base. Length 5—5.5 mm. Type, male, allotype, one male and five female paratypes, bred from puparia from nest of Myzarchus crinitus, collected at Bell, Md., Sept. 23, 1926 (W. L. McAtee). The puparium of this species has six series of long tapered processes, two on dorsum and two on each side, the posterior spiracles are upon two short stout stalks which are a little PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 4, APR., 1927 93 longer than their basal diameter and separated by over four times the length of either, the inner spiracular papilla is directly obliquely inward and backward, the other two backward and outward, closely placed, and divergent from the inner one, the central papilla longest. Length, 6-7 mm. The posterior spiracles in puparia of manicata Meigen are not on stalks, though those of some other species of the genus are. A CALENDRID WEEVIL VISITOR FROM JAPAN. By R. T. Corron, U. S. Bureau of Entomology. It is of interest to note that during the year 1925 [Calandra| Myocalandra elongata (Roelofs),! a little known calendrid weevil from Japan was intercepted at two different ports on the Pacific Coast. On February 19, 1925, a Canadian official collected four specimens at Vancouver in a shipment of bamboo from Japan. An additional specimen was intercepted on July 7, 1925, by an inspector of the Federal Horticultural Board at Seattle, Washington, in a shipment of Japanese lily bulbs from Yokohama, Japan. The writer became interested in this species in 1920 when a specimen was received from Dr. F. H. Chittenden with the remark that it was collected in Japan in flour and might be subsequently introduced into this country through shipments from Japan. Mr. Shonosuke Nakayama, in correspondence with the writer, states that the weevil is occasionally seen in dwelling houses in Yokohama. He has observed it living in small pieces of bam- boo and also feeding slightly on macaroni. The species proba- bly breeds in bamboo and is found in other commodities only through accident. The weevil was described by Roelofs in 1875 from specimens collected in Japan. It closely resembles the rice weevil Sitophilus oryza Linn. in color, size, markings and general appearance (fig. 1) but may be readily distinguished by its Fig. 1. 1The writer is indebted to Dr. Guy A. K. Marshall for the identification of this species. 94 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 4, APR., 1927 elongate, flattened form, nearly straight beak, and prothorax, which is twice as long as wide with sides almost straight and furnished with a distinct depression in the central portion pos- terior to the disk. A more detailed description of the weevil is contained in the following rather free translation of the original description: “Very variable in size, elongate, flat, dull black to reddish brown or testa- ceous along the edges of the abdominal segments, the base of the femur, tibia, tarsi, beak and antennae. Elytra with testaceous patches; provided with erect, pale yellow scales. Beak with the head scarcely as long as the prothorax, nearly straight, cylindrical, thickened and square at the base, rugosely punc- tate, carinate behind, gradually more finely punctured towards the tip. Head densely and grossly punctured, with a large and elongate impression; laterally bordered with scales between the eyes. Prothorax twice as long as wide, truncate at the ends, straight along the edges, feebly narrowed and broadly margined in front, covered with coarse punctures, close set and bearing erect scales, furnished with a depression in the central portion posterior to the disk. Scutellum scarcely visible. Elytra shorter than the prothorax and scarcely wider than at the base, subrectangular at base, sides parallel, rounded at end, with striae coarsely punctate, intervals alternately narrow and broad and elevated towards the base, the latter intervals carrying a row of yellowish hairs. The elytra are black, their sides, extremity and suture brown, they are adorned with four testaceous patches, the first two occupying the base and sometimes entirely covering it, the other two behind the middle and transverse, none attain the suture but otherwise vary considerably. Pygidium rugosely and deeply punctured, densely scaly, covered above with coarse punctures, close set and bearing scales. Femora rugose, tibiae punctate, striolate. The legs furnished with scales similar to those of the body. The distribution of colors varies, the beak is sometimes black and the testaceousness of the legs is more or less extended. Length 4 mm.-6 mm.” DESCRIPTION OF A NEW COTTON INFESTING SPECIES OF BUCCULATRIX (LEPIDOPTERA). By A. W. Morri.Lt. The species here described was at first confused with Buc- culatrix thurberiella Busck owing to the resemblance of the two species in coloration and to the coincidence of both being found on the same food plant and in the same locality. A subsequent opportunity for field observations lead to the discovery that striking differences exist between the two species in habits, in the form of the eggs, the coloration of the larvae and in the genitalia of the adults. Observations on the biology and eco- PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 4, APR., 1927 53) nomics of the new species have been included in an illustrated paper to be published in the Journal of Economic Entomology. ORDER LEPIDOPTERA. Family LYONETIIDAE. Bucculatrix gossypiella, n. sp. Egg. (Fig. 1). The hatched egg appears light brown or bronzed in color, with glistening, somewhat irridescent reticulations and distinct longitudinal ridges. Egg shell clear and transparent. The unhatched egg is clear, glassy or greenish. Form flat, broadly elliptical or oval in outline with narrow flat- tened rim, otherwise rounded, resembling the form of a lecanium scale. Length approximately 14 mm.; width approximately 4 mm. Greatest height approxi- mately ;/; the length. The longitudinal ridges are somewhat variable in Fig. 1. arrangement, usually consisting of a median ridge and two similar ridges on each side. Toward the micropilar end these ridges join what appears from above to be a short transverse ridge located within 75 of the length of the egg from the anterior margin, in some cases much closer. Viewed from the front this cross ridge is seen to constitute a semicircle partially surrounding the micro- pile. In some specimens the ridges converge and join anteriorly where they meet the cross ridge. The longitudinal ridges diverge posteriorly, usually con- verging again very slightly toward the posterior margin of the egg, disappearing before reaching the extreme edge.’ Larva. Second stage. Length 2.6 mm.? Head shield .3 mm. wide. Sparsely 1The writer takes this opportunity to acknowledge the courtesies shown by Mr. August Busck in connection with the taxonomic work, including the preparation of the slides of the genitalia, selection of type material and the examination of adults. 2In one instance an additional short ridge was noted on one side next to the median ridge, not extending to the junction of the other ridges anteriorly but extending backward as far as any of the other five. Sometimes the longitudinal ridges diverge rather strongly, giving a fanlike appearance. 3The size attained by the larvae is dependent on the succulence of the portion of the plant serving as food. The smallest specimens of each stage can be found in woody stems. 96 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 4, APR., 1927 clothed with short yellowish hairs. Head brownish. Pronotal shield greenish yellow with small median brownish black spot located near anterior margin and with a large irregular patch of brownish black extending transversely near the posterior margin. Anal plate with blackish markings. Body elsewhere dull green or yellowish green. In some specimens ellipsoid brownish genital organs are plainly visible in the fifth abdominal segment. Larva. Third stage. Length 4.3-5.5 mm. Color of live specimens varies from clear straw yellow and pale greenish yellow to dull green with the sides of the body smoky green. Head, pale brown with dark brown clypeus and black eye spots. Pronotal shield distinctly spotted with black and dark brown with slight variations in different specimens. A small median black spot occurs near the anterior margin corresponding to that found in the second stage.2. A comparatively large and conspicuous black spot occurs near the outer margin on each side in the posterior half of the pronotal shield and be- tween this spot and the median line on each side is located a series of three comparatively small dark brown spots, the posterior one being the largest and elongated transversely. The spot near the anterior margin and the pair of large spots in the posterior half of the pronotal shield are invariably present in the type material,’ although variable in form and size. The anal plate is marked with a median dark brown area and with a black longitudinal line on each side. The basal segments of the legs are marked with black spots and the other segments have more or less blackish coloration on the outer sides. The body is sparsely clothed with fine, comparatively short pale yellowish hairs. Tubercles from which hairs arise occur on the thorax and abdomen. These are pale green or yellowish in color and very inconspicuous. Twelve such tubercles have been distinguished on the prothorax above the bases of the legs. The meso- and metathoracic segments have six tubercles extending from side to side, while the abdominal segments, except the last, have two transverse rows each, the anterior row consisting of six and the posterior row of four. (Fig. 2.) Ellipsoidal genital organs in the fifth abdominal seg- DO) a) ment are conspicuous in some specimens. Their color in I 0000 0O live specimens varies from grayish brown to brick red. Pinkish malpighian tubes are conspicuous in some speci- Fig. 2. mens in the 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th segments. Adults. Face tuft, head and thorax white. Fore wings white with black and light brown scale markings, cilia ochreous white. Hind wings and cilia ochreous white. Coloration closely similar to adults of Bucculatrix thurberiella Busck. Male genitalia of paratype figured. (Fig. 4, Plate 4.) Alar expanse——5 to 8 mm. 1Jt is assumed that these organs are testes, but this has not been checked by breeding observations. At least one recent authority states that male and female reproductive organs are similar in appearance in lepidopterous larvae. 2In one specimen a much smaller black spot was observed located just pos- terior to the primary spot mentioned above. 3A small black spot is sometimes located just posterior to each of the large lateral spots. One or more of the inner series of three spots may be absent on each side. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 4, APR., 1927 97 Ty pes.—Egg, second stage larva, third stage larva and adult. Catalogue No. 40380, United States National Museum. Type locality—Cajeme, Sonora, Mexico. Food plants.—Cottons, including varieties of American Up- land and Egyptian and several Mexican wild species, including Gossypium davidsoni Kellogg, G. hypodenum Cook and Hubbard, G. patens Cook and Hubbard, G. eontextum Cook and Hubbard, G. morrilli Cook and Hubbard, and G. dicladum Cook and Hub- bard. Described from type and paratypes of eggs, from type and paratypes of second stage larvae, from type and paratypes of third stage larvae and from adult male type and 2 paratypes of males and 3 paratypes of females. All type material from vicinity of Cajeme, Sonora, Mexico. The adults were bred from larvae which developed i in burrows in woody cotton stem in one instance and which developed to full grown larvae in burrows in the carpels of cotton bolls in all other cases and in no instance fed exteriorly before pupating. Fig. 1. Egg B. gossypiella n. sp. on cotton stalk X 50. Fig. 2. Diagram showing typical arrangement of spots on pronotal shield of larva of B. gossypiella n. sp. Fig. 3. Female genitalia B. gossypiella n. sp. X 90. Fig. 4. Male genitalia B. gossypiella n. sp. X 90. Fig. 5. Male genitalia B. thurberiella Busck X 90. Fig. 6. Female genitalia B. thurberiella Busck X 90. NOTE. In the Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Wash- ington, March 19, 1927, there appeared two papers on the adult and larva respectively of Nevermannia dorcatomotdes, new genus, and new species of Coleoptera collected from a termite nest in Costa Rica. The name of the termite with which this Anobiid beetle was found was not mentioned. The termite is Nastuti- termes (N.) ephratae Holmg. which makes carton “niggerhead”’ nests on trees. —Thomas E. Snyder. PLATE 4 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 4, APR., 1927 99 A NEW SPECIES OF SYNTOMASPIS. By A. B. Ganan, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology. A large series of what appears to be a new species of Synto- maspis was recently sent to the writer by R. H. Beamer of the University of Kansas. Attention is called to the unusual habit of the species of feeding as a larva on the eggs of Melampsalta calliope (Walker). Syntomaspis oviperditor, new species. Similar in many respects to S. tubicola Osten Sacken, but differs by having a somewhat longer ovipositor, more strongly metallic tibiae, the mesoscutum and scutellum less strongly sculptured, the apical one-third of scutellum more weakly sculptured than basal two-thirds, the head less strongly transverse, and the hind coxae not quite so strongly punctate on its outer face. Female —Length 2.8 mm.; ovipositor 4 to 4.50:mm. Head as broad as thorax at tegulae, finely closely shagreened; lateral ocelli very slightly more than their own diameter from the eye margins; antennae with the first funicle joint slightly longer than the pedicel and about one-third longer than broad, last funicle joint subquadrate; club ovate a little thicker than last funicle joint and about equal in length to the two joints which precede it; prothorax and mesoscutum finely reticulate, the reticulations transversely elongated and giving an appear- ance of very fine, rather indefinite and irregular transverse lineolation or rugu- losity; axillae and basal two-thirds of scutellum sculptured like mesoscutum, the apical one-third of scutellum set off by a distinct cross furrow and alto more weakly reticulated than the basal portion, often nearly smooth; propodeum shining, nearly polished, but with some very faint reticulations, without any indications of carinae or folds, the spiracles elliptical; mesepimera and meta- pleura polished, rest of pleura reticulated; stigmal vein sessile; postmarginal two or three times as long as stigmal; hind coxae outwardly rather strongly reticulated, without a distinct carinate line along the dorsal margin; hind tibial spurs unequal, the inner spur the longest and less than half the length of basi- tarsus, abdomen about as long as head and thorax, compressed from the sides, the first tergite smooth and comprising approximately one-third of the dorsal length of abdomen, segments beyond the first subequal in dorsal length and uniformly weakly reticulated; ovipositor one and two-thirds times the length of body. Head, thorax and abdomen bright green, more or less tinged with brassy, the scutellum strongly so; scape metallic with a yellowish spot at base; flagellum black; fore and middle coxae, femora and tibiae aeneous, their knees, apices of tibiae and tarsi pale yellowish; hind coxae and femora bluish, their tibiae blackish with an aeneous tinge, their knees very slightly, apices of tibiae very narrowly, and tarsi entirely pale yellowish; ovipositor sheaths black; wings hyaline, venation pale yellow. Male—Length 2.0 mm. Abdomen not more than two-thirds as long as the thorax, not strongly compressed; first tergite comprising a little more than one-third its dorsal length; scutellum not strongly tinged with brassy, and with 100 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 4, APR., 1927 its apical one-third rather distinctly reticulated but still not as strongly so as the rest of scutellum. Otherwise agrees with the description of the female. Both sexes show considerable variation in size. Females range from 2 mm. in length to slightly more than 3 mm. and the exserted portion of the ovipositor is correspondingly variable ranging from 3.3 mm. to 4.6 mm. Males vary from 1.6 mm. to 2.15 in length. Type locality—Douglas County, Kansas. Type.—Cat. No. 40465, U. S. N. M. Twenty-three females and twenty-six males reared by R. H. Beamer of the University of Kansas from egg clusters of Tibicen aurifera Say in May, 1924, and September, 1925; also five females and two males reared July 8, 1925, by the same collector from stems of sweet clover containing egg-clusters of Melam- psalta calliope (Walker). Type, allotype and forty-four para- types in the U. S. National Museum; ten paratypes in the collection of Kansas University. The parasitism of this species upon the eggs of its host is an altogether anomalous habit for species of S'yztomaspis and even for the family Callimomidae, so far as known to the writer. Mr. Beamer assures me, however, that he has observed the parasite larva feeding upon the eggs of the cicadas and has reared them through to maturity, so there can be no doubt of the correctness of the record. Actual date of publication, May 18, 1927. EDITORIAL. Versatility is a common attribute of insects and we as ento- mologists never cease to marvel at such examples as the flies that live in crude petroleum or frolic in the caustic waters of the alkali lakes or the acrid billows of Great Salt Lake. Likewise the beetles and flies which gambol in the waters of hot springs, so torrid that they would parboil a human being, but do we ever pause to meditate on that group of remarkable insects which, like man, have learned to chew tobacco,—but swallow the juice? Speaking of flies, since man flees fleas why don’t he flee flies or else make the flies flee? Where is this crime wave to halt? Heretofore the classic example of pusillanimous pilfering was held to be that enter- prising yegg who filched the fractional currency from the ocular orifices of the deceased African, but now! comes the story of the sexton beetles caught in the act of robbing the grave of its worm! —W. R. Walton. 1Steele, B: EF. Jour. N.Y. Ent: Soc., March. 1927p. 77. — a em ae : 5 ‘ F a P ae | gd, OT VOL, 29 MAY, 1927 No. 5 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON CONTENTS BLAISDELL, F. E., SR.—A BLIND BEETLE EXCAVATED FROM AN EGYPTIAN CITY’S RUINS DATING BETWEEN 117 anp 235 a.p. ........ 121 CAUDE NE Ac uN PROBLEMS: IN TAXONOMY) ATS a. eV ta se ben 5 LZ9 EWING, H. E.—DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW SPECIES OF SUCKING LICE TOGETHER WITH A KEY TO SOME RELATED SPECIES OF THE GENUS iW ARNIS SL yas TIE TAT ee a RIOR L EM i pet, oe RUS SCoPE at ate. Eire Syed lk’ FISHER, W. S.—A CHANGE OF NAME IN ANOBIIDAE (COLEOPTERA). . . . 116 HOOD, J. D.—THREE NEW PHLAOTHRIPID (THYSANOPTERA) FROM THE DISMRECHPOLACOLUNMBUA cient hiss, a. \'5 as Ciiem Cai eee ade ence lel PHILLIPS, W. J.—TWO NEW SPECIES OF HARMOLITA. . ........ . 125 SCHAUS, W.—NEW SPECIES OF HETEROCERA (LEPIDOPTERA) FROM CENTRAL ANDES OURHUAMERTCAGs UENee ef. Ubi fb It ONO a, ll eet Bee pte (DIL PusiisHeD Montuiy Excepr Jury, AuGust AND SEPTEMBER BY THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON, D. C. Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post: Office at Washington, D. C., under Act of August 24, 1912. Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized July 3, 1918. ny N THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON OrcanizeD Marcu 12, 1884. The regular meetings of the Society are held in the National Museum on the first Thursday of each month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 p. M. Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00. Members are entitled to the PRocEEDINGsS and any manuscript submitted by them is given precedence over any submitted by non-members. OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1927. Eonorany presidente © .%. 4). 2 eee ee ee eee ee Ant CEINVIAIR President tn hes Ree ete ene Sea linc oe fib dAst aN CSILOl First Vice- Presiden tat PAR ees Pee ise fiat sits ode) EdSUANS SOR TEGS OTL OW be 60S 66 6b & oo 9 6 0 0 5 6 Aly Co IBVAIIEIR RAGHU SS ISCHNATLS colle otc ER OG clo. Go 4 o 0. a8 o 5 Ifo Ss WWAIDIE Corresponding Secretary-Treasurer . . . 35 24. S..A.) ROHWER WES “National Maseur Washington Dac: Giorgia et ess re 1 ee ee i a cee . R. WALTON Bureau of Firomolose oan DAC: Executive Committee: Tur Orricers and C. T. Greene, A. N. Caupe tt, T. E. SNYDER. Representing the Society as a Vice-President of the Washington fies of ONAL (la eae a OP a Rete abate Sige Wek, lume Ye , A, G, BOVING PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON. Published monthly, except July, August and September, by the Society at Washington, D. C. Terms of subscription: Domestic, $4.00 per annum; foreign, $4.25 per annum; recent single numbers, 50 cents, foreign postage extra. All subscriptions are payable in advance. Remittances should be made payable to the Entomological Society of Washington. An author of a leading article in the ProceEpinGs will be given 10 copies of the number in which his article appears. Reprints without covers will be fur- nished at the following rates, provided a statement of the number desired accompanies the manuscript: 4 pp. 8 pp. 12 pp. 16 pp. 50 copies 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 100 copies 2225 4.50 6.75 9.00 Certain charges are made for illustrations and there are available rules and suggestions governing the make-up of articles. Immediate publication in any number may be obtained at the author’s expense. All manuscripts should be sent to the Editor. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Nn VOE. 29 MAY 1927 No. NEW SPECIES OF HETEROCERA (LEPIDOPTERA) FROM CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA. By W. Scuaus, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Department of Agriculture. SATURNIIDAE. Ormiscodes cutteri, new species. Male.—Head and mesothorax flesh ocher; a dorsal black patch on collar and broad black streaks on shoulders; metathorax old rose; abdomen black with sublateral yellowish spots; anal hairs old rose; antennae pinkish cinnamon; palpi and legs fringed with old rose. Fore wing vinaceous fawn faintly suffused with Japan rose; an ochraceous buff streak on costa from beyond base and not reaching apex; veins finely black; a thick outbent antimony yellow mark at end of cell with projecting whitish tooth along vein 4 to beyond postmedial line which is rather broad, blackish, straight and inbent, cut by the discal tooth; cilia on termen and inner margin geranium pink. Hind wing and cilia geranium pink; veins black; a postmedial and broad subterminal blackish shade. Fore wing below suffused with buffy brown, the inner margin whitish; no discal mark; veins black; postmedial line macular, reddish. Hind wing below pale ochraceous buff; costa white; veins black; a postmedial reddish line; a broad subterminal drab shade. Expanse 67 mm. Habitat.—Azogues, Ecuador. Type.—Cat. No. 33249, U. S. N. M. Named in honor of Mr. V. M. Cutter, President of the United Fruit Company. Hylesia petena, new species. Male.—Palpi and frons ferruginous; vertex, collar, thorax, and dorsal tufts of abdomen at base black; the abdomen otherwise dorsally cinnamon brown; anal hairs vinaceous rufous. Fore wing livid brown, suffused with blackish towards apex; an oblique black fascia from base of cell to inner margin; faint traces of a double dark postmedial line. Hind wing livid brown, the inner margin broadly suffused with vinaceous brown; a fine pecan brown discocellular line; very faint traces of a darker postmedial line. Wings below deep livid brown, the postmedial line more distinct. Female.—Head and thorax vinaceous brown mottled with yellowish hairs; abdomen above olive brown, also mottled with yellowish hairs; long lateral tufts of ochraceous buff hairs, with shorter similar hairs ventrally. Fore wing 102 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 5, MAY, 1927 livid brown; a broad vertical dark vinaceous brown bar on discocellular and a broad similar outer fascia from costa to inner margin. Hind wing paler; veins at cell russet vinaceous; a faint darker postmedial shade. Expanse o& 47 mm.; Q 62 mm. Habitat—Peten, Guatemala. Type—Cat. No. 33250, U. S. N. M. Nearest H. hamata Schs. Abdomen darker in both sexes. Wings more brilliantly colored. The outer fascia in female of even width, not diffuse on outer edge; the discal bar much broader. A mass of cocoons in a web surrounding the branch of a tree received from Guatemala, the moths emerging over a period of two years. Hylesia olivenca, new species. Male.—Body drab, the abdomen dorsally mottled with cinnamon hairs. Wings brownish drab. Fore wing: a broad, vertical, white antemedial line; a similar slightly inbent postmedial line more darkly edged basad, this shade suffusing with the blackish spot at end of cell; some irregular terminal whitish shading from vein 4 to tornus; a terminal white spot below apex. Hind wirg: a darker postmedial shade including the dark discal spot followed by a faint whitish shade. Expanse 45 mm. Habitat—Bogota, Colombia; Sao Paulo de Olivenca, Ama- zons. Type.—Cat. No. 33251, U. S. N. M. Closely allied to H. novex Dognin, which has the discal spots quite separate from the dark shading of postmedial line; it is also smaller in both sexes. Three males and two females in National Museum. Hylesia palcazua, new species. Male.—Head and thorax deep brownish drab, the abdomen somewhat paler, mottled with buffish brown hairs. Wings light cinnamon drab. Fore wing: a small dark spot on discocellular; a deep brownish drab postmedial shade, outcurved on costa, inbent and broader from vein 6 to inner margin, joined at vein 6 by a fine dark line, also outcurved at costa; terminal space mostly pale drab gray; a fine dark subterminal line inbent to below vein 6, then sinuous and vertical to inner margin; a terminal dark shade below vein 8, narrowing to a point at vein 3. Hind wing: a dark discal point; traces of postmedial and subterminal dark lines. Female with fore wing broad, more quadrate; the markings almost as in male; the discocellular mark on fore wing more linear; the pale markings of terminal area consisting of a broad shade on outer side of subterminal line from vein 6 to tornus. Expanse o& 42 mm.; 9 53 mm. PROG. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 5, MAY, 1927 103 Habitat—Palcazu, East Peru. Type.—Cat No. 33252, U. S. N. M. One male and three females in National Museum. Hylesia biolleya, new species. Male.—Head and thorax hair brown; abdomen hair brown at base, otherwise ochraceous orange. Fore wing hair brown; base suffused with drab gray limited by a faint whitish vertical shade before middle of wing; a darker patch over discocellular; postmedial line fine, darker, outangled below costa and slightly inbent to inner margin, outwardly edged by a narrow whitish shade, somewhat broader on costa; an irregular whitish subterminal shade from apex to vein 3, expanding to termen from vein 3 to tornus. Hind wing hair brown; a darker postmedial narrow shade. Expanse 40 mm. Habitat—Costa Rica. Type.—Cat. No. 33253;.U. S. N. M. Two males collected by P. Biolley. Citheronia guayaquila, new species. Male.—Head and thorax cream white, with some grayish shading. Abdomen above flesh ocher with maize yellow segmental lines. Fore wing brownish drab, the pale markings yellowish white; a spot at base below cell and similar scaling at base of inner margin; a large spot at end of cell containing, and followed by, macular lines of ground color; a large spot on costa at apex, its lower edge inbent below apex and sinuous, and from vein 6 a broken series of small spots inbent to middle of inner margin, connected by a slightly darker shade than ground color, the largest spot below vein 4, a point below vein 3, and small spot on inner margin; a faint yellowish subterminal line, deeply lunular. Hind wing: costa broadly maize yellow; basal half of inner margin suffused with deep brownish vinaceous; postmedial and terminal space dark grayish brown; a subterminal pale orange yellow line, dentate to termen on veins 5 and 6, more lunular, wavy, from vein 4 to inner margin. Fore wing below with base broadly whitish yellow. Hind wing below yellowish white; a large ocher red discal spot; an outer incurved ocher red lunular line from termen at vein 7 to inner margin above anal angle, outwardly shaded with light drab; terminal light drab spots on interspaces. Expanse 81 mm. Habitat—Guayaquil, Ecuador. hype—_CataNo. 33204,U7 SN. Me Close to C. claveryi Bouvier, from which it differs in the sub- terminal markings of hind wing. PERICOPIDAE. Pericopis schadei, new species. Female.—Head, collar, thorax, and fore wings fuscous black; a few white 104 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 5, MAY, 1927 hairs on vertex, back of eyes, and outwardly on collar; a small orange buff spot on shoulder and one on base of costa; a small cream color spot on base of median vein; a black fascia across end of cell and another before a broad postmedial white fascia from costa to termen above vein 3; traces of some whitish scaling incurved from inner edge of white fascia above vein 3 to submedian. Abdomen and hind wing blue black, the latter with a triangular white spot between veins 3 and 5, the apex close to termen above vein 3, the upper angle extending as a line to vein 6. Wings below bluish black; a scarlet spot at base of both wings; the white spot on hind wing reduced. Legs black with a few white scales. Abdomen below with some white scaling sublaterally on terminal segments; anus orange. Expanse 60 mm. Habitat—Villa Rica, Paraguay. Type.—Cat. No. 33255, U. S. N. M. This species is different from any I know, but may be the female of some quite different known male. MEGALOPYGIDAE. Euglyphis primola, new species. Male.—Palpi pale drab gray with a black streak behind. Head mottled drab gray and fuscous. Collar dark vinaceous brown mottled with white hairs. Thorax white faintly tinged with sulphur. Abdomen vinaceous fawn. Fore wing sorghum brown faintly tinged with purple; base to near middle white crossed by indistinct subbasal and antemedial wavy grayish lines, the costa irrorated with purplish; postmedial line white slightly outangled below costa then punctiform and nearly vertical to inner margin; an irregular subterminal white line; cilia with whitish spots at veins. Hind wing vinaceous fawn, the costa and apical area mottled white and vinaceous brown; a darker medial line; a wavy subterminal white line. Fore wing below brown; costa finely, a fine postmedial line, a wavy subterminal line, a line on base of cilia and spots on cilia white. Hind wing below as above, the costa broadly darker with white mottling, the subterminal line broader and more diffused. Expanse 34 mm. Habitat—TYumatumari, Potaro River, British Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 26238, U. S. N. M. Near E. mediana Schaus in wing pattern, but distinguished by the white thorax. EUPTEROTIDAE. Apatelodes paraguayana, new species. Male.—Body and shaft of antenna pale drab gray, the pectinatiors drab; palpi ocher red tipped and fringed with pale drab gray; fore femora ocher red; abdomen ventrally whitish irrorated with ocher red. Fore wing pale drab gray; an oblique antemedial fuscous black fascia from below cell, inbent to inner margin; a fine medial drab line, outcurved, faintly angled on submedian fold; postmedial line outangled below costa, then slightly incurved, vertical, from PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 5, MAY, 1927. 105 below vein 6 fuscous black preceded by a triangular drab shade, its apex touch- ing the medial line; a fuscous black subterminal mark from costa to vein 6. Hind wing: basal half cinnamon drab shaded with white along inner margin, crossed by a fine curved dark medial line ending in a small fuscous black spot on inner margin, and limited by a broad whitish, evenly curved line; terminal space suffused with light cinnamon drab with a darker shade at anal angle. Fore wing below whitish; an outcurved lunular postmedial fine line, preceded by a vertical drab shade; termen at apex van dyke brown, preceded by a white line and dark costal spot. Hind wing below: base from costa to below cell cinnamon drab, the inner margin white; a broad medial verona brown line, outwardly edged with white; termen light drab. Expanse 26 mm. Habitat—Paraguay. spe. CateNos 35256, U0. os Neve Nearest 4. guadrata Jones, but smaller and differently marked. Apatelodes ibar, new species. Female.—Body light drab, the head and thorax suffused with grayish olive, the abdomen with paler segmental lines. Fore wing light drab suffused with light grayish olive; antemedial line drab, double, faintly inbent from costa; postmedial line drab, double, defined by fine darker lines, the inner line slightly outcurved below costa, the outer line outangled at vein 5; subterminal line pale, straight from costa before apex to tornus, preceded by a triangular benzo brown spot on costa and followed above vein 5 by a black point; apex acute, slightly falcate; termen slightly crenulate. Hind wing light cinnamon drab; a medial band slightly darker defined by a dark medial line, and a pale post- medial line. Fore wing below paler without the antemedial line; hind wing below brighter, the medial band mikado brown, the postmedial line distinct white. Expanse 29 mm. Habitat—Cordoba, Argentina. ivpe—Ccat. No: 33257, U.S: N. M: Quite unlike any described species. Thelosia jorgenseni, new species. Male.—Body cinnamon buff, the head and thorax somewhat darker. Fore wing cinnamon buff, the base shaded with cinnamon; a small sepia spot on discocellular; a postmedial sayal brown line from subcostal, almost vertical to inner margin, followed by a very fine dark line somewhat wavy; a fine sub- terminal dark lunular line from vein 7 to vein 2. Hind wing clay color, the termen cinnamon buff; a faint discal point; a medial sayal brown line, angled beyond cell and inbent to middle of inner margin; traces of a fine postmedial line, the space between the lines suffused with sayal brown. Wings below warm buff. Fore wing with the two postmedial lines slightly wavy; discal point as above; the subterminal fine, forming two short inbent streaks above and below vein 6. Hind wing: the postmedial line fine, lunular, cinnamon, 106 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 5, MAY, 1927 vertical from costa and inbent beyond cell to middle of inner margin; the postmedial line very fine and indistinct, lunular. Expanse 25 mm. Habitat—Villa Rica, Paraguay. Type.—Cat No. 33258, U. S. N. M. Allied to T. truncata Schaus and T. rectilinea Dogn., but darker, especially the hind wing. The underside of hind wing is more like 7. rectilinea Dogn. MEGALOPYGIDAE. Megalopyge incachaca, new species. Male.—Frons brownish olive. Vertex, collar, and thorax yellow ocher. Abdomen light ochraceous buff. Palpi and throat mummy brown. Body below light ochraceous buff. Legs clothed with long black hairs, and a few long white hairs; fore legs with an under layer of light ochraceous buff hairs. Fore wing: base below cell to inner margin walnut brown, outwardly shaded with fuscous, and then whitish obliquely from base of vein 2 to near tornus; cell with a fine whitish line at base, and one below cell, mostly walnut brown for two-thirds, the end white; discocellular and veins from it finely black for some distance; veins 2 and 3 white at base, fold and submedian finely black; outer space to termen naples yellow faintly shaded with brownish towards cell; none of the black lines on veins reach termen; costa white at apex. Hind wing naples yellow. Fore wing below: costa black not reaching apex; subcostal vein white. Hind wing below: costa walnut brown. Female.—Base of fore wing and below cell to middle yellow ocher, otherwise as in male. Expanse o1 35 mm.; 9 55 mm. Habitat.—Incachaca, Bolivia. Type.—Cat. No. 33259, U. S. N. M. Of several species described belonging to this group it is the only one with veins streaked with black. Megalopyge guaya, new species. Female —Head avellaneous. Body buffy brown, the abdomen with light drab segmental shading. Fore wing: more than basal half fuscous, below cell cinnamon drab, crossed by antemedial and medial double darker lines, the scaling very hairy and undulating, mottled with whitish hairs at base and along costa, this space vertical on outer edge; outer portion of wing drab, mot- tled next to dark area with wavy white hairs between veins, above vein 5 shaded with whitish to apex, with three short black streaks between veins 5 and 8. Hind wing drab, cilia paler. Wings below drab, the cilia whitish. Expanse 30 mm. Habitat—Villa Rica, Paraguay. Type.—Cat. No. 33260, U. S. N. M. The antennae are shortly pectinated. In one specimen veins PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 5, MAY, 1927. 107 3 and 4 are shortly stalked. This is the only described species with the dark basal area vertical on outer edge. Megalopyge sevarina, new species. Female—Head and thorax snuff brown mottled with cinnamon buff hairs. Abdomen clay color with sayal brown segmental lines and mottled with cinna- mon buff hairs; anal hairs cinnamon buff. Fore wing light drab crossed by numerous hair brown lines, hardly traceable in cell, the third line beyond cell from subcostal to vein 5, the fourth and fifth lines suffusing below vein 5; basal third below cell shaded with cinnamon and mottled with cinnamon buff hairs; all the scaling hairy and undulating. Hind wing thinly scaled, grayish drab; some cinnamon buff hairs at base of inner margin. Wings below drab. Expanse 48 mm. Habitat—San Bernardino, Paraguay. lipe——Cat. Now33261,U. SNe M: Unlike any described species; the termen of fore wing oblique, the apex and tornus rounded. Megalopyge victoriana, new species. Male.—Body above tawny olive, underneath paler. Fore wing: basal area, its outer edge oblique frpm costa to inner margin near subterminal line dark olive buff suffused with avellaneous; postmedial area forming a triangular patch from within end of cell and vein 5 to subterminal line olive buff; an irregular pale spot at end of cell followed by an oblong dark patch between costa and vein 5, on which the veins are white; subterminal line broad, pale olive buff, parallel with termen, and outwardly shaded with deep olive buff extending on veins. Hind wing pale olive buff. Expanse 28 mm. Habitat——Victoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil. tiopje-—Cat: No: 33262,02S) NOM: Belongs to the group of M. vulpina Berg. and M. lanceolata Dogn. GEOMETRIDAE. Argyrotome prattaria, new species. Male.—Body and wings pale drab gray, the abdomen above shaded on terminal half with drab. Fore wing with scattered silver scales; postmedial area irrorated with drab; an oval black spot on discocellular, its upper part almost entirely covered with raised silver scales, its lower part broadly edged with ochraceous buff and then with deep grayish olive covered with silver scales; subterminal line outbent from costa and sinuous, silver, preceded by cinnamon drab shading; some drab striae on termen, and a fine cinnamon drab terminal line. Hind wing thickly irrorated with drab gray and silver; a dense patch of silvery golden scales across end of cell, expanding outwardly from above vein 4 to near inner margin; a line of silvery striae from costa near apex to tornus; small marginal silver spots below vein 6 and above vein 4, larger 108 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 5, MAY, 1927 silver spots above and below vein 3, these latter with black points on either side. Wings below mostly light ochraceous buff. Expanse 30 mm. Habitat—Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 33263, U. S. N. M. Nearest 4. metallicata Warr. Named in honor of Mr. Geo. D. Pratt of New York, a gener- ous contributor to the fund for the purchase of the Dognin Collection. Argyrotome paraguayaria, new species. Male.—Palpi and frons sayal brown. Vertex and thorax white. Abdomen white irrorated with olive gray, leaving white segmental lines. Wings white with scattered silver scales. Fore wing: costa finely light buff; a black discal spot almost entirely covered with raised silver scales, circled with pinkish buff, then narrowly with hair brown and basad with dense clusters of silver striae; a very faint postmedial tilleul buff narrow shade, followed by a broader line of hair brown striae on a cream color shade; subterminal line outcurved cinnamon buff, edged inwardly with silver scales on interspaces. Hind wing: a faint light drab shade on discocellular; postmedial and subterminal drab striae with clusters of silver scales on interspaces between them; termen narrowly cinnamon buff, preceded by small black spots almost completely cavered with raised silvery scales, the largest above and below vein 3, the smallest above and below vein 6. Expanse 23 mm. Habitat— Paraguay. Type.—Cat. No. 33264, U. S. N. M. Intermediate between 4. a/ba Druce and 4. melae Druce, but quite distinct from either. Described from a small series. Asestra psalmoidaria, new species. Male.—Body and wings avellaneous, rather browner than Ridgway’s color. Fore wing: an antemedial hair brown line, outcurved at costa and inbent to near base of inner margin; a postmedial tawny olive line slightly sinuous, verti- cal to submedian fold, then slightly inbent to inner margin; a fine dark subtermi- nal line, outwardly pale edged, outbent on costa with minute black points on veins from costa to vein 5, the line inbent from vein 5, outbent at vein 2, angled on fold and inbent to inner margin; an irregular broad tawny olive shade on terminal area. Hind wing: an antemedial hair brown line; postmedial line fine outwardly edged with white points; a tawny olive shade on terminal area expanding at vein 2 to termen, above narrowing to anal angle. Wings below buffish suffused with light vinaceous brown, chiefly on fore wing; antemedial Jine very faint; black points on discocellulars; postmedial line more heavily pale edged on fore wing, faint on hind wing, which has a subterminal line of black points on veins. Expanse 35 mm. Habitat.—Volcan Sta Maria, Guatemala. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 5, MAY, 1927 109 Type.—Cat. No. 33265, U. S. N. M. Allied to 4. cabiria Druce; the lines quite different. Hygrochroma lincanaria, new species. Male.——Body and wings brownish drab suffused with neutral gray. Fore wing: antemedial line fine, olive brown, outcurved and lunular; the outangled shade before postmedial olive brown, with an oblong grayish shade above it on costa; postmedial line fuscous, oblique and excurved below costa, straight and inbent from vein 7, followed by an irregular olive brown shade. Hind wing similar in color, the olive brown shading before postmedial extending to base in and below cell; a broad subterminal olive brown shade, its outer edge dentate. Wings below paler. Fore wing: some’fine striae from base to post- medial, not reaching inner margin; whitish scaling along outer edge of post- medial; a subterminal incurved white line from costa followed by olive brown to apex and vein 6, below 6 the line is faint, lunular, whitish; a narrow darker shade from costa across discocellular to vein 2. Hind wing: a faint medial shade; postmedial fine; subterminal short white streaks on veins. Expanse o' 37 mm.; Q@ 44 mm. Habitat——Volcan Sta Maria, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 33266, U. S. N. M. Very similar to H. olivinaria H. S. but easily distinguished by the subterminal markings on underside of hind wing. O/i- vinaria has a distinct subterminal dentate white line. Selenia mariaria, new species. Male.—Body wood brown. Fore wing: base and terminal area avellaneous suffused with vinaceous fawn; a fine fuscous antemedial line outangled in cell; medial space darker, almost benzo brown before postmedial line, the darker shading oblique from costa above discocellular to postmedial line; postmedial line fuscous, outbent to vein 7, lunular to vein 5 outwardly edged with white, then inbent to vein 3 at cell, slightly wavily outbent to near submedian and inbent to inner margin; a few black specks on terminal area. Hind wing wood brown; a faint dark medial line; postmedial and subterminal lines fine, faint, better defined on inner margin where they are outwardly edged with white. Wings below paler. Fore wing: a line on discocellular, the postmedial fine, inbent, and traces of an irregular subterminal line. Hind wing below with a black spot on discocellular; a fine postmedial line; subterminal line macular interrupted. Expanse 37 mm. Habitat—Volcan Sta Maria, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 33267, U. S. N. M. Nearest to S. xarcaea Druce, but quite distinct. Selenia blaziaria, new species. Male.—Body light cinnamon drab. Wings light cinnamon drab with grayish 110 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 5, MAY, 1927 suffusions, finely striated with hair brown. Fore wing: base of costa with hair brown scaling; a subbasal small dark spot on submedian; antemedial line hair brown with small darker spots on costa, subcostal vein and above sub- median; a faint dark medial shade, outangled below costa with some dark spots on costa, discocellular and at base of vein 3, and followed except on costa by a tawny shade to postmedial; postmedial line fine, black, slightly outangled below costa, then inbent, sinuous to inner margin, partly edged outwardly with whitish gray, sometimes followed by two small hair brown spots above and below vein 3; an excurved subapical white line from costa. Hind wing: costa whitish to postmedial line; a black point on discocellular; postmedial line fine, black partly edged outwardly with whitish, and followed by a tawny shade. Wings below cream buff striated with hair brown; postmedial line very fine, straighter; dark points on discocellulars; subapical line of fore wing reaching vein 5 followed by rood’s brown to termen. Expanse 40 mm. Habitat——Popocatepetl, Mexico, between 8,000 and 10,000 feet. Type.—Cat. No. 33268, U. S. N. M. Nearest ‘. ricochetta Dyar, larger, the markings less defined, . the underside without the strong lines, or the terminal orange spot on fore wing. Selenia abramaria, new species. Male.—Body drab gray. Wings drab gray. Fore wing with a few brownish striae; medial area suffused with light cinnamon drab; antemedial line hair brown almost vertical; a fine medial dark lunular line from subcostal to inner margin; postmedial line excurved on costa, angled below vein 7 inbent and sinuous, fuscous on costa and from vein 7 to vein 5, then very faint brownish followed by small faint spots above and below vein 3; a black line on disco- cellular; a subterminal curved white line from costa. Hind wing rather paler, the costa whitish; a black discal point; faint medial and postmedial lines. Wings below paler, duller, the markings faintly indicated; apex of fore wing light drab. Expanse 30 mm. Habitat——Popocatepetl, Mexico, between 8,000 and 10,000 feet. Type—Cat. No. 33269, U. S. N. M. Allied to S. dlazxiaria Schaus, but smaller, grayer with the markings less defined. Perigramma guatemalaria, new species. Male.—Palpi and head olive brown, the fringe at base of palpi, vertex behind, neck, throat, shoulders, and fore femora buff yellow; legs white partly streaked with hair brown. Body white, anal hairs yellowish buff. Wings white. Fore wing: costa finely light brownish olive, slightly expanding on outer half; a narrow deep olive buff fascia outbent from middle of costa to inner margin PROC. ENT. SGC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 5, MAY, 1927 111 well before tornus. Hind wing: a fascia as on fore wing from middle of costa vertical to inner margin before anal angle. Wings below white. Expanse o&' 37 mm.; 2 40 mm. Habitat—Cayuga, Guatemala. Type——Cat. No. 33270, U.S. N. M. Near P. cesata Druce which has no fascia on hind wing, and the fascia on fore wing ends close to tornus. Scordylia guatica, new species. Male.—Body and wings mouse gray. Fore wing: an oblique white fascia from middle of costa where it is narrow, expanding and ending on vein 2 before termen; apical space somewhat darker. Fore wing below with costa, apex, and termen suffused with brick red irrorated with whitish scales. Hind wing below brick red irrorated with whitish scales. Expanse 20 mm. Habitat—Volcan Sta Maria, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 33271, U. S. N. M. Belongs to the group of S. anicata Feld, and S. mortipax Butl., still smaller than the latter species. Synneuria cannonaria, new species. Male.—Body light drab, the abdomen with fine white segmental lines. Wings light orange yellow; cilia white with quadrate black spots, and suffused at base with buff pink. Fore wing: a postmedial cinnamon drab elongated spot on costa; apex broadly black narrowing to just below vein 3 at termen; sub- terminal buff pink points on veins 7 and 8. Hind wing: apex more narrowly black containing a triangular light orange yellow spot on costa. Fore wing below as above, the costa and apex argus brown; a vertical white postmedial line from costa to vein 6; an inbent white line before apex to below vein 7; a dentate white marginal line from above vein 5 to vein 3. Hind wing below argus brown, the markings white; base of costa down bent as a broad fascia through end of cell to termen between veins 4 and 5; a dark spot at upper angle of cell on fascia; an antemedial line from fascia to inner margin; a medial curved line above and below fascia; a white mark at apex and short line at anal angle. Expanse 31 mm. Habitat—Volcan Sta Maria, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 33272, U. S. N. M. Named in honor of Mr. H. W. Cannon, a subscriber to the Dognin Collection Fund. THREE NEW PHLAOTHRIPIDZ (THYSANOPTERA) FROM THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. By J. Douctas Hoop, University of Rochester. One of the new species described below was collected nearly forty years ago by the late Theodore Pergande, of the Bureau 1Contribution from the Entomological Laboratories of Cornell University. 112 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 5, MAY, 1927 of Entomolgy. The two remaining ones were taken by Mr. John E. Walter, of the Federal Horticultural Board. Paratypes of all have been deposited in the U. S. National Museum, while the holotypes, allotypes, and such of the paratypes as have not been returned to Mr. Walter, will remain in the collection of the author. Haplothrips rectipennis, sp. nov. (Pl; figs. 1 and)2%) Female (macropterous).—Length about 1.6 mm. Color brown, with bright red subhypodermal pigmentation; fore tarsi yellow, other tarsi and tips of fore tibiee yellowish brown; segments 3-5 of antenne bright yellow, 6 yellowish brown, 7 and 8 blackish brown; wings clear. Head, Plate 5, fig. 1, about 1.2 times as long as wide, broadest behind eyes, sides slightly rounded, decidedly narrowed to base, which is 0.85 the greatest width of head; vertex slightly produced in front of eyes and overhanging inser- tion of antenne, the anterior ocellus nearly attaining frontal costa and directed forward; dorsal and lateral surfaces almost perfectly smooth, without distinct anastomosing lines, the minute bristles barely distinguishable; postocular bristles pointed, one-third as long as head and dark in color. Eyes about 0.37 as long as head and 0.84 as wide as their interval. Ocelli anterior in position, the posterior pair decidedly in advance of middle of eyes. Antenne fully 1.8 times as long as head; segments 3 and 4 subequal, slightly longer than 2 and 5, 3 symmetrical, swollen apically, only about 1.6 times as long as wide; 8 rather long and slender, not closely united to 7; sense-cone formula: 3, 1-2; 4, 2-2; 5, 1-1+1; 6, 1-1+!; 7 with the usual one on dorsum near apex. Mouth cone sub-acute, reaching two-thirds across prosternum. Prothorax about 2.1 times as broad across coxee as median length of pronotum, which is about 0.64 the length of head, surface perfectly smooth; anterior mar- ginal bristles very minute, all others present, nearly or quite pointed, dark brown in color, the epimeral pair equal to postoculars, and the posterior margi- nals, midlaterals, and anterior angulars successively shorter, the last named hardly half the length of postoculars. Mesoscutum very delicately marked with transverse anastomosing lines; metascutum rather closely and deeply longitudinally striate in a narrow patch at each side of base. Wings not at all narrowed at middle; fore pair with 8 or 9 accessory hairs; third subbasal bristle slighty longer, slenderer, paler, and more pointed than the other two. Tarsal tooth very minute. Abdomen only slightly wider than pterothorax, almost perfectly smooth. Tube about 0.7 as long as head, nearly 1.8 times as long as basal width, which is more than twice the apical, sides nearly straight. Bristles long and pointed, those at apex of segment 9 much longer than tube; terminal bristles about equal in length to tube. Measurements (principally of holotype), 9: Length 1.56 mm.; head, length 0.198 mm., greatest width 0.168 mm., width at base 0.144 mm.; eyes, length 0.074 mm., width 0.052 mm., interval 0.062 mm.; postocular bristles, length 0.068 mm.; prothorax, median length of pronotum 0.127 mm.; width across PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 5, MAY, 1927. 113 cox 0.273 mm.; pterothorax, width 0.309 mm.; abdomen, width 0.345 mm.; tube, length 0.140 mm., width at base 0.079 mm., at apex 0.037 mm. Antennal segments: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Length (u) A0r S2n55 56 52 48 47°32 Width (“) St oo ote oa Sl 25 24) 12 Total length of antenna 0.38 mm. Male (macropterous).—Like female in all essential respects, but with head somewhat longer, abdomen slenderer, and fore legs (particularly the femora) enlarged as usual, the tarsus with a strong tooth. Described from 19 females and 2 males taken by Mr. John E. Walter at Washington, D. C. (Rock Creek Park), July 26, 1924, on leaves of blueberry (““Vaccinium, probably vacillans’’) [Hood No. 549]. Paratype—Catalogue No. 40283, U. S. Nat. Mus. Notwithstanding the non-narrowed wings, I have placed this species in Hap/othrips because it 1s otherwise thoroughly typical of that genus. The wing character just mentioned, taken to- gether with the antennal coloration and the form of the third antennal segment, make it easily recognizable. Rhynchothrips usitatus, sp. nov. (Bie Serhigsass Osand aie) Female (macropterous).—Length about 1.7 mm. Color dark blackish brown (black to the naked eye); all femora brown, becoming rather abruptly pale lemon yellow in distal two-thirds or more of lower surface, the fore femora pale at apex also; fore and middle tibia dark blackish brown along upper surface (especially basally), remainder pale yellow; posterior tibize blackish brown, darkest at base, paler ventrally and distally; all tarsi brownish yellow; antenne pale yellow in segments 1-4, segment 5 tinged with brown, 6 brown with yellow pedicel, 7 and 8 blackish brown, the former with paler pedicel; fore wings dark brown at base, shading to very pale brown at tip and along margins, the dark color predominating in basal half. Head about 1.17 times as wide as long, broadest behind eyes; cheeks rounded, decidedly converging posteriorly, the head at base about 0.85 the greatest width; dorsal and lateral surfaces striate with rather widely spaced anastomos- ing lines which become stronger and more reticulate on vertex, and with the usual minute transparent bristles; vertex broadly rounded in front, overhang- ing insertion of antenne, and bearing the anterior ocellus at its extremity; postocular bristles fully as long as eyes, almost pointed, nearly black. Eyes about 0.36 as long as head and about 0.86 as wide as their interval. Ocelli situated well forward. Antenne about 2.67 times as long as head, rather more slender than usual in the genus; segment 3 about 2.25 times as long as wide; 4 a little less than twice as long as wide; 8 slender, elongate-conical, rather broadly united to 7; sense-cone formula: 3, 0-1; 4, 1-2; 5, 1-1+1; 6, 1-1+1; 7 with one on dorsum near apex. Mouth cone long and acute, reaching well onto mesosternum. 114 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 5, MAY, 1927 Prothorax about 2.77 times as wide across cox as median length of pronotum, with a short dark median line in anterior portion only, surface without sculp- ture; all bristles present, blunt but not knobbed, nearly black in color, outer pair at posterior angles decidedly longer and stronger than postoculars, inner pair about equal to postoculars and twice as long as the two pairs on anterior margin, midlaterals about 0.8 as long as postoculars. Pterothorax decidedly wider than prothorax, sides convex. Wings of fore pair rather broad, of equal width throughout, and with the three subbasal bristles about equal to mid- laterals in color, size, and form; about 8 accessory hairs on posterior margin. Legs rather long and slender, fore tarsi unarmed. Abdomen rather large and heavy, fully 1.4 times as wide as prothorax. Tube about 0.85 as long as head, 1.8 times as long as basal width, and 2.18 times as wide as at apex, sides slightly concave. Bristles dully pointed, dark brown; lateral bristles on segment 9 about 0.7 as long as tube, much shorter than terminal bristles. Measurements of female.—Length 1.71 mm.; head, length 0.176 mm., greatest width 0.206 mm., width at base 0.176 mm.; eyes, length 0.064 mm., width 0.060 mm., interval 0.070 mm.; postocular bristles, length 0.068 mm.; prothorax, median length of pronotum 0.122 mm., width across coxe 0.338 mm.; ptero- thorax, width 0.398 mm.; abdomen, width 0.480 mm.; tube, length 0.150 mm., width at base 0.083 mm., at apex 0.038 mm. Antennal seements:) (1) 12 83 4a eS 6 977 8 Length (“) A8y 56 7/2) 7/2) 164) 161 59588 Width («) 35-38 SD S7 SS Sil. By 1S Total length of antenna 0.47 mm. Male (macropterous).—Length about 1.2mm. More slender than female and with slenderer antenne. Segment 3 of antenna about 2.3 times as long as wide; 4 slightly less than twice'as long as wide. Fore tarsi unarmed. Tube about 0.87 as long as head, hardly twice as long as basal width, which is nearly 2.1 times the apical. Measurements of male.—Length 1.24 mm.; head, length 0.170 mm., width 0.185 mm., width at base 0.154 mm.; eyes, length 0.060 mm., width 0.054 mm., interval 0.069 mm.; postocular bristles, length 0.062 mm.; prothorax, median length of pronotum 0.106 mm., width across coxe 0.297 mm.; pterothorax, width 0.353 mm.; abdomen, width 0.383 mm.; tube, length 0.148 mm., width at base 0.075 mm., at apex 0.036 mm. Antennal segments: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Length () 42 49 69 66 65°60 52,134 Width (x) 33) 80" 307344280) 1271279 AD Total length of antenna 0.44 mm. Described from 6 females and 3 males collected by Mr. John E. Walter at Washington, D. C. (Rock Creek Park), July 26, 1924, on Rhus copallina [Hood No. 548}. Paratype-—Catalogue No. 40284, U. S. Nat. Mus. This species is very closely related, indeed, to RA. debilis Hood, described and still known from only one male taken in PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 5, MAY, 1927 115 New Jersey, but I can not reconcile it with that species because the three males before me differ constantly in the shorter, broader tube and the stouter antennae. The italicized charac- ters in the above description of the male emphasize these differences. Trichothrips pergandei, sp. nov. (Pl. 5, figs. 3 and 4.) Female (apterous).—Length about 1.5 mm. Color clear brownish yellow (golden yellow under microscope, in balsam mounts), with conspicuous subhypo- dermal pigmentation in head, thorax, and abdomen, this pigmentation orange- yellow by reflected light and (because of its opacity) black by transmitted light, densest in pterothorax and basal abdominal segments, almost wanting in head; tube and antenne not at all darkened nor shaded in any part. Head very slightly longer than wide, narrowest at posterior margin of eyes, broadest midway between them and base, which is only slightly broader than width behind eyes; dorsal and lateral surfaces without sculpture, but with a few minute and almost invisible bristles; vertex flat, evenly declivous; postocular bristles dilated at apex, hardly one-third as long as head. Eyes greatly reduced, only three facets visible on lateral profile. Ocelli wanting. Antenne about twice as long as head, stout, segments 3-8 pedicellate; sense cones prominent because of their location on the exact profile of the segments; formula: 3, 1-1; 4, 1-1; 5, 1-1+1; 6, 1-1+!; 7 with one at apex, toward outer margin. Mouth cone broadly rounded, reaching about half way across prosternum; labrum blunt, hardly attaining tip of labium. Prothorax rather large, lobed behind; pronotum along median line distinctly shorter than head; across coxe about 1.77 times as wide as length of head, anterior marginal bristles wanting, a// other bristles dilated at apex, the two Pairs at posterior angles, the midlateral, and the coxal about equal to post- oculars, those at anterior angles shorter. Pterothorax only a little narrower than prothorax. Legs stout; fore tarsus armed with a strong, sharp, somewhat hooked tooth. Abdomen about 1.2 times as wide as prothorax; bristles long, especially those of the lateral series on segments 4-7 and the three long pairs on segment 9, all of these pointed; all other bristles dilated at tip, except the pointed terminal bristles, which are shorter than tube; all bristles yellowish. Tube about 0.85 as long as head, fully twice as long as basal width, and nearly 2.4 times as wide at base as at apex, sides slightly concave. Measurements of holotype (2 ).—Length 1.49 mm.; head, length 0.211 mm., greatest width 0.204 mm., width behind eyes 0.177 mm., width at base 0.186 mm.; eyes, length 0.038 mm., width 0.030 mm., interval 0.120 mm.; postocular bristles, length 0.064 mm.; prothorax, length of pronotum 0.188 mm., width across coxe 0.374 mm.; pterothorax, width 0.363 mm.; abdomen, width 0.450 mm.; tube, length 0.180 mm., width at base 0.086 mm., at apex 0.036 mm. Antennalssezments:.) Lyle Si eo) no Length (u) 54) 62) 164) 549 2522 50) 48" 5i7 Width (#) 50° 42°42" 4) 6 40) "36." 30) © 21 Total length of antenna 0.44 mm. i 116 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 5, MAY, 1927 Male (apterous ).—Smaller than female, but with the prothorax heavier and the abdomen more slender, otherwise nearly identical; tarsal tooth stout, nearly equilaterally triangular. d Described from one female and four males, as follows: Districr oF CotumstaA: Washington, September 22, 1890, among rotting leaves, Theodore Pergande; 1 9? (Aolotype),3 2 (allotype and paratypes). Marytanr: Plummer’s Island, September 14, 1913, under dead leaves, J. D. Hood; 1 & (paratype). Paratypes.—Catalogue No. 40285, U. S. Nat. Mus. This species is dedicated to the late Theodore Pergande, who collected it and who had assigned to it a manuscript name. It is one of our most distinct species. The uniform yellow color, capitate bristles, pedicellate terminal antennal segment, and the unusual sense-cone formula are very distinctive. ExpLANATION OF PLATE 5. (Inez D’Amanda, Clara Husted, and J. D. H., del.) Fig. 1.—Haplothrips rectipennis Hood, 9, paratype, head and prothorax; all bristles on appendages omitted. Fig. 2.—Haplothrips rectipennis Hood, 9, holotype, right antenna. Fig. 3.—Trichothrips pergandei Hood, @, holotype, head and prothorax; all bristles on appendages omitted. Fig. 4.—Trichothrips pergandei Hood, &%, allotype, right antenna. Fig. 5.—Rhynchothrips usitatus Hood, 9, holotype, head and prothorax; all bristles on appendages omitted. ‘Fig. 6.—Rhynchothrips usitatus Hood, 9, holotype, left antenna; all sense cones and bristles omitted. Fig. 7.—Rhynchothrips usitatus Hood, 9, holotype, left fore wing. A CHANGE OF NAME IN ANOBIIDAE (COLEOPTERA). By W. S. Fisuer, Bureau of Entomology. Dr. E. Martini has informed me that the name Nevermannia, which I used for a genus of Coleoptera from a termite nest in Costa Rica (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 29, 1927, p. 49), was previously used by Enderlein for a genus of fossil Simulidae from East Prussia (Zoologischer Anzeiger, vol. 53, 1921, p. 75). This error was caused by the name not being included in the index to the new genera in the Zoological Record, so I am here- with proposing Nevermannus new name for Nevermannia Fisher (not Enderlein). NOTE. The address of the retiring president of this society, Dr. J. M. Aldrich, entitled ‘‘The Limitations of Taxonomy,” was pub- lished in Science, April 22, 1927, Vol. LXV, pp. 381-385.—Ed. SS /, Yyy GA INNS Ying if ASS SS Vi \ WN 118 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 5, MAY, 1927 DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW SPECIES OF SUCKING LICE, TOGETHER WITH A KEY TO SOME RELATED SPECIES OF THE GENUS POLYPLAX. By H. E. Ewine, U. S. Bureau of Entomology. In this paper three new species of sucking lice, or Anoplura, are described, and a key to four of the species of the spinulosa group of the genus Po/yplax is given. One of the new species comes from an American mouse, one from an American deer and one from the gorilla. HAEMATOPINIDAE. Polyplax alaskensis, new species. Male.—Head almost as broad as long and not produced into a median process posteriorly. First segment of antenna much broader than any of the others and as broad as long; second segment longer than broad and about half as broad as the first; third segment with anterior appendage well developed and bearing a very short, stout spine at tip; fourth segment broader than long; fifth segment slightly longer than broad and not so broad as fourth segment. At the angle of each temporal lobe is situated a very large seta and in front of it two smaller ones, the most anterior being the shortest. Thorax as broad as long. Spiracles directly over the second coxae and in diameter equal to about one-fourth the width of the latter. Sternum about as broad as long, at its broadest place overlapping the second coxae, and with the posterior, median process extending to between the inner processes of the third coxae. Abdomen rather slender. Setae on tergites and sternites not flattened, al- most straight. First pleurite unchitinized in the middle, its ventral seta larger than its dorsal and almost as long as the pleurite itself; second pleurite chiti- nized at the middle, barely enclosing the spiracle at its ventral border, and bearing one discal and two marginal setae, the ventral marginal being the longest and stoutest and equaling the pleurite itself in length; third pleurite similar to the second except that the discal seta is the longest and the ventral marginal one the shortest, this latter seta being not over a third the length of the pleurite; fourth pleurite and its setae similar to the third; fifth similar to the fourth but the position of the discal seta is more ventral, and the ventral marginal seta is somewhat longer; sixth pleurite much more slender than the fifth, with the spiracle ventrally placed and the marginal setae subequal, very long and somewhat flagelliform, also the discal seta is situated more ventral than the ventral, posterior seta; seventh and last pleurite similar to but shorter than the sixth and without discal seta. Genital armature of the spinulosa type; basal plate with incurved and thick- ened lateral margins which are continued backward into enlarged, truncate, articulating processes bearing the parameres; parameres much reduced, angu- late laterally, articulating with processes of basal plate along a surface that is at an angle of about 45° to median plane, extending forward scarcely beyond the articulations with processes of basal plate; pseudopenis a very large, up- PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 5, MAY, 1927 119 turned hook with basal process, and about twice the length of parameres; no well-developed penis present. Legs as in the spinulosa group of species. Length, 1.02 mm.; width, 0.31 mm. Type host and type locality —Microtus sp., from Alaska. Type.—Cat. No. 40159, U. S. N. M. . Described from a single male in excellent condition, taken from Microtus sp. in Alaska, May 17, 1924, by A. H. Twitchell. This species differs from spimulosa (Burmeister), serrata (Bur- meister) and reclinata (Nitzsch) in the shape of the sixth pleural plates which are narrower and differently shaped from the typical ones and in having the unpaired discal seta on the typical pleural plates situated differently. P. spinulosa and P. reclinata have three setae on the typical pleural plates, but the unpaired seta is much smaller and usually situated at or on the posterior margin. The relationships of this new species to three of the species of the spinu/osa group are further indicated in a key that follows. Key to Four Related Species of the spinulosa Group of the genus Polyplax. 1. Setae on typical pleural plates longer than the plates themselves; spiracles let foxes: AReae te Une Dy Rema een a OU WCISE Ea are teen hh UL ea P. reclinata (Nitzsch). Setae on typical pleural plates much shorter than the plates themselves; Spinaclessinallleis he W008 ah ii 6 en alse pn eI Baka Hel (ahi 5 alt DZ. . Parameres of male genital armature large, distinctly crescentic and longer than thes pseudopemiss:+. seis: 2). bas ees P. spinulosa (Burmeister). Parameres of male genital armature much smaller, not crescentic and much Shatter thane the pseadopenis: 21.2-.0 » ars Seana eens © See A a 3: 3. Sternal plate as broad as long; articulating processes of basal plate (of male genital armature) enlarged and truncate distally; parameres angulate on outside margin. Larger, stouter species........ P. alaskensis, new species. Sternal plate longer than broad; articulating processes of basal plate at- tenuated distally; parameres not angulate on outside margin. Smaller ayiuel jenote SUS alee Gooey ee P. serrata (Burmeister). to Linognathus panamensis, new species. Female.—Head small. Forehead short, slightly swollen, dome- or crown- shaped; broader than long. Antennae long, equal to the head in length; first segment the broadest, as broad as long; second segment slightly longer than the first; third slightly shorter and slightly narrower than the second; fourth broader than the third and broader than long, its sense area covering about the distal third of posterior margin; fifth segment slightly shorter and narrower than the fourth, its sense area covering about the basal one-half of posterior margin. Thorax broad, with sides diverging posteriorly. Thoracic spiracles large, the anterior margins of spiracular bulbs lying directly over the anterior margins of second coxae; openings of spiracles about one-half the diameter of bulbs. Inside and posterior to the spiracles is situated a pair of setae, each being about 120 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 5, MAY, 1927 as long as a third of the width of the thorax; between this pair and the spiracles is situated a minute pair of setae. Abdomen large and long, the segments bearing typically above and below two very irregular, transverse rows of setae. Pleural setae as follows: A single, very long pair on segment II, a pair of minute setae on segment III and segment IV; a single pair of very long setae on segment V; two pairs of very long, flagelliform setae on segment VI and onsegment VII. The last abdominal segment is deeply incised, the notch being squarish and leaving a pair of pro- jecting lobes. Each of these lobes bears two terminal setae, the outer being the stoutest, and four large marginal setae, some of which are longer than the segment itself. Gonopods slender, convergent and each bearing at its tip three large subequal setae that extend beyond the free margin of the last segment. Legs stout; the last pair very slightly larger than the middle pair. First tarsal claws very long, slender and curved; third tarsal claws slightly longer than second. Length, 1.74 mm.; width, 0.71 mm. Type host and type locality —Odocoileus chiriquensis, from Panama. Types.—Cat. No. 40160, U. S. N. M. Described from a few females which are part of a lot of six specimens obtained from a deer, Odocoileus chiriquensis (U.S. N. M. No. 240843) originally obtained in Panama, but which died at the National Zoological Park, January 28, 1925. This species differs from Linognathus crassicornis Nitzsch, re- ported from Odocoileus columbianus, in a number of characters. Nitzsch’s crassicornis has but a single transverse row of setae for each abdominal segment, and should be placed in Mjoberg’s genus Cervophthirius if this genus is to be recognized, while panamensis has two transverse rows. Also each of the gonopods of crassicornis terminates 1n a stout spine, while in panamensis each terminates in three long setae. PEDICULIDAE. Phthirus gorillae, new species. First nymph.—Head rather small; forehead broader than long. Antennae not equal to the head in length; first segment the shortest, broader than long; second segment longer than first but broader than long; third segment as broad as second and about twice as long. Thorax much broader than long. Thoracic spiracles in usual place, but no larger than the abdominal spiracles; tracheal trunk from spiracles running backward. Abdomen as broad as long and slightly two-lobed behind. Abdominal spiracles situated on tubercles; first pair greatly displaced medially, being situated about half way between the lateral margin of the abdominal segment and the median line; second spiracles displaced about one-half as much as the first and situated between the first and third spiracles; third, fourth, fifth and sixth spiracles lateral in position. Abdomen sparsely studded with medium setae, there being a short transverse row of three on each side, ventrally on PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 5, MAY, 1927 121 the last abdominal segment, in the position of the gonopods of the adult louse. The two outer of these are much longer than the inner one. Legs stout. First pair as long as but much more slender than the others; its tarsal claw long, slender, sharp and much curved, equal in length to the tarsal segment that bears it; tibial thumb small but bearing a straight, sharp spine about one-half as long as the tarsal segment, and two longer setae. Second pair of legs enlarged, equal to the third; tibia broader than femur and with well-developed tibial thumb bearing at its tip a spine and a much longer seta; tarsus longer than tibia and bearing on its inner surface four tooth-like, gripping tubercles; tarsal claw flattened, more or less scoop-like and provided on its inner surface with two large and one small gripping tubercles. Third legs almost complete duplicates of the second, probably a little larger. Length, 0.60 mm.; width, 0.33 mm. Type host and type locality —Gorilla beringeri, from eastern Belgian Congo. Type.—Cat No. 40161, U. S. N. M. This species differs in the first nymphal stage from P. pudis, the only other species in the genus Phthirus, in a number of characters. The third segment of the antenna is much stouter than in pudis; the legs are shorter; the tarsal claws of the second and third legs are much shorter than the tarsi, have three grip- ping tubercles and only slight indications of terminal swellings; while these claws in pudis are about equal to the tarsi in length, have five gripping tubercles, in addition to terminal enlarge- ments. Only first nymphs and eggs obtained from two skins of Gorilla beringeri (U. S. N. M. 239883 and 239884) obtained by Benjamin Burbridge during his expedition for taking moving pictures of the gorilla in eastern Belgian Congo. I collected the material before the skins were tanned but was unable to obtain adult specimens although scores of nits were present on both skins. The nits were placed over many parts of the body, showing that this species is a true body louse and not restricted chiefly to the pubic region like P. pudis. The significance of this species taxonomically and from the standpoint of phy- logeny of both the higher lice and their hosts will be left for consideration in another paper in which it is planned that photographs of the first nymphal instars of both pudzs and gorillae will be given. A BLIND BEETLE EXCAVATED FROM AN EGYPTIAN CITY’S RUINS DATING BETWEEN 117 AND 235 A. D. By Frank E. BiatspeE.t, Sr., San Francisco, California. Fragments of a curious, minute, blind and wingless beetle were referred to the writer from the National Museum in the belief that they might represent a highly specialized subter- ranean form of Tenebrionid, and the result of its examination | { ean Wines & 122 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 5, MAY, 1927 while not permitting positive assignment in either this family nor in the Colydiidae, permits me to record its observed struc- ture only by proposing new generic and specific names. Curious also is the way in which so small a species, whose structure and habits suggest that its entire existence may be passed below the surface of the ground, happened to attract the attention of an entomologist. Headed by Prof. A. E. R. Boak during the winter of 1924/25 the Egyptian Expedition of the University of Michigan made investigations at Kom Washim, Fayoum Province, and brought back the biological, zoological and botanical material found in their archaeological excavations. One of the samples submitted to Mr. H. S. Bar- ber for identification consisted of some large, oval, woody, stem-galls measuring 35 x 28 x 24 mm., having a round exit hole about 7 mm. in diameter near one end of each. From these he believed adults of a large weevil (perhaps Lixus or Cleonus) had issued, and hoping to prove this guess he sectioned certain specimens and searched for remnants of the larval head-capsule of the gall-maker but found only fragments of a clothes moth larva and the beetle here discussed, which must have crawled into the cavity some time since the galls. became buried. Ac- cording to information from Prof. Boak, the Greco-Roman town of Karenis, the ruins of which were being investigated, was inhabited for about 700 years, having been abandoned early in the fifth century, but the galls were found in a private house in the intermediate layer of the city’s ruins, which layer can be dated between the years 117 and 235 A. D. This shows that the galls have been buried for perhaps 1700 years, and as such chitinous fragments decompose with extreme slowness it is very likely that the beetle died there a very long time ago. The rarity and accidental nature of our glimpses of this blind, wing- less, subsoil fauna beneath our feet makes the details of each such critically observed case worthy of record. The specimens received, although very imperfect, comprise most of the exoskeleton of one individual but are in three parts as follows: Head and prothorax, with both anterior legs, greater part of the right antenna and only the first joint of the left; elytra, meso- and metathorax with only the right middle leg; the ventral abdominal segments. Extremely fine pellets of excrementitious matter of some other minute insect adhere to the fragments. On account of the very small size of the beetle and of its being a unique, no attempt could be made to put the appendages in position for study and cleaning was out of the question. After searching the available literature without identifying or associating the species with any that are known, it has been assumed that it is new. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 5, MAY, 1927 123 THAUMAPHRASTUS, new genus. (@adua, (a wonderful thing) + appacros (unexpected).) Head relatively small, somewhat deflexed, occipital condyle large, eyes absent. Antennae arising from the sides of the front; first two joints globular, the first larger than the second, each larger than any following joint; third and fourth smaller and subequal in size; the remaining three joints present small and equal in width. Antennae when at rest received in grooves bounded above by the side of the head, the marginal bead of which is continuous with the thickened and arcuate posterior border of the antennal fossa and, below by the rather prominent margin of the buccal fissure which is continuous with the side of the front and forming a rectangle therewith. Mentum apparently attaining the mandibles, hiding the ligula and labial palpi; maxillary palpi small, terminal joint pointed; basal joints filling the buccal fissure. Genae not in the least prominent and forming the floor of the antennal grooves. Pronotum relatively large and inflated anteriorly to receive the occipital condyle; apex semicircularly arcuate and prominent anteriorly. Propleura with a shallow oval impression anteriorly. Prosternum very short in front of the coxae, not entering between them except for a very short distance. Anterior coxae contiguous, small, slightly prominent, cavities open posteriorly. Elytral suture connate, scutellum not entering between theelytra. Epipleura present, defined superiorly by a fine raised line extending from the humeri to the elytral apex; surface in apical two-thirds continuing the line of the discal curve; in basal third more abruptly deflexed with the surface plane beneath the humeri. Mesosternum slightly prominent along the median line, and slightly ogival when viewed transversely, surface slightly impressed and asperulate in front of the coxae; suture between the meso- and metasternal side pieces visible and slightly oblique, epimera not recognizable from the epister- num; surface obliquely impressed in front of and parallel to the suture, the impression beginning just in front of the humeri. Metasternum broad, short, with lateral surface quite deeply impressed anteriorly at angle, behind and lateral to the middle coxae. Episternum oblong, quite equal in width through- out, metasternal suture distinct; epimera present, apparently triangular, apex at the hind coxa. Middle coxal cavities rounded and narrowly separated by a mesosternal process; coxae small and not prominent, trochantines apparently present. Posterior coxal cavities oval attaining the episternum laterally, dis- tance from the elytral margin quite equal to the width of the coxa; coxae mod- erately widely separated by the obtuse process of the first abdominal segment. Tibial spurs present and minute in size. Anterior and middle tarsi five- jointed. Abdominal segments five, first three apparently connate. Thaumaphrastus karanisensis, new species. Form oblong, color castaneous to castaneo-piceous. Head obtusely angulate and prominent between the antennae, declivous anteriorly; broadly and arcuately impressed behind the eyes, less so on the vertex; surface finely and sparsely punctate. Epistomal area rather narrow, slightly impressed and piceous in color; apex broadly and moderately arcuately 7 SiS See SS 124 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH.,’VOL. 29, NO. 5, MAY, 1927 emarginate, suture not distinct, surface finely punctate. Labrum short, feebly and arcuately emarginate at apex, angles apparently rounded. Mandibles in- adduction, the left cleft at apex, cusps sharp and unequal. Mentum apparently oblong with lateral edges slightly prominent. Antennal fossa not beaded an- teriorly, but rather coarsely margined posteriorly and continuously so with the sides of head. Antennal joints closely articulated. Pronotum about a fourth wider than long; apex broadly, evenly and semi- circularly arcuate, continuously so with the sides, the latter broadly arcuate, becoming broadly and feebly sinuate, as well as moderately convergent in about basal third, margins briefly subparallel before the small, nearly rectangular basal angles, a marginal bead not discernable, the lateral edge apparently extremely finely, microscopically denticulate; base lobed, lobe broadly and strongly arcuate, feebly and broadly sinuate laterally within the angles; disk strongly convex and evidently inflated anteriorly, much less so posteriorly, more strongly declivous antero-laterally than posteriorly, finely and sparsely punc- tate, punctures not denser laterally, each with a very minute pale hair. Pro- pleura microscopically sculptured. Elytra conjointly, broadly, evenly and quite semi-circularly rounded at apex, continuously so with the feebly arcuate sides which are slightly con- vergent to the humeri; the latter rather narrowly rounded and not in the least prominent laterally; base broadly and arcuately emarginate, not margined, but very narrowly rounded and inflexed; disk rather depressed, estriate, feebly convex, arcuately declivous at the sides, more broadly and evenly so posteriorly, at the humeri the surface is more abruptly and rather sharply inflexed; surface quite smooth, sparsely, evenly punctate, punctures fine and slightly oval longi- tudinally, shallow and not impressed, slightly larger basally; floor of the punc- tures whitish giving the impression of the presence of a minute hair. Epipleura moderately wide, plane and nearly vertical in basal third, thence gradually taking the curve of the elytral disk, gradually narrowing to apex. Parapleura impunctate. Meta-sternum sparsely and relatively coarsely punctate. Abdomen subglabrous, first ventral segment apparently as long or longer than the second, third and fourth taken together; the fifth broadly rounded at apex, evenly convex and about as long as the third and fourth taken together; intercoxal process of first segment obtusely pointed at apex, sides slightly arcuate, a little wider at base than long. First segment sparsely, finely and distinctly punctate; remaining segments very finely and sparsely punctulate. Legs.—Left middle and posterior two missing. Anterior legs stout, femur and tibia subequal in length, the former slightly swollen and sparsely punctate; tibia gradually widening from base to apex, apical margin fringed with exceed- ingly fine, short spinules, external edge not denticulate; spurs short and fine. Tarsi rather stout and compact; first joint short, rather wider than long; second third and fourth quite equal in length, fifth feebly elongate narrowing slightly apically; planta with fine hair-like setae along the margins. Ungues small, slightly arcuate and sharp. Right middle femur and tibia sparsely pubescent or extremely finely spinulose. Measurements.—Length about 1.2 mm.; width .5 mm. Named from a unique, No. 24—5024B. Collected by the Ann Arbor Expedition. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 5, MAY, 1927. 125 Thaumaphrastus can not positively be referred to the right one of the great Complexes on account of the absence of the posterior tarsi. The facies of the insect forbids its being placed in one of the heteromerous series unless it be the Tenebrionidae or Monommidae. It can not belong to the former on account of the open anterior coxal cavities, and besides, the antennae are evidently capitate as indicated by the presence of an oval depression on the anterior surface of the propleura in line with the antennal grooves. In facies the species resembles 4g/enus Gyll. of the Colydiidae and not at all in harmony with the Monommidae. It probably belongs to the Isomera, and here it is difficult to decide on the Series on account of the imperfect condition of the insect. It can with certainty be said not to belong to the Adephaga, Lamellicornia or Phytophaga. There remain then only the Clavicornia and Serricornia. The facies and structure afhliates the species with the Clavicornia, and yet it is in discord with all but possibly the Cryptophagidae and Colydiidae. It may belong to a different and closely related family or genus un- known to the North American fauna. The affinities will have to be determined by some student acquainted with the northern African or Mediterranean fauna. If the species should be already known, it is hoped that the present report will facilitate the recognition of this interesting blind beetle. EXPLANATION OF THE Ficures, PLATE 6. 1.—Dorsal view of pronotum and head; 2.—Dorsal view of the elytra; 3.—An- terior view of the head, showing the epistomal region and labrum; 4.—Dia- grammatic side view of head and apical portion of the propleura, showing: (a) antennal fossa; (b) antennal groove and (c) position of the oval depression on propleura near apex; 5.—Anterior leg; 6.—Ventral view of the prothorax; 7.—Ventral view of the meso- and metathorax. TWO NEW SPECIES OF HARMOLITA (HYMENOPTERA). By W. J. Puitites, Entomologist, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Department of Agriculture. This paper adds two species to the list of our North American jointworms. The genus E/ymus incidentally is found to be the host for one of these. This genus is already by far the most favored group of host plants arong our wild and cultivated grasses. The list of Harmolita now inhabiting our various species of Elymus is as follows: H. ovata, H. hesperus, H. rufipes, H. elymi, H. elymoxena, H. elymophila, H. elymophthora, H. elymivora, H. elymicola, H. elymophaga. i PLATE 6 . PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL UU Smee ge . 29 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 5, MAY, 1927. 127 Harmolita elymophaga, n. sp. Female.—Length 3 mm. The individuals of this species are slender. Prae- scutum rugulose; pronotum reticulate, shining, often with irregular, broad, shallow impression. Head broader than pronotum. Scutellum feebly rugulose, rather strongly convex and sparsely hairy. Pronotal spots dull and medium sized, occupying fully half of anterior dorsal margin of prothorax. Propodeum with a distinct, broad, shallow, median, immargined, longitudinal groove at least in the anterior half; occasionally the groove is continuous but more often it fades out posteriorly Propodeum most often somewhat graru- lose within and laterad of the groove. The propodeum is not so strongly rugose as in many other species, for example H. tritici. When the specimen is viewed in lateral profile the abdomen is distinctly longer than the head and thorax combined. The abdomen is narrowly lanceolate. First tergite beyond the petiole comprising about one-fifth of the entire length of the abdomen; second tergite shortest, fourth the longest and three, five and six about the same length. The legs are much darker in some specimens, varying from testaceous to almost pitchy black. Basal half of upper surface of front femora and all of the middle and hind femora testaceous to fuscous; sometimes the middle and hind femora quite black Front tibiae and knees testaceous; middle and hind tibiae varying from testaceous to fuscous. Antennae (PI. 7, c) 11-jointed; club 3-jointed, its joints slightly wider than the preceding joints; first funicle and ring joint together about same length as pedicel. Usually none of the segments appear quadrate but some specimens show the fifth funicle and first club joints quadrate. Forewings reach about to the tip of the abdomen; marginal vein twice as long as stigmal; postmarginal and stigmal vein about the same length. Species small to medium in size. Male.—Length 2.3 mm. Punctation of thorax as in female. Pronotal spots large, occupying about half of anterior dorsal margin of the prothorax; spots dull. Propodeum with a complete, margined groove; somewhat granulose within and laterad of the groove. Petiole granulose; nearly twice as long as broad and nearly as long as the hind coxae. Legs colored as in female but darker. Antennae (PI. 7, f): flagellum plus pedicel longer than head and thorax com- bined; hairs on the first joint of flagellum not quite half as long as the last antennal segment; last segment bearing a small tubercle which is about twice as long as broad. Scape, as seen in lateral profile, with a distinct shoulder at distal extremity; scape broadest at distal extremity and broader than flagellar segments. The first articulation of the flagellar joints has no annulations; the second articulation has one, and there are three at each of the other articula- tions. Type locality, Lind, Washington. Type.—Cat. No. 40416, U. S. Nat. Mus. Described from twenty-six females bearing labels, “‘reared i aN a > 7 SS oa Fs SS Daa anes =. ay ee ee 128 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 5, MAY, 1927 from Elymus condensatus Presl. by M. C. Lane from Lind, Wash- ington” and two males and one female bearing labels, “reared from Elymus triticoides, Bird’s Landing, Cal., by B. G. Thomp- son. This species perhaps comes nearer H. festucae than to any of our other species, but may be separated from it on the following characters: thorax not so coarsely rugulose, the abdomen stouter, and the propodeal groove not so strongly developed. Harmolita kingi, n. sp. Female.—Length 3.07 mm. The individuals of this species are rather stout. Praescutum rugulose; pronotum somewhat rugulose but more shiny than prae- scutum; scutellum rugulose, convex and sparsely hairy; pronotal spots very large, occupying two-thirds of anterior dorsal margin of the prothorax. Head broader than pronotum. Propodeum with a narrow, deep, immargined, median, longitudinal groove, which is broader anteriorly; usually granulose laterad of groove though it may be very rugose laterad of the groove. When viewed in lateral profile the abdomen looks shorter than the head and thorax combined, but by actual measurement it equals the head and thorax in length. Abdomen ovate; first tergite beyond the petiole between a fifth and a fourth the length of the abdomen; second tergite shortest; third, fifth and sixth about equal in length; fourth tergite longest; sometimes the second almost as long as third; sometimes the fourth tergite but little longer than the third, fifth or sixth. Legs varying in color from fuscous to testaceous; basal half of upper surface of front femora, basal two-thirds of middle and hind femora and middle and hind tibiae fuscous; knees and front tibiae testaceous. Antennae (PI. 7, d.) 11-jointed; club 3-jointed and but little if any broader than the preceding segments. The first funicle plus the ring joint about same length as pedicel; usually none of the funicle joints are quadrate although occa- sionally a specimen shows the fifth funicle almost quadrate. Forewings reaching very distinctly beyond the tip of the abdomen. Marginal vein twice as long as stigmal; postmarginal vein very slightly longer than stigmal. Species medium in size. Male.—Length 2.3 mm. Punctation of the thorax same as in the female. Pronotal spots small to medium; spots dull. Propodeum with a complete, margined groove; most often granulose laterad of groove. Petiole granulose; about two-thirds as long as hind coxae; not twice as long as broad. Legs colored as in female but considerably darker. Antennae (PI. 7, ¢): flagellum plus pedicel equal in length to head and thorax combined. Hairs on first flagellar joint about half as long as last joint of flagellum. The last segment of the antenna has no distinct tubercle, though it is drawn out at the tip, giving it quite a pointed appearance. Scape, as seen in lateral profile, with a pronounced shoulder near the distal extremity; scape broadest near the distal extremity and broader than the flagellar joints. There PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 5, MAY, 1927 129 is not more than one distinct annulation at any of the articulations of the flagel- lar joints and these are not always clearly defined. Type locality, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. Type.—Cat. No. 40417, U. S. Nat. Mus. Described from 18 females and 12 males, reared, according to record on pins, from galls in the stems of Hordeum jubatum L. by Kenneth M. King, at Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. This species perhaps comes nearer H. ovata than to any of our other species but may be separated from it on the following characters: legs darker; praescutum less coarsely sculptured; pronotal spots usually duller; propodeum more often granulose; flagellar joints not quadrate. PLATE 7. a—Ovipositor of Harmolita kingi. b= - Harmolita elymophaga. c—Antenna of female of Harmolita elymophaga. ad 2 ‘ Harmolita kingt. = Py male of Harmolita kingi. f— : ‘“ Harmolita elymophaga. PROBLEMS IN TAXONOMY. By A. N. Caupe tt, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Department of Agriculture. Dr. B. Uvarov, now of the British Museum, has written rather laudably of Francis Walker’s works on the Orthoptera and rather disparagingly of that of the late Mr. Kirby.!. This praise of the work of Walker seems worthy of being called to the attention of readers, for it is rarely indeed that one takes up the cudgel in de- fense of that prolific describer of species. But whether this praise is justifiable is at least debatable. The fact that Walker often gives wing length when he really means wing expanse, that he describes a Tettigoniid nymph as a short-winged species with- out an indication of its obvious immaturity, and his generally unsatisfactory descriptions, make this tardy praise of his work rather noteworthy. In addition to this Dr. Uvarov’s some- what severe criticism of the work of his predecessor, Mr. Kirby, makes his contribution worthy of consideration. That Kirby was a better compiler than a systematist is probably indisputable but that his Synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera, which ap- peared almost half a century after Walker’s death, has served to make the recognition of Walker’s species more difficult seems doubtful. It is to be deplored, it is true, that Kirby did not more accurately place Walker’s species of which the types were available, but in spite of this fault one can but admit that this 1 Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 265, 1925. PROC. ENT. SGC. WASH., VOL. 29 PLATE 7 “HN i wee oe See so Se ee ee eee ee oe nr = S tes) SE SeeaSSer seers PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 5, MAY, 1927 ts! catalogue is one of the best comprehensive catalogues of the Orthoptera ever printed. When one considers the field i cluded, it is remarkably complete, relatively few species being omitted. Gross carelessness appears to have been chiefly responsible for the generally unsatisfactory character of Walker’s work, but that cause does not apply in the case of some equally deplorable instances occurring here and there in the systematic field. Thus it was not carelessness that caused the late Dr. Hancock to leave the Tetriginae in a condition that seems almost hopeless, in which state the group must remain until some comprehensive revisional work is done on it. Hancock’s trouble seems to have been a remarkableinability to construct a practicable dichotomus key. Any one who has tried to use almost any one of his keys will realize how absolutely impossible it is to do this. Another fault with Dr. Hancock was that he, like many other workers in rather restricted groups, acquired such an intimate famili- arity with his subjects that he could see, or thought he could, differences wholly imperceptible to the more general worker. This led him into describing as new certain species the types of which appear quite identical to less discerning students. That the making of determinations in the Tetriginae is fraught with much difficulty is illustrated by the lists of determinations of Indian forms by Kirby, a general worker of experience, and the determinations of the same material by Hancock as set forth in contrast on page 132, Recd. Ind. Mus., vol. xi, (1915). There is barely a point of agreement in these results. The worrying over inadequate descriptions of a Walker and the struggling with the hopelessly arranged keys of a Hancock are but some of the woes of the general systematist. Other dis- couraging difficulties that confront him all too often are the constantly encountered contradictions in published keys and descriptions. Of the many examples of this which might be cited the following will serve to illustrate this tha be a general key by Shelford, Gen. Insectorum, Fasc. 109, p. 2, the genus Platyzosteria, separates from certain allies on ‘the character of ocelli being present in that genus. But turning to the de- scription of Platyzosteria on page 5 we are confronted with the statement that the ocelli are absent. Through inadvertence erroneous or misleading statements are sometimes made by our best and most careful workers. Thus Mr. Hebard described his dectician genus Cyrtophyllicus as with the posterior tibiae armed below with two apical spurs; he should have said there were two on each side, four in all. Indefinite alternates as contained in keys, present another source of difficulty to be contended with. ‘Size larger with vertex relatively narrower” is the opposite of “Size smaller with vertex relatively broader,” but these are poor alternates for a a —_ Sra Ff WE r fe i t al 1 ee = Sas 132 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 5, MAY,,. 1927 use ina key. The expressions “Antennae with from seventeen to twenty-two segments,” and “Antennae with from twenty to thirty segments” are scarcely better. At the present time it is practically impossible, in the writer’s opinion, for any one, even the most gifted, to produce a wholly satisfactory revision or monograph of any comprehensive group, widely distributed. To do this would necessitate the posses- sion by the monographer of either the type or a good description of every species concerned. In no comprehensive group of im- portance is this now possible. Of course it is theoretically true that a worker may travel the world over and see all extant types, but has this ever been done? Even if this were attempted it would surely result that in some and possibly many cases, the types would be lost or unavailable, and then the species would have to be entered from meager and often wholly inadequate descriptions. The publication in obscure places of matter of systematic importance, too brief, carelessly made, or otherwise inadequate descriptions of species, nonfunctional keys, careless and mis- leading statements of writers, inaccessibility of types through universal distribution of such material, lack of proper coordina- tion of taxonomic work and conflicting rules, opinions and de- cisions of current codes of nomenclature are factors fast leading to systematic chaos in entomology. Synonymy is multiplying at an alarming rate and it seems inevitable that some radical changes must soon be made. Such changes eventually will very surely be brought about, and the first step very likely will be the selection of a new taxonomic genesis, a date to replace 1758. This date probably will be that of some general and comprehensive work by divers authors, comparable to Wyts- man’s Genera Insectorum, in which there will be no synonymy and perhaps no citation of previous literature. After this change is made matters will continue very much as they are now, and have been since the time of Linnaeus; synonymy will at once commence to multiply and confusion will soon again reign, and within a century or so conditions will become as bad as or worse than they are now. It is here predicated that this will finally lead to a change that will promise lasting and satis- factory results; viz: the selection of still another commencing date correlating with an international exchange of type ma- terial, thus assembling all types of given groups in one of several selected collections, and the compulsory description of new entities in certain authorized places of publication after sub- mitting types to designated depositories for comparison and permanent preservation. It is to be regretted that the present age is one which probably would not allow even the serious proposal of such a desirable, though radical, revolution. Actual date of publication, Fuly 11, 1927. EDITORIAL. It is sad to contemplate the fact that the almost venerable but utterly irrepressible C. H. Tyler Townsend has brought forth still another taxonomic monstrosity in the form of descrip- tions of the Muscoidean flies in a code which would do credit to Edgar Allen Poe’s cryptogram in its abstruse complexities.! For many years Dr. Townsend has been engaged in “piling Pelion on Ossa” for posterity to wrestle with, but nothing he has hitherto perpetrated on a long suffering scientific fraternity begins to approach in absurdity his most recent lapsus calami. The code which he now proposes to inflict on systematists con- tains more than one hundred symbols, most of which are new to his readers. It amounts practically to a new, synthetic, language which his prospective readers will be compelled to learn before they may be able to translate his recent paroxysms of taxonomy into the “king’s English.” Here is a sample from the middle of a description: “the lower part % cw; ch 1/3 el; 2 st, 3 pi and ps, 2 pra, 3 poa a and is; no aps”; it is perhaps needless to say that in addition to the many objections to such a scheme, its potentialities for typographic error are limitless. Dr. Townsend could not have adopted better means to limit his reading public had he written in the Eskimo language. —W. R. Walton. 1Ins. Inscitae, Mens. Jan. March, 1926, pp. 24-41. ® “ oe 4 : . = % stop ODO E ptoristhe yim) f+ ry een | dF Yi upd VOL. 29 JUNE, 1927 No. 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON CONTENTS BOVING, ADAM G.—ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE MYLABRIDAE-LARVAE (COMBORNISVAS TENANTAIB ND) ooh Hh oweaito eS ior bueot ooh wba pelo. ones mmlS}3} CAUDELL, A. N.—-ZOROTYPUS LONGICERCATUS, A NEW SPECIES OF ZORAPTERA BRO Maa ANEATCAC Meant phen is une, Feuenek toe Sh SROE SEWN OLS ee Pete EWING, H. W.—THE OCCURRENCE OF PROTURANS IN WESTERN NORTH STE RU CHAGRIN Pee ttae ee SEN NE eS cy ag, SV ga ltch, (en SLs ug Pep RE DI ea ILO WHITE, G. F.—-A PROTOZOAN AND A BACTERIAL DISEASE OF EPHESTIA KUEH- NAP IVAGZBIL DS. Fae th EIS 3 Tigh Uc Suhel dy vest si oee st Se 2 ena PusiisHeD Montuiy Except Jury, Aucust AND SEPTEMBER BY THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON, D. C. Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D. C., under Act of August 24, 1912. Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized July 3, 1918. THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON OrcanizeD Marcu 12, 1884. The regular meetings of the Society are held in the National Museum on the first Thursday of each month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 P.M. Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00. Members are entitled to the ProcEEDINGs and any manuscript submitted by them is given precedence over any submitted by non-members. OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1927. FUOMOLGTN PRAVESIGENE ME... 1%, beeen Renner ane tye FE. A. SCHWARZ Prestdentie eee es i ee eee Tee eee rere J. A. HYSEOR FpsPVtCCn President: . alk Wy sete esa, ul. ey Meee ee Ja Pa GRA Wana! WAAGIER RE 5 66 oa dl 6 np o 0 O10 Bo 6 A. C. BAKER TRECOPGINE IS CCTELAT YS <-: Rantt son stig faye fe cute) tte ee ee J. S. WADE Comesponding Secrelary-1 Treasurer, . 2). es eye eee S. A. ROHWER U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. EAUOF Ne el aie SRN Ar ee Otte te, Rene eee ye ae W. R. WALTON Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Executive Committee: THe Orricers and C. T, Greene, A. N. CaupbeELt, dE. SNYDER: Representing the Society as a Vice-President of the Washington Academy of SCIENCES «see. tv ic ay 6 Coe ne Rae meena ee A, G, BOVING PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON. Published monthly, except July, August and September, by the Society at Washington, D. C. Terms of subscription: Domestic, $4.00 per annum; foreign, $4.25 per annum; recent single numbers, 50 cents, foreign postage extra. All subscriptions are payable in advance. Remittances should be made payable to the Entomological Society of Washington. An author of a leading article in the Procerprncs will be given 10 copies of the number in which his article appears. Reprints without covers will be fur- nished at the following rates, provided a statement of the number desired accompanies the manuscript: 4 pp. 8 pp. 12 pp. 16 pp. 50 copies 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 100 copies 2:25 4.50 6.75 9.00 Certain charges are made for illustrations and there are available rules and suggestions governing the make-up of articles. Immediate publication in any number may be obtained at the author’s expense. All manuscripts should be sent to the Editor. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON VOL. 29 JUNE 1927 No. 6 ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE MYLABRIDAE-LARVAE (COLEOPTERA: MYLABRIDAE). By Apam G. Bovine, U. S. Bureau of Entomology. The larvae of the small family Mylabridae (or Bruchidae) are whitish, fleshy, thick, curved, and often with thorax some- what larger than the rest of the body. The head is elongate- oval, posteriorly often attenuate, pointed and provided with a small, flat and horizontal blade for the attachment of pro- motor and retractor muscles; mostly it is deeply retracted into thorax and then appears to the naked eye as a circular, dark disk in the middle of the front end of the body. Prothorax is very characteristic in shape, size and position, slightly convex, button-like, with or without a pair of thinly chitinized tergal plates; in diameter it is smaller than the two other thoracic segments and is mainly facing forward. The terga of meso- thorax, metathorax and all the typical abdominal segments are transversely divided, usually with two equal, pubescent or naked bulges and only rarely a small third bulge, a separate prescutum, can be found. The epipleura (e) are distinct and swollen, in the thoracic segments di- vided into a triangular pre-epipleurum (E) and similar post-epipleurum (E') which are separated from each other by a prolongation of the alar area (a) that almost or entirely extends to the ventro-lateral suture. The ninth ab- dominal segment is rather short, and the tenth is small, nipple-shaped and divided into two or three equal lobes by a single transverse sulcus or three sulci radiating from anus. Legs (figs. 20, 21, 22) are present, but either small, as in Pachymerus gonagra, or minute, as in other species of PacyAhmerus and in the genera Spermophagus and Mylabris. The anterior pair is inserted closely together, the second pair in greater dis- tance from each other and the third pair widely apart. The single leg is two- to four-jointed. In Pachymerus gonagra and Fig. 1. Mylabris obtectus Say. 134 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 6, JUNE, 1927 Pachymerus languidus (fig. 20) the penultimate joint is as long as the proximal joints taken together, rather slender, somewhat curved and strengthened on the front side by a chitinous greave- shaped plate; the terminal joint is minute, obtuse and soft. No similar development of the penultimate joint is found in any of the other Mylabridae larvae. In these it is short, conical, soft, and the terminal joint is papilliform or peg-shaped. The spiracles (figs. 5 and 7) are well developed, varying slightly in size, all present and lateral; they are ring-shaped, circular or oval, and often without a distinct peritrema; the atrium is subglobular, densely beset with stiff hairs, which do not reach to the middle of the structure; the closing apparatus follows closely after the atrium and it is of the one-armed type. In a general way the larvae remind one in habitus of the ptinoid larvae, particularly the typical Bostrichidae larvae, but are immediately recognized by the shape and size of the prothorax and the small, nipple-shaped and sucking tenth ab- dominal segment. From the study of the anatomical details of the head and the mouthparts certain interesting features arise for considera- tion. The labrum and clypeus are both well developed and dis- tinct.. Labrum (fig. 1) is usually transversely oval, three to four times broader than long, more rarely obtusely and broadly subtriangular; posteriorly a transverse, rather thinly chitinized plate is found in all known species, carrying at each end a well developed seta and somewhat nearer the middle line a single sensory pore; the anterior half of labrum is densely beset with fine, pointed hairs, sometimes having the character of a thick fur, exceptionally only half a score of strong setae are present or a number of long setae are interspersed among the much shorter hairs. Clypeus (figs. 3, 9, 11) is somewhat broader than labrum and either completely soft and white, or provided with a weak chiti- nization laterally, or covered by a single, transverse median plate; at each end clypeus is armed with one or two well de- veloped setae. The number of ocelli is small: usually one ocellus is found on each side, but in the genus Pachymerus (fig. 12) three occur. The antenna (fig. 12) has two fairly well developed joints of * same size, each about as long or two to three times as long as wide; terminally a minute conical structure may represent either a vestigial distal joint or simply a tactile papilla; several smaller unquestionably tactile papillae and a few setae are present in the membrane on top of the last of the two well developed joints. The mandible (fig. 19) is strong and rather short; the inner surface is large and its anterior part gouge-shaped with a PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 6, JUNE, 1927 135 transverse, slightly curved, sharp and light colored front-edge which meets and fits against the front-edge of the other mandible in the sagittal middle line of the head; the posterior part of the inner surface is enforced by a round, dark and globular thicken- ing on the interior side of the wall. There is no molar struc- ture, no pseudo-molar structure as in Polycaon and Dinoderus and no prostheca; altogether the mandibles resemble greatly the simple mandibles of typical Bostrichidae larvae like Scodicia or Bostrichus and are absolutely different from the palmate, distally multidentate mandibles which are so characteristic of the plurality of Chrysomeloidea larvae. The maxilla (figs. 13, 14, 15) has a rather small cardo, a well developed stipes and a large, joint-like well chitinized palpiger which carries a single mala and a short palpus. Mala is pro- jecting, digitiform and distally armed with a remarkable comb- like structure of about five slightly curved, flat spines of equal length; several moderately long setae of normal form may also be present. The maxillary palpus is short, either distinctly two-jointed, as in Pachymerus and Spermophagus (figs. 13, 14), or indistinctly two-jointed with rudimentary basal joint, as in Mylabris julianus (fig. 15), or one-jointed, as in most of the species of My/aéris. A freely projecting maxillary stylus or a maxillary inner lobula extending forward from the inner edge of stipes is never present, and the Mylabridae larvae differ in that respect both from many Chrysomeloidea larvae and from most of the Ptinoidea larvae, in which such structures are present. The most characteristic formation of the Mylabridae is the whole subfacial region. Its posterior part is rather large, fleshy and formed by a fusion of submentum and the articulating maxillary area, it is contiguous with the sternal region of prothorax, no gula being present, and anteriorly it is usually marked by a single, transverse, more or less crescentic sclerite (sms fig. 17). This sclerite is large and strong in several forms, as in the known species of the genera Pachymerus and Spermo- phagus (figs. 26, 27) and in some of the species of Mylaéris, for instance Mylabris uniformis LeConte (fig. 28), it is weaker in species like My/abris obtectus Say and Mylabrus quadrima- culatus Fabricius (figs. 23, 25), and vestigial or entirely lacking in a few species as My/abris floridae Horn (fig. 29) and Mylabris chinensis Linnaeus (fig. 24). The anterior part of the subfacial region is comparatively large and composed of mentum, eulab- ium and structures pertaining to the floor of the buccal cavity, all aggregated into a whole whose single elements can not be distinctly defined. This region bears a yellow or brown chiti- nization (Is fig. 17) suggesting the crest or shield of a scutcheon; it varies in outline according to the different species and thus 136 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 6, JUNE, 1927 offers specific characters of great value. In the middle line it is somewhat gouged and in front bifid or trifid; a more or less distinct whitish spot is located either at the basis of each prong, when only two prongs are developed (fig. 23), or between the middle prong and the lateral prongs, when three are present (fig. 30). In each of these spots a one-jointed rudimentary labial palpus can be traced in species of the genus Pachymerus (fig. 27) and occasionally it has also been found in a freak speci- men of Mylabris pisorum (fig. 17), but normally there is not the least vestige of a labial palpus in any of the species of the genera Mylabris and Spermophagus. The entire sclerite, which in the following will be mentioned briefly as “the labial plate,” con- sists of chitinous elements pertaining both to the labial pal- pigers, and in many or most species probably also to that median part of mentum which in other coleopterous larvae, for instance of the Curculionidae, often is covered with a spear-shaped or broader chitinous piece. Immediately behind each of the white spots is a well developed seta. In Pachymerus (fig. 27), which represents the least modified larval form of the family, the hind margin of the labial plate is broadly emarginate, the entire plate transverse, two to four times wider than long, and the mental region is provided with a separate, thin, indistinct and median chitinization. In the other Mylabridae larvae the hind margin of the labial plate varies considerably according to species, from concave or circularly incised to distinctly con- vex without any incision, and regarding the proportions of the plate, it is at least as long as wide, but usually longer. Ligula (figs. 18, 27), armed with one or two pairs of setae, is wedged in between the laterally and apically expanded and projecting paraglossae (pg fig. 27) and is not very distinct. Toward the buccal cavity and above ligula the median pre- hypopharyngeal feature or “glossa”’ (g fig. 27) is less developed than the setose paraglossae (pg fig. 27), and is not sharply de- fined from the conspicuous, compressed and hump-like hypo- pharyngeal region behind it. A lateral hypopharyngeal rod 1s located on each side at the basis of the hump, but no trans- verse median hypopharyngeal chitinization is present and hypopharyngeal bracons are also lacking. Above hypopharynx is a well developed soft-skinned epi- pharynx that paramedianly carries two pairs of small setae and on each side is raised as a soft lobe with finely setose free margin; posteriorly a pair of rather large, round but feebly chitinized plates may be seen in some of the species. Remarkable as is the whole complex of ventral and buccal organs, it is not entirely unique in beetle larvae, being almost duplicated in the Buprestidae and very similarly built but not so reduced in the Hispidae. As far as the Buprestidae are concerned, this resemblance can PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 6, JUNE, 1927 137 hardly be interpreted otherwise than as a striking parallel de- velopment of homologous structures in a family which belongs to a different series of beetles but lives in similar surroundings. The same parallelism is repeated in the shape of the antennae, labrum, clypeus and the mandibles of the two families, but the arrangement of the mouthparts in continuation of the long axis of the body, and not vertical as in the Mylabridae, and the presence of a distinct gular plate and cribriform spiracles in the Buprestidae, but not in the Mylabridae, solely indicates the fundamental heterogeneousness of the two families. On the other hand, the conformity of the ventral mouth- parts in the Hispidae and the Mylabridae is unquestionably due to actual relationship. It is true, as pointed out above, that in the shape of the mandibles, the form and deep invagination of the head and the general form of the body the Mylabridae are more in keeping with the Bostrichidae of the series Ptinoidea than with any of the typical Chrysomeloidea, the Hispidae in- cluded. However, in both of the two series several of the com- posing families and subfamilies greatly deviate from the rest, and stand out as very distinct family types, and at the same time it does not seem possible to find a combination of charac- ters or a single fundamental character, with the possible ex- ception of one, by which the larvae in question can be separated into two series which embrace exactly the same families as do the series Ptinoidea and Chrysomeloidea according to the imagines. The single separating character alluded to is found in a different development of the tenth abdominal segment. In the larvae of the Ptinoidea, comprising the Ptinidae, Anobiidae, Bostrichidae, Psoidae and Lyctidae, it is flatly convex with a pair of large, more or less distinct, oval cushions separated by a long sulcus in front of anus, and never has the form and func- tion of a pygopod (= “‘ventouse anal”? Lesne) but in the Chrys- omeloidea (=the Chrysomelidae, sensu auctorum) and the Mylabridae it is a pygopod in form and function, either of the nipple-shaped type as in the Mylabridae, Sagridae and Hispidae, or long and cylindrical, usually with anus in the middle of the sucking surface. However, in the larvae of a few genera, par- ticularly Chrysochus, belonging to the Eumolpidae (=Eumol- pinae, sensu auctorum) the tenth abdominal segment is de- veloped in a special way, and more as in the Ptinoidea than in the Chrysomeloidea. Serious consideration as a hypothetical serial character should also be given to the development of mentum and stipes maxillae, as in all the Ptinoidea larvae the mentum is laterally free and not fused with stipes, but in most of the Chrysomeloidea attached in its entire length to stipes. However, in the Sagri- dae and Donactidae, the mentum is completely or partially free 138 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 6, JUNE, 1927 and thus these families would go to the Ptinoidea if this charac- ter is chosen to maintain a separation into two series. In the Mylabridae it is rather doubtful whether or not the mentum shall be considered free, as it is not feasible to de- termine which elements in the fused labio-mental region are of unmistakable labial origin and which are conclusively mental, and, therefore, a decision can hardly be based on this character as to which of the two series in question the Mylabridae should be placed in. A closer affinity of the Mylabridae to the Ptinoidea may finally be intimated on account of their deviating ontogenetic development, the first instar of the Mylabridae being re- markably different from the other instars, just as in the case of the Bostrichidae, Psoidae and Lyctidae, but not in the Chryso- melidae. This difference between the instars of the Myla- bridae is not expressed in the general shape of the body, the anatomical details of the head and the pygopodial form of the last abdominal segment which are identical in all stages, but it is only in the first instar that an H- or X-shaped plate is present, situated far forward dorsally on the prothoracic segment. It is usually backward bent over the surface of the segment but 1s movable and can be raised; the free upper edge of each limb of the H is armed with a row of obtuse or sharp teeth and a few teeth are found on the cross-piece of the H or in the correspond- ing place when the plate 1s X-shaped. The features and functions of the plate have lately been de- scribed and critically interpreted by K. Kunhi Kannan in a thorough and inspiring contribution concerning the adaptation of the first instars of the Mylabridae to enter the seeds of leguminous plants’, and in this paper it is also shown that not only do the structural details of the plate vary according to species, but concomitantly several other features, particularly the legs and the number and location of the setae. Thus in Mylabris obtectus Say the prothoracic plate is narrow with about four blunt teeth on top of each limb of the H and one tooth on each side of the cross-piece; three pairs of legs are present, each pair longer than the foregoing, all with two long 1K. Kunhi Kannan: “The function of the prothoracic plate in Mylabrid- larvae.”’—Bull. No. 7, Entomological Series, Dept. of Agriculture, Mysore State, India. Government press, 1923; pp. 1-47, 3 plates. (Contains many refer- ences to previous papers, for instance, by C. V. Riley, L. O. Howard and F. H. Chittenden.—Original descriptions are given of the first instars of the following species: Mylabris obtectus Say, M. chinensis Linnaeus, M. horni Pic, M. unt- formis LeConte, M. nigrinus Horn, M. Ulkei Horn, M. amicus Horn, M. ari- zonensis Schiffer, M. sallei Sharp, M. quadrimaculatus Fabricius, M. pauperculus LeConte, M. pruininus Horn, M. limbatus Horn, Zabrotes pectoralis Sharp.— Eggs of many species are described. ) R.A. Cushman: “Notes on the host plants and parasites of North American Bruchidae,”’ Jour. Econ. Ent., Vol. 4, 1911, pp. 489-510. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 6, JUNE, 1927. 139 and slender joints, the proximal joint carrying two terminal spines and the distal joint being paddle-shaped at the end; the ninth abdominal segment carries a thick chitinous tergal shield with a few long setae; several setae are present all over the body; on the dorsal side one long seta is located on each side of the metathorax and the first to eighth abdominal segments, and at the root of each of these long setae is a short and weak seta; laterally below each abdominal spiracle and correspond- ingly placed on metathorax are two short and weak setae, and above the spiracle of the first abdominal segment is a short, strong, spine-like seta; ventrally near the inward basis of each leg is a long bristle, curved at the top and slightly shorter than the leg. In Mylabris quadrimaculatus Fabricius the dorsal plate is fairly broad with about five obtuse teeth on each limb and two on each side of the cross-piece; the legs are short and stout with two subequal joints, the distal joint subcylindrical; no shield on ninth abdominal segment; a dorsal series of long setae is present on each side of the body but no short setae occur at the root of them and laterally no short setae are found below the spiracles, only the spine-like seta above the first ab- dominal spiracle is still preserved; a long and curved bristle is also found inwardly near the basis of each leg, but in this species it is much longer than the leg. Still more reduced is the first instar of My/abris pruininus Horn. In this species the plate is slender and the upper limbs have only two or three teeth, the cross-piece two minute teeth on each side; no shield on ninth segment; no setae at all, except the spine-like seta above first abdominal spiracle; no distinct legs. To this record of a gradual reduction of the body in the first instars of the different species of the same genus Mylabris, it may be added that the first instar of Spermophagus hoffmann- seggi Gyllenhall, of which specimens are in the National Mu- seum, represents a type less adapted and transformed than the first instar of My/abris obtectus, and that the first instar of Zabrotes pectoralis Sharp, according to Kunhi Kannan’s de- scription, is still more reduced than Mylabris pruininus, thus making the developmental series more complete.—In the first instar of Spermophagus hoffmannseggi the prothoracic plate is well developed and belongs to the X-shaped type with about eight obtuse teeth on each limb and one pair of curved claw- shaped hooks in the middle of the plate; the setae of the body are located and developed as in My/abris obtectus, but no special plate is found dorsally on the ninth abdominal segment, and each of the three pairs of rather long legs consists of a coxa, a long and slender femur, a long and slender tibia and a strong, well chitinized, pointed and sickle-shaped claw. In Zabrotes pec- toralis, on the other hand, hardly any armature is developed, the prothoracic plate being practically absent, except for two 140 — PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 6, JUNE, 1927 isolated teeth on either side of the body which represent the last trace of the organ; the legs are all completely lacking, ninth abdominal segment is very small and without shield and no setae are present except the single spine-like one above the first abdominal spiracle. The function of the structures and the purpose of these dif- ferent adaptations have been fully explained by Kunhi Kannan and are, briefly, summarized as follows: The prothoracic plate procures purchase either against the inside of the egg-shell, in such species as obtectus, which cement the egg to the seed and whose newly hatched larvae penetrate into the seed from below the egg-shell, or against other objects, in those species as quadrimaculatus which attach the eggs to a pod, crevices 1n the pod or lay them loose among the seeds in storage and whose larvae wander about to find a favorable point of entrance. When thorax is fixed by help of the plate, the blood is forced forward and causes the head to incline as required for the proper action of the mandibles in excavating a hole. The legs, when present, are principally used as levers and the anal seg- ment is the chief moving organ. The North American Mylabridae are divided into four genera: Pachymerus Thunberg (=Caryoborus Schonherr), Spermophagus Schonherr, Mylabris Miller (=Bruchus Linn- aeus; with several subgenera) and Zadrotes Horn. Of these the first three genera are represented in the National Museum by mature larvae of one or several species. Key to Genera of Mylabridae. 1. Three ocelli (fig. 12). Maxillary palpus (fig. 13) two-jointed. Usually with vestigial one-jointed labial palpus (fig. 27) Dy, One ocellus. Labial palpus completely lacking. (Legs small with pen- ultimate joint short and conical) (figs. 21 and 22)... eee Se 2. Legs rather long (fig. 20) with penultimate joint slender, curved and provided with an elongate chitinization on the outside, terminal joint indistinct, small! soft andi spad-like= === 22 = =o Pachymerus, part 1. (Represented by P. gonagra Fabricius and P. languidus Gyllenhal.) Legs short with penultimate joint short and conical; terminal joint small and! peg likes2. 5 2) 12a ee Aare ee ee Pachymerus, part 2. (Represented by P. gleditsiae (Linnaeus), P. nucleorum Fabricius and P. brasiliensis Thunberg.) 3. Maxillary palpus (fig. 13) two-jointed with distinct terminal and basal joints; comb-like structure of mala with very long teeth. Labial plate (fig. 26) elongate with posterior margin entire; anteriorly with a single MeCianwproyec tions eee ee tee ee eee ee Spermophagus. (Represented by S. hoffmannseggi Gyllenhal.) Maxillary palpus (fig. 15) with distinct terminal joint and vestigial or no basal joint; comb of mala with moderately long teeth. Labial plate of various formys....30 2.6. 2 A ee ee oe ee Mylabris. (Represented by the species given below.) PROG. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 6, JUNE, 1927 141 As a preliminary attempt to separate the few species of Mylabris preserved in the National Museum, the following key has been prepared: Key to Species of Mylabris. 1. Labrum (fig. 10) comparatively small, anteriorly with about half a score of moderately long, stiff setae. Submental sclerite (fig. 28) large and closely surrounding the posterior half of a small labial plate with a single median posterior excision. Length of mature larva 4 mm... uniformis LeConte. Labrum anteriorly densely beset with setae. Submental sclerite, when present, not closely surrounding the labial plate... Dee 2. Labial plate elongate with posterior margin entire and distinct; anteri- orly with a single median subtriangular projection (fig. 30). Length Gui Teaveabens: Wem) HU) Sea eee ee rae julianus Horn. Labial plate anteriorly with a deep, rounded or angulate cut... 8}. 3. Labial plate (fig. 24) subquadrangular, about as long as wide; the an- terior, lateral and posterior margins all flatly concave. (Clypeus (figs. 4 and 8) with a pair of lateral chitinizations. Front behind epistoma usually dark with a pair of large whitish spots.) Length of mature Neate Sie Si 001 co Seen ke eee ert GUN ee eee ce chinensis (Linnaeus). Palvaliplate longer tuan wid eic er Lea Sees een Pe tee 4. 4. Labial plate (fig. 29) slightly chitinized and posteriorly vanishing com- pletely. (Submentalsclerite indistinct. Clypeus without chitinization.) enethol maturedlanva’ 3 mini. 2 eee ee floridae Horn. Wearaleplate: Gas titic teres eee ee eet ee SY Yat al glee By 5. Clypeus almost covered with a chitinous plate (figs. 3 and 6). (Labial plate laterally convex (fig. 23).) Length of mature larva 4 mm quadrimaculatus Fabricius. Clypeus with slight or no chitinization (figs. 1, 2 and 9). 6. 6. Legs comparatively well developed. Labrum with several long setae placed among numerous short ones (fig. la). (Labial plate with lateral margins converging posteriorly (fig. 17).) Length of mature larva 5 in BV se ate Ar se rn NT Se WP eR ME ene ee eee ee pisorum Linnaeus. Legs poorly developed (text fig. 1). Labrum with more uniformly de- AE OTE gS Eas eee ne eee en ns es Pea Sec ee a ee we 7. Setae of labrum moderately long (fig. 2a). Length of mature larva 5 TaD ie Ae ae eg REA ee ee rufimanus Boheman. Setae of labrum short and very dense (fig. 9). (Labial plate laterally con- cave.) Length of mature larva 4 mm................ obtectus Say (=fabae Riley). LITERATURE. Pappock, F. B. and Retnuarp, H. J.—‘““The Cowpea Weevil.” Texas Agri- cultural Experiment Station. Bull. No. 256; 1919. (On pp. 90 and 91 a useful bibliography on the Mylabridae.) Back, E. A.—‘‘ Weevils in Beans and Peas.” U.S. Dept. of Agric. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 1275, 1922 (with habitus-figures of the larvae of My/abris pisorum (p. 12), Mylabris obtectus (p. 14), Mylabris chinensis (p. 15), Myla- bris quadrimaculatus (p. 17)). 142 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 6, JUNE, 1927 ik ta a Sis Se NWN NY WN LV Wn PWN GR 2g): 30. EXPLANATION OF Parte 8. (Drawings by the author.) Mylabris pisorum (x 56).1 Clypeus and labrum. . Mylabris pisorum (x 125). Anterior part of labrum. Mylabris rufimanus (x 56). Clypeus and labrum. . Mylabris rufimanus (x 125). Anterior part of labrum. Mylabris quadrimaculatus (x 125). Clypeus (c) and labrum; epi-epistoma. Mylabris chinensis (x 125). Clypeus and labrum. Mylabris julianus (x 56). Mesothoracic spiracle seen from the outside in face view. Mylabris quadrimaculatus (x 56). Clypeus and labrum. Mylabris julianus (x 56). Mesothoracic spiracle in lateral view. Note the atrium (a) and the closing apparatus (c). Mylabris chinensis (x 56). Anterior part of frons, clypeus and labrum. Mylabris obtectus (x 125). Clypeus and labrum. Mylabris uniformis (x 125). Clypeus and labrum. Mylabris floridae (x 125). Clypeus and labrum. Pachymerus gonagra (x 56). Three ocelli and an antenna. Spermophagus hoffmannseggi (x 56). Dorsal part of maxilla. Pachymerus gonagra (x 56). Distal part of maxilla. Mylabris julianus (x 56). Dorsal part of maxilla. Mylabris julianus (x 56). Anterior part of frons, left antenna, clypeus and labrum. Mylabris pisorum (x 125). Labial plate (Is), ligula and submental sclerite (sms).—Drawn from a freak specimen with vestigial palpi (p). Mylabris rufimanus (x 125). Labial plate, ligula (Ii) and submental sclerite. Mylabris julianus (x 26). Right mandible, exterior face. Pachymerus gonagra (x 56). Left prothoracic leg. Spermophagus hoffmannseggi (x 56). Prothoracic leg. Mylabris julianus (x 56). Prothoracic leg. Mylabris quadrimaculatus (x 125). Labial plate, ligula, submental sclerite. Mylabris chinensis (x 125). Labial plate and ligula. Mylabris obtectus (x 125). Labial plate, ligula and submental sclerite. Spermophagus hoffmannseggi (x 56). Labial plate and submental plate; ligula not figured. Pachymerus gonagra (x 56). Labial plate, labial palpi, ligula (li), para- glossae (pg), glossa (g), submental sclerite, left maxilla attached. Mylabris uniformis (x 126). Labial plate and submental sclerite. Mylabris floridae (x 125). Labial plate, ligula and submental plate. Mylabris julianus (x 56). Labial plate, ligula and submental plate. 1For the sake of quick estimation of the natural size of the parts figured, a line showing the length of 4% mm. magnified 26 times is drawn near figure 19, which itself is drawn with 26 times magnification, and to the left on the foot of the plate is shown a line % mm. long, magnified 56 times, and another line Ve VM mm. long, magnified 125 times, corresponding to the other two magnifica- tions applied for the figures on the plate. PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29 PLATE 8 uxt 4 4 VE, ' - 2 bhuy/ Vian 7, Y. Ty JY UU, & ~ BS Hn SCM «Si, tr, A & * / aD hss - PU: Ye od Yip 7 pA VWs Yr. ne Aa - MM a3 23 pe 30/, D , Done) : (ea Mari Firvorg dl "ly mm (12d) D rd 144 — PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 6, JUNE, 1927 ZOROTYPUS LONGICERCATUS, A NEW SPECIES OF ZORAPTERA FROM JAMAICA.! By A. N. CaupbeE.t. Among miscellaneous material recently submitted by the Federal Horticultural Board for determination were two small whitish termite-like creatures which proved to represent a very distinct species of Zorotypus. It is such finds as these which now and then reward the specialist for hours devoted to naming material taken at quarantine. These specimens were inter- cepted at Philadelphia from Jamaica, the label accompany- ing them reading as follows: “In soil about palm plants (taken from officer) from Jamaica. Intercepted at Philadelphias Pay Aprile 1927, by A. -G. Barley. Philad. Nos 5565e0 It is unfortunate that both specimens are immature, being larvae with eight segmented antennae. But the characters are so strikingly different from any described form that there is no hesitation in describing them as a new species. The specific name chosen has reference to the conspicuously elong- ated cerci, a character which at a glance differentiates them from all other described species of these little known insects. Zorotypus longicercatus, new species. Description. —Larva. General! color, dull translucid whitish, the alimentary canal shadowly visible through the body walls; head with a narrow lighter colored line extending from one minute black eye to the other and bowing semicircularly towards the base of the occiput. Body and limbs with a few short, fine, brownish hairs, those of the cerci similar to those on the body, but somewhat longer. Head very much broader than the pronotum. Eyes represented by a very minute black dot on each side of the head; ocelli none. Apical segment of palpus about twice as long as broad, slightly longer than the preceding seg- ment and much thicker, apically narrowing to a point. Antennae thick and heavy, as is characteristic for the genus, and consisting of eight segments, the number indicative of the larval condition; the basal segment decidedly longer than broad, gradually thickening apically; second segment subequal in diameter with the adjacent portions of the preceding and succeeding segments and scarcely longer than wide and about one-half as long as the basal segment; third segment approximately three times as long as broad, subequal in length to the basal and second segments together and about three times as long as the second alone; basally the third segment is broadly attached to the second segment, but the juncture between its apex and the fourth segment, as are the points of attachment of all succeeding segments, is very narrow; fourth segment 1Since the above manuscript was written there has been received a single anterior wing of a species of Zorotypus from Cuba, found ina vial with an earwig submitted for determination. This is the first record of this Order from Cuba and except for the new species here described, the first from the West Indies. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 6, JUNE, 1927 145 somewhat longer than thick, mesally as thick as the thickest portion of the third segment and tapering to a point at each end; fifth, sixth and seventh segments very like the fourth; eighth, and last, segment similar to the preceding except some- what more elongate. Figure 1 shows one of the antennae greatly enlarged. Pronotum as broad as long, about two-thirds as broad as the head, posteriorly noticeably narrowing, the anterior margin broadly convex, the posterior margin almost straight and the lateral margins very gently convex, the angles rounded; meso- notum slightly transverse, a little shorter than the pronotum and about as broad as the anterior width of that segment, the anterior margin concealed beneath the pronotum, the hind margin very gently concave and the lateral margins parallel but decidedly convex; metanotum decidedly transverse, about as long as the mesonotum and anteriorly subequal to it in width but posteriorly very decidedly broader, the lateral margins convex and the posterior margin broadly and shallowly con- cave. Legs short and stout, all the femora very noticeably swollen and about equally so; the posterior femora are with- out heavy chitinous ventral spines, such spines as are present being brownish colored and so minute as to be scarcely discern- ible under moderately high magnification. Abdomen anteriorly somewhat narrower than the metanotum Fig. 1. but becoming broader posteriorly. Cerci strikingly different from those of any other known form in being about five times as long as their greatest width, gradually tapering to a point and each bearing several fi ne, pale colored hairs much less than one-half the length of the cercus and without a principal apical seta as present in most described forms. Figure 2 shows the cerci much enlarged. Measurements.—Length, antenna, 1.1 mm.; posterior femora, .4 mm.; cercus, 4 mm. Holotype, larva, Jamaica, 1927, in soil about mounted on a slide. ~ tional Museum. to szyderi but the long cerci w all other described forms. ZLorotypus guineensis Silv. is a Fig. 2. viously described species it is s palm plants, preserved in spirits; paratype, same data, Type material in collection of U. S. Nat- Catalogue No. 40496, U. S. N. M. This species runs out in the published key ill at once dif- ferentiate it from that species as well as from The cerci of bout twice as long as basally broad but in all other pre- carcely longer than broad; thus the cerci of the species here erected, being as long as the posterior femora, or several times as long as the basal thickness, will separate this form at a glance from all other described species. 1Trans. Amer. Enc. Soc., vol. xlvii, p. 135 (1922). 146 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 6, JUNE, 1927 THE OCCURRENCE OF PROTURANS IN WESTERN NORTH AMERICA. By H. E. Ew1ne, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Department of Agriculture. While on a recent visit to the Yosemite Valley, California, in company with my brother, Dr. Fred Ewing, a small amount of decaying leaves and twigs, heavily infested with minute in- sects, was obtained. The leaves and twigs were picked up from the north side of the floor of the valley, a short distance east of the Yosemite Falls. They were sent by post to Mr. H. S. Barber at Washington, D. C., who placed the material in a “Berlese trap” and obtained thereby a large number of minute insects and other arthropods. Among these were two species of Protura. The distribution of the Nearctic Proturans has been previ- ously discussed by the writer.!. It is sufficient here to state that up to the present no record of them occurring west of the Rocky Mountains has been obtained. Of these two species from the Yosemite one is new, and the other has not been previously reported from America. Eosentomon yosemitensis, new species. Head decidedly rounded laterally, about one and a half times as broad as long. Pseudoculi not conspicuous. Rostrum short. Mandibles extending to about the tip of rostrum. Thorax very poorly chitinized, whitish; apodemes very little developed. Prothorax much reduced, with four dorsal setae arranged in a transverse row. Each of the thoracic spiracles with an anterior and a posterior seta situated at the outer border of the chitinous rim. Abdomen slightly yellowish. Appendages on the ventral sides of the first three segments large and subequal. Eighth abdominal segment fully twice as broad as long, with about a dozen dorsal setae arranged in two irregular rows. Segments IX—XI together about as long as VIII. Telson with angulate pos- terior margin. Legs rather weak and slender, in keeping with the slender body. Claw of first leg but little flattened and very pointed. Tarsus I a third longer than tibia I, without dorsal sense seta and with no terminal seta approximating the claw in thickness. Legs II and III subequal, with similar, sharp claws, each of which bears a seta-like tooth at the base. Length when extended nearly to maximum, 0.96 mm.; width at metathorax, 0.06 mm. Type locality.—Yosemite Valley, California. Type.—Cat. No. 40485, U. S. N. M. Described from a single female specimen taken by means of 1Fwing, H. E. Nearctic Proturans. Science, Vol. LV, No. 1435, June 30, 1922. © 5: Wemenmemeseen -ow (5 . PusiisHeD Montruiy Excepr Jury, Aucusr AND SEPTEMBER BY THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON, D. C. Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D. C., under Act of August 24, 1912. Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized July 3, 1918. THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON OrcanizeD Marcu 12, 1884. The regular meetings of the Society are held in the National Museum on the first Thursday of each month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 p. M. Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00. Members are entitled to the ProceEpines and any manuscript submitted by them is given precedence over any submitted by non-members. OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1927. TVONGE GIS APTESIGCNE : . Rn, Inds 1 ee a E. A. SCHWARZ I ARIAT. ace et ee eres. ln EG. Gla 6 Too. & J. Av AYSEOR Parse Vice-President.2 =, <1. he ee ae ee J. E GRAB SECGNGE) LCC“PTESIAChE | < ..9:. aie ee A. C. BAKER Recording secretary. <5) sides. Se 5ee) So ee J. Ss WADE Corresponding Secretary-Treasurer®. . .........., S. A. ROHWER U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. EAUOT IT ae ss) Sees, he Se ee Ce ee W. R. WALTON Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Executive Committee: THe Orricers and C. T. Greene, A. N. Caupe tt, T. E. Snyper. Representing the Society as a Vice-President of the Washington Academy of WCLCNEES sins, “seal ee eae ie eee OU ON ee A. G. BOVING PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON. Published monthly, except July, August and September, by the Society at Washington, D. C. Terms of subscription: Domestic, $4.00 per annum; foreign, $4.25 per annum; recent single numbers, 50 cents, foreign postage extra. All subscriptions are pafable in advance. Remittances should be made payable to the Entomological Society of Washington. An author of a leading article in the Proceeprnos will be given 10 copies of the number in which his article appears. Reprints without covers will be fur- nished at the following rates, provided a statement of the number desired accompanies the manuscript: 4 pp. 8 pp. 12 pp. 16 pp. 50 copies 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 100 copies DDS 4.50 6.75 9.00 Certain charges are made for illustrations and there are available rules and suggestions governing the make-up of articles. Immediate publication in any number may be obtained at the author’s expense. All manuscripts should be sent to the Editor. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON VOL. 29 DECEMBER, 1927 New DESCRIPTIONS OF LARVAE OF THE GENERA DIABROTICA AND PHYLLOBROTICA, WITH A DISCUSSION OF THE TAXO- NOMIC VALIDITY OF THE SUBFAMILIES GALERUCINAE AND HALTICINAE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE). By Apam G. Bovine, U. S. Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. This paper contains an illustrated, full description of the larva of the species Diabrotica duodecimpunctata, followed by a brief characterization of the larvae of D. soror, D. balteata, D. longicornis, D. vittata and a more detailed one of the larva of Phyllobrotica quadrimaculata, and it concludes with a discussion of the taxonomic position of the two genera Diabrotica and Phyllobrotica, whose larvae are closely related to the larvae of the Halticinae, particularly those of the genera Systena, Epitrix and Psylliodes. ACKNOWLEDGMENT. It is with great pleasure that I take the opportunity here to express the most sincere thanks to the generous friend for many years of the National Museum, the Danish Entomologist, te ea icryger. Among his numerous gifts of Coleopterous larvae to our collections i is a larva in excellent condition and associated by rearing with the imago of Phy/obrotica quadri- maculata. But for the presence of this European species it had been impossible to consider the genus which it represents, as no Phyllobrotica larva from North America is preserved in the Museum and, to my knowledge, no larva of this genus has ever been treated in literature. I also wish to thank most cordially Professor Carl J. Drake, head of the Department of Zoology and Entomology at Iowa State College, Ames, who kindly has supplied me with fresh larval material of Diabrotica duodecimpunctata and Diabrotica vittata, both determined by rearing. The present descriptions and drawings were made from the specimens sent by him. Diabrotica duodecimpunctata (Fabricius).! MATURE LARVA. (U. S. National Museum; one vial marked: “Eating corn 1A good habitus figure in lateral view, made by Miss E. Hart, is found in “The southern corn rootworm,” etc., by Philip Luginbill (U.S. Department of Agric. Farmers’ Bull. No. 950, 1922). 194 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 9, DEC., 1927 roots; Lee County, Iowa, from C. J. Drake, Ames, Iowa, Reared.’’) GENERAL ASPECT: Larva (Figs. 10 D, 11 D, 17 D) about 12 mm. long and about 114 mm. in diameter, subcylindrical, somewhat curved, tapering slightly forward to an- terior part of prothorax, the latter being posteriorly about one and one-half times as wide as the head; complete intersegmental belts are present between the abdominal segments; eighth abdominal segment only slightly shorter and nar- rower than the preceding abdominal segments; ninth abdominal segment much shorter and generally reduced, dorsally covered by a round shield with a pair of minute urogomphi; tenth abdominal segment ventral and forming a soft pygopod. Head broadly oval in dorsal outline, hypognathous and slightly retractile into prothorax but not to the extent of being hidden below the prothoracic shield, when viewed from above; head capsule shining greyish brown with lateral parts of epicranium more roman sepia; frontal sutures light colored; the epistoma, a stiletto-like mark in the sagittal middle line of frons, the antennal ring and the margins of epicranium blackish brown; labrum, mandibles, and the chitinizations of the ventral mouthparts brownish; tip of mandibles very dark. Setae moderately long and yellow or brownish. Body generally soft, whitish. Setae rather short and straw-yellow with darker basal cups; usually one, more rarely two, or several together, on very thin, hardly observable, small shining plates. A well-developed shield present on dorsal side of both prothorax and ninth abdominal segment; the thoracic shield shining, yellowish brown with somewhat darker, rather cloudy colored corners and speckled with many irregularly arranged small dark spots; the pygidial shield dark roman sepia, gradually becoming lighter anteriorly and toward the margins and also speckled with small, dark spots. Legs inserted widely apart and attached to the end of small, dark, subtri- angular hypopleural chitinizations; moderately strong and rather short, pale greyish brown with coxae mostly dark and the distal ends of the other joints with narrow darkening at the articulations. Spiracles belonging to the annular or ring-shaped type, pale, small, easily overlooked, all of the same size and lateral; one mesothoracic and eight abdomi- nal ones present, the mesothoracic situated in pre-epipleurum, the abdominal in the lower margins of the terga above the anterior end of the epipleural lobes. DETAILS: Head capsule (Fig. 6 D) with distinct, slightly curved frontal sutures (fs) and a median epicranial (es) suture about one-third as long as frons; frons large, subtriangular, not reaching to the occipital foramen, medianly with a frontal inner carina marked on the upper side by a stiletto-like, dark figure ex- tending from the epistomal margin throughout the entire length of frons; epi- cranial dorsal hind margin rounded, not greatly produced. Setae of head moderately long, on each side situated as follows: On frons four, viz., one in the PROG. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 9, DEC., 1927 195 epistomal margin midway between the frontal carina and the dorsal mandi- bular articulation (a), one in the dark antero-lateral corner of frons between the mandibular articulation and the basal skin of the antenna, one in the middle part of frons in the same distance from both of the two former setae, marking together with them an imaginary isosceles triangle, and one small seta near the posterior angle of frons. On epicranium around the antennal ring four setae, viz., one dorsal near the frontal suture, one ventral (Fig. 17 D) diametrically opposite, placed at the peristomal margin, and two lateral between these; on the dorsal epicranial face two setae at each end of an imaginary transverse, oblique line across the middle; on the ventral face of epicranium two setae. Clypeus (Fig. 6 D) free, about four times as long as wide, posteriorly chiti- nized, with a single transverse series of minute setae, three or four on each side. Labrum (Fig. 6 D) free, about as long and three-fourths as wide as clypeus, antero-laterally rounded; hind margin with a posterior projection in the middle line pushed into and concealed by clypeus. One long seta present in the middle of the lateral margin, one similar seta between this and the sagittal middle line, and a transverse series of densely set, small setae in the margin where labrum and epipharynx meet; a couple of these latter setae slightly longer, more slender than the rest, and pointing forward, the others directed toward the buccal cavity. Ocelli lacking. Antenna (Fig. 6 D) one-jointed with basal membrane (mb) whitish and very large, enabling a complete retraction of the antenna; the single joint (1) pro- vided with a rather low, cylindrical chitinization and a top membrane carrying small sensory papillae and a supplementary tactile joint (at); the latter appear- ing as a true distal joint and consisting of a low ring-shaped basal chitinization tipped by a large, thin, light tactile conus. Mandible (Fig. 3 D) palmate, inner face concave; distally with five teeth, the fifth exterior and ventral tooth smaller than the rest and the third the largest; the latter serrated on the inner margin, the others more or less en- tire; inner margin of mandible carrying about medianly a series of four stiff long, closely set bristles; exterior face with one seta. Ventral mouthparts (Fig. 9 D) retracted, with maxillary articulating area (mart) rather large, subtriangular, thinly chitinized and separated from the submental-mental area by a groove. Maxilla (Fig. 9 D) with cardo simple, transverse and situated between pos- terior corner of stipes and posterior end of hypostomal margin of epicranium. Stipes subtriangular, large, with inner margin slanting obliquely from basis of mala to exterior end of cardo. One large seta in the chitinized margin below mala, two large setae exteriorly in the broad anterior part and one seta in the attenuated posterior part of the chitinization. Mala transversely divided into a distal and a proximal part. The distal part thinly chitinized, carrying several irregularly distributed and rather short setae, a two-jointed peg (p) in the antero-interior corner and a darkly chitinized rim along the exterior mar- gin. The proximal part of mala membranous, on the ventral surface with a single small seta, on the dorsal surface extended into an ear-shaped laciniar lobule (la) armed with a series of five strong, pointed, somewhat flat setae of 196 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 9, DEC., 1927 golden, glistening color.!. Palpiger (pg) moderately large, exteriorly longer than interiorly, slightly chitinized, carrying two setae. Palpus three-jointed; basal joint short, cylindrical, about four times as wide as long, with a few sensory pits; second joint twice as long as basal joint and about as wide as long, with two short setae; apical joint conical; half as wide as second, about twice as long as wide, with one seta at basis and one sensory pit. Gula not present. Submental area (sm) posteriorly separated from the jugular membrane by a transverse, curved groove between the ends of the cardines, laterally from each maxillary articulating area by a longitudinal, straight groove and anteriorly completely fused with mentum (m). Mental-submental region sub-rectangu- lar, slightly trapezoidal, thinly chitinized and light colored, in the central part of the region with a slightly darker, paired, more or less triangular spot close to the middle line; two setae, one in front of the other, near the anterior end of each of the triangular spots, and a third seta situated posteriorly in the sub- mental portion. Eulabium (lab. Fig. 9 D) limited behind by a band-like sublabial chitiniza- tion; one seta present in the chitinization and another in front of it at the be- ginning of ligula. Labial palpus two-jointed; basal joint about half as long as wide; apical joint conical, somewhat longer than the basal, half as wide, and with one minute seta. Ligula (li Fig. 9 D) soft, rather wide and broad, but indistinctly limited. Epipharynx soft, finely papillose and without chitinizations. Hypopharynx (hy, Fig. 9 D) soft, without transverse hypopharyngeal chitinization; anterior region, possibly representing dorsal side of ligula, in- distinctly limited and provided with minute sensory papillae; paragnathae (pgn) present, developed as a low, soft lobe limited at basis by a longitudinal hypopharyngeal rod and densely beset with short, light hairs; ventral face of maxillary lacinia rising in front of described paragnathal lobe and at the an- terior end of the longitudinal hypopharyngeal rod (hr). The latter posteriorly curved like letter S and here connected with the end of a similar rod in the wall of oesophagus (or). Prothorax (Figs. 10 D, 11 D, 17 D) with tergal shield flat and smooth, formed as a broad escutcheon and separated in the sagittal middle line by a whitish looking suture extending throughout its entire length; no seta-bearing tubercles; on each side four setae present in the anterior margin of the shield, and three arranged in an imaginary triangle in the middle of it. Alar area (al) with two setae. Pre-epipleurum (e!) with one seta close to the anterior end of the hypopleural chitinization; post-epipleurum (e’) with one seta. Hypopleurum (h) characterized by a subtriangular dark chitinization; no setae. Jugular membrane (j) possibly homologous with presternum, crescent-shaped; no seta. Eusternum separated from sternellum by an indistinct groove and marked in the middle line by an inverted V-shaped figure in front of the groove; one 1This lobe projects into the buccal cavity in the interspace between the max- illa and the labrum, and is attached to both at basis. It is unquestionably homologous with the similarly located lobule present in many Anobiidae and Chrysomelidae larvae, and will be considered here as a lacinia. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 9, DEC., 1927 197 seta present near each coxa. Sternellum medianly divided by a small, longi- tudinal, dark line; one seta on each side. Poststernellum (postl) triangular, large; without setae. Mesothorax and metathorax (Figs. 10 D, 11 D, 17 D) much alike, mesothorax differing from metathorax mainly in having a fully developed spiracle in the pre-epipleural area, mesothorax having only a vestigial one. Dorsal part of tergum divided by a transverse groove into two areas, namely, prescutum (ps) and scuto-scutellum (s-sl); both of the two areas subdivided by faint longitudi- nal grooves into an unpaired median division (m and m*) and on each side an exterior division (ex and ex*); median divisions with a seta on each side, and each of the exterior divisions with one seta. Alar area (al) with two setae. Epipleurum divided into pre-epipleurum (e!) with one seta and a large, triangu- lar post-epipleurum (e”) with one seta. Hypopleurum (h) simple, character- ized by its subtriangular chitinization; no seta. Sternum divided into the following areas, (1) presternum (pst) paired, lateral and subtriangular, (2) eusternum (st), (3) sternellum (stl) separated from eusternum by a somewhat V-shaped groove and (4) poststernellum (postl) wedged in between the pre- sternal parts of the next segment; presternum and poststernellum without setae, eusternum and sternellum with one each. First to seventh abdominal segments (Figs. 10 D, 11 D, 17 D), all alike in shape and size, separated from each other by an intersegmental, ring-shaped region (i); the latter formed above the ventro-lateral groove (V Fig. 17 D) by post-scutellum (psl) and below the groove probably by a fusion of post-sternell- um (postl) and the presternum (ps) of the following segment. Setal arrange- ment as follows: Intersegmental ring without setae, prescutum (ps) with three setae in a transverse series, scutum (s) one seta, scutellum (sl) two setae, alar area (al) one and often an additional minute second seta, epipleural lobe (e) three setae, hypopleurum (h) three setae, eusternum one seta, sternellum (stl) two setae. Eighth abdominal segment (Figs. 19 d, 20 d, 21 d) with the same number of setae as the preceding segments but not separated from the following segment by an intersegmental ring. Ninth abdominal segment (Figs. 19 d, 20 d, 21 d) smaller than the preceding segments, almost semicircular in dorsal view. Pygidial shield flat, broadly ovate, somewhat shorter than wide; urogomphi (‘“‘cerci” auctorum) present, but very small, thorn-shaped, pointing upward and separated from each other by a distance of about three times their length; on each side with six well- developed setae in a single series, inserted either in, or slightly below, or some- what inside of the margin of the shield, and two minute setae one in front of the other near the sagittal middle line in the central part of the shield. On the ventral side of the segment a transverse series of four small setae, two on each side, situated anteriorly to the pygopod. Tenth abdominal segment (Figs. 20 d and 21 d) developed as a soft pygopod, laterally with a single dark mark and a minute seta. Anus in the center of the sucking surface, transverse, with short grooves radiating from the middle and dividing each anal lip into several small lobes. Leg rather short and moderately strong, consisting of coxa, trochanter, fe- 198 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 9, DEC., 1927 mur, tibia (=tibio-tarsus, Snodgrass, 1927)! and at the end of tibia a small membranous part that anteriorly carries a claw (=dactylopodite, Snodgrass, 1927)! and posteriorly is prolonged into a bladder-like paronychial appendix (=empodium auct.) situated along the hind face of the claw. Coxa broadly inserted, with a strong, projecting coxo-hypopleural articulation and two articulating places for trochanter; anterior face of coxa almost covered by a sub- trapezoidal plate distally strengthened by a margin carrying one of the coxo- trochanteral articulations; posterior face more fleshy, with a curved basal chitinization at first rod-like, but gradually becoming broader toward the ven- tral side, and opposite the coxo-hypopleural articulation enlarged into a spoon- shaped blade; posterior coxo-trochanteral articulation rather indistinct; a light- colored space present between the end of the blade and the anterior subtrape- zoidal plate; distal end of coxa membranous and cushioned for the reception of trochanter and femur; the setal arrangement of coxa as follows: (1) On the anterior plate two or three setae near the coxo-hypopleural hinge, one in the middle of the plate, one near the light-colored space, and three setae at the distal margin; (2) on the posterior rod-shaped chitinization about three minute setae; (3) on the ventral spoon-shaped blade one large and one or two minute setae. Trochanter well developed, annular, ventrally broadened; proximal margin subtriangular, carrying the anterior and posterior coxo-trochanteral articula- tions, dorso-medianly a single articulation with femur and near the anterior coxo-trochanteral hinge a tongue-like projection for the attachment of the trochanteral extensor muscles. Setae, three large and four or five minute ones. Femur rather short, cylindrical with oblique proximal end, dorsally twice as long as ventrally; distal margin well chitinized and carrying a single, dorsally situated articulation with tibia. Setae, five large arranged in a ring in the distal margin, and a single minute one in the middle of the dorsal side. Tibia, about as long as femur, distally gradually attenuated. Setae not present in its proximal part; distal part armed with six setae situated more or less close to an imaginary cross section on the middle of tibia, three of these on anterior face and three on the posterior face; margin near the claw with two setae. Claw (Fig. 7 D) curved, strong, with slender, pointed tip and enlarged basis bearing one strong seta. Paronychial appendix (Fig. 7 D) situated along the posteriorly facing side of the claw, as long as this and bladder—like with longi- tudinal, fine ribs radiating from basis. Spiracle, circular, about as wide as the antennal joint, inside thickly beset with short spinules. Closing apparatus with two arms, the anterior arm two to three times as long as the posterior. Diabrotica soror, LeConte. (U. S. National Museum: One vial with three larvae from roots of Zea mais, marked “No. 5027; Alameda, California.” Probably reared.) 1Snodgrass, R. E.—Morphology and mechanism of the insect thorax (Smith- sonian Miscellaneous Collections, Vol. 80, No. 1, 1927, pp. 72-98). PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 9, DEC., 1927 199 In size, the general aspect of the larva, the form and color- ing of all ‘anatomical details identical with Diabrotica duodecim- punctata (Fabricius) and can not be separated from it. Diabrotica balteata, LeConte. (U. S. National Museum: One vial with one larva marked: Dinwsweet potato, lammany,. lane Nov. 7; 1919.--C. E. Smith, Coll.” Larva probably not identified by rearing.) Species (considering the specimen is correctly determined) not to be separated from the larva of D. duodecimpunctata. - Diabrotica longicornis (Say). (U. S. National Museum: (a) One vial with about a score of mature larvae from roots of Zea mais, marked “No. 2723, on roots of corn. Mankato, Kansas; June 2719002" (b) One vial with eleven larvae, eight pupae and nine imagines, marked “Tripton, lowa, Sept. 8, 1891; HR... Pandack.. Ae Larva (Figs. 14 1, 15 1, 16 1, and 22 1), about 10 mm. long, in general aspect and most of the anatomical details identical with Diabrotica duodecimpunctata (Fabricius) but differing from this larva in the following characters: Head cap- sule more elongate and with straighter sides, the pygidial shield without uro- gomphi (=cerci, auct.) and the small thin plates below the pygidial shield less distinct. The color of the chitinized parts is lighter and more yellowish, par- ticularly of the head capsule, the prothoracic shield and the pygidial shield and the dark mottling of the prothoracic shield fainter. Diabrotica vittata (Fabricius).! (U. S. National Museum: (a) One vial with four larvae, marked ‘“‘No. 2789, from box 13.165” (b) A series of vials con- taining eggs, first, second, third, fourth larval instars and the pupa from C. J. Drake, Ames, Iowa. Determination by rear- ing.) Mature larva (Figs. 25 v, 26 v, 27 v and 28 v) about 10 mm. long, in general aspect and most details looking as Diabrotica duodecimpunctata, but differing from this larva in the following characters: Pygidial shield large, covering the dorsal side of ninth segment completely, in dorsal outline shaped like a shovel 1A description and a good habitus drawing of this larva in lateral view has recently appeared in the paper by Dwight Isely: ‘The Striped Cucumber Beetle”’ (University of Arkansas, Agricultural Experiment Station, Bull. No. 216, 1927, 36 pages). On pp. 34-36 is found a list of literature concerning the species. On p. 8 the length of the full grown larva is given as “about 12 mm.” Another habitus figure of the larva, but in dorsal view and with detail draw- ings of head, thorax, leg and end of abdomen, is given by F. H. Chittenden in “The striped cucumber beetle and how to control it” (U. S. Dept. of Agriculture Farmers’ Bull. No. 1322, 1923, 16 pages). 200 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 9, DEC., 1927 blade ‘“‘paliform,” brown with slight or no mottling; urogomphi present, larger than in duodecimpunctata (compare figures); the small plates below the pygidial shield also better developed than in this species. The first and second larval instars differ somewhat from the mature (fourth) instar as the following brief characterizations will show. First instar, 3-3¥% mm. long. The small setae-bearing plates of the body are more visible than in the mature larva and light gray colored. Pygidial shield is proportionally as large and shaped as in the mature larva, except that the urogomphi are absent; the place where the urogomphi are located in the other instars is indicated by two dark-colored spots. Second instar, 5 mm. long. The small setae-bearing plates less distinct than in first instar and only slight grey colored but not colorless as in the mature larva. Pygidial shield proportionally as large and shaped as in the mature larva, urogomphi present but small, corresponding in size to the urogomphi of Diabrotica duodecimpunctata. Third instar, 7 mm. long; in other respects identical with the mature larva. Phyllobrotica quadrimaculata Linnaeus. MATURE LARVA. (U. S. National Museum: One vial with one larva and one reared imago, marked “In the earth, 14.1V 1918—Pupa 17.V, "18. Reared 1, VI, 718. Dyrehaven, Seeland, Denmark.” Collected, reared and presented by J. P. Kryger.) Larva (Fig. 4 P), about 7 mm. long, 144 mm. wide, fleshy and whitish, similar to the larva of genus Diabrotica, but comparatively shorter and thicker, with head capsule almost circular, about as long as wide, prothoracic shield (Fig. 5 P) not so well chitinized, the different areas of the body segments more bulging, legs stronger and somewhat longer, the intersegmental regions between the abdominal segments present dorsally and ventrally, but not forming as complete a ring as in Diabrotica; ninth abdominal segment (Fig. 8 P) well developed, dorsally oval in outline, flat and chitinized thinly on the disc but without a definite pygidial shield and with the tergal margin fleshy and thick, urogomphi (=cerci) not developed; tenth abdominal segment a fleshy pygopod with anus in the sucking surface, as in Diabrotica. Head capsule (Fig. 2 P) shining, reddish brown, changing in places to whitish; epistoma, the frontal stiletto-mark, the antennal ring, ventral and posterior margins of epicranium blackish brown; the frontal sutures and the median epi- cranial suture appearing as light colored lines. Labrum, mandibles and the chitinizations of the ventral mouth parts brownish, tip of mandibles particularly dark. Head—setae moderately long. Body (Figs. 1 P, 4 P and 5 P), with rather short, light straw-yellow setae in somewhat darker colored cups; setal arrangement as in Diabrotica. war a ee PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 9, DEC., 1927 201 Legs with five joints, trochanter being distinct; one claw, a paronychial ap- pendix, chitinizations and setal arrangements also as in Diabrotica. Spiracles circular, dark straw-yellow, like the setal cups. TAXONOMIC COMMENTS. The subfamily Galerucinae as commonly limited includes about a dozen tribes of which, however, only the following are represented by their larval stages in the National Museum: Diabroticini with larvae of the genus Diabrotica, Phyllobroti- cini with larvae of the genus Phyllobrotica, Coelomerini with larvae of the genus Monocesta, Atysini with larvae of the genera Trirhabda, Lochmaea, Galerucella and Monoxia, Agelasticini with larvae of the genus Galeruca, and Agelasini with larvae of the genus Agelasa (= Sermyla) These known Galerucinae larvae belong to two, particularly in their general appearance distinct groups, the first group in- cluding the larvae of the tribes Diabroticini and Phyllobroti- cini, represented by the genera Diabrotica and Phyllobrotica treated in the present paper, the second group including the rest of the larvae. The Diabroticini-Phyllobroticini larvae are elongate, with large intersegmental membranes between the abdominal seg- ments, whitish, fleshy and without distinctly colored small setae-bearing plates; dorsally on the abdominal segments are three distinct transverse areas each marked by a transverse series of setae; the legs are rather slender and short, ocelli absent, and lacinia is armed with a short, longitudinal series of about five equally long, strong, elittering setae. The rest of the known Galerucinae larvae are rather short, broad and, with exception of Agelastica, devoid of intersegmen- tal membranes; the body possesses numerous distinct, usually brownish and often metallic-colored small plates; dorsally on the abdomen only two transverse areas, cach mostly with a series of setae-bearing plates; the legs are strong and plump, there is one, well-developed ocellus on each side of the head, and lacinia is armed either with a long series of about ten long, flat setae or with many setae of different sizes, irregularly distributed over the whole surface. While the Diabroticini and Phyllobroticini larvae in this manner can be separated without difficulty from the other Galerucinae larvae they agree in general form, color and all structural details with the larvae of the tribes Systenini, Crepidoderini, the latter represented in the National Museum by the genus Epitrix, and the Psylliodini, all belonging to the nearest subfamily Halticinae. Like the Ditabroticini and Phyllobroticini, the larvae of these tribes are whitish, fleshy, elongate, either with (Systena and Epitrix), or without (Psyl- liodes), large intersegmental membranes; dorsally on the abdom- 202 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 9, DEC., 1927 inal segments are three transverse areas, each marked by a transverse series of setae, and the body is deprived of well- colored, small setae-bearing plates; ocelli are absent and lacinia is armed with a short series of long setae (Figs. 12 Ps, 13 Ps, 18 Ps, 23 Ps, 24 Ps, 29 Ps and 30 Ps, all copied from Prof. Geo. H. Carpenter’s article, quoted in footnote below).' Near to this group of Halticinae tribes are the two tribes Aphthorini, with the genera Longitarsus and Phyllotreta, and the Chaetocnemini. Their larvae are more or less whitish, often elongate, always without intersegmental membranes; dorsally on the abdominal segments possessing three transverse areas, each marked by a transverse series of setae; small body plates are either present or absent, and ocelli are absent. Gradually the larvae of the different genera included in the two latter, rather intermediate tribes approach those of the tribe Halticini. The Halticini larvae are well known, owing especially to William Colcord Woods’ thorough bulletins from the Maine Agricultural Experimental Station, and often con- sidered typical for the whole subfamily Halticinae. Neverthe- less, in general aspect and structural details the Halticini larvae are more similar to the main bulk of Galerucinae larvae than these latter are to the Diabroticini and Phyllobroticini larvae and more than the Halticini larvae themselves are to the Halticinae tribes Systenini, Crepidoderini and Psylliodini. Halticini larvae are comparatively short, devoid of interseg- mental membranes, possess numerous distinct brown- or blackish-colored plates, and dorsally the abdominal segments have only two transverse areas indicated by two series of setae- bearing plates; the legs are strong and plump, and lacinia 1s armed with a series of more than five, usually about ten, long, flat setae. Only in a single important character, the lack of ocelli, they differ from the majority of the Galerucinae larvae which, as mentioned, have a large ocellus on each side. How- ever, a well-developed ocellus on each side of the head is present in the larvae of other Halticinae tribes, particularly the Arsipo- dini, including the genus Mantura, the Disonychini and the Aspicelini, with the genus Phydanis, but absent in the’ closely related Oedionychini, and all of these last mentioned tribes can 1Consult the following literature: (1) Larva of Systena blanda Melsheimer de- scribed and figured by F. H. Chittenden (U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Ent. Bull. (new series) No. 23, 1900, pp. 24-25), and also by John Marten (Forbes’s 18th Ihi- nois Report, 1894, p. 22); (2) Larva of Epitrix parvula Fabricius described and figured by Adam G. Béving in “Life history studies of the tobacco flea beetle by F. S. Chamberlin and J. N. Tenhet”’ (Journ. Agric. Research; Wash., D. C., vol. 29, No. 12, 1924, pp. 575-577); (3) Larva of Psylliodes chrysocephala (Lin- naeus) described and figured by Geo. H. Carpenter (Journ. Econ. Biology, London, 1906, vol. 1, pp. 152-156). : : ae = 7 fe wa f 5 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 9, DEC., 1927 203 without difficulty be connected with the Halticini. They deviate from them only in general appearance and a few struc- tural details, especially in possessing small, wart shaped, Beede- bearing tubercles instead of setae- bearing plates. The larvae of the Mniophilini including the genera Argopis- tes and Sphaeroderma occupy a very isolated position among the Halticinae larvae, and the larvae of the Blepharidini present a type so distinctly different from all other Halticinae larvae that the tribe probably will prove itself misplaced in the sub- family. Briefly summarized the results of the whole discussion of the taxonomic problems involved in the classification of the larvae of the Diabroticini and Phyllobroticini tend to show (1) that the two main groups of Galerucinae larvae, namely, the com- bined Diabroticini-Phyllobroticini tribes and the rest of the Galerucinae larvae are so closely related to the two correspond- ing main groups of Halticinae larvae, respectively, the combined Systenini-Crepidoderini Psylliodini and the Halticini with allied tribes, that they can not be separated by any valid charac- ters, and (2) that at the same time the larvae of two of the tribes, at present placed in the subfamily Halticinae, are very deviating and distinct from the rest of the Halticinae larvae. Consequently, the classification of the larvae does not sub- stantiate the general conception of the Galerucinae and Halti- cinae in their present limitation as constituting two separate subfamilies, but indicates that a more logical systematic ar- rangement might be made by uniting them into one subfamily; and in this new subfamily the Diabroticini and Phyllobroticini should be placed near the tribes Systenini, Crepidoderini ‘and Psylliodini. If, however, it is deemed advisable on account of the characters of the imagines to retain the two subfamilies Galerucinae and Halticinae, the Diabroticini and Phyllobroti- cini should be removed from the first and placed in the second, and at least one tribe, the Blepharidini, should be excluded from the Halticinae. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. (Drawings by the author, except the figures 12 Ps, 13 Ps, 18 Ps, 23 Ps, 24 Ps, 29 Ps and 30 Ps, which are copied from Professor Geo. H. Carpenter’s article, quoted in the text on page 202.) 1 P! Phyllobrotica quadrimaculata. Ventral side of second and third abdominal segments: e—epipleurum; h—hypopleurum; I—intersegmental ring. 1The capital letters D, P, and Ps, following the numbers of the figures are the first letters in the generic names of the larvae referred to, and the small letters d, 1, and v are the first letters In the specific names of the larvae from which the parts are drawn. 204 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 9, DEC., 1927 2 P Phyllobrotica quadrimaculata. Head capsule. 3. D Diabrotica duodecimpunctata. Weft mandible. 4P Phyllobrotica quadrimaculata. Larva in lateral view. 5 P Phyllobrotica quadrimaculata. Dorsal view of head, prothorax and meso- thorax. 6 D Diabrotica duodecimpunctata. Head capsule, dorsal view; a—mandi- bular articulation, at—tactile organ, es—epicranial suture, fs—frontal suture, mb—basal membrane of antenna. 7D Diabrotica duodecimpunctata. Paronychial appendix (=empodium) on the posterior face of the claw. 8 P Phyllobrotica quadrimaculata. Eighth and ninth abdominal segments, dorsal view. 9 D Diabrotica duodecimpunctata. Dorsal side (to the left) and ventral side (to the right) of ventral mouthparts; ca—cardo, g—galea, hr—hypo- pharyngeal rod, hy—hypopharynx, la—lacinia, lab—labium, li— ligula, m—mentum, mart—maxillary articulating area, or—oesopha- geal rod, p—two-jointed appendix of galea, pg—palpiger, pgn—parag- natha, sm—submentum, st—stipes. 10 D Diabrotica duodecimpunctata. Head, the thoracic segments and first ab- dominal segment, dorsal view; al—alar area, e’—postepipleurum, ex —exterior portion of prescutum, ex*—exterior portion of scuto-scu- tellum, I—intersegmental region, m—median portion of prescutum, m*—median portion of scuto-scutellum, ps—prescutum, psl—postscu- tellum, s—scutum, s-sl—scuto-scutellum, sl—scutellum. 11 D Diabrotica duodecimpunctata. Head, the thoracic segments and first ab- dominal segment, ventral view; h—hypopleurum, I—intersegmental region, j—jugular area; pa—parasternum; postl—poststernellum, pst— presternum, st—sternum, stl—sternellum. 12 Ps:Psylliodes chrysocephala. Left mandible, ventral view. 13 Ps Psylliodes chrysocephala. Leg, anterior face. 141 Diabrotica longicornis. Eighth and ninth abdominal segments, dorsal view. 151 Diabrotica longicornis. Ninth and tenth abdominal segments, lateral view. 161 Diabrotica longicornis. Fighth, ninth and tenth abdominal segments, ventral view. 17 D Diabrotica duodecimpunctata. Head, the thoracic segments and two abdominal segments, lateral view; al—alar area, e—epipleurum, e!— pre-epipleurum, e’—postepipleurum, h—hypopleurum, I—interseg- mental region, pa—parasternum, postl—poststernellum, ps—prescu- tum, psl—postscutellum, pst—presternum, s—scutum, s-sl—scuto- scutellum, sl—scutellum, st—eusternum, stl—sternellum, v—ventro- lateral suture. 18 Ps Psylliodes chrysocephala. Left maxilla, dorsal view. 19d Diabrotica duodecimpunctata. Eighth and ninth abdominal segments, dorsal view. 20 d Diabrotica duodecimpunctata. Fighth, ninth and tenth abdominal seg- ments, lateral view. - wt ary PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 9, DEC., 1927 205 21d Diabrotica duodecimpunctata. Eighth, ninth and tenth abdominal seg- ments, ventral view. 221 Diabrotica longicornis. Head capsule and prothoracic shield, dorsal view. 23 Ps Psylliodes chrysocephala. Head capsule, dorsal view. 24 Ps Psylliodes chrysocephala. Typical abdominal segment, lateral view. 25 v Diabrotica vittata. Eighth and ninth abdominal segments, dorsal view. 26 v_ Diabrotica vittata. Ninth and tenth abdominal segments, lateral view. 27 v Diabrotica vittata. Eighth, ninth and tenth abdominal segments, ven- tral view. 28 v Diabrotica vittata. Head capsule and prothoracic shield, dorsal view. 29 Ps Psylliodes chrysocephala. \arva, lateral view. 30 Ps Psylliodes chrysocephala. Eighth and ninth abdominal segments, dorsal view. A NEW MIDGE INJURIOUS TO PINEAPPLES (DIPTERA, CERA- TOPOGONINAE). By O. A. JoHANNSEN. Apelma brevis n. sp. Male.—Eyes bare, strongly emarginate around the base of the antennae, contiguous above, separated below the mouth-parts by a distance equal to the width of the eye. Occiput blackish, hairs dusky. Face and proboscis dusky yellow, the latter about two-thirds the height of the head. Antennae dark with dark hairs; first basal segments large, nearly contiguous, transverse; second segment petiolate, slightly smaller than the third, petiole between the second and third about two-thirds as long as broad; segments three to ten nearly sessile and subequal in length, the third nearly spherical, the succeeding segments gradually diminishing in diameter to the tenth which is only slightly more than half as wide as the third and slightly shorter, segments eleven to fourteen in- creasing in diameter to the fourteenth, eleventh about twice as long as the tenth; twelfth, thirteenth and fourteenth slightly longer, subequal, the eleventh to thirteenth tapering, the fourteenth elongate oval, bearing a terminal papilla with constricted neck and with a shallow longitudinal apical furrow; second segment verticillate with hairs which are about three times as long as the diameter of the segment, segments three to ten verticillate with long hairs which lie nearly parallel to the antennal axis and extend almost to the tip of the an- tenna, segments eleven to thirteen with a verticil of projecting hairs at the base and some scattering hairs more distad, hairs of the fourteenth shorter. Palpi yellowish, projecting beyond the tip of the proboscis; first segment but little longer than broad; second nearly as long as the third; third segment with sensory pit, broader than the following, and as long as the two succeeding seg- ments taken together. Thorax blackish, slightly shining, with indistinct grayish pollen, sparsely pale haired in addition to a few black setae; humeri, upper portion of the pleura, ex- treme posterior angles of mesonotum, and scutellum yellow; pectus and metano- PLATE 11 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29 j Py . « te ¥ * 4 ; : : | 28, Ps BOPs BOVING—DIABROTICA AND PHYLLOBROTICA. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 9, DEC., 1927 207 tum blackish; scutellum margined with black setae. Abdomen blackish with sparse pale brownish hairs. Hypopygium of the same general character as de- scribed for other members of this genus (Cf. Saunders, Parasitology, 17:260, 1925) resembling most closely that figured for 4. edwardsi with respect to form of the internal chitinized parts; the last tergite however has its posterior margin rather more pointed and covered with long stout setae whose bases show con- spicuously even when the setae are rubbed off; side pieces of the claspers, which also are provided with long setae do not extend as far caudad as the tip of the tergite; the claspers are slender, slightly curved, broadest at base, tapering, slightly broadening again toward the tip where they become flattened and somewhat spoon-shaped. Legs including coxae pale brown with hairs of a more yellowish sheen, longer hairs not sharply differentiated in color; first segment of the hind tarsus about equal to the combined length of the next three; last three segments subequal; claws large, simple, strongly curved; empodium vestigial. Wings | mm. long, width 0.33 mm., grayish hyaline, with slender decumbent hair-like scales which cover the wing surface, surface finely punctate, fringe hairs as long as those of the disc, with some scattered longer ones especially along the posterior margin on the basal half. Sub-costa indistinct; costa ends at 0.58 the wing length measured from the basal articulation or equidistant from the arculus and the wing tip; cells R! and R?+° apparently subequal, the latter especially narrow; the r-m crossvein arched; M!+? ending slightly nearer the wing tip thandoes M3; base of M# evanescent; Cu forks opposite the tip of the costa. Halteres with yellowish white knobs, stem more dusky. Length of insect. 1.3 mm. Female.—Rather paler than the male. Occiput yellowish. Antennae dark with dark hairs; basal segment transverse, slightly broader than long; second segment nearly cylindrical, nearly 1.5 times as long as broad; third and fourth subequal, a fourth less in diameter than the second, two-thirds as long as broad; fifth, three-fourths as long as broad; sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth subequal, each slightly longer than third to fifth combined, broadest at base then taper- ing toward apex; tenth (terminal) slightly longer and broader than the ninth, cylindrical, tapering at tip, with terminal papilla asin the male. Palpi yellowish, about as long as the proboscis, segments subequal, except the third which is distinctly broader and a third longer than the next. Thorax brown, sparsely yellow haired, laterally with a few stout black setae; humeri, posterior angles of the mesonotum, scutellum, and upper portion of the sides yellow; pectus and metanotum brown. Abdomen dark brown, venter pale, with sparse pale brownish hairs. Legs dusky yellow, with fine yellowish hairs and longer, darker ones; empodium well developed, nearly as long as the claws. Wing 0.85 mm. long, 0.32 mm. wide; venation as with the male. Larva.—Length 3.5 mm. Alcoholic specimens which are white in color in- cluding the head, possess the usual characteristics of the larvae of this genus having the axis of the head in line with that of the body and with small anterior and posterior prolegs. The head is 0.3 mm. long, about two-thirds longer than wide, eye spots indistinctly geminate, situated very slightly caudad of the middle of the head. Body provided with two or three pairs of long simple setae on each segment; the rubbed condition of the specimens prevents a more precise statement. Lateral setae not finned at the base. Posterior margin of 208 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 29, NO. 9, DEC., 1927 the penultimate segment with a pair of long bristles. Four simple blood gills, apparently not arranged in pairs, apices rounded. The lanceolate pale amber colored blade-like modified hairs with serrate margins situated at the apex of the abdomen are similar to those figured by Saunders (I. c.) for 4. edwardsi but apparently relatively larger, measuring .075 mm. in length. Pupa.—Length 2.5. Exuviae white. Head with two pronounced papillae situated on the median triangle. Prothoracic horns nearly cylindrical, tapering at the base, imbricate except toward the tip. Thorax with two pairs of small dorsal tubercles and inconspicuous pits. Each intermediate segment of the abdomen with a lateral spinose tubercle which in turn has a long seta anteriorly at the base, three pairs of ventro-lateral spinose tubercles, dorsally with two fine setae and more posteriorly two small tubercles one on each side of the median ine. Genital sacks slender, tapering, the surface covered with small tubercles which give them an imbricate appearance; ventrally there is a small seta at the base of each. This species resembles in many particulars 4. keilinz but differs from it as well as from other members of the genus in possessing the following combination of characters. Small size, wing length 1 mm. and eleventh antennal segment only slightly shorter than the twelfth in the male; in the female with but ten antennal segments. The simple not finned lateral setae, the white head two-thirds longer than wide and the four simple blood gills characterize the larva. The exuviae of the pupa are uncolored and there are two strong papillae on the median triangle. It may require a study of the early stages of the type species of Apelma Kieffer and of Euforcipomyia Malloch to determine their relationships. The holotype and allotype of this species have been de- posited in the U. S. National Museum; paratypes in the Cor- nell University collection. The specimens upon which the descriptions are based were collected in Hawai by Dr. J. F. [lingworth who writes con- cerning the species: “This fly is a troublesome pest of pineapple plants. It breeds in the water-pockets in the axils of the leaves. The maggots make slight scars on the very tender, white tissue of the leaf, and bacteria entering these scars cause a rot of the whole plant.” Actual date of publication, December 30, 1927. INDEX TO VOLUME 29 Acidopria columbiana Ashmead, 167. Acoloides floridensis, n. sp., 179. Acyclania schadei, n. sp., description, 76. Alcis attracta, n. sp., description, 79. Avpricu, J. M., Article by, 17. Amastus aphraates, n. sp., description, 74; fer- rera, n. sp., description, 74. Animal census of pastures and meadows, 62. Anobiidae, Classification by larvae, 51; descrip- tion of new genus and species, 49. Apelma brevis, n. sp., 205. Anthomyidae, reared from bird’s nest, 92. Apatelodes ibar, n. sp., description, 105; para- guayana, n. sp., description, 104. Argyrotome prattaria, n. sp., description, 107. Arrow, G. J., Article by, 69. Aserica, Note on genus, 69. Australian Syrphidae, 82. Barser, H.S., Article by, 149. Bees of Turtle Island, Gulf of Siam, 160. Beetle, from Egyptian ruins, 121. Berberodes pohli, n. sp., description, 77; ser- raria, n. sp., description, 77. Bird houses, insect inhabitants of, 87. BratspELL, F. E., Article by, 121. Blind beetle, from Egyptian ruins, 121. Bovine, Apa G., Article by, 51, 133, 151, 193. Bronchelia funeraria, n. sp., description, 78. Bryoptera phileas, n. sp., description, 80. Bucculatrix gossypiella, n. sp., description with figures, 95. Bucnanay, L. L., Article by, 25. Calidota hadesia, n. sp., description, 76. Caliope flaviceps Loew, puparium of, 184. Calliceras whittakeri, n. sp., 173. Calydna hemis, n. sp., description, 73. Cambogia paulona, n. sp., description, 82. Cauve Lt, A. N., Articles by, 129, 144. Census (animal) of pastures, etc., 62. Cerambycidae, from Colombia and Central America, 23. Ceratopogoninae, 205. Cholia pizote, n. sp., 185. Cicada, Head and mouth parts of, 1. Cicadidae, of Washington, D. C., 70 Cidariophanes proteria, n. sp., description, 80. Citheronia guayaquila, n. sp., description, 103. CockeErELL, Tueo. D. A., Articles by, 48, 160. Corixidae, description, 189. Cotton bucculatrix, new species of, 94. Corton, R. T., Article by, 93. Crocisa insulicola, n. sp., 162; pernitida basi- fracta, n. subsp., 162. Curculionidae, New species of, 149. Diabrotica, larva and taxonomy of, 193. Diapria conica Fab., 166 Diptera, Characteristics of Occiput, 47. Dismorphia broomeae robinsoni, new form, 186. Dissoptera pollinosa Edwards, note on, 87. Dyar, Harrison G., Article by, 162. Ephestia kuehniella, Protozoon and bacterial disease of, 147. Euglyphis primola, n. sp., description, 104. Eumerus superbus, n. sp., description, 84. Eumycterus saccharidis Barber, immature stages of, 151; n. sp., description of, 149. Ewine, H. E., Articles by, 118, 146. Fannia nidicola, n. sp., description and figure, Fisuer, W. S., Articles by, 23, 49, 116. Fouts, Rospert M., Article by, 165. Ganavy, A. B., Article by, 99. Galerucinae, 193. Graptomyza antipoda, n. sp., description, 83. Greene, C. T., The Larva and Puparium of Oedematocera dampfi Aldrich, 18. Gryllus domesticus, as a household pest, 22. Halisidota pohli, n. sp., description, 75; ramona, n. sp., description, 75. Halticinae, 193. Haplothrips rectipennis, n. sp., description with figure, 112. Harmolita elymophaga, n. sp., description with figure, 127; kingi, n. sp., description with figure, 128. Hayes, Wo. P., Article by, 20. Hemihyalea camposi, n. sp., description, 74. Hemiptera, aquatic and semi-aquatic, of Mul- fort Expedition to Bolivia, South Americe, 1 Holepyris punctifrons, n. sp., 166. Holophaea erharda, n. sp., description, 74. Hoop, J. Douctas, Articles by, 22, 111. Huncerrorp, H. B., Article by, 187. Hydrometra mulfordi, n. sp.. 187. Hvlesia biolleya, n. sp., description, 103; mu- nonia, n. sp., description, 77; olivenca, n. sp., description, 102; palcazua, n. sp., descrip- tion, 102; petena, n. sp., description, 101; sorana, n. sp., description 76. Insect and arachnid hibernacula (bird nests), 180. Japanese Beetle, Olfactory Response of, E. A. Richmond, 36 Jouannsen, Article by, 205. Jounson, C. W., Article by, 45. Lamprosema caradocalis, 185. Lepidoptera from collection of Colonel Wirt Robinson, 190. Repracie aliena, n. sp., 176; longispina, n. sp., 1 Lice, descriptions of new species with key, 118. Linognathus panamensis, n. sp., description, 119. Loxotropa nigrescens, n. sp., 169. McAtee, W. L., Articles by, 70, 87, 180. Mattocu, J. R., Articles by, 87, 184. Malometasternum scutellaris, n. sp., descrip- tion, 86. Megachile atratiformis sininsulae, n. subsp, 160; kohtaoensis, n. sp., 161. Megalopyge guaya, n. sp., description, 106; in- cachaca, n. sp., description, 106; sevarina, n. sp., description, 107; victoriana, n. sp., de- scription, 107. Melanophia eucheria, n. sp., description, 79. Mescinia peruella, n. sp., 186 Melolonthinae, note on, 69. Mezotheu zenobia, n. sp., description, 73. Microdon daveyi, note on, 85; iridomyrmex, n. sp., description, 85 Minettia ordinaria Melander, puparium of, 184. Moraritt, A. W., Article by, 94. Mylabridae, classification of larvae, 133. 209 210 Myocalandra elongata in U.S., 93. Neossos marylandica, n. sp., description, 90. Neurophyseta ursmaralis, n. sp., 185. Nevermannia dorcatomoides Fisher, larva of, 51; Change of name, 116; dorcatomoides, description of genus and species, 49. Nevermannus n. name for Nevermannia, 116. Ochteridae, descriptions, 188. Oona brunneus, n. sp., 188; manni, n. sp., 189. Oedematocera dampfi, n. sp., 17; larva and pu- parium of, 18. Ormiscodes cutteri, n. sp., description, 101. Panscopus, A review of, 25. Papilio paeon Cockerell, description, 48. Paramesius laetus, n. sp., 170 Pericoma satellitia, n. sp., 163. Pericopis schadei, n. sp., ‘description, 103. Phaenopria occidentalis, n. sp. 168. Puituips, W. J., Article by, 125. Phthirus goriliae, Nn. Sp., description, 120. Phycitinae, descriptions, 186. Phyllobrotica, larva and taxonomy of, 193. Physocleora marcia, n. sp., description, 81; san- tosia, n. sp., description, 81. Pieridae, description, 186. Plectops pruinosa, n. sp., description, 91. Polyplax alaskensis, n. sp., description, 118. Popillia Japonica, olfactory response, 36. Pristocerua armifera, host of, 20. Prosynacra gracilis, n. sp., 171. Protoparce quinquemaculata wirti, new aber- ration, 186. Proturans, occurrence in N. A., 14 Pseudanteris, new Genus (Serphoidea), 177; in- signis, n. sp., 177 Psilota nigra, n. sp., description, 83. Psychidae, description, 185. Psychodidae, American with descriptions of new forms, 163. Pyraustinae, new species of, 185. Pyrinia sabasia, n. sp., description, 78. INDEX Rhabdepyris amabilis, n. sp., 165. Rhyncothrips usitatus, n. sp., description with figure, 113. Ricumonp, E. Avery, Article by, 36. Rouwer, ct A., Article by, 19; Taxonomic arti- cles by, 66, 67. Sawflies (European), Ecologic and taxonomic notes on, 66; Synonymy of, 67. Scuaus, W., Articles by, 73, 101, 185, 190. Scoliidae, description, 19. Scorpioteleia vera, n. sp., 173. Serphoidea, descriptions of several n. sp.. 165. SHannon, Raymonp C., Articles by, 47, 82. Snopecrass, R. E., Article by, 1 South American Hemiptera, 187; Lepidoptera, new species of, 73. Sphagoeme ochracea, n. sp., 23. Sphingidae, description, 186. Synteleia coracina, n. sp., 178; new genus (Syr- phoidea), 178. Sy OLOMaeD is oviperditor, n. sp., description, Syrphidae, South American, n. sp., Australian, n. sp., 82. Tachinidae, reared from bird nest, 91. Taxonomy, problems of, 129. ‘Tenagobia pulchra, n. sp., 189. Thaumaphrastus, n. gen., 123; karanisensis, n. sp. 123. Thelosia jorgenseni, n. sp., description, 105. Thyrinteina schadeana, n. sp., description, 80. Tiphia koreana, n. sp., 19. Trichopria abdominalis Fouts, 167. Trichothrips pergandei, n. sp., description with figure, 115. Types, Remarks on questionable, 45. Wuite, G. F., Article by, 147. Wo tcort, Geo. N., Article by, 62. Xenotoma bradleyi, n. sp., 172 Zorotypus longicercatus, n. with figure, 144. sp., description PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON VoLuME 30 PUBLISHED BY THE Society WASHINGTON, D. C. 1928 ACTUAL DATE OF PUBLICATION OF VOLUME 30. Number 1—pages 1-20 inclusive ......... February 18, 1928. Number 2—pages 21-40 inclusive ......... March 24, 1928. Number 3—pages 41-60 inclusive ......... April 24, 1928. Number 4—pages 61-76 inclusive ......... May 29, 1928. Number 5—pages 77-92 inclusive ......... Fune 16, 1928. Number 6—pages 93-112 inclusive ........ Fuly 18, 1928. Number 7—pages 113-132 inclusive ........ October 12, 1928. Number 8—pages 133-152 inclusive ........ November 9, 1928. Number 9—pages 153-186 inclusive . ...... . January 4, 1929. Press oF H. L. & J. B. McQueen, Inc. Wasuincron, D. C. [ii] TABLE OF CONTENTS OF VOLUME 30 Aupricu, J. M.: Sy nopy mic Notes on n Diptera ae Barber, H.G.: The Genus Eremocoris in ie Eastern United! States with Descriptions of a New Species and a New Variety (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) , Bovine, Apam G.: The lary: ae “Of Broce econ W plete, and! ext limerus Arcufer Chapin of the Beetle Family Cleridae . Buscx, Aucust: John Hartley Durrant, Obituary Caupve Lt, A. N.: On the Systematic Position of the Orthoprerens ene Cnemotettix Caudell and Phoberopus Saussure & Pictet . Cuapin, Epwarp A.: The North American Species of Holotrochus Erich- SOMA i ere 2 EN eer) 3 ae eR Asin st a CuitreNDEN, F. H.: An Injurious Chinese Nut Curculio (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) —— —— Description of a New Gecies of ae fren, the Pacific Reson of the United States Ciausen, Curtis P.: The Mannet of ‘Oviposaen ad the Blanidiamn: ak Schizaspidia Manipurensis, n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Eucharidae) . Dozier, H. L.: Two Undescribed Aphelinid Scale Parasites from Dela- ware (Aphelinidae: Hymenoptera) rie: Dyar, Harrison G.: Descriptions of Four South Aeediesa Moths (lent doptera) Se Aenean Paycigdidae ieee —— —— A Necessity for Taxonomic Workers Water Bearing Plants of Panama which Harter Mgearinocs with a New Species of Wyeomvia (Diptera: Culicidae) ; —— —— Notes on Cactus Moths Allied to Melitara, with One New Genus and Species —— --— Description of a New Gene dieeiduprera)) Enr. Soc. or Wasu.: List of Members . Ewine, H. E.: A Preliminary Key to the (eras of Tifecen eecies! of the Mite Genus Trombicula, with Descriptions of Four New Species . Faui, H. C.: A Review of the Genus Polyphylla (Coleoptera: Scara- Pecabe) a ne Pelyphyila Geetiosa Gey. AGsieoprets Gearahad. ie Fisner, W. S.: New Cactus Beetles, II (Coleoptera) Fours, Rozert: Notes on the Bethylinae with Descriptions of One Wen Gaban and Twelve New North American Species : Granovsky, A. A.: A New Genus and Species of ce (Hocioptera) HEInrIcH, Cae: New Fie Moths from Japan » Ole. ehreutidaeyn 4 4 «08. 4 6 a = A New Way resia from Florida (eepidopiera: Olechreutidae) Howarp, L. O., et al.: Memorial to E. A. Schwarz 92 109 153 [iii] Knicut, Harry H.: Hesperolabops Periscopis, a New Periscopic Bug from Salvador, with a Note on the Texas Member of this Genus (Hemiptera: Miridae) ae McATEE, W. L. sugubsedera Oren Preferable to ene : —— —— << Biolog cal Species” from the Standpoint of the insect Pax. onomist Ne: —. —— A New Bicolored Species af Megane (Eemiper: ence tomidae) : 3 —-— —— Automatic Nomentlacare —-— —— A Two-word Code of Nomenclature —— —— Stability in Nomenclature McGreoor, E. A.: Descriptions of Two New Species Mop Spinnink Mites (Arachnida) Mat tocy, J. R.: Three New. Sheties ah the Gas Pediguepte ‘Gye optera: Psammocharidae) Mueseseck, C. F. W.: A New European Species of Apanteles ‘Gyaee optera) Parasitic on the Gipsy Moth . ease Parker, J. B.: Vespula Rears Successive Broods in the Same Car Poos, F. W.: An Annotated List of Some Parasitic Insects . Roawee S. A.: Preoccupied Name in the Hymenoptera Scuaus, W.: New Species of Lepidoptera in the United States Navona Museum Smit, M. R.: Plastaphers) Gremiord? Coa! ond Plastaphors Spavulare Malloch (Diptera: Phoridae), Parasitic on Solenopsis Geminata Fabr. Wa rer, E. V.: Some New Moths from Arizona : Wuire, G. F.: Potato Beetle Septicemia, with the Proposal ue a eee Species of Bacterium Doel sa Wo tcort, Grorce N.: The May Species of Tene (Géarabacidue: Cole- optera) —— —— Phy Nepaesar minutissima, TA Gomction liv] 105 Sip 71 21 76 VOL. 30 JANUARY, 1928 No. 1 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON CONTENTS DYAR, HARRISON G.—DESCRIPTIONS OF FOUR SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS (LEPI- DOPTERA) . . ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON—LIST OF MEMBERS... ... 17 FISHER, W. S.—NEW CACTUS BEETLES, It (COLEOPTERA). ...°... . 1 MC ATEE, W. L.—SUBGENERA OFTEN PREFERABLE TO GENERA... .. 14 MC GREGOR, E. A.— DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF SPINNING MITES INGEUS IIIA)! 5, sj picie-)n ie sph DAtlch ay Sol sasha yw ora) ede ee oR E SEN aL MUESEBECK, C. F. W.—A NEW EUROPEAN SPECIES OF APANTELES (HYMEN- CREERA) PARASITIC ONGDHPESGIPSY MOTEL) 5 = = « 3. aes seems PARKER, J. B.—-VESPULA REARS SUCCESSIVE BROODS IN THE SAME CELLS . 14 Pus.iisHeD Montuiy Except Jury, AuGust aND SEPTEMBER BY THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON, D. C. Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D. C., under Act of August 24, 1912. Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized July 3, 1918. THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON OrcanizeD Marcu 12, 1884. The regular meetings of the Society are held in the National Museum on the first Thursday of each month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 P.M. Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00. Members are entitled to the ProckepInGs and any manuscript submitted by them is given precedence over any submitted by non-members. OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1927. EL GHOTGRY MAL ESIGCT ee ee aes. uae eee E, A. SCHWARZ President. (oi ae ek S88 ee rer oe J. A: HYSEOE earst Wices President 5s 29 M: Common on the native grass Epicampes rigens Benth., com- monly known as deer-grass, growing on the banks of the Kaweah River, near Lemon Cove, California. The leaf blades of this grass are very deeply fluted, and the mites live and feed in the interstices between the leaf ribs. (This habitat may account for the unusually long palpi which may have evolved through the need of reaching to the bottom of the leaf flutings; see late 2, tig. 9, A.) Collected by the author. Piate 2. Schizotetranychus fluvialis. Fig. 1.—Tip of tarsus showing tarsal appendages (viewed laterally). Fig. 2.—Tip of palpus with terminal appendages (viewed laterally). 14 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 1, JAN., 1928 Fig. 3.—Tip of tarsus (viewed ventrally). Fig. 4.—Collar trachea (lateral view). Fig. 5.—Tip of tarsus (viewed latero-ventrally). Fig. 6.—Penis (ventral view). Fig. 7.—Lateral view of female, containing one mature ova (3 legs amputated; palpi well separated). Fig. 8.—Mandibular plate. Fig. 9.—Cross section of one-half of leaf blade of host plant (““A” shows dia- gramatically position of mite when feeding. VESPULA REARS SUCCESSIVE BROODS IN THE SAME CELLS (HYMENOPTERA: VESPILAE). By J. B. Parker. Some time ago I was asked whether the White-faced Hornet, Vespula (Dolichovespula) maculata (Linn.), rears more than a single young in the brood cells composing the paper combs within its nest. At the time I did not know and an inquiry seemed to show that no one had ever taken the trouble to find out. On November 11, 1926, I found a large nest of this species, and from it removed the combs, four in number, placed one above the other. In the lower combs were found several fully developed females, still alive but too weak to emerge. By taking the topmost comb, the one first constructed, and splitting the cells lengthwise with a section razor, I found the cells in the center of this comb had been used several times. Since each larva before transforming to the pupa spins about itself, within the cell, a tough silken cocoon, which remains in the cell after the adult has emerged, the number of these silken cocoons found in a cell indicated the number of larvae that have been reared in that cell. The greatest number found in any cell in this nest was five. Specimens of sectioned cells from this nest have been placed in the collection of the United States National Museum. SUBGENERA OFTEN PREFERABLE TO GENERA. By W. L. McATEE. It must be admitted that the normal conception of a genus under the binomial system of nomenclature is that of a group of species. The extreme generic splitter is working, even if unconsciously, toward a monomial nomenclature, the inex- pediency of which needs no proving. If we are to remain binomial authors, the only type recognized by prevailing codes PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30 PLATE 2 MITES—MC GREGOR. 16 PROG. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 1, JAN., 1928 of nomenclature, we must adhere to the concept that as a rule genera are groups containing more than one species. If the argument thus far is admitted, then it goes without saying that the establishment of genera for single species is, taxonomically speaking, contrary to public policy. Neverthe- less in many cases among insects such action is justified by the very striking characters of a genotype but it should not be invoked in less conspicuous cases where the general habitus is that of an existing genus. In such cases one can well pass over variations in characters, even of those considered of great importance, in other cases. In entomological taxonomy seldom can criteria found valid in one group be applied in the analysis of another. If there is general agreement in characters and habitus, a single anomalous characteristic should not be used as a fulcrum to move the species from among its relatives. A genus has been defined as a recognizable trend in evolu- tion—a vague expression at best—and those attempting to apply it should remember that it is often more desirable to preserve the nomenclatorial ties with which we try to sym- bolize phyletic relationships than to sever them in attempting to recognize evolutionary trends. In deciding upon the number of genera to be recognized, intergradation is the most useful criterion. If substantial inter-gradation exists either in the supposed generic characters or even by slightly shifting combinations of characters (and the world fauna should be taken into consideration), it is futile to force artificial separations, as they will not be maintained. It is not only futile but dangerous for taxonomy as it increases the risk of misidentifications. A practical difficulty confronting one who in theory recog- nizes the validity of all that is said here is if he does not name obvious groups some one else will. He can, however, recognize them as subgenera, thus not disturbing practical nomenclature. By so doing he can protect his priority and establish vouchers for his acumen in research, while at the same time opposing both by precept and example the tendency to undue multi- plication of genera. There are taxonomists with whom perception of any group of species is at once followed by proposal of a generic name for it. Such systematists will not use subgeneric names saying they mean nothing. The retort to this process, of course, is reduction in rank by the next reviser of the names concerned. The lengthening series of synonyms we see in catalogues and revisions are clear evidence that the views of those who can not see the validity and practicability of the subordinate nomen- clatorial categories are not likely to prevail. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 1, JAN., 1928 bg THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON MEMBERSHIP—JANUARY 6, 1928. Abbott, W. S., Vienna, Va. Ainslie, C. N., 5009 Orleans Ave., Sioux City, Iowa. Ainslie, Geo. G., R. D. No. 9, Knoxville, Tenn. Aldrich, J. M., U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. Allen, H. W., Japanese Beetle Laboratory, Riverton, N. J. Back, E. A., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Baker, A. C., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Ball, E. D., Entomological Laboratory, Sanford, Fla. Barber, H. G., 143 Third Ave. E., Roselle Park, N. J. Barber, H. S., U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. Barnes, Wm., 152 East Prairie St., Decatur, Ill. Basseches, Oscar H., 701 Q St. N. W., Washington, D. C. Beutenmuller, Wm., Elm St., Tenafly, N. J. Bishopp, F. C., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Blackmore, E. H., Money Order Branch, Victoria, B. C. Blatchley, W. S., 1558 Park Ave., Indianapolis, Ind. Borden, A. B., Twenty-first and Euclid Ave., Upland, Calif.* Bottimer, L. J., Vienna, Va. Boving, Adam, U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. Bridwell, J. C., Barcroft, Va. Britton, W. E., Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Conn. Bruner, Lawrence, 3033 Deakin St., Berkeley, Calif. Buchanan, L. L., Biological Survey, Washington, D. C. Burgess, A. F., Gipsy Moth Laboratory, Melrose Highlands, Mass. Burke, H. E., Box 3010, Stanford University, Calif. Busck, August, U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. Campbell, F. L., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Caudell, A. N., U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. Chapin, E. A., U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. Chamberlin, T. R., U. S. Entomological Station, Forest Grove, Ore. Chambers, Ernest L., Dept. of Agriculture, State Capitol Annex, Madison, Wis. Champion, H. G., Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, U. P., India. Chittenden, F. H., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Clark, Austin H., U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. Coad, Bert R., Tallulah, La. Cockerell, T. D. A., 908 Tenth St., Boulder, Colo. Cole, F. R., 31 Mountain View Ave., Santa Cruz, Calif. Cory, E. N., Experimental Station, College Park, Md. Cotton, Richard T., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Craighead, F. C., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Crampton, G. C., Amherst, Mass. Crawford, J. C., care of State Entomologist, Raleigh, N. C. Currie, R. P., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Cushman, R. A., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Davis, W. T., 146 Stuyvesant Place, New Brighton, Staten Island, N. Y. DeGryse, Jos., 57 Finlay Ave., Ottawa, Canada. 18 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 1, JAN., 1928 Dine, D. L., van, Central Baragua, Baragua, Camaguey Province, Cuba. Dozier, H. L., Delaware Agricultural Experimental Station, Newark, Del. Drake, Carl J., Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa. Dusham, E. H., Pennsylvania State College, State College, Pa. Edmonston, W. D., Box 1658, Tucson, Ariz. Ely, Chas. R., No. 6, Kendall Green, Washington, D. C. Ewing, H. E., U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. Fabis, A. I., Brownwood, Texas. Fall, H. C., Tyngsboro, Mass. Felt, E. P., Nassau, Rensselaer Co., N. Y. Fernald, H. T., Amherst, Mass. Filmer, R. S., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Fink, D. E., Dept. of Zoology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. Fisher, W. S., U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. Fouts, Robert M., 730 Quebec St. N. W., Washington, D. C. Fracker, S. B., Federal Horticultural Board, Washington, D. C. Gahan, A. B., U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. Gardner, J. C. M., care of Forest Zoologist, Darjiling, India. Garrett, C. B. D., Box 512, Cranbrook, B. C. Gibson, E. H., Old Orchard Road, Ten Hills, Baltimore, Md. Gill, J. B., Box 957, Winter Haven, Fla. Gillette, C. P., Agricultural College, Fort Collins, Colo. Good, Henry, Alabama Polytechnic Institute, Auburn, Ala. Gouldman, Henry Y., Federal Horticultural Board, Washington, D. C. Graf, J. E., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Granovsky, A. A., 1532 University Ave., Madison, Wis. Greene, Chas. T., U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. Griswold, Grace H., Dept. of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. Hall, M. C., Bureau of Animal Industry, Washington, D. C. Hansen, James, St. John’s University, Collegeville, Minn. Hadley, C. H., U. S. Bureau of Entomology, 615 Front St., Toledo, Ohio. Hatch, Melville H., Dept. of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. Heinrich, Carl, U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. Henshaw, Samuel, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. Herbert, Frank B., 125 Glenridge, Los Gatos, Calif. High, M. M., Box 989, Gulfport, Miss. Hill, Chas. C., U. S. Entomological Laboratory, Carlisle, Pa. Hine, J. S., Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. Hoffman, W. A., School of Tropical Medicine, San Juan, Porto Rico. Holland, W. J., Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pa. Hood, J. D., Dept. of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, N. Y. Hooker, W. A., Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. D. A., Washington, D. C. Hopkins, A. D., Mineral Wells, W. Va. Horton, J. R., 126 South Minneapolis Ave., Wichita, Kans. Howard, L. O., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Hutchinson, R. H., Box 276, Paoli, Pa. Hyslop, J. A., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Isely, Dwight, University of Arkansas, Fayettville, Ark. Jackson, L. O., High School, Colorado Springs, Colo. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 1, JAN., 1928 19 Johannsen, O. A., Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. Johnson, C. W., Boston Society of Natural History, Boston, Mass. Johnson, S. A., Agricultural College, Ft. Collins, Colo. Jones, T. H., Gipsy Moth Laboratory, Melrose Highlands, Mass. Kincaid, Trevor, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash. Kisliuk, Max, care of Theod. Lynn, 134 South Second St., Philadelphia, Pa. Knaus, Warren, McPherson, Kans. Kraus, E. J., University of Chicago, Chicago, III. Langford, Geo. S., Dept. of Entomology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, Larrimer, W. H., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Larson, A. O., Box 297, Alhambra, Calif. Leonard, M. D., Roberts Hall, Ithaca, N. Y. Lounsbury, C. P., Box 513, Pretoria, South Africa. McAtee, W. L., Biological Survey, Washington, D. C. MclIndoo, N. E., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. McMahon, E. A., 9 Dalhousie St., Montreal, Canada. Malloch, J. R., Biological Survey, Washington, D. C. Mann, W. M.., Zoological Park, Washington, D. C. Marlatt, C. L., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Martini, E., Institut fiir Schiffs und Tropenkrankenbeiten, Hamburg, Germany. Mason, P. W., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Mason, Shirley L., Box 18117, Houston, Texas. Melander, A. L., The College of the City of New York, Convent Ave. and One Hundred and Thirty-ninth St., New York, N. Y. Menaugh, Chas., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Middleton, Wm., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Moreland, R. W., Talulla, La.* Morgan, H. A., Agricultural Experiment Station, Knoxville, Tenn. Morrill, A. W., 715 Hill St. Bldg., 815 South Hill St., Los Angeles, Calif. Morrison, Harold, U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. Muesebeck, C. F. W., Tarsuta 3, Budapest I, Hungary. Nelson, J. A., R. D. No. 3, Mt. Vernon, Ohio. Osborn, Herbert, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. Owrey, Wm. T., Federal Horticultural Board, Washington, D. C. Paine, J. H., 1221 Connecticut Ave. N. W., Washington, D. C. Parker, J. B., 1217 Lawrence St. N. E., Washington, D. C. Perrine, Norman, Federal Horticultural Board, Washington, D. C. Pettit, R. H., Agricultural College, East Lansing, Michigan. Phillips, E. F., Dept. of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. Pierce, W. D., Victorias Milling Co., Inc., P.O. Box 735, Victorias Occ., Negros, Pet. Popenoe, C. H., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Poos, F. W., Box 881, Norfolk, Va. Porter, B. A., Box 131, Vincennes, Ind. Potts, S. F., Gipsy Moth Laboratory, Melrose Highland, Mass. Quaintance, A. L., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Richardson, Charles H., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Ries, Donald, 401 Thurston Ave., Ithaca, N. Y. Rockwood, L. P., Forest Grove, Oregon. Rohwer, S. A., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. St. George, R. A., East Falls Church, Va. 20 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 1, JAN., 1928 Sanders, P. D., care of State Entomologist, University of Maryland, College Park, Md. ; Sandhouse, Grace, U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. Sanford, H. L., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Sasscer, E. R., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Satterthwaite, A. F., U. S. Ent. Lab., 527 Ivanhoe Place, Webster Groves, Mo. Schaus, Wm., U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. Schwarz, E. A., U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. Scott, L. M., Federal Horticultural Board, Washington, D. C. Selkregg, E. R., 49 South Pearl St., North East, Pa. Shannon, R. C., Division of Insects, U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. Shepard, H. H., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Sherman, John D., Jr., 132 Primrose Ave., Mount Vernon, N. Y. Simanton, F. L., Box 359, Monroe, Mich. Simmons, Perez, Dried Fruit Insect Lab., 712 Elizabeth St., Fresno, Calif. Smith, L. B., Japanese Beetle Lab., Box H, Moorestown, N. J. Smith, Floyd F., Greenhouse Insect Laboratory, Willow Grove, Pa. Smyth, E. G., Room 810 Heymann Bldg., 213 South Broad St., Philadelphia, Ra: Snodgrass, R. E., Box 207, Silver Spring, Md. Snyder, T. E., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Summers, H. E., 712 Edison St., Los Angeles, Calif. Takahashi, Ryoichi, Agricultural Experiment Station, Taihoku, Formosa, Japan. Thompson, W. R., European Parasite Laboratory, Le Mont Fenouillet, Hyeres (var), France. Tillyard, R. J., Cawthorn Institute, Nelson, New Zealand. Timberlake, P. H., Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside, Calif. Titus, E. S. G., 1228 Bryan Ave., Salt Lake City, Utah. Torre Bueno, J. R., de la, 11 North Broadway, White Plains, N. Y. Townsend, C. H. T., Sociedad Nacional Agraria, Apartado 350, Lima, Peru. Urich, F. W., 107 Frederick St., Port of Spain, Trinidad, Br. W. Indies. Vickery, R. A., 205 Beardsley Ave., Stratford, Conn. Wade, J. S., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Walton, W. R., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Webb, J. L., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Webster, R. L., State College of Washington, Pullman, Wash. Weigel, C. A., Federal Horticultural Board, Washington, D. C. Weld, L. H., East Falls Church, Virginia. Wheeler, W. M., Bussey Institution, Forest Hills, Boston, Mass. 5 White, G. F., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. White, W. H., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Wickham, H. F., 911 East Iowa Ave., lowa City, Iowa. Wolcott, G. N., Service Technique, Port au Prince, Haiti. Wood, W. B., Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Yothers, W. W., Box 491, Orlando, Florida. Zeimet, Carlo, Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. *Indicates last known address—Proceedings returned. Actual date of publication, February 18, 1928. VOL. 30 FEBRUARY, 1928 No. 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON CONTENTS BUSCK, AUGUST—JOHN HARTLEY DURRANT, OBITUARY ........ 40 DOZIER, H. L.—TWO UNDESCRIBED APHELINID SCALE PARASITES FROM DELA- WARIS (AIDEIERTINI DADS H YiMENORIERA)|l ue. . val Senet eameinal al yam) FALL, H. C.—A REVIEW OF THE GENUS POLYPHYLLA (SCARABAEIDAE: COLE- OIE Peay sh sing Mets ele cabrio sigs. satee o.oo Sareea a im, ego MCATEE, W. L.— ‘BIOLOGICAL SPECIES” FROM THE STANDPOINT OF THE PNSECTLUAKONO@NMUSH: Myson coke tes coy oy foe a, ay 3, saRCE REE Ron ERS EOS WOLCOTT, GEORGE N.—THE MAY BEETLES OF HAITI (SCARABAEIDAE: COLE- OPIS) Sas a5 ye wena Solas, ses eae ie, MeO R RSG cers Semen a1 ROHWER, S, A.—PREOCCUPIED NAME IN THE HYMENOPTERA ...... 38 PusiisHeD Montury Excepr Jury, AuGust AND SEPTEMBER BY, THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON, D. C. Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D. C., under Act of August 24, 1912. Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized July 3, 1918. THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON OrcanizeD Marcu 12, 1884. The regular meetings of the Society are held in the National Museum on the first Thursday of each month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 p. M. Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00. Members are entitled to the ProceEDINGs and any manuscript submitted by them is given precedence over any submitted by non-members. OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1927. TLGRONGNY MEE SIGCNT «<3 sa) 2 te ee eee E. A: SCHWARZ PHESTA ETI Brace x NG RS, Ben ends 9 eo eC MO J. A. HYSLOP Far stAVACe= President °6. xcs. a. ev the ate noe oe) 4 J. E. GRAF SCCOUA NV ACECETESIGEHI oe reve xe othe, eee Gl ea eee A. C. BAKER: IRCGOTAMIS SCCTELAI-Y «G9 ane) 5. cai tine PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 2, FEB., 1928 29 Antennae with a few coarse hairs, club longer than funiculus in male, about half as long in female. Lateral margins of thorax entire, scatteringly ciliate. Sutural costa well marked medially. Thorax beneath densely and coarsely punctate, scatteringly ciliate on prosternum, almost glabrous on meso- and - metasternum. Median tooth of tarsal claws close to base. In the genitalia of the male, the collar, or theca, is broadest laterally, more than twice as long as broad, constricted above, the superior tooth of the lateral lobes obtuse, the apical tooth large, sharp, heavily-chitinized and extended medially in a sharp declivent ridge; median lobe consisting of a somewhat chitinized, obliquely truncated, cylindrical sheath, surrounding a membranous lobe bearing three pairs of heavily-chitinized, recurved hooks. (Fig. 5.) SS / SS, SY Fig. 5. No freshly collected females available for examination of genital plates. Described from an abundance of males and a few females collected at light at Port-au-Prince, Haiti, March 17 to May 5, and only males September 21 to 31, 1927 (Haiti Acc. Nos. 266-25 and 10-26). Type a male, with accompanying female, in National Museum, other pairs in American Museum of Natural History and in the British Museum. Type and allotype-—Cat. No. 40663 U. S. N. M. (also Haiti Acc. No. 10-26, collected September, 1927). BIBLIOGRAPHY. 1. Cuevrotrar, L. A. Aveusre, Coléoptéres de Tle de Cuba. J» Annales de la Sociéte Entomologique de France, Tome cinquiéme, quartiém série. Paris, 1865. 2. Lenc, Cuartes W. and Murcuter, Anprew J., A Preliminary List of the Coleoptera of the West Indies as Recorded to January 1, 1914. Bull. Amer. Museum Nat. History, Vol. 33, Art. 30, pp. 391-493. New York, August 26, 1914. 3. Smytu, E. G., The White-Grubs Injuring Sugar Cane in Porto Rico; Life- Cycles of the May-Beetles or Melolonthids. Jour. Dept. Agr. Porto Rico, Vol. 1, Nos. 2 and 3, pp. 47-92 and 141-169, illus. San Juan, 1917. 30 PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 2, FEB., 1928 A REVIEW OF THE GENUS POLYPHYLLA (SCARABAEIDAE: COLEOPTERA). By H. C. Fai, Tyngsboro, Massachusetts. The Henshaw List, including supplements (1885-1895), following Horn’s paper of 1881, credits the fauna of the United States with seven species of this genus. The Leng List, follow- ing Casey’s Review of 1914, enumerates 32 species and 14 subspecies. The wide difference between the seven names considered sufficient by Drs. LeConte and Horn, and the forty-six deemed necessary to properly tag the “taxonomic units” of the Casey collection is not due, of course, in any large degree to the more thorough exploration of our territory in the intervening years, but is chiefly the result of a radically different conception as to what constitute specific characters. Casey’s 1914 paper is in all respects typical of his work of recent years. The descriptions are run in tabular form, a method used by him almost exclusively during the past twenty years or more, and one which after the first few broader sub- divisions, becomes discouragingly difficult to use. In his Polyphylla paper, as is usual elsewhere with this author, more than half of the new names are based on uniques, and the assumed specific characters are frequently so trivial as to make it highly probable that they are either merely individual or at most racial in nature. As indicated above, fourteen of the new names proposed by Casey are acknowledged by him to be subspecific, but this concession to what he calls “the present state of opinion in regard to the meaning of the word species” evidently goes against the grain, for he immediately expresses the belief that a study of the “complex genitalia” of these forms would prove many of them entitled to specific standing. In this connection one is tempted to wonder why the author, instead of presuming the existence of such sexual differences, did not make a few dissections and test out his theory. This, however, so far as I know, is a kind of investigation which Casey never attempted. Had he done so in this instance he would have found the male genitalia to be of quite simple type, and, with few exceptions, almost as similar throughout as the traditional peas in a pod. This fact I have established by dissections in my own collection, and more recently Mr. Bu- chanan, at the National Museum, called my attention to a note in the Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., Vol. 27, p. 2485 in) whiche ving Mutchler reports that after making some fifty dissections in the genus, ‘‘the result was not favorable to the retention of many names.” As a matter of fact, the form of the male copulatory sheath in the /0-/ineata and crinita groups, which comprise the greater number of the forms described as new by PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 2, FEB., 1928 i) Casey, are so closely similar as to be scarcely distinguishable except for a little more evident sub-apical sinuation of the sides and a slightly broader apex in the latter. In cavifrons, the form varies but little from that in crinita, while in hammondi and variolosa it becomes progressively a little wider. In occ7- dentalis the departure is most marked, the organ becoming notably broad and stout. Of gracilis I am unable to speak, having but a single male, which is in too fragile a condition to permit dissection. In May of the present year (1927) I took to Washington, among other things, a series of Polyphylla for comparison with the types in the Casey collection. My investigation convinced me that a large proportion of the names which he proposed are based on characters of such trifling nature or so poorly substantiated as to be valueless and therefore quite superfluous. A small number of Casey’s species are fairly certain to prove distinct; a few others may in time with the accession of more material be granted subspecific standing. My conclusions after going over the Casey material in connec- tion with my own are as follows: None of the so-called species or subspecies created at the expense of hammondi are valid: the small differences in vestiture, the terminal palpal joint, etc., are in no sense specific in nature. The foregoing remark applies also to P. oklahomensis, recently unwisely described from a unique female by Mr. Hatch The description contains absolutely nothing on which to base a reasonable hope of specific standing, and as the specimen was taken at a point intermediate between the type localities of hammondi and subvittata the chances are extremely slim that it differs in any essential from one of these, which are indeed only slight modifications (in vestiture) of a single species. ' P. diffracta Csy. is a good species. Adusta Csy. and fuscula Fall are synonyms of this. The error in the case of fuscula was due to an entirely different species in my collection, having been erroneously determined as diffracta by a high authority many years ago. P. opposita Csy. 1 am uncertain as to the status of this species and am therefore letting it stand as placed by Casey. The small size, small antennal club, and broken elytral vittae suggest relationship with diffracta. It is represented by a single specimen said to be from Oregon, but Casey doubts the correctness of the locality. P. crinita Lec. Under this species must be included, I think, the following names of Casey: migra, mystica, modulata, in- columis, relicta, robustula. None of these seem to me to be worthy of retention, even in a subspecific sense. Jncolumis 1Oklahoma Acad. of Science VI (1926), p. 145. 32 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 2, FEB., 1928 is characterized by Casey chiefly on its shorter antennal club and smaller size, and modulata by the broader scales of the intervals between the elytral vittae, all of which characters are known to be unstable within specific limits. The length of the antennal club as a specific character is likely to prove unsatisfactory except, of course, where the disparity is very marked. Unfortunately the author nowhere indicates how his measurements have been made, whether along the curve of the lamellae, or in a straight line from base to tip. Again his statements are sometimes so vague as to be nearly value- less; for example, in the case of crinita he says the club is “large, nearly as in modulata and /0-lineata.’ Turning to the description of modulata, the club is said to be “more than twice as long as the stem,” but in /0-/ineata it is described as three to four times as long as the stem. P. rugosipennis Csy. This species, which occurs throughout the mountainous parts of Southern California and northern and western Arizona, differs from crinita by its average smaller size, shorter (though variable) antennal club, shorter and less numerous erect hairs of the prothorax, and slightly but prob- ably definitely different form of the copulatory sheath, which is here a little more sinuate on the sides with the apex slightly dilated, scarcely sinuate or dilated in crinita or /0-lineata. Casey, in his table, places this species with those in which “the pronotum is without erect hairs except in some instances a few medially toward the apex.” This is not true, all specimens in good condition showing the erect hairs more or less widely dispersed over the disk, and these are in fact detectable in Casey’s unique type, which, however, is not in the best of condition. I refer here without much hesitation the species laevicauda of Casey which was foolishly described from a poor, dilapidated unique, without antennae or tarsi, and with no character to go on except the almost bare pygidium, which considering the condition of the specimen is probably denuded. P. sobrina Csy. This is closely allied to the preceding species, but judging from the unique type and from six exam- ples in my own collection it seems to ‘differ constantly by its ferruginous brown color. The pronotum is virtually devoid of erect hairs except near the front margin, and the male genital organ has the lateral sinuation and apical dilatation a little more pronounced and is considerably less deeply divided medi- ally than in rugosipennis. The type is from El Dorado County, California. My specimens bear labels El Dorado Co., Tahama Co., and Yosemite in California, and one example from Nevada, doubtless from the western part of the State. P. arguta Csy. This is the first of the restricted /0-lineata group, which latter is characterized by the entire lack of erect hairs on the pronotal disk, the long or relatively long antennal PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 2, FEB., 1928 33 club and the generally even and clear cut elytral vittae. In the present form the elytral vittae are less perfect than in those which follow, and in this respect it forms a transition from rugosipennis and sobrina to the more typical forms of the L0-lineata group. The body in arguta is unusually narrow and cylindric, and the pygidium is clothed throughout with nearly uniform white appressed scales without intermixture of fine hairs. The male intromittent organ is indistinguishable from that in /0-lineata if two males in my collection from Bakers- field, California, are the same as the unique Provo, Utah, type, which they appear to be, and it may well be doubted if arguta merits anything higher than subspecific standing. In his description Casey says that in addition to the two normal apical teeth, the anterior tibia has on its outer edge a very short and acute vestigial tooth just beyond the middle of the length. Oddly enough one of my two males shows just such a vestigial tooth on the front tibiae, but in the other there is no trace of it. The presence in the male of this structure, which is normal in the female, must, I think, be fortuitous. P. 10-lineata Say. his species, with small variations, is very widely distributed from the plains adjacent to the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Coast. I have been quite unable to discover any characters that seemed to me specific in nature, and the genitalic structure so far as investigated is identical throughout. The Pacific Coast specimens are of average larger size, and if one wants to consider this as of subspecific import, the coast forms may be given subspecific standing under the oldest name—pacifica. My own inclination, however, is to merge all the following names of Casey under /0-lineata: parilis, laticauda, reducta, pacifica, squamotecta, ruficollis, castanea, oregona, perversa. P. matrona Csy. This was described from a single female from Oak Creek Canon, Arizona. Three examples in my own collection (2 4, 1 ¢) from the Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona, are, | think, the same thing. Their chief peculiarity consists in the entire lack of fine erect hairs on the head, these being always present in /0-/ineata, and for this reason I am tenta- tively holding the species to be distinct. The genitalia are not appreciably different from /0-/ineata. Of the Atlantic Coast species, variolosa, occidentalis and gracilis are so distinct and well known as to need no discussion. P. comes Csy. 1s closely related to variolosa, differing only in its slightly stouter form and longer antennal club. Their genitalia are practically alike. Comes represents variolosa in the moun- tainous regions of North Carolina, Kentucky, and Tennessee; it perhaps should rank as no more than a subspecies of variolosa. In accordance with the foregoing notes I would arrange our species as follows: 34 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 2, FEB., 1928 1. P. cavifrons Lec. 7. P. crinita Lec. 2. P. hammondi Lec. nigra Csy. squamicauda Csy. mystica Csy. molesta Csy. : modulata Csy. verecunda Csy. incolumis Csy. oblita Csy. relicta Csy. impigra Csy. robustula Csy. subvittata Lec. 8. P. arguta Csy. bisinuata Csy. 9. P. speciosa Csy. sejuncta Csy. acomana Csy. proba Csy. latifrons Csy. diffusa Csy. 10. P. /0-lineata Say. pimalis Csy. parilis Csy. oklahomensis Hatch. laticauda Csy. 3. P. diffracta Csy. reducta Csy. fuscula Fall. pacifica Csy. adusta Csy. squamotecta Csy. 4. P. opposita Csy. rupficollis Csy. 5. P. rugosipennis Csy. castanea Csy. laevicauda Csy. oregona Csy. 6. P. sobrina Csy. perversa Csy. ‘ : 11. P. matrona Csy. 12. P. occidentalis LL. 13. P. variolosa Hentz. 14. P. comes Csy. 15. P. gracilis Horn. Key to the Species of Polyphylla. i) Anterior tibiae tridentate in (both) sexes... ee ee 2 Anterior tibiae bidentate in the male (tridentate in type of arguta), tri- dentate in the female (bidentate in occidentalis). 3 Anterior tibiae unidentate in the male, bidentate in the female; size small, elytra not distinctly vittate (Florida)... gracilis 2. Antennal club but little longer than the head, prothorax relatively finely andidensely punctate: 2224 eee cavifrons Antennal club much longer than the head, prothorax sparsely and more coarsely: punctate. ee eee hammondi 3. Prothorax with more or less numerous erect hairs on the disk... 4 Prothorax without erect hairs on) the diske =) ee 7 4. Antennal club of male small, not or but slightly longer than the head; elytral vittae very poorly defined or even subobsolete..... 5 Antennal club generally much larger, though rather short in some exam- plesoftrugosipennis. 0.235 cio he ae ee 6 5. Elytral: vestiture nearly, punicolorouss2 25. ee eee ees diffracta Elytral vestiture bicolored, the scales of the vittae white, those of the intervals; pale yellow...2:2 22. .-.aot cs BSS ee op posita . Elytral vittae less perfect, their edges generally uneven and sometimes PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 2, FEB., 1928 35 quite ragged or even disintegrated; copulatory organ of the male sinuate on the sides before the slightly widened apex. Black, thorax often more or less rufous, penis cleft for half its length... Boer ee oe Ee ee se Ey gel ena ge amy eee eae dE rugosipennis Brownish ferruginous, penis cleft for distinctly less than half its Tei git ieee rman eee ee, Me 1 ol Bea ee OE Oe ah Canes sobrina Elytral vittae even and regular, nearly as in /0-lineata; copulatory organ of male tapering gradually from base to apex. crinita 7. Form more narrow and cylindrical, elytral vittae somewhat uneven.__arguta Form broader and less cylindrical, elytral vittae regular and clean cut (@xC ep 7201 0S a) eR ces era NES RT oe i eg Se Sse Pe 8 8. Head with fine erect hairs in addition to the scaly vestiture sie ee ede 9 Faeadecdevordnotserectaltaircs i. 1 fe ae ee nee ee ee Se eu ey) 10 9. The short line of white scales behind the humeral umbo disconnectedly continued posteriorly; scales of pygidium broader, the erect hairs longer; size very large, color typically brownish castaneous, penis divided for less than half its length, the sides subparallel apically___speciosa The short line of white scales behind the humeral umbo not discon- nectedly prolonged backward; pygidium with narrower lanceolate scales and shorter erect hairs; penis gradually narrowed from base to apex eliayel’ Gliniavaleel tiGie Ine iy Weave ee 10-lineata 10. Clypeal margin bisinuate, thoracic vestiture squamiform, elytra with repulax "sharply: dened. white, vittae=..--. = ee ees matrona Clypeal margin arcuate, the lateral angles rounded; thoracic vestiture Jetted eit eat Ale ee eae Mi) Sere A ie ee All ieeblytrar withe white: vittae<. 202. cc 2 ee Ne see Nee occidentalis Elytra with irregular blotches of whitish squamiform hairs, which some- times show a partially linear arrangement. Form narrower, antennal club of male not much longer than the Wea Pan Ree cet ec eer ciel Se gee ee ee vartiolosa Form broader, antennal club of male longer. ee eed ene ees comes TWO. UNDESCRIBED APHELINID SCALE PARASITES FROM DELAWARE (APHELINIDAE: HYMENOPTERA). By H. L. Dozier, Entomologist, Delaware Agricultural Experiment Station. As almost all of the coccid parasites are of more or less eco- nomic importance it is interesting to record the following two undescribed species. One of these is a primary parasite of a scale which is very injurious at times and the other represents an Azotus, a genus which is here reported for the first time from the New World, and whose members appear to be more tropical in distribution having been described from France, Spain, Africa and Australia. 36 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 2, FEB., 1928 Azotus americanus, new species. Nearest to marchali and semifuscipennis both of which have the forewings with infuscation from base to stigmal vein but differing distinctly in coloration of antennae and other details. Male.—General color brownish-black. Antennae brownish, the basal half of funicle joints one and two and the entire fourth joint whitish. Legs brown except the knees and distal ends of tibiae which are whitish. Forewings hyaline, the basal half uniformly infuscated except-just before the base. Head as wide as thorax, eyes prominent. Antennae filiform, seven-jointed, there being no division of the club into two segments; scape long and rather slender, pedicel short, first and second funicle joints sub-equal in width and length and very slightly longer than the fourth; third funicle joint extremely short, about as broad as long; club composed of a single joint which is about twice as long as the last funicle joint. Marginal cilia of forewings rather long, distinctly longest along the outer, lower margin. Body and appendages appear distinctly reticulated under high power of microscope. All tarsi five-jointed. Length .50 mm.; expanse, exclusive of cilia, 1.22 mm.; greatest width of forewings 0.18 mm. AZOTUS AMERICANUS. Fig. 1.—Antenna and forewing of male Azotus americanus Dozier, greatly enlarged. Described from two males mounted separately on slides in balsam, reared by the writer from branches of Sorbaria stellipi/a, heavily infested with the San Jose scale, ¢spidiotus perniciosus at Newark, Delaware, March 26, 1927. On these branches were also a few specimens of Lepidosaphes ulmi and Lecanium cornt although most probably this parasite issued from the San Jose scale material. The last named scale produced large numbers of its primary parasite, Prospaltella perniciost Tower, and it is possible that the 4zofws may prove to be secondary upon this beneficial parasite. Type No. 40785, United States National Museum. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 2, FEB., 1928 3. Prospaltella forbesi, new species. Belongs to the group of Prospal/tella in which the last segment of the antennal club is decidedly pointed, including murtfeldtiz, maculata, fasctativentris and fuscipennis. Nearest to fusci- pennis Girault but differing at once by its lack of the prominent general silvery-white color of the latter and the different infus- cation of the wings. Female.—General color light brown, the whole abdomen dusky, the basal margins of its segments slightly lighter. Antennae a uniform light brown with exception of the extreme tip of last club segment which is slightly lighter. Forewings hyaline, with a broad cloud-like infuscation across the middle; this infuscation deepest just beneath the stigmal vein. Legs not as distinctly banded as in murtfeldtii, brown with basal and distal tips of tibiae pale. Head wider than thorax, the latter distinctly and polygonally reticulated; mesonotum with a row of six setae running longitudinally each side of a light median longitudinal stripe, the apical pair more prominent than the others; there are three of these minute setae arranged along the upper portion and a larger seta placed farther down and near the outer margin on each side; scu- tellum with a prominent seta near the basal margin and another near the distal each side of the median longitudinal indication. Antennal scape longer than pedicel and first two funicle joints combined; pedicel wider and longer than first funicle joint; funicle joints increase gradually in length and width, the club tapering to a point; first club joint distinctly the largest and almost as long as the second, the apical joint the longest and tapered to a point. Fore- wings broad, well and uniformly covered with fine cilia except on extreme basal portion, the fringe rather short. Legs longitudinally reticulated. Ovi- positor not protruding beyond tip of abdomen. Length 1.18 mm.; expanse, exclusive of cilia, 1.75 mm.; greatest width of forewings 0.30 mm. Male unknown. PROSPALTELLA FORBESI. Fig. 2.—Antenna and forewing of female Prospalella forbesi Dozier, greatly enlarged. 38 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 2, FEB., 1928 Described from a single female mounted in balsam on slide, reared by the writer from the cherry scale, 4spidiotus forbesi, ! y : : on bark of apple tree trunk at Camden, Delaware, April 24, 1926: Type retained in author’s collection. PREOCCUPIED NAME IN HYMENOPTERA. By S. A. Rouwer, U. 8. Bureau of Entomology. Dr. Bradley has just called my attention to the fact that the name propodealis which I assigned to a species from the Philippines had previously been used by Saunders for a species which he described from Algeria in 1901. The following new name is proposed: Seolia (Scolia) luzonica, n. n. Scolia (Scolia) propodealis Rohwer, 1921, Phil. Journ. Sci., vol. 19, p. 83; not Scolia (Discolia) propodealis Saunders, 1901, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, Da500% “BIOLOGICAL SPECIES” FROM THE STANDPOINT OF THE INSECT TAXONOMIST. By W. L. McATEeEE. “Biological species” are defined as segregates that can be recognized only from knowledge of their life-history. The concept may be necessary in bacteriology where strains similar in appearance may be most certainly identified by their re- actions to cultural processes, but even here, be it noted, the so differing forms are called strains, not species. If for the sake of argument we admit that biological species may exist among insects, we would still assert that the gestion that they should be recognized in insect taxonomy this date very premature. If ever necessitated, such a move’ ment should be one of the last refinements of taxonomy, and * the study of a phylum like insects where the unknown so far exceeds the known, and where in almost everv group we find a wealth of structural characters which as yet have been only comparatively little studied, the introduction of a concept, so recondite, as that of biological species, seems altogether un- timely and inadvisable. The greatest advance ever made in the classification of “tt, | PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 2, FEB., 1928 39 animals was the replacing of the older natural historic or more arbitrary groupings by others based on structural relation- ships. It was then that the day when the whales were classed with the fishes passed into its twilight. The proposal to recognize ‘ ‘biological species”” among insects, which in other words means giving great weight to habits, in a way is a return to the whalefish era of nomenclature. The systematic entomologist must deal with material the bulk of which represents forms of unknown life history. He handles it with no thought as to details of biology, and should continue to so handle all that comes to him, by a uniform method of patient investigation of structure, comparison, and evalua- tion of the characters, and building from them an acceptable classification. If biological considerations were given much weight, we should be in doubt as to the status of all species having a variety of food plants, of all parasites with more than one host, of all species having more than one brood annually and therefore possible seasonal forms, and finally of all those of unknown life-history, that is to say, of the majority. The con- cept of biological species would raise the question as to whether there can be more than one species of parasite of a given group upon the same host, ot more than one species of plant louse, or other phy tophagous segregate upon a single plant species. Contrast these doubts with the confidence we have attained respecting species resting upon a structural basis. The San Jose scale, for example, lives upon many scores of food plants of the utmost diversity, it is not a different species on each; the bedbug is frequently an abundant inhabitant of poultry houses, it is the hemipteron most often received for determination from zoological gardens, and it will bite men of every creed and color, but it is a single species nevertheless; the housefly per- vades almost all lands, but it remains the housefly. We are confident of these things because we rely upon the verifiable identities of structure and attach little importance to the shifting phases of biological detail. The so-called “Biological species” may be the beginnings of tructurally differentiated species, but until they actually enter vis latter category they should not be taxonomically recog- -ed. Knowledge of the biology of insects may in a small proportion of cases be a corrective to, or corroborative for, entomological classification, but for ages, if not for ever, it will be too scant and uncertain for practical every-day use. Clas- sification must go on without it in most cases and can in all. In the house of insect taxonomy it must be the servant not the master. 40 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 2, FEB., 1928 JOHN HARTLEY DURRANT 1863-1928 Through the death at his home in Putney, near London, January 19th, of John Hartley Durrant, the Entomological world has lost a diligent and distinguished worker and his as- sociates a genial and helpful friend. Durrant’s most active scientific period was from 1886 to 1914, during his association with the late Lord Walsingham at Mer- ton Hall near Norfolk, England. As Lord Walsingham freely asserted, Durrant did the major part of the work on the many pretentious publications, bearing Lord Walsingham’s name, such as the large volumes on the Microlepidoptera of the Hawaiian Islands and the excellent volume 4 of the Biologia Centrali Americana. His exceptional knowledge of the ento- mological literature made him especially authoritative on questions of nomenclature and he was Secretary of the British National Committee on Entomological Nomenclature from 1913 to 1924. Durrant was a most painstaking and industrious student and he was liberal in helping others with his fund of information, even at very considerable sacrifice of labor and time. In the files of the U. S. Bureau of Entomology are numerous letters, many of them from 20 to 40 pages, filled with concise notes on hundreds of specimens submitted to him and Lord Walsing- ham for identification by American workers. When the extensive Walsingham collection was transferred to the British Museum, Durrant followed it as Curator and continued his labors there until his death. During the war he engaged in Red Cross work and his ar- duous labors there together with the untimely death of his young, only daughter, at this time apparently undermined his health and hastened his death. His scientific work remains a permanent influence in Ento- mology and we cherish the memory of a genial and ever help- ful friend. A. B. CoRRECTION. Volume 30, No. 1, Jan., 1928, page 14 (under plate 2, Fig. 6) “ventral” should be changed to “lateral.” Actual date of publication, March 24, 1928. VOL. 30 MARCH, 1928 No. 3 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON CONTENTS ALDRICH, J. M.—SYNONYMIC NOTES ON DIPTERA ...... BARBER, H. G.—THE GENUS EREMOCORIS IN THE EASTERN UNITED WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF A NEW SPECIES AND A NEW VARIETY (H TER ERAR TVGARIDAT)| (4,).ciapts is cig caeee La, c, Se eta es News o's MCATEE, W. L.—A NEW BICOLORED SPECIES OF MEGARIS (HEMIPTERA, HPINGTOMMDAE)) |) Lotruce | tthe: abun ats, Sime or eeennane Reems. cles eee 46 SCHAUS, W.—NEW SPECIES OF LEPIDOPTERA IN THE UNITED STATES NA- LEONA eMUSEUMerk« kare sity curelill Varo are teuhte ca Coad a) Losers 46 PusiisHED Montuiy Except Jury, Aucust A BY THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON, D. C. Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D. C., under Act of August 24, 1912. Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized July 3, 1918. THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON OrcanizeD Marcu 12, 1884. The regular meetings of the Society are held in the National Museum on the first Thursday of each month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 p. M. Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00. Members are entitled to the ProceEDINGSs and any manuscript submitted by them is given precedence over any submitted by non-members. OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1927. Honorary President. an; 342 ue e. = eee eee E. A. SCHWARZ resident. stad: iy very nee ng? ek aero ete em Ja AS -ELYSEOR Finpstalce- President 7... (ss fae =, a cee eee J. E. GRAF Secondytce=President oe. se ON ils aa) Mee Pee ee A. C. BAKER RECOTAULYSCCTEATY:. 25, shia, 2 ge hs Oe J. S. WADE Gores pondin ce Secrciany eas Ciara a ti ane S. A. ROHWER U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. VE AUOR Re ie. oak aes a Rise NR roll ou, A Reema eas W. R. WALTON Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Executive Committee: THE Orricers and C. T. Greene, A. N. CaupDe tt, T. E. Snyper. Representing the Society as a Vice-President of the Washington Academy of SCHENCES. 9s, ay Epic h eee Rtas Were, «eee a ge A. G. BOVING PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON. Published monthly, except July, August and September, by the Society at Washington, D. C. Terms of subscription: Domestic, $4.00 per annum; foreign, $4.25 per annum; recent single numbers, 50 cents, foreign postage extra. All subscriptions are payable in advance. Remittances should be made payable to the Entomological Society of Washington. An author of a leading article in the ProcerpinGs will be given 10 copies of the number in which his article appears. Reprints without covers will be fur- nished at the following rates, provided a statement of the number desired accompanies the manuscript: 4 pp. 8 pp. 12 pp. 16 pp. 50 copies 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 100 copies Des) 4.50 6.75 9.00 Certain charges are made for illustrations and there are available rules and suggestions governing the make-up of articles. Immediate publication in any number may be obtained at the author’s expense. All manuscripts should be sent to the Editor. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SocIETY OF WASHINGTON VOL. 20 MARCH, 1928 No. 3 SYNONYMIC NOTES ON DIPTERA. By J. M. Atpricu. The following notes have accumulated in the course of work on the National Museum collection of Diptera. Some have been in manuscript several years and the revised nomenclature has been used in identification for others; hence it seems im- portant that the explanation should be published. Genus ANACHAETOPSIS Brauer and Bergenstamm. Anachaetopsis Brauer and Bergenstamm, Zweifl. Kais. Mus., part 4, 1889, p. 106; part 6, 1893, p. 148.—Brauer, Verhandl. Zool.-Bot. Ges., 1893, p. 490.—Baer, Die Tachinen, 1921, pp. 82, 146.—Aldrich, Ent. News, 34, 1923, p. 53.—Stein, Archiv. f. Naturgesch., 90, Heft 6, 1924, p. 123.— Lundbeck, Dipt. Danica, 7, 1927, p. 366. Tortriciophaga Townsend, Proc. U. S. N. M., 49, 1916, p. 625. The type of the genus is Tachina ocypterina Zetterstedt of Europe, the only species originally included; that of Tortricio- phaga is Pseudomyothyria tortricis Coquillett, originally desig- nated. Anachaetopsis tortricis Coquillett. + Pseudomyothyria tortricis Coquillett, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 3, 1895, p. 55. Hypostena tortricis Coquillett, Revis. Tachin., 1897, p. 60. Tachinophyto tortricis Brehme, Ent. News, 26, 1915, p. 473.—Greene, Proc. WES a Ney MoO arts lOMo22. ps iil. Anachaetopsis vagans Aldrich, Ent. News, 34, 1923, p. 54. Hypostena columbia Curran, Canad. Ent., 57, 1925, p. 154. I am indebted to Mr. Curran for pointing out to me the synonomy of my vagans, and also of his own columbia. The single type specimen of fortricis was from Southern California, bred from a supposed tortricid larva on Solanum. It has since proved to be a widespread form, and has been reared many times from larvae of Microlepidoptera. Genus BLAESOCHAETOPHORA Czerny. Blaesochaetophora Czerny, Wien. Ent. Zeit., 23, 1904, p. 206; Konowia, 6, 1927, 44, syn. Camaterus Aldrich, Ins. Ins. Menst., 14, 1926, p. 97. 42 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 3, MAR., 1928 There is only one known species, which is the genotype of both genera. The type of Bigot was from Patagonia, mine from Chile. : Blaesochaetophora picticornis Bigot. Leria picticornis Bigot, Miss. Scient. Cap Horn, 6, 1888, dv. 35. Blaesochaetophora picticornis Czerny, Wien. Ent. Zeit., 23, 1904, 206. Camaterus cichaeta Aldrich, Ins. Ins. Menst., 14, 1926, 98. Genus ARRHINOMYIA Brauer and Bergenstamm. Arrhinomyia Brauer and Bergenstamm, Zweifl. Kais. Mus., part 4, 1889, p. 105; part 6, 1893, pp. 151, 152.—Baer, Die Tachinen, 1921, p. 152.—Stein, Archiv. f. Naturgesch., 90, 1924, p. 144.—Lundbeck, Dipt. Dan., part 7, 1927, p. 364. Type Tachina separata Meigen (equals Tachina luctuosa Meigen), the sole original species. Methypostena Townsend, Tax. Muscoid Flies, 1908, 67. Type designated, Hypostena barbata Coquillett (equals /uctuosa Meigen). Torynotachina Townsend, Ins. Ins. Menst., 3, 1915, p. 102. Type designated, quinteri new species. Odontosoma Townsend, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 49, 1916, p. 633. Type desig- nated, Celatoria spinosa Coquillett (equals /uctuosa Meigen). In the preceding bibliography, Stein and Lundbeck do not include the type species /uctuosa (or separata), and consequently there is doubt as to the correctness of their definition. Arrhinomyia luctuosa Meigen. Tachina luctuosa Meigen, Syst. Beschr., 4, 1824, p. 186. Tachina separata Meigen, Syst. Beschr., 4, 1824, p. 406. Hypostena medorina Schiner, Fauna Austr., 1, 1862, p. 538. Arrhimomyia separata Brauer and Bergenstamm, Zweifl. Kais. Mus., part 4, 1889, p. 105; part 6, 1893, p. 152.—Baer, Die Tachinen, 1921, p. 152. Hypostena barbata Coquillett, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 3, 1895, p. 57; Revision Tachin., 1897, p. 62. Celatoria spinosa Coquillett, Revis. Tachin., 1897, p. 60.—Essig, Ins. West. INE Acy 1926, p- 529: Arrhinomyia barbata Cole, Ent. News, 34, 1923, p. 206. Hy postena oelleti Curran, Canad. Ent., 57, 1925, p. 150. The European synonomy is by Professor Bezzi, partly pub- lished in vol. 3 of the Palaearctic Catalogue; he afterward be- came convinced that /uctuosa is the prior name for separata, and sent me specimens so labeled, besides mentioning the synonomy in a letter. He provided the National Museum with both sexes of /uctuosa, from which I decided that our species is the same. When Coquillett described éarbata in 1895 he made some mistakes which he tried to correct in 1897. According to the PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 3, MAR., 1928 43 correction, the first paragraph of 1895 refers to two females, which he says really belong to Hypostena vanderwulpi. 1 read- ily found these specimens under vanderwu/pi in the collection labeled “‘Los Angeles Co., Cal.”’ They are really males with large orbital bristles, but they do belong to vanderwulpi. His second paragraph of 1895, to which he restricts the name barbata in 1897, he says are males, not females as indicated in 1895; these are from New Hampshire, and one is still in the National Museum collection. This is the type of barbata from the White Mountains. In his 1897 correction, he says the true female of darbata is what he described in 1895 (p. 58) as Hypostena pusilla, from Illinois and Southern California. The only one of the three original types now standing under the name pusilla is the one from Algonquin, Illinois. It does not belong to barbata, and Townsend has made it the genotype of the new genus Opsomeigenia (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 56, 1919, p. 577). The specimens from Southern California have been lost to view, possibly placed under another species. I will not attempt at present to discuss this species further. Coquillett made one more mistake, as he failed to note the minute orbital bristles in the male of his darbata, and described the same species again, this time with the correct female, as Celatoria spinosa. The type material was a male and three females from White Mountains, New Hampshire, and a male from Los Angeles Co., California. All of these are in the National Museum now. To bring the comedy of errors to a climax, Townsend made a new genus for darbata and another for spinosa, as well as a third for a closely related species. The male of /uctuosa is a small, slender black fly, recogniz- able by the unique orbital bristles, which are hairlike and incon- spicuous, and stand almost in the row. with the frontals, from which they are distinguished mainly by being proclinate. The female is less elongate, and is easily distinguished by the ovi- positor, which has the form of a flat, transverse scraper or hoe-like organ, usually rather prominent, and always visible enough to identify the species when it has once been recognized. Another female character is the presence of stubby spines on the ends of the second and third abdominal tergites where they come almost together on the venter; but the tips of the ter- gites turn in when the abdomen is collapsed after the deposi- tion of the eggs, so in many specimens they can not be seen. The National Museum has, besides the type specimens al- ready cited, 15 specimens of both sexes from Mt. Holyoke Gap, Mass. (Townsend); one male Cranbrook, British Columbia (Garrett); one Woburn, Mass. (Townsend); one female Melrose Highlands, Mass. (Townsend); one male each from Summit Station, Mont., Mt. Moscow, Idaho, and Fairbanks, Alaska 44 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 3, MAR., 1928 (Aldrich); one male, Riverhead, New York (Huckett); one male, Battle Creek, Michigan (Aldrich); seven specimens of both sexes from the vicinity of Washington, D. C. (McAtee, Shan- non, Townsend); one female from Georgia; one female, Palm Springs, California; one female, Mt. Holly, Pennsylvania; two females and a male from Hell Canyon, New Mexico (Townsend). Three males and a female from Federal District, Mexico may be a distinct species. 8 it Arrhinomyia quinteri Townsend appears to be distinct, a _ somewhat larger species; except for the straightness of the last section of the fourth vein, the characters given by Town- send to distinguish his genus and species occur in /uctuosa as well as guinteri.. | have had great difficulty in deciding whether quinteri is a valid species, but the second abdominal tergite has no stubby spines at the ends of the venter, so the species should stand at least until more material has been studied. Genus EUPOGONA Rondani. Eipogona Rondani, Atti Soc. Ent. Ital., II, 1868, p. 588. Type, Masicera setifacies Rondani, sole species.—Curran, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 22) 1927, p. 148. Eupogona Brauer and Bergenstamm, Zweifl. Kais. Mus., part 4, 1889, p. 88; part 6, 1893..p. 112—Bezzi, Palaearct, Kat., vol..3.p. 26: Eupogona obscura Coquillett. Winthemia obscura Coquillett, Revis. Tachin., 1897, p. 124. Blepharipeza pollinosa Reinhard, Annals Ent. Soc. Amer., 14, 1921 (1922), p. SHS jolly Psy WINER 7 ito Eipogona americana Curran, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 22, 1927, p. 148. The synonomy is from Coquillett’s type, compared with a paratype from Reinhard and one from Curran. Curran’s ma- terial was reared from Papilio asterias at Sioux City, Iowa. A male in the National Museum was reared from Papilio polyxenes at Nantucket, Massachusetts, by R. T. Webber. The Euro- pean genotype setifaces was also reared from a Papilio; a speci- men of this fly is in the National Museum, which shows that Mr. Curran was correct in placing dur species in the genus. I follow the emended spelling, as the original seems an obvious misprint. Genus PLECTOPS Coquillett. Plectops Coquillett, Revis. Tachin., 1897, p. 57. Type and sole species, me/is- sopodis, new. ; Goliathocera Townsend, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 28, 1915, p.21. No description, type designated, Clausicella antennalis Coquillett (equals Lophosia setigera Thomson). Lophosiocera Townsend, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 49, 1916, p. 623. Type desig- nated, curriei, new. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 3, MAR., 1928 45 Phylacteropoda Townsend, ibidem, type designated, Clausicella tarsalis Coquil- lett. Besides the genotypes mentioned, Plectops contains pruinosa Malloch (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 29, 1927, p. 91). I also refer here Hypostena aenea Coquillett (Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 3, 1895, p. 57; Revis. Tachin., 1897, p. 62). In the single female type, the penultimate joint of the arista is really elongated, but its junction with the last joint is so smooth as to be imperceptible except under a high power. The Museum contains a second specimen from Koehler, New Mexico, collected by W. R. Walton. Genera allied to GYMNOCHAETA. In my paper on the metallic green genera allied to Gymno- chaeta (Ins. Ins. Menst., 14, 1926, pp. 51-58), there is an error in the key, as the item about the large pteropleural bristle is in the wrong couplet. Lundbeck has noted this in his Dipt. Danica; part 7, 1927, p. 415. On reexamining the material it appeared that a different grouping of the characters would be better, hence I offer the following improved key, adding the genus Eucomus Aldrich (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 69, art. 22, 1926, p. 22; type strictus, new, from China). Key to Metallic Green Genera allied to Gymnochaeta. ipebaratactals with long pile jos) oe Eucomus Aldrich arrahactalsibatems ssc ye ein shoes Uae, sia Ae) ek oe Sa eo raed Bak weet 2 2. Third and fourth sternites with heavy, blunt spines; pteropleural large; posterior dorsocentrals four, sternopleurals two; front prominent, nearly parallel with lower edge of head (type fuscipennis, new, equals Gymno- Chaclauimmst Mothill) ease ee ae eee Scologaster Aldrich Abdominal sternites without blunt spines. 2) == es se 3 3. Posterior dorsocentrals four; bend of fourth vein with long appendage; back of head shining, somewhat bulging, with several rows of black hairs and only a small ruff of pale ones... Gymnochaeta Robineau Desvoidy Posterior dorsocentrals three; back of head pollinose, more flattened, with not more than one row of black hairs behind the orbital cilia above, the ruff of pale hairs more dense and conspicuous; fourth vein without ap- PENGARE OLvat mMOS te ai tMeEne tha Ceres as ace cee ee eee 4 4, Pteropleural bristle of striking size, larger than the hind sternopleural; epistoma not very prominent........ Chrysotachina Brauer and Bergenstamm Pteropleural bristle smaller than hind sternopleural; epistoma strikingly Prommiiven (9:2 20s 2 eee a ee doh Chrysosomopsis Townsend In this connection I should note another synonym under Gymnochaeta, which is Parachrysosoma Becker, Nova Acta, 104, 1918, p. 142. It was proposed to take the place of Chrysosoma Macquart, preoccupied. This item was kindly furnished me by Professor Bezzi in 1926. 46 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 3, MAR., 1928 A NEW BICOLORED SPECIES OF MEGARIS (PENTATOMIDAE). By W. L. McATEE anv J. R. Ma ttocu. A specimen received since our synopsis! of Megaridinae was in press is the second bicolored species of the group known; it is herewith described. Megaris biguttata, new species. Runs to caption 3 of our key; it is a bicolored species which differs from M. trinotata Dist. in size, color, and structural details. Piceous, scutellum with a discal pair of obliquely elliptical pale orange spots, separated by an area of the ground color somewhat wider than either spot; legs, antennae and beak castaneous. The pronotum of holotype is damaged, but apparently there was no color spot, at least not one similar in size and position to that of ¢rinotata. Front margin of head truncate medially, then sinuate to eye, vertex with scattered coarse punctures, fewer posteriorly than anteriorly; pronotum rather numerously punctate except for callosities, and an area paralleling posterior margin, punctures somewhat finer discally than laterally; scutellum in profile slightly elevated from anterior margin to middle then quite suddenly descending almost vertically to hind margin, copiously punctate around sides, the punctures coarsest near antero-lateral angles, anterior disk with finer punctures, the color spots impunctate; clavus indistinctly gashed-punctate; corium with one row of large, deep punctures; propleurum less than half as densely punctate as meso- and meta-pleura; sternites punctate along incisures. Length, 2.25 mm.; width, 2 mm. Holotype, male, Brazil, Signoret Collection (Vienna Museum). This specimen is labelled “‘diguttatus det. Signoret,” but so far as we know this is a ms. name. NEW SPECIES OF LEPIDOPTERA IN THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. By W. Scuaus, Bureau of Entomology, U. 8. Department of Agriculture. RHOPALOCERA. PAPILIONIDAE. Papilio belus camposia, new subspecies. Male.—Body black, the abdomen dorsally white. Fore wing black suffused with blackish green except a streak in cell and interspaces adjoining cell. Hind wing, including fold along inner margin, silky blackish green; a small patch of 1Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 72, Art. 25, pp. 4-11. Pl. 1, Feb., 1927. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 3, MAR., 1928 47 white scaling on costa just beyond middle; a greenish white subterminal small oval spot above vein 6; cilia on interspaces white. Underside as in P. delus Cramer. Expanse 92 mm. Habitat.—Bafios, Ecuador. iype-—-Cat., No. 133452, U..SaiNeeE Named in honor of Prof. F. Campos. NYMPHALIDAE. MorpPHINAE. Morpho cora, new species. Male.—Wings of the same blue as M. adonis Cramer. The white spots on costa of fore wing as large as those of M. uraneis Bates. Underside with the intermediate white bands broader, especially the post-medial which reaches the subterminal dark band. Expanse 113 mm. Habitat.—Peru. tie — Cat. No. 334535, WU. Sei Nia VL. A cotype in collection of Mr. F. Johnson. Named in honor of Cora, wife of Mr. Frank Johnson,who presented the specimen to the National Museum. RIODINIDAE. Hermathena dativa, new species. Female.—Body mostly white, showing a black background oa thorax and abdomen dorsally; light buff tufts laterally on metathorax. Wings white, the base narrowly dark mouse gray irrorated with pearl gray and with subbasal white spots in and below cell of fore wing and on costa and below median of hind wing. Fore wing: a black point beyond cell between veins 4 and 5; a thick black subterminal line cut by veins from below costa to vein 5, also spots above and below vein 3; similar black lines terminally and on cilia at apex, from vein 6 to vein 4, and from above vein 3 to vein 2. Hind wing: two sub- terminal black spots below costa; terminal black spots at tips of veins extend- ing on cilia. Underside similar, but without the basal markings. Expanse 40 mm. Habitat—Volcan Sta. Maria, Guatemala, at 7,000 feet. Type.—Cat. No. 33455, U. S. N. M. A single specimen taken at 7,000 feet, settling under leaves 48 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 3, MAR., 1928 of a tree beyond reach; after an hour’s wait was induced to fly lower. Sarota estrada, new species. Male.—Head and thorax black. Abdomen fuscous above, grayish under- neath. Wings above fuscous somewhat mottled terminally with dark grayish. Wings below light purplish gray; subterminal metallic blue scaling on inter- spaces, outwardly edged with short black streaks and more broadly with coral red, the marginal line coral red outwardly edged by a fine black line; cilia yellow ocher; postmedial black spots on interspaces edged with coral red. Fore wing: coral red bands across cell and discocellular, separated by metallic blue, partly spotted with black; two similar spots below cell. Hind wing: coral red spots containing black streaks and separated by metallic blue antemedially and medially from costa to inner margin. Expanse 23-26 mm. Habitat—Cayuga, Guatemala and Guatemala City. Type.—Cat. No. 33460, U. S. N. M. Four specimens in collection. Panara brevilinea, new species. Male.—Body and wings velvety blue-black. Fore wing: a scarlet fascia beyond middle from above vein 2 to inner margin, rounded in front, expanding to inner margin. Hind wing: a similar scarlet fascia from below costa to below vein 2. Wings below blue-black; an elongated orange buff spot on inner mar- gin of fore wing postmedially. Expanse 29 mm. Habitat—Chanchamayo, Peru. Type.—Cat. No. 33459, U.S. N. M. Two males in collection. Chalodeta speusippa, new species. Female.—Body and wings snuff brown, the lines fuscous. Fore wing: sub- basal and antemedial lines in and below cell; a medial line on discocellular; postmedial line wavy, from below costa to vein 3, inset from vein 3 to vein 1; a subterminal wavy silver line outwardly edged with fuscous at middle of inter- spaces; cilia white at middle of interspaces. Hind wing with the lines similar, the white on cilia reduced. Wings below drab, the lines black, interrupted; a subterminal darker shade and marginal black points on interspaces; no silvery line. Expanse 25 mm. Habitat—Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.—Cat. No. 33458, U. S. N. M. Described from four specimens. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 3, MAR., 1928 49 Xenandra desora, new species. Male.—Body entirely black. Fore wing dark bluish-black, the veins black, but not prominently so; a scarlet elongated spot on inner margin from near base to middle. Hind wing: a large scarlet spot from base to middle of wing, not quite so broad on inner margin, the outer edge rounded from costa at one- third from base and upbent near inner margin; termen broadly black. Wings below black, the terminal interspaces green-blue slate color; spot on inner margin of fore wing orange buff, the basal spot of hind wing orange buff partly suffused with flame scarlet. Expanse 30 mm. Habitat— Colombia. Hiype:—Cate No. 38462, US: N. (Mer Emesis cronina, new species. Male.—Wings orange cinnamon with short silvery lines. Fore wing: costa bulging at base as in EF. emesia Hewitson; costa thickly striated with deep olive; subbasal, antemedial and medial lines in and below cell, the medial lines partly broken; a line on discocellular; postmedial lines on interspaces oblique and placed in an outcurved position beyond cell; an outer series of lines parallel with termen; subterminal small black spots on interspaces. Hind wing: the lines placed as on fore wing. Wings below cinnamon buff, the lines sepia, a few edged with silver, those on discocellulars entirely silver. Expanse 23 mm. Habitat——Sapucay, Paraguay. Type.—Cat. No. 33456, U. S. N. M. Three males and two females in the collection. The smallest species of the group with silver lines. Emesis vimena, new species. Female.—Costa sinuous. Body mikado brown. Wings dark vinaceous, the lines black, fine; apical third of costa dark orange cinnamon, also the basal third of wing; a subbasal line in cell, and a short inset line below cell; antemedial and medial lines in and below cell, parallel; a line on discocellular; an outcurved postmedial lunular line; traces of a darker outer line; subterminal fuscous points on interspaces; a brighter orange cinnamon patch on costa beyond postmedial line; cilia orange cinnamon. Hind wing dark vinaceous, the lines as on fore wing; orange cinnamon spots at base; termen narrowly dark orange cinnamon. Wings below zinc orange, the lines sepia, all interrupted, the postmedial form- ing oblique streaks on interspaces; the outer line and subterminal points more distinct. A male and two females have the termen of fore wing dark orange cinnamon and similar shading between the postmedial and outer lines. Expanse, male, 25 mm.; female, 28 mm. Habitat—Cayuga, Guatemala; Bugaba, Panama. Type.—Cat. No. 33457, U. S. N. M. 50 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 3, MAR., 1928 Stalachtis trangeri, new species. Fremale.—Body above black; a lateral orange spot at and below shoulder; a sublateral orange line on abdomen edged with black and again with white above; a white streak ventrally. Wings hyaline with a faint bluish tinge, the veins finely black. Fore wing: a broad marginal orange band from just above vein 6 to tornus edged with black, the inner edge irregular owing to a broad black fascia from costa oblique to marginal band between veins 3 and 4; a narrower black line from base of vein 4 to inner margin; costa, apex and inner margin to above vein | black. Hind wing: an evenly curved marginal orange band edged with black; costal margin black. Wings below similar, but an orange streak on basal half of costa. Expanse 40 mm. Habitat—Colombia. Type.—Cat. No. 33461, U.S. N. M.: Named for Mr. Tranger, from whom the specimen was re- ceived. The species comes nearest to S. phaloe Staudinger. HETEROCERA. AMATIDAE. Trichaeta boguimil, new species. Male.—Antenna fuscous tipped with cadmium yellow. Head and thorax fuscous; tegulae cadmium yellow except tips; a yellow spot on metathorax. Abdomen above and below cadmium yellow crossed by six fuscous bands; anal segment fuscous. Legs fuscous, white streaks on fore legs below. Fore wing fuscous, the markings cadmium yellow; an antemedial small spot in cell and larger quadrate spot in end of cell; a streak below cell from near base to below vein 2 postmedially; some yellow scaling along base of inner margin; an outer spot from vein 3 and stalk of veins 4 and 5, extending into base of 4 and 5; a spot between veins 6 and 7. Hind wing fuscous; some yellow at base of inner margin. Fore wing below as above. Hind wing below fuscous; a yellow streak from base below cell to inner margin, not extending beyond end of cell; a yellow spot at cell between veins 2 and 5. Expanse 19 mm. Habitat.—Casiguran, Luzon, Philippine Islands. Type—Cat. No. 33469, U. S. N. M. Trichaeta democedes, new species. Male.—Head and thorax fuscous; frons and tegulae except tips apricot yellow; a yellow spot on metathorax. Abdomen above apricot yellow crossed by five black lines; anal segment fuscous; underneath and legs fuscous. Fore wing fuscous, the markings apricot yellow; an antemedial small spot in cell, and a larger round spot in end of cell; a broad streak between median and vein 1 from near base to below vein 2; a large spot beyond cell from vein 3 to vein 7. - PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 3, MAR., 1928 Sil Hind wing apricot yellow, the costal margin to median, apex and termen to anal angle fuscous; some fuscous scaling on vein 2. Wings below similar but the yellow on hind wing upbent postmedially to close to costal edge. Expanse 23 mm. Habitat—Batuan, Philippine Islands. Type.—Cat. No. 33468, U. S. N. M. Amata democles, new species. Male.—Body above purplish black; palpi buffy brown; frons cream white; femora and base of tarsi streaked with white; legs benzo brown; collar and streak on tegulae orange; an orange buff spot on metathorax; abdomen crossed by seven narrow orange lines; abdomen below white partly crossed by black lines. Wings purplish black, the markings orange. Fore wing: a wedge-shaped spot in end of cell; an almost quadrate spot below cell near base followed by a black bar and an oblong spot, downbent on its upper edge; elongated spots between veins 3 and 5, and one between veins 6 and 7. Hind wing: a long spot from base below cell before inner margin; a large spot beyond cell between veins 2 and 5. Wings below with the spots all larger, sometimes partly confluent on hind wing. Expanse 26 mm. Habitat—Catbalogan and Surigao, Philippine Islands. Type.—Cat. No. 33472, U.S. N. M. Allied to 4. xanthostidsa Hampson. Amata democharis, new species. Male.—Head black; frons buff yellow. Collar mostly cadmium yellow; a spot on tegulae and transverse spot on metathorax cadmium yellow. Abdomen black with transverse dorsal and sublateral cadmium yellow lines. Wings purplish black, the markings cadmium yellow. Fore wing: a triangular spot at base below cell limited by a black bar and followed by a nearly quadrate spot, oblique above, the angle touching an almost quadrate spot in end of cell; a large spot beyond cell from vein 3 to vein 7, its outer edge somewhat rounded. Hind wing: a large spot at base below cell to close to inner margin and anal angle limited by a black bar slightly broken at lower angle of cell; a large spot beyond cell between veins 2 and 6. Underside of hind wing with the outer spot almost reaching costa proximally. “Some specimens have the bars below broken, the yellow at base reaching costa, and the abdomen below with faint whitish transverse lines. Expanse 28-31 mm. Habitat.—Surigao (type specimen) and Luzon, Philippine Islands. Type—Cat. No. 33473, U. S. N. M. Allied to 4. pactolina Walker. = PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 3, MAR., 1928 Amata dapontes, new species. Male.—Head and thorax black; neck behind, two spots on collar, a small spot on shoulders capucine yellow; a large yellow spot on metathorax. Abdo- men fuscous black; six transverse capucine yellow lines on dorsum, the basal line broader; faint yellowish lateral points; yellow scaling at sides of pectus and base of abdomen; throat at fore femora baryta yellow; legs drab inwardly streaked with whitish. Wings dull violet black, markings capucine yellow. Fore wing: an antemedial round spot below cell; an almost quadrate spot in end of cell, and a medial oblique spot below cell; a large postmedial spot from vein 3 to vein 7, the outer edge slightly indentate between veins 5 and 6. Hind wing: a small spot below cell near base and another beyond lower angle of cell; termen upcurved over margin of wing. Wings below as above; the outer spot on hind wing slightly larger. Expanse 24 mm. Habitat.—Virac, Luzon, Philippine Islands. Type.—Cat. No. 33470, U. S. N. M. Amata artapha, new species. Male.—Body dull violet black. Frons cream white; tegulae in front and a large spot on metathorax cream white; abdomen encircled by seven cream colored lines; throat, lateral spots on pectus and lines on femora cream white. Wings benzo brown with hyaline spots. Fore wing: a wedge-shaped spot filling outer half of cell; a smaller wedge-shaped spot at base below cell, limited by a transverse bar followed by a small almost quadrate spot; an elongated spot beyond cell between veins 6 and 7; light gray dusting below costal edge on basal half, and cream yellow scaling above subcostal; a white point at base of cell. Hind wing: a large triangular spot from base below cell and smaller spots near cell between veins 2 and 5. Wings below slightly paler. Female.—Frons, vertex, and collar cream color; a large spot on mesothorax, one on metathorax, and tegulae except tips cream color; neck behind, and thorax partly fuscous. Abdomen cream color encircled by fuscous lines. Wings paler than in the male, almost light cinnamon-drab, the hyaline spots slightly yellowish. Expanse, male, 29 mm.; female, 34 mm. Habitat.—Surigao, Mindanao, Philippine Islands. Type.—Cat. No. 33471, U. S. N. M. Somewhat like 4. extensa Walker. Three males and four females in collection. Amata eleonora, new species. Male.—Antenna fuscous. Body fuscous; frons, vertex in front, tegulae, and a large spot on metathorax white; abdomen encircled by six narrow white bands; a large cream white dorsal spot on basal segment; throat and streaks on fore femora white, the legs dusky drab. Wings thinly scaled, semihyaline, naples yellow, the veins rather broadly, termen narrowly and cilia fuscous. = as Se PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 3, MAR., 1928 a9 Fore wing: a small antemedial fuscous spot below cell. Discocellular more heavily marked than veins on both wings. Expanse 27 mm. Habitat——Surigao, Philippine Islands. Type.—Cat. No. 33474, U. S. N. M. Three specimens in the National Museum. Allied to 4. e/wesi Rothschild. Amata subaana, new species. Male.—Antenna black tipped with white. Body orange; thorax in front and laterally black; abdomen encircled by six fine black lines, the second line from base broader; throat orange; legs dusky drab. Wings hay’s brown suffused with dull Indian purple, the markings semihyaline irrorated with deep mouse gray, also partly suffused with indian purple. Fore wing: an elongated spot at base below cell, partly orange; a wedge-shaped spot in outer half of cell; an oblique spot from below middle of cell to near tornus; elongated spots above veins 3 and 4, and above vein 6; cilia partly black. Hind wing: an orange spot at base from cell to inner margin; a faint small spot above vein 2 at cell. Wings below with all the markings irrorated with buff yellow. Expanse 23 mm. Habitat.—Subaan, Philippine Islands. iijpe: Cats No. 334/50" SeiNSIMe Amata banguia, new species. Male.—Body fuscous black; frons, neck, a spot on metathorax, and seven lines encircling abdomen white; legs deep mouse gray. Wings black, the markings hyaline white. Fore wing: a wedge-shaped spot at base below cell, and a similar spot in outer half of cell; an oblique spot from below middle of cell not reaching tornus; elongated spots above veins 3 and 4, and a longer spot above vein 6. Hind wing: a long spot from base below cell along inner margin; a round spot between veins 3 and 5. Wings below duller, the spots as above. Expanse 18 mm. Habitat.—Bangui, Philippine Islands. Type.—Cat. No. 33476, U. S. N. M. MIDARA, new genus. Antenna minutely serrate. Palpi short, porrect, hairy, the third joint blunt. Hind tibiae with short spurs. Fore wing: veins 2 and 3 from well before lower angle; 4 and 5 from angle; 6 from near upper angle; 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 stalked. Hind wing: veins 2 and 3 close together well before angle; 4 and 5 from angle; 6 absent. Type.—M. bengueta. 54 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 3, MAR., 1928 Midara bengueta, new species. Male.—Antenna black with white tip. Body black; frons, some hairs at base of antenna, neck, a large dorsal spot at base of abdomen, and six lines encircling abdomen, cream white; legs hair brown. Wings fuscous black. . Fore wing: cell except at base, space below cell from base to near termen, spots between veins 3 and 5 at cell, and an elongated spot above vein 6 hyaline white, the last three outwardly irrorated with whitish yellow; the discocellular black edged with black in cell; a white spot at base of cell; a semihyaline streak below costal edge to above discocellular. Hind wing: a long spot in cell; a large spot from base below cell and at inner margin to near termen; a large spot from vein 3 to vein 5. Expanse 24 mm. Habitat—Baguio, Province of Benguet, Philippine Islands. Type.—Cat. No. 33477, U. S. N. M. Four specimens in the National Museum. Midara balbalasanga, new species. Male.—Body fuscous black; frons, neck laterally, two spots on collar, meta- thorax laterally and tegulae partly, cream white. Abdomen: a dorsal spot at base and seven encircling cream white lines. Jegs hair brown, the femora with white scaling. Fore wing hyaline; veins, apex, termen and inner margin fuscous; a fuscous bar from middle of cell to inner margin; costal edge fuscous black; hyaline streak on costal margin irrorated with fuscous; space between veins 5 and 6 fuscous; the fuscous on termen expanding slightly between veins 2 and 3. Hind wing hyaline; inner margin whitish yellow with black cilia; costa and termen narrowly fuscous; narrow space between veins 2 and 3 fuscous, also median vein, discocellular and vein 4. Wings below as above. Expanse 29 mm. Habitat.—Balbalasang, Philippine Islands. Type.—Cat. No. 33478, U. S. N. M. VULSINIA, new genus. Male.—Antenna serrate. Palpi short, porrect, hairy. Legs smooth; hind tibiae with short spurs. Fore wing: vein 2 well before angle; 3 near angle; 4 absent; 5 from angle; 6 below upper angle; 7 and 9 absent; 8 and 10 stalked from cell; 11 free or stalked with 8. Hind wing: vein 2 well before angle; 3 near angle; 4 absent; 5 from angle; 6 and 7 coincident. Ty pe —V “ssocorta. Vulsinia socorra, new species. Male.—Antenna purplish fuscous, terminal third white. Body fuscous; frons maize yellow; collar and tegulae orange; abdomen above and laterally crossed by five narrow orange lines, and a broad sixth line; the lines on venter very fine. Fore femora maize yellow. Legs inwardly streaked with yellowish white. se aod PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 3, MAR., 1928 35 Wings fuscous, the markings deep chrome. Fore wing: a streak on costa from base to near middle; a line below cell from near base, expanding into a broad fascia to well beyond middle of wing; a small spot in end of cell; a large outer spot from vein 2 to vein 6. Hind wing: a large spot at base narrowing above to near anal angle; a round outer spot from vein 2 to vein 5. Wings below browner, the markings as above but paler. Expanse 26 mm. Habitat.—Socorro, Philippine Islands. Type.—Cat. No. 33479, U. S. N. M. Three specimens in the National Museum. Chrostosoma mediana, new species. Female.—Body dull black; crimson spots on shoulders and metathorax. Wings hyaline faintly dusted with dark scales, the veins black. Fore wing: a broad medial black band. Hind wing: termen broadly black. Expanse 21 mm. Habitat.—Paraguay. Type.—Cat. No. 33465, U. S. N. M. Allied to C. nigrizona (Pseudomya) echaee which has no red on body, and the venter partly white. C. melanthoides (Pseu- domya) Schaus from Guatemala has the crimson spots as in C. mediana, but also has the vertex crimson. Chrostosoma dhamis, new species. Male.—Body black; the venter whitish; a crimson spot on shoulders. Wings semihyaline, the veins black; a broad black medial band on fore wing; more than outer half of hind wing black. Female with medial band of fore wing broader than in male. Expanse, male, 19 mm.; female, 21 mm. Habitat.—Para, Brazil; British Guiana. MD Gree Ate No. 33464, WS. Nee, According to Mr. H. W. Moore who has bred the species, the larva feeds on lime, cacao, coffee and other plants. Pseudomya bartschi, new species. Male.—Antenna: shaft blue-black, the tips and pectinations ochraceous orange. Body and legs dark metallic blue; two white spots on collar; lateral white spots under tegulae; lateral white spots at base of abdomen, lateral white points on other segments forming streaks on second and third segments ex- tending sublaterally; legs with white points on femora, the hind tarsi tipped with white. Fore wing ceep metallic blue with white spots; spot at base of costa and larger subbasal spot below cel!; a small antemedial spot below cell, and a large quadrate spot medially below cell; a small quadrate spot at end of cell below subcostal; large spots between veins 3 and 5 from cell, and a point 56 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 3, MAR., 1928 above vein 5. Hind wing black suffused with dark blue; an elongated white spot below cell from near base, and a fine short streak in cell; a postmedial white fascia from below costa outbent to near termen above vein 2; cilia white at middle, and below apex. Wings below metallic blue, the spots as above. Expanse 27 mm. Habitat.—Bahamas. Type.——Cat. No. 33463, U. S. N. M. Collected by Dr. P. Bartsch. More brilliant in color than P. mimma Grote, the spots larger, the palpi without any white. Macrocneme apollinairei, new species. Male.—Antenna, palpi, and head black, frons metallic green. Collar metal- lic green, fringed with carmine medially. Thorax black, a metallic green spot on metathorax. Abdomen black with subdorsal and sublateral metallic green spots; two dorsal carmine spots at base. Body below black; a large carmine spot on and below throat; ventral valve golden green. Legs black; hind tarsi orange yellow. Wings above suffused with dark bluish green; metallic green scaling at base of fore wing. Wings below duller, the basal half irrorated with metallic green. Expanse 42 mm. Habitat.—V ergara, Colombia. Type.—Cat. No. 33454, U. S. N. M. Named in honor of Frére Apollinaire. Differs from M. xantholopha Dognin in having crimson spots instead of yellow. Aethriopsis serrana, new species. Male.—Antenna black. Palpi black above, empire yellow below. Body black; frons empire yellow; a capucine yellow spot on shoulders and a line on tegulae; abdomen with a broad lateral capucine yellow line, the venter the same color except on terminal segment; fore femora broadly empire yellow, the other femora, joints of tibiae, and underside of hind tarsi also yellow. Fore wing hyaline, the veins black; apex, termen and inner margin narrowly black; a fine black line on discocellular; a capucine yellow spot at base of costal margin. Hind wing hyaline; costal margin white to near apex; apex broadly black, the termen more narrowly so not reaching anal angle. Costa of hind wing below mostly capucine yellow. Expanse 23 mm. Habitat.—Sao Paulo, S. E. Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 43466, U. S. N. M. Received from Mr. Pohl. PROG. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 3, MAR., 1928 5i/ Eucereon pittieri, new species. Female.—Antenna with white shaft. Head and thorax mostly white; palpi partly, frons, a spot on vertex, front of collar and shoulders deep mouse gray. Abdomen above fuscous, the anal hairs pinard yellow; underneath white except last segment; legs mouse gray with white markings at joints. Fore wing deep brownish drab; base of costa white; subbasal white points on costa and below cell; a broken white streak below fold and a similar streak along inner margin; a faint white streak in cell; a deeply outangled white line from costa at four- fifths, inbent to near middle of wing at line below fold, and widest at costa, cut throughout by the dark veins; large terminal white spots on interspaces; cilia white. Hind wing hair brown, the cilia tipped with white at apex. Wings below grayish hair brown; termen above vein 2 white becoming broad at apex and costa, crossed by some irregular subterminal dark markings; veins 2-7 fuscous. Expanse 25 mm. Habitat—Caracas, Venezuela. Type.—Cat. No. 43467, U. S. N. M. Received from Mr. Pittier. SYSSPHINGIDAE. Citheronia johnsoni, new species. Male.—Palpi and head brazil red, the upper part of frons yellowish white. Collar and thorax buff yellow, the tegulae dorsally edged with red. Abdomen above brazil red, basal segment buff yellow and similar segmental lines, also a dorsal line; the last segment mostly “buffy yellow. Fore wing dark vinaceous gray, the veins on basal and terminal areas brazil red, also veins 1 and 2 medially; a maize yellow point at base of costa and a round spot at base of cell; outer edge of basal area deeply incurved between veins; medial area consisting of buff yellow spots, partly coalescent; a round spot on inner margin; elongated spots from vein | to vein 4, crossed by a diffuse brownish drab shade; an oval spot at end of cell crossed on either side of discocellular by brazil red spots; trigonate yellow pots from cell between veins 4 and 6, above vein 5 with some brownish drab diffuse shading, separating them from elongated buff yellow spots in- creasing in size to costa; small buff yellow and brazil red subterminal spots on interspaces; cilia brazil red. Hind wing maize yellow; a large round brazil red spot on inner margin near base; a quadrate morocco red spot on discocellular; an outer dentate brazil red line to inner margin above anal angle adjoining a triangular spot with its apex close to angle. Wings below buff yellow; fore wing with costa vinaceous slate, the subcostal vein black, edged with brazil red; a quadrate brazil red spot at discocellular, the terminal area as above, but whitish at tornus; hind wing with only the discal spot and outer line as above, the latter finer. Expanse 73 mm. Habitat—Rio Grande do Sul. Type.—Cat. No. 33291, U. S. N. M. Quite distinct from any of the forms of C. /aocoon Cramer. 58 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 3, MAR., 1928 Adelocephala rorerae, new species. Male.—Body above ochraceous orange; abdomea with small lateral black spots on basal half; body below purplish vinaceous. Fore wing ochraceous orange, the base and termen suffused with light grayish vinaceous; some neutral gray irrorations beyond cell and on terminal area; lines hair brown, the ante- medial finely wavy, outcurved, the outer line from costa near apex crenulate, incurved to near middle of inner margin; two small white spots on discocellular. Hind wing ochraceous orange; a dark line from apex to below middle of inner margin, the termen suffused with light grayish vinaceous. Wings below light buff, the terminal areas suffused with light grayish vinaceous; fore wing above cell to costa and apex suffused with ochraceous salmon; a fine dark line from near apex to vein 3; hind wing with basal half suffused with light ochraceous salmon, the outer line as above. Another male has the medial area of fore wing and basal half of hind wing cinnamon rufous, the terminal area pale brownish drab. Female.—Body and wings cinnamon buff, the lateral spots on abdomea larger extending subdorsally. Wings more thickly irrorated with dark striae; tornus of fore wing and terminal area of hind wing pale grayish vinaceous. Expanse, male, 39 mm.; female, 56 mm. Habitat—Macas and Guayaquil, Ecuador. Type.—Cat. No. 33289, U. S. N. M. The costal margin of hind wing evenly curved and rounded at apex and termen to anal angle. Named in honor of Mrs. E. W. Rorer. Adelocephala bellardi, new species. Male.—Head and thorax, base of abdomen dorsally, and termina! segment ochraceous salmon, the abdomen otherwise orient pink; body below pinkish vinaceous, anal hairs orange rufous, legs vinaceous lilac. Fore wing: base and terminal area brownish vinaceous, the medial area deep chrome with a few faint tawny striae; lines fine, brownish olive; basal space limited by a line outbent and angled in cell, then inbent to near base of inner margin; outer line from apex to middle of inner margin; a brownish vinaceous spot on discocellular. Hind wing ochraceous buff with some rufous shading 01 inner margin at outer line, this latter faint, light russet vinaceous. Wings below antimony yellow, the outer lines fine, more distinct; fore wing largely suffused with apricot buff, with a fine line on discocellular; the termen light vinaceous lilac, narrowly from vein 5 to tornus. Costa of hind wing convex at base, oblique to apex. Expanse 43 mm. Habitat.—Valera, Venezuela. Type.—Cat. No. 33290, U.S. N. M. Named in honor of Mr. FE. P. deBellard, who kindly presented the specimen to the National Museum. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 3, MAR., 1928 59 THE GENUS EREMOCORIS IN THE EASTERN UNITED STATES, WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES AND A NEW VARIETY (HEMIPTERA-LYGAEIDAE). By H. G. Barser, Roselle, N. 7. 1. Eremocoris depressus, n. sp. Color dark castaneous, with head, anterior lobe of the pronotum, pleurae and scutellum subshining black. Rostrum and antennae testaceous, the latter infuscated apically. Legs, region of the acetabuli and venter ferrugineo- castaneous. Form much depressed and nude except for a very few hairs on head and pronotum. Head black, apically ferrugineous, finely, sparsely punctate. An- tennae less incrassate than those of FE. ferus; second segment about twice as long as basal, third one-fourth longer than second, infuscated fourth a trifle shorter than third. Pronotum somewhat elongate but little wider than long (2¥4:3), the lateral margins not at all parallel, strongly converging anteriorly; anterior lobe finely and sparsely punctate, this nearly twice as long as the more coarsely and closely punctate posterior lobe; the sinus between the lobes shallow and provided with a series of coarse punctures; the narrowly explanate lateral margin ferrugineous with the edge straight; the humeral tubercle quite distinct. The pleurae closely and finely punctate. The strongly incrassate fore femora armed with a large pre-apical tooth between which and apex are a few smaller teeth; before the larger tooth armed with a double series of quite regular smaller teeth. The anterior tibia in the males are strongly curved and as in the other two species armed with a short, stout pre-apical tooth. The scutellum smooth, sub-shining, sparsely, finely punctate; carinate apically. The corium is uni- formly dull castaneous, finely, sparsely punctate with no conspicuous paler marks. Membrane fuligineous with inner and outer basal angles slightly paler. Venter shining ferrugineous castaneous, very finely, obsoletely punctate and sparsely setose apically. Length 6-7 mm.; hemeral width 1.75 mm. Type male.—Southern Pines, North Carolina (A. H. Manee), same retained in author’s collection. Paratypes: males.— Shreeveport, La. (Nathan Banks); Agricultural College, Miss., June 21, 1915 (feeding on squash—J. W. Bailey); Cape May Court House, N. J., Mch. 24, 1923 (F. M. Schott): females.— Dunn Loring, Fairfax Co., Va., Aug. 30, 1916 (from Pinus virgintiana—W. L. McAtee); Wilmington Beach, No. C, Apr. 6, 1914 (H. G. Barber). This species may be readily differentiated from our common E. ferus by its difference in coloration, shape of the pronotum and its nudity. Seen from the side it is quite markedly more depressed. It is apparently a southern species ranging at least as far north as southern New Jersey. 60 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 3, MAR., 1928 2. Eremocoris plebejus Fallen var. setosus, n. var. Head, pronotum and scutellum black. Corium dark castaneous with pro- notal and costal margins testaceous brown. The two lobes of the pronotum concolorous and not so sharply separated as in ferus; the anterior lobe is rela- tively longer than in that species. The dorsal and ventral parts as well as the legs provided with a rather dense coating of erect long tawny hairs. The fuscous membrane with conspicuous sordid white marks at inner and outer angles; the apex narrowly bordered with white. This species long known from Europe is remarkable in the genus by reason of its dense coating of soft hairs. As our specimens have seemingly a denser coating of hairs than is usual in all of the European specimens which I have seen I have preferred to call this a var. of Fallen’s species. It has a wide range in the United States. I have found it abundant near Vienna, Va., in sifting dead leaves in or about the woods. Type male.—Vienna, Va., Aug. 16, 1922, same retained in author’s collection. AMotype: same data. Essex Co. and Tyngsboro, Mass. (H. M. Parshley); Sea Cliff, Long Island, N. Y. (Nathan Banks); Little Neck, Long Island, N. Y., Mch. 23, 1924 (F. M. Schott); Rockaway Beach, Long Island, N. Y. (C. E. Olsen); Staten Island, Apr. (W. T. Davis); Columbus, Ohio; Mich. 3171917 (Carl J. Drake)z Posey*Co., Ince Oce o 1908" (W:"S. Blatchley); Falls Church, Va. (Nathan Banks): Rock Creek Park, Washington, D. Cc: Apr. 12, 1908) (a: @ Barber); Clayton, Ga., July, 1910 (W. T. Davis); Gainesville, Fla. (io Re Watson): 3. Eremocoris ferus Say. Readily distinguished by the characters given in the key. It is our commonest and most widely distributed species most frequently met with in sifting dead leaves. To the records given in Van Duzee’s Catalogue I am able to add the following: Nova Scotia, Edmonston, Albt.; Minn., Mich., Wis., Ind. , Kans. ss Mo., La. and N. M. Key to species of Eremocoris. 1. Body and legs with a rather dense coating of long erect hairs. plebejus var. setosus n. Body and legs nude.or' sparsely (pilose: 222 3 ee D 2. Form rather narrow. Pronotum but little wider than long; distinctly depressed, nude and sub-shining.........22.20-0-0.-ce eee depressus, n. sp. Form relatively broader and not depressed. Pronotum distinctly wider thanlone dull ispanselyp pilose ets seees wes re eet ons eee ferus Say Actual date of publication, April 24, 1928. VOL. 30 —- APRIL, 1928 No. 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON CONTENTS CHAPIN, EDWARD A.—THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF HOLOTROCHUS PRT CHS ON Makes aren aie eee ee 8) ey A Shy ere ae ards oe OO CHITTENDEN, F. H.—AN INJURIOUS CHINESE NUT CURCULIO (COLEOPTERA: CURCUETONUIDAT ii wae eee tc eel ee ee GO FALL, H. C.—POLYPHYLLA SPECIOSA CSY. (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE) . 70 HEINRICH, CARL.—NEW PINE MOTHS FROM JAPAN. ......... 61 KNIGHT, HARRY H.—HESPEROLABOPS PERISCOPIS, A NEW PERISCOPIC BUG FROM SALVADOR, WITH A NOTE ON THE TEXAS MEMBER OF THIS GENUS (HEMMETE RAS NITRTDAB km nsgen tien: asub oO. cnet leon Gee eee ee eg ON MC ATEE, W. L.—AUTOMATIC NOMENCLATURE WHITE, G. F.—POTATO BEETLE SEPTICEMIA, WITH THE PROPOSAL Q SPECIES OF BACTERIUM OG oho.ace od WOLCOTT, G. N.—~PHYLLOPHAGA MINUTISSIMA, A CORRECTION PusiisHeED Montuiy Excerr Jury, Aucust AND SEPTEMBER BY THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON, D. C. Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D. C., under Act of August 24, 1912. Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized July 3, 1918. THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON OrcanizeD Marcu 12, 1884. The regular meetings of the Society are held in the National Museum on the first Thursday of each month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 p. M. Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00. Members are entitled to the ProceEDINGs and any manuscript submitted by them is given precedence over any submitted by non-members. OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1927. Honorary President.) 2 3 ve 5. gee ss val et te tee Ne ee IETS 3 0 6 5 6 asic Hee te os, Wine -o Sd hake lees Cae, eA EINGS BOR FASE ACE= PL ESIACNE "oro ta, oC oa ee ee J. E. GRAF Second Vice-President: 29s “> 31s se es tes po ee ne A. C. BAKER IRGRU TCHS (SARRAUID) © ab 0 6 6 6 0 Go Go oe ree . J. S. WADE Corresponding Secretary-Treasurer. ......... : . A. ROHWER Us Ss National Museum, nee DAC: Bdilorea sa is E>. Dt eens ae Mercere tae, vAues |: W. R. WALTON Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Executive Committee: THe Orricers and C. T. Greene, A. N. Caupe t, ee EV SNY DER: Representing the Society as a Vice-President of the Washington Academy of Sciences bg wick es Dee 2 eae ee ee PAGE ONIN PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON. Published monthly, except July, August and September, by the Society at Washington, D. C. Terms of subscription: Domestic, $4.00 per annum; foreign, $4.25 per annum; recent single numbers, 50 cents, foreign postage extra. All subscriptions are payable in advance. Remittances should be made payable to the Entomological Society of Washington. An author of a leading article in the ProceEpinGs will be given 10 copies of the number in which his article appears. Reprints without covers will be fur- nished at the following rates, provided a statement of the number desired accompanies the manuscript: 4 pp. 8 pp. 12 pp. 16 pp. 50 copies 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 100 copies 225 4.50 6.75 9.00 Certain charges are made for illustrations and there are available rules and suggestions governing the make-up of articles. Immediate publication in any number may be obtained at the author’s expense. All manuscripts should be sent to the Editor. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON VOL. 30 APRIL, 1928 No. 4 NEW PINE MOTHS FROM JAPAN. By Cart Herneicu, U. S. Bureau of Entomology. (Plate 3.) The following new species were received from Dr. A. Kariya, Director of the Imperial Plant Quarantine Service, Yokohama Customs, Yokohama, Japan. He reports the larvae of all as injurious to the young shoots of Pinus thunbergii Parl in the vicinity of Yokohama. In addition to the new species there was also one specimen of Dioryctria splendidella H-S., also from Pinus thunbergit. Salebria laruata, new species. (Fig. 5.) Palpus and head blackish fuscous, with some slight dusting of white on head. Thorax glossy, grayish lavender. Fore wing with a narrow white inner line, outwardly angulate at middle and running from near basal third of costa to just beyond outer third of dorsum and with a similar more vertical outer line running from outer fifth of costa to outer fifth of dorsum; basal area (to inner line) ferruginous ocherous on dorsal half, darker red above heavily shaded with blackish @iscous and with a faint white dusting in middle; area between inner and outer lines blackish fuscous except for outer half of dorsal area which is ferruginous; on lower half of dark median area near inner line a rather larger blotch of white scaling; a smaller white spot near end of cell; area beyond outer line ferruginous with some faint white dusting bordering termen; ter- minal edge black; extreme costa blackish fuscous for entire length; culia pale smoky fuscous, shining and with a very faint median white line. Hind wing pale brownish fuscous, somewhat glossy; cilia paler, with a dark basal band. Male genitalia figured from type. Alar expanse 22 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 40788, U. S. N. M. Type locality —Yokohama, Japan. Food plant.—Pinus thunbergit. Described from male type dated July 6, 1924. Similar in pattern, color and general appearance to Pinipestis delectella Hulst, but with the structural characters of Salebria. Rhyacionia dativa, new species. (Fig. 3.) Antenna with basal joint blackish, otherwise gray. Palpus and face fuscous brown with paler dusting on inner side of palpus. Head sordid ocherous. 62 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 4, APR., 1928 Thorax amber brown with posterior half of tegula and scaling of metathorax semimetallic silvery gray. Fore wing amber brown, irregularly cross banded with semimetallic silvery gray, with some whitish scaling along the margins of the outer bands and with the metallic scales (on wing and thorax) tipped with white; the cross bands numbering five running from costa to dorsum and one paralleling termen from tornus and terminating below apex; the three basal bands rather indistinct; the fourth and fifth fusing near their middle to form a somewhat irregular M and the fifth touching at its base the base of the terminal band; terminal pale band scalloped; an obscure median longi- tudinal blackish shading extending from middle of cell to terminal gray band and lying entirely in the brown areas (not cutting the transverse gray bands); cilia pale semilustrous fuscous, paler toward base. Hind wing smoky fuscous; cilia slightly paler with a still paler, dark-margined basal line. Male genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse 19.5 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 40789, U.S. N. M. Type locality —Yokohama, Japan. Food plant—Pinus thunbergit. Described from male type dated July 11, 1925. Close to the European pinicolana Doubleday and with some- what similar genitalia; but with decidedly browner ground color of fore wing and with the transverse pale bands more irregular and not so well separated or clearly defined. Rhyacionia simulata, new species. (Fig. 1.) Palpus, face and head brownish fuscous, the scale ends tipped with sordid white. Thorax blackish gray. Fore wing from base to well beyond middle blackish gray, dusted and cross banded with silvery gray and white; the black- ish ground extending as far as tornus on dorsum and almost to apex on costa and on disk to end of cell; the silvery gray and whitish dustings forming an obscure, pale basal patch covering basal third of wing and a faint pale, slightly oblique transverse band just beyond middle, the latter separated from the pale basal area by a band of the dark ground color; on outer half of costa four narrowly elongate white spots; the inner two of these produced into silver gray dashes which fuse at top of cell to form the postmedian pale fascia; outer fourth of wing yellowish brown shading to deep brownish red toward termen and apex, and broken by a paler (more yellowish) band extending from third costal spot to tornus and by a shorter pale band extending from outer costal spot; cilia gray shaded with white. Hind wing smoky fuscous; cilia paler with a dark basal band. Female genitalia of type figured. Alar expanse 16 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 40790, U. S. N. M. Type locality —Yokohama, Japan. Food plant.—Pinus thunbergit. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 4, APR., 1928 63 Described from female type dated July 5, 1924. This is the species that has been determined by Walsingham and others as the European duplana Hubner. It is close to duplana but apparently distinct and separable on differences of color and Sane The ground color of thorax and basal portion of ore wing is much darker, the reddish shading toward termen deeper and more distinctly red, the signa much shorter, the chitinization about genital opening differently shaped and the chitinized areas of seventh abdominal segment stronger and considerably darker. These genitalia differences are shown in figures | and 2. Petrova insignis, new species. (Fig. 4.) Antenna brown, very faintly and narrowly banded with white. Palpus ferruginous, whitish toward apex and on inner side. Face ferruginous. Head ferruginous shading to ocherous above. Thorax a dark rich amber brown with some whitish scaling on posterior half of tegula. Fore wing dark amber brown; basal area more or less blotched with dull silvery with a few inter- spersed black scales; near middle a broad, irregular, pale fascia consisting of two vertical silvery metallic bars separated by a median vertical bar of brownish ocherous; ocelloid patch conspicuous, consisting of two vertical silvery metallic bars enclosing three longitudinal black dashes on a brownish ocherous ground (inner vertical ocelloid bar broad, about twice as large as’ outer one); above ocelloid patch and reaching from just beyond cell to termen two narrow horizontal black streaks; outer half of costa with four pairs of short, narrow, white dashes continued more or less in metallic scaling, that of the second pair reaching to upper margin of inner vertical bar of ocellus; cilia shining fuscous, slightly darker (more leaden hued) toward base. Hind wing a shining satiny brown, paler than fore wing; cilia but slightly paler, with dark basal band and with the extreme tips of the outermost scales white. Male genitalia figured from type. Alar expanse 15 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 40791, U.S. N. M. Type locality —Y okohama, Japan. Food plant.—Pinus thunbergit. Described from male type dated August 27, 1924. A striking species easily distinguished by the shining satiny brown hind wing and the strongly marked ocelloid patch of forewing. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Drawings made under the author’s supervision by Miss Mary Foley of the Bureau of Entomology. Fig. 1. RAyacionia simulata, n. sp., female genitalia. Fig. 2. RAyacionia duplana Hubner, female genitalia. Fig. 3. RAyacionia dativa, n. sp., male genitalia. Fig. 4. Petrova insignis, n. sp., male genitalia. Fig. 5. Salebria laruata, n. sp., male genitalia. PLATE 3 PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VoL. 30 _ ZA ih My, ZLESS duplana HEINRICH—LEPIDOPTERA. PROG. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 4, APR., 1928 65 THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF HOLOTROCHUS ERICH- SON (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE), WITH DESCRIP- TIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES. By Epwarp A. Cuapin, Associate Entomologist, Taxonomic Investigations. Two species of this genus have heretofore been described from North America. A third species from the mountains of Arizona has for many years remained undescribed in the Hubbard and Schwarz collection and recently a fourth species was collected by Dr. W. E. Hinds at Baton Rouge, La. This last is of considerable interest as it was taken from borings in an insulated electric cable. The following dichotomous table will serve to elucidate the more salient characteristics of these species: 1. Abdominal segments with fine but distinct remnants of lateral marginal lines; median length of pronotum less than length of elytral suture (ratio of pronotal length to elytral suture length 25:33). /aevicauda Lec. Abdominal segments with no trace of lateral marginal lines; length of pronotum equal to or greater than length of elytral suture... De 2. Length of pronotum greater than length of elytral suture (ratio of pro- notal length to elytral suture length 23:20); elytra rugose-punctate........ brachypterus F v1. Length of pronotum equal to length of elytral suture (by measurement); elytrarsimiply apn ctaters ees. 1 lay ewe eae ce ee ee RL ee 3. 3. First to third abdominal sternites virtually impunctate; length 2.5 mm... parvulus, n. sp. Second and third abdominal sternites coarsely and sparsely punctured; Wevay=s de ttecS AQ som co a0 Fae eee 2 echt a ee ee a ey arizonicus, n. sp. Holotrochus laevicauda (Leconte). Lispinus laevicauda Lec., 1866, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Vol. 18, p- 376. Holotrochus laevicauda (Lec.) Lec., 1877, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., Vol. 6, p. 216. This species is represented in the National Museum collection by eight specimens from Grand Ledge, Michigan, collected by Hubbard and Schwarz and by a single specimen from Frank- fort, Kentucky, Aug. 18, H. Soltau. Holotrochus brachypterus Fauvel. Holotrochus minor Leconte, 1877, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., Vol. 6, p. 216. (nec minor ¥vl.). Holotrochus brachy pterus Fvl., 1905, Rev. d’Ent., Vol. 24, p. 136. (minor Lec. nec Fl. renamed). Five specimens of this species are in the Museum collection, one of which (Enterprise, Florida, June 7, Hubbard and Schwarz) was determined as this species by Fauvel; other 66 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 4, APR., 1928 specimens are from Cedar Keys, Florida, June 6, and Crescent City, Florida (both Hubbard and Schwarz), New Orleans, Louisiana, Dec. 2, H. Soltau, and Cape Henry, Virginia, May 22, 1927, H. S. Barber. This last specimen greatly extends the known geographical range of the species. Holotrochus parvulus, n. sp. Castaneous, dorsum of abdomen darker. Head finely, sparsely but distinctly punctured above, sides and underpart coarsely alutaceous, impunctate. Eyes small, hardly prominent, above each three or four coarse punctures. An- tennae shorter than head and thorax combined, first segment stout and twice as long as thick, second shorter but of equal thickness, third as long as first but more slender, fourth and fifth globose and equal, sixth to eleventh incrassate, eleventh conical. Pronotum broader than long (length-width ratio 23:27), lateral margins feebly curved, surface deeply, finely and sparsely punctured, punctures less frequent and more fine near lateral margins. Scutellum with a few coarse punctures. Elytra slightly broader across humeri than length of suture (length-width ratio 23:26), sutural stria of each entire, punctation rather fine and sparse, lateral margin sharp and evenly curved from base to apex, epipleura shining, minutely punctulate. Abdominal tergites and fourth and fifth sternites sparsely but coarsely punctate, surface of tergites shining, of sternites strongly alutaceous, fifth segment as long as third and fourth together. Legs short, femora stout, tibiae incrassate distally, anterior tibiae with a few spinules on outer margin, inner margin sinuate. Length: 2.5 mm. Type and paratype.—U. S. N. M., No. 40888, Baton Rouge, La., Jan. 28, 1928, boring in insulated electric cable, W. E. Hinds, collector. Holotrochus arizonicus, n. sp. Piceous, elytra, antennae and legs castaneous. Head finely and sparsely punctured, the punctures of two sizes intermingled, above each eye a group of coarse punctures, sides and underpart alutaceous. Antennae not as long as head and thorax together, first segment stout and as long as the second and third together, second shorter than third, fourth to eleventh incrassate, eleventh conical. Pronotum broader than long (length-width ratio 31:39), lateral margins arcuate in anterior three-fifths, straight in posterior two-fifths, posterior angles slightly obtuse, rounded. Surface very sparsely and finely punctate, with an ill-defined depression within each posterior angle. Scu- tellum impunctate, rarely with one, two or three coarse punctures. Elytra broader across humeri than length of suture (length-width ratio 30:37), punc- tures coarse and sparse, surface slightly irregular. Just inside the lateral margin there is a row of punctures which are more coarse and deep than the others. Epipleura smooth, impunctate. Abdominal segments without trace of lateral margins, surface coarsely alutaceous, sparsely set with coarse, shallow punctures. Underparts of thorax coarsely alutaceous laterally, metasternum with a few fine punctures. Legs moderately long (for the genus), femora stout PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 4, APR., 1928 67 but not conspicuously swollen, tibiae incrassate distally, anterior tibiae with a row of spinules, of which the apical two are larger, on the outer margin, inner margin sinuate. Length: 3.7 mm. Type and seventeen paratypes—U. S. N. M., No. 40887, Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona, May 21, Hubbard and Schwarz collection. With the above lot of specimens I have associated a single individual from the Chiricahua Mountains, Ariz., July 3, Hub- bard and Schwarz. The following differences have been ob- served between it and the type specimen of H. arizonicus: Length 4 mm., punctures of elytra slightly less conspicuous, pronotum slightly longer proportionately. It does not appear to deserve a specific name. HESPEROLABOPS PERISCOPIS, A NEW PERISCOPIC BUG FROM SALVADOR, WITH A NOTE ON THE TEXAS MEMBER OF THIS GENUS (HEMIPTERA, MIRIDAE).! By Harry H. Knicutr, dmes, Towa. The writer has recently received from Mr. W. L. McAtee for identification, a remarkable Mirid which he aptly called a periscopic bug. I find it to be an apparently undescribed species belonging in the genus Hesperolabops Kirkaldy. This genus is remarkable in that the species have the eyes elevated on long, more or less erect peduncles, producing in effect what might be termed periscopic eyes. Hesperolabops periscopis, new species. Differs from ge/astops Kirk. in the more strongly elevated and less divergent eyes, narrower vertex, and in the coarsely punctate pronotum; sanguineous, of the dorsum only the apical half of clavus, inner angles of corium and the membrane blackish. 9. Length 6.2 mm., width 2.7 mm. Head: width across outer margins of eyes at top 1.15 mm., between inside margins at top .68 mm., width between peduncles at base .33 mm., from vertex to top of eye .62 mm., lateral width of eye .33 mm., height of an eye from lateral aspect .56 mm. Rostrum, length 2.6 mm., reaching to fifth ventral segment, sanguineous like the head with only tip black. Antennae: segment I, length .62 mm., red, becoming darker near apex; II, 1.92 mm., black, nearly equal to segment I in thickness, finely and closely pubescent; III, broken. Pronotum: length 1.18 mm., width at base 1.92 mm.; coarsely and closely punctate on disk and basal half of pro- pleura, collar flattened and with punctures above; calli strongly convex, impunc- ‘Contribution from the Department of Zoology and Entomology, Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa. 68 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 4, APR., 1928 tate, connecting with lateral margin of collar by an elevated ridge; a flat trans- verse impression before each callus, a similar rounded impression above coxal cleft, while a much larger and more ellipsoidal impression occupies middle of propleura; these impressions have a finely granulate surface of whitish color. Scutellum with a large granulate impressed area occupying basal half while a much smaller but similar area occurs on each basal angle. Henelytra dull, opaque, finely and shallowly punctate, each puncture with a minute and closely appressed sericeous hair; embolar margins sinuate on basal half, embolium thickened, elevated but with rounded edge. Cuneus large, only slightly deflexed, fracture rather shallow. Membrane and veins black, with a single large cell in each wing, the rounded apex of which just attains apex of cuneus. Hind femora more slender than front pair. San- guineous, antennae except first segment, distal half of clavus, inner angles of corium, membrane, tibiae and tarsi, black. Holotype-— 2 December 6, 1927, La Union, Salvador (E. Mortensen); U. S. National Museum collection. Paratype.— 9, taken with the type ‘‘on Opun- tia”; author’s collection. This species was found commonly on both Cerei and Opun- tie. Hesperolabops picta (Hunter, Mitchell & Pratt). Stylopidea picta Hunter, Mitchell & Pratt, U.S. Bur. Ent., Bul. 113, 1912, p. 22. This insect was described as follows: “ Stylopidea picta Uhler is a slender hemipterous insect about 6.5 mm. long. The head and thorax are bright crimson and the wing covers slate color but with narrow yellowish borders. The eyes are placed at the end of the stalk-like prolongations of the head. The underparts are dark brownish.” “The species has been collected on Opuntia from San An- tonio, Tex., to the coast and southward to Brownsville, Tex.” The authors of the bulletin cited evidently believed that Uhler had already described this insect but we have been unable to find that he ever did. The description here quoted was sufficient to validate the generic name as well as that of the species, therefore Sty/opidea H. M. & P. becomes a synonym of Hesperolabops Kirk., but the species is evidently distinct from gelastops Kirk. Back in 1921 Dr. Bergroth informed the writer that picta from Trxas was distinct from ge/astops Kirk. described from Mexico. After comparing specimens with Kirkaldy’s (1902) description, and the redescription by Reuter (1912), I can readily believe that this may be true, hence the name of the peculiar cactus bug from Texas becomes Hes- perolabops picta (Hunter, Mitchell & Pratt). PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 4, APR., 1928 69 AN INJURIOUS CHINESE NUT CURCULIO (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE). By F. H. Currrenpen, United States Department of Agriculture. In a paper published in 1913 by Dr. A. L. Quaintance' on the injurious insects of other countries he mentions Balaninus nucum L.. as injurious to the hazel nut or fiibert, 2. e/ephas Gyll. as attacking chestnuts, and B. cerasorum Hbst. as attacking cherries. There are still other noxious species the introduction of which into this country should be guarded against, including B. camelliae Roelofs and B. macula-nigra Roelofs, and the species considered in this paper. During April and June, 1923, the Federal Horticultural Board of the United States Department of Agriculture received through Mr. H. J. Gouldman and others a lot of chestnuts (Castanea sp.) from Hai-tong Range, Yun-nan, China, which were infested by nut curculio larvae. These proved on being reared to belong to the genus Curculio, of which Balaninus is a synonym, and to species not represented in the U. S. Na- tional Museum collection. After the perusal of all available literature the writer fails to find a description of any species which entirely fits the form under discussion, although it is obviously so closely related to B. haroldi Faust, described from Peking, China,? as to be with little doubt that species: _ The form under discussion resembles the latter in size, shape of prothorax, elytral markings and vestiture generally. A tech- nical description of these specimens has been made to conform with those of our native species recently treated by the writer. Curculio haroldi Faust. Balaninus haroldi Faust, Deutsch. Ent. Zeit., 1890, p. 292. Slender cylindrical subovate, distinctly more than twice as long as wide; reddish brown, rostrum polished deep brown, antennae pale yellow brown. Vestiture of dorsum mostly spectrum red, of ventral surface whitish; elytra with a wide transverse median black or brown fascia and behind that a shorter whitish fascia. Rostrum @ as long as the body, very slender, scarcely wider at the base, otherwise of uniform diameter; moderately arcuate in distal two-thirds, nearly straight in proximal third. Antennae inserted at about basal third, scape distinctly longer than first three funicular joints, funicular joint 1 about 1/5 longer than 2, 2 1/5 longer than 1, 3 fully 14 longer than 4. Prothorax about as wide as long, strongly restricted, but not tubulate to apex, basal half with sides subparallel, base subtruncate. Vestiture of disc sparse, squamules lanceolate, so overlapping as to form a network pattern, ‘Remarks on some injurious insects of other countries, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 1913, p. 80. aDcutiche Entomologische Zeitung, 1890, p. 262. 70 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 4, APR., 1928 beneath which the coarse rugosely punctate surface is visible; sides with shorter more or less oblong or various shaped gray squamules; longer gray squamules at the extreme base. Scutellum shield-shaped,! slightly longer than wide, covered with very fine whitish scales. Elytra subtriangular, though a little longer than wide, base sinuate, wider than prothorax, still wider a little behind the gradually rounded humeral angle, from which point the sides converge in a nearly straight line, not quite attaining the apex; each elytron separately rounded at apex. Surface moder- ately convex, crenately striate; striae narrow, of moderate depth, each with a single row of narrowly separated whitish squamules; intervals feebly elevated. Vestiture composed mainly of red squamules, which are short, closely-set and more or less imbricated; first or median transverse fascia black and of irregular shape, very large, extending from the first or second to the sixth or seventh interval, not united at the suture; second whitish mixed with red, third dark, scarcely larger than a dot. Lower surface with vestiture composed of short, fine cuneate and elongate ovate squamules, whitish in color. Fifth ventral segment concave. Legs long and slender; femora strongly clavate, strongly dentate, with denticles strongly produced, extending acutely distally. Tibiae also long, rather feebly sinuous; prothoracic and abdominal segments with gray squamules like pro- thoracic. Fifth ventral segment moderately concave. Rostrum < half as long as the entire body, more strongly arcuate than in @ and more thickened at apex. Antennae inserted at apical third; pygidium terminating in a somewhat tube-like tuft of hairs. Length 6.0-7.0 mm.; width 2.4-2.9 mm. POLYPHYLLA SPECIOSA CSY. By H. C. Fair, Tyngsboro, Massachusetts. The following note on this species was accidentally omitted from the manuscript of my article on the genus Polyphylla published in the February, 1928, number of this journal: Polyphylla speciosa Csy. With this I place acomana Csy. and Jatifrons Csy. as synonyms. The last named takes page precedence over the other two, but the type is so defective as to have led to its being misplaced by Casey in his table: it is therefore, in my opinion, better to consider speciosa the type of the species even if by so doing we slightly transgress the letter of the law of priority. Speciosa is very close to /0-lineata, but differs from that and all our other species by normally having the oblique dense line of white scales behind the humeral umbo disconnectedly pro- longed posteriorly, the disconnected part, however, having a tendency to become obsolete. In my single male the genital organ was slightly injured in being removed, but it seems to differ a little from that in /0-lineara by being more parallel 1More or less like the shield of the United States. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 4, APR., 1928 7 sided apically (more convergent in /0-/ineata) and by being less deeply divided medially. The color is typically reddish brown, and the size in the larger females is rather in excess of any other species in our fauna. POTATO BEETLE SEPTICEMIA, WITH THE PROPOSAL OF A NEW SPECIES OF BACTERIUM. By G. F. Wuire, Bureau of Entomology. The Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say, commonly known as the “potato bug,” suffers a mortality from a bacterial disease. In the summer of 1921 larvae, some sick and others dead of the disease, were found by W. H. White at Arlington, Va., and by Doris H. Blake in Washington, D. C. During the two summers following many individuals were col- lected by the writer in Washington. The sick larvae die in different instars. Those attacked by disease may be found clinging to the potato plant; the dead ones are usually on the ground. The general reddish color of healthy larvae changes soon after death from this disease to a brownish gray. As decay and drying continue, the color of the remains turns to a brown which finally deepens almost to black, and the form becomes a much shriveled mass. The body wall is intact throughout these early processes of decay and is not easily torn at any time. In the blood of larvae manifesting early symptoms of the disease, a bacterial species is found whose numbers increase with the advance of the disease. As the malady is character- ized in a marked way by septicemia the name “potato beetle septicemia” is suggested and used for the disease. While there is much to be learned about the etiology of the disease, the bacterium of the septicemia is considered to be the immediate cause of death of the larvae. The species is a short, actively motile, non-spore bearing, gram-negative rod that grows readily on artificial media. Many of the carbo- hydrates are fermented by it with the production of acid and some of them with the formation of gas also. Gas production takes place slowly and usually only a small quantity is formed. The name Bacillus leptinotarsae, n. sp. is here given to the bacterium. It belongs to a large group of organisms in which occur Bacillus (Coccobacillus) acridiorum' dHerelle, B. sphin- gidis? White, B. noctuarum: White, and a number of other 'd’Herelle, F. Sur la propogation, dans la Republique Argentine, de |’ epi- zootie des sauterelles du Mexique. Compt. Rend. Acad. Sc. T. CLIV, pp. 623-625, 26 Fevrier, 1912. *White, G. F.. Hornworm Septicemia. Jour. Agr. Res. Vol. XXVI, No. 10, Dec, 8;°1923.~ P. 479. 3White, G. F. Cutworm Septicemia. Jour. Agr. Res. Vol. XXVI, No. 10, Dec. 8, 1923. P. 488. 72. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 4, APR., 1928 described species. In choosing the name B. /eptinotarsae for the species the custom generally practiced by those making earlier studies on members of the group has been followed. When this group of organisms has been more fully studied the classification of the species within it probably will be somewhat changed. In many ways this disease is peculiarly an interesting one. A fuller discussion of it will follow this preliminary announce- ment. AUTOMATIC NOMENCLATURE. By W. L. McATEE. The writer is glad to be engaged in research in a field (sys- tematic entomology) where there is so evident a desire to work out the fairest and best principles of nomenclature, independ- ently if need be of existing codes, weakened as they are by exceptions, and trammelled by special rulings. The number of organisms with which systematic entomolo- gists must deal—probably more than ninety per cent of all animals above the rank of nematodes—in itself demands that the practices of naming them, and of dealing with their names shall be simplified as much as possible. To handle the names of the almost hopelessly vast phylum of insects we need rules each of which can yield only one result no matter by whom applied. We need such rules, but in view of the complexity of the subject and human failings, probably can hope for no more than approximations to them. Approximate only as they may be let us have rules which so far as possible will bring uniform results, regardless of where, when, or by whom applied, rules which, if you please, may be called automatic. Specific names we will select on the basis of priority, of course, so far as priority can be satisfactorily determined. A specific name has its only really satisfactory basis in the genuine holotype specimen. All other vouchers for a name are more or less questionable and considering the great number of groups of insects in which there are species so closely related that descriptions do not suffice for distinguishing them, it may be necessary in the long run to reject a high proportion of names, the actual holotypes of which are not extant, or have not been studied by a reviser and so adequately keyed or figured that there is practically no question as to their identity. Priority is an automatic principle for selecting specific names, but there will be cases in which potential priority will have to be ignored, because of the impossibility of positive identifica- PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 4, APR., 1928 73 tion. Such exceptions, however, will arise no more often under an automatic, than under prevailing systems of nomenclature. Only from among thoroughly established names can we select genotypes, and regardless of what may be feasible in other fields of zoology, in entomology we can not recognize genera without species. In our field genera are so numerous and so rich in species that the only practicable way of handling them is on the genotype system. The practice for selecting genotypes that has been very generally followed in entomology, namely, that of choosing the oldest included species, is an example of automatic nomen- clature. There can be only one such species in a genus and any one can determine what it is. If a genotype eventually proves to be one of the unidentifiable species alluded to pre- viously, then the generic name based upon it falls, and another must be supplied. An automatic rule relating to genera, that has won recog- nition practically throughout zoological taxonomy, is the ‘‘one- letter rule.” Generic names are available if they differ (posi- tively known typographical errors excepted) from any existing generic name by as much as one letter.!. This rule means that we do not reject generic names because they differ, appar- ently only by terminations indicating gender. This is the only practicable usage in the case of names derived from every language source, barbarous as well as classical, many of which also are pure inventions, or as it is commonly expressed, ‘‘arbi- trary combinations of letters.” Under these conditions it is impossible to determine the gender of a generic name by its form. We have, therefore, to accept a statement on the subject by the author of the name if he made one, or determine the matter by the form in which he cast specific names in the genus. It is conceivable that this latter process might be a baffling one especially if the specific names themselves happened to be “arbitrary combinations of letters.” The gender of a genus evidently can not be determined by inspection, and it may be difficult to settle by any other pro- cess. Here is a point that needs attention if we are to have an automatic code of nomenclature, and the writer would suggest that gender be thrown out of consideration. This is but another detail of automatic nomenclature to which we shall eventually be forced if we do not adopt it voluntarily. Generic names, like others, have their ups and downs and according to the authority handling them may have generic or subgeneric rank. According to custom the subgeneric name 'For a fuller discussion of this rule see Amer. Nat. 55, pp. 89-96, Jan.-Feb., Iai 74 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 4, APR., 1928 is written in parentheses between the generic and the specific name, for example—Galgupha (Euryscytus) species. Now Galgupha, according to the specific names originally associated with it, is of feminine, and Euryscytus by the same token, is of masculine gender. We have no right to alter a subgeneric to make it agree with a generic name, so we must be inconsistent whichever name we allow to control the gender of the specific names. Is it not evident that we can rid ourselves of another embarrassing nomenclatorial quandary by giving up the idea that genera have gender and that specific names should agree with the generic in gender? General usage, current practice, and the one-letter rule all permit us to form a generic name in any way we please. Re- gardless of its origin we treat it as an arbitrary combination of letters, i. e., as having no necessary meaning, and if differing by only a single letter, as distinct from prior generic names. This means that in reality we give up the idea that systematic nomenclature is the Latin or any other definite language. There is therefore no intrinsic reason for assigning gender to generic names. If assigned it must in most cases be arbitrary and as previously shown, involves us in difficulties when names are subordinated to others of different gender. A good rule tending toward automatic nomenclature therefore is: Generic names shall have no gender. The corollary of this is that specific names need have no ending indicating gender. In effect this is practically true now, for a specific name may be a technical nominative in apposition to the generic name, thus opening the way for the use of almost any word in its original form. In fact, for specific names as well as generic, arbitrary combinations of letters are freely proposed and ac- cepted. For example of the variety of form of specific names used in a single genus we cite some of those applied to native species of Tabanus: abdominalis, actaeon, acutus, alcis, alene, allynit, angustifrons, ater, baal, bigoti, calens, chionostigma, comastes, dorsifer, fronto, fur, haematopotoides, leucomelas, nova-scotiae, ohioensis, phaenops, sagax, tener, unicolor. Krom inspection of the preceding list it is evident that the variety of terminations of specific names will hardly be increased by dropping any connotation of gender. If generic names differing by one letter are regarded as distinguishable and acceptable, why can not specific names be regarded in the same way? If we cease amending them to agree with supposed gender of some generic name they will have definite and distinctive form and be just as recognizable by one-letter differences as are generic names. The arguments one sometimes encounters in opposition to such usage, namely, difficulty of memorizing, and confusion in writing, are hardly acceptable, in view of the impossibility 9% PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 4, APR., 1928 75 of trusting memory to any extent now in dealing with a myriad of insect names, and in view of present acceptance of a one- letter difference for generic names which also number their tens of thousands. To recapitulate then, so far as we have outlined automatic nomenclature: Generic and subordinate names in entomological nomencla- ture shall be regarded from every point of view as arbitrary combinations of letters. Unless spelled exactly alike (proved typographical errors excepted) they shall be regarded as differ- ent. They shall be treated as having no gender and there shall be no requirement as to agreement in ending of subordinate names to superior ones. Priority shall be respected in so far as it can be thoroughly established. A genus in every case must rest upon a valid species, the genotype, which in cases henceforth to be decided must be the oldest species originally in the genus, or in case all are of the same age, shall be the first included species. Specific names shall be validated primarily by single type (holotype) specimens. When no such specimen exists and published description or illustrations of authentic representa- tives of the species do not suffice for positive identification, the name shall be dropped. Taxonomists deal mostly with generic or subordinate names and if the handling of those can be made practically automatic, the battle for simplified nomenclature will be won, for it is easily possible to form all super-generic names automatically. This being so, and opinion differing so multifariously with regard to the number and scope of such groups to be recognized, the question of authority and date for them becomes academic; in reality each reviser is his own authority. To (the stem of) the oldest generic name of any group of genera considered a desirable segregate, we need add only -ini for a tribe, -inae for a sub-family, -idae for a family, and -oidea for a super-family; for example, Cimex, Cimicini, Cimicinae, Cimicidae, Cimicoidea. Use of such names prevails in sys- tematic entomology now, the only innovation being full acknowl- edgment that these name forms are wholly standardized, and that any one can make them as needed. There being no originality in the names themselves it is immaterial who used them first... The composition of the groups covered by the names used by various authors is of interest but it can never ‘From this point of view the question of priority in family names ceases to be the controversial question it now is. A paper showing the difficulty or impossibility of determining priority among equally deserving but differ- ently formed family names appears in Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 11, No. 10, 1921, pp. 230-235. 76 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 4, APR., 1928 be gleaned from citation of name, authority, and date, but only from actual consultation of the memoirs involved. Differences in point of view as to the content of groups all the way from orders down to varieties are inevitable, as are also conflicts of opinion as to the identification of described groups and in some cases even as to priority among them. These sources of discord, however, affect the operation of all codes of nomenclature. This exception understood, the sug- gestions herein made for a nearly as possible automatic code of nomenclature are, we believe, only extensions of clearly visible trends in entomological taxonomy, and that if followed out they would rid the subject of some of the at present most disturbing factors. PHYLLOPHAGA MINUTISSIMA WOLCOTT, A CORRECTION. Through the error of the author in numbering the illustra- tions for his article entitled ‘“‘The May Beetles of Haiti,’ by GN. Wolcott, Proc. Ent: Soc. Wash., Web:,/1923> io iees the figure of P. hogardi Blanchard was published as the figure of P. minutissima Wolcott. Therefore figure 5, occurring on page 29 of that issue, should be transferred to page 26 and the figure printed below substituted in its place. Genetalia of Phyllophaga minutissima Wolcott. The figure printed on page 26 as P. hogardi should be deleted. — Editon Actual date of publication, May 29, 1928. Ga VOL. 30 MAY, 1928 No. 5 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON EANTHSONIAN INST/) UN CHITTENDEN, F. H.—DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF LIXUS FROM DHE sPACERIC REGION, OF TRHESUNEREDUSBATES 2.5 2 9. =% «| “« =< < « 90 CLAUSEN, CURTIS P.—THE MANNER OF OVIPOSITION AND THE PLAN- IDIUM OF SCHIZASPIDIA MANIPURENSIS N. SP. (HYMENOPTERA: RUCHARTDAE | O(c. 50-28-42) eC. co i et Rise chars Leo) DYAR, HARRISON G.—AMERICAN PSYCHODIDAE—II Gao ee Mes soit EWING, H. E.—A PRELIMINARY KEY TO THE LARVAE OF FIFTEEN SPECIES OF THE MITE GENUS TROMBICULA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF FOURGNEW SPECIES. “ie MeRReH fos 3 a. Sau er ah aahoee astuane 278 HEINRICH, CARL—A NEW APPLE MOTH FROM MANCHURIA (LEPIDOPTERA: Sin ee ae Oe we Oh gern PusiisHeED Montuiy Excepr Jury, AuGust AND SEPTEMBER BY THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON, D. C. Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D. C., under Act of August 24, 1912. Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized July 3, 1918. THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON OrcGanizED Marcu 12, 1884. The regular meetings of the Society are held in the National Museum on the first Thursday of each month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 P.M. Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00. Members are entitled to the ProceEDINGS and any manuscript submitted by them is given precedence over any submitted by non-members. OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1927. Honorary President. 2 . 2s 5 ss acs 5 1 «se > = » . EAD SCHWARZ President 2 eo chana w aoe SS ohn Be Se 2 6 ee A ESR EIrstiVicesPresident ae 0 3 i AE es ea eee) J. E. GRAF SCCONA CE PT eSiaent =) a Ea ara tn ee tk ce ee A. C. BAKER RECOV AINZ SCCTEIGIY 2 uta = vos eee «+ 8) 4 ee SP ESI Corresponding Secretary-Treasurer. .......... .S. A, ROHWER U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. Bai tor’ Re SRY A Serre Rene leon in OU et erence vw a We Re WALTON Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Executive Committee: THe Orricers and C. T. Greene, A. N. CAvuDeELt, T.-E. SNYDER: Representing the Society as a Vice-President of the Washington Academy of Schencese ' 6! a> EL Oe SN tie Ce ane) ane eae A. G. BOVING PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON. Published monthly, except July, August and September, by the Society at Washington, D. C. Terms of subscription: Domestic, $4.00 per annum; foreign, $4.25 per annum; recent single numbers, 50 cents, foreign postage extra. All subscriptions are payable in advance. Remittances should be made payable to the Entomological Society of Washington. An author of a leading article in the Proceepines will be given 10 copies of the number in which his article appears. Reprints without covers will be fur- nished at the following rates, provided a statement of the number desired accompanies the manuscript: 4 pp. 8 pp. 12 pp. 16 pp. 50 copies 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 100 copies 225 4.50 6.75 9.00 Certain charges are made for illustrations and there are available rules and suggestions governing the make-up of articles. Immediate publication in any number may be obtained at the author’s expense. All manuscripts should be sent to the Editor. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON VOL. 30 | MAY, 1928 Neuss A PRELIMINARY KEY TO THE LARVAE OF FIFTEEN SPECIES OF THE MITE GENUS TROMBICULA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF FOUR NEW SPECIES. H. E. Ew1ne, Bureau of Entomology. A key is here given to larvae of fifteen species of Trombicula, including all those that are in the United States National Museum. This key is entirely a preliminary one, and as other species are studied will doubtless need some modifications in regard to both the characters used and the category group- ings. Two of the four new species, whose descriptions follow the key, are from Africa, while the remaining two are from North America. Key to the Larvae of Fifteen Species of Trombicula. iepalpallclawsesimp)l coe eae ee LO ae: T. thomasi (Oudemans) Palpal claw not simple ___.. AOS FE cee Bhs Notts Ny ea am ae se 2 2. Palpal claw divided into two elements distally... 3 Palpal claw divided into three elements distally... 10 Ss. Outer element of palpal claw thetstouter 22. Soe es Ne 4 innerelement of palpal clawethe’stouter.2. 2808 U5 Ue See eile 6 4. First palpal seta (on palpal femur) simple peat oe T. panamensis Ewing Mins tpalpalisetacwiti one omimnoresoat Ss: see eee sen neeene nn omen 5 5. Inner prong, or element, of palpal claw almost equal to outer. T. irritans (Riley) Inner prong of palpal claw decidedly smaller than the outer T. brasiliensis Ewing Gmbitseipal pal, seta siinplement ste See 52 tee Be eet es tec te eis wie 7 Berstrpalpaleseta with panos: seek. cb et RE Oe ee 8 7. Palpal claw curved about uniformly throughout its length. Oriental SESS eR” eee Ce ne eau Cora SEE T. deliensis Walch Palpal claw more strongly curved toward tip of large inner prong. North PAITIE HIGHS PECICS =. seat ee ke eee |. ee a ene T. harperi, new species $.-Hirst palpaliseta with not more than three barbs... =) First palpal seta with more than four barbs... T. bruyanti (Cicleaee JeDorsaltabdominaltsetaestwentyes = ne T. hirsti Sambon Dorsal abdominal setae more than twenty. T. insularis Ewing 10. One of the two accessory prongs to the palpal claw much shorter than the other and situated at the base and laterally to the main claw element... T. nigeriensis, new species 78 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 5, MAY, 1928 Accessory prong not so arranged... __....- oe aera. ai eae Se ae ee 11 11. First: palpal seta with not more than twovbarbs..20. = ee 1. First palpal seta with more than'two barbs..2 2.0) 52.5.2) =.) = 13 12. With thirty-two or more dorsal abdominal setae. Occurring in Asia... T. akamushi (Brumpt) With less than thirty-two dorsal abdominal setae. Occurring in North Amen Gasneween cn ee ees Lee eee renee: T. microti, new species 13. Dorsal plate as long as broad and angulate posteriorly... 14 Dorsal plate not as long as broad and broadly rounded posteriorly... T. autumnalis (Shaw) 14. Body setae of usual size, being shorter than dorsal plate... T. centropodis, new species Body setae very long, longer than dorsal plate......... T. ardeae (Triigardh) Descriptions OF New SPECIES. Trombicula nigeriensis, new species. Palpi somewhat angulate on outside margin of the large second segment. First palpal seta with several barbs; second seta with one to two barbs. Palpal claw trifurcate; inner and middle element much stouter and longer than either accessory prong; dorso-lateral prong medium in length and stoutness between the other two; ventral accessory prong much the smallest and situated ventro- laterally at the base of the whole claw. Fang of chelicera somewhat attenuated toward the tip, and very sharp; dorso-apical tooth present, very sharp; ventral tooth apparently wanting. Dorsal plate much broader than long, posterior margin broadly and almost evenly rounded; pseudostigmata situated nearer the anterior margin of the plate than the posterior margin; pseudostigmatic organs flagelliform and each with several prongs, or barbs. Dorsal abdominal setae medium, over thirty in number. Anterior pair of legs longer than the second pair but not equal in length to the body of the unengorged larva. Length of unengorged larva, 0.31 mm.; width, 0.18 mm. Type host —Funisciurus auriculatus oliviae. Type locality —Nigeria, Africa. Type slide —Cat. No. 981, U. S. N. M. Described from many specimens taken by Dr. A. S. Pearse in Nigeria, from the following hosts: Funisciurus auriculatus aliviae (Nos. 39, 143 and 366), Funisciurus anerythrus (Nos. 408 and 364), Lemniscomys striatus (No. 397). The arrange- ment of the three prongs, or spurs, of the trifurcate palpal claw is the most distinguishing characteristic of this species. Trombicula centropodis, new species. Palpi not angulate laterally on the margins of large second segments; first palpal seta with several barbs; second palpal seta also with barbs. Palpal claw trifurcate, the accessory prongs arising from near the middle; inner ac- cessory prong longer than the outer and reaching almost to the tip of claw proper. Chelicera with stout fang, only slightly curved. Dorsal plate as long PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 5, MAY, 1928 79 ‘ as broad, front margin slightly incurved, posterior margin strongly arched out- wardly and forming an angle at the median line. Pseudostigmata situated near the middle of dorsal plate; pseudostigmatic organs very long, setiform, basal half simple, distal half with barbs. Eyes situated about one-half the width of the dorsal plate laterally from the margins of the same; front eyes almost twice the diameter of the hind ones. Dorsal abdominal setae twenty in number, medium in length and tapering toward their tips. Front pair of legs longer than the second pair and about equal in length to the body of the unengorged larva. Length of unengorged larva, 0.34 mm.; width, 0.23 mm. Type host.—Cuckoo, Centropus, sp. Type locality —Gbanga, Liberia, Africa. Type slide—Cat. No. 982, U. S. N. M. Described from several specimens taken from a _ cuckoo, Centropus sp. (No. 4) at Gbanga, Liberia, September 26, 1926. The dorsal shield of this species is of an unusual shape, being similar to that of T. ardeae (Tragardh). T. centropodos differs from this species in having much shorter body setae. Trombicula harperi, new species. Palpi evenly rounded on outside margin of large second segment. First palpal seta simple, never with as much as a single barb; second palpal seta also simple. Palpal claw divided into two elements distally, the inner being much the longer and stouter. Dorsal plate broader than long, front margin slightly and irregularly incurved, posterior margin very strongly outcurved, tending to produce a median angle; pseudostigmata situated nearer the posterior margin of dorsal plate than the front margin; pseudostigmatic organs flagelliform, with a row of small barbs on one side. Front and rear eyes subequal and both situated about their diameters laterally from posterior angles of dorsal plate. Dorsal abdominal setae twenty-six in number, moderate and somewhat blunt pointed. Anterior legs only very slightly longer than the second ones and not longer than the body of an unengorged larva. Length of unengorged larva, 0.28 mm.; width, 0.15 mm. Type host—Napacozapus insignis. Type locality —Heart Lake, Essex County, New York State. Type slide—Cat. No. 983, U. S. N. M. Specimens as follows: By F. Harper, at Adirondack Lodge, Essex County, New York, from Tamias striatus lysteri, July 21, 1925, and August 10, 1925; by F. Harper, Heart Lake, Essex County, New York, from Napaeozapus insignis, July 28 and August 1, 1926; by F. Harper, from Evotomys gapperi, Indian Lake, Hamilton County, New York, July 17, 1925, Heart Lake, Essex County, New York, July 23, 1926, Mt. MacIntyre, New York, July 27, 1925; by R. J. Holt, from Sciurus hudsonicus, Long Lake, New York, July 26 and August 1, 1926. 80 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 4, MAY, 1928 Trombicula microti, new species. Palpi not angulate laterally; first palpal seta simple, without as much as a single barb; second palpal seta simple. Palpal claw trifurcate, inner accessory prong slightly larger than outer. Fang of chelicera with a very sharp, back- wardly directed, ventro-lateral tooth and a smaller dorsal, subterminal tooth. Dorsal plate broader than long, front margin almost straight, posterior margin broadly and almost evenly outcurved. Pseudostigmata situated slightly behind the middle of dorsal plate; pseudostigmatic organs with a few barbs, all on one side. Eyes situated about their diameters away from the rear corners of dorsal plate; front eyes subequal to hind ones. Dorsal setae of abdomen moderate, about thirty innumber. First pair of legs barely longer than second, and scarcely as long as the body of an unengorged larva. Length of unengorged larva, 0.29 mm.; width, 0.18 mm. Type host.—Microtus richardsonit macropus. Type locality —Wyoming. Type slide—Cat. No. 984, U. S. N. M. Described from several specimens taken from type host at Gravel Creek, tributary of Pacific Creek, Lincoln County, Wy- oming, August 1S, TOD, by Or Je Murie, and one specimen taken from ears of Microtus modestus, Jackson County, Colo- rado, July 14, 1926, by S. C. McCampbell (Colo. Ace.. No. 4223). This species is very near the kedani mite, 7. akamushi (Brumpt), and probably is the American representative of that form. It has fewer dorsal setae than the kedani mite. THE MANNER OF OVIPOSITION AND THE PLANIDIUM OF SCHIZASPIDIA MANIPURENSIS N. SP. (HYMEN., EUCHARIDAE).! By Curtis P. Ciausen, Entomologist, Bureau of Entomology, U.S. Department of Agriculture. In 1923 the writer (2) published an account of the biology of Schizaspidia tenuicornis Ashm., parasitic upon the mature larvae and pupae of Camponotus in Japan. In the case of this species the eggs are laid en masse in the buds of certain decidu- ous trees and the winter is passed in that condition. The planidia which continue the generation are from eggs enclosed in buds which die during the winter. These buds, therefore, do not expand at the time growth starts in the spring but gradually dry out, the scales then separating sufficiently to permit of the later escape of the planidia. An opportunity was recently presented of observing the habits of another eucharid near Imphal, Manipur State, Assam, India. Specimens referred to Mr. A. B. Gahan of the Bureau 1Contribution No. 41 of the Japanese Beetle Laboratory, Moorestown, N. J. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 5, MAY, 1928 81 of Entomology were determined as a new species of Schizaspidia, which is here described by the writer under the name of Schiz- aspidia a RHE aie This species was first observed in Sep- tember, 1926, when several individuals were seen flying about the foliage of various shrubs in a lightly forested area. A more intensive search of the locality finally resulted in the finding of several females ovipositing in the large and loosely formed buds of Flamingia latifolia var. grandiflora. Unlike tenutcornts, however, manipurensis deposits its mass of eggs under the outer scales rather than in the interior of the bud. Collections were made of buds of this shrub at random, and a considerable proportion were found to contain eggs. An extended examination of the nests of various species of ants in the immediate locality failed to yield any evidence of para- sitism such as was found in collections early in May, 1927. Oviposition takes place much after the manner of S. tenui- cornis. The eggs, about one thousand in number, are all in- serted under the bud scale at one operation, a process covering a period of twenty or thirty minutes. A surprising amount of force is employed by the female at this time, as the space beneath the bud scale is frequently too small to accommodate that number of eggs without pressure. In one instance a ribbon of eggs 2.5 mm. in length and 1 mm. in width was seen to be forced out from beneath the edge of the scale at a dis- tance of 2 mm. from the point of insertion of the ovipositor. The egg masses collected in September, 1926, were taken to Shillong, the writer’s headquarters at that time, and set aside for supposed hibernation. Upon examination two weeks later, a number of planidia were observed moving about among the eggs. All of the eggs hatched within a period of three weeks even under the relatively low temperature conditions prevailing at Shillong in October. It is probable that under the climatic conditions existing during that season of the year at the lower elevations this stage Bie extend over a period not exceeding two weeks. It was possible, because of more material being available, to make a closer examination of the habits of the planidia of S. manipurensis than was the case with fenuicornis in Japan. Because of their minute size they are indistinguishable to the naked eye even upon a white surface. Under the binocular they were observed to move about readily in a looping manner, the sucker-like organ of the last abdominal segment and the mouth serving alternately to maintain a hold upon the surface. When in a resting position the body remains nearly horizontal with the surface, but when awaiting the approach of the host it is at right angles to the plane of attachment, with the caudal sucker functioning and the terminal abdominal segments braced by the long ventral spines (see fig. I, C.). 82 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 5, MAY, 1928 In this stage the larvae are positively phototropic and move rapidly towards the source of light. This reaction under normal conditions would tend to bring them largely to the upper sides of the leaves and buds, in which position the chances of coming in contact with the host are enhanced. They readily attach themselves to any object which comes in contact with them, in fact seem able to sense the presence of moving objects in their neighborhood, as the placing of a bristle or needle in their immediate vicinity always results in increased activity and a swaying of the body back and forth as though endeavoring to find the moving object. The chances of the planidium becoming attached to the adult of the host species and being transported to the nest are largely dependent upon the length of time it is able to exist in this mobile stage without feeding. Experiments in the laboratory upon this point gave twenty-four days as the maximum length of life possible without food. In the case of S. fenuicornis it was shown that the trans- formation from the planidium to the second larval stage oc- curred while the host was still in the larval stage, and that transference of the parasite from the cast skin to the host pupa took place in the parasite’s second larval stage. With manipurensis, however, sach experiments as were possible indi- cate that this change of position 1s accomplished by the planid- ium itself. Individuals of this stage were placed upon a series of ten mature larvae of Camponotus which had already formed cocoons and consequently were approaching transformation to pupae. Attachment took place invariably in the thoracic regions, usually dorsally, and feeding progressed until the moulting of the host, though without noticeable increase in size. ‘The change in position was observed in each case under the binoculars, and it was seen that, as the larval skin of the host was split dorsally and was drawn backwards over the body of the propupa, the planidium was for a time carried with it. The point of previous feeding had produced a well- defined hole in the derm of the host, and as this was stretched successively over the spaces between the legs and between the thorax and abdomen the aperture became enlarged and the planidium dropped through upon the propupa beneath. In nine out of the ten cases observed the transfer took place in this way, while the tenth planidium maintained its attachment to the cast skin. The early hatching previously mentioned was a development entirely unlooked for, as it had been anticipated that develop- ment would follow much the course of that of S. enuicornis. While the host was not known it was felt that, because of the size of the parasite, one of the several species of Camponotus would most probably fill this rdle. Laboratory nests were made, PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 5, MAY, 1928 83 and colonies of two of these secured, as well as of several other genera of sufficient size, and one to four planidia of S. mani- purensis placed upon each of four hundred or more mature larvae. They were observed to attach themselves to the host quite readily, usually in the thoracic regions. These over- wintering cages were then set aside for development and obser- vation. Some of the planidia upon Camponotus larvae remained alive and healthy, though without apparent growth, until April 1, 1927, a period of nearly six months from the time of hatching and attachment to the host larvae. The Camponotus and other ant larvae upon which planidia had been placed formed their cocoons early in the spring, but not a single Schizaspidia developed beyond the primary stage. The life history studies were thus brought to a close and it was not possible to secure specimens of the latter larval stages for examination. ] From these experiments, and from such observations as it was possible to make in the field, it appears that S. manipurensis must have several generations each year, and that the winter is passed in the primary larval stage upon the host rather than in the egg stage in the buds of trees. Although the above experiments did not prove this latter point conclusively, the known very short duration of the succeeding stages in related species makes this course of development the most probable. Fig. 1.—Schizaspidia manipurensis DEscRIPTIONS OF THE EGG AND PLANIDIUM. The body of the egg proper is 0.17 mm. in length and 0.08 mm. in maximum width, with the stalk 0.15 mm. in length. The ventral side of the egg is nearly flat, with the dorsum greatly arched and the anterior end quite pointed (Fig. 1, A). The egg is white when laid but later becomes a jet black due to the developing larva within. The stalk remains turgid at all times until hatching. 84 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 5, MAY, 1928 The planidium (Fig. 1, B and C) is twelve-segmented, the length when fully extended 0.16 mm., when resting 0.12 mm. and with the maximum width 0.06 mm. The body is jet black by reflected light and a deep amber by trans- mitted light, with the head capsule slightly lighter in color than the body. A single pair of spiracles is situated at the anterior margin of the first thoracic seg- ment. The head bears two pairs of light spots dorsally, which may represent sen- soria. The mouthparts with a sucker-like disk and the usual comma-shaped mandibles. The posterior margin slightly emarginate. The body segments with chitinized plates, which extend ventrally and terminate in pleural plates, the tips of which are prolonged into a point ex- tending caudad, these points increasing in length upon the successive segments. The first body segment much the longest, with the remainder subequal. The caudal segment bearing a sucker-like disk, which is ambulatory in function. Five pairs of heavy ventral spines are situated on the third thoracic and the second, fifth, seventh, and eighth abdominal segments, respectively, the first pair being shortest and the third longest. The third and fourth pairs serve as braces for the body when in the upright position. In this position the ventral surface of the body between the ventral margins of the chitinized plates is dis- tinctly convex, the extrusion of the head and mouthparts apparently neces- sitating a pronounced constriction of the body segments. ComMPARISON OF THE PLANIDIUM WitH THAT or OrHEeR EUCHARIDAE AND PERILAMPIDAE. The planidium of Perilampus hyalinus and P. chrysopae var. are well known through the studies of H. S. Smith (4, 5) and several of undetermined relationship have been recorded from various hosts. Of the Eucharidae, they have been described for Orasema viridis Ashm. by W. M. Wheeler (6), Psz/ogaster fasctiventris Brues by C. T. Brues (1), Schizaspidia tenutcornis Ashm. by the writer (2) and recently that of Sti/bula cynipiformis Rossi by H. L. Parker and W. R. Thompson (3). In the cases of Stilbula and Psilogaster the descriptions are from cast skins only. A comparison of the planidia of these species as well as of a number presumably belonging to the Perilampidae show a fundamental similarity in structure, with the variations within each family as great as that which separates the two. In both groups a marked difference occurs in the form of the pleural plates and the teeth and spines borne by them. The number of body segments seems to be quite variable with P. hyalinus and several other perilampids having thirteen, P. chrysopae var. twelve, Orasema viridis fourteen, Psilogaster fasctiventris twelve, Stilbula synipiformis nine, Schizaspidia tenuicornis nine and S. manipurensis twelve segments. From what is known of the primary larvae of the Chalcidoidea in general, thirteen may be taken to represent the normal number. The planidia of both families have the characteristic looping PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 5, MAY, 1928 85 manner of locomotion and stand in an erect position when awaiting the approach of the host. In the case of the Euchari- dae the planidia attach themselves to the worker ants and are thus carried to the larvae in the,nests, whereas Peri/ampus upon its first attachment has reached its goal, though still, when in the réle of a secondary, under the necessity of search- ing about through the body of the secondary host for the para- site larva which it attacks. OvIPOSITION IN THE EuCHARIDAE AND PERILAMPIDAE. In the single case in which oviposition by Perilampus (chrys- opae var.) has been observed (Smith, 5) this took place upon foliage in the immediate vicinity of the host, and the eggs hatched in approximately twenty days. Schizaspidia tenut- cornis deposits its eggs en masse in the buds of trees, wherein they pass the winter, while S. manipurensis on the contrary places its mass of eggs under the outer bud scales, and these hatch in two to three weeks. Thus in the latter case a closer approach to the habit of Perilampus is presented, both as to position and to duration of the stage, and it is probable that further forms will be found which will tend to bridge the gap separating the two families. Of interest in this connection is the recent note by W. M. Wheeler (7) recording the observation by W. M. Mann of the mating of Orasema sp. in the nests of Pheidole sp. in Lower California, which is believed by Dr. Wheeler to support the theory of oviposition within the nest. In 1923 the writer collected a number of females of Orasema sp. upon vegetation at Mukden, Manchuria, but an extended search failed to reveal oviposition upon plants. The point at which this species was found most abundantly was more than one hundred yards distant from the nearest trees or shrubs. Unfortunately the limited time available made an extended search for ovipositing females impossible. An examination of the ovipositors of various species of Orasema in the collection of the United States National Museum reveals them as having this organ heavy, curved and strongly barbed, thus fitting them for penetration of bud scales or other plant tissue. Schizaspidia manipurensis, n. sp. This species differs from S\. fenuicornis Ashm. in the uniform pitting of the parapsides and episternum, the presence of a pubescence on the thorax, the heavy longitudinal striations on the petiole of the abdomen, and the presence of hairs uni- formly over the costal cell of the fore- -wing. More closely related to S. convergens Walk. from Ceylon, but separable by the striations on the petiole. 86 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 5, MAY, 1928 Male.—Length 4.5-5.0 mm., and alar expanse 11-12 mm. Head, thorax, coxae and petiole of abdomen metallic green in color, the abdomen black, the antennae brownish with the basal segments yellowish, and the legs yellowish. Head three times wider than long, the post-ocellar line equaling the ocell-ocu- lar line, face with fine longitudinal striations, the front smooth, with the vertex, occiput and between the eyes and the scrobes rugose. Antennal scrobes deep. Antennae 12-segmented, 5.0 mm. in length and filiform, scape twice longer than wide, pedicel as wide as long, first flagellar joint longest. Thorax foveopunctate, including parapsides and episternum, and with a sparse, fine white pubescence. The bifurcate scutellum with the prongs short, flat and broad. Fore-wing 4.2 mm. in length and 1.5 mm. in width, with the veins in the ratio of 3:2:1. Stigmal vein at right angles to the marginal, with the terminal knob very small. Costal cell broad and uniformly hairy. A very slight darkening in color in the region beneath the stigmal vein. The abdomen compressed, triangular, and with only two visible segments. The petiole equal in length to the rest of the abdomen and to the hind femora, with pronounced striations extending the full length, and not dilated at the middle. Female.—\ength 4.5 mm., and alar expanse 10.5 mm. Head, thorax, coxae and petiole of abdomen metallic blue-green in color, the abdomen black, with the posterior margins of the segments brownish. Petiole of abdomen shorter than the hind femora. Ovipositor barbed on the distal half. Other characters as in the male. Type locality —Imphal, Manipur State, Assam, India. Type.—Cat. No. 40973, U. S. N. M. Described from 5 males and 1 female (antennae broken) collected by C. P. Clausen, October, 1926. LITERATURE CITED. 1. Bruges, C. T. 1919. A New Chalcid-fly Parasitic on the Australian Bull- dog Ant. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 12, pp. 13-20, illus. . CLausen, Curtis P. 1923. The Biology of Schizaspidia tenuicornis Ashm., a Eucharid Parasite of Camponotus. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 16, pp. 195- 217, illus. 3. Parker, H. L. and W. R. THompson. 1925. Notes on the Larvae of the Chalcidoidea. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 18, pp. 384-398, illus. 4. SmirH, Harry S. 1912. The Chalcidoid Genus Perilampus and its Rela- tion to the Problem of Parasite Introduction. U.S. D.A., Tech. Ser. 19, Pt. 4, pp. 33-69, illus. 1917. The Habit of Leaf-oviposition among the Parasitic Hymenoptera. Psyche, 24, 3, pp. 63-68, illus. 6. WHeeLer, W. M. 1907. The Polymorphism of Ants, with an Account of Some Singular Abnormalities due to Parasitism. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 23, pp. 1-93, illus. 1927. Les Sociétés d’insectes. Paris. P.47. 468 pp., illus. nN PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 5, MAY, 1928 87 AMERICAN PSYCHODIDAE—II (DIPTERA). By Harrison G. Dyar. Psychoda nigra Banks. (Plate 4). Psychoda nigra Banks, Can. Ent., xxvi, 331, 1894 (@). Psychoda bicolor Banks, Can. Ent., xxvi, 333, 1894 (7). Psychoda bicolor (Banks) Aldrich, Cat. N. A. Dipt., 106, 1905. Psychoda nigra (Banks) Aldrich, Cat. N. A. Dipt., 107, 1905. Psychoda bicolor (Banks) Haseman, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xxxiii, 314, 1907. Psychoda nigra (Banks) Haseman, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xxxiii, 314, 1907. Psychoda nigra (Banks) Banks, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., viii, 149, 1907. Psychoda nigra (Banks) Johnson, List, 45, 1925. Maruina nigra (Banks) Dyar, Ins. Ins. Mens., xiv, 111, 1926. Psychoda nigra was described from a female, P. bicolor from a male. The sexual difference consists in that the male has white hair on the thorax instead of dark, and the basal part of the wing bears elongate scales (Fig. 4) intermixed with the hairs, giving a thickly scaled appearance. The aspect of the two sexes is therefore quite different and has led to their sepa- rate description. The antennae (Fig. 1, female, 2, male) are 16-jointed in both sexes; but the last joint is more or less dis- tinctly double and is followed by a “spike,” so that probably the antennae should be called 18-jointed The male hypopyg- ium (Fig. 3) has the upper appendages large, fringed with irregular and more or less widened hairs the whole length of the under side. Lower appendages two-jointed, basal joint short and stout, apical joint narrow and excavate claw-like at tip. There is an elliptical plate from base with notched tip, and a pair of long curved horns arising on either side of it. A “type” specimen of dicolor (paratype?) is before me, kindly presented by Dr. Banks, and also specimens of bicolor and of nigra, both determined by Banks. Localities are: “N. Y.” (N. Banks); Washington, D. C., August 25, —; September 23, 1909; May 22, 1914 (F. Knab); Cabin John Bridge, Maryland, May 16 and August 22, 1909 (F. Knab); Plummers Island, Maryland, July 26, 1909 (F. Knab); Falls Church, Virginia, May 7, — (N. Banks); Glencarlyn, Virginia, May 9, 1909 (F. Knab); Lafayette, Indiana, August 31, 1917 (J. M. Aldrich). Psychoda marginalis Banks. Psychoda marginalis Banks, Can. Ent., xxvi, 333, 1894 (<7). Psychoda marginalis (Banks) Johnson, Ent. News, x, 220, 1899. Psychoda marginalis (Banks) Aldrich, Cat. N. A. Dipt., 106, 1905. Psychoda apicalis Banks, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., viii, 150, 1906 ( 2). Psychoda marginalis (Banks) Haseman, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xxxiii, 311, 1907. Pericoma orillia Curran, Can. Ent., lvi, 218, 1924 (¢@). 88 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 5, MAY, 1928 Psychoda varitarsis Curran, Can. Ent., lvi, 220, 1924. (7). Pericoma apicalis (Banks) Dyar, Ins. Ins. Mens., xiv, 149, 1926. This species shows a sexual dimorphism, much less marked than in wzigra, but still sufficient so that Banks and Curran each described the sexes separately. The male has the tarsi more yellowish than in the female, although this is not always apparent; there are elliptical black scales on the basal part of the wing intermixed with the hairs, and a long black patch on the inner margin, absent in the female. Nevertheless the sexes are in general similar, the male perhaps with more erect white hairs toward base of wing, so that it seems less black than the female. Differs from migra in the apical white wing-fringe. Antennae with the structure of zzgra (Figs. 1 and 2). Male hypopygium also similar to that of zzgra, the upper appendages with thickened hairs only on the outer half, the basal ones being less distinctly thickened. Second joint of lower append- ages longer, mesially constricted, and with shorter terminal finger. Tee sitice before me are: Megantic, Quebec, June 18, 1923 (C. H. Curran, paratype of varitarsis); Orillia, Ontario, June 26, 1926 (C. H. Curran, determined as ori/lia); Orono, Maine, June (Cornell University Collection); Franconia, New Hamp- shire (Mrs. A. T. Slosson); Long Island, New York (N. Banks, type of marginalis); National Park, New Jersey, May 6, 1905 (———); Cuyhuga Falls, Ohio (W. V. Warner); Plummers Island, Maryland, May 10, 1905 (Barber & Schwarz); Falls Church, Virginia, May 3, — (N. Banks). Psychoda interdicta, new species. A small brownish gray species, entirely dark mouse-gray without markings. Antennae similar in the sexes (Fig. 5), 16-jointed; basal joint slightly widened, second spherical, third to thirteenth with basal enlargements and long necks with whorls of long hair; last three joints small, well separated, the sixteenth joint with a thick terminal spike. Male hypopygium (Fig. 6) with the upper ap- pendages on a large separated basal plate, each with a single terminal filament, haired except at tip. Lower appendages separated, small, the basal Joints short and semi-consolidated; terminal joints transversely pointed and weakly haired on upper side. Lower free vein terminating in tip of wing (Fig. 7). Fifteen specimens of both sexes, Ithaca, New York, September 5, 1916 (__. }) received from Professor O. A. Johannsen of Cornell University. Eight speci- mens have been returned to the Cornell University collection. Type —No. 40516, U.S. Nat. Mus. The description of Pyschoda uniformata Haseman might apply to this species except that he describes the antennae as 15-jointed. Furthermore the male of uniformata is unknown, and may prove to be different. PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30 PLATE 4 DYAR—PSYCHODIDAE. EXPLANATION OF PLATE Fig. 1 Female; Fig. 2 male antennae; Fig. 3 male hypopygium; Fig. 4 wing of P. nigra.; Fig. 5 antenna; Fig. 6 male hypopygium; Fig. 7 wing tip of P. interdicta. 90, PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 5, MAY, 1928 DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF LIXUS FROM THE PACIFIC REGION OF THE UNITED STATES (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE). By F. H. Cuirrenven, Bureau of Entomology, Department of Agriculture. Lixus blakeae, n. sp. Robust subcylindrical, about two and three-fifths times as long as wide; black with reddish tinge, prothorax shining black, antennae red, tibiae and tarsi reddish; surface very densely coated with gray squamules, with reddish yellow hue. Rostrum robust, not longer than the prothorax, cylindrical, feebly ar- cuate, not distinctly carinate, finely and very densely punctate; interocular fovea distinct, elongate. Antennae @ inserted about one-fourth from apex; second funicular joint slender, slightly longer than first, a little longer than the next two together. Eyes large, prominent, widest at vertex, rather coarsely granulated. Prothorax nearly as long as wide, comparatively wide at apex, sides nearly straight, disc shining black, with moderately large punctures, sparsely set and interspersed with fine punctules, very closely set; at middle widely, variably sulcate, at base especially deep and with an impressed line also at middle; surface with a few slight asperities, covered with fine long pilose squamules, becoming dense in the sulcus and at the sides. Elytra at base very little wider than the prothorax, sides subparallel in basal two-thirds; discal striae nearly regularly punctate at base, punctures of moderate size, less regu- larly set and, when covered with natural coating, not so well defined at extreme apex, at sides closely placed; apices distinctly but not strongly divergent; sur- face with much denser vestiture composed of short, pale gray squamules, mottled with nearly white areas of squamules interspersed. Pygidium strongly, evenly rounded at apex, coated with dark yellow recumbent hairs. Ventral surface, including legs, with fine elongate pubescence, of abdominal segments and metathorax rather strongly ocellate. Metasternum with linear impression at middle. Rostrum @ a little shorter than prothorax. | First ventral segment feebly convex at middle. Rostrum o slighter, shorter than 9. First ventral segment feebly and narrowly concave at middle. Length 8.5-13.0 mm.; width 3.2-4.0 mm. Type 9 Cat. No. 28821, U. S. National Museum, type, allo- type, and 135 paratypes in National Museum; 4 paratypes in the Canadian National collection, Ottawa, Canada, 4 in the University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kans., and 48 in the collec- tion of the author. Reared by Mrs. D. H. Blake, for whom it is named, from the stems of Polygonum muhlenbergii in October, also collected by Piper on the same plant in July. Closely related to terminalis, from which it differs as follows: Much more robust with stouter rostrum, apex of pronotum a little wider; elytra as a rule less distinctly bisinuate, with vesti- ture dense throughout. The elytral striae with their natural PROG. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 5, MAY, 1928 91 coating are not so well defined at the apex, but when the coating is removed the difference is not so apparent. There is little apparent difference in the rostrum in the sexes, whereas in terminalis the female organ is noticeably longer and more slender. The pygidium also agrees in the sexes. L. terminalis averages a little smaller, although ranging fron 8.5 mm. occa- sionally to 11.0 mm. Stanford University, Calif., August, 1927 (Mrs. D. H. Blake); Stratford, Wash., August 25, 1923 (M. C. Lane); Wahawai, Wash. (C. V. Piper); Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada (F. S. Carr); Montana. With a large series of specimens for study this species dis- plays great variability. In many partially denuded individuals the pronotum is seen to be very strongly, widely, and very irregularly sulcate. In some specimens from Washington the elytra are black. Fresh specimens taken in the field at Strat- ford, Wash., are as a rule darker in color, with the elytra more strongly mottled. The vestiture is intact, whereas in the case of reared specimens that have been immersed with others in alcohol or roughly handled the vestiture is apt to be more or less abraded. A single specimen is nearly covered with bright yellow pollinose coating. At the apex of the rostrum there is frequently a more or less indistinctly impressed line, probably normal but sometimes obsolete or wanting. A NEW APPLE MOTH FROM MANCHURIA (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE). By Carv Hetnricnu, U.S. Bureau of Entomology. The following species has been received by the Bureau of Entomology from Mr. A. Shino of the Kwantung Agricultural Experiment Station, who states that it is a very bad pest on the fruits of apple and Crataegus in China Grapholitha inopinata, new species. Palpus pale fuscous, sordid whitish beneath and on inner side. Head, thorax and fore wing brown with several of the scales on fore wing tipped with whitish ocherous, the pale scale ends showing (under magnification) as a fine, regularly lined, whitish ocherous dusting, especially noticeable on middle near dorsum and in outer area below costa; costa with seven or eight short whitish dashes (the first five or six broken into pairs by a median dark line and the basal one very obscure); between these the brown color extends in rather long streaks unshaded by pale scaling; from the first white streak beyond middle an obscure leaden-blue metallic line slants outwardly to end of cell and thence vertically to dorsum, forming the inner bar of the obscure ocelloid patch; a similar sub- parallel leaden line extends from the third white costal dash from apex; between these two metallic bands are a couple of obscure black dots just below costa and 92 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 5, MAY, 1928 a row of four strong black dots paralleling termen and occupying the ocellar area; near apex another small black dot; termen with a slight notch below apex; cilia pale, shining, semimetallic brownish fuscous. Hind wing concolorous with fore wing; cilia paler, with a dark basal band; veins 3 and 4 connate. Genitalia figured from male type and female paratype. Male abdominal tufts consisting of short, broad, flattened scales. Alar expanse 9.5 -10.5 mm. iype. Cat: No. 40787402 Se Nae Type locality. ‘Kinshu, South Manchuria, China. Food plant.—Apple, Crataegus. Described from male type and two male and two female para- types, all from the type locality and dated August 4, 1927. Similar in general appearance to the European G. roseticolana Zeller but with quite different genitalia. Genitalia of Grapholitha inopinata, new species A= female. B=male. Actual date of publication, fune 16, 1928. See Oe a? VOL. 30 JUNE, 1928 No. 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON CALLIMERUS ARCUFER CHAPIN OF THE BEETLE CAUDELL, A. N.—ON THE SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF THE ORTHOPTEROUS GENERA CNEMOTETTIX CAUDELL AND PHOBEROPUS SAUSSURE & LCT 18) cis alte kes) ROMP oA tc ss un") kl MR ee dt LOS DYAR, HARRISON G.—A NECESSITY FOR TAXONOMIC WORKERS... . . 102 DYAR, HARRISON G.—WATER BEARING PLANTS OF PANAMA WHICH HAR- BOR MOSQUITOES, WITH A NEW SPECIES OF WYEOMYIA (DIPTERA; GUIETCIDAE) eet sc Arce yom RRMER fc CRA ie oe uae Difi() HEINRICH, CARL—A NEW LASPEYRESIA FROM FLORIDA (LEPIDOPTERA: GUREGEINEUMIDAE) is. Sy. «meen AM Gooch oc. 6) os) 2 apes ys ae ater OO MALLOCH, J. R.—THREE NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS PEDINASPIS (HY- MENOLTERAMPSAMMOCHARIDAP)EM = << « « « i «+ a) qeeeieiue (cueemallOO SMITH, M. R.—PLASTOPHORA CRAWFORDI COQ. AND PLASTOPHORA SPAT- ULATA MALLOCH (DIPTERA: PHORIDAE), PARASITIC ON _ SOLE- NOESISIGE MIN AGA -HABRe mewn a. so se US re) ay MMR neL nls, op lS PusiisHeD MontHiy Excepr Jury, Aucust AND SEPTEMBER BY THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON, D. C. Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D. C., under Act of August 24, 1912. Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized July 3, 1918. THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON OrcanizeD Marcu 12, 1884. The regular meetings of the Society are held in the National Museum on the first Thursday of each month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 Pp. M. Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00. Members are entitled to the ProceepiNnGs and any manuscript submitted by them is given precedence over any submitted by non-members. OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1927. EV OnGraryeP resident 02.52) 2s Sa eee ae ee E. A. SCHWARZ IPHESIDENTE © “decRk & cee eae op eA) eee ee S. A. ROHWER RarstWice=Presidents «5 ss aux rn eS Fee) cs ae J. E. GRAF SeconaW 1ce-President™. (G0. has 5 ss: + Mote eee Oe A. C. BAKER Recording Secretaty.c ne Seo 1 ea ee J: Sa WADE Corresponding Secretary-Treasurer. .......... .5. A. ROHWER U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. EGHOP 0 a 6s a eho PR eee ee eee W. R. WALTON Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Executive Committee: THe Orricers and C. T, Greene, A. N. CaubeELt, T., E. Snyper. Representing the Society as a Vice-President of the Washington Academy of aT 12 pa Se ae cers) Stee ence tees a Gch on) A, G, BOVING PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON. Published monthly, except July, August and September, by the Society at Washington, D. C. Terms of subscription: Domestic, $4.00 per annum; foreign, $4.25 per annum; recent single numbers, 50 cents, foreign postage extra. All subscriptions are payable in advance. Remittances should be made payable to the Entomological Society of Washington. An author of a leading article in the ProceepinGs will be given 10 copies of the number in which his article appears. Reprints without covers will be fur- nished at the following rates, provided a statement of the number desired accompanies the manuscript: 4 pp. 8 pp. 12 pp. 16 pp. 50 copies 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 100 copies 2225 4.50 6.75 9.00 Certain charges are made for illustrations and there are available rules and suggestions governing the make-up of articles. Immediate publication in any number may be obtained at the author’s expense. All manuscripts should be sent to the Editor. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON VOL. 30 JUNE, 1928 Non THE LARVAE OF ENOCLERUS LECONTEI WOLCOTT AND CALLIMERUS ARCUFER CHAPIN, OF THE BEETLE FAMILY CLERIDAE. By Apa G. Bovina. The subsequent descriptions and figures deal with two clerid larvae, not described in former papers by A. B. Champlain and myself, treating on clerid larvae,! namely, the larva of Enoclerus lecontei Wolcott (= Thanasimus nigriventris LeConte) from the western and middle western parts of the United States and Callimerus arcufer Chapin from the Fiji Islands. Enoclerus lecontei Wolcott. (= Thanasimus nigriventris LeConte auctt.; Enoclerus nigriventris (LeConte), preoccupied.) (Plate 5, Figs. 1-11.) Material in U. S. Nat. Mus., Washington, D. C., 1s as fol- > b] > } lows: A.—Marked “Hopk. U.S. 16809d, 1-5; in yellow pine, Pinus ponderosa; predacious on Dendroctonus brevicomis; Northfork, Calif., collected and reared by H. L. Person, U. S. Bur. of Ent.” In jar containing 1.—One hatching larva inside of eggshell, 2.—Two mature larvae one of which is preserved in the cell made for pupation, 3.—One pupa in pupal cell, 4.—One reared imago with cast larval and pupal skins, 5.—Four reared imagines. B.—Marked “Hopk. U. S. 16312 B; Aug. 7—1919; in Pinus ponderosa; from Ips galleries; Coeur d’Alene, Idaho, collected and reared by T. C. Evenden, U: S. Bur. of Ent.” In vial 11920. Boéving, A. G. and Champlain, A. B.—Larvae of North American beetles of the family Cleridae in Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 57, No. 2323, p. 575-649. (On pp. 629-630 the seasonal history and biology of the species in question is treated by A. B. Champlain.) 1922. Béving, A. G. and Champlain, A. B.—The larva of the North Ameri- can beetle Zenodosus sanguineus Say in Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 24, pp. 9-10. 94 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 6, JUNE, 1928 containing two larvae, one of which is dissected and mounted on two sides, kept in the collection of slides, U. S. Nat. Mus. C.—Marked “Hopk. U.S. 13361; Aug. 13—1917; in galllefies of Dendroctonus brevicomis in Pinus ponderosa; Ashland, Oregon, collected by A. W. Wagner.” One specimen mounted on slide, kept in U.S. Nat. Mus. D.—Marked “Hopk. U.S. 15776b; Pinus; Ashland, Oregon.” One cast skin. Mature larva (described from the larvae marked above as “B’’) (Fig. 8). Total length of body about 11 mm., extreme width about 2 mm. Corneous parts of head capsule and prothoracic and pygidial shields shining, reddish brown; the more thinly chitinized parts, namely, the meso- and meta- thoracic plates and the legs, more yellowish; membranous parts unicolorous and pink, ventrally paler. Setae reddish or pale yellowish, moderately long, delicate, often silky; par- ticularly numerous on the chitinous parts, the sides of the body, and the fleshy portion of the ninth abdominal segment. Frons (Fig. 1) finely aciculate anteriorly with a few small pits each with a seta at the bottom; median carina indicated in the posterior two-thirds of frons by a dark line. Epicranium with dorsal surface finely, mostly crosswise aciculate, without protuberances and rugosities. Ocelli on each side five, rather small, all of the same size and arranged in two subparallel, upward and back- ward directed rows, anterior row with three, posterior with two ocelli. Antenna (Fig. 1) with the length of basal, second, and apical joints proportioned about as four, to one, to one, supplementary appendix half as long as apical joint. Mandible (Fig. 3) with retinaculum well developed, rounded, about as wide at base as high, located near middle of inner margin; inner margin between reti- naculum and top of mandible somewhat expanded, thin and leaf-like; concavity on the ventral side completely exposed; two setae exteriorly placed. Ventral mouthparts (Fig. 2) moderately large, with length of maxilla from end of palpus to articulating corner of cardo in proportion to galea about as one to one. Galea digitiform, carrying well developed setae and a tactile papilla at the outer end of a curved tube-like canal, not much wider than the base of the papilla; maxillary palpus three-jointed with basal, second, and apical joints proportioned about as two, to one, to one; palpiger low, broad, with a semi- annular chitinization, and two setae. Submentum (Fig. 2) with a square chitinization between the cardines, and having a pair of short setae. Labial palpus (Fig. 2) two-jointed; joints about of the same length as the second and terminal joints of the maxillary palpus. Prothoracic sternal plate (Fig. 2) lanceolate. Meso- and metathoracic dor- sal plates (Fig. 8) distinct. Legs of moderate size. Abdomen with intersegmental membranes forming narrow rings; dorsal ampullae absent. Pygidial plate slightly shorter than frons, a trifle wider than long. Uro- gomphi (Figs. 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11) in proportion to the middle line of the pygidial plate about as long as one to one and one-half, corniform, terminally bent toward the sagittal line, rugose, somewhat swollen near apex; apex recurved and slightly contracted. i PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 6, JUNE, 1928 95 Spiracles (Fig. 7) present in mesothorax and first to eighth abdominal seg- ments; all bifore with annualr mouthpiece and a pair of short, finger-shaped tubes, pointing toward the hind end of the body. Taxonomic comments: A. B. Wolcott (in “Field Museum of Natural History, publi- cation 144, Zool. series; vol. VII, No. 10, 1910; p. 359’) states for the imagines that “it seems probable that Thanasimus will have to give way to Clerus, as some known species seem to bridge over the generic differences. The name “/griventris is preoccupied in Clerus by C. nigriventris Blanchard * * *, Should the species be reassigned to the genus Clerus, the specific name of /econtei is suggested for it.” In a later paper by the same author (in “Transactions of the American Entomological Society, vol. XLVIII, pp. 67-78, 1922’’) the following remark occurs on page 68: “Enoclerus lecontei Wolcott (nigriventris LeConte, preoccupied).”’ According to the characters of the larva, Wolcott is right that the species can not be placed with the species of Thanasimus of which the larvae are known, namely, T. formicarius Linnaeus, T. dubius Fabricius and T. repandus Horn. In these species the urogomphi are cylindrical, rather slender, distally not swollen and with recurved but not contracted apex. In Enoclerus larvae, however, the urogomphi are either conical with slightly recurved apex or subcylindrical and distally either slightly or much swollen and with apex either slightly or abruptly and strongly contracted. In Eno- clerus nigripes Say the urogomphi are subcylindrical, distally somewhat swollen, and apex slightly contracted exactly as in the here-described larva of Enoclerus lecontei, and the only conspicuous difference between the urogomphi of these two species is that they are about as long as the longitudinal middle line of the pygidial plate in nigripes, but, as described above, considerably shorter in /econte?z. Thus this character of the larva indicates not only that the species in question can not be placed in the genus Thanasimus (of which, however, we only know the larvae of three species) but must be considered as a distinct species of Exoclerus and hardly can be considered even as a “bridging form” between the two genera. Callimerus arcufer Chapin. (Plate 6, Figs. 12-30.) The material in U. S. Nat. Mus. as follows: 'Wrongly determined by nearly all writers—Béving and Champlain included —as E. guadriguttatus Olivier, whose occurrence, within the faunal limits of North America, according to Wolcott, “is so extremely doubtful that it would be better removed from our lists.” 96 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 6, JUNE, 1928 1.—One vial with three larvae in first stage, one vial with four larvae in second stage, one vial with three larvae in third stage, one vial with five pupae, all the larvae and pupae preserved in formalin. 2.—One larva in first stage, mounted in toto on a slide. 3.—One larva in third stage dissected and mounted on four slides. The entire material comes from Suva, Fiji, and has been col- lected, reared, and presented to Dr. E. A. Chapin, U. S. Bur: of Entomology, by R. W. Paine, Assistant Entomologist, Levu- ana campaign, Fiji Dept. of Agriculture. Mature larva (Figs. 12 and 15). Total length of body 11 mm., extreme width about 1% mm. Corneous parts of head capsule yellowish-brown with posterior four-fifths of frons and adjacent longitudinal, narrow region of epicranium blackish-brown; prothoracic dorsal shield blackish-brown with somewhat lighter and more yellowish-brown touch anteriorly; prothoracic sternal plate very thinly chiti- nized and light pale yellow, presternal chitinizations not developed; meso- and metathoracic dorsal plates yellowish-brown; pygidial shield and urogomphi strongly chitinized and deep blackish-brown; thoracic hypopleural chitiniza- tions blackish-brown; legs whitish with exterior surface of coxa brownish, claw whitish. Membranous parts of body creamy white (according to specimens preserved in formalin) with alar and spiracular areas of metathorax deep purple colored and the corresponding areas in the second, fourth, sixth and seventh segments of abdomen also deep purple (Figs. 12 and 15). Setae numerous, blackish-brown, stiff and pointed; generally moderately long but with many long, strong setae between (Fig. 12); in each parasternal (=coxal) area (past) of abdomen a single, very long, capitate seta inserted in an oblique, rather strong setal cup (Figs. 25, 27, 28), an egg-shaped, membranous cushion close to the outer side of the cup. Head capsule (Fig. 17) trapezoidal, posteriorly wider than anteriorly, some- what wider than long, smooth and with numerous setae. Frons (Fig. 17) pos- teriorly limited by a short, transverse line; coronal (= median epicranial) su- ture completely absent. Ocelli (Fig. 18) five in number, arranged rather closely together in two transverse rows, three in front row and two in hind row. An- tenna (Fig. 18) with second joint much shorter than basal and apical joints; length of basal, second and apical joints proportioned about as two, to one, to three; supplementary appendix (sa) half as long as apical joint. Mandible (Figs. 21, 22) with posterior half of inner margin strongly convex but without distinct retinaculum, inner margin between convex part and tip of mandible low, thin and convex; exterior border of concavity on ventral side covered by a thin, narrow, overhanging ledge; one long and numerous short setae present exteriorly. Ventral mouthparts (Fig. 19) rather small, length of maxilla from end of palpus to posterior articulating corner of cardo in proportion to gula as one to one and one half. Galea (g, Fig. 23) digitiform, carrying setae and a tactile papilla at the outer end of a tube-shaped canal; basal, second and apical joints of PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 6, JUNE, 1928 oy, three-jointed maxillary palpus proportioned in length as two, to one, to two; palpiger (pg) rather large, carrying two setae. Basal and apical joints of labial palpus proportioned in length as one to one. Legs long and slender with femur about one and one-half times as long as coxa and tibia as long as femur. Claw (Fig. 24 and c/, Fig. 28) short, pointed and curved. Paronychial appendix (Fig. 24, and pon, Fig. 26) equilaterally triangular, not extending beyond tip of claw. Abdomen (Fig. 12) with normally developed, narrow intersegmental bands; dorsal ampullae absent. Ninth abdominal segment (Figs. 12, 13, 14) almost covered above by a strong (in dorsal view) subtrapezoidal pygidial shield ex- tended into a pair of straight, conical and pointed, somewhat diverging uro- gomphi, in length about equal to the median longitudinal line of the shield; shield and urogomphi densely beset with long setae. Spiracles (Figs. 29, 30) small, bifore with large annular mouthpiece and two short tubes pointing backward both on the thoracic and abdominal spiracles. Atrium beset with long hairs. Taxonomic comments: The genus to which this species belongs possesses all the characteristics of the larvae of the subfamily Hydnocerinae, namely, a frons limited posteriorly by a transverse line, five ocelli, the second antennal joint considerably shorter than the basal and apical joints, mandible without distinct retinaculum and with a partly covered ventral concavity, numerous stiff, pointed and strong setae, bifore spiracles with annular mouth- piece and a pair of short air-tubes. The genus is distinct and separable from the genus Hydnocera by having a large parony- chial appendix located behind each claw (a unique character in the Cleridae), by long, pointed, conical urogomphi and by a long, capitate seta in the parasternal areas of the abdomen (also a unique character in the Clerid larvae). EXPLANATION OF PLaATEs.) Plate 5. Enoclerus lecontei Wolcott. (= Thanasimus nigriventris LeConte.) Fig. 1. Head. Dorsal view. Fig. 2. Head and prothorax. Ventral view. Fig. 3. Mandible. Ventral side. Fig. 4. Urogomphus. Lateral view. Fig. 5. Urogomphi. Doroso-lateral view. Fig. 6. Pygidial plate and urogomphi. Dorsal view. Fig. 7. Spiracle of eighth abdominal segment. Fig. 8. Larva. Dorsal view. Fig. 9. Tip of urogomphi to show the swollen distal end. Fig. 10. Urogomphi. Ventral view. Fig. 11. Ninth abdominal segment. Dorsal view. ‘All figures drawn by the author. PLATE 5 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30 Io II BOVING.—COLEOPTERA. PROC. ENT. SOG. WASH., VOL. 30 BOVING.—-COLEOPTERA. 100 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 6, JUNE, 1928 Plate 6. Callimerus arcufer Chapin. Fig. 12. Larva. Dorsal view. Fig. 13. Pygidial shield and urogomphi. Dorsal view. Fig. 14. Eighch and ninth abdominal segments, with separate figure of ex- tended tenth abdominal segment. Lateral view. Fig. 15. Anterior part of body. Lateral view. Fig. 16. Pupa. Ventral view. Fig. 17. Head. Dorsal view. Fig. 18. Right antenna and five ocelli in two groups on the right side of the head. Fig. 19. Head. Ventral view. Fig. 20a. Clypeus and labrum. Dorsal view. Fig. 20b. Epipharynx. Fig. 21. Right mandible. Ventral view. Fig. 22. Left mandible. Dorsal view. Fig. 23. End of right maxilla; mentum and labium. Ventral view. g-galea, L-labium, M-mentum, pg-palpiger. Fig. 24. Distal end of leg. Posterior view. Fig. 25. Seta in parasternal area. Fig. 26. Distal end of leg. Paronychial appendix and claw bent to each side. cLclaw, pon-paronychial appendix (=empodium). Fig. 27. Sixth and seventh abdominal segments. Ventral view. e-epipleurum, hy-hypopleurum, past-parasternum (=coxal area), post/-posternel- lum (=intersegmental band), s¢eusternum, s¢/-sternellum. Fig. 28. Seta in parasternal area. Fig. 29. Spiracle with spiracular mouthpiece, atrium and trachea. 4-atrium, Tr- spiracular trachea. Fig. 30. Spiracle showing (1) mouthpiece with annular opening and pair of short tubes, (2) atrium. Exterior view. 4-atrium. THREE NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS PEDINASPIS (HYMEN- OPTERA, FAM. PSAMMOCHARIDAE). By J. R. Mattuocu. Two of the species described herein were found amongst the miscellaneous unidentified material sent in by one of the field agents of the Biological Survey for the reference collection of that Bureau. As this collection is essentially intended for comparative purposes in the identification of insects found in the stomachs of birds, mammals, etc., and rare or new species are not ordinarily necessary to that end, the type specimens are deposited in the collection of the United States National Mu- seum. The third species belongs to the United States National Museum and was given to me for description by Mr. S. A. Rohwer, being recognized by him as an undescribed species. eae PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 6, JUNE, 1928 101 Pedinaspis albocaudata, new species. Male.—Black, shining, with a violet tinge. Head with black hairs above, decumbent white hairs on face from above bases of antennae, through which the erect black hairs are evident; occiput with dense decumbent griseous, and sparse erect black hairs. Thorax and abdomen with dense violet black ap- pressed tomentum; pronotum with some sparse erect hairs, the fine decumbent hairs on hind margin grey; pleura with a few short erect hairs; propodeum with- out white hairs. Third abdominal tergite with a narrow band of white de- cumbent hairs on dorsal portion of its hind margin, the following four tergites each with similar hairs on their entire dorsal aspect, the erect sparse black hairs longest on apical tergites. Legs violaceous black. Wings fuscous. Head with a rounded hump on vertex behind and between ocelli; posterior ocelli separated from each other by same distance as either is from eye; clypeus rounded in front; antennae as long as thorax. Propodeum well rounded out behind, smooth. Abdominal sternites without abnormal armature. Vena- tion as in mariae. Length, 11 mm. Type locality Higley, Arizona, June 27, 1917 (E. G. Holt). Type.—Cat. No. 27432, U. S. N. M. Pedinaspis bucephala, new species. Male.—Similar in coloration to the preceding species, but the hairs on middle of face are brownish, not white, as are also some of those on occiput, the prono- tum lacks the pale hairs on the hind margin, the tomentum of mesonotum and most of that on the dorsum of abdomen is brown, and not violet black, and there are no white hairs on abdomen at apex. Structurally the two species are quite similar, but the head in this species is more noticeably humped on vertex than in the preceding one, and the an- tennae are shorter and thicker. Length, 12 mm. Type locality—Palm Springs, Lakeside, Calif., August 9, LOGE Gs Holt). Type.—Cat. No. 27431, U. S. N. M. Pedinaspis brimleyi, new species. Female.—Black, shining where abraded, otherwise dull because of the dense tomentum; abdomen with a large orange-yellow mark on dorsum of second tergite which extends from anterior margin about three-fourths of its length, and is slightly notched in middle of its posterior outline. Head a little wider than thorax, vertex slightly raised above eyes; posterior ocelli distinctly proximad of upper margin of eyes, separated from each other by about three-fourths as great a distance as either is from eye; central de- pressed line faint; clypeus broadly rounded, flat on disc, a quite large conspicu- 102. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 6, JUNE, 1928 ous depression around bases of antennae which is rather abrupt on its lower margin, extending over upper margin of clypeus; second, third, and fourth, flagellar segments subequal. Propodeum but slightly concave posteriorly, no obvious angle on sides of hind margin; no submedian angles on hind margin of mesosternum. Abdomen as in mariae. Third submarginal cell subquadrate. Length, 20 mm. Type locality.—Raleigh, N. C., July 2, 1921 (C. S. Brimley): Type.—Cat. No. 27433, U. S. N. M. Named in honor of the collector. This species superficially resembles Psammocharis (Lopho- pompilus) atrox (Dahlb.). It runs to fexanus in Banks’ key to the species of this genus but differs in having only the second abdominal tergite largely reddish, the depressions at bases of antennae much larger, and the hind margin of mesosternum more rounded A NECESSITY FOR TAXONOMIC WORKERS. By Harrison G. Dyar. Aside from generic difficulties and type fixation, it is clear when we get down to fundamentals, that the species is the ultimate unit. Nothing can be done in nomenclature without a specific name, and no specific name can be held valid without a description. A description may become inadequate in the light of future researches; but it is adequate at the time it was proposed, provided the author is competent to describe at all. In fact it would be possible to get along in taxonomy very well with nothing but specific names, provided we could think of enough different ones, using generic names only in catalogues, as we now use subfamily and family names and higher cate- gories. The most important thing, therefore, for taxonomic workers is the specific names based on the original descriptions. In what state do these stand? Surely in a very unsatisfactory one. Descriptions are published in every language under the sun, not only in western European tongues using the original Latin alphabet, but in the Greek languages such as Russian. We have not come across any descriptions in Arabic or Turkish, though no doubt they will arrive; but we have before us several papers describing new species purely in Japanese. The con- dition has been reached, theoretically at least, that every taxo- nomic worker must be able to read every written language on the face of the earth or he is not in a position to handle the emergencies of his subject alone, and translators are often difficult and expensive to find. Bits PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 6, JUNE, 1928 103 We submit that this is a hardship unnecessarily imposed upon the taxonomist, and a date should be set for it to cease, since the remedy is so simple. After a certain date, no specific description should be considered valid that is not accompanied by a Latin diagnosis. Latin is the basis of our biological system, and why have we departed from it? There are only two reasons: First ignorance and the unwillingness to learn even the smattering of Latin necessary to make a specific descrip- tion, and second race-pride in wishing to see science published in one’s own tongue. To the ignorant we would say, which is easier, to learn a little Latin or two hundred languages and dialects written in every conceivable form of character? To the latter, we would recall the fact that Latin is a dead lan- guage and treads on no one’s patriotic toes. Besides, the Latin diagnosis can be followed by any amount of enlargement in the language of one’s choice. Following this line of thought, it appears that what we want is not an “automatic nomenclature” which Mr. McAtee recently advocated, but exactly the opposite, a return to the Latin base. All names should be in Latin form or Latinized, and this gives us no trouble with specific names, since names not proposed in adjective form can be considered nouns in apposition to the generic name. All generic names should be considered to have gender, and where this can not be determined the good old rule should apply that the genus is feminine. All specific names should agree in gender with the generic name and should be altered when transferred to a genus of another gender. We think also that generic names differing only in gender endings should not stand. Thus our present rules and codes, which have been so carefully thought out need not be discarded, but their importance is enhanced by the obligatory use of the Latin language in all original descriptions. ON THE SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF THE ORTHOPTEROUS GENERA CNEMOTETTIX CAUDELL AND PHO- BEROPUS SAUSSURE & PICTET. By A. N. CaubeE tt. A recent reexamination of the type material of Cuemotettix pulvillifer Caudell shows the posterior metatarsus to possess distinctly doubled pulvilli and the posterior femora to have an angle at the base on the outer side, characters diagnostic for the subfamily Stenopelmatinae. As the genus Cuemotettix was established as a member of the subfamily Rhapidophorinae, it is thought well to record this correction. The accompany- ing figure (Fig. 1) shows one of the posterior legs of C. pulvi/lifer, illustrating the above mentioned characters. 104 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 6, JUNE, 1928 Saussure and Zehntner! erected their genus Phoberopus as a member of the subfamily Stenopelmatinae, but from their description and figures it seemed likely that it was really a Rhaphidophoriid. At the request of the writer the type species of that genus, which is in the British Museum, was examined by Doctor Uvarov, who finds the posterior metatarsus to be provided with a single undivided pulvillus and the hind femora to be without a basal angle on the outer side, thus conclusively proving the genus Phoberopus to belong to the subfamily Rhaphidophorinae. The separation of the subfamilies Stenopelmatinae and Rhaphidophorinae is not a difficult matter when the diagnostic characters are understood and sufficient care exercised in exam- ination. The presence of an inserting angle on the outer side of the base of the posterior femora is not a constant character of the Stenopelmatinae, as it is not present in the genus Stenopel- matus or Cyphoderris, comprising two of the three Nearctic genera of Stenopelmatinae. The presence of two pulvilli, or a distinctly divided single one, on the posterior matatarsus in the Stenopelmatinae is a more constant character, and one present in all genera of that subfamily examined by the writer. In the Rhaphodophorinae the metatarsus is either without pulvillus or with a single one, usually short and apical. A few of the Rhaphidophoriid genera, as Hadenoecus and Tropt- dischia, have the posterior femora much longer than the body, while none of the Stenopelmatiid genera, as far as known to the writer, have them any longer than the body. The two subfamilies may be readily separated by the following resumé of characters: Posterior metatarsus with two pulvilli on the under surface, or with a single one very distinctly divided (Fig. 1, p. p.); posterior femora no longer than the body and usually with an inserting angle on the outer side at the base (Fig. 1, a) or basally more or less elongated below (Fig. 2)_........-.--.------.---- Stenopelmatinae. Posterior metatarsus without pulvilli or with a single, usually apical, one; posterior femora generally no longer than the body, but sometimes much longer, and without an inserting angle on the outer side at base, being there usually broadly and evenly rounded but sometimes more or less elongated! below) astm igure; 3 ees -eeemea meee ace eee eee Rhaphidophorinae. In the system of Brunner the genus Czemotettix falls in the group Mimnermites, in the keys of that author running out to the African genus Onosandrus Stal, from which Old World genus it is readily separable by having the anterior tibiae unarmed dorsally except apically. This genus is the only New World representative of this group since the removal from this subfam- 1Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., Vol. I, p. 297 (1897). PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 6, JUNE, 1928 105 ily of the genus Phoberopus, which is above shown to belong to the Rhaphidophorinae. Recently there had been found in the National collection an additional specimen of Cuemoteitix pulvillifer, an immature male from Santa Rosa Island, one of the islands lying off the coast of southern California, about one hundred miles north of San Clemente Island, the type locality of this insect. This speci- men, like those of the original lot, is from collections made long ago, and was found in a miscellaneous lot of exotic material where it had been inadvertently placed. EXPLANATION OF FIGURES. Fig. 1.—Left posterior leg of Cnemotettix pulvillifer Cdll. 9 (Allotype). Fig. 2.—Left posterior femur of Stenopelmatus intermedius D.& S. & (Para- type). Fig. 3.—Left posterior femur of Tropidischia xanthostoma Scudd. ©. PLASTOPHORA CRAWFORDI COQ. AND PLASTOPHORA SPATULATA MALLOCH (DIPTERA: PHORIDAE), PARASITIC ON SOLENOPSIS GEMINATA FABR.! By M. R. Smiru, 4. & M. College, Mississippi. Ants perhaps have fewer true parasites than almost any other group of common insects. A number of reasons may no doubt be assigned for this, but probably the most important factors contributing toward their freedom from parasites are: (1), their remarkable agility; (2), their subterranean life, and (3), their habit of frequently cleaning and licking themselves. Of the few insects attacking ants, probably their most per- sistent parasites in North America are the various species of flies belonging to the family Phoridae. The first account published in this country of the relation- ship between one of these parasitic flies and its host, was that by the late Theodore Pergande, an accomplished formicologist. ‘A Contribution from the Mississippi Agricultural Experiment Station. 106 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 6, JUNE, 1928 His interesting account of the biology of Apocephalus pergandei Coq. a parasite of the common black carpenter ant, Camponotus herculeanus subsp. pennsylvanicus DeGeer, was published in the Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, Vol. 4, pp. 497-502, for December, 1900. Pergande found that the fly oviposited on the head of the carpenter ant (worker) and that the resulting larva entered through the occipital foramen and fed on the interior of the head of its host, finally severing it from the body. Wheeler in speaking of this very aptly remarks that the fly causes the ant to literally lose its head. Nothing more was published on the biology of the Phorid flies that attack North American ants until Coquillett described a species as Pseudaceton crawfordi from 10 specimens taken by J. C. Crawford and W. D. Pierce at Dallas, Texas, from around nests of the fire ant, Solenopsis geminata Fabr. (Can. Ent., Vol. 39, pp. 207-208, 1907). Coquillett states that Pierce and Crawford found the flies in company with the ants and that these observers noted that “one of the females was observed to apparently deposit an egg in the head of an ant, So/enopsis geminata.’ The flies collected by these men remained in the U. S. National Museum as Plastophora crawfordi Coq. until J. R. Malloch, while classifying the specimens of Phorid flies in the Museum, found among these specimens one female with an ovipositor of such a peculiar and different shape from the rest that he appropriately named it spatul/ata. So far as the writer is aware no one has since published anything on these species, hence the observations which he has made on these two flies during the past two years may be of some interest to others. The most complete notes in the writer’s possession were made at Vicksburg, Mississippi, on July 6, 1927. The notes are as follows: At 3:30 p. m. the writer was fortunate enough to find a colony of fire ants which were in the process of taking their nuptial flight. The after- noon was very warm and clear and the ground dry, as no rain had fallen for several days. Numerous workers of the fire ant were running rapidly over the nest and for some distance into the grass surrounding it as they gave vent to their excite- ment. Near the entrance to the nest were a number of winged males and winged females which were crawling here and there; the majority of the sexed forms, however, had not yet emerged from the nest. Almost half an hour had elapsed from the time the writer began to make observations on the colony before the sexed forms began to pour forth from the nest in large numbers and to run around excitedly. Many of these crawled upon blades of grass and flew off into space. A few of the heavier-bodied queens were not so successful in their flight and were soon forced down within a few feet of the nest. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 6, JUNE, 1928 107 While making observations on the ants the writer happened to note several extremely small or gnat-like flies that were hovering over the nest, and appearing to be much interested in what was going on below. There were at least five or six of these flies in the air at a time. Occasionally one of them would swoop toward the surface of the ground and strike a worker ant. As to how the fly struck the ant or just where the ant was hit was difficult to ascertain owing to the thickness of the grass surrounding the nest and to the speed of the fly as she struck the ant. As best the writer could determine the fly struck the ant toward the anterior part of the body apparently in the head. When an ant was struck by a fly it would fall over on its side and lie in an apparently stupefied or paralyzed condition for several seconds before rising to its feet. During this time the ant made a struggle to get up but seemed to be unable to coordinate its leg movements. When the ant finally did regain its feet it ran away as briskly as ever. That the ants despise these parasites seems evident, for time and again the ants were seen to lunge at the flies with open mandibles and no doubt would have killed them had the ants been able to catch them, but the flies were entirely too agile and wary. In no case was a fly seen to attack the male or female ants although many of these were exposed to their attacks and no doubt were more conspicuous to the flies than the small workers. Was this just a coincidence or not? It would appear that the male and female ants, because of their larger size, would furnish the fly larva more nourishment than would the workers. Another question which came to mind was this, do the flies always attack the ants at the time when the sexed forms are taking their nuptial flight? It is certainly true that at such a period more workers are exposed to the flies than would probably be the case at any other time. The writer regrets that he can not answer this question and that he has not been able to find anything bearing on this point in the article by Coquillett previously referred to. At Greenwood, Mississippi, during late September, 1926, the writer witnessed a similar attack of Phorid flies on a colony of fire ants. Although no specimens were obtained the writer has every reason for believing that the species concerned in this attack were the same as at Vicksburg. When the writer came upon the nest at Greenwood no sexed forms were to be found, but numerous workers were running over the ground in such a state of excitement that it is quite possible the sexed forms had already taken flight and disappeared. The flies did not always hover over the nest as previously described. After they had flown for some time over the nest they occasionally came to rest on leaf blades or other objects above the surface of the soil. Here they remained for a short 108 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 6, JUNE, 1928 while before resuming flight. While a number of the flies were in this position four specimens were captured. On intro- ducing these into a vial the flies were extremely active, flying around the vial so swiftly that it was impossible to determine their appearance. The four flies taken at Vicksburg were divided into two lots of two specimens each and one lot sent to Dr: C.. 1. Brues and ‘the other to Mr. J. Re Mallocha ps Brues reported that only one specimen reached him and this was in very bad condition, but appeared to be Plastophora crawfordi Coq. Mr. Malloch also received one specimen which he determined as Plastophora spatulata Malloch. According to Mr. Malloch, it is not unusual for several species of these flies to be found around an ant nest at the same time, as is illustrated here by the collections made at Dallas and Vicks- burg. The writer succeeded in taking a number of the ants which had been struck by the fly and were therefore probably parasitized but unfortunately every one of these specimens escaped from the vial in which they were confined, and an excellent opportunity to make a further contribution on the biology of these flies was lost. The listing of Plastophora curriei Malloch as a parasite of the fire ant (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 43, p. 413, 1908) was undoubtedly a slip of the pen. This species was described by Malloch (Op. cit., p. 501) from four specimens taken by Rolla P. Currie at Kaslo, British Columbia, as they were “hovering over ant galleries in stump.” Mr. Currie’s diary, kept during the collecting trip to British Columbia in 1903, contains these entries, among others, for August 6: “I went alone for an all- day trip to Mirror Lake. Partly cloudy but no rain. Opened up ants’ galleries in an old stump on the way. Found small myriapods, a mite, and some Collembola in their galleries. Several specimens of a tiny fly were darting about. Watched them for some time, thinking they might be parasites of the ants, but was unable to determine.” BIBLIOGRAPHY. Bruges, C. T. 1907. On the Phorid Genera Plastophora and Pseudaceton. Ent. News, Vol. 18, p. 430. ——— 1903. A Monograph of the North American Phoridae. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., Vol. 29, pp. 373, 399. Coquittett, D. W. 1907. A New Phorid Genus with Horny Ovipositor. Can. Ent., Vol. 39, pp. 207-208. Mattocn, J. R. 1908. The Dipterous Family Phoridae. Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., Vol. 43, pp. 500-501. Percanbe, THEo. 1900. The Ant Decapitating Fly. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., Vol. 4, pp. 497-502. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 6, JUNE, 1928 109 A NEW LASPEYRESIA FROM FLORIDA (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE). By Cart Hernricu, U. S. Bureau of Entomology. Laspeyresia palmetum, new species. Palpus, face and anterior part of head pure white; posterior part of head grayish fuscous. Thorax and fore wing a very dark glossy brown finely cross- streaked with metallic purple scales and with a conspicuous, rather large, clear white, semicircular spot on mid dorsum of fore wing; a dark angulate basal patch, an oblong patch on mid costa and a rather broad band from costa near apex to mid termen, all very faintly indicated by some black dusting on the brown ground; cilia blackish. Hind wing semilustrous brownish fuscous, con- siderably paler than fore wing; cilia slightly paler, without basal band. Genitalia figured from type and paratype. Alar expanse.—12-14 mm. Genitalia of Laspeyresia palmetum, new species. A= female. B=male. oe “= er IS i. Type and paratypes.—Cat. No. 40786, U.S. N. M. Type locality—‘ Near Royal Palm State Park, Florida.” Food plant—Small berry-like fruit, identified by Dr. Fred- erick V. Coville as possibly [cacorea paniculata. Described from male type and one male and two female paratypes from the type locality, reared by Mr. Frank Morton Jones C III-8,” 1927). A striking species resembling, somewhat, a/bimaculana Fer- nald and americana Walsingham. Distinguished from the for- mer by its darker ground color and from the latter by its paler hind wings and from both by its genitalia. 110 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 6, JUNE, 1928 WATER-BEARING PLANTS OF PANAMA WHICH HARBOR MOSQUITOES, WITH A NEW SPECIES OF WYEOMYIA (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE). By Harrison G. Dyar. The appearance of the “Flora of the Panama Canal Zone”’ by Paul C. Standley (Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum, Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, Vol. 27, 1928), makes it convenient to note those of the plants listed that hold water in their leaves or bracts in which mosquitoes breed. These mosquitoes, as is well known, are peculiar to the several plants, and occur nowhere else, so that the problem is one of scientific interest and not of any economic importance in any instance as yet known. The adults frequent their special plants, never occur in large numbers, and while some species are occasionally found in houses, no serious amount of annoyance has been reported from any of them. The following are the plants, arranged by families, and the species of mosquitoes which inhabit them: Family ARACEAE. Genus PISTIA Linn. This floating water plant has a number of mosquito larvae which are associated with the roots. Mansonzia titillans Walk. is commonly associated, the larvae getting air from the vascular roots which they cut with their air-tubes. Culex aikenii Aik. also commonly occurs among the roots, which, however, are not pierced. Culex egcymon Dyar has also been so found, but it has other habitats as well. CALADIUM Vent. and COLOCASIA Schott. Dendromyia melanocephala D. & K. is a characteristic inhabi- tant of the water in the leaf-axils of these plants, and as these are often cultivated around houses, the little white-footed mosquito may be frequently seen. It is much preyed upon in the larval state by the larvae of Goe/dia longipes Fab., which inhabit these plants as well as others. Dendromyia prolepidis D. & K. has also rarely been found in “elephant’s ear.” XANTHOSOMA Schott and MONOTRICHARDIA Criiger. These plants harbor Miamyia ypsipola Dyar, Dendromyia prolepidis D. & K., Dendromyia complosa Dyar and presumably Dendromyia jocosa D. & K., which has not yet been bred. They are preyed upon by the larvae of Goeldia longipes Fab. and Isostomyia espini Mart., the latter often taken indoors as adults, presumably seeking shade. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 6, JUNE, 1928 111 Family BROMELIACEAE. Genus ANANAS Adans. Ananas magdalenae André has been much overlooked as to its mosquito fauna until lately with the work of Mr. C. H. Bath. Dendromyia intonca D. & K., described from Tillandsia, has been found to be only accidental in that plant, but at home in Ananas. A new species of Wyeomyia was discovered by Mr. Bath, to be described as follows: WYEOMYIA (WYEOMYIA) CHARMION Dyar, new species. Male.—Proboscis about as long as the abdomen, swollen at tip; prothoracic obes dark bronzy brown, of the color of the mesonotum; abdominal colors separated on the sides in a straight line; legs bronzy black, mid tarsi brassy white on one side; hind tarsi marked with white at base of the third joint below and all but the tips of the fourth and fifth; outstanding scales of the wing linear. Hypopygium: Clasper with long slender stem; mid lobe moderate with central point and shoulder on each side, a row of fine long hairs running on a ridge to tip; outer arm with large basal shoulder, slender, with two setae; inner arm thick, rather large, hooked; core arm large, about as large as mid lobe though shorter, hairy on its basal angle only. Larva.—Abdominal hair tufts stellate, in about eight; lateral comb of the eighth segment of about 24 large scales in a straight row; air-tubes subfusiform, tapered at tip, about seven times as long as wide at base, with scattered single hairs, the basal ventral one double; dorsal hairs of anal segment a long one on each side, lateral hair double, long, subventral tuft short, multiple. Type, male, No. 41,103, U. S. Nat. Mus.; bred from water in the leaves of duanas magdalene growing at the head of Stream No. 7, Agua Clara Reservoir, near Gatun, C. Z., Janu- any. 1928 (C. Hi. Bath): In Ananas also occur Culex imitator Theob. and Anopheles cruzii D. & K., also inhabitants of the large Tillandsia and Vriesia. Some predator doubtless occurs also, but has not been discovered. Genera AECHMEA R. & P., VRIESIA Lind!. and TILLANDSIA Linn These plants harbor Wyeomvia celaenocephala D. & K., W. scotinomus D. & K., W. guatemala D.& K., W. simmsi D.& K., W.melanopus Dyar, Dendromyia phroso H., D. & K., (probably), and Dendromyia circumcincta D. & K. With them are asso- ciated Culex imitator Theob., C. enningsi D. & K., C. daumas- tocampa D. & K., those peculiar little Cu/ex breeding nowhere else and comprised in the subgenus Microculex, and Anoph- eles cruzii D. & K., Dr. Lutz’s celebrated vector of “forest malaria,” which Dr. Davis has lately shown to be probably harmless. These are preyed upon by Megarhinus superbus D. & K. larvae, which are inhabitants only of these plants. 112 proc. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 30, NO. 6, TUNE, 1928 Family MUSACEAE. Genus HELICONIA Linn. The flower-bracts of the species of Heliconia whose flowers are upright contain gummy water in which live Dendromyia chalcocephala D. & K., D. ulocoma Theob. and D. pseudopecten D.& K. They are preyed upon by the larvae of Goeldia longi- pes. Family CANNACEAE. Genus CALATHEA Meyer. The flower-bracts of these plants hold water much as in Heliconia. Were the following species find their larval home: Dendromyia eloisa H., D. & K. and D. cenonus H., D. & K. They are preyed upon by the larvae of /sostomyia magna Theob. (dicellaphora H., D. & K.). This makes 23 species of mosquitoes which inhabit solely the water in living plant tissues in the Canal Zone, 18 Sabethids, 3 Culex, 1 Megarhinus and 1 Anopheles. There are known 17 other species of Sabethids in the Canal Zone or nearby Panama, of which 13 are known to live in the water in dead plant tissues such as tree-holes, nut-husks and broken bamboo-joints. Of the four species whose life-history is unknown, Sadethes tarsopus D. & K. and Miamyia florestan Dyar probably live in tree holes or husks, leaving only Dendromyia clasoleuca D. & K. and Goeldia leucopus D. & K. as possible additional species to the list of those inhabiting living plant tissues. Actual date of publication, Fuly 18, 1928. e VOL. 30 OCTOBER, 1928 No. 7 PROCEEDINGS OF THE KNTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON OCT17 1928 4% w/ - TION used CONTENTS signee FOUTS, ROBERT—NOTES ON THE BETHYLINAE WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF ONE NEW CUBAN AND TWELVE NEW NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES. . 121 GRANOVSKY, A. A.—A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF APHIDIDAE (HoM- CETESRIAN Foie. 2: a) ales Siege eee re ar | call cg a 113 PusiisHeD MontHiy Excepr Jury, August anD SEPTEMBER BY THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM VASHINGTON, D. C. Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D. C., under Act of August 24, 1912. Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized July 3, 1918. 17 '28 THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON OrGanizED Marcu 12, 1884. The regular meetings of the Society are held in the National Museum on the first Thursday of each month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 p. M. Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00. Members are entitled to the ProcEEDINGS and any manuscript submitted by them is given precedence over any submitted by non-members. OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1927. Elonoranmygeresident.. Ahan a aka TT rn) aint. RRA | Uuda oo ‘satin RPA RA EIT TN alle : 1 & aS % é 3 oy fe Wialo iM , } . : & allie os j fale ane Pigadop vB. nL eR Ne BEE dda ieee AeA PRp ibe! ATT erm TUL ALL