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Tk * AD WS Sg an : * ; nt sh , , a y > a i in : : = ' ie i. - we ; a at) gi J i : a 7 . val iy t Lic. ro. ve i hy i 12'S D ve Ve) ; ‘ 18 i + I ne a - a 7 t {j ) 7 } _ ; 7 r : 7 rh ra et or A i wit oe hi A ree _ , eo a a tt 7 es 1 7 ) a i nd : : seit Me . i rm i 2 a i an me ae av ae : 4) Ye 0 \ 5 {ns PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON VOLUME 47 PuBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY WASHINGTON, D. C. 1945 ACTUAL DATE OF PUBLICATION VOLUME 47 Number 1—pages 1-32 inclusive: . 2% 2. 2). 2 op Rebruary 0, 1927 Number 2—pages 33-52 inclusive . . . . . . . . . March 2, 1945 Number 3—pages 53-72 inclusive. . . . . . . . . March 27, 1945 Number 4—pages 73-104 inclusive. . . . . . . . . April 30, 1945 Number 5—pages 105-136 inclusive. . . . . . . . . Jume 5, 1945 Number 6—pages 137-184 inclusive. . . . . . . . . July 12,1945 Number 7—pages 185-216 inclusive . . . . ... . . October 9, 1945 Number 8—pages 217-256 inclusive . .-. . . . . November 22, 1945 Number 9—pages 257-300 inclusive . . . . . . . December 28, 1945 PRESS OF H. L. & J. B. McQuern, Inc. Wasuinecton, D. C. [it] TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME 47 Baker, Epwarp W.: Mites of the Genus Tenuipalpus (Acarina, Tricha- denidae) : Baupur, W. V.: Biouamices of he Roce Seed @halcid: j Miegdanietnas 2 nigrovariegatus Ashm. (Hymenoptera, Callimomidae) . Barser, H. G.: (See Wape). Brake, Doris H.: The Genus Galeruca in North America (Coleoptera, Galenucinae) uments ein ose -E ele eh Ween eo Sener aes Bouart, Ricuarp M.: New Species and Subspecies of Rygchium from North America (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) (eee Buren, Wiiuiam F.: Leptothorax longispinosus subsp. 1owensis, nom. n. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) : SAP: : CerquerrRa, N. L. and Lang, Joun: Note on RiEiaeereasocus capricornil ees 1904 (Diptera,;/Culicidae). 2). . : Crawrorp, J. C.: A New Genus and Secs a Theses rom Bulbs (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) . : The North American Succes & che Genus Fsochaerotivine Moulton (Uhyeanoptera, Thripidae) Davis, Davin E.: A Comparison of Mosquitoes Captired with Ayaan Bait and with Human Bait . Dewnine, D. G.: (See Pratt) Drake, C. J.: (See Harris) Ewinc, H. E.: Two New Trombiculid Mite Larvae (Chiggers) from Burma Fennau, R. G:: Characrers of Aaronomite tapgeeancen in fits Prevarsus of Auchenorhyncha (Homoptera) . The Tropiduchidae of the Tenses Avaralles (Glemoprers: Ful- goroidea) . The External Male Genitalia of Fulgoroidea (Efomoprera) Fisuer, W. G.: A Change of Name in Cerambycidae Gyutun, C. M. and More, Don C.: Notes on the Biology anid Gavia BE Chrysops discalis Williston (Diptera, Tabanidae) Harris, H. M. and Drake, C. J.: A New Brachymetra from Pera Pate a List of Known Species (Hemiptera, Gerridae) . Hit, Roura B. and Hitt, CrarreE McDoweE i: Wyeomyia ciaeula Dyar & Nunez Tovar, A Description of the Larva and Pupa and a Redescrip- tion of the Adult (Diptera, Culicidae) . Hs1ao, Tsar-Yu: A New Plant Bug from Peru, with Note ona New Gents from North America (Hemiptera, Miridae) ra Knicut, Kennetu L. and Rozesoom, Lioyp C.: A New Species of Culex from New Guinea (Diptera, Culicidae) 33 les 2 296 24 . 289 [ iii J, lV TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME 47 Lane, Joun: (See CERQUEIRA) Mattocu, J. R.: (See McATEE) McAteer, W. L. and Mattocu, J. R.: Identity of Tetyra lateralis Fabricius (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae) ; McGrecor, EF. A.: A New Genus and Species of Tetranyehidh Mite from California . More, Don C.: (See Giuremn) Piummer, C. C.: New Membracidae from Central America Pratt, Harry D., Wirtu, W. W. and Dennine, D. G.: The Occuntenee of Culex opisthopus Komp in Puerto Rico and Florida, with a Descrip- tion of the Larva (Diptera, Culicidae) . Rapp, WiuiaM F., Jr.: Pseudolutzomyia, New Name {or nora Che ran, 1934 (Diptera) Rircuer, P. O.: Notes on Phylloeags bards (Hora) ih a Descnoton of the Larva (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) ; Ross, Hersert H.: A Taxonomic Outline of the Nearetie Speciés of Bache nematus (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) : Roru, Louris M.: The Male and Larva of Paorophera (Jaweiinosena horrida (Dyar and Knab) and a New Species of Psorophora from the United States (Diptera, Culicidae) : Aberrations and Variations in heneonebnre Liacoae of the Sauthieasters United States (Diptera, Culicidae). Rozexsoom, Luioyp C.: (See Knicur) SatLeR, Reece I.: The Status of Corimelaena White, 1839, Eucoria Mul- sant and Rey, 1865, and Allocoris McAtee and Malloch, 1933 : A New Name for Acantholoma Stal (Hemiptera, Scutel- leridae) . ——— ———: Note ‘Concetaine Rolubes aaeeponie) Bereroth, 1914 (Heteroprens Pentatomidae) : SanpDERson, Mitton W.: A New North Avmerican Secies a Livhocharis (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) Stone, Aran: A Mosquito Synonym (pipers: Gialieidas) ——— ———: A New Species of 4edes from Saipan and the Taiis of Aedes Nandan (Diptera, Culicidae) Wape, J. S. and Barser, H. G.: William Ehompeo Davie! Witurams, Josepu L.: The Anatomy of the Internal Genitalia of Some Coleoptera. WirtH, Wiis W.: The Oseanteies of Culex (Melanotonion) elevatar Dyar and Knab in Florida, with Keys to the Melanoconions of the United States (Diptera, Culicidae). : (See Pratt) 2 250 99 VOL. 47 January, 1945 No. 1 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON.) 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Immediate publication may be obtained at author’s expense. All manuscripts should be sent to the Editor, care Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Wash- ington 25, D. C. The Corresponding Secretary and Treasurer should be addressed similarly. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SocIETY OF WASHINGTON VOL. 47 JANUARY, 1945 No. 1 THE MALE AND LARVA OF PSOROPHORA (JANTHINOSOMA) HORRIDA (DYAR AND KNAB) AND A NEW SPECIES OF PSOROPHORA FROM THE UNITED STATES (Diptera: Culici- dae) By Louis M. Rotn ! Second Lieutenant, Sanitary Corps, Army of the United States Dyar and Knab (1908) described Aedes horridus from a series of 56 females taken from 7 states (Arkansas, Maryland, Missis- sippi, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia). In 1906 these writers had described Janthinosoma champerico from Guate- mala, a species close to /anthinosoma lutzii Theobald. Howard, Dyar and Knab (1917) listed Psorophora champerico and Psorophora horridus as distinct species. Felt (1904) described what he thought to be the male of /anthinosoma lutzii Theob., and Dyar and Knab, believing this to be the male of P. horridus, placed Janthinosoma lutzit Felt (nec. Theob.) as a synonym of P. horridus. ‘They copied Felt’s photograph of the genitalia. In 1928 Dyar made horridus a synonym of champerico and as- sumed that the male figured by Felt was the male of Psorophora champerico D. and K. Again Dyar’s drawing was apparently copied from Felt’s Baers ar Matheson (1934) described a most bizarre type of genitalia for a male from Fayetteville, Arkansas of what he believed to be Psorophora horridus (D. and K.). Rozeboom (1939) described what he thought was the larva of horrida from Tulsa, Oklahoma, since reared males had genitalia similar to Matheson’s Arkansas specimens. Matheson (1934) stated that “the male genitalia figured by Felt (1904) and copied by Howard, Dyar and Knab (1917) and by Dyar (1928) as representing the male of P. horridus is undoubtedly that of Psorophora lutzii Theob. or Psorophora ferox Humb. (posticata Wied.). This conclusion is in agreement with the descriptions and figures given by Bonne and Bonne-Wepster 1'This work was done at the Fourth Service Command Medical Laboratory, Fort McPherson, Georgia. The author wishes to thank Dr. Alan Stone for his valuable suggestions, and Dr. E. A. Chapin for the use of the laboratory and specimens at the United States National Museum, Washington, D.C. Further appreciation is expressed, for their assistance, to Lt. Roy W. Chamberlain, Mrs. Edna Roth, SP-3, and Miss Winona Gilstrap, SP-3, all of the Fourth Service Command Medical Laboratory. 2 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 1, JAN., 1945 (1925). Psorophora horridus (D. and K.) should remain as a distinct species. P.champerico D. and K. is probably identical with P. lutzii Theob. but no definite conclusion should be reached until the male has been discovered. Should it prove identical with that of P. horridus then horridus would become a synonym of champerico D. and K.” In 1943 three males of P. horrida, identified by color, from Montgomery, Alabama, were received at the Fourth Service Command Medical Laboratory, and their genitalia proved to be practically identical to that of Psorophora ferox (Humb.). Since then a total of 21 males have been obtained, representing 5 states (Alabama, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma and South Carolina), and all agree in that their genitalia are similar to ferox. Apparently two distinct species of Psorophora, occurr- ing in the United States, have been confused under the name horrida. Matheson (1934) stated that Felt’s photograph is either that of lutz11 or ferox. Although the genitalia are very similar an examination shows a distinct difference in the claspers (disti- style) of the two species, that of Jutziz being decidedly less swollen medially than ferox. Bonne and Bonne-Wepster (1925, Figs. 55, 56) show this in their drawings, although their descriptions merely state (for both species) that the clasper is “‘small at base, greatly inflated beyond the middle, extreme tip slender, re- curved with an articulated spine.” Gordon and Evans (1922) briefly described the genitalia of /utzi7 and stated that the side- pieces, tenth sternites and aedeagus is as in P. posticatus (now P.ferox). ‘They did not mention theclasper. Cerqueira (1939) figures the genitalia of /utziz and shows that the clasper swelling is moderate. Felt’s photograph, which shows the claspers clearly, is undoubtedly not /utziz. ‘There are also distinctive color differences between the South American species (champer- ico and /utz11) and our United States horrida (and the new form). The chief difference 1s the golden- or sulphur-yellow mesonotal markings in the tropical, as compared with the white or creamy- white scales of our own species. For this reason I believe that at the moment champerico and Jutz11? are not involved, the Howard, Dyar and Knab (1917) write that ‘“‘the only male specimen of this species [P. horridus| which we have had was dissected by Dr. E. P. Felt and unfortunately destroyed so that problem being to decide which of the males represents horrida; Matheson’s type with the peculiar genitalia or the one e having the ferox-like genitalia. 2 After examining females of both species, I believe that champerico and lutzii are two distinct species. Not only are certain color differences present but the proboscis and palpi of champerico are distinctly longer than those of lutzii. The same relationship between the palpal segments apparently exist here, as with the two species (horrida and the new form) described later. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 1, JAN., 1945 3 NN \ FS . ~ a Naw ig ¥O y y, y aN WS = ae Fig. 1, Male genitalia of Psorophora horrida (D. and K.); Fig. 2, Male geni- talia of Psorophora longipalpis n. sp. (drawn to smaller scale than Figure 1). Explanation of symbols: (C) clasper, (Clp) claspette, (M) mesosome, (IXS) ninth sternite, (IXT) ninth tergite, (IXT-L) lobe of ninth tergite, (XS) tenth sternite, (S) sidepiece. we have been unable to prepare a description of that sex.” The color differences between horrida and ferox are so distinctive that it is improbable that Felt was dealing with the latter. Since the males received from southeastern states have shown horrida markings and ferox-like genitalia, I believe that Felt’s original description was actually that of a southeastern horrida. Unfortunately no locality data is given for his specimen. A study of three adult males having the unusual genitalia (Arkansas, Oklahoma, South Dakota) revealed that femoral knee spots are completely lacking, while these markings are very distinct in the eastern form. The absence of knee spots also holds true for two females which were reared, by Rozeboom, with the Oklahoma male. There are other minor differences in female markings and a distinct difference in length and shape of palpi is present between the eastern and western species (in both male and female). Dyar and Knab’s (1908) original de- scription of Aedes horridus describes the legs as “‘deep violet scaled, the basal two-thirds of the femora yellowish, the knees silvery white...” In 1917 they again described the knees of P. horridus as being narrowly silvery white-scaled. ’ Of the original 56 female specimens (Cotype No. 11999) used by Dyar and Knab, 41 were available at the United States + PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 1, JAN., 1945 National Museum. An examination of these cotypes showed that both species were represented although the majority of them were the eastern form. Thirty-four specimens agreed with the original description while 7 (all from Texas) lacked knee spots and were similar in other characters to the Oklahoma females. Apparently the original description of horrida was based mainly on eastern material and therefore a lectotype (Corinth, Mississippi, VITI—14—04, Coll. H. S. Barber) agreeing with that description was selected from the cotypes. The genitalia figured by Felt (1904) is assumed to be that of Psorophora horrida (D. and K.) (Fig. 1). Matheson’s male (Fig. 2) therefore represents a new species and this midwestern form which has been confused with horrida is now named Psorophora longipalpis. Rozeboom’s (1939) “horrida” larva also becomes a synonym of longipalpis. The maxillary palpi project from beneath the clypeus and according to Snodgrass (1943) each consists of four segments in female mosquitoes. When the head is cleared in KOH and mounted on a slide, the female palpus (of horrida and longipal- pis) show the first two segments small and almost completely fused, the junction being indicated by a slight constriction and also by a break in pigmentation. ‘The second and third seg- ments appear partly fused also but the joint here is more dis- tinct than that between the preceding segments. ‘The fourth segment articulates freely with the third. In the present de- scription the female palpus is regarded as composed of four segments in spite of the fact that some specimens possess a small setose projection at the tip of the fourth segment (Figs. 8, 16). This structure may represent a sensory organ or possibly a fifth segment since Marshall (1938) states that the palpus is composed of five segments. In unmounted specimens (i. e. those not cleared in KOH) the dense covering of scales and setae obscures most of the palpal joints so that segments one and two may appear as a single segment. However, the joints between segments two and three, and three and four are distinct and the terminal segment can be easily separated from the preceding ones. The small projection at the tip of the fourth segment, when present, doesn’t influence the length of the palp since it is hidden by the overlapping scales. Edwards (1941) regarded the male palpus as composed of three segments, neglecting the rudimentary basal segment and the incomplete division of the shaft (segments two and three) into two segments. In the present study, the male palpus is considered composed of five segments. These are a small basal segment articulating more or less freely with two elongated segments that are practically completely fused, their joint being indicated by a small nude (without scales), slightly distorted area; and freely articulating penultimate (fourth) and termi- nal (fifth) segments. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 1, JAN., 1945 5 Psorophora (Janthinosoma) horrida (D. & K.) Aedes horridus Dyar and Knab, 1908, Proc.U. S. Nat. Mus. 35:56 (in part). Psorophora horridus (Dyar and Knab): Howard, Dyar and Knab, 1917, Mosq. No. and Cent. Amer. and W. I., 2:561 (in part). Psorophora (Janthinosoma) horridus (Dyar and Knab): Dyar, 1922, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 62:36 (in part). Male.—Head: Proboscis uniformly dark scaled, long, almost equal in width throughout. Palpi (Fig. 9) longer than proboscis, with dark appressed scales, some of these roughened; integument of joint between second and third seg- ments dark *; last two palpal segments distinctly broader than the preceding ones, the penultimate segment with long black bristles. Antennae (Fig. 9) reaching to about the apex of the third palpal segment or a little beyond; last two antennal segments short, both not as long as the combined preceding seg- ments; hairs of whorls very numerous and long; tori black, globose and bare. Clypeus black, nude. Vertex clothed with broad recumbent whitish scales, some lanceolate ones in the occipital region, and many erect forked dark (very few pale) scales; recumbent scales along the margin of eye, broad and pale; ocular and vertical setae long and black, frontal setae pale. Thorax: Mesono- tum with a broad median band of bronzy dark narrow scales and short bristles; sides with very broad, flat white scales (some creamy scales along the dividing line of median dark band and lateral white scales) and long, mostly dark, setae; a few long narrow white scales intermixed with the broad ones at the posterior third of the mesonotum; some medial broad white scales surrounding the ante- scutellar area. Scutellum trilobate, clothed with pale scales, the lobes with long black bristles. Pleural sclerites sparsely scaled, otherwise without signifi- cant differences from that described later for the female. Legs:—Prothoracic leg—coxa with a patch of white scales,with or without a few apical dark scales; outer surface of femur with some yellow scales basally, the remainder violet- scaled, inner surface with violet scales at the apical fourth remainder yellowish; white femoral knee spot present; tibia and tarsus with dark appressed scales and some short suberect bristles; last tarsal segment (Fig. 5) scaled and setose, narrowed medially, with a basal projection, along the posterior margin, bearing several short and long spines; at least one elongated papillary projection, slightly before the middle along the posterior margin, bearing a short bristle; some long hairs from enlarged tubercles, near the papilla; large tarsal claw with a small basal tooth and a longer medial one (apex of tooth rounded or slightly enlarged); smaller tarsal claw with a small acute tooth near the base. Meso- thoracic leg (Fig. 3)—coxa with a patch of white scales, with or without a few 3 In ferox males, the junction between palpal segments two and three is very distinct because the color of the integument of this nude area is decidedly paler (creamy white) than the rest of the palpal integument. The joint actually appears as a palering. In horrida males the color of the integument is the same for the entire length of the palp and therefore the joint between segments two and three is very indistinct. Since the genitalia of these two species are very similar, the color of the integument in this region is a good diagnostic character particularly in badly damaged specimens which have lost their distinctive color markings. 6 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 1, JAN., 1945 Figs. 3-9, Psorophora horrida (D. and K.) adult characters. 3, Femur (with knee spot) and tibia (with long setae) of mesothoracic leg of male; 4, Femur (with knee spot) of metathoracic leg of female; 5, Last tarsal segment and tarsal claws of prothoracic leg of male (scales and majority of setae not indicated); 6, Last tarsal segment and tarsal claws of mesothoracic leg of male (scales and majority of setae not indicated); 7, Palpi and proboscis of female; 8, Tip of fourth palpal segment (greatly enlarged) of female; 9, Antenna, proboscis and palp of male. apical dark scales; femur violet-scaled on outer surface, inner with yellow scales extending to apical third, remainder dark-scaled; white femoral knee spot present tibia with dark appressed scales and numerous long outstanding suberect setae; tarsus with dark appressed scales and sparse short bristles; last tarsal segment (Fig. 6) scaled and setose, narrowed medially; at least one long papillary project tion bearing a bristle, before the middle along the posterior margin; several long hairs from enlarged tubercles around the projection; large tarsal claw with a short basal spine (apically rounded) and a longer medial tooth, usually roundly truncate or slightly enlarged at the tip; smaller tarsal claw with a short basal tooth. Metathoracic leg—coxa with a basal patch of white scales; femur with about the basal half of the inner and outer surfaces yellow-scaled, remainder violet; white femoral knee spots present; tibia with roughened suberect dark scales and numerous long setae; tarsus with short suberect setae and roughened scales on the first two segments, the last two segments and sometimes the tip of the third white-scaled, remainder dark-scaled; last tarsal segment without papillary projections, not narrowed medially; both tarsal claws small, about the same size, each with a medial pointed tooth. Abdomen:—dorsum of first segment yellow-scaled the others with violet-blue scales and some apical lateral PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 1, JAN., 1945 7 patches of white or creamy scales; sternites with pale scaling restricted mostly to the apical portion and violet scales to the basal part of the segment; eighth sternite all dark-scaled. Male Hypopygium (Fig. 1):—Sidepiece (Basistyle) about three times as long as wide, roundly truncate at the apex, inner apical margin with a slight rounded projection bearing a group of setae; surface of sidepiece, with microtrichia, scaled and bearing long stout and short slender setae. Clasper (Dististyle) expanded medially to more than twice the width at the base (from side), con- stricted apically and bearing a short stout retrorse terminal spine; surface rugose, with a few setae from round openings; inner portion bearing microtrichia, outer apical margin with a thin clear membranous area. Claspette slender, well separated from the sidepiece; apical portion bent laterad and bearing three flattened appendages at the apex, one of these short and rounded, the other two, large, curled, contorted and acute leaflets; numerous apical marginal and sub- marginal slender, distally feathered setae. Lobes of ninth tergite connected by a broad sclerotized band, each lobe mound-like, covered with fine microtrichia and bearing numerous long slender setae from distinct tubercles. Ninth sternite with a group of setae, medially on the posterior margin. Tenth sternite (Para- proct) membranous, spicular, supported by two sclerotized strips bearing one or more small denticles apically; several small setae occur on the subapical region. Mesosome (Phallosome) open ventrally and closed on the dorso-apical half; basal portion wide, the part beyond the middle tapering towards the apex. (In non-flattened specimens the apical portion of the claspette with its setae are curved upwards in a dorsal direction showing the feathered tips of the appendages. In this position the claspettes of horrida appear somewhat shorter than those in ferox and usually the tip of the apical contorted leaflet (in horrida) does not reach the hollow region, on the sidepiece, which holds the clasper. However when the specimen is flattened under a cover slip the setae can be clearly seen from the side, the claspette is somewhat elongated and the distal curled leaflet may reach the apical hollow or go beyond. In non-flattened specimens of ferox the claspette appears to be longer and have less of a dorsal curvature, while the distal contorted leaflet usually reaches, or goes beyond, the base of the apical hollow on the sidepiece. In some specimens this leaflet may actually reach the apex of the sidepiece itself. However these differences are probably subject to variation and cannot be used to safely separate the geni- talia of ferox from horrida.) Female:—Head: Proboscis long, slender of uniform width throughout, labellae long and conical, uniformly dark-scaled. Palpi (Fig. 7) short, the dark scales and setae giving a roughened appearance; segment four about equal in length, or only a little longer than the first three combined, its sides usually gently curved, base slightly constricted and apex roundly tapered (clearly seen in KOH treated specimens); tip of fourth segment sometimes with a small knob- like projection. Antennae slender, segments pilose, hairs of whorls sparse and long; tori globose with a patch of pale broad scales on the inner surface. Vertex with broad appressed white to creamy scales, some narrow ones on occipital region and a patch of flat broad violet black ones on each side; forked erect scales mostly yellowish, a few dark ones near the patch of flat dark scales; ocular and vertical setae mostly dark, frontal setae pale; scales along margins of eyes 8 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 1, JAN., 1945 pale, mostly broad. Thorax: Mesonotum with a broad median band of dark narrow scales and short dark bristles; sides of disc with broad white to yellowish- white scales and long and short dark and pale setae; some broad white to yellowish-white scales surrounding the antescutellar area. Scutellum trilobate, pale-scaled. Anterior and posterior pronotal lobes and postspiracular plate with numerous broad white scales and pale and dark setae; subspiracular area nude or nearly so; propleural plate with broad white scales; sternopleural and mesepimeral plates with nude apical regions, the remainder covered with broad recumbent white scales; meron, nude and dark. Legs: Prothoracic leg:—Integu- ment of coxa pale, with a dense patch of white scales and with or without a few dark ones apically; outer surface of femur mostly violet-scaled with some yellowish scales near the base, inner surface with violet scales at the apical third, the remainder yellowish; white femoral knee spots present; tibia and tarsus with dark appressed scales and some short suberect setae. Mesothoracic leg:-— Integument of coxa darker than fore or hind coxa with a patch of scales similar to that on the fore coxa; femur violet-scaled on the outer surface, inner with yellowish scales extending to the apical third; white femoral knee spot present; tibia and tarsus with dark appressed scales and short suberect setae. Meta- thoracic leg:—Integument of coxa pale, with a basal patch of white scales; femur with a little more than the basal half of the inner and outer surfaces yellowish- scaled, remainder violet; white femoral knee spot present (Fig. 4); tibia with dark appressed slightly roughened scales and short suberect setae; last two tarsal segments white-scaled, the others dark; scales on first two segments roughened. The amount of yellow scales on the femur is somewhat variable as is the scaling of the hind tarsal segments. Usually the white scales (with an occasional dark scale) are restricted to the last two tarsal segments only, although specimens are found with the apex of the third segment white. Sometimes the fourth segment will have some dark scales in definite patterns as follows: (a) dark scales on base and apex of the ventral surface, with or without a few medial dark scales; (b) entirely dark-scaled, or nearly so, on one side only (dorsal or ventral); (c) entirely dark, or nearly so, ventrally, and partly dark-scaled dorsally; (d) dark-scaled on apical ventral half or third; (e) dark-scaled on both dor- sal and ventral apical half; (f) almost entirely dark-scaled (very few white scales); (g) almost entirely dark-scaled; fifth segment with some dark scales; (h) almost entirely dark-scaled ventrally and dark-scaled basally and apically on the dorsal surface; fifth with dark basal and apical rings. (a/and b are not uncommon while the others occur rarely). 4bdomen:—Dorsum of first segment pale-scaled, remainder mostly violet-scaled; segments two to six (sometimes seven) with patches of pale lateral apical scales, the patches larger on the posterior segments; sternites of segments one to three almost entirely yellow, segments four to six with dark scales basally and yellow scales apically, the seventh segment almost entirely violet-scaled. Larva (Fig. 10):—Head wider than long, bulging laterally. Antennae spinu- late, slightly curved, gradually tapering distally, shorter than (rarely as long as) head; a small multiple tuft (7 or more branches) just beyond the middle usually not reaching the apex of the antenna; 1 short and 3 long spines at the tip. Lower head hairs usually triple, sometimes double; upper head hairs double or triple; head hairs short, with branches all about the same diameter and length, PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 1, JAN., 1945 9 AIR TUBE COMB SCALE, SEGMENT Fig. 10, Psorophora horrida (D. and K.) fourth instar larval characters. usually reaching about the middle of the preantennal tuft, or a little beyond the base of the antenna, never beyond the preclypeus. Preantennal tuft with 5 or more branches (usually more than 7) and generally not reaching beyond the preclypeus. Antennal, preantennal and head hairs finely frayed. Lateral abdominal hairs longer on first two segments than on succeeding segments (these are small and often difficult to see on segments IV to VII); multiple on segments I and II; usually 3, sometimes 4 branched on segments III to VI (rarely single on segment VI); 2 or 3 branched on segment VII. Comb scales of eighth abdominal segment usually 7, but from 5 to 8 in num- ber (variable on either side of the same specimen and sometimes in a partial double row), arising from the posterior margin of a weakly sclerotized plate. Individual comb scale with a large central spine and several smaller ones on each side. A single simple hair arises between two multiple tufts (branches frayed) posterior to the lateral comb. Air tube inflated, generally more than three times as long as wide at the base. Usually 5, but from 2 to 8 pecten teeth (variable on either side of the same speci- men) arise basally; the apical pecten teeth often with several smaller spinules at the base; however, the number of these basal spinules on each pecten tooth is variable. A minute multiple ventral tuft, whose branches are usually smaller than the length of a pecten tooth, arises ventro-laterally on the apical third. 10 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 1, JAN., 1945 Dorsal preapical spine about one-half to two-thirds the length of a pecten tooth. Dorsal apical hair about one and one-half to two times longer than the dorsal preapical spine; other apical hairs (ventral) short, one pair single the other with several fine branches a short distance from the base. Anal segment longer than wide, ringed by plate; ventral brush consisting usually of 14 tufts (sometimes 15, rarely 13 or 16 tufts) which perforate the plate along the mid-ventral line; dorsal brush a long hair and a multiple tuft on each side; lateral hair small and multiple, branched a short distance from the base; 4 tapering anal gills, longer than the anal segment. Lieutenant Charles B. Eaton has reared horrida and recorded data on the biology of this species. The larval description is based on material kindly supplied by him. The information concerning the habits of horrida, given in the following para- graphs, is taken practically verbatim from a personal letter of Lt. Eaton’s, dated October 12, 1944. Collections of P. horrida on the Fort Benning Reservation have been made at intervals during the last two years. The species was first taken on June 22, 1943, and again on July 1 and 10 ofthe same year. During 1944 the species has been collected, on several occasions, in a locality which is the only natural breeding site thus far discovered for horrida on the reservation. This site is located in the Alabama Area, State of Alabama, immediately northeast of the Alabama Landing Strip, and about a mile southwest of the Chattahoochee River, at a point which marks the boundary between the states of Georgia and Alabama. While the species may be present in other parts of Fort Benning, records of some 15,000 mosquitoes collected at this military installation during 1943 and 1944 fail to indicate its occurrence outside the Alabama Area. P. horrida breeds locally in temporary pools, that exist under cover of partial shade, following prolonged rains. The breed- ing site dries out completely and remains dry for several weeks at intervals throughout the year. However, when the area is flooded after these dry periods, the eggs hatch and the larvae seem to develop with great rapidity. The adults emerge in large numbers. Collection records indicate that the great ma- jority of a given generation of horrida emerge almost simul- taneously. Once an emergence has occurred it is almost im- possible to find larvae of the species. even when the breeding places are not completely dried up. ‘The adult females rest on low vegetation, close to the ground. When disturbed they swarm hungrily upward on the intruder and lose no time in biting. The duration of the adult stage under natural condi- tions is not definitely known but field collection records indi- cate that the life span of the females is probably about a month. In the first emergence that occurred this season horrida females began to appear in numbers about May 10, and disappeared in PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 1, JAN., 1945 11 mid-June. Following the second emergence, which began about August 15 the females were numerous until the second week in September. Nothing is known of the life span of the males, but presumably it is of short duration. Adults are commonly associated with the following other species: Psorophora ferox, P. varipes, P. cyanescens, P. ciliata, Aedes vexans, A. mitchellae, A. dupreei, A. sticticus, and A. atlanticus or tormentor. ‘The foregoing records are based on collections, at the breeding site (horrida), of adults made simul- taneously with collections of P. horrida as the mosquitoes alighted on the body or clothing of the collector. The determi- nation of species associated in the larval stage with P. horrida has been hampered by the confusion existing in the separation of this species and P. ferox; however, larvae of 4edes vexans, A. atlanticus, A. dupreei, and P. ferox have been collected in associ- ation with larvae subsequently determined as horrida. Since larvae of horrida proved to be difficult to collect in their native habitat, an attempt was made to rear them from the egg stage. Following the emergence that occurred in mid- August little difficulty was experienced in finding females to provide the eggs. On August 21, approximately 35 females were captured and transported to the laboratory where they were confined in groups of 3 to 6 in pint jars covered with cheese cloth. About an inch of moist sand was placed in the bottom of each jar to provide a site for egg deposition. Prior to the initial con- finement each mosquito was allowed to feed to repletion on human blood. Few of the mosquitoes appeared to have fed before and nearly all took blood readily. Throughout their confinement the females were allowed to feed on humans every 2 or 3 days. ‘The maximum number of blood meals taken by any one female was 9, and the minimum number 4. The average length of survival of the adult females after being caged was 914 days, with a maximum of 16 days and a minimum of 2 days. Since no males were present in the collection, fertilization of the females presumably took place in the field prior to their capture. A number of females died in the cages before egg deposition began, and it may be that these females had not mated. Oviposition was observed on several occasions. In some cases the eggs were strewn out on the surface of the soil, but usually they were tucked away in tiny crevices behind particles of soil about 1 mm. from the surface, where they were invisible from above. The newly laid eggs are creamy-white in color but become black in a short time, and seem to be sticky. Hatching of the eggs seems to be stimulated by a previous dry- ing period. In a rearing jar flooded 2 days after oviposition began, tiny larvae were not observed until 6 days after the water had been added. In other jars not flooded immediately i) PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 1, JAN., 1945 larvae appeared, in several instances, within 15 minutes after flooding. The larvae of horrida are bottom feeders, but just what their natural food consists of could not be determined. In the labora- tory, pulverized dog biscuit and a yeast suspension were sup- plied for food. Larvae developed to the fourth instar on this diet with reasonable success; however, these mature larvae were not particularly robust individuals, and a large percentage were unable to pupate successfully. Under the conditions of the study there was a wide range in the length of time spent in the larval stage. The shortest period required for development from egg to pupa was 8 days, while the longest period was 18 days. The number of individuals to successfully reach the pupal stage was not sufficient to furnish a valid average. As noted above, however, field collections indicate that the range in development time is much narrower than the rearings indi- cate and it is probable that most of the larvae pupate within 7 days or less in their native habitat. A total of 9 P. horrida adults, with associated larval skins, have been reared through from the egg stage at this writing. Of this number 6 were males and 3 were females. The length of the pupal period varied from | to 3 days in these rearings, with most of the adults emerging within 2 days. The male records of Psorophora horrida are listed below: Atapama: Maxwell Field, Montgomery, V-—6, 8-43 (light Trap) 3; Alabama Area of the Fort Benning Reservation (northeast of Alabama Landing Strip and about a mile south- west of the Chattahoochee River at a point which marks the boundary between the states of Georgia and Alabama), V-3-44 (C. B. Eaton) 4 (reared from larvae); [X—12, 13, 14, 16, 21-44; X-444 (C. B. Eaton) 6 (reared from eggs); Mrssis- sippI: Camp Shelby, Hattiesburg, V—25—44 (C. D. Michener) 1; Norra Carona: Camp Sutton, Monroe, VII-26—-43, 1. Oxtanoma: Dawson, Tulsa Co., V—15—44, 5. SoutTn Caro- tina: Myrtle Beach Bombing Range, Horry Co., VIII—-16—43 (light Trap), 1. Female specimens of P. horrida have been examined from the following localities 4 (specimens received at the Fourth Service Command Medical Laboratory, and those borrowed from the Seventh Service Command Laboratory, Fort Omaha, Nebraska; Dr. Robert Matheson, Cornell University; Dr. H. B. Hunger- ford, University of Kansas; and Dr. F. A. Fenton, Oklahoma, A. and M. College). Atasama: Town Creek; Mobile; Selma; Gadsden; Montgomery; Tuskegee; Florence; Alabama Area of 4 Horrida females have been taken fairly commonly throughout the south- eastern states; only towns or counties are listed, and no collection data is given for the numerous specimens examined. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 1, JAN., 1945 is the Fort Benning Reservation. Arxansas: Little Rock (1) >; Fort Smith (2); Helena (1); Danville (2); Vanburen (2); Strong; Scott. District or CotumBia: Washington. Grorcia: Macon; Welleston; Augusta; Rome; Fort Oglethorpe. ILurnois: Eliza- beth. Inpiana: Lafayette. Iowa: Algona; Folletts, Clinton Co. Kawnsas: Coffeyville; Fort Riley; Independence; Junction City; Lawrence. Kentucky: Meade Co. Louisiana: Baton Rouge. Marytanp: Plummers Island (1). Mrssissrippr: Aber- deen; Corinth (2; one of these is designated as the lectotype); Jackson (2); Westpoint (1); Grenada; Meridian; Hattiesburg; Biloxi; Columbus; Greenwood; Clinton; Centerville. Missourt: Charleston, Mississippi Co.; Jefferson Barracks; Rosecrans Field, Buchanan Co. Nortu Carourina: Monroe; Fayetteville; Maxton; Rockingham; Goldsboro. Onto: Marion County. Ox.iaHomMa: Wister (3); Sherwood; Gore; Eagletown. Soutu Carouina: Columbia; Sumter; Horry Co. ‘TENNESSEE: Rives GG) aChattancoga.d (1) Texas: Denison (1); Dallas (6). Greenville (3); Kirbyville. Vrrernta: Woodstock (1). Larval specimens of Psorophora horrida have been examined from: AtaBaMA: Alabama Area of the Fort Benning Reserva- tion, 1[X—-16—44 (C. B. Eaton) 36 (reared from eggs); [X—9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 19, 20-44, X-3-44 (C. B. Eaton) 9 fourth instar exuviae (reared from eggs). Mussissrpp1: Hattiesburg, 1V—6-— 43, 4. Psorophora (Janthinosoma) longipalpis, new species Aedes horridus Dyar and Knab, 1908, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 35:56 (in part). Psorophora horridus (Dyar and Knab): Howard, Dyar and Knab, 1917, Mosq. No. and Cent. Amer. and W. I., 2:561 (in part). Psorophora (Janthinosoma) horridus (Dyar and Knab): Dyar, 1922, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 62:36 (in part); Matheson, 1934, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 36:41-43 (describes male). Psorophora (Janthinosoma) horrida (Dyar and Knab), Rozeboom, 1939, Jour. Para., 25:145-147 (describes larva). Psorophora horrida (D. and K.), King, Bradley and McNeel, 1942, USDA, Misc. Pub. 336:51, 79 (in part; use Rozeboom’s larval description); Roze- boom, 1942, Oklahoma Agr. and Mech. Col. Agr. Exp. St. Technical Bulle- tin No. T-16:45. Holotype Male-—Head: Proboscis long, slender, uniformly dark-scaled, with a distinct apical swelling, labellae long and conical. Palpi (Fig. 17) longer than proboscis, with dark appressed scales, the last two segments little, if any, en- larged; third segment with a few long bristles at the apex, penultimate and terminal segments without long setae. Antennae (Fig. 17) reaching well beyond °'The parentheses indicate that these specimens were among Dyar and Knab’s original cotype material and the figure shows the number present. The total number of specimens examined, other than this cotype material, is not shown although several hundred have been seen. 14 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 1, JAN., 1945 the apex of the third palpal segment; last two antennal segments elongated, both longer than the preceding segments combined; hairs of whorls numerous (but distinctly fewer than in P. horrida) and long; tori dark, globose and with a patch of pale scales on the inner side; vertex clothed with both lanceolate and broad recumbent white scales and some pale and dark erect forked scales; a patch of flat violet-black scales on each side flanked on top by broad recumbent white scales and broad yellowish ones on bottom; recumbent pale scales along margin of eye narrow; frontal setae pale and long, ocular and vertical setae dark. Thorax: Mesonotum with a broad median band of narrow bronzy-brown scales and short dark setae; sides with very broad, flat white scales and long, mostly dark, setae; a few broad white scales, medially on the antescutellar area. Scu- tellum trilobate, clothed with pale scales, the lobes with long black bristles. Pleural sclerites and coxae as described later for the female. Legs: Prothoracic leg:—outer surface of femur with some yellowish scales basally, remainder violet- scaled; inner surface with yellowish scales running the entire length; femoral knee spot absent; tibia and tarsus with dark appressed scales and very few short suberect bristles; last tarsal segment (Fig. 13) scaled and setose, narrowed medially with a small basal projection on the posterior margin, bearing numerous small pointed scales and some large spines; a row of several large stout spines on the basal half along the posterior margin; large tarsal claw with a small basal and larger medial tooth; smaller claw with a long medial, tapered, apically rounded tooth. Mesothoracic leg (Fig. 11):—femur violet-scaled on outer surface, inner with some yellowish scales extending to the apex; femoral knee spot absent; tibia with dark recumbent scales and some very short suberect setae (no long bristles); tarsus with dark appressed scales; last tarsal segment (Fig. 14) scaled and setose, nearly of equal width throughout, with some long hairs arising from enlarged tubercles, about the middle of the posterior margin; large tarsal claw with a small basal, apically-rounded tooth and a larger medial one; smaller tarsal claw with a long medial tooth (one specimen lacked this medial tooth on the smaller claw). Metathoracic leg:—femur with about the basal half of the inner and outer surfaces yellowish-scaled, remainder violet; femoral knee spot absent; tibia with dark scales little roughened, and some some short suberect setae; last two tarsal segments and sometimes tip of third, white-scaled; dark suberect scales on first two segments, only slightly roughened, plus some short erect setae (the hind legs appear much less shaggy than horrida); both tarsal claws about equal in size and each with a medial, basally broad and apically pointed, tooth. dbdomen:—dorsum almost entirely violet-blue-scaled, a few apical lateral pale scales. Sternites nearly entirely yellow-scaled, except for the entire eighth and the basal medial part of the seventh segments which are violet-scaled. Bulbous sidepieces of the genitalia covered with violet scales and long pale setae. Male Hypopygium (partly after Matheson, 1934) (Fig. 2):—Sidepiece cylindri- cal, short, stout at least half as wide as long with long and short setae and numerous recumbent and suberect scales; apex with a stout finger-like process projecting medially and clothed with slender hairs; inner face of each sidepiece with a large depression for housing the claspettes. Clasper short, narrowed at base and gradually expanded and rounded distally, terminating in a short spine; surface only slightly rugose; a small projection bearing several short setae on the PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 1, JAN., 1945 5 Figs. 11-17, Psorophora longipalpis n. sp. adult characters (drawn to same scale as Figures 3-9). 11, Femur (without knee spot) and tibia (without numer- ous long setae) of mesothoracic leg of male; 12, Metathoracic femur (without knee spot) of female; 13, Last tarsal segment and tarsal claws of prothoracic leg of male (scales and majority of setae not indicated); 14, Last tarsal segment and tarsal claws of mesothoracic leg of male (scales and majority of setae not indi- cated); 15, Palpi and proboscis of female; 16, Tip of last palpal segment (greatly enlarged) of female. 17, Antenna, proboscis and palp of male. outer margin below the tip. Claspettes each with two divergent branches termi- nating in a long comparatively stout recurving spine; the larger branch with a small extension bearing two spines and numerous short slender setae and small flattened leaflets on and around the extension; the smaller branch with a slight projection, at the base bearing a short spine. Mesosome cone-shaped, open ventrally closed almost entirely dorsally, with a narrow marginal flange around the small basal opening. Tenth sternites with lateral supporting sclerotized strips ending in a short denticle. Ninth segment narrowed and retracted largely within the eighth. Lobes of ninth tergite projecting medially, without setae, the apical margin invaginated and sometimes bearing a central tooth-like projection; basally the lobes give off lateral projections which converge to form a dark band down the center. Ninth sternite with a medial area bearing a group of slender setae on the posterior margin. Female:—Head: Proboscis dark-scaled, long and slender, almost uniform in width, labellae long and conical. Palpi (Fig. 15) comparatively long, dark- scaled, roughened, setose, the fourth segment elongated, and more than one and 16 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 1, JAN., 1945 one-half times longer than the preceding segments combined; sides of segment four parallel, of uniform width throughout (clearly seen in KOH treated speci- mens) and roundly truncate at tip; tip of fourth segment usually with a small setose projection which may or may not bear a long bristle (Fig. 16). Antennae slender, segments pilose, hairs of whorls, sparse and long; tori globose with a patch of flat pale scales on the inner surface. Vertex with both broad and nar- row recumbent white scales, a patch of broad flat violet scales on the sides flanked by broad flat white or creamy scales on top and broad yellowish-white scales on bottom; white erect forked scales, numerous over a large area, some dark ones usually restricted to the occipital region; scales along margin of eye mostly narrow and recumbent; frontal setae pale, ocular and vertical setae dark. Thorax:—Mesonotum black with a broad median band of narrow dark bronzy-brown scales and a few short dark setae; sides with broad flat white to yellowish scales; supraalar setae long and dark; lanceolate pale scales intermixed with the broad ones at the posterior third of the mesonotum; some broad palescales and long dark setae, surrounding the antescutellar area. Scutellum trilobate, the lobes with long black bristles and pale scales. Anterior and posterior pronotal lobes with long dark setae and a few broad pale scales; postspiracular plate with a few pale scales and setae; subspiracular area wide, sometimes a few pale scales; sternopleural and mesepimeral plates with nude apical regions the remainder covered with broad recumbent white scales; propleural plate with broad flat white scales; meron, nude and dark. Legs: Prothoracic leg:—Integu- ment of coxa yellow with a dense patch of broad white scales and pale setae; outer surface of femur with yellow scales basally, remainder violet-scaled; inner surface with yellow scales reaching apex; suberect setae numerous; femoral knee spot absent; tibia and tarsus with dark scales and suberect setae. Mesothoracic leg:—Integument of coxa brown with pale scales apically and violet scales basally (rarely all pale-scaled); outer surface of femur violet-scaled with yellow scales reaching almost to the apex on the inner surface; femoral knee spot absent; tibia and tarsus with dark scales and suberect setae. Metathoracic leg:—Integu- ment of coxa yellow, nearly nude with a few yellowish scales and setae; femur with yellow scales reaching the apical third (both surfaces); femoral knee spot absent (Fig. 12); tibia and first three tarsal segments dark-scaled, roughened, last two segments and sometimes the tip of the third white-scaled. The fourth hind tarsal segment may rarely have some dark scales intermixed with the white scales. Abdomen:—Dorsum of first segment yellow-scaled, the other segments violet-scaled with small yellowish lateral apical patches distinct on segments four to six (sometimes seven); sternite of segment seven dark, the others mostly yellow-scaled except for some dark ones basally on segment six and sometimes five. Larva (largely after Rozeboom, 1939) (Fig. 18):—Head broader than long, bulging laterally. Antennae spinulate, curved, somewhat swollen basally and tapering distally, longer than head; a small multiple tuft (5 to 7 branches) beyond the middle; one short and 3 long spines at the tip. Upper and lower head hairs double, long, the tips reaching to or beyond the preclypeus. (In the two specimens seen, one branch on each head hair was shorter and more slender than the other). Antennal, preantennal, and head hairs with very fine, short lateral branchlets. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 1, JAN., 1945 17 AIR TUBE COMB SCALE Fig. 18, Psorophora longipalpis n. sp. fourth instar larval characters (drawn to same scale as Figure 10). Lateral abdominal hairs multiple; long on first two segments and shorter on succeeding segments. On segment III these hairs have 3 to 7 branches, while on segments IV ,V and VI, they have 3 to 5, rarely 2, branches. Comb scales of eighth abdominal segment seven in number, arranged in an arc at the posterior edge of a weakly sclerotized plate. Each scale has a long central spine flanked on each side by 1 or 2 smaller, stout ones; several more slender spinules below the stout ones, on each side. Posterior to the comb scales are 3 hairs, the outer 2 multiple (with branches frayed) and the middle one double or single (without lateral branchlets). Air tube inflated, about 3 or more times as long as the width at the base, with 3 or 4 short pecten spines on the basal third; a very small, multiple ventral tuft laterally on about the apical third; branches of the ventral tuft very fine and may be.as long as a pecten tooth; dorsal preapical spine about one-third the length of a pecten tooth; dorsal apical hair about 6 or more times as long as the dorsal preapical spine; other apical hairs (ventral) consisting of 2 long single hairs and a shorter multiple pair. 18 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 1, JAN., 1945 Anal segment longer than wide, ringed by plate; ventral brush consisting of 19 or 20 (2 specimens) tufts which pierce the plate along the mid-ventral line. Dorsal brush a long hair and a multiple tuft on each side. Lateral hair very small, usually split apically into several branches, but occasionally it may be single. Anal gills long and tapering. Rozeboom (1939) records some observations regarding the habits of longipalpis. The larvae breed in heavily shaded, temporary rain pools. None were taken in nearby puddles exposed to the sun. Other species associated in the same pools with longipalpis were Psorophora confinnis, P. signipennts, P. cyanescens, P. ferox, Aedes vexans, A. trivittatus, and Ano- pheles punctipennis. Except for ferox, longipalpis appeared to breed a little more slowly than the other species. Holotype: Male (terminalia on slide), Fayetteville, Arkansas, August 24, 1933 (H. H. Schwardt) deposited in the U. S. Na- tional Museum. Paratypes: Kansas: Parsons, Labette Co., VI-2-43, 1 female. Missouri: Atherton, Jackson Co., June (C. F. Adams), 1 female; Rosecrans Field, Buchanan Co., VI-23-44 (C. E. Norland) 3 females. Oxianoma: Dawson, V—15—44, 3 males, 3 females; Tulsa, VIII—-1—38 (Rozeboom) 1 male (terminalia on slide), 2 females; Henryetta, VI—-28-34 (C. A. Sooter), 2 females. Sout Daxota: Springfield, VI-25—24, 1 male (terminalia on slide), VI-27-24, 1 female. TExas: Bastrop Co., VI-1-44, 1 female; Brazos Co., VIII—3—43, 1 male; Brownsville, VIII-— 29-16 (M. M. High), 8 females, VIII-30-16 (M. M. High) 1 female; Harris Co., VIII-6-43 (Ogden), 6 females, XI—1-39, 1 female; Victoria, VIII-13—02 (W. E. Hinds), 5 females, VI-— 11-07 (R. A. Cushman), 8 females, VI-14-07 (J. D. Mitchell), 7 females. The following specimens were among Dyar and Knab’s origi- nal cotypes (No. 11999) and all are from TExas: Cypress Bayou, Orange (Co. VWI 23-03) Gi Di Mitchell); 1 “iemale; Dallas, VI-28 (H. S. Barber), 1 female; Denison, VI-24 (H. S. Barber), 3 females; Greenville, VI-30—04 (H. S. Barber), 2 females. All but the following specimens are deposited in the United States National Museum: 1 male, 7 females in the Laboratory of the Texas State Board of Health; 1 male and 1 female at Cornell University; 3 females at the Seventh Service Command Laboratory, Fort Omaha, Nebraska; 1 female at the University of Kansas; 1 female at the Oklahoma A. and M. College; 3 males and 3 females at the Oklahoma State Health Depart- ment, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. : Discussion In spite of the fact that the genitalia of horrida and ferox are similar, the larval and adult (color) differences are so constant Cros PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 1, JAN., 1945 19 [Seg 777-7 Male P HORRIDA ©Male P LONGIPALPIS Q= Female P HORRIDA @=Female P LONGIPALPIS Q=Male & female PHORRIDA =Male & female P LONGIPALPIS ¢=Female R LONGIPALPIS & P HORRIDA | \ —_ (RES a tay tes pa NE we { | ae | ry g % x i ~~, f vt i Q i y / ; a e xe / H < bo AG; ee Fn ae lee te a 1 ees Ch fan eee Fane OKLA. eerie a ———oo = < ws i H ¢g H ARK ae es i H \ j a gD at : ro miss. Fo “ALA. eat =F ? u Sey gi Q 2 ce ei ' ; Wane Qi ff 3 Q X ; nen ( 9% oH \ TEXAS Figure !9 Fig. 19, Map showing the distribution of Psorophora longipalpis n. sp. and Psorophora horrida (D. and K.), based on an examination of males and females of both species. (The five males of P. horrida, from Tulsa County, Dawson, Oklahoma, were received too late to be included jin the map). that both should remain as distinct species. It is not unusual _to find two different species with similar male genitalia. Psoro- phora confinnis (L.-Arr.) and P. discolor (Coq.) are easily separated by color yet their male genitalia are very similar, and examples of species with genitalia similarities and color differences are found in other genera. In general Jongipalpis is a larger and more robust species (adults and larvae) than horrida. The chief differences between these two species are summarized in Table 1. Longipalpis females can be separated at once from horrida by the absence of femoral knee spots, longer palpi (particularly the elongated fourth palpal segment), and the greater amount of yellow scales on the abdominal sternites. ‘The males of the two species are separated not only by the remarkably different genitalia (/ongi- palpis may be recognized macroscopically by their bulbous sidepieces; Rozeboom, 1939) but by the differences in palpi, antennae and legs, as described in the text and Table 1. The 20 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 1, JAN., 1945 larvae of horrida can be distinguished from both longipalpis and ferox by their short antennae and short head hairs. Longi- palpis is separated from ferox by the multiple lateral abdominal hairs on segments IV to VI. ‘These are double on segment IV and single on V and VI, in ferox. Although the base of the antenna of longipalpis is apparently slightly more swollen than in ferox, Rozeboom (1939) believes that this character is not a satisfactory one. Unfortunately the records of P. longipalpis are scarce and for this reason the known distribution of this species as shown in Figure 19 is spotty. The records for P. horrida however are fairly complete, particularly for the southeastern states. Based on examinations of male and female specimens, Figure 19 shows the distribution of both species. Horrida is predominantly an eastern species while longipalpis appears to be a midwestern form and from available specimens, has not been recorded farther east than Atherton, Missouri, Fayetteville, Arkansas, and Orange County, ‘Texas. However horrida has been taken as far west as Fort Riley, Kansas, and Denison and Dallas, Texas. ‘This has resulted in an area where both species overlap. Further collections are necessary in these midwestern states before an exact distribution picture can be drawn. Psorophora horrida has not been recorded from Montana (Mail, 1934), Nebraska (Tate and Wirth, 1942; Tate and Gates, 1944), Minnesota (Owen, 1937) and Utah (Rees, 1943). Records of P. horrida taken from available literature are as follows: LOCALITY AUTHORITY INDIANA— Dyar, Clark Co.; Marion Co.; Vigo Co.. Christensen and Harmston (1944) lowa— Schick Generall Hospitals... 02-5. 046 Seventh S. C. Laboratory Des Moines; Follets 7, Clinton Co.; Du- Rowe (1942 a, b) buque, Dubuque Co.; Shenandoah, Page Co.; Ames, Story Co.; Washing- ton, Washington Co.; Sioux City, Woodbury Co. Kansas— Antlers, Alva, Byars, Blue, Checotah, Rozeboom (1942) Durant, Eagletown’, Goodland, School, Grant, Golden Gore’, Henry- etta®, Hugo, Moon, Nelson, Perkins, Ripley Bluffs, Shawnee®, Stillwater, Summerfield, Sawyer, Sherwood ’, Tulsa ®, 7, Valliant, Westville. Atchinson Co.; Manhattan....... Hill (1939) Concordia POW Camp; Canp Dadees Seventh S. C. Laboratory Fort Leavenworth. 21 ‘(OT ‘Stq) autds [eotdeoid ‘(ST ‘Styq) autds [eotde [es1Op JO YASUE] sow Q°7-¢*] ynoge sey [eoide yesiog | -o1d [essop ueyQ so8uo] sou Z 0 9 aey Jeotde [esiog |*-eqny, my ‘(OT “S8tq) snadAjsoid ay} Suryseer you ‘I10ys sey “(ST “S31q) snedApsard ay3 puodaq Buryovai ‘Buoy peoy ‘peoy (sv suo] se Ajeie1) ueYyy JoJIOYs seuUaUY | sIIey pray Jamo] pur Joddn ‘Peay uvyy Josuo] svuusquy |*****peazy |- VAUVT CEOS Cre) out) ONO CHOI ] dans Oo gly tae cae oe pe a an ler (ahs) *erpeyuayy “MOT[OA uorqiod [varde ‘payeos -JQJOIA. uOTjIOd = _[eseq *papeos-Moy[aA Aos1R] YIM sozusezs Jo Aquoleyy sa}tutays jo Ajrsoleyy *-uawopqy *Q pure ¢ SOINSIT UI se ‘FI pue SME] [Sie *(¢ *S3I,J) “sal eos ¢] SeINZIJ ul se s8a]_ pru "sayvos ouIyM aejas yOaIoqns Zuo] MO]]aA4 pasiodsip Maj v pue a10f} Jo sme[o [esiey jo yoqyed [eseq e YIM SNOIOUINU YIM oeIqn AjUO YUM opnu AyIvau ‘(II “3tJ) 9¥1es Buoy yno oexXOo-puly !(F “SIyJ) US -puly pue -pru ‘jue aexod puly ‘(Z] ‘3I.f) -YUIM aeIqi}-puly pur -pru -said sjods sauy [vious | -soid sjods sauy [eioway | Juasqe sjods aauy [e1owey | ‘juasqe sjods sauy [eloway |° °° °° ssaT_T | LInay “(ZT “Stq) 298} -Ins JOUUI UO salvos a[ed jo (6 31) ‘opnu yored & yim sni0j Sparayy Sn1O} Spotoyjeoy ATIAvozy -eoy Apysy] Apoaeiedwog |* ‘osveuuaquy PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 1, JAN., 1945 "(Z 817) pautquios Sjuasuiseas Zulpasoid 24} urYy} Jasuo] ‘Aue jI aq] JUawISas [eUTWIOT, 6 ‘SIq) sefasisq Buoy yy qUswsas 9} eUTI[NUed 242 ‘“pesivjus Apu “(ST "3I,J) PeUIquIOD sjusUI -398 Sulpasoid ay ueyy Jasuo] sawn ¢*T ueyy -sIp squaw3as om} yseq | aiow quaures [eurUrta J, AZ "1q) JUatsas o}evUIN[NUA|d uO sa[}sIIq Suo, ou fsauo snolAaiId se YIpIMm ours ynoqe s]UdUIS—S OM} 4se'T oS ual ea 9] Puls eTFIN (M8 'q) vpiss0y vsoydososg $$ tt ‘ds -u ‘s1djodi3uo] “gq pure (“YI 9 °C) vptssoy “gq JO avarv] pue sayewoy ‘sopeuT useMIEq saoUaZayIp JIYO—'T AAV], o[ Pus oP satsads mau ‘sidjpdisuo] vsoydosos gy eInjonsys 22 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 1, JAN., 1945 Louis1aNA— Baton Rouge 7; Camp Claiborne, Rapides Bradley, Fritz and Perry (1944) Parish; Leesville, Vernon Co. Missouri— Camp Clark; Jefferson Barracks 7; Fort Seventh S.C. Laboratory Leonard Wood. ; Spanish Lake; Creve Coeur Lake; Adams and Gordon (1943) Gumbo; Wicks; Columbia; Acres. NeEBRASKA— Romy OmelbMooosuewoesdedsobeoobnoDeT Seventh S. C. Laboratory SourH CaroLina— Columbia, Richland Gon. so. cere: « Bradley, Fritz and Perry (1943) TExas— Southeastern part of state °,7.......... McGregor and Eads (1943) The South Carolina and Indiana records are probably horrida. Practically all (see footnotes 6 and 7) of the other records were taken from regions where both species may possibly occur and therefore these should be considered doubtful until specimens from these localities are re-examined. LITERATURE CITED Adams, C. F. and Gordon, W. M., 1943, Notes on Mosquitoes of Missouri (Diptera: Culicidae). Ent. News, 54:232-235. Bonne, C. and Bonne-Wepster, J., 1925, The Mosquitoes of Surinam. Konink- lijke Vereeniging het Koloniaal Institut te Amsterdam. Mededeeling No. XXI, Afdeeling Tropische Hygiene No. 13, pp. 1-558. Bradley, G. H., Fritz, Roy F., and Perry, L. E., 1944, Additional Mosquito Records for the Southeastern States. Journ. of Econ. Ent., 37:109. Cerqueira, N., 1939, Sobre Psorophora lutzit Theobald, Psorophora albipes Theo- bald e Psorophora forceps n. sp. (Diptera: Culicidae). Revista de Entomol- ogia, 10:78-85. Christensen, G. R. and Harmston, F. C., 1944, A Preliminary list of the Mosqui- toes of Indiana. Journ. of Econ. Ent., 37:111. Dyar, H. G., 1928, The Mosquitoes of the Americas. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Publication No. 387, pp. 1-616. Dyar, H. G. and F. Knab, 1906, Diagnoses of new species of mosquitoes. Biol. Soc. Washington, Proc. 19:133-142. , 1908, Descriptions of some new mosquitoes from Tropical America. U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc. 35:53-70. 6 Specimens seen from these localities have been longipalpis. ‘The positive male records from Shawnee (Fig. 19) are based on Rozeboom’s description of specimens seen near Shawnee on July 11, 1940. He states ‘‘even in their resting places the males could be identified by the bulbous terminalia.” ‘These were undoubtedly longipalpis since horrida males do not have bulbous terminalia. 7 Specimens examined from these localities have been horrida. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 1, JAN., 1945 23 Edwards, F. W., 1941, Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian region. III.—Culicine adults and pupae. Adlard and Son, Lmt., London and Dorking, p: 6. Felt, E. P., 1905, Studies in Culicidae. New York State Museum Bulletin 97 (Entomology 24). pp. 442-497, 562-564. Gordon, R. M., and Evans, A. M., 1922, Mosquitoes collected in the Manaos Region of the Amazon. Ann. of Trop. Med. and Para. 16:315-338. Howard, L. O., Dyar, H. G., and Knab, F., 1917, Mosquitoes of North and - Central America and the West Indies, 2:561. Hill, N. D., 1939, Biological and taxonomic observations on the mosquitoes of Kansas. Trans. Kans. Acad. of Sci., 42:264. Mail, G. A., 1934, The Mosquitoes of Montana. Montana State Coll.—Agr. Exp. Station, Bozeman, Montana. Bull. No. 288. Marshall, J. F., 1938, The British Mosquitoes. William Clowes and Sons, Lmt. Matheson, R., 1934, Notes on Psorophora (Janthinosoma) horridus (Dyar and Knab). Proc. Ent. Soc. of Wash., 36:41-43. McGregor, T., and Eads, R. B. 1943, Mosquitoes of Texas. Journ. of Econ. Ent., 36:938-940. Owen, W. B., 1937, The mosquitoes of Minnesota, with special reference to their biologies. Univ. of Minn.—Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull. 126. Rees, D. M., 1943, The mosquitoes of Utah. Bull. of the Univ. of Utah 33. Rowe, J. A., 1942a, Preliminary report on Iowa mosquitoes. Iowa State Coll, Jour. of Sci., 16:211-225. , 1942b, Mosquito light trap catches from ten Iowa cities. Ibid. 16:487- 518. Rozeboom, L. E., 1939, The larva of Psorophora (Janthinosoma) horrida (Dyar and Knab) (Diptera: Culicidae). Jour. of Paras., 25:145-147. , 1942, The mosquitoes of Oklahoma. Okl. Agr. and Mech. Coll., Agr. Exp. Sta., Tech. Bull. No. T-16. Snodgrass, R. E., 1943, The feeding apparatus of biting and disease-carrying flies; a wartime contribution to medical entomology. Smith. Misc. Coll., 1045 No: 15 ps9: Tate, D. H. and Gates, D. B., 1944, The mosquitoes of Nebraska. Univ. of Neb. Coll. of Agr.—Agr. Exp. Sta. Res. Bull., 133. Tate, D. H. and Wirth, W. W., 1942, Notes on mosquitoes in Nebraska (Dip- tera: Culicidae). Ent. News 53:211-215. 24 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 1, JAN., 1945 A NEW PLANT BUG FROM PERU, WITH NOTE ON A NEW GENUS FROM NORTH AMERICA (Miridae: Hemiptera) By Tsa1-Yu Hstao Through the courtesy of Dr. R. I. Sailer of the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U. S. Department of Agri- culture, I have had the opportunity of studying a series of mirid specimens from Peru. ‘These specimens are of particular interest because of the peculiar antennae of the males. The abnormality of antennae is generally rare among the Miridae, especially in the subfamily Orthotylinae to which this series belongs. A careful study of the literature reveals no descrip- tion of such an antennal structure as is possessed by the speci- mens at hand. In 1907, Reuter established the genus Hyalo- chloria with two species, H. caviceps and H. unicolor from Jamaica (Ofv. Fink. Vet. Soc. Forh., 49 (5): 18). Both species were described from female specimens. According to the female characters the present series should belong to this genus. ‘The male antennal structure is undoubtedly a generic character with possible specific variations. In 1916, Van Duzee described a third species, Hyalochloria bella, from California (Univ. Calif. Publ.; Div. Ent. Tech. Bul. 1 (4) : 218), based on one male and four females, without mentioning any unusual character of the antennae. ‘The assumption therefore follows that H. bella V. D. is either not congeneric with Hyalochloria or that the present series represents an undescribed genus. ‘Through Dr. Sailer’s effort I have had the opportunity of examining one female specimen of caviceps (collected from the type locality) and four female specimens of bella (collected from San Bernar- dino Co., Calif., a county neighboring the type locality) bor- rowed from the California Academy of Science. Although no male of either species is available at the present time it can be definitely stated that the Peruvian series belongs to a new species of Hyalochloria and that H. bella Van Duzee represents a new genus, both of which are herewith described. I wish to acknowledge my indebtedness to Mr. Arthur D. Cushman of the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U. 8. Depart- ment of Agriculture, for the execution of the accompanying illustrations. Hyalochloria denticornis, new species (Figs. 3 and 4) Male.—Body ovate, length 2.6 mm., width 1.25 mm., semi-transluscent, stramineous with dark markings, clothed all over with long simple concolorous pubescence. Head vertical, broad, width across eyes 0.65 mm., length seen from above 0.14 mm., height at base seen from side 0.3 mm. Vertex and frons broadly PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47 PLATE 1 — VE eitaceatcoricc: AH deakearnis® [25] 26 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 1, JAN., 1945 and conspicuously excavated between eyes, width of vertex 0.37 mm., narrowly but distinctly marginate. Clypeus moderately prominent, curved backward apically, base placed on a straight line between bases of antennae, obsoletely discrete from frons; jugum and lorum discrete; gena high, about one-half as high as the eye seen from side; gula approximately one-third the length of bucculae. Eyes seen from above small, removed from apex of pronotum, forming a collum behind them, seen from the side large, vertically reniformed, occupying about two-thirds of the height of head, covered sparingly with long simple hairs; collum dark brown excepting the parts behind the eyes, gradually narrowed posteriorly. Rostrum long, length 1 mm., reaching middle of abdomen, apical fourth brownish, segment I distinctly thickened, slightly surpassing base of head. Antennae moderately thick and long, inserted at apex of interior margin of eye, length of segments, 1: II : 1 :1V= 0.25 mm. :0.88 mm. :0.5 mm. : 0.5 mm.; segment I sparingly clothed with simple pubescence intermixed with a few long hairs, incrassate at basal portion, dark at base, with a long stout apical spine on latero-dorsal side, spine placed on a long basal tubercle, about as long as seg- ment is thick, dark brown; segment II clothed more densely with simple hairs than I, intermixed with long hairs only at basal fourth where impressed with two longitudinal grooves, one along the inner latero-ventral side and the other along the outer latero-ventral side, thus forming three longitudinal ridges each armed with a row of small black teeth (the outer row is doubled); a long, apically curved spine located between the distal ends of the inner and middle ridges; spine slenderer but longer than that on segment I, dark brown; the portion ef segment beyond base of spine broadly and distinctly curved ,apical portion darkened; segments III and IV more slender, dark brown. The prominent spines on seg- ments I and II are actually composed of several strengthened or spine-like hairs fused to form a single mass. Pronotum transverse, declivent anteriorly, length 0.32 mm., width at base 0.92 mm., at apex 0.36 mm., lateral margins slightly sinuate behind middle, posterior margin strongly sinuate before scutellum, humeral angles rounded, calli distinct, confluent, with a distinct transverse impressed line separating them from posterior disk of pronotum, apical collar absent; apex of pronotum narrowly, posterior portion of calli, and posterior margin of humeral angles dark brown. Mesonotum broadly exposed, dark brown excepting lateral margins. Scutellum dark brown, distinctly convex, length 0.37 mm., width at base 0.42 mm. (both measurements not including mesonotum). Hemelytra explanate, semitransluscent, reaching apex of abdomen at apex of commissure; embolium slightly broadened posteriorly, embolial margins dis- tinctly convex, length 0.5 mm.; commissure narrowly dark brown, inner apical angle of corium tinged with brownish; cuneus declivent, length 0.46 mm., width at base 0.41 mm., fracture distinct; membrane transparent, finely rugulose, inner margin narrowly brown, major areole coriaceous as cuneus, minor areole obsolete. Xyphus concave medially; ostiolar peritreme conspicuous, whitish. Right paramere of genitalia leaf-like, gradually narrowed toward apex and ending ina small hook; left paramere slender, broadly curved, thickened at base and pointed at apex. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 1, JAN., 1945 27 Legs moderately long, posterior femora 1 mm. in length with several rows of distinct spinules along basal portion; posterior tibiae 1.37 mm. in length with three or four long spinules at basal portion, distinct from general pubescence. Arolia conspicuous, convergent at apex. Female.—Similar to male in coloration, pubescence and general appearance, but strikingly different from it in the following features: Antennae normal, without armature; head and vertex much narrower; and posterior femora with only scattered long pubescence, posterior tibae devoid of basal spinules as described for male. Vertex excepting posterior margin pale, inner side of an- tennal segment I and base and apex of II brown. Body, length 2.45 mm., width 1.23 mm.; head, width across eyes 0.58 mm., length seen from above 0.13 mm., height at base seen from side 0.26 mm., width of vertex 0.29 mm. Length of antennal segments, I : II : II] : IV = 0.21 mm. : 0.71 mm. : 0.46 mm. : 0.45 mm. Pronotum, length 0.3 mm., width at base 0.92 mm., at apex 0.36 mm. Types.—vU. S. National Museum No. 57196; holotype, male; allotype, female; paratypes, 11 males and 7 females, Lima, Peru—on leaves of cotton and beans infested with Empoasca.— November, 1943 (Wille- Bezerra). Nine females, from Caffete, Peru—on cotton—February 11, 1941 (E. J. Hambleton). Three females, from Lima, Peru, March 28, 1940. Closely related to H. caviceps Reuter (Fig. 2) but the female differs from that of caviceps by the longer second antennal segment, absence of spinules on posterior tibiae, different color- ation, and in the more pronounced curvature of the costal margin of the hemelytra. SAILERIA, new genus Allied to Diaphnidia Uhler, 1895 (type: D. debilis Uhler, 1895), but differing in the following characters: Head vertical, with vertex wider and shallowly exca- vate, frons strongly convex and eyes farther removed from apex of pronotum; rostrum distinctly exceeding the middle coxae; pronotum with posterior margin strongly sinuate before scutellum, distinctly transversely impressed behind calli, anterior lobe subequal in length to posterior; membranal cells coriaceous; legs proportionally shorter. It is readily distinguished from Hyalochoria Reuter, 1907 (type: H. caviceps Reuter, 1907) by the characters as follows: Head with vertex only shallowly depressed and frons for most part distinctly convex (in Hyalochloria both vertex and frons, excepting the anterior margin of the latter, are distinctly and broadly excavate), posterior margin of vertex less defined; clypeus separated from frons with deep broad impression; collum shorter, measured from side less than half as long as eye (in Hyalochloria it is distinctly more than half as long as eye); eyes seen from above larger; male antennae normal; scutellum not convex; hemelytra less explanate, with costal margins nearly parallel and embolium incomplete. Genotype: Hyalochloria bella Van Duzee, 1916 (Fig. 1). This genus is named in honor of Dr. R. I. Sailer in apprecia- tion of his kind help in this work. 28 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 1, JAN., 1945 MINUTES OF THE 548TH REGULAR MEETING OF THE ENTO- MOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, OCT. 5, 1944 The 548th regular meeting of the Society was held Thursday, Oct. 5, 1944, at 8 P. M., in Room 43 of the National Museum. President Annand presided and 38 members and 25 guests were present. ‘The minutes of the previous meeting were approved as read. The following applicants were unanimously elected to membership: Dr. Lauren D. Anderson, Div. of Control Investigations, U. S. Bur. of Ent. & Plant Quar. Lt. Richard H. Daggy, Naval Medical School, Bethesda, Md. Dr. A. L. Ayroza Galvao, Departamento de Parasitologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SA0 Paulo, Brazil. Stanley W. Bromley, Entomologist, Bartlett Tree Research Laboratories, Stamford, Conn. William F. Buren, Entomologist, Malaria Control in War Areas, U. S. Public Health Service. William E. Hoffmann, Associate Curator of Insects, U. S. National Museum. Howard B. Owens, Research Assistant, Dept. of Entomology, University of Maryland. Earl E. Rogers, Div. of Control Investigations, U. S. Bur. of Ent. & Plant Quar. Lt. Louis M. Roth, Fourth Service Command Medical Laboratory, Fort McPherson, Georgia. Dr. Cory announced that it had been decided to hold a joint meeting of the Entomological Society of America and the American Association of Economic Entomologists on Dec. 13, 14, and 15 at the Hotel New Yorker, N. Y. City. Dr. Roger C. Smith of the War Man Power Commission gave the first paper on the regular program: The National Roster with Special Reference to Ento- mologists. The National Roster of Scientific and Specialized Personnel, which is a division of the Bureau of Placement, War Manpower Commission, was organ- ized four years ago to compile an inventory of the nation’s scientific and techni- cal men and women from which to recruit specialists for all phases of the war effort. A complete file of information on all professionally qualified persons in the United States was sought by circularizing the memberships of the learned societies, staffs of industries, and other sources with a questionnaire and ap- propriate check list of specializations. A comparable file for physicians, dentists and veterinarians is maintained by the Procurement and Assignment division of the Bureau of Placement, War Manpower Commission. he Roster registra- tion now totals approximately 472,000 but this number changes constantly through additions, deaths, and other causes. Registrations in seven, broad, general fields, one of which is the Agricultural and Biological Sciencies, are now accepted. The Roster has a relatively small staff distributed among three sections, the largest of which has charge of coding, punch card machine operations, filing, and routine correspondence. Other sections deal with placement and evaluations. As a war agency, the Roster certified the names of over 140,000 individuals to the PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 1, JAN., 1945 29 Military and other war and peace-time agencies from which more than 50,000 received appointments. ‘This organization is now giving increasing attention to postwar, peace-time, plans and activities. A series of vocational guidance booklets for the professions is being prepared. The National Roster was organized as a central registry and war-time place- ment agency. Its files were not originally arranged to facilitate statistical studies but they are being currently converted for this purpose. ‘The tables used in this talk are based on an analysis of a small sample in the new file which constitutes about one-seventh of the total Roster registration. ‘There were 1,493 persons whose chief specialization was in the entomological field registered in the Roster on April 1, 1944 of which 30 were women. ‘The group median age was 41.1 years. According to an analysis of the sample drawn from the file, entomologists constituted 0.58 percent of the total Roster registration. These and other percentages given herewith, may or may not be typical for the profes- sion as a whole. All states, territories and some foreign countries were represented in the sample. The order, beginning with the largest number of zoologists and entomologists, was California, New York, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Ohio, Texas, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Washington, D. C., etc. An analysis of the industry in which the small sample of zoologists and ento- mologists studied were engaged showed that 43 percent were employed by insti- tutions of higher education, 23 percent by the Federal Government and smaller percentages in many lines of industry. Some of the industrial employment probably indicated war-time displacement. Approximately 25,000 Roster registrants are in the armed services, of which 327 indicated specialization in zoology or one of its branches, 283 in Bacteriology and 152 in Entomology. In a sample of 1,169 persons in the Roster file whose specialization appeared to be in Entemology, 207 indicated the study and control of insect pests of man and domestic animals as their first field of specialization, 157 in some phase of insecticides, 137 in the study or control of pests of fruit, nut and shade trees; 136 indicated insect taxonomy as their main specialization, of which 23 consid- ered themselves to be Dipterists, 35 Coleopterists and 20 Hymenopterists. Approximately 25 percent of the Roster registrants classified as professional entomologists indicated that they had Doctor’s degree, while 51 percent had a Master’s degree or beyond but not the Doctor’s degree. Eleven percent of the professionally qualified entomologists had no college degree. The Federal Government, particularly the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, was the largest employer of Entomologists in the United States, The Agricultural Experiment Stations ranked second, and the Agricultural Colleges were third. Only 39 entomologists were employed in industry and 38 were Extension Entomologists. These are samples of the kinds of data which the National Roster can supply for the entire registration. ‘The Roster is foremostly a national registry but its files lend themselves to interesting professional studies. ‘The more nearly com- plete Roster registration is for any profession, the more complete such data will be for the profession as a whole. At the present time, it is estimated that not over 75 percent of the entomological profession is registered in the Roster. It is 30 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 1, JAN., 1945 \ therefore important that all professionally qualified entomologists and all other scientists cooperate with the National Roster by registering and returning all recircularization blanks properly filled out, promptly. (Author’s Abstract) Dr. Cory commented on the fact that, although there are about 2300 ento- mologists in the Country, only 1,493 are listed on the National Roster, and he also stated that he believed the military file to be incomplete. Dr. Smith and Mr. Edward Knott explained that every effort was being made to complete the Roster, and pointed out that replies had so far been received from only about half the questionnaires mailed. Mr. Rohwer remarked on the large percentage of men over 40 listed, and also stated that there were 1,000 men serving with the Armed Forces as entomologists. There was further comment by Dr. Annand and Dr. Townes. Mr. J. A. Morris gave an illustrated talk on the biology of the body louse. The following visitors were introduced to the Society: Dr. Cyril Abbott, Mrs. Abbott, Edward Knott, H. E. Barnard, Ralph B. Swain, Dr. A. B. Hardcastle, Dr. M. McCown. There being no further business, the meeting adjourned at 9:40 P. M. Ina L. Hawes, Recording Secretary. MINUTES OF THE 549TH REGULAR MEETING OF THE ENTO- MOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, NOV. 2, 1944 The 549th regular meeting of the Society was held Thursday, Nov. 2, 1944, at 8.15 P. M., in Room 43 of the National Museum, with President Annand pre- siding. ‘There were 145 persons present, of whom 70 were members. Because of the large attendance and the length of the program, it was voted to omit the reading of the minutes for the previous meeting. Dr. Annand appointed the following nominating committee: R. W. Harned, Chairman; E. R. McGovran; W. H. Anderson. The following new members were elected: Edward L. Bunch, War Food Administration. Dr. A. Bascom Hardcastle, Specialist, Medical Corps, U. S. Naval Reserve. Sophy Parfinowich, Division of Insects, U. S. National Museum. Dr. Annand read an announcement of a lecture by Dr. Alex Sprunt, Jr., of the National Audubon Society, N. Y., to be given on Nov. 10th, at 8 P. M., in the Universalist Auditorium. In response to Dr. Annand’s request for notes or specimens, Mr. Austin H. Clark said that on June 25, 1938, he found a colony of Vespa crabro at Limeton Warren Co., Virginia. It was reported from the vicinity in subsequent years, and on October 15, 1944, he saw a large number of individuals about a mile south PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 1, JAN., 1945 31 of the original locality. It is now well known to the people of the region, who call it the “stranger-bee.”” On September 3, 1944, he captured one three miles west of Mt. Solon in Augusta Co., Virginia, where the natives recognized it as a new arrival in that vicinity. Mr. Clark noted the capture of two specimens of Nathalis tole at Salem, Vir- ginia, by Mr. Carl W. Gottschalk on September 26, 1944, this being the first record for the State; and also the capture of a specimen of Calephelis laverna (identified by Mr. William P. Comstock) at Guantanamo City, Cuba, by Mr. W. Herbert Wagner on September 13, 1943, the genus heretofore not having been reported from Cuba. Dr. H. K. Townes exhibited a nest of Vespa crabro which had been collected from the wall of a house near Chatham, Va., and sent to the National Museum by Mr. L. A. Hetrick. The specimen arrived in exactly the condition in which exhibited. Its peculiar shape was probably caused by the wasps being forced to build in a space about 5 inches wide between the inner and outer walls of the house. The sheltered location probably accounts for the presence of only a part of the normal, outer, laminated paper covering. The cells of the comb in the upper, central, and older part are smaller than those in the newer, lower, outer part. Dr. Townes also exhibited the queen, worker, and male of the wasp. Mr. Hetrick had reported damage to fruit and sent an apple the meat of which had been eaten out, leaving only the heavy skin and core. Dr. Townes stated that he had collected this same species from Dupont; which constitutes a new locality record. The Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine has also received a letter reporting Vespa crabro from South Dakota. If really established, this would be the first record for that State. The first paper on the regular program was given by Dr. H. O. Calvery: Toxicity of DDT—By Oral, Parenteral, and Cutaneous Administration. This presentation consists of a brief resume of our toxicological studies of DDT along the following lines: I. Acute and subacute application to the skin of rabbits, rats, guinea pigs, and dogs. II. Acute and subacute feeding to rats, mice, guinea pigs, chicks, rabbits, dog, sheep, horse, cow. III. Chronic feeding to rats and dogs. IV. Skin irritation and sensitization. V. Pharmacological investigations as to the site and mode of action. VI. Gross and microscopic pathology and blood studies of poisoned animals. In solid form DDT applied topically to the skin is nonirritating, nonsensitiz- ing and not appreciably absorbed. In solution, either in oil or in organic sol- vent, it does readily penetrate the skin, is very mildly irritating and a very mild sensitizing agent. In single and multiple dose administration (acute and subacute) there are wide individual as well as wide species variations. In the prolonged feeding experiments (chronic toxicity) rats have been fed for about 18 months diets containing 100, 200, 400 and 800 p. p. m. Guinea pigs, dogs and monkeys have been studied for shorter periods. The pharmacological manifestations of effect from DDT are principally loss 32 PROC. ENT, SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 1, JAN., 1945 of appetite, mild to severe tremors of central nervous system origin, convulsions and death. ‘Tremors can be prevented or abolished by general anesthetics and narcotics. Histopathologic examination of tissues of animals which have received DDT shows tissue damage but it is neither striking nor characteristic for all species. (Author’s Abstract.) Dr. Paul A. Neal followed with a paper on: Toxicity of DDT—By Inhalation. The toxicity and potential dangers of DDT when used as an aerosol, spray and dusting powder for insecticidal purposes are discussed. It is pointed out that in spite of the inherent toxicity of DDT such aerosols, sprays and dusting powders may be used safely if certain precautions are observed. (Author’s Abstract). For further details see Supplement No. 177 to the Public Health Reports, Washington, 1944. Both papers were illustrated by lantern slides. ; Dr. Mitchell asked if test animals returned to a normal state when removed from contact with DDT. Dr. Calvery replied that there was a*great difference in the reaction of various animals; that it was possible for test animals to exhibit extreme tremors, recover, and continue to live for 2 or 3 months while still re- ceiving the same daily dosage as before. It has not been demonstrated satis- factorily whether there is complete recovery when the material is withdrawn. Symptoms can be entirely allayed by narcotics, such as phenobarbitol, etc. Whether animals in a serious condition can be saved by such procedure has not definitely been proved. Dr. McIndoo inquired if there was a known antidote. Dr. Calvery and Dr. Neal agreed that studies have not yet been made on this factor. ‘There was further discussion by Mr. Sameth and Dr. Neal. Dr. Bishopp continued the regular program with: An Entomologist takes a Look at New Guinea. Colored lantern slides illustrated his paper. Experiences of a special mission in visiting a number of army camps in New Guinea and some of the islands to the northwest were briefly recited and illus- trated with Kodacrome slides. ‘The mission, consisting of Dr. R. B. Watson, Malariologist of TVA and the speaker, went to the Southwest Pacific Area under the auspices of the OSRD and Army at the request of the theater commander. The trip occupied the months of July and August. All travel (about 25,000 miles) was by air and numerous points in eastern Australia and New Guinea were visited. Entomologists, sanitary engineers, and physicians were observed in action against malaria, scrub typhus and other arthropod-borne diseases. In the control of malaria these men are doing a fine job. They were much inter- ested in learning of recent research results and their application to field problems. The knowledge of conditions at the front, and how they are being met should aid in planning research and indicating where emphasis should be placed. (Author’s Abstract.) The Society adjourned at 10:10 P. M. Ina L. Hawes, Recording Secretary. Actual date of publication, February 6, 1945. VOL. 47 February, 1945 No. 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Pusuisnep Montuiy Excerpt Jury, Aucust anp SEPTEMBER BY THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON 25, D. C. Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D. C., under Act of August 24, 1912. Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized July 3, 1918. THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY | OF WASHINGTON OrcanizeD Marcu 12, 1884. The regular meetings of the Society are held in the National Museum on the tirst Thursday of each month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 Pp. M. Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00. Members are entitled to the Proceedings and any manuscript submitted by them is given precedence over any submitted by non-members. OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1945. FLOROTRAIY PUES CTE, |) ohio OR Ne eA SOHN ena ie Ne Wei 8 lbs be he L. O. Howarp PVOSEARMR | a Miia. 1 Miiiol Yo hiatal MUM KiRnTa NarerneaN tio ica jh) ANNUM a) eng F. W. Poos Fir shih pee President) eee a eine PS ek a DA C. A. WEIGEL See ORa PULe el TESIAENE | Meer aM EONAR MA abita ys: Wel velt a ice Austin H. Crark RRECOPATRE WECEREANY fos aD ORC w Mh] Neti anMa NICS igs’ Weel! nie 8 Ina L. Hawes COrreSBOMALS ELF ELALI NS. ligne Val TANT AU BUD Tele! hye ia sth tats. hyp F. M. Wap.ey SNe AOI ALE) Pa RR eC SESS CR mR A L. B. Reep A EROE) Sie Nanione coe Se HORIBR AD NON oa aC MO aM GRIMS Uw. atintor eave ual tye Atan STONE Executive Committee. .. . . E, N. Cory, R. W. Harnep, P. N. Annanp Nominaicd so represent the Society as Vice-President of the Washington Academy of Sciences ...... C.F. W. Mueseseck PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON. Published monthly, except July, August and September, by the Society at Washington, D. C. Terms of subscription: Domestic, $4.00 per annum; foreign, $4.25 per annum; recent single numbers, 50 cents, foreign postage extra. All subscriptions are payable in advance. Remittances should be made payable to the Entomological Society of Washington, Authors will be furnished not to exceed 10 copies of the number in which their articles appear at a charge of 25 cents per copy, or reprints of such articles, with- out covers, at the following rates, provided a statement of the number desired accompanies the manuscript: 4 pp. 8 pp. 12 pp. 16 pp. 50 copies 2.25 4.50 6.75 9.00 100 copies 2.50 5.00 7.50 10.00 Authors will be furnished gratis with not to exceed 2 text engravings of line drawings with any one article, or in lieu thereof, with one full page line plate. Half-tone engravings at author’s expense; the same will be sent author upon request after publication. Authors may purchase any published engraving at $1.00 per piate and 50 cents per text figure. Immediate publication may be obtained at author's expense. AIl manuscripts should be sent to the Editor, care Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Wash- ‘ington 25, D.C. The Corresponding Secretary and Treasurer should be addressed similarly. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL Society oF WASHINGTON WOE. 4/ FEBRUARY, 1945 No.2 MITES OF THE GENUS TENUIPALPUS (Acarina: Trichadenidae) By Epwarp W. Baxker Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, United States Department of Agriculture The genus Tenuipalpus was proposed by Donnadieu in 1875, and the type has been designated as 7. palmatus Donn. Since T. palmatus and the closely allied species are now considered generically distinct from the other members of the genus, such as T. inornatus Banks,.the name should be restricted to the palmatus group; and the name Brevipalpus Donn., 1875, which has been synonymized with Tenutpalpus, should be reinstated as the generic name for the inornatus group of mites. The type of the genus Brevipalpus is obovatus Donn., 1875. The mites composing the genus Tenuipalpus are members of the family Trichadenidae! and are plant feeders. So far as is known, none of the species herein considered cause much damage to their hosts, although some members of the closely related Brevipalpus are of economic importance. The study was based on the collection at the United States National Museum, Washington, D.C. Except for Tenutpalpus palmatus the species treated are established in the United States or have been intercepted on imports. The genus Tenuipalpus is characterized by the broad propo- dosoma and the narrowed hysterosoma; by the presence of a few striations on the skin instead of reticulations; by having the ventral hysterosomal plates not plain as in Brevipalpus and the marginal body hairs large, lanceolate; by the presence of 4 pairs of broadly lanceolate posterior marginal hairs and a single pair of long, whiplike posterior hairs; by a palpus con- sisting of 3 segments, the penultimate segment provided with a long semiplumose hair and the last with | or 2 simple hairs; by the presence of a pair of semi-plumose ventral rostral hairs; 1The family Trichadenidae Ouds., 1938, includes the following genera: Trichadenus Rondani, 1870 (not placed in a family until 1938); Brevipalpus Donn., 1875, Tenuipalpus Donn., 1875, Raoiella Hirst, 1924, and Tegopalpus Womersley, 1940, all of which were formerly in the family Tetranychidae; also Phyllotetranychus Sayed, 1938, which had been put in Pseudotetranychinae (Tetranychidae). These genera differ principally from those of the family Tetra- nychidae in having highly simplified palpi. 34 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 2, FEB., 1945 and by the flat body. The type of the genus is Tenuipalpus palmatus Donnadieu 1875. This genus will also include T’. palmatus var. simplex Oud. and T. orchidarum Parfitt, which are otherwise not mentioned in this paper. Tenuipalpus palmatus Donnadieu (Fig. 1) Tenutpalpus palmatus Donnadieu, 1875, Recherches pour servir a histoire des Tetranyques. Lyon, pp. 112-114, pl. 1, II, fig. 1-19. In the U. S. National Museum Collection there is a single slide with a male and a female from the Berlese Collection. Owing to the thickness of the mount the characters of the male are difficult to see, but the female is in rather good condition for study. ‘The male does not have large dorsal lanceolate setae on the hysterosoma but small, short, lanceolate-like setae, and the abdomen is narrower than in the female. Otherwise there is very little difference between the sexes. In both specimens the ventral side is indistinct. Male.—Penultimate palpal segment with a semiplumose hair; 3rd segment, small, slender, and apparently with only one terminal hair, which is about one- half the length of the semiplumose hair, ventral rostral hairs semiplumose. Shield over mouth parts simple. Anterior and median dorsal propodosomal setae small, lanceolate. Anterior shoulder seta large, lanceolate, situated just behind a dorsal projecting lobe or plate. Paired eyes somewhat in from body margin, shoulder hairs of hysterosoma shorter, broader than on propodosoma, and placed anterior to a projecting lobe or plate. Dorsal hysterosomal setae like the dorsal propodosomal hairs. Along the posterior lateral margin 4 pairs of large lanceolate setae and a single pair of long whiplike hairs. Tarsal claws and hairs not clearly seen but there appear to be a pair of tenant hairs on each claw and a row on the pulvillus. Ventral tarsal setae strong, pilose; long, sim- ple dorsal! seta, with lanceolate seta on outside and thick spinelike pilose seta on inside margin of tarsus. Legs I, II, and III with lanceolate setae; lanceolate seta of trochanter III smaller than the hysterosomal shoulder seta. Legs wrinkled. Length 262 uw; width 181 yp. Female.—Anterior ventral setae pilose; the long median pair simple; dorsal hysterosomal setae large and broadly lanceolate. Length, including rostrum, 313 w, width 219 p. The listed host plants are Viburnum tinus and Citrus spp. It is South European in distribution and as yet has not been taken by foreign plant quarantine inspectors of the Bureau of Ento- mology and Plant Quarantine. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 2, FEB., 1945 3) Tenuipalpus micheli Lawrence (Figs. 2-4) Tenutpalpus micheli Lawrence, 1940, Jour. Ent. Soc. South Africa, 3: 111-113, figs. 4, 5. Lawrence’s description of a single female from Chaetaeme aristata at Umhlote Beach, Natal, South Africa, is sufficiently detailed to permit determination of specimens from Florida as the same species. Several specimens were taken on magnolia, Jacksonville, Fla., April 24, 1924, by Robertson and Williams, and several on oak at Cocoa Beach, Fla., December 11, 1942, by O. D. Link. Specimens have also been taken on Sobralia macrantha, Guatemala, at San Francisco, Calif., October 12, 1943 (collector unknown). This species differs from Tenutpalpus palmatus Donn. in having the hysterosomal shoulder setae smaller than the third trochanter setae, and the third palpal segment provided with a long and a short hair. There appear to be rows of tenant hairs arising from pulvillus and tarsal claw as figured. The mites from oak are much broader than those from mag- nolia. Female (from oak) 306 uw long and 262 » wide; male 262 uw long and 206 uw wide. As in the preceding species, the dorsal abdominal hairs of the female are large and broadly lanceolate, while those of the male are small and lanceolate. Tenuipalpus carolinensis, new species (Fig. 5) Female.—Third palpal segment stout and with only one seta. Shield over rostrum long, simple. The 2 pairs of dorsal anterior setae on propodosoma small, the shoulder setae long, lanceolate. Eyes set slightly behind and in from shoulder setae. All hysterosomal setae small except those on posterior margin; these 4 pairs large, lanceolate; also a single pair of long simple hairs. Genital setae of female as usual. Only one pair of long hairs opposite posterior coxae; hairs of coxae III and IV longish. A pair of long and a pair of short hairs on posterior venter of propodosoma; anterior ventral! hairs long, simple. Apparently no claws, only 3 pairs of tenant hairs arising from vestigal remains of claws and pulvilli. Leg hairs strong, those on basal segments lanceolate. Legs wrinkled. Tarsus I with the usual long dorsal terminal hair; an outer simple hair, and below this a rodlike seta of medium length; on opposite inner side a strong simple hair; ventral hairs simple. Length, including rostrum, 294 uw, width 156y. Type.—uv. S. National Museum No. 1479. Described from a single specimen taken from goldenrod at Batesburg, S.C.,; March 26, 1910, by. “HH. F.W.” On thesame slide is a specimen of Brevipalpus inornatus (Banks). It is 36 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 2, FEB., 1945 quite possible that the mite was only a straggler and that goldenrod is not the true host. Although very close to Tenutpalpus orchidarum Oud., T. carolinensis is considered distinct because of the difference in the ventral hairs, and in the presence of one instead of two setae on the third palpal segment, as well as in distribution and hosts (T. orchidarum is from orchids in Java). Tenuipalpus guamensis, new species (Figs. 6, 7, 8) Female.—Third palpal segment apparently cylindrical, longish, and with only one long, straight, strong seta. Shield of normal size, simple. Dorsal pro- ‘podosomal setae small, the anterior median ones slightly larger, both pairs lanceolate; shoulder setae large, lanceolate. ‘The paired eyes behind shoulder setae and in from body margin. Hysterosomal shoulder setae of medium size, lanceolate; dorsal hairs minute; posterior marginal hairs large, lanceolate with the exception of the pair of long setae. Ventral hysterosomal hairs pilose except for posterior pair; ventral propodosomal hairs pilose except for the long median anterior pair and the short posterior pair. ‘Tenant hairs hard to see, but they appear to be as in 7. micheli. Leg hairs lanceolate; legs wrinkled. Length, including rostrum, 356 w, width 256. Male.—The same general description holds for the male. However, none of the genital hairs pilose; the 2 anterior pairs of ventral hysterosomal hairs pilose. Ventral propodosomal hairs as in female. Length, including rostrum, 275 yu; width 219 yp. Type.—vU. S. National Museum No. 1480. The type (female), allotype male, and two paratypes of each sex on a single slide; taken on Neottopteris nidus, Sumay, Guam, February 11, 1938, by R. G. Oakley. The chaetotaxy is distinctive. Tenuipalpus heveae, new species (Fig. 9) Female——Penultimate palpal segment rather short and broad, with the curved, semi-pilose seta; 3rd segment small, with a single long spine which ap- proaches the tip of the semiplumose seta. Shield small with only a rounded lateral ‘‘tooth,” or protuberance. Dorsal propodosomal setae small, the center- median pair being the smaller; shoulder setae large, lanceolate. Eyes slightly behind and in from shoulder. Hysterosomal shoulder seta almost as large as posterior-marginal setae; dorsal setae minute; posterior-marginal setae large, lanceolate except for the pair of long whiplike setae. All ventral hysterosomal hairs, except the single pair of long anterior hairs, pilose. The posterior pair and the long anterior-median pair of ventral propodosomal hairs simple, the rest pilose. Legs typical of the genus but with fewer lanceolate hairs; tenant hairs asin 7. micheli. Length, including rostrum, 256 uw; width 169 x. PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47 PLATE 2 Tenuipalpus palmatus Donn. Fig. 1. Dorsal view of male. Tenuipalpus micheli Lawrence. Fig. 2. Ventral view of female. Fig. 2A. Schematic drawing of tarsal tenant hairs. Fig.3. Ventral view of hysterosoma of male. Fig. 4. Dorsal view of female. Tenuipalpus carolinensis, new species. Fig. 5. Ventral view of female. Fig. 5A. Schematic drawing of tarsal tenant hairs. Tenuipalpus guamensis, new species. Fig. 6. Ventral view of female. Fig. 7. Ventral view of male. Fig. 8. Tip of palpus. Tenuipalpus heveae, new species. Fig.9. Ventral view of female. Tenuipalpus pacificus, new species. Fig. 10. Ventral view of female. Fig. 11. Ventral view of male. Fig. 12. Palpus. [37] 38 PROC. ENT, SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 2, FEB., 1945 Type.—vU. S. National Museum No. 1481. ‘Type and paratype (on same slide) collected on the underside of rubber leaf, Belterra, Brazil, 1941. From J. A. Zilles. The chaetotaxy is distinctive. Tenuipalpus pacificus, new species (Figs. 10-12) Female.—Palpal segments short, broad, wrinkled; 3rd segment small, with a short, straight seta and.a longer, slightly curved seta. Shield of normal size with a single simple lateral tooth. Dorsal propodosomal setae small, lanceo- late; shoulder setae larger, about size of posterior-marginal setae but not. so wide. Eyes slightly to rear and in from shoulder setae. Hysterosomal shoulder and dorsal setae small; anterior pair of posterior-marginal setae not much larger than dorsal setae; rest of marginal setae of normal size. All ventral hysterosomal hairs simple, the 2 pairs between the posterior coxae very long and fine. Posterior row of ventral propodosomal hairs simple, the inner pair short and the outer pair long; anterior median pair long and simple; the other hairs pilose. ‘Tenant hairs hard to see but they appear to be asin 7. micheli. ‘Tarsil and II at tips each with a rod-like, slightly curved seta. Ventral leg hairs pilose; lateral and dorsal hairs larger, lanceolate, serrate. Legs wrinkled. Length of female, including rostrum, 312 p; width 190 pu. Male.—Same general appearance as female except smaller and narrower. Length 269 yw; width 150 yp. Type.—uU. S. National Museum No. 1482. The type (female) and a single male (allotype) on slide with paratype females and nymphs, taken on Phalaenopsis stuartiana, from Canal Zone, at Hoboken, N. J:, U.S. A., by D. P. Limber, April 26, 1943. Also paratype slides of mites taken on Sacco- labium gigantum var. illustre, from Australia, at Hawaii by T. F. Chong, April 11 and 12, 1936; on Phalaenopsis lindent, from Philippine Islands, at Hawai by T. F. Chong, April 11, 1938; on Aerides falcatum, from Bangkok, Siam, at Washing- ton, D. C., by D. P. Limber, May 20, 1938; on Phalaenopsis amabilts, from Philippine Islands, at Hawaii, by T. F. Chong, April 11, 1938. The chaetotaxy is distinctive. A MOSQUITO SYNONYM (Diptera: Culicidae) By Aran Stone, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, United States Department of Agriculture In describing the subgenus Luzonus in the genus Aedes, the writer and R. M. Bohart made an inexcusable synonym. We failed to compare the genitalia of dedes (Luzonus) clavirostris with those of the genus Ficalbia, and we put too much reliance PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 2, FEB., 1945 39 upon what appeared to be the bases of postspiracular setae. The generic and specific synonymy is as follows: Ficalbia, subgenus Etorleptiomyia Theobald Etorleptiomyia Theobald, 1904, First Rept. Wellcame Res. Lab., p. 71. (Type mediolineata Theobald.) O’ Reillia Ludlow, 1905, Canad. Ent. 37: 101. (Type, luzonensis Ludlow.) Dasymyia Leicester, 1908, Fed. Malay States, Inst. Med. Res. Stud. 3 (3): 102 (Type, fusca Leicester.) Dixomyia Taylor, 1914, Trans. Ent. Soc. London 1913: 703. (Type, elegans Taylor.) Aedes, subgenus Luzonus Stone and Bohart, 1944, Ent. Soc. Wash. Proc. 46: 212. (Type, Aedes clavirostris Stone and Bohart.) Ficalbia (Etorleptiomyia) luzonensis (Ludlow) O Reillia luzonensis Ludlow, 1905, Canad. Ent. 37: 101. Etorleptiomyia completiva Leicester, 1908, Fed. Malay States, Inst. Med. Res. Stud. 3 (3): 178. Aedes (Luzonus) clavirostris Stone and Bohart, 1944, Ent. Soc. Wash. Proc. 46: 213. O’ Reillia Ludlow and Luzonus Stone and Bohart are isogeno- typic by synonymy. NEW MEMBRACIDAE FROM CENTRAL AMERICA By C. C. PLuMMER U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine A few specimens of Membracidae were collected in the arid month of March 1942 during a short trip to Guatemala and El Salvador in company with Dr. George B. Saunders, Jr. of the Fish and Wildlife Service, United States Department of the Interior. One genus and three species proved to be new and are described in this paper. HEMICARDIACUS, new genus Pronotum very high, foliaceous, with evenly rounded crest; median carina prominent, the greater part of its length strongly compressed laterally; extremely long humeral angles, sometimes each with a node projecting down to cover part of theeye. Scutellum concealed; tibiae not dilated, posterior tarsi not reduced; tegmina membranous, partly concealed by pronotum, venation prominent, third apical cell stylate, 5 apical and 2 discoidal cells; underwing with terminal cell sessile, its base truncate. Type, Hemicardiacus saundersi, n. sp. 40 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 2, FEB., 1945 Systematically, this genus follows Archasia Stal in the tribe Telamonini Goding. ‘The high pronotum and long humeral angles of Hemicardiacus, together with certain other affinities with Antianthe Stal in the succeeding tribe Smiliini Goding, suggest that the systematic arrangement of the latter should be altered to place Antianthe, rather than Smilia Germar, in first position. Hemicardiacus saundersi, new species (Figures 1, 2, 3) Easily distinguished by size, frontal overhang of pronotum, and small lobes projecting down from frontal margin of pronotum to cover part of outer lateral margin of each eye. Length of male 12 mm., width between tips of humeral angles 8 mm. Head shiny, very finely sculptured, more than twice as long as broad; base nearly straight at middle, thence almost straight down to eyes; ocelli about equidistant to each other and to the eyes, situated on a line drawn through cen- ters of eyes; distal portion of inferior margins of genae slightly rounded to apex of clypeus; lateral margins of clypeus obscure, median sulcus very faint. Pronotum high, foliaceous; metopidium straight for a short distance, about 1 mm., above base of head, then overhanging in front and evenly rounded to high crest, the maximum height about 6.5 mm. on perpendicular from base of head, and continuing evenly arched to apex; posterior third of inferior margin gently rounded to apex; apex slightly less than right angle when viewed from side, not attaining tips of tegmina; long humeral angle with rounded tip extend- ing 2 mm. outward from eye and very slightly forward, a small lobe projecting down to cover distal part of eye; median carina prominent, strongly compressed laterally except on metopidium below overhanging portion; finely punctate including sides of compressed median carina; central portion of sides very finely rugose. Tegmina hyaline, distal half rufo-testaceous near costal margin; venation prominent, dark rufo-testaceous, a definite constriction with no connecting cross-vein at juncture of second and third longitudinal veins; 5 apical and 2 discoidal cells. Underwing with venation typical of the tribe Telamonini Goding; venation light brown to black. Color light testaceous mottled with bright green; dark reddish brown on sides of midecarina, becoming graduaily wider on metopidium below overhanging por- tion to form a distinct triangular area down to head, base of triangle extending to mid-point above each eye; edge of median carina black throughout; humeral angles entirely reddish brown except proximal part of frontal margin; head, body, and legs light to dark testaceous; tarsi of at least the first two pairs of legs gray-black. Type, male, from near Totonicapan (altitude 9,500 ft.), Dept. Totonicapan, Guatemala, March 29, 1942, Cat. No. 56896, United States National Museum. This locality is approxi- mately 136 kilometers north of Guatemala City on the road to the Mexican border. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 2, FEB., 1945 4] Described from a single male taken on oak (Quercus sp.) by the author. Named in honor of Dr. George B. Saunders, Jr. Hemicardiacus saundersi, n. sp., superficially appears to be a species of Antianthe, a compact genus consisting of six species. The: venation of the underwing of this new species (fig. 3), however, is typical of the tribe Telamonini (fig. 4), not Smiliini (fig. 5), and the prominent venation of the tegmina is unques- tionably more like that of Archasia than Antianthe. The teg- mina of some specimens of Archasia belfragei Stal also show a similar constriction of the second and third longitudinal veins at the discal juncture. Archasia is also a compact genus with three species recorded only north of Mexico. All species of Archasia are characterized by short humeral angles on the pronotum, and this character alone is sufficient to exclude Hemicardiacus saundersi, n. sp. Poppea vestigia, new species (Figs. 6, 7, 8) A shining-black or dark-reddish-brown species resembling Poppea subrugosa Fowler but readily distinguished by larger size, higher middorsal node with pair of vestigial processes just below crest, and trifurcate process with more swollen base. Length 8.5 mm., width between tips of suprahumeral horns 3.9 mm. Head smooth, shining, about 1.3 times longer than broad; base subsinuate; ocelli large, light yellow, about equidistant to each other and to the eyes, situated below a line drawn through centers of eyes; eyes large, situated well within extremities of humeral angles of pronotum; inferior margins of genae evenly rounded; clypeus very long, almost two-thirds of its length extending below inferior margins of genae, very few yellow hairs on distal portion; median sulcus appearing as wide straight line extending from above clypeus and between the raised, mesally arcuate areas that partly surround the ocelli. Pronotum with metopidium rounded to dorsum; dorsum slightly rounded between swollen bases of suprahumeral horns; suprahumeral horns short, about 0.75 mm. long, almost straight when viewed from front, curved backward when seen from above; median depression behind suprahumerals on frontal base of large, subpyramidal middorsal node; middorsal node the highest point on dorsum, crest rounded, a small rudimentary process on each side of obscure median carina just below and in back of crest; a small round node on lateral margin of pronotum below distal half of mid-dorsal node and the deep sulcus separating the middorsal node and the much enlarged subsemicircular basal portion of the trifurcate process; middle spine of trifurcate process 1.8 mm. long, slightly decurved, not attaining distal angle of fifth apical cell of tegmen, each lateral spine about 0.8 mm. long, almost straight, pointing outward; median carina percurrent except for dorsal depression and anterior part of middorsal node in front of vestigial processes; coarse punctures on metopidium and dor- sum between suprahumeral horns, finer punctures on rest of pronotum; not pubescent, few yellow hairs near lateral sclerite on pronotum above eyes. Color of pronotum light testaceous marked with dark testaceous and black 42 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 2, FEB., 1945 to all black marked with a small amount of dark reddish testaceous above the humeral angles; even in the black specimen the spines of the trifurcate process are testaceous, the tips black; head light testaceous to black; thorax, abdomen, and legs down to tibiae mostly dark reddish brown to black; tibiae and tarsi light testaceous; tegmina hyaline with dark-reddish-brown area at basal union of radial and ulnar veins and a similar but smaller area at dista! union of the same two veins; venation mostly light testaceous, 5 apical and 3 discoidal cells. Type, female (black), from near Santa Tecla, El Salvador (altitude not over 2,000 feet) June 30, 1942, Cat. No. 56997, United States National Museum. Described from two females collected on ‘“‘calague” (Helio- carpus glanduliferus Robinson) by Dr. Anton Kovar. Para- type in collection of author. One female specimen of Paran- tonae dipteroides Fowler was taken on the same host plant by Dr. Kovar. Poppea kovari, new species (Figs. 9, 10) A large, light-testaceous species with few dark-reddish-brown markings. Very readily separated from all described species by the enormous size of the hump of the trifurcate process. Length 10 mm., width between tips of supra- humeral horns 5.5 mm. Head smooth, about 1.8 times longer than broad; base slightly sinuate} ocelli transparent, slightly nearer to each other than to the eyes, below a line drawn through centers of eyes; eyes large, prominent, well within extremities of humeral angles of pronotum; inferior margins of genae nearly straight; clypeus very long, about two-thirds of its length extending below inferior margins of genae; few yellow and black hairs between ocelli and also on clypeus and inferior margins of genae. Pronotum with metopidium slightly rounded, dorsum narrow (about 0.8 mm.) and flat between bases of suprahumeral horns; suprahumeral horns slightly curved backward, basal two-thirds greatly enlarged, abruptly tapering to a point at distal third, merging posteriorly with large subpyramidal middorsal node with vestiges of a pair of processes on crest; a deep sulcus between mid- dorsal node and large hump of trifurcate process; a small round node on lateral margin posterior to base of suprahumeral horn and delimited dorsally and pos- teriorly by sulcus in front of enlargement of trifurcate process; enormously enlarged posteriorly as rounded hump of trifurcate process, hump measuring approximately 4 mm. from middorsal sulcus to base of middle spine of trifurcate process and about 2.5 mm, in maximum height; trifurcate process with short (about 0.75 mm.), straight lateral spine on each side directed outward and EXPLANATION OF PLATE Hemicardiacus saundersi, n. sp. Fig. 1. Side view; 2, front view; 3, under- wing. 4. Underwing Archasi belfragei Stal. 5. Underwing Antianthe expansa Germar. Poppea vestigia,n. sp. Fig. 6. Side view; 7, front view; 8, top view. Poppae kovari, n. sp. Figure 9. Side view; 10, front view. PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47 PLATE 3 | ADL New Membracidae from Central America [43 ] 44 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 2, FEB., 1945 straight, acuminate middle spine, about 2 mm. long, directed slightly down- ward, not reaching proximal margin of terminal apical cell of tegmen; unevenly punctate, large shallow punctations on sides of subpyramidal middorsal node and in sulcus separating middorsal node, lateral node, and enlargement of tri- furcate process; sparsely covered with long yellow and black hairs; median car- ina percurrent. Color uniformly light testaceous with small, dark-reddish-brown spot on dorsum of each suprahumeral horn at base, a narrow line of similar color extend- ing from dorsal disc of posterior hump to base of lateral spine and then along lower lateral margin of hump almost to middorsal sulcus; eyes, tarsi, extreme tips of suprahumeral horns, and spines of trifurcate process dark reddish brown; ovipositor black; tegmina and wings hyaline throughout, venation light testaceous, 5 apical and 3 discoidal cells. Type, female, La Ceiba, on road between San Salvador and Santa Tecla, El Salvador (altitude not over 2,000 feet), Decem- ber 1938, Cat. No. 56898, United States National Museum. Described from a single specimen captured on “‘calague” (Heliocarpus glanduliferus Robinson) by Dr. Anton Kovar. It is a pleasure to name this species in honor of Dr. Anton Kovar, Jefe de la Secci6n Entomologia of the laboratores of the Association Cafetalera de EF] Salvador, who has graciously given me permission to describe this species and to deposit the type specimen in the United States National Museum. It is be- lieved that these are the first original descriptions of membra- cids from the Republic of Kl Salvador. . This short paper includes two new species of Poppea both of which possess a pair of very small vestigial processes on the ~ middorsal hump. furthermore, similar processes have beén detected on 3 out of 35 specimens of Xolonia variegata Plummer in my collection. So far as the writer knows, these processes have not been described for these genera or any others in the subfamily Smiliinae. There can be little doubt but what these are vestiges of the two spines that readily distinguish Cyphonia Laporte from Poppea Stal and related genera. In Xolonia these vestiges are not constant and.a longer series of speciméns of the two new species of Poppea may show that they are not constant in that genus. PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 2, FEB., 1945 45 NEW SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF RYGCHIUM FROM NORTH AMERICA (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) By RicHarp M. Bouarr University of California, Los Angeles A study of the Rygchium material in the U. S. National Museum has resulted in the discovery of two species and two subspecies which are apparently undescribed. One of the new . species has probably escaped attention because of its rarity, the other three because they have been confused with previously described forms. The holotype specimens and most of the paratypes are in the U. S. National Museum. Paratypes have been deposited also in the collections of J. Bequaert and the author. Rygchium planitarsis, new species (Bigss 1535.6) Male.—Black, marked with whitish yellow on mandible, clypeus, scape, an- tennal hook, interantennal spot, front margin of pronotum, pleural spot, tegula, post-scutellum, legs, apical margins of first 6 tergites and sternites II to V, lateral spots on sternite VI. Tibiae and tarsi partly reddish, last tarsal segment black. Clypeus evenly punctured, narrow and hardly produced apically; last antennal segment stout, obliquely truncate, reaching base of eighth seg- ment; humeral and propodeal angles not prominent; basal four segments of mid tarsus extremely constricted in dorsal view, last segment broadly expanded; first 2 abdominal tergites moderately punctured, covered with thick short hair which is longest at summit of first, second not upturned apically, remaining tergites and sternites moderately punctured. Female.—About as in male except as follows: Clypeus black except for baso- lateral spots, vertex with a very broad foveate depression; mid tarsus normal, dark reddish; venter with apical bands only on sternites I and sometimes II, other sternites with lateral spots. Holotype male, (U. S. National Museum No. 57181), Cran- moor, Wisconsin, August 16, 1909 (C. W. Hooker). Paratypes, 22 #@ and 9 9g 9, collected from June to September at the following localities: Wisconsin (C. F. Baker); Micuican: Marquette (R. R. Dreisbach), Michigamme (C. Sabrosky), Pine River (H. C. Severin); New Hampesuire: White Mts. (A. S. Packard), Jefferson; Marne: Carrs (F. A. Eddy), S. W. Harbor, Saddleback Lake (C. L. Metcalf), Ironbound Valley (D. Blaney), Waldoboro (J. H.. Lovell); Nova Scotta: Por- taupique (C. A. Frost), Cape Breton Island; New Brunswick: Nerepis and Douglas Harbor (A. G. Leavitt); QueBeEc: Joliette (C. J. Oellett), Montreal (W. Couper); Onrario: Timagami (A. Brown); Manrrosa: Cedar Lake (C. T. Brues); ALBERTA: Clymon (E. H. Strickland); British Cotumpia: Nanaimo. 46 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 2, FEB., 1945 This species occurs with lewcomelas (Saussure) in Canada and northeastern United States and has been confused with it in collections. The male of planitarsis is readily distinguished by its stouter last antennal segment and constricted mid tarsus (figs. 1 to 4). The female is usually more robust, more heavily punctured, the abdomen somewhat more dull, and the second sternite has a complete apical band instead of lateral spots only. Rygchium barberi, new species (Figs. 7, 8) Female.—Black, marked with deep yellow as follows: a latero-basal clypeal spot, interantennal spot, scape in front, ocular spot, postocular spot, front margin of pronotum, comma-shaped lateral spot on scutum, tegula, pleural spot, triangular spots on scutellum, lateral propodeal spots, femora slightly, tibiae partly, apical margins of first 5 abdominal tergites and sternites II to IV. Legs partly and wings reddish brown. Pubescence short, not prominent, sil- very. Puncturation moderate to coarse, punctures well separated on second sternite; vertical surface of first abdominal tergite smooth, horizontal surface well punctured. Clypeus sub-triangular, narrowly bidentate at apex, one and one-third times as broad as long; a weak interantennal carina; interocellar area strongly tuberculate, a smooth tubercle below median ocellus, vertex pit twice as broad as an ocellus. Front margin of pronotum sharp, front face practically impunctate, humeral angle rounded; scutellum flattened, postscutellum strongly punctured but not serrate, no postscutellar shelf; propodeal concavity impunctured, weakly striate, margined above by a sharp carina, lateral angle of propodeum blunt. First abdominal tergite almost rectangular, vertical and horizontal faces at right angles, slightly depressed at middle above; second ter- gite somewhat thickened and upturned apically, depressed subapically; second sternite with a sharp medio-basal crease (fig. 8). Holotype female (U. S. National Museum No. 57182), Browns- ville, Texas, June 4, 1904 (H. S. Barber). Paratypes: 3 9 9, same data as holotype; 2 9 9, Esperanza Ranch, Brownsville, Texas, July 25-27. This species is characterized by its slender form, interocellar tubercles, spotted scutellum but unspotted postscutellum, sharp margins to the propodeal concavity, and the deformed second abdominal tergite. ‘These same characters occur in cluniculus (Saussure) which differs from barbert in having a distinctly bituberculate scutellum and a much more strongly contorted and apically upturned second tergite. Rygchium rugosum fedoris, new subspecies Male.—As in typical rugosum (Saussure) with well punctured first abdominal tergite covered with abundant short hair, blunt propodeal angles, reddish brown wings, and pale tarsi with black terminal segment. Differing from typical rugosum in markings and sculpture as follows: Mandible, pronotum and legs PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47 PLATE 4 3. planitarsis 5.planitarsis 6. planitarsis 4.leucomelas 8.barberi Fig. 1, male mid tarsus of R. planitarsis n. sp. Fig. 2, male mid tarsus of R. leucomelas (Saussure). Fig. 3, lateral view of male antennal segments 9 to 13 of planitarsis. Fig. 4, lateral view of male antennal segments 9 to 13 of leuco- melas. Fig. 5, maleclypeus of planitarsis. Fig. 6, female clypeus of planitarsts. Fig. 7, front view of head of female R. barberi n. sp. Fig. 8, lateral view of abdomen ‘of barberi. (No puncturation or pubescence shown in figures 3 to 6, and figure 8.) [47] 48 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 2, FEB., 1945 more extensively yellow; scutellum and propodeum usually, second abdominal tergite sometimes with lateral yellow spots; first tergite with prominent inwardly directed attached lateral spots; abdomen with broad apical yellow bands at least on tergites I to V and sternites II to V. Clypeus moderately punctured, not quite evenly convex, somewhat produced apically; frons somewhat less strongly punctured than in rugosum, second abdominal tergite without an apical upturned membrane and only moderately punctured subapically, third and following tergites moderately punctured. Female.—Vertex with broad foveate depression as in typical rugosum. Dif- ferentiating characters as in male except that clypeus has a central black spot and is reddish apically, first abdominal tergite is often almost wholly yellow above with only a diamond-shaped black mark. Holotype male, (U. S. National Museum No. 57183), Fedor, Lee Cos Texas, April 2, 1909; Paratypes:.2.c0" o', 11 9°9, Hedow Texas; lo, 29.9), ee- Go. Vexass 5a o', 7 9 @, “Mexase. 2-0 @. Kerrville; Texas (Fac@. (Pratt); lict,Goliad: Com mlexas: March 25, 1907 (J. D. Mitchell). Rygchium sulphureum imperialis, new subspecies Male.—As in typical sulphureum (Saussure) with sparsely punctured clypeus and vertex, flattened and apically expanded antennal hook, smooth interanten- nal area, basally depressed middle femur, and practically impunctured first abdominal tergite. Differing from typical sulphureum in markings as follows: Yellow, marked with reddish on vertex, upper frons, scape, scutum, pleuron, propodeum, legs, and bases of abdominal segments. Area around ocelli, spot at front of scutum, black. Flagellum and wings reddish brown. Female——Marked about as in male but more extensively yellow. Black markings much reduced or absent, abdomen and pleuron almost wholly yellow. Holotype male (U.S. National Museum No. 57184), Imperial County, California, June, 1912 (J. C. Bridwell). Paratypes: 744,29 9, same data as holotype; 1, 11 9 9, San Diego Con, (Calit, (Draw. Coquillett); 304, 19 9) Califone (C. F. Baker); 1 9, southern California; 1 9, Bard, Calif., July 131920" (GE AR eReed)): This subspecies represents the extreme xerophytic color type. The replacement of black with orange-yellow distin- guishes it at once from typical sulphureum. It is much more similar in markings to annulatum evectum (Cresson) which occurs in the same area. The male of imper- ialis has the clypeus about one and one-third times as broad as long, whereas evectum has the clypeus one and one-half times as broad as long. The female of imperialis can be distinguished by its more extensive yellow markings, the yellow instead of orange frons below the upper level of the eye emarginations, and the narrower, yellower clypeus. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 2, FEB., 1945 49 Rygchium digiticornis, new name Odynerus canaliculatus Viereck, 1908, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 33:392 (preoce. by O. canaliculatus Saussure, 1855.) The holotype male of this species at the University of Kansas was examined in 1937. It differs from all other North American Rygchium in having a v-shaped notch at the apex of the clypeus. In size and coloration it resembles a yellow specimen of dorsale (Fabricius). In addition to the clypeal difference, however, digiticornis has a longer, more finger-like last antennal segment and a much more sharply upturned second abdominal tergite than in dorsale. REPORT OF THE CORRESPONDING SECRETARY NOV. 1, 1943 TO OCT. 31, 1944 Letters written, 107; many matters attended to informally. Proceedings acquired, 525 (net gain in nine numbers for year) plus 352 (gifts of back numbers), total 877. Back numbers sold, 1295, including 3 complete sets; net reduction, 418. 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ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 2, FEF., 1945 51 Knab bequest, invested with Columbia Federal Savings and Loan PACSOCIa Om eLepOnted esa tae. ocean sek Aan ase» $985 .57 Dividends received 1943, credited 1944...................005. 12.31 Wgidenus Meceimedang sa. pee Smet Al Ah. Foc cs Sisco cis Some 13.71 Deposited 1944, covering payment in full of non-interest bearing BONES S 5 pic DOR MCE Aes eh Cpe ae ea a Oe Ree ge 500.00 Total in Knab bequest........... Sie Silil59 General publication fund, in savings account with Hamilton National Bank. January 15-1944 oo. os eee: ok ethno view cee $722.22 romesalesiot Memon) Nos l((Glcopies)» sc.5.cht. oe ess 5ae nee 18.00 Bromusales of Wiemann Nos 2 (46 copies)).s-1c:cssess sees a.s. 128.50 From sales of 3 complete sets of Proceedings.............<.... 350.85 rombpinterest ONsSaAvaMesraCCOUltns = 44 yasa iste stain ea 7.04 Total in General Publication Fund $1,226.61 smamonnt of publication fund son.c a's. dee sales veg od Se wee $4,175.44 Respectfully submitted, G. J. Haeussler, Treasurer The auditing committee has examined the report of the treasurer of the Ento- mological Society of Washington for the calendar year ending December 31, 1944, and find it correct. Respectfully submitted, January 4, 1945 W. A. BAKER U. C. Lorrin Auditing Committee MINUTES OF THE 550th REGULAR MEETING OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON DECEMBER 7, 1944 The 550th regular meeting of the Society was held at 8 p. m., Thursday, December 7, 1944, in Room 43 of the National Museum with President Annand presiding. ‘The minutes of the meeting for October 5, 1944, were approved as read; those for November 2, 1944, were read, corrected, and approved. The following men were elected to membership: Dr. John S. Caldwell, U. S. National Museum. Lt. (j. g.) D. S. Farner, H(S) U. S. Naval Reserve. The report of the Treasurer, G. J. Haeussler, was read. Dr. Annand ap- pointed U. C. Loftin and W. A. Baker as auditors. The report of F. M. Wadley, Corresponding Secretary, was read and accepted. The report of the Chairman of the Membership Committee, M. P. Jones, was read-by C. M. Packard and approved. In the absence of R. W. Harned, Dr. E. R. McGovran read the report of the Nominating Committee on officers for the coming year. There were no further oye! PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 2, FEB., 1945 nominations from the floor and the Secretary was instructed to cast a unanimous ballot. The officers for 1945 are as follows: Honorary ‘President. 7 cas. ep eee ce eae L. O. Howard President .t-c cutane ster eeeee Sots CAE Ae oe ee F. W. Poos HirsteViice-Presideut: & :sxa3 het tes epee aaa oes C. A. Weigel Second: Vice-president... 44 sues ieee eae. Austin Clark NecordingySecretanyenr. 5 ae eee nce cae Ina L. Hawes Correspondineisectetanyen eee ee eee mrcninoeeer F. M. Wadley PETEASUTCIM artis nO ee CER OE lore L. B. Reed GiOrsr ites See nen PT ee rere rere a rei Alan Stone Member of Executive Committee.................. P. N. Annand Representative to the Washington Academy of Sciences................ S. A. Rohwer The new President, F. W. Poos, was escorted to the chair and presided over the rest of the meeting. The first paper on the regular program was given by Dr. W. H. Anderson: Some Remarks on Weevil Larvae. The principal reason for studying weevil larvae is to be able to distinguish between the different ones received for identification. In addition to this, conclusions drawn from a systematic study of the larvae are applicable to the problem of the natural classification of the group. In most cases the classifi- cation of the larvae agrees with that of the adults, but in other cases there is littleorno agreement. In the latter, it will be necessary to examine the evidence presented by the study of both adults and larvae in order to arrive at the more correct conclusions. No attempt was made to outline a classification of weevil larvae. Drawings were shown which pointed out some of the more striking ways in which larvae of the various groups differ. The homologies of the various areas of the abdomen based upon studies of the musculature, were pointed out. With the homologies of the areas established it is possible to compare the setae on them with confidence. (Author’s Abstract). Dr. James inquired if the larval characters mentioned applied to the earlier instars as well as to mature forms. Dr. Anderson replied that they were different for the first-stage larva, but remained constant for all instars after the second. Dr. Siegler asked if the body forms were curved in all species. Dr. Anderson said that some of the externally feeding larvae (such as Ceutorhynchus larvae) are flat ventrally, but that the majority are curved. Mr. Snodgrass referred to recent work on so-called sensory pores which indicates that they respond to strains and stresses in the integument. ‘There was further comment by Dr. Roger Smith and President Poos. Dr. F. C. Bishopp presented the second paper on the regular program: A Visit with Australian Entomologists. Introduction of visitors was omitted, and the meeting adjourned at 9.45 p.m. Ina L. Hawes. Recording Secretary. Actual date of publication, March 2, 1945. tal hai EO Ete, es eee ee ag le ghee Ne a a VOL. 47 March, 1945 No. 3 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON PusiisHep Montuiy Except Jury, AuGust AND SEPTEMBER BY THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON 25, D. C. Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D, C., under Act of August 24, 1912. Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized July 3, 1918. THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Orcanizep Marcu 12, 1884. The regular meetings of the Society are held in the National Museum on the first Thursday of each month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 P. M. Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00. Members are entitled to the Proceedings and any manuscript submitted by them is given prececence over any submitted by non-members. OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1945. Honorasy: Pressdetty? & 55. ieee se ONO ee we eee L. O. Howarp PETE OME SH? bl yar DOE EN wath et i abas OAL RP aR oe hee ie F. W. Poos Parse ice Presiaent Ase Oa es BUA Pier ee C. A. WEIGEL Second FicesPrestent ees, Sol a eh aap COE st Ca A el iat Austin H. Crark RELBRRENS SEEFEIAEY, “sora 16 Se SHE otle ED PRY SRO, A yee 5 ee Ina L. Hawes Cores PODGIAT SELTERAT ION ay fon tee a ae a osetia ep F. M. Wap Ley T Pare 26 a feta lta aoe pre ees Bal hee Tee donke ee L. B. REEep BGR Ae etn tht. Wate L War tn cet ad ec} WARE nam io Pe eee ALan STONE Executive Committee. .. . . E. N. Cory, R. W. Harnep, P. N. Annanp Nominasca so represent the Society as Vice-President of the Washington Academy of Sciences ...... C. F. W. MurseBEcK PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON. Published monthly, except July, August and September, by the Society at Washington, D. C. 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Immediate publication may be obtained at author’s expense. All manuscripts should be sent to the Editor, care Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Wash- ington 25, D. C. The Corresponding Secretary and Treasurer should be addressed similarly. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL Society oF WASHINGTON VOL. 47 MARCH, 1945 Now3 THE GENUS GALERUCA IN NORTH AMERICA (Coleoptera: Galerucinae) By Doris H. Biaxe The genus Galeruca consists of species found mostly in the temperate and even subarctic regions of Europe, Asia and North America. Such localities as the Himalayas, Finland, Siberia and the Swiss Alps indicate its tendency to occur in cold or mountainous areas. In North America two species have been described, one, G. externa Say from specimens collected on Long’s expedition to the Rocky Mountains, and the other, G. rudis LeConte from Puget Sound, Washington. Rudis has been wrongly synonymized by Horn with externa. A third name, G. pomonae Scop., has been erroneously applied to a species collected about 1878 in Ohio, which was supposed to have been introduced into this country from Europe. Of late years the common name of “‘peppergrass beetle” has been adopted for a species misidentified as G. externa Say that occurs in the prairie provinces of Canada and northern United States and which has transferred its feeding habits from pepper- grass (Lepidium sp.) to the cultivated crops of cabbage and other cruciferous garden plants. Such statements as the follow- ing: ““The peppergrass beetle (Galeruca externa Say) * * * feeds on lupine in the Great Basin area. In 1934 it destroyed the lupines over hundreds of acres in Eastern Oregon and also fed on the grasses” 1, a statement that is contradictory in itself in regard to the insect’s natural foodplant, have led me to examine critically the specimens of Galeruca in the National Museum and other collections. It was not surprising, there- fore, to find that there are several hitherto unrecognized species of the genus occurring in North America. Unlike the European species, the North American ones are closely related to each other and rather difficult to separate. They are all deep brown or piceous with paler elytral margins, all are coarsely and densely punctate, all have strong elytral costae, and some have lesser intercostal ridges running parallel to the main costae. Moreover, the aedeagi are all very much alike. ‘The main differences lie in the sculpture of the elytra, 1 Keen, U.S. D. A., Mis. Pub., 273, p. 166, 1938, spr 3 “#8 54 PROC. ENT, SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 3, MAR., 1945 In addition, the distribution of each species seems clear cut. There is (1) a Rocky Mountain species which extends from the Pacific Northwest down through the Sierras and Rocky Moun- tains; (2) a northern great plains species found in the prairie provinces of Canada and Minnesota and the Dakotas; (3) a central or Mississippi Valley species; (4) a species found in the arid Southwest, in southwestern Colorado, Utah, Arizona and New Mexico; and lastly (5) a species found in the mountains of Texas and New Mexico. What little is known of the food habits indicates that these too are distinctive. I have examined many specimens and wish to thank the following for sending me their material for study: Nathan Banks, Museum of Comparative Zoology; Warwick Benedict, Uni- versity of Kansas; W. J. Brown, Dept. of Agriculture, Canada; J. J. Davis, Blatchley collection; T. H. Frison, Illinois State Natural History Survey; C. A. Frost; L. G. Gentner, Oregon State College; G. F. Knowlton, Utah State College; S$. Maulik, British Museum; A. T. McClay; Clarence E. Mickel, Univ. of Minnesota; H. B. Mills, Montana State College; Miriam A. Palmer, Colorado State College; W. D. Pierce, Los Angeles Museum; H. C. Severin, South Dakota State College; E. C. Van Dyke, California Academy. Key To THE SPECIES 1. Deep reddish or even blackish brown with an indistinct pale elytral mar- gin, elytral punctation very coarse and deep and with many irregular, short, sharp ridges between the costae (Upper Mississippi Valley from about the Great Lakes southwards along the Mississippi River and its tributaries. Breeding on Phlox divaricata)............. G. externa Say Very dark brown or piceous with distinct pale elytral margin, elytral punctation not so coarse and the intercostal areas not broken up con- spicuously by many sharply-cut ridges ss .52 0. «20 ~ gadis ts os oe eee 2 2. Between the usual 3 or 4 costae on each elytron narrower and less ele- vated intermediate costae, making 7 or 8 costae on each elytron, the main costae very prominent (Utah, S. W. Colorado, Arizona and New WHS CON Ra, cee oRlg ueeeeers ero, orrs Seen ¢ cic ieo.F eno G. costatissima n. sp. Usually only 3 or 4 distinct costae on each elytron, although ridges or remnants of intercostae present in many specimens.................... 3 3. Costae not very elevated, punctation coarse, shallow, regular, and con- tiguous, and usually with little ridging between (Extreme northwestern mexas andsNew, Mexico))gs5.50 \actie save =. 6 <3 G. popenoei n. sp. Costae more or less sharply prominent, punctation more irregular, some- times less dense, sometimes finer, often with small intercostal ridgings. .. .4 4. Punctation on elytra not so dense, aedeagus with a somewhat attenuated tip (Pacific Northwest, Sierras, Rocky Mts., feeding on lupine)....... G. rudis Lec. Punctation on elytra dense, contiguous, aedeagus with a slightly less attenuated tip (Western plains of Canada and northern U. S., feeding on Lepidtwm andother crucifers).<...c.0--see-++-+ores G. brownti n. sp. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 3, MAR., 1945 55 Galeruca externa Say (Fig. 2) Galleruca externa Say, 1824, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 3:858. Galeruca pomonae “Scop.”, Knab, 1905 Ent. News, 16:230-32. (Not G. pomonae Scop. 1763.) In 1903 Charles Dury ® wrote that 25 years before he had found rather commonly in the vicinity of Cincinnati, Ohio, a Galeruca that Horn identified as externa. He reported that Schwarz rather doubted its occurrence there and on receiving a specimen had identified it as G. tanaceti L., a European species, and the first record of its being in the United States. Dury queried whether his specimens from Ohio, Michigan, Colorado, New Mexico and California although “‘varying in minor details so that no two are alike” might not “any of them fit the descrip- tion of either tanaceti or externa” and asked if the two species might not be identical. ‘Two years later Frederick Knab took up the problem and identified Dury’s specimens and also a series reared by C. A. Hart from Champaign Co., Illinois, now in the collection of the Illinois State Natural History Survey, not as G. tanaceti L. but as G. pomonae Scop. because of its fer- ruginous coloration and some differences in marginal grooving of the elytra. He stated that G. externa is confined to the Rocky Mountain region and “although costate like G. pomonae is amply distinct.” ‘Two years later J. J. Davis? wrote in detail of his breeding of the species which C. A. Hart had found feed- ing as larvae on both Phlox divaricata and Dentaria laciniata. Davis wrote “in all our observations of the past two years they have been found only on Phlox divaricata.” He quoted Kalten- bach as authority for the statement that the food plants of G. pomonae in Kurope were Centaurea jacea, Cirsium palustre, and Scabiosa succisa. ‘These incongruities in food plants will be cleared up in the following paragraphs. Galeruca externa was described by Say from “‘Arkansa”’, mean- ing thereby along the Arkansas River. Contrary to Knab’s statement, this species was not collected in the Rocky Moun- tains. Those insects that Say described from the Rocky Mountains, he specifically stated were collected ‘“‘near the Rocky Mts.”’, “at the base of the Rocky Mts.”’, or even “‘the upper Arkansa”. ‘The Long expedition, after following the Platte River out to Colorado, climbed only Long’s Peak, and some of them possibly Pike’s Peak, and then returned by follow- ing the Arkansas River back. It must have been on this return trip that Say collected the species which he named Galleruca 2 Dury, 1903, Ent. News, 14:146. 3 Davis, 1907, Ent. News, 18:269-275, 56 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 3, MAR., 1945 externa. Specimens in the National Museum which have been labelled by Knab as G. pomonae, the European species, are of of the same species as those in the LeConte collection from Nebraska (as indicated by the green color disc) labelled by LeConte as G. externa. Furthermore, in the F. H. Snow collec- tion in the University of Kansas, there are specimens of this species from Douglas Co., Kansas, which is not far from the type locality, the Arkansas River. It was also collected by Blatchley in Indiana, and by E. P. Van Duzee as far east as Lancaster, N. Y. One old specimen in the Wickham collec- tion is from Pittsburg, Pa. Old specimens labelled simply Canada, or “C.W.” (Canada West) are in the F. A. Eddy collec- tion in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. ‘These scattered records indicate that the species is found in the central area of the United States from the Great Lakes down the Mississippi and its tributaries, and that it is not a dry plains or a mountain or a far northern species. In the east Phlox divaricata grows in rich river woods, a soil not dissimilar to that found in the Mississippi Basin. Knab’s identification of this species as the Kuropean pomonae is incorrect. Both the North American species and pomonae are costate and coarsely punctate, but they differ in coloration, pomonae being bright reddish brown and the North American species being dull brown, often blackish brown. The aedeagi are quite unlike. The elytral sculpture of the Mississippi Valley species is irregular with numerous sharp intercostal ridges giving the appearance of confluent punctures, and the punctures are coarser and more sharply cut and deeper than in pomonae or other North American species. ‘Two points in Say’s short description apply strictly to this species,—the blackish brown coloration and the confluent elytral punctation. Two other species, one found on the great plains of Canada and northern United States, and the other in the high mountains of the Rockies, are both clearly black and with dense but not confluent punctation. In short, all indications point to this Mississippi Valley species being the one that Say described in 1824 as externa. Distribution: Canava: “Canada West” (F. A. Eddy collec- tion): New York: Lancaster (E. P. Van Duzee). PENnNsyL- vANIA: Pittsburg (G. A. Ehrmann). Onto: Near Cincinnati (Charles Dury). Inprana: Kosciusko Co. (Blatchley). Inur- nois: Champaign Co. (C. A. Hart); Urbana (J. J. Davis). Kansas: Douglas Co. (F. H. Snow). Nesrasxa: LeConte collection. PLATE 5 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47 2.Galeruca externa Say uca rudis Lec. 1. Gale: uca pomonae Scop ler 4.Ga 3.Galeruca browni 6.Galeruca costatissima 5.Galeruca popenoei [57] 58 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 3, MAR., 1945 Galeruca rudis Lec. (Fig. 1) Galleruca rudis LeConte, 1857, Ent. Rept. upon Insects collected on the Survey on Route near 47th Parallel, Rept. of Expl. and Surv. Miss. to Pac., vol. XI, pt. 35 p. 69: LeConte drew up his description of G. rudis from a specimen or specimens found by Mr. Gibbs at Steilacoom, Washington, which is on Puget Sound below Tacoma. In his collection there are 3 specimens, each bearing a small blue disc indicating the locality Oregon or Washington, the type, a female, bearing LeConte’s label, and two others, a smaller male and a large female. A fourth specimen without locality label is also this species. The fifth specimen from Veta Pass, Colorado is of Schwarz’s collecting, and the sixth labelled W. T. (Washington Territory) completes the series. © LeConte’s description of rudis, translated, reads thus: “piceous, ovate, above glabrous, with the head and_ thorax coarsely punctate, the latter widely canaliculate, bifoveate, unequal, anteriorly narrowed, with sides subangulate; elytra with the suture elevated and four smoothish (sublaevis) costae, the interstices and marginal sulcus deeply and coarsely punctate. Length .4.” Compared with G. externa, this species differs in being piceous black throughout with the margin and epipleura yellow brown. In externa the pale margin, while discernible in most specimens, offers no great contrast to the rest of the body, not being much paler. The difference in the sculpture of the two is most striking; in externa the elytral punctures are nearly twice as large and considerably deeper than in rudis, and moreover the punctures are contiguous, often confluent, whereas in rudis the punctures, although dense, are for the most part clearly defined and not confluent. This species is found feeding on lupine. FE. C. Van Dyke, O. H. Swezey, Arthur McClay, L. G. Gentner, and others have recorded it on that host plant in Washington, Oregon, and California. ‘There is one record of its occurrence on lupine at Big Horn, National Forest, Wyoming. Undoubtedly it is the same as the species referred to in the quotation at the beginning of this paper as destroying hundreds of acres of lupine in eastern Oregon. In the Rocky Mountains it appears to inhabit high elevations. One collector (J. F. G. Clarke) writes, ‘I have seen this species by the thousands on glaciers and rocks” (Table Mountain, Wyoming). No hint of its food plant at these eleva- tions is given, but lupine occurs abundantly in the high mountain meadows. ‘Throughout its long range from British Columbia along the coast of Washington and Oregon, down through the Cascades and Sierras, the specimens are not very variable. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 3, MAR., 1945 59 But specimens from the Rocky Mountains are slightly different in appearance. In general they are smaller, and correspondingly the punctation does not appear so coarse. I am unable to find any stable differences, however. Possibly these high mountain specimens are a small depauperate race. It will be seen that all the localities listed from Colorado are at a considerable eleva- tion and none of them are located in the eastern part of the state. G.rudis and externa do not overlap in their range. Distribution: British Coxtumpia: Alasak Mt., 7,500 ft., Lytton (F. Perry) on Dryas drummondi; Glenora (Wickham); Hope Summit (A. N. Gartrell); Mt. Apex (A. N. Gartrell); Mts. between Hope and Okanagan, Lillooet Dist.; Vancouver. ALBERTA: Crow’s Nest Pass (F. Johansen). WasHiNncTon: Friday Harbor; Gulf of Georgia (A. Agassiz); Hurricane Hill, Clallam Co. (M. H. Hatch); Mt. Ranier, 5,000, ft. (M. Malcolm); Paradise Valley (Wickham); Vancouver (Blaisdell); Washing- ton Territory (Morrison). OrrGcon: Crater Lake, 7,2—-7,400 ita (2. G. Gentner); Gardiner (Fender); Gearhart (M..C. Lane): Hanson’s Resort, Jefferson Co. (Van Dyke); Hauser (L. G. Gentner, A. T. McClay) on lupine; Malheur, Jefferson Co. (Van Dyke) on lupine; Mt. Hood (Van Dyke); Prospect, Jack- son Co., (Van Dyke); Seaside; Warrenton, on Franseria. CauirorniA: Big Pine, Inyo Co. (I. McCracken); Bishop (HE. EF. Kenaga, D. E. Hardy); Crescent City, Del Norte Co. (Van Dyke); Eldorado Co.; Echo (R. H. Beamer); Fallen Leaf, Eldorado Co. (O. H. Swezey) on lupine; Lake Tahoe (Van Dyke); Mt. Whitney Portal, Inyo Co. (L. J. Muchmore); Placer Co., Pyramid Range station (F. H. Herbert) on wild parsley; Sisson; Tallac (A. Fenyes); Tuolumne Co. (R. L. Usinger). Nervapa: Mt. Wheeler (F. W. Morand). Ipano: Bonanza. Utran: Mt. Nebo (Peabody Collection); Pine Mts. Stoddard Ranch, Wasatch (Otto Lugger, Schwarz). Montana: Bear Paw Mt. (E. A. Schwarz); Broadwater Co. (A. A. Nichol), Gallatin Mts.; Gallatin Co.; W. Gallatin Canyon; Mystic Lake, 7,000 ft.; West Fork Bitterroot River (S. Beller). Wyominc: Big Horn, National Forest (Hettinger) on lupine; Crandall Creek (R. Currie); Freedom (Knowlton); Jackson’s Hole (Res Currie)ey Table Mt.) Whatcomb Co. (Jus F. 'G: Clarke); Yellowstone Park (Schwarz). Cotorapo: Argentum, 12—13,000 ft. (Wickham); Bailey; Breckenridge, 9, 6—10,000 ft. (Wickham); Buford; Copeland Park, Boulder Co. (Alexander); Dutch George, near Estes Park; Ft. Collins (S. Beller); Glenwood Spgs. (Wickham); Gothic, 9,500 ft.; Leadville (Wickham); Timberline above Leadville, 11-12,000 ft.; Little Willow Creek, Gun. Co., 8,000 ft.; Long’s Peak, 12,000 ft. (S. A. Rohwer); Muchanawago (A. Fenyes); Palmer Lake; Pagosa Springs (R. H. Beamer); Pingree Park, 9,300 ft. (Warwick Benedict, R. H. Beamer, Lawson); Ouray, 9,000 ft. (Wickham); above 60 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 3, MAR., 1945 Ouray, 13,000 ft.; Torrey Park, Boulder Co., 10,000 ft.; Veta Pass (E. A. Schwarz); Ward,. 9,000 ft. (L. J. Muchmore); Westlake. New Mexico: Chama (R. H. Beamer.) Galeruca browni, new species (Fig. 3) 8-10.5 mm. long, ovate, piceous with pale yellow brown elytral margin, some- what shining, densely and rather coarsely punctate, the head and sometimes the prothorax very inconspicuously pubescent; elytra with the suture raised and on each elytron three costae and sometimes remnants of a fourth below the humerus. Head coarsely and densely punctate, sparsely pubescent, a median depressed line running from occiput to lower end of front, front short, ending a little below antennal sockets; frontal tubercles prominently raised with a little depres- sion on the vertex above them; eyes rather small, elliptical, widely separated. Antennae extending a little below the humeri, rather stout, first six joints less hairy than last five, third joint longer than fourth, the fourth longer than fifth, remainder about equal. Prothorax over twice as broad as long, narrowed an- teriorly, sides angulate in many specimens, often with a slight constriction at middle or a little below, the margin more widely explanate in anterior half and turned upwards on the edge. Surface moderately shiny, very densely and coarsely punctate and irregular, more or less canaliculate in the middle and with depressions on either side, a very short and sparse pubescence in some specimens. Elytra each with three costae besides the raised sutural edges, and frequently remnants of another below the humerus, occasionally two others more faintly marked between the suture and first and second costae. Punctation very dense, contiguous, and rather regular becoming finer and shallower at apex. Body beneath piceous, shining, lightly covered with pale pubescence. Anterior coxal cavities closed, middle tibiae with short spur at tip, claws with a short tooth at base. Length 8-10.5 mm.; width 5.5-6.2 mm. Type male and 7 paratypes in Canadian National Collection, Ottawa; 4 paratypes in U. S. National Museum (Cat. No. 5193) Type locality——Aweme, Manitoba, collected by Norman Criddle, Sept. 3, 1906. Distribution: Manirospa: Aweme (George Greene); Brandon (Wickham); Treesbank (Criddle); Wawansea (Mrs. E. Ellis). SASKATCHEWAN: Estevan (P. C. Brown); Rutland (A. R. Brooks). ALBERTA: Blairmore (J. H. Pepper); Dead Horse Lake (P. J. Darlington); Medicine Hat (L. J. Muchmore); Nanton (E. H. Strickland); Nordegg. Minnesota: Becker Co.; Bemidji (M. Taylor); Cass Co. (R. H. Daggy); Detroit Lakes (M. H. Ostrem); Fertile (H. L. Parten) feeding on clover and alfalfa; Itasca Park; Lancaster (D. G. Denning) feeding on Russian thistle; Norman Co.; Plummer (D. G. Denning and O. Pearson); Red Lake Co. (D. G. Denning). Iowa: Sioux City. Sourn Daxora: Aberdeen; Eureka (H. C. Severin) PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 3, MAR., 1945 61 Remarks: Norman Criddle ‘ appears to have been the first to record this beetle in economic literature. He wrote that it “appeared in enormous numbers but as it confined itself chiefly to Lepidium and a species or two of Arabis it could hardly be objected to.” Since then it has been mentioned from time to time, especially in Canadian reports. In 1932 Dunstan ® gave a brief account of its life histroy, stating that it winters over as an egg, which hatches early in the spring, the adults appearing about the middle of June. ‘There is only one generation. Ac- cording to him it feeds on cabbage, turnip, perennial alyssum, and Arabis. Gibson® reports it as occurring in the prairie provinces of Canada on peppergrass and tumbling mustard, and also damaging plants of the same family, such as alyssum and rock cress, in gardens. Although there are specimens from Minnesota (in University of Minnesota collection) labelled as having been taken on Russian thistle (Salsola kali var. tenut- folia), alfalfa, and clover, it may easily be that the insects are sO numerous at times as to be found on everything. Certainly the bulk of evidence indicates that it breeds on wild crucifers. This species is very similar to G. rudis found in the Rockies and westward on lupine. ‘The elytral punctation is denser and the punctures are contiguous. In rwdis the punctures as a rule are finer and quite distinctly separated. ‘The tip of the aedeagus is a little less pointed than in rudis. It is difficult to separate the two species except by their range and food plant. Galeruca popenoei, new species (Fig. 5) 6.5 to 10 mm. long, broadly ovate, deep brown to piceous with pale elytral margin, not very shining, elytral costae not much elevated and few traces of intercostal ridges, punctation rather coarse and contiguous. Head densely and coarsely punctate with a short pubescence more conspicuous in lower part; a median line from occiput down front dividing the prominent frontal tubercles. Antennae not extending much below humeri, third joint longer than fourth, four apical joints more pubescent than basal ones. Pro- thorax more than twice as wide as long, narrowed anteriorly, sides usually somewhat angulate with an explanate margin turned up at the edges; disc very uneven with median and lateral depressions, surface coarsely and densely punctate, the punctures for the most part contiguous, and with very short inconspicuous pale pubescence. Elytra broad, not so convex as in G. brownt, and not so shiny; costae broad and distinct but not very elevated and the usual ridges between not marked, usually absent; punctation coarse, rather shallow and contiguous. Body beneath piceous black, shiny, with a fine pale pubescence. Middle tibiae with a tiny spur at apex. Length 6.5-10 mm.; width 3.7-6.2 mm. 4 Criddle, 1913, 43rd Ann. Rept. Ent. Soc. Ont. (1912), p. 99. 5 Dunstan, 1932, Can. Dept. Agr. Ent. B. 32:48. § Gibson, 1934, Can. Dept. Agr. Ent. B. (n. s.) 99: 34, 62 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 3, MAR., 1945 Type male and 4 paratypes (females), U. S. National Museum (Cat. No. 57194.) Type locality —Van Horn Mts., Texas, collected in September 1922 by C. H. Popenoe. Distribution. New Mexico: Cloudcroft, Sacramento Mts., 8,000 ft. (Wheeler, Wickham); Glorieta (Fall collection); top of range between Sapello and Pecos Rivers, elevation 11,000 ft. (CE DeAs and’W..P.Cockerell); “N-IMe; (2 As Nddyicollectionr IVI Zs) Remarks.—In a study of the comparatively few specimens examined, this species appears quite distinct from the Rocky Mountain G. rudis, which also occurs at high altitudes. It is usually rather dull and deep brown. ‘The punctation is very dense, even contiguous, and coarser than in rudis. The elytra appear less convex and therefore broader. So far it has been collected only in the mountains of New Mexico and the north- western tip of Texas, and it may very well extend down into Mexico. Galeruca costatissima, new species (Fig. 6) 9-12 mm. long, broadly ovate, moderately shiny, deep brown to piceous with pale elytral margin, coarsely and deeply punctate, elytra with four main costae well developed and usually with intermediate ridges or costae running parallel to the main ones. Head densely and coarsely and often confluently punctate, with a median line from the occiput down the front, dividing the prominent frontal tubercles; inconspicuously pubescent. Antennae extending below the humeri, stout, third joint nearly as long as first, and longer than fourth, the remainder shorter than fourth, the four or five distal densely pubescent. Prothorax a little over twice as wide as long, sides usually angulate, often constricted at or below the middle, surface uneven with median and lateral depressions, densely, often confluently punctate, sometimes with a little very inconspicuous pubescence. Elytra broad, each with four strong costae and usually between these main costae well developed but not so wide ridges running parallel to the main ones, making seven or eight costae on each elytron; punctation rather coarse and tending to be confluent. Body beneath shining piceous, lightly pubescent. Middle tibiae with tiny spur. Length 9-12 mm.; width 5-7 mm. Type male and 7 paratypes U.S. National Museum (Cat. No. AE) Type locality —Williams, Arizona, collected by Barber and Schwarz May 25 (1901). Distribution: Arizona: Dewey (V. W. Owen). New Mexico: near Hot Springs, Las Vegas, 7,000 ft. (IF. H. Snow); San Juan Valley, Taos Co., 4,500 ft. Urau: Farmington (E. W. Anthon); Logan (F. C. Harmston, R. J. Costley); Ogden (D. R. Mad- dock); Salt Lake City (G. F. Knowlton, Schwarz, Wickham); PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 3, MAR., 1945 63 St. George (A. Call); Vernon (H. F. Thornley). Cotorapo: Ackmen; Cortez, vicinity of Durango, La Plata Co. Remarks.—G. costatissima and G. externa are the largest North American species of the genus. Like externa, G. costatissima is readily distinguishable by its elytral sculpture which in its case consists of 7 or 8 more or less well-marked costae on each elytron. Other species frequently have small intermediate ridges but in no species are they as well developed and sharply elevated and constant as in this one. TWO NEW TROMBICULID MITE LARVAE (CHIGGERS) FROM BURMA By H. E. Ewrne Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U. S. Department of Agriculture Recently a rather large collection of trombiculid mite larvae (chiggers), taken in Burma, were received for identification. They were collected by H. S. Fuller, who is now a member of the United States of America Typhus Commission. Among these larvae two new species of Trombicula, s. s., were found which are here described. Most of the type material has been deposited with the U. S. National Museum, but some of it has been returned to the collector. Trombicula burmensis, new species Larva.—F ang of chelicera very sharp-pointed; upper margin almost straight, lower strongly outcurved. Palpus rounded along outer margin; palpal claw moderately curved, lower prong almost straight, reaching to tip of main prong, upper prong small, slightly curved, about one-half as long as lower and extending apically to about middle of latter. First palpal seta semiplumose, second with several short, lateral branches. Dorsal plate about twice as broad as long, slightly incurved along anterior margin and outcurved along posterior margin; median seta situated back from the front margin of dorsal plate, when depressed extending slightly beyond posterior margin of plate; anterolateral seta similar to median and of about same length; posterolateral seta situated considerably in front of posterolateral angle, longer than anterolateral; pseudostigmata situated on a line connecting the posterolaterals; pseudostigmatic organ flagelliform, sparsely barbed for entire length and when depressed extending over one-half its length beyond posterior margin of dorsal plate. Eyes well-developed; anterior and posterior corneas subequal. Abdomen rather short; dorsal setae subplumose, in slightly engorged larvae 32 are situated above lateral line and arranged as follows: 2-8-6-8-6-2 or 2-8-6-44-6-2. Legs rather short; paired claws equal. Length of larva when well engorged, 0.83 mm.; width, 0.44 mm. 64 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 3, MAR., 1945 Type host.—‘‘Rats.”’ Type locality —Ting Kawk, Burma. Type slides —U. 8S. N. M. Cat. No. 1484. Description based on the following material collected by H. S. Fuller in Burma, 1944: Ting Kawk, 4 specimens, June 14, 4 specimens, June 18, 1 specimen, June 29; Shaduzup, 1 specimen, July 14. This species is near deliensis Walch, but differs from deliensis in that the posterolateral setae are situated in front of the posterolateral angles, and the first and second palpal setae are not simple but branched. sy Na c Fig. 1. To left: Detail drawings of Trombicula burmensis, new species: a, palpal claw, from above; b, palpal femur and patella, from above; c, dorsal plate. To right: Detail drawings of T. fullert, new species; a, fang of chelicera, side view; b, palpal claw; c. dorsal plate. All greatly but not equally enlarged. Trombicula fulleri, new species Larva.—Chelicera with tip of fang obliquely truncate; lower tooth poorly developed; upper tooth absent, but margin of truncate end forming a functional tooth by the angle it makes with upper margin of fang. Palpus somewhat angulate laterally on the margin of femur; first, second, and third palpal setae simple; palpal claw moderately curved, accessory prongs almost equal, both projecting beyond outer margin of claw proper. Eyes absent. Dorsal plate more than twice as broad as long, incurved in front on each side of median line and broadly outcurved behind; median seta almost straight, situated somewhat behind anterior margin of dorsal plate and when depressed extending beyond posterior margin by over one-third its length; anterolateral seta similar to median but only about two-thirds as long; posterolateral seta similar to anterolateral but slightly longer; pseudostigmata situated almost between posterolateral setae; pseudostigmatic organ flagelliform, slightly longer than median seta and PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 3, MAR., 1945 65 with a few short branches on distal one-third. Abdomen short and broad; dorsal seta as follows in engorged specimens: 2-8-6-6-4-2, counting a pair of posterolaterals and posteromarginals. Legs rather short; paired tarsal claws equal. Length of larva when engorged, 0.52 mm.; width, 0.42 mm. Type host.—‘‘Shrews.”’ Type locality—Shaduzup, Burma. Type slides —U. S. N. M. Cat. No. 1485. Description based on four specimens taken from type hosts at type locality, July 7, 1944, by H. S. Fuller, for whom the species is named. This trombiculid is nearest walcht Womersley and Heaslip, but has no eyes, and the median seta is situated considerably behind the anterior margin of the dorsal plate and when depressed backward it extends for more than one-third its length beyond the posterior margin of the dorsal plate. A NEW SPECIES OF AEDES FROM SAIPAN AND THE LARVA OF AEDES PANDANI (Diptera: Culicidae) By Aran STONE Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, United States Department of Agriculture As the result of recent collecting by Army and Navy ento- mologists on the island of Saipan, Marianas Islands, a series of specimens has been received of what appears to be an unde- scribed species of mosquito. ‘This was tentatively determined in the field as d4edes pandani Stone, a species known only from Guam, but the coloration of both sexes and the structure of the male genitalia show the two species to be quite distinct although related. I am indebted to Lt. (jg) Joseph Greenberg, USNR, and to Capt. David G. Hall, AUS, for these specimens. Before the male of the new species was discovered, it was thought possible that the material from Saipan was no more than a race of Aedes pandani from Guam. ‘The need for larvae of the latter species was expressed, and the National Naval Medical School requested these from the Naval Epidemiological Unit on Guam. I am indebted to these organizations, and particularly to the collector, Lt. (jg) Engel L. R. Gilbert, for so promptly supplying the desired specimens, which confirm the close relationship but specific distinctness of the two species. 66 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 3, MAR., 1945 Aedes (Stegomyia) saipanensis, new species Female.—Length 3.6 mm., wing 2.5 mm. Scales of vertex flat, creamy white medially, flanked on each side by a dark-brown patch of about the same width, and a broad lateral patch of creamy-white scales usually broken by a narrow line of dark ones; a narrow line of pale scales and overhanging yellow setae between the eyes, and flat yellowish scales on the yellow tori; clypeus dark brown; palpus about one-fourth length of proboscis, nearly black, with a small apicodorsal white area; proboscis dark brown, the labella and a narrow mid- ventral line slightly paler. Anterior pronotum with long yellow setae above and flattened yellowish-white scales below; posterior pronotum with a patch of flat white scales; scales of mesoscutum narrow, deep reddish brown except for a pattern of yellow scales as follows: A narrow median line slightly narrowed to the prescutellar bare area and divided to border this area to the scutellum; a pair of narrow sublateral stripes from level of anterior spiracle to the scutellum; a mar- ginal band on each side from front of scutum to above wing base; the sublateral stripe, which borders the supra-alar area, does not join the marginal stripe anteriorly; scales of scutellum broad, those on median lobe pale yellow, on lateral lobes dark brown; paratergites with broad yellow scales; pleuron with flat white scales on propleuron, a patch on upper portion of sternopleuron widening posteriorly and bordering hind margin below, and a patch on mesepimeron above and medially; postspiracular setae few; no lower mesepimeral setae. Wing scales all dark; halter pale yellow with only a few dark scales dorsally near base of knob, the rest of scales yellow. Coxae yellow with patches of broad white scales; fore femur anteriorly mainly dark-scaled with a narrow row of pale scales not reaching apex and a very small apical yellow spot; posteriorly all but ventral margin with pale-yellow scales; fore tibia dark brown with scattered pale scales posteriorly; fore tarsus dark, the first segment with a small patch and the second with several white scales dorsally; mid femur dark anteri- orly except for a very small yellow spot at apex, mostly pale posteriorly; mid tibia dark except for a pale posterior stripe; mid tarsus dark except for com- plete, narrow white bands on first two segments; hind femur pale except for a narrow dorsal stripe widening apically; apex narrowly yellow; hind tibia almost entirely dark; first hind tarsal segment with a white band about one-fourth length of segment, broken by a dark stripe on inner surface; second and third segments with complete white rings about one-fourth and one-third of the segments, respectively; usually a few white scales or narrow bands at bases of segments 4 and 5. Abdomen dark brown with complete basal bands of whitish scales on tergites 2-7; these bands widen laterally except on tergite 7, where the band is widest medially; sternites white, with a broad apical dark band on sternite 6 and traces of dark bands on the more anterior sternites. Male.—Color essentially as in female, but tori somewhat darker. Palpus nearly as long as proboscis, with white bands, sometimes incomplete, at bases of segments 3-5. Dorsal abdominal! pale bands often broken medially. Geni- talia: Rather similar to those in pandani but the dististyle (fig. 1) broader sub- apically and more densely covered with fine pile, which points medially on the dorsal surface, distally on the ventral surface, and the subapical spine stouter and double; the basal lobe forms a concave shelf, broad dorsally, narrowed ven- PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 3, MAR., 1945 67 g}/ 14 1 if! Aedes (Stegomyia) saipanensis, n. sp. Fig. 1.—Dististyle, ventral view (portion in circle shows direction of setae on dorsal surface). Fig. 2.—Larva, eighth and ninth segments; comb scale and pecten tooth, enlarged. (Drawn by Arthur D. Cushman.) trally, densely clothed with hairs which are longer and straighter on dorsal portion, shorter and with an inward bend on ventral portion; ninth tergite concave medially, with a few hairs on the broad lateral lobes. Holotype female and 19 paratypes, U. S. National Museum No. 57197 and British Museum. Type locality —Saipan, Marianas Islands. Collection data.—Holotype and 6 female paratypes, June— July 1944 (Joseph Greenberg); 6 male paratypes, October 1, 1944 (Joseph Greenberg); 3 female, 4 male paratypes, Hashi- garo and Laulau, Saipan, August 22 to September 6, 1944 (David G. Hall). The color characters which most readily separate this species from the closely related pandani are the narrow line of paler scales on the under surface of the proboscis, the abundant pale scales on the knob of the halter (these are all dark in pandant), the somewhat darker integument most noticeable on the pleuron and the postnotum, and the complete abdominal bands of the female. The larva of this species was also collected by Lt. (jg) Joseph Greenberg in considerable numbers and is herein de- scribed. 68 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 3, MAR., 1945 Larva (fig. 2).—Length 5.25 to 6.25 mm. Head slightly broader than long; antenna about 6 times as long as greatest width, scarcely tapering, its length about one-fourth width of head; no spicules; a single antennal hair at about five-eighths distance from base; clypeal spines single, slender, pale, curved down- ward; anteantennal hair (A) double; lower head hair (B) single or double, placed close to front of clypeus; upper head hair (C) long, single, placed well anterior to hair A; postclypeal hair (d) a small tuft of about 8 hairs slightly anterior to and mesad of hair B; sutural hair (e) and transutural hair (f) both very fine,single. ‘Thorax: Prothoracic submedian hairs 3, the inner posterior one a tuft of about 5 long, slender hairs, the outer anterior one a tuft of about 10 straight, rather short, stouter setae, and the third, between these tufts, a single long, slender hair; 3 more pairs of dorsal stellate tufts and 4 ventral pairs on thorax; a very short basal spine on metathoracic pleural hair tuft. Abdomen: Seg- ments 1-7 each with an anterior submedian, a posterior submedian, and a posterior sublateral pair of stellate hairs dorsally, and a posterior submedian pair of stellate hairs ventrally; lateral tuft of first segment with 5-6 hairs, of second with 4-5 hairs, and of the remaining segments with 2-3 hairs; comb of 16-18 long, finely fringed scales, closely set in a curved row; eighth segment with 2 siphonal tufts, 1 stellate, 1 a single hair, 2 subsiphonal hairs, 1 double, I single, and | stellate anal hair; siphon very sparsely pilose, the index about 2.0; no acus; pecten of about 15 teeth set in a row which curves dorsoapically and reaches only about two-thirds length of siphon, each tooth with several lateral teeth subbasally on the ventral side; siphonal hair double, somewhat beyond middle; anal ring rather widely separated ventrally, the hind margin strongly curved so that the dorsal length of the saddle is decidedly greater than its ventral length; saddle very sparsely spicular pilose except near the hind margin, where the pile is longer and merges into the irregular fringe of longer hairs; saddle hair tuft of 4-6 rather short, stout hairs; gills stout, pointed apically, the dorsal pair slightly longer than the ventral pair and both usually shorter than dorsal length of saddle. The larvae were found in water held in holes in breadfruit and banyan trees, and less frequently in the axils of Pandanus leaves. Aedes (Stegomyia) pandani Stone Aedes (Stegomyia) pandani Stone, 1939, Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 41: 162. Larva.—Length 6 to7 mm. Head slightly broader than long; antenna about 4.5 times as long as greatest width, scarcely tapering, its length about one-fourth width of head; no spicules; a single antennal hair about at middle; clypeal spine pale, stout at base and split into 2-4 downward curving filaments; anteantennal hair (A) double; lower head hair (B) single or double, placed close to front of clypeus; upper head hair (C) long, simple, placed about on level with hair A; postclypeal hair (d) a small tuft of about 8 hairs slightly anterior and mesad of hair B;sutural hair (e) double, transutural hair (f) single, both very fine. Thorax: Prothoracic submedian hairs, 3 a long single one between 2 multiple ones, the hairs of posterior tuft decidedly longer than those of anterior tuft; stellate tufts arranged, both on thorax and abdomen as in satpanensis, but the elements all longer, thinner and paler, and with sparse lateral fraying and an acute apex; PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 3, MAR., 1945 69 abdominal lateral tufts of 5-6 hairs on first 2 segments, of 2—3 hairs on remainder; comb of about 15-19 long, slender, acutely pointed teeth that are very finely fringed laterally, closely set in a curved row; eighth segment finely spicular- pilose; 2 siphonal hairs, 1 stellate, 1 single, 2 subsiphonal hairs, 1 triple, 1 single, and 1 stellate anal hair. Siphon finely but rather densely pilose, the index about 2.5, its greatest width near middle; no acus; pecten of 22-28 teeth starting a short distance from base and curving abruptly dorsally near middle of pecten, so that the apical half runs nearly at right angles before the middle of the siphon; each pecten tooth almost exactly like a tooth of the comb, although slightly smaller; basal teeth smaller than the long ones of the outer two-thirds; siphona] tuft of 4 hairs, a little beyond middle of siphon, the apex of the nearest pecten tooth almost reaching it; ana! ring complete, longest dorsally, the surface rather densely spicular-pilose and this pile gradually lengthening towards hind margin; saddle hair tuft of 8-9 hairs; gills slender, the dorsal pair distinctly longer than dorsal length of anal ring, the ventral pair about equal to this length. These larvae were collected in the axils of Pandanus. Adults from the same source were reared, although they were not sub- mitted. ‘The most obvious differences between the larva of pandani and that of satpanensis are found in the clypeal spines, the character of the stellate hairs, and the shape of the pecten teeth. MINUTES OF THE 551st REGULAR MEETING OF THE ENTO- MOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, JANUARY 4, 1945 The 551st regular meeting of the Society was held at 8 P. M., Thursday, January 4, 1944, in Room 43 of the National Museum. President Poos presided and there were 35 members and 14 visitors present. ‘The minutes of the previous meeting were approved as read. The following committees were appointed by President Poos: Program: Henry K. Townes, Chairman, F. L. Campbell, Randall Latta. Membership: C. M. Packard, Chairman, Floyd Andre, H. W. Capps, L. S. Henderson. Mr. Loftin announced that the Auditing Committee had checked the report of the Treasurer and found it correct. He spoke of the clear, excellent, manner in which Mr. Haeussler’s records had been kept and moved that the Society extend a vote of thanks to him. The motion was seconded by Dr. Annand, put to a vote, and carried unanimously. The following new members were elected: Howard Baker, U. S. Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Washington, D. C. H. B. Derr, Fairfax, Virginia. Dr. C. P. Haskins, Haskins Laboratories, 305 E. 43d St., N. Y. J. Anthony Morris, U. S. Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Beltsville, Md. 70 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 3, MAR., 1945 The Society next listened to reports on the December meetings in New York. Mr. Van Dine, the New President of the American Association of Economic Entomologists, stated that the papers and discussions centered around the new insecticide, DDT. 0.5 for 12 out of 12 months). More than 150 species may occur within this zone, whereas there is only one species outside it. The latter desert-frequenting species, Trictena argentata, spends a larval period of from one to two years in a deep burrow (sometimes reaching 6 feet) feeding on the roots of red river gum, a species of Eucalyptus. The pupae have the ability to work their way to the top of the burrows, and the adults emerge during seasons of heavy rainfall to fly and mate within an hour or so. A large Trictena may lay 45,000 eggs, scattering them as she flies. Death occurs within 24 to 48 hours after emergence. ‘The fierce energy displayed by the adults is derived from the fats stored in their bodies, these fats being burned at such a rate during flight that a Trictena is actually warm to the touch. The aboriginal Australians rely on the grubs as a source of “‘Butter-fat” in their diet. Mr. Tindale discussed the hepialid zones of the world, stating that Australia has the greatest number of known species. Many species remain to be described and the Indo-Malayan region, which contains some of the most archaic forms, may prove to be almost as rich. The larval stages of many species are almost unknown; adults do not often come to lights and must usually be sought for; the emergence period is very brief; the species are variable in color and markings. Wing venation, antennal form, and mouthparts, are used for generic separations; structure of the genitalia must be studied for the best clues to specific speacations. Only when the range of forms and markings is fully understood can the species be correctly identified. A recent discovery of fossil wings from the Triassic may throw some light on the ancestry of the Hepialidae. A description of this fossil will soon be published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland (v. 56, 1945). Mr. Tindale is currently engaged in a study of the various North American species as a part of a world-wide survey of the genera and species'. His remarks were illus- trated by a series of slides showing the geographical range and life histories of several species. (Secretary’s Abstract from Author’s MS.) A brief discussion followed during which Mr. Tindale stated that not much has been done on the internal anatomy of the Hepialidae. He, himself, has unpublished notes on the subject. The second paper, also illustrated by lantern slides, was presented by Mr. R. P. Currie: An Entomologist—Editor Looks Back Over a Half-Century In the Federal Service. This paper will be published in a later number of the Society’s Proceedings. Mr. Currie closed his talk by introducing to the Society Mrs. Ellen M. Dittmeyer, daughter of Martin L. Linell, and also Mr. Rosham W. Dyar, son of Dr. H. G. Dyar. The meeting adjourned at 10:20 P. M. Ina L. Hawes, Recording Secretary. '' Tindale, N. B. 5 parts in Records of tte South Australian Museum, v. 4-7, 1932-1942. Actual date of publication, Fuly 12, 1945. Vee i Ni Nitin VOL. 47 October, 1945 ‘No. 7 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON PusiisHep Montuiy Excerpt Jury, Aucust anD SEPTEMBER BY THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON 25, D. C. Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D. C., under Act of August 24, 1912. Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized July 3, 1918, THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON OroanizED Marcu 12, 1884. The regular meetings of the Society are held in the National Museum on the tirst Thursday of each month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 P. M. Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00. Members are entitled to the Proceedings and any manuscript submitted by them is given precedence over any submitted by non-members. OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1945. FLONOLAYY SE FESEROHE. |! 6 Nevis te Nee oh ele ue eis te leh reyae Wists Rete L. O. Howarp PYOSTAOMED ee elica tide tes ea ALR CURE Dig Rua Viet Bet NEN ai pSV MRSS lettaee Oe F. W. Poos FEF REECE VESEGMBE COT ik RINE UR’ ja hI MAG? ie RMERYORT ie echo ate C. A. WEIGEL SOLA ICO TESIACHE Sh EELS gi AN ete mL eel aeoNR tm ttatiae foe Austin H. Crark RetonAe SeCrehaey), WN a Hanae rey ers oneta hs Gales tp oh SANE de ae Ina L. Hawes COMPESDONGINE SCETERATY, Vii ni erin ee er Taian wae te iP lina! Neokey te F. M. Waptey TPORRUT EN ONG Need eR UR eae hae el eatin npr niente {LB Rs FARA SO Mai helo eters. Cakant iota netiai oc tes Spbte MeL Ler eniteate ALAN STONE Executive Committee. .. . . E. N. Cory, R. W. Harnep, P. N. Annanp Nominasea 10 represent the Society as Vice-President of the Washington Academy of Sciences ...... C. F. W. Mugseseck PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON. Published monthly, except July, August and September, by the Society at Washington, D. C. 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Immediate publication may be obtained at author’s expense. All manuscripts should be sent to the Editor, care Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Wash- ington 25, D.C. The Corresponding Secretary and Treasurer should be addressed similarly. ee eee ee PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SoOcIETY OF WASHINGTON VOL. 47 OCTOBER, 1945 No. 7 BIONOMICS OF THE ROSE SEED CHALCID, MEGASTIGMUS NIGROVARIEGATUS ASHM. (Hymenoptera , Callimomidae) 1 By W. V. Batour, University of Tlinois HISTORY Megastigmus nigrovariegatus was first described by W. H. Ashmead in 1890 “‘from specimens collected at Greely, Colorado, and Vancouver Island” by H. F. Wickham. All the original types were females. In his paper on certain seed-infesting chalcids, Crosby (1909) confused this species with M. aculeatus Swed., an error he corrected in 1913 in his revision of the North American species of this genus. In this revisional paper, Crosby also indicated his belief that nigrovariegatus is native to America, while aculeatus was introduced “recently” from abroad. Cockerell (1894) discovered females of nigrovariegatus ‘‘on the fruits of roses in Mr. Boyle’s garden” in Santa Fe, New Mexico, and remarked “‘it is extremely probable that the species breeds in rose fruits, though until now nothing was known of its habits’’. Crosby (1909) observed it “‘ovipositing on the rose-hips during June and July”’, described the seed-inhabiting larva, found that the overwintered larvae pupate in the spring, and emphasized the variations in size and color of the adult males and females. In 1922, Gahan published his valuable list of the known seed chalcids, including M. nigrovariegatus, with references to the literature. ‘The present study was made largely in east central Illinois. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS My colleague in botany, Professor George N. Jones, kindly identified the roses concerned here. He has my hearty thanks for this indispensible service. [ am indebted also to Professor Stanley Hall and Mr. James S. Hutchinson in the Department of Floriculture for valuable aid. DISTRIBUTION Published records show nigrovariegatus has been collected or ! Contribution No. 244 from the Entomological Laboratories of the University of Illinois. 186 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 7, OCT., 1945 reared from rose seeds taken at White Church, Wellsville and Ithaca, New York; Durham, New Hampshire; Boston Massa- chusetts; Newark, Delaware; Falls Church, Virginia; Wauke- gan, Illinois; Madison, Wisconsin; and Provo, Utah (Crosby, 1913); Santa Fe, New Mexico (Cockerell); Greely, Colorado, and Vancouver Island, British Columbia (Ashmead). I found it rare to plentiful on various kinds of roses on the campus of the University of Illinois, and reared it from hips grown at Sidney, Illinois. Achenes taken at Sidney and along railroads at Gibson City, Illinois, and Madison Wisconsin, and along wooded roads in St. Louis County, Minnesota, con- tained larvae which are probably nigrovariegatus. DESCRIPTION OF THE HIP Fanciers of roses employ the names “hip” or “‘fruit”’ to desig- nate the elongate to subspherical structures or “‘apples” that develop on the branches of roses after the flowers fall. The hypanthium or external cover of the hip envelopes a variable number of true fruits or achenes. The wall or pericarp of the achene varies in texture from corky to bony among the several species of roses. Within each achene lies a single seed composed of two cotyledons and a surrounding seed coat or testa that is soft and fleshy until maturity when it, like the cotyledons, becomes firm. The deposited egg, the larva and the pupa of nigrovariegatus inhabit the seed, or the seed cavity after the seed is consumed by the larva. HOSTS So far as known, the rose seed chalcid inhabits the achenes of no other plants but the genus Rosa, including both wild and cultivated forms. The specimens sent to Crosby (1909) by J. G. Sanders from Madison, Wisconsin, were reared from Rosa rugosa, but other published host records that I have seen are not specific concerning the source. To date, I have reared it from the following species in Cham- paign County, Illinois: Rosa carolina L., the common wild 10se of this area; R. rugosa Thunb.; R. eglanteria L., the sweet brier rose; R. spinosissima L., R. virginiana Mill. and R. palustris Marsh., the swamp rose. In addition, the presence of exit holes made by the adult chalcid in the hypanthium and achenes of the hip of R. xanthina. Lindl. indicates it also developes in this rose. In the course of observations extending over several weeks in June, 1944, one female was found ovipositing in a hip of R. canina L.; but old hips of 1943 bore no emergence holes and new achenes of 1944 contained no larvae. Dissections of achenes revealed larvae, presumably of this chalcid, in the hips of R. near virginiana cultivated at Sidney and in those of R. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL.-47, NO. 7, OCT., 1945 187 acicularis Lindl. taken in St. Louis County, Minnesota, and of R. carolina growing wild along a railroad west of Madison, Wisconsin. Rosa carolina, like some other species, has two forms of hips, one subspherical, the other turnip-shaped with both ends flattened. Three hips of the latter type contained no larvae, whereas two of four hips of the former were inhabited. On the other hand, there was no evidence, either in the form of oviposition, larvae, pupae or the exit holes of adults, to indi- cate that the chalcid utilises R. setigera Michx., R. hugonis Hemsl. or a variety of the rambler, R. multiflora Thunb. RELATIVE SUITABILITY OF ROSE SPECIES As a group; the roses named above exhibit extensive varia- tion in their availability as hosts of M. nigrovariegatus. This fact is forcibly demonstrated by the range of percentages, —00.00 to 67.96, shown in table 1. Suitability or availability of rose hips for occupation by this chalcid seems, from prelimi- nary studies, to be affected by such factors as (1) time of bloom- ing or development of the hip with reference to the period of oviposition of the seed chalcid, (2) diameter of the hip and, accordingly, the availability of the contained achenes to the ovipositor, (3) the thickness and texture of the hypanthium and the pericarp, or penetrability by the ovipositor of the female and the mandibles of the emerging adult, and (4) the size of the seed which serves as an index of the amount of food available to the larva and of the size and vigor of the resulting adults. In the light of these factors, the hips and achenes of R. rugosa and R. virginiana seem to afford the conditions most nearly ideal for the success of nigrovariegatus. Both roses produce many achenes and hips in favorable weather and their periods of bloom are approximately simultaneous, which permits alter- nation of the ovipositing females between two favorable species of hosts during the time the insect is at its reproductive peak. The hypanthium of both is fairly thin, favoring penetration of the ovipositor to the underlying achenes. But beyond these common characteristics, these roses have distinct advantagés and also disadvatages. It seems probable that the larger popu- lation in virginiana, namely 67.96 compared with 53.67 per cent in rugosa, is made possible by the smaller diameter of its hips, which permits the ovipositor to reach a larger proportion of the achenes. On the other hand, the larger average diameter of rugosa enables the ovipositor to introduce eggs chiefly only into the achenes that lie against the inner wall of the hypanthium. The latter achenes are somewhat three-faced, with the broadest and moderately convex facet lying in contact with the hypan- thium. It is the more or less elongate oval achenes, which lie 188 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 7, OCT., 1945 in the central part of the hip cavity, that largely lack larvae, particularly in the case of the Marger hips, this fact indicating they lie beyond the reach of the ovipositor. Again, the achenes of rugosa are soft when immature and corky when mature, hence favorable to oviposition and the issuance of the young adult, whereas those of virginiana are semi-bony, and therefore slightly less penetrable by ovipositor and mandibles, yet not enough so to constitute a major obstacle. But the food supply afforded by the seeds of rugosa is considerably larger than that of virginiana, with the result that the imaginal individuals develop- ing in the former are so much bigger they can usually be dis- tinguished from others without magnification as they appear on the plants in nature. However, both hosts yield vigorous and highly-productive adults if the size of the populations in the hips may be taken as an indicator. Like rugosa and virginiana, R. palustris provides a good num- ber of readily penetrated achenes, and a consequent large popu- lation that averaged 57.54 percent. But the food supply stored in them represents the approximate minimum quantity on which adults of sufficient size and vigor necessary to reproduc- tion can develop. This is shown not only by the very small size of individuals that become sexually mature adults but also by a considerable minority that dies as larvae, whose physical state, as explained later, indicates the food supply was inade- quate to mature them; in other instances, the individuals die as pupae, or as adults too puny to be able to chew an exit hole in the pericarp and the hypanthium. While the population pro- duced in palustris therefore seems to be precariously self sus- taining, it was augmented somewhat by the more vigorous but late surviving minority of females that migrated from more favorable and earlier-blooming hosts growing in the vicinity. The hips of R. eglanteria and R. canina are in what seems to be a condition suitable for oviposition and larval feeding at the same time as rugosa and virginiana. While all of the four species produce a good number of hips, the percentage of achenes populated was but 6.06 and 00.00 in eglanteria and canina, respectively. The pericarp is fairly thick-walled and bony in both species, but these qualities seem not to constitute the inhibiting factors if any significance may be attached to the fact that 53.55 percent of the achenes of R. near virginiana were inhabited despite very thick and bony-hard walls. The fact that ovipositing females are rare to subcommon on these roses indicates some external feature of the hip, if not of the plant as a whole, may be responsible for the failure of the chalcid to use canina at all and eglanteria but rarely. One additional couple of species throws some light on the identity of host selection factors. R. spinosissima and R. hugonts are very similar in habitus, in having large, bony-walled PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. TOC8., 1945 189 achenes, and in earliness of blooming. The percent of mega- stigmatised achenes was 00.00 in hugonis and 16.76 in spinos- sissima, the numbers being based on dissections of achenes that grew very close to well-populated rugosa and virginiana. The most likely explanation for the low percents in hugonis and spinosissima is that these roses seem to tolerate a low average temperature in the spring season, hence bloom early, whereas the development of Megastigmus requires warmer weather, with the result that the plants or hips have largely passed a state attractive to ovipositing females before a considerable number of the insect has become adult. SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT AND ACTIVITIES Wintering Stage. All but a few individuals were found to be +1 the mature larval state during the winter. The small exceptional number of submature larvae occurred in the small and more or less inadequate achenes of R. palustris. The larvae lie in the cavity formed in the achene by their ingestion of the entire seed. The fecal pellets remain in the digestive tract, their black color contrasting sharply with the white body. Pupal Life. In the prepupal phase the larval body becomes shorter, thicker and irregular in form. Ecdysis follows soon after this form is attained, exposing the white pupa. The black fecal pellets, eliminated before the last larval molt, lie on the venter of the constriction that joins the thorax and abdomen of the pupa. From the initial solid white, the body progresses through several changes in color until the pattern of the adult form is reached. Early in this series of changes the eyes become pale pink, then deep pink, the rest of the body remaining white or grayish. Very gradually the black and yellowish colors of the adult then appear. Like the mature larvae, the pupae lie in the seed cavity, with the cephalic end directed toward the periphery of the hip. Data obtained by periodic dissection of achenes and by rear- ing adults from hips in April and May indicate that nigrovarte- gatus began its pupal phase during the last 10 days of April, 1943 and 1944; attained the numerical pupal peak between May 8 and 22, and concluded this stage with emergence of the adults, which extended from the last week of May to June 20. These dates pertain largely to normally vigorous individuals such as develop in the achenes of R. rugosa and R. virginiana. If records from R. palustris are admitted, the period of pupation is lengthened by about two weeks. Such tardy transformation is traceable in part to the normal late-blooming habit of this rose, and possibly in part to the undernourished condition of some larvae. Not a few underfed larvae persisted at least until July 22, but since these were then shrinking, dessicating and dying, and therefore did not attain the pupal stage, they may not 190 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 7, OCT., 1945 be considered in fixing the time limits of the pupal period. It is probable that this subnormalcy is the effect of the inade- quacy of the food available in the small achenes of palustris. © The widely applicable principle of insect life that pupation of individuals requires less time than the pupation of the genera- tion which they constitute is illustrated in Megastigmus by a series of instances from the records of 1943. These pertain to R. rugosa. On April 24, only one pupa occurred among the larvae of the sample obtained; on May 1, two larvae still retained their fecal pellets, while 55 had eliminated them and 15 had pupated; on May 8, the sample consisted of two larvae and 64 pupae; on May 12, 16 and 22, all the 135 individuals dissected from achenes were pupae, mostly in the advanced phase; and on June 1, only one pupa remained, the rest having already molted to adults, and these had emerged from the hips by this time. Variation from the normal time of pupation in April and May appears to be rare, but five such exceptional off-season instances came to my attention in the course of dissecting fresh achenes on November 28, 1942 and on July 16, 21, 28, and 29, 1944. One of the pupae obtained in 1944 was still white and the rest were already browned indicating that adulthood was imminent. Both sexes occurred in the series, all had developed in the achenes of R. rugosa and all were large and vigorous in appear- ance. J have not learned the fate of such pupae. Adult Life. The pupal exuviae are cast in the seed cavity where they remain more or less fragmented. The adult young gnaws a single circular hole straight through the pericarp of the achene and the hypanthium directly above. The exits are invariably made in the broadly rounded larger surface that lies contiguous with the inner face of the hypanthium, and mostly in the equatorial and basal parts of the hip. A small number of individuals, presumably such as develop from under-nourished larvae in the smaller achenes of R. palustris, either fail to exuviate or to prepare an emergence hole, and die within the achene or the partly prepared exit. In 1943 the first adults made their appearance on R. rugosa in nature on June 3, and in 1944, the first were seen on May 25. The emergence of adults from hips was completed on or about June 20, 1944. The over-all period of issuance was therefore three to four weeks long. Males were found alive on the simul- taneously developing rugosa and virginiana over a period of 21 days in 1943 and 22 days in 1944; and females occurred 21 and 19 days respectively in these years. Males were seen infre- quently after the last females had issued from the hips. The rose seed chalcid is slightly yet definitely protandrous. The occurrence and nature of protandry was learned by rearing adults from caged hips and by frequent checks on plants in the PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 7, OCT., 1945 191 field. ‘The following record represents the emergence over a period of eight successive days from a series of rugosa hips isolated in cages: 26 7. 7,3 9 9;2390,72 9;207 27,109 9; 1G otni26, Shei sesOictuc’ pe2Bal cond Zia, 10:9 .9 +3 oo; O59); 12,09, Field work in 1943 showed only males were present on June 3 and the early afternoon of June 4: by 6:00 p. m., June 4, the first females had appeared. Males still predominated on June 5. However, on June 9 the ratio favored the females by 15 to one, and on June 13 it had become 35 toone. From June 15 to 19, no males were found, whereas females numbering 82, 60, 62, 50 and 38 were present on the five successive days of that period. Excepting one present on June 24, males were not seen again on this rugosa planting in 1943, Likewise in 1944, all the adults found May 26 on rugosa and virginiana, the two roses most favorable to the chalcid, were males. Stillon May 28 only males had appeared. ‘Two females were seen on May 29; and on May 30, the ratio of males to females was 34 to one, and males still predominated on June 6. But by June 10, the females exceeded the males 6 to 1 on virginiana, while no males remained on rugosa. On June 16 and 17, males ceased to occur on both these hosts, also on eglanteria. A few persisted until June 23 on palustris, the late- blooming, small-seeded rose. Accordingly the first males appear one to three days before the first females. The emergence records from caged hips ‘ndicate the sexes coexist throughout life, but the males attain peak numbers in the first and second days, and diminish sharply in the next few days, while the females are few at the beginning of the emergence period and build up in the following five days. After this time adults of both sexes continue to issue but in small and diminishing numbers. Sex Ratio. Data pertaining to the relative numbers of males and females in migrovariegatus were obtained by dissecting achenes during the pupal period, when females are recognizable by the dorsally-carried ovipositor; also by rearing adults from hips before the normal time for emergence. Of 776 individuals secured in these ways, 369 or 47.53% were males, and 407 or 52.47% females. Mating. ‘The behavior of the emerged male adults was ob- served in three years and invariably proved to follow a single pattern. So long as even a single female, or perhaps male, inhabits such hips, the emerged males attend individual hips in numbers varying from one to 15 at a time. Their activities are various. ‘They rest quietly on the old hip, run excitedly over it and the adjacent branches and leaves, make short quick flights here and yon but return again, and commonly one or more pursue others as if patrolling the environs to drive them away and, in doing so, may elevate and lower their wings in the 2 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 7, OCT., 1945 manner of resting butterflies. ‘The mating impulse appears to be strong at this time, for the eager males pursue newly issued males as well as females; but having advanced from behind over the dorsum and bitten the head of such newly issued indi- viduals, the pursuer obviously recognizes his error, for he retires at once. That coition between the waiting males and the newly emerging females takes place on or very near the old hip is indicated by several observations. The males concentrate on certain old hips while disregarding entirely others already com- pletely evacuated. Sometimes much of the male population of a bush was concentrated upon one or several hips, whereas none frequented dozens of others within a radius of about a yard. I observed the outcome of such congregations in two cases. On May 30, 1944, 12 males hovered about one old hip. One adult female came from it within the next hour. Dissection of the contained 49 achenes showed this adult to be the last chalcid jn the hip. She proved to be the sole attraction of the 12 males. Again, on June 3, 1944, I witnessed 15 males gathered around one old hip. Within three minutes after I picked the hip for examination, three females emerged from it. As a fourth came out soon thereafter, I maneuvered one of the remaining males onto the hip, and coition followed at once. The fifth female issued 75 minutes later. This proved to be the last chalcid in the hip. The almost simultaneous emergence of the first four females in the latter instance shows they had almost completed the exits at the time I picked the hip. It is therefore probable their heads were already partly exposed to the outside. It is possible the males recognized the presence of their prospective mates by sight of the heads, by tapping the heads with their antennae, or by vibrations set up by the female jaws chewing on the hip. In the precopulatory phase of mating, the male crawls upon the back of the female, usually advancing from behind, and vigorously vibrates his abdomen and antennae dorso-ventrally. If the female attempts to crawl forward, the male advances on her back and taps the vertex of her head with his own and thereby brings her to a stop again. From this dorsal position the male steps backward and directs his abdomen ventrad along the abdomen of the mate and finally recurves its tip dorsad to reach the genital aperture at the base of the Ovipositor. Not only the larger individuals, but the small ones that developed in the normally small achenes of R. palustris were seen to mate. However, it seems probable that some adults from the latter source are so impoverished that the urge to mate may be lacking. The repeatedly observed segregation of the males and the females suggests any one female is inseminated only once. Not PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 7, OCT., 1945 193 only do the males confine themselves quite definitely to the old hips, but the females restrict their movements equally to the new hips into which they lay their eggs. ‘Thus the two sexes seem to intermingle only at the moment the females issue from the old hips that are the focal points of the males. I have not seen any behavior to date that indicates males seek the females after the latter have left the hips in which they developed. Migration, or Change of Hosts. The type of migration con- cerned here is characterised by a fairly sudden and complete disappearance of adult females from a species of rose on which they had been common, to a contiguous rose on which they had not previously occurred or were few. ‘Two instances of this kind were discovered in 1944. In one case, the movement proceeded from R. rugosa,—one of the favorable host species, to eglanteria, a secondary host; in the other, from R. virginiana to palustris, a late-blooming species. J can only surmise that maturing hips, hardened to the extent that the hypanthium and achenes had become impenetrable to the ovipositor, stimu- lated these changes of hosts. But the two cases presumably differed in regard to the fate of the chalcids; the hips of eglanteria were largely past the optimum state for oviposition and the chalcids remained here only a few days, whereas the hips of the late-blooming palustris were still coming into the optimum state at the time, hence the migrated ovipositing chalcids persisted a relatively long time on this rose. Oviposition. Oviposition follows soon after emergence from the old hips and insemination. In 1943, egg-laying was observed on June 4, the day the first females were found, but in 1944, an interval of five days transpired between these two events of May 29 and June 3. The effect of late-blooming hosts on the time of oviposition is indicated by the fact that it was first observed on palustris on June 16, 1944. Some of the females on this host had come from the intermingling virginiana; the large size of the females indicated this: while others origi- nated in hips of palustris, as was indicated by the very small size of the adults. ‘The contiguity of two host species character- ised by successive blooming times seems to enable the females to express their reproductive capacity to a larger degree than a single host, unless its blooming period is extremely protracted, as in the case of rugosa. The activity of oviposition terminated about July 21 to 23 in 1943 and June 17 to 24 in 1944. Hence eggs are known to have been laid during a period of at least 17 to 19 days in the first year, and 15 to 20 days in the second year. The discovery of four dead females on July 7 and one on July 14, 1944, with the ovipositors inserted in the hypanthia of palustris indicates the chalcid persists in reproduction to the very end of its life. Oviposition is in progress when the hypanthium and pericarps 194 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 7, OCT., 1945 are still soft and the seeds remain in a semiliquid pulpy state. The position of eggs and larvae in the first instar show the ovi- positor penetrates to the tests of the seed or to the outer.end of the seed itself to deliver the egg.. In an estimated 95 percent of the inhabited achenes dissected, the ovipositor entered fruits that iay contiguous with the inner surface of the hypanthium, piercing the outer and usually broadly-rounded face. ‘The remaining eggs were inserted in the more or less ovate form of achene that lies in the central portion of the hip, indicating the ovipositor cannot reach them excepting in the case of hips of small diameter. In other words, the ovipositor appears to bore mostly only through the hypanthium of the hip and the cortex of the achene to place the egg in the seed substance. The performance of ovipositional movements does not invariably signify development of progeny. On July 4, 1944, I observed a female engaged in the movements of egg-laying. ‘The hip in- volved proved to contain only undeveloped achenes. Accord- ingly, larval survival was impossible even panes eggs may be presumed to have been laid. When ovipositing, the female stands at some point of the exposed equatorial zone of the hip, with legs spread to hold her to the surface. The abdomen is then raised sharply, the long sheath and the contained ovipositor are brought ventro-cephalad from their dorso-caudal resting position until they stand per- pendicular to the hip and their tips contact the surface. The sheath is released, presumably when the ovipositor has super- ficially pierced the hypanthium, and flips backward to rest ina caudo-ventral position during the remainder of the ovipositional process. ‘The ovipositor then drills into the hip by a series of alternating thrusts and partial withdrawals aided by a pulsating downward pressure of the abdomen. In some cases the ovi- positor sinks into the hip to its base. ‘The work of inserting this instrument required from 80 seconds to 9 minutes. A short period of quiet followed the insertion during which the egg is presumed to pass into the seed. The ovipositor is withdrawn in one quick steady pull and at once snaps back into the sheath which then resumes the original resting posture. The entire process of oviposition required from 100 seconds to about 10 minutes in a number of cases observed. Both incidental and thrice daily counts on well populated plantings of R. rugosa showed that oviposition, also locomotor activities, are certainly influenced by atmospheric temperatures. Examples follow. On June 17, 1943, 60 females were counted in the morning while the rose was shaded, but only 43 in the warmth of early afternoon, and 62 when evening shades again cooled the spot. Likewise the counts were 50, 20, and 41 on the 18th, and 18, 5, and 13 on the 20th. In the morning and PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 7, OCT., 1945 195 evening the chalcids moved about in full view on the new hips or leaves close by, and a number invariably worked at oviposi- tion, whereas in midday they had resorted to the underside of leaves, and eggs were being laid only by such individuals as dwelt in shade. ‘The extent of the activities varied from day to day with the degree of heat prevailing at the time. Larval Life. Of several thousand inhabited achenes dis- sected, none contained more than one larva of nigrovariegatus. The young larva is conical in form and lies in the outer end of the seed, either in the testa or in the cotyledons. As it grows, it becomes hymenopteriform and eats out an increasingly larger cavity in the soft seed, eventually ingesting both testa and cotyledons, excepting small particles that are dry and brown at the time the larva is almost mature. ‘These particles then lie scattered throughout the seed cavity and over the body of the insect. Subsequently the larva, probably incidental to its writhing movements, pushes this frass to the caudal and cephalic ends of the seed cavity, where it becomes compacted to form two brown concave caps shaped to the ends of the body and the seed cavity. Submature and mature larvae are distinguishable by their general appearance. In the former, the alimentary canal is filled with dark reddish to purple food and fecal matter, hence distends to occupy most of the body cavity, giving the larva a dark color. Moreover, the larva is now plump and fills the seed cavity snugly. By contrast, the mature larva has a com- paratively feduced volume of material in the tract, a whiter color and a somewhat shrunken body that fills the seed cavity loosely. But while most of the dark matter had disappeared from the tract when the larva seems to have attained maturity, the process of reducing the alimentary substance to its smallest size still goes on in mid-October at least, when the purplish black matter is still thick soupy. By April, 7. e. shortly before pupation, only a cluster of small black solidifying fecal pellets remain in the tract. With this exception, the body is now white. These observations on the superficial changes in color and content of the maturing larva doubtlessly have a deeper physio- logical significance. The purplish distended condition of the tract in the submature larva suggests the process of ingestion is rapid and short, while the process of digestion and assimilation is slow and continued through several months after the body has attained its maximum size. ‘The progressive shrinkage in bodily volume during this period of gradual maturing seems to be due to the depletion of the food bulk by assimilation and the concurrent evaporation of moisture through the cuticle and the respiratory system. 196 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 7, OCT., 1945 That embryonic development and hatching follow oviposition at once is known from the occurrence of first instar larvae in mid-June, 1. ¢. 11 to 12 days after the first.eggs were laid. Dissections of achenes from R. rugosa at intervals during June and July provided a chronological picture of larval development. The records for 1943 and 1944 were very similar in respect to the time and rate of growth. In mid-June, the larvae in the oldest hips of the season were still conical and about 0.4 mm. long. All lay within the end of the seed nearest to the periphery of the hip. On June 30, the larvae varied from conical and 0.7 mm. long to hymenopteri- form and 1.7 mm. long, the mature larvae of the species ranging from 2.0 to 2.5 mm. in length. ‘This extreme variation in size and type on the latter date probably coincides with the fact that oviposition continues over two weeks or more. By July 7 the larvae had advanced either to the reddish-purple color phase indicative of submaturity, while a few appeared to have become mature. The seeds were still fairly fluid and pulpy, that is, apparently favorable to ingestion. A week later, the achenes contained larvae of mature size, but the alimentary substance had not yet been entirely assimilated and extremely con- tracted to the axis of the body. The over-all development from hatching to approximate maturity therefore required from mid-June to late July in these years. From the latter part of July until late April or early May of the ensuing year, a period of approximately nine months, the mature or maturing larvae lie dormant-in the seed cavity of the achene in the hips attached to the stems of the host rose. A second generation does not develop in the latter half of the summer, unless a very small partial second may be produced by adults that may develop from such pupae as were observed to occur off-season in July, 1944. However, it is doubtful whether rose seeds are suitable for larval feeding in late July and August. Larval Population. Table 1 gives data on the extent to which M. nigrovariegatus utilises the several rose hosts investigated. The data were secured by dissecting all the developed achenes in the sample hips taken. Since other species of chalcids may inhabit rose seeds, there is a possible but minor and negligible error in the numbers given, but my rearings of adults show that more than 99% of the larvae present are nigrovariegatus. An alternate method, in which I counted the exit holes made by the emerging adults in the achenes and hypanthium, proved to be unreliable for the reason that a considerable number of larvae, pupae or adults died within the seed cavity, hence made no exit holes. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 7, OCT., 1945 197 TABLE 1.—POPULATIONS OF MEGASTIGMUS IN ROSES Number of Number of Percentage Species of rose Hips Suitable Megastigmus of Achenes Examined Achenes Present Populated R. virginiana........-. 13 306 208 67.96 Rav PGluesttts: . .tseas en 30 608 350 57.54 Retro sary cara gee alee 63 3957 2124 53.67 R. near virginiana...... 9 56 30 53n55 R. spinosissima......-. 2 24 4 16.67 R: acicularis........:.- ) 125 19 15.20 IREGALOLNIG sere ey ee DY 505 +t 8.71 R. eglanterta.....2.+-+.- 14 165 10 6.06 RaW gOnts s15 ies. He 10 145 0 0.00 IRS CONING Aa alert 9 124 0 0.00 Re SAHGEnG st. 21 - rita 10 17 0 0.00 R. multiflora........-- 20 32 0 0.00 In calculating percentage, two classes of achenes were cast out: First, those which had not developed, through failure of pollination, or some embryonic mishap, and second, such as had attained more or less mature size but contained seeds so im- mature or shrunken that larvae had no chance to develop even though eggs may have been laid. Again a varying yet con- siderable number of achenes and seeds, and doubtlessly also larvae of the chalcid, were consumed by the feeding of the adult and larva of the rose snout beetle, Rhynchites bicolor Fabr. All such chewed achenes were included in the base figure even though this decision prejudiced the percentages against the chalcid. Such injury was more or less extensive in the hips of R. rugosa, but negligible in the other host species. Enemies of Megastigmus. A second instar nymph of the reduviid bug, Sinea diadema (Fabr.) was seen on May 29, 1944, holding an adult male Megastigmus with the grasping fore legs. Several other nymphs of this species occurred on the same rose on June 3. A number of achenes of R. rugosa containing larvae of Megastigmus were found to have holes gnawed more or less through the pericarps by the grubs of the rose snout beetle. The grubs would obviously soon have penetrated the pericarps and then very probably have destroyed the chalcid larvae. It is likely that this grub incidentally kills and possibly ingests a considerable number of the growing and mature larvae of Megastigmus. This belief is based on several facts: First, the larval development of the two species is largely concurrent; second, the larvae of Rhynchites infest a good number of the hips in some years, particularly those of R. rugosa; third, 53.67 percent of the achenes of this species dissected contained larvae of Megastigmus and fourth, observations to date show a 198 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 7, OCT., 1945 single grub of Rhynchites pulverizes or ingests 7 to 10 achenes in the course of its growth. The larvae of Megastigmus may also be killed by a species of mold. For example, all the 44 larvae found in one hip of rugosa on December 9, 1942, and 51 percent of those from another dissected the next day were dead and dried. ‘The core of fecal matter remained, the segmentation was exaggerated by a slight inflation of the body, and a pinkish mold lightly covered the entire surface of the body. Also-several lesser instances of this disease were noticed in the same reason. Two conditions may exist in the hips of roses that do not con- stitute positive aggressive enemies yet adversely affect the population of the rose seed chalcid. In the first condition, the hips, achenes and seeds remain in the incipient state existing at flowering; this state seems largely to prohibit oviposition, for only once did I observe a female that had the ovipositor inserted ina hip of this type. Such incipient seeds appeared particularly on R. rugosa in 1944, and occurred in no less than 90 percent of the hips. Accordingly Megastigmus had only about one tenth the maximum possibilities for establishing its progeny in this host. The population of 1945 will, therefore, be unusually small on rugosa. In the second condition, the seeds advanced to various states of development but dried and shrivelled before they became mature. ‘The nutritional content of the large majority is conse- quently inadequate to enable the chalcid larvae to develop. Particularly rugosa, virginiana and palustris suffered this con- dition, which affected from 25% to 80% of the seeds. Failure of roses to produce seeds was therefore much more detrimental to the seed chalcid than diseases and entomophagous insects. LITERATURE CIFED Asumeap, W. H., 1890, On the Hymenoptera of Colorado, Colorado Biol. - Association, Bul. 1:26. CockereELL, T. D. A., 1894, Entomological observations in 1894, New Mexico Agr. Exp. Sta., Bul. 15:69. Crossy, C. R., 1909, On certain seed-infesting chalcis-flies, Cornell University Agr. Exp. Sta., Bul. 265: 367-388, figs. Crossy, C. R., 1913, A revision of the North American species of Megastigmus Dalman, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 6: 155-170. Gauay, A. B., 1922, A list of phytophagous Chalcidoidea with descriptions of two new species. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash, 24: 33-58. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 7, OCT., 1945 199 THE OCCURRENCE OF CULEX (MELANOCONION) ELEVATOR DYAR AND KNAB IN FLORIDA, WITH KEYS TO THE MELANOCONIONS OF THE UNITED STATES (Diptera, Culicidae) By Wixuis W. WirtH Passed Assistant Sanitarian (R), U. S. Public Health Service INTRODUCTION Matheson (1944) lists five species of the subgenus Melano- conion occurring in America north of Mexico: Culex erraticus (D. & K.), C. peceator D. & K., C. pilosus (D. & K.), C. abomina- tor D. & K., and C. atratus Theob. | Of these species, C. erraticus ‘s the most common Melanoconion in the Southern States, occurring as far north and west as Nebraska and Iowa. C. peccator and C. pilosus, though less common, have been reported from throughout the Southeastern States. C. abominator, recognized as distinct from erraticus by King and Bradley (1937), has been recorded only from Texas, where the larva was recently described by Eads (1943). C. atratus has been reported by Roth and Young (1944) from Boca Chica Key, Florida. A sixth recorded species of Melanoconion, C. anips Dyar, has been taken only once, in 1916, at San Diego, California by Dyar who described it from males and females reared from pupae. An intensive search by Freeborn (1926) in 1918 at the type lo- cality for additional materia! was unsuccessful. A study of the male genitalia of the type of anzps in the U.S. National Museum by the writer shows it to be distinct from peccator and abomina- tor, to which it is most closely related, by the characters of the male genitalia aptly used by King and Bradley (1937) in their synoptic table. ‘These characters are included in the key to the males in this paper. As stated above, Roth and Young recorded a male of C. atratus taken in a light trap in December, 19453, at Boca Chica Key, near Key West, Florida. The writer has examined three larvae of this species from a lot collected on Elliot’s Key, Dade County, Florida, on January 14, 1943, by L. T. Woosley, F. H. Stutz, and J. G. Kennedy. The larvae were taken from an abandoned fish pool in the garden of an estate at about the center of the Key, and were associated with larvae of Culex bahamensis D. & K. One larva from this collection has been deposited in the U. S. National Museum. Its identity has been verified by Dr. Alan Stone. On September 22, 1944, D. G. Denning and the writer col- lected larvae and pupae of Culex opisthopus Komp from crab holes at Fort Lauderdale, Florida, from which adult males and females. were reared... A detailed report ,of this collection together with the description of the larva is being prepared in a separate paper by H. D. Pratt, D. G. Denning, and the writer. 200 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 7, OCT., 1945 CULEX ELEVATOR D. & K. 1n FLoripa The first known record of the occurrence of C. elevator D. & K. in the United States was made by the writer based on collections on Key Largo, Florida, on April 23 and 28, 1944. Five larvae and four pupae were taken from a brackish pot hole in the rocks in the longitudinal center of the Key, on high ground (el. 3-5 ft.) but adjacent to an arm of the mangrove swamp extending from Card Sound. ‘The pool was about 10 by 15 feet in size with a water depth up to 18 inches. ‘The sides of the pool were odlitic limestone but the bottom was of rich, black muck. The dense thorny, shrubby, hammock vegetation characteristic of the “‘upper” Florida Keys provided dense shade. A small number of Aedes taeniorhynchus (Wied.), Culex baha- mensis D. & K., and Deinocerites cancer Theob. larvae were also taken from this pool in the April collections. In an attempt to find more material of elevator, regular trips were made to this location, and a search was made for similar pot holes on Key Largo. Due to the dry season no other breed- ing places were found, although dozens of dry pot holes were seen. It was discovered during these trips that the water level in the pool where the elevator larvae were found remained fairly constant, but fluctuated several inches from month to month corresponding to the monthly high and low tides. The salinity also varied slightly with the tidal fluctuation; at the time the larvae were collected in April the chloride content measured 8,150 parts per million, about half as concentrated as in sea water. C. elevator was not collected again until July 23, 1944, when ten additional larvae and pupae were taken in the pool where they were first discovered. Associated with them at this time were hundreds of small C. bahamensis larvae and also a small number of larvae of Anopheles atropos D. & K. Regular visits to this location were continued until October, 1944, but no further mosquito breeding was observed. -No adults of elevator were collected in the field. From the April and July collec- tions a total of seven female and three male e/evator adults were reared. Adults and associated larval skins are in the collec- tions of the U. S. National Museum and of the writer. Keys to THE MELANOCONIONS OF THE UNITED STATES The eight Melanoconions known to occur in the continental United States are included in the keys given in Dyar’s ““Mosqui- toes of the Americas” (1928). The characters given for separa- tion have proved somewhat difficult to use, however, and later workers in this group, notably King and Bradley (1937), Roth (1943), Roth and Young (1944), and Matheson (1944) have contributed greatly to the selection and use of improved diag- PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 7, OCT., 1945 201 nostic characters. Since Dyar’s keys include many species from outside the United States, and the latter authors treated at the most five of the eight species at one time, it is believed that new keys to include all the known United States species will prove very useful to the many workers in this country. It is likely that with the increased collecting of mosquitoes during the current war period together with careful identification of larvae and males, the rarer species of this group may be found to be much more widely distributed and of commoner occurrence. Adults of the subgenus Melanoconion may be separated from other United States Culex (subgenera Culex and Neoculex) by the following characters: 1) wings with the outstanding scales broadened, especially on the branches of veins 2 and 4; 2) some broad, appressed, flat scales on the occiput; the male genitalia with 3) sub-apical lobe of basistyle divided, generally into two distinct parts; and 4) tenth sternites with a row of blunt spines at the tip, forming a transverse comb. The larvae of C. (Melanoconion) species usually have the lower head hairs single and pecten spines with a fine lateral fringe, while C. (Culex) larvae have lower head hairs at least triple, and C. (Neoculex) apicalis Adams has pecten spines with coarse lateral teeth. Edwards (1932) places C. pilosus in the subgenus Mochlostyrax on the basis of larval characters, but following Matheson (1944) and King, Bradley, and McNeel (1944), this species is here treated as a Melanoconion, since the characters separating the two subgenera do not seem very definite. It is assumed that before using the keys the user will have become familiar with the morphological terminology involved; for reference Matheson’s ‘“‘Handbook of Mosquitoes” (1944) is suggested. In the characters of the male genitalia the writer prefers to follow Freeborn (1924), rather than Dyar or Mathe- son, in using the terms basistyle for sidepiece, dististyle for clasper, and phallosome for mesosome, in order to promote the more correct morphological usage. As the terminal abdominal segments of the male undergo a 180° torsion shortly after emergence from the pupa, the ventral structures become ap- parently dorsal and vice versa. . In this paper the terms dorsal and ventral are used in their true morphological sense. In the selection and description of diagnostic characters the writer has drawn freely on the keys and descriptions of various authors. In preparing the keys, specimens of each species from the U. S. National Museum have been examined, through the courtesy of Dr. E. A. Chapin, Curator of Insects, and Dr. Alan Stone, in charge of Culicidae, at the Museum. 202 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 7, OCT., 1945 Key To Larva 1. Air tube long, at least 4:1; basal hair tufts arising beyond the pecten; headiwithout trachealeill iis, Gs..2ey: | coy is ote Sees scr cee eee Air tube short, about 3:1; two basal pairs of tufts arising within the pecten; a stalked ovoid tracheal gill at base of antennae. (Head hairs usually short, single, upper occasionally double; comb of 8 to 15 long pointed scales (Fig. 4) in a curved or irregular row; air tube curved, with about 8 pairs of very long ventral tufts, those decreasing in length apically, and 2 pairs of small sub-dorsal tufts; dorso-apical recurved hooks of air tube prominent; integument of thorax and anal segment sparsely spicular-pilose, abdomen glabrous; pecten tooth as in Fig. 9.) (Southeastern United States)..................05.. pilosus (D. & K.) 2. Comb of many (30 to 40) fine scales in a triangular patch; integument of thorax sparsely spicular-pilose or glabrous...................++45- Comb of about 20 large scales in an irregular single or double row; integu- ment of entire body densely spicular-pilose. (Lower head hairs long and single, upper half as long and multiple; comb scale with a long terminal spine and fringed only on basal half (Fig. 5); air tube about 5 or 6:1, with 5 or 6 pairs of long multiple ventral tufts, apical tufts progressively shorter, and 2 pairs of slight subdorsal tufts; pecten tooth as in Figure 8.) (Eastern United States)...... erraticus (D. & K.) 3. Air tube with basal tufts long (at least twice the width of air tube at point of insertion), rest progressively shorter..................-.+- Air tube with all tufts short (length about equal to width of air tube at point of insertion). (Lower head hairs long and single, upper generally 5-branched, one-half to three-fourths the length of the lower hairs; individual comb scale long, apical one-fourth broadly expanded and evenly fringed at tip (Fig. 1); air tube generally 10:1, with 4 pairs of short 2- to 4-branched ventral tufts and 1 pair of slight apical sub- dorsal tufts; single pecten tooth with blunt basal spine as well as fringe extending to tip (Fig. 11); integument of thorax and anal segment sparsely spicular, abdomen glabrous.) (Fort Lauderdale, Florida). . opisthopus Komp 4, Individual comb scale long and narrow, free portion at least as long as basen Bigss 2058 Meets: qecta tek e er ack) satay. See yee Individual comb scale short, broad, free portion less than half as long as base, and evenly fringed with long hairs (Fig. 6). (Lower head hairs long and single, upper half as long and single or double, rarely triple; air tube about 4 or 5:1, with 5 pairs of long multiple ventral tufts and 2 pairs of slight subdorsal tufts; pecten tooth as in Fig. 8; integument of thorax and abdomen sparsely spicular-pilose, anal segment spicu- late, especially dorso-apically.) (Texas).......... abominator D. & K. 5. Sclerotic plate of anal segment with scattered fine spinules dorso-apically; hair tufts of air tube long, basal tuft 2 to 3 times the width of tube at POMC OR MNSeHEON ss eye to cee et ear ceeee na ayAe ae ee e Sclerotic plate of anal segment with a group of blunt heavy spines at extreme dorso-apex; hair tufts of air tube short, basal tuft twice the Loe) PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 7, OCT., 1945 203 width of tube at point of insertion or less. (Lower head hairs long and single, upper multiple and about one-fourth to one-third as long; indi- vidual comb scale long, gradually expanded, evenly fringed on apex (Fig. 3); air tube 8 to 10:1, with 4 pairs of short 3- to 6-branched ventral tufts and 2 or 3 pairs of minute subdorsal tufts; pecten tooth as in Fig. 10; integument of thorax finely spicular-pilose, abdomen less s0.)- Ciloridawiceys) nereeries renee hee ee is DLS BAG Sh atratus Theob. 6. Upper head hairs 2- to 5-branched, one-fourth to one-half as long as lower head hairs; comb scale heavily fringed from base to apex (iigs7): (Lower head hairs single, air tube 4 to 7:1, with 5 pairs of long multiple ventral tufts and 2 pairs of slight subdorsal tufts, often with a wide dark-pigmented band at about half the length; pecten tooth as in Fig. 10; integument of thorax and abdomen sparsely spicular.) (South- CAS terme WMieGno tates) ame mrrsn eee t. 2 Seer ete peccator D. & K. Upper head hairs single or double, one-half to three-fourths as long as lower head hairs; comb scale long and gradually expanded with heavy fringe apically, only slightly fringed at base (Fig. 2). (Lower head hairs long and single; air tube 6 to 8:1, with 5 pairs of long multiple ven- tral tufts and 2 pairs of slight subdorsal tufts; pecten tooth as in Fig. 10; integument of thorax and abdomen sparsely spicular.) (Key Warcomiloridayl: sete tes tsk Aen sa oh Fe celal th hao es eee elevator D. & K. The larva of C’. anips Dyar is unknown. Key to Mate GEnITaLia 1. Dististyle with apical half enlarged, snout-shaped, or otherwise modified GiigsmlS tGMIS—27) Ms © eS. temas reese tees tre Smell Ye) 2 Dististyle simple, tapering from base, the apical half not enlarged or otherwise modified (Fig. 17). (Basal division of subapical lobe col- umnar with a short apical rod-like filament and a small weak filament from a tubercle near the base; apical division partially fused to basi- style and curved from base of basal division, bearing a broad-ribbed leaf, a rod, and 2 spines; 2 to 4 flattened setae arise from dististyle between basal and distal divisions; dististyle slender, uniform except base slightly enlarged, with subterminal appendage small and clavate; lobe of ninth tergite broad at base with an elongate tip curved out- wardly, base with 10 to 12 long barbed hairs (Fig. 30); inner plate of phallosome a stout curved simple blade, with long basal hook.) (Blonidalexs)) ose eee na a eee ee Lene) Te atratus 'Theob. 2. Apical division of subapical lobe of basistyle with a distinct broad leaf.. 3 Apical division of subapical lobe without expanded leaflet............. 6 3. Dististyle with apical half abruptly and angularly expanded, bearing prominent processes and a very prominent crest in addition to sub- terminaltappendagen(Mips:6y.18s 19). tts he te aes 4 Dististyle with apical half snout-shaped but not abruptly and angularly expanded, bearing only a slight outer crest, a small terminal claw, and a small subterminal appendage (Fig. 20). (Basal division of subapical lobe with two arms subequal, each bearing a long crooked, capitate 204 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 7, OCT., 1945 filament; apical division with a broad irregular fan-shaped leaf, a long flattened hook-tipped filament, and 4 or 5 smaller filaments; lobes of ninth tergite oblong, prominent, covered with numerous long hairs (Fig. 23); inner plate of phallosome irregular, with a long basal hook, 2 sharp distal teeth, and a blunt lateraltooth.) (Eastern United States) erraticus (D. & K.) 4. Basistyle with a long dense patch of fine hairs on inner (dorsal) surface; anterior crest of dististyle without a prominent solid fused horn (Figs. 18, 19); subterminal appendage of gorenne short, not reaching tip of ferminal clay (Bios: RSs 9) SMe eae tG tee eee eee Cee 5 Basistyle with only a few long scattered hairs on inner surface; anterior crest of dististyle with a prominent solid fused horn (Fig. 16); subtermi- nal appendage of dististyle long, extending beyond tip of terminal claw (Fig. 16). (Basal division of subapical lobe bearing a stout hooked filament from a long arm and a slender capitate filament froma tubercle near the base; apical division with a distorted irregular fan-shaped leaf, 2 short flattened spinose filaments, a fine seta, and a long recurved filament with a narrow attached membrane; apex of dististyle below the appendage forming an obtuse angle; lobes of ninth tergite extended triangularly, with a prominent inner basal patch of fine hairs and one long hair at apex (Fig. 29); inner plate of phallosome long and narrow, terminating in 2 stout curved teeth, one apical, the other one-fourth way fromapex:) (Wexas) tates, a5-02 oe abominator D. & K. 5. Apex of dististyle below the claw forming an acute point; basal portion of dististyle with a thorn-like point about midway of inner margin (Fig. 18). (Basal division of subapical lobe nearing a stout hooked filament from a long arm and a slender filament from a tubercle near the base; apical division with a very large fan-shaped leaf, a large hooked fila- ment, and 3 small filaments; anterior crest of dististyle consisting of a distal group of short appressed spines, scattered short appressed spines basad, with short fine hairs between, subterminal appendage setose (Fig. 18); lobes of ninth tergite set close together, triangular, with long fine hairs scattered along outer border and in a group at inner basal corner (Fig. 25); inner plate of phallosome long and narrow, with short curved basal hook, and terminating in 2 stout curved teeth). (Southeastern. United States)ia a. 2.0...0 30.204 sehen 2 8 peccator D. & K. Apex of dististyle below the claw broadly rounded; basal portion of disti- style without a thorn-like point, at most a rounded shoulder on inner margin (Fig. 19). (Basal division of subapical lobe unequally divided, with a short inner arm bearing a slender pointed filament arising at the basal third of the long outer limb which bears an expanded hooked fila- ment; apical division with a distorted irregular fan-shaped leaf, 3 irregularly-placed filaments and a short spine; anterior crest of disti- style consisting of a distal patch of short appressed spines and a basal patch of long fine hairs, subterminal appendage clavate (Fig. 19); lobes of ninth tergite irregularly ovate with about a dozen long hairs scat- tered over the rounded apex (Fig. 26); inner plate of phallosome long and narrow, terminating in two bluntly pointed, curved teeth (Fig. 14)>)) e(San\Diesow Calitonnia))a..<- sack peace ate anips Dyar PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 7, OCT., 1945 205 6. Basal division of subapical lobe not apparently divided, or if so, the cleft slightrand: the arme unequal imsizes +s. ia5) et EL / Basal division cleft to the basistyle so that the subapical lobe is dsoatahely in 3 divisions. (The arms of the basal division subequal in size, each with a single broad hook-tipped filament; apical division with a long hooked filament and several shorter filaments and small spines irregu- larly borne at apex; dististyle with a broad, abruptly tapering, cap-like expansion at the apex, bearing a row of fine setae on outer margin and a small subterminal appendage on inner angle (Fig. 22); lobes of ninth tergite fingerlike projections from the corners of a broad spicular plate which has a central ovate lacuna, | or 2 setae on each lobe and a few on posterior corners of plate (Fig. 28); inner plate of phallosome with a long curved basal hook, a sharp hooked ventro-lateral tooth and 1 long ventral and 2 short dorsal distal teeth). (Southeastern United States) pilosus (D. & K.) 7. Basal division of subapical lobe short and columnar, undivided, and bear- ing two sub-equal long crooked hook-tipped filaments apically, the inner filament markedly curved and flattened; apical division colum- nar with 4 to 6 filaments unequally inserted at apex; lobes of ninth tergite rugose and finger-shaped with ovate wrinkled tips bearing a few short hairs, these lobes about 4:1 and arising from sparsely setose connected triangular bases (Fig. 24). (Dististyle narrowly snout- shaped, slightly crested on outer margin, with a groove, terminal claw, and thickened subterminal appendage (Fig. 15); inner plate of phallo- some broad and evenly rounded distally, with a point at each angle, concave laterally, and with a long basal hook (Fig. 13).) (Fort IkaudendalewHlonda)me te een ee ee ee opisthopus Komp Basal division (Fig. 21) unequally divided, consisting of a very short inner arm sessile at the basal third of the long outer limb, each bear- ing a long crooked-tipped filament; apical division with an inner arm continuing the shaft bearing a long and a short filament, 1 or 2 large middle filaments approximated to an outer group of three bent, some- what flattened filaments; lobes of ninth tergite rather menbranous, irregularly elliptical, with long scattered hairs (Fig. 27). (Dististyle with a prominent snout, bearing a groove, a terminal claw, and thick- ened subterminal appendage (Tig. 21); inner plate of phallosome broadly rounded distally, the tip minutely serrate, a long lateral tooth about one-third way from tip, basal hook long and curled (Fig. 1D) aCevalarpo sm lorida) is mim esct steht esa Ne elevator D. & K. SUMMARY 1. Culex elevator D. & K. is reported for the first time in the United States from material collected by the writer in the summer of 1944 on Key Largo, Florida. A brief description of the habitat is given. 2— he finding of larvae of Culex atratus Theob. on Elliot’s Key, Florida, is reported. -'This constitutes the first United States breeding record for this species. 206 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 7, OCT., 1945 3. Eight species of Culex (Melanoconion) are now known from the United States: erraticus from the Eastern States, peccator and pilosus from the Southeastern States, abominator from Texas, anips from California, and atratus, opisthopus, and elevator from southern Florida. Keys are given to separate the males by genitalia and the larvae (except anips, larva unknown). ACKNOWLEDGMENT The writer wishes to thank Dr. Alan Stone, Division of Insect Identification, U. S$. Department of Agriculture, for his very helpful advice and assistance. Acknowledgment is also gratefully extended to Senior Entomologist (R) G. H. Bradley, U. S. Public Health Service, for many valuable criticisms and suggestions, and to the staff of the U. S. Quarantine Station, Miami Beach, Florida, for their interest in the field work. Mr. Fred H. Stutz and Mr. Joseph G. Kennedy of the Dade County Florida Anti-Mosquito District kindly loaned specimens of Culex atratus from Elliot’s Key and supplied the accompanying data. REFERENCES Dyar, H. G. 1928. “The Mosquitoes of the Americas.” Carnegie Inst., Wash. Pub. No. 387, 616 pp. Eaps, R. B. 1943. “The larva of Culex abominator Dyar and Knab”. Jour. ‘ Econ. Ent., 36:336-338. Epwarps, F. W. 1932. “Diptera, Fam. Culicidae”’. Jn Wytsman, P Genera Insectorum, fasc. 194. 258 pp. Bruxelles. Freeporn, S. B. 1924. “The terminal abdominal structures of male mos- quitoes”. Amer. Jour. Hyg., 4:188-212. 1926. ‘The Mosquitoes of California”. Univ. Calif. Pubs. Tech. Bull., Ent., 3:333-460. Kine, W. V., and Braptey, G. H. 1937. “Notes on Culex erraticus and related species in the United States”. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 30:345-357. Kine, W. V., Braptey, G. H., and McNeet, T. E. 1944. “Mosquitoes of the Southeastern States”. U.S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. No. 336, rev., 96 pp. Matueson, R. 1944. “Handbook of the Mosquitoes of North America”’. Second Edition. 314 pp., Comstock Publ. Co., Ithaca, INS Ye Pratt, H. D., Wirt, W. W., and Denninc, D. G. 1945. “The occurrence of Culex opisthopus Komp in Puerto Rico and Florida, with a description of the larva’. Manu- script. Rotn, L. M. 1943. ‘A key to the Culex (Diptera, Culicidae) of the South- eastern United States, by male genitalia”. Jour, Kans. Ent. Soc., 16:117-133. Rots, L. M., and Younc, F. N. 1944. “Culex (Melanoconion) atratus Theo- bald in Florida; a new continental North American Record, with notes on the other Melanoconions of the Southeastern United States”. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 37:84-88. Of) PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47 PLATE 18 mC 1 2 3 ll CAMA : LBZ 3 ~ o1 [207] PLATE 19 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47 | 208 ] PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47 PLATE 20 [ 209 J 210 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 7,,OCT., 1945 EXPLANATION OF FIGURES Figs. 1-7, Comb scale of larva (scale from center of posterior row figured): 1... opisthopus.~\2. \C. elevator. 3. G. atratus. ‘4. C: pilosus. SoG. erraticus. 6. C. abominator. 7. C. peccaior. Figs. 8-11, pecten tooth of larva (subapical tooth of pecten figured): 8. C. erra- ticus (C. abominator similar). 9. C. pilosus. 10. C. peccator (C. atratus, C. elevator similar). 11. C. opisthopus. Figs. 12-14, inner plate of phallosome, lateral aspect: 12. C. elevator. 13. C. opisthopus. 14. C. anips. Figs. 15-22, dististyle; Fig. 21 includes basistyle (lateral view of inner surface) to show condition of subapical lobe of C.-elevator; 15. C. opisthopus. 16. C. abominator. 17. C. atratus. 18. C. peccator. 19. C. anips. 20. C. er- raticus. 21. C, elevator. 22. C. pilosus. Figs. 23-30, lobes of ninth tergite, ventral view: 23. C. erraticus. 24. C. opisthopus. 25. C. peccator. 26. C. antps. 27. C. elevator. 28. C. pilosus. 29. C.abominator. 30. C. atratus. (Scale: In each figure the adjacent line equals .05 mm.) THE BIOMETRICS BULLETIN A new journal, the Biometrics Bulletin, is being launched this year by the American Statistical Association for its Bio- metrics Section. It is to appear six times a year, to contain a first 12 or 16 pages, and to include news, queries, abstracts, and a few short articles of general interest. Subscription is $3.00 (or $2.00 to Section members, who need not be members of the general association). Applications should be sent to the American Statistical Association, 1603 K St. N. W., Washington, D.C. The editorial staff is a strong one, and the quality of the first numbers is gratifying. It is hoped that entomologists and other workers in biology and agriculture, will support and use this little journal—F. M. Waptey, Statistical Consultant, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 7, OCT., 1945 204 A NEW BRACHYMETRA FROM PERU WITH A LIST OF KNOWN SPECIES (Hemiptera, Gerridae) By H. M. Harris and C. J. Drake The following described water strider brings the known num- ber of species of Brachymetra to six, B. vittata Shaw being referable to the genus Hobates Drake & Harris.’ The types of the new species are in the collection of the authors. Brachymetra mera, new species Brachypterous form: Elongate-ovate, brown, pale beneath, opaque, the middle and hind acetabula usually with silvery spot. Antennae dark fuscous, segments I and II slightly enlarged distally, the former pale beneath, its length subequal to width of head across eyes (92); proportions—I, 90; II, 45; III, 68; IV, 50. Eyes large, as viewed from above with about one-third of their total length projecting back behind base of head. Anterior legs moderately stout, dark fuscous, the femora within, and the coxae and trochanters yellowish, the femur as long as pronotum (170), the second tarsal segment nearly one-half longer than first. Middle and hind legs very long, slender, dark fuscous, paler beneath, the length of middle femora subequal to that of body, the posterior ones a little longer. Rostrum extending a little behind prosternum, yellowish brown, the last segment blackish. Venter plump, the last segment nearly twice as long as preceding. Head without markings, the vertex about one- fourth wider than the diameter of an eye. Pronotum long, the anterior lobe distinctly impressed on disc, the posterior lobe about three times as long as front lobe, broadly rounded behind (a little more sharply so in female). — First abdominal segment above with hind margin deeply, roundly emarginate. Con- nexiva wide, concolorous. Male with first genital segment above slightly emarginate at apex. Clasper moderately long and narrow, somewhat bowed within. Winged form. Hind triangular part of pronotum more obtusely narrowed and appearing shorter than in B. kleopatra Kirkaldy, its median length subequal to width across humeri, the apex obtuse, reaching posterior to hind margin of meso-acetabula. Hemelytra dark brown, longer than abdomen, the veins yellowish, the outer marginal nervure very broad, finely hairy. Length, 8.85 mm; width, 3.25 mm. Winged form nearly 10 mm. long. Holotype (male), allotype (female) and 1 paratype (all apter- ous), Maria, Peru, Sept. 16, 1944, taken by E. J. Hambleton; 4 winged paratypes, bearing same labels as type. Probably most nearly like B. kleopatra Kirkaldy but readily recognized by its larger size, darker color, obtuse apex of hind lobe of pronotum, and differently shaped clasper. This is the largest member of the genus. ’ Eobates vittata (Shaw) 1934 (=E. morrisoni D & H, 1934). 212 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 47, NO. 7, OCT., 1945 List or SPECIES Genus Brachymetra Mayr, 1865 1. albinerva (Amyot & Serville), 1843............. Panama; Brazil; Colombia; Venezuela; Peru; Central America; British West Indies Vary in¢gusa, Shaw MhO34. Hs. ae... Can i Re Re asthe te ee Bolivia; Brazil 2 anduzeer Drake & dlarniss 1942s) wehd. Se tAS ht SiS. thie eee Venezuela 3.. kleopatra Kirkaldyi 71899225. i500 sas WN delet. 2) Peru; Trinidad, B.W.1. Ae Mat avo laws LOSE ry,