9 Mw Cachet gat,
i, inline east ne hy
Ting Maen

Tat astattinringti te

She itetelo ten a
MyM aAag

Nath tae Be Mig Seat,

Se NA tr ihe el caren

A,
Mk

= Rare cere cero Aa taelty ORR
Phe N PM Te Nee A nite Mie hy Sy thaln Mea arash ve!
Fie Mag ON PO eae Neha toe

He tata it pce Be
Pee Weng AA NRW AEN oe gm yar

ates ie eaten
tone AY Rc hae My

Me Ac tae Mea Mw

‘aera

ey ea Ra eta A
at eh WN ate erin»

reaths ant rg 6

Se

My PR he “om Cee ae’ :
gs eg Nig te cee tg are Mg
Westen mtn te

Raita en Ne

seeps ee AN | ern A a eee, fs pact eee
= = = 4 ne

17 NOLLALILSNITNVINOSHLINS ~S31YVY G11 LIBRARIES~ SMITHSONIAN” INS
z= ee = — = & cy
z @ ce a
= ao » ce wo — ty oO
= 2 Ys = Pel = Cy 2
Ee 2 WN Es = = LE
ad a “A ~ wa — Lacaihe “of Pita —_.

1 LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S31H
Zz n EN ie 2) = w ft
< = < = : < = @
ra “ 4 Zz xX a 2 =
§ NXE 5 NA: s :
=i eS 1S) ba SQ YS Oo as [e)
= AA 2 E \v" 2 E 2/7
Ss “I ™T > = WN > = > i
” — ” eS ie 77) z 4

NOILALILSNI S3INYVYAIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTI
2 Z : Z 2 a ce
= = Pe 4 2 Why _
oc S oc = cc =
— wy — -_ oO
= z - =z a Z

7 LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI Sait
— = aa = ie za
w 2 “oo ° wo re)
~ es Be) = a =
> ‘ > ra > =

= Fy = E Ex =
- - = ao = ee
Mi = HH Z oO Wie=

y NOILALILSNI NVINOSHLINS S31YYYa!7 LIBRARIES, SMITHSONIAN INST
zs é g = \e = =
= yoo _ ; _ > aN SN = ==
i i = 3 fips ON 3 a.
as 2 ae: es r WS iG DX
2 = 2p = SX 2 =
> = > = > Ss
z w za w - =z wn

G \.
7 LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN __INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI

NOILNLILSNI
LIBRARIES
LIBRARIES

N_ NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S31Y¥vudIT LIBRARIES

4

INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI
INSTITUTION NOILOLILSNI
SaINVNGIT LIBRARIES

INSTITUTION

saiuvad!l
Ye

Salevadii

17 LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S31)

a 2) ”
< z < 2 Gain = =
Zz = = Gi =
(5 NSO G S 2 SEQ, 5 i.
2 VSN 8 2 3 fp be 2 $4
E WY sg = 2G f@ * 2/4
S S > = . >" = >
wo ae ” + oe —- wo =
RN NOMNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS SItHVa att LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INST
2 z bed ; s
ud welTuy ”n ~” ul Kat) wn DON us Yy,
oes 2 0, . Ze 6) ee) ~ ~ w a
> KAT A Sw FT EAT) 2 KAT) = Yin, Ss

NO ay Gy — NCA ES

OILALILSNI~ NVINOSHLINS SJINVUGIT LIBRARIES

>

aa |

x
SMITHSONIAN _INSTITU

LIB

INSTITUTION NOI

Saluvagl
7

INSTITUTION NOI:
\S
S3I1YVvygit

Sadluvyaii

IBRARIES, SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NVINOSHLINS SAIlYV

= Z z. ss &
3 8 Je ag
= = z zy” y.
. > = ‘ pn agl >
* Fuss w we 2 Fa
OILNLILSNI_ NVINOSHLIWS S3S'1YVYUEIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITU
Z if Z _ z
n” i 7) eM o
4 = 4 - =
ay fod pees
o i + < |
a a = = sj
ro) BN os ro) a ro)
= a z ey z
IBRARI Be NOONAN INSTR TION NOILALILSNI NVYINOSHLINS S3IYV?
5 fe S 2 S
= ea = wy -
= ae 5 a =)
Sa Ee ce E
se © E ne =
=f. 8 Z e ee
lOLTNLITSNT NVINOSHIIWS S32 lyvug rie BRARI ES SMITHSONIAN i
es SN) enti ae AS = <
z = ie 2 LA =| Zz
ro) ae BA re) N. * re 5S
Gig 2XNe 2 3
7 2
@ 3 B Mea ewe 5
IBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3IUYY:!

w = wo — w
ws ie uu S uw
oc. = oc a ox
x? a < = . x
oc S oe S Pe
= p o = 5 a
ang = ad z pe)
JOILNALILSNI NVINOSHLINS SSIYVYUSIT LIBRARIES
eye re SS = Ws
o = o = ee]
re) Ww = es) = a)
= YS WEE = = <>
A Y Ww re 0) re 0]
a SW 2 m o° i
W” cn 2 w z w
SMITHSONIAN

IBRARIES INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NWINOSHLIWNS SA1YUV

wo Ga ” = 22) i:
= =< = SYN g=s = Vd
x a fis Ve
= 2 \o i @?2 1 FY
uw ay LN . JE s fii D n :
Oo a 2’ TO (e) VF tr Oo ¢ y
Zz EROS 2a oe eS =
: A ee 3 :
—NVINOSHLINS | S3 IYVYdit LIBRARI ES SMITHSONIAN _INSTITU
= =z P Zz
<SuLy > » Las CULT S01 ul , aA
Ka 2 &. + CED 2 CGD " YH. Ken

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF

W ASHINGTON

Volume 73

OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1971

RRCSIAC TL emma err tile ras Piel ee A IE Ie ee Edson J. Hambleton
RBRESIUCIE= Ee Ct meee eee EN de Se See Curtis W. Sabrosky
TRA a VN SYST AIT pV elas Ee ele OE Sea ed Ne Ra EE ind Dewey M. Caron
Conmespmondiuie SCCTeCANGnt st 22 ose we David R. Smith
SR CESUUNC Tagen ae wre Fn PEN Be NI ee Theodore J. Spilman
iLO penne) eee SEATS APM 2 ob Rte od Paul M. Marsh
CSE OCEAN rater Wtahie sks SNE) Weg ay a RG» 2 Robert D. Gordon
ProgramiGommitiee Ghawman 222 ss ee F. Eugene Wood
Membership Committee Chairman __.....---.-— H. Ivan Rainwater
Delegate to the Washington Academy of Sciences Reece I. Sailer

PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY
WASHINGTON, D.C.
1971

TABLE OF CONTENTS, VOLUME 73

ANDERSON, D. M.—Oligocaricis Lea a synonym of Smicronyx Schoenherr
(Goleoptera:.4C@urculiomidacy) 522 eee eee ee eee
ANDERSON, D. M.—Observations on the larva of Hypera exima (LeConte )
(Coleoptera Curenlionidac), 22 == Ss ee eee
ARANDA C., B. R. and C. H. W. FLECHTMANN—A report on the Tetra-
nychidacxot Paraguay. (Acarina)))- <== ee ee eee
BICK, G. H. and J. C. BICK—Localization, behavior, and spacing of un-
paired males of the damselfly, Argia plana Calvert (Odonata: Coenagrion-
(Uy) i ete. A. ea ee ee ae ee eS ee
BICK, J. C.—see BICK, G. H.
BLAKE, D. H.—Fifteen new West Indian chrysomelid beetles
BLANCHARD, A.—Notes on three species of Heterocampa Doubleday with
description of a new species (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) —__________-
BLANCHARD, A.—A new species of the genus Ursia Barnes & McDunnough
Gi-epidoptera:. INotodontidae). 22. i a
BLANTON, F. S.—see WIRTH, W. W.
BURKS, B. D.—The Nearctic species of Horismenus Walker (Hymenoptera:
Hulopnidae)) «2! See. hee eh ae ee
BURKS, B. D.—A new Pediobius parasitic on a thrips (Hymenoptera:
nlophiGdae i) Ae ae ee oa 2 Be es ee ee ee
BURKS, B. D.—The name Tetrastichus incertus (Ratzeburg) as employed
for an introduced parasite of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal )
(Eiymenoptera:,E ulephidac)) =e ee ee
CAGAMPANG-RAMOS, A.—see DARSIE, R. F., Jr.
CORNELL, J. F.—New records of Staphylinidae from North Carolina
(Goleaptera’) 5 te sete eS cee ae ee
CRABILL, R. E., Jr.—A new Ballophilus from the Philippines (Chilopoda:
Geophilomorpha: Ballophilidae) = = ee eee
CROSSLEY, D. A., Jr.—see LINZEY, D. W.
DARSIE, R. F., Jr. and A. CAGAMPANG-RAMOS—A subspecies of Anoph-
eles new to the Philippine Islands (Diptera: Culicidae)
DeCOURSEY, R. M.—Keys to the families and subfamilies of the nymphs
of North, Amencan Hemiptera-Heteroptera) + = See
DONDERO, L. and F. R. SHAW—The overwintering of some muscoidean
Diptera in the Amherst area of Massachusetts = ee
EDMUNDS, G. F., Jr.—A new name for a subgeneric homonym in Ephem-
erella (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae) ___._--_----—--------------------------
EMERSON, K. C. and R. D. PRICE—A new species of Pelmatocerandra
from a diving petrel (Mallophaga: Philopteridae) ----.---_----_-
EMERSON, K. C. and R. D. PRICE—Three new species of Mallophaga
from Atmcan mammals (irichodectidae)
ENARI, L.—see LEONARD, M. D.
FISK, F. W.—An annotated check list of Costa Rican cockroaches ( Dictyop-
tera® -Blattaria)) ee eos Se ee
FLECHTMANN, C. H. W.—see ARANDA C.,, B. R.
FLINT, O. S., Jr.—see KNUTSON, L. V.

ii

63

LEP

29

146

FROESCHNER, R. C.—Nabis propinquus Reuter ranges southward into
Manylanda\(/emipteras: (Nabidae)) a2: <2 ee ee se
GAGNE, R. J.—Two new species of North American Neolasioptera from
Baccharis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae—Compositae) —
GAGNE, R. J.—Taxonomic notes on two racemicolous gall-makers on Sol-
idago spp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae—Compositae) —
GRABOWSKI, W. B.—A new genus of oribatid mite (Cryptostigmata:
@nibatellidge) Bete Ans | sweltenim Ae A ee) a Dl Pec ee Ee be
GRIGARICK, A. A.
GURNEY, A. B.—North American grasshoppers of the genus Argiacris, in-
cluding two new species from Idaho (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Catantop-
ITC) Me eeRR Ne be te! Ser kee ee eA 2 ee EN eS
HARDY, A. R. , H. F.
HERRING, J. L.—A new species of Rhinacloa from palo verde and ocotillo
in the western U. S. (Hemiptera: Miridae) 222
HORNING, D. S., Jr.—New hymenopteran enemies of Anthidiwm macu-
losum Cresson (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) _....--___-=_
HOWDEN, H. F.—Key to the New World Cremastocheilini, with notes and
description of a new genus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
HOWDEN, H. F. and A. R. HARDY—Generic placement and adult be-
havior of the genus Leptohoplia Saylor (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) —
HUANG, Y.-M.—A redescription of Aedes (Stegomyia) scutellaris ma-
layensis Colless and the differentiation of the larva from that of Aedes (S.)
albopictus) (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) == 2 ee Se
HULL, F. M.—A new genus and new species of bee flies (Diptera:
IFS Coax ny LTT Clea ey) ee ee See ne eee ne ee
JAMES, M. T.—Two new species of Phaenicia from the West Indies (Dip-
erence mmCrctl np yENORIGE AG) see cater ee OER OR en See ee
KNOWLTON, G. F.—see SMITH, C. F.
KNUTSON, L. V.—Trachysphyrus nigricornis (Brullé), prey of Araiopogon
gayi (Macquart) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae—Diptera: Asilidae) —_
KNUTSON, L. V. and O. S. FLINT, Jr.—Pupae of Empididae in pupal
cocoons of Rhyacophilidae and Glossosomatidae (Diptera—Trichoptera) _
KORMILEV, N. A.—Key to American species of the genus Mezira (Hemip-
tera ypATAGIGAG ip oak es SL ee ee
KORYTKOWSKI, C. A.—A new cecidogenous species of the genus Poly-
morphomyia Snow (Diptera: Tephritidae)
KRAMER, J. P.—North American deltocephaline leafhoppers of the genus
Amblysellus Sleesman (Homoptera: Cicadellidae)
KRAMER, J. P.—North American deltocephaline leafhoppers of the genus
Amplicephalus DeLong with a new genus and new generic combinations
(Homoptera Cicadellidae:)r2 a2 oean oe Ee es ee ok
KRAMER, J. P.—North American deltocephaline leafhoppers of the genus
Planicephalus with new generic segregates from Deltocephalus (Homop-
teraraCicade lid ae) nate ae ee eee Pee
KURCZEWSKI, F. E.—A new Rachoepher from Florida, with keys to the
males and females of the Florida species (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae:
IB Arr VE) ese Ant ok een ee Rg TE eR Sees I AS as [2 | 2

292.

255

LEONARD, M. D.—Records of aphids collected in Newfoundland (Homop-
tera: (Aphididae); aot upbis She a ied oa ee ee eed
LEONARD, M. D., H. G. WALKER and L. ENARI—Host plants of Aphis
gossypii at the Los Angeles State and County Arboretum, Arcadia, Cali-
forma: (Homoptera: eApmididac)) sae eek S Sale eae oe
LEONARD, M. D., H. G. WALKER and L. ENARI—Host plants of three
polyphagous and widely distributed aphids in the Los Angeles State and
County Arboretum, Arcadia, California (Homoptera: Aphididae) —
LEONARD, M. D., H. G. WALKER and L. ENARI—Host plants of Toxop-
tera aurantii at the Los Angeles State and County Arboretum, Arcadia,
Californias Homoptera: = Ap hididac)) 215 ke eae ee es Se ee
LINZEY, D. W. and D. A. CROSSLEY, Jr.—A new species of Laelaps from
the lemming mouse, Synaptomys cooperi (Acarina: Laelapidae)
MALDONADO-CAPRILES, J.—Platybasicornis ramosi, a new Neotropical
genus and species (Hemiptera: Miridae: Hyaliodini)
MALDONADO-CAPRILES, J.—About Idiocerinae leafhoppers: V. Balcano-
cerus, a new genus for Chunrocerus balcanicus Zakhvatkin, 1946 (Homop-
tera: Cicadellidae)),, <-4stc<0h<. oan Mat be) ene lA ede a et

MASON, W. R. M.—see PAYNE, J. A.

McFADDEN, M. W.—A note on the synonymy of Antissops denticulata
Hnderleint (@Dipteras.Stratiomyidae))) == 22s as Aa ee

McFADDEN, M. W.—Synonymies and combinations for Mexican soldier
flies Diptera: ’Stratiomyidae))) £4 ..t 222 ans ea oo)

MENDEZ, E.—A new species of the genus Cummingsia Ferris from the Re-
public of Colombia (Mallophaga: Trimenoponidae) —

MILLER, D. R.—A redescription of Tessarobelus guerini Montrousier ( Ho-
moptera:. Coccoideas, Margarodidae) <5... ee

OMAN, P.—The female of Thatuna gilletti Oman, with biological notes
(Homoptera Gicadellidae)) . ee os ee eee

O’NEILL, K.—Chthonothrips nigrocinctus Hood, lectotype designation and
description of male (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) —

PAYNE, J. A. and W. R. M. MASON—Hymenoptera associated with pig
(Pelt a0) a Vph See i DN Seea e218 yea 8 PS Re AS NS A

PRICE, D. W.—A new species of Pomerantzia Baker from California (Ac-
arinamPomerantziidae)) i taken ers eer a eee ee ee

PRICE, R. D.—see EMERSON, K. C.

PRINCIS, K.—see ROTH, L. M.

RAMAKRISHNAN, K.—see RAMALINGAM, S.

RAMALINGAM, S. and K. RAMAKRISHNAN—Redescription of Aedes
(Alanstonea) brevitibia (Edwards) from Brunei, Borneo (Diptera:
Gulicidae)) 8 ee Die a ieee i rk ee

RATANAWORABHAN, N. C.—see WIRTH, W. W.

ROTH, L. M. and K. PRINCIS—Pseudocalolampra, a new genus of cock-
roach: from Africa \(Dictyoptera:, Blaberidac)) = Sa eee

SCHABER, B. D. and F. E. WOOD—A new species of Dioryctria infesting
loblolly pine. ( Gepidoptera: Pyralidae)| 2 = = a ee eee

SCHOEPPNER, R. F.—see WHITSEL, R. H.

SCHUSTER, R. O. and A. A. GRIGARICK—Two new species of Echiniscus
from the Pacific Northwest (Tardigrada: Echiniscidae)

iv

168

411

231

329

215

SHAW, F. R.—see DONDERO, L.
SMITH, C. F.—The life cycle and redescription of Mordvilkoja vagabunda
(GHomopteraarApiigrade))- OSs eee eee Ae ee eee a ee
SMITH, C. F. and G. F. KNOWLTON—Pleotrichophorus tetradymiae, a
new species of aphid from Utah (Homoptera: Aphididae) —
SMITH, D. R.—The genus Zadiprion Rohwer (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae )
SMITH, D. R.—Some sawflies from Pakistan (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae,
seNTARe Cini Gace) meee. Sa te). ie ee ee ee BB
STAGE, G. I.—Family placement of the African genus Meganomia Cockerell
with a review of the included species (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) — ~~
STEFFAN, W. A.—North American Sciaridae, II. A new species of Eugno-
MISTE ETON AS IDI UGT A) 2 ase ee ee
STEYSKAL, G. C.—The species related to Minettia obscura (Loew), with
one new species and one new synonym (Diptera: Lauxaniidae) —__-
STEYSKAL, G. C.—The subgenus Tritolestes Ghesquiére of the genus Cryp-
tochetum Rondani with a new species from Pakistan (Diptera: Cryp-
EOC HELLA Cy ere eto i os SE Ro lS ee ee
STEYSKAL, G. C.—A note on Camptoprosopella equatorialis Shewell (Dip-
es Teeqie mn DEAL ATATTCH AG), 00 ee ess AO deat SES lias he aa re Oh re
STEYSKAL, G. C.—Spilochroa geminata Sabrosky a synonym of S. polita
C\alloch)i (Diptera: Wrixoscelididae)) 2 ee
STEYSKAL, G. C.—A new Central American species of Zacompsia Coquil-
lett, with a key to the described species (Diptera: Otitidae) —
STEYSKAL, G. C.—The genus Calobatina Enderlein (Diptera: Micropezi-
C3 yes)) > tee So aE ees Ree een ee Reels OSPR OND ame Mee yen, Peete) Sd
STEYSKAL, G. C.—Notes on the genera Homalomitra Borgmeier, Pycnopota
Bezzi, and Sphinctomyia Borgmeier (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) ——
STEYSKAL, G. C.—A note on the nominate character of Paracantha dentata
Wezel (Dipteras. Lhephittidae)) 2 5 eg ee eee
STEYSKAL, G. C.—Delphinia picta (Fabucuene in Central America (Dip-
(zeretior OIG HVE) at Re a a pra ee ain tree A Eel Ber Po res
STONE, A.—Corrections to Mosquito Catalog Supplements III and [TV —__
SUMMERS, F. M. and R. L. WITT—The gnathosoma of Cheyletus caca-
huamilpensis Baker (Acarina: Cheyletidae) —
THOMPSON, F. C.—Two new Oriental species of the genus Myolepta
Newman (Diptera: SSyrphidae)))\. a a ea
THOMPSON, P. H.—Tabanidae of Maryland, Addenda (Diptera) —
TOWNES, H.—The application of the name Neoplimpla (Hymenoptera:
RTT CTITO INL AC) eee nen at Ay oe Oa Rix Rees er Pek SENS
TRAVER, J. R.—Four new species of Neotropical Baetis (Ephemeroptera:
[Se yetr (cys) |Meat dS D8 Settles ae cs MON Be e eeeetN tas oe el eae OS
WALKER, H. G.—see LEONARD, M. D.
WARNER, R. E.—Polydrusus cervinus (L.), a European weevil discovered
in North America (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
WHEELER, G. C. and J. WHEELER—The larvae of the ant genus Both-
roponera \(Elymenoptera:. Formicidae) 2
WHEELER, J.—see WHEELER, G. C.
WHITE, R. E.—The status of Lasioderma castaneum Melsheimer and
Dorcatoma affinis Boheman (Coleoptera: Anobiidae) —

Vv

386

WHITE, R. E.—New generic synonymy and new combinations in Ano-
budaes (Coleoptera) ieisube ne ld oe SEE ae

WHITSEL, R. H. and R. F. SCHOEPPNER—Two mites and their insect
hosts from San Mateo County, California (Acarina: Scutacaridae, Uropodi-
dae) 8 = Oe 8 REA NIA de OS a BN set 3 ae 8

WIRTH, W. W. and F. S. BLANTON—New Neotropical sandflies of the
Culicoides debilipalpis group (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) —

WIRTH, W. W. and N. C. RATANAWORABHAN—Ceratoculicoides, a new
genus related to Ceratopogon Meigen (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae )

WITT, R. L.—see SUMMERS, F. M.

WOOD, F. E.—see SCHABER, B. D.

Vi

341

Vol. 73 MARCH 1971 No. 1

PROCEEDINGS

of the

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
of WASHINGTON

DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20560

PUBLISHED QUARTERLY

CONTENTS
ANDERSON, D. M.—Oligocaricis Lea a synonym of Smicronyx Schoenherr
(Goleapterss Curculionigae) _. er, 63
ARANDA C., B. R. and C. H. W. FLECHTMANN—A report on the
Metranychidae.of Paraguay (Acarina) 2.9 9) ee 29
BURKS, B. D.—The Nearctic species of Horismenus Walker (Hymenoptera:
ales ptr es) yess eee SA eee 68
CRABILL, R. E., Jr.—A new Ballophilus from the Philippines (Chilopoda:
Geopiilomorpha: Ballophilidae) 20. AY
DONDERO, L. and F. R. SHAW—The overwintering of some muscoidean
Diptera in the Amherst area of Massachusetts ——.._-________J____ 52
GRABOWSKI, W. B.—A new genus of oribatid mite (Cryptostigmata:
VON YEA TET 623) nt a ee aN nnes JRC Rt ee ke ORINDA! TT eh 44
HORNING, D. S., Jr.—New hymenopteran enemies of Anthidium macu-
losum Cresson (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) 43

HUANG, Y.-M.—A redescription of Aedes (Stegomyia) scutellaris ma-
layensis Colless and the differentiation of the larva from that of Aedes

(S:) valbopictus: (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) 2-2 ee eae 1
KRAMER, J. P.—North American deltocephaline leafhoppers of the genus
Amblysellus Sleesman (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) 83

LEONARD, M. D., H. G. WALKER and L. ENARI—Host plants of Aphis
gossypii at the Los Angeles State and County Arboretum, Arcadia, Cali-
formitae “llomoptera:, Aphididae) 24 283 ie eae ny a 9

(Continued on back cover)

a Bees
APR1 1971

Lipeagitd

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF WASHINGTON

ORGANIZED Marcu 12, 1884

OFFICERS FOR 1971

Epson J. HAMBLETON, President Paut M. Marsu, Editor
Curtis W. Saprosky, President-Elect Rosert D. Gorpnon, Custodian
Dewey M. Caron, Recording Secretary F. EuGENE Woop, Program Chairman
Davip R. Smiru, Corresponding Secretary H. Ivan RAINWATER, Membership Chairman
THEODORE J. SPILMAN, Treasurer REECE I. Sawer, Delegate, Wash. Acad. Sci.

All correspondence concerning Society business should be mailed
to the appropriate officer at the following address:

Entomological Society of Washington
c/o Department of Entomology
Smithsonian Institution
Washington, D. C. 20560

Honorary President
C. F. W. MvuESEBECK

Honorary Members

FREDERICK W. Poos
ERNEst N, Cory
Avery S. Hoyt

MEETINGS.—Regular meetings of the Society are held in Room 43, Natural History Building, Smithsonian
Institution, on the first Thursday of each month from October to June, inclusive, at 8 P.M. Minutes of meetings
are published regularly in the Proceedings.

MEMBERSHIP.—Members shall be persons who have demonstrated interest in the science of entomology.
Annual dues for members are $6.00 (U.S. currency).

PROCEEDINGS.—Published quarterly beginning with March by the Society at Washington, D.C. Members in
good standing are entitled to the Proceedings free of charge. Nonmember subscriptions are $8.00 per year,
both domestic and foreign (U.S. currency), payable in advance. All remittances should be made payable to
The Entomological Society of Washington.

The Society does not exchange its publications for those of other societies.

STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP

Title of Publication: Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington.
Frequency of Issue: Quarterly (March, June, September, December).

Location of Office of Publication, Business Office of Publisher and Owner: The Entomological S Beery, of
Washington, c/o Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560

Editor: Dr. Paul M. Marsh, same address as above.
Managing Editor and Known Bondholders or other Security Holders: none.

This issue mailed March 22, 1971

Second Class Postage Paid at Lawrence, Kansas, U. S. A. 66044

ALLEN PRESS, INC, ~ ?®'NTEo LAWRENCE, KANSAS 66044

Us.h

PROCEEDINGS OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Vol. 73 MARCH 1971 No. 1

A REDESCRIPTION OF AEDES (STEGOMYIA)
SCUTELLARIS MALAYENSIS COLLESS AND THE DIFFERENTIATION OF
THE LARVA FROM THAT OF AEDES (S.) ALBOPICTUS (SKUSE)

(Diptera: Curiciar)*

Yrau-Min Huanc, Southeast Asia Mosquito Project, Department of Entomology,
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560

ABSTRACT—Both sexes of Aedes (Stegomyia) scutellaris malayensis Colless
1962 are redescribed and the larva and pupa described for the first time. Char-
acters for separating the larva of this species from that of A. (S.) albopictus
(Skuse) 1894-5 are given.

Aedes scutellaris malayensis is a Southeast Asia taxon, widely dis-
tributed throughout the area. The adults, except for the claspette of
the male terminalia, have not been described in any detail, and the
immature stages not at all. In the field, s. malayensis is often found
with albopictus in the same breeding habitats such as tree holes, and
unfortunately the immature stages are extremely similar and very
difficult to separate. In view of this and present day interest in
Stegomyia, it has been considered desirable to give a detailed descrip-
tion of all stages of s. malayensis at the earliest opportunity.

The following description is based primarily on specimens collected
from Pulau Hantu, Singapore, the type locality of s. malayensis, by
Mr. W. T. Chellappah during March, April, May, December, 1969
and January, 1970. Material Examined: 8 paratypes (4 males, 4
females) in USNM, 4 paratypes (2 males, 2 females) in BM, all bearing
same data as holotype male and allotype female (A. s. malayensis,
EX. Lab. Colony from Singapore, 1962). 343 adults (164 males, 179
females), 263 larvae, 253 pupae, 235 adults from individual rearings,
56 male terminalia slides, 17 female terminalia slides (Pulau Hantu,
Singapore, March, April, May, December, 1969 and January, 1970,
W. T. Chellappah).

+ This work was supported by Research Contract No. DA-49-193-MD-2672 from
the U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Office of the
Surgeon General, Washington, D.C.

2 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971

Aedes (Stegomyia) scutellaris malayensis Colless
(CBiscueles2 5)

Aedes (Stegomyia) scutellaris malayensis Colless, 1962, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W.
87: 314 (4, 2). Type locality: Pulau Hantu, Keppel Harbour, Singapore.

MALE. Head. Proboscis dark scaled (or sometimes with a few pale scales on
the ventral side, or with a white stripe on the ventral side), slightly longer than
fore femur; palpus dark, as long as proboscis, with a white basal band on each of
segments 2-5; those on segments 4,5 incomplete dorsally; segments 4,5 subequal,
slender, upturned, and with only a few short hairs; antenna plumose, shorter than
proboscis; clypeus bare; pedicel covered with white scales except on dorsal side;
decumbent scales of vertex all broad and flat; erect forked scales dark, not
numerous, restricted to occiput; vertex with a median stripe of broad white scales,
with broad dark ones on each side interrupted by a lateral stripe of broad white
scales followed by a patch of white broad ones ventrally. Thorax. Scutum with
narrow dark scales and a prominent median longitudinal stripe of similar white
ones, the median stripe narrows slightly posteriorly and forks at beginning of
the prescutellar space, there is on each side a posterior dorsocentral white line
which does not reach to the middle of the scutum; a supraalar line of broad white
scales present; acrostichal bristles absent; dorsocentral bristles present; scutellum
with broad white scales on all lobes and with a few broad dark ones at the
apex of mid lobe; anterior pronotum with broad white scales; posterior pronotum
with narrow dark scales on the upper portion and with broad white scales on the
lower portion forming a white stripe instead of a white patch; paratergite with
broad white scales; postspiracular area without scales; subspiracular area without
scales; patches of broad white scales on propleuron, on the upper and lower
portions of sternopleuron and on the upper and lower portions of mesepimeron;
mesepimeron scale patches well separated, sometimes narrowly connected; lower
mesepimeron without bristles; metameron bare. Wing. With dark scales on all
veins except for a minute basal spot of white scales on the costa; first forked
cell 1.5 times as long as its stem. Halter. With dark scales. Legs. Coxae with
patches of white scales; knee-spots present on all femora; fore and mid femora
dark anteriorly, paler posteriorly; hind femur anteriorly with a broad white
longitudinal stripe which widens at base and is narrowly separated from the
apical white scale patch; fore and mid tibiae dark anteriorly, paler posteriorly;
hind tibia dark; fore and mid tarsi with basal white bands on tarsomere 1,2;
hind tarsus with basal white bands on tarsomeres 1-4, the ratio of the length
of the white band to the total length of the tarsomere is as 1:4, 1:3, 2:5 and 2:3,
tarsomere 5 all white or sometimes with a few dark scales on the apical ventral
side; fore and mid legs with tarsal claws unequal, the larger one toothed, the
smaller one simple; hind leg with tarsal claws equal, simple. Abdomen. Abdominal
segment I with white scales on laterotergite; tergum II dark dorsally, with lateral
pale spots only or sometimes with a median spot as well; terga II-VI each with
a sub-basal transverse white band which is connected to the lateral spots, some-
times tergum III with a sub-basal median spot and with lateral spots which are
turned dorsomesally; tergum VII with lateral white spots only; sternum VIII largely
covered with white scales. Terminalia. Basimere 3.5 times as long as wide; its
scales restricted to dorsolateral, lateral and ventral areas; with a patch of hairs
on the basomesal area of the dorsal surface; mesal surface membranous; claspette
with the distal expanded part subtriangular in shape, the sternal and tergal sides

———

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971 3

Fig. 1. Aedes (Stegomyia) scutellaris malayensis Colless. A, B, dorsoventral
aspect of the male pupa; C, tergal aspect of the male terminalia with claspette
enlarged (lateral aspect).

4 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971

arin <
Has Ss
ls

ai Uf

gE

Aedes (Stegomyia ) scutellaris malayensis Colless

Fig. 2. Aedes (Stegomyia) scutellaris malayensis Colless. A, dorsoventral
aspect of the head of the fourth instar larva; B, lateral aspect of the terminal
abdominal segments of the fourth instar larva; C, dorsoventral aspect of the thorax
and abdomen of the fourth instar larva.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971 5

basfrabhul

Fig. 3. Aedes (Stegomyia) scutellaris malayensis Colless. A, mesal aspect of
the claspette of the male terminalia; B, sternal aspect of the female terminalia.

not parallel but tapering, with 7-10 modified setae forming a prominent row on
the middle area of the sternal side and occupying about 1% of it; distimere
simple, elongate, as long as basimere, with a spiniform process and a few hairs at
apex; aedeagus with a distinct sclerotized lateral toothed plate on each side;
paraprocts without teeth; cercal setae absent; ninth tergum with 2 hairy lateral
lobes.

FEMALE. Essentially as in the male, differing in the following respects:
palpus 144 of proboscis, with white scales on apical half. Wing with first forked
cell about 2 times as long as its stem. Fore and mid legs with tarsal claws equal,
simple. Abdominal tergum I sometimes with a median spot; tergum II always
dark dorsally, with lateral spots which are tured dorsomesally; tergum III
often dark dorsally, with lateral spots only (or sometimes as in the male); terga
IV-VII often with complete sub-basal transverse white bands or sometimes with
an incomplete sub-basal transverse band on tergum IV; segment VIII largely
retracted; sternum VIII with conspicuous rounded lateral lobe; post-genital plate
with shallow notch; cerci short and broad; 3 spermathecae, 1 larger than the
other 2.

PUPA. Cephalothorax. Trumpet short, three times as long as wide at the
middle; both hair 1-C and 3-C single, longer than 2-C; 2-C usually single (1-2);

6 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, No. 1, MARCH, 1971

Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse)

Fig. 4. Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse). A, dorsoventral aspect of the
head of the fourth instar larva; B, lateral aspect of the terminal abdominal segments
of the fourth instar larva; C, dorsoventral aspect of the thorax and abdomen of
the fourth instar larva.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971

4-C usually single (1-2); 5-C usually with 2 branches (2-3); hair 6-C single,
much stouter than 7-C; hair 10-C branched, mesad and caudad of 11-C; 11-C
single. Abdomen. Hair 1-I well developed, with more than 10 branches, dendritic;
hair 2-I single; hair 3-I single, long; hair 2-I and 3-I not widely separated, the
distance between them as the distance between 4-I and 5-I; hair 1-II branched,
dendritic; hair 2-II laterad of hair 3-II; hair 2-IV, V mesad of hair 1; hair
3-II and 3-III single, shorter than segment III; hair 5-IV, 5-V and 5-VI single,
not reaching beyond the posterior margin of the following segment; hair 9-VIII
usually with a strong main stem (1 or 2) and lateral branches of varying length.
Paddle. Margins with fringe; hair 1-P single; hair 2-P sometimes present.

LARVA. Head. Antenna 0.5 length of head, without spicules; 1-A inserted
near middle of shaft, single; inner mouth brushes pectinate at tip; head hair 4-C
well developed, branched, closer to 6-C than 5-C, cephalad and mesad of 6-C;
hairs 5, 6, 8, 9 and 13 single; 7 and 12 double; 10 usually single (1-2); 11
usually with 3 branches (3-4); 14 and 15 usually double (2-3); mentum with
11-12 teeth on each side. Thorax. Hair 1-P usually with 3 branches (2-3);
2-P single; 3-P double; 5-P and 6-P single; 7-P double; 11-P usually double
(1-2); 5-M and 7-M single; 6-M with 3 branches; 8-M with 4—5 branches; 9-M
usually with 3 branches (2-3); 10 and 12 single, long, stout; 11 single, small;
7-T usually with 5 branches (5-7); 9-T usually double (2-3); 10 and 11 similar
to those on mesothorax; 12 more reduced. Abdomen. Hair 6-I usually with 4
branches (3-4); 7-I single; 6-II usually with 3 branches (2-3); 7-II usually
with 3 branches (2-3); 6-III-V double; 6-VI single; 1-VII usually with 2
branches (2-3), long; comb of 8-12 scales in a single row, each scale with fine
denticles or fringes at the base of the apical spine; pentad hair 2-VIII distant
from 1-VIII; 1-VIII and 5-VIII with 3-4 branches; 3-VIII with 5-9 branches;
2-VIII and 4-VIII single; siphon short, about 2.5 times as long as wide, acus
absent; pecten teeth 10-14 in number, evenly spaced, each tooth with 2-4 basal
denticles; 1-S with 4-5 branches, inserted beyond last tooth and in line with the
teeth; saddle incomplete; marginal spicules very small and inconspicuous; 1-X
with 2 branches; 2-X with 2 branches; 3-X single; ventral brush with 4 pairs of
hairs on grid, each hair single except 2 of the proximal ones usually double (1-2),
sometimes 4 of the proximal ones double; without precratal tufts; gills long and
about 4 times as long as saddle, sausage-like.

TYPE DATA. Aedes (Stegomyia) scutellaris malayensis Colless,
holotype male, allotype female in the Australian National Insect Col-
lection, Canberra; type locality: Palau Hantu, Keppel Harbour, Singa-
pore (Colless 1962).

DISTRIBUTION. This species is widely distributed throughout
Southeast Asia, being known from Singapore, Malaya, Thailand, Cam-
hodia, Viet Nam, Taiwan and Hainan.

TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION. Aedes s. malayensis, a member of the
scutellaris subgroup, is highly variable in both adult ornamentation and
in the immature stages. However, certain characters of the male
terminalia, such as the shape of the claspette and the degree of de-
velopment of modified setae on it, are constant and unique. It is very
similar to s. scutellaris from Aroe Island and New Guinea (Huang
1969), to s. hensilli from Ulithi Island, W. Carolinas and “scutellaris”

8 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971

from the Philippines. A full account of these and related forms will be
given in the future.

BIOLOGY. Larvae were taken in tree-holes on Pulau Hantu and in
fallen palm-fronds (Colless, 1957).

The topotypic material (Pulau Hantu, Singapore, W. T. Chellappah )
newly reported here was reared from larvae or pupae which were
collected from tree-holes and spathes holding water and reared from
eggs which were obtained from wild caught adults.

The adults of s. malayensis are easily differentiated from albopictus
by the characteristic abdominal ornamentation, while the larvae are
extremely similar. In nature, the larvae of s. malayensis are often
collected from the same breeding sites as albopictus, therefore, great
care must be taken in identifying them. The following will suffice in
about 80-90% of cases. In s. malayensis abdominal hair 1-VII usually
with 2 long branches, when 3-branched then one much smaller than
the other two; mesothoracic hair 9-M usually 3, rarely 2-branched;
ventral brush hairs 4a-x usually double, occasionally single. In albo-
pictus hair 1-VII usually 4, sometimes 3-branched, but always shorter
and stronger; mesothoracic hair 9-M usually with 2 branches, rarely
3-branched; 4a-x always single.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I am grateful to Dr. Botha de Meillon and Dr. Alan Stone for the helpful
assistance and valuable suggestions regarding this paper and also for a critical
review of the manuscript. I extend my thanks to Mr. Vichai Malikul of Southeast
Asia Mosquito Project, for his help in making the drawings; to Miss Virginia M.
Ford of Southeast Asia Mosquito Project, for the help in rearing and preparation
of specimens.

I am much indebted to Mr. W. T. Chellappah, Department of Parasitology,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Singapore, Singapore, for his invaluable help in
sending the Singapore material to SEAMP.

REFERENCES

Colless, D. H. 1957. Records of two Pacific Island species of mosquitos from
Singapore Harbour. Med. J. Malaya 12(2):464—465.

1962. Notes on the taxonomy of the Aedes scutellaris group, and
new records of A. paullusi and A. albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae). Proc.
Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 87:312-315.

Huang, Y. M. 1969. A description of a topotypic male of Aedes scutellaris
(Walker). (Diptera: Culicidae). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 71(4):471-475.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971 9

HOST PLANTS OF APHIS GOSSYPIIT AT THE LOS ANGELES STATE
AND COUNTY ARBORETUM, ARCADIA, CALIFORNIA*™
(HoMoprTERA: APHIDIDAE )

Mortmer D. Leonarp, Collaborator, Entomology Research Division,
Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture?

and

Harry G. WALKER, Entomologist and Leonip EnaAnti, Plant Taxonomist,
Los Angeles State and County Arboretum, 301 North Baldwin Ave.,
Arcadia, California 91006

ABSTRACT—Dnuring 1966 and 1967 aphids were collected from 1332 different
kinds of plants at the Los Angeles State and County Arboretum, Arcadia, Califor-
nia. Aphis gossypii Glover was found on 204 of these, which were distributed in
84 genera and 35 different plant families. The genera are listed in alphabetical
order and with each species the date or dates of collection are given and the rela-
tive abundance of A. gossypii is usually indicated.

During 1966 and 1967 aphids were collected from 1332 different
kinds of plants at the Los Angeles State and County Arboretum at
Arcadia, California. Aphis gossypii Glover was found on 204 of these
plants which are distributed in 84 genera and 35 plant families. The
genera of the host plants are listed in alphabetical order including the
family name, an alphabetical listing of the host species in each genus,
the dates of collection and, where available, an indication of the abun-
dance of the aphids.

In addition, there is an alphabetical listing of the family names of
the host plants, plus the number of genera, the number of hosts and
the number of collections in which A. gossypii were found.

Hosr PLAnts or Aphis gossypii GLOVER ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY ACCORDING
To GENERA AND GIVING THE DATE APHIDS WERE COLLECTED AND INDICATION
or ABUNDANCE

Leguminosae Araliaceae
Acacia gillii Maiden & Blakely Acanthopanax trifoliatus Merrill
2/X1/67 moderate 11/1/67 moderate
Malvaceae
A, pennata Willd. Alyogyne hakeifolia (Giard.) Alef.
25/VII/67 scarce 27/11/67 moderate

1 This is the second in a series of papers on the host plants of aphids at the Los
Angeles State and County Arboretum at Arcadia, California in which Dr. Leon-
ard was responsible for the identification of the aphids, Dr. Walker for their col-
lection and Dr. Enari for the identification of the host plants.

2 Mail address: 2400 16th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009.

10 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971

Compositae

Angianthus tomentosus Wendl.
20/1/67 abundant

Liliaceae
Asparagus sprengeri Regel.
27/X/67 scarce
Myrtaceae
Baeckea virgata Andr.
11/1IV/67 scarce

Leguminosae
Bauhinia variegata Linn.

7/11/67 abundant

Begoniaceae
Begonia Hybrids Hort.
27/X/67 scarce

B. semperflorens Hook

27/X/67 moderate

Rutaceae

Boronia megastigma Nees
31/X/67 scarce

Pittosporaceae
Bursaria spinosa incana Lindl.
20/1/67 abundant
19/VII/67 abundant

B. s. inermis Blanco

20/1/67 abundant

Leguminosae

Caesalpinia crista Linn.
13/IV /67 scarce

Compositae
Calendula officinalis ‘Pacific Beauty’
29/XII scarce

Myrtaceae
Callistemon pachyphyllus Cheel
14/IV/67 scarce

Cupressaceae
Callitris rhomboidea R. Br.
2/1V/67 scarce
C. robusta R. Br.

6/11/67 moderate

C. verrucosa R. Br.
21/VI1/67

moderate

Apocynaceae

Carissa macrocarpa A.DC.
28/V1/67 scarce

Leguminosae
Cassia australis Reinw.
12/V1/66

C. tomentosa Ehrenb. & Hempr.
3/V1/67 scarce

Casuarinaceae
Casuarina equisetifolia Linn.
7/III/67 scarce

C. huegeliana Miq.
10/VII/67 scarce

Bignoniaceae

Catalpa speciosa Warder
5/V/67 scarce

Solanaceae
Cestrum nocturnum Linn.

7/1X/66 abundant

Myrtaceae
Chamaelaucium uncinatum Schauer
26/1/67 abundant

C. u. ‘Rubrum’

26/1/67 abundant

Malvaceae

Chorisia speciosa St. Hil.
16/11/67 scarce

Compositae
Chrysanthemum maximum
‘Temptation’
31/X/67
C. ‘Rambler’
15/V/67

moderate

moderate

Rutaceae
Citrus sp.
16/I11/67

C. limonia Risso
19/X/67

abundant

abundant

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, No. 1, MARCH, 1971 Hat

C. paradisi MacF ad.

29/II1/66 scarce
Ternstroemiaceae
Cleyera japonica Thunb.
10/VIII/67 moderate
Leguminosae

Clianthus formosus Ford & Vickery

27 /XI1/67 abundant
Combretaceae
Combretum glomeruliflorum Sond
17/IV/67 moderate
C. kraussii Hochst.
6/1V /67 moderate
Boraginaceae
Cordia myxa Linn.
24/111 /67 abundant
19/VII/67 abundant
Rosaceae

Cotoneaster conspicua Marquand

18/X/66 abundant
2/V/67 moderate
28/XI1/67 moderate
C. denticulata H. B. & K.
23/X1/66 abundant
C. harroviana Wils.
21/V1/67 abundant
C. microphylla thymifolia Koehne
12/X/67 scarce
Crassulaceae
Crassula falcata Wendl.
16/VIII/66 abundant
26/1X/67 abundant
11/X/67 abundant
C. portulacea Lam.
10/1/67 abundant
7/11/67 abundant
Solanaceae

Cyphomandra betacea Sendt.

14/1IX/66 scarce
1/X1/66 abundant
Leguminosae
Cytisus canariensis Steud.
5/IV/67 scarce

Compositae
Diplopappus filifolius (Vent.) | DC.
5/1V/67 moderate
Myoporaceae
Eremophila bignoniflora F. Muell.
24/X/67 scarce
Ericaceae
Erica australis Linn.
18/II1/67 scarce
E. bauera Andr.
30/V1/66
E. glandulosa Andr.
22,/1V /67 scarce
Rosaceae
Eriobotrya deflexa koshunenis K. & S.
18/X/67 scarce
28/XI1/67 abundant
E. japonica Lindl.
11/X/67 abundant
Myrtaceae
Eucalyptus sp.
12/1V/67 scarce

E. aggregata Deane & Maiden

30/11/67 scarce
E. amygdalina Labill.

26/1/67 scarce

14/IV/67 moderate
E. angulosa Schau.

26/II1/67 scarce

14/1IV/67 scarce
E. behriana F. Muell.

18/IV /66 scarce
E. botryoides Sm.

93/X/67 moderate
E. brachycalyx Blakely

2/X1/67 abundant
E. b. chindoo Blakely

13/IV/67 moderate
E. brevifolia F. Muell.

2/X1/67 moderate

E. burracoppinensis Maiden

30/III/67 scarce
E. caesia Benth.
24/X/67 scarce

Be

1
E
re

EB.

1

13,

E.

les

E

Ep

E.

E

E

E.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971

coccifera Hook
4/T1/67

coccifera ‘Multifruited’
11/VII/67

cosmophylla F. Muell.
23/X/67

diversifolia Bonpl.
30/11/67

ebbanoensis Maiden
14/1V/67

erythronema Turcz.
28/1/67

24/X/67

’. eudesmoides F. Muell.

30/11/67

. gigantea Dehnh.
23/X/67

. huberiana Naud.
23/X/67

. hybrid

31/II1/67

’. inerassata Labill.

31/III/67
intertexta R. T. Baker
12/1V /67

25/1/67

11/VII/67
leucophylla Domin.
19/1/67

7/II1/67

10/VII/67

‘. leucoxylon pauperata J.

24/X/67
. macrandra F. Muell.
30/1/67
2,/X1/67

marginata Sm.
94/X/67

24/II1/67

melanophloia F. Muell.
20/VII/67

. melliodora A. Cunn.
23/X/67

moderate

moderate

Scarce

scarce

moderate

abundant
scarce

scarce

abundant

moderate

moderate

SCarce

scarce

lansdowneana leucantha Blakely

scarce
scarce

abundant
scarce
scarce
Eaebre
scarce

Scarce
scarce

SCarce

megacornuta C. A. Gardner

scarce

SCarce

abundant

E. odontocarpa F. Muell.
14/1V/67

E. oleosa F. Muell.
2/X1/67

E. orbifolia F. Muell.
2/X1/67

E. orgadophilia M. & B.
23/X/67

E. ovata Labill.
25/1/67

E. oxymitra Blakely
31/II1/67
2/X1/67

E. pachyloma Benth.
2/X1/67

E. pachyphylla A. Cunn.
31/III/67
2/X1/67

E. paniculata Sm.
30/1/67

E. pauciflora Sieber
12/VI1/67

E. pileata Blakely
31/III/67

scarce

abundant

moderate

moderate

moderate

scarce
moderate

Scarce

moderate
scarce

abundant

moderate

scarce

E. platypus heterophylla Blakely

2/X1/67

E. pyriformis Turcz.
23/1/67
31/11/67

E. rhodantha B. & S.
9/X/67

E. salmonophloia F. Muell.

95/11/67

E. sideroxylon A. Cunn.
24/X/67

E. stellulata Sieber

24/X/67

. stuartiana F. Muell.

14/IV/67

E. tereticornis Sm.
25/1/67

E. torquata Luehm.
2/X1/67

fe

E. umbellata Dum-Cours.

2/X1/67

scarce

scarce
scarce

abundant

SCarce

scarce

SCarce

moderate

abundant

scarce

moderate

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971

E. urnigera Hook
13/VII/67
E. xanthonema Turcz.
30/III/67
Celastraceae
Euonymus japonicus Linn.
19/V1/67
Moraceae
Ficus sp.
17/X/67
F. henneana Miq.
2/11/67
F. iteophylla Miq.
3/V1/67
F. natalensis Hochst.
30/XI1/66
F. retusa Linn.
7/II1/67
Onagraceae
Fuchsia hybrids
10/X/67
F. ‘Ventura’
7/1X/67
Rubiaceae
Gardenia globosa Hochst.
10/X1/66
G. thunbergia Linn.
11/IV/66
25/X/67
Leguminosae

Genista cinerea DC.
23/V /67

Compositae

Gerbera jamesonii Bolus
30/V1/66

Malvaceae
Gossypium sp.
9/IX/66
15/X1/66
G. sturtianum J. H. Willis
17/1/67

abundant

scarce

scarce

scarce

abundant

scarce

abundant

SCarce

moderate

moderate

scarce

scarce

abundant

abundant
scarce

abundant

13
Proteaceae
Grevillea thelemanniana Hueg.
29/V1/67 scarce
Rosaceae
Heteromeles arbutifolia Lindl.

25/1V /67 scarce
H. a. macrocarpa Munz.

20/1V /67 moderate

Malvaceae
Hibiscus G-65-9

29/X/66 abundant
H. ‘Andersonii’

29/X/66 scarce
H. arnottianus A. Gray

29/X/66 moderate
H. a. kauaiensis

29/X/66 abundant
H. ‘Blue Hawaiian’

26/1X/67 abundant
H. ‘Cooperi’

29/X/66 moderate
H. “‘D. H. Denisonii x H. Rosa Fy
Hort.

A/X/66 abundant
H. “Deodar Double’

26/1X/67 abundant
H. ‘Higbee Red’

29/X/66 abundant
H. ‘Hybrid’

26/1X/67 abundant
H. ludwigii Eckl. & Zeyh.

18/1/67 moderate

17/X/67 scarce
H. manihot Linn.

30/X/67 scarce
H. mutabilis

1/V/67 scarce
H. pedunculatus Linn.

5/IV/67 scarce
H. rosa-sinensis Linn.

17/1/67 abundant
H. rosa-sinensis ‘Sandra’

4/X1/67 abundant

14 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, No. 1, MARCH, 1971

H. ‘Ross Estey’

4/X/66 abundant
H. surattensis Linn.
30/X/67 moderate
H. syriacus Linn.
11/X/67 abundant
Pittosporaceae
Hymenosporum flavum F. Muell.
9/X1/66 abundant
12/IV/67 moderate
30/V1/67 abundant
11/X/67 moderate
Hypericaceae

Hypericum balearicum Linn.

18/11/67 abundant
H. calycinum Linn.
27/X/67 moderate
H. canadense Linn.
10/1V/66
H. canariensis Linn.
11/X/67 abundant
H. elatum Ait.
4/X1/66 scarce
18/II1/67 abundant
H. patulum Thunb.
19/V1/67 abundant
31/X/67 abundant
Saxifrageae
Itea yunnanensis Franch.
13/VI1/67 scarce
4/X/67 moderate
Bignoniaceae

Jacaranda acutifolia Humb. & Bonpl.

11/VII/66 scarce
5/V1/67 scarce
Crassulaceae
Kalanchoe blossfeldiana V. Poelln.
20/X/66 abundant
25/1V /67 scarce
Myrtaceae
Kunzea ericifolia Reichb.
29/V1/67 scarce

K. recurva Schau.

29/V1/67 scarce
Verbenaceae
Lantana macrophylla Schau.
13/1V/66
Myrtaceae
Leptospermum ‘Pom Pom’
14/1V/67 scarce
6/VII/67 moderate
L. “Red Damask’
12/1V/67 scarce
30/V1/67 scarce
L. scoparium “Ruby Glow
30/V1/67 scarce
L. scoparium ‘Snow White’
6/VII/67 scarce
L. scoparium ‘Walker
23/1/67 scarce
Lhotskya ericoides Schau.
12/1V /67 scarce
Hamamelidaceae
Liquidamber formosana Hance
16/III/67 moderate
6/V/67 scarce
15/V1/67 scarce
L. orientalis Mill.
18/11/67 scarce
L. styraciflua Linn.
5/1V/67 scarce
Myrtaceae
Melaleuca longicoma Benth.
2./X1/67 moderate
M. radula Lindl.
15/IV/67 scarce
M. squarrosa Donn
13/VII/67 scarce
M. uncinata R. Br.
14/IV /67 scarce
Metrosideros excelsa Soland.
26/IIL/67 scarce

Rutaceae

Microcitrus australis Swingle
27/X/67 scarce

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, No. 1, MARCH, 1971 15

Leguminosae
Mundulea sericea A. Cheval
8/V/67

SCarce

Myoporaceae
Myoporum acuminatum R. Br.

27/XI11/66 scarce
28/1/67 scarce
Myrtaceae
Myrtus communis Linn.
4/X/67 scarce
3/X1/67 scarce
Compositae
Olearia gunniana Hook
25/1/67 moderate
Rosaceae

Osteomeles subrotunda Lindl.
28/XI11/67 moderate

Leguminosae
Oxylobium callistachys Benth.

23/X/67 scarce
Araliaceae
Paratropia stelzneriana
8/VIII/66 abundant
Hamamelidaceae
Parrotia persica CA. Mey.
5/1V/67 moderate
Rosaceae
Photinia beauverdiana Schneider
16/V /67 moderate
16/VIII/67 moderate
P. fraseri Dress
1/11/67 moderate
5/V/67 moderate
21/VII/67 abundant
27/XI1/67 scarce
P. glabra Decne.
7/VI1/66 abundant
16/VIII/67 abundant
P. serrulata Lindl.
5/VII/67 abundant

Pittosporaceae
Pittosporum tobira ‘Varigatum’
14/11/67 moderate

Plumbaginaceae
Plumbago capensis Thunb.
15/V1/67

Scarce

Portulacaceae
Portulaca olearacea Linn.

3/XI1/67 moderate

Araliaceae

Pseudopanax lessonii C. Koch
1/VIII/66 scarce

Rosaceae

Pyracantha koidzumii Rehder.
16/11/67 moderate

Anacardiaceae
Rhus sp.
5/1V/67

R. viminalis Ait.
13/IL/67

Scarce

abundant

Labiatae
Salvia rutilans Carr.

14/IV/66 scarce

Araliaceae

Schefflera venulosa Harms.

25/11/66 abundant
6/X/66 abundant
Compositae
Senecio lineatus DC.
5/1V/67 scarce
S. petasitis DC.
7/1V/67 scarce
Rutaceae
Severinia buxifolia Tenore
1/V1/67 moderate
Leguminosae
Sophora secundiflora Lag.
15/V/67 moderate

16 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, No. 1, MARCH, 1971

Apocynaceae

Trachelospermum asiaticum Nakai

27/X/67

T. jasminoides Lem

13/VII1/66
4/X/66
5/X/67
17/X/67

Caprifoliaceae

scarce

scarce
moderate
scarce
abundant

Viburnum atrocyaneum C. B. Clarke

20/X/66

abundant

V. suspensum Lindl.
4/X/67

V. tinus Linn.
1/VIII/66

Apocynaceae
Vinca major Linn.

6/X1/67

Cupressaceae

abundant

scarce

abundant

Widdringtonia dracomontana Stapf.

5/IV/67

abundant

An ALPHABETICAL LIST OF THE FAMILIES OF THE Host PLANTS OF Aphis gossypii
GLoveER INDICATING THE NUMBERS OF GENERA, SPECIES OR OTHER IDENTIFICA-
TIONS AND THE NUMBER OF COLLECTIONS MADE Durinc 1966 AND 1967

Families

Genera

Hosts

Samples Taken

Anacardiaceae
Apocynaceae
Araliaceae
Begoniaceae
Bignoniaceae
Boraginaceae
Caprifoliaceae
Casuarinaceae
Celastraceae
Combretaceae
Compositae
Crassulaceae
Cupressaceae
Ericaceae
Hamamelidaceae
Hypericaceae
Labiatae
Leguminosae
Liliaceae
Malvaceae
Moraceae
Myoporaceae
Myrtaceae
Onagraceae
Pittosporaceae
Plumbaginaceae
Portulacaceae
Proteaceae
Rosaceae
Rubiaceae
Rutaceae
Saxifragaceae
Solanaceae
Ternstroemiaceae
Verbenaceae

Total

—
BEDE UR UR BBW HON BRR RR REN RNNAR RRR RNR ROE

[e.0}
aS

bp

~]
ERDF ONNRF KEEP ANNNUWENHEODRWKWONRrPNWRNYPNHKALW

_

204

bo wb Ul~1b

ie) bo i
BRWNOWNR RE RON OWT ORrFODWERAONFW

bo
>
oO

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971 Wy

THE SPECIES RELATED TO MINETTIA OBSCURA (LOEW), WITH
ONE NEW SPECIES AND ONE NEW SYNONYM
(DreTeRA: LAUXANIIDAE )

GEORGE C, STEYSKAL, Systematic Entomology Laboratory,
Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture!

ABSTRACT—Examination of the type specimens of Minettia obscura (Loew)
and M. americana Malloch shows that the latter is a synonym of the former and
that the species Malloch considered to be M. obscura is until now unnamed.
Minettia obscura of authors, not Loew, is described as M. shewelli, n. sp., and a
revised key to the species of the group to which it belongs is given.

Since Malloch (1923:53), in describing Minettia americana, and
since Malloch and McAtee (1924:14), in their key to Minettia, identi-
fied M. obscura (Loew) as a species with 3 dorsocentral bristles, that
species has been misidentified. Examination of the type of M. obscura
shows that M. americana is a synonym of M. obscura and that the
species that Malloch considered to be M. obscura is until now un-
named. I am here describing M. obscura of authors, not Loew, as
M. shewelli, new species, and presenting a revised key to the species
of this group.

The genus Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy in North America, as treated
by Shewell (1938:105; 1965:701), includes 5 very similar species that
may be called the obscura group after the first-named species. These
species may be recognized easily by black thorax, abdomen, and hal-
teres. The only characters of use in distinguishing the species of this
group that I can discern are cited in the key below. The term pseud-
aedeagus, used here, refers to the structure developed as a forked proc-
ess from the end of the juncture of the aedeagal apodeme and the
median anterior part of the hypandrium; it is what Shewell (1938) des-
ignated as “forked process of the genital sternite.” A similar, even
more aedeagus-like development occurs also in the Celyphidae. The
male gonopore is just behind the base of the pseudaedeagus, and a
true aedeagus is either lacking or present as a short, apparently inflat-
able sac-like structure.

Kry To Species RELATED TO Minettia obscura (Loew)

1(10) Males.

2(7) Tip of pseudaedeagal process in profile abruptly turned forward at
or a little apicad of middle; dc normally 4, with well developed ante-
sutural de.

1 Mail address: c/o U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. 20560.

18

3(4)

4(3)

5(6)

6(5)

8(9)

9(8)

10(1)
11(14)

12(13)
13(12)

14(11)
15(16)

16(15)
17(18)

18(17)

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, No. 1, MARCH, 1971

Pseudaedeagal processes in anterior view apically convergent, acute,
length less than that of hypandrium at base of connecting strip
cP EY M. lobata Shewell

Pseudaedeagal processes more or less divergent, length greater than
that of hypandrium at base of connecting strip.

Surstylus with posterior edge not reflexed inwardly or only slightly so
along entire length; hypandrium in profile steeply arcuately decliv-
itous anteriorly; aedeagal apodeme in anterior view with free end
onlysslightly expanded, =5- == en eee M. obseura (Loew)
Surstylus with posterior edge strongly reflexed inwardly in basal half;
hypandrium in profile gently declivitous anteriorly; aedeagal apo-
deme in anterior view with free end strongly expanded —
SORE ered Siena ena ae Se aD Mire UAE oe Be M. americanella Shewell
Tip of pseudaedeagal process in profile not abruptly turned forward,
either turned backward or only gently forward; de normally 3.

Tip of pseudaedeagal process in anterior view strongly deflected
laterad, medial sinus moderately broad —.__ M. lyraformis Shewell
Pseudaedeagal process cuneiform, the 2 processes separated by narrow
sinus, with acute tips closely adjacent to each other (fig. A) ~~
ca ke as et ee ee ee ee oe ee Wel SDs

Females.

8th sternum without depressions, or if with shallow basal depressions,
the sternum much broader than long, mostly strongly convex and
setose, and hind margin emarginate; dc normally 3.

8th sternum nearly hemispherical ________»___ M. lyraformis Shewell

8th sternum much broader than long, with pair of shallow, shining
depressions in basal corners, otherwise strongly convex and _ setose,
posterior margin emarginate (fig. B) __._____ M. shewelli, n. sp.

8th sternum with pair of well developed depressions; de normally 4.

8th sternum with pale yellowish lateral vesicles, tumid in life —
aan eA a a MB tte et ___ M. lobata Shewell

8th sternum without lateral vesicles.

8th sternum subtriangular, decidedly broadest near apex —
ee er Et ee M. obseura (Loew)
8th sternum subquadrate, broader than long, or subtrapezoidal —
a ea MN, IS eR See M. americanella Shewell

The number of rows of acrostichal hairs, development of longitudi-
nal grayish stripes on the mesoscutum, and small differences in length
of aristal hairs have not been found usable in distinguishing the species.
The number of dorsocentral bristles, like chaetotactic characters in
most groups of Diptera, is subject to some variation. In 140 specimens
of M. lyraformis collected in one locality in Maryland, only 10 had a
4th, antesutural dorsocentral, and in most cases this occurred only on
one side or the extra bristle was but little greater in length or thick-

PROG. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971 19

ness than the surrounding hairs. In other species, even less abnormal-
ity in bristling was seen.

Minettia americanella Shewell

Minettia americanella Shewell, 1938:108, pl. 9, fig. 4-6; 1965:701.

The holotype is from Quebec. Other specimens were originally
cited from several localities in Quebec, Ontario, and British Columbia.
In 1965, Shewell cited New York, Pennsylvania, and North Carolina. I
have strong doubts that this species is more than a variation of M.
obscura, but have identified material that fits fairly well with Shewell’s
description and figures from New York, Pennsylvania, Michigan, IIli-
nois, and Virginia.

Minettia lobata Shewell
Minettia lobata Shewell, 1938:108, pl. 9, fig. 7-9; 1965:701.

The type series is from several localities in Quebec. Shewell (1965)
also cited Illinois, Massachusetts, and Georgia. I have seen it from
Missouri, Iowa, Michigan, Pennsylvania, New York, Massachusetts,
Connecticut, Maryland, and Virginia. The species is easily distinguished
from its relatives.

Minettia lyraformis Shewell

Minettia lyraformis Shewell, 1938:109, pl. 9, fig. 10-12; 1965:701.

The holotype is from Quebec, and other material was originally
cited from several localities in Quebec and Ontario. Shewell (1965)
cited also Southern Manitoba, New York, Tennessee, North Carolina,
and Georgia. This species is also easily recognized. I have seen it
from Alaska (Palmer), Missouri, Indiana, Michigan, New York, Rhode
Island, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and Maryland.

Minettia obscura (Loew)

Lauxania obscura Loew, 1861:351 (Centuria I, no. 86).

Minettia obscura (Loew): Melander, 1913:65.

M. americana Malloch, 1923:25; Malloch and McAtee, 1924:14, 16, pl. 1, fig.
5-7; Shewell, 1938:137, pl. 9, fig. 1-3. New synonym.

The description of Lauxania obscura cites “English River; Kennicot—
Pennsylvania; Osten-Sacken.” A pair, both labeled “Type,” from En-
glish River (tributary of Winnipeg River, SW Ontario, Kenora Dis-
trict), has been examined through the kindness of Howard E. Evans,
of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, Cam-
bridge, Massachusetts. Both specimens are in good condition, with 4
dorsocentral bristles and the postabdomen easily discernible. The male
has been selected as lectotype and so labeled. Both sexes are of the

20 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, No. 1, MARCH, 1971

| ie
= S. ;
~ L aS
~ \ ay NOR \
ee Z yy | \
one g \

\\\} 11 //
y ie Ney \\ (lps
,, S A x | LIEN Na)
Fir | AAS WA
Zan N Ve 4\\\ Sit

( IN — yy \ " , at

i St
AW)
1

BOOT 1) 1100)

Figs. A-D, Minettia shewelli Steyskal, n. sp.: A, male postabdomen, profile
and ventral views; B, female postabdomen, ventral view; C, egg, lateral view and
section taken at broken line; D, spermathecae.

same species, one that Malloch, as indicated above, described as M.
americana. I have seen no original material from Pennsylvania.

The male holotype of M. americana and the allotype, which is actu-
ally also a male, are from Plummers Island, Maryland. Conspecitic
paratypes in the U.S. National Museum are from Plummers Island and
Cabin John Bridge, Maryland, and Great Falls, Virginia. Other para-
types in the U.S. National Museum have proven to be M. americanella,
M. lobata, and M. lyraformis.

Shewell cited Quebec and Ontario localities (1965) and the States
of Kansas and Virginia (1965). I have seen M. obscura also from
Ontario, Quebec, Michigan, Illinois, New Mexico (Pecos), and Mary-
land.

Minettia shewelli, n. sp.
(Fig. A-D)

Minettia obscura (Loew), of Malloch and McAtee, 1924:14, 16, pl. 1, fig. 8;
Steyskal, 1968:360. Misidentification.

Male. Apparently differing from M. lyraformis Shewell only in characters cited
in preceding key. Dorsocentral bristles 3, all postsutural. Postabdomen as in fig.
A; pseudaedeagal processes narrowly separated, tips extending closely adjacent to
each other, in anterior view each process acutely cuneiform, in profile broad and
gently sinuate, a little forwardly curved to sometimes mucronate tip; surstylus
with mesal margin a little lobate or angulate in middle.

Female. Similar to male, except postabdomen (fig. B). Stemum 8 about 1.75
times as broad as long, lateral margins semicircular, anterior (basal) margin

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971 21

erosely emarginate, posterior margin gently concave; surface dull, strongly con-
vex, covered with rather dense fine hairs except on pair of shallowly concave
shining areas in basal corners. Sternum 9 with rather long hairs, except in mesal
fifth, which is bare and margined by inclinate hairs. Spermathecae 2 + 1, as in
fig. D.

Egg (fig. C, dissected from female). Colorless, slightly curved, smooth, with
2 strong carinae on concave side and 2 pairs of somewhat finer carinae on convex
side, 200 uw in diameter by 850 u long.

Holotype (male), allotype, and 44 paratypes, Bethesda, Montgomery
County, Maryland, 17 May 1968 (G. Steyskal, no. 70721 in USNM?;
additional paratypes—1 ¢, ibid., 5 May 1968 (G. Steyskal); 2¢ (one
with abnormal antenna), ibid., 26 May 1968 (G. Steyskal); 74, ibid.,
2 June 1968 (G. Steyskal and C. W. Sabrosky); 14, 2°, ibid., 17 May
1969 (G. Steyskal); 144, ibid., 30 May 1969 (G. Steyskal); Missouri:
93, Columbia, 26 May-8 June 1906 (C. R. Crosby), in CU and CNC;
Illinois: 12, Chicago, 6 June 1903 (A. L. Melander); Wisconsin: 14,
Polk County, July (Baker); Michigan: 1¢, Lake County, 7 July 1957 (R.
and K. Dreisbach), in CNC; 1¢, Midland County, 4 June 1937 (R. R.
Dreisbach), in CNC; 14, ibid., 20 June 1954 (R. R. Dreisbach), in CNC;
Indiana: 1 pair, Chesterton, 2 June 1916 (J. M. Aldrich); 23, Lafay-
ette, “V-28” (J. M. Aldrich); 14, ibid., “12 July” (J. M. Aldrich); 1¢,
ibid., 13 July 1915 (J. M. Aldrich); 4¢, ibid., 16 May 1916 (J. M. Ald-
rich); Ohio: 13,4 mi E Kent, 16 July 1964 (W. B. Stoltzfus), in KSU;
Tennessee: 26, 1°, East Ridge, 9 May 1952 (O. Peck), in CNC; 74,
Rutledge, July 1954 (M. R. Wheeler), in UT; Georgia: 23, 12, Chick-
amauga Natl. Military Park, 7 May 1952 (G. S. Walley), in CNC; 24,
Clayton, 18-26 May 1911 (J. C. Bradley), in CNC; Cloudland Canyon
State Park, 8 May 1952 (G. S. Walley), in CNC; 2¢, Pine Mountain,
Rabun County, 14 May 1957, 1400 ft. (J. R. Vockeroth), in CNC; Con-
necticut: 146, Redding, 31 May 1930 (A. L. Melander); 1¢, ibid., 3
June 1934 (A. L. Melander); New York: 14, 12, “Dix. Hills,” Long
Island, 15 June 1935 (Blanton and Borders), in CNC; 1¢, Halfway
Hollow Hills, Long Island, 18 May 1935 (Blanton and Borders), in
CNC; 14, Ithaca, 10 June 1900, in CNC; Riverhead, Long Island, 27
May 1924 (Blanton and Borders), in CNC; Pennsylvania: 1¢, Ger-
mantown, 4 June 1905 (Harbeck); Maryland: 14, Plummers Island,
14 June 1917, in CNC; Virginia: 1¢, Falls Church, 13 July 1934, in
CNC; 36, Great Falls, 9 July 1926 (A. L. Melander); 14, ibid., same
date (J. M. Aldrich), in CNC; 34, ibid., 12 June 1949 (C. W. Sabro-
sky), in CWS; 14, ibid., 13 May 1951 (C. W. Sabrosky ), in CWS; 1°,
ibid., 3 June 1951 (C. W. Sabrosky), in CWS; North Carolina: 1°,

2 Abbreviations of depositories: U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C.;
CNC, Canadian National Collection, Ottawa; CU, Cornell University, Ithaca,
New York; CWS, collection of Curtis W. Sabrosky; KSU, Kent State University,
Kent, Ohio; UT, University of Texas, Austin.

22, PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, No. 1, MARCH, 1971

Clingmans Dome, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, 6300+ ft.,
28 May 1957 (J. R. Vockeroth), in CNC; 12, Franklin, 17 June 1957
(J. R. Vockeroth), in CNC; 1 pair, Lake Junaluska, 27 May 1954 (H. V.
Weems, Jr); 14, Willard, 10 May 1936 (F. S. Blanton), in CU.
Specimens are in USNM, except as otherwise designated and 7 topo-
typical paratypes in CNC (14, 22, 17 May 1969; 42, 30 May 1969).

The type locality is in moist woods along Cabin John Creek at
Bradley Boulevard, about 5 mi. W of the District of Columbia. The
specimens were swept from low vegetation such as Impatiens sp., Po-
dophyllum peltatum, Rhus toxicodendron, Laportea canadensis, Galium
sp., Eupatorium purpureum, Apios tuberosa, and Benzoin aestivale.
Also taken in this locality during 1968 and 1969 were 140 M. lyraformis,
39 M. lobata, and 12 M. obscura.

REFERENCES

Loew, H. 1861. Diptera Americae septentrionalis indigena. Centuria prima.
Berlin. Ent. Zeits. 5:307—359.
Malloch, J. R. 1923. Some new genera and species of Lonchaeidae and
Sapromyzidae (Diptera). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 25:45-53.
and W. L. MeAtee. 1924. Keys to flies of the families Lonchaeidae,
Pallopteridae, and Sapromyzidae of the eastern United States, with a list of the
species of the District of Columbia region. Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus. 65 (12):
1-26, pls. 1-2.
Melander, A. L. 1913. <A synopsis of the Sapromyzidae. Psyche 20:57-82, pl. 3.
Shewell, G. E. 1938. The Lauxaniidae (Diptera) of southern Quebec and
adjacent regions. Can. Ent. 70:102—110, 111-118, 133-142.
1965. In Stone, A., et al., A catalog of the Diptera of America
north of Mexico. U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv., Agr. Handbook no. 276:
695-706.
Steyskal, G. C. 1968. A case of partially reduplicated antenna in Minettia
obscura (Loew) (Diptera: Lauxaniidae). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 70:360.

MUSEUM NEWS

The U. S. National Museum has recently been divided into two separate mu-
seums, the National Museum of Natural History and the National Museum of His-
tory and Technology. Both are bureaus of the Smithsonian Institution. The U. S.
National Museum now consists only of Offices of the Registrar, Administration and
Exhibits. However, because all national biological and paleontological specimens
have been and still are accessioned through the Office of the Registrar, it is ap-
propriate to continue the designation USNM for specimens in all Smithsonian
Museums.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971 23

A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS CUMMINGSIA FERRIS
FROM THE REPUBLIC OF COLOMBIA‘

(MALLOPHAGA: TRIMENOPONIDAE )
Eustorcio MENDEZ, Gorgas Memorial Laboratory, Panama, R. P.

ABSTRACT—Cummingsia inopinata Méndez, n. sp. from Thomasomys cinerei-
venter J. A. Allen, is described and illustrated. A member of the order Rodentia is
added as a new host of the genus Cummingsia, which had been formerly recorded
exclusively from South American marsupials. This finding seems to represent a
case of secondary infestation by a species of Cummingsia on a rodent.

Judging from previous information on the genus Cummingsia, it
had been considered that all its species were associated with South
American marsupials. These obviously represent patterns of primary
infestation on these mammals. Recently, however, a collection of bit-
ing and sucking lice from Colombia, submitted to me for identification
by Dr. H. Trapido, has revealed an interesting new species of Cum-
mingsia as a genuine parasite of Thomasomys cinereiventer, a mem-
ber of the rodent family Cricetidae. This discovery modifies our
knowledge of Cummingsia by adding a host belonging to a different
mammalian order. The presence of this louse on a rodent seems to in-
dicate an interesting case of secondary infestation of probable recent
origin.

I am indebted to Dr. k. C. Emerson for the loan of a male and a
female specimen of Cummingsia peramydis Ferris for comparative
studies. My thanks are also expressed to Dr. Harold Trapido of the
Rockefeller Foundation Unit at the Universidad del Valle, Colombia,
for the opportunity of describing the following new species.

Cummingsia inopinata, n. sp.

(Figs. 1-5)

Diagnosis —Morphological features of the head places this new
species near C. intermedia Werneck; however, it is fundamentally dif-
ferent from the latter species in having a single row of setae on each
abdominal sternite, except the first one, instead of two rows. Addi-
tional significant differences are present in the male and female geni-
talia which are here illustrated.

MALE (figs. 1-4). Head (fig. 2) conspicuous, wider than long, with temples
slightly produced and bearing two long widely spaced setae in addition to several
short setae. Rest of chaetotaxy moderately developed. Anterior margin of head
convex, interrupted by small notch on each side, thus defining a clypeal region.

1 This paper was submitted under the sponsorship of G. B. Fairchild.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971 25

Lateral margins devoid of a notch, with most anterior area subangular. Labial
palpus short, provided with several minute setae. Maxillary palpus about twice the
length of labial palpus, also bearing a few minute setae. Preantennal ventral proc-
esses blunt, heavily sclerotized. Each antenna short, concealed in large, deep
ventral fossa. Basal antennal segment very small, apparently without setae; sec-
ond segment semitriangular, with two short setae on outer margin, besides one
inner seta; third segment globular, with few minute setae. Prothorax smaller
than pterothorax, suggesting an hexagonal shield having several setae of variable
length. Pterothorax notably wide, showing subangular lateral margins, provided
with various setae. Thoracic spiracles conspicuous. Thoracic sternal plates (fig.
3) distinct, the last three united, armed with well distributed setae. All legs
stout, typical of genus, moderately clothed with setae. Abdomen ovate, slightly
elongate, showing indented lateral margins. Tergal and sternal abdominal plates
prominent, those of first segment with two rows of setae, remaining plates with
one row. Pleural plates particularly well defined on segments 2-4, containing
several strong setae. Genitalia (fig. 4) simple, characterized by broad basal plate
having anterior portion considerably expanded into a blade of sinuate margins,
expanded at its rounded apex. Each paramere short, ending in slender tip turned
upward, bearing short subapical seta. Pseudopenis well developed, Y-shaped,
with basal arm very short, open at tip. Ejaculatory sac delicate, membranous,
covered with fine microspicules.

FEMALE.—In general morphology and chaetotaxy similar to the male, from
which it differs in its sexual characters and larger size. Female genital region
(fig. 5) apparently limited to last two abdominal segments. Caudal segment pro-
vided with two long caudo-marginal setae on each side, the outermost the longest.
Genitalia fundamentally contained in this segment, characterized by broad genital
armature with convex anterior margin and sclerotized lateral margins. Basally this
structure bears two gonopods which are near each other and possesses a group
of gonopodal setae preceded by ventral setae of armature.

Types.—Holotype male (No. HTC-2425) from Laguna de la Cocha,
Depto. de Narifio, Colombia, elevation 2700 m, 18 May, 1968; allotype
female (HTC-2399), same data as holotype; 4 male and 18 female
paratypes, same data as holotype; 1 female paratype from Comis, 38
km between Pasto and Sibundoy, Depto. de Putumayo, Colombia,
elevation 3100 m, 25 May, 1968. All specimens examined collected by
Dr. H. Trapido.

Lengths.—Male holotype, 1.27 mm; female allotype, 1.44 mm.

Type host—Thomasomys cinereiventer J. A. Allen, 1912.

Holotype and allotype will be deposited in the collection of the U.S.
National Museum. Paratype specimens will be deposited in the British
Museum (Natural History), Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia,
Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii, and in the collections of
Drs. Phyllis T. Johnson and Kk. C. Emerson. The rest of the paratypes

<

Fig. 1, Cummingsia inopinata, n. sp., dorsal-ventral view, holotype.

26 PROG. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971

4 5

Figs. 2-5, Cummingsia inopinata, n. sp.: 2, head, ¢ holotype; 3, thoracic ster-
nal plates, ¢ holotype; 4, genitalia, ¢ holotype; 5, terminal abdominal segments,
2 allotype.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971 27

will be maintained in the collection of the Gorgas Memorial Labora-
tory.

Remarks.—An attempt to explain how Thomasomys cinereiventer,
a rodent of the family Cricetidae, acquired the ectoparasite described
in this paper, can be made with some reservations. At present very
little is known about the habits of this mammal, which seems to have
been usually trapped on the ground. Nevertheless, the finding by Dr.
H. Trapido of three specimens of a true bird flea, Dasypsyllus galli-
nulae, on three different individuals of T. cinereiventer at Cerro Mun-
chique, Departamento del Cauca, Colombia, suggest the possibility
that this rodent is at least partially arboreal. It might temporarily
occupy tree holes or other sites containing bird nests, a source from
which the mentioned fleas were probably obtained. Since most Amer-
ican marsupials are arboreal or semi-arboreal, I am inclined to think
that, in a similar manner, T. cinereiventer may have acquired the orig-
inal stock from which the new species of Cummingsia under discussion
was derived, many years ago from opossum nests.

REFERENCES

Ferris, G. F. 1922. The mallophagan family Trimenoponidae. Parasitology
14(1):75-86.

Hopkins, G. H. E. 1949. The host-associations of the lice of Mammals. Proc.
Zool. Soc. Lond. 119(2):387-604.

Werneck, F. L. 1937. Nova especie do genero Cummingisa (Mallophaga:
Trimenoponidae). Memorias de Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 32(1):69-73.

1948. Os Malofagos do Mamiferos. Parte I. Amblycera e Ischno-

cera (Philopteridae e parte de Trichodectidae). 243 pp. Revista Brasil. Biol.,
Rio de Janeiro.

A NEW BALLOPHILUS FROM THE PHILIPPINES

(CHiLoPpopA : GEOPHILOMORPHA ; BALLOPHILIDAE )

R. E. Crasity, Jr., Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Instituticn
Washington, D.C. 20560

ABSTRACT—Ballophilus comastes, n. sp., is described from Luzon, Philippines.

Ballophilus, as restricted by Attems in 19291, is currently known geo-
graphically only sporadically. It has been recorded from sub-Saharan
Africa, Madagascar, Mauritius, Southeast Asia, the Australian Region

1 Das Tierreich, Lief. 52, pp. 100-101, 1929.

28 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971

including some adjacent islands and New Zealand, and in the Amer-
icas only from Peru. The present new species extends the generic
range (predictably I think) to include the Philippines. I suspect the
genus probably occurs widely throughout the Old World Tropics,
where its members have escaped capture commonly because of their
diminutive size, furtive habits, and covert habitats. No doubt many
unrecorded species await discovery.

The new species seems most to resemble Ribaut’s neocaledonicus?,
from which it differs conspicuously as follows. In neocaledonicus: (1)
pedal segments 61-79; (2) body suffused with green and purple. In
comastes, new species: (1) pedal segments only 49; (2) body uni-
formly yellowish, not suffused with green or purple.

Ballophilus comastes, n. sp.

Holotype: male. Philippines: Luzon, Mt. Makiling, Lagunas, 150
m. below summit. February 1968. Roger Morse, leg. Deposited in
the U.S. National Museum.

GENERAL. Pedal segments 49. Length 15 mm. Anteriorly strongly attenuate.
Color yellowish. Vestiture: moderately clothed with stiff robust setae.

ANTENNAE. Ultimate 6 articles strongly capitate and more densely shortly
setose than those preceding. Special setae: on article 14 ectally and mesally a
patch of hyaline clavate setae; dorsally on 13 with two robust setae; dorsally on
9 with three robust setae. CEPHALIC PLATE. Dorsally domed; no discernible
frontal suture. CLYPEUS. Paraclypeal sutures complete, very wide and vague.
On anterior quarter with a row of four setae, with two anteroclypeals. LABRUM.
Greatly reduced, substantially atrophied. FIRST MAXILLAE. Medial lobes
small, telopodites far exceeding them. All lappets absent. SECOND MAXILLAE.
Isthmus anteromedially forming a strongly re-entrant angle. Telopodite robust;
each article wider than long; dorsal and ventral condyles present; claw broad,
delicately bipectinate. PREHENSOR. Flexed, not exceeding anterior head mar-
gin. Denticles absent. Poison calyx small, cordiform, in tibiid. Poison gland ex-
tending posteriorly beyond prefemur. Pleurograms absent. TERGITES. Not
granulate. STERNITES. All much longer than wide. Most posterocentrally with
a small elliptically transverse raised porefield, this absent on Ist and penult, hence
porefields on 2 through 47; those of anterior body third subcircular, less elliptical
than those preceding. LEGS. Anterior and posterior parungues equal, short, 14 as
long as claw. ULTIMATE PEDAL SEGMENT. Pretergite bilaterally fissate.
Tergite greatest width exceeds length. Presternite medially divided. Sternite
greatest width exceeds length; sides and rear straight. Each coxopleuron with
two homogeneous crypts. Legs greatly inflated. Tarsus double. Pretarsus seti-
form, long. With large setigerous alveoli as follows: one on coxopleuron, one
on trochanter, one on prefemur, two on femur, two on tibia, one on first tarsus,
two on second tarsus. POSTPEDAL SEGMENTS. Male gonopods each uni-
segmental. Without discernible anal pores.

2 Forschung in N. Caledonien u. Loyalty Inseln, 3(1), p. 77, 1923.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, No. 1, MARCH, 1971 29

A REPORT ON THE TETRANYCHIDAE OF PARAGUAY

( ACARINA )

BRAULIO RAMON ARANDA C., Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganaderia,
Asuncion, Paraguay

and

Carios H. W. FLECHTMANN, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz’,
University of Sado Paulo, Piracicaba, Sdo Paulo, Brasil

ABSTRACT—An annotated list of tetranychid mites collected in Paraguay
is presented.

Very little is known about the plant feeding mites in Paraguay.
There are three references, Alvarez, et al. (1955), Nickel (1958) and
Knorr, et al. (1968), and one general paper by Aranda (1969), which
was presented as a thesis to the Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz
de Queiroz”, of the Universidade de Sao Paulo, in Piracicaba. Since
this paper is not widely distributed, it has been thought best to bring
the literature up to date, even though much work is yet to be done on
Paraguayan plant mites. The classification presented by Tuttle and
Baker (1968) is used.

Bryobia praetiosa Koch

Bryobia praetiosa Koch, 1836:8; Pritchard and Baker, 1955:26; Tuttle and Baker,
1968:60.

This species was recorded by Alvarez, et al. (1955) from orchards.

Monoceronychus linki Pritchard and Baker
Monoceronychus linki Pritchard and Baker, 1955:92.

This species is only known to occur in Florida on grasses. One single trito-
nymph was found on sugar cane.

Eutetranychus banksi (McGregor )

Tetranychus banksi McGregor, 1914:358.
Eutetranychus banksi; Pritchard and Baker, 1955:115.

This species is known from Texas and Florida, and southward through Central
and South America. In Paraguay it has been collected on citrus where it is ap-
parently not yet a pest. It has also been collected from Ilex paraguariensis St.
Hil., papaya (Carica papaya L.) and Melia azedarach Blanco.

30 PROG. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971

Figs. 1-6, aedaeagi of Tetranychidae: 1, Oligonychus (Oligonychus) coffeae
(Niet.); 2, O. (Pritchardinychus) psidii Flecht.; 3, Tetranychus (Tetranychus )
ludeni Zach.; 4, T. (T.) andrei B. & P.; 5, T. (T.) mexicanus (McG.); 6, T. (T.)
paraguayensis Aranda.

Aponychus spinosus ( Banks )

Tetranychopsis spinosa Banks, 1909:134.
Eutetranychus spinosus: McGregor, 1950:197.
Aponychus spinosus: Tuttle and Baker, 1968:82.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971 31

Previously known from Canada and the U.S., this species has been collected
from citrus in Paraguay. It was also collected from the same host in Sao Paulo,
Brasil.

Aponychus sechultzi ( Blanchard )

Anychus schultzi Blanchard, 1940:24.
Eutetranychus schultzi: Pritchard and Baker, 1955:115.
Aponychus schultzi: Tuttle and Baker, 1968:82.

This species, previously recorded from Argentina and Brasil, has been collected
from rice (Oryza sativa L.) and Cycas revoluta Bedd.

Mononychus tanajoa ( Bondar)

Tetranychus tanajoa Bondar, 1938:443.
Mononychus tanajoa: Flechtmann and Baker, 1970:160.

This species is distinctive in having short dorsal setae and no reticulate pattern
on the dorsum of the propodosoma, and was previously known from Brasil. It
has been collected from Manihot utilissima Pohl. in Paraguay.

Mononychus planki (McGregor )

Tetranychus planki McGregor, 1950:300.
Eotetranychus planki: Pritchard and Baker, 1955:148.
Mononychus planki: Tuttle and Baker, 1968:105.

The distinctive character for this species is the reticulate pattern on the medio-
dorsal portion of the propodosoma as well as broad areas around the dorsal
hysterosomal setae with the integument irregularly dotted. The dorsal hystero-
somal setae are as long as the intervals between their bases.

M. planki has been collected from cotton (Gossypium barbadense ).

Eotetranychus unecatus Garman
Eotetranychus uncatus Garman, 1952, in Pritchard and Baker, 1955:183.

This species, known from the U.S. and Mexico, has been collected from peach,
causing considerable leaf damage.

Oligonychus (Oligonychus) coffeae ( Nietner )

Acarus coffeae Nietner, 1861, in Nietner and Green, 1880:19.
Oligonychus coffeae: Pritchard and Baker, 1955:315.

This species was described from Ceylon, and has been recorded from several
hosts from Florida, South Africa and Australia.

Females of O. coffeae were collected from coffee (Coffea arabica L.) and yerba
mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.).

Oligonychus (Oligonychus) ilicis (McGregor)

Tetranychus ilicis McGregor, 1917:586.
Oligonychus ilicis: Pritchard and Baker, 1955:305.

This species, known as a pest of several ornamentals in the U.S. and Japan, and
of coffee in Brasil, has been collected from Psidium guajava Raddi.

32 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, No. 1, MARCH, 1971

Oligonychus (Pritchardinychus) psidii Flechtmann

Oligonychus psidii Flechtmann 1967:40.
Oligonychus (Pritchardinychus) psidii: Flechtmann and Baker, 1970:157.

O. psidii is only known from its type locality, in Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brasil.
It has been collected from Psidium guajava Raddi and Pointiana regia Boj. in
Paraguay.

Tetranychus (Tetranychus) desertorum Banks

Tetranychus desertorum Banks, 1900:76; Pritchard and Baker, 1955:403; Tuttle
and Baker, 1968:126.

This is a widespread species in North and South America, and was first col-
lected in Paraguay by Nickel (1958). It has been collected from cotton, yerba
mate, Melia azedarach Blanco, castor bean (Ricinus communis L.), Manihot sp.,
Vicia fava L., Hordeum vulgare L., Campomanesia rhombea Berg., Citrullus vul-
garis Schrad, and Eucaliptus spp.

Flechtmann and Baker (1970) stated that the head of the aedaeagus of T.
desertorum from Brasil is much smaller than that of those from Texas. In the
paraguayan specimens we found both types, with “normal” and small aedaeagus,
occurring on different hosts and different localities.

Tetranychus (Tetranychus) ludeni Zacher

Tetranychus ludeni Zacher, 1913:40; Pritchard and Baker, 1955:405.

This species, which in Brasil occurs mainly on beans and cotton, was collected
from papaya, peaches, grapes and Manihot sp.

Tetranychus (Tetranychus) andrei Baker and Pritchard

Tetranychus andrei Baker and Pritchard, 1960:534.

This species, originally described from a legume from Africa, was collected on
banana leaves (Musa cavendishi Lambert ).

Tetranychus (Tetranychus) mexicanus (McGregor )

Septanychus mexicanus McGregor, 1950:33.
Tetranychus mexicanus: Pritchard and Baker, 1955:411.

From South America this species was previously known from Argentina and
Brasil. The more important hosts in Paraguay are cotton, citrus, peaches, papaya,
avocado (Persea americana Mill.) and yerba mate.

Tetranychus (Tetranychus) paraguayensis Aranda
Tetranychus paraguayensis Aranda, 1969:28.

This species belongs to Tetranychus (Tet.) s. str. in that the striae form a
diamond shaped pattern between the third and fourth pairs of dorsocentral setae.

The proximal duplex setae on tarsus I is distal to the four proximal tactile setae.
The terminal sensillum of the palpus of the female is strong and about 1.5 times
as long as broad. Peritreme strongly recurved distally.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971 33

In the male the terminal sensillum of the palpus is slender and long, about 2.5
times as long as broad. The aedaeagus is unique, as shown in the drawing.
This species has been collected from citrus and papaya.

Tetranychus (Tetranychus) urticae Koch

Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836: Fasc. 1; Tuttle and Baker, 1968:129.
Tetranychus telarius ( Linn.) of various authors.

The common green two-spotted spider mite was found on Manihot sp. and corn
(Zea mays L.).

REFERENCES

Alvarez, L. A., et al. 1955. Curso de Fitopatologia y Entomologia Agricola.
Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganaria, Servicio Tecnico Interamericano y Co-
operacion Agricola. Boletin no. 117, tomo I. Asuncion, Paraguay. 228 pp.,
mimeogr.

Aranda, B. R. 1969. Contribuicao para o conhecimento de acaros de plantas
do Paraguay. M.S. Thesis, Piracicaba, August 1969. 41 pp.

Baker, E. W. and A. E. Pritehard. 1960. The tetranychoid mites of Africa.
Hilgardia 29( 11) :455-574.

Bondar, G. 1938. Notas entomologicas da Bahia. II. Rev. Ent. Brasil 9(3-4):
441-449,

Flechtmann, C. H. W. and E. W. Baker. 1970. A preliminary report on the
Tetranychidae of Brasil. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 63(1):156-163.

Knorr, L. C., et al. 1968. Occurrence of Brevipalpus mites, leprosis and false
leprosis on citrus in Florida. Fla. Ent. 51(1):11-17.

Nickel, J. L. 1958. Agricultural insects of the Paraguayan Chaco, J. Econ.
Ent. 51(5) :633-637.

Pritchard, A. E., and E. W. Baker. 1955. A revision of the spider mite
family Tetranychidae. Pac. Coast Ent. Soc. Mem. 2:472 pp.

Tuttle, D. M. and E. W. Baker. 1968. Spider mites of the southwestern
United States. Univ. Ariz. Press, 143 pp.

34 PROC. ENT. SOC, WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971

NEW NEOTROPICAL SANDFLIES OF THE
CULICOIDES DEBILIPALPIS GROUP’

(DreTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE )

Wiis W. Wirtu, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture?

and

FRANKLIN S. BLANTON, Department of Entomology, University of Florida,
Gainesville, Florida 32601

ABSTRACT—Three new species of Neotropical Culicoides are described:
C. eadsi reared from tree holes in Texas and Mexico; C. darlingtonae taken in a
bat cave in Trinidad; and C. guerrai from light traps in Trinidad. Diagnostic
characters of C. debilipalpis Lutz and C. hoffmani Fox are summarized for com-
parison with these species.

At this time we are describing several new Culicoides related to C.
debilipalpis Lutz in order to make the names available for general re-
views of the biting midges of the West Indies and Trinidad. We wish
to thank Miss Linda Heath and Dr. Niphan Ratanaworabhan for mak-
ing the drawings.

Antennal Ratio (abbreviated AR) is the combined length of the five
elongated distal antennomeres (for convenience hereafter referred to
as segments ) divided by the combined length of the eight short preced-
ing segments. Palpal Ratio (PR) is the length of the third palpal seg-
ment divided by its greatest breadth. Proboscis/Head Ratio (P/H
Ratio) is the length of the proboscis measured from the distal end of
the labrum-epipharynx to the anterior margin of the tormae, divided
by the length measured from the anterior margin of the tormae to the
median hair socket between the eyes. Wing length is measured from
the basal arculus to the wing tip; Costal Ratio (CR) is the length of
the costa measured from the basal arculus to the tip of the second
radial cell (2RC) divided by the wing length.

Culicoides debilipalpis Lutz

Culicoides debilipalpis Lutz, 1913, Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 5:60 (female;
Brazil; figure wing); Costa Lima, 1937, idem. 32:415 (figure palpus); Macfie,
1937, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 20:7 (Trinidad; female redescribed); Forattini,
1957, Arq. Fac. Hig. S. Pub. Univ. Sio Paulo 11:383 (redescribed; figures );
Wirth and Blanton, 1959, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 109:442 (redescribed; figures ).

‘This investigation was supported in part by U.S. Army Medical Department
Contract No. DA-49-193-MD-2177.
2 Mail address: c/o U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971 35

The precise identity of C. debilipalpis has been subject to consider-
able confusion in the literature because of the lack of a description
of a male from the type series. Lutz original syntypes came from
“some females and a male from Anhemby in the State of Sao Paulo and
I collected others in Formoso (Serra de Bocaina) in evenings on horses.
They also seem to attack man.” Costa Lima figured the palpus “from
a specimen of the typical series, from Saltos de Iguassu (Parana).”
Apparently Lutz studied material from localities not mentioned orig-
inally by him. Wirth and Blanton reported on the characters of four
females from “Amazonas de Cima, 1913, Lutz’ borrowed from the
Lutz collection in the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.

Lutz’ figure of the wing of C. debilipalpis shows a very hairy wing
with two rows of macrotrichia extending to the base of the cell M2, the
distal pale spot in cell R5 distinctly transverse, the poststigmatic pale
spots with the posterior one located slightly proximad of the anterior,
and a large pale area extending from in front of the mediocubital fork
to the back side of the medial fork. Costa Lima’s two figures of the
female palpus show a sensory pit deeper than the diameter of the pore
opening. Wirth and Blanton (1. c.) added the following information
from the four females studied by them: Wing length, 0.68 mm; CR
0.62; eyes broadly separated, with short interfacetal hairs; antenna
with flagellar segments in proportion of 14-10-11-12-13-13-13-13-13-14-
15-16-22, AR 0.81; distal sensory tufts present on segments 3, 8-10;
palpal segments in proportion of 8-17-22-9-11, PR 2.2; mandible with
18-20 teeth; spermathecae measuring 0.050 by 0.034 mm and 0.043 by
0.037 mm. Forattini’s redescription appears to be partly of C. debili-
palpis as recognized here, and partly of C. hoffmani Fox (male geni-
talia, after Wirth and Blanton 1956), and C. equatoriensis Barbosa
(figure of wing), which together with C. glabrior Macfie he reduced
to synonymy with C. debilipalpis. Following the conclusions reached
in our Panama revision, we would amplify or emend our own observa-
tions of Lutz material to characterize the species as follows, the mea-
surements based on means of about 35 specimens.

Female——Moderately small, wing 0.80 mm long. Eyes moderately separated,
with very short interfacetal hairs, appearing bare in profile of eye. AR 0.83; dis-
tal sensory tufts present on antennal segments 3, 8-10. Third palpal segment long
and slender, PR 2.2, the sensory pit small and deep, with pit deeper than the
diameter of the pore opening. Mandible with 15 teeth. Scutum with moderately
prominent dark brown sublateral patches. Halter brownish. Wing moderately
hairy, the macrotrichia extending to base of cell M2 in two rows; distal pale spot
in cell R5 transverse, not filling space between anterior wing margin and vein M1,
the poststigmatic pale spots fairly close together, the posterior one located slightly
proximad of the other; one pale spot in distal part of anal cell; pale spot lying
behind medial fork distinct but the one lying in front of mediocubital fork indis-
tinct or absent. Legs with narrow pale rings subapically on fore and mid femora,

36 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971

subbasal pale rings on all tibiae; apex of hind tibia pale. Spermathecae slightly
unequal, ovoid with long, rather stout necks; measuring 0.060 by 0.039 mm and
0.050 by 0.032 mm.

Male.—Ninth sternum with broad, very shallow caudomedian excavation; ninth
tergum long and tapering with short, triangular apicolateral processes. Basistyle
with “foot-shaped” ventral root, dorsal root slender; dististyle slender and curv-
ing. Aedeagus with basal arch extending to more than two-thirds of total length,
the mesal apex of arch narrow, the basal arms straight; distal process pointed
apically without apparent subapical projections. Parameres each with knobbed
base, stem bent near base, very slender and straight in midportion, with a well
developed ventral lobe; distal portion not greatly elongated, with slender pointed
tip and 4-6 lateral fringing spines.

Our association of the male is based on rearing records in the south-
eastern United States and on specimens trapped at the same time and
place in numerous locations over the range of the species. The male
genitalia are identical with those of C. paraensis (Goeldi), which the
species closely resembles in all respects except the wing pattern, and
there is a distinct possibility that the two forms are wing pattern pheno-
types of the same species, in which case C. paraensis has priority.

C. debilipalpis occurs in the southeastern United States from Mary-
land to Florida and Louisiana, in Central America from Honduras to
Panama and in South America to Trinidad, Brazil, and Argentina. In
Texas and Mexico this species is apparently replaced by C. eadsi, new
species, and in the West Indies by C. hoffmani Fox.

Culicoides hoffmani Fox

Culicoides hoffmani Fox, 1946, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 39:251 (female; Trinidad;
biting man; fig. wing, scutal pattern); Fox, 1949, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 44:
29 (male, female; Puerto Rico, reared, tree hole; fig. palpus, spermathecae,
male genitalia); Wirth and Blanton, 1956, Jour. Washington Acad. Sci. 46:189
(male, female redescribed; distribution; fig. wing, scutum, palpus, spermathecae,
tibial comb, male genitalia); Linley and Kettle, 1964, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.
Ser. 13, 7:129 (Jamaica; larva, pupa; figs. ).

Our separation of the female of C. hoffmani from that of C. debili-
palpis is made on the basis of the following characterization of females

of C. hoffmani from Puerto Rico and Jamaica, where C. debilipalpis
does not occur:

Female.—Slightly smaller than C. debilipalpis, wing 0.76 mm long. Eyes mod-
erately separated, with longer interfacetal hairs than in C. debilipalpis. Third
palpal segment shorter and broader, PR 1.6. Wing not as hairy, the macrotrichia
in cell M2 rarely extending to base of cell, usually confined to apical half of wing;
poststigmatic pale spots in cell R5 usually more widely separated and not so
obliquely located. Spermathecae subequal to very slightly unequal, measuring
0.048 by 0.034 mm and 0.043 by 0.031 mm.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971 3”

So eae ai ia =n a

Fig. 1, Culicoides eadsi, n. sp.: a, female antenna; b, female wing; c, female
eye separation; d, female palpus; e, female hind femur and tibia; f, female
spermathecae; g, male parameres; h, male genitalia, parameres removed.

Male.—Genitalia quite distinctive: Aedeagus with basal arms relatively stout,
distal portion stout with three strongly sclerotized distal points. Parameres each
with slender midportion without ventral lobe.

Distribution —Dominica, Jamaica, Panama, Puerto Rico, St. Lucia,
Trinidad, Virgin Islands.

Culicoides eadsi Wirth and Blanton, n. sp.
(Fig. 1)

Female —Length of wing 0.81 mm.

Head: Eyes (fig. Ic) broadly separated, with short interfacetal hairs. An-
tenna (fig. la) with lengths of flagellar segments in proportion of 25-20-22-25-
25-25-25-26-26-26-28-28-43, AR 0.78; no sharp increase in lengths of segments in
distal series; distal sensory tufts prominent, located on segments 3, 8-10. Palpal
segments (fig. 1d) with lengths in proportion of 15-30-42-13-15, PR 2.8; third
segment moderately swollen, with a small, deep sensory pit opening by a round
pore. Proboscis moderately long, P/H Ratio 0.83; mandible with 15 teeth.

Thorax: Brownish, scutum as seen in slide mounted specimens without con-
spicuous pattern. Legs brown, knee spots blackish; fore and mid femora with
narrow subapical pale rings, all tibiae with narrow subbasal pale rings, and hind
tibia with distal fourth pale; hind tibial comb with four spines, the second from
the spur longest (fig. le).

38 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, No. 1, MARCH, 1971

Wing (fig. 1b): Pattern as figured; distal pale spot in cell R5 transverse, the
two poststigmatic pale spots separated, the posterior one located slightly proximad
of the other; distal pale spot in anal cell slightly angular; distinct pale spots
present behind medial fork and in front of mediocubital fork. CR 0.57; 2 RC
narrow but with distinct lumen; macrotrichia moderately numerous on distal half
of wing and extending in a double line to base of cell M2. Halter dark.

Abdomen: Dark brown. Spermathecae (fig. 1f) unequal, measuring 0.052 by
0.030 mm and 0.042 by 0.025 mm, oval; the necks relatively long, stout, and
slightly tapering.

Male.—Similar to the female, with the usual sexual differences, antennal plume
well developed. Genitalia (fig. 1h): Ninth sternum with well developed caudo-
median excavation, the ventral membrane not spiculate; ninth tergum moderately
long and tapering, apicolateral processes short and angular with sharp apical point,
the caudal margin between them slightly notched. Basistyle with ventral root
“foot-shaped,” dorsal root slender and pointed; dististyle quite slender, only
slightly curved, with bent, pointed tip. Aedeagus with basal arch extending to
about half of total length, basal arms relatively stout and nearly straight; distal
portion broad and stout, slightly tapered to broad truncated apex bearing five
distal points, the median one distinctly larger and blunter. Parameres (fig. 1g)
each with distinct basal knob, main portion long and slender, bent near base,
with a distinct ventral lobe distally, distal portion abruptly bent ventromesad,
tapering to slender point with 4—5 lateral fringing spines.

Distribution —Mexico, southern Texas.

Types.—Holotype female, allotype male, Cameron Co., Texas, 25
October 1964, R. B. Eads, reared from tree hole (Type no. 70639,
USNM). Paratypes, 40 males, 55 females, same data but also with
dates June to October 1963, some with associated larvae and pupae.

Other Specimens Examined—MEXICO: Acaponeta, Nayarit, 15
August 1960, Arnaud, Ross and Rentz, biting man, 7 females; Alamos
(5 mi w), Sonora, 14 August 1959, Werner and Nutting, light trap, 2
females; El Salto, San Luis Potosi, G. W. Byers, biting man, 10 females;
Hermosillo, Sonora, 8 August 1960, Arnaud, Ross and Rentz, biting
man, 4 females; Merida, Yucatan, 31 July 1964, P. J. Spangler, light
trap, 8 males, 32 females; Perico (26 mi n), Sonora, 13 August 1960,
Arnaud, Ross and Rentz, biting man, 3 females.

Discussion.—This species is named in honor of Dr. Richard B. Eads
of the U.S. Public Health Service who has collected Culicoides for us
extensively in the Brownsville area of the Texas Rio Grande Valley.
The several reared series of C. eadsi has helped us immensely in clarify-
ing the taxonomic status of C. debilipalpis Lutz, C. hoffmani Fox, and
this seemingly intermediate species.

Culicoides eadsi is intermediate in female characters between C.
debilipalpis which has a slender third palpal segment, spermathecae un-
equal in size, more abundant wing macrotrichia, and more obliquely
placed poststigmatic pale spots, and C. hoffmani, in which the third
palpal segment is shorter and broader, the spermathecae subequal in

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971 39

size, both small, the wing macrotrichia sparser, and the poststigmatic
pale spots usually located further apart and more in line transversely.
The male genitalia of C. eadsi are practically identical with those of
C. hoffmani, but the latter species lacks the ventral lobe on the para-
meres. The relative development and ventrally bent position of the
sublateral pair of distal points on the aedeagus is subject to some varia-
tion in both C. hoffmani and C. eadsi, and in both species individuals
are often found in which only three prominent distal points are ap-
parent. The pupal respiratory horn of C. eadsi is practically identical
with that described for C. hoffmani by Linley and Kettle (1964, Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. 13, 7:129-149).

The available data show that this species is apparently allopatric
with the closely related C. debilipalpis and C. hoffmani. C. debili-
palpis has a wide range, in the eastern United States from Maryland
to Florida and Louisiana, then skipping Texas and Mexico and ap-
pearing again from Honduras through Central and South America and
Trinidad to Argentina. C. hoffmani is found in the West Indies from
Jamaica and Puerto Rico south to Trinidad and appearing again in
Panama. Much of the published distribution of these two species has
been confused by possibly erroneous determinations of the females
which are very difficult to separate and apparently overlap somewhat
in the ranges of some characters. The above distribution includes only
localities represented by males which can be easily distinguished. The
females of all three species readily bite man, and the males are seldom
taken except by light traps and treehole rearings. Therefore much of
the distribution must remain questionable until documented by male
records.

Culicoides darlingtonae Wirth and Blanton, n. sp.
(Fig. 2)

Female.—Length of wing 0.86 mm.

Head: Eyes (fig. 2c) narrowly separated, with short interfacetal hairs. An-
tenna (fig. 2a) with lengths of flagellar segments in proportion of 22-18-22-27-
27-27-28-28-29-30-32-30-50, AR 0.86, segments thus in a continuous series of
gradually increasing lengths; distal sensory tufts present on segments 3, 8-10.
Palpal segments (fig. 2d) with lengths in proportion of 10-25-30-12-13, PR 2.1;
third segment considerably swollen its entire length, with a shallow, round sen-
sory pit. Proboscis moderately short, P/H Ratio 0.76; mandible with 16 very fine
teeth.

Thorax: Dark brown, scutal pattern not discernible in slide specimens. Legs
brown, knee spots blackish, all tibiae with narrow basal pale rings; hind tibial
comb with four spines, the one nearest the spur longest.

Wing (fig. 2b): Pattern as figured; second radial cell included in a dark spot to its
apex; pale spot lying over r-m crossvein large and extending to costal margin; cell R5
with two slightly contiguous poststigmatic pale spots, the posterior one located
slightly proximad, a large transverse pale spot in distal portion of cell, broadly meet-

40 PROG. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971

Fig. 2, Culicoides darlingtonae, n. sp.: a, female antenna; b, female wing; c,
female eye separation; d, female palpus; e, female spermathecae; f, male para-
meres; g, male genitalia, parameres removed.

ing anterior wing margin and distinctly concave on distal side; cell M1 with two
pale spots; cell M2 with small pale spot lying behind medial fork and another in
front of mediocubital fork, a large rounded pale spot at wing margin; cell M4
with a large pale spot in distal portion; anal cell with a double pale spot in dis-
tal portion; apices of veins M1, M2, M3 + 4 and Cul without pale spots at wing
margin. CR 0.61; 2RC with narrow lumen; macrotrichia sparse, mostly in rows,
confined to distal third of wing. Halter infuscated.

Abdomen: Blackish. Spermathecae (fig. 2e) two plus rudimentary third and
sclerotized ring; the two functional ones oval with long slender necks; slightly
unequal, measuring 0.051 by 0.033 mm and 0.043 by 0.032 mm.

Male.—Similar to the female with the usual sexual differences; antennal plume
well developed; sensory tufts present on antennal segments 3 and 12; last three
segments with lengths in proportion of 60-50-60. Genitalia (fig. 2g): Ninth
sternum with scarcely perceptible caudomedian excavation, the ventral membrane
not spiculate; ninth tergum moderately long, tapering, with moderately long,
pointed, apicolateral processes, the caudal margin between them nearly straight.
Basistyle moderately stout, ventral root with posterior hook not well-developed,
the anterior point moderately stout, dorsal root longer and more slender; dististyle
slender, curving to bent, pointed tip. Aedeagus with basal arch broader than high,
basal arms slender and curving; distal portion short and tapering to simple tip,
flanked by a pair of appressed, lateral leaves. Parameres (fig. 2£) each with
strong basal knob, slender and nearly straight in midportion, with a low ventral
lobe near tip, beyond which it is greatly narrowed and twisted ventromesad to
filamentous tip without fringing spines.

Distribution.—Trinidad.

Types.—Holotype female, allotype male, Tamana Caves, Trinidad,
17 November 1966, Johanna Darlington (Type no. 70643, USNM).
Paratypes, 9 males, 12 females, same data.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971 4]

Discussion —This species is dedicated to Miss Johanna Darling-
ton of the University of the West Indies in St. Augustine, Trinidad, who
collected the type series. She writes: “They appear in fairly large
numbers (150-700 in an hour) in light trap samples from both upper
and deep parts of the main cave. Both parts contain dense bat roosts
and beds of guano. We have tried unsucessfully to rear the flies from
samples of moist guano. Small stagnant pools in the upper part have
yielded numerous psychodids but no ceratopogonids. I think that moist
guano is the more likely breeding site, as there is no stagnant water in
the deep part. I have no evidence as to whether or not the adult flies
take blood from the bats, but they do not attempt to bite humans.”

C. darlingtonae is closely related to C. debilipalpis Lutz and C. hoff-
mani Fox, both of which are common in Trinidad in the forest. The
wing is not as hairy as in debilipalpis, and the distal pale spot in cell
R5 reaches the anterior wing margin and is concave on the distal side;
the third palpal segment is broader, much as in hoffmani. The male
genitalia can readily be distinguished by the short aedeagus with broad
basal arch and the very short distal process with appressed lateral
leaves, the parameres are much as in debilipalpis, but the slender distal
portion is more tightly twisted and appressed to the ventral lobe and
there are no fringing distal spines.

Culicoides guerrai Wirth and Blanton, n. sp.
(Fig. 3)

Female.—Length of wing 0.95 mm.

Head: Eyes (fig. 3c) narrowly separated, nearly contiguous, with short inter-
facetal hairs. Antenna (fig. 3a) with lengths of flagellar segments in proportion
of 30-25-28-30-30-30-30-32-32-33-35-32-60, AR 0.83; segments long, slender,
tapering, in nearly a continuous series of gradually increasing lengths, penultimate
segment unusually short; distal sensory tufts present on segments 3, 8-10 (2
each), with strong fringing setae. Palpal segments (fig. 3d) with lengths in
proportion of 10-25-38-12-12, PR 2.1; third segment considerably swollen, with
a round, shallow sensory pit. Proboscis short, P/H Ratio 0.67; mandible with 15
teeth.

Thorax: Dark brown, scutal pattern not discernible in slide specimens. Legs
brown, knee spots blackish; tibiae with narrow basal and hind tibia with apical
pale bands; hind tibial comb with four spines, the second from the spur longest.

Wing (fig. 3b): Pattern as figured; second radial cell included in a very dark
spot to its apex; pale spot over r-m crossvein extending to costal margin; cell R5
with a small round poststigmatic pale spot lying at tip of 2RC, and a contiguous,
longitudinal, arcuate pale spot lying just behind 2RC, a small, transverse pale
spot in distal part of cell not meeting anterior wing margin; cell M1 with two
pale spots; cell M2 with a faint pale spot lying behind medial fork but none lying
in front of mediocubital fork, a small round pale spot lying at wing margin in
tip of cell; cell M4 with a small round pale spot in distal portion; anal cell with a
single pale spot in distal portion; apices of veins M1, M2, M3 + 4 and Cul without

42, PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971

Fig. 3, Culicoides guerrai, n. sp.: a, female antenna; b, female wing; c, fe-
male eye separation; d, female palpus; e, female spermathecae; f, male parameres;
g, male genitalia, parameres removed.

pale spots at wing margin. CR 0.62; 2RC with moderately broad lumen; macro-
trichia strong but moderately sparse, confined to distal third of wing. Halter
brownish.

Abdomen: Dark brown. Spermatheca (fig. 3e) single, oval with a long slender
sclerotized neck; measuring 0.072 by 0.038 mm.

Male.—Similar to the female with the usual sexual differences; antennal plume
well developed, brownish; sensory tufts present on antennal segments 3, 10-12,
last three segments with lengths in proportion of 56-48-60. Genitalia (fig. 3g):
Ninth sternum with broad, deep, caudomedian excavation, the ventral membrane
not spiculate; ninth tergum long and tapering, apicolateral processes small, slen-
der and pointed, the caudal margin between them nearly straight. Aedeagus with
basal arch extending to about two-fifths of total length, the basal arms slightly
curved; distal portion a long, slightly tapering process with bifid tip, the apical
points sharp and slightly flaring, also a pair of small, sharp, subapical lateral
points, and a small, sharp, median point at tip. Parameres (fig. 3f) each with
strong basal knob, midportion quite slender and distinctly curved, swollen at
about midlength or slightly past, bent caudad at the swelling and narrowed, then
twisted ventromesad and drawn out into a filamentous tip.

Distribution Trinidad.

Types.—Holotype male, Tucker Valley, Trinidad, 10 August 1956,
T. H. G. Aitken, light trap (Type no. 70644, USNM). Allotype fe-
male, same except 22 November 1957. Paratypes, 4 males, 9 females,
as follows: TRINIDAD: Same data as type, some with date October
1955, 3 males, 5 females; Chaguaramas Naval Station, 2 November
1956, 1 female; Macqueripe Naval Station, 27 October 1955, 11 January
1956, 14 February 1958, 25 April 1958, 1 male, 3 females; all collected
by T. H. G. Aitken in light traps.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971 43

Discussion.—This species is named for Mr. Ambrose Guerra of the
Trinidad Virus Research Laboratory of the Rockefeller Foundation in
appreciation for his collection of much of the Trinidad material studied
by Dr. Aitken and ourselves.

Culicoides guerrai differs from the other known species of the debili-
palpis group in the presence of the arcuate longitudinal poststigmatic
pale spot in cell R5 of the wing. The male genitalia are also very dis-
tinctive in the unusual shapes of the aedeagus and parameres.

NEW HYMENOPTERAN ENEMIES OF ANTHIDIUM
MACULOSUM CRESSON

(HYMENOPTERA: MEGACHILIDAE )

Leucospis affinis Say is known to be a parasite of Anthidium maculosum Cresson
(Parker and Bohart, 1966, Pan-Pac. Ent. 42(2):91-98). Two newly associated
enemies of A. maculosum were reared by Schuh (pers. comm.) from several
wooden trap-nest blocks set out in 1964 at Montague, Siskiyou County, California.

Each block was made of seven 2 cm thick wooden boards bolted together to
form a finished size of 14 x 36 x 9 cm. Approximately 90 holes of 0.47 to 0.95
cm diameter were drilled to a depth of 7.6 cm. The mixed hole sizes were evenly
spaced in a linear pattern six holes down and 17 or 18 holes across the face of the
nest block. They were fastened to fence posts and other upright objects 0.90-1.20
m off the ground. Approximately 150 A. maculosum and 10 specimens of the
following two newly associated parasites were reared from these blocks.

Determinations were made by Drs. R. M. Bohart (Chrysis), A. A. Grigarick
( Anthidium ), University of California, Davis, and me (Dioxys). I wish to thank
Joe Schuh, Klamath Falls, Oregon, for setting out and collecting the trap-nest
blocks, and for rearing the insects. All specimens are in his personal collection.

Dioxys aurifusea (Titus) (Megachilidae)—One specimen of this parasitic
bee was reared from a nest of A. maculosum. Hurd (1958, Univ. Calif. Pub. Ent.
14(4):275-302) stated that Cockerell recorded D. aurifusca found at Golden,
Colorado in a nest of cottony tomentum, evidently made by a species of Anthidium.
However, this was an unconfirmed association. The rearing record from Montague,
California now confirms the relationship. Hurd also suggested a probable affilia-
tion between D. aurifusca and Callanthidium illustre (Cresson). Because of
the large size of the parasitic bee, its comparable distribution with Callanthidium,
and the similar nesting habits of Anthidium and Callanthidium, this association is
possible but unconfirmed.

Chrysis tripartita Aaron (Chrysididae )—Nine specimens of this chrysidid were
also reared from nests of A. maculosum by Schuh. Grigarick and Stange (1968,
Bull. Calif. Ins. Surv. 9:1—113) listed this species and C. coloradica Bohart as
parasites of A. collectum Huard. They also listed C. florissanticola Rohwer as
a parasite of A. banningense Cockerell. Custer (1928, Ent. News 39:123-125)
recorded A. porterae Cockerell as a host for C. lauta Cresson. These four chrysidid
species are in the lauta group of Chrysis, as defined by Bohart (1964, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Wash. 77:223-236 )—DonaLp S. Horninc, Jr., Department of Zoology, Uni-
versity of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.

44 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971

A NEW GENUS OF ORIBATID MITE
(CRYPTOSTIGMATA: ORIBATELLIDAE )

WitiiAM B. Grasowsk1, Zoology Department, Colorado State University,
Fort Collins, Colorado 80521

ABSTRACT—Ferolocella, n. gen., is proposed for Oribatella carolina Banks,
1947. This genus departs from Oribatella in having greatly reduced mesial dentes
and the posterior reflection of the translamella to form a box. Other features
which differ from those characteristic for Oribatella are discussed.

The family Oribatellidae as established by Jacot (1925) was partially
reviewed by Woolley (1958) and this review completed by Grabowski
(1967). During this investigation, I found a specimen identified by
Banks (1947) as belonging to the type genus Oribatella. It was des-
ignated Oribatella carolina Banks, 1947. Detailed study of the speci-
mens has shown that this oribatid does not fit the characteristics set
forth for the genus, although its inclusion in the Oribatellidae is valid.

Ferolocella, n. gen.

Type-species: Oribatella carolina Banks, 1947.

The translamella in this oribatid is reflected posteriorly under the
dorsosejugal suture to form a box or cell-like structure. Certain modi-
fications of the lamellae also set this representative apart from Oriba-
tella.

The name is derived from the Latin feros, to bear or carry, and
locella, a tiny box or cell.

Ferolocella carolina (Banks), n. comb.

(Figs. 1-6)
Oribatella carolina Banks, 1947, Psyche 54(2):112.

Lamellar cusps broad, distinctly striated; lateral dentes pointed, mesal dentes
greatly reduced and pointed; auxiliary dens (“aux,” fig. 3) arises laterally to
mesal dens; lamellar cleft triangular posteriorly; lamellar hairs medium length,
thin, barbed, originating between mesal and auxiliary dentes; interlamellar hairs
thin, pectinate, extending just beyond tips of lateral dentes; lateral arms of trans-
lamella reflected posteriorly and extending underneath dorsosejugal suture form-
ing prominent cell-like configuration (figs. 2, 3); pseudostigmatic organ long,
fusiform, barbed.

Hysterosoma broader than long, dorsum finely punctate; pteromorphs short,
shallowly decurved, with finely striated anterolateral borders; eight pairs of short,
simple setae, no porose areas (fig. 1).

Camerostome (fig. 2) rectangular in outline with curved posterolateral margins;
one pair of mental setae, rutellar setae located in posterolateral corners (fig. 4);

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971 4)

Figs. 1-3, Ferolocella carolina (Banks): 1, dorsal view, legs omitted, stipled
area indicates fine punctations on dorsum of hysterosoma; 2, ventral view, legs
omitted, dots indicate setal insertions; 3, detail of lamellar and translamella mor-
phology (aux = auxiliary mesal dens).

46 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971

Figs. 4-6, Ferolocella carolina (Banks )
ments and their setation, and pl
enlarged view of palp tarsus; 6,
morphology of setae.

: 4, detail of infracapitulum, palp seg-
acement of mental and rutellar setae; 5, greatly
tibia and tarsus, leg I, showing placement and

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971 47

adoral setae not visible on any specimens observed; chelicerae chelate; setation of
pedipalp as given in fig. 4; palp tarsus with seven setae, solenidion placed an-
teriorly (fig. 5).

Ventral surface of hysterosoma finely punctate; placement of coxisternal setae
as given in fig. 2; coxisternal setae 2b-c not evident in any specimens examined;
genital plate with six pairs of short, simple setae (fig. 2): gi and ge far anterior on
leading edge of each cover, g; and g; anterior and in a line running obliquely laterad
from ge, gs and ge posterior and in a line running obliquely mesad towards opening;
one pair of short aggenital setae; anal plate with two pairs of setae, three pairs of
adanal setae laterad and posterior to plate, fissure “iad” just anterior to each cover
(fige2)):

All legs tridactylous, lateral tynes very thin; subtarsals, subinguinals, and in-
guinals of tarsus one all distinctly barbed on one side, famulus setose and elongate
(fig. 6).

Color, pale yellow; length, 275.5 «, width, 190.5 uw. Specimens supplied by Dr.
Louis G. Metz, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. I collected four speci-
mens five miles west of Huntington, Wayne County, West Virginia, 5 June 1967,
in damp moss on a rock overhanging a seepage area, and in moist oak litter mixed
with topsoil.

This species is not a valid member of the genus Oribatella for the
following reasons: (1) the mesal dentes on each lamellar cusp are
greatly reduced and spinous, (2) an auxiliary mesal dens is present,
and (3) the translamella is reflected posteriorly to form a box con-
figuration. Members of the genus Oribatella possess lamellar cusps
which are deeply bifid, dentes which may be slightly subequal but
neither mesal nor lateral dentes are greatly reduced in size, and a
translamella that extends laterally and posteriorly from the lamellar
cleft to the pseudostigmata without becoming reflected upon itself.

The apparent absence of adoral setae and coxisternal setae 2b-c
cannot be explained at this time owing to lack of information concern-
ing the developmental stages in this family. Reports concerning the
presence or absence of porose areas in this family have been inconsist-
ent throughout the literature (Grabowski, 1967). I consider the lateral
displacement of the rutellar setae rather unusual when compared to
the more central orientation of these setae in other members of the
family.

REFERENCES

Banks, N. 1947. On some Acarina from North Carolina. Psyche 54(2):110-
141.

Grabowski, W. B. 1967. <A review of the family Oribatellidae (Acari: Crypto-
stigmata). Ph.D. Thesis, Colorado State University. 131 p. (Diss. Abstr.
#67-13,196).

Woolley, T. A. 1958. Redescriptions of Ewing’s Oribatid Mites, VII, Family
Oribatellidae (Acarina: Oribatei). Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc. 77:135-146.

48 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, No. 1, MARCH, 1971

THE SUBGENUS TRITOLESTES GHESQUIERE OF THE GENUS
CRYPTOCHETUM RONDANI WITH A NEW SPECIES
FROM PAKISTAN

(DreTERA: CRYPTOCHETIDAE )

GrEorRGE C. STEYSKAL, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture!

ABSTRACT—The subgenus Tritolestes of the genus Cryptochetum is shown
to consist of 5 species, 4 from Africa and C. (T.) ghanii, new species, from
Karachi, Pakistan, and a key to the species is given.

The family Cryptochetidae consists of the single genus Cryptochetum
Rondani (1875:167). The name of the genus has usually been spelled
Cryptochaetum, but Rondani’s original spelling on page 167 and in the
index on page 190 was with the simple “e”, although on page 172 it is
spelled Cryptochoetum. Ghesquiére (1942:405) established the sub-
genus Tritolestes for species with the frontal triangle acutely pointed
anteriorly and not attaining the frontal margin. He included the 2
species C. melanum Ghesquicre and C. aspidoprocti Ghesquiere and
designated the former as type of the subgenus. The name melanum
should be emended to melan because the gender forms of that adjective
are melas (masc.), melaena (fem.), and melan (neuter). In a paper
that appeared only the year before Ghesquiere’s, Thorpe (1941) de-
scribed 2 new species, C. striatum and C. idiocerum, without reference
to subgenera. It is obvious however that those 2 species should be re-
ferred to Tritolestes.

The following new species is very similar to the type of Tritolestes,
and represents the first record of a species of that subgenus from out-
side Africa.

Cryptochetum (Tritolestes) ghanii, n. sp.

(Figs. 1-4)

Female. Length of body 1.3-1.4 mm, of wing 1.07-1.18 mm. Color generally
more or less shining black, only tarsi yellowish; thorax and frontal triangle with
slight dark bluish glint; abdomen rather strongly metallic greenish to bluish; front
outside triangle matt black; face and antenna grayish tomentose; wing hyaline;
all bristles and hairs black.

Head as in figs. 1 and 2; frontal triangle abruptly narrowed forward to aculeate
point not attaining anterior frontal margin; antenna 2.4 times as long as wide,
elliptical, with subapical dorsal spinule; cheeks very narrow, scarcely apparent in
profile, bearing several short bristles; eyes with short sparse hairs.

‘Mail address: c/o U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971 49

] mm
ee

Figs. 1-4, Cryptochetum (Tritolestes) ghanii, n. sp.: 1, head in profile; 2,
same, dorsal view; 3, lateral and ventral views of female postabdomen; 4, right

wing (dotted line indicates position of ta in one paratype).

Thorax as in most species of the genus; mesoscutum covered with rather dense
short hairs, those in middle approximately 0.035 mm long. Legs without distinc-
tive characters; tarsal segments of fore leg from base distad as 3.7, 1.3, 1.0, 0.8,
ED

Wing as in fig. 4; tip of discal cell convex because tp is bent outward or at
least somewhat retracted before meeting 5th vein; costa hardly surpassing tip of

50 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971

3rd vein; length of tp not more than 1% that of last section of 5th vein; 3rd and
Ath veins arcuate and divergent, their tips 2.3 times as far apart as width of sub-
marginal cell at tp.

Abdomen without apparent distinctive characters; postabdomen as in fig. 3
(drawn in water from preparation macerated in NaOH solution).

Holotype and 5 paratypes, 2, Karachi, Pakistan, 13 August 1969 (M.
A. Ghani), ex scale insect Icerya seychellarum (Westwood) on grass
Cynodon dactylon Rich., no. 70849 in U.S. National Museum; right
wings of holotype and 2 paratypes on microscope slides in euparal,
postabdomen of holotype in glycerine in microvial attached to pin
bearing remainder of specimen.

I am pleased to dedicate the name of the species to its collector. C.
ghanii is apparently most similar to the type of the subgenus Tritolestes,
C. melan Ghesquiere, differing as shown in the key below.

Key TO SpEcIES OF Cryptochetum SuBsGENus Tritolestes

1 (2) Area of front adjacent to frontal triangle with broad zone of fine striae
parallel to margins of triangle; shortest distance between ocelli greater than
shortest distance from ocellus to margin of triangle; 3rd antennal segment
not tapering, with acute anterior apex, 2.3 times as long as wide, not attaining
level of lower margin of eye; wing with costa extending to 4th vein, 3rd and
4th veins parallel distally, anterior distal corner of discal cell 110°, tp equal
in length to last section of 5th vein; length of body 2.75 mm, of wing 1.9 mm
SG eS a EE ee ee a ae ee C. striatum Thorpe

bo

(1) Front without striation; shortest distance between ocelli less than shortest
distance from ocellus to margin of triangle; antenna rounded apically, either
strongly tapering and extending below level of lower margin of eye or oval
and not attaining level of lower margin of eye; wing venation and size various.

wy)

(4) Third antennal segment 3.6 times as long as wide, strongly tapering to
narrow rounded tip ventrad of lower margin of eye; wing with costa extend-
ing no more than slightly beyond 3rd vein, 3rd and 4th veins arcuate, gently
diverging, anterior distal corner of discal cell rectangular, tp % length of
last section of 5th vein; large species, body length 5 mm, wing length nearly
£05 21) ¢ 1 pee a aR earn Mend Rey pa dene IRS 2 Dione Ee C. idiocerum Thorpe

4 (3) Third antennal segment oval or elliptical, not more than 2.5 times as
long as wide, not attaining level of lower margin of eye; wing venation
various; smaller species, length of body not more than 2.2 mm.

14

(6) Costa attenuate beyond tip of 3rd vein, but attaining 4th vein; 4th vein
sinuate, distally parallel to 3rd vein; anterior distal corner of discal cell
130°; tp a little longer than last section of 5th vein; length of body 2.1-2.2

mm, of wing ? (known only from male) —---- C. aspidoprocti Ghesquiére

6 (5) Costa at most slightly exceeding 3rd vein; 3rd and 4th veins gently
arcuate, divergent; anterior distal corner of discal cell approximately 100°;
tp much shorter than last section of 5th vein; length of body not more than
1.6 mm (known only from females).

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971 dl

7 (8) Tp ¥% length of last section of 5th vein; tip of discal cell concave, lower
corner acute; length of body 1.4-1.6 mm, of wing ? (Congo) —-_.
ene ee es ee tS C. melan Ghesquiére

8 (7) Tp approximately 4 length of last section of 5th vein; tip of discal cell
convex, lower corner obtuse; length of body 1.3-1.4 mm, of wing 1.07-1.18

mimameenastalebakistan)) f.-. 0 - 6 ws. C. ghanii, n. sp.

REFERENCES

Ghesquiére, J. 1942. Recherches sur les Diptéres d’Afrique. II. Notice mono-
graphique sur les Muscoides Cryptochaetidae, parasites de Coccides Mono-
phlebinae. Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 36:390-410.

Rondani, C. 1875. Species italicae ordinis dipterorum (Muscariae Rndn. )
collectae et observatae. Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital. 7: 166-191.

Thorpe, W. H. 1941. A description of six new species of the genus Crypto-
chaetum (Diptera-Agromyzidae) from East Africa and East Indies; together
with a key to the adults and larvae of all known species. Parasitology 33:
131-148.

A NOTE ON THE SYNONYMY OF
ANTISSOPS DENTICULATA ENDERLEIN

(DirerERA: STRATIOMYIDAE )

In 1914, Enderlein erected the genus Antissops on the basis of a single male
specimen from Costa Rica which he described as Antissops denticulata. Apparently
Enderlein was unsure of the correct placement of this genus and after including it
in the subfamily Pachygastrinae, he later (Enderlein, 1920) transferred it to the
Beridinae. At this time he added a second species, Antissops barbiellinii, which
had been previously described by Bezzi in 1908, as Allognosta barbiellinii.

In association with my studies on the Stratiomyidae of Mexico, I found a speci-
men from the state of Chiapas in Mexico that had been identified as Antissops
denticulata but which was remarkably similar to another species, Berismyia fusca,
which had been described by Giglio-Tos in 1893.

With the gracious assistance of Frau A. Draber-Monko of the Institute of Zoology
at the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw, I was able to determine that except
for sexual differences, the type of Antissops denticulata and the specimen from
Chiapas, Mexico, are conspecific and therefore, Antissops denticulata Enderlein
must be considered as a junior synonym of Berismyia fusca Giglio-Tos.

On the basis of Enderlein’s illustration of the wing and antenna of Antissops
barbiellinii (= Allognosta barbiellinii Bezzi) I am reasonably confident that this
species is not congeneric with Antissops (= Berismyia) but final disposition must
await examination of the holotype.

Information Paper, College of Agriculture, Washington State University. Work
was conducted under Projects 9043 and 1939. The author is indebted to the Na-
tional Science Foundation Grant GB-15774 for partial financial support of this
project—M. W. McFappen, Department of Entomology, Washington State Uni-
versity, Pullman, Washington 99163.

52 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, No. 1, MARCH, 1971

THE OVERWINTERING OF SOME MUSCOIDEAN DIPTERA
IN THE AMHERST AREA OF MASSACHUSETTS

LisA DonpERO, Department of Entomology, University of Georgia,
Athens, Georgia 30601

and

FRANK R. SHaw, Department of Entomology, University of Massachusetts,
Amherst, Massachusetts 01002

ABSTRACT—Collections of adult flies in the Amherst area of Massachusetts
from Oct. 4, 1968 to March 20, 1969 showed that Pollenia rudis (F.) (the cluster
fly), Phormia regina (Meig.) (the black blow fly), Pararicia pascuorum (Meig.),
Muscina assimilis (Fallén) and Lispocephala alma (Meig.) all overwintered in
the adult stage in unheated attics or similar places and were present in a descend-
ing series in that order.

A number of entomologists including Hewitt (1915), Kisliuk (1917),
Roberts (1930) and Wallis (1962), have discussed the overwintering
of some of the higher Diptera but no published data are available on
this subject in the Amherst area of Massachusetts.

In order to obtain some information on the overwintering of flies in
the Amherst area, three buildings were selected and collections were
made preferably in the afternoon following a warm day. The flies
would collect at the windows of attics and could be readily captured.
The greatest number of flies was collected from a house in Amherst
70-80 years old. Comparatively few flies were taken in a recently built
house in Hadley and the collection of flies from the third building, a
school in Cushman, was reduced by an application of an insecticide
in the early fall. However, by November, the effects of the treatment
had apparently worn off and a population of flies had built up.

The flies were taken to the laboratory and identified.1_ The data ob-
tained appear in Table 1. The two species most commonly found were
the cluster fly (Pollenia rudis (F.)) and the black blow fly (Phormia
regina (Meig.)). It is of interest that 22.4 per cent of all the cluster
flies were taken at the Cushman School which had been sprayed in
the early fall.

In previous seasons collections from the house in Amherst, a few
houseflies Musca domestica L. and Musca autumnalis De Geer, were
collected in the fall. No house flies were found in the spring and the
number of face flies was less than that of Muscina assimilis (Fallén).

1 We wish to acknowledge the assistance of Drs. R. J. Gagné and C. W. Sabrosky
for the identification of some of the specimens.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, No. 1, MARCH, 1971 53

Table 1. Number of flies collected in attics of buildings in 3 locations in
Amherst area of Massachusetts

Species and Abundance of Flies

Date P. rudis P. regina P. pascuorum M. assimilis L. alma Total

10—-4-68

Amherst 18 27 6 0 0) 51
10-13-68

Amherst 22. AT OA 0 0) 96
10-19-68

Amherst 13 49 16 1 0) 79
10-27-68

Amherst 23 53 32 5 0 113
11-3-68

Amherst 21 iL 13 0) 0) 35
11-4-68

Cushman 50 2 10 1 i 64
11-8-68

Hadley 1 1 0 0 0 2}
1-14-69

Cushman 33 3 10 0 0 46
2-23-69

Amherst Til 9 8 8 2 38
3-20-69

Amherst 31 8 5 7 0) 51
Total 223 200 127 22, 3 575

In conclusion, collections of adult flies taken from October 4, 1968 to
March 20, 1969 showed that the cluster fly, the black blow fly, Pararicia
pascuorum (Meig.), Muscina assimilis and Lispocephala alma ( Meig. )
all overwintered as adults in attics in the Amherst area of Massachu-
setts. Their abundance is indicated in a descending series.

REFERENCES

Hewitt, C. G. 1915. Notes on the pupation of the house fly and its mode of
overwintering. Can. Ent. 47:73-8.

Kisluik, M., Jr. 1917. Some winter observations of muscid flies. Ohio J. Sci.
17:285-94.

Roberts, R. A. 1930. The wintering habits of muscoid flies in Iowa. Ann. Ent.
Soc. Amer. 23:784-92.

Wallis, R. C. 1962. Overwintering activity of the blowfly, Phormia regina
(Meig.). Ent. News 73:1-5.

54 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971

NORTH AMERICAN SCIARIDAE, If. A NEW SPECIES
OF EUGNORISTE FROM TEXAS*
( DipTERA )

WaLLace A. STEFFAN, B. P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii 96818

ABSTRACT—A new sciarid, Eugnoriste planiforeeps Steffan, from Texas is
described and figured. The adults were found on flowers of Prosopis glandulosa.

The genus Eugnoriste is largely restricted to the Nearctic and Neo-
tropical regions with one species, Eugnoriste capensis Steffan (1967)
known from South Africa. The following new species from Big Bend
National Park, Texas, was sent to me for identification by Dr. R. Gagne,
U.S. Department of Agriculture. Two other species are known from
North America, E. occidentalis Coquillett (1896) and E. brevirostris
Coquillett (1904). One species, E. pernitens Edwards (1941), is known
from Brazil.

Eugnoriste planiforceps, n. sp.

(Fig. 1)

This species is easily distinguished from other Eugnoriste by the flattened disti-
mere, the divided lobes of tergum X, and other characters mentioned below.

Male. Head (fig. la). Interfacetal hairs abundant, extending slightly beyond
outer curvature of facets; eye bridge 3 facets wide. Anterior vertex bare. An-
tenna: flagellomeres with distinct necks, hairs less than 44 width, hyaline sensilla
apparently absent; flagellomere 4 (fig. 1b) about 1.4 times longer than wide, flagel-
lomeres 7-8 on right antenna partially fused in holotype. Prefrons with 13 short
setae roughly arranged in three groups. Clypeus with 11 short setae. Labium
elongate, about 0.21 length of fore femur with numerous very short spicules.
Proboscis length 0.11 mm. Palpus 3-segmented (fig. 1d), segment 1 with 5-9
setae and numerous dorsal hyaline sensilla. Thorax. Acrostichals and dorso-
centrals weak. Posterior pronotum bare; anterior pronotum generally pale yellow
as contrasted to the dark notum, with 7 strong setae; proepisternum with 9 strong
setae. Posterior mesepimerite (= posterior epimeron of the mesothorax, Steffan,
1966) short and broad. Legs. Fore legs: length of coxa, 0.45 mm; femur, 0.52
mm; tibia, 0.61 mm; basitarsomere, 0.27 mm; fore tibial comb (fig. le) com-
posed of triangular patch of setae set in a shallow pit. Hind tibia with enlarged
anterodorsal, posterodorsal, dorsal and ventral setae; apical comb consisting of
single row of 7 strong setae, spur slightly shorter than width of tibial apex. Pre-
tarsal claws simple. Wing. Length 1.9 mm, width 0.9 mm. Venation as in fig.
1f. R-M index 1.8; C-M index 0.5. Abdomen. Tergal setae strong and evenly
distributed; sternal setae largely restricted to lateral and posterior margins of
sterna. Terminalia as in fig. li, distimere distinctly flattened laterally (fig. 1g).
Tergum IX as in fig. lh. Tergum X bilobed and each lobe bilobed.

1 The first of this series was published in Pacific Insects 10:37-41.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73,

No. 1, MARCH, 1971

HMM \\,
a y
= s, y
a

f MN .
>, (

Yyipe 1 pl!
TT TL

Fig. 1. Eugnoriste planiforceps n. sp.: a, head of male; b, flagellomere 4 of
male; c, flagellomere 4 of female; d, palpus of male; e, apex of fore tibia of male;
f, wing of male; g, distimere; h, lateral half of tergum IX of male; i, male ter-

minalia, ventral view; j, female cercus, lateral view; k and 1, female vaginal furca,
lateral and ventral views respectively.

56 PROG. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971

Female. Essentially as male with following differences: flagellomere 4 (fig. 1c)
shorter, about as long as wide with numerous hyaline sensilla. Prefrons with 19-
21 setae. Wing. Length 2.5-2.6 mm, width 1.0 mm. Legs. Fore leg measure-
ments: coxa, femur, tibia, basitarsomere—0.45, 0.64, 0.72, 0.31 mm respectively;
range of femoral length 0.60—0.64. Sternal setae of abdomen more abundant,
sternum VIII divided longitudinally by wide non-sclerotized area, terga VII and
VIII partially divided transversely near anterior third by median non-sclerotized
band. Cercus and vaginal furca as in fig. 1j and fig. 1k, 1 respectively.

Type data. Holotype male (slide-mounted), Rio Grande Camping
area, Big Bend National Park, Texas, 14 July 1968, D. R. Bennett, on
Prosopis glandulosa blooms. Allotype female, same data as holotype
(on slide). Holotype and allotype deposited in the U.S. National Mu-
seum (No. 70999). Paratypes: 322 (mounted on slides), 72?
(mounted on pins), same data as holotype. Paratypes deposited in
Texas Technological College, California Academy of Sciences, Cornell
University and Bishop Museum.

Remarks. This species appears closely related to the neotropical
species E. pernitens Edwards from which it differs by the shorter
flagellomeres. In E. pernitens, flagellomere 4 is about twice as long
as wide, whereas in E. planiforceps, it is scarcely as long as wide.
There may be differences in the shape of the vaginal furca but this
structure has not been examined in E. pernitens. E. planiforceps is
also similar to E. capensis but differs in the size of the prefrons which
is much wider below the compound eyes in E. capensis; in the relative
length of the hind tibial spurs which are almost twice as long as the
tibial apex is wide in E. capensis, whereas in E. planiforceps, they are
shorter than the width of the tibial apex; and in the shape of the vaginal
furca.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I wish to thank Dr. Raymond Gagné of the U.S. Department of Agriculture
and Mr. Joaquin Tenario of Texas Technological College (now at the University
of Hawaii) for the opportunity to describe this species. I also wish to thank Dr.
Jean Laffoon for his suggestion of the term “posterior mesepimerite” in place
of “posterior epimeron of the mesothorax” and for his review of this paper. This
term is equivalent to Tuomikoski’s “Hinterfortsatz des mesothorakalen epimerits”
(1960). I also wish to acknowledge the talents of my illustrator, Miss Suzanne
Keenan and typist, Mrs. Dorothy Hoxie.

REFERENCES

Coquillett, D. W. 1896. A new dipterous genus related to Gnoriste. Proc. Ent.

Soc. Wash. 3:321-322.
1904. New North American Diptera. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 6:

166-192.

Edwards, F. W. 1941. Mycetophilidae collected by the expedition to Matto
Grosso of the Brazilian Zoological Club, in July, 1939. Rev. Ent. 12:303-314,
pl. 15.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971 ol

Steffan, W. A. 1966. A generic revision of the family Sciaridae (Diptera) of
America north of Mexico. Calif. Univ. Publ. Ent. 44:1-77.
1967. A new species of Eugnoriste from Africa (Sciaridae:
Diptera). Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 74( 3-4 ) :292-294.
Tuomikoski, R. 1960. Zur Kenntnis der Sciariden (Dipt.) Finnlands. Ann.
Soc. Zool. Bot. Fennica “Vanamo” 21(4):1—164.

POLYDRUSUS CERVINUS (L.), A EUROPEAN WEEVIL
DISCOVERED IN NORTH AMERICA
(COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE )

Polydrusus cervinus (Linnaeus) (1758, Syst. Nat. ed. 10. p. 384 (Curculio) ),
not known previously from America, was found in New Hampshire and New Jer-
sey. The New Jersey specimen was in a miscellaneous collection of weevils brought
to my office in June 1970 by the late Dr. E. Avery Richmond of Moorestown,
N. J. Dr. Richmond told me the weevil was probably taken from the windshield of
his car sometime during 1969. Seven examples from Hanover, New Hampshire,
collected by Dr. Kenneth W. Cooper, were found among unsorted material in the
U.S. National Museum. One of the specimens was taken by Dr. Cooper while
collecting cyrtid flies on birch twigs during August 1963. According to Dr. Cooper
the specimen most certainly came from the birch, the shrubs interspersed among
them, or the grass immediately adjacent; the birches fringed hardwoods that mar-
gined the lacrosse playing fields of Dartmouth College. The other six specimens
were collected in the environs of Hanover from late April to mid-October.

This species is readily distinguished from our native North American species
and from our other two introduced European species, impressifrons Gyllenhall
and sericeus (Schaller). Four to 5 mm long, it is black with the exception of the
testaceous antennae and the dark brown tarsi; the vestiture is sparse, consisting of
small, greenish-blue scales and fine, appressed, hair-like, dark setae; the elytra
is distinctly mottled or checkered by the scales and the seemingly denuded black
spots; the femoral tooth is acute and large; in the male, the pygidium is deeply
excavated, rugosely punctured, and has fine setae. The species is figured in Reit-
ter (1916, Fauna Germanica. Die Kifer des Deutschen Reiches, vol. 5, pl. 155.
figs 3:).

Polydrusus cervinus is widely distributed in the Old World, ranging from the
British Isles across most of Europe to Siberia. According to Hoffmann (1950,
Faune de France, 52, Coléoptéres Curculionides, premiere partie, p. 280) the
larvae live in the roots of orchard grass, Dactylis glomerata L., and the adults feed
on the leaves of birch, oak, hazel, and maples. The species is widespread in Europe
on Betula and is listed in the key to economically important forest pests in Ger-
many by Schimitschel (1937, Schliissel zur Bestimmung der wichtigsten forstlich
schadlichen Kafer. p. 36). The most recent biology is that of Scherf (1964, Die
Entwicklungsstadien der mitteleuropéischen Curculioniden (Morphologie, Bio-
nomie, Okologie), Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges. 506. p. 221). —Rosz ELLA WARNER,
Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Depart-
ment of Agriculture, c/o U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560.

58 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971

FOUR NEW SPECIES OF NEOTROPICAL BAETIS
(EPHEMEROPTERA: BAETIDAE)

Jay R. Traver,! 19 Moorland St., Amherst, Massachusetts 01002

ABSTRACT—Four new species of Baetis are described and figured from Uru-
guay.

The specimens of Baetis described herein were collected in Uruguay
by Dr. C. S. Carbonell of the Department of Entomology, Faculty of
the Humanities and Sciences of the University of the Republic of
Uruguay. Representatives of each species will be placed in the en-
tomological collection of that university.

Baetis aneto, n. sp.

(Figs. 1, 4)

Represented by ¢ and @2 imagos and subimagos. Costal angulation of hind
wing acute but not hooked, 3 longitudinal veins; dark brown dorsal or dorso-
lateral markings on certain abdominal terga.

Male imago.—Body 4-5 mm.; fore wing 3.5-4 mm. Head pale reddish brown.
Scape and pedicel of antenna pale reddish brown, darker at joinings; flagellum
yellowish brown. Turbinate eyes yellowish orange; in dorsal view, hemipheroidal
(inner margin straight); not contiguous dorsally; on moderate stalks. Pronotum
yellowish to pale reddish brown, shaded along postero-median and lateral areas
with smoky brown. Meso- and metathorax bright to dark reddish brown; yellow-
ish brown in areas around and preceding wing bases, also on membrane between
pro- and mesosterna; metanotal shield brighter reddish brown than other areas.
Wings hyaline whitish: both fore and hind wings very narrowly reddish brown at
extreme bases, this color continued for a short distance along Sc and RI of fore
wing. Stigmatic cross veins of fore wing 4-5 in number, slanting, a few may be
incomplete; some anastomosis; stigmatic area semi-opaque. No marginal interca-
laries in Sc space, those in radial space quite short. Costal angulation of hind wing
acute; 3 longitudinal veins, 3 shorter than 1 and 2; usually 1, sometimes 2 mar-
ginal intercalaries between veins 2 and 3. Hind wing as in fig. 4. Legs yellow-
ish; claws and tarsal joinings dusky. Abdomen yellowish; apical segments shaded
with pale reddish brown. Anterior and posterior margins of basal and middle
segments (terga and sterna) may be very narrowly darker, on terga principally
in dorsal areas; posterior margins of terga 8-10 may be very narrowly darkened.
Narrow black hairline, with short lateral extensions on terga and sterna, along
pleural fold on basal and middle segments. Terga variously marked with grayish
to dark brown patches, some variations of these as noted: (1) wedged-shaped
submedian marks on tergum 3 only; (2) squarish blotches open at anterior margin
and enclosing a yellow patch, on terga 2 and 3, narrow dark gray posterior margin
on tergum 5, crescent-shaped blotch across tergum 6; (3) irregularly shaped dark

‘Emeritus Professor of Zoology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massa-
chusetts.

PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971 59

Seal 2a t

7d ST i ee Neh. 2e/
7 8

Figs. 1-8. 1 and 4, Baetis aneto, n. sp.: 1, & genitalia; 4, hind wing. 5 and

8, B. aymara, n. sp.; 5, hind wing; 8, ¢ genitalia. 2 and 6, B. coveloae, n. sp.;
2, 6 genitalia; 6, hind wing. 3 and 7, B. yaro, n. sp.; 3, é genitalia; 7, hind wing.

60 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971

brown blotches each side of terga 2, 3 and 6, smaller and more lateral on 4 and
5, plus triangular dark brown blotches at mid-areas on 3 and 6; (4) brown
blotches on terga 2 and 3, smaller marks on 3 and 6, these lateral on 2, median
on 3 and 6. Other variations also occur. Cerci whitish, not darkened at joinings.
Genitalia as in fig. 1.

Female imago.—Body 3.5—4.5 mm.; fore wing 3.75-4.25 mm. Head flesh color
to yellowish; may have dark shading between eyes on vertex. Thorax yellowish
to flesh color on pleura and venter, pale reddish brown dorsally; mesonotal shield
generally narrowly dark-margined; pronotum slightly paler than mesonotum.
Wings essentially as in ¢; 4-6 stigmatic cross veins in fore wing, anastomosis
very slight. Legs as in 6. Abdomen (when not filled with ova) yellowish; pleural
hairline as in ¢. Tergal markings as variable as in ¢; may be even more exten-
sive or confined to submedian oblique streaks on terga 2 and 3, or on tergum 3
only. Cerci asin é.

Holotype, male.—Uruguay, Prov. Salto. Salto Grande, Rio Uruguay;
10-XI-55. C. S. Carbonell, collector. In collection of Department of
Entomology, University of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay.

Allotype, female.—Same data as holotype; in private collection of J.
R. Traver.

Paratypes, 5é é and 622 2° imagos.—Uruguay, Prov. Paysandu; Santa
Rita, Rio Uruguay, 8-XI-55; 96 ¢ and 202 ?.—same data as holotype.
Specimens equally divided between Dept. of Entomology, Univ. of
Uruguay, and private collection of JRT.

This species is named for a South American Indian tribe. Many
other females and subimagos of both sexes taken at the above localities
are not included among the paratypes.

South American species described in Baetis having 3 veins in the
hind wing, none of these veins forked, include opacus (1915), abun-
dans (1912), and gloriosus (1923), all described by Navas; it is now
known that all 3 of these are Callibaetis, not Baetis. Baetis melleus
Needham and Murphy (1924) is quite unlike B. aneto as to hind wing,
genitalia and body coloration. From Costa Rica, Navas described B.
sinuosus (1924); it differs markedly in coloration from aneto.

Baetis aymara, 0. sp.

(Figs. 5, 8)

Represented by ¢ and @ imagos. Costal angulation of hind wing hooked, 2
longitudinal veins only; abdominal terga pale, unmarked.

Male imago.—Body 5 mm.; fore wing 4.5 mm. Head and antennae yellowish.
Ocelli black-ringed at base, most prominent on middle ocellus. Turbinate eyes
quite large, yellow-orange, in dorsal view somewhat hemispheroidal; on stalks of
moderate height. Thorax yellowish to pale reddish brown. Pronotum paler than
mesonotum, inconspicuous oblique black submedian streaks from anterior mar-
gin; no other distinctive markings on thorax. Mesoscutellum paler than shield,
margined narrowly with dusky. Wings whitish, hyaline; stigmatic area of fore
wing semi-opaque; no marginal intercalaries in Sc space; 4-6 stigmatic cross veins,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, No. 1, MARCH, 1971 61

somewhat slanting, 1 of these may be incomplete. Hind wing slender, 2 longitu-
dinal veins only; costal angulation hooked, as in fig. 5. Legs yellowish; tarsal seg-
ments may be very narrowly darkened at joinings. Abdomen whitish with faint
yellowish tinge, apical segments very pale reddish brown, semi-opaque, basal and
middle segments translucent. Tiny black stigmatic dots on basal and middle seg-
ments, connected along pleural fold by a faint blackish hairline. Terga 9 and 10,
and in 1 specimen 7 and 8 also, very narrowly darker on posterior margins. Cerci
pale yellowish white, not darker at joinings. Genitalia as in fig. 8.

Female imago—Body 4 mm.; fore wing 5 mm. Smaller than @ but similiarly
colored; hind wing similar but more slender.

Holotype, male.—Uruguay, Prov. Treinta y Tres. Quebrada de los
Cuervos, 17—XII-52. C. S. Carbonell, collector. In collection of De-
partment of Entomology, University of Uruguay.

Paratypes.—2¢ 6 and 12 imago; same data as holotype. One ¢ in
collection of Department of Entomology, University of Uruguay; others
in private collection of J. R. Traver.

This species is named for a South American Indian tribe. The only
previously described Neotropical species of Baetis known to have only
2 longitudinal veins in the hind wing and a strongly hooked costal an-
gulation on that wing is B. garcianus Traver (1938) from Puerto Rico.
B. aymara lacks the lateral blotches on abdominal terga present in
garcianus; the genitalia of these 2 species are dissimilar.

Baetis coveloae, n. sp.

(Figs. 2, 6)

Represented by 324 ¢ imagos. Costal angulation of hind wing rather blunt,
2 longitudinal veins only; abdominal terga fawn-color, unmarked; median spine
on penis cover.

Male imago.—Body 5 mm.; fore wing 4.5-5.25 mm. Head reddish brown;
scape of antenna dark brown, pedicel paler brown, each narrowly darker at join-
ings; flagellum yellowish. Turbinate eyes orange, narrow dark ring at base of
each; oval in dorsal aspect, well separated dorsally; on rather tall stalks. Thorax
rather dark reddish brown above and below; metanotum and in some specimens
mesonotal area brighter red-brown. Legs yellowish; femora may be slightly brown-
tinged; femora and tibiae narrowly darker at joining; tarsi very pale. Wings whit-
ish, hyaline; reddish brown tinge at extreme wing bases; longitudinal veins faintly
yellowish; stigmatic area of fore wing opaque; 4-6 slanting stigmatic cross veins
often widely spaced, 1 or 2 may be incomplete, 1 may be forked, incomplete
anastomosis may be present. In Sc marginal space, 1 or 2 short intercalaries.
Hind wing 2-veined, occasionally 1 or more cross veins faintly indicated; costal
angulation and adjacent area reminiscent of genus Dactylobaetis Traver and Ed-
munds (1968). See fig. 6. Abdomen fawn-color, pale reddish brown, venter
slightly paler than dorsum; apical segments darker, somewhat opaque. Posterior
margins of all segments narrowly dark brown, darker on terga than sterna; nar-
row dark line along pleural fold. Cerci very pale yellowish white, unmarked.
Genitalia as in fig. 2.

62, PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, No. 1, MARCH, 1971

Holotype, male—Uruguay, Prov. Maldonado. Cerro Animas, 14—
IX-50, C. S. Carbonell, collector. In collection of Department of En-
tomology, University of Uruguay .

Paratypes.—31 é imagos; all from same locality as holotype. 1 ¢,
13-VIII-50; 36 6, 16-VII-50; 27 ¢ 6, same date as holotype. C. S. Car-
bonell, collector. Specimens divided equally between Entomological
collection of the University of Uruguay and private collection of J. R.
Traver.

This species is named in honor of Sefiora Lucrezia Covelo.

Although the hind wing is very similar to many species of Dactyl-
obatis, Traver and Edmunds (1968), this species is placed tentatively
in Baetis rather than Dactylobaetis, since the presence of intercalaries
in the Sc space of the fore wing and the spine on the penis cover distin-
guish it from any species thus far known in Dactylobaetis. Immature
nymphs of the latter genus are known to occur in Maldonado Province;
only the rearing of mature nymphs would determine to which genus

the species coveloae really belongs.

Baetis yaro, n. sp.
(Bigsios 0)

Represented by a single ¢ imago. Costal angulation of hind wing hooked, 3
longitudinal veins; abdominal terga fawn-color, chestnut brown submedian patches
on 2-7.

Male imago.—Body 7 mm.; fore wing 7 mm. Head pale reddish brown, fla-
gellum of antenna yellowish. Turbinate eyes orange, oval in dorsal aspect, not
quite contiguous dorsally; on rather low stalks. Thorax reddish brown; median
dorsal stripe on mesonotum slightly darker than other areas, enclosing a very nar-
row black streak in posterior half. Meso- and metasterna darker than other
parts of sterna. Femora and fore tibia very pale reddish brown, other tibiae and
all tarsi yellowish; femoro-tibial joining, tarsal joinings and claws reddish brown.
Wings whitish, hyaline. No marginal intercalaries in Sc space of fore wing; about
8 slanting cross veins in opaque stigmatic area, spaced unevenly, 1 of these in-
complete, not reaching Sc. Hind wing 3 veined, 3rd vein shortest; costal an-
gulation prominent, hooked at tip, widened at base, as in fig. 7. Abdomen
fawn-color, light reddish brown, venter somewhat paler than dorsum, terga 8 and
9 darker than those preceding. Abdominal terga 2-7 with wedge-shaped chest-
nut brown patches laterally, these largest and most distinct on basal segments,
leaving antero-lateral angles paler. Intersegmental areas pale; very narrow black
hairline along pleural fold, darkest on basal segments; submedian oblique streaks
from anterior margins on sterna 7 and 8, faint indications of shorter streaks from
anterior margins laterad of oblique dashes. Cerci pale yellowish white, the 2 basal
segments darkened at joinings. Genitalia as in fig. 3.

Holotype, male—Uruguay, Prov. Maldonado. Cerro Animas, 16-
VII-50, C. S. Carbonell, collector. In collection of Department of En-
tomology, University of Uruguay.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, No. 1, MARCH, 1971 63

This species is named for an Uruguayan Indian tribe. The hind wing
of B. yaro is quite similar to that of B. melleus Needham and Murphy
(1924), and the genitalia of these 2 species are not unlike. The strik-
ingly marked abdomen of yaro distinguishes it at once from B. melleus,
to which species is seems most closely allied.

REFERENCES
Navas, R. P. L. 1912. Neuropteros (s.l.) nuevos de America. Broteria 10:
194-202.
1915. Neuropteros sudamericanos, segunda serie. Broteria 13:
5-13.
1923. Insecta nova. Mem. Pont. Accad. s.n. Lincei 6:1—27.
1924. Insectos de la America Central. Broteria 21:55—86.
Needham, J. G. and H. E. Murphy. 1924. Neotropical mayflies. Bull. Lloyd
Lib. 24, Ent. Ser. 4:79 pp.
Traver, J. R. 1938. Mayflies of Puerto Rico. J. Agr. Univ. Puerto Rico 22(1):
542.
and G. F. Edmunds, Jr. 1968. A revision of the Baetidae with
spatulate-clawed nymphs (Ephemeroptera). Pacific Insects 10(3—4):629-677.

OLIGOCARICIS LEA A SYNONYM OF SMICRONYX SCHOENHERR

(COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE )

Lea (1926, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 51:327—362) described Oligo-
caricis and the single included species, O. longirostris, from two male specimens,
of which one, in the R. Helms collection, was from the Behn River in north-
western Australia and the other, in the British Museum, from the Adelaide River
in Northern Territory, Australia. In examining the latter specimen at the British
Museum, I found that it is quite typical of the genus Smicronyx Schoenherr,
1843. It shows the usual external characters of Smicronyx, including the fine con-
striction separating the rostrum from the rest of the head and the small partly
connate tarsal claws. It also has the exodont mandibles that I noted (1962, Proc.
U.S. Nat. Mus. 113:200) in many species of Smicronyx. I have not seen or
located the other of Lea’s two specimens, but I have also seen nothing in the orig-
inal description that would indicate a significant difference between the speci-
mens.

In addition to proposing the transfer of Oligocaricis longirostris Lea to Smicronyx,
I am here designating the specimen from the Adelaide River as lectotype of that
species. According to the accessions catalog of the British Museum, the specimen
was collected at the Adelaide River on August 8-13, 1890 by Mr. J. J. Walker
during a cruise of the H.M.S. Penguin. This is the first record of the occurrence of
any species of Smicronyx in Australia.

I thank the staff of the Department of Entomology, British Museum (Nat. His-
tory) for the aid and courtesies extended to me when these observations were
made.—D. M. Anpberson, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Re-
search Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, c/o U.S. National Museum, Wash-
ington, D.C. 20560.

64 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, No. 1, MARCH, 1971

A REDESCRIPTION OF TESSAROBELUS GUERINI MONTROUSIER
(HoMorTEeRA: CoccomEA: MARGARODIDAE )

Douciass R. MILLER, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. 20250

ABSTRACT—A redescription of the littke known margarodid Tessarobelus
guerini Montrousier is presented along with a key to the genera of the tribe
Monophlebulini. A small type of tubular duct is recorded for the first time in
the Margarodidae.

Tessarobelus Montrousier has been virtually unknown since it was
described from New Caledonia. Morrison (1928) did not see samples
of the genus and was unable to include it in his comprehensive study
of the family Margarodidae. He suggested, however, that Tessarobelus
belonged in the tribe Monophlebulini. Recently I have examined sev-
eral specimens and confirm Morrison’s tentative assignment. There are
three genera in this tribe, two of which occur in Australia.

The following key is adapted from Morrison (1928).

Key TO THE GENERA OF THE TRIBE MONOPHLEBULINI
ADULT FEMALES

il Ventral cicatrices in transverse rows on anterior abdominal segments; anal
opening not surrounded by a dense band of short setae 2
Ventral cicatrices, if present, not forming transverse rows on anterior
abdominal segments; anal opening surrounded by a dense band of
SHOTE SEU as me eee ee Nodulicoceus Morrison
2(1). Some antennal segments fused; tubular trilocular pores absent —
CD a ree Tessarobelus Montrousier
Antennal segments not fused; tubular trilocular pores present —
LOL I ED ie Se TINE ETS PS Monophlebulus Cockerell

Genus Tessarobelus Montrousier

Tessarobelus Montrousier, 1864:246. Type-species, Tessarobelus guerini Mont-
rousier, orig. desig. and monotypy.

Tessarobelus contains only T. guerini. A Panama species, Mono-
phlebus championi Cockerell, transferred to Tessarobelus by Cockerell
(1902a) on the basis of the male, apparently belongs in the tribe
Llaveiini (Morrison, 1928) and perhaps even in the genus Llaveia
Signoret (MacGillivray, 1921).

Diagnosis. Adult female approximately 10 to 20 mm long. Anal tube with
unspecialized dermal orifice and polygonal wax pores. Spines, setae, small tubular
ducts, trilocular pores, and multilocular pores present on both body surfaces.
Cicatrices present over venter except near body margin. Abdominal spiracles in
7 pairs; thoracic and abdominal pairs with pores in atria. Rostrum 2-segmented.
Antennae with terminal segments fused.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, No. 1, MARCH, 1971 65

Fig. 1. Tessarobelus guerini, adult 2: A and F, trilocular pores; B, enlarged
section of indicated portion of lateral margin; C, anal tube; D, detail of polygonal
wax pores of anal tube; E, enlarged section of indicated portion of dorsum; G,
ventral cicatrix; H, enlarged section of indicated portion of venter; I, antenna:
J and P, multilocular disk pores; K, thoracic spiracle; L, middle leg; M, claw;
N, abdominal spiracle; O, enlarged section of indicated portion of venter; Q, body
outline, dorsal and ventral surfaces; R, small tubular duct.

66 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971

Tessarobelus may be distinguished from all other margarodid genera
by the following combination of characters: with apical antennal seg-
ments fused, with tubular ducts, without tubular pores.

In addition to Nodulicoccus and Monophlebulus, Tessarobelus re-
sembles Monophlebidus Morrison (tribe Monophlebini), but the latter
genus lacks the above combination of characters and possesses a 3-
segmented rostrum.

The presence of tubular ducts of the type shown in the illustration
(fig. 1R) apparently has not been recorded in the Margarodidae. Tu-
bular ducts do occur in genera such as Matsucoccus Cockerell, Pityo-
coccus McKenzie, and Desmococcus McKenzie, but these ducts are
very different from those in Tessarobelus. Examination of the available
material within the subfamily Monophlebinae has revealed that the
Tessarobelus type of tubular duct also is present in Aspidoproctus
Newstead, Monophlebidus Morrison, Monophlebulus, and Nietnera
Green.

Tessarobelus guerini Montrousier

Tessarobelus guerini Montrousier, 1864:247.
Monophlebus guerini (Montrousier ): Cockerell, 1902b:232.

Specimens of T. guerini apparently have been examined previously only by
Montrousier and Cohic (1958). Though the name has appeared in the literature
approximately 15 times, most of the references merely reiterate the original de-
scription.

Type Material: Apparently lost.

Field Features: The orange body of the adult female is covered with a white,
cottony wax; the legs, antennae, and mouthparts are black. The known stages of
the female occur on the foliage.

According to the original description, the red body of the adult male is lightly
dusted with a white wax, the antennae are plumose and slightly shorter than the
length of the body, the wings are gray and semi-transparent, and there are four
fleshy tubercules on the posterior end of the abdomen.

Recognition Characters: Adult female, mounted, 10.8 to 21.0 mm long, 6.4 to
10.8 mm wide. Body elongate oval; anal lobes slightly protruding.

Dorsum densely covered with spines, most abundant near anal opening, those
on lateral margins of abdomen longest and with rounded apices. Body setae
lightly scattered over surface, longest setae present near anal opening, with single
seta of approximately same size present on margin between anterior leg and an-
terior spiracle. Tubular ducts scattered over entire surface, approximately 4.0 u
long, 2.5 » wide. Trilocular pores in nearly all areas except along body margin.
Multilocular pores present only near anal ring; with 6 to 10 loculi in outside row
of pores and 0 to 5 loculi in central hub. Small raised areas each possess cluster
of indistinct cellular structures; raised areas present along body margin. Anal
ring situated 8 to 12 times its diameter from abdominal apex; anal tube with
dermal orifice unmodified; narrow collar of polygonal wax pores present on me-
dial portion of tube; inner apex of tube with 0 to 4 lightly sclerotized rings.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971 67

Venter densely covered with spines, more slender and elongate than those on
dorsum. Body setae more numerous than on dorsum, most abundant near anal
opening. Tubular ducts less numerous and larger than on dorsum (approximately
7.5 uw long, 5.0 « wide), most abundant on abdominal segment IX and along lateral
margins. Trilocular pores present from abdominal segment V or IV through head.
Multilocular pores present from abdominal segment IX through IV, with a few
present on head. Raised areas present along body margin. Cicatrices present in
transverse rows over entire venter except along body margin. Abdominal spiracles
in 7 pairs, each spiracle with apical portion constricted and with complete band
of multilocular pores in atrium. Thoracic spiracles with large cluster of multi-
locular pores in each atrium. Legs robust, densely matted with setae; digitules
not extending to tip of claw. Antennae 3-segmented, third segment formed from
fused 6 to 8 apical “segments.” Rostrum 2-segmented.

Third instar female similar to adult except tubular ducts absent, multilocular
pores less numerous, third antennal segment composed of fused 5 to 6 apical
“segment.”

According to Cohic (1958) and Matile-Ferrero (personal communi-
cation) the type material of T. guerini has been lost.

I feel confident that the specimens examined are T. guerini. Some
specimens seen were collected on the host of Montrousier’s type speci-
mens; also, the species described above is the only monophlebine
margarodid known from New Caledonia where it is widely dispersed
and relatively common. The species agrees well with Montrousier’s
original description with one exception. Montrousier states that the
antennae are 10-segmented in the female and at least 16-segmented in
the male. In available specimens, the antennae of adult females pos-
sesses only 3 distinct segments. However, it is impossible to determine
the true segmentation without carefully examining the antennae under
a microscope. Although I have been unable to examine males, it has
been stated by Morrison (1928) that the antennae of margarodids are
not more than 13-segmented. Therefore, it is probable that the orig-
inal description of T. guerini is inaccurate in regard to the number of
antennal segments.

Specimens Examined: New Caledonia—Amieu Pass Cascade, XII-
20-67, on “wild rainy forest tree,” P. Cochereau (17 ad. 2? 2 ); Poneri-
houen, X-6-69, on Jambosa pseudomalaccensis (Myrtaceae), P. Co-
chereau (11 ad. 22); Ouegoa, V—?-58, on Melaleuca leucadendron
(Myrtaceae), F. Cohic (1 third instar 2 ¢ ).

Specimens are being deposited in the collections of the British Mu-
seum ( Natural History ), London; Institut Francais d’Oceanie, Noumea.
New Caledonia; Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris; Univer-
sity of California, Davis; University of California, Riverside; Virginia
Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg; Zoological Institute, Academy of
Sciences of USSR, Leningrad; the U.S. National Museum, Washing-
ton.

68 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I wish to thank Dr. Paul Cochereau, OSTRUM Center, Noumea, New Cale-
donia, for making available the material used for this study. To Dr. Paul De-
Bach, University of California, Riverside, I extend appreciation for drawing my
attention to the species and to Mme. Daniele Matile-Ferrero, Museum National
Histoire Naturelle, Paris, for searching for the types of T. guerini.

REFERENCES

Cockerell, T. D. A. 1902a. What is Monophlebus, Leach ? Entomologist 35:

317-319.
1902b. A contribution to the classification of the Coccidae. Ibid.

35: 232-233, 257-260.

Cohic, F. 1958. Contribution a étude des cochenilles d’intérét économique de
Nouvelle-Caledonie et dépendances. Comm. Pac. Sud. Doc. Tech. 116, 35 pp.

MacGillivray, A. D. 1921. The Coccidae. Scarab, Urbana, Ill., 502 pp.

Montrousier, R. P. 1864. 246-247 In Perroud, B. P. and Montrousier, R. P.
Essai sur la faune entomologique de Kanala et déscription de quelques espéces
nouvelles au peu connues. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon 11:46—257.

Morrison, H. 1928. A classification of the higher groups and genera of the
coccid family Margarodidae. U.S. Dept. Agr. Tech. Bull. 52, 237 pp.

THE NEARCTIC SPECIES OF HORISMENUS WALKER
(HyMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE)

B. D. Burks, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service,
U.S. Department of Agriculture

ABSTRACT—A redefinition of the genus Horismenus Walker, with a key to
the Nearctic species. Several species of this genus are primary parasites of
bruchid beetles and others are primary or secondary parasites of Lepidoptera.
Other species parasitize curculionid larvae, buprestid or cerambycid larvae, or
Diptera living in grass stems. Two species are secondary parasites in the egg
cases of spiders. H. bruchophagus, carolinensis, ignotus, latrodecti n. spp.;
(euplectri Howard) = fraternus (Fitch), (violacea Ashmead) = _ fraternus
(Fitch), (ancylae Girault) = microgaster (Ashmead), (flavipes Ashmead) =
sardus (Walker) n. syn.; Galeopsomyia haemon (Walker) n. comb. for Horis-
menus haemon.

The Nearctic species of the genus Horismenus Walker have never
before been revised, although this is a genus of common eulophid para-
sites in North America. Horismenus, Pediobius, and Tetrastichus are

1 Mail address: c/o U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, No. 1, MARCH, 1971 69

probably the three most commonly encountered eulophid chalcidoids
in the Nearctic region; the latter two genera have already been revised
(Burks, 1966, 1943).

The biological relationships of the species of Horismenus are rather
diverse. Specimens are often reared as primary or secondary parasites
of small Lepidoptera, or as primary parasites of Coleoptera belonging
to the families Bruchidae or Curculionidae. They are extremely com-
mon parasites of bruchids. One Nearctic species of Horismenus is a
probable secondary parasite of the larvae of round-headed and flat-
headed wood-boring beetles. Another species emerges from small Dip-
tera living in the stems of grasses. Two Nearctic species are secondary
parasites in the egg cases of spiders.

I am greatly indebted to Dr. G. J. Kerrich, Commonwealth Institute
of Entomology, London, for sending me detailed information about
Horismenus cleodora Walker, the type-species of Horismenus. The
single type specimen of cleodora, from Lima, Pert, is in the British
Museum (Natural History) collections and was presented by C. Dar-
win, Esq. I also am grateful to the authorities of the British Museum
(Natural History) for making it possible for me to study the type of
Entedon sardus Walker.

Horismenus Walker

Horismenus Walker, 1843, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 11:117—Ashmead, 1904, Mem.
Carnegie Mus. 1(4):341.—Schmiedeknecht, 1909, Gen. Ins., fasc. 97, p. 432.—
Crawford, 1911, Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 40:445.—Girault, 1913, Mem. Queens-
land Mus. 2:152.—Girault, 1915, Can. Ent. 47:234—Viereck, 1916, Conn.
Geol. Nat. Hist. Sur. Bull. 22, p. 456.—Peck in Muesebeck et al., 1951, U.S.
Dept. Agr. Monog. 2, p. 467.—Nikolskaya, 1952, Chalcid Fauna USSR, Akad.
Nauk USSR, Fauna USSR 44, p. 268.—Bouéek in Kratochvil, 1957, Klic Zvireny
CSR, 2:277.—Peck, 1963, Can. Ent. Suppl. 30:217.—Boucek and Hoffer (trans.
Peck), 1964, Mem. Ent. Soc. Can. 34:103.—Boutek, 1965, Acta Ent. Mus. Nat.
Prag. 36:84. Type-species: Horismenus cleodora Walker; monotypic.

Pseudomphale Schrottky, 1909, Ann. Soc. Cient. Arg. 67:209.—Girault, 1915,
Can. Ent. 47:234 (syn. of Horismenus). Type-species: Pseudomphale opsip-
hanis Schrottky; monotypic.

Pediobioidea Girault, 1911, Can. Ent. 43:407 (syn. under Horismenus when
descr.). Type-species: Pediobioidea cyanea Girault; monotypic.

Triolynx Cameron, 1913, Timehri, Jour. R. Agr. Com. Soc. Brit. Guiana 3:130.—
Boucek, 1965, Acta Ent. Mus. Nat. Prag. 36:84 (syn. of Horismenus). Type-
species: Triolynx clavicornis Cameron; monotypic.

Akonda Cameron, 1913, Timehri, Jour. R. Agr. Com. Soc. Brit. Guiana 3:131.—
Boucek, 1965, Acta Ent. Mus. Nat. Prag. 36:84 (syn. of Horismenus). Type-
species: Akonda hipparchia Cameron; monotypic.

Dirphiphagus Bréthes, 1917, Ann. Zool. Apl. 4:25. New synonymy. Type-species:
Dirphiphagus ancilla Bréthes; orig. desig.

70 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971

Holcopeltomorpha Blanchard, 1942, Ann. Soc. Cient. Arg. 134:126—Boucek, 1965,
Acta Ent. ‘us. Nat. Prag. 36:84 (syn. of Horismenus). Type-species: Hol-
copeltomorpha christenseni Blanchard; orig. desig.

In the literature the genus Holcopelte Foerster, 1856, has long been
listed as a synonym of Horismenus (see Ashmead, 1904, p. 377; Peck,
1951, p. 467, and numerous other authors). As Graham, 1959, and
Boucek, 1965, have pointed out, however, this is a mistake. Holcopelte
differs generically from Horismenus in having the occiput sharply
carinate and in having a scutellum that lacks lateral carinate.

The name Horismenus itself spent most of the last century in synon-
ymy. Three years after he described it, Walker (1846, p. 66) synony-
mized it under Entedon Dalman. Subsequent authors left it in synon-
ymy until Ashmead (1904) resurrected it and employed it as a valid
genus. Cresson (1887, p. 344) listed Horismenus as a synonym of
Euderus Haliday, but that almost certainly was an error in citation.

Generic description——Head with a prominent transverse frontal carina, para-
scrobal areas always sculptured; eyes large and more or less hairy; malar furrow
absent, malar space and cheeks narrow, temples narrow; occiput not margined;
antennae inserted below center of frons, at or slightly above level of ventral mar-
gins of compound eyes; scape short, its apex never exceeding level of anterior
ocellus; female with 3 funicular segments, male with 4, club with 2 segments and
an apical spicule in both sexes.

Anterior margin of pronotum dorsally carinate, this carina sometimes weak or
interrupted; notaulices complete, often weak anteriorly, terminating posteriorly in
a pair of vaguely defined, elongate depressions, each depression bearing a single
strong bristle; prepectus large, triangular; scutellum with a median longitudinal
carina, a pair of lateral carinae (these formed from series of more or less coalesced
punctures ), and an apical carina (the latter may or may not be interrupted on the
meson); postscutellum prominent, usually sculptured near base, smooth at apex;
forewing with marginal vein very long, submarginal vein short, stigmal vein bud-
like, sessile, postmarginal vein very short, its apex vaguely defined; hindwing with
3 hamuli; each tarsus with 4 segments, these may be subequal in length or the
apical one may be slightly the longest.

Propodeum with a pair of circular or slitlike spiracles, paraspiracular carinae
present or absent; a narrow, longitudinal smooth area present on meson of propo-
deum in almost all species, this smooth area bordered on each side by a narrow
shagreened area; apex of scutellum necklike, surface of this neck sculptured, rest
of propodeum smooth and shining except for a pair of small shagreened areas at
anterior margin between meson and spiracles that is present in some species.
Petiole stout, its surface sculptured, a median, longitudinal, dorsal carina usually
present. Gaster dorsally smooth and shining, usually with narrow shagreened
areas near posterior margins of terga, lateral and ventral areas of gaster with
lineolate, longitudinal sculpture; first gastral tergum comprising a large part of
the gaster, often comprising 14 or more its extent.

Body heavily sclerotized and deeply punctured, typically compact and _ beetle-
like. Heads and bodies having no tendency to shrink or collapse in drying after
death.

bo

10.

ile

12.

13.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971 71

Horismenus, Key To NEARCTIC SPECIES, FEMALES

Eline tiniae partly ior mostly Gack 9. Se ee 2
Hind: tibiae entirely pale yellow or white: 9s 5
Scutellum uniformly sculptured over all its surface with a sculpturing that
is almost as strong as that of the praescutum —___ lixivorus (Crawford )
Scutellum very faintly sculptured or smooth and shining over most of its
surface; strong sculpture, if present, limited to lateral areas 3
First gastral tergum entirely smooth or with extremely faint apical sculpture
latrodecti, n. sp.

First gastral tergum with strong apical sculpturing —___-___--------------------_- 4

First gastral tergum with apical 24 sculptured; hind tibia dark only at base
microgaster (Ashmead)

First gastral tergum with a narrow cross-band of sculpturing near apex,

otherwise smooth; hind tibia with basal %4 to 2 dark carolinensis, n. sp.
Hind femora black or dark with metallic luster _....______-_------------— 6
Hind femora entirely pale yellow or white ...- 7

First gastral tergum constituting more than % the length of gaster; hind
femur with dusky, non-metallic shading floridanus (Ashmead )

First gastral tergum constituting % or less the length of gaster; hind
femur with very dark, metallic blue or blue-green shading —
Eueee Woven ee mrectoneey iy 62S Reh ei Ly aed oe texanus (Girault)

Scutellum flattened and in the same plane as the propodeum; scutellar

sculpture faint; general color dark metallic green depressus Gahan
Not as above; scutellum not flattened and in the same plane as the pro-
[OCGA «nh es Ur a A Al Dy ep OE er Wr 8
Face and median area of propodeum reticulated __ ignotus, n. sp.
Face, at least in median area, smooth and shining; narrow, elongate area
Olt imeson Of propodeum smooth and shining = ee 9
Basal gastral tergum constituting *®4 or more dorsal length of gaster; apical
Je eomunasalecastrall, tersum) sculptured, 2 0 ee, 10
Basal gastral tergum constituting less than *4 the dorsal length of gaster 11
Thorax bright metallic green —.. 9 missouriensis ( Ashmead )
Thorax black, sometimes with a faint blue tinge bruchophagus, n. sp.

Head, thorax, and gaster bright metallic blue-green; basal gastral tergum
smooth except for a narrow, reticulate crossband just before apex —_
Ci a ee A ee a ee lata Ni R= td fraternus (Fitch)

Head, thorax, and gaster shining black, or head and thorax metallic green
with gaster mostly shining black and apical half of basal gastral tergum
SECO LOE EIN |e a a am AR eRe, GENS 22 LOE kw) ela ai

Head and thorax metallic green, gaster mostly shining black; apical half of

basal gastral tergum sculptured productus (Ashmead )
Head, thorax, and gaster shining black; less than apical half of basal gastral

Er amas SUITS LULL Ck ys: oe PO ec Sd sfc gs) 13
Antennal scape dark brown to black _.- atroscapus (Girault)

Antennal scape’ pale -yellow."to white 222 eee 14

2 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971

14. Scutellum strongly sculptured and lateral groove formed from single row of

Duncturest set hike... He, eae eel es ea ee nitens (Howard)
Scutellum weakly sculptured, almost smooth and with multiple crenulate
groovesat lateral margins: ee sardus ( Walker )

Horismenus atroscapus (Girault)

Pseudomphale atroscapus Girault, 1917, Descr. Stell. Nov., p. 20.
Horismenus atroscapus (Girault): Peck in Muesebeck et al., 1951, U.S. Dept.
Agr. Monog. 2, p. 467.—Peck, 1963, Can. Ent. Suppl. 30, p. 217.

Described from 2 female specimens. Lectotype °, U.S.N.M. catalog
no. 20105, labeled, “Bred from T. suwbcanalis Wlk., 31—VIII-1915, Mont-
icello, Fla., 20-VIII-15, Quaintance No. 10566, Al. Fabis collector.”
Present designation of lectotype.

Distribution.—N. C., Fla.

This seems to be a primary parasite of the small pyralids, Tetralopha
subcanalis (Walker) and Acrobasis rubrifasciella (Packard). It is
likely that it also will be found to parasitize other pyralids.

Horismenus bruchophagus, n. sp.

This species agrees with missouriensis Ashmead in having the legs beyond the
coxae entirely pale yellow or white, in not having the scutellum flattened, and in
having the basal gastral tergum sculptured over its apical 24 with this tergum
comprising °4 the length of the gaster; they differ in that missouriensis has the
thorax bright metallic green, but the thorax of this species is shining, jet black,
with a faint blue tinge sometimes visible, and in missouriensis the sculpture on
the vertex is much finer than on the parascrobal spaces, but the sculpture is
equally coarse on these two areas in bruchophagus.

Female—Length, 1.6-2.0 mm. Frons faintly metallic blue, otherwise head
and body shining, jet black with a faint blue tinge sometimes visible; antennal
scapes and legs beyond coxae light yellow or white, antennal flagellum with faint
metallic blue sheen; wing veins brown.

Face and genae smooth, shining; parascrobal area below frontal groove strongly
shagreened, narrow area on meson of vertex smooth, shagreened laterally, occiput
shagreened; temples smooth ventrally, lightly reticulated dorsally. Eyes rather
sparsely hairy. Apex of antennal scape surpassing frontal groove, but not reach-
ing level of anterior ocellus; relative proportionate lengths of parts of antenna—
pedicel, 60; first funicular segment, 60; second, 50; third, 50; club, 100.

Praescutum and scutum strongly sculptured, axillae weakly sculptured, scutellum
shining, with very weak sculpture; lateral and apical margins of scutellum formed
by rows of punctures, apical margin interrupted on meson; postscutellum smooth
and shining, sculptured areas at base more or less hidden. Propleuron and an-
terior part of mesopleuron sculptured, rest of mesopleuron smooth and shining;
coxae faintly sculptured with irregular striae.

Propodeum lying on a plane parallel to horizontal axis of body; narrow median
area and anterior half of lateral area smooth; circular area near each anterolateral
angle, narrow, elongate area on each side of median smooth area, and posterior
half of lateral area, reticulated. Petiole vertical, only slightly longer than broad, a

“I

(oy)

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971

median, dorsal, longitudinal carina present; surface of petiole minutely and closely
reticulated. Gaster normally slightly shorter than thorax, but posterior terga may
be distended; apex acute; basal gastral tergum sculptured over its apical 24 and
this tergum comprising °4 the length of the gaster.

Male.—Length, 1.2-1.8 mm. Frons, genae, and vertex bright metallic blue,
coxae with faint metallic blue sheen, otherwise head and body shining, jet black;
legs beyond coxae pale yellow or white; entire antenna brown with metallic blue
luster. Antennal scape greatly inflated, its apex just surpassing level of frontal
groove; relative proportionate lengths of parts of antenna—pedicel, 50; first
funicular segment 50; second, 50; third, 50; fourth, 50; club, 70; face faintly
reticulated; petiole 1% times as long as wide; gaster 24 as long as thorax, basal
gastral tergum normally comprising the entire gaster, with apical terga withdrawn
beneath it and only genitalia protruding.

Type locality —Brownsville, Texas.

Type.—vU.S.N.M. catalog no. 70847.

Described from 211 female and 53 male specimens, as follows. Holo-
type (°), allotype (¢), and 192 paratypes (1482, 44¢), reared at
Brownsville, Texas, in 1921 from seeds of Acacia tortosa infested by
the bruchid Mimosestes sallaei (Sharp) by J. C. Bridwell; 622, 7¢
paratypes, reared at Kingsville, Texas, May 1923, from beans of hui-
sache [Acacia], by M. M. High; 2? paratypes, reared at Victoria,
Texas, Sept. 6, 1907, possibly from Mimosestes sallaei, under Hunter
number 1410.

Biological relationships—This species is a primary parasite of bru-
chids infesting the seeds of acacias.

Horismenus carolinensis, n. sp.

Horismenus sp., Leiby, 1925, Bull. N. C. Dept. Agr., Feb., p. 60.
Horismenus n. sp., Beal and Massey, 1942, Jour. For. 40:318.

This species agrees with lixivorus Crawford in having dark colored legs, in hav-
ing the antennal scape dark, and in having the basal gastral tergum provided with
strong apical sculpturing. It differs from lixivorus in having the scutellum almost
smooth, very faintly sculptured, rather than strongly sculptured, in having the
funicular segments slender, longer than wide, rather than slightly wider than long,
and in having the vertex black rather than metallic green.

Female.—Length, 1.8—2.2 mm. Black, without metallic luster; apices of femora,
bases and apices of tibiae, and basal tarsal segments, white, legs otherwise very
dark brown to black; wing veins dark brown.

Face and genae smooth and shining; parascrobal areas below transverse frontal
groove shagreened; vertex shining, faintly reticulated; occiput and temples retic-
ulated. Eyes densely hairy. Apex of antennal scape almost reaching level of an-
terior ocellus, surpassing level of frontal groove; relative proportionate lengths of
parts of antenna—pedicel, 60; first funicular segment, 50; second, 40; third, 30;
club, 70.

Praescutum and scutum reticulated, axillae very faintly sculptured, almost
smooth; scutellum smooth medially, faintly sculptured laterally; lateral grooves

74 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971

of scutellum formed of elongate punctures, apical groove crenulate near lateral
margins, obsolete on meson; postscutellum with a pair of elongate submedian,
shagreened areas at base, apex smooth and shining; propleuron reticulated, meso-
pleuron smooth and shining; hind coxae faintly reticulated.

Propodeum smooth laterally and on narrow median area, the latter with a
shagreened area on each side, apical third of propodeum shagreened. Petiole
vertical, as wide as long, its surface closely and minutely sculptured; median, dor-
sal, longitudinal carina present on petiole. Gaster slightly longer than thorax, its
apex acute; basal gastral tergum with a narrow band of strong sculpturing near
its posterior margin, this tergum comprising 14 the length of gaster.

Male.—Length, 1.5-2.0 mm. Apex of antennal scape almost reaching level of
anterior ocellus; relative proportionate lengths of parts of antenna—pedicel, 50;
first funicular segment, 70; second, 40; third, 40; fourth, 40; club, 80, petiole 114
times as long as wide; gaster 24 as long as thorax; basal gastral tergum reticulated
near apex and this tergum comprising almost all of gaster.

Type locality—Lake Waccamaw, North Carolina.

Types.—U.S.N.M. catalog no. 70845.

Described from 5 female and 4 male specimens. Holotype ( 2 ), allo-
type (¢), and 1é paratype, Lake Waccamaw, North Carolina, reared
April 23, 1917, from larva of the flat-head appletree borer, Chryso-
bothris femorata (Olivier); 42, 2¢ paratypes, Durham, North Carolina,
reared from the twig girdler, Oncideres cingulata (Say).

Biological relationships.—Although the specimens from which this
species is described are labeled as having been reared directly from a
buprestid beetle and a cerambycid beetle, it is likely that this is actu-
ally a secondary parasite.

Horismenus depressus Gahan

Horismenus depressus Gahan, 1930, Proc. U.S.N.M. 77(8):8.—Peck in Muese-
beck et al., 1951, U.S. Dept. Agr. Monog. 2, p. 467.—Peck, 1963, Can. Ent.
Suppl. 30, p. 217.

Described from 18 female and male specimens; type ( 2), U.S.N.M.
no. 41101.

Distribution.—Tex., Calif.

This is a primary parasite of the bruchid Stator pruininus (Horn), in-
festing the seeds of Acacia and Mexican ironwood, Olneya. It has also
been reared from a “Bruchus sp.” in Acacia seeds in South Texas.

Horismenus floridanus ( Ashmead )

Holcopelte floridana Ashmead, 1888, Can. Ent. 20:102.—Dalla Torre, 1898, Cat.
Hym. 5:28.

Horismenus floridanus (Ashmead); Schmiedeknecht, 1909, Gen. Ins., fasc. 97, p.
432.—Gahan, 1933, U.S. Dept. Agr. Misc. Pub. 174, p. 128.—Gilmore, 1938,
Jour. Econ. Ent. 31:715.—Fulton, 1940, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 32:233.—Brim-
ley, 1942, Ins. N. C. Suppl., p. 34.—Nickels, 1951, Jour. Econ. Ent. 44:434.—
Peck in Muesebeck et al., 1951, U.S. Dept. Agr. Monog. 2, p. 467.—Painter,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, No. 1, MARCH, 1971 75

1955, Jour. Econ. Ent. 48:41.—Burks in Krombein et al., 1958, U.S. Dept.
Agr. Monog. 2, Suppl. 1, p. 68.—Peck, 1963, Can. Ent. Suppl. 30, p. 218.

Described from a single female specimen; type U.S.N.M. no. 41371.
Distribution.—From N. J. west to Ind., Ill., and Kans., south to Fla.
and Tex.

This is a secondary parasite of Lepidoptera. It is known to attack
Apanteles, but it probably also attacks other primary parasites.

Horismenus fraternus (Fitch)

Trichogramma? fraterna Fitch, 1856, Country Gentleman 7:235.—Fitch, 1856,
Trans. N.Y. State Agr. Soc. 15:449.—Fitch, 1856, Rpt. Nox. Ins. N.Y., p. 217.
—Howard, 1885, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 47.—Lintner, 1886, Rpt.
Inj. Ins. N.Y., 2, p. 79.—Cresson, 1887, Synopsis Hym. Amer. N. of Mex., p.
246.—Riley, 1888, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Ent. Bull. 10, p. 34.—Packard, 1890,
U.S. Dept. Agr. Rpt. Ent. Com. 5, p. 265.—Dalla Torre, 1898, Cat. Hym. 5:3
(fraternum ).—Girault, 1907, Psyche 14:33.—Schmiedeknecht, 1909, Gen. Ins.
fasc. 97, p. 485 (fraternum).—Girault, 1912, Bull. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc. 10:96.

Holcopelte fraterna (Fitch): Ashmead in Smith, 1900, Ins. N.J., p. 560.

Horismenus fraternus (Fitch): Viereck in Smith, 1910, Ins. N.J., p. 641.—Vie-
reck, 1916, Conn. State Geol. Nat. Hist. Sur. Bull. 22, p. 458.—Dunnam, 1924,
Iowa Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 220, p. 65.—Doner, 1936, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 29:
234.—Copenhafer and Parker, 1938, Jour. Kans. Ent. Soc. 11:46.—Glick, 1939,
U.S. Dept. Agr. Tech. Bull. 673, p. 48.—Nickels, 1948, Jour. Econ. Ent. 41:
114.—Peck in Muesebeck et al., 1951, U.S. Dept. Agr. Monog. 2, p. 467.—
Peck, 1963, Can. Ent. Suppl. 30, p. 218.

Elachistus euplectri Howard in Riley, 1885, U.S. Dept. Agr. Rpt. 4, Ent. Com.,
Appendix, p. 108.—Cresson, 1887, Synopsis Hym. Amer. N. of Mex., p. 243.—
Dalla Torre, 1898, Cat. Hym. 5:78. —Schmiedeknecht, 1909, Gen. Ins., fase.
97, p. 394 ( Elachertus). New synonymy.

Holcopelte euplectri (Howard): Ashmead, 1894, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, 21:342.
—Ashmead in Smith, 1900, Ins. N.J., p. 560.—Schulz, 1906, Spol. Hym., p.
143.

Horismenus euplectri (Howard): Viereck, 1916, Conn. State Geol. Nat. Hist. Sur.
Bull. 22, p. 458.—Britton, 1938, Conn. State Geol. Nat. Hist. Sur. Bull. 60, p.
144.—Peck in Muesebeck et al., 1951, U.S. Dept. Agr. Monog. 2, p. 467.—Peck,
1963, Can. Ent. Suppl. 30, p. 217.

Holcopelte violacea Ashmead, 1887, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 14:200.—Dalla Torre,
Cat. Hym. 5:29.—Bridwell, 1899, Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci. 16:206. New
synonymy.

Horismenus violaceus (Ashmead): Marshall and Musgrave, 1937, Can. Ent. 69:
101.—Nickels, 1948, Jour. Econ. Ent. 41:114.—Beckham et al., 1950, Va. Agr.
Expt. Sta. Tech. Bull. 114, p. 12—Peck in Muesebeck et al., 1951, U.S. Dept.
Agr. Monog. 2, p. 468.—Schaffner, 1959, U.S. Dept Agr. Misc. Pub. 767, p. 85.
—Peck, 1963, Can. Ent. Suppl. 30, p. 223.—Burks in Krombein and Burks,
1967, U.S. Dept. Agr. Monog. 2, Suppl. 2, p. 234.

Trichogramma? fraterna Fitch was described from an unknown num-
ber of specimens. A single female type specimen is now preserved in

76 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971

the U.S.N.M. collection. This is labeled, “5837, Fitch’s Type, From
Fitch’s Collection, Type No. 1837 U.S.N.M. Trichogramma? West-
wood, fraterna, Fitch, New York.” This specimen should be considered
to be the lectotype if other type specimens are discovered elsewhere.
E. euplectri Howard was described from 2 specimens. Lectotype ( 2 ),
41374 U.S.N.M., labeled, “2395°, Elachistus euplectri Howard ? E.
A. S. coll.” Present designation of lectotype. H. violacea Ashmead was
described from 3 specimens. Lectotype female, 41372 U.S.N.M., labeled,
“Jacksonville, Fla., Holcopelte violacea Ashm.” Present designation of
lectotype.

Distribution.—Conn. south to Fla. west to Wis., Iowa, Kans., and
lex:

This is principally a secondary parasite of Lepidoptera, attacking
braconid and chalcidoid primary parasites. It also has been reared,
however, as a primary parasite from lepidopterous leafminers and other
minute lepidopterous hosts.

Horismenus ignotus, n. sp.

Horismenus n. sp., Creighton, 1937, Jour. Econ. Ent. 30:595.

This species differs from all others in this genus in North America in having
both the face and the median area of the propodeum sculptured rather than
smooth and shining. It resembles productus Ashmead in having the legs beyond
the coxae light yellow or white and in having an elongate, slender gaster.

Female.—Length, 2.0-2.5 mm. Shining black, sometimes with a metallic red-
bronze luster on head, thoracic dorsum, propodeum, and basal gastral tergum;
legs beyond coxae pale yellow or white; antennae and wing veins pale yellow.
Body hairs noticeably long, legs hairy.

Face reticulated, genae smooth; parascrobal areas below frontal groove minutely
reticulated; vertex minutely roughened, occiput more strongly so; temples smooth.
Eyes with dense, short hair. Apex of antennal scape just surpassing frontal groove;
relative proportionate lengths of parts of antenna—pedicel, 70; first funicular seg-
ment, 60; second, 50; third, 50; club, 100.

Entire thoracic dorsum shining, but faintly reticulated; lateral and apical mar-
gins of scutellum somewhat irregular and poorly defined, formed of rows of flat-
tened punctures; postscutellum with a pair of elongate, submedian, shagreened
areas at base, apex smooth and shining. Propleuron, prepectus, and area of meso-
pleuron ventral to base of forewing sculptured, rest of mesopleuron smooth; coxae
minutely sculptured.

Propodeum lacking the usual narrow, smooth, longitudinal area, a rather broad,
sculptured median area present instead, this limited laterally by a pair of paren-
thesis-shaped carinae; a pair of large, shagreened areas at anterior margin of pro-
podeum, between median figure and spiracles; posterior neck of propodeum also
shagreened, elsewhere propodeum smooth and shining; spiracles minute, round;
paraspiracular carinae wanting. Petiole wider than long, lacking the median, dor-
sal, longitudinal carina; surface of petiole closely and minutely reticulated. Gaster
slender, elongate, its length slightly greater than that of thorax and propodeum;

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, No. 1, MARCH, 1971 i

first gastral tergum comprising 14 the dorsal length of gaster; posterior 14 of first
gastral tergum sculptured on dorsum.

Male.—Unknown.

Type locality.— Gainesville, Florida.

Type.—U.S.N.M. catalog no. 70846.

Described from 51 female specimens. Type and 3 paratypes, Gaines-
ville, Florida, reared from material of the palm leaf skeletonizer,
Homaledra sabalella (Chambers), G. L. Creighton; 34 paratypes, Or-
lando, Florida, reared May 2, 1914, from Homaledra sabalella on Thri-
nax; 13 paratypes, Hammond, Louisiana, reared June 11, 1923, by H.
F. Cassell, possibly from Homaledra sabalella.

Biological relationships.—This may be a primary parasite of the
larva of the palm leaf skeletonizer, Homaledra sabalella (Chambers ).

Horismenus latrodecti, n. sp.

This species agrees with lixivorus Crawford in having the legs and the an-
tennal scape dark and in having the funicular segments broad, slightly wider than
long. They differ in that this species has the scutellum mostly smooth, rather than
strongly reticulated, and the basal gastral tergum of this species comprises 1 the
gaster, while it comprises only 14 of it in lixivorus.

Female.—Length, 1.5-1.8 mm. Shining black, without metallic luster; an-
tennae brown; apices of femora, bases and apices of tibiae, and basal segments
of tarsi white, legs otherwise dark brown to black; wing veins brown.

Face and genae smooth and shining; parascrobal areas below frontal groove
shagreened; vertex reticulated, occiput and temples shagreened. Eyes densely
hairy. Apex of antennal scape not quite reaching level of vertex; relative pro-
portionate lengths of parts of antenna—pedicel, 50; first funicular segment, 30:
second, 30; third, 30; club, 70.

Praescutum, scutum, and axillae lightly sculptured, scutellum smooth and _ shin-
ing in median area, very faintly reticulated at lateral margins; lateral and apical
scutellar grooves minutely crenulate; postscutellum with a pair of elongate, sub-
median, shagreened areas at base, apex smooth and shining, propleuron reticu-
lated, mesopleuron smooth and shining. All coxae smooth.

Propodeum smooth laterally and on narrow, elongate median area, the latter
surrounded by a narrow shagreened area, this extending posteriorly to encircle
apical neck of propodeum; propodeal spiracles small, oval, paraspiracular carinae
present, but poorly defined anteriorly. Petiole as broad as long, its surface mi-
nutely shagreened. Gaster as long as thorax, its apex acute; basal gastral tergum
lightly sculptured apically and comprising basal % of gaster; apical terga more
heavily sculptured than basal one and clothed with conspicuously white, short
bristles.

Male.—Length, 0.7-1.3 mm. Apex of antennal scape just reaching level of
vertex; relative proportionate lengths of parts of antenna—pedicel, 40; first fu-
nicular segment, 30; second, 30; third, 30; fourth, 30; club, 50; petiole 114 times
as long as wide; gaster 24 as long as thorax, basal gastral tergum very faintly or
not at all sculptured at apex and comprising from 34 to %o of the gaster.

Type locality — Uvalde, Texas.

78 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, No. 1, MARCH, 1971

Types.—Holotype (2 ) and paratypes, U.S.N.M. catalog no. 70844.

Described from 22 female and 9 male specimens reared at Uvalde,
Texas, September 12, 1941, from an egg sac of the black widow spider,
Latrodectus mactans ( Fabricius ), by H. M. Brundrett.

Biological relationships.—This is a secondary parasite. The egg sac
from which the Horismenus specimens emerged contains puparia of
chloropid flies that show emergence holes of parasites. The chloropid
was undoubtedly the primary parasite; it probably was Pseudogaurax
signatus (Loew).

Horismenus lixivorus (Crawford )

Horisemus lixivorus Crawford, 1907, Jour. N.Y. Ent. Soc. 15:180.

Horismenus lixivorus (Crawford): Pierce, 1908, Jour. Econ. Ent. 1:385.—Pierce,
1910, Jour. Econ. Ent. 3:453.—Mitchell and Pierce, 1911, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.
13:51.—Pierce et al., 1912, U.S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 100, p. 75.—Peck
in Muesebeck et al., 1951, U.S. Dept. Agr. Monog. 2, p. 467.—Peck, 1963, Can.
Ent. Suppl. 30, p. 219.—Burks in Krombein and Burks, 1967, U.S. Dept. Agr.
Monog. 2, Suppl. 2, p. 234.

When he described this species, Crawford undoubtedly spelled the
generic name Horismenus as Horisemus only in error. The fact, how-
ever, that he used that spelling along with the description of a valid
species must, unfortunately, make Horisemus a published name, un-
available for use again elsewhere in Zoological nomenclature. Neave
(1939) lists Horisemus Crawford, 1907, in vol. II of Nomenclator
Zoologicus as a published generic name.

H. lixivorus was described from an unstated number of male and fe-
male specimens. There are now 5 type specimens in the U.S.N.M.
Collection. Lectotype (2), U.S.N.M. 10046, labeled, “Hunter No.
1082, Par. Lixus musculus, P. 1906, p. V.11.a 10/16, Dallas, Tx., X.2.06.”
Present designation of lectotype.

Distribution.—Tex., Ariz.

This is a primary parasite of curculionid beetles. It has been reared
from Lixus perforatus LeConte, L. musculus Say, and L. scrobicollis
Boheman. Mitchell and Pierce, 1911, loc. cit., have also recorded this
species from Cylindrocopturus, but I have not been able to locate the
material on which that record was based. Published records of this
species from a lepidopterous leafminer (Proctor, 1935, and a later edi-
tion) are based on a misidentification.

Horismenus microgaster (Ashmead)

Holcopelte microgaster Ashmead, 1888, Can. Ent. 20:102.—Dalla Torre, 1898,
Cat. Hym. 5:28.

Horismenus microgastri (!) Burgess, 1906, Ohio Dept. Agr. Div. N. and O. L.,
Ann. Rpt. 4, p. 14.—Cotton, 1906, Ohio Dept. Agr., Div. N. and O. I., Bull. 7,
p. 51.—Washburn, 1906, U.S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 60, p. 73.—Howard

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971 79

and Chittenden, 1907, U.S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Cir. 96, p. 5.—Howard and
Chittenden, 1916, U.S. Dept. Agr. F. Bull. 705, p. 5.

Horismenus microgaster (Ashmead): Crawford, 1907, Jour. N.Y. Ent. Soc. 15:
180.—Schmiedeknecht, 1909, Gen. Ins., fasc. 97, p. 433.—Girault, 1911, Can.
Ent. 43:407. —Proper, 1934, Jour. Agr. Res. 48:365.—Langford, 1937, Jour.
Econ. Ent. 30:322.—Bissell, 1938, Jour. Econ. Ent. 31:536.—Procter, 1938,
Biol. Surv. Mt. Des. Reg., p. 429.—Reinhart, 1938, Tex. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull.
559, p. 31.—Summerland, 1938, Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci. 40:167.—Parker and
Lamerson, 1939, Verh. VII Int. Cong. Ent. 4:2384.—Gould and Geissler, 1940,
Jour. Econ. Ent. 33:815.—Schread et al., Conn. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 461, p.
492.—Whitcomb et al., 1943, Mass. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 409, p. 8.—Procter,
1946, Biol. Surv. Mt. Des. Reg., p. 490.—Peck in Muesebeck, et al., 1951, U.S.
Dept. Agr. Monog. 2, p. 467.—Beal, 1952, Duke Univ. For. Bull. 14, p. 29.—
Hill and Hough, 1957, Va. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bull. 130, p. 16—Schaffner,
1959, U.S. Dept. Agr. Misc. Pub. 767, p. 85.—Peck, 1963, Can. Ent. Suppl. 30,
p. 220.—Burks in Krombein and Burks, 1967, U.S. Dept. Agr. Monog. 2, Suppl.
2, p. 234.

Pediobioidea cyanea Webster, 1909, Iowa Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 102, p. 207 (ms.
name ). —Girault, 1911, Can. Ent. 43:407 (syn. under Horismenus microgaster
when described ).

Pseudomphale ancylae Girault, 1916, Ent. News 27:223.—Leach, 1916, U.S.
Dept. Agr. Dept. Bull. 435, p. 11. New synonymy.

Horismenus ancylae (Girault): Peck in Muesebeck et al., 1951, U.S. Dept. Agr.
Monog. 2, p. 467.

It is debatable whether or not the name Pediobioidea cyanea Girault
should be listed in the bibliography. In his 1911 paper Girault states
that he gave this name to Webster in 1909 and that Webster used it in
a paper. (In Webster's paper the name was accompanied only by host
records, so it was not validated.) After 1909, Girault realized that
cyanea was a synonym of Horismenus microgaster, and he did not pub-
lish a description of cyanea. Instead, in his 1911 paper, Girault listed
Pediobioidea cyanea as a synonym of Horismenus microgaster and gave
a lengthy description of microgaster, being careful to state that this
description was drawn not from the type of microgaster but from the
specimens on which he had intended to base the description of Pedio-
bioidea cyanea. Thus Girault certainly came as near as he possibly
could to describing a new genus and species while stating that he was
not doing it.

H. microgaster Ashmead was described from a single male specimen;
the type is U.S.N.M. 12205. P. ancylae Girault was described from 1
male and 1 female specimens. Lectotype (?), 20131 U.S.N.M., la-
beled, “Winchester, Va., 1V—10-1915, Reared from Ancylus nubeculana,
Quaintance No. 7867, B. R. Leach Coll.” Specimen on a point, but
head and one pair of wings mounted on a slide. Present designation of
lectotype. No types were designated for the stillborn P. cyanea Gir-

80 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971

ault, although Webster's original material is preserved in the U.S.N.M.
collection.
Distribution.—Maine south to N.C., west to Iowa, Kans., and Tex.
This is a common secondary parasite of Lepidoptera, attacking
ichneumonoid and chalcidoid primary parasites. It also has been
reared, apparently as a primary parasite, from lepidopterous leafminers
and other minute Lepidoptera.

Horismenus missouriensis (Ashmead )

Holcopelte missouriensis Ashmead, 1888, Can. Ent. 20:101.
Cat. Hym. 5:28.

Horismenus missouriensis (Ashmead): Schmiedeknecht, 1909, Gen. Ins., fase. 97,
p. 433.—Girault, 1934, Mir. et Hym. Nova Austr., p. 3.—Bissell, 1938, Jour.
Econ. Ent. 31:536.—Brimley, 1938, Ins. N. C., p. 424.—Brett, 1946, Jour.
Agr. Res. 73:84.—Peck in Muesebeck et al., 1951, U.S. Dept. Agr. Monog. 2,
p. 467. —Burks in Krombein et al., 1958, U.S. Dept. Agr. Monog. 2, Suppl. 1,
p. 68.—Peck, 1963, Can. Ent. Suppl. 30, p. 221.

Holcopelte popenoei Ashmead, 1888, Can. Ent. 20:101—Wickham, 1895, Bull.
Iowa Lab. Nat. Hist. 3:35.—Dalla Torre, 1898, Cat. Hym. 5:28.—Bridwell,
1899, Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci. 16:206.

Horismenus popenoei (Ashmead): Quaintance, 1907, U.S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent.
Bull. 68, p. 29.—Schmiedeknecht, 1909, Gen. Ins., fase. 97, p. 433.—Viereck,
1916, Bull. Conn. State Geol. Nat. Hist. Sur. 22, p. 458—Gahan, 1930, Proc.
U.S. Natl. Mus. 77(8):8.—Girault, 1934, Mir. et Hym. Nova Austr., p. 3 (syn.
of missouriensis )—Peck in Muesebeck et al., 1951, U.S. Dept. Agr. Monog. 2,
p. 467.—Peck, 1963, Can. Ent. Suppl. 30, p. 221.

Dalla Torre, 1898,

H. missouriensis Ashmead was described from 2 female specimens.
Lectotype (2), U.S.N.M. 41369, labeled, “Missouri, Holcopelte mis-
souriensis Ashm. Type.” Present designation of lectotype. Only this
specimen can at present be located in the collection, but the other type
specimen may be found later. Consequently it seems best to designate
a lectotype. H. popenoei Ashmead was described from 4 female spec-
imens. Lectotype (2), U.S.N.M. 41370, labeled, “Mar. 15, Riley Co.,
F. Marlatt, 149, 1274.” Present designation of lectotype.

Distribution.—N.Y. south to Ga., west to S. Dak., Kans. and Okla.

This is a primary parasite of bruchids, having been reared from
Acanthoscelides, Amblycerus, Gibbobruchus, and “Bruchus sp.”

Horismenus nitens ( Howard)

Holcopelte nitens Howard, 1892, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 2:298.—Dalla Torre,
1898, Cat. Hym. 5:28.

Horismenus nitens (Howard): Schmiedeknecht, 1909, Gen. Ins., fase. 97, p.
433.—Peck in Muesebeck et al., 1951, U.S. Dept. Agr. Monog. 2, p. 467.—
Peck, 1963, Can. Ent. Suppl. 30, p. 221.

H. nitens Howard was described from 2 male and 5 female speci-
mens; these specimens are still in the U.S.N.M. collection, but all are

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, No. 1, MarcH, 1971 rome

more or less broken. Lectotype (2), U.S.N.M. 2686, labeled, “Wash-
ington, D.C., Epeira, Holcopelte nitens How. 2 type.” Present des-
ignation of lectotype.

Distribution —D.C.

This is a secondary parasite in the egg sacs of epeirid spiders.

Horismenus productus ( Ashmead )

Holcopelte producta Ashmead, 1894, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 21:342.—Town-
send, 1895, Can. Ent. 27:277.—Dalla Torre, 1898, Cat. Hym. 5:28.—Cockerell,
1899, Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci. 16:214.

Horismenus productus (Ashmead): Schmiedeknecht, 1909, Gen. Ins., fase. 97, p.
433.—Crawford, 1911, Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 40:446—Peck in Muesebeck et
al., 1951, U.S. Dept. Agr. Monog. 2, p. 467—Peck, 1963, Can. Ent. Suppl. 30,

aaa.

H. producta Ashmead was described from “several” specimens of
both sexes. There are now 12, 33 type specimens in the U.S.N.M.
collection. Lectotype (2), U.S.N.M. 2184, labeled, “N. Mex.” Present
designation of lectotype.

Distribution.—Tex., N. Mex., Ariz., Calif.

This is a primary parasite of bruchids. It has been reared from
Mimosestes amicus (Horn), Algarobius prosopis (LeConte), Acantho-
scelides horni (Pic), and an undetermined bruchid in Astragalus.

Horismenus sardus ( Walker )

Entendon (Horismenus) sardus Walker, 1847, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 1, 20:23.
—Cresson, 1862, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. 1:231.

Entedon sardus Walker: Howard, 1885, U.S. Dept. Agr. Bull. Div. Ent. 5, p. 47.
—Cresson, 1887, Synopsis Hym. Amer. N. of Mex., p. 245.

Encyrtus sardus (Walker): Dalla Torre, 1898, Cat. Hym. 5:263.—Schmiede-
knecht, 1909, Gen. Ins., fase. 97, p. 246.

Pseudomphale sardus (Walker): Girault, 1918, Ent. News 29:130.

Horismenus sardus (Walker): Peck in Muesebeck et al., 1951, U.S. Dept. Agr.
Monog. 2, p. 468.—Peck, 1963, Can. Ent. Suppl. 30, p. 222.

Elachristus (!) flavipes Ashmead, 1886, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 13:133.—Cresson,
1887, Synopsis Hym. Amer. N. of Mex., p. 244 (Elachistus). New synonymy.

Holcopelte flavipes (Ashmead): Ashmead, 1887, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 14:200.
—Dalla Torre, 1898, Cat. Hym. 5:28.

Horismenus flavipes (Ashmead): Schmiedeknecht, 1909, Gen. Ins., fasc. 97, p.
432.—Peck in Muesebeck et al., 1951, U.S. Dept. Agr. Monog. 2, p. 467.—
Peck, 1963, Can. Ent. Suppl. 30, p. 218.

E. sardus was apparently described from one female specimen from
“North America.” A single 2 type specimen, in good condition, is now
in the British Museum (Natural History) collection and is labeled,
“Sardus, Type, Horismenus sardus Walk. Type, G. J. Kerrich.” E.
flavipes Ashmead was described from one female specimen. The type
is U.S.N.M. 41373.

82, PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, No. 1, MARCH, 1971

Horismenus texanus (Girault)

Pseudomphale texana Girault, 1917 (1916), Ins. Ins. Mens. 4:120.

Horismenus texanus (Girault): Gahan, 1933, U.S. Dept. Agr. Misc. Pub. 174, p.
128.—Allen and Painter, 1937, Jour. Agr. Res. 55:225.—Britton, 1938, Conn.
State Geol. Nat. Hist. Sur. Bull. 60, p. 144.—Peck in Muesebeck et al., 1951,
U.S. Dept. Agr. Monog. 2, p. 468.—Nikolskaya, 1952, Chalcid Fauna USSR, p.
268.—Peck, 1963, Can. Ent. Suppl. 30, p. 222.

P. texana Girault was described from one female specimen. Type,
U.S.N.M. 20661. Specimen badly damaged, with fragmentary parts
mounted on a slide and remains of thorax and abdomen on a card
point.

Distribution —Conn. south to Ga. and La., west to Iowa, Kans.,
Tex., N. Mex., and Ariz.

This is a primary parasite of small Diptera living in the stems of
grasses. It has been reared from the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor
(Say), the wheat stem maggot, Meromyza americana Fitch, and the
otitid Eumetopiella rufipes (Macquart). Specimens have also been
reared from grasses without a clear indication of their hosts, but the
hosts were probably dipterous.

EXCLUDED SPECIES

Galeopsomyia haemon (Walker), n. comb.

Tetrastichus haemon Walker, 1847, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 1, 20:28——Howard,
1885, U.S. Bur. Ent. Bull. 5, p. 47 [laemon].—Cresson, 1887, Synopsis Hym.
Amer. N. of Mex., p. 245.—Dalla Torre, 1898, Cat. Hym. 5:16.—Schmiede-
knecht, 1909, Gen. Ins., fase. 97, p. 475.

Horismenus haemon (Walker): Burks, 1943, Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 93:605.—
Peck in Muesebeck et al., 1951, U.S. Dept. Agr. Monog. 2, p. 467.—Peck, 1963,
Can. Ent. Suppl. 30, p. 219.

In 1938, when I was working on a revision of the North American
species of Tetrastichus, I requested information about the type of
Tetrastichus haemon Walker from Ch. Ferriére, who was at that time
at the British Museum. The information he sent to me led me to be-
lieve that haemon was a Horismenus. Unfortunately, that is incorrect,
and haemon actually belongs in Galeopsomyia Girault, according to
recent information sent to me by G. J. Kerrich. Accordingly I am here
transferring haemon to Galeopsomyia. It may be the same species as
G. columbiana (Ashmead), 1888, although specific differences in the
genus Galeopsomyia have not yet been worked out. T. haemon was de-
scribed from 4 specimens from Florida; I here designate the lectotype.
It is a female specimen, deposited in the British Museum (Natural
History) type collection, and is labeled “haemon” in Walker's hand
and “Type CF 1938.” There are 3 other specimens of haemon in the
main B. M. collection, a female and 2 males.

PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971 83

REFERENCES

Ashmead, W. H. 1904. Classification of the chalcid flies. Mem. Carnegie Mus.
1(4) :225—551.

Boucek, Z. 1965. Studies of European Eulophidae, IV. Acta Ent. Mus. Nat.
Prag. 36:5—90.

Burks, B. D. 1943. The North American parasitic wasps of the genus Tetra-
stichus. Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus. 93:505-608.

1966. The North American species of Pediobius Walker. Proc.
Ent. Soc. Wash. 68( 1) :33—44.

Cresson, E. T. 1887. Synopsis of the Hymenoptera of America North of
Mexico. Philadelphia, 351 p.

Graham, M. W. R. deV. 1959. Keys to the British genera and species of
Elachertinae, Eulophinae, Entedontinae, and Euderinae. Trans. Soc. Brit.
Ent. 13(10) :169-204.

Neave, S. A. 1939. Nomenclator Zoologicus, vol. Il. London, 1025 p.

Peck, O. 1951. In C. F. W. Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr. Monog. 2,
Chalcidoidea, p. 410-594.

Procter, W. 1938. Biological Survey of the Mt. Desert Region, pt. VI. Phila-
delphia, 496 p.

Walker, F. 1846. List of the specimens of Hymenopterous Insects in the
collection of the British Museum. Part 1.—Chalcidites. British Museum,
London, 100 p.

NORTH AMERICAN DELTOCEPHALINE LEAFHOPPERS OF
THE GENUS AMBLYSELLUS SLEESMAN
(HoMopTERA: CICADELLIDAE )

JaMes P. Kramer, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture!

ABSTRACT—The North American genus Amblysellus Sleesman is redefined to
include seven species: A. curtisii (Fitch); A. wyomus, n. sp.; A. durus (Beamer
and Tuthill), n. comb.; A. valens (Beamer and Tuthill), n. comb.; A. dorsti
(Oman), n. comb.; A. punctatus (Osborn and Ball), n. comb.; and A. grex
(Oman), n. comb. All species are keyed and redescribed with all critical diag-
nostic features illustrated. New distributional records and host plant data are

included.

The genus Amblysellus Sleesman has been long defined on the basis
of the only included species, Amblycephalus curtisii Fitch, a common
eastern North American deltocephaline leafhopper. A study of Delto-
cephalus Burmeister, Amblysellus and 16 related North American

1 Mail address: c/o U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560.

84 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971

genera, including over 100 species, with the common character of a
linear connective fused with the aedeagus, has convinced me _ that
many of the presently accepted generic definitions, based heavily on
the venation of the forewings, are neither inclusive nor exclusive. This
paper is one of a series in which realignments and new definitions will
be proposed for this group of deltocephaline leafhoppers.

Amblysellus, as here defined, includes seven species. Five of these
were formally in Deltocephalus, and one is new. Except for curtisii,
all of the species are western in distribution. Little is known concern-
ing true host and/or food plants, but all are likely grass feeders.

Amblysellus Sleesman

Amblysellus Sleesman, 1929:93. Type-species: Amblycephalus curtisii Fitch,
1851:61.

Revised description. Moderately small (2.2-3.8 mm) and comparatively robust
leafhoppers; head including eyes as wide as or slightly wider than pronotum;
crown produced beyond eyes and acute to bluntly angular at apex; anterior mar-
gin of crown broadly and smoothly rounded to face, crown in lateral view slightly
inflated or not, marginal ocelli small and rather remote from eyes, clypeal suture
obscure, clypellus quadrate with sides parallel. Forewings long and extending
well beyond apex of abdomen or shortened and exposing apex of abdomen; in
forms with shortened forewings, the apical cells and each appendix are much re-
duced and at times nearly absent. Forewing usually with three anteapical cells;
inner cell open or closed basally; central cell divided or not; outer cell normal,
reduced or sometimes absent.

Male genitalia. Connective linear and fused with aedeagus; aedeagus in lateral
view essentially transverse with distal portion of shaft obliquely upturned or shaft
greatly elongated and smoothly upturned distally, extreme aedeagal apex elongated
oval capitate (except durus), with finlike, hoodlike, or lanceolate processes near
and extending beyond ventral margin of aedeagus (except curtisii), gonopore sub-
apical and visible in ventral aspect at base of variously developed cleft or slit,
extreme apex of aedeagus in dorsal view usually open on distal margin; style in
dorsal view with mesal lobe moderately long, stout, and marginally irregular and
lateral lobe rather short, broad, and blunt.

Diagnosis. Amblysellus can be separated from all other North American leaf-
hoppers with a fused linear connective and aedeagus by the following combina-
tion of characters: aedeagus obliquely upturned distally with extreme apex en-
larged and irregularly oval (except durus), with finlike, hoodlike, or lanceolate
processes near and extending beyond ventral margin (except curtisii), gonopore
subapical on ventral margin at base of variously developed cleft or notch; style
in dorsal view with mesal lobe moderately long, stout, and marginally irregular
and lateral lobe short, broad, and blunt. Forewings not appearing reticulate due
to extra crossveins.

Key TO THE NorTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF Amblysellus

1. Aedeagus without a clearly defined finlike, hoodlike, or lanceolate process
near andwextending, beyond: ventral: margin ee ee 2

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971 85

Aedeagus with a clearly defined finlike, hoodlike, or lanceolate process near

and extendine beyond ventral margin: 2) 2 3
2. Forewings brown with veins yellowish green, strongly contrasting; mark-
ings Of Crown and pronotum) as in fig, ] = eurtisii (Fitch)
Forewings reddish brown with veins concolorous, not contrasting; markings
Of crown ang: pronotum asin figs 8 2. wyomus, n. sp.
3. Processes closer to base of aedeagus than to apex of aedeagus — 4
Processes closer to apex of aedeagus than to base of aedeagus — 5
4. Process hoodlike and broad, aedeagal shaft narrow and greatly elongated
(ig vee IRC) keel ae Sat oe ee _ Sie rE durus (Beamer & Tuthill)

Process lanceolate and acute, aedeagal shaft not as above (fig. 21) —
Smee nls se SANE 8G Se 5 ee ee valens (Beamer & Tuthill)
5. Aedeagus without a long neckline area between ventral process and oval

apicalmancam (hie cone eerie A ao oe a dorsti (Oman)
Aedeagus with a long necklike area between ventral process and oval apical
ELT Gotan ere PE i 6

6. Ventral process broad basally and finely serrated on distal margin (fig. 36);
mesal lobe of style not clearly expanded near middle (figs. 39-40) —
Se a NS eS aN es punctatus (Osborn & Ball)
Ventral process narrow basally and coarsely serrated laterally and distally
(fig. 44); mesal lobe of style strongly expanded near middle (figs. 42-43)
NUNN rade PUSAN Schr rats Ek Ea A ee Re grex (Oman)

Amblysellus curtisii ( Fitch )
(Figs. 1-7)

Amblycephalus curtisii Fitch, 1851:61.
Amblysellus curtisii (Fitch): Sleesman, 1929:131.

Length. Male 3.0-3.5 mm. Female 3.2—3.6 mm.

Structure. Crown varying from bluntly angular to acute at apex in dorsal view
(fig. 1). Forewings long and extending well beyond abdomen (macropterous
forms) or shortened and exposing at least a portion of the genital segment (sub-
macropterous forms). Inner anteapical cell rarely closed basally, usually open;
central anteapical cell undivided; outer anteapical cell rarely normal, usually
much reduced, or entirely absent. Apical cells moderately long to distinctly short-
ened. Appendix small.

Coloration. Venter of abdomen and thorax dark fuscus to black and variably
paler at segmental margins; legs pale brown to stramineous, all femora, except
apices, and hind tibiae infuscated to blackened; face stramineous to pale yellow-
ish green with all sutures, clypeal arcs above level of antennae, margins of clypeus
below level of antennae, portions of genae under eyes and base of antennae, and
most of clypellus broadly infuscated or blackened, darkened clypeal arcs often
fused to form an irregular blotch, markings on lower portion of face considered
together form an irregular “Y” with stalk on clypellus and an arm under each
eye; crown, pronotum, and scutellum with same ground color as face and marked
with fuscus to black (fig. 1), small spots at extreme coronal apex often reduced
or absent, darkened portion of posterior pronotal margin variable, at times nearly
absent; forewings brown or brown hyaline with veins strongly yellowish green,
apical veins often concolorous with brown ground color.

86 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, No. 1, MARCH, 1971

curtisil

Figs. 1-7. Amblysellus curtisii (Fitch): 1, head and thoracic dorsum; 2,
style in dorsal view; 3, distal portion of style in lateral view; 4, aedeagal apex in
dorsal view; 5, distal portion of aedeagus in lateral view; 6, distal portion of
aedeagus in ventral view; 7, aedeagus and connective in lateral view.

Male genitalia. Aedeagus in lateral view (fig. 7) with shaft narrowed distally
and obliquely upturned, extreme apical portion (fig. 5) elongated and oval.
Gonopore below apex on venter of shaft (fig. 6). Aedeagal apex in dorsal view
(fig. 4) usually slightly cleft. Style in dorsal view (fig. 2) with mesal lobe stout
and irregular along inner margin. Mesal lobe of style in lateral view (fig. 3) with
a blunt tooth near apex.

Female genitalia. Pregenital sternum with lateral margins narrowly rounded
and obliquely directed mesad thus exposing underlying sclerites, posterior margin
concave on middle third and at times with a vaguely defined broad blunt tooth
at center of concavity.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, No. 1, MARCH, 1971 87

Records. The type locality is [Salem?], New York. My confirmed rec-
ords: CONNECTICUT, Stamford; DELAWARE), Wilmington; DIS-
TRICT OF COLUMBIA, Washington; ILLINOIS, Algonquin, Carbon-
dale, Elgin, Urbana; IOWA, Ames, Fairfax, Iowa City; KANSAS,
Cherokee Co., Douglas Co.; MAINE, Portland; MARYLAND, Belts-
villee MASSACHUSETTS, Chicopee, Monterey, Northboro, Waverly;
MICHIGAN, East Lansing; MINNESOTA, Brandon; MISSOURI, Co-
lumbia; NEW HAMPSHIRE, Bath; NEW YORK, Ithaca, Lancaster,
Remsen, Salem, West Nyack; OHIO, Barberton, Columbus, Delaware,
Salineville; ONTARIO, Toronto, Vineland; PENNSYLVANIA, Echo
Lake, Hazelton; VERMONT, Jay, Newport, Wells River, Woodstock;
VIRGINIA, Arlington, Bluemont; WEST VIRGINIA, Randolph Co.,
Upshur Co.; WISCONSIN, Madison, Osceola.

Notes. The strongly bicolored forewings provide an easy basis for
separating curtisii from its congeners; but the aedeagus of curtisii
strongly resembles that of wyomus; compare fig. 7 and fig. 13. This is
the only member of the genus known east of the Mississippi River, but
the species is known as far west as the Dakotas, Nebraska, and Kan-
sas. Even though curtisii is recorded for some southern states, Georgia
and South Carolina, it appears to be most abundant in the northern
part of its range. Recorded plant associations include bluegrass mead-
ows, small grains, and legumes.

Amblysellus wyomus, n. sp.

(Figs. 8-13)

Length. Male 2.8-3.0 mm. Female 2.9-3.1 mm.

Structure. Crown bluntly angular at apex in dorsal view (fig. 8). Forewings
long and extending just beyond abdomen (macropterous forms) or much short-
ened and entirely exposing genital and pregenital segments and middle portion
of preceding abdominal segment with apical cells and each appendix greatly re-
duced (submacropterous forms). Inner anteapical cell usually closed basally;
central anteapical cell not divided; outer anteapical cell normal, open basally, or
reduced.

Coloration. Venter of abdomen dark fuscus to black, edges of segments variably
paler or not; venter of thorax and legs reddish brown with tibiae and tarsi at
times slightly darker; face reddish brown with clypeal arcs darkened; crown,
pronotum, and scutellum reddish brown with four small dark spots along an-
terior margin of crown (fig. 8), lateral pair of spots often obscure or wanting;
forewings reddish brown hyaline with veins concolorous, cells distally often
darker; dorsum of abdomen dark fuscus to black with pregenital segment variably
white or yellowish.

Male genitalia. Aedeagus in lateral view (fig. 13) with a weakly developed
broad fin (actually paired structures but only one visible in lateral view) ven-
trally at base of long obliquely upturned distal shaft; extreme apex irregularly
elongated oval. Apical portion of aedeagus in ventral view (fig. 10) with gono-
pore at base of elongated slit; apex of aedeagus in dorsal view (fig. 12) cleft;

88 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971

wyomus

Figs. 8-13. Amblysellus wyomus, n. sp.: 8, head and thoracic dorsum; 9
style in dorsal view; 10, apical portion of aedeagus in ventral view; 11, distal por-
tion of style in lateral view; 12, aedeagal apex in dorsal view; 13, aedeagus and
connective in lateral view.

style in dorsal view (fig. 9) with mesal lobe slightly expanded on lateral margin
and lateral lobe broad and blunt; mesal lobe of style in lateral view (fig. 11) with
a tooth near apex on irregular ventral margin.

Female genitalia. Posterior margin of pregenital sternum appearing transverse
to slightly concave.

Records. Holotype male (USNM type no. 70813) and allotype fe-
male, nine miles east of Laramie, Wyoming, 8,600 ft., 16 August 1968,
P. W. Oman. Six male and six female paratypes with same data; one
female paratype Hamilton, Montana, 19 July 1949, R. H. Beamer.

Notes. This species is distinctive on the easily observed coloration

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, No. 1, MARCH, 1971 89

durus

re ys

Figs. 14-19. Amblysellus durus (Beamer and Tuthill): 14, head and thoracic
dorsum; 15, style in dorsal view; 16, distal portion of style in lateral view; 17,
apical portion of aedeagus in ventral view; 18, aedeagal apex in dorsal view; 19,
aedeagus and connective in lateral view.

SKOnES

as well as on the unique features of the aedeagus. The reddish brown
head, thorax, and forewings contrast rather sharply with the dark fus-
cus to black abdomen. In the short winged forms, dorsally, the pale
pregenital segment is striking. The aedeagus of wyomus is most similar
to that of curtisii, but the styles are different. The coloration and dis-
tribution are entirely dissimilar in the two species. No plant associa-
tions are known for wyomus.

Amblysellus durus (Beamer and Tuthill), 1. comb.
(Figs. 14-19)

Deltocephalus durus Beamer and Tuthill, 1934:20.

Length. Male. 2.8-3.2 mm. Female 3.1-3.6 mm.

Structure. Crown bluntly angular at apex in dorsal view (fig. 14). Forewings
shortened and exposing dorsum of genital segment and often much of pregenital
segment (submacropterous forms). Inner anteapical cell rarely open basally, usu-
ally closed; central anteapical cell usually undivided; outer anteapical cell not re-
duced. Apical cells shortened; appendix small. Macropterous forms unknown.

90 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971

Coloration. Venter of abdomen and thorax pale brown and variably infuscated
or blackened, often appearing largely dark but always at least edges of segments
paler; legs pale brown and variably infuscated, never appearing entirely fuscus;
face pale brown to sordid stramineous with clypeal arcs, upper edges of genae,
and central portion of clypellus variably infuscated or blackened, markings on
clypeal arcs often fused but with central area of clypeus below level of antennae
unmarked; crown, pronotum, and scutellum pale brown marked with black and
various shades of brown (fig. 14), longitudinal stripes on pronotum often vague;
forewings light brown hyaline with veins sordid whitish and cells variably in-
fuscated.

Male genitalia. Aedeagus in lateral view (fig. 19) with an expansion near base
of shaft projecting beyond margin; shaft elongated, slender, and smoothly up-
turned distally. Apical portion of aedeagus in ventral view (fig. 17) with gono-
pore much below cleft apex. Tip of aedeagus in dorsal view (fig. 18) cleft. Style
in dorsal view (fig. 15) with mesal lobe irregular on inner margin and lateral
lobe short and blunt. Mesal lobe of style in lateral view (fig. 16) irregularly ser-
rated on ventral margin with a distinct tooth near apex.

Female genitalia. Posterior margin of pregenital sternum irregularly transverse
or vaguely and broadly concave with the slightest suggestion of a tooth at middle.

Records. The type locality is Flagstaff, Arizona. My confirmed
records: ARIZONA, Chiricahua Mts., Flagstaff, Mt. Graham, Santa
Catalina Mts., Santa Rita Mts.; NEW MEXICO, Cloudcroft.

Notes. The aedeagus of durus is unique and provides the best char-
acters for the identification of the species. The host plants of this south-
western species are unknown.

Amblysellus valens (Beamer and Tuthill), n. comb.
(Figs. 20-25)

Deltocephalus valens Beamer and Tuthill, 1934:20.

Length. Male 2.4-2.8 mm. Female 2.8-3.0 mm.

Structure. Crown bluntly angular at apex in dorsal view (fig. 20). Forewings
moderately long and barely exposing the tip of genital segment (macropterous
forms) or shortened and exposing most of genital segment and part of pregenital
segment with apical cells and each appendix reduced (submacropterous forms).
Inner anteapical cell usually closed basally; central anteapical cell divided or not;
outer anteapical cell normal.

Coloration. Venter of abdomen and thorax pale brown and variably infuscated
or blackened, edges of segments broadly or narrowly paler; legs pale brown and
not or only lightly infuscated; face pale brown and marked essentially like that
of durus but with more minor variations; crown, pronotum, and scutellum sordid
stramineous to pale brown marked with black and various shades of brown (fig.
20), minute spots at coronal apex at times obscure or wanting, pronotum and
scutellum either vaguely darkened or not; forewings light brown hyaline with
veins concolorous, cells not infuscated.

Male genitalia. Aedeagus in lateral view (fig. 21) with a moderately long
sharp process projecting beyond ventral margin near base of shaft (actually paired
processes but only one visible in lateral view), shaft tapering distally to an

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971 91

valens
ee
/

2.
S

21
2
29 24

Figs. 20-25. Amblysellus valens (Beamer and Tuthill): 20, head and thoracic
dorsum; 21, aedeagus and connective in lateral view; 22, distal portion of style in
lateral view; 23, apical portion of aedeagus in ventral view; 24, same, variation;
25, style in dorsal view.

obliquely upturned irregularly oval apex. Apical portion of shaft in ventral view
(figs. 23-24) with gonopore apparently at base of a variable deep slit or cleft.
Style in dorsal view (fig. 25) with mesal lobe stout and lateral lobe broad and
blunt. Mesal lobe of style in lateral view (fig. 22) irregularly serrated on ventral
margin with a distinct tooth near apex.

Female genitalia. Posterior margin of pregenital segment essentially transverse
with or without a small notch at center.

Records. The type locality is Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming.
My confirmed records: COLORADO, Creede, El Paso Co., Northgate,
Pingree Park, Steamboat Springs, Walden; WYOMING, Grand Teton

92 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971

3]

Figs. 26-32. Amblysellus dorsti (Oman): 26, head and thoracic dorsum; 27,
distal portion of aedeagus in lateral view with variations in fin below; 28, distal
portion of style in lateral view; 29, stylar lobes in dorsal view; 30, style in dorsal
view; 31, apical portion of aedeagus in posterior view; 32, aedeagus and connec-
tive in lateral view.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971 93

National Park. Beirne (1956:112) reported valens from the grassland
regions of Alberta and Saskatchewan.

Notes. The unique aedeagus distinguishes valens. However, there
is some intraspecific variation in the length and curvature of the lateral
aedeagal processes and in the outline of the aedeagal apex. Other
than “grasses,” the plant relationships of this western species are not
known.

Amblysellus dorsti (Oman), n. comb.
(Figs. 26-32)

Deltocephalus dorsti Oman, 1940:202.

Length. Male 2.8-3.4 mm. Female 3.0—-3.8 mm.

Structure. Crown bluntly angular at apex in dorsal view (fig. 26). Forewings
long and extending well beyond abdomen (macropterous forms) or shortened
and exposing at least tip of genital segment with apical cells and each appendix
reduced (submacropterous forms). Inner anteapical cell usually closed basally,
rarely open; central anteapical cell sometimes undivided, usually divided; outer
anteapical cell normal or slightly reduced.

Coloration. Venter of abdomen and thorax dark fuscus to black and variably
paler at edges of segments or not; legs light brown and variably infuscated or
blackened; face light brown with clypeal arcs, all sutures, middle of clypellus, and
upper edges of genae darkly infuscated or blackened; crown, pronotum, and
scutellum sordid stramineous to pale brown and marked with black or various
shades of brown (fig. 26), size and shape of apical coronal spots highly variable,
longitudinal banding of pronotum often obscure and sometimes absent; forewings
pale brown hyaline with veins concolorous and cells rather lightly infuscated or
not.

Male genitalia. Aedeagus in lateral view (fig. 32) with a broad finlike projec-
tion (actually paired structures but only one visible laterally) extending beyond
ventral margin near obliquely upturned broadly oval apex. Shape of fin variable
(fig. 27); outline of apical oval portion variable. Apical portion of aedeagus
in posterior view (fig. 31) deeply split with gonopore at base of split. Style in
dorsal view (fig. 30) with mesal lobe expanded in basal half (fig. 29) and lateral
lobe short and broad. Mesal lobe of style in lateral view (fig. 28) with a rather
broad subapical tooth on irregular ventral margin.

Female genitalia. Posterior margin of pregenital sternum broadly concave on
middle portion.

Records. The type locality is Brighton, Utah. My confirmed records:
ARIZONA, Littlefield, Patagonia; COLORADO, Gould, Pingree Park,
Rockwood; UTAH, Brighton, Duck Creek, Garden City, Herber City,
Logan, Mantua, Morgan, Orton, Providence, Provo, Richfield, Salt Lake
City, Snyderville, Springville, Strawberry Dam.

Notes. A. dorsti is most similar to grex, but it differs from that species
in having a much wider ventral anterior aedeagal fin and by lacking a
long narrow portion or “neck” between the fin and the elongate oval
apex. Other than “grasses,” the host plant relationships of dorsti are
not established.

94 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971

punctatus

33

40

Figs. 33-40. Amblysellus punctatus (Osborn and Ball): 33, head and _ tho-
racic dorsum; 34, aedeagus and connective in lateral view, abnormal; 35, same,
normal; 36, distal portion of aedeagus in lateral view; 37, apical portion of
aedeagus in ventral view; 38, distal portion of style in lateral view; 39, distal por-
tion of styles in dorsal view, variations; 40, style in dorsal view.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971 95

Amblysellus punctatus (Osborn and Ball), n. comb.
(Figs. 33-40)

Deltocephalus punctatus Osbom and Ball, 1898:94.

Length. Male 2.2-2.7 mm. Female 2.5-3.3 mm.

Structure. Crown bluntly angular at apex in dorsal view (fig. 33). Forewings
moderately long and exposing most of genital segment (macropterous forms) or
shortened and entirely exposing genital segment and most of pregenital segment
with apical cells greatly reduced and each appendix nearly absent (submacropter-
ous forms). Inner anteapical cell usually closed basally; central anteapical cell
divided or not; outer anteapical cell normal to distinctly reduced.

Coloration. Venter of abdomen and thorax pale yellowish brown to pale red-
dish brown and lightly to heavily infuscated and then appearing largely dark;
legs with same ground color as venter and either not infuscated or lightly and
irregularly so; face with same ground color as venter and varying from immaculate
to with black clypeal arcs and other darkened areas on lower face; crown, pro-
notum, and scutellum varying from stramineous to pale reddish brown and marked
with dark fuscus or black (fig. 33), in paler forms the minute pair of apical coronal
spots and stripes on pronotum often obscure or absent, size and shape of apical
coronal spots variable; forewings stramineous hyaline and either with or without
a wash of pale reddish brown or a light infuscation of cells.

Male genitalia. Aedeagus in lateral view (fig. 35) with a finlike projection ex-
tending beyond ventral margin near distal portion of shaft (actually paired proc-
esses but only one visible in lateral view), shaft tapering distally to an obliquely
upturned elongate oval apex (fig. 36). Apical portion of shaft in ventral view
(fig. 37) with gonopore subapical at base of cleft. Style in dorsal view (fig. 40)
with mesal lobe moderately long and stout with lateral lobe broad and blunt,
shapes of lobes somewhat variable (fig. 39). Mesal lobe of style in lateral view
(fig. 38) stout with a distinct tooth near apex.

Female genitalia. Posterior margin of pregenital sternum concave on central
half with middle portion of concavity at times appearing transverse.

Records. The type locality is Little Rock, Iowa. My confirmed
records: ARIZONA, Chiricahua Mts., Kaibab, Santa Catalina Mts.,
Santa Rita Mts., Springerville; COLORADO, Estes Park, Fort Collins,
Pinecliffe; IOWA, Little Rock; SOUTH DAKOTA, Hot Springs.

Notes. A. punctatus is close to both grex and dorsti in characters of
the aedeagus. In both of those species the serrations on the ventral fin
are gross and extensive, whereas in punctatus the serrations are minute
and limited to the apical portion of the fin. In an aberrantly developed
male (fig. 34), the aedeagal shaft is upturned distally at nearly a right
angle to its long axis. The coloration of punctatus is more variable than
in any of its congeners. The specimens from Arizona are somewhat
darker and/or more reddish brown than those from Iowa, South Da-
kota, and Colorado; but structurally I cannot separate them. The type
series was swept from Sporobolus.

96 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971

42

erex

Figs. 41-47. Amblysellus grex (Oman): 41, head and thoracic dorsum; 42,
style in dorsal view; 43, mesal lobe of style in dorsal view; 44, distal portion of
aedeagus in lateral view; 45, apical portion of aedeagus in posterior view; 46, dis-
tal portion of style in lateral view; 47, aedeagus and connective in lateral view.

Amblysellus grex (Oman), n. comb.
(Figs. 41-47)

Deltocephalus grex Oman, 1940:201.

Length. Male 3.2-3.8 mm. Female 3.2-3.8 mm.

Structure. Crown bluntly angular at apex in dorsal view (fig. 41). Forewings
long and extending well beyond abdomen (macropterous forms). Inner anteapical
cell closed basally; central anteapical cell usually divided, rarely undivided; outer
anteapical cell normal or reduced. Submacropterous forms unknown.

Coloration. Venter of abdomen and thorax stramineous to pale brown and es-
sentially unmarked to heavily infuscated or blackened with edges of segments ir-
regularly paler; legs with same ground color as venter and varying from unmarked

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, No. 1, MARCH, 1971 97

to darkly marked on femora and hind tibiae; face varying from stramineous and
unmarked to pale brown with all sutures, clypeal arcs, upper edges of genae, and
central portion of clypellus variously infuscated or blackened; crown, pronotum,
and scutellum stramineous to pale brown and varying from unmarked to marked
with black or shades of brown (fig. 41), the minute apical coronal spots some-
times obscure or absent, the larger apical coronal spots variable in size and shape
but rarely appearing clearly rounded, darker markings on pronotum and scutellum
at times obscure; forewings varying from stramineous hyaline to sordid whitish
hyaline with cells variably infuscated at edges, veins white to sordid white.

Male genitalia. Aedeagus in lateral view (fig. 47) with a narrow finlike projec-
tion (actually paired processes but only one visible laterally) extending beyond
ventral margin near obliquely upturned distal portion of shaft; distal portion of
aedeagus in lateral view (fig. 44) with a constricted neckline area between ven-
tral fin and elongated oval apex. Apical portion of aedeagus in posterior view
(fig. 45) cleft with gonopore at base of cleft. Style in dorsal view (fig. 42) with
mesal lobe expanded in basal half (fig. 43) with lateral lobe short and broad.
Mesal lobe of style in lateral view (fig. 46) with a rather broad subapical tooth
on irregular ventral margin.

Female genitalia. Posterior margin of pregenital sternum appearing transverse
or slightly concave.

Records. The type locality is Kirkland Junction, Arizona. My con-
firmed records: ARIZONA, Chiricahua Mts., Globe, Granite Dells,
Herford, Huachuca Mts., Kirkland Junction, Littlefield, Long Valley,
Mt. Graham, Oak Creek Canyon, Patagonia, Sabino Canyon, Santa
Rita Mts., Superior, White Mts.; CALIFORNIA, Biggs, Bray, Cajon
Pass, Califa, Del Mar, Dunsmuir, El] Portal, Hondo, Idyllwild, Ja-
cumba, Mariposa, Marysville, Montara, Nicolaus, Oxnard, Palo Alta,
Palomar Mt., Pasadena, Petaluma, Pine Valley, Redding, Riverside,
Roseville, San Francisco, San Jacinto Mts., San Mateo Co., Sequoia
National Park, Taylorville, Three Rivers, Turlock, Weed, Winters,
Woodland, Yosemite National Park; COLORADO, Denver, Durango;
IDAHO, Rogerson; NEVADA, Caliente, Overton, Loganda; NEW
MEXICO, Mesilla; OREGON, Ashland, Bend, Corvallis, Frenchglen,
Glendale, Klamath Falls, Madras, Medford, Mt. Hood, Union, Worden;
TEXAS, El Paso; UTAH, Brighton, Castle Valley, Grafton, Hurricane,
Jordan Narrows, Leeds, Richfield, St. Clara, St. George, Washington,
Zion National Park; WASHINGTON, Buckley, Fort Hood, Kalama,
Puyallup, Ritzville, Sumner, Tacoma. Beirne (1956:112) recorded
grex as widely distributed in southern British Columbia.

Notes. A. grex is closest to punctatus in the features of the male gen-
italia. The ventral aedeagal fin in grex is much narrower and coarsely
serrated with the mesal lobe of the style clearly expanded in its basal
half, whereas the ventral aedeagal fin in punctatus is broad and only
finely serrated at its apex with the mesal lobe of the style only vaguely
or not expanded in its basal half. A. grex is one of the most common
and abundant leafhoppers in the West. Plant associations include al-

98 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, No. 1, MARCH, 1971

falfa, dandelion, sour cherry, sweet cherry, peach, rye, barley, and var-

ious grasses.

REFERENCES

Beamer, R. H. and L. D. Tuthill. 1934. Some new species and a new genus
of Deltocephaloid leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Jour. Kansas Ent.
Soc. 7:1-24.

Beirne, B. P. 1956. Leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) of Canada and
Alaska. Can. Ent. 88( supplement 2 ):1—-180.

Fitch, A. 1851. Catalogue with references and descriptions of the insects
collected and arranged for the State Cabinet of Natural History. State Cab.
Nat. Hist. Ann. Rpt. 4:43-69.

Oman, P. W. 1940. Three new species of Deltocephalus (Homoptera: Cica-
dellidae). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 42:201-203.

Osborn, H. and E. D. Ball. 1898. Studies of North American Jassoidea. New
species, dimorphic forms, and early stages of Jassidae. Proc. Davenport Acad.
Nat. Sci. 7:74-100.

Sleesman, J. P. 1929. A monograph of the North American species of Euscelis
and allied genera (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Ent. Americana (n.s.) 10:
87-148.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971 99

EDWARD ALBERT CHAPIN
1894-1969

Edward Albert Chapin was born on January 4, 1894, in Springfield, Mass.
His father was a surgeon and practicing physician there, and that was in a day
when one could make a good living practicing medicine and still have ample
leisure time. So Ed grew up learning about nature, and especially about botany,
in long walks over the countryside around Springfield with his father. Ed’s father
was an enthusiastic amateur botanist and knew all the plants of the vicinity. They
also had as a near neighbor the well known, but somewhat eccentric, entomolo-
gist George Dimmock. Ed learned many things about insects from him. As a boy
Ed was already strongly influenced toward a career in biology, although at the
time, as he said afterwards, he thought he would be an engineer.

While he was a very young child he contracted polio, from which he seemed
to recover completely. But as a result of the infection some foot surgery was re-
quired for him to be able to walk comfortably. Later on, when he was just grown,
his feet caused him to be rejected for military service in World War I (the Army
doctors said he could not march). Many years later, when he was an old man,

subtle but serious damage to the nerves in his legs became apparent. This very

100 PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971

likely was due to the childhood infection. This nerve damage caused him very
great difficulty in walking and standing, and at the last, led to his death. While
he was young and vigorous it caused him no trouble at all. He grew up a healthy
boy and handsome young man, with a tall, straight body, wavy black hair, and
flashing black eyes.

After he finished grade school in Springfield he went to Yale, taking his
bachelor’s degree in the class of 1916. The following year he took a M. Sc. from
Massachusetts State, at Amherst. Then, turned down for military service, he came
to Washington and began service in the old Bureau of the Biological Survey. He
was associated there with L. L. Buchanan and Alexander Wetmore, men with
whom he formed life friendships.

In 1918 he married Clara Cutler, a former newspaper woman, and they set up
housekeeping amid wartime shortages and high prices. As they said afterwards,
they managed somehow, with some improvisation and many makeshifts. Later,
after the war, Ed bought land in Virginia and, undaunted, built his own house.
He did not contract it, he built it, hiring only the excavation of the basement.
The house still stands today.

In 1920 he transferred to the Bureau of Animal Industry, and in 1926 he joined
the Bureau of Entomology as a taxonomist in Coleoptera. With this assignment
he began working in the U.S. National Museum. In 1934, J. M. Aldrich, Curator
of Insects for the National Museum, died and Ed was appointed to fill the vacancy.
He remained Curator for 20 years, retiring in 1954, with 36 years of government
service.

During all the years he was Curator on the National Museum staff, he had to
work with the staff of the Division of Insect Identification, USDA, most members
of which also worked in the National Museum. During his tenure a most cordial
harmony was maintained between those two organizations. When difficulties
arose, as naturally they did, Ed, with his ready wit and keen intelligence, was
ready to adjust matters. He was a past master of the gentle but penetrating re-
mark that calms anger, although he could very effectively use the same sort of
observation to deflate an overblown self importance.

During his time as Curator he made three trips to South America. In 1942 he
went to Colombia, in 1945 to Chile, and in 1946 to Colombia again. On the last
trip to Colombia the Colombian government gave him an honorary title of En-
tomologist. He also received honorary memberships in both the Entomological
Society of Chile and the Colombian Academy of Exact Sciences. On his trips to
South America he was accompanied by his wife, whose facile Spanish was most
helpful. Ed himself was an indifferent linguist.

He also made two collecting trips to Jamaica, in 1937 and 1941, and he made
a quick trip to Europe in 1948 as a delegate to the International Entomological
Congress in Stockholm and the Intemational Zoological Congress in Paris.
Throughout he kept up with his Smithsonian paper work and carried on research
on the classification of scarabaeid, coccinellid and clerid beetles. He also kept
abreast of the identification work in his groups for the USDA.

He was a wonderful companion on a hike, a collecting trip, or a camping trip.
He collected almost everything—insects, of course, but also plants (especially
ferns), snails, minerals. The botany he had learned as a boy stood him in good
stead as long as he stayed inside the territory of Gray’s Manual, essentially New
England south to Virginia. His memory was quick and accurate.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, No. 1, MARCH, 1971 101

Politically his attitudes were somewhat left of center. To some of his conserva-
tive associates he seemed a Radical, but a fairer assessment would be Uncom-
mitted Liberal. He was quite capable of despising both the Republican and
Democratic parties in an election and throwing away his vote on some splinter
party that had no chance at all of winning. While he was a resident of Virginia
he naturally found the Poll Tax contemptible. During his later years he lived in
the District of Columbia, which in effect disenfranchised him.

Two years before his retirement he bought a fine old house on five acres of
ground in West Medway, Mass. This house was in good repair and had been
somewhat modemized, but he spent a considerable sum remodeling it to make it
suitable for his home after retirement. Then, when he reached the age of 60, he
retired and moved from Washington to West Medway.

The next 10 years were, in many ways, the best of his life. His health was
good, and he could do as he pleased. He became an Associate at the Museum of
Comparative Zoology, Harvard, and drove in to Cambridge about once a week to
work there on coccinellid taxonomy. He had a microscope and excellent reprint
file in West Medway and also worked there on his research. He likewise kept up
the identification work in coccinellids for the USDA—Washington continued to
send material to him for naming up to the time of his death.

As Clara said, “We did all sorts of things.” They participated in community
affairs of West Medway. Ed was even induced to take parts in some local amateur
theatrical presentations. He took camping trips. He gardened.

There were no financial problems. His government salary at no time had been
high, but they had always lived modestly. By the continual exercise of New En-
gland thrift, Ed and Clara accumulated a quite respectable principal during their
36 years in the Washington area. Clara inherited some sound securities from her
father. Ed, rather to his surprise, inherited a large block of valuable stock from
his mother’s family, as residuary legatee.

After he was 70, Ed began to be troubled by the failure of the nerves in his
lower extremities. There seemed to be no effective treatment. He had to restrict
his activities because he often would fall suddenly and find himself virtually help-
less. Yet, he kept on with many activities, especially his research on Coccinellidae.
One thing he always wished to do was to take a walk around the borders of his
property every day that the weather permitted him to get out. He wanted to see
how things looked. As he grew older, this took longer and longer, because he had
to walk slowly to avoid falling.

By the time he was 75 he needed an hour to make the circuit. On May 13,
1969, he set out to make the rounds of his boundaries. When he had not returned
in well over an hour, Clara became worried. She went to look for him, and she
found him where he had fallen in a spot where he had been caught in a grass fire.
He had fallen and had been unable to rise. He was badly burned and unconscious.
She summoned help and Ed was taken to Boston, the nearest place where there
were facilities for emergency treatment of massive burns. He died without regain-
ing consciousness.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF EDwarpD A. CHAPIN

1915. Early stages of Staphylinidae. Psyche 22:157-161.
1917. Miscellaneous notes on Coleoptera. Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc. 12:29-31.

1925.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971

Studies in the Hydnocerini (Col.). The Hydnoceroid genera. Bull.
Brook. Ent. Soc. 12:83-85.

A new Hydnocera (Coleoptera: Cleridae). Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 31:
107-108.

Notes on Cleridae (with A. B. Wolcott). Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc. 13:107—
108.

New species of North American Siphonaptera. Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc.
14:49-62.

New species of Coleoptera (fam. Cleridae) from the Philippine Islands
and neighboring regions, collected by Professor Charles F. Baker.
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 32:225-234.

New American Cleridae, with note on the synonymy of Micropterus
Chevr. (Col.). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 22:50-54.

Remarks on the genus Hystrichopsylla Tasch. with description of a new
species (Siphonaptera). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 23:25-27.

Preliminary note on a new species of Gongylonema from American
swine. Jour. Amer. Vet. Assn. 61:68.

New North American Hydnocera. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 35:55-58.

On Simonella, a genus of salticid spiders new to North America. Proc.
Biol. Soc. Wash. 35:129-132.

A species of round worm (Gongylonema) from domestic swine in the
U.S. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 62(10):1-3.

New species of Callimerus from Mindanao, Philippine Islands. Proc.
Biol. Soc. Wash. 35:133-134.

The Elacatidae of the Philippine Islands and adjacent regions. Phil.
Jour. Sci. 22:85-89.

Cleridae collected by the American Museum Congo Expedition 1909-—
1915. Amer. Mus. Novit. 151:1-4.

Classification of the Philippine components of the coleopterous family
Cleridae. Phil. Jour. Sci. 25:159-286.

Nematode parasites of the Brazilian land tortoise, Testudo denticulata.
Results of the Mulford Biological Exploration, Helminthology. Proc.
U.S. Nat. Mus. 65(13):1-6.

Blackburniella nom. nov. for Thanasimorpha Blackb. (Coleop.: Cler-
idae). Trans. R. Soc. Austr. 48:65-66.

Review of the Nematode genera Syngamus Sieb. and Cyathostoma E.
Blanch. Jour. Agr. Res. 30:557-570.

New nematodes from North American Mammals. Jour. Agr. Res. 30:
677-681.

Descriptions of new internal parasites. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 68(2):
1-4,

Food habits of Vireos. U.S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 1355:1—-44.

A new Paederus (Coleopt.: Staphylinidae). Arch. f. Schif. u. Trop.
hyg. 30:369-372.

Southwellia ransomi new species. Jour. Parasitol. 13:29-33.

A new genus and species of Trematode, the probable cause of salmon-
poisoning in dogs. N. Amer. Vet., Apr., 1926.

On some Coccinellidae of the tribe Telsimiini, with descriptions of new
species. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 39:129-134.

1927.

1935.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 1, MARCH, 1971 103

On some Asiatic Cleridae (Col.). Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 40:19-22.

The beetles of the family Cleridae collected on the Mulford Biological
Exploration of the Amazon Basin 1921-1922. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.
71(2):1-10.

A new genus and species of Staphylinidae from Sze-Chuan, China.
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 40:75-78.

The North American species of Ptilodactyla (Coleoptera: Helodidae).
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 53:241-248.

Notes on North American Tillinae, with descriptions of a new Cyma-
todera (Col.: Cleridae). Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 40:143-146.

The North American species of Holotrochus Erichson. Proc. Ent. Soc.
Wash. 30:65-66.

A new Orthrius from Siam (Col.: Cleridae). Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.
41;125-126.

New species of Haliplus Latr. (Col.). Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 43:9-12.

Canthonella, a new genus of Scarabaeidae. Amer. Mus. Novit. 409:
1-2.

New Coccinellidae from the West Indies. Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 20:
488-495.

A new Serica from New Jersey. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 44:5-6.

Adoretus luridus Blanchard and its near relatives in the Philippine Is-
lands. Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 21:305-308.

New species of Melolonthine Scarabaeidae from the Philippine Islands.
Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 21:309-314.

Review of the Pleurostict Scarabaeidae of Cuba and Isle of Pines. Ann.
Ent. Soc. Amer. 25:173-209; 282-314.

Strategus simsoni L. and related West Indian species (Coleopt.: Scara-
baeidae). Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 22:449-456.

Autoserica Brenske pro Aserica Lewis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae).
Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 34:122-124.

A new genus of West Indian Coccinellidae (Coleoptera). Proc. Biol.
Soc. Wash. 46:95-100.

An apparently new scarab beetle (Coleoptera) now established at
Charleston, South Carolina. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 47:33-36.

A new Listrochelus injuring Pinus ponderosa Lawson in the Rocky
Mountain region. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 47:93-94.

A new genus and species of dung-inhabiting Scarabaeidae from Puerto
Rico, with notes on the Coprinae of the Greater Antilles (Coleoptera).
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 47:99-102.

New Cuban Pleurostict Scarabaeidae. Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat. 9:
67-75.

Review of the genus Chlaenobia Blanchard (Coleopt.: Scarabaeidae).
Smiths. Misc. Coll. 94(4):1-20.

New species of Scarabaeidae (Coleop.) from Puerto Rico and the Vir-
gin Islands. Jour. Agr. Univ. P. R. 19:67-71.

Phyllophaga acufai, n. sp., with notes on related Cuban species. Mem.
Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat. 11:3—4.

Nomenclature and taxonomy of the genera of the Scarabaeid subfamily
Glaphyrinae. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 51:79-86.

104

1949.

1955.

1962.

1964.

1965.

1966.

1969.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, No. 1, MARCH, 1971

Scarabaeidae collected by the Lingnan University Fifth Hawaiian Is-
lands Expedition, 1929. Lingnan Sci. Jour. 17:249-250.

Three Japanese beetles of the genus Serica Macleay. Jour. Wash. Acad.
Sci. 28:66-68.

Revision of the West Indian beetles of the Scarabaeid subfamily Apho-
diinae. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 89(3092) :1-41.

New genera and species of lady-beetles related to Serangium Blackburn
(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 30:263-272.

Two new species of Coccinellid beetles from Costa Rica and Colombia.
Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 31:107—109.

Lady-beetles belonging to the genus Procula Mulsant. Mem. Soc.
Cubana Hist. Nat. 15:165-168.

A new genus and species of clerid beetle from Jamaica. Trans. Conn.
Acad. Arts. Sci. 36:595—598.

Review of the New World species of Hippodamia Dejean (Coleoptera:
Coccinellidae ). Smiths. Mise. Coll. 106(11):1-39.

Necessary changes of names in the Coleopterous family Scarabaeidae.
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 59:79-80.

Type material of the species of clerid beetles described by Charles
Schaeffer. Smiths. Misc. Coll. 111(4):1-12.

Name changes in Coccinellidae. Psyche 62:87-88.

On some Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) from Newfoundland and Nova
Scotia. Psyche 62:152-156.

Pseudoscymnus, a new genus of Asiatic Scymnini (Coleoptera: Coc-
cinellidae ). Psyche 69:50-51.

Insects of Campbell Island. Coleoptera: Coccinellidae. Pac. Ins. Monog.
7:412-415.

Las especies Colombianas de Cryptognatha Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coc-
cinellidae ). Rev. Acad. Colombiana Cien. Exact. Fis. y Nat. 12:231-
234.

Insects of Micronesia. Coleoptera: Coccinellidae. Ins. Micron. 16:
190-254.

The genera of the Chilocorini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool. Harvard Univ. 133:229-271.

New species of Chilocorini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Psyche 72:
148-151.

A new species of coccinellid feeding on scale insects in West Pakistan.
Entomophaga 2:213-215.

A new species of myrmecophilous Coccinellidae, with notes on other
Hyperaspini (Coleoptera). Psyche 73:278-283.

New synonymy and generic reassignment in South American Cocci-
nellina (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 71:
467-469 (published posthumously ).

C. F. W. MurEsEBECK
R. D. Gordon
B. D. Burks, Chairman

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Information for Contributors

Publication in the Proceedings is reserved for members only. Publication of
papers by non-members may be obtained after acceptance at a cost to the author
of $18.00 per printed page. Regular papers are published in approximately the
order that they are received. Manuscripts should not exceed 30 typewritten pages
including illustrations. Papers of less than a printed page may be published as
space is available at the end of longer articles.

Manuscripts for publication, proof and other editorial matters should be
addressed to the Editor (for address, see inside front cover of this issue).

Typing—All manuscripts must be typed on bond paper with double-spacing and
ample margins. Carbon copies or copies on paper larger than 8% x 11 inches
are not acceptable. Do not use all capitals for any purpose. Underscore only
where italics are intended in the body of the text, not in headings. Number all
pages consecutively. References to footnotes in the text should be numbered
consecutively and typed on a separate sheet.

First page—The page preceding the text of the manuscript should include (1)
the complete title, (2) the order and family in parentheses, (3) the author’s
name or names, (4) the institution with city, state and zip code or the author’s
home city, state and zip code if not affiliated, (5) in the upper left hand
comer, the complete name and address to which proof is to be sent.

Abstract—All manuscripts, including notes of one page or less, must be accom-
panied by an abstract suitable for publication. The abstract must be typed
on a separate sheet following the title page, should be brief (not more than
3% of the original), and written in whole sentences, not telegraphic phrases.

Names and descriptions of organisms—The first mention of a plant or animal
should include the full scientific name with the author of a zoological name
not abbreviated. Descriptions of taxa should be in telegraphic style.

References—Citations in the text of papers longer than one printed page should
be by author and date and should refer to a list of concluding REFERENCES listed
alphabetically. See a recent issue of the Proceedings for style of references.
In sag pae articles, references to literature should be included in parentheses
in the text.

Illustrations—No extra charge is made for line drawings or halftones. Authors
must plan their illustrations for reduction to the dimensions of the printed page
and the individual figures must be mounted on suitable board. Proportions of
full-page illustrations should closely approximate 4545 X 6” (26 X 36 picas); this
usually allows explanatory matter to appear on the same page. On the back of
each illustration should be stated (1) the title of the paper, (2) the author’s
complete name and address, and (3) the number of the illustration such as
“No. 1 (of 3)” etc. Figures should be numbered consecutively. Plates will be
returned only at the author’s request and expense.

Figure legends—Legends should be typewritten double-spaced on separate
pages headed ExpLANATION OF FicurREs and placed following REFERENCEs. Do
not attach legends to illustrations.

Proofs and reprints—Proofs and a reprint order will be sent to the authors by the
printer with explicit instructions for their return. Major changes in proof will
be charged to the author.

Page charges—All regular papers of more than one page will be charged at the
rate of $6.00 per printed page. Immediate publication may be obtained at the
rate of $18.00 per printed page. These charges are in addition to those for
reprints. Member authors who have no institutional affiliation or funds available
may request to the Editor in writing to have charges for regular papers waived.
Charges made for immediate publication or to non-members will not be waived.

CONTENTS

(Continued from front cover)

McFADDEN, M. W.—A note on the synonymy of Antissops denticulata En-
derlein (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)

MENDEZ, E.—A new species of the genus Cummingsia Ferris from the
Republic of Colombia (Mallophaga: Trimenoponidae )

&

MILLER, D. R.—A redescription of Tessarobelus guerini Montrousier (Ho-
moptera: Coccoidea: Margarodidae )

STEFFAN, W. A.—North American Sciaridae, II. A new species of Eugnoriste
from Texas ( Diptera)

STEYSKAL, G. C.—The species related to Minettia obscura (Loew), with
one new species and one new synonym (Diptera: Lauxaniidae )

STEYSKAL, G. C.—The subgenus Tritolestes Ghesquiére of the genus
i aa Rondani with a new species from Pakistan (Diptera: Crypto-
chetidae )

TRAVER, J. R.—Four new species of Neotropical Baetis (Ephemeroptera:
Baetidae )

WARNER, R. E.—Polydrusus cervinus (L.), a European weevil discovered
in North America (Coleoptera: Curculionidae )

WIRTH, W. W. and F. S. BLANTON—New Neotropical sandflies of the
Culicoides debilipalpis group (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae )

MUSEUM NEWS

Vol. 73 JUNE 1971 No. 2

PROCEEDINGS

of the

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
of WASHINGTON

DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20560

PUBLISHED QUARTERLY

AMT HSONT.

JUL 6 1971

Li8RaRit
ANDERSON, D. M.—Observations on the larva of Hypera exima “Comite

(@oleoptera:)s Gureulionidae). (x. ee ee ilalys
BICK, G. H. and J. C. BICK—Localization, behavior, and spacing of un-
paired males of the damselfly, Argia plana Calvert (Odonata: Co-

CONTENTS

AAD MECOTIECLAC) RE e ML Ske Rares ene ee at ee ee EN 146
BURKS, B. D.—A new Pediobius parasitic on a thrips (Hymenoptera:
Bulophidae)) 2 Bee ea Ot At nee eke eB Li
EDMUNDS, G. F., Jr.—A new name for a subgeneric homonym in
Ephemerella (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae) — 152
EMERSON, K. C. and R. D. PRICE—A new species of Pelmatocerandra
from a diving petrel (Mallophaga: Philopteridae) 211
GAGNE, R. J.—Two new species of North American Neolasioptera from
Baccharis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae—Compositae) __.........--------_--. ess}
GAGNE, R. J.—Taxonomic notes on two racemicolous gall-makers on
Solidago spp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae—Compositae) 169
HOWDEN, H. F.—Key to the New World Cremastocheilini, with notes and
description of a new genus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) 994
HULL, F. M.—A new genus and new species of bee flies (Diptera:
Brora by y lander) geen eo he 98 on cee Ce a A Be Ey 181
KRAMER, J. P.—North American deltocephaline leafhoppers of the genus
Amplicephalus DeLong with a new genus and new generic combinations
@tomopteraye Gicadellidae)) - #8 Ur xe ae a a A eens Be 198

(Continued on back cover)

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF WASHINGTON
ORGANIZED Marcu 12, 1884

OFFICERS FOR 1971

Epson J. HAMBLETON, President Paut M. Marsu, Editor
Curtis W. Sasrosky, President-Elect Robert D. Gorpon, Custodian
DEweEy M. Caron, Recording Secretary F. EUGENE Woop, Program Chairman
Davin R. Smirn, Corresponding Secretary H. IvAN RAINWATER, Membership Chairman
THEODORE J. SPILMAN, Treasurer REECE I. SamEr, Delegate, Wash. Acad. Sci.

All correspondence concerning Society business should be mailed
to the appropriate officer at the following address:

Entomological Society of Washington
c/o Department of Entomology
Smithsonian Institution
Washington, D. C. 20560

Honorary President
C. F. W. MuESEBECK

Honorary Members

FREDERICK W. Poos
ERNEst N. Cory
Avery S. Hoyr

MEETINGS.—Regular meetings of the Society are held in Room 43, Natural History Building, Smithsonian
Institution, on the first Thursday of each month from October to June, inclusive, at 8 P.M. Minutes of meetings
are published regularly in the Proceedings.

MEMBERSHIP.—Members shall be persons who have demonstrated interest in the science of entomology.
Annual dues for members are $6.00 (U.S. currency).

PROCEEDINGS.—Published quarterly beginning with March by the Society at Washington, D.C. Members in
good standing are entitled to the Proceedings free of charge. Nonmember subscriptions are $8.00 per year,
both domestic and foreign (U.S. currency), payable in advance. All remittances should be made payable to
The Entomological Society of Washington.

The Society does not exchange its publications for those of other societies.

STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP

Title of Publication: Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington.
Frequency of Issue: Quarterly (March, June, September, December).

Location of Office of Publication, Business Office of Publisher and Owner: The Entomological Society of
Washington, c/o Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560.

Editor: Dr. Paul M. Marsh, same address as above.
Managing Editor and Known Bondholders or other Security Holders: none.

This issue mailed June 28, 1971

Second Class Postage Paid at Lawrence, Kansas, U. S. A. 66044

ALLEN PRESS, INC. PRINTED LAWRENCE, KANSAS 66044
US me

PROCEEDINGS OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Vol. 73 JUNE 1971 No. 2

TWO NEW SPECIES OF ECHINISCUS FROM THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST
(TARDIGRADA: ECHINISCIDAE )

Ropert O. ScHusTER and ALBERT A. GricaricK, Department of Entomology,
University of California, Davis, California 95616

ABSTRACT—Two new species are described in the tardigrade genus Echiniscus.
One species, horningi, occurs along the north coast of California and in western
Oregon. The other, knowltoni, appears to be restricted to desert areas of southern
Idaho and northern Utah.

In a previous study, Schuster and Grigarick (1965) recorded the
presence of Echiniscus (Echiniscus) multispinosus Cunha in five
localities in Oregon and California. The absence of spine B" and the
presence of barbs on lateral spines D and E were noted for these
specimens but these discrepancies from the described form were
attributed to intraspecific variation. Additional material has been
collected recently from this general area and these specimens are es-
sentially identical to those collected previously. The characters dis-
tinguishing these populations now appear to be constant and sufficient
to allow recognition of a species distinct from multispinosus.

Echiniseus (Echiniseus) horningi Schuster and Grigarick, n. sp.
(Figs. 1-3)

Holotype (slide): Length excluding legs IV 250 uw, including legs IV 280 u;
width 125 yu; eye spots present. Distribution of dorsal plates as illustrated (fig. 1);
cuticle of plates composed of polygons 1 uw to 1.7 » across, with pores of ca 1 u
diameter unevenly distributed (fig. 1, 8.5 « square). Head with internal cirrus
28 uw long; external cirrus 34 » long; papilla 10 « long, 6 w wide. Spines present
at lateral and dorsolateral positions A, B, C, D, E and at dorsal positions C, D;
lateral spines D, E distinctly barbed. Legs I and IV with papillae ca 5 uw long;
leg IV with dentate collar of 13 teeth; internal claws of legs I-IV with recurved
spur, external claws simple.

Supplementary descriptive information (fig. 2, head, and fig. 3, tail)
are photographs of a paratopotype taken with a Stereoscan microscope.
The specimen was prepared by fixing in boiling water-formalin, freeze
drying, and gold plating. Facets of the terminal plate are apparent on
dried specimens but are not evident on slide mounted examples.

106 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

Fig. 1. Echiniscus horningi Schuster and Grigarick, n. sp., holotype, dorsal.

The holotype (UCD 401) was collected in Silver Falls State Park,
Marion County, Oregon 1-10-1970, by D. S. Horning, Jr. Ten paratypes
are designated: 2 specimens collected with the holotype; 4 specimens
1 mi S Newport, Lincoln County, Oregon, X-17-1962, K. Goeden; 1
specimen 3 mi S Florence, Lane County, Oregon, XII-20-1969, C. J.
and D. S. Horning; 3 specimens 4 mi SW Camas Valley, Douglas
County, Oregon, XII-20-1969, D. S. Horning. Specimens from Marin
and San Mateo counties are apparently conspecific but are not in-
cluded in the type series.

Echiniscus multispinosus is described as having a uniformly pitted
cuticle, dorsal spine B, and simple lateral spines D and E. Echiniscus
horningi has a cuticular sculpture of irregularly spaced pores and uni-

PROG. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 107

‘

¥
y 2
,

Figs. 2-3. Echiniscus horningi Schuster and Grigarick, n. sp.: 2, paratopotype,
anterior aspect 1,750; 3, paratopotype, posterior aspect 2,150.

108 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

Fig. 4. Echiniscus knowltoni Schuster and Grigarick, n. sp., holotype, dorsal.

formly spaced polygons, lacks dorsal spine B, and has barbed lateral
spines D and E. The species is named for Dr. Donald S. Horning, Jr.
in appreciation of his effort in collecting nearly 200 samples of Tar-
digrada in Oregon.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, No. 2, JUNE, 1971 109

Fig. 5. Echiniscus knowltoni Schuster and Grigarick, n. sp., paratype, scapular
plate 2,520x.

Echiniseus (Echiniscus) knowltoni Schuster and Grigarick, n. sp.
(Figs. 4, 5)

Holotype (slide): Length excluding legs ITV 255 uw, including legs IV 290 u; width
120 uw; eye spots present. Distribution of dorsal plates as illustrated (fig. 4); cuticle
of plates essentially smooth between unevenly spaced pores of less than 1 « diameter.
Head with internal cirrus 9 uw long; external cirrus 17 « long; papilla 6 uw long, 5 u
wide. Scapular plate with 2 transverse and 3 longitudinal stripes of reduced punc-
tation (fig. 5). End plate with 4 longitudinal stripes, 1 distinct transverse stripe
at anterior one-third, 1 obscure stripe at posterior one-third. Anterior areas of
plates C, D, anterior area of median plate II, and all of median plate III with
uneven texture. Lateral filaments ca 120 w long, and dorsal spines ca 30 uw long
present on plates C, D. Legs I and IV with papilla 4 « long; leg IV with narrow
plate and dentate collar of 9 to 12 indistinctly separated teeth; internal claws of
leg IV with large recurved spur, external claw IV with perpendicular spur.

The holotype (UCD 402) is from Black Pine, Oneida County, Idaho,
[X-29-1969, collected by G. F. Knowlton. Thirty-eight paratypes are
from: Black Pine, Oneida County, Idaho, [X-29-1969, moss under
Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little; 8 mi NW Kelton, Box Elder
County, Utah, XI-8-1969, moss under J. osteosperma; Kelton Pass, Box
Elder County, Utah; VII-8-1969; moss beneath juniper; 5 mi SW Juni-

110 PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971
“3 >

per, Oneida County, Idaho, XI-22-1969, moss on J. osteosperma; all
by G. F. Knowlton.

Echiniscus knowltoni will key to E. trisetosus Cuénot in Ramazzotti’s
monograph (1962). The cuticular sculpture of trisetosus is polygonal,
similar to E. blumi Richters, and therefore completely distinct from
the sculpturing of this species. The sculpture of knowltoni closely re-
sembles that of E. quadrispinosus Richters but the relationship is ob-
scured by the absence of filaments B and E.

Specimens range in length from 190 pw to 300 ww. Most of the indi-
viduals fall within two size ranges, 200-210 w and 235-260 p.

This species is named for Dr. George F. Knowlton who collected the
specimens during a study of invertebrate fauna for the IBP Desert
Biome Project, Arthropod Survey.

The holotypes are in the Department of Entomology Museum at
Davis, paratypes in the California Academy of Sciences and the
Smithsonian Institution.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The photographs were taken by us, with the assistance of Marvin G. Kinsey,
using the Cambridge Stereoscan in the Facility for Advanced Instrumentation at
Davis. Financial assistance was received from the American Philosophical Society,
Penrose Fund.

REFERENCES
Ramazzotti, G. 1962. Il Phylum Tardigrada. Mem. Ist. Ital. Idrobiol. 14: 1-595.
Schuster, Robert O. and Albert A. Grigarick. 1965. Tardigrada from Western

North America with emphasis on the fauna of California. Univ. Calif. Publ.
Zool. 76:1-67.

A NOTE ON CAMPTOPROSOPELLA EQUATORIALIS SHEWELL
(DiprerA: LAUXANIIDAE )

A series of Camptoprosopella equatorialis Shewell (1939, Can. Ent. 71:140)
was received for determination from the Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario, with
the following data: Bello, Antioquia, Colombia, 11 October 1970 (Guillermo
Sanchez G.), host Manihot utilissima. Eight specimens were retained for the U. S.
National Museum collections.

This species was described from a single damaged male specimen from “Manao,”
Brazil, in the USNM, and apparently not since recorded. The additional specimens,
in better condition, show that the 3rd dorsocentral bristle, close before the second,
is one-third the length of the second bristle and that the arista bears only very
short hairs below in the basal half and 3 to 4 somewhat longer ones in the apical
half—Grorce C. SreysKaL, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Re-
search Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, c/o U. S. National Museum,
Washington, D. C. 20560.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 eter:

A NEW TACHYSPHEX FROM FLORIDA, WITH KEYS TO THE MALES
AND FEMALES OF THE FLORIDA SPECIES
(HyMENOPTERA: SPHECIDAE: LARRINAE )

FRANK E. Kurczewskt, Department of Forest Entomology, State University College
of Forestry at Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13210

ABSTRACT—Tachysphex krombeini, n. sp. is described from Florida. Keys to
the males and females of the Florida species are presented. Notes on the ecology
and nesting behavior of this new species are given.

This new species of Tachysphex from Florida is being described so
that a name will be available for subsequent studies on the compara-
tive behavior of the Nearctic species. The species was first collected
by Karl V. Krombein during his and Howard E. Evans’ 1953 and 1954
collecting trips through Florida. I have examined 18 of these speci-
mens in addition to seven of my own. I am pleased to name the species
for Karl V. Krombein, Smithsonian Institution, who first collected it
and has contributed much to our knowledge of the behavior and tax-
onomy of the Hymenoptera.

Tachysphex krombeini, n. sp.

Tachysphex sp. No. 3, Krombein and Evans, 1954. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 56:233
(19, Arcadia, Fla.; 19, Orlando, Fla.)—Krombein and Evans, 1955. Proc. Ent.
Soc. Washs 57:23] (2:6 6, Marco, Fla; 399, I¢, Olga, Fla; 42 9, 56 ¢,
Arcadia, Fla.; 39 9,54 6, Orlando, Fla.).

Holotype. 4; Arcadia, DeSoto County, FLORIDA; March 31, 1954
(K. V. Krombein) [U. S. National Museum, Type No. 70720].

Male. Length 4.0-5.0 (mean, 4.4) mm, forewing 3.0-3.5 (mean, 3.2) mm.
Black; apex of underside of scape, labrum, apical one-third to one-half of mandible,
apices of tarsi, apex of innerside of hind tibia, last third to half of tegula testaceous;
foretarsal pecten and other tarsal and tibial brushes and spines, except mid and
hind spurs, golden-brown; apices of first six abdominal terga and sterna faintly
coppery-colored; wings with membrane moderately infuscated, veins testaceous;
no. of hamuli on margin of hindwing, 8-10 (mean, 9).

Vestiture conspicuous but not dense, silvery and rather appressed on underside
of scape, base of mandible, face below median ocellus, back of head, thorax, legs,
and sterna and apices of first five abdominal terga; short, erect, prominent setae
on antennae.

Clypeus and frons finely and densely punctured, except apical bevel of clypeus
polished and with scattered punctures, clypeal lip smooth and broadly rounded,
separated from bevel by an impressed line; punctures on vertex more widely sepa-
rated than those on frons; vertex rather shiny around and behind posterior ocelli;
scutum and scutellum not as shiny, with closer punctures, propodeum moderately
granulose above, laterally with fine, close oblique rugae, declivity with coarse ob-
lique rugae; first six abdominal terga rather shiny, with relatively sparse, shallow
punctures; seventh tergum with larger, more distinct punctures.

alee PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

Fig. 1. Aedeagus, gonostyle, and volsella, respectively, of Tachysphex krom-
beini, n. sp. Illustrations are from paratypes, based on ocular grid drawings from
dissected and whole mounts. Details were obtained at a magnification of 450.

Range of ratios (with mean in parentheses) of lengths of first three flagellar
segments, head width, least interocular distance (see R. Bohart, 1962), and clypeal
breadth as 6-8 (7.1) : 8-10 (8.9) : 8-10 (9.0) : 63-82 (71.2) : 16-18 (17.4) :
38-47 (42.1).

Front tarsus with a definite comb, apical two setae of basal tarsomere about
two-fifths its length; number of lateral setae per tarsomere from basal segment:
4-5, 2, 1-2, 1, 0.

Genitalia (fig. 1): Setae of volsella moderately long, stout, capitate, and seem-
ingly bipartite at base, relatively few in number, well-spaced, and arranged in two
nearly parallel rows; setae of gonostyle moderately long or shorter toward apex,
stout, frequently knobbed, less tapered than those of volsella, fewer in number,
and staggered in an indistinct row or two except at apex; serrated crest of volsella
with margin evenly arched above, more abrupt posteriorly; aedeagus relatively
long with four or five well-spaced teeth, which decrease in size toward apex; apical
(fifth ) tooth barely distinguishable, basal tooth may be sharply notched.

Allotype. 2; same data as holotype [USNM].

Female. Length 5.0-6.5 (mean, 5.9) mm, forewing 3.5-4.5 (mean, 4.0) mm.
Colored as in male, except apical two-fifths to one-half of mandible, sting and
sheath testaceous; apices of first five abdominal terga and sterna faintly coppery

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 113

colored; wings with membrane apparently slightly more infuscated than in male,
veins testaceous; no. of hamuli on margin of hindwing, 9-13 (mean, 11).

Vestiture similar to that of male except sparser and more appressed on abdomen,
silvery bands across apices of first four abdominal terga; antennal setae not as stiff
and erect.

Punctation of clypeus, frons, vertex, scutum, scutellum, propodeum, and ab-
dominal terga similar to that of male, except clypeal bevel highly polished and more
sparsely punctured, lip highly polished, more broadly arched than in male, with a
shallow lateral notch; separated from bevel by an impressed line.

Range of ratios (with mean in parentheses) of lengths of first three flagellar
segments, head width, least interocular distance, and clypeal breadth as 10-13
(11.0) : 12-15 (13.3) : 13-16 (14.4) : 85-105 (92.4) : 18-21 (18.9) : 50-59
(53.4).

Front tarsus with individual setae about three-fourths as long as basal tarsomere;
number of setae per tarsomere from basal segment: 5-6, 3-4, 3, 2, 0.

Pygidium polished apically, otherwise subpolished, with a fine reticulation,
sparsely punctured, angled at about 35 degrees, not depressed.

Paratypes. 1064, 1322; Arcadia, DeSoto County, FLA., April 2-
3, 1953 (?), March 31, 1954 (36 ¢, 322) (K. V. Krombein); same
locality, April 6, 1966 (13), March 30, 1967 (14), March 29, 1968
(1¢), June 27, 1967 (12) (Ethology Note No. TX-72), April 6-9,
1971 (322) (F. E. Kurczewski); Olga, Lee County, FLA., March 29,
1954 (12), March 30, 1954 (22 2?) (K. V. Krombein); Orlando, Orange
County, FLA., April 4, 1953 (12), April 3, 1954 (12, 4¢¢) (K. V.
Krombein ). All specimens collected “on sand” or “on sand flats.”
Paratypes have been deposited in the collections of the U. S. National
Museum, K. V. Krombein, F. E. Kurezewski, University of California
at Davis, Museum of Comparative Zoology, and Cornell University.

Tachysphex krombeini can be readily distinguished from the other
Florida species by the combination of small size, all-black color, narrow
least interocular distance, foretarsal comb and distinctive genitalia in
the male, and clypeus with only a single notch laterally in the female.
In Florida it is allied to the recently described T. boharti Krombein,
which has the abdomen partly or entirely red, is slightly larger, has a
wider least interocular distance, a much more polished pygidium, and,
according to Krombein (1963), distinctive genitalia.

The following keys will serve to separate the males and females of
the Florida species of Tachysphex. In many cases I have utilized size
and color for the sake of convenience although it is recognized that
such characters show considerable infraspecific variation.

MALES
1. Vertex with long, erect setae; a distinct convexity behind each posterior
ocellus; vertex and thorax highly polished, with well-separated punctures. 2
Vertex with very short setae or none at all; no convexities behind posterior
ocelli; vertex and thorax subpolished, opaque, or subopaque with fine,
Closempumetumese ta oe8 (sl i steas He eee a) a se 3

114 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

to

bo

=I

Fortetarsus with a distinct digging comb ~~ similis Rohwer
Foretarsus> without? a) digemeg tcomb! 22) 2 ae apicalis Fox
Large species, body length about 11-12 mm; all-black __ punetifrons (Fox)
Small species, less than 10 mm long; black or red and black —-----_- 4
Foretarsus without a digging comb; apices of femora, tibiae, and_ tarsi
testaceous or yellowish; setae on face golden — minimus (Fox)
Foretarsus with a distinct digging comb; tarsi at most reddish; setae on
FACE WESTLVERY. 1 OT. CIMCTCOUS (execs cs a ew 5
YADA] 0} EV) ie men aerw ee es ep erie ee Oa eee Re eres Seen eee wt sey krombeini, n. sp
Abdomen! red sand. black == = ss ae ee Reese ee ee 6
Scutum and_ scutellum opaque; propodeal declivity granulose; larger
species; body length 6=7 mm) = _ laevifrons (Smith)
Scutum and scutellum shiny; propodeal declivity with oblique rugae;
smaller species, body length 5 mm —_........ _ boharti Krombein
FEMALES

Vertex with long, erect setae; a distinct convexity behind each posterior

ocellus; vertex and thorax highly polished, with well-separated punctures — 2
Vertex with very short setae or none at all; no convexities behind posterior

ocelli; vertex and thorax subpolished, opaque, or subopaque with fine,

Gloseapuncbinnes: -met ttt mews, ee ee ea ee oe 8 eel 3

Anterior margin of clypeus with a median lobe; least interocular distance
(vertex) more than one-half the interocular distance at the lower edge
of the eyes; last abdominal tergite red _______________---__- apicalis Fox
Anterior margin of clypeus not produced into a lobe; least interocular
distance one-half or less the interocular distance at the lower edge of the

eyes; abdomen entirely black _ Sirs ihe teil ies ee Se ee similis Rohwer
Anterior edge of clypeus with a median emargination and two lateral teeth _ 4
Anterior margin of clypeus entire or with only a single notch laterally 5
Abdomen black; vestiture silvery or occasionally golden in older speci-
002) oh ae ee ae OO ee Pee ne ee te ier peer eas ESS minimus (Fox)
Abdomen red and black; vestiture golden sp. nr. belfragei (Cresson )
Abdomen: black) 2. crs. 0%: 28s = a eS Ne ee ee ee eee 6
Abdomen redvor red and, blacks Sa ore cee enn Sones oe ee ee ee 7
Large species, body length about 12-13 mm _______ puncetifrons (Fox)
Small species, body length 5-6 mm — SSS sSO*rombeini, n. sp.
Abdomen red and black; hind legs black; ents covered w vith short, cinereous
setae; larger species, 7.5-9.5 mm long __ laevifrons (Smith)
Abdomen red; hind femora black or reddish; body covered with rather long,
silvery setae; smaller species 5.5-7.5 mm long ______ boharti Krombein

T. krombeini nests in areas of sand with sparse vegetation (see fig.

4, Krombein and Kurczewski, 1963). The inclusive dates of collection
of the type series (March 29-June 27) suggest two or more generations
per year in Florida. Such multivolinity is common in this genus. Of
the six other species of Tachysphex which inhabit the sand flats at
Arcadia, Florida, only T. laevifrons is univoltine. The following notes

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 115

on the nesting behavior of T. krombeini were obtained on June 27,
1967 at Arcadia at an ambient temperature of 31° C.

One wasp (ethology note no. TX-72) constructed her nest in loose
sand amidst grasses and decumbent twigs. Her entrance, 3 mm in
diameter, was situated beside a grass clump and beneath an over-
hanging twig. The sand removed from the burrow formed a tumulus,
2.0 cm long, 1.9 em wide, and 0.9 cm high, in front of the entrance.
The nest entrance was left open during the provisioning trips. Begin-
ning at 1330 hours the female was observed to bring five prey to her
nest in 65 minutes. She spent 1-31 minutes for individual provisioning
trips. Prey were brought to the nest in rather high, rapid flights, the
speed of the flights varying inversely with the sizes of the prey. The
provisioning wasp held the prey underneath her body with the legs,
grasping its antennae with the mandibles. She plunged into the en-
trance, quickly releasing the prey just inside, and disappeared from
sight. She reappeared head first 3-8 seconds later, and, grasping the
prey by its antennae with the mandibles, backed into the nest. The
fact that each individual was released ventral side up suggests that
they were transported to the nest in this position. Small individuals
were released farther inside the entrance than larger ones. For example,
two small prey were released with only their hind tarsi and last few
abdominal sternites visible in the entrance. Larger prey, on the other
hand, were placed with the head inside the entrance, the remainder
of the body lying exposed on the sand. Eight to sixteen seconds after
pulling in the prey the wasp reappeared head first in the entrance and
flew away. In no case did she orient to her surroundings or turn toward
the entrance. Twice I was able to follow her during her hunting ex-
cursions. In both cases she searched for prey near her nest. Hunting
activities included flying from plant to plant, running on the stems and
leaves, and hovering nearby. In such a manner she was seen to flush
tiny prey from the vegetation but was unsuccessful in capturing any
of these individuals. At about 1435 hours the provisioning female re-
turned with her last prey, took it inside, and remained in the nest for
several minutes. She finally appeared head first, filling the burrow.
Coming outside, she raked sand backward with the forelegs which
were bent medially; then she backed into the burrow while raking
and packed the sand into the tunnel with the bent end of the abdomen.
While hammering she held the antennal tips against the walls of the
burrow. I collected the wasp before she finished and then excavated
her nest.

The burrow, 3 mm in diameter, entered the sand at an angle ot
about 37° to the horizon, coursed obliquely for 4.8 cm, and terminated
in a small oval cell, 2.8 em beneath the surface. The cell contained
seven rather thoroughly paralyzed prey—six nymphal acridids ( Melan-

116 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

oplus sp.) and one nymphal tettigoniid (Odontoxiphidium apterum
Morse). Five of the acridids, including the one to which the wasp’s
egg was attached, were positioned ventral side up and head inward.
The other acridid and tettigoniid were each placed dorsal side up and
head inward. The tettigoniid weighed only 4 mg, the acridids, 5, 5, 6,
6, 6, and 8 mg (female wasp, 6.5 mg), or a total of 40 mg for the cell
contents. The wasp’s egg was attached by the cephalic end to the soft
corium surrounding the base of the largest acridid’s left forecoxa and
laid transversely behind the front legs. It was slightly curved through-
out its length, sausage-shaped, cream in color, elastic, and 1.5 mm long
and 0.4 mm wide. It was preserved in 70 percent alcohol for further
study.

One female was captured at Arcadia at 1410 hours on April 9, 1971,
flying with a paralyzed nymphal Melanoplus sp. The wasp weighed
6.5 mg, and the prey, 7 mg.

T. krombeini is the only Florida species which nests in flat sand,
leaves the nest entrance open during provisioning trips, transports the
prey in flight, makes a single-celled nest, and stores several tiny acridids
and tettigoniids mixed in the cell. Its nesting behavior most closely
resembles that of T. sepulcralis Williams, a species of the Great Plains,
except that T. sepulcralis stores only acridids. In Florida both T. bo-
harti and T. laevifrons nest in flat sand, leave the nest entrance open
during provisioning trips, and construct a one-celled nest; however,
these species store only one or a few larger acridids per cell and often
transport the prey on the ground.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I am grateful to Karl V. Krombein, Smithsonian Institution, for reading the
manuscript critically, and to Ashley B. Gumey, U. S. National Museum, for identi-
fying the prey acridids and tettigoniids. I am also indebted to Richard Archbold
and his staff for providing the excellent facilities of the Archbold Biological Station,
Lake Placid, Florida. Carey E. Vasey, one of my graduate students, kindly dis-
sected and mounted the male genitalia for study.

REFERENCES

Bohart, R. M. 1962. New species of black Tachysphex from North America
(Hymenoptera, Sphecidae). Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 75:33—40.

Krombein, K. V. 1963. A new Tachysphex from southeastern United States
(Hymenoptera, Sphecidae). Ent. News 74:177-180.

Krombein, K. V. and H. E. Evans. 1954. A list of wasps collected in Florida,
March 29 to April 5, 1953, with biological annotations (Hymenoptera, Aculeata).
Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 56:225-236.

1955. An annotated list of wasps collected in Florida, March 20
to April 3, 1954 (Hymenoptera, Aculeata). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 57:223-235.
and F. E. Kurezewski. 1963. Biological notes on three Floridian

wasps (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae). Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 76:139-152.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 WLILZ

OBSERVATIONS ON THE LARVA OF HYPERA EXIMIA (LeCONTE)
(COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE )

D. M. AnvERSON, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research
Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture!

ABSTRACT—The recently discovered larva of Hypera eximia (LeConte) is
compared with the larvae of H. rumicis (L.) and H. compta Say. Modifications
of the existing key to North American Hypera larvae are proposed.

The larvae of most of the native and introduced species of Hypera
Germar in North America have been better known since the publica-
tion of a key to 14 Nearctic and Palearctic species by Anderson (1948 )
and of the work on central European weevil larvae by Scherf (1964),
but the immature stages of Hypera eximia (LeConte) have hitherto
remained entirely unknown. However, a series of larvae and pupae,
associated with adults identified as Hypera eximius by R. E. Warner
of this Laboratory, were recently collected on dock plants (Rumex sp. )
by Mr. Benjamin Puttler of the Biological Control Research Laboratory,
USDA, Columbia, Missouri. In the paragraphs which follow, the ma-
ture larva of H. eximia is compared with larvae of 2 other species which
are similar to it, and the changes necessary to fit it into the 1948 key by
Anderson are indicated. The technical terms used are defined in the
paper on a terminology for weevil larvae by Anderson (1947).

All of the specimens mentioned have been placed in the collection
of the U. S. National Museum in Washington, D.C.

COMPARATIVE NOTES

The mature larva of Hypera eximia agrees in all ways with the
generic larval description of Hypera (Anderson, 1948), which will not
be repeated here. In respect to specific characters, it strongly re-
sembles the larvae of the introduced H. rumicis (L.) and the native
H. compta (Say) in having the abdominal segments distinctly darker
above than below the epipleura, the head capsule entirely dark and
finely granulate dorsally and laterally (fig. 1), and the abdominal
pleura without asperities behind the longest seta (fig. 2). Thus, the
larva of H. eximia fits into the third group of Hypera larvae recognized
by Anderson (1948). It can, however, be easily distinguished from the
larvae of both H. rumicis and H. compta by its dorsal body setae, which
are much shorter and more distinctly enlarged toward the apex than
in those species (compare figs. 3, 4,5). H. eximia can be further dis-
tinguished from H. rumicis by the surface of the pronotal sclerite,
which is covered with blunt asperities in H. rumicis but is smooth with

1 Mail address: c/o U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560.

118 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

fo ¢
eo

fo) 0 °%0009 “oO

02990 09 190999 ©

co) 9 ° Cpe)

99 ? o.0
20,00 20° nee
25770 r)

0° 900" 62 &
995990095
290999000

Figs. 1-3. Hypera eximia (Lec.): 1, head, dorsal view; 2, abdominal pleural
lobe, showing distribution of asperities; 3, dorsal setae of abdominal segment II.
Fig. 4. Hypera compta Say, dorsal setae of abdominal segment II. Fig. 5.
Hypera rumicis (L.), dorsal setae of abdominal segment II.

a shiny central area in H. eximia. Dorsal fold HI of the abdominal
segments is clearly present in H. eximia and H. rumicis (figs. 3, 5),
but is apparently absent in compta (fig. 4).

In order to facilitate the identification of the larva of H. eximia, I
am proposing that the key to Hypera larvae by Anderson (1948) be
modified to include H. eximia through the substitution of the following
couplets for couplets 1 and 9. Figure numbers in the substitute couplets
refer to figures in the original work by Anderson (loc. cit.).

Couplet 1:

1. Principal dorsal setae cylindrical to club shaped, short (figs. 9, 22-25)
and abdomen not distinctly darker dorsally than ventrally; head cap-
sule orange anteriorly, brown or mottled posteriorly (often completely
Orange inenirinOstvis:): = 4. ee eee ee ee 2

Principal dorsal setae cylindrical to attenuate, not enlarged apically,
usually elongate (figs. 3-5, 8) or, if widened toward apex, as in

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 119

eximia, the abdomen distinctly darker dorsally than ventrally; head
capsule brown to nearly black, without a transverse orange band
ATECTIONN eee se kee NE | OE et Tet ee OTE 5s agen ss Ae 8

Couplet 9:

9. Principal dorsal body setae short, distinctly enlarged apically; pronotal
sclerite smooth with a central shiny area; dorsal fold III distinct on

first/6 abdominal! segments... eximia (LeConte )
Principal dorsal body setae elongate, not enlarged apically; other char-
acters) notin’ Same ‘c@mbination as above 2. = = 9a

9a. Frons with 3 pairs of setae (fig. 15); pronotum nearly uniformly covered
with blunt asperities; dorsal fold III distinct on abdominal segments

l=Ga tead=width= O81) to) 1085) mim) 22 _ rumicis (L.)
Frons with 4 pairs of setae (fig. 14); pronotum with a shiny pigmented
sclerite not covered with asperities; dorsal fold III apparently absent

on abdominal segments 1-6. Head width: 0.65 mm compta (Say )

MATERIAL EXAMINED

The larval specimens studied were labeled with the following data.
Numbers in parenthesis indicate the actual number of larvae (which
often were associated with adults and/or pupae) in each series.

Hypera compta: Priest Bridge, Md., May 21, 1939 and June 2, 1940,
on Polygonum, W. H. Anderson Colr. (48); Havana, IIl., April 30,
1898, on Polygonum (6); Clifton Hills, Mo., May 21, 1968, Hostetter
& Thewke (84); Canada (no other locality), June 6, 1922, on Polyg-
onum (11).

Hypera eximia: Carrollton, Missouri, May 26, 1967, May 9, 1968, Ex
Rumex, Puttler & Thewke (63).

Hypera rumicis: New Jersey Interstate Park, June 30, 1930, on Rumex,
J. C. Bridwell (5); New Jersey, May 24, 1957, on Dock, D. W. Jones
(7); Ravenkilde, Rebild, Jutland, Denmark, July 14, 1917, on Rumex,
J. P. Kryger (18); Holmegaard, Denmark, July 9-15, 1939, Rumex
hydrolapathum, J. P. Kryger (6).

REFERENCES

Anderson, W. H. 1947. A terminology for the anatomical characters useful in

the taxonomy of weevil larvae. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 49:123-132, illus.
1948. <A key to the larvae of some species of Hypera Germar,

1817 (Phytonomus Schoenherr, 1823) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). Proc. Ent.
Soc. Wash. 50:25-34, illus.

Scherf, H. 1954. Die Entwicklungsstadien der mitteleuropaischen Curcu-
lioniden (Morphologie, Bionomie, Okologie). Abhandl. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges.
No. 506, p. 1-335, illus.

120 PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

HOST PLANTS OF THREE POLYPHAGOUS AND WIDELY DISTRIBUTED
APHIDS IN THE LOS ANGELES STATE AND COUNTY
ARBORETUM, ARCADIA, CALIFORNIA’

(HoMopTERA: APHIDIDAE )

Mortimer D. Leonarp, Collaborator, Entomology Research Division, Agricultural
Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture?

and

Harry G. WALKER, Entomologist, and LrEonip ENnaArt, Plant Taxonomist,
Los Angeles State and County Arboretum, 301 North Baldwin Avenue,
Arcadia, California 91006

ABSTRACT—Host plants are listed for Acyrthosiphon (Aulacorthum) solani
(Kalt.), Macrosiphum euphoribae (Thom.) and Myzus ornatus Laing from col-
lections made during 1966 and 1967 in the Los Angeles State and County
Arboretum, Arcadia, California.

During 1966 and 1967, aphids were collected from 1,332 different
kinds of plants at the Los Angeles State and County Arboretum,
Arcadia, California. Among other aphids, three polyphagous and
widely distributed species were found. They were: Acyrthosiphon
(Aulacorthum) solani (Kaltenbach), Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas)
and Myzus ornatus Laing. For each species a list of the host plants
is given, arranged in alphabetical order according to genera, including
the date or dates of collection and an indication of the relative abun-
dance of the aphids. In addition, there is an alphabetical listing of
the family names of the host plants, plus the number of genera, the
number of hosts and the number of collections in which each species
was found. A. solani is listed from 64 plants, Macrosiphum euphoribae
from 107, and Myzus ornatus from 110.

Host Pants or Aecyrthosiphon (Aulacorthum) solani (KALTENBACH )
ARRANGED IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER ACCORDING TO GENERA, INCLUDING
THE DATE OR DATES OF COLLECTION AND AN INDICATION OF THE
RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF THE APHIDS

Caprifoliaceae Elaeocarpaceae
Abelia grandiflora Rehd. Aristotelia maqui L’ Herit
28/1V /67 scarce 28/1V /67 scarce
Acanthaceae Loganiaceae
Acanthus mollis Linn. Buddleia ‘Royal Purple’
28/11/67 scarce 5/1V/67 moderate
1 This is the third paper in a series on the host plants of aphids at the Los

Angeles State and County Arboretum in which Dr. Leonard was responsible for
the identification of the aphids, Dr. Walker for their collection, and Dr. Enari for
the identification of the host plants.

2 Mail address: 2480 16th Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20009.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 Pall

Myrtaceae
Callistemon sp.
14/1V /67 scarce
C. pachyphyllus viridis Cheel
14/IV/67 scarce
Leguminosae
Cassia australis Reinw.
12/1V/67
C. didymobotrya Fresen.
17/1IV/67
Compositae
Chrysanthemum indicum Linn.
15/II1/67 moderate
Ranunculaceae
Clematis paniculata Thunb.
4/V /67
Leguminosae
Clianthus formosus Ford & Vickery
12/1V/67 scarce
Cornaceae
Cornus candidissima Mill.
5/1IV/67
Rosaceae
Cotoneaster amoena E. H. Wilson
28/1V /67 scarce
Compositae
Dahlia sp.
5/VII/67
Leguminosae
Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.
6/V /67
Sterculiaceae
Dombeya dregeana Sond.
15/111 /67
D. natalensis Sond.
3/XI1/67
Flacourtiaceae
Dovyalis caffra Warb.
6/1V /67
Boraginaceae
Ehretia hottentotica Burch.
20/IV /67
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbia candelabrum Tremaut
25/1V /67 scarce
Liliaceae
Eustrephus latifolius R. Br.
12/1V/67
Geitonoplesium cymosum A. Cunn.
12/1V /67 moderate

scarce

moderate

Scarce

moderate

scarce

scarce

moderate

scarce

moderate

moderate

scarce

Proteaceae
Grevillea “Pink Pygmy’
11/IV /67
Melianthaceae
Greyia sutherlandii Hook. & Harv.
17/1V/67 scarce
Malvaceae
Hibiscus pedunculatus Linn.
5/IV/67
Hypericaceae
Hypericum hircinum Linn.
10/II1/67 moderate
H. hookerianum Wight & Arn.

moderate

scarce

20/1V /67 abundant
2/V /67 moderate
H. patulum Thunb.
19/V1/67 moderate
H. polyphyllum Boiss. & Bal.
13/V/67 moderate
H. revolutum Vahl.
10/I1I1/67 moderate
Aquifoliaceae
Ilex burfordii Howell
2/V /67 scarce
I. latifolia Thunb.
1/V/67 scarce
I. rotunda Thunb.
2/V /67 scarce
Geraniaceae
Impatiens sultani Hook.
27 /XI1/67 scarce
Crassulaceae
Kalanchoe blossfeldiana V. Poelln.
25/1V /67 scarce
Verbenaceae
Lantana kisi A. Rich
17/1V /67 scarce
L. montevidensis Briq.
26/X/67 scarce
Myrtaceae

Leptospermum scoparium “Grandi-
florum Roseum’

12/1V/67 scarce
Melaleuca elliptica Labill

13/IV/67 scarce
M. monticola F. M. Black

14/1V /67 moderate
M. pauciflora Turcz.

17/1V /67 scarce

122

M. platycalyx Diels.
14/1V/67
Compositae
Montanoa bipinnatifida C. Koch
10/X1/66
Myrsinaceae
Myrsine africana Linn.
14/11/67
Hamamelideae
Parrotia persica C. A. Mey.
5/1V/67
Leguminosae
Phaselous caracalla Linn.
20/1V /67
Oleaceae
Phillyrea media Linn.
18/11/67
Pittosporaceae
Pittosporum phillyraeoides DC.
17/11/67 moderate
Labiatae
Prostanthera nivea A. Cunn.
14/1V/67
Rosaceae
Pyracantha koidzumii Rehder
16/111 /67 moderate
Pyrus communis Linn.
24/111 /67
Rubiaceae
Randia rudis E. Mey.
16/1V /67
Bignoniaceae
Rhigozum obovatum Burch
6/IV /67

scarce

scarce

moderate

scarce

abundant

moderate

abundant

moderate

moderate

PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

Saxifragaceae
Ribes viburnifolium A. Gray
2/V/67
Leguminosae
Robinia hispida Linn.
1/V1/67
Labiatae
Salvia apiana Jepson
24 /TI1/67
S. microphylla H. B. & K.
14/II1/67
27/11/67
13/V1/67
Euphorbiaceae
Sarcococca ruscifolia Stapf.
4/V/67
Compositae
Senecio petasitis DC.
7/1V/67
Leguminosae
Sophora moorcroftiana Benth.
6/IV /67 moderate
Apocynaceae
Strophanthus divaricatus Wall.
23/V1/67 moderate
Caprifoliaceae
Viburnum opulus ‘Hans’
8/V/67
Apocynaceae
Vinca major Linn.
6/XI1/67
Leguminosae
Wisteria floribunda DC.
5/1V/67

scarce

scarce

abundant

abundant

scarce
scarce

scarce

moderate

moderate

abundant

moderate

AN ALPHABETICAL List OF THE FAMILIES OF THE Host PLANTs OF Acyrthosiphon
(Aulocorthum) solani (KALTENBACH), INDICATING THE NUMBER OF GENERA, OF
SPECIES OR OTHER CLASSIFICATION AND THE NUMBER OF COLLECTIONS
MaAbeE Durinc 1966 ANp 1967.

Family Genera Hosts Collections
Acanthaceae 1 1 il
Apocynaceae 2 2 2
Aquifoliaceae 1 3 3
Bignoniaceae 1 i! iL
Boraginaceae il il 1
Caprifoliaceae 2 oD} 2;
Compositae 4 4 4
Cornaceae il 1 il!

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

List (CONTINUED )

Family Genera Hosts Collections
Crassulaceae Il 1 i
Elaeocarpaceae 1 il 1
Euphorbiaceae 2 2 2
Flacourtaceae 1 il 1
Geraniaceae 2 2 2
Hamamelideae I 1 1
Hypericaceae 1 5 6
Labiatae 2; 3 5
Leguminosae U 8 8
Liliaceae 2 2} 9)
Loganiaceae i 1 1
Malvaceae il 1 1
Melianthaceae 1 i 1
Myrsinaceae 1 1 il
Myrtaceae 3 7 7
Oleaceae 1 i i
Pittosporaceae 1 iL 1
Proteaceae 1 1 il
Ranunculaceae 1 1 1
Rosaceae 2 2 2
Rubiaceae I 1 1
Saxifragaceae 1 1 il
Sterculiaceae 1 B. 2
Verbenaceae 1 2; 2

Total 50 64 67

Host PLANTs OF Macrosiphum euphorbiae (THOMAS) ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY

ACCORDING TO GENERA INCLUDING THE DATE OR DATES OF COLLECTION AND AN
INDICATION OF THE ABUNDANCE OF THE APHIDS.

Caprifoliaceae
Abelia sp.
28/1V/67
Malvaceae
Abutilon hybridum Voss.
17/V/67
A. hybridum ‘Pink’
13/VII/66
A. hybridum ‘Red’
28/11/67
15/VI1/67
Compositae
Ageratum mexicanum Sims.
15/11/67
Malvaceae
Alyogyne hakeifolia Alef.
30/VI1/67

scarce

SCarce

scarce

moderate
abundant

abundant

Amaranthaceae
Amaranthus retroflexus Linn.
14/V1/67
Scrophulariaceae
Antirrhinum sp.
14/1V/66
16/V/67
Chenopodiaceae
Atriplex halimus Linn.
22/11/67
A. vesicaria Heward
31/11/67
Rosaceae

scarce

scarce

scarce

scarce

Bencomia moquiniana Webb. & Berth.
moderate

5/1V/67
Compositae
Calendula sp.

123

124

moderate
scarce

14/IV/66
13/V/67
C. ‘Lemon Ball’
31/X/67
Myrtaceae
Callistemon salignus australis Benth.
13/IV/67 moderate
Bignoniaceae
Catalpa bignonioides Walt.
14/IV/66
C. hybrida ‘Japonica’
13/V/67
Valerianaceae
Centranthus ruber “Alba
15/11/67
Solanaceae
Cestrum parqui L Herit.
21/11/67
Bombacaceae
Chorisia speciosa St. Hil.
12/1V/66
25/1V /67
Compositae
Chrysanthemum frutescens Linn.
23/V1/67 moderate
Malvaceae
Cienfuegosia gossypioides Hochr.
30/11/67 moderate
Cistaceae
Cistus crispus Linn.
18/11/67
Convolvulaceae
Convolvulus arvensis Linn.
14/VI1/67
Cornaceae
Cornus amomum Mill.
5/IV/67
Araliaceae
Cussonia spicata Thunb.
8/VII/67
Leguminosae
Daubentonia tripetii Poit.
6/VIII/66
24/V /67

Rosaceae

moderate

scarce

scarce

abundant

abundant

scarce

scarce

moderate

moderate

moderate

moderate

Dendriopoterium menendizii
Virescens
5/1V/67

abundant

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

Sterculiaceae
Dombeya rotundifolia Planch.
6/1IV/67 scarce
Chenopodiaceae
Enchylaena tomentosa R. Br.
31/II1/67
Myoporaceae
Eremophila serrulata Druce
23/1/67
Compositae
Eriocephalus africanus Linn.
27/1/67
Papaveraceae
Eschscholzia californica Cham.

moderate

scarce

scarce

24 /II1/67 moderate
Myrtaceae
Eucalyptus brevifolia F. Muell.
31/II1/67 scarce
E. caesia Benth.
29/V1/67 abundant
E. diversifolia Bonpl.
30/II1/67 scarce
E. fasiculata Deane & Maiden
6/VII/67 moderate
E, heterophylla Miq.
31/11/67 moderate

E. megacornuta C. A. Gardner

2.4 /II1/67 moderate
E. preissiana Schau.
30/1/67 scarce
E. torquata Luehm.
2/1V/67 scarce
12/1V/67 scarce
E. trachyphloia F. Muell.
30/V1/67 scarce
E. urnigera Hook
13/VII/67 abundant
E. viridis latiuscula Blakely
6/VII/67 scarce
Compositae
Gaillardia Hybrids
15/V/67 scarce
Rubiaceae
Gardenia jasminoides Ellis
30/V1/67 scarce
Iridaceae

Geissorhiza inaequalis L. Bolus
30/1V /67 moderate

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 125

Proteaceae
Hakea leucoptera R. Br.
20/1/67
Leguminosae
Hardenbergia monophylla Benth.

scarce

25/II1/67 scarce
24/X/67 scarce
Scrophulariaceae
Hebe andersonii Cockayne
15/II1/67 moderate
H. perfoliata R. Br.
18/II1/66 moderate
27/V1/66 abundant
10/VII/67 moderate
Cistaceae
Helianthemum canum Boiss.
18/II1/67 scarce
Hypericaceae
Hypericum sp.
14/V1/67 moderate
H. arnoldianum Rehder
20/1V /67 scarce
H. densiflorum Pursh.
15/11/67 scarce
H. elatum Ait.
18/II1/67 abundant
H. hircinum Linn.
23/V/67 scarce
H. revolutum Vahl.
23/V/67 moderate
H. ‘Sun Gold’
15/V/67 scarce
Solanaceae
Iochroma cyaneum H. L. Green
28/1V /67 scarce
Iridaceae
Tris sp.
12/IV/66 scarce
15/11/67 abundant
5/1V/67 scarce
I. cypriana Foster & Baker
9/11/67 moderate
I. ‘Helen McGregor’
29/XII1/66
Bignoniaceae

Jacaranda acutifolia Humb. & Bonpl.
5/V1/67 moderate
Cupressaceae
Juniperus rigida Sieb. & Zucc.
7/11/67 scarce

Compositae
Kleinia repens Haw.
25/IV/67
Lythraceae
Lagerstroemia ‘Walteriana’
16/V/67
Ficoidaceae
Lampranthus ‘Hybrids’
20/1V /67
Verbenaceae
Lantana camara Linn.
27 /II1/67
20/1V /67
Caprifoliaceae
Lonicera japonica Thunb.
15/11/67
L. maackii Herd.
2/V/67
L. nitida E. H. Wilson
2/V/67
Pittosporaceae
Marianthus lineatus F. Muell.
28/XI1/66 abundant
30/VI1/67 moderate
Celastraceae
Maytenus boaria Molina
8/11/67
Berberideae
Nandina domestica Thunb.
3/V/67
Araliaceae
Nothopanax arboreum Seem.
3/VII/67
Scrophulariaceae
Penstemon sp.
15/11/67
Leguminosae
Phaseolus caracalla Linn.
28/V1/67
Saxifragaceae
Philadelphus grandiflorus Willd.
8/V/67 moderate
P. pekinensis Rupr.
13/V/67
P. schrenkii Rupr.
13/V/67
Oleaceae
Phillyrea media Linn.
18/11/67

abundant

scarce

scarce

moderate
scarce

moderate

scarce

scarce

abundant

moderate

scarce

moderate

Scarce

moderate

Scarce

abundant

126 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

Pittosporaceae
Pittosporum viridiflorum Sims.
22,/V1/67 scarce
Punicaceae
Punica granatum nana Pers.
27 /IIL/67

Ranunculaceae

moderate

Ranunculus sp.
30/XII/67
Rosaceae

moderate

Rosa sp.
15/VII/66
27/XI1/67
R. spinosissima Linn.
1/V1/67
Rutaceae

abundant
moderate

Ruta graveolens Linn.
24/TII1/67
Labiatae
Salvia aurea Linn.
22/1V /67
Leguminosae
Schotia brachypetala Sond.
22/V1/67
Compositae

abundant

Scarce

Scarce

Senecio angulatus Linn.
23/V1/67

S. megaglossus F. Muell.
5/1V/67

S. microglossus DC.
23/V1/67

S. petasitis DC.
7/1V/66

Sonchus oleraceus Linn.

14/VI/67

scarce

scarce

scarce

Scarce

abundant

Leguminosae
Sophora moorcroftiana Benth.
6/1V/67 moderate
Iridaceae
Sparaxis ‘Hybrids’
3/1V/67
Rosaceae
Spiraea crenata Linn.
1/V/67
Compositae
Tagetes sp.
10/V/66
T. ‘Cultivar’
20/V /66
Iridaceae
Thereianthus spicatus G. F. Lewis
3/1V/67 scarce
Rhamnaceae
Trevoa trinervia Niers.
8/11/67
Polygonaceae
Triplaris brasiliana Cham.
5/V1/67
Araliaceae
Tupidanthus calyptratus Hook
17/11/67 scarce
Verbenaceae
Verbena rigida Spreng.
20/1V /67
Caprifoliaceae
Viburnum prunifolium Linn.
8/V/67
V. suspensum Lindl.
5/V/67
Urticaceae
Zelkova serrata Makino
9/V/67

moderate

moderate

Scarce

abundant

abundant

abundant

moderate

scarce

AN ALPHABETICAL LIST OF THE FAMILIES OF THE Host PLANTS OF Macrosiphum
euphorbiae (THomMaAs) INDICATING THE NUMBER OF GENERA, OF SPECIES OR
OTHER CLASSIFICATION AND OF COLLECTIONS MADE DurING 1966 AND 1967.

Family Genera Hosts Collections
Amaranthaceae 1 1 I
Araliaceae 3 3
Berberidae 1 1 1
Bignoniaceae 2 3 3
Bombacaceae il I 2,
Caprifoliaceae 3 6 6

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

List (CONTINUED )

Family

Celastraceae
Chenopodiaceae
Cistaceae
Compositae
Convolvulaceae
Cornaceae
Cupressaceae
Ficoidaceae
Hypericaceae
Iridaceae
Labiatae
Leguminosae
Lythraceae
Malvaceae
Myoporaceae
Myrtaceae
Oleaceae
Papaveraceae
Pittosporaceae
Polygonaceae
Proteaceae
Punicaceae
Ranunculaceae
Rhamnaceae
Rosaceae
Rubiaceae
Rutaceae
Saxifragaceae
Scrophulariaceae
Solanaceae
Sterculiaceae
Urticaceae
Valerianaceae
Verbenaceae

Total

Genera

DO me Bee WD OO RO RE i OD i OD ik Oe OT OBR Re eS eH OND DH

73

127

Hosts

_

_
DR Re Rd BOR RB OR RR RB DD be OU OR DD ATT RRR Re BD wR

107

Collections

=
CO ee DO TO EOD OD OT TE OO OR ee OLN Oe

121

Host PLANts oF Myzus ornatus (LAING) ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY ACCORDING
To GENERA, INCLUDING THE DATE OR DATES OF COLLECTION AND AN
INDICATION OF THE ABUNDANCE OF THE APHIDS.

Caprifoliaceae

Abelia grandiflora Rehd.

14/II1/67
28/1V/67

A. grandiflora ‘Prostrata’

6/V/67

moderate
scarce

sCarce

Acanthaceae
Acanthus mollis Linn.
28/11/67
Compositae
Achillea millefolium Linn.
23/V /67

Scarce

moderate

128 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

Ageratum mexicanum Sims

15/11/67 scarce
Verbenaceae
Aloysia triphylla (L’Her.) Britt.
16/V1/67 moderate
Scrophulariaceae
Antirrhinum sp.
16/V/67 scarce
Araliaceae
Aralia cordata Thunb.
4/V/67 scarce
Compositae

Arctotheca calendula ( Linn.) Levyns
3/1V/67 scarce
22/V1/67 scarce

Arctotis acaulis Linn.
27/1/67

Artemisia douglasiana Bess.
27/11/67

A. nutans Willd.

22./V /67
Chenopodiaceae

Atriplex breweri S. Wats.
15/VI1/67

A. canescens James
16/V1/67

Urticaceae

Boehmeria nivea Gaudich

2/V/67
Myoporaceae

Bontia daphnoides Linn.

28/11/67
Rutaceae

Boronia megastigma Nees

12/1V/67
Scrophulariaceae

Bowkeria gerrardiana Harv.

3/IV/67
Compositae

Calendula officinalis Linn.

13/V/67
Myrtaceae

Calothamnus validus S. Moore

15/IV/67
Cannaceae

Canna indica Linn.

13/11/67
Leguminosae

Cassia didymobotrya Fresen.

17/1V/67

moderate
scarce

abundant

scarce

SCarce

Scarce

scarce

moderate

abundant

Scarce

scarce

scarce

moderate

C. phyllodinea R. Br.

31/II1/67 moderate
Compositae
Chrysanthemum indicum Linn.
15/11/67 moderate
C. ‘Rambler’
15/V/67 moderate
Cistaceae
Cistus creticus Linn.
18/III/67 scarce
C. salvifolius Linn.
22/11/67 abundant
Onagraceae
Clarkia amoena Nels. & Macbr.
23/V1/67 scarce
Verbenaceae
Clerodendron myricoides G. Don
28/11/67 moderate
17/1V/67 moderate
Boraginaceae
Cordia abyssinica R. Br.
8/VII/67 scarce
Cornaceae
Cornus kousa v. chinensis Osburn
3/V/67 scarce
Rosaceae
Cotoneaster sp.
6/V/67 scarce
C. amoena E. H. Wilson
28/1V /67 scarce
C. conspicua Marquand
21/XII/66
2/V/67 moderate
C. microphylla cochleata R. & W.
5/V/67 scarce
Hamamelideae
Davidia involucrata vilmoriniana
Wang.
4/V/67 scarce
Saxifragaceae
Deutzia vilmorina Lemoine & Bois.
16/V/67 scarce
Sapindaceae
Dodonaea cuneata Rudge
31/I111/67 moderate
Rosaceae
Duchesnea indica Andr.
7/1V/67 abundant

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 129

Verbenaceae
Duranta erecta Linn.
21/V1/67
Boraginaceae
Echium giganteum Linn.
18/11/67
Myoporaceae
Eremophila serrulata Druce
23/1/67
Compositae
Erlangea rogersii S. Moore
5/1V/67
Eucommiaceae
Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.
1/11/67
Compositae
Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng.

Scarce

moderate

Scarce

abundant

abundant

16/II1/67 moderate
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbia mauritanica Linn.
22,/1V /67 abundant
Trochodendraceae

Euptelea polyandra Sieb. & Zucc.
9/V/67 scarce
Compositae
Euryops pectinatus Cass.
17/11/67
Araliaceae
Fatshedera lizei Guillaumin
4/III/68
Umbelliferae
Ferula communis Linn.
23/V/67
Onagraceae
Fuchsia microphylla H. B. & K.
16/III/67 scarce
Compositae
Gaillardia Hybrids
15/V/67 scarce
Gamolepis chrysanthemoides DC.
14/III/67 moderate
Rubiaceae
Gardenia jasminoides Ellis
5/V/67
Compositae
Gazania longiscapa Hybrids
3/1V/67
Geraniaceae
Geranium robertianum Linn.
3/V/67

abundant

abundant

scarce

SCarce

abundant

scarce

Leguminosae
Hardenbergia violacea Stearn.
25/II1/67 scarce
Scrophulariaceae
Hebe andersonii Cockayne
15/II1/67
H. speciosa R. Cunn.
15/11/67
Dilleniaceae
Hibbertia obcuneata Salisb.
27/11/67
Hypericaceae
Hypericum chinense Linn.
5/V/67
H. densiflorum Pursh.
15/V/67 scarce
H. hookerianum Wight & Arn.
2/V /67 moderate
H. polyphyllum Bois. & Bal.
13/V/67
Acanthaceae
Jacobinia carnea Nichols
28/11/67
Oleaceae
Jasminum humile Linn.
A/V /67
Verbenaceae
Lantana sp.
14/XII/66
L. camara Linn.
10/11/67
20/1V/67
L. kisi A. Rich.
1/11/67
18/V/67
Myrtaceae
Leptospermum “Red Damask’
12/1IV/67 scarce
Hamamelideaee
Liquidambar orientalis Mill.
6/V/67
Caprifoliaceae
Lonicera nitida E. H. Wilson
2/V /67
Myrtaceae
Melaleuca hypericifolia Sm.
25/I11/67
Metrosideros excelsa Soland
26/II1/67

moderate

scarce

Scarce

Scarce

moderate

scarce

scarce

abundant
scarce

scarce
SCarce

Scarce

SCarce

SCarce

scarce

130

Compositae
Montanoa bipinnatifida C. Koch
28/1V /67 scarce
Acanthaceae

Odontonema strictum Kuntze
28/11/67 scarce
Compositae
Olearia viscidula Benth.
26/1V/67

Geraniaceae

moderate

Pelargonium ‘Nutmeg’
15/V/67
Leguminosae

moderate

Phaseolus caracalla Linn.
20/1V /67
Saxifragaceae

Scarce

Philadelphus pekinensis Rupr.
13/V/67 moderate
Labiatae
Phlomis fruticosa Linn.
18/11/67
Solanaceae

Scarce

Physalis alkekengi Linn.
18/III/67
Pittosporaceae

moderate

Pittosporum undulatum Vent
14/II1/67 moderate
Labiatae
Plectranthus beharensis
17/IV/67
Rosaceae
Prunus munsoniana W. F. W. & Hed.
8/V/67 scarce
Raphiolepis indica ‘Rosea’
3/V/67
Rubus palmatus Thunb.
2/V /67
Rhamnaceae

scarce

scarce
moderate
Sageretia theezans Brongn.

1/V/67
Labiatae

SCarce

Salvia apiana Jepson
24/II1/67

S. aurea Linn.
22/1V/67

S. microphylla H. B. & K.
27/11/67

abundant

scarce

Scarce

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

S. splendens Ker.-Gawl.

27 /II1/67 abundant
Malvaceae
Sida schimperiana Hochst.
17/1V/67 moderate
7/VI1/67 scarce
Acanthaceae
Strobilanthes lactatus Hook.
1/11/67 moderate
Melastomaceae
Tibouchina sp.
7/11/67 abundant
T. holosericea Baill.
8/11/67 moderate
T. moricandiana Baill.
7/11/67 scarce
T. sellowiana Cogn.
8/11/67 moderate
T. urvilleana Cogn.
7/11/67 moderate
T. viminea Cogn.
7/11/67 scarce
T. weddellii Cogn.
7/11/67 moderate
Verbenaceae
Verbena peruviana Druce
19/VI1/67 moderate
Scrophulariaceae
Veronica derwentia Andr.
11/IV/67 scarce
Caprifoliaceae
Viburnum odorotissimum Ker.-Gawl.
5/V/67 abundant
V. plicatum tomentosum Miq.
6/V/67 scarce
V. opulus ‘Hans’
8/V/67 moderate
Apocynaceae
Vinca major Linn.
15/II1/67 moderate
V. rosea Linn.
10/111 /67 abundant
Verbenaceae
Vitex agnus-castus ‘“Latifolia’
94/V /67 scarce
Caprifoliaceae

Weigela floribunda (S. & Z.) Koch
13/V/67 scarce

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 131

AN ALPHABETICAL LIST OF THE FAMILIES OF THE Host PLANTs OF Myzus ornatus
LAING INDICATING THE NUMBER OF GENERA, OF SPECIES OR OTHER
CLASSIFICATION AND THE NUMBER OF COLLECTIONS MADE

Durinc 1966 anv 1970.

Family Genera Hosts Collections

a

Acanthaceae
Apocynaceae
Araliaceae
Boraginaceae
Cannaceae
Caprifoliaceae
Chenopodiaceae
Cistaceae
Compositae 1
Cornaceae
Dilleniaceae
Eucommiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Geraniaceae
Hamamelideae
Hypericaceae
Labiatae
Leguminosae
Malvaceae
Melastomaceae
Myoporaceae
Myrtaceae
Oleaceae
Onagraceae
Pittosporaceae
Rhamnaceae
Rosaceae
Rubiaceae
Rutaceae
Sapindaceae
Saxifragaceae
Scrophulariaceae
Solanaceae
Trochodendraceae
Umbelliferae
Urticaceae
Verbenaceae

—_

CO mB Re UNH RB eH OR ke NFR KR NAEP ROKRNNYNDO RRR eR AINNOAE NNN B&
—

De eRe RNY KR Be ORF HE NFR NRF RWW NY NOKH eH KB kK OR eB Re DPhp Ph
= eS ON SBE RE BS ORK NOK KR NWOAINYNROKNNORE RK KF ONN WKN WD WD

—

|

—
eH
<>)
—
_
“I

Total 83

132, PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

HYMENOPTERA ASSOCIATED WITH PIG CARRION

Jerry A. Payne, Department of Entomology and Economic Zoology, Clemson
University, Clemson, South Carolina 29631*

and

W. R. M. Mason, Taxonomy Section, Canada Department of Agriculture,
Entomology Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario

ABSTRACT—Decomposing pigs (Sus scrofa L.) were exposed under various
ecological conditions in South Carolina over a period of several years, and a
faunistic survey and succession was compiled for the microcommunity of carrion
animals that was attracted to them. This paper tabulates the 82 spp. of Hymenop-
tera collected, and records observations of their habits and possible relationships
in the carrion community. Two new species, Aphaereta soronastes, n. sp.
(Braconidae) and Atractodes neerix, n. sp. (Ichneumonidae) are described.

Carrion, despite the obvious disadvantages, recently has become a
popular subject for research. The dead bodies of animals have incited
numerous writings; the literature has included studies of problems of
agricultural importance, medico-legal importance, and the biology and
taxonomy of certain beetles and flies, but there have been few attempts
to record and observe the complete fauna of carrion, including the so-
called incidental or secondary species.

During the summers of 1962 and 1963, the entire year of 1966, and
the spring of 1967, a comparative study of pig carcasses, both exposed
to and isolated from arthropods, was undertaken to determine the
actual processes and rates of decomposition (Payne, 1965; 1967). Animal
succession and decomposition of carrion were studied under different
environmental conditions. Baby pigs, Sus scrofa Linnaeus, were sus-
pended from trees at various heights, placed in water, buried in the
ground, and maintained free from, partially free from, and completely
exposed to insects. For brevity, pigs in the last category are indicated
here as “open” or “grounded.”

A faunal survey was conducted in conjunction with this study (Payne,
Mead, and King, 1968; Payne and King, 1969). Special attention was
focused on the food habits, relative abundance, succession, and micro-
seral distribution of individual members of the carrion microcom-
munity. The present paper deals with the hymenopterous species
which were associated with the various stages.

METHODS AND MATERIALS

Carcasses were frequently examined for insects; collections were
made at various times of the day and night. Excavations beneath the

! Present address: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service,
Entomology Research Division, P.O. Box 87, Byron, Georgia 31008.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 133

carrion were searched thoroughly by using a gardener’s tool. Larvae
suspected of being parasitized were collected for rearing of the para-
sites in the laboratory. Some insect-open or grounded carcasses were
painted or coated with mevinphos, a phosphate insecticide. This per-
mitted nearly complete collections of insects from all stages of decay,
since most arthropods which visited the mevinphos-coated carrion were
immobilized or quickly killed.

At the termination of each experiment (60 or more days of observa-
tion), carcass remains were collected from their respective cages and
thoroughly examined for fauna. The remains of all buried and most
other pigs were placed in Berlese funnels for extraction of arthropods.

RESULTS AND DiscUSSION

Eighty-two species of Hymenoptera were collected from pig carrion.
Table 1 gives the systematic list of all 82 species and the exposure
type from which collected. A brief synopsis of these species and their
food habits follows.

Braconidae—Alysia ridibunda Say was the most common braconid
at carrion and was attracted to carrion during the active and advanced
decay stages when dipterous larvae were most abundant. These wasps
were often found crawling in the cracks and crevices of the carcass
and even observed probing in the decaying flesh with their ovipositor.
This parasite has been reared from several Calliphora, Lucilia and Sar-
cophaga species inhabiting carcasses (Roberts, 1935).

Aphaereta soronastes Mason,” a parasitic braconid, was reared from
Fannia pupae from grounded and water carcasses. It was also observed
probing for Phaenicia maggots concealed under the skin of pig car-
casses. Members of the subfamily Microgasterinae which include
Apanteles and Microplitis all seem to be internal parasites of lepidop-
terous larvae (Muesebeck and Walkley, 1951); Apanteles carpatus
(Say) was reared from larvae of Ascedes fuscipuntella (Haworth) and
A. pallescentella (Stainton), tineids which occupied these remains
(Payne and King, 1969).

Ichneumonidae—Members of the genus Atractodes were the most
common ichneumonid attracted to carrion, even one new species,
Atractodes necrix Mason,” was collected. Females of Atractodes at-
tacked exposed larvae of Phaenicia; however, no parasites were re-
covered from these maggots. They are believed to be parasitic on
carrion-inhabiting muscoid Diptera and have been reared from Hydro-
taea dentipes Fabricius (Myers, 1929).

Xenolytus sp. was reared from tree pig remains; they were suspected
of parasitizing tineid larvae occupying these remains. The genera

2 Description of this new species follows the discussion of food habits.

134 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

Table 1. Systematic list of species and the dead pig exposure type from which
collected during 1962, 1963, 1966, and 1967.

Species Exposure*

Order HYMENOPTERA

Family Braconidae

Apanteles carpatus (Say) Ay
Apanteles spp.** 10,
Microplitis sp. a
Aphaereta pallipes (Say) IO, W
Aphaereta soronastes Mason IO, W
Alysia ridibunda Say LOL TONY,
Rogas spp. 10
Bucculatriplex bucculatricis (Ashmead ) (6)
Pauesia sp.** IO
Family Ichneumonidae
Alegina sp. Ge
Gelis sp.** IO
Xenolytus sp. ili
Endasys subclavatus (Say )** IO
Atractodes americanus Ashmead i(@)
Atractodes necrix Mason 10
Phaeogenes sp. IO
Cratichneumon paratus (Say) IO
Temelucha sp. fe)
Habrocryptoides rufifrons (Walsh) IO
Ischnus cintipes (Walsh) fe)
Family Eulophidae
Dicladocerus sp. B
Tetrastichus sp. rz
Family Pteromalidae
Spalangia nigra Latreille at
Spalangia drosophilae Ashmead Ah
Pachycrepoideus dubius Ashmead at
Pachycrepoideus vindaemniae (Rondani) AL
Muscidifurax raptor Girault and Sanders a
Family Figitidae
Neralsia sp. W
Figites sp. LOS Te Wy,
Family Cynipidae
Kleidotoma sp. B
Ganaspis sp. eB
Pseudeucoila sp. 1Oe EP Vy.

* [10—Insect-open, or grounded, T—Tree, W—Water, B—Buried.
** For record only. No evidence of attraction to carrion community.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

Table 1. (Continued )

135

Species

Exposure*

Ceroptres sp.**

Neuroterus sp.**

Andricus flavohirtus Beutenmueller**
Callirhytis futilis (Osten Sacken)**

Family Evaniidae
Hyptia harpyoides Bradley

Family Pelecinidae
Pelecinus polyturator (Drury )

Family Proctotrupidae

Cryptoserphus abruptus (Say )
Codrus sp.

Family Diapriidae
Aneurhynchus sp.

Psilus sp.
Trichopria sp. (poss. haematobiae Ashmead )

Family Mutillidae
Pseudomethoca simillima (Smith )

Family Formicidae

Amblyopone pallipes (Haldeman )
Euponera sp.

Proceratium silaceum Roger

Ponera coarctata pennsylvanica Buckley
Stenamma meridionale Smith
Stenamma diecki Emery
Aphaenogaster fulva Roger
Aphaenogaster lamellidens Mayr
Aphaenogaster rudis Emery
Aphaenogaster texana (Emery )
Pheidole bicarinata vinelandica (Forel)
Crematogaster cerasi (Fitch)
Monomorium minimum (Buckley )
Myrmecina americana Emery
Leptothorax curvispinosus Mayr
Leptothorax schaumi Roger
Smithistruma sp.

Dorymyrmex sp.

Camponotus americanus Mayr
Camponotus ferrugineus (Fabricius )
Camponotus nearticus Emery
Camponotus pennsylvanicus (DeGeer )
Camponotus subbarbatus Emery
Paratrechina parvula (Mayr)

W

1Osee
1055; W,
LOM EW:

IO

IO

fe)
10

136 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

Table 1. (Continued).

Species Exposure*
Prenolepis imparis (Say) IO, T, B
Formica sp. IO, B

Family Vespidae
Vespula maculifrons (Buysson ) MO), 1G Vay
Vespula maculata (Linnaeus ) 1KOyS ARS Wy

Family Pompilidae

Auplopus nigrellus ( Banks ) 10
Aporus niger (Cresson) IO, W
Psorthaspis mariae (Cresson ) IO

Family Sphecidae

Trypoxylon carinatus Say IO
Family Halictidae

Halictus sp. 10, T, W

Lasioglossum sp. IO, W
Family Apidae

Xylocopa virginica (Linnaeus ) TOR:

Bombus grisecollis (DeGeer ) alk

Bombus impatiens Cresson IO, T, W

Apis mellifera Linnaeus LO; Te WW

Phaeogenes, Temeluca, and Ischnus were represented at carrion. Their
normal hosts are Lepidoptera larvae; however, no observations on
these parasites were made.

Eulophidae—Tetrastichus was collected from tree pig remains.
Members of the subfamily Tetrastichinae develop as internal parasites
of the eggs, larvae, or pupae of other insects (Clausen, 1940). Host
records for this genus even include tineid larvae, the normal inhabi-
tants of tree pig remains. Two specimens of Dicladocerus were re-
covered from buried pigs. No information is available on possible
hosts but phorid or sphaerocerid larvae appear likely since they oc-
cupied this buried pig (Payne, King, and Beinhart, 1968 ).

Pteromalidae—Five species were collected from tree pigs. Spalangia
drosophilae Ashmead was reared from puparia of Drosophila sp. oc-
cupying tree carrion; however, it was not recovered from Drosophila
on carrion in other exposures. Hosts of Spalangia nigra Latreille were
not determined in this study. Pachycrepoideus dubius Ashmead is a
pupal parasite of various Diptera ( Nostvik, 1954). Phaenicia caerulei-
viridis (Macquart) and Piophila spp. were the dominant hosts on tree
carrion. It is somewhat surprising that Pachycrepoideus were not re-

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 S37

covered from carrion in the other exposures. Muscidifurax raptor
Girault and Sanders, a common parasite of blow flies, was only cap-
tured once during this study.

Cynipidae—Seven species of cynipids were collected from pig car-
rion; four of these were gall producers on oaks and their attraction to
carrion cannot be explained. Pseudeucoila sp. was reared from puparia
of Conioscinella hinkleyi (Malloch), a chloropid inhabiting tree pig
remains. Kleidotoma sp. and Ganaspis sp. were taken from buried
carrion; however their hosts are unknown. James (1928) has reared
Kleidotoma from Lucilia, Musca and Hydrotaea, all common carrion
maggots.

Figitidae—Two genera, Figites and Neralsia were reared from cal-
liphorid and sarcophagid puparia. These small parasites were attracted
to carrion during the early stages of decomposition when Phaenicia
and Sarcophaga larvae were the prevalent species. Exposed larvae were
normally parasitized; however, Figites would even enter the carcass in
search of prey. Neralsia were only observed parasitizing exposed larvae
of water carrion.

Evaniidae—The evaniids are all thought to be parasitic in the egg
capsules of cockroaches. Townes (1951) reported that our common
native species of Hyptia were presumed to be parasites of Parcoblatta.
Hyptia harpyoides Bradley was observed flying about dried pig car-
casses under which Parcoblatta spp. were usually found.

Pelecinidae—Only two specimens of Pelecinus polyturator (Drury )
were recorded during the entire study. They were crawling about the
moist carrion as if in search of food or host. It is assumed that Pelecinus
parasitizes the larvae of soil-inhabiting Scarabaeidae (Muesebeck and
Walkley, 1951).

Proctotrupidae—Cryptoserphus abruptus (Say) and Codrus sp. were
collected from insect-open carrion in active and advanced decay. No
observation on habits was noted. Clausen (1940) reported that a
number of species of this family are parasites of the larvae of various
Coleoptera and Diptera.

Diapriidae—The genera Aneurhynchus and Psilus were represented
at insect-open carrion and Trichopria at tree and buried carrion. These
small black insects are believed to be internal parasites of the immature
stages of Diptera (Clausen, 1940). Trichopria and Aneurhynchus have
been reared from carrion Diptera by Graham-Smith (1919) and Roberts
(1935). No observations on parasitization were made in this study.
These small wasps were seldom recovered probably due to their small
size.

Mutillidae—One species, Pseudomethoca simillima (Smith), was
observed as a rather frequent visitor to the carrion. Mutillids are gen-

138 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

erally accepted as being predaceous or parasitic on other Hymenoptera,
Coleoptera, and Diptera.

Formicidae—Ants fed actively during all stages of carrion decom-
position. They were observed carrying off maggots and eggs of other
insects in large quantities, and feeding on the carrion soups and scraps.
Ants were the principal and only observed omnivores for buried pigs.
Fuller (1934) believed that ants could not be considered regular car-
rion inhabitants of any influence since they were found on only a few
carcasses near nests. The authors, however, hold the opposite opinion,
since ants were found on all carcasses. Camponotus americanus Mayr
and Prenolepis imparis (Say) were the numerically dominant ant
species at the carrion; they were most active in early morning, late
afternoon, and into the night. Ants of several different species re-
mained even after the maggots had left, feeding on bits of carrion
scraps and dead insects.

Vespidae—Vespula maculifrons (Buysson) and Vespula maculata
(Linnaeus) were collected from inspect-open, tree, and water carcasses.
They were observed feeding on dipterous eggs, larvae, and even adults.
They also fed on the carcass especially when it was fresh or nearly so;
however, their role as predator was more important. Bromley (1931)
made an extensive study of hornet habits. He reported that yellow
jackets fed on all sorts of organic matter and were also predaccous.
Graham-Smith (1916) reported that blow flies, green-bottle flies, and
other flies attracted to carrion were often captured by the common
species of wasps. Davis (1919) observed Vespula maculata feeding on
a dead house sparrow and a water snake. Vespids and ants were op-
portunists and fed upon what was available in quantity and thus their
position as scavenger, predator, or omnivore changed with stage of
decay.

Pompilidae—Three species, Auplopus nigrellus (Banks), Aporus
niger (Cresson), and Psorthaspis mariae (Cresson) visited the car-
casses. Members of this family provision their nests with spiders. The
pompilids observed here could have been searching for spiders. Car-
casses in the dried condition harbored over 70 different spider species
(Payne, 1967).

Sphecidae—One species, Trypoxylon carinatus (Say) was collected.
Members of this genus also provisioned their nests with spiders (Krom-
bein, 1951). The carrion may have established a concentration of
spiders due to the presence of the many insects.

Halictidae—Halictids normally feed on pollen and nectar of flowers;
however, Lasioglossum sp. was collected from insect-open and water
pig carrion, apparently feeding on the fluids present. Six species of
Augochlora and Halictus were collected from dog carcasses in Ten-
nessee (Reed, 1958).

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 139

Apidae—Apis mellifera Linnaeus, Bombus grisecollis (DeGeer),
Bombus impatiens Cresson, and Xylocopa virginica (Linnaeus ), were
attracted to the carrion only while fluids were present. They were
observed sucking up the foul-smelling juices. Some of the odors of
putrefaction may have served to orient the bees to the carrion media.

DEscriPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES®
Aphaereta soronastes, n. sp.

This is distinguishable from other Aphaereta by the short ovipositor;
long, deep, crenulate notauli; anteromedian scutellar sulcus and rugose
propodeum with large apophyses.

DESCRIPTION. Holotype: female, length 2.5 mm. Second flagellar joint 1.2
times as long as first; flagellum 21-jointed; cheek strongly flared out at outer
margin of mandible socket.

Mesonotum polished; notauli deep, crenulate and extending 0.8 of distance to
posterior margin; a small oval median fovea just in front of prescutellar fovea; the
latter almost as large as scutellum; scutellum rectangular, about 1.5 times as wide
as long and bearing a shallow median anterior sulcus. Mesopleural furrow broad
and strongly rugose. Propodeum rugose, with large lateral apophyses and a strong
median longitudinal carina; costulae vaguely indicated among the rugae.

Ovipositor sheath about half as long as hind tibia.

Color black, the following parts suffused with ferrugineous: clypeus, mandibles,
upper quarter of face, basal flagellar joints, prothorax, notauli, scutellum and ad-
jacent areas, metanotum, tergite I, tergite II medially. The following parts yel-
lowish: scape, pedicel, labium, maxilla, tegula and wing bases, all legs and coxae.
Wings hyaline, veins and stigma brown.

Paratypes: females, flagellum with 21—24 joints, scutellum sometimes about as
wide as long, clypeus often brown, tergite Il sometimes black. Males: flagellum
with 18-23 joints, notauli black, tergite II usually completely suffused with fer-
rugineous, propodeal apophyses often inconspicuous.

TYPES. Holotype; 2, Clemson, South Carolina, 11 August 1966,
collected by Jerry A. Payne, reared from Fannia puparium found in
pig carrion. Canad. Nat. Coll. No. 11201. Paratypes; 4¢ ¢, 62 2°, same
data but dates between 28 June and 27 October (CNC and USS. Natl.
Mus. ).

Atractodes necrix n. sp.

This species is similar in size and general appearance to A. ameri-
canus Ashmead, which is also found about carrion in eastern North
America. However, A. necrix flies in spring and summer, has hairy
eyes and apical flagellar joints over 50% longer than wide. A. ameri-
canus flies in autumn, has glabrous eyes and apical flagellar joints
about as long as wide.

% The description of the following two species are written by the junior author.

140 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

DESCRIPTION. Holotype: female, length 6.5 mm. Flagellum 19-jointed,
first joint 3 times as long as wide, subterminal joints about 1.6 times as long as
wide and the same width as joint one. Eyes hairy. In dorsal aspect width of
head : length of head = 1.75; width across eyes : width across temples = 1.07;
width across eyes : width of frons = 2.0; length of eye : length of temple = 1.3.
In facial aspect width of face : length of face (from apex of clypeus to lower margin
of antennal sockets) = 1.25; eyes divergent below; clypeus shining and coarsely
punctate, the punctures separated by about half their widths.

Mesonotum and mesopleuron shining and moderately sparsely but finely punc-
tate. Combined petiolarea and areola transversely rugose peripherally, weakly
granular centrally; greatest width of area (at junction of apical transverse carina )
almost twice width at base or apex; length : greatest width = 2.0 +.

Tergite I about 21% times as long as its apical width; the latter about equal to
greatest width of petiolarea. Abdomen comparatively short and wide for the genus
depth (at tergite II or III) about 1% times width; length (excluding tergite
I) : length of tergite I = 3.0; length (excluding tergite I) : width at junction of
tergites IJ and III = 4.5. Lateral crease on tergite II less than 0.1 times length
of tergite. Tergites II and III with only a few short scattered hairs, but none near
lateral margins; tergites IV-IX with a submarginal row of long sparse hairs;
sternites II-VI with sparse scattered long hairs. Ovipositor sheaths together sub-
hemispherical and densely set with hairs that are about as long as the sheaths;
length of sheath : height = 1.0; height of sheath : height of cercus = 2.0.

Color black; the following parts reddish yellow: scape, pedicel, mouthparts,
apical half of clypeus, upper hind corner of pronotum, tegula, wing base, all legs
and coxae. Flagellum, veins and hind tarsi brown. Abdomen behind tergite I
red, but heavily infuscated above behind tergite IV. Wing membranes weakly
infumated.

Paratypes: females, flagellum with 18-19 joints, anterior end of combined areola
and petiolarea sometimes narrowed to less than one-third greatest width of area.

TYPES. Holotype: ?, Clemson, South Carolina, 28 July 1966, col-
lected by Jerry A. Payne from pig carrion. Canad. Nat. Coll. No. 11202.
Paratypes; 52 2, same locality and collector but dates 4-29 April and
taken on various kinds of carrion, pig, dog and chicken (CNC and
U.S. Natl. Mus.).

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Appreciation is extended to B. D. Burks, M. Ivanochko, K. V. Krombein, P. M.
Marsh, C. D. F. Miller, C. F. W. Muesebeck, O. Peck, D. R. Smith, M. R. Smith,
G. I. Stage, L. M. Walkley, L. H. Weld, and C. M. Yoshimoto for Hymenoptera
identifications.

REFERENCES

Bromley, S. W. 1931. Hornet habits. J. New York Ent. Soc. 39:123-9.

Clausen, C. P. 1940. Entomophagous Insects. McGraw-Hill, New York. 688 pp.

Davis, W. T. 1919. A remarkable note of Vespula maculata, with notes on
some other wasp’s nest. Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 14:118—23.

Fuller, M. E. 1934. The insect inhabitants of carrion, a study in animal
ecology. Austral. Council Sci. Indus. Res. Bull. 82:5-62.

Graham-Smith, G. S$. 1916. Observations on the habits and parasites of com-
mon flies. Parasitol. 8:440-546.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 141

1919. Further observations on the habits and parasites of com-
mon flies. Parasitol. 11:347-84.

James, H. C. 1928. On the life-histories and economic status of certain
cynipid parasites of dipterous larvae, with descriptions of some new larval forms.
Ann. App. Biol. 15:287-316.

Krombein, K. V. 1951. Subfamily Trypoxyloninae, p. 954-7. In C. F. W.
Muesebeck, et al., Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico. U.S. Dept. Agr.,
Agr. Monogr. 2, 1420 pp.

Muesebeck, C. F. W. and L. M. Walkley. 1951. Subfamily Microgasterinae,
p. 122-39 and Family Pelecinidae, p. 661-2. In C. F. W. Muesebeck, et al.,
Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico. U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monogr. 2,
1420 pp.

Myers, J. G. 1929. Further notes on Alysia manducator and other parasites
(Hym.) of muscoid flies. Bull. Ent. Res. 19:357-60.

Nostvik, E. 1954. Biological studies of Pachycrepoideus dubius Ashmead
(Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae), a pupal parasite of various Diptera. Oikos.
5:195-204.

Payne, J. A. 1965. A summer carrion study of the baby pig, Sus scrofa Lin-
naeus. Ecology 46:592-602.

1967. A comparative ecological study of pig carrion decomposition
and animal succession with special reference to the insects. Ph.D. Dissertation,
Clemson University, Clemson, S$. C. 128 pp.

and E. W. King. 1969. Lepidoptera associated with pig carrion.
J. Lep. Soc. 23:191-5.

, F. W. Mead, and E. W. King. 1968. Hemiptera associated with
pig carrion. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 61:565-7.

, E. W. King, and G. Beinhart. 1968. Arthropod succession and
decomposition of buried pigs. Nature 219:1180-1.

Reed, H. B. 1958. A study of dog carcass communities in Tennessee, with
special reference to the insects. Amer. Mid. Natur. 59:213—45.

Roberts, R. A. 1935. Some North American parasites of blowflies. J. Agr. Res.
50:479-94.

Townes, H. K. 1951. Family Evaniidae, p. 655-7. In C. F. W. Muesebeck,
et al., Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico. U.S. Dept. Agr. Monogr. 2,
1420 pp.

142 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

PLATYBASICORNIS RAMOSI, A NEW NEOTROPICAL GENUS AND
SPECIES
(HemiprerRA: Mrirmar: HyArropint)

J. MALponApo-CapriLes, Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico,
Mayaguez, Puerto Rico 00708

ABSTRACT—A new Hyaliodini mirid genus and species, Platybasicornis
ramosi, is described from Venezuela. This species is characterized by its long
foliaceous first antennal segment, pitted pronotum, reddish coloration, and _ rela-
tively narrow body.

Herein I describe a new genus and species of the tribe Hyaliodini
from Venezuela. This species can be easily identified by its reddish
coloration, foliaceous first antennal segment, and moderately elongate
body besides the hyaline condition typical of the tribe to which it
belongs.

I am grateful to Mrs. G. M. Black, British Museum (Natural History),
for comparing our specimens with the types of Pseudocarnus lineo-
latus Distant and P. magnus Distant and to Dr. Per Inge Persson, Natur-
historiska Riksmuseum, Stockholm, for the loan of the types of P. dila-
tatus Stal and P. fraudans Stal.

The types are deposited in the U. S. National Museum at Washington,
D.C. and paratypes in Dr. J. C. M. Carvalho’s and my collection. In
the measurements that follow 10 micrometer units correspond to 0.38
mm. Support for this study was made possible by National Science
Foundation grant GB-7382.

Platybasicornis, n. gen.

Type-species: Platybasicornis ramosi new species.

Deraeocorinae, Hyaliodini. First antennal segment flattened laterally, foliaceous,
long oval, longer than pronotum; last three segments cylindrical, slender; second
slightly longer than head and pronotum combined, slightly thicker than last two;
last two segments together slightly longer than first, the third longer than the
fourth; all segments covered with abundant fine moderately long pilosity. Head
rounded, slightly produced between antennal bases; medianly sulcate; with a
short neck, neck with a transverse carina. Eyes large, not produced laterally,
occupying most of the lateral sides of head, separated from collar by about one-
half length of eye; interocular space wider than width of eye (fig. 4); vertex
smooth. Beak slender, reaching between fore and mid legs. Legs slender; claws
spined near base. Pronotum with lateral margins slightly concave; about 114 times
as wide as long; tapering anteriorly; posterior margin above scutellum straight;
collar smooth, long and well defined, twice as long as thickness of second antennal
segment at base; calli well defined but not prominent, smooth; lateral margin not
keeled, rounded; disc clearly and sparsely pitted. Vertex, legs, pronotum, and
forewings with relatively abundant fine moderately long pilosity. Mesoscutum
short, about 4 9 length of scutellum; scutellum as long as wide, smooth, very

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 143

Fig. 1. Platybasicornis ramosi, n. gen., n. sp., 2, dorsal view.

slightly convex. Forewing hyaline; embolium flat, depressed, costal margin straight,
parallel-sided except basally, and with a row of fine punctures along embolio-
corial suture; a row of fine punctures along corio-claval suture; cuneus slightly
over 114 times as long as wide; membrane with two cells. Straw-colored and
ormmamented with reddish or reddish-brown.

Platybasicornis ramosi, n. sp.

Female: straw-colored, ornamented with reddish and reddish-brown. Head
reddish-yellow; eyes deep red; first antennal segment polished, red, last three

144 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

ie)

Figs. 2-4. Platybasicornis ramosi, n. gen., n. sp., 2: 2, first antennal segment,
lateral view; 3, same, dorsal view; 4, head and anterior part of thorax. Fig. 5.
Pseudocarnus magnus Distant, 2, head and thorax, dorsal view. Figs. 6-7. P.
dilatatus Stal, 9, first antennal segment: 6, dorsal view; 7, lateral view.

straw-colored; beak straw-colored, red at apex. Pronotum laterally and along
lateral margins reddish-brown; disc and area between calli brownish-yellow. Thorax
ventrally and legs yellowish. Scutellum shiny ivory-yellow. Forewing: clavus shiny
reddish-brown; corium shiny reddish-brown near basal angle and in an irregular
area near apical margin, other areas yellowish-hyaline; embolium hyaline, with a
pale straw-colored tinge; cuneus colored as embolium, inner margin narrowly red;
membrane with a pale fuscous tinge, veins slightly darker. Abdomen ventrally
reddish-brown. Recently molted specimens are mostly reddish ventrally.

Head, including neck, %4 as long as wide (15:20); width of eye 6, length 8;
interocular space 8; distance from caudal margin of eye to collar 4. Antennal seg-
ments: 27, 47, 18, 12; first segment foliaceous in lateral aspect, 8 units wide at
midlength and 2-3 units thick. Beak reaching almost to base of middle coxae.
Pronotum about 11% times as wide as long (37:23), clearly tapering to apex;
margins and pitting as for genus. Width across forewings 44. Overall length 4.6—
4.8 mm.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 145

Male: the only male at hand has the general coloration of the female but slightly
more brownish than reddish. Head of about same shape and size; interocular space
slightly narrower (7 vs 8); pronotum about same shape and size (36:23). Beak
slightly shorter, reaching to middle of mesosternum. Scutellum about as long as
wide (17:18). Overall length 4.5 mm. The genitalia were lost during dissection.

Holotype—male, from El Limon, Aragua, Venezuela, July 4, 1968;
J. Maldonado Capriles collector, on the leaves of Pachyra insignis or
“Castafion”; in the U.S.N.M., Cat. No. 71502. Allotype, female, same
data, in the U.S.N.M. Paratypes: three females in my collection and
one teneral male in Dr. Carvalho’s collection; all with same data as
types. One female in Carvalho’s collection, from Costa Rica, by Reven-
tazon River, 1927.

Platybasicornis is not particularly close to any of the genera in the
Hyaliodini. Because of its reddish coloration it has some resemblance
to the species of Pseudocarnus but these are wider, not as slender as
Platybasicornis. This new genus can be accommodated in Carvalho’s
key to the genera of the world, on page 24, by slightly modifying the
second part of couplet 2 and adding a new couplet as follows:

2. First and second antennal segments very wide, laminate or foliaceous

(fig, 58). (Central! and South America) 227 == Auchus Distant
First antennal segment cylindrical, incrassate or foliaceous and second
Cylindrical seem meatne sere eee BER A ee eee Qa.

2a. First antennal segment foliaceous; pronotum 114 times as wide as long,

abruptly tapering anteriorly; disc of clavus and corium not pitted;
reddish elongate species _......_... Platybasicornis, n. gen.

First antennal segment eeandeicaliec or TrnESEED or if foliaceous then

pronotum nearly twice as wide as long, not so tapered, and clavus and
cConummaistimetly .onivery. finely ‘pitted! 2084 6. 2 Weel ee ee ees

Modified this way, the second part of the new couplet will carry
Pseudocarnus lineolatus that has the first antennal segment foliaceous,
“as in your species” writes Mrs. G. M. Black. The other three species
in Pseudocarnus have the first antennal segment cylindrical, as in figs.
6 and 7 from P. dilatatus Stal. All the species of Pseudocarnus have
the pronotum about or slightly over twice as wide as long and lateral
margins straight or slightly convex as in fig. 5 from P. magnus Distant.
The clavus and corium is distinctly punctured in P. dilatatus and very
finely so in P. fraudans.

Etymology: the generic name describes the foliaceous first antennal
segment. I take great pleasure in dedicating the species to Dr. J. A.
Ramos, my first professor of entomology and a long time friend and
source of stimulus.

REFERENCE

Carvalho, J. C. M. 1955. Chaves para os géneros de Mirideos do Mundo
(Hemiptera). Bol. Mus. Paraense Emilio Goeldi 11(2):1-151.

146 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

LOCALIZATION, BEHAVIOR, AND SPACING OF UNPAIRED MALES
OF THE DAMSELFLY, ARGIA PLANA CALVERT’
(ODONATA: COENAGRIONIDAE )

GerorcE H. Bick? and Juanpa C. Bick, Saint Mary’s College, Notre Dame,
Indiana 46556

ABSTRACT—Localization, behavior, and spacing of Argia plana Calvert were
studied at a small creek in southern Oklahoma, and were compared with data on
Argia apicalis (Say), studied earlier at another habitat. Localization was deter-
mined by recording the particular 1 m sector occupied by individually marked
unpaired males on different days as well as on different hours of the same day,
spacing by recording the number of all males in each sector, and behavior by tape
recording all activity of individually marked males for 30 minute intervals. Day-
to-day (14%) and even hour-to-hour (10%) localization at the same 1 m sector
was very low. The most frequent (13/male/30 min.) aggressive event was non-
sexual flight, with neither contact nor flight maneuvers, toward conspecific males
(56%) or pairs (23%). A. plana and A. apicalis won 79% and 87% respectively
of their aggressive encounters, defended areas, and met other criteria for terri-
torial species, but both are considered intermediate among the Zygoptera in degree
of territoriality. Their territorial behavior places the successful males at advan-
tageous positions for seizing females as they fly to the aquatic habitat. A. apicalis,
spaced at 2 m intervals, is judged more successful than plana (1 m), because it
maintained a larger area with fewer aggressive events and thus less expenditure
of energy.

During the summer of 1964 at Cowan Creek in southern Oklahoma,
studies of 143 individually marked Argia plana Calvert males furnished
data for our papers on demography (1968) and reproduction (1971)
and for the present work on localization, behavior, and spacing. Count-
ing all individuals along a 144 m length of this 1-2 m wide creek pro-
vided demographic data but did not accurately show spacing because
most males were located among a dense growth of Nasturtium of-
ficinale at one part of the study area. Hence localization and spacing
were determined in the area of greatest density, a 10 m stretch sub-
divided with permanent stakes into 1 m sectors. Behavior was studied
by tape recording all activities of individually marked unpaired males
for 30 minute periods, using essentially the same terminology as in our
earlier studies of Enallagma civile (Hagen) (1963), Argia apicalis
(Say) (1965), and Lestes unguiculatus Hagen (1965).

We thank our friend and student, Mr. Steve Montgomery, for his
enthusiastic participation and particularly for his many hours of con-
stant observation.

‘Immediate publication secured by full payment of page charges.—Kditor.
’ Visiting Professor, University of Oklahoma Biological Station.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 147

Table 1. Daily and hourly localization of marked Argia plana males at each
1 m sector of a 10 m area during a 20-day period. Repeat visits were not neces-
sarily successive.

Daily Hourly
No. of és at least once in 10 m area 23 32
No. of és repeating in 10 m area 14 13
No. of és repeating in same | m sector 6 8
Possible repeat visits in 10 m area 88 1G
Repeat visits in 10 m area 32 25
Localization in 10 m area 36 % 21%
Repeat visits in 1 m sector 12 12
Localization in 1 m sector 14% 10%

LOCALIZATION

Most individually marked males did not occur persistently at any
particular site either from day-to-day or from hour-to-hour during the
same day. Localization was the exception rather than the rule.

Daily localization was studied near noon on each of 20 days (Table 1)
by recording the particular 1 m sector where each marked male was
found. One exceptional male was at the same 1 m sector on four
successive days, at another one on the following day, absent for one
day, and then present at the original sector for three successive days.
However, most males did not return to the staked area on successive
or even on non-successive days even though they were recovered else-
where along the 144 m stretch of creek. Males repeated somewhere in
the 10 m area at any time during the 20 days on only 36% of their days
at water and returned to a particular 1 m sector on only 14%.

Hourly localization (Table 1) was determined by recording the
marked males in each 1 m sector for seven successive hours on each
of two days and also at 1300 and 1400 hours on 20 days. Although
each of two exceptional males remained for three successive hours at
his 1 m sector, hourly localization was even less than daily. Males re-
mained within the 10 m area on but 21% of their possible hours and
within the same 1 m sector on only 10%. In general, males moved
about considerably at the aquatic habitat during the course of a par-
ticular day and even in the short space of one hour.

BEHAVIOR

The frequencies of all activities of 15 individually marked males
during 30 minute intervals are summarized in Table 2. Physical contact
or clashes did not occur. Flight toward and wing warning, performed
only when intruders approached, were definitely aggressive and in no

148 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

Table 2. Summary of twenty 30 minute activity records of 15 different un-
paired Argia plana males at water, June 9—-July 2.

Number of events Av. per individual
Flight toward 260 13.0
Wing warning 15 ate

Total 275 Pasion,
Flight no reason 330 16.5
Wing clapping 323 16.1
Grooming, feeding, comfort movements 144 7.2
Reaction to non-odonates 65 3.2

way sexual. The encounter was recorded as won if the intruder flew
off, shared if he perched within 0.5 m of the occupant, and lost if the
defender left his perch to the intruder. During flight toward, the male
flew, without circling, toward an intruder who was usually a con-
specific male. A wing warning individual lifted and spread each of
the four wings “in a manner suggestive of the ruffled feathers of a
cock before a clash” (Bick and Bick, 1963). Displays, essentially similar
to these wing warnings which we record for unpaired males of civile,
apicalis and unguiculatus as well as for plana, have been noted in
perched individuals of one or both sexes of many other species, and
Pajunen (1963) summarizes the occurrences of this threat display in
the Zygoptera. He states that, along with the wing spreading, a simul-
taneous upward and forward bending of the abdomen occurs. Our
observations of the above species differ in that the abdomen of a wing
warning male was never bent upward and forward even though it was
sometimes slightly elevated.

Flight no reason was a short straight flight out over water with
an immediate return usually to the same perch. Such a sortie was not
an advance to any other odonate, was not for feeding, and was not a
response to any stimulus which we could detect, hence our designation
of flight no reason. However, we consider that these flights functioned
in plana as in apicalis, i.e., as short patrols, important in maintaining
an area free of intruders.

With a very quick movement a wing clapping male slightly separated
right and left wings and then brought them together, usually one to
seven times. Throughout a clap, the meso- and metathoracic wings on
each side remained close together, whereas all four wings spread and
stayed apart until the end of a wing warning. Wing clapping, in the
absence of females, which we observed in Calopteryx maculata ( Beau-
vois) and filmed in C. aequabilis Say and which Robert (1958) de-
scribes for C. virgo Linnaeus, appears to be essentially a more elaborate

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 149

version of wing clapping in apicalis and plana. Because movements
which we consider basically similar to wing clapping are progressively
more pronounced proceeding from wnguiculatus and Archilestes grandis
(Rambur) having very little defense of territory, to apicalis and plana,
intermediate in territorial activity, to maculata with obvious defense of
territory, we think that clapping most likely functions as a territorial
display. However, in as much as it usually occurred after flight and
sometimes in the absence of nearby odonates, the possibility of a mere
comfort movement cannot be ruled out.

Grooming, feeding, and comfort movements are grouped in Table 2.
Feeding flights at the aquatic reproductive site were very infrequent,
averaging only 0.4 per male per 30 minute, and the prey, when recog-
nized, was always a chironomid. Because feeding was also very in-
frequent in civile and apicalis, it could hardly be a primary function
of the unpaired male’s behavior at the aquatic habitat. The only kind
of comfort movement, which occurred on horizontal perches, was a
“push-up’-like raising and lowering of the entire body, all of which
remained in the same plane. Grooming included eye cleaning, leg
cleaning, abdominal cleaning, and “abdominal bobbing.” A bobbing
male swung his entire abdomen dorsally, sometimes to an almost ver-
tical position, in a movement differing from the wing cleaning which
Moore (1960) figures for Pyrrhosoma nymphula (Sulzer). Bobbing
also differed from the activity which we often observed in maculata
and Hetaerina americana (Fabricius ) wherein only the last three ab-
dominal segments were dorsally elevated. In 1963 we stated that the
frequent bobbing in civile was a territorial declaration. After having
seen it away from water in males of many additional species, we now
hypothesize that bobbing functions primarily in grooming the wings.
Regardless of function, the action could hardly be significant to plana
because it was so rare.

At times a plana male ignored or shuffled slightly aside as a small
wasp or ant arrived at or crawled on the odonate’s perch. This is re-
corded in Table 2 simply as reaction to non-odonates.

Argia plana males averaged 13.7 aggressive actions per 30 minute
interval, nearly all of which were flights toward intruders (Table 2).
The number of these actions per male ranged from 0 to 38. This
variation was not the result of a high or low degree of individual ag-
gressiveness; male A performed 38 activities on one day, four on an-
other when population size was similar. Nor was the number of a
male’s aggressive actions directly related to total density at water on
any one day; male J performed 22, male E only nine on the same day.
Instead, as in apicalis, the number of aggressive events for any one
male depended primarily on the location of his perch in relation to

150 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

Table 3. A comparison of number of males at water, spacing, and _ salient
features of behavior in Argia apicalis and Argia plana.

A. apicalis at A. plana at
Looney Pond* Cowan Creek
Aggressive activity
Flight toward (av./ é /30 minute ) 5.2 13.0
Wing warning (av./ ¢/30 minute ) 0.8 0.7
Won (%) 87 79
Shared (% ) 10 19
Lost (%) 3 2
Toward conspecific males (% ) 26 56
Toward conspecific pairs (% ) 23 23
Flight no reason (av./ é /30 minute ) IPA, 16.5
Length of shoreline (m) KS 144
Av. no. unpaired @s at water (June 9-July 2) 38 34
Size of territory (mode in m) 9) 1

* Modified from Bick and Bick, 1965.

many small configurations of the shore and the resulting variation in
exposure to conspecific traffic.

Table 3 compares salient features of behavior, number of males at
water, and territory size of plana with that of apicalis. As expected,
the frequency of interspecific interactions was related directly to the
population sizes of the other species present. At the creek, where the
plana count was high and that of all other Zygoptera low, the majority
(56%) of the 275 plana interactions were with conspecific males. Quite
differently, at a pond which apicalis shared with a large civile popula-
tion, only 26% of the apicalis interactions were with conspecific males.

Twenty-three per cent of all interactions of plana males were with
conspecific pairs. When such a pair approached, the male usually
flew toward them, but contact was never made. Possibly the occupant,
recognizing the tandem situation, flew less intensely. Or perhaps he
first flew strongly, then recognized the tandem condition and returned
to his perch without further threat. In either event, half of the males’
flights toward pairs resulted in sharing the perch with them, whereas
85% of the flights toward intruding males were won.

Among all 275 interactions with intruders, the occupant male scarcely
ever (2%) lost encounters, even the few with the much larger ameri-
cana and Argia moesta (Hagen) males. A. plana won 79% of all inter-
actions, apicalis, 87% (Table 3). The chances of a male losing his
perch are greater when flying toward an intruder or patrolling an area
than when wing warning from a perch. Males of both species seldom
lost their perches, i.e., as occupants they apparently had an advantage,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 151

even though they seldom wing warned (Table 3) from their perches,
but instead momentarily vacated them during flights toward and flights
no reason.

SPACING

Spacing was studied by recording the number of males in each 1 m
sector on 13 days near noon. Sometimes (45 instances) a 1 m sector
was unoccupied, but most often (64) one male was present, less often
(20) two males, and only once were three males present. Although
unpaired males sometimes gave a superficial impression of crowding,
they usually were spaced rather regularly. At a particular moment
after some disturbance, there were momentary flights, but very quickly
thereafter the flying about ceased and the rather regular spacing was
resumed. The modal distance between plana males was 1 m, the mean,
1.2m. This spacing is comparable with Zahner’s (1960) average terri-
tory size (1.9 m) for virgo and with Pajunen’s (1966) data (10 males/
10 m) for low densities of the same species.

Although a plana male showed slight localization, a relatively un-
important point in determining whether or not a species is territorial
(Kormondy, 1961; Johnson, 1964), he successfully defended a 1 m
length of shoreline which by Noble’s (1939) traditional definition
would be considered a territory. Moreover, plana males met all criteria
for territoriality (spacing, fighting for territory, male superiority within
his territory, signals ) discussed by Kormondy (1961) even though wing
warning signals were rare. St. Quentin (1964) points out that terri-
toriality in Zygoptera varies from passive occupancy to complex flight
maneuvers. We consider that apicalis and plana are in an intermediate
position because their occupancy was not passive yet was without com-
plex flight maneuvers.

Although the average number of males at water was similar for both
species, an apicalis male defended twice as much shoreline as plana
yet performed only half as many aggressive actions (Table 3). Because
in both species, flight toward was the primary means of warding off
intruders, an apicalis male maintained a larger area probably as a re-
sult of the intensity, rather than the number or kind of action against
intruders.

The primary function of territorial activity of apicalis and plana
males is to provide the more successful ones with positions at water
where their possibilities for seizing females flying to the aquatic habitat
are greater. The amount of energy expended in securing and holding
territory should be considered significant when comparing the success
of populations or species. We judge apicalis more successful than plana
because the former not only maintained a larger area but also did this
with the expenditure of less energy, i.e., the use of fewer aggressive
activities.

152 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

REFERENCES

Bick, G. H. and J. C. Bick. 1963. Behavior and population structure of the
damselfly, Enallagma civile (Hagen) (Odonata: Coenagriidae). Southwestern
Nat. 8:57-84.

1965. Demography and behavior of the damselfly, Argia apicalis
(Say), (Odonata: Coenagriidae). Ecology 46:461-472.

1968. Demography of the damselfly, Argia plana Calvert
(Odonata: Coenagriidae). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 70:197-203.

1971. Substrate utilization during reproduction by Argia plana
Calvert and Argia moesta (Hagen) (Odonata: Coenagrionidae). Southwestern
Nat. (In Press).

and L. E. Hornuff. 1965. Behavior of the damselfly, Lestes
unguiculatus Hagen (Odonata: Lestidae). Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci. 75:110-115.

Johnson, C. 1964. The evolution of territoriality in the Odonata. Evolution
18:89-92.

Kormondy, E. J. 1961. Territoriality and dispersal in dragonflies (Odonata).
J. New York Ent. Soc. 69:42-52.

Moore, N. W. 1960. The behaviour of the adult dragonfly. In P. S. Corbet,
et al., Dragonflies. Collins, London.

Noble, G. K. 1939. The role of dominance in the life of birds. Auk 56:
263-273.

Pajunen, V. I. 1963. On the threat display of resting dragonflies (Odonata).
Ann. Ent. Fennici 29:236—-239.

1966. Aggressive behaviour and territoriality in a population of
Calopteryx virgo L. (Odon., Calopterygidae). Ann. Zool. Fennici 3:201-214.

Robert, P. A. 1958. Les Libellules (Odonates). Delachaux and_ Niestle,
Neuchatel. 364 p.

St. Quentin, D. 1964. Territorialitit bei Libellen, Ergebnisse und Ausblick.
Mitt. Miinchner Ent. Ges. 54:162—180.

Zahner, R. 1960. Uber die Bindung der Mitteleuropaischen Calopteryx Arten
(Odonata, Zygoptera) an den Lebensraum des stro6menden Wassers. II. Der
Anteil der Imagines an der Biotopbindung. Int. Revue Ges. Hydrobiol. 45:
101-123.

A NEW NAME FOR A SUBGENERIC HOMONYM IN EPHEMERELLA
(EPHEMEROPTERA: EPHEMERELLIDAE )

Edmunds proposed the subgeneric name Attenuatella for those species of
Ephemerella formerly referred to as the annenuata-group, with the type-species
attenuata McDonnough. Dr. Georges Demoulin (in letter) kindly has called my
attention to the fact that Stehli has used this name to designate a genus of Permian
brachiopods. The name had not yet appeared in Zoological Record when the
manuscript was submitted, and because of my narrow interests I had not read
the paper on fossil brachiopods.

Therefore, I propose Attenella, new name for Attenuatella Edmunds (1959, Ann.
Ent. Soc. Amer. 52:546) not Attenuatella Stehli (1954. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.
105:343. Brachiopoda: Spiriferidae). The name Attenella is formed by an ar-
bitrary combination of letters ——GrorcE F. EpMunps, Jr., Department of Biology,
University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 153

TWO NEW SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN NEOLASIOPTERA FROM
BACCHARIS
(DiprERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE—COMPOSITAE )

RAYMOND J. GAGNE, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture!

ABSTRACT—Two new North American species of Neolasioptera reared from
2 different kinds of galls on Baccharis halimifolia L. are described: N. lathami,
n. sp. from globular, soft, apical galls, and N. baecharicola, n. sp. from hard,
cylindrical, stem galls. These gall midges are potential candidates for introduc-
tion to Australia as possible biological controls of Baccharis.

Recently Brian W. Willson of the Alan Fletcher Research Station,
Queensland Department of Lands, Australia, sent to me for determina-
tion some specimens of a new species of Cecidomyiidae, described
here as Neolasioptera lathami, n. sp. which he reared in Florida while
collecting parasites of Baccharis for potential introduction to Australia
as biological control agents. This species forms soft, more or less
globular galls, ’ to 1 inch in diameter, on the upper stems of Baccharis
halimifolia L. and which in some cases stunt plant growth. There were
already several series of the same species from other States in the U.S.
National Museum, some of which had been collected in 1960 by F. D.
Bennett of The Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, West
Indian Station, Trinidad, for the same purpose as Willson, and, also,
a series of another very different species from Virginia, described here
as Neolasioptera baccharicola, n. sp. which is responsible for a hard,
woody, cylindrical gall at the base of B. halimifolia stems.

I have compared both new species to each other and to the other
12 Nearctic species of Neolasioptera that have been reared from stems
of Compositae. These are: albitarsis (Felt), ambrosiae Felt, erigerontis
(Felt), eupatorii (Felt), helianthi (Felt), perfoliata (Felt), ramuscula
(Beutenmiller ), rudbeckiae (Felt), tertia (Cockerell), trimera (Felt),
vernoniae ( Beutenmiller), and weldi (Felt). These species are better
known as a group than the remaining Neolasioptera species in that
both sexes are known for 10 of the 12 species and the larvae are
known for 8 species. None of the species listed above is from Baccharis,
but albitarsis and ramuscula are from Aster and erigerontis is from
Erigeron; both Aster and Erigeron belong to the same tribe as Bac-
charis, the Astereae. There are 3 Argentine species of Neolasioptera
that were reared from Baccharis spp. These are cordobensis Kieffer
and Jorgensen from Baccharis coridifolia D.C., interrupta K. and J.
from B. juncea (Lehm.) Desf., and ornaticornis K. and J. from B.

' Mail address: c/o U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560.

154 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

salicifolia Pers. They are possibly closely related to N. lathami, n. sp.
but more material must be reared from Baccharis in Argentina to be
sure. The original descriptions (Kieffer & Jorgensen, 1910) are very
sketchy and the type series cannot be located and are probably lost.

Neolasioptera lathami, n. sp.

(Figs. 1-6)

Adult. Wing length, 1.07-1.37 mm. Antenna: 11-12 flagellomeres in male,
13-17 in female. Palpus 3-4 segmented. Anepimeral setae, 10-24: anepisternal
scales, 15-35. Wing: length R; (from arculus) to length remainder of wing as
62:58 (avg. 10 specimens); costa dark scaled except for white scales at junction
of C and R;. Legs covered with dark scales, unbanded. Male abdomen: tergum
VI rectangular, very wide; tergum VII rectangular with several setae and scales
present caudolaterally; tergum VIII unsclerotized; sternum X slightly wider than
lobes of tergum X; genitalia as in fig. 4. Female abdomen (fig. 5): tergum VI
3 times as wide as long, rectangular, with double row of caudal setae and covered
with scales; tergum VII about as wide as long, scalloped laterally, with 3-4 caudal
rows of setae and the caudal 24 covered with scales; tergum VIII divided cephalad
for about 1% its length, more strongly sclerotized laterally than mesally; setulae
of distal % of ovipositor each with many short, straight prongs; dorsal lamella
(fig. 6) short, bulbous; ventral lamella about .40 length dorsal lamella.

Pupa. Head as in fig. 3. Frontoclypeal setae absent.

Larva (fig. 1). Sternal spatula bidentate (fig. 2). Anal segment with 3 pair
of papillae, subequal in length, ca. .010-.013 mm in length; dorsal and pleural
papillae of abdominal segment VIII ca. .018 mm in length; cuticle covered with
small, pointed verrucae, though those on pleurae may sometimes be rounded and
larger than elsewhere.

Material examined. Holotype, male, reared from globular stem gall
on Baccharis halimifolia, Yemassee, $.C., V-1960, F. D. Bennett, U.S.
National Museum Type No. 70949. Paratypes (all reared from same
kind of gall as holotype and from same host species and deposited in
the U.S.N.M. except as noted): Orient, N.Y., VII-10-1967, R. Latham,
2 larvae, 3 pupae; Yemassee, S.C., V-1960, F. D. Bennett, 4¢, larva, 3
pupal exuviae; Charleston, S.C., VIII-10-1953, V. J. Reid, 2, 4 larvae;
Brunswick, Ga., V-1962, F. D. Bennett, 2¢, 72 (6, 2 in British Mus.
(N.H.)); Lake Placid, Fla., along Hwy 70, VIII-12-1969, B. W. Willson,
83,32 (26, 22, in Alan Fletcher Res. Sta., Queensland, Aust.); Dade
Co., Fla., emerged IV-11-1969, #69-96A, C. E. Stegmaier, 2; Haines
City, Fla., V-1960, F. D. Bennett, 34; Bay St. Louis, Miss., I-26-1944,
5 larvae.

Remarks. N. lathami differs quite strongly from N. baccharicola, as
can be seen from comparing the accompanying illustrations of the 2
species. The larva of lathami differs from the other Nearctic Neo-
lasioptera considered here by the bidentate spatula and the short, broad
body. The others have a tridentate or quadridentate spatula and long

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 155

Figs. 1-6. Neolasioptera lathami, n. sp.: 1, outline of larva (ventral); 2, spatula;
3, pupal head (ventral); 4, male genitalia (dorsal); 5, female abdominal terga VI-
VIII; 6, lamellae of ovipositor (dorsal). Figs. 7-12. N. baccharicola, n. sp.: 7,
outline of larva (ventral); 8, spatula; 9, pupal head (ventral); 10, male genitalia
(dorsal); 11, female abdominal terga VI-VII; 12, lamellae of ovipositor (dorsal).

156 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

spindle shaped bodies. However, larvae of the 3 Argentine species
of Neolasioptera from Baccharis have bidentate spatulas.

The female of lathami has an incompletely divided tergum VIII and
resembles only rudbeckiae in this respect; N. weldi and N. trimera have
an undivided tergum VIII and all the others have it distinctly divided
to form 2 elongate tergites. Otherwise, the female is easily separable
from rudbeckiae by the number of flagellomeres: 13-17 in lathami and
21 in the latter, known from the female holotype only.

This species is named in honor of Mr. Roy Latham, now in his 90th
year, a veteran farmer and amateur naturalist from Orient Point, New
York.

Neolasioptera baccharicola, n. sp.

(Figs. 7-12)

Adult. Wing length, 1.36-1.63 mm. Antenna: 14-15 flagellomeres in male,
20-21 in female. Palpus 4 segmented. Anepimeral setae, 16-29, anepisternal scales,
45-75. Wing: length R; (from arculus) to length remainder of wing as 63: 82
(avg. 4 specimens ); costa dark scaled except for white scales at junction C and R:.
Legs covered with dark scales, probably unbanded. Male abdomen: terga VI-
VII rectangular, covered entirely with scales and each with complete row of
caudal setae; tergum VIII unsclerotized; sternum X narrower than lobes of tergum
X; genitalia as in fig. 10. Female abdomen (fig. 11): tergum VI about 2 times
as wide as long, with 3 more or less complete rows of setae caudally, and covered
with scales; tergum VII slightly longer than wide, scalloped cephalad, with several
rows of setae caudally, and caudal half covered with scales; tergum VIII com-
pletely divided to form 2 elongate sclerites; setulae of distal half of ovipositor each
with many short, straight prongs; dorsal lamella (fig. 12) long, rounded distally;
ventral lamella about .33 length dorsal lamella.

Pupa. Head as in fig. 9. Frontoclypeal setae absent.

Larva (fig. 7): Sternal spatula tridentate (fig. 8). Anal segment with 3 pair
of papillae, the outer pair about .026 mm in length, about twice the length of the 2
inner pair; dorsal and pleural papillae of abdominal segment VIII about .030 long;
cuticle covered with rounded verrucae.

Material examined. Holotype, male, reared from hard, cylindrical
stem gall on Baccharis halimifolia, Virginia Beach, Va., V-1960, F. D.
Bennett, U.S. National Museum Type No. 70950. Paratypes (same data
as holotype): 3¢, 32, 4 pupal exuviae, 10 larvae ( 6, 2, in British Mus.
(N.H.), remainder in U.S.N.M.).

Remarks. N. baccharicola is more closely related than N. lathami
to the other species of Neolasioptera considered here. Of the 8 other
species for which the larval stage is known, the following 6 resemble
N. baccharicola in the tridentate spatula with a strong lateral develop-
ment anteriorly: albitarsis, ambrosiae, eupatorii, perfoliata, ramuscula,
and weldi. The remainder have either a quadridentate spatula (eri-
gerontis) or a parallel-sided, tridentate spatula lacking the strong lateral
extensions (vernoniae). Of the 6 with a spatula similar to that of bac-

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 157

charicola, ambrosiae, eupatorii, and perfoliata resemble that species in
possessing 3 pair of terminal papillae instead of 4, but, unlike bacchari-
cola, in which the outer pair is about 2 times the length of the 2 inner
pair, the papillae are all subequal in length.

The female of baccharicola has a fully divided tergum VIII, as do
most of the other composite inhabiting Neolasioptera, but the width of
the 2 tergites at about midlength is about 4s that of the total length.
Only ambrosiae and erigerontis approach that narrowness, all the others
being more than % wide as long. Females of baccharicola can readily
be separated from those 2 species by the number of flagellomeres:
20-21 in baccharicola and 16-17 in either ambrosiae or erigerontis.

REFERENCE

Kieffer, J. J. and P. Jorgensen. 1910. Gallen und Gallentiere aus Argentinien.
Centr. Bakteriol. Parasitenk. und Infektionskr. 27:362—444.

SPILOCHROA GEMINATA SABROSKY A SYNONYM OF S. POLITA
(MALLOCH)
(Dierera: TRIXOSCELIDIDAE )

Spilochroa polita (Malloch, 1931, Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus. 78 [15]:30, Diastata)
was described from female specimens. The holotype is labeled “N. Mexico / air-
plane / P. Glick.” S. geminata Sabrosky (1961, Ent. News 72:233) was described
from Arizona and Sonora, Mexico, largely upon differences in the maculation of
the wing and with the statement that “no males of polita are available for com-
parisons of the male terminalia.”

Material referable to either polita or geminata has been received several times
from traps used in fruit fly surveys in the southwestern States, especially Arizona.
This material is so variable in wing markings that I have been suspicious of the
distinctness of S. geminata. Fortunately these flies have a fairly complex female
postabdomen. The abdomen of the holotype of S. polita was therefore macerated.
The sclerotization of the 7th segment consists in a complete ring, rather short dor-
sally and ventrally, but expanded laterally to twice the medial length and fur-
nished with a series of rather strong setae around almost the entire posterior
margin. The 8th sternum consists of 3 sclerites: a median, transversely lenticular
piece flanked on each side by a narrowly triangular piece turned apicomesad and
furnished with 2 rather strong and long apical setae. The 9th sternum is tri-
angular with bulging sides and is furnished with a pair of well separated apical
and a closely-set, somewhat heavier pair of subbasal, apically directed setae.

Females of the type series of S. geminata as well as those received from fruit-
fly traps in Arizona show postabdomens with the same characters as those of S.
polita. I am therefore, with Sabrosky’s concurrence, considering that the 2 species
are synonymous.—GEORGE C. STEYSKAL, Systematic Entomology Laboratory,
Agricultural Research Service, U. §. Department of Agriculture, c/o U. S. National
Museum, Washington, D. C. 20560.

158 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

THE GNATHOSOMA OF CHEYLETUS CACAHUAMILPENSIS BAKER
( ACARINA: CHEYLETIDAE )

Francis M. Summers and Rosert L. Wirr, Department of Entomology,
University of California, Davis, California 95616

ABSTRACT—The gnathosoma of Cheyletus cacahuamilpensis Baker emphasizes
the adductor and flexor functions of the movable segments of its thickset pedipalps.
The right and left basal segments of the chelicerae are completely fused together
to form a stylophore, and this in turn is integral with the fused coxal segments
of the pedipalps. The piercing thrust of the axial mouthparts is ascribable only
to protractile movements of one or both cheliceral stylets. The skeletal parts,
major muscles and other soft organs of the gnathosoma of females are described
and illustrated from stained serial sections.

The axial mouthparts of cheyletids are peculiar because portions of
the first two postoral appendages—chelicerae and pedipalps—fuse
together to form a rigid beak. A study of the anatomy of the gnatho-
soma made by T. E. Hughes (1958) showed that the fusion of right
and left chelicerae includes the whole of these appendages except for
the movable digits or stylets. His transverse sections of the gnathosoma
of Cheyletus eruditus (Schr.) revealed that the cheliceral stylophore
and the underlying parts of the pedipalps are also ankylosed, or not
movably articulated, at least to the level of the pivotal sclerites (here-
after called the fulcra) of the stylets.

We believe that the surface skeleton which covers the capitulum
between the arms of the peritremes is the dorsalmost wall of the joined
chelicerae rather than a tectum or overlying fold of integument united
with high basal angles of the pedipalp coxae (Snodgrass, 1948). Peri-
tremes are carried on the shafts of separate chelicerae in the Crypto-
gnathidae (Summers and Chaudhri, 1965) and are inlaid into the dor-
sal cuticle of the chelicerae when right and left members coalesce to
form a stylophore in the Caligonellidae (Summers and Schlinger, 1955).
Extensions of the internal tracheae curve upward and ascend to the
dorsal surface of the stylophore through its median septum (Grandjean,
1946; T. E. Hughes, 1958). The vertical extensions of the tracheae
are continuous with the arms of the peritremes. Although peritremes
may emerge in various locations along the median septum of the stylo-
phore, the origin of peritremes close behind the fulcra of the stylets
in the caligonellid Coptocheles very nearly duplicates the capitular
organization of the cheyletids.

Summers and Price (1970) referred to the posterodorsal part of the
stylophore bordered by the peritremes as the tegmen. That part of the
stylophore which lies in front of the peritremes and which ensheaths
and supports the stylets was called the protegmen. The conformation

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 159

of the protegmen sometimes is distinctive for cheyletid genera or
species.

The rostrum is a fleshy, spoon-shaped forward projection of the basis
capituli and is thought to have been derived from paired endites of
pedipalpal coxae (T. E. Hughes, 1959). This projection of the basis
is coextensive with the retracted cheliceral stylets and, in most cheyle-
tids, appears to project from beneath the anterior lobe or lobes of the
stylophore. The front end of the stylophore seems to be drawn to a
pointed apical process which may represent fixed cheliceral digits.
The apical process merges with the upper face of the rostrum or is
pressed into its median gutter. When cheyletids are dorsoventrally
flattened onto slides, the nature of the union or articulation between
protegmen and rostrum cannot be discerned. The intent of this study
was to seek additional information about the skeletal elements of the
gnathosoma of Cheyletus females and to describe some of its internal
anatomy from sectioned material. Although four species of Cheyletus
are being reared in the authors’ laboratory, the species C. cacahuamil-
pensis Baker was chosen for this study because its gnathosomal skeleton
is somewhat thicker and possibly more apt to show articulations than
the other, more transparent species.

TECHNIQUES

The organization of the skeleton muscles and foregut is best revealed
in microtome sections cut in each of the principal body planes. The
chief handicap thus far has been rather poor fixation; we have not been
able to preserve the soft tissues well enough to comprehend the his-
tology of the mite even though its gross anatomy is reasonably revealed
in the stained preparations. Fixatives tried were: aqueous Bouin’s,
alcoholic Bouin’s, Gilson’s, Zenker’s, FAA, Carnoy’s, Carnoy-Lebrun,
and Flemming’s chromoaceto-osmic acid (strong formula ); one or more
of these has been tried under reduced pressure, hot vs. cold, and me-
chanically aspirated into ruptured specimens. The most useful prepara-
tions were obtained with Carnoy-Lebrun’s at room temperature. Sec-
tions were stained with Delafield’s haemotoxylin and eosin.

SKELETON
In the anteriormost cross sections which we have obtained (fig. 1),
the food canal appears to be closed above and party occluded by a
sclerotic bar which Hughes has interpreted to be labrum. The food
canal flattens near the stylet fulera and communicates with the lumen
of the pharyngeal pump, above the plunger. A thin-walled, tubular
oesophagus (figs. 7, 12) proceeds rearward from the floor of the pump.
Parasagittal and sequential cross sections show that the union of
chelicerae and coxal parts of the pedipalps is complete. The fulcra of

160 PROG. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

the stylets are anchored within the fleshy part of the protegmen. Their
shafts lie beside the food tube, in a pair of enclosed channels. Mem-
branous sheaths which invest the stylet shafts immediately distal to the
fulcra (fig. 6) are continuous with the walls of these channels (fig. 2).
There are no identifiable fixed digits; the forward extensions of the
protegmen merge with the rostrum, but the mergence is a true union,
not a slip fit or apposition, as supposed by Summers and Price (1970).
According to Hughes (1959) the rostrum or pedipalpal part of the
beak of Cheyletus eruditus projects slightly beyond the extremity of
the stylophore and is an open trough within which the tips of the re-
tracted stylets lie side by side. In C. cacahuamilpensis, we have not
been able to determine how much of the rostrum is uncovered.

The line of fusion between stylophore and pedipalpal coxae is marked
by a horizontal septum and external sutures at the sides of the tegmen
(fig. 10). There is a vestige of a vertical septum between the chelicerae
where the two body tracheae converge and ascend to the dorsal sur-
face (fig. 8). Vertical and horizontal septa are continuous at this
location. Behind this point, the horizontal septum divides into a pair
of plate-like apodemes (figs. 5, 10). Their mesal edges do not appear
to be interconnected, and the haemocoelic sinuses of the stylophore
and pedipalps are continuous. The recognition of cheliceral and pedi-
palpal components in the narrowing beak, anterior to the pharyngeal
pump, is uncertain. We think that the pedipalpal extensions (i.e.,
endites) form the sidewalls of the stylet channels and the upfolded
horizontal septa separate the latter from the haemocoelic sinuses of
the pedipalps (fig. 2).

TRACHEAE AND DvuCTS

Two principal tracheal trunks connect with the peritremes via two
juxtaposed vertical trunks in the median cheliceral septum. The cham-
bered organization of the external peritremes also prevails in the ver-
tical trunks (fig. 8) and in the roots of the principal tracheae as far
back as the first lateral branching (fig. 5). The roots of the tracheae
are embedded in the margins of the two horizontal septa. Each tracheal
trunk sends a branch forward into the cheliceral sinus. Behind this

>

Fig. 1: Cross section near tip of beak. The tiny paired sinuses (chel. sin.) in
the skeleton which covers the stylet channels are extensions of the general haemo-
coele of the stylophore. Fig. 2: Section 10 microns behind the first cut. The
wedge-shaped slot below the food canal is continuous with the wide lumen of
the pharyngeal pump. Fig. 3: Frontal section through the stylophore which
shows several fibers of the stylet protractor muscles and their insertions on the
fulcra. Fig. 4: Horizontal section through pharyngeal pump showing apodemes
of the pharyngeal dilator muscles. Fig. 5: Dorsal aspect of axial part of gnatho-
soma illustrated from a cleared whole mount (Hoyer’s). Plate-like apodemes of
the divided horizontal septum are illustrated as textured sheets.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 161

CHEL. SIN.

STYLET
FOOD CANAL

i

STYL. CHAN.
PALP SIN.
FOOD CANAL

HORIZ. SEPT.

STYE.

FULCRUM

l
ee ANAL

CARINA GZ

162 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

furcation the trachea separates from the septa and follows a sinuous
course rearward.

The significance of chambers in the peritremes is not obvious; pre-
sumably the segmentation does not have to do with pulsatile or tele-
scoping motions since both external and internal chambered parts are
embedded in rigid skeleton. Available evidence indicates that the peri-
tremes of this species are possibly open gutters, not covered by a thin
cuticular membrane as reported for C. eruditus by Hughes (1958) and
having minute stigmata at several points (Newstead and Duval, 1918).
Our best prepared sections show the peritremes to be open grooves
(fig. 8) containing darkly pigmented trabecular folds on the internal
walls. Also a specimen was lyophilized, shadowed with gold and ex-
amined under a scanning microscope at 20,000 diameters. A membran-
ous closure could not be demonstrated. Of course, this evidence does
not preclude a possibility that ordinary histological preservatives and
freeze-drying create distortional forces which may draw apart the thin
outer lips of the peritremes, thus ripping any outer cuticular membrane.
We are greatly indebted to Mssrs. Robert Schuster and Marvin Kinsey,
of this department, for their services in this special microscopy.

A tubular gland consisting of about three tightly appressed convolu-
tions lies below the caeca of the ventriculus and above the muscles of
coxae I-III on each side. This pair of glands corresponds in position
to the tubular silk glands identified in Tetranychus by Blauvelt (1945).
The epithelium of each gland transforms into a slender ductule in the
vicinity of coxa I; this is the podocephalic canal (Grandjean, 1938 )
which, in Cheyletus, is fairly difficult to see in whole mounts. Each
ductule traces anteriorly, over the musculature of the pedipalp and
onto the horizontal apodemes beneath the stylophore. Each ductule
receives a prominent median branch then passes forward between the
stylets (fig. 7) and probably enters the pharyngeal food channel a
short distance in front of the pump mechanism.

An extensive gland-like mass lies above the compound nerve ganglion
and has several pairs of lobules projecting into the gnathosoma. Its
histology is poorly understood and its function is unknown. We think
that this mass has a pair of sleeve-like, collapsible ducts which come
together above and behind the pharyngeal pump. There is, however,
no certainty that the sleeve-like tubes actually connect with the fore-
gut. Another unresolved detail is the origin of the mesal ductules
which join with the podocephalic canal where the latter enters the
gnathosoma.

~~

Figs. 6-10: Series of cross sections of different specimens to show relations of
septa, stylets, peritremes, pharyngeal pump and musculature of the mouthparts.

PROG. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 163

STYL. SHEATH
FOOD CANAL

PH. PMP.

PALP SIN.

DUCT
HORIZ. SEPT.

Hah ——<$<=——-

, MED. VERT. SEPT. y),
/ ME XG See

HORIZ. SEPT.

EXT Siva:

—PERITR.

, EXT. STYLE.

TRACH.

SUTURE

HORIZ. SEPT.

ABD. TROCH.

“3——— ADD. TROCH.

7s

164 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

MUSCULATURE

The structures here referred to as “muscle fibers” are thought to be
single, large fibers in the histological sense. The fibers are not orga-
nized into a compact body or belly in some of the musculature. Other
structures called “muscles” or “slips” may be single, large fibers,
branched fibers or aggregates of these.

LrvatTor-RETRACTORS OF THE GNATHOSOMA (lev. gn.). Two or three
pairs of large muscle fibers originate near the posterior margin of the
propodosomal plate and insert on the sides of the posterodorsal rim of
the stylophore (fig. 12). These fibers flank the anterior cornua of the
midgut. Their origins are revealed as several pairs of cancellate areas
on the propodosomal plate near its dorsal midline.

DervpressoR-RETRACTORS OF THE GNATHOSOMA. Two pairs of mod-
erately robust muscle fibers originate near the mid-region of the pro-
podosomal plate and pass downward and forward to insert on the
posteroventral rim of the basis capituli. These fibers pass close beside
the lateral faces of the levator fibers.

Protractors of the gnathosoma were not identified. Turgor due to
body compression may apply the counterforce.

PROTRACTORS OF THE STYLETS (pro. styl.). A cluster of fibers (fig. 3)
originate on a broad area of the posterior one-third of the stylophore.
The cancellate marks where the fibers attach to the surface skeleton
make up the characteristic ornamentation of the tegmen. The fibers
of one side overlie the horizontal septum of the corresponding side but
none of them appear to attach to it. Retractors of the stylets—if any—
were not demonstrated. The protractors are labeled ext. styl. in figs.
8-10.

Ditators OF THE PHARYNGEAL Pump. Two sets of muscle fibers
operate the suctorial apparatus.

External dilators (ext. dil. ph.) comprise a pair of fiber bundles.
The fibers in these bundles originate on the inferior and lateral surface
of each wing of the horizontal septum. Five or more fibers per side
attach one behind another to the septa quite far behind the pharyngeal
pump (fig. 12). The anterior ends of these fibers fasten somewhat fan-
wise to an elongate apodeme. The apodemes of each side join almost
at the point of insertion in the concavity of the piston-like pharyngeal
wall (fig. 4).

Internal dilators (int. dil. ph.) are similarly constituted. A bundle

—

Fig. 11: Frontal section of basis capitulum cut through keel of rostrum and
deep-lying nerve ganglion. This section shows the insertions of heavy muscles on
the palp trochanter. Fig. 12: Parasagittal section selected to best reveal the
arrangement of external dilator muscles of the pharyngeal pump. Lobes of gland-
like mass (not labeled in fig. 12) occupy interstices between muscles and anterior
limb of midgut (filled with crystalline matter ).

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 165

TIB. FLX. TAR. —

GEN. FLX. TAR. —

EXT. TIB.

FUXenBe

FLX.GEN.

[ae ADDS TROCHE

‘| ___ 4 BD. TROCH,

— GLAND

CAECUM
— GANGLION

BROS Sipyviee

PERITR.
ea HORIZ. SEPT.

STYL. DUCT

INT, DIL.PH. ~
EXT. DIL. PH.
OES.

ADD. TROCH.

166 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

of five to eight fibers is implanted on the inferior surface of each wing
of the horizontal septum. The fibers on the opposite sides of the mid-
line lie somewhat mesad and dorsad of the external dilator fibers.
Those of each side converge and tie to a single median apodeme. This
median apodeme and the Y-shaped apodemes of the external dilators
seem to have a common insertion at the center of the pump plunger
(fig. 4).

Cross sections cut close to the posterior end of the gnathosoma show
numerous fibers of both pairs of dilator muscles (fig. 10). However,
sections cut farther forward show few fibers (fig. 9). The reduction
may occur because some of the fibers anastomose or attach to thin
apodemes not readily discernible in cross sections.

The ventral seam of the basis capituli is the suture of the median
vertical septum (carina) on which arise the mite’s most robust muscles.
The median septum incompletely partitions the basis (fig. 10). It is
confluent with the thickened hindmost rim of the gnathosoma and
continues forward to the rostral base.

ADDUCTOR OF THE PALP TROCHANTER (add. troch.). This muscle has
a long, robust body. Its principal component arises on the median sep-
tum near the posterior, ventral lip of the gnathosomal skeleton (fig. 11).
It has at least five other slips which originate at equally space inter-
vals along the full length of the carina. Each slip angles upward and
forward and then merges into the body of the whole. The muscle
narrows abruptly to a short apodeme which inserts on the mesal rim
of the palp trochanter. Although it inserts on the trochanter, the
principal action of this muscle appears to be adduction of the entire
pedipalp.

ABDUCTOR OF THE PALP TROCHANTER (abd. troch.). The single slip
of this muscle arises on or near the posterior base of the carina. It
passes laterad to insert on the inner rim of the trochanter, approxi-
mately in the same horizontal plane as its antagonist. Its function can
be deduced from the illustration (fig. 11).

Appuctors OF THE PALp Femur. The ventralmost muscles in the
basis capituli are adductors of the palp femora. The two muscles of
‘ach side arise on ventrolateral cheek of the basis capituli and appear
to have only one point of insertion, on the mesal rim of the femur,
somewhat beneath the adductor of the trochanter. The larger, lateral
slip originates on the bulged cheek of the basis. Another, somewhat
smaller slip originates some distance behind the first. There may be a
very slender third slip which originates on the carina and which lies
parallel with the belly of the trochanter adductor. This femoral muscle
and the overlying adductor of the trochanter are probably synergists.
We have not identified a corresponding antagonist.

FLEXOR OF THE GENU (flx. gen.). A slender, tapered muscle which

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 167

anchors in the outer, proximal end of the femur (fig. 11). This portion
of the femur telescopes into the palp trochanter when the appendage
abducts. The muscle passes diagonally through the cavity of the femur
to insert on a thread-like apodeme on the mesal side of the short,
annular genu. Its action tucks the inner flange of the genu into the
femur.

FLEXOR OF THE TrBIA (flx. tib.). One stout head originates on the
posterolateral face of the femur (fig. 11). Its myofibrils (or tonofibrils)
are splayed out to create the largest of the cancellate areas noticeable
on the elbowed part of the femur. A second, smaller head arises in
the ventrolateral area of the femur. Both slips pass anteriorly across
the femur and insert on the tibia below the tibiotarsal articulation.
The two slips are believed to insert on the same apodeme.

EXTENSOR OF THE TiprA (ext. tib.). This extensor comprises a single
slip which arises in the lateral skeleton of the femur, somewhat distal
to the larger tibial flexor (fig. 11). The insertion is in the outer base
of the tibia. Its body lies below the tarsal flexors.

GENUAL FLEXOR OF THE Tarsus (gen. flx. tar.). Since the genu is
scarcely more than a short sclerotic ring, this muscle lies almost in a
transverse plane, passing from the outer face of the genua to the mesal
rim of the tarsus (fig. 11).

TrBIAL FLEXoR OF THE Tarsus (tib. flx. tar.). A short slip of muscle
which traverses the tibial segment. Separate insertions for this muscle
and the genual flexor of the tarsus are not distinguishable.

The gnathosomal musculature of Cheyletus greatly exaggerates the
adductor-flexor motions of the pedipalps. We have succeeded in iden-
tifying only two small muscles to counteract the pincer movements.

REFERENCES

Blauvelt, William E. 1945. The internal morphology of the common red spider
mite ( Tetranychus telarius Linn.). Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta., Mem. 270: 1-34.
Grandjean, Francois. 1938. Observations sur les Bdelles. Ann. Soc. Ent. France
107: 1-24.
1946. Au subjet de lorgane de Claparéde. Arch. d. Sci. physiques
et naturelles 28(5):63-87.
Hughes, T. E. 1958. The respiratory system of the mite Cheyletus eruditus
(Schrank, 1781). Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 130(2):231-239.
1959. Mites, or the Acari. Univ. London, Athlone Press, 225 pp.
Newstead, R. and H. M. Duval. 1918. Bionomic, morphological, and economic
report on the acarids of stored grain flour. Roy. Soc. Rep. Grainpests (War )
Committee 2, London.
Snodgrass, R. E. 1948. The feeding organs of Arachnida, including mites and
ticks. Smithsonian Misc. Coll. 110, No. 10, 93 pp.
Summers, Francis M. and Evert I. Schlinger. 1955. Mites of the family
Caligonellidae (Acarina). Hilgardia 23(12):539-552.

168 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

and W. M. Chaudhri. 1965. New species of the genus Crypto-
gnathus Kramer (Acarina: Cryptognathidae). Hilgardia 36(7):313-326.

and Douglas W. Price. 1970. Review of the mite family Cheyleti-
dae. Univ. Calif. Publ. Ent. 61:1-153.

RECORDS OF APHIDS COLLECTED IN NEWFOUNDLAND
(HoMopTERA: APHIDIDAE )

Mortimer D. Leonarp, 2480 16th Street, Washington, D. C. 20009

ABSTRACT—Records are given for 17 species of aphids collected on about
20 plants in Newfoundland, Canada by Dr. Charles P. Alexander.

In the Spring of 1961 between 11 June and 23 July, Dr. Charles P.
Alexander of Amherst, Massachusetts made 36 collections of aphids
in Newfoundland, Canada. These collections represented 17 species
specifically determined and two only to genus on about 20 plants. The
material was all sent in alcohol to Dr. M. E. MacGillivray, Research
Station, Canada Department of Agriculture, Fredericton, New Bruns-
wick, who kindly made the slides and determinations. Representative
slides are in the Cornell University Collection. Dr. MacGillivray com-
mented that all of these species collected in Newfoundland have been
collected in the Maratime Provinces. It is felt that these records should
be made available to others.

Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris). Junction Pond 16.VII on Trifolium repens.

Amphorophora ampullata Buckton (=A. laingi Mason). Malignant Cove and
Junction Pond 14.VII on Prenanthes alba.

Aphis corniella Hille Ris Lambers. Aspen Brook 17.VII (det with query ), Chapel
Arm 2.VIL on Cornus amomum, South Brook 14.VI on C. stolonifera (det with
query ).

Aphis farinosa Gmelin. Aspen Brook Camp 18.VII on Salix sp.

Boernerina variabilis Richards. Colinet 25.VI on Alnus rugosa.

Catamergus purpurascens (Oestlund) formerly in Kakimia. Embree 16.VI on
Thalictrum polygonum (M. E. Smith coll.).

Cinara abieticola (Cholodkovsky ). Bonne Bay 12.VI on Picea mariana, Chapel
Arm 2.VII on Abies balsamea and The Cataracts 25.VI.

Cinara braggi Gillette. Bonne Bay 11.VI and Aspen Brook Camp 18.VII on
Picea rubra.

Cinara canatra Hottes & Bradley. Birch Lake 13.VI on Picea mariana.

Cinara laricifex (Fitch) originally in Lachnus. Buchans 19.VI on Larix laricina.

Dactynotus sp. (only immatures). Cochrane Point 30.VI on Solidago hispida.

Euceraphis sp. Gander 17.VI on Alnus rugosa and Indian River 23.VII on Alnus
incana.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 169

Euceraphis gillettei Davidson. Gander 17.VI on Betula alba papyrifera and
Myrica gale.

Euceraphis punctipennis Zetterstedt (formerly det as E. betulae). Chapel Arm
2.VI on Betula alba pendulifera and Junction Pond 11.VII on B. a. papyrifera.

Macrosiphoniella millefolii (DeGeer). Buchans 17.VI on Achillea millefolium.

Macrosiphum near tenuitarsis Gillette & Palmer. Brigus Junction 1.VII and
19.VII Buchans on Aster novae-belgii.

Mindarus abietinus Koch. Chapel Arm 2.VII on Pyrus americana (? accidental )
and on Betula alba pendulifera.

Neonasonovia nabali (Oestlund ). (new comb. MacGillivray ). Aspen Brook Camp
18.VII on Prenanthes Palba.

Pterocallis alnifoliae (Fitch) formerly in Myzocallis. Lethbridge 3.VII on Alnus
rugosa (CPA coll.) and MMA coll. on Abies balsamea.

TAXONOMIC NOTES ON TWO RACEMICOLOUS GALL-MAKERS ON

SOLIDAGO SPP.
(DipreRA: CECIDOMyIDAE—COMPOSITAE )

Osten Sacken (1862, Smith. Misc. Coll. 6(1[=pub.141]): 196) described
Cecidomyia racemicola from galls and larvae found among the racemes of an un-
identified Solidago from Washington, D. C. The galls are green, ca. 2.5 mm in
diameter, and rounded except for the tapered apex. Later, Felt (1907, New
Species of Cecidomyiidae, Albany, N. Y., p. 24, & N. Y. State Mus. Bull. 110:120)
described another species, Rhopalomyia racemicola, from adults reared from the
same kind of gall on Solidago canadensis from Asheville, N. C. Beutenmiiller (1907,
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. Bull. 23:393, pl. 17, figs. 14-15) illustrated the gall and
larval spatula of Cecidomyia racemicola from N. Y. and N. C., and pointed out
that Osten Sacken’s and Felt’s species were probably synonymous. Thereafter,
the 2 species were treated as synonyms in the genus Rhopalomyia.

Recently, Dr. Rodney Dodge showed me some typical racemicolous galls from
Solidago stricta found near his residence in Bradenton, Florida. Orange-red
larvae were crawling on the inside of the vial containing the galls, almost all of
which had a tiny round hole in the side. This was uncommon behavior for a
Rhopalomyia because the generally whitish larvae usually pupate within the galls.
Upon closer inspecition, the Florida larvae proved to belong to Schizomyia. They
agreed with Beutenmiiller’s (ibid) description and with his observation that the
larvae left the galls to pupate. In Osten Sacken’s type galls, presently on loan
to the U. S. National Museum from the Museum of Comparative Zoology in
Cambridge, Mass. were some dried larvae which also proved to be Schizomyia.
Thus there are 2 species associated with the same type of gall: Cecidomyia
racemicola Osten Sacken, here transferred to Schizomyia (n. comb.) and known
from larvae only, and Rhopalomyia racemicola Felt, known from adults only. I am
designating as lectotype of S. racemicola (O.S.) a larva found protruding from
one of the type galls. It will be deposited in the MCZ—RayMonp J. Gacng,
Systematic Entomolgy Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Depart-
ment of Agriculture, c/o U. 8. National Museum, Washington, D. C. 20560.

170 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

CERATOCULICOIDES, A NEW GENUS RELATED TO CERATOPOGON
MEIGEN
(DipTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE )

Wituis W. Wirt, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research
Service, U. 8. Department of Agriculture’

and

NipHAN CHANTHAWANICH RATANAWORABHAN, Migratory Animal Pathological
Survey, Applied Scientific Research Corporation, Bangkok, Thailand

ABSTRACT—Ceratoculicoides, n. gen. is proposed for Helea longipennis
Wirth, type-species, from northern and eastern North America, Helea virginianus
Wirth from eastern U.S.A., blantoni, n. sp. from Maryland and Virginia, and
Ceratopogon gracilipes Remm from Estonia.

A small group of Ceratopogon species are set apart from others in
the genus by a number of very distinct characters. Wirth (1952) com-
mented on these in his description of Helea longipennis Wirth and later
Wirth (1965) and Remm (1967) assigned the three known species to
the subgenus Nilohelea Kieffer, using the interpretation of the latter
suggested by Macfie (1940).

An examination of the original description of Nilohelea Kieffer (1921)
and the type species Nilohelea albipennis Kieffer from the Sudan, in-
dicates that Nilohelea should more properly be included in the syn-
onymy of the subgenus Isohelea Kieffer. Kieffer’s figure of the male
genitalia of N. albipennis shows a characteristically sickle-shaped and
distally narrowed dististyle quite unlike any found in the species re-
viewed here, but strikingly similar to that described for Ceratopogon
(Isohelea) sahariensis Clastrier (1961) from Mouydir, Algeria, in the
Central Sahara.

We therefore take this opportunity to propose a new genus for the
three known species erroneously assigned to Nilohelea, and to describe
a new North American species.

Ceratoculicoides, n. gen.
Type-species: Helea longipennis Wirth.

Diagnosis—Moderate size species with female claws small and Culicoides-like
on hind leg; first radial cell obsolete, second small; vein M2 interrupted at base.

Eyes hairy or bare, well separated by an angular space in female (fig. le).
Female antenna (fig. la) with five distal segments moderately elongate, shaped
much as in Culicoides, distal sensory pit present on third segment; antennal ratio
about 1.1 to 1.25. Male antennal segments 3-13 fused, 13-15 elongate with short
verticils (fig. 1g). Female palpus (fig. 1b) short, third segment with moderately

1 Mail address: c/o U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. 20560.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 eval

deep pit. Female mandible (fig. 1f) slender distally with large teeth. Wing (fig.
1d) narrower than in Ceratopogon, usually somewhat infuscated along veins; costa
short, 0.50-0.55 of wing length in American species, 0.69 in gracilipes Remm.
Legs (fig. lh) moderately slender, without conspicuous bristles; tarsal ratio about
2.2; fourth tarsomere slender; claws of female (fig. 1j) long and subequal to
slightly unequal on fore and mid legs, small and equal, similar to the male claws
on hind leg (except in gracilipes which has large claws only on fore leg). Female
genital opening provided on each side with a narrow, mesally forked sclerotization
(fig. In); two large and one rudimentary spermathecae (fig. lm) present (only
one large spermatheca in gracilipes), with characteristic long oblique necks. Male
genitalia (fig. 1L,) with ninth sternum rather broad, with small caudomedian ex-
cavation; ninth tergum moderately long and tapering with well-developed, digiti-
form apicolateral processes. Basistyle moderately stout, dististyle slender and
nearly straight. Aedeagus with characteristic shape, with low basal arch and short
anterolateral basal arms; broad main portion usually with slightly cleft apex and
bearing small, dorsally bent, apicolateral teeth. Parameres (fig. 1k) separate,
each arising from a slender anterolateral apodeme similar to that of Alluaudomyia:;
main portion a straight, tapering rod with simple tip usually somewhat bent pos-
terolaterally.

This genus combines some of the characters of Isohelea and Brachy-
pogon Kieffer, while at the same time presenting some aspects similar
to the genus Culicoides Latreille. With Isohelea it shares the short
costa, interrupted vein M2, distinct apicolateral processes of the male
ninth tergum, and separate male parameres. With Brachypogon it has
the reduced radial cells, with the reduction not so complete as in that
genus. The small claws on the hind (and sometimes mid) tarsi of the
female are unique in the tribe Ceratopogonini, but are reminiscent of
the claws of the genus Culicoides. The antennae are more suggestive
of Culicoides than of Ceratopogon except for the restriction of the
sensory tufts to the third segment. This genus is also quite distinctive
in the shape of the sclerotization on each side of the female genital
opening, and in the general structure of the male genitalia.

KrEY TO THE SPECIES OF Ceratoculicoides

1. Female claws long only on fore leg; one spermatheca present; male aedeagus
with distinct caudomedian cleft and caudolateral teeth; male parameres

slender on distal half _... gracilipes (Remm)
Female claws long on ion Bas mid esee two gional tnoens present; male
genitalia various ____ eee A tk Ee es "oat Vy

2. Legs yellow; small species, wing 0.90-1.10 mm ines aie oe slightly
cleft distad with distinct caudolateral teeth, parameres stout with apices

laterally bent - Bide ____ virginianus (Wirth)
Legs brownish; ieee species, wing eS. 5 mm long; male genitalia
VETO US gpm eet Mac Ne ee 2 RR SION oS Bee ee eS

3. Female th Le larger, 0.082 and 0.075 mm in diameter; male
aedeagus with simple rounded tip, parameres slender on distal half —_
pee eee ns longipennis (Wirth)

172 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

Female spermathecae smaller, 0.046 and 0.040 mm in diameter; male
aedeagus with truncate tip bearing sharp caudolateral teeth; parameres
stoutiwithvabruptlyspomted stip = eee ee blantoni, n. sp.

Ceratoculicoides longipennis (Wirth), n. comb.
(Fig. 1)

Helea longipennis Wirth, 1952:201 (female; ? subgenus; California ).
Ceratopogon (Nilohelea) longipennis (Wirth): Wirth, 1965:133 (combination).

Female.—Length of wing 1.25 mm.

Head: Brown, including antennae and palpi. Eyes with numerous, moderately
prominent interfacetal hairs. Antenna (fig. la) with proximal segments not as
short and stout as in virginianus, lengths of flagellomeres in proportion of 23-19-
18-20-20-22-22-23-31-35-37-40-43; antennal ratio 1.12. Palpal segments (fig. 1b)
with lengths in proportion of 15-25-30-15-23; third segment short, length/breadth
ratio 1.66, with a small deep sensory pit.

Thorax: Subshining brownish black; legs brown, knee joints and tarsi paler.
Claws (fig. 1j) nearly as long as fifth tarsomere on fore and mid legs, small and
equal, same size as male claws, on hind leg. Hind basitarsus 2.1 as long as second
tarsomere. Wing (fig. 1d) darker than in virginianus, with more macrotrichia at
wing margin distally; costa extending to 0.53 of wing length. Halter pale.

Abdomen: Dark brown. Spermathecae (fig. 1m) ovoid with long oblique necks,
with pronounced hyaline perforations; measuring 0.082 + 0.032 (neck) by 0.075
mm and 0.075 + 0.023 by 0.060 mm.

Male.—Similar to the female with the usual sexual differences; legs and wings
darker in color, wings practically without marginal macrotrichia; antennal plumes
brown; antennal segments 13-15 with lengths in proportion of 62-52-68. Genitalia
(fig. 1L): Aedeagus with main body slightly longer than broad, basal arch ex-
tending to a fourth of total height; distal margin evenly rounded, without trace of
median notch or sublateral teeth. Parameres (fig. 1k) each stout at base, evenly
tapered to slender pointed tip, the latter slightly bent ventrad.

Distribution —Washington, California, and from Quebec to Florida.

Type.—Holotype female, Stony Brook, Sequoia National Park, Tulare
Co., California, 13 July 1947, W. W. Wirth, “attempting to bite” (Type
no. 59944, USNM).

Specimens Examined.—CALIFORNIA: Laguna Beach, 28 March
1935, A. L. Melander, 1 female; Mill Valley, Marin Co., 10 May 1958,
H. B. Leech, 1 female; Redding, 14 May 1948, W. W. Wirth, stream
margin, 1 female (paratype); Stony Brook, Sequoia National Park, etc.
(holotype female). FLORIDA: Torreya State Park, Liberty Co., 27
April 1958, F. S. Blanton, light trap, 1 male; 20 May 1966, H. V. Weems,
light trap, 2 males; 22 April 1967, W. W. Wirth, light trap, 1 male.
MARYLAND: Forest Glen, Montgomery Co., 5 June 1967, W. W.
Wirth, light trap, 4 males, 1 female. NEW YORK: Allegany State
Park, 3 June 1963, W. W. Wirth, mossy woods and stream margin, 5
males, 9 females. OREGON: North Plains, Washington Co., 19 May
1963, K. Goeden, along stream, | male; Wetmore Campground, Baker

PROG. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 Lie

Fig. 1. Ceratoculicoides longipennis (Wirth): a, female antenna; b, female
palpus; c, male palpus; d, female wing; e, female head; f, female mandible; g, male
antenna; h, female legs, left to right, fore, mid, and hind; i, female tarsi, fore, mid,
and hind; j, female claws, fore, mid, and hind; k, male parameres; 1, male genitalia,
parameres removed; m, female spermathecae; n, female genital sclerotization.

Co., 9 mi w Unity, 2 July 1965, malaise trap, 1 female. QUEBEC:
Meach Lake, 6 June 1960, W. W. Wirth, 1 female. VIRGINIA: Falls
Church, May 1958, W. W. Wirth, light trap, 2 males, 14 females.
WASHINGTON: Adna, 10 July 1917, A. L. Melander, 1 female.

174 PROG. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

Fig. 2. Ceratoculicoides blantoni, n. sp.: a, female antenna; b, female palpus;
c, female wing; d, female spermathecae; e, male parameres; f, male genitalia,
parameres removed.

Discussion.—This species is distinguished from virginianus (Wirth)
by its larger size and brownish legs, and from blantoni, n. sp. by its
larger spermathecae, distally slender male parameres, and male aede-
agus without sublateral teeth on the distal margin.

Ceratoculicoides blantoni, n. sp.

(Fig. 2)

Female.—Length of wing 1.15 mm. A dark brown species, nearly indistinguish-
able from C. longipennis. Antennal ratio 1.07; costal ratio 0.50. Spermathecae
(fig. 2d) much smaller, measuring 0.064 + 0.014 by 0.046 mm and 0.051 + 0.011
by 0.040 mm, hyaline perforations absent.

Male.—Lengths of antennal segments 13-15 in proportion of 65-55-55. Genitalia
(fig. 2£): As in C. virginianus, but the aedeagus with main body slightly broader
than long, the distal margin without mesal notch but with prominent, dorsally
projecting teeth. Parameres (fig. 2e) stout distally as in virginianus, but the tips
more abruptly narrowed with the points not bent laterad.

Distribution Maryland, Virginia.

Types.—Holotype male, allotype female, Snow Hill, Worcester Co.,
Maryland, 19 May 1968, W. H. Anderson, light trap (Type no. 70650,
USNM ). Paratypes, 8 males, 4 females, Falls Church, Virginia, May
1958, W. W. Wirth, light trap.

Discussion.—We are pleased to name this species for Professor F. S.
Blanton of the University of Florida in recognition of his long and
dedicated work on American Ceratopogonidae. Pinned specimens of
C. blantoni cannot be distinguished from those of C. longipennis, but
in slide mounts the smaller female spermathecae and the shapes of
the male aedeagus and parameres will afford an easy separation.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 175

Fig. 3. Ceratoculicoides virginianus (Wirth): a, female antenna; b, female
palpus; c, female wing; d, female spermathecae; e, male parameres; f, male geni-
talia, parameres removed.

Ceratoculicoides virginianus (Wirth), n. comb.
(Fig. 3)

Helea (Isohelea) virginianus Wirth, 1951:318 (male, female; Virginia, Maryland;
fig. male genitalia).
Ceratopogon (Nilohelea) virginianus (Wirth): Wirth, 1965:133 (combination).

Female——Length of wing 0.90-1.10 mm.

Head brown, antennae and palpi pale brown. Eyes practically bare, only a few
very fine interfacetal hairs present. Antenna (fig. 3a) with proximal flagellomeres
broader than long, gradually becoming longer and more slender, the distal five
distinctly elongated; lengths in proportion of 12-13-14-15-17-18-19-19-30-30-30-
32-35; antennal ratio 1.25. Palpal segments (fig. 3b) with lengths in proportion
of 15-15-25-14-22; third segment short, length to breadth ratio 1.66; with a small
deep sensory pit.

Thorax subshining brownish black, mesonotum with sparse, long, light brown
hairs; coxae brown, remainder of legs yellow. Claws subequal, nearly as long as
fifth tarsomere on fore and mid legs, small and equal, the size of male claws, on
hind leg; hind basitarsus 2.2 as long as second tarsomere. Wing (fig. 3c) smoky
grayish brown, the veins slightly infuscated; costa extending to 0.50 of wing
length; macrotrichia absent except for a few along wing margin between tips of
veins R5 and M2. Halter pale.

Abdomen: Deep brownish black. Spermathecae (fig. 3d) unequal in size,
measuring 0.070 + 0.017 (neck) by 0.058 mm and 0.052 + 0.016 by 0.046 mm;
ovoid, with long, slender, sclerotized neck arising obliquely.

Male.—Similar to the female with the usual sexual differences; antennal plumes
yellowish brown; antennal segments 3-13 fused, lengths of 13-15 in proportion of
80-65-48. Genitalia (fig. 3f): Aedeagus with main body as broad as long, basal
arch high, extending to a fourth of total length; apex broad, more or less truncate
with a small distomesal notch, each distolateral lobe with two sharp, anterodorsally
bent teeth. Parameres (fig. 3e) each short and stout, especially at base, with
bluntly pointed tip somewhat bent ventrolaterally.

176 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

Distribution —Eastern U.S.A. from New York to Florida and Texas.

Type——Holotype male (pinned), Mount Solon, Virginia, 11 July
1950, W. W. Wirth (Type no. 60972, USNM).

Specimens Examined—FLORIDA: Gainesville, Alachua Co., 20
April 1967, W. W. Wirth, light trap, | male; Torreya State Park, Liberty
Co., April 1957, F. S. Blanton, light trap, 1 male, 3 females; 20 May
1966, H. V. Weems, light trap, 3 males, 3 females; 22 April 1967, W.
W. Wirth, light trap, 2 males; Welaka, Putnam Co., 9 April 1964, H.
A. Denmark, light trap, 1 male. MARYLAND: Forest Glen, Mont-
gomery Co., 22 June 1967, W. W. Wirth, light trap, 1 male. NEW
JERSEY: New Brunswick, 12 July 1958, W. W. Wirth, lake margin,
1 female. NEW YORK: Colton, Raquette River, S$. Lawrence Co.,
24 June 1963, W. W. Wirth, 1 female; Stoddard Hollow, Cattaraugus
Co., 10 August 1961, J. L. Laffoon, 1 female. NORTH CAROLINA:
Highlands, Macon Co., 17 July 1958, J. L. Laffoon, 1 male, 1 female.
TEXAS: Kerrville, 2 June 1953, L. J. Bottimer, light trap, 2 females.
VIRGINIA: Falls Church, 8 June 1952, W. W. Wirth, stream margin,
1 male, 1 female; Falls Church, Holmes Run, 24 June 1960, W. W.
Wirth, light trap, 1 male, 1 female; Mount Solon, data as above, 1 male
(holotype). WEST VIRGINIA: Lost River State Park, 23 May 1954,
W. W. Wirth, 2 males, 1 female.

Discussion.—This species is readily distinguished from the other
American species by its smaller size and yellowish legs. In the latter
it resembles the Palaearctic C. gracilipes (Remm).

Ceratoculicoides gracilipes (Remm), n. comb.

Ceratopogon (Nilohelea) gracilipes Remm, 1967:28 (male, female; Caucasus; fig.
eye separation, palpus, claws, genital sclerotization, spermatheca, male genitalia ).

Female.—Length of wing 1.25-1.30 mm. Eyes separated. Mandible with strong
teeth; proboscis short, a third of width of head. Antennal segments 3-6 spherical,
7-10 oval; antennal ratio 1.2. Wings slightly smoky, anterior veins darkened;
costal ratio 0.69; numerous macrotrichia along wing margin between veins R5 and
M1. Claws of fore leg large, of middle and hind leg small as in male. Spermatheca
single.

Male.—Length of wing 1.03-1.10 mm. Head and thorax black, mesonotum
shining, with slight grayish brown pruinosity and fine, pale, sparse hairs; legs
except coxae light yellow; halteres cream-colored; wing milky, anterior veins dark-
ened. Eyes pubescent. Antennal plume with yellowish reflection. A single radial
cell, a little oblong, partially fused with radial vein; proximal half of vein M2
absent; macrotrichia absent. Genitalia with aedeagus longer than broad, with a
median cleft distally, each distolateral lobe bearing two or three distinct chitinous
points; parameres slender distally, with distal point distinctly bent back.

Distribution.—Kharagoule, Bruzenskaya SSR, in the Caucasus.

Discussion.—We are indebted to Dr. Lloyd V. Knutson for a trans-
lation of the original description from which the above description is

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 177

modified. C. gracilipes resembles C. virginianus in its yellow legs, but
is a much larger species, about the same size as C. blantoni and C.
longipennis. On two points C. gracilipes differs strikingly from the
American species: the large claws are present only on the fore leg of
the female, those of the mid and hind legs being small as in the male,
and there is only a single spermatheca.

REFERENCES

Clastrier, J. 1961. Notes sur les Cératopogonidés XV.—Ceratopogon et
Alluaudomyia de la Region Palearctique, Arch. Inst. Pasteur d’Algérie 39:
401-440.

Kieffer, J. J. 1921. Chironomides de ]Afrique Equatoriale. Ann. Soc. Ent.
France 90: 1—56, 2 plates.

Macfie, J. W. S. 1940. The genera of Ceratopogonidae. Ann. Trop. Med.
Parasit. 34:13-30.

Remm, H. 1967. On the fauna of Ceratopogonidae (Diptera) in the Caucasus.
Tartu Riikliku Ulikooli Toimetised 194:3-37 (in Russian).

Wirth, W. W. 1951. New species and records of Virginia Heleidae (Diptera).
Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 53:313-326.

1952. The Heleidae of California. Univ. Calif. Pubs. Ent. 9:
95-266.

1965. Family Ceratopogonidae. In Catalog of Diptera of North
America. U.S. Dept. Agr. Handbook 276, pp. 121-142.

A NEW PEDIOBIUS PARASITIC ON A THRIPS
(HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE )

B. D. Burks, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service,
U.S. Department of Agriculture!

ABSTRACT—A new species of eulophid chalcidoid, Pediobius thysanopterus,
is described. This is an internal parasite of the larvae of Gynaikothrips ficorum
(Marchal), a thrips living in leaf-rolls on fig. The parasite is known from Israel
and Egypt.

Very few chalcidoid parasites of thrips have been recorded. The
eulophids, a species of Tetrastichus Haliday, a few species of Ceranisus
Walker (=Thripoctenus Crawford and probably = Epomphale Girault),
three species of Thripoctenoides Erdos, one species of Thripobius Fer-
riere, and two species of Goetheana Girault (=Dasyscapus Gahan),
with three species of the trichogrammatid Megaphragma Timberlake,
are all the chalcidoid parasites of thrips listed in the available indices
(Thompson, 1951; Peck, 1963; cumulative host-parasite index main-

‘Mail address: c/o U. S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560.

178 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

tained by the U. S. Department of Agriculture). There are other records
of chalcidoid parasites of thrips in the literature, but most of them re-
quire re-examination. For instance, the record of the mymarid Camp-
toptera pulla Girault from Hercothrips (Girault, 1916). This need not
be taken seriously, since the Camptoptera was obtained from leaves
containing both whiteflies and thrips, and there is no direct evidence
that the parasite came from either of them.

It was with the greatest interest that I recently received specimens
of a Pediobius that is parasitic on thrips from J. C. Hall, Division of
Biological Control, University of California, Riverside. This had been
reared as an internal parasite of the larva of Gynaikothrips ficorum
(Marchal), the material originally coming from Rehovot, Israel. A
search through the literature turned up one previously overlooked
record of another Pediobius from a thrips. Risbec (1958) recorded his
species P. dipterae as a parasite of the larva of thrips in leaf galls on
Psiadia in Madagascar. P. dipterae was originally described (Risbec,
1951) from Senegal as a parasite of dipterous and lepidopterous leaf-
miners. It may be that the species Risbec had from leafminers in
Senegal and from thrips in Madagascar are not the same. Certainly
the figures he gives in the two papers do not look as though they had
been made from the same species. If Risbec’s thrips parasite is actually
a different species from dipterae, 1951, it is an undescribed species.
However, the Gynaikothrips parasite is obviously different from the
description of P. dipterae Risbec, 1951, and from the figures given for
P. dipterae Risbec, 1958.

This parasite of Gynaikothrips could not be identified by the keys
in any of the revisional papers on Pediobius that are currently avail-
able. These are Waterston, 1915 (African and Persian species), Fer-
riere, 1933 (South Asiatic species), Masi, 1940 (African species), Risbec,
1958 (African species), Bouéek, 1965 (European species), and Burks,
1966 (North American species). Consequently a description of it has
been prepared. The host thrips is originally from the Indian Region,
in the opinion of Priesner (1964). This parasite has, thus, been studied
in comparison with the Oriental species of Pediobius. Its closest rela-
tive seems to be P. detrimentosus (Gahan), which was described from
Coimbatore, India, and which has been found to be widely distributed
in the Oriental region.

Pediobius thysanopterus, n. sp.

This species agrees with detrimentosus (Gahan) in having the median
area of the scutellum smooth with the lateral areas longitudinally
striate, in having the posterior notaular depressions sculptured, and
in having the vertex smooth. They differ in that thysanopterus is much
smaller, less than 1 mm long, while detrimentosus is slightly more than
1.5 mm long; detrimentosus has the occipital ridge sharp, while this

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 179

species has it poorly defined; and in detrimentosus the first gastral
tergum occupies '2 the gaster, while it occupies all of it in this species.

Female.——Length, 0.8-0.9 mm. Dorsum of head and thorax shining, jet black;
frons, face and genae, thoracic pleura, antennal scapes, legs except tarsi, and gaster
dark metallic blue; antennal flagellum and propodeum dark metallic green; basal
three segments of each tarsus pale yellow; wings hyaline, veins yellow, darkened
at base of marginal vein and on stigmal vein.

Width of head equal to maximum width of thorax; vertex broadly rounded, sur-
face smooth and shining, parascrobal areas below transverse frontal groove very
faintly reticulated, almost smooth; face and genae smooth; occipital margin sub-
angulate, distinct carina absent; occiput shagreened; malar groove absent, eyes
with sparse, short hairs; width of malar space 4% as great as height of compound
eye; dorsal width of an eye 44 width of interocular space at anterior ocellus;
antenna with 3 funicular and 2 club segments, apex of club pointed; relative pro-
portionate lengths of parts of antenna—scape, 90; pedicel, 40; first funicular seg-
ment, 30; second, 25; third, 25; club, 60; ocellocular line 144 times as long as
lateral ocellus.

Pronotum with 4 dorsal bristles; mesopraescutum and scutum, including posterior
notaular depressions, with scaly sculpture, but this sculpture weak; axillae with
faint, irregularly lineolate sculpture; scutellum smooth and shining in median half
anteriorly, longitudinal striations present in lateral areas, these converging on pos-
terior third of scutellum and becoming alveolate. Forewing with marginal vein 10
times as long as stigmal, postmarginal and stigmal veins equal in length.

Propodeum smooth, shining; median carinae not quite meeting at base, diverging
posteriorly to enclose minute, subspherical neck at apex; propodeal spiracles round,
minute, separated from anterior margin of propodeum by a space slightly greater
than diameter of a spiracle. Petiole borne at almost a vertical angle to longitudinal
axis of gaster; surface of petiole heavily sculptured; petiole stout, as wide as long.
Gaster as long as thorax, basal tergum occupying entire dorsal surface of gaster,
only minute tip of ovipositor sheath protruding at apex; posterior margin of basal
tergum straight on dorsum; dorsal surface of basal tergum smooth and shining,
unsculptured.

Male.—Unknown.

Type locality.—Rehovot, Israel [specimens reared in laboratory at
Riverside, California].

Type.—U.S.N.M. catalog no. 70850.

Described from 20 female specimens. Holotype and 13 paratypes,
reared Sept. 2, 1969, in laboratory at Riverside, California, from ma-
terial imported from Rehovot, Israel, from larvae of Gynaikothrips
ficorum (Marchal), Yair Ben-Dov; 6 paratypes, Giza, Egypt, Sept. 20,
1955, reared from Gynaikothrips ficorum, A. Nagi. Four paratypes are
deposited in the Department of Entomology collection, University of
California, Riverside, 2 paratypes in the British Museum (Natural
History) collection, London, and the other types are in the U. S. Na-
tional Museum.

I am greatly indebted to Mr. Hall for sending me this interesting
species for description.

180 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

REFERENCES

Bouéek, Z. 1965. Studies of European Eulophidae IV: Pediobius Walk. and
two Allied Genera. Acta Ent. Mus. Nat. Prag. 36(1):5-90.

Burks, B. D. 1966. The North American Species of Pediobius Walker
(Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 68( 1) :33-43.

Ferriére, Ch. 1933. Chalcidoid and Proctotrupoid Parasites of Pests of the
Coconut Palm. Stylops 2(5):86—108.

Masi, L. 1940. Descrizioni di Chalcididi raccolti in Somalia dal Prof. G. Russo
con note sulle specie congeneri. Bol. R. Lab. Ent. Agr. Portici 3:247-324.

Peck, O. 1963. A Catalogue of the Nearctic Chalcidoidea (Insecta: Hymenop-
tera). Can. Ent. Suppl. 30, 1092 p.

Priesner, H. 1964. Monograph of the Thysanoptera of the Egyptian Deserts.
Publ. Inst. Desert. Egypte 13, vii-ix + 549 p.

Risbec, J. 1951. Les Chalcidoides d’A.O.F. I. Mem. Inst. Franc. Afr. Noire
13:51-67.

1958. Contributions 4 la connaissance des Hyménoptéres Chalci-
doides et Proctotrupoides de l'Afrique Noire. II. Les Pleurotropis d’Afrique et de
Madagascar. Ann. Mus. R. Congo Belge. Sci. Zool. 64:68-90.

Thompson, W. R. 1951. A Catalogue of the Parasites and Predators of Insect
Pests, Sect. 1, pt. 11. Comnw. Bur. Biol. Control, Ottawa, 35 p.

Waterston, J. 1915. Notes on African Chalcidoidea—II. Bull. Ent. Res. 5(4):
343-372.

CORRECTIONS TO MOSQUITO CATALOG SUPPLEMENTS III AND IV

Inasmuch as the last Mosquito Catalog Supplement to appear under my author-
ship is now published it seems well to make note of a few errors that have been
brought to my attention. I am indebted to Botha de Meillon and J. P. Duret for
pointing out some that I did not discover myself. The first number is the journal
page, the number in parentheses the page of the original catalog.

Supplement III. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., Vol. 69, 1967.
215 (241). Raise 241 to stand before annulirostris.

217 (260). Raise 260 to stand before sitiens.
(276). portesi—Change “Cenevet” to “Senevet.”

218 (281). Change “bisculatus” to “bisulcatus.”

223 (327). BNI—Change “Barnhard” to “Bernhard.”

Supplement IV. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., Vol. 72, 1970.
150 (187). Change “seato” to “seatoi.” Also index, p. 171.
162 (269). Change “eristovai” to “eristovaoi.” Also index, p. 170.
163 (272). kerri—Insert “Rio Preto” before “Joao Goulard.”
(273). mniearoensis—Change “INM” to “A.”

ALAN STONE, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service,
U. S. Department of Agriculture, c/o U. 8. National Museum, Washington, D. C.
20560.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 181

A NEW GENUS AND NEW SPECIES OF BEE FLIES
(DiprERA: BOMBYLUDAE )

Frank M. Hutu, Department of Biology, University of Mississippi,
University, Mississippi 38677

ABSTRACT—This paper describes a new genus, Euprepina, from South
America. The type of the genus is nuda, new species; also described are the
additional new species shannoni, bicineta, truxalia, knutsoni and maracajula
also from South America.

Among recent material that has come to hand, belonging to the
family Bombyliidae, I find an interesting new genus from South
America, described below.

Euprepina, n. gen.

Densely pilose flies with the abdomen a little more than usually
elongate and with a slender proboscis and slender, small labellum.
Related to Sparnopolius Loew which they resemble in the bare, black
and shining, prominent and extended oragenal cup. They differ from
that genus in the position of the anterior crossvein which is placed at
or beyond the outer third of the discal cell; in Sparnopolius Loew this
crossvein lies at the basal third or always before the middle of the
cell. Also in Euprepina there is a dense, long tuft of pile in front of
the halter but this space is bare in Sparnopolius Loew, which appears
to be a Nearctic genus.

Euprepina is found from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, southward to Uru-
guay. There are several species, and while these species may possibly
be described under some older name, I have not identified them with
such, and it seems important to describe them now so that their generic
status may be recognized in pending studies.

Length: 10 to 13 mm, excluding proboscis; wing 8 to 10 mm.

Type-species: Euprepina nuda, n. sp.

Euprepina nuda, n. sp.

Head: slightly triangular in appearance because of flattened eyes of male, flat
front in female, and more especially the triangularly produced and _ obliquely
truncate, or plane oragenal cup. Sides of oragenal cup convex above, sharp and
polished like glass, without pile but with pollen on a short area beneath the
antenna which is separated from oragenal cup by a crease. Occiput rather thick
inwardly, considerably produced in profile, but of flat Bombylius-type with small
central foramen. Pile of occiput dense and shaggy dorsally, extending only a
short distance above eye. Hair rather blunt, shorter along middle, becoming
long and fine ventrally. Posterior margin of eye not quite plane, very shallowly
concave, upper facets strongly enlarged in males. Front reduced to a minute

182 PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

triangle in front of antennae in male, slightly raised on upper half and vertex in
female, a shallow transverse depression in front of antennae.

Antennae attached at upper fifth of head and rather large, elongate and slender.
First segment slightly longer than second, bearing numerous, rather long, coarse
bristles and bristly hairs on all sides, longer laterally and below. Second segment,
slightly widened apically has shorter but similar bristles on all sides. Third seg-
ment slender, spindle-shaped, base knobbed, outer half attenuate, with two small
microsegments and bristle at tip.

Thorax: longer than wide, rather convex; head slightly drooping. Mesonotum
opaque black with dense, brown pollen and dense, fine, erect pile of no great
length. Notopleuron with four slender bristles, postalar callosity with many long,
fine, slender bristly hairs. Scutellum clothed like mesonotum with fine, long hairs
on margin. Pleuron densely pilose including propleuron, whole of mesopleuron
and metapleuron; pteropleuron and anterior hypopleuron bare.

Legs: all legs slender. All femora with fine fringe of very slender, long hairs
ventrally. Bristles absent, although in some species hairs on hind femur slightly
thicker. Femora also covered with flat-appressed, long slender scales or scaliform
pile.

Wings: long and slender, subhyaline, tinged with pale brown anteriorly and
basally. Two submarginal cells, first posterior cell very slightly narrowed. Anal
cell widely open, anterior crossvein entering discal cell near outer fourth, hence
first basal cell much longer than second.

Abdomen: elongate, distinctly narrowed, tapered and compressed posteriorly.
More than 1% times as long as mesonotum, scutellum excepted. Seventh tergite
and corresponding sternite form a long cone in female, about as long as wide and
obtuse apically. Color black, opaque in females with dark to light brown pollen
and with appressed, glittering, somewhat flattened hair over middle and some erect,
moderately long, loose, scattered, yellow hairs basally, changing to fine, erect, black
hairs along posterior margins of apical tergites. Curled over side margins of first
four or five tergites with long, conspicuous, dense, erect, yellow or sometimes
reddish or whitish pile in female.

Male abdomen similar in form but different in pile. In some species male has
first two tergites opaque white across middle and opaque across middle of fifth
tergite. Some have only fifth tergite pale. Pile of male dense, fine and erect and
tending to form bands across middle on posterior margins of tergites. Sixth and
seventh tergites of male with dense, expanded conspicuous tuft of hair; curled over
lateral margins with very dense hairs. Male terminalia asymmetrical and recessed.

Male abdomen opaque black, with fine, erect, brownish-yellow pile, except en-
tire fifth tergite which is opaque grayish-white, with whitish pile.

Holotype: a male, allotype, a female, and one male and one female
paratype, from Nova Teutonia, Brazil (Fritz Plaumann), in Hull col-
lection.

Euprepina shannoni, n. sp.

This species differs from Euprepina nuda, n. sp. in the distinctly much shorter,
less slender proboscis, the more dense and more brownish pile of the abdomen,
the less narrowed discal cell, and the somewhat larger size.

Holotype: a male, and 9 paratype males, from Rio de Janeiro, alt.
2000 ft. March 1941, R. C. Shannon. Also one paratype male from

Q

PROG. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 183

Rocha, Uruguay. Holotype in U.S. National Museum. Paratypes in
U.S. National Museum and Hull collection. Named in honor of an
early friend and enthusiastic dipterist.

Euprepina bicincta, n. sp.

This species is distinct in the presence of a second, opaque grayish band lying
over the greater part of the second tergite. The sides and posterior border of this
tergite are opaque brownish black; the gray band notched in the middle, Anterior
border of wing tinted with brown as far as the end of the auxiliary cell. End of
marginal cell similar to nuda, n. sp. and anal cell also opened widely, but discal
cell much more blunt and widened apically. Length of proboscis similar to shan-
noni, new species.

Holotype: a male, allotype a female, a paratype of each sex; from
Nova Teutonia, Brazil. In the Hull collection.

Euprepina truxalia, n. sp.

Much like shannoni, n. sp. but with the marginal cell much widened, and anal
cell open but much narrowed. Fore margin of wing tinted brown. Second ab-
dominal tergite black but with a conspicuous band of rather dense, erect, con-
trastingly pale, whitish pile. Proboscis longer and slender, much as in nuda, n. sp.

Holotype: a male. 24 kil. E. of Formosa, Go., Brazil. F. S. Truxal,
May 28, 1956. Type in Los Angeles County Museum. Species named
for Dr. Truxal.

Euprepina knutsoni, n. sp.

Very different from other species. The fifth tergite similar to nuda, n. sp. but
the second has a very narrow distinct cross band, opaque gray, just before the
hind border; it is notched in the middle. The brownish abdominal pile is dis-
tinctly sparse. The anal cell is narrowly open and the wing faintly tinted with
reddish villi. Apex of marginal cell as in nuda, n. sp.; but apex of discal cell
wider. Proboscis comparatively long and slender.

Holotype: a male, from Copinota, Bolivia. 1918. Type in the U.S.
National Museum. Named for Dr. Lloyd Knutson.

Euprepina maracajula, n. sp.

Similar to nuda, n. sp. and like it with virtually hyaline wings. End of marginal
cell similar. Abdomen similar. The pile of the abdomen is fine, scanty and pale,
quite unlike shannoni, n. sp. There are fewer spines on the sides of the hind tibia,
the anal cell is much narrowed, the abdominal pile is quite pale yellow for the
most part, but reddish across tergite three, and the proboscis is shorter than in nuda
and more like shannoni.

Holotype: Maracaju, Matto Grosso, May 1937. R. C. Shannon. Also
two paratype males. Holotype in U.S. National Museum.

184 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

ABOUT IDIOCERINAE LEAFHOPPERS: V. BALCANOCERUS, A NEW
GENUS FOR CHUNROCERUS BALCANICUS ZAKHVATKIN, 1946
( HoMopTERA: CICADELLIDAE )

J. MALpoNADO-CaPRILES, Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico,
Mayagiiez, Puerto Rico 00708

ABSTRACT—Zakhvatkin established the genus Chunrocerus with Idiocerus
niveosparsus Lethierry as the type. As this species belongs in Idioscopus,
Chunrocerus is therefore a synonym of Idioscopus. Baleanocerus is proposed as
a new genus to include balcanicus, the only other species included in Chunrocerus,
as this species properly belongs in a genus distinct from the others in the subfamily.

I am grateful to Dr. C. W. Sabrosky, from the Systematic Entomology
Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C., for
his assistance in elucidating this nomenclatural problem.

Zakhvatkin (1946b: 155)! described the genus Chunrocerus to in-
clude Idiocerus niveosparsus Lethierry, as he correctly considered that
this species does not belong in Idiocerus, and called it the type of his
new genus on page 156. At the same time, on page 155, he included
Idiocerus balcanicus Horvath in his new genus. Baker (1915c: 338)
described the genus Idioscopus with Idiocerus clypealis Lethierry as
the type of the genus. In this same paper he included Idiocerus niveo-
sparsus in Chunra. Idiocerus clypealis Lethierry and I. niveosparsus
Lethierry are congeneric and both belong in Idioscopus as demon-
strated by me (Maldonado-Capriles, 1964). Therefore, Chunrocerus
is a synonym of Idioscopus. A new genus Balcanocerus, is proposed to
include Chunrocerus balcanicus (Horvath) as this species represents
a genus distinct from the above. Zakhvatkin’s description and illustra-
tions, on pages 155 and 156, clearly distinguish between Chunrocerus
and Idiocerus. Herein | illustrate the aedeagi of Balcanocerus balcani-
cus, new combination, and Idioscopus clypealis. The aedeagus of the
latter is quite similar to that of Idioscopus niveosparsus. Other details
of the male genitalia of B. balcanicus are also illustrated. These draw-
ings were kindly furnished by Mr. F. Heller, from Staatliches Museum
fur Naturkunde, Stuttgart, Germany. His drawings are from Horvath’s
type and this from Vranja, Servia, Horvath collector, 1902.

Baleanocerus, n. gen.
Type-species: Idiocerus balcanicus Horvath.
Relatively wide across head in relation to its body length (58/20 = 2.6); length
of head, thorax, and scutellum slightly over % of body length. Face and vertex

'™Complete references to literature prior to 1956 will be found in Metcalf’s
Bibliography of the Cicadelloidea, 1964, Fasicle IV of the General Catalogue of
the Homoptera. References to cited literature appearing after 1955 are given under

“References” at the end of this article.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 185

——

I
Y/
ay
i
| 7
4
j
|
1
f° \ |
h Is
7
6 al

Fig. 1. Idioscopus clypealis (Lethierry), male aedeagus, lateral. Figs. 2-9.
Balcanocerus balcanicus ( Horvath), male holotype: 2, style, dorsal; 3, style, lateral;
4, genital capsule, lateral; 5, genital capsule, ventral; 6, aedeagus and connective,
caudal; 7, aedeagus and connective, lateral; 8, valve, lateral; 9, outer edges of
hind tibia.

shagreen. Distance between ocelli about 11% times more than distance from ocellus
to eye. Upper extremities of clypeus well defined, reaching ocelli of corresponding
side. Pronotum 3 to 5 times longer than vertex. Scutellum shorter than pronotum
and vertex together, but feebly raised basally or practically flat. Four apical and

186 PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

three anteapical cells. First apical cross-vein of forewing close to bifurcation of
R resulting in: 1) first subapical cell very small, smaller than all others; 2) this
small cell is narrower at base than apically; 3) the first apical cell consequently
is longer than the other apicals. Fore-wing, across mid-length of clavus and ad-
jacent half of corium, with peculiar snow-white callose ornamentation. Clavus with
fine punctures along both sides of discal veins and along inner side of marginal
veins; corium with fine punctuations along both sides of veins R, M, and Cu, and
inner of C, Fore and mid legs glabrous. Hind leg: femur with two apical spurs;
tibia oval-flattened in cross-section, slightly curved; upper outer margin with eight
or nine spines closely appressed to shaft of tibia, upper inner margin with many
short spines appressed to shaft of tibia; lower outer margin with first two spines
appressed or semierect, last four raised above level of shaft by a sharply produced
base (fig. 9); lower margin with fine appressed spines; both inner margins quite
close to each other.

Male genitalia: pygofer longer than deep (figs. 4 and 5), with inner margins
straight and meeting along mesal line. Valve spatulate; with long setae on margin
of inner apical fourth; clearly angled at about midlength (fig. 8). Aedeagus with
well developed basal projection; tubular, curved cephalad, flattened dorsoventrally
near apex; gonopore opening subapically; without filaments. Style with anterior
end flattened laterally; posterior end tapering, sharp, upcurved, with a few fine
long setae on upper margin well before apex, and with lower margin serrate.

Female genitalia: similar to Idioscopus. Ovipositor smooth, longer than valves,
narrow, straight. Seventh sternum of B. balcanicus produced medianly.

Balcanocerus can be separated from Idiocerus and Idioscopus as
follows:

Balcanocerus Idiocerus Idioscopus
Anteapical cells three usually three usually two
Vertex shagreen usually wrinkled usually wrinkled
Spines of outer appressed erect or semierect erect or semierect

margins of
metatibia

Clavus
Pygofer

Pygofer

Apodeme of
aedeagus

Style with

Callose whitish
ornamentation
of forewing

Aedeagus

finely punctured
longer than deep

with unsclerotized
longitudinal area
flattened

few anteapical hairs

present

without filaments
or processes

without punctures
deeper than long

without such area
widened apically
usually strong

apical setae

absent

usually with apical
spine-like process

without punctures
deeper than long

with such area

flattened

microsetae

absent

2-4 apical
filaments

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 187

A bibliographical summary of the mentioned changes follows.

Baleanocerus, n. gen.

Chunrocerus Zakhvatkin, 1946b:155, in part.
Type-species: Idiocerus balcanicus Horvath, 1930a.

Baleanocerus baleanicus (Horvath), n. comb.

Idiocerus balcanicus Horvath, 1930a:24.
Chunrocerus balcanicus (Horvath): Zakhvatkin, 1946b: 154.

Idioscopus Baker 1915¢:338.

Idiocerus Lewis, 1834a:47. Synonym in part.
Chunrocerus Zakhvatkin, 1946b:155. New synonym, in part.

Idioscopus clypealis (Lethierry )

Idiocerus clypealis Lethierry, 1889c:5.
Idioscopus clypealis (Lethierry ): Baker, 1915¢:338.

Idioscopus niveosparsus (Lethierry )
Idiocerus niveosparsus Lethierry, 1889c:252.
Chunra niveosparsa (Lethierry ): Baker, 1915¢:318.
Chunrocerus niveosparsus ( Lethierry ): Zakhvatkin, 1946c: 155.
Idioscopus niveosparsus ( Lethierry ): Maldonado-Capriles, 1964.

REFERENCE

Maldonado-Capriles, J. 1964. Studies on Idiocerinae leafhoppers: II. The Indian
and Philippine species of Idiocerus and the genus Idioscopus. Proc. Ent. Soc.
Wash. 66(2):89-100.

THE GENUS ZADIPRION ROHWER
(HYMENOPTERA: DrPRIONIDAE )

Davin R. Smitu, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research
Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture!

ABSTRACT—Keys and descriptions are given for adults and larvae of the
three species of Zadiprion. Neodiprion grandis Rohwer is synonymized with Z.
townsendi (Cockerell). Two species of Zadiprion are known from the United
States and one species from Mexico. The host plants are various pines.

Zadiprion Rohwer
Neodiprion subgenus Zadiprion Rohwer, 1918, p. 83; Middleton, 1931, p. 166.
Zadiprion: Ross, 1937, p. 57; Ross, 1951, p. 19.
Type-species: Diprion grandis Rohwer. Original designation.
Zadiprion may be separated from other genera of Diprionidae by
the following combination of characters: supraclypeal area not tuber-

1 Mail address: c/o U.S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. 20560.

188 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

culate; antenna with more than 20 segments; vein 2A and 3A of fore-
wing complete, not fused to 1A and anal crossvein usually present, but
sometimes absent; in female, pulvillus of hindbasitarsus about as long
as basitarsus (fig. 9); in male, antennal segments bipectinate except
for apical 4 or 5 segments which are moniliform and undivided.

I have not found adequate characters to separate the larvae of
Zadiprion species from the larvae of other genera of Diprionidae.

This small genus is found in Mexico and southwestern United States,
extending as far north and east as the Black Hills of South Dakota
(fig. 1). Three species are included, all of which feed on pines in the
larval stage, and each of which has been destructive to forest stands
at various times.

KeEy TO SPECIES

Adults
Mena al ease ee 2 ER ERE etc ee 2
Milles 24. Se aot de Ob, ae ek, Re eee 4
2. Head and body entirely yellow; first sanualie of lancet inverted U-shaped,
second to ninth annuli subparallel (fig. 2) _Z. rohweri (Middleton)
Head and thorax mostly reddish-brown, abdomen black and yellow; first
annulus of lancet straight, third annulus parallel or divergent — 3

3. Markings of head and mesonotum yellow; first annulus of lancet with
about 10 teeth, third and fourth annuli divergent (fig. 4)
AOR ee Ee Pg! Th Td wet ye on Seam ae _.... Z. townsendi_ (Cockerell )

Head entirely ee brown: markings on mesonotum black; first annulus
of lancet with only 2 large teeth, annuli 3 to 10 subparallel (fig. 3) -
2 BB SREP I e's Fey Wd Pel, OEY, SOO Miche Senet Ny as bee Z. vallicola (Rohwer )

4. Abdomen, except for hypandrium, black — Z. rohweri (Middleton )

Abdomen with lateral margins partly white and with considerable white
On Stermitest 23 oe et Be ee eee 5

5. Clypeus, supraclypeal area, basal ales and mesopleural spot yellowish _

US CRONE MN Sd hae ter Pa Le _ Z. townsendi ( Cockerell )
All -abovespants) blacke— sete ee eee, es ae = Z. vallicola (Rohwer)

Larvae

1. Body ornamentation consisting of small setalike tubercles, none of which
are arranged in clusters (fig. 13); thoracic legs dark brown to black; on
pinyon pines) 2... Se AG eee es Z. rohweri (Middleton)

Body ornamentation consisting of small conical tubercles, some of which are
arranged in clusters (figs. 14, 15); thoracic legs amber to orange _...__ 2

to

Body color dark brown to black with tubercles, prolegs, and_ lateral,
longitudinal line pale; U.S., on ponderosa pine __ Z. townsendi (Cockerell )

Body pale colored with small brown spot on each side of each spiracle
and with very light brownish lateral, longitudinal stripe; Mexico, on
various pines Pee See _..... Z. vallicola (Rohwer)

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 189

Zadiprion rohweri (Middleton )

Neodiprion (Zadiprion) rohweri Middleton, 1931, p. 166.
Zadiprion rohweri: Ross, 1951, p. 19; Burks, 1967, p. 14.

Female.—Average length, 10.3 mm. Antenna, head, legs, and body yellowish;
only apex of mandibles and apical 3 or 4 antennal segments blackish. Wings uni-
formly, very lightly, yellowish hyaline.

Head, thorax, and abdomen shining, not densely punctate nor dulled with fine
surface sculpture. Lancet with 9 annuli; first annulus inverted U-shaped, second
to ninth annuli subparallel (fig. 2).

Male.—Average length, 7.9 mm. First and second segments and main stalk of
antenna yellowish, filaments black. Head black with maxillary and labial palpi,
labrum, clypeus, and supraclypeal area white to yellowish; spot on each para-
antennal field and each upper inner orbit yellowish to brownish. Thorax black
with posterior margin of pronotum, tegulae, and epipleurites whitish. Legs yel-
lowish; each trochanter, base of each coxa, and inner surface of each femur blackish.
Abdomen black; hypandrium whitish; basal plates sometimes brownish. Genitalia
as in figs. 5 and 6.

Larva.—Final feeding stage, 30 to 40 mm. Head dark amber to orange with
eyespots and tips of mandibles black. Body whitish (preserved specimens) with
following dark brown: sclerites of thoracic legs; spot on each side of mesothorax
and metathorax; small spot below each abdominal spiracle; large spot at center
of each side of each abdominal segment, partially covering third and fourth an-
nulets. Body ornamentation consisting of small setalike tubercles.

Hairs moderately abundant on head. Antenna 3-segmented, first two segments
flat, not complete, third segment erect and peglike. Clypeus with 4 setae; labrum
with 4 setae, front margin emarginated, slightly asymmetrical; epipharynx with
about 8 stout spines on each side (fig. 11). Right mandible with 3 dorsal and 2
ventral teeth; left mandible with 4 dorsal and 2 ventral teeth; each mandible with
1 seta on outer basal angle (fig. 12). Maxillary palpus 4-segmented, 1 seta on
second segment, 1 seta on palpifer; lacinia with 8 stout spines, 2 spines on inner
edge largest (fig. 10). Labial palpus 3-segmented; second segment with 1 seta.

Thoracic legs 5-segmented; tarsal claws present; hairs abundant on segments of
legs. Each annulet of each thoracic segment with tubercles except for posterior
annulet of each segment.

Abdominal segments 1 to 9 each 6-annulate; fifth annulet sometimes not distinct,
appearing fused to fourth annulet. Annulets 1, 2, and 4 with tubercles; 9 to 12
tubercles on each side of annulet 1 and 6 to 10 tubercles on each side of annulets
2 and 4; postspiracular lobe, subspiracular lobe, and surpedal lobe each with 7 to
14 tubercles. Tenth tergum with tubercles scattered over surface and row on
outer edge; suranal and subanal areas with setae and tubercles. Prolegs on ab-
dominal segments 2 to 8 and 10; anal proleg divided.

Type.—U.S.N.M. type no. 43467, °, from Swartout Valley, San
Bernardino, Calif., 5-29-30, Hopk. 17915a, Pinus monophylla, H. E.
Burke, collector.

Distribution CALIFORNIA: Swartout Valley, San Bernardino,
bred, Pinus monophylla, H. E. Burke; 3 mi. SSW Valyermo, Los An-
geles Co., 2000’, reared, larvae on Pinus monophylla, N. McFarland;

190 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

oa =

ee

Fig. 1. Distribution of Zadiprion species: circles, rowheri (Middleton); triangles,
townsendi (Cockerell); rectangles, vallicola (Rohwer).

Wrightwood, Oct. 31, 1953, Pinus monophylla, Pierce, Albrecht.
COLORADO: Mesa Verde Nat. Pk., 6-12-29, pinyon pine, H. E. Burke.
NEVADA: Clark Co., Mountain Springs Summit, many records on
Pinus monophylla from May 23 to August 2, 1961, August 6, 1959, from
4500’ to 5000’ elevation, collected by R. C. Bechtel, F. D. Parker, and

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 191

D. F. Zoller; Clark Co., Kyle Canyon, 4800’-6500’, August 2, 1961, Pinus
monophylla, R. C. Bechtel, F. D. Parker; Clark Co., Lee Canyon, 4800’—
6500’, August 5, 1961, Pinus monophylla, R. C. Bechtel, F. D. Parker;
Douglas Co., 6 mi. SE Gardnerville, August 21, 1961, August 24, 1962,
Pinus monophylla, R. C. Bechtel, F. D. Parker; Douglas Co., 5 mi. SE
Centerville, August 21, 1961, Pinus monophylla, C. W. Baker; Lyon
Co., 3 mi. SW Dayton, August 17, 1961, Pinus monophylla, R. C. Bech-
tel; Lyon Co., Wellington, 10 mi. SE, August 22, 1961, Pinus mono-
phylla, R. C. Bechtel, F. D. Parker; Ormsby Co., Brunswick Canyon,
5000’, August 17, 1961, Pinus monophylla, R. C. Bechtel; Washoe Co.,
Washoe Lake, east side, 5100’, August 17, 1961, Pinus monophylla, R.
C. Bechtel; Washoe Co., Geiger Grade, 4800’-6200’, August 17, 1961,
Pinus monophylla, R. C. Bechtel, F. D. Parker; Pinyon Ridge, Toiyabe
N.F.,? July 11, 1962, pinyon pine, R. I. Washburn, F. W. Honing.
NEW MEXICO: Placitas, August 29, 1961, Pinus edulis, C. L. Massey.
UTAH: Panguitch, VIII-26-1962, pinyon pine, M. M. Furniss.

Hosts.—Larvae feed on pinyon pines, Pinus monophylla Torr. and
Frem. and P. edulis Engelm.

Discussion.—The yellow color of the female and the black abdomen
of the male will distinguish the adults of this species. The lancet of
the female is also distinctive, with the first annulus in the form of an
inverted “U”.

The larvae are distinguished from those of other Zadiprion species
by the pale coloration and small setalike tubercles. I have noticed
some variation in color in the larvae. Some specimens have only a
subspiracular dark brown spot which, in other specimens, may form
almost a continuous longitudinal line; other specimens have the supra-
spiracular brown spot more developed than the subspiracular spot.
Another diprionid, Neodiprion edulicolus Ross, also feeds on pinyon
pine and the larva may be confused with that of rohweri. However,
in the specimens of edulicolus that I have seen, the head capsule is
usually black, the body lacks dark brown markings or may have a light
longitudinal dorsal stripe, each lacinia has only 6 spines, and there
are only 6 spines on each side of the epipharynx.

There is no literature on the biology of rohweri.

Zadiprion townsendi (Cockerell )

Lophyrus townsendi Cockerell, 1898, p. 457.

Neodiprion (Zadiprion) townsendi: Rohwer, 1918, p. 83.
Zadiprion townsendi: Ross, 1951, p. 19.

“Bull pine sawfly,” Swenk, 1911, p. 1.

Diprion grandis Rohwer, 1912, p. 208. New synonymy.

* This may be Pine Nut Range in Ormsby, Lyon, or Douglas Counties (Corre-
spondence, R. C. Bechtel, Nevada Department of Agriculture ).

192 PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

Figs. 2-4. Lancets of Zadiprion species: 2, rohweri (Middleton); 3, vallicola
(Rohwer); 4, townsendi (Cockerell ).

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 193

Neodiprion (Zadiprion) grandis: Rohwer, 1918, p. 83.
Zadiprion grandis: Ross, 1951, p. 19.

Female.—Average length, 10.5 mm. Antenna reddish-brown, apical 3 or 4
segments blackish. Background color of head yellow with anterior margin of
clypeus, frons, ocellar area, and broad stripe between each lateral ocellus and
upper inner orbits reddish-brown. Thorax reddish-brown with epipleurites, meso-
scutellum, lateral margins of mesoprescutum, and central spot on mesopleuron
white to yellowish. Legs reddish-brown. Background color of abdomen yellow
with second to fourth tergites mostly black and posterior margin of each remaining
abdominal segment black; apical segment reddish-brown. Wings uniformly, lightly,
yellowish hyaline.

Texture of head and body dull, mostly with fine punctures and fine surface
sculpture. Lancet with 9 annuli; first annulus straight with about 10 teeth, third
and fourth annuli divergent, second and fifth to ninth annuli subparallel (fig. 4).

Male.—Average length, 9.5 mm. Antenna dark reddish-brown with apical 4 or
5 segments black. Head black with maxillary and labial palpi, labrum, clypeus,
supraclypeal area, para-antennal fields, and outer orbits yellowish. Thorax black;
epipleurites, tegula, and small spot located posterocentrally on mesopleuron yel-
lowish to reddish-brown. Legs yellow with each coxa, trochanter, and femur ex-
cept for extreme apex blackish. Abdomen black; basal plates, posterior half to
two-thirds of lateral margin of each tergite, and anterior two-thirds of each sternite
yellow; apical half of hypandrium yellow. Harpe and parapenis similar to that of
rohweri (fig. 5); harpe slightly longer and narrower. Penis valve as in fig. 7.

Larva.—Final feeding stage, 30 to 40 mm. Head amber to orange with large
irregular eyespot and tips of mandibles black. Thoracic legs amber to orange.
Body mostly dark brown to black mottled with white (preserved specimens ), white
areas as follows: tubercles and areas consisting of clumps of tubercles; lateral,
supraspiracular, longitudinal line; prolegs. Body ornamentation consisting of short,
conical tubercles.

Most structural features as for rohweri. Short setae and longer hairs abundant
on head and sclerites of thoracic legs. Epipharynx with 8 to 10 spines on each
side. Lacinia usually with 7 spines, size of inner two spines as for lacinia of
rohweri.

Abdominal segments 1 to 9 with 6 annulets, indistinct third and fifth annulets,
each sometimes fused with anterior and posterior margin of fourth annulet, re-
spectively. Tubercles present on first, second, and fourth annulets; first annulet
with 8 to 10 tubercles; second annulet with 10 to 12 tubercles; fourth annulet with
13 to 16 tubercles of which 10 to 12 are situated in a cluster near center of annu-
let. Postspiracular lobe with about 7 tubercles in cluster; subspiracular lobe with
cluster of about 10 tubercles; surpedal lobe with about 13 tubercles, most of which
are arranged in a row (fig. 14). Tenth tergum with scattered tubercles.

Types.—L. townsendi is U.S.N.M. type no. 4332, 2, labeled “S. Fk.
Eagle Cr., abt. 8000’, White Mts., NM, coll. Townsend,” “found dead
under pine tree, Aug. 17.” D. grandis Rohwer is U.S.N.M. type no.
14758, 2, labeled “Crawford, Nb., bred spem., 23-VII-1910,” “M. H.
Swenk, collector.”

Distribution —ARIZONA: Santa Rita Mts., July 24, W. J. Chamber-

194 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

lin; Flagstaff, reared, June 28, 1916, July 20, 1916, Pinus ponderosa,
D. F. Kerstain; North Rim, Grand Canyon, 12-7-65, Pinus ponderosa,
D. A. Pierce. COLORADO: Palmer, Pk., VII-24-16, VII-8-16, Pinus
scopulorum, G. Hofer. NEBRASKA: Crawford, bred, VII-23-1910,
7-9-10, June 30, 1910, M. H. Swenk; Hat Creek, August. NEW MEX-
ICO: Vallecitos, reared, June 30, 1924, Pinus ponderosa, W. J. Perry;
Magdalena, 1-13-61, Pinus ponderosa, A. M. Rives; Sandia Park, 12-
19-69, on ponderosa pine, C. J. Germain. SOUTH DAKOTA: Black
Hills near Custer (recorded by Swenk, 1911).

Host.—Pinus ponderosa Laws.

Discussion.—Z. townsendi and Z. grandis had been considered as
distinct species by previous authors. Rohwer (1918) separated them
by the depth of the emargination of the last sternite of the female, and
Middleton (1931) separated them by the denseness of the punctures
of the mesoscutellum. However, the similarity of the genitalia, larvae,
host plant, and variation of the characters used by Rohwer and Middle-
ton leaves little doubt that these species are synonymous.

The yellow and brown coloration and the straight first annulus with
about 10 teeth of the female, and the yellow lateral spots on the ab-
domen and yellowish clypeus and basal plates of the male will separate
this species from rohweri and vallicola. The larvae are distinguished
by the predominately dark coloration, amber colored thoracic legs, and
the numerous, conical tubercles some of which are in clusters.

Swenk (1911) studied the biology of this species in northwestern
Nebraska and called it the “bull pine sawfly.” A year later, Rohwer
(1912) described it as grandis.

Zadiprion vallicola (Rohwer)

Neodiprion (Zadiprion) vallicola Rohwer, 1918, p. 84; Hernandez, 1930, p. 1;
Middleton, 1931, p. 165; Olmedo, 1932, p. 168; Mendiolea, 1942, p. 28.
Zadiprion sp., Lara and Ortiz, 1969, p. 14.

Female.—Average length, 10.2 mm. Antenna reddish-brown with apical 3 or 4
segments blackish. Head reddish-brown; ocellar area sometimes blackish. Thorax
reddish-brown; spot on mesopleuron, central and posterior portion of mesopre-
scutum, at least anterior half of mesoscutellum, and sometimes metanotum black.
Legs reddish-brown. Abdomen with basal plates and apical segment reddish-brown,
other segments whitish with tergites 2 to 5 mostly black, remaining segments with
black only on posterior margin. Wings uniformly, lightly, yellowish hyaline.

=>

Figs. 5, 6, 9-13. Zadiprion rohweri (Middleton): 5, harpe and parapenis; 6,
penis valve; 9, female hindtarsus; 10, larval maxilla; 11, larval epipharynx; 12,
larval mandibles, ventral view; 13, larval third abdominal segment, lateral view.
Figs. 7, 14. Z. townsendi (Cockerell): 7, penis valve; 14, larval third abdominal
segment, lateral view. Figs. 8, 15. Z. vallicola (Rohwer): 8, penis valve; 15,
larval third abdominal segment, lateral view.

PROG. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

196 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

Texture of head and body dull, with closely set punctures and fine surface
sculpture. Lancet with 10 annuli, apical annulus short; first annulus straight, with
2 large teeth, annuli 2 to 10 subparallel with only third annulus slightly divergent;
ventral annular teeth large (fig. 3).

Male.—Average length, 8.3 mm. Antenna black with filaments dark reddish
brown. Head black; maxillary and labial palpi, labrum, and spot on each para-
antennal field and posterior orbit whitish. Thorax black. Legs with each coxa,
trochanter, and femur black, each tibia and tarsus white. Abdomen black; posterior
half to two-thirds of each sternite and lateral portion of each tergite white; apical
half of hypandrium white. Harpe and parapenis similar to that of rohweri (fig. 5);
harpe slightly longer and narrower. Penis valve as in fig. 8.

Larva.—Final feeding stage, 25 to 35 mm. Head amber with eyespot and tip
of mandibles black. Thoracic legs amber. Body whitish (preserved specimens )
with small brown spot on each side of each spiriacle and very light brown longi-
tudinal, supraspiracular stripe on each side. Body ornamentation consisting of
short, conical tubercles.

Structural features as for townsendi except for arrangement of tubercles. First
annulet with 5 to 6 tubercles on each side; second annulet with 5 to 6 tubercles
on each side, about 4 of which are in cluster near dorsum; fourth annulet with
3 to 4 tubercles on each side near dorsum and 7 to 9 tubercles in cluster near
center; postspiracular lobe, subspiracular lobe, and surpedal lobe each with 7 to
9 tubercles in clusters (fig. 15).

Type.—U.S.N.M. type no. 21721, 2, from Meadow Valley, Mexico,
Townsend, collector.

Distribution.—The following are my confirmed records. MEXICO:
Erongaricamaro, Mich., 30-VI-30, 11-VII-30, 28-VI-30, pine; Uruapan,
Mich., larva coll. March 3, 1968, emgd. June 14, 1968, on Pinus monte-
zumae, Federico Islas S.

Hosts.—Pines, mainly from larval records, include: Pinus pseudo-
strobus chiapenis, P. montezumae, P. michoacana, P. tenuifolia, P.
oocarpa, P. leiophylla, and P. cembroides. (Islas, 1970).

Discussion.—The coloration is similar to that of townsendi, but in the
female of vallicola the head is reddish-brown and the markings of the
mesonotum are black, and, in the male, the clypeus, supraclypeal area,
thorax, and basal plates are black. The lancet of the female is distinc-
tive, having only 2 large teeth on the first annulus compared to about
10 teeth in townsendi. The structural features of the larva are also
similar to the larva of townsendi, except for fewer tubercles on the
annulets of the abdominal segments. The pale color of the larva will
easily separate it from the dark-colored larva of townsendi.

Olmedo (1932) and Lara and Ortiz (1969) discussed the biology of
this species. Z. vallicola is the only known species of Diprionidae from
Mexico. There are records of Neodiprion species in Mexico (Lara and
Ortiz, 1969; Islas, 1970), but I have not seen specimens to confirm

them.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 197

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I gratefully acknowledge the cooperation of R. C. Bechtel, Nevada Department
of Agriculture, Reno, for additional information on Z. rohweri, and W. E. Waters,
Chief of Forest Insect Research, U. S. Forest Service, Washington, D. C., and
Federico Islas S., Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Coyoacan,
Mexico, for supplying information on Z. vallicola. The specimens on which this
study is based are at the U. S. National Museum, Nevada Department of Agri-
culture, and Oregon State University.

REFERENCES

Burks, B.D. 1967. Symphyta. In Krombein, K. V. and B. D. Burks, Hymenop-
tera of America North of Mexico, Synoptic Catalog, 2nd Suppl, U.S. Dept.
Agr., Agr. Monog. No. 2, pp. 6—27.

Cockerell, T. D. A. 1898. New and little-known Hymenoptera taken by Prof.
C. H. T. Townsend and Mr. C. M. Barber in New Mexico in 1898. Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, 2:448—457.

Hernandez, O. I. 1930. Un tentredinido nocivo de los pinos en el estado de
Michoacan. Mexico Forestal 8:1-8.

Islas, F. 1970. Personal communication.

Lara, R. R. and M. T. Ortiz. 1969. Antecedentes, situacion, actual y
planteamiento para el estudio del defoliador de los pinos Zadiprion sp. en
Michoacan. Bosques 6(3):14—20.

Mendiolea, E. F. 1942. Plagas de las coniferas. Fitofilo 1:3-30.

Middleton, W. 1931. A new species of sawfly of the subgenus Zadiprion, with
a description of the male of N. (Z.) vallicola Roh., and a key to the species of
the subgenus. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 33:165-170.

Olmedo, I. H. 1932. El Tenthredinido Neodiprion vallicola Roh., plaga de los
pinos en el Estado de Michoacan, Mexico. Rev. Ent. 2:168—175.

Rohwer, S. A. 1912. Notes on sawflies, with descriptions of new species. Proc.
U.S. Nat. Mus. 43:205—251.

1918. New sawflies of the subfamily Diprioninae (Hym.). Proc.
Ent. Soc. Wash. 20:79-90.

Ross, H. H. 1937. A generic classification of the Nearctic sawflies (Hymenop-
tera: Symphyta). Univ. Il. Bull. 34(94):1-173.

Symphyta. In Muesebeck, C. F. W., et al., Hymenoptera of
America North of Mexico, Synoptic Catalog, U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. No.
2, pp. 4-89.

Swenk, M. H. 1911. A new sawfly enemy of the bull pine in Nebraska.
Twenty-fourth Annual Report of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station,
Lincoln, 33 pp.

198 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

NORTH AMERICAN DELTOCEPHALINE LEAFHOPPERS OF THE GENUS
AMPLICEPHALUS DeLONG WITH A NEW GENUS AND
NEW GENERIC COMBINATIONS
( HoMopTERA: CICADELLIDAE )

James P. KraMEr, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research
Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture

ABSTRACT—The North American species of Amplicephalus DeLong are re-
described, revised, and keyed. Three species, A. simplex (Van Duzee), A.
littoralis (Ball), and A. osborni (Van Duzee), previously assigned to Amplicephalus
and Lonatura nebulosa Ball comprise the genus. A new genus, Kansendria, is
erected for A. kansiensis (Tuthill). A. lawsoni (DeLong) is assigned to
Reventazonia Linnavuori, a genus previously known only from Neotropical
America. Arundanus duplus DeLong is reduced to a synonym of R. lawsoni
(DeLong). All critical diagnostic features are illustrated. New distributional
records and host plant data are included.

The genus Amplicephalus DeLong, last keyed and defined by Oman
(1949:111-119 and 178-179), belongs to a large group of deltocephaline
leafhoppers which share in common a linear connective solidly fused
to the base of the aedeagus. Study of the five North American species
listed by Oman (1949:179), as well as members of related genera, re-
vealed that only three species listed in Amplicephalus were actually
congeneric; and that a fourth species, Lonatura nebulosa Ball, also
belonged in this species cluster. One of the remaining species of
Amplicephalus, as listed by Oman, is assigned to Reventazonia Lin-
navuori, a Neotropical genus, and the other is assigned to a new genus.

Amplicephalus DeLong

Deltocephalus subgenus Amplicephalus DeLong, 1926c:83. Type-species: Delto-
cephalus osborni Van Duzee.

Small to moderately large deltocephaline leafhoppers (2.5-5.3 mm). Head wider
than pronotum, Anterior margin of head rounded to face. Clypeal suture distinct
or obscure. Ocelli close to eyes. Pronotum short or of moderate length. Forewings
long, extending well beyond apex of abdomen, exposing a portion of genital seg-
ment or much shortened, rounded apically, exposing up to four segments dorsally,
with or without extra crossveins in clavus. Male genitalia: valve small; plates sub-
triangular, small, spine-like setae uniseriate; pygofer strongly setose; aedeagus
rather short, stout, trough-like, notched apically on ventral margin, gonopore not
clearly delimited or only weakly so on dorsum. Pregenital sternum of female nar-
rowed distally and exposing underlying sclerites laterally. Color stramineous to
pale brown, usually with fuscus coronal markings.

' Mail address: c/o U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. 20560.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 199

Key to NortH AMERICAN SPECIES OF Amplicephalus

1. Aedeagus in lateral view avicephaliform apically (figs. 5, 9); style in dorsal

view with lateral lobe undeveloped (figs. 2, 7) ---.------------- 2
Aedeagus in lateral view not as above (figs. 15, 21); style in dorsal view
Withmlaterall lobevdeveloped| (figs; 12, 17) 2 ee 3

2. Anterior margin of crown with four black spots (fig. 1) — simplex (Van Duzee)
Anterior margin of crown unmarked or with pair of vague, elongate, sub-
triangular, apical pale brown spots (fig. 6) littoralis (Ball )
3. Aedeagus in dorsal view with cleft or notch on ventral margin broad and
deep (fig. 14), aedeagus in lateral view (fig. 15) subacute at apex
ct AO ead ads ee... osporni (Van. Duzee)
Aedeagus in dorsal view with cleft or notch on ventral margin comparatively
narrow and not deep (fig. 18), aedeagus in lateral view (fig. 21)
broadly rounded at apex — ree seat of 2 na ee nebulosus (Ball)

Amplicephalus simplex (Van Duzee)
(Figs. 1-5)

Deltocephalus simplex Van Duzee, 1892:304.

Athysanus simplarius Osborn and Ball, 1902:249.

Deltocephalus (Amplicephalus) simplex Van Duzee: DeLong, 1926c:83.
Amplicephalus simplarius (Osborn and Ball): Oman, 1949:179.

Length. Males 4.5-5.0 mm. Females 5.0-5.3 mm.

Structure. Crown in dorsal view (fig. 1) bluntly angular apically, interocular
width greater than median coronal length; head in lateral view slightly flattened
between eyes and convex anterior to eyes; clypeal suture distinct; forewings as
long as or longer than abdomen; inner anteapical cell closed basally, rarely open;
central anteapical cell divided, rarely undivided; outer anteapical cell normal to
elongate; without extra crossveins in clavus.

Coloration. Venter of abdomen, thorax, and legs pale greenish yellow to pale
brownish; abdominal and thoracic segments infuscated to entirely fuscus or black,
legs without definite markings or setal sockets and irregular areas fuscus; face
with clypeal arcs light brown to fuscus, area under antennal bases often fuscus;
crown, pronotum, and scutellum stramineous to yellowish green (fig. 1); only
distinct markings four fuscus to black spots along anterior margin of crown, apical
pair triangular, lateral pair usually elongate oval; forewings hyaline or subhyaline
with veins whitish to yellowish green.

Male genitalia. Aedeagus in lateral view (fig. 5) stout and broadly avicephali-
form at apex; apical portion of aedeagus in dorsal view (fig. 4) with notch on
ventral margin short and fairly wide; style in dorsal view (fig. 2) with mesal lobe
stout and moderately long, lateral lobe not developed; stylar lobes in lateral view
(fig. 3) with mesal lobe stout, subapical tooth on irregular ventral margin, lateral
lobe short and blunt.

Female genitalia. Posterior margin similar to that of littoralis, but portion on
each side of median lobe roundly produced (DeLong, 1926c:pl. 17, fig. 4b).

Records. The type locality is Canton Marsh, Maryland. My con-
firmed records: CONNECTICUT, Mystic; DELAWARE, Dover, Re-
hoboth; MARYLAND, Bay Ridge, Cape Anne, Canton Marsh, Chesa-

200 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

S ] |
simplex :

bia
peas eee

Figs. 1-5. Amplicephalus simplex (Van Duzee): 1, head and thoracic dorsum;
2, style in dorsal view; 3, apical Ate of style in lateral view; 4, apical portion
of aedeagus in dorsal view; 5, aedeagus and connective in lateral view.

peake Beach, Crisfield, Deale, Piney Point, MASSACHUSETTS, New
Bedford, Woods Hole; NEW JERSEY, Hoboken; NEW YORK, Astoria,
Staten Island; VIRGINIA, Cape Charles, Norfolk, Virginia Beach.

Notes. The host plant of simplex is saltmeadow cordgrass, Spartina
patens. Saltmeadow cordgrass is found coastally from Maine to Florida
and west to Texas in eastern North America. The leafhopper un-
doubtedly has the same distributional pattern.

Amplicephalus littoralis (Ball)
(Figs. 6-10)
Deltocephalus littoralis Ball, 1905:120.
Deltocephalus ( Laevicephalus )littoralis Ball: DeLong, 1926c:65.
Amplicephalus littoralis (Ball): Oman, 1949:179.
Length. Males 2.5-4.0 mm. Females 3.0—4.5 mm.
Structure. Crown in dorsal view (fig. 6) angular apically, interocular width

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 201

6

littoralis

‘e& Su

Figs. 6-10. Amplicephalus littoralis (Ball): 6, head and thoracic dorsum; 7,
style in dorsal view; 8, apical portion of aedeagus in dorsal view; 9, aedeagus and
connective in lateral view; 10, apical portion of style in lateral view.

greater than median coronal length; head in lateral view with crown flattened
between eyes and convex anterior to eyes; clypeal suture distinct; forewings long,
extending beyond abdomen, or somewhat shortened and exposing genital segment
and last abdominal segment; inner anteapical cell closed basally, rarely open; cen-
tral anteapical cell divided or not; outer anteapical cell normal to elongate, rarely
open distally; clavus rarely with few extra crossveins.

Coloration. Venter of abdomen, thorax, and legs stramineous; usually without
markings, setal sockets on legs and, at times, edges of abdominal segments darker;
face stramineous with clypeal arcs light brown; crown, pronotum, and scutellum
stramineous to pale yellowish green, usually unmarked (fig. 6); crown rarely with
a pair of vague triangular spots at apex and vague blotches on disc; forewings sub-
hyaline with veins whitish to pale yellowish green, rarely slightly fumose.

Male genitalia. Aedeagus in lateral view (fig. 9) with apex avicephaliform;
apical portion of aedeagus in dorsal view (fig. 8) with cleft on ventral margin
narrow and moderately deep; style in dorsal view (fig. 7) with mesal lobe stout
and moderately long, lateral lobe not developed; stylar lobes in lateral view (fig.
10) with mesal lobe curved, produced at middle on irregular ventral margin,
lateral lobe short and broad.

202 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

Female genitalia. Posterior margin of pregenital sternum with a distinct median
lobe, darkened on each side (DeLong, 1926c:pl. 15, fig. 3a).

Records. The type locality is Cape May, New Jersey. My confirmed
records: ALABAMA, Mobile; CONNECTICUT, Mystic; DELAWARE,
Dover; FLORIDA, Cedar Keys, Ft. Myers, Jacksonville, Key West,
Miami, Sanford, Sarasota, Tampa, Yankeetown; LOUISIANA, Buras;
MARYLAND, Annapolis, Cambridge, Crisfield, Deale, Piney Point;
MASSACHUSETTS, Woods Hole; MISSISSIPPI, Port Gibson, Ship
Island; NEW JERSEY, Anglesea, Cape May; NEW YORK, Sea Cliff,
Yaphank; SOUTH CAROLINA, Charleston; VIRGINIA, Norfolk,
Onley, Virginia Beach.

Notes. The host plant of littoralis is seashore saltgrass, Distichlis
spicata. Seashore saltgrass is found coastally from Nova Scotia to
Florida and west to Texas in eastern North America. The leafhopper
undoubtedly has the same distributional pattern.

Amplicephalus osborni (Van Duzee)
(Figs. 11-15)

Deltocephalus osborni Van Duzee, 1892:304.
Deltocephalus (Amplicephalus) osborni Van Duzee: DeLong, 1926c:83.
Amplicephalus osborni (Van Duzee): Oman, 1949:179.

Length. Males 4.6-5.0 mm. Females 5.0-6.0 mm.

Structure. Crown in dorsal view (fig. 11) bluntly angular apically, interocular
width greater than median coronal length; head in lateral view with crown flat-
tened between eyes and slightly convex anterior to eyes; clypeal suture obscure;
forewings long, extending beyond abdomen, or slightly shortened, exposing tip of
genital segment; inner anteapical cell closed basally, rarely open; central ante-
apical cell divided; outer anteapical cell normal to elongate; usually with some
extra crossveins in clavus.

Coloration. Variable; venter of abdomen, thorax, legs and face tawny yellow;
marked lightly to heavily with fuscus on edges of abdominal and thoracic segments,
setal sockets on legs, bands on femora, and sometimes elsewhere on legs; facial
markings light brown on clypeal arcs grading to heavily fuscus on clypeal arcs,
sutures, upper edges of genae, and central area of clypellus; crown, pronotum, and
scutellum tawny yellow, rarely unmarked, usually marked with light brown to
black (fig. 11); anterior coronal margin with two to six variably shaped narrow
spots, apical pair usually largest; discal coronal area with variable blotches, blotches
sometimes wanting; pronotum with six darkened longitudinal bands or stripes, bands
often obscure or wanting; scutellum usually darkened near anterior angles and at
middle; forewings tawny yellow subhyaline with edges of veins narrowly to rather
broadly infuscated.

Male genitalia. Aedeagus in lateral view (fig. 15) constricted near middle of
shaft to produce large cephalic area; apical portion of aedeagus in dorsal view (fig.
14) with cleft on ventral margin wide and deep; style in dorsal view (fig. 12)
with mesal lobe moderately long and stout, lateral lobe short and subacute; stylar
lobes in lateral view (fig. 13), mesal lobe hooked near apex and expanded near
middle on irregular ventral margin, lateral lobe short and blunt.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 203

osbornl

13

15

Figs. 11-15. Amplicephalus osborni (Van Duzee): 11, head and_ thoracic
dorsum; 12, style in dorsal view; 13, apical portion of style in lateral view; 14,
apical portion of aedeagus in dorsal view; 15, aedeagus and connective in lateral
view.

Female genitalia. Posterior margin of pregenital sternum more or less trilobed
with central lobe usually shorter and broader than lateral pair (DeLong, 1926c:

pl. 17, fig. 5b).

Records. The type locality is Lancaster, New York. My confirmed
records: COLORADO, Fort Collins, Greeley; ILLINOIS, Antioch,
Danville, Fox Lake, Volo; IOWA, Ames; KANSAS, Atchison Co., Doni-
phan Co., Douglas Co., Greenwood Co., Onaga, Topeka; MARYLAND,
Cambridge, College Park; MINNESOTA, Ramsey Co., Two Harbors;
NEBRASKA, Ruhling; NEW JERSEY, Burlington Co., Seabrook; NEW
YORK, Lancaster; NORTH CAROLINA, Raleigh; OKLAHOMA,
Watts; ONTARIO, Toronto; TENNESSEE, Knoxville; WISCONSIN,
Grand Rapids, Madison.

204 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

Notes. The exact host plant of this widespread species is not
known. DeLong (1948:101) reported osborni as a fresh water marsh
species in the Calmagrostis association. Others have reported this
species from grasses near borders of swampy or marshy areas. More
recent data show the host plant is probably a sedge, Carex sp.

Amplicephalus nebulosus (Ball), n. comb.
(Figs. 16-24 )

Lonatura nebulosa Ball, 1900: 341; Oman, 1949:176.

Deltocephalus sachalinensis Matsumura, 1915:168.

Deltocephalus nebulosus ( Ball): DeLong, 1926b:101.

Lonatura rotunda Beamer, 1939:26.

Endria rotunda ( Beamer): Oman, 1949:175; Beirne, 1956:113.

Endria nebulosa (Ball): Remane, 1961:73; Bei-Bienko, et al., 1967:508; Vilbaste,
1969:3.

Length. Males 3.5-4.0 mm. Females 3.9-4.6 mm.

Structure. Crown in dorsal view bluntly angular apically (fig. 16), crown broad;
head in lateral view with crown entirely convex, not flattened between eyes; ocelli
small; clypeal suture obscure; forewings longer than abdomen, often with extra
crossveins in claval areas, each appendix large, inner anteapical cells closed basally,
central anteapical cells divided, outer anteapical cells normal; or forewings much
shortened, rounded apically, exposing genital segment and three and partial fourth
abdominal segments, with or without extra crossveins in claval areas, each ap-
pendix and apical cells essentially vestigial, anteapical cells greatly shortened,
outer anteapical cells and distal half of central anteapical cells minute.

Coloration. Venter of abdomen, thorax, legs, and face pale yellowish brown; ab-
dominal segments and thorax unmarked or variably infuscated; legs with setal
sockets and some irregular banding fuscus; face without definite markings or
clypeal arcs vaguely darker grading to forms with clypeal arcs, spot above each
antennal base, all sutures, central portion of clypellus, irregular patches on and
upper edges of genae, fuscus; crown, pronotum, and scutellum (fig. 16) with
ground color of venter; anterior coronal margin with four distinct black spots be-
tween ocelli, central pair usually smaller and often subtriangular; coronal disc with
pair of subapical anterior transverse brownish dashes and two or four brownish
oblique spots or dashes posteriorly, dashes often poorly defined or absent; pro-
notum with four or six dark longitudinal bands or stripes, bands often vague or
obsolete; scutellum unmarked to fuscus on all angles; forewings hyaline or sub-
hyaline with veins sordid white or white, edges of veins not or only barely in-
fuscated in short winged forms, edges of veins in long winged forms usually dis-
tinctly infuscated in anteapical cells and claval areas.

Male genitalia. Aedeagus in lateral view (figs. 21, 23) short, stout, with broad
cephalic area; apical portion of aedeagus in dorsal view (fig. 18) with cleft on
ventral margin moderately wide and deep, gonopore poorly defined near apex;
style in dorsal view (fig. 17) with mesal lobe moderate in length and width;
lateral lobe short and broad; stylar lobes in lateral view (fig. 19) with tooth on
irregular ventral margin of mesal lobe, lateral lobe short and subacute.

Female genitalia. Posterior margin of pregenital sternum with lateral margins
broadly rounded and short wide tooth at middle (Remane, 1961:fig. 6).

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 205

nebulosus 18

19 20

Figs. 16-24. Amplicephalus nebulosus (Ball): 16, head and thoracic dorsum;
17, style in dorsal view; 18, apical portion of aedeagus in dorsal view; 19, apical
portion of style in lateral view; 20, distal portion of style in dorsal view; 21,
aedeagus in lateral view (Colorado ); 22, distal portion of aedeagus in lateral view;
23, aedeagus and connective in lateral view (Germany); 24, distal portion of
aedeagus in lateral view.

Records. The type locality is Fort Collins, Colorado. My confirmed
records: COLORADO, Fort Collins; MANITOBA, Birch River, Cowan,
Keld, Swan River; MINNESOTA, Two Harbors. I have also seen
specimens from southern Bavaria, Germany.

Notes. The host plant of this species in Europe is the wide-spread

206 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

Eurasian reedgrass, Calamagrostis epigejos, now well established in
North America. U.S. National Museum herbarium records report this
grass from New York, Ontario, Iowa, Kansas, South Dakota, North
Dakota, and Utah. There are no known host records for nebulosus in
North America. A. nebulosus is known in Eurasia from southern Ger-
many (Remane, 1961:73); Kursk Region of European U. S. S. R. ( Bei-
Bienko, et al, 1967:508); Kongo Mt., Korea and the island of Sakhalin
in Far Eastern U. S. S. R. ( Vilbaste, 1969:3).

Kansendria, n. gen.

Type-species: Polyamia kansiensis Tuthill.

Moderately large deltocephaline leafhoppers (4.5 mm or more). Head wider
than pronotum. Anterior margin of head rounded to face. Clypeal suture obscure
or absent. Pronotum of moderate length. Forewings long and extending much
beyond apex of abdomen, macropterous, usually with extra crossveins in clavus.
Male genitalia: valve large; plates subtriangular, elongate, as long as pygofer, with
submarginal spine-like setae uniseriate; pygofer strongly setose; aedeagus scaly,
elongate, decurved; gonopore terminal; aedeagus fused with linear connective.
Color stramineous or pale brownish with limited fuscus to black markings.

In Oman’s key to the genera of North American Deltocephalini
(1949:111-119), Kansendria will trace to couplet 127, Amplicephalus
DeLong. It can be separated from that genus on the basis of the
elongate, decurved, scaly aedeagus versus transverse or upturned non-
scaly aedeagus.

Kansendria kansiensis (Tuthill), mn. comb.
( Figs. 25-30 )

Polyamia kansiensis Tuthill, 1930:46.
Amplicephalus kansiensis (Tuthill); Oman, 1949:179.

Length. Male 4.5-4.8 mm. Female 5.0-5.3 mm.

Structure. Head in dorsal view (fig. 25) bluntly angular apically, ocelli close to
eyes; forewing with inner anteapical cell closed basally, central anteapical cell once
or twice divided, outer anteapical cell elongate and, at times, divided.

Coloration. Variable; venter of abdomen, thorax, legs, and face sordid stramin-
eous to pale brown, edges of abdominal segments and legs at times infuscated,
face without definite markings or with clypeal arcs, sutures, upper edges of genae,
lightly infuscated; crown, pronotum, and scutellum (fig. 25) with ground color of
venter, only distinct markings four fuscus marginal coronal spots between ocelli,
central pair smaller and sometimes faint; forewings yellowish to brownish sub-
hyaline, veins narrowly margined with fuscus, apical cells often darkened distally.

Male genitalia. Aedeagus in lateral view (fig. 29) slender, elongate, decurved,
apically enlarged, and longer than connective; aedeagal shaft (fig. 30) scaly;
aedeagal apex in dorsal view (fig. 28) with gonopore at base of crossed distal
forks; style in dorsal view (fig. 26) with mesal lobe narrowed basally and curved
slightly laterad; lateral lobe bluntly produced; stylar lobes in lateral view (fig. 27)

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 207

27

kansiensis

2D %

Figs. 25-30. Kansendria kansiensis (Tuthill): 25, head and thoracic dorsum;
26, style in dorsal view; 27, apical portion of style in lateral view; 28, apical por-
tion of aedeagus in dorsal view; 29, aedeagus and connective in lateral view; 30,
aedeagal shaft in lateral view.

with mesal lobe slightly hooked near apex on irregular ventral margin, lateral lobe
acute.

Female genitalia. Pregenital sternum of female (Tuthill, 1930:fig. 4b) elongate,
with median keel ending in a protruding, notched tooth on posterior margin, lateral
margins narrowing distally to expose underlying sclerites on each side.

Type. Female, Saline Co., Kansas, 13 July 1923, R. H. Beamer, in
Snow Entomological Collection, University of Kansas, Lawrence.

Records. The type locality is Saline Co., Kansas. My confirmed
records: KANSAS, Decatur Co., Douglas Co., Ellsworth Co., Meade
Co., Saline Co., Washington Co.

208 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

The unique aedeagus distinguishes kansiensis from all other North
American leafhoppers. Externally, it resembles paler forms of Endria
inimica (Say), but the genitalia of both sexes are of a different pattern.
Nothing is known of its food or host plants.

Reventazonia lawsoni (DeLong), n. comb.

(Figs. 31-38)

Deltocephalus lawsoni DeLong, 1926a:89.
Arundanus duplus DeLong, 1941:634. New synonymy.
Amplicephalus lawsoni (DeLong): Oman, 1949:179.

Length. Male 4.0-4.4 mm. Female 4.3-5.0 mm.

Structure. Crown produced beyond eyes and bluntly angular apically (fig. 31);
ocelli of moderate size and nearly touching eyes; crown in lateral view flattened
between eyes and convex anterior to eyes; forewings long and extending well
beyond apex of abdomen (males and some females) or with genital segment partly
exposed (some females); forewing with inner anteapical cell closed basally, rarely
open; central anteapical cell divided, rarely undivided; outer anteapical cell normal.

Coloration. Somewhat variable; venter of abdomen, thorax, legs, and face sordid
stramineous to pale brown; edges of abdominal segments usually infuscated, setal
sockets on legs darkened, at times with touches of fuscus elsewhere; face with
clypeal arcs, lateral edges of clypellus, and at times spot or spots on genae near
base of clypeus, fuscus; darkened clypeal arcs touch in upper portion only, central
portion of clypeus and clypellus usually unmarked; crown pronotum, and scutellum
(fig. 31) with ground color of venter; crown in well marked specimens with six
variable black spots along anterior margin, pair of black subapical spots, and two
pairs of light brown dashes on disc; pronotum with six variable brownish longi-
tudinal stripes; scutellum usually with pair of pale brown to black narrow longi-
tudinal stripes; forewings pale brown, subhyaline with edges of veins narrowly to
rather broadly infuscated; apical cells at times darkened distally.

Male genitalia. Male plates sharply triangular, concave laterally, about as long
as pygofer; aedeagus in lateral view (fig. 36-37) stout basally and broadly and
sharply upturned distally; distal portion of aedeagus in lateral view (fig. 38) with
hook on proximal margin; distal portion of aedeagus in posterior view (fig. 35)
with exceptionally large subapical gonopore; style in dorsal view (fig. 32) with
mesal lobe short and stout, lateral lobe broad and subacute; stylar lobes in lateral
view (fig. 34) with mesal lobe curved and lateral lobe subacute.

Female genitalia. Pregenital sternum narrowing distally and exposing under-
lying sclerites laterally, posterior margin more or less trilobed with central lobe
most clearly defined (DeLong, 1926a:fig. 3a).

Records. The type locality is Cherokee Co., Kansas. My confirmed
records: ALABAMA, Marion Junction; GEORGIA, Prattsburg; KAN-
SAS, Cherokee Co., Douglas Co., Garnett; MARYLAND, Beltsville,
Cambridge, Potomac, Sparrows Point; MISSISSIPPI, Fulton, Vicks-
burg; TEXAS, Victoria.

Notes. The host plant of lawsoni is eastern gamagrass, Tripsacum
dactyloides. Eastern gamagrass occurs from New York south to Florida,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 209

lawsonl 34

Figs. 31-38. Reventazonia lawsoni (DeLong): 31, head and thoracic dorsum;
32, style in dorsal view; 33, stylar lobes in dorsal view; 34, distal portion of style
in lateral view; 35, distal portion of aedeagus in posterior view; 36, aedeagus and
connective in lateral view (Maryland); 37, same (Kansas); 38, distal portion of
aedeagus in lateral view.

west to eastern Texas, and north to eastern Nebraska and southern
Iowa.

The genus Reventazonia Linnavuori (1959:138) was described to
include a single species, Reventazonia atrifrons Linnavuori, a Central
American deltocephaline. We do not known the host plant of the type-
species, but it could well prove to be a grass of the tribe Tripsaceae.
The male genitalia of our North American species, lawsoni, and the
Central American species, atrifrons, are similar, but atrifrons lacks the
proximal hook on the apical portion of the aedeagus. There are other
differences, too, which can best be seen by comparing figs. 36-37 and
fig. 53g (Linnavuori, 1959:139).

210 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

In Oman’s key to the genera of North American Deltocephalini
(1949:111-119), Reventazonia will trace to couplet 127, Amplicephalus
DeLong. It can be separated from that genus on the basis of a large
ventral subterminal gonopore versus an ill defined dorsal gonopore.

REFERENCES

Ball, E. D. 1900. Additions to the western Jassid fauna. Can. Ent. 32:337-347.
1905. Some new Homoptera from the South and Southwest. Proc.
Biol. Soc. Wash. 18:117—120.

Beamer, R. H. 1939. Four new species of leafhoppers and notes on two others
(Homoptera, Cicadellidae). J. Kansas Ent. Soc. 12:26—30.

Bei-Bienko, G. Y. et al. 1967. (English translation) Keys to the insects of the
European USSR. In keys to the fauna of the USSR (84). 1:1-1214.

Beirne, B. P. 1956. Leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) of Canada and
Alaska. Can. Ent. 88(supplement 2):1-180.

DeLong, D. M. 1926a. Three new species of Cicadellidae previously confused
with related species. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 52:89-92.

1926b. The genus Lonatura Osborn and Ball (Homoptera,
Cicadellidae). Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 52:93-102.

1926c. A monographic study of the North American species of
the genus Deltocephalus. Ohio State Univ. Studies 2(13):1-129.

1941. The genus Arundanus (Homoptera, Cicadellidae ) in North
America. Amer. Mid. Nat. 25:632-643.

1948. The leafhoppers, or Cicadellidae, of Illinois (Eurymelinae-
Balcluthinae ). Bull. Ill. Nat. Hist. Sur. 24(2):97-376.

Linnavuori, R. 1959. Revision of the Neotropical Deltocephalinae and some
related subfamilies (Homoptera). Ann. Zool. Soc. “Vanamo’ 20(1):1-370.
Matsumura, S. 1915. Neue Cicadinen Koreas. Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc.

5:154—-184.

Oman, P. W. 1949. The Nearctic leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). A
generic classification and check list. Mem. Wash. Ent. Soc. 3:1-253.

Osborn, H. and E. D. Ball. 1902. A review of the North American species of
Athysanus (Jassidae). Ohio Nat. 2:231-256.

Remane, R. 1961. Endria nebulosa (Ball), comb. nov. eine nearktische Zikade
in Deutschland (Hom. Cicadina, Jassidae). Bayerischen Ent. Nachr. 10(7 and
9):73-76, 90-98.

Tuthill, L. D. 1930. Four new species of the Deltocephalus group (Homoptera,
Cicadellidae). J. Kansas Ent. Soc. 3:44—47.

Van Duzee, E. P. 1892. <A synoptical arrangement of the genera of the North
American Jassidae, with descriptions of some new species. Trans. Amer. Ent.
Soc. 19:295-307.

Vilbaste, J. 1969. An some East-Asiatic leafhoppers described by Professor
S. Matsumura (Homoptera: Cicadinea: Iassidae). Ins. Mats. (supplement 6):
1-12.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 211

A NEW SPECIES OF PELMATOCERANDRA FROM A DIVING PETREL
(MALLOPHAGA: PHILOPTERIDAE )

K. C. Emerson, 2704 North Kensington Street, Arlington, Virginia 22207
and

Rocer D. Price, Department of Entomology, Fisheries, and Wildlife,
University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55101

ABSTRACT—Pelmatocerandra flinti, n. sp., is described and illustrated from
Pelecanoides magellani collected in Chile.

The genus Pelmatocerandra was erected by Enderlein (1909) for
Nirmus setosus Giebel, 1876, found on Pelecanoides urinatrix exsul
Salvin. Eichler (1949) described P. enderleini for the form found on
Pelecanoides georgica Murphy and Harper. Clay (1958) redescribed
and illustrated both of these species. We are describing and illustrating
herewith a third species, P. flinti, collected off Pelecanoides magellani
(Mathews).

Pelmatocerandra flinti, n. sp.

(Figs. 1-6)

Male.—External morphology and chaetotaxy as shown in fig. 4. Terminal ab-
dominal segments as in fig. 6. Genitalia as shown in fig. 5. Total length, 2.42 mm.

Female.—External morphology and chaetotaxy as shown in fig. 3. Terminal
abdominal segments as in fig. 1. Metasternal plate as shown in fig. 2. Total length,
2.60 mm.

Discussion.—This species is closest to P. setosa, but can be separated from it
by a number of characters. Abdominal tergal plates of both sexes are longer for
P. flinti than for P. setosa. The metasternal plate is narrow, as for P. setosa, but
with 2 medium-length setae at the posterior tip. Tergal plate of male abdominal
segment IX with 1-3-3-1 medium-length setae, all shorter than for P. setosa;
terminal abdominal sternal plate with a cluster of medium-length setae on each
side, each cluster with fewer setae than for P. enderleini and more than for P.
setosa. Male genitalia with 2 slender blades, each with evenly rounded distal tip;
these structures are pointed on the distal tip for P. enderleini, and longer and not
so broad for P. setosa. Genital plate of female terminal abdominal segments is not
distinctive in shape or chaetotaxy, but between the genital plate and the latero-
posterior margin of the body is a row of 7 setae on each side; in P. setosa and P.
enderleini there are 8 setae grouped 2-3-3 along the margin. Both sexes have a
distinctive head shape in that it is longer and narrower than for the other species,
and is without a noticeably expanded post-antennal region.

Type host.—Pelecanoides magellani (Mathews ).

Type material—Holotype male, allotype female, and 9 paratypes
collected off the type host at I. Desolacion, Pto. Churruca, Chile, on
5 October 1969 by O. S. Flint, Jr. The holotype and allotype will be

212 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

nao,
.

a

a

Figs. 1-6. Pelmatocerandra flinti, n. sp.: 1, female terminalia; 2, female meta-
sternal plate; 3, female; 4, male; 5, male genitalia; 6, male terminalia.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 213

deposited in the U. S. National Museum. Paratypes will be retained
by each author.
REFERENCES

Clay, T. 1958. A note on some Antarctic Mallophaga. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.
(Ser. 13) 1:250-256.

Eichler, W. 1949. Notulae Mallophagologicae. XV. Sturmvogel—Federlinge.
Rev. Brasil. Biol. 9:337-—347.

Enderlein, G. 1909. Die Insekten des antarktischen Gebietes. Dtsch. Siidpolar-
Exped. 1901-1903 10 (Zool. 2):361-528.

THE STATUS OF LASIODERMA CASTANEUM MELSHEIMER AND
DORCATOMA AFFINIS BOHEMAN
(COLEOPTERA: ANOBIIDAE )

Ricuarp E. Wuire, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research
Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture!

ABSTRACT—Two species names in Anobiidae have been largely overlooked
since their publication. Lasioderma castaneum Melsheimer is probably a synonym
of L. serricorne (Fab.). Dorcatoma affinis Boheman is likely a synonym of Caeno-
cara californicum Leconte.

While compiling a catalogue of the Anobiidae of North America, I
encountered two names which have been largely overlooked in Ameri-
can literature. My findings from working with these names and their
descriptions follow.

The name Lasioderma castaneum Melsheimer has received irregular
treatment since its proposal (Melsheimer, 1846), having been alter-
nately overlooked, and referred to in different works. It did not appear
in Crotch (1873). In Henshaw (1885) it was preceded by a question
mark in the synonymy of L. serricorne (Fab.). The name was not re-
ferred to in Fall’s revision of Anobiidae (Fall, 1905). In the Junk List
(Pic, 1912) the name was presented as valid and not a synonym. It
was listed in the synonymy of L. serricorne (Fab.) but preceded by
a question mark in Leng (1920). Comparison of the original descrip-
tion of L. castaneum (described from Pennsylvania) with specimens
of L. serricorne (Fab., 1792) shows very good agreement. The length
given for L. castaneum (1% lines, equals 2.62 mm) compares with the
length of 1.8 to 3.0 mm for L. serricorne, and is greater than the length
of any other known species of Lasioderma occurring in northeastern
United States. The antennal description (“serrated from the 3rd seg-

! Mail address: c/o U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. 20560.

214 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

ment, and with the 2nd and 3rd segments small”), applies especially
well. The only discrepancy that I find is the width given for L. cas-
taneum (‘2 line, about 1.06 mm). A specimen of L. serricorne measur-
ing 2.6 mm in length is 1.6 mm wide (about ™% line). I regard the
width given as probably an error, and feel that the agreement is so
good as to allow L. castaneum to be considered probably a synonym
of L. serricorne.

Since the original description of Dorcatoma affinis Boheman (1858)
the name has been largely overlooked by American workers. It does
not appear in Crotch (1873) nor in Henshaw (1885). It was not in-
cluded in Fall’s revision of Anobiidae (1905), but was in the Junk List
under Dorcatoma (Pic, 1912, p. 76) and also in the Leng List under
Dorcatoma (Leng, 1920, p. 244). Examination of the description
leaves no doubt as to the generic placement of the name. The refer-
ence to the eyes being nearly divided (“in duas partes fere divisi” )
assigns the name with certainty to the genus Caenocara, so I hereby
make the following change, Caenocara affine (Boheman), new com-
bination.

The locality of collection of C. affine (California, “St. Fransisco” )
makes affine very likely a synonym of C. californicum LeConte (1878).
The latter is the only species of Caenocara known from California.
There is little of value in the description of affine to allow it to be
recognized, but the length given for affine (1% mm) is within the
range of the length of californicum (1.5 to 1.9 mm). Though affine is
an older name than californicum, it cannot be used because it is pre-
occupied in Caenocara by C. affine (Sturm, 1837). C. affine will have
to be carried as probably a synonym of californicum, and should the
synonymy be established with certainty, C. californicum will remain
the correct name for the species.

REFERENCES

Boheman, C. H. 1858. Coleoptera. Species novas descripsit. In Kongliga
Svenska Fregatten Eugenies Resa Omkring . . . Zoologia. I. Insecta. Stockholm,
112 pp.

Crotch, G. R. 1873. Check list of the Coleoptera of America north of Mexico.
G. A. Bates, Salem, Mass. 136 pp.

Fabricius, J. C. 1792. Entomologia Systematica . . . Hafniae. vol. 1, pt. 1,
p. 1-330.

Fall, H. C. 1905. Revision of the Ptinidae of Boreal America. Trans. Amer.
Ent. Soc. 31:97—296.

Henshaw, S. 1885. List of the Coleoptera of America north of Mexico. Amer.
Ent. Soc., Philadelphia. 161 pp.

LeConte, J. L. 1878. Additional descriptions of new species. In Schwarz,
The Coleoptera of Florida. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 17:373-434.

Leng, C. W. 1920. Catalogue of the Coleoptera of America, north of Mexico.
Mt. Vernon. 470 pp.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 215

Melsheimer, F. E. 1846. Descriptions of new species of Coleoptera of the
United States. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 2:302-318.

Pic, M. 1912. Anobiidae. Pars 48. In Coleopterorum Catalogus, W. Junk,
Berlin. 92 pp.

Sturm, J. 1837. Duetschlands Fauna in Abbild . . . Nurnberg. vol. 12, 88 pp.

A NEW SPECIES OF DIORYCTRIA INFESTING LOBLOLLY PINE’ *
(LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE )

B. D. ScHaser® and F. E. Woop, Department of Entomology, University of
Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742

ABSTRACT—A new species of Pyralidae, Dioryctria taedae, injurious to
loblolly pine cones (Pinus taeda L.), is described. The known range of this
species is Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and
Georgia.

One of the phycitine moths destructive to the cones of loblolly pine
(Pinus taeda L.) in Maryland, North Carolina, and Georgia is deter-
mined in the literature as Dioryctria zimmermani (Grote) (Neunzig,
Cashatt and Matuza, 1964, 1964b; Coulson and Franklin, 1964; CEIR,
1964). Specimens of Dioryctria infesting loblolly pine cones in those
states however, cannot be assigned to D. zimmermani. Evidence from
morphological and biological studies show that those specimens rep-
resent a new species which is described below, along with a key to the
species of Dioryctria infesting pine trees in the Atlantic coastal states.

Dioryctria taedae, n. sp.

Holotype, male: length 14 mm, length of fore wing 12 mm; head grey; palpi
darker, upturned beyond vertex; antennae light brown, first 8 segments each with
a dorsal black, thorn-like spine, more or less concealed by rough scales; collar
fuscous; ruff grey; thorax grey above, with silver luster, flecked with darker scales;
abdominal segments grey anteriorly, a band of creamy white scales posteriorly
with black spots on first 2 abdominal segments; white scales predominant on
venter of abdominal segments 1 through 7 and grey on segments 8, 9, and 10;
femora speckled with dark and white scales; middle and hind tibiae dark with 3
ivory bands; fore tibiae without spurs; mid tibiae with 2 apical spurs; hind tibiae
with 2 medial and 2 apical spurs; tarsal segments grey basally, ringed with white
scales apically.

' Scientific Article No. A1670, contribution No. 4420 of the Maryland Agricul-
tural Experiment Station, Department of Entomology.

“Immediate publication secured by full payment of page charges —KEditor.

3 Present address: B. D. Schaber, Department of Entomology, South Dakota
State University, Brooking, South Dakota 57006.

216 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

Fore wing above with a ridge of raised scales preceding the antemedial line
(subbasal) and 1 following the antemedial line, and some raised scaling of the
discal spot and outer median area including the subterminal line; ground color
very dark brown; scales of the transverse lines, discal spot, blotch following the
antemedial line, blotch near inner margin of subterminal line on posterior half of
wing, and a pale area just within terminal margin grey; basal, medial, and terminal
areas shaded with dark rust colored scales, more apparent between subbasal scale
ridge and antemedial line, and between antemedial and subterminal ridge; sub-
basal ridge black, antemedial ridge greyish, flecked with reddish scales; subterminal
ridge greyish; black scaling limited to thin borders of transverse lines, spot at
extreme base of forewing, and terminal line; transverse lines prominent, antemedial
transverse line bidentate, subterminal transverse line dentate before middle; fringe
grey, scales tipped with white. Fore wing below, anterior 1% lighter, rest of wing
darker, anterior margin almost white nearly to apex. Hind wing above, smoky-grey
with a fumose border along terminal margin, fading towards base, and with a
narrow dark line along termens. Hind wing below, dark along anterior margin
and along most of terminal margin; fringe silvery-grey with an even dark grey
band near scale bases.

Male genitalia with uncus slightly longer than broad (fig. 1), lateral margins
recurved toward center; terminal margin rounded; valves with costa broadly
sclerotized, terminating in a long curved pointed hook, with a short spine issuing
from its lower outer margin; process on inner face of valve digitate; arms of annellus
long, curved and flat with several small spines at apex, and 2 spines down the
inner margin; transtilla present; cucullus narrow, pointed at apex and ending just
beyond the point of spine; aedeagus (fig. 2) with posterior linear spine cluster and
2 other small spine clusters just preceding a long, narrow, straight, pointed anterior
spine, spine terminating at lst small cluster of spines.

Allotype, female: same as male but with more reddish ground color on dorsal
fore wing; hind wing dorsally with much darker and broader border along terminal
margin; both wings darker below.

The female genitalia (fig. 3). Ductus bursae ribbon-like and sclerotized for its
entire length except for a small area preceding the genital opening; constricted
behind middle, longitudinally ribbed, narrowing, and terminating in a produced,
weakly trilobed, almost rounded central projection; broadening anteriorly and bent
toward bursa; bursa with the spine cluster closely grouped.

Types: Holotype: National Museum of Natural History Type No.
71372. Male, Maryland, St. Marys Co., 2 mi E. of Scotland, 0.3 mi S.
off Mur-Ray Rd., IX-19-69, B. D. Schaber, cone of P. taeda, Em. XI-
05-69; male genitalia on slide S9-1969-7 B.D.S. 1969. Allotype: female,
Maryland, St. Marys Co., 2 mi E. of Scotland, 0.3 mi S. off of Mur-Ray
Rd., IX-18-1969, B. D. Schaber, cone of P. taeda, emerged XI-11-69;
female genitalia on slide S9-1969-6 B.D.S. 1969. Paratypes: female
and male, Delaware, Sussex Co., 7 mi E. of Bridgeville, 0.8 mi E. of
Cokesbury Church, VIII-27-1969, B. D. Schaber, cones of P. taeda, Em.
VIII-28-69, Em. IX-1-68; female, Maryland; Somerset Co., Marion, VII-
1-1968, B. D. Schaber, cone of P. taeda, Em. VIII-9-68; male, Somerset
Co., 0.75 mi S. of Emanuel Church, VI-25-1967, B. D. Schaber, Em.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 217

1

Figs. 1-2. Dioryctria taedae, n. sp., male genitalia: 1, uncus with lateral mar-
gins; 2, aedeagus.

VIII-12-68, male genitalia on slide $2-2069-7, B.D.S. 1969; female, St.
Marys Co., 2 mi E. of Scotland, 0.3 mi S. off of Mur-Ray Rd., [X-19-
1969, B. D. Schaber, cone of P. taeda, Em. X-19-69, B. D. Schaber;
female, Wicomico Co., 1.5 mi N. of Whitehaven, VII-18-1968, B. D.
Schaber, terminal of P. taeda, Em. VIII-21-68. The above holotype,
allotype and paratypes are in the U. S. National Museum, Washington,

Paratypes in the Canadian National Collection, Ottawa, Canada:
male, Maryland: Somerset Co., 1 mi S. Kingston, behind Moores

218 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

Chapel, IX-24-1969, B. D. Schaber, cone of P. taeda, Em. X-28-69; 2
females, 1 male, Wicomico Co., 1.5 mi N. of Whitehaven, VII-11-1968,
B. D. Schaber, cones of P. taeda, Em. Aug. 26, 27, 29, 1968; female,
Worcester Co., reared-cones-lab., Aug. 23, 1966, F. E. Wood, female
genitalia on slide $1-368-7, B.D.S. 1968; male, Worcester Co., Snow
Hill, 4 mi N. % mi E. VII-31-1969, B. D. Schaber, cones of P. taeda,
Em. VII-18-69.

Paratypes in British Museum (N. H.), London, England: male, Dela-
ware, Sussex Co., 7 mi E. Bridgeville, 0.18 mi E. Cokesbury Church,
VIII-28-1969, B. D. Schaber, cone of P. taeda, Em. X-6-69. Female,
same locality, Em. X-7-69, cone of P. taeda.

Additional Material Examined: Delaware: Sussex Co., Bridgeville,
August 26, 28, 1969, from cones of P. taeda. Maryland: Somerset Co.,
Allen, August 7, 1968 from cones of P. taeda; Champ, July 10 and 13,
1967 from cones of P. taeda; Emanuel Church, June 28, 1968 from
cones of P. taeda; Marion, July 1, 1968 from cones of P. taeda; 1 mi S.
Kingston, behind Moores Chapel, September 24, 1969, from cones of
P. taeda; Princess Anne, June 30, July 1967, from cones of P. taeda;
Rehobeth, August 1, 1967, from cones of P. taeda; St. Marys Co., Scot-
land, September 18 and 19, 1969, from cones of P. taeda; Wicomico
Co.: Quantico, September 24, 1964; Salisbury, August 27, 1964; White-
haven, July 11 and 18, 1968, from cones and from terminals of P. taeda;
Willards, August 27, 1964; Worcester Co., Snow Hill, November 4,
1965, February 11, 1966, July 23, 1966, July 28, 1966, September 15,
1966, November 5, 1966, November 10, 1966. Virginia: King and Queen
Co., August 14, 1941, from cones of P. taeda; Princess Anne Co., Cape
Henry, June 9, 1927. North Carolina: Lenoir Co., Kinston, June 8 and
9, 1960, from cones of P. taeda; Onslow Co., Richland, August 17, 1960,
from cones of P. taeda and P. echinata Mill. Specimens deposited in
U. S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. Georgia: Bibb Co., Coll.
2-IV-68, Macon, Ga., R. N. Coulson, Em. 29-V-68, Ex. fusiform canker
(Lob.); Clark Co., Coll. 1-IV-68, Athens, Ga., R. N. Coulson, Em. 7-
V-68, Ex. fusiform canker (Lob.); Green Co., Coll. 20-IV-66, Green
Co., Ga., R. N. Coulson, Ex. Shortleaf, Sec. Yr. Cone, Em. 27-VII-66;
Coll. 6-6-67, Green Co., Ga., R. N. Coulson, from Lob. Sec. Yr. Cone,
Em. 9-10-67. Specimens in University of Georgia Collection.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF Dioryetria INFESTING PINE TREES IN THE ATLANTIC
CoastTAL STATES

la. Fore wings yellow and orange — _........ D. diselusa Heinrich
lb. Fore wings grey, sometimes mottled with brown —-..--..- »
=>

Fig. 3. Dioryctria taedae, n. sp., female genitalia.

219

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, No. 2, JUNE, 1971

220 PROG. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

2a. Fore wings with two crossbands each lighter than ground color of wing 3
2b. Fore wings with one light crossband distally and a broad blackish band
proximally 22a eeee 2 = _~«©Dcelarioralis, (Walker)
3a. Fore wings bluish grey, ‘Tbe 3 or antic Sugiine basally, all wing scales
SOON et __... D. abietivorella (Grote )
3b. Fore wings dis Bactity anottiled! ean ao ipsam, dark not white basally,
some patches of raised scales usually present —_____________________ 4

4a. Fore wings reddish brown basally, hind wings almost white —
Phi fT Aton oh et _. D. zimmermani (Grote)

4b. Fore wings fe Ibert basally, hind wings tan Nee Bree ae Mes eA 5
5a. Fore wings with crossbands very bright white — _D. amatella (Hulst)
5b. Fore wings with crossbands grey — D. taedae Schaber and Wood

The male differs from the female in having the raised scales and
spines on the Ist 8 segments of each antenna. The hind wing of the
male has a distinct black border. The hind wing of the female is
darker with a very wide dark border. The terminal segment of the
male abdomen has tufts, while the terminal segment of the female
abdomen has a ring of long fine scales.

The genitalia of other North American species of Dioryctria, such as,
D. zimmermani, D. amatella, D. albovittella, D. cambiicola, are ap-
parently identical or at least very similar (Heinrich, 1956). According
to Mutuura et al. (1969a) the genitalia of D. tumicolella (Mutuura,
Munroe, Ross) and D. cambiicola (Dyar) are the same or at least very
similar. Likewise, the genitalia of D. contortella (Mutuura et al.), D.
monticocella (Mutuura et al.) and D. banksiella (Mutuura et al.) are
very similar (Mutuura et al., 1969a). These genitalic similarities then,
necessitate more weight being placed on other morphological char-
acters, geographic ranges, and biologies.

When the wing coloration of the 3 following species are compared,
it is noted that specimens of D. zimmermani exhibit reddish scales
dorsally at the base of the fore wings. The transverse lines are a dark
grey as are other of the lighter maculations. The hind wings of D.
zimmermani are nearly white, only slightly tan around the edges, and
with a very narrow brown border. The fore wings of D. taedae dor-
sally exhibit a ground color of grey brown. Reddish scales fleck the
fore wings of D. taedae but they are not concentrated at the wing
base. The transverse lines and other maculations are a light grey and
the hind wings are light smoky grey medially with a broad dark grey
marginal border becoming lighter toward the center of the wing. In
both species, D. zimmermani and D. taedae, the fore wings below are
a very dark, nearly uniform grey. The hind wings below reflect the
dorsal coloration. D. amatella is distinct from both of the above spe-
cies, in that it has bright white transverse bands and discal spots on
the fore wings. The hind wings are smoky grey with a dark grey border

Fig. 4. Range of loblolly pine east of the Mississippi River and collection sites
of Dioryctria taedae, n. sp.

narrower than the border of D. taedae. Below, the front wings of D.
amatella are brownish.

Specimens determined as D. zimmermani in North Carolina and
Georgia have been questioned on biological grounds by Neunzig,
Cashatt and Matuza (1964), Neunzig, Rabb and Merkel (1964), Neunzig
and Merkel (1967), and Coulson and Franklin (1968).

Classically tree damage by D. zimmermani has consisted of tun-
neling in the cambium of trunks and branches (Heinrich, 1956; Ren-
nels, 1960; Schuder, 1960). Conversely in Delaware, Maryland, Vir-
ginia, North Carolina and Georgia, Dioryctria damage to loblolly pine

222, PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

has been limited to infestations of cones and tunneling in terminals by
young larvae. Only one instance of boring in bark has been recorded
in Georgia. Other species of trees where D. taedae infested cones in
very limited numbers are pond pine, Pinus seratina Michx. (Maryland)
and shortleaf pine, Pinus echinata (Georgia, Franklin and Coulson,
1968).

Polivka and Houser (1936) compared tip moth infestations in pitch
pine, shortleaf pine, ponderosa pine and loblolly pines in Ohio. The
first two species were investigated in both native stands and in plant-
ings; the latter two only in plantings. The species of moths observed
were the Zimmerman “Tip Moth,” the Nantucket Tip Moth and the
Comstock Tip Moth. Interestingly, there was no infestation of intro-
duced loblolly pine or ponderosa pine by D. zimmermani indicating
that the larvae of that species do not infest the terminals of those two
pine species planted within its range.

The range of D. taedae (fig. 4) is from southern Delaware, the
Maryland-Virginia peninsula, southern Maryland, Virginia, North
Carolina to Georgia.

Heinrich (1956) in discussing a western species, D. cambiicola
(Dyar), with genitalia similar to D. amatella, D. taedae and D. zimmer-
mani commented that Dyar noted in his original description, an eastern
specimen (presumably from Washington, D.C.) reared from a cone of
Pinus taeda, Aug. 14, 1882. Heinrich further states “I have also be-
fore me a similar female from Cape Henry, reared June 9, 1927. I
suspect that both these examples may be hybrids of zimmermani and
amatella.” The specimens to which Heinrich refers have been seen and
determined as D. taedae.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We wish to thank W. E. Bickley, Department of Entomology, University of
Maryland, W. D. Duckworth, U. S. National Museum, D. C. Ferguson, U. S.
Department of Agriculture, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, and E. P. Merkel,
U. S. Department of Agriculture, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station for their
interest and counsel, and J. Geesaman, R. Murray and R. Whitney, Maryland
Department of Forests and Parks for their interest, time and effort in helping
locate and collect infested loblolly pinecones.

We would also like to express our gratitude to the following people for speci-
mens of Dioryctria loaned for this study. R. N. Coulson, University of Georgia,
W. D. Duckworth, U.S.N.M., F. E. Kurczewski, Syracuse University, W. J. Matt-
son, North Central Forest Experiment Station, St. Paul, Minn., E. P. Merkel,
Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, Olustee, Florida, and L. L. Pechuman,
Cornell University.

REFERENCES

Cooperative Economic Insect Report, U.S.D.A. 1964. 14(51):1294.
Coulson, Robert N. and Rudolph T. Franklin. 1968. Insects affecting seed

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 223

production of shortleaf pine in the Georgia Piedmont. Can. Ent. 100(7):807—
812.

Heinrich, Carl. 1956. American moths of the sub-family Phycitinae. U.S.
Nat. Mus. Bull. 207:1-581.

Mutuura, Akira, Eugene Monroe and D. A. Ross. 1969a. American species
of Dioryctria (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) I. Western Canadian species of the
zimmermani group. Can. Ent. 101(10):1009-1023.

1969b. American species of Dioryctria (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
II. Western Canadian species of the baumhoferi and ponderosae groups. Can.
Ent. 101(10):1042-1047.

Neunzig, H. H., E. D. Cashatt and G. A. Matuza. 1964. Observations on the
biology of four species of Dioryctria in North Carolina (Lepidoptera: Phycitidae).
Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 57(3):317-321.

, R. L. Rabb and E. P. Merkel. 1964. Larvae of the genus Dioryctria
(Lepidoptera: Phycitidae) in the southeastern United States. Ann. Ent. Soc.
Amer. 57(6):693-700.

and E. P. Merkel. 1967. Taxonomic study of the pupae of the
genus Dioryctria in southeastern United States (Lepidoptera, Phycitidae). Ann.
Ent. Soc. Amer. 60( 4) :801-808.

Polivka, J. B. and J. S. Houser. 1936. Pine-tip moths of southern Ohio. J.
Econ. Ent. 29(3) :494—497.

Rennels, R. G. 1960. The Zimmerman pine moth. Univ. Illinois Bull. 660:1—39.

Schuder, D. L. 1960. The Zimmerman pine moth. Purdue Univ. Agr. Exp.
Sta. Res. Bull. 698:1-8.

TWO MITES AND THEIR INSECT HOSTS FROM SAN MATEO COUNTY,
CALIFORNIA
(ACARINA: SCUTACARIDAE, UROPODIDAE )

During routine examination of light trap collections from San Mateo County,
California, two insect specimens were found to have attached mites.

From a trap at San Carlos, California, a single male halictid, Lasioglossum titusi
(Crawford), a ground nesting, solitary, pollen collecting bee was found which
carried five mites, Scutacaridae, Imparipes sp., clustered ventrally at the base of
the abdomen. Little information is known about this family especially this genus.
Sweetman (The Principles of Biological Control, 1963) referred to the family
Scutacaridae as being composed largely of mites predaceous or parasitic on
arthropods.

A light trap collection from San Mateo, California, contained a single male
staphylinid, Philonthus longicornis Stephens. Three immature mites, Uropodidae,
were attached ventrally at the base of the abdomen. Sweetman stated that this
family was often associated with arthropods.

We wish to thank Dr. E. W. Baker, Agricultural Research Service, United States
Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., for identification of the mite
specimens, Dr. Gerald I. Stage, Smithsonian Institution, United States National
Museum, Washington, D. C., for determination of the male halictid, and Dr. M. V.
Miller, 57 Arlena Terrace, Ramsey, N. J., for identification of the male staphylinid.
—R. H. Wuirset and R. F. SCHOEPPNER, San Mateo County Mosquito Abatement
District, 1350 North Carolan Avenue, Burlingame, California 94010.

224 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

KEY TO THE NEW WORLD CREMASTOCHEILINI, WITH NOTES AND

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS
(COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE )

Henry F. Hownen, Biology Department, Carleton University, Ottawa

ABSTRACT—Paracyclidius bennetti, n. gen., n. sp. is described from Mayaro,
Trinidad, and is included in a key to the New World genera of Cremastocheilini.
Nomenclature and relationships in the tribe are briefly discussed and a lectotype
for Lissomelas flohri Bates is designated.

The New World tribe, Cremastocheilini, is currently divided into
eight genera, four of these, Uloptera Burmeister, Lissomelas Bates,
Psilocnemis Burmeister, and Paracyclidius, n. gen. being monotypic.
The other genera all contain six or more species, with the largest genus,
Cremastocheilus Knoch, being divided into several subgenera. Three
of the eight cremastocheiline genera have never been included in a key
relating them to the other New World genera, and one of the purposes
of this paper is to rectify this. I have not seen examples of Uloptera,
the characters mentioned being from Burmeister’s original description
(1842). The characters of the North American genera, including illus-
trations of the genitalia, have been discussed by Cazier (1938, 1940),
and a key to the North American species has been published by Potts
(1945).

Biological information on the New World members of the tribe is
scanty. Genuchinus Westwood has been collected in bromeliads in
Mexico and in sotol, Dasylirion Wheeleri Wats., in Arizona. The only
genus in which the behavior of some species have been carefully studied
is Cremastocheilus. Cazier and Mortenson (1965) have done much of
this work, including in their paper a summary of all of the biological
information available for the genus. Specimens in many of the genera
have been collected largely by “chance” and are poorly represented in
collections.

Nomenclatorially there has been confusion in the spelling of Crema-
stocheilus (vs. Cremastochilus) and in the usage of two subgeneric
names proposed by Mann (1914). Cremastocheilus Knoch (1801) was
emended by Burmeister and Schaum (1840) to Cremastochilus. Sub-
sequent usage has been irregular, the majority of recent papers utilizing
the original spelling as recommended in the “International Code of
Zoological Nomenclature.” In 1914 Mann proposed Myrmecotonus as
a subgenus of Cremastocheilus with C. knochii LeConte as the type.
Subsequently a printed correction slip was sent out by the journal
which stated: “For Myrmecotonus read “Myrmeceicon’ page 179 and
180.” No explanation for this change was given, but one or both names

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 225

have since been cited as valid subgenera. Since Myrmecotonus is not
preoccupied and since Myrmeceicon does not seem to be an emendation
of spelling, the proposal of Myrmeceicon is invalid. Taxonomically
Myrmecotonus is a rather poorly defined subgenus but, for complete-
ness, is included in the subsequent key.

Lissomelas Bates (1889, p. 376) was described from a series taken
at Ventanas (= Villa Corona) in Durango, Mexico, by Hoge and from
Mexico City by Flohr. No type was selected by Bates and in order to
avoid any possibility of confusion I hereby designate a male labeled
“Ventanas, Durango, Hoge, Lissomelas flohri Bates é [handwritten],
B.C.A. Col., II (2) Lissomelas flohri.” and with my label as lectotype.
The specimen is in the British Museum (Natural History).

Key TO THE GENERA AND SUBGENERA OF NEW Wor.LpD CREMASTOCHEILINI

1. Posterior pronotal angles rounded, unmodified; anterior pronotal angles
lackinesindentation) at inner-ed ges: 2. 5
Posterior pronotal angles spinose, acute, or with a deep groove and a knob-
like protrusion; anterior angles acute with a deep inner groove usually
containing a dense mat of setae. North America north of Isthmus of

Tehuantepec. MD ot iy Cremastocheilus Knoch 2
2. Fore tarsi with terminal segments not enlarged or twisted; vertex lacking a
distinct carina on each side above eyes —_ a 3

Fore tarsi with terminal two segments sangeienouees callencedl sui igen
vertex with a distinct longitudinal carina above each eye. Arizona,

@allifiormiat ride vo Vales: 2s ee et subgenus Macropodina Casey
3. Modified spines or knobs of hind pronotal angles not extending forward
Terorsmore of length of pronotum: (fig: 1) 22 25) 2 et ee ee 4

Modified posterior angles of pronotum with inner margin raised and
extending forward onto disc, often dividing pronotal disc longitudinally
into three unequal thirds (fig. 2). Mexico north to California and
INebraskat 2202 pestiues ae ranrisee Giearled NPN 3 « subgenus Trinodia Casey

4. Posterior edge of mentum medially acutely angulate to abruptly rounded.
Mexico and northward, largely west of Mississippi River
ot 2 109 tah aM id EL) coe ee _ subgenus Myrmecotonus Mann

Posterior edge of mentum medially faintly to deeply notched. United
States and Canada largely east of Mississippi River =
otlcaed TRIS Nahe CaM leet See ees ae eee _.. subgenus Greniastocheilus Knoch

5. Pronotal dise convex, sometimes irregularly so, but never with distinctly
delimited fossae; anterior clypeal margin distinctly reflexed ~~ ete 6

Pronotal disc with eleven distinctly delimited fossae, the surface of the
fossae with arcuate rugae, surface between fossae smooth; anterior
clypeal margin only slightly reflexed, broadly emarginate. French
RG cure cle) Seren eee ee ES 8 A OR eee Uloptera Burmeister

6. All tarsal segments smooth, punctate or tivesulallyy sculptured, but never
with numerous, evenly spaced, longitudinal carinae; dorsal surface
usually punctate or with head rugose or distinctly punctate — 7

All tarsal segments with numerous, evenly spaced, longitudinal carinae;

dorsal surface (fig. 8) smooth, head sometimes faintly punctate be:

226 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

tween eyes and vaguely tuberculate near clypeal margin. Western
Mexico, Arizona i-52 2 AN Bek By ol Se Ee! Lissomelas Bates

7. Antennal scape nearly flat or convex, surface finely to heavily punctate or

rugose; dorsal surface usually partly opaque or, if shining, with white
Cretaceous markings) SS. a) ee Sk ee ee eee 8

Antennal scape concave, surface smooth and shining; dorsal surface shining,

smooth between shallow, discrete punctures; punctures usually separated

by more than their diameters. Southeastern United States; also reported

from! Mexico #2450 Nae Ss Lee al ae BR _._ Psiloenemis Burmeister
8. Pronotal surface smooth or finely punctate. Body size large, 20 to 30 mm;
cretaceous markings lacking —. $29, 183 tell ee Dae 9

Pronotal surface distinctly punctate, body slender, size small to moderate,
9 to 15 mm; cretaceous markings usually present. South America north
tOgATIZON ate erat a eee he Rees Oe heen ee geen Genuchinus Westwood
9. Anterior margin of clypeus bituberculate or with horn (figs. 5, 6) pronotum
with lateral marginal bead; fore femur with anterior margin at apical
third adjacent to tibia excavate to receive tibial tooth (fig. 5). South
JANSOOY STAC Vg suse Uh Caan nee see es a anemone eds eee Le Cyeclidius MacLeay
Anterior margin of clypeus evenly arcuate (Fig. 7); pronotum lacking
marginal bead; fore femur not excavate at apical third (fig. 3).
pierinidadt) =e ere serene sate Oe tis Se ae ere ee Paracyclidius, n. gen.

Paracyclidius, n. gen.
Type-species: Paracyclidius bennetti, n. sp., monotypic.

Size large, 23 mm. Head with reflexed portion of clypeus extending approxi-
mately 0.3 mm above posterior surface; reflexed portion evenly arcuate; anterior
clypeal edge slightly convex, nearly perpendicular, approximately 0.8 mm_ thick;
surface finely rugose; lower margin faintly sinuate. Surface of head behind re-
flexed clypeus coarsely reticulate; frons and posterior of vertex moderately tumid;
no carinae or ridges present. Antenna 10-segmented; 3-segmented club 1.5 mm in
length, outer surface of terminal segment with scattered, erect setae; scape large,
triangular, 2 mm from base to apex; outer surface slightly convex from base to
apex, shallowly punctate-rugose. Mentum largely concealing mouthparts; mentum
shallowly concave in central four-fifths, then rounded and slightly convex to mar-
gins; posterior margin broadly V-shaped, its apex rounded, not thickened or per-
pendicular as in Cyclidius; surface of mentum finely tuberculate, near margins
finely strigose. Pronotum somewhat orbicular except near and between anterior
angles; marginal bead lacking; surface finely granulate, very dull, with scattered
indistinct shallow punctures. Scutellum large, acutely pointed posteriorly; surface
basally punctate, shining; apical three-fourths granular, dull, punctate, margins
proximal to elytra delimited by a shining band of elongate punctures or strigae;
surface of scutellum distinctly below plane of elytra. Elytra similar to those of
Cyclidius, apical swellings vague; surface completely dull, granular; striae lacking,
four intervals indicated by bands of shallow, faintly shining punctures; elytral disc
evenly rounded to lateral and apical margins. Pygidium very convex, basal fourth
granular, remainder shining, entire surface with scattered, coarse punctures. Ven-
tral surfaces shining, prosternum strigose, coxal cavities closed; mesosternum with
numerous small punctures; metasternum shallowly indented along midline, surface
laterally with scattered, shallow crescentic punctures. Abdomen with six visible

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 227

3 . 4

Sosa ee SS Se

Fig. 1. Cremastocheilus armatus Walker, pronotum. Fig. 2. C. (Trinodia)
planipes Horn, pronotum. Figs. 3-4. Paracyclidius bennetti, n. gen., n. sp.: 3,
fore femur and tibia; 4, parameres of male genitalia.

sternites; the penultimate sternite with lateral, oval indentations; apical spiracle
not elevated above surface. Legs not greatly modified; fore femur (fig. 3) with
anterior margin straight or nearly so; fore tibia (fig. 3) lacking distinct tooth
medially on inner margin; basal four tarsal segments of fore leg approximately as
long as or slightly longer than wide, not distinctly wider than long; tarsal surfaces
smooth, not noticeably ridged or punctate; tarsal claws simple, stout.

The genus Paracyclidius is most closely related to Cyclidius, from
which it can be distinguished by the following differences; dorsal
clypeal margin arcuate, not bidentate or horned as in Cyclidius; pro-
notum lacking a distinct lateral bead; fore tibia and femur as in fig. 3;
terminal abdominal spiracle not elevated; fore tarsi with segments one
to four as long as wide, not wider than long as in Cyclidius. The char-
acters given in the generic key further distinguish the genus.

Paracyclidius bennetti, n. sp.
(Figs. 3, 4, 7)

Holotype. Male, length 23 mm, greatest width 10 mm. Shape as in fig. 7.
Colour black, dorsally dull, ventrally shining. Head and vertex rugose or confluently

228 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

Figs. 5-8. Dorsal views of: 5, Cyclidius nero MacLeay; 6, C. elongatus ( Oliv.);
7, Paracyclidius bennetti, n. gen., s. sp.; 8, Lissomelas flohri Bates.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 229

punctate, the raised lines largely transverse medially, longitudinal laterally near
antennal insertions. Pronotal surface distinctly granular, not dull as in Cyclidius
elongatus (Oliv.); pronotal punctures inconspicuous, numerous and evenly spaced,
separated by two to three diameters. Scutellum with dull, granular areas brownish
black. Elytral surface more finely granular than pronotum; punctures in irregular
rows vaguely indicating intervals, the punctures basally distinct, their bottoms
flat, very finely granular, appearing lighter in colour (gray) than surrounding
surface. Pygidium with scattered coarse punctures, the punctures more numerous
and larger in basal fourth, smaller and separated by three or more diameters in
shining apical three-fourths. Ventral surfaces as described in generic description.
Fore femur and tibia as in fig. 3. Genitalia as in fig. 4, similar in general form
to those of Cyclidius and Lissomelas.
Female. Unknown.

Type material. Holotype, male, Mayaro, Trinidad, W. I., June
1967, in arboreal ant nest, F. D. Bennett (Howden). Types in the
Howden collection are presently housed in the Entomology Research
Institute.

Remarks. Paracyclidius bennetti is quite distinct from any of the
New World Cremastocheilini examined. It resembles most closely
Cyclidius elongatus ( Oliv.); it can be distinguished from this and other
species by the characters mentioned under the generic description and
in the key. Fig. 7 illustrates the differences in body form between
Paracyclidius and Cyclidius (figs. 5, 6) and Lissomelas (fig. 8).

The species is named in honour of Dr. F. D. Bennett, who discovered
it and very kindly presented it to the writer.

NOTES

Relationships among the New World Cremastocheilini have been,
in part, discussed by Cazier (1938, 1940). In these papers Cazier dis-
cussed wing venation, the very similar genitalia, and characterized the
North American genera. The three genera Uloptera, Cyclidius and
Paracyclidius were not included. Specimens of Uloptera, as stated
earlier, have not been examined, but based on Burmeister’s (1840) de-
scription of body shape, particularly that of the pronotum, I suspect
that its closest New World relative is Psilocnemis. The relationship is
not close, but I have not seen any Old World genus that I would con-
sider more closely related. Cyclidius and Paracyclidius are distinctly
related, being very similar in body shape, size and genitalia, with
Paracyclidius possibly having some affinities with Lissomelas, particu-
larly in respect to the clypeus. Lissomelas, however, is quite distinct
in its tarsal characters and in the shape of the pronotum. Lissomelas,
Psilocnemis and, to a lesser degree, Genuchinus are rather similar in
their pronotal shape. In this respect Cremastocheilus, with the modi-
fied hind angles of the pronotum, is more similar to some Old World
genera than to any of the other New World forms. Genuchinus and

230 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

Lissomelas show some definite affinities to the Oriental genus Cally-
nomes Westwood, the similarities being discussed by Cazier (1938).

On a zoogeographic basis Cazier stated (1938, pp. 80, 81) that
“Herein is merely presented evidence which would tend to support
the theory of the former existence of an Arctic Continent or the deriva-
tion of the North American species from the north by way of Bering
Strait.” The present study does not refute this, a past Beringian con-
nection seeming to be all that is necessary to explain the relationships
between the New and Old World Cremastocheilini.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This study has been greatly assisted by the loan of material from the British
Museum (Natural History) by M. E. Bacchus and from the Field Museum of
Natural History by R. Wenzel and H. Dybas. Photographs used in this paper were
taken by Mr. Colin Jones, Staff Photographer, Carleton University. The work has
been supported in part by a grant from the National Research Council of Canada.

REFERENCES

Bates, W. H. 1886-1890. Pectinicornia and Lamellicornia. Biol. Cent.-Am.,
Zool. Insecta Coleoptera 2 (2).

Burmeister, H. 1842. Handbuch der Entomologie. Enslin, Berlin. Vol. 3.

and H. Schaum. 1840. Kritische Revision der Lamellicornia
melitophila (Trichidae). In Germar, Zeitschrift fur die Entomologie. Leipzig.
Vol. 2 (2). pp. 353-420.

Cazier, M. A. 1938. A generic revision of the North America Cremastocheilini
with description of a new species (Coleoptera-Scarabaeidae). Bull. So. Calif.
Acad. Sci. 37:80—87.

1940. New North American myremcophilous Scarabaeidae (Coleop-
tera-Cremastocheilus ). Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 35:122—133.
and M. A. Mortenson. 1965. Bionomical observations on myrme-
cophilous beetles of the genus Cremastocheilus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae).
J. Kansas Ent. Soc. 38: 19-44.

Knoch, A. W. 1801. Neue Beitrage zur Insectenkunde. Leipzig. Vol. 1.

Mann, W. M. 1914. Some myrmecophilous insects from Mexico. Psyche 21:
171-184.

Potts, R. W. L. 1945. A key to the species of Cremastocheilini of North
America and Mexico (Coleoptera. Scarabaeidae). Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 40:
72-78.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 231

REDESCRIPTION OF AEDES (ALANSTONEA) BREVITIBIA

(EDWARDS) FROM BRUNEI, BORNEO
(DreTERA: CULICIDAE)"*

SuivaAjt RAMALINGAM and K. RAMAKRISHNAN, Department of Parasitology,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur

ABSTRACT—The male and pupal stages of Aedes (Alanstonea) brevitibia
(Edwards, 1914) is described for the first time. The female and larval stages are
redescribed.

Aedes (Alanstonea) brevitibia was described by Edwards (1914)
from a single female from Sarawak, Borneo. He placed the species
in the genus Armigeres. Brug (1934) described the larval stage from
two full grown and five smaller larvae collected from Nepenthes
pitchers from Borneo. However, as associated rearings had not been
obtained it was uncertain, till now, that these were actually the larvae
of brevitibia. Brug and Bonne-Wepster (1947) transferred brevitibia
to the subgenus Stegomyia of Aedes. Finally, Mattingly (1960) created
a new subgenus Alanstonea of the genus Aedes, in which he included
two species: brevitibia and treubi. During a recent mosquito survey
in Brunei (Borneo), a fairly large number of adults and immature
stages were obtained, together with numerous associated rearings. It
is now possible to describe all the stages of brevitibia.

The terminology of Belkin (1962) is used in the description of
immature stages, except for hair branching. For the latter, if only
one numeral is given in parentheses following the hair number it
represents the only number of branches encountered in the sample; if
two sets of figures are given, the first represents the modal number
of branches and the second, the range encountered in the sample. The
chaetotaxy of the immature stages was determined from a sample of
ten individuals.

Aedes (Alanstonea) brevitibia (Edwards )

Armigeres brevitibia Edwards, 1914, Bull. Ent. Res. 5:125-128. TYPE: holotype
9, Tabuan swamp, Kuching, Sarawak, Borneo, J. C. Moulton (BM).

Armigeres (Armigeres) brevitibia of Edwards (1917; 1922: 1932).

Armigeres brevitibia of Brug (1934).

Aedes (Stegomyia) brevitibia of Brug and Bonne-Wepster (1947); Mattingly
(1954); Stone, Knight and Starcke (1959).

Aedes (Alanstonea) brevitibia of Mattingly (1960).

' This work was supported by Research Grant No. DADA-17-69-G-9296 from
the U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Office of the
Surgeon General.

* Immediate publication secured by full payment of page charges—Editor.

232 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

FEMALE: Wing: 3.87 mm. Proboscis: 2.43 mm. Fore femur: 2.96 mm.
Abdomen: about 4mm. Large in size, with the general appearance of Armigeres
(Armigeres). Head: Eyes well separated over torus of antenna. Pale scales
on head yellowish-white; dark scales brown-black. Frontal and ocular bristles
present. Decumbent scales on vertex and occiput broad, flat and pale; except
for two patches of dark scales on either side of midline. Few anterior erect scales
pale; the rest brown; restricted to occiput region of head. Side of head mostly
with dark scales. Clypeus moderate in size, broader than long, bare, with dark
integument. Proboscis laterally compressed in distal third, covered over uniformly
by dark scales, tip curved downwards and backwards. Palpus about 0.2 to 0.25
of proboscis length, covered with dark brown scales uniformly. Torus of antenna
light brown integument; except for the dorsal side, it is covered by small grey-
white scales, with a few brown scales on the inner side. Flagellum of antenna
pilose; approximately 2.2 mm long.

Thorax: Integument dark brown. Top of mesonotum with narrow, flat, slightly
curving, brown-black scales, with metallic lustre from certain angles; scales be-
coming longer towards the posterior part of the mesonotum. A broad border
of narrow, curved, yellowish-white scales extending from anterior promontory and
ending over root of wings. Acrostichal, dorsocentral, prescutellar and fossal bristles
completely absent. Supraalar and anterior promontory bristles present. Scutellum
covered over by flat, white scales in three groups. Bristles arising in three groups.
Postnotum bare, integument brown. Anterior pronotal lobes of normal size;
covered over dorsally by narrow, curved, yellowish white scales, and bearing a
row of bristles. Posterior pronotal lobe covered over by the same type of scales that
compose the pale border around the mesonotum and contiguous with it; row of
bristles along posterior border. Spiracular bristles absent; a few postspiracular
bristles and scales present; subspiracular area with a row of white scales.
Propleuron covered over by a dense patch of white scales. Sternopleuron with large
patches of white scales and 24 bristles along posterior border; prealar area with
a group of bristles. Paratergite with a row of flat, white scales. A large patch
of white scales on mesepimeron covering the anterior *4 of the sclerite. Meta-
pleuron bare. Meron bare; base of meron in line with base of hind coxa.

Legs: Integument dark brown, covered over by dark brown scales except for
the following segments: the three coxae which bear a large patch of white scales
on the anterior side; the trochanters which bear a few white scales; the fore femur
which bears a line of white scales on the inner basal region; and the hind femur
which is white scaled on the basal 24 of the anterior, ventral and posterior aspects
and about % on the dorsal aspect. Fore femur slightly longer than proboscis.
Mid and hind femora about the same length and approximately *4 the length
of the fore femur. Claws of fore and mid leg, equal in size and each with a
single tooth. Claws of hind leg smaller and without tooth.

Wing: Dark scaled. Cell R2 1% to 2 times the length of its stem. No con-
spicuous bristles at the base of the subcostal vein. Anal vein ending beyond fork
of Cu. Alula with many scales. Squama with a row of hair-like bristles.

Halter: Base light in colour, capitulum coloured dark.

Abdomen: Terga covered on the dorsal side by dark brown scales; on the
lateral aspects of each tergum there is a large white patch of scales; these patches
cannot be seen from the dorsal side except for those on terga VI and VII. A few
pale scales on the mid-distal aspect of tergum I. Sterna I-VII are mostly

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 233

covered by dark brown scales except for white patches on the lateral, basal
aspects. Sternum VIII all brown.

MALE: Wing: 4.14 mm; Proboscis: 2.55 mm; Palpus: 3.59 mm; Fore femur:
3.18 mm. Resembles the female except in the following characters. Head:
Palpus approximately 1.4 the length of the proboscis. Antenna 1.88 mm. long;
strongly plumose; last two flagellomeres much elongated and annulated. Legs:
Fore and mid leg with one claw much enlarged, the other small; both claws with
single tooth. Claws of hind leg same as in female.

MALE TERMINALIA: (Fig. 1). As figured: Tergum of segment IX
prominent, deeply bilobed, each lobe bearing many bristles. IXth sternum mem-
branous. Basimere relatively narrow and long; outer sides densely covered by
scales and on the distal end long bristles as well; shorter bristles on tergal and
sternal areas of basimere; basal mesal lobes well developed and covered with
prominent bristles. Distimere about % the length of the basimere; narrow at
center and slightly bulged towards apex; short, thick spine at apex. Paraproct
long and lightly sclerotized. Aedeagus small, with row of small teeth on sides
and recurved teeth on apical margin.

PUPA: (Fig. 1). Abdomen: 5.37 mm. Trumpet: 0.63 mm. Paddle: 0.7
mm. Integument light yellow-brown pigmentation. Chaetotaxy as figured; hairs
light to dark brown.

Cephalothorax: Trumpet: light yellow brown in colour. Index about 3.0
to 4.7; pina about 0.16 to 0.26 of trumpet length. Hair 1(1,1-3), 2(2,1-2),
SIL). 44D), SOLIS). COLI), Oey exe er), OL), ILL).
12(2,1-2). Abdomen: The conspicuous hairs are marked with an asterisk (*).
Segment I: Float hair long with 2 to 6 main branches; branches arise about 1%
the length of the hair; more than two times the length of the segment. 2(1,1-2),
Se (429-6) ee (2513). 602 — a 7(1,1-3), 9(1), 10(1,1-5). Segment II:
le Gita oye Gl yese( 0), 4(4.355). 5*(1), 6(2,1-3), 7(1,1-2), 6(1), woe 3),
iOh)s Segment lik: (1), o(21=4). 3*(1,1-3), 4(2;1-3),. 5% 1), 6ClI=3),
Moa) oo) FCb). LOCA?) Ti(1). Segment IV: Ch): ea
a7 (12), 4( 21-3), 5* (1), 6(1), 7(3, A) ae 2), 9(1), 10(1,1-3), 11(1),
12(1). Segment V: 1(1), 2(1,1-2), 3*(1), 4(4,2-5), 5*(1), 6(1), 7(4,2-7),
Bs) Ol), LOG). Wik 2.12). oot Viz “NOs 2 isl spares Cl):
OES Neas (ll) Glo) 71-2). 8(2,1-3), 9( 1), MOGn eln@aie9).
Segment VII: 1(1), 2(1,1-2), 3(1,1-2), 4(1), 5*(1,1-3), 6*(3,2-4), 7(3;2-4),
8(3,2-4), 9(1), 10(1), 11(1). Segment VIII: 4(1), 9*(5,4-7, rising from
pit laterally). Paddle: Uniformally lightly pigmented, surface with microtrichia,
margins serrated, midrib absent. Hair 1 single, conspicuous.

LARVA: (fig. 2). Head: 1.25 mm. Siphon: 0.62 mm. Anal saddle: 0.6
mm. Chaetotaxy as figured. Hairs light to medium brown in pigmentation.
Stellate hairs and spicules absent. Integument smooth. Prominent hairs marked
with an asterisk (*). Head: Very slightly wider than length (width 1.04 of
length). Light yellow-brown in colour except area around mouth and _ collar
which are slightly darker. Ocular bulge not prominent. Mental plate with a
strong median trilobed tooth and with about 5 well developed teeth on either side.
Hair 1(1, light pigmentation, slightly curved and tapering), 4(16,12-20), 5(1),
6(1); hairs 4,5 and 6 are well forward on the head, 7(1), 8(2,2-3), 9(3,1-4),
O(a = sae DNC4I=6)— 12(2. 13). 13214 TA Cie 5452-6). Antenna:
Length about 0.33 of head. Shaft only slightly broader at base than at tip.

234 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

Figr

RS /

a,
y = >
Wi ——
nae f

hy /
NE s'/,
Hh

Dy, y. | ue

\ Se i = =
ae ise uy, (ra
\ ——— i { M. Druckenbrocd

IX
44
Aedes ( Alanstonea ) brevitibia

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

__eetttbeeditz22zz

ae — eS

PT

Aedes (Alanstonea) brevitibia

236 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

Integument smooth, with spicules; yellow in colour. All hairs single; hair 1 at 0.59
from base.

Thorax: Hairs moderately pigmented; long and prominent hairs with barbs.
Hairs 9,10,11 and 12 arising from a common basal plate. Prothorax: — hair
OCS SG) eb. SYS Sxl). ZAC EC). GL). Wel), Cs).
9(1,1-2), 10(1,1-2), 11(1), 12(1), 14(1,1-3). Mesothorax: 1(4,3-7), 2(1),
SCD) oa (A) EGO 1G), Cl) oC: 9% (54-7). MO~ Cl) SIG) Oe ales
13(11,8-16). Metathorax: 1(4,2-6), 2(1), 3(4,2-6), 4(1,1-2), 5(11,7-14);
GORD): THD) 2 S* Cl) 10) ay al) 13 (B2=6) "TAG bald 16) eae
domen: Abdominal segments I to VII with the following hairs always large
and arising on a prominent tubercle: 1,3 (except on segment III), 5,6 (except
on segment VII), 7 and 13. Segment I: 1*(1), 2(1), 3*(1,1-2), 4(12,10-16),
5*(1), 6*(1), 7*(1), 9*(1), 10(1,1-2), 11*(2,2-4), 13*(1). Segment II:
1(G4A—8) | 2G )s3* (1) v4(13:8=18). Se C1) Gt Ge WET) eS(2=5) a O= Gis
10(1,1-3), 11(2,1-3), 12(5,3-8), 13*(1). Segment III: 1*(1), 2(1), 3(7,3-11),
4(4,3-6), 5*(1), 6*(1), 7*(1), 8(4,2-6), 9(11,8-14), 10(3,2-4), 11(6,4-8),
IAG))s 13*()s Segment IV; 12 (1). 24); 3(6:2-8) 2 4(453-5)) b= GaGa Cle
7*(1), 8(4,1-6), 9(11,6—-14), 10(3,1—4),. 11(7,4=10), 12(1), 138%). Segment
Vee CL) 2) RS) 44 10-16): 521) 6") 7) 8 (41-6) SoG ee
10(1), 11(7,4-10), 12(1), 13*(1). Segment VI: 1*(1), 2(3,1-5), 3*(1)
4( 42-6) 55>" (il) 6* (7 *( 1). 8(3:1=5)s 9(7,6=12),, 10(1)s 118-4210) > 12):
13 (Ci)eSecment Vale Wi) 9 (est Gl) cA Coe (le) GGle) sa sala) = 12,8-14),
9(T2710=14), AOCL),. UU(2a—3). 19(1), 1S*¢b). “Segment “Vill Cia 2)).
2(1,1-2), 3(6,2-8), 4(1), 5*(1). Comb scales 10-39 in one, two or more rows;
lightly pigmented; free portion of central scales rounded; of outer scales
pointed, in both scales fringe present from base to apex or central spine. Siphon:
Narrow and small in proportion to the rest of the body. Index 3.04 (2.5-3.38).
Light yellow pigmentation on ventral side, slightly darker on dorsal aspect.
Pecten extending to 0.73 of siphon; teeth 15(9-20) in number, lightly pigmented.
Hair 1*(1, strong, barbed and arising near apex of siphon), 2(1), 6(1), 9(1,1-2).
Anal segment: Saddle incomplete with yellow pigmentation; papillae as figured,
ventral pair subequal to dorsal pair. Hair 1*(5,3-8), 2*(1), 3*(1), 4a*(1,1-2),
Ab* (1h) .o4c* (1) Ad* (4. 1—2,).

TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION: The inclusion, in the past, of
brevitibia in the subgenera Armigeres (Armigeres) and Aedes
(Stegomyia) indicates its affinities with these two taxa. In general
appearance the adults of brevitibia resembles the subgenus Armigeres
in size and general colouration; in having the proboscis curved down-
wards and backwards, in the absence of acrostichal and dorsocentral
bristles on the mesonotum, and the presence of post spiracular bristles
and scales. They differ from those of Armigeres in the absence of the
lower mesepimeral bristle, and in the male terminalia. In the immature
stages the difference is even more marked; for example the paddle
of the pupa of brevitibia lacks a midrib and a fringe on the margin,
these are both present in Armigeres. In the larval stage, the pecten is
distinct in brevitibia whereas it is lacking in Armigeres; the siphon is
narrow in brevitibia and very broad and stumpy in Armigeres; the

>

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 SSi7/

anal papillae are narrow and pointed in brevitibia and are broad and
with rounded tips in Armigeres.

The similarity of brevitibia to Stegomyia lies mainly with the male
genitalia and with several larval characters. However it differs from
Stegomyia in having a curved proboscis, and the legs which totally
lack white bands. According to Mattingly (1960) the larva can be
distinguished from other Aedes “by the combination of single upper
caudal seta and ventral brush without barred area.” Finally the adults
of brevitibia can be easily distinguished from that of treubi by the
presence of a golden-yellow median line on the mesonotum of the
latter and by its absence in the former.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: 102 specimens; 18 ?, 13 6, 40 larvae,
31 pupae and 32 individual rearings (21 larval, 11 pupal). 3 2,3 4,
1 ¢ terminalia, 3 larvae, and 6 associated skins at BM; 3 2, 3 4,
2 é terminalia, 7 larvae and 6 associated skins (Ramalingam); rest
to SEAMP, U.S. National Museum, Washington.

BIONOMICS: Nineteen collections were made of this species from
Nepenthes pitchers. The larvae are carnivorous and feed on other mos-
quito larvae. It is not known if the adults bite man.

DISTRIBUTION: Boreo: Bukit Puan Forest Reserve, Belait,
Brunei; Mandor near Pontianak, Western Borneo; and Tabuan swamp,
Kuching, Sarawak, E. Malaysia. Not known elsewhere.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We are grateful to members of the field team, Mr. Sulaiman bin Omar, Mr.
Samuel Wilson James and Mr. Chia Yiew Wang, who made the collections in
Brunei; and in acknowledging the assistance and co-operation extended to our
field team by the Medical and Health Department of Brunei. We also wish to
acknowledge the assistance of Thelma Ford and Mike Druckenbrod, Southeast
Asia Mosquito Project, Washington, for the preparation of the illustrations.

REFERENCES

Belkin, J. N. 1962. The mosquitoes of the South Pacific (Diptera, Culicidae ).
2 vols., 608 and 412 pp., illus. University of California Press.

Brug, S. L. 1934. Contribution a |’étude de la faune nepenthicole. Art. VI.
Culicidae, collected from Nepenthes in Borneo. Natuurh. Maandbl. 23: 149-
150, illus.

and Bonne-Wepster. 1947. The geographical distribution of the
mosquitoes of the Malay Archipelago. Chron. Nat. 103:179—197.

Edwards, F. W. 1917. Notes on Culicidae, with descriptions of new species.
Bull. Ent. Res. 7: 201-229.

1922. A synopsis of adult Oriental culicine (including megarhinine
and sabethine ) mosquitoes. Part II. Indian J. Med. Res. 10: 430-475.

1932. Genera Insectorum. Diptera. Fam. Culicidae. Fascicle
194, 259 pp., illus. Belgium.

238 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

Mattingly, P. F. 1954. Notes on the subgenus Stegomyia (Diptera, Culicidae),
with a description of a new species. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit. 48: 259-270, illus.
1960. Aedes subgenus Alanstonea, subgen. nov. (Diptera: Culici-
dae). Proc. R. Ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 29: 170-171.
Stone, A., K. L. Knight and H. Stareke. 1959. A synoptic catalog of the
mosquitoes of the world. The Thomas Say Foundation, Ent. Soc. Amer., Vol.
6, 358 pp.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 239

THOMAS ELLIOTT SNYDER
1885-1970

Thomas Elliott Snyder, international authority on the taxonomy, biology and
control of termites, died in Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, D. C.,
on August 30, 1970, following a stroke. He had an active, good and useful life.

Dr. Snyder was born February 6, 1885, in New York City. He graduated from
the Horace Mann High School there in 1903, and in 1907 he graduated from
Columbia University with an A.B. degree. He then attended the Forestry School
of Yale University from which he received the Master of Forestry degree in 1909.
On July 1 of that year he took a position in Washington with the Bureau of En-
tomology of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. There he enrolled for evening
courses in the Department of Zoology of George Washington University and in
1920 he received the Ph.D. degree from that institution. He worked continuously
in the Bureau's Division of Forest Insects until his retirement on June 30, 1951,
with the exception of a brief period in the spring of 1929 when, as Visiting
Professor, he taught a course in entomology at the University of Chicago. In 1934
he was transferred to New Orleans to establish and take charge of the Forest En-
tomology Laboratory at the Southern Forest Experiment Station. It was the first
such laboratory in the Deep South. Here, in cooperation with the staff of the
Experiment Station, he conducted investigations on forest insects of prime im-

240 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

portance to the Forest Service, as well as to lumbermen and home owners in the
South. He also cooperated with the Higgins Shipbuilding Company and the U. S.
Navy in studying the effectiveness of pressure-treated and naturally resistant native
and tropical species of wood for the prevention of damage by marine borers. He
returned to Washington in 1945, and from then until his retirement he was sta-
tioned there and at Beltsville, Maryland, where he was engaged in studies on
insects injurious to forest products and their control, including cooperative in-
vestigations with the Army and Navy. During this period he also supervised the
assemblage of the termite collection of the Smithsonian Institution and identified
termites for individuals around the world, for pest control operators and for federal
and state agencies that required them. From the time of his retirement from the
Department of Agriculture until his death he served, without recompense, as
Collaborator of the Department and as Honorary Research Associate of the Smith-
sonian Institution.

During Snyder’s first years with the Division of Forest Insects he and F. C.
Craighead, who was later to become Chief of the Division, worked together as a
team on various field problems under the general direction of their chief, Dr.
A. D. Hopkins, who was generally recognized as the “Father of Forest Entomology.”
At that time such problems included the mortality of chestnut trees in the southern
Appalachians and of oaks in the Middle Atlantic States. Gradually, however,
Snyder became the Bureau’s specialist on termites and subsequently was recognized
as a leading world authority on the subject. Most of his later efforts were in the
development of this field.

His marriage to Marjorie Benjamin in 1922, at the end of a whirlwind courtship,
balanced his scientific interests with her knowledge of literature. Their social life
and gracious hospitality provided a background for his scientific work and pro-
ductivity, and his social and scientific interests were combined in long member-
ship in the Cosmos Club.

Throughout his life Snyder was unusually cooperative with his scientific col-
leagues and correspondents. He identified termites sent directly to him, to the
Department of Agriculture and to the Smithsonian Institution. He also gave or
loaned specimens under his control for use in revisional studies by other ento-
mologists. Moreover, he always graciously accepted corrections of his own errors,
which usually were the result of the lack of adequate material. He was, in fact,
an excellent example to refute Theodore Roosevelt's quip that scientists “viewed
the work of their colleagues with quarrelsome interest.” Numerous species of in-
sects and fungus parasites were named in his honor. Among them were eleven
species of termites. Doubtless other new species, named after him, will appear in
years to come.

Even after his health had worsened, and after the grevious shock of his wife’s
death in 1967, he kept up his studies, spending at least a few hours of most days
in the Department of Entomology of the National Museum. It is greatly to his
credit that he never allowed such disappointments and frustrations as are inherent
in bureaucratic organizations to inhibit his research drive or lessen his loyalty to
the Department of Agriculture or to the Smithsonian Institution.

Snyder traveled rather widely, especially in the New World, and he collected
termites whenever he had the opportunity. From his own field collecting and from
material received for identification, as well as through exchanges with other spe-
cialists and various institutions, he assembled a fine collection of the termites of

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 24)

the world, which, at the time of his retirement, comprised more than 230,000
specimens, representing about half of the known world fauna. This collection,
which is in the Smithsonian Institution, will be used indefinitely for comparative
studies and for making accurate identifications.

Although Snyder made contributions to the knowledge of several other groups
of insect pests, such as beetles that destroy either green logs and lumber or sea-
soned wood products, his principal concentration was on termites. He conducted
long-range experiments on the effectiveness of treatments for the prevention of
damage to wood by subterranean termites. One of them was his “termite grave-
yard” which was established on Barro Colorado Island, in Panama, in 1928 and
1929. It consisted of many sapwood pine stakes that were treated with various
wood preservatives by different methods before being driven into termite satu-
rated ground. Duplicates of these tests were conducted by cooperators in Hawaii,
South Africa and Australia. The experiment is an example of the thoroughness of
his research projects. Twenty-eight years were required to complete it.

Furthermore, he pioneered in the treatment of the soil around dwellings with
toxic chemicals, and he prepared building codes to insure protection of structures
from termite damage. These codes were adopted by various states, as well as by
the Federal Housing and the Veterans Administrations and other federal agencies.
It is not an exaggeration to say that during the peak of his career he was the most
prominent investigator of termite control methods in the world. His work was the
basis of numerous government and outside publications dealing with the control
of such pests as termites, wood destroying beetles and marine borers. He was
also called upon frequently for consultation, talks, articles, conferences and advice,
and he gave unstintingly of his knowledge and experience.

Snyder was intensely interested in the work of pest control companies that
offered services relating to the control of termites and wood destroying beetles.
In the early days, before these companies were well organized, he encouraged
them to improve the methods they were using for the control of insect infestations.
He also was influential in bringing about closer working relationships between
these companies and the Federal Government. Later, after the establishment of
the National Pest Control Association, he participated in the meetings of this body,
the members of which fondly called him “Tommie” or “Mr. Termite.” They ad-
mired and respected him, and to express their appreciation of his interest in their
affairs they elected him to honorary membership in the Association on November
20, 1937, which honor he retained the remainder of his life.

As further evidence of his desire to assist the pest control operators he pre-
pared a bulletin, published by the Association, which contained lists of the species
of termites known to occur in each state of the country and in Canada, and, in
addition, keys for the identification of winged adults and soldiers of the different
species, as well as notes on their biology.

In addition to his pioneer work in the control of termites, and his numerous and
significant publications in that field, Snyder also had a deep interest in the sys-
tematics of termites, in their biology, their geographical distribution, their fossil
remains, and their social and ecological adjustments. He described approximately
160 new species of termites of the world, and he wrote many papers dealing with
this group of insects that are of interest to basic science. In later years he spent
most of his time recording the literature of the world concerned with termites and
preparing subject indexes to it. His own bibliography includes approximately 300

JAD PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

titles of which more than 200 deal with termites alone. Of the latter, articles on
economic damage and control rank first numerically, with 113 titles totaling 1,030
pages; 53 titles, with 990 pages, are concerned with systematics; 14 papers and
books, with 554 pages, discuss the social life of termites, and the rest deal with
the ecology and geographical distribution of these insects, their development, caste
determination, etc. In addition there are his recently published bibliographies of
termite literature. His major publications are “Our Enemy, the Termite,” 261 pages,
1948; “Catalog of the Termites (Isoptera) of the World,” 490 pages, 1949; and
“Annotated Subject-heading Bibliography of Termites—1350 B.C. to A.D. 1954,”
with 305 pages, 1956, followed by supplements published in 1961 and 1968.

Snyder was an ardent canoeist and swimmer. During his early years in Washing-
ton he, Dr. Frank Craighead and Dr. Alexander Wetmore were members of the
Washington Canoe Club, and they participated in numerous canoe regattas that
were held on the Potomac River. Snyder, Craighead and another member of the
Club, Irving Zirpel, made many canoe trips on the Potomac, some of them long
ones that started at Cumberland, Maryland and ended at Washington, a distance
of well over 100 miles. Craighead recalls that prior to his own and Snyder's
marriage they practically lived on the Potomac River. Together with a number
of other bachelors they frequently camped on weekends at a spot known as Cupid's
Bower and on Black Island. A favorite sport of the better swimmers, including
Snyder, was to go up the canal to Great Falls and swim down the gorge during
high waters. Although he gave up canoeing some years ago Snyder continued to
swim whenever conditions were suitable, even up to a few months before his death.

A member of the Entomological Society of Washington since 1911, Snyder was
President for the year 1949 and Honorary President from 1964 until his death.
While in Washington he attended the meetings of the Society very regularly,
even in his later years. He did not have his own car but Frank Campbell and
his wife Ina, who were very close friends of the Snyders, called for him and
Marjorie on their way to the meetings. His passing has left a void in the Society
that will not soon be filled. His integrity of character, his courage, his excellent
disposition, his fine sense of humor and his goodness of spirit endeared him to all
who knew him and who must feel his loss as a personal grief.

ALFRED E. EMERSON
Cary F. W. MuESEBECK
R. A. St. Georce, Chairman

PROG. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 243

SUMMARY REPORTS OF SOCIETY OFFICERS FOR 1970

CORRESPONDING SECRETARY
(For the fiscal year 1 November 1969 to 31 October 1970)

Memibersmuprong ly Novemiserel GQ.) 2-10.50. See ee ee 497
Migmalogrl aij) Orn Bil Oreitolorere ITI) oe ee 500
Circulation and distribution of Proceedings (September, 1970 issue) ~~ 825

The membership is distributed among 46 states, the District of Columbia, 2 terri-
tories, and 16 foreign countries. The Proceedings go to members and subscribers
in 50 states, the District of Columbia, 2 territories, and 41 foreign countries. A
detailed report is on file with the recording secretary. Respectfully submitted,
Davip R. SmirH, Corresponding Secretary.

TREASURER
(For the fiscal year 1 November 1969 to 31 October 1970)
General Special
Fund Publication Fund Total
1 November 1969 $1,307.21 $6,518.21 $13,732.69 $21,558.11
Receiptsies eee 8,932.74 5,316.90 440.01 14,689.65
Expenditures — ees LIESZ3A6 10,257.00 4,900.00 26,480.16
SleOctoberw1 97/0) = —1,083.21* Ieovioulele PATA ST Oe 9,767.60

* These two columns represent one account in the National Bank of Washington,
balance $494.90. ** In the Columbia Federal Savings and Loan, $5,000 in a
certificate, the remainder in a pass book account. A detailed report is on file
with the recording secretary. Respectfully submitted, ArrHur K. Buropirt, Jr.,
Treasurer.

CUSTODIAN
(For the fiscal year 1 November 1969 to 31 October 1970)

The value of stock sold by the Custodian’s office amounted to $832.00. Of this,
$423.00 was for 54 copies of the Memoirs, $6.00 for 3 copies of Weld’s gall paper,
and $403.00 for miscellaneous numbers and reprints of the Proceedings. A copy
of the complete detailed report is on file with the recording secretary. Respect-
fully submitted, Roperr D. Gorvon, Custodian.

EDITOR
(For the calendar year 1970)

Four numbers of the Proceedings were published in 1970. All of the 520 pages
were devoted to scientific papers, notes, book reviews, minutes of meetings,
announcements, and obituaries. Eighty-eight scientific papers and notes were
published. The Society and the Proceedings benefitted from 9 fully paid papers
of 100 pages which did not cause the articles of regular contributors to be
delayed. The Society was realizing some income from regular page charges, in-
stituted at the beginning of the year, by the December issue. Respectfully sub-
mitted, Pau M. Marsu, Editor.

244 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

SOCIETY MEETINGS

775th Regular Meeting—January 8, 1970

The 775th regular meeting of the Entomological Society of Washington was
called to order by President Krombein on January 8, 1970 at 8:00 p.m. in Room
43, USNM. Despite the harsh weather 23 members and 11 guests were in at-
tendance. Minutes of the previous meeting were approved as read.

President Krombein announced: the 1970 nominating committee consisted of
G. Hutton, chairman, V. Adler, and W. D. Duckworth; Mrs. Krombein will chair-
man the 1970 refreshment committee; F. W. Poos and B. A. App will write the
obituary of Dr. Frances M. Wadley who died on December 26, 1969; Mrs. Helen
S. Marlatt, widow of Dr. C. L. Marlatt (Ent. Soc. Wash. President of 1896-1897 )
died December 15, 1969.

R. I. Sailer gave the first note of the evening by reviewing the book Genera of
Ichneumonidae by Henry Townes. G. C, Steyskal noted that the Michigan Ent.
Soc. is now publishing a journal. B. Braun displayed several hymenopterous
parasites reared from the pine tuber moth.

President Krombein introduced the speaker of the evening, Mr. Arnold T. Drooz,
of the U. S. Forest Service, who presented an illustrated lecture on the larch sawfly
which stressed the phenomenon of parasite egg encapsulization. This was followed
by the excellent color motion picture, The Adler Wood Wasp and Its Enemies.

The meeting was adjourned following introduction of visitors and refreshments
were served. Respectfully submitted, Joun A. Davinson, Recording Secretary.

776th Regular Meeting—February 5, 1970

The 776th regular meeting of the Entomological Society of Washington was
called to order by President Krombein on February 5, 1970 at 8:00 p.m. in Room
43, USNM. Fifty-four members and 23 guests were in attendance. Minutes of
the previous meeting were read and approved.

The names of W. B. Grabowski, L. S. Hawkins, Jr. and R. M. Kirkton were
read for the first time as candidates for Society membership.

President-elect E. J. Hambleton announced planning for the spring banquet was
underway and that Dr. David Pimentel would be the main speaker.

President Krombein introduced the first speaker of the evening, Mrs. Helen
Sollers-Riedel, Plant Protection Division, USDA, who gave as the retiring Presi-
dent’s address: Malaria Eradication in the U.S.S.R. The second speaker, Dr. Paul
J. Spangler, U.S.N.M., presented: Collecting Water Beetles in South America. Both
speakers displayed many beautiful Kodachromes to illustrate their presentations.

G. C. Steyskal exhibited the 2 books: Flies of Western N.A. by Frank Cole
and Empididae of Southern Africa by Kenneth G. V. Smith. Visitor Darwin Tie-
mann displayed phengodid beetles in the genus Frixothryx.

Following the introduction of visitors, the meeting was adjourned and refresh-
ments were served. Respectfully submitted, Joun A. DAvipson, Recording Secre-
tary.

777th Regular Meeting—March 5, 1970

The 777th regular meeting of the Entomological Society of Washington was
called to order by Recording Secretary John Davidson on March 5, 1970 at 8:00
p.m. in Room 43, USNM. The Recording Secretary presided because the President

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971 245

was ill and the President-Elect out of town. Sixty members and 23 guests were
in attendance. Minutes of the previous meeting were approved as read.

Following the reports of Committee Chairmen, the names of T. J. Zavortink, E.
Kaulens, G. F. Hevel, D. W. Jenkins and D. K. Hayes were read for the first time
as candidates for Society membership.

The speaker of the evening was Dr. David Pimentel of Cornell University who
presented a stimulating lecture entitled, “Natural Regulation of Insect Numbers.”

Mr. T. L. Bissell presented a note on the pavement ant with Kodachrome slides.
F. L. Campbell noted the death of David E. Fink at the age of 89, a Society
member in the 30’s. He also noted the death of Charles M. Smith at age 80. He
was a founder of the Insecticide Society of Washington.

Following general announcements and the introduction of visitors, the meeting
was adjourned. Respectfully submitted, Joun A. Davinpson, Recording Secretary.

778th Regular Meeting—April 2, 1970

The 778th regular meeting of the Entomological Society of Washington was
called to order by President Krombein on April 2, 1970 at 8:00 p.m. in Room 43,
Natural History Building. Forty members and 17 guests were in attendance.
Minutes of the previous meeting were approved as read.

T. J. Zavortink, E. Kaulens, G. F. Hevel, D. W. Jenkins and D. K. Hayes were
received into the Society and G. R. Noonan was presented for membership.

M. J. Ramsay reported on the current status of plans for the annual joint banquet
for which tickets are now available.

President Krombein introduced the speaker of the evening, Dr. Louis Roth, of
the Army Research Laboratory, Natick, Massachusetts, whose interesting illus-
trated lecture covered 20 years of research on the reproductive behavior of cock-
roaches.

Notes and exhibitions of specimens began with A. Stone reviewing the book The
Prosimulium of Canada and Alaska by B. V. Peterson. Next, R. H. Foote exhibited
Field Guide to the Insects by D. J. Borror and R. E. White, and Abstracts in
Entomology. T. L. Bissell exhibited an egg mass of the eastern tent caterpillar
including newly hatched caterpillars. 001—The Sick Rocket, was the catchy title
of an article read by R. I. Sailer which explained how a wasp nest foiled the firing
of an experimental rocket. A. B. Gurney noted the death on March 18, 1970, of
Sir Boris Uvarov. Born November 5, 1889 in Russia, as Boris Petrovitch Uvarov,
he was working as a professional entomologist by 1910 and was the Director of
a station at Stavropol in 1912. He joined the Imperial Institute of Entomology,
London, in 1920 and attained prominence for studies of phase transformation of
locusts, for extensive taxonomic work on grasshoppers, for his 1931 work on Insects
and Climate, and for founding and directing the Anti-Locust Research Centre
1945-59. He was Knighted by Queen Elizabeth in 1961. Photos of Sir Boris, in-
cluding some taken in May 1955 during his first American visit, were shown.
President Krombein announced the death of Dr. Willard King.

Following the introduction of visitors, President Krombein thanked the Hos-
pitality Committee and adjourned the meeting. Respectfully submitted, Jonn A.
Davipson, Recording Secretary.

779th Regular Meeting—May 7, 1970

The 779th regular meeting of the Entomological Society of Washington was
called to order by President Krombein on May 7, 1970 at 8:00 p.m. in Room 43,

246 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 2, JUNE, 1971

Natural History Building. Thirty-one members and 14 guests were in attendance.
Minutes of the previous meeting were approved as read.

G. R. Noonan was received into the Society while W. R. M. Mason and P. D.
Hurd, Jr. were presented for membership.

President Krombein read an amusing letter written by Dr. Louis Roth to a
Boston Globe reporter, in response to an article the latter wrote about Dr. Roth
and his research with cockroaches.

The speaker of the evening, Mr. John A. Fluno, Entomology Research Division,
USDA, was introduced by President Krombein. Mr. Fluno had no problem main-
taining audience attention as he discussed the implications of suspected entomo-
phobia in a talk entitled “Invisible Insects, or the Trail of the Lonesome Itch.”

The second part of the program consisted of presentations by 2 area science fair
participants selected by Society judges for the excellence of their entomology
projects. Miss Mary Ann Harding, a senior at McLean High School, discussed her
experiments with Drosophila. Mr. Michael O'Conner, an 8th grade student at
Blessed Sacrament School, Washington, D.C., presented his observations of the life
history of praying mantids.

Following the introduction of visitors President Krombein announced the regular
October 1970 meeting would be held one week later than usual, on October 8,
1970. Then the meeting was adjourned. Respectfully submitted, JouHn A. Davip-
son, Recording Secretary.

or

an ae
oie

=

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Information for Contributors

Publication in the Proceedings is reserved for members only. Publication of
papers by non-members may be obtained after acceptance at a cost to the author
of $18.00 per printed page. Regular papers are published in approximately the
order that they are received. Manuscripts should not exceed 30 typewritten pages
including illustrations. Papers of less than a printed page may be published as
space is available at the end of longer articles.

Manuscripts for publication, proof and other editorial matters should be
addressed to the Editor (for address, see inside front cover of this issue).

Typing—All manuscripts must be typed on bond paper with double-spacing and
ample margins. Carbon copies or copies on paper larger than 8% x 11 inches
are not acceptable. Do not use all capitals for any purpose. Underscore only
where italics are intended in the body of the text, not in headings. Number all
pages consecutively. References to footnotes in the text should be numbered
consecutively and typed on a separate sheet.

First page—The page preceding the text of the manuscript should include (1)
the complete title, (2) the order and family in parentheses, (3) the author’s
name or names, (4) the institution with city, state and zip code or the author's
home city, state and zip code if not affiliated, (5) in the upper left hand
corner, the complete name and address to which proof is to be sent.

Abstract—All manuscripts, including notes of one page or less, must be accom-
panied by an abstract suitable for publication. The abstract must be typed
on a separate sheet following the title page, should be brief (not more than
3% of the original), and written in whole sentences, not telegraphic phrases.

Names and descriptions of organisms—The first mention of a plant or animal
should include the full scientific name with the author of a zoological name
not abbreviated. Descriptions of taxa should be in telegraphic style.

References—Citations in the text of papers longer than one printed page should
be by author and date and should refer to a list of concluding REFERENCES listed
alphabetically. See a recent issue of the Proceedings for style of references.
In shorter articles, references to literature should be included in parentheses
in the text.

Illustrations—No extra charge is made for line drawings or halftones. Authors
must plan their illustrations for reduction to the dimensions of the printed page
and the individual figures must be mounted on suitable board. Proportions of
full-page illustrations should closely approximate 4545 < 6” (26 x 36 picas); this
usually allows explanatory matter to appear on the same page. On the back of
each illustration should be stated (1) the title of the paper, (2) the author’s
complete name and address, and (3) the number of the illustration such as
“No. 1 (of 3)” etc. Figures should be numbered consecutively. Plates will be
returned only at the author’s request and expense.

Figure legends—Legends should be typewritten double-spaced on _ separate
pages headed ExpLANATION OF FicurEs and placed following REFERENCES. Do
not attach legends to illustrations.

Proofs and reprints—Proofs and a reprint order will be sent to the authors by the
printer with explicit instructions for their return. Major changes in proof will
be charged to the author.

Page charges—All regular papers of more than one page will be charged at the
rate of $6.00 per printed page. Immediate publication may be obtained at the
rate of $18.00 per printed page. These charges are in addition to those for
reprints. Member authors who have no institutional affiliation or funds available
may request to the Editor in writing to have charges for regular papers waived.
Charges made for immediate publication or to non-members will not be waived.

CONTENTS

(Continued from front cover) _

KURCZEWSKI, F. E.—A new Tachysphex from Florida, with keys to the
males and females of the Florida species (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae:
Larrinae )

LEONARD, M. D., H. G. WALKER and L. ENARI—Host plants of three
polyphagous and widely distributed aphids-in the Los Angeles State and
County Arboretum, Arcadia, California (Homoptera: Aphididae)

LEONARD, M. D.—Records of aphids collected in Newfoundland (Homop-
tera: Aphididae) 5

MALDONADO-CAPRILES, J.—Platybasicornis ramosi, a new Neotropical
genus and species (Hemiptera: Miridae: Hyaliodini)

MALDONADO-CAPRILES, J.—About Idiocerinae leafhoppers: V. Balcano-
cerus, a new genus for Chunrocerus balcanicus Zakhvatkin, 1946 (Homop-
tera:’. Cicadellidae )

PAYNE, J: A. and Ww. R. M. MASON—Hymenoptera associated with pig
carrion

RAMALINGAM, S. and K. RAMAKRISHNAN—Redescription of Aedes
(Alanstonea) brevitibia (Edwards) from Brunei, Borneo (Diptera:
Culicidae )

SCHABER, B. D. and F. E. WOOD—A new species of Dioryctria infesting
loblolly pine (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

SCHUSTER, R. O. and A. A. GRIGARICK—Two new species of Echiniscus
from the Pacific Northwest (Tardigrada: Echiniscidae )

SMITH, D. R.—The genus Zadiprion Bohwer (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) _

STEYSKAL, G. C.—A note on Camptoprosopella equatorialis Shewell
(Diptera: Lauxaniidae )

STEYSKAL, G. C.—Spilochroa geminata Sabrosky a synonym of S. polita
(Malloch) (Diptera: Trixoscelididae )

STONE, A.—Corrections to Mosquito Catalog Supplements III and IV

SUMMERS, F. M. and R. L. WITT—The gnathosoma of Cheyletus
cacahuamilpensis Baker ( Acarina: Cheyletidae )

WHITE, R. E.—The status of Lasioderma castaneum Melsheimer and
Dorcatoma affinis Boheman (Coleoptera: Anobiidae )

WHITSEL, R. H. and R. F. SCHOEPPNER—Two mites and their insect
hosts from San Mateo County, California (Acarina: Scutacaridae,
Uropodidae )

WIRTH, W. W. and N. C. RATANAWORABHAN—Ceratoculicoides, a new
genus related to Ceratopogon Meigen (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae )

THOMAS ELLIOTT SNYDER, 1885-1970 (Obituary )

SUMMARY REPORTS OF SOCIETY OFFICERS FOR 1970

SOCIETY MEETINGS

Vol. 73 SEPTEMBER 1971 No. 3

PROCEEDINGS

of the

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
of WASHINGTON

DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20560

PUBLISHED QUARTERLY

CONTENTS
BLAKE, D. H.—Fifteen new West Indian chrysomelid beetles 29

BLANCHARD, A.—Notes on three species of Heterocampa Doubleday with
description of a new species (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) ss 2.49

BLANCHARD, A.—A new species of the genus Ursia Barnes & McDunnough

(iemaapteraNotodontidae) 20.8 ee 08
CORNELL, J. F.—New records of St: me neste from North Carolina (Cole-

CUTSiED | Re ae eee N ee re aX kek SANDEE SONNY AOS | 15)
FROESCHNER, R. C.—Nabis propinquus Reuter ranges southward into

Marnylande(Henniptera: Nabidae) 2.20 to See 268

GURNEY, A. B.—North American grasshoppers of the genus Argiacris, in-
cluding two new species from Idaho (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Catantopinae) 292

Generic placement and adult behavior
of the genus Leptohoplia Saylor (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) S387

KNUTSON, L. V.—Trachysphyrus nigricornis (Brullé), prey of Araiopogon
gayi (Macquart) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae—Diptera: Asilidae) _.__ 248

KNUTSON, L. V. and O. S. FLINT, Jr.—Pupae of Empididae in pupal

cocoons of Rhyacophilidae and Glossosomatidae (Diptera—Trichoptera) _ 314
KORMILEV, N. A.—Key to American species of the genus Mezira ( Hemip-
tera: Aradidae) - GD ep ee ine UU ge Pa Rea en ONE kT AD ey DBD

(Continued on back cover)

ZAI HSOAS

iP 2407

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF WASHINGTON
ORGANIZED Marcu 12, 1884

OFFICERS FOR 1971

———

Epson J. HAmMBLETON, President Paut M. Marsu, Editor I
Curtis W. Sasrosky, President-Elect Rosert D. Gornon, Custodian
Dewey M. Caron, Recording Secretary F. EUGENE Woop, Program Chairman
Davin R. Smiru, Corresponding Secretary H. Ivan RAINWATER, Membership Chairman
THEODORE J. SpruMAN, Treasurer REECE I, Samer, Delegate, Wash. Acad. Sci.

All correspondence concerning Society business should be mailed
to the appropriate officer at the following address:

Entomological Society of Washington
c/o Department of Entomology
Smithsonian Institution
Washington, D. C. 20560

Honorary President
C. F. W. MuEsSEBECK

Honorary Members

FREDERICK W. Poos
ERNEstT N. Cory
AveERY S. Hoyr

MEETINGS.—Regular meetings of the Society are held in Room 43, Natural History Building, Smithsonian
Institution, on the first Thursday of each month from October to June, inclusive, at 8 P.M. Minutes of meetings
are published regularly in the Proceedings.

MEMBERSHIP.—Members shall be persons who have demonstrated interest in the science of entomology.
Annual dues for members are $6.00 (U.S. currency).

PROCEEDINGS.—Published quarterly beginning with March by the Society at Washington, D.C. Members in
good standing are entitled to the Proceedings free of charge. Nonmember subscriptions are $8.00 per year,
both domestic and foreign (U.S. currency), payable in advance. All remittances should be made payable to
The Entomological Society of Washington.

The Society does not exchange its publications for those of other societies.

STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP

Title of Publication: Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington.
Frequency of Issue: Quarterly (March, June, September, December).

Location of Office of Publication, Business Office of Publisher and Owner: The Entomological Society of
Washington, c/o Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560.

Editor: Dr. Paul M. Marsh, same address as above.
Managing Editor and Known Bondholders or other Security Holders: none.

This issue was mailed October 6, 1971

Second Class Postage Paid at Lawrence, Kansas, U. S. A. 66044

ALLEN PRESS, INC. re eD LAWRENCE, KANSAS 66044

USA

PROCEEDINGS OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Vol. 73 SEPTEMBER 1971 No. 3

A NEW CENTRAL AMERICAN SPECIES OF ZACOMPSIA COQUILLETT,
WITH A KEY TO THE DESCRIBED SPECIES
(DiprERA: OTITIDAE)

GrorcE C. STEYsKAL, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research

Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture!

ABSTRACT—Zacompsia colorata, n. sp., is described from El Salvador and a
key to the described species is presented.

The following new species of Zacompsia Coquillett (Otitidae:
Ulidiinae) was found in material recently received for incorporation
into the United States National Museum collections.

Zacompsia colorata, n. sp.

Male. Length of body 6.25 mm; of wing 4.3 mm. Color metallic blue-black,
only the following parts reddish: legs (middle legs missing), except blackish
tibiae and apical four segments of fore tarsus; anterior swelling of humerus;
pronotal collar; medifrons (except ocellar triangle); antenna; palpus. Thorax,
except small shining area on anterior aspect of mesoscutum, rather strongly whitish
pruinose with broad dark gray crossband between transverse suture and level of
dorsocentral bristles. Abdomen with pruinosity similar to that of mesoscutum
dorsally, laterally the segments whitish pruinose in basal half, shining aeneous
apically, the last apparent segment blackish.

Head with front 0.48 of total head-width anteriorly, slightly broader posteriorly,
very lightly white-pruinose, rather strongly so on broad anterior orbits; frontal
setae black, rather large, proclinate; 2 reclinate upper fronto-orbitals, posterior
one large, anterior one much smaller; antenna with 3rd segment oval, twice as
long as wide; arista bare, slender, black, with only basal segment slightly swollen,
about twice as long as wide, yellowish.

Thorax twice as long as wide; dorsocentral bristles 0.75 as far from scutellum
as from each other; scutellum twice as wide as long, dorsal surface flat, slightly
rugulose, both apical and basal bristles outside the rather distinct margin of the
dorsal area; chaetotaxy: 1 strong h; 2 ntpl, 1 dc, 1 sa, 1 pa, 1 mspl, 1 strong
posterior stpl.

Wing 0.3 as wide as long; medium brown in color, with hyaline root, milky

' Mail address: c/o U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. 20560.

248 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971

white as follows: wedge from costa to posterior end of anal crossvein, median
transverse crossband (straight basally, gently concave apically, entirely across
wing between the crossveins, but not touching either), and oval area occupying
middle third of part of Ist posterior cell between posterior crossvein and wingtip
and extending apically into submarginal cell; posterior crossvein straight, slightly
inclined to transverse axis of wing, angle with 5th vein 90°, with 4th vein a few
degrees less.

Holotype——Male, Cerro Verde, El] Salvador, 18 June 1958 (L. J.
Bottimer ), No. 70020 in United States National Museum.

As may be seen from the following table, Z. colorata is much more
similar to Z. metallica, from Guyana, than to the type of the genus, the
North American Z. fulva. The differences between the 2 neotropical
species and the type species, however, do not seem to me sufficient to
require nomenclatural distinction.

KEY TO THE KNOWN SPECIES OF Zacompsia COQUILLETT

1 (2) Body and head wholly reddish; ocellar triangle only slightly longer than
wide; wing with posterior crossvein arcuate, turned basad in posterior
| be oe As ON 2 Sa Ln es A ae ea AOR va ean ey oe Oy Z. fulva Coquillett

2(1) Body and head extensively metallic blue-black; ocellar triangle twice as
long as wide; wing with posterior crossvein “recurrent on anterior 7”
or straight, brown with contrasting whitish pattern.

3 (4) Wing with median crossband extending “over” posterior crossvein and
with broad, poorly defined apical pale area; humerus and_ large
anterior portion of pleura reddish Z. metallica Curran

4 (3) Wing with whitish median crossband touching neither crossvein; apical
part of wing, midway between tip and posterior crossvein with me-
dian oval whitish spot in Ist posterior and submarginal cells; only col-
lar and anterior swelling of humerus reddish Z. colorata, n. sp.

TRACHYSPHYRUS NIGRICORNIS (BRULLE), PREY OF
ARAIOPOGON GAYI (MACQUART)
(HYMENOPTERA; ICHNEUMONIDAE—DIPTERA: ASILIDAE )

Apparently the first record of the prey of any of the six described species of
the Neotropical genus Araiopogon Carrera (Asilidae: Dasypogoninae) was pre-
sented by J. N. Artigas in his recent fine paper, “Los Asilidos de Chile (Diptera—
Asilidae ),” Gayana (Zoologia) 17:1-472, 1970. In that paper, Halictus sp. (Hy-
menoptera: Halictidae) was recorded as prey of Araiopogon cyanogaster (Loew).
In the U.S.N.M. collection there is a female A. gayi (Macquart) pinned with a
male Trachysphyrus nigricornis (Brullé) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) (det.
R. Carlson). The specimens were collected at Santiago, Chile, on December 30,
1926, by R. C. Shannon.—L. V. Knutson, Systematic Entomology Laboratory,
Agricultural Research Service, U. 8. Department of Agriculture, c/o U. S. National
Museum, Washington, D. C. 20560.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 249

NOTES ON THREE SPECIES OF HETEROCAMPA DOUBLEDAY
WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES
(LEPIDOPTERA: NOTODONTIDAE )

ANDRE BLANCHARD, P. O. Box 20304, Houston, Texas 77025

ABSTRACT—Heterocampa benitensis, n. sp., is described from Texas; this spe-
cies was previously misidentified as H. superba Hy. Edw. or H. subrotata Harvey;
the status of these two species and of H. belfragei Grote is confirmed.

I have had in my collection, for some time, a short series of an un-
described species of Heterocampa Doubleday. Other specimens of
the same species are in the collections of the U.S. National Museum,
the American Museum of Natural History, the Illinois Natural History
Survey, and Dr. J. G. Franclemont. A description of this new species
follows.

Heterocampa benitensis, n. sp.

Male. Head olive green; palp short, porrect, not exceeding front, brown
exteriorly. Collar, disc of thorax and patagia olive green. Fore and middle tibia
covered with long, loose olive green scales, with transverse medial and terminal
black lines. Forewing olive green; t. a. line double, wide, filled with ground color,
excurved between veins, especially in cell Cu2 and below anal vein. Basal space
darkened by sprinkling of black scales; t. p. line double, strongly lunulate and
outwardly dentate on veins, narrower than t. a. line, filled with ground color, best
defined between R5 and Cu2; inner component black, narrow; outer component
more diffuse. Adterminal line continuous, black, narrow, slightly outwardly dentate
on veins, parallel to outer margin at a distance from it about equal to width of
fringe. Terminal line obsolescent. Fringe olive green indistinctly checkered with
black scales at vein ends. S. t. line represented, midway between t. p. and adter-
minal lines, from cells R5 to Cul, by dark shadow accented by black spots between
veins, more markedly in cells R5 and M3. A conspicuous, almost pure white fascia
from apex to between t. p. line and top black spot of s. t. line. Reniform a narrow
black lunule. Median space darkened along a diffuse barely traceable median
shade and beyond reniform lunule. Succession of blackish and lighter spots on
costa, the spot above reniform being nearly pure white. Hindwing sordid white,
darker along termen. Undersurface of forewing fuscous, darker in costal half;
three to four black spots on costa at ends of radial veins. Undersurface of hind-
wing whitish.

Wing expanse: 29 to 33 mm.

Female. Forewing olive green, spotted mostly in outer half with reddish.
Differs strikingly from male in having a subterminal line of nearly confluent black
spots, extending almost from apex to inner margin, widest in cell M2, constricted
in cell M3, preceded by a whitish shade in its upper half. Subterminal spot in
Cul and lunulate reniform meet on a diffuse black shadow and together form a
bold black half circle. Hindwing fuscous, darker beyond a fine mesial shade line.

Wing expanse: About 38 mm.

250 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971

Male genitalia: As shown in figs. 11, lla, 11b, and Ile.
Female genitalia: As shown in fig. 12.

Holotype male, Brownsville, Texas, 8 August 1967, A. & M. E. Blan-
chard collectors, genitalia on slide A.B. 688, deposited in the U.S.
National Museum, type number 64647.

Paratypes: One female, San Benito, Texas, 8 Sept. 1915, genitalia
on slide A.B. 2270, in the collection of the Illinois Natural History
Survey. One male, Shovel Mountain, Texas, May 1916, “Barnes Collec-
tion’, genitalia on slide A.B. 1361; one male, Brownsville, Texas, 23
Oct. 1928, F. H. Benjamin collector, “Barnes Collection”, genitalia on
slide A.B. 1362; one female, San Benito, Texas, 8 Sept. 1915, “ Barnes
Collection”; one female, Esper Ranch, Brownsville, Texas; one female,
San Benito, Texas, 8 Sept. 1915, “ Barnes Collection”, genitalia on slide
A.B. 1359; one female, San Benito, Texas, 8 Sept. 1915, “Barnes Collec-
tion”, genitalia on slide A.B. 1357, in the U.S. National Museum. One
male, Brownsville, Texas, 3 April 1929, “Otto Buchholz Collection”, F.
H. Benjamin collector, genitalia on slide A.B. 2402; one male, Browns-
ville, Texas, 22 October 1928, “Otto Buchholz Collection”, genitalia on
slide A.B. 2403; one male, Brownsville, Texas, 19 October 1928, “Otto
Buchholz Collection”, F. H. Benjamin collector, genitalia on slide A.B.
2404, in the collection of the American Museum of Natural History.
One male, Sinton, Texas (Welder Wildlife Foundation), 2 May 1967,
A. & M. E. Blanchard collectors, genitalia on slide J.G.F. 5456; one
male, Brownsville, Texas, 8 May 1967, A. & M. E. Blanchard collectors,
in J. G. Franclemont’s collection. One male, Santa Rosa, Texas, 18 No-
vember 1965; one male, two females, Santa Rosa, Texas, 14 April 1966,
female genitalia on slides A.B. 1353 and A.B. 2269; three males, Browns-
ville, Texas, 5 and 9 November 1969; one male and two females, Santa
Ana National Wildlife Refuge, 23 and 26 October 1970, in A. & M. E.
Blanchard’s collection.

Some specimens of H. benitensis have been in several collections for
a long time. It seems that they were, either set apart for further study
or tentatively identified as H. superba Hy. Edwards. As H. superba
Hy. Edwards (1884) was first synonymized with H. subrotata Harvey
(1874) by Neumoegen and Dyar (1894), this course of action amounted
to doubting the synonymy. This writer, for a time, was among the
doubters.

The female type of H. superba, originally part of the Bolter collec-
tion, is now in the collection of the Illinois Natural History Survey.
Dr. R. W. Poole of that institution and the writer examined it, prepared
its genitalia, took a picture of it (fig. 1), and concluded in agreement
with Neumoegen and Dyar (1894) and Packard (1895), that H. su-
perba, which was described from that single female specimen, is def-
initely a junior synonym of H. subrotata.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 251

10

Figs. 1-10, Heterocampa species: 1, superba Hy. Edw., type @, coln. Ill. Nat.
Hist. Sur., orig. Bolter Coln., slide A.B. 2271; 2, swbrotata Harvey, 2, Sinton,
Texas, Welder Wildlife Found. Ref., slide A.B. 2268; 3, subrotata, &, Sheffield,
Texas, dark specimen, slide A.B. 1343; 4, subrotata, 9, Laguna Park, Texas, dark
specimen, slide A.B. 2267; 5, benitensis, n. sp., holotype ¢, Brownsville, Texas,
slide A.B. 688; 6, benitensis, paratype ¢, Santa Rosa, Texas, slide A.B. 2269: 7,
benitensis, paratype ¢, Santa Rosa, Texas; 8, benitensis, paratype 2, San Benito,
Texas, coln. Ill. Nat. Hist. Sur., slide A.B. 2270; 9, belfragei Grote, ¢, Laguna
Park, Texas, slide A.B. 2187; 10, belfragei, 2, Laguna Park, Texas, slide A.B. 2238.

252 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971

The maculation of H. benitensis, male as well as female, resembles
that of the corresponding sex of H. subrotata, but there are differences,
as can be recognized from a close examination of figs. 1 to 8. Most
typical are the differences in the white apical fascia of the male and
the subterminal spots of the female. The genitalia, male as well as
female, are abundantly different.

H. subrotata is somewhat variable. The ground color varies from a
light ashy green to blackish, and the whitish fascia near the apex may
be entirely missing. It is far from certain that any of these forms de-
serves a subspecific name. Dr. Allan Watson of the British Museum
(Natural History) compared my drawing of slide A.B. 1346 with the
genitalia of the types of H. subrotata and H. celtiphaga and concluded:
“The genitalia of the types subrotata and celtiphaga are identical and
correspond perfectly with A.B. 1346” (fig. 13). He also confirmed
that the expanse given for the type of celtiphaga as 18 mm. should be
28 mm. which is the expanse shown in the figure given with the original
description (Harvey, 1874).

Another Heterocampa species which is still rare in collections, and
as a consequence of this appears to be generally not well understood
is H. belfragei Grote (1879). The male lectotype and three male
paralectotypes are in the British Museum (Natural History). I have
in my collection four males and one female which I consider to be
authentic belfragei, and I hope to clarify the status of this species by
publishing pictures of one male and one female (figs. 9 and 10), a
drawing of the genitalia of the male lectotype (figs. 15 and 15a), and
of my only female (fig. 16).

My specimens agree extremely well with Grote’s original description
(1879) which follows:

“This species is less distinctly marked than usual, of moderate size. The tone
of the forewings is olive gray with a narrow curved brown discal mark, and the
broken subterminal line is composed of brown spots, indented on interspace be-
tween veins 4 and 5, and preceded by a diffuse whitish shade superiorly. A short
narrow curved black basal streak. Median lines double, interspaceably lunate,
indistinct. Hindwings pale, more or less markedly dusky on costa and internal
margin, crossed by incomplete double extramesial shade lines. Thorax like fore-
wings; the tuft behind blackish, and the tegulae edged incompletely with black.

4

Figs. 11, 12, Heterocampa benitensis, n. sp.: 11, ¢ genitalia (A.B. 1361); 1la,
8th sternite; 11b, 8th tergite; llc, right valve, inner aspect (A.B. 688); 12, 9?
genitalia, lateral aspect (A.B. 1353). Figs. 13, 14, H. suwbrotata Harvey: 13, ¢
genitalia (A.B. 1346); 13a, 8th sternite; 13b, 8th tergite; 14, @ genitalia, lateral
aspect (A.B. 1349). Figs. 15, 16, H. belfragei Grote: 15, é genitalia of type,
aedeagus omitted; 15a, aedeagus, vesica exserted; 15b, 8th sternite; 15c, 8th
tergite (slide prepared by J. G. Franclemont); 16, @ genitalia (A.B. 2238). All

lines represent 1 mm.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 253

254 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971

Beneath pale, without markings, except a dark common shade line near the margin
of the wings, which is not always noticeable. Average expanse 36 millimeters.”

Dr. Allan Watson compared the photographs of H. belfragei (figs.
9 and 10) with the specimens in his care and concluded that they “seem
to match the lectotype of belfragei quite well, although the dark spots
on the fringe of the forewing at the distal end of each vein seem to be
much more conspicuous in your specimens than in the type or the three
paralectotypes”. Dr J. G. Franclemont had prepared a slide from the
lectotype and had it on loan from the British Museum when he visited
with us lately. We compared it with my three male slides and con-
cluded that they matched satisfactorily. Three of my specimens were
collected at Laguna Park, Texas, less than fifteen miles from Clifton
(Bosque Co.) where Belfrage lived and is the type locality. Of the
other two specimens in my collection, one was taken at Lake Brown-
wood State Park, the other at Big Bend National Park.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The U.S. National Museum loaned me ten specimens of the new species; Dr. E.
L. Todd arranged the loan of these specimens, informed me of the location of the
type of H. superba, reviewed the manuscript, and made many helpful suggestions.
Dr. R. W. Poole, of the Illinois Natural History Survey, dissected the type of H.
superba and arranged for its loan. Dr. F. H. Rindge examined and dissected
several specimens in the American Museum of Natural History and arranged for
their loan. Dr. Allan Watson of the British Museum (Natural History) compared
my drawings and photographs to specimens in his care. Dr. J. G. Franclemont
suggested this project and offered points of advice all along. To each of these
men I extend my gratitude. I would also like to thank the Bureau of Sport Fisheries
and Wildlife for authorization to collect in the Santa Ana Refuge, and the Texas
Parks and Wildlife Department for authorization to collect in the State owned
Wildlife Management Areas.

REFERENCES

Edwards, Hy. 1884. Apparently new species of N. American Heterocera. Pa-
pilio 4:121-126.

Grote, A. R. 1879. Identifications and descriptions of Noctuidae, with a new
Heterocampa and notes on Nemophila. Can. Ent. 11:205—210.

Harvey, L. F. 1874. New Phalenoid moths. Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. 1:262—
265.

Neumoegen, B. and H. G. Dyar. 1894. A preliminary revision of the Lepidop-
terous family Notodontidae. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 21:179-208.

Packard, A. S. 1895. First Memoir on the Bombycine moths. Nat. Acad. Sci.
Mem. 7:252.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 255

NORTH AMERICAN DELTOCEPHALINE LEAFHOPPERS OF THE
GENUS PLANICEPHALUS WITH NEW GENERIC SEGREGATES
FROM DELTOCEPHALUS
(HoMoprTERA: CICADELLIDAE )

James P. Kramer, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural
Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture}

ABSTRACT—The North American species of Planicephalus Linnavuori are
redescribed, revised, and keyed. Three species are included: P. flavicosta (Stal),
P. flavocostatus (Van Duzee), and P. luteoapicalis (Beamer). Deltocephalus lare-
danus Oman is assigned to Mendozellus Linnavuori, a genus previously known only
from Neotropical America. Deltocephalus marinus Metcalf and Osborn is assigned
to a new genus, Tideltellus. Deltocephalus obesus Osborn and Ball is assigned to
anew genus, Deltazotus. Deltocephalus comesus DeLong and Sleesman is reduced
to a synonym of D. obesus. All critical diagnostic features are illustrated. New
distributional records and host plant data are included.

The genus Deltocephalus Burmeister in North America, as defined
in the past, was a catch-all for numerous species of leafhoppers which
had little in common. Oman (1949) redefined the genus and described
many generic segregates from Deltocephalus. More recent studies of
the Neotropical and Eurasian faunas now show that further restriction
of the genus is necessary for reasons of zoogeography and refinement of
definitions. Two genera, Planicephalus Linnavuori and Mendozellus
Linnavuori, formerly known only from the Neotropics, and two new
genera described here are North American segregates from Deltoceph-
alus. Elsewhere, other species of Deltocephalus listed in Oman (1949:
173-174 ) will be discussed and revised.

Planicephalus Linnavuori, n. status
>

Deltocephalus subgenus Planicephalus Linnavuori, 1954:143. Type-species: Jasstus

(Deltocephalus ) flavicosta Stal.

Small to medium sized deltocephaline leafhoppers (2.4—3.8 mm). Head slightly
wider than pronotum. Anterior margin of head rounded to face. Clypeal suture
obscure. Pronotum of moderate length. Macropterous with forewings extending
much beyond apex of abdomen or submacropterous and exposing tip of abdomen.
Male genitalia: valve large; plates moderately long, stout, subtriangular, with
uniseriate marginal spinelike setae laterally; pygofer strongly setose, entirely
membraneous dorsally except for narrow basal strip, and apex modified; aedeagus
moderately stout and strongly upturned distally, with or without keel or tooth on
ventral margin and appressed finlike processes on shaft; gonopore subapical on
ventral margin of shaft; aedeagus fused with linear connective. Color stramineous
to black with costal margins of forewings yellow.

c/o U.S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. 20560.

256 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971

In Oman’s key to the genera of North American Deltocephalini
(1949:111-119), Planicephalus will trace to couplet 129, Deltocephalus
Burmeister. It can be separated from that genus on the basis of the
largely membraneous dorsum of the male pygofer, the modified distal
portion of the male pygofer, and the subapical gonopore on the ventral
margin of the aedeagal shaft versus largely sclerotized dorsum of male
pygofer, the simple distal portion of the male pygofer, and the terminal
gonopore at the apex of the aedeagal shaft.

Planicephalus Linnayuori (1954:143) was originally described as
a subgenus of Deltocephalus. In my opinion, it is sufficiently distinct
from that genus to deserve full generic status.

Key TO THE NortTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF Planicephalus

1. Crown dark fuscus to black with anterior margin broadly yellow (fig. 1);
aedeagus without a keel or tooth on ventral margin (fig. 6) —
Se ROT INS nee aE Eek RUE Ne et RT luteoapicalis (Beamer)
Crown not as above; aedeagus with a keel or tooth on ventral margin 2
Aedeagus with a large keel on ventral margin (fig. 13) —-----__S

bo

Aedeagus with a variously shaped tooth on ventral margin (figs. 15-16) _—
nee eee eee Laie Le eee nL Se ORI Re Ce VEER ey TLL flavicosta (Stal)

Planicephalus luteoapicalis (Beamer), n. comb.
(Figs. 1-7)
Deltocephalus luteoapicalis Beamer, 1938:81.

Length. Male 2.4-2.6 mm. Female 2.5—3.0 mm.

Structure. Head in dorsal view (fig. 1) bluntly angular at apex, ocelli moder-
ately large and fairly close to eyes; males macropterous; females submacropterous,
exposing part of genital segment dorsally, venation obscure, each appendix reduced,
apical cells shortened, inner anteapical cells usually closed basally, central anteapi-
cal cells divided or not, outer anteapical cells normal or slightly reduced.

Coloration. Venter of abdomen fuscus to dark fuscus, at times with variable
paler areas; venter of thorax yellow with or without touches of fuscus; face yellow
with clypeus, except for upper edge, and upper edges of genae dark fuscus to
black; crown, pronotum, and scutellum (fig. 1) dark fuscus to black, apical portion
of crown broadly yellow; forewings dark fuscus to black, costal margin yellow
posteriorly to a point near base of outer anteapical cell, veinlets from base and
apex of outer anteapical cell broadly yellow or whitish, tip of forewing narrowly
yellowish or whitish.

Male genitalia. Apex of pygofer with a projection dorsally and blunt teeth
ventrally (fig. 5); aedeagus in lateral view (fig. 6) without a keel or tooth on
ventral margin, somewhat constricted on dorsal margin near apex, prolonged
basally; aedeagal shaft in posterior view (fig. 7) slender with gonopore subapical;
style in dorsal view (fig. 2) with mesal lobe moderately long and slender, lateral
lobe broad and blunt; distal portion of style in lateral view (fig. 4) as shown.

Female genitalia. Pregenital sternum narrowed posteriorly, exposing under-

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 257

Figs. 1-7, Planicephalus luteoapicalis (Beamer): 1, head and thoracic dorsum;
2, style, dorsal view; 3, stylar lobes, dorsal view; 4, stylar lobes, lateral view; 5,
apical portion of pygofer, lateral view; 6, aedeagus and connective, lateral view;
7, aedeagal shaft, posterior view.

lying sclerites laterally, posterior margin broadly rounded laterally, concave on
middle half with a variably distinct broad median tooth (Beamer 1938:fig. 7a).

Records. The type locality is San Antonio, Texas. My confirmed
records: TEXAS, Elmendorf, George West, Peeler, San Antonio.

Notes. This species is easily recognized on the basis of the essentially
dark dorsum with the strongly contrasting yellow coronal tip and yel-
low costal margins of the forewings. The male genitalia are unique.
No host data are known.

Planicephalus flavocostatus (Van Duzee), n. comb.
(Figs. 8-14)
Deltocephalus flavocostatus Van Duzee, 1892:116.

Length. Male 2.8-3.3 mm. Female 3.2-3.6 mm.

258 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971

1]

Figs. 8-14, Planicephalus flavocostatus (Van Duzee): 8, head and thoracic
dorsum, light form; 9, same, dark form; 10, apex of pygofer, dorsolateral view;
11, stylar lobes, dorsolateral view; 12, style, dorsal view; 13, aedeagus and con-
nective, lateral view; 14, aedeagal shaft, posterior view.

PROC. ENT. SOC, WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 259

Structure. Head in dorsal view (figs. 8-9) bluntly angular apically, ocelli
moderately large and close to eyes; in macropterous forms, each appendix well
developed, apical cells large, with inner anteapical cell closed basally, central
anteapical cell divided (rarely undivided), outer anteapical cell normal or slightly
reduced (rarely open distally ); submacropterous forms unknown.

Coloration. Highly variable; venter of abdomen and thorax pale brown to
yellowish and moderately to heavily infuscated with only edges of segments paler
to nearly all black; legs with ground color of venter and unmarked or with infus-
cations on apex of hind tibiae and tarsi; face with ground color of venter and
infuscated on clypeal arcs and variably on lower face grading to entirely dark
fuscus or black with few pale markings on upper clypeus and edges of genae;
crown, pronotum, and scutellum (figs. 8-9) with ground color of venter; dark
coronal markings distinct only on distal half, pronotum faintly longitudinally
striped, scutellum darkened at basal angles, grading to entirely dark fuscus or black
with only scattered light areas on crown; forewings brownish subhyaline with
veins irregularly whitish, and apical cells darkened, grading to entirely dark fuscus
with veins irregularly paler only in distal half; in all color forms, costal margin
distinctly yellow posteriorly to a point near base of outer anteapical cell, veinlets
from base and apex of outer anteapical cell to costal margin whitish.

Male genitalia. Apex of pygofer in dorsolateral view (fig. 10) with a thickened,
black or fuscus, short, blunt, irregular projection dorsally; aedeagus in lateral
view (fig. 13) with a large ventral keel and appressed finlike processes near base
and apex; aedeagal shaft in posterior view (fig. 14) slender with gonopore sub-
apical and keel narrow; style in dorsal view (fig. 12) with mesal lobe moderately
long and slender, lateral lobe short; distal portion of style in dorsolateral view
(fig. 11) irregular on ventral margin of mesal lobe.

Female genitalia. Pregenital sternum somewhat narrowed posteriorly exposing
underlying sclerites laterally, posterior margin more or less sinuate, sometimes with

four feebly developed lobes (DeLong 1926:pl. 18; fig. 6a).

Records. The type locality is Mississippi [State College?]. My con-
firmed records: ALABAMA, Auburn; ARKANSAS, Lee Co.; DELA-
WARE, Milford; FLORIDA, Hilliard, Jacksonville, La Belle, Miami,
Palm Beach, Polk City; GEORGIA, Athens; ILLINOIS, Urbana; INDI-
ANA, Lafayette; IOWA, Montrose; KANSAS, Onaga, Topeka, Wichita;
LOUISIANA, Opelousas; MARYLAND, Calloway, Forest Glen, Glen
Echo, Plummers Island; MISSISSIPPI, Sardis, State College; MIS-
SOURI, Buckner, Hollister; NEW JERSEY, Hoboken, Newark; NEW
YORK, Babylon, Poughkeepsie; NORTH CAROLINA, Balsam, Ra-
leigh, Southern Pines; OHIO, Salineville; OKLAHOMA, Watts; PENN-
SYLVANIA, State College; SOUTH CAROLINA, Clemson, Columbia;
TENNESSEE, Hamilton Co.; VIRGINIA, Arlington, Bluemont, Nelson
Co.; WEST VIRGINIA, Fairmont, Mannington.

Notes. Except for DeLong and Sleesman (1929:98), flavocostatus
has been treated as a synonym of flavicosta by previous workers. The
two species are easily separated by the features noted in the key. P.
flavocostatus is widely distributed in the eastern and middle western

260 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 197]

flavicosta

17
18 1g.

Figs. 15-20, Planicephalus flavicosta (Stal): 15, aedeagus and connective,
lateral view; 16, variations in ventral aedeagal tooth; 17, style, dorsal view; 18,
stylar lobes, lateral view; 19, apex of pygofer, dorsolateral view; 20, aedeagal shaft,
posterior view.

states; it is sympatric with flavicosta in Louisiana and Florida. The
only plant associations I have seen with specimens are alfalfa, Bermuda
grass, and crab grass.

Planicephalus flavicosta (Stal), n. comb.
(Figs. 15-20)
Jassus (Deltocephalus) flavicosta Stal, 1862:53.
Deltocephalus (Planicephalus) flavicosta (Stal): Linnavuori, 1954:143-144.

Length. Male 3.3-3.8 mm. Female 3.4—3.8 mm.

Structure. Not different from that of flavocostatus.

Coloration. Within variations described for flavocostatus. Some forms entirely
stramineous with only costal areas of forewings yellow.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 261

Male genitalia. Apex of pygofer in dorsolateral view (fig. 19) similar to that
of flavocostatus; aedeagus in lateral view (fig. 15) with a variably developed
tooth (fig. 16) at center of posterior margin and appressed finlike process near
apex; aedeagal shaft in posterior view (fig. 20) slender with gonopore subapical;
style in dorsal view (fig. 17) with mesal lobe moderately long and stout, lateral
lobe short; distal portion of style in lateral view (fig. 18) irregular on ventral
margin of mesal lobe.

Female genitalia. Pregenital stermum not different from that of flavocostatus.

Records. The type locality is Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. My confirmed
records: FLORIDA, Alachua Co., Archbold Biological Station, Cedar
Keys, Dunedin, Eifers, Hilliard, La Belle, New Port Ritchey, Orlando,
Plant City, Polk City, Royal Palm Park, Venice, Zolfo Springs; LOU-
ISIANA, Opelousas; TEXAS, Brownsville, Goliad, Kerrville, Victoria.

Notes. This species is easily separated from its close relative, flavo-
costatus, by the features noted in the key. P. flavicosta is one of the
most common leafhoppers in the West Indies and Central America; it
has been reported from as far south as northern Argentina. On the
basis of our present information, flavicosta is probably limited to our
states bordering the Gulf of Mexico.

Mendozellus laredanus (Oman), n. comb.
(Figs. 21-25)

Deltocephalus laredanus Oman, 1934:78.

Length. Male 3.0-3.4 mm. Female 3.2—3.4 mm.

Structure. Crown produced beyond eyes and bluntly angular at apex (fig. 21);
ocelli of moderate size and close to eyes; crown in lateral view flattened between
eyes and convex anterior to eyes; forewings long and extending well beyond abdo-
men with inner anteapical cell closed basally, central anteapical cell divided, and
outer anteapical cell normal.

Coloration. Venter of abdomen, thorax, legs, and face pale yellowish brown;
lateral edges of abdominal segments and clypeal arcs at times vaguely darker,
usually with vague dark spot under each ocellus; crown, pronotum, and scutellum
(fig. 21) bright yellowish brown to golden brown and marked with four small
dark spots between ocelli on anterior margin, moderately wide ivory stripe cen-
trally from coronal apex to scutellar apex, often with a pair of narrower longitudinal
ivory stripes flanking each side of central stripe on pronotum; forewings stramin-
eous, subhyaline, veins whitish to ivory and often faintly margined with fuscus,
commissural margins of clavus frequently distinctly ivory and appearing as narrow
extension of central coronalthoracic stripe.

Male genitalia. Male plates bluntly triangular and shorter than pygofer. Aedea-
gus in lateral view (fig. 25) stout and broadly upturned on distal third, with tooth
near ventral margin distally and extreme apex narrowed; distal portion of aedeagus
in posterior view (fig. 24) with gonopore subapical and exceedingly large; style
in dorsal view (fig. 22) with mesal lobe expanded laterally, rugulose laterally
and distally, mesal lobe short and blunt; distal portion of style in lateral view (fig.
23) with mesal lobe expanded anterior to small tooth on ventral margin.

262 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 197]

laredanus

Figs. 21-25, Mendozellus laredanus (Oman): 21, head and thoracic dorsum;
22, style, dorsal view; 23, stylar lobes, lateral view; 24, apical portion of aedeagus,
posterior view; 25, aedeagus and connective, lateral view.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 263

Female genitalia. Pregenital stemum narrowed posteriorly, exposing underlying
sclerites laterally, posterior margin broadly and shallowly excavated with a vari-
ably developed median tooth.

Records. The type locality is Laredo, Texas. My confirmed records:
TEXAS, Alpine, Austin, George West, Laredo, Mission, San Antonio,
Sarita.

Notes. The markings and male genitalia distinguish this species.
The lateral pair of anterior coronal markings are often obsolete. In
heavily pigmented specimens, particularly on the scutellum, the median
ivory stripe is margined with fuscus. The lateral ivory pronotal stripes
may be obsolete.

Mendozellus Linnavuori (1959:117) was described as a subgenus
of Amplicephalus DeLong. In my opinion, it is sufficiently distinct
from that genus to deserve full generic status. M. laredanus is closest
to M. isis (Linnavuori), an Argentine species. Oman, in the original
description, correctly stated that laredanus was more closely related to
several South American species than to the North American species of
Deltocephalus.

In Oman’s key to the genera of North American Deltocephalini (1949:
111-119), Mendozellus will trace to couplet 129, Deltocephalus Bur-
meister. It can be separated from that genus on the basis of the broad
and stout mesal lobe of the style, toothlike projections near ventral
margin of aedeagus distally, and in laredanus, the large subapical gono-
pore on the ventral margin of the aedeagus versus long slender mesal
lobe of the style, no toothlike projections as above, and a small gono-
pore at apex of aedeagus.

Tideltellus, n. gen.
Type-species: Deltocephalus marinus Metcalf and Osborn

Small deltocephaline leafhoppers (3 mm or less). Head wider than pronotum.
Anterior margin of head broadly rounded to face. Clypeal suture obscure or absent.
Pronotum short. Forewings: macropterous and extending beyond apex of abdo-
men or submacropterous and exposing tip of abdomen. Male genitalia: valve
large; plates exceptionally large and exceeding apex of pygofer; plates elongate,
subtriangular, and acute with marginal spine-like setae uniseriate; pygofer strongly
setose; aedeagus transverse and cleft in dorsal or ventral view nearly to base;
aedeagus fused with linear connective. Color stramineous or pale brownish with
limited fuscus to black markings.

In Oman’s key to the genera of North American Deltocephalini (1949:
111-119), Tideltellus will trace to couplet 132, Destria Oman. It can
be separated from Destria on the basis of the small size, 3 mm or less,
the aedeagus cleft nearly to its base in dorsal or ventral view versus
larger size, 4 mm or more, the aedeagus with at most a deep apical
notch in dorsal or ventral view.

264 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971

Figs. 26-32, Tideltellus marinus (Metcalf and Osborn): 26, head and thoracic
dorsum; 27, apical portion of aedeagus, lateral view; 28, distal portion of aedeagus,
dorsal view; 29, aedeagus and connective, lateral view; 30, stylar lobes, lateral
view; 31, mesal lobe of style, dorsal view; 32, style, dorsal view.

Tideltellus marinus (Metcalf and Osborn), n. comb.
(Figs. 26-32)

Deltocephalus marinus Metcalf and Osborn, 1920:110.

Length. Male 2.0-2.5 mm. Female 2.3-3.0 mm.
Structure. Head in dorsal view (fig. 26) bluntly angular at apex, eyes, propor-
tionally large, somewhat bulging, nearly touching posterior margin of pronotum;

PROC. ENT. SOC, WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 265

forewings long and extending well beyond abdomen or shortened and exposing
most of genital segment; in forms with shortened forewings, known only from
females, each appendix reduced and apical cells shortened; in both wing forms,
inner anteapical cell closed basally, central anteapical cell undivided, outer anteapi-
cal cell normal or slightly reduced.

Coloration. Variable; venter of abdomen, thorax, and legs sordid stramineous
to pale brownish variously touched with fuscus or not; face with ground color of
venter and unmarked or with clypeal arcs and rarely irregular areas on lower face
lightly embrowned; crown, pronotum, and scutellum with ground color of venter
and in well marked specimens (fig. 26) with four small black spots on anterior
margin between ocelli, four to six oblique dashes on coronal disc, and six longi-
tudinal brownish stripes on pronotum, frequently only observable markings are
the dark spots at anterior coronal margins; forewings sordid straminous, subhyaline,
with veins concolorous; edges of cells lightly embrowned or not, usually traces
of embrowning most distinct on inner and central anteapical cells.

Male genitalia. Aedeagus in lateral view (fig. 29) transverse and broadly de-
curved on distal third; distal portion of aedeagal shaft in lateral view (fig. 27)
serrated ventrally and concave dorsally; distal portion of aedeagus in dorsal view
(fig. 28) with a finlike structure on each half of bifurcated shaft; style in dorsal
view (fig. 32) with lateral lobe broad and moderately produced and mesal lobe
(fig. 31) long, slender, and somewhat irregular on inner margin; distal portion of
style in lateral view (fig. 30) with preapical tooth on irregular ventral margin.

Female genitalia. Pregenital sternum narrowed posteriorly, exposing underlying
sclerites laterally, posterior margin broadly concave, at times with traces of me-
dian tooth (DeLong 1926:pl. 18, fig. 3a).

Type. Male, Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina, 27 July 1919, H.
Osborn and Z. P. Metcalf, in North Carolina State University Collec-
tion, Raleigh.

Records. The type locality is Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina,
where specimens were collected on a small grass below level of high
tide on tidal flats. My confirmed records: FLORIDA, Cedar Keys,
Clearwater, Daytona, Islamorada, Jacksonville, Key Largo, Key West,
New Smyrna Beach, Tampa, Venice; NORTH CAROLINA, Wrights-
ville Beach.

Notes. Its small size and male genitalia distinguish this species. The
type series was taken on “a very fine-leaved grass” on the seashore in
North Carolina. DeLong (1926:89) reported marinus on prairie grass
at La Belle, Florida, several miles from the tidal conditions. None of
the Florida collections I have studied have host data. The ecology of
this species needs attention.

Deltazotus, n. gen.

Type-species: Deltocephalus obesus Osborn and Ball

Small to medium sized deltocephaline leafhoppers (2.4—-3.8 mm). Head as wide
as or wider than pronotum. Anterior margin of head broadly rounded to face.

266 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971

Clypeal suture absent. Pronotum of moderate length. Forewings macropterous
and extending much beyond apex of abdomen or brachypterous with apices
rounded and exposing up to three and a partial fourth abdominal segment dorsally.
Male genitalia: valve large; plates short and subtruncated apically, with few
uniseriate submarginal spine-like setae and hairlike filaments laterally, and long
hairlike filaments distally on subtruncated portion; pygofer strongly setose; aedea-
gus elongated, bowed, with short pair of ventral processes, and gonopore moder-
ately large, subapical on dorsum of shaft; aedeagus fused with linear connective.
Color light brown or yellowish brown with fuscus or black markings.

In Oman’s key to the genera of North American Deltocephalini
(1949:111-119), Deltazotus will trace to couplet 129, Deltocephalus
Burmeister. It can be separated from Deltocephalus on the basis of
the subtruncated male plates and the presence of ventral aedeagal
processes versus acute male plates without ventral aedeagal processes.

Deltazotus obesus (Osborn and Ball), n. comb.
(Figs. 33-39 )

Deltocephalus obesus Osborn and Ball, 1898:81.
Deltocephalus comesus DeLong and Sleesman, 1929:104. New synonymy.

Length. Male 2.4-3.6 mm. Female 2.8—3.8 mm.

Structure. Head in dorsal view (fig. 33) bluntly angular at apex, ocelli of moder-
ate size and removed from eyes; in long winged forms, each appendix well de-
veloped, apical cells large, with inner anteapical cell closed basally, central anteapi-
cal cell divided, and outer anteapical cell narrow; in brachypterous forms, each
appendix absent, apical cells obsolete or nearly absent, all anteapical cells shortened
with outer anteapical cell often open distally.

Coloration. Variable; venter of abdomen ranging from light brown and variously
infuscated to nearly all fuscus or black; venter of thorax fuscus to black and paler
only at segmental margins; legs pale brown and lightly or heavily infuscated; face
pale brown and marked with fuscus to black on clypeal arcs, all sutures, central
portion of clypellus, upper edges of genae, and spots under each ocellus; crown,
pronotum, and scutellum (fig. 33) light brown to yellowish brown; anterior cor-
onal margin with six small fuscus to black spots, spots vary in size and shape, those
next to eyes usually elongated, coronal disc with blotches of various shades of
brown, blotches often obsolete; pronotum with six longitudinal brownish stripes,
stripes often obsolete; scutellum darkened at anterior angles and at middle or not at
all; forewings whitish subhyaline with veins concolorous, cells not or but slightly
infuscated marginally, infuscation, when present, most distinct in clavus, discal
cell, anteapical and apical cells.

Male genitalia. Valve large with plates short (fig. 38). Aedeagus in lateral
view (fig. 39) elongated, somewhat enlarged apically with ventral margin serrated,
processes small and lanceolate near middle of shaft; distal portion of aedeagus in
ventral view (fig. 36) notched apically, in dorsal view (fig. 35) with gonopore
elongated and U-shaped; style in dorsal view (fig. 34) with rugulose distal cap on
mesal lobe and lateral lobe short and blunt; distal portion of style in lateral view
(fig. 37) with mesal lobe long, subapical tooth on its irregular ventral margin.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 267

obesus

Figs. 33-39, Deltazotus obesus (Osborn and Ball): 33, head and thoracic dor-
sum; 34, style, dorsal view; 35, apical portion of aedeagus, dorsal view; 36, distal
half of aedeagus, ventral view; 37, stylar lobes, lateral view; 38, valve and plates,
ventral view; 39, aedeagus and connective, lateral view.

Female genitalia. Pregenital sternum not exposing sclerites laterally, posterior
margin with a broad and deep U-shaped excavation, with or without a median tooth
(DeLong 1926:pl. 13, fig. 7a).

Type. Male, Arizona [2089], in Iowa State University Collection,
Ames.

Records. The type locality is Arizona. My confirmed records: ARI-
ZONA, Granite Dell, Huachuca Mts., Patagonia, Phoenix, Santa Rita
Mts., Tubac, Tucson, Williams, Yuma; CALIFORNIA, San Bernardino,
San Diego; LOUISIANA, Calcasieu Parish, Creole, Shreveport; NEW
MEXICO, Chaves Co., Eddy Co., Mesilla Park; OKLAHOMA, Hinton,
Willis; TEXAS, Brownsville, Cameron Co., El Paso Co., Harris Co.,
Jackson Co., Kendall Co., Kerrville, Orange Co., Spur, Victoria; UTAH,
Hurricane, Leeds, St. George.

Notes. The male genitalia distinguish this species. Other than
grasses, the host plants are not known. The species has a wide distri-
bution west of the Mississippi River.

268 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971

REFERENCES

Beamer, R. H. 1938. Some new species of leafhoppers (Homoptera-Cicadel-
lidae). Jour. Kan. Ent. Soc. 11:77-84.

DeLong, D. M. 1926. A monographic study of the North American species of
the genus Deltocephalus. Ohio State Univ. Studies 2(13):1-129.

and J. P. Sleesman. 1929. New genera and subgenera from the
genus Deltocephalus. A study of the internal male genitalia of the American
species and their bearing upon taxonomy. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 22:81-114.

Linnayuori, R. 1954. Contributions to the Neotropical leafhopper fauna of the
family Cicadellidae II. A revision of some of Stal’s and Osborn’s Neotropical
leafhopper species. Ann. Ent. Fennici 20:124—145.

. 1959. Revision of the Neotropical Deltocephalinae and some re-
lated subfamilies (Homoptera). Ann. Zool. Soc. “Vanamo’ 20(1):1-370.

Metealf, Z. P. and H. Osborn. 1920. Some observations on insects of the
between-tide zone of the North Carolina coast. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 13:108-117.

Oman, P. W. 1934. New species and a new genus of North American Delto-
cephaline leafhoppers (Homoptera: Hemiptera). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 36:
75-80.

1949. The Nearctic leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). A
generic classification and check list. Mem. Wash. Ent. Soc. 3:1-253.

Osborn, H. and E. D. Ball. 1898. Studies of North American Jassoidea. New
species, dimorphic forms, and early stages of Jassidae. Proc. Davenport Acad.
Nat. Sci. 7:74—100.

Stal, C. 1862. Bidrag till Rio Janeiro-trakens Hemipterfauna II. Svenska
Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 3(6):1-75.

Van Duzee, E. P. 1892. New North American Homoptera. IV. Can. Ent. 24:
113-117.

NABIS PROPINQUUS REUTER RANGES SOUTHWARD
INTO MARYLAND
(HemiprerA: NABIDAE)

Specimens of Nabis propinquus Reuter collected by John L. Hellman in a
swamp on Deal Island, Somerset County, Maryland, on June 29, 1970, represent
a marked southward extension of range along the Atlantic seaboard for that spe-
cies. Blatchley (1926, Heteroptera or True Bugs of Eastern North America, p.
598) reported it as far south as “New England” and Harris (1928, Ent. Amer.
9:52) reported it ranging as far south as the State of New York. The national
collection contains 2 collections from New Jersey (White’s Bay, July 20, 1914, and
Snake Hill, without date) suggesting that the species occurs regularly in marsh
habitats as far south as southern Maryland.

The Hellman series contained 3 brachypterous males, one brachypterous female,
and one macropterous female with membrane reaching onto last pregenital ab-
dominal segment (the second macropterous individual in the national collection);
all the New Jersey specimens are brachypterous. These data add support to
Harris’ (supra, p. 53) statement, “Macropterous examples are extremely rare,
the males perhaps never occurring in this form.”—RicHarp C. FROESCHNER, De-
partment of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. 20560.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 269
FIFTEEN NEW WEST INDIAN CHRYSOMELID BEETLES

Doris H. BLAKE, Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution,
Washington, D. C. 20560

ABSTRACT—Descriptions and illustration are given for fifteen new species of
chrysomelid bettles from various islands in the West Indies.

This paper deals mostly with new species from the Dominican
Republic that were collected by Professor Eugenio de Jesus Marcano of
the University of Santo Domingo and sent to the United States National
Museum of Natural History for determination. Another of his beetles
represents a species described by the writer 30 years ago from poor
material and a drawing of this has been made to correct the earlier
illustration. The other six new species are a miscellaneous lot from
various West Indian islands.

Chaleosicya setosella, n. sp.

CBigs 1)

About 2.8 mm in length, oblong oval, lustrous piceous black with deep reddish
brown tibiae, tarsi, and antennae; evenly covered with short, and on the elytra,
erect, white pubescence; surface below this pubescence on head and pronotum
finely punctate, elytra coarsely punctate, a hair from each puncture.

Head alutaceous and rather sparsely punctate with a short white hair from
each puncture, a wide, depressed furrow from occiput down front, interantennal
area wide and flat, labrum small. Antennae reddish brown, extending below
humeri. Prothorax not twice as wide as long with arcuate sides and sinuous basal
margin, smoothly rounded, only moderately convex, finely and not very densely
punctate with a median smooth line, a short, pale, appressed hair from each punc-
ture, moderately shiny although faintly alutaceous. Scutellum polished, impunc-
tate. Elytra wider than prothorax with sharp humeri and short intrahumeral sulcus
and a transverse depression below basal umbone, punctation coarse and dense and
in transverse depression ridged, finer and not so coarse or dense towards apex, a
short, erect, pale pubescence evenly covering but not obscuring elytral surface.
Body beneath with breast and prosternum hairy but abdomen with scant pubes-
cence, finely punctate and alutaceous; legs with pale pubescence, tibiae and tarsi
reddish brown; femora toothed. Length 2.8 mm; width 1.6 mm.

Type.—Male, U.S.N.M. Type No. 70962.

Type locality—Pico Suarte, Dominican Republic, March 27, 1964.
Eugenio Marcano.

The even, short, erect pubescence over all the elytra characterizes
this species. The beetle is entirely black without bronzy or greenish
lustre.

|. Chalcosicya setosella n.sp. 2.Leucocera c yaneéa n.sp os Chalcosicya humeralis n.sp

4. Leucocera spilota n.sp.

A X
& s
¢ ye
H

a:

G\~
( ) { db

5. Colaspis Purpurea n.sp. 6.0edionychus punclipennis n.sp. T.Colaspis ampli ollis n sp.

Chaleosicya humeralis, n. sp.
(Fig. 3)

Approximately 4.2 mm in length, ovate, shining bronze in color with scattered
long, coarse, white and finer brown pubescence that on the elytra is erectish and
on the pronotum more appressed and denser; surface below pubescence densely
and often contiguously punctate, humeri on elytra very prominent.

PROG. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 271

Head coarsely and contiguously punctate throughout with a median depressed
line from occiput down front, shining with a rosy light beneath the long white
pubescence, mouthparts reddish brown. Antennae reddish brown, extending below
humeri. Prothorax approximately twice as wide as long, sides only slightly curved,
nearly straight, narrowed anteriorly; only moderately convex with sinuate basal
margin; moderately coarsely and contiguously punctate with a bare median line
and with densely appressed white hairs forming scroll-like pattern on sides. Elytra
more than three times as long as prothorax with prominent humeri set off by deep
intrahumeral furrow and acute, sharp curving side, considerably broader than
prothorax, a depression below basal umbone; convex and at apical angle with a
poorly marked costate prominence; surface shining bronzy piceous with dense and
in places contiguous punctures becoming a little finer at apex and with coarse
pale pubescence mixed with finer brown hairs that tend to be erectish and in
somewhat of a transverse alternating pattern. Body beneath with breast and
epipleura densely punctate, abdomen obsoletely punctate, all covered with pale
pubescence; legs with femora bronzy, tibiae and tarsi reddish. Length 4.2 mm;
width 2.7 mm.

Type.—Female, U.S.N.M. Type No. 70963.

Type locality—Los Ramones proximo Palo Alto, Stgo. en Cordillera
Septentrional, 1000 meters alt. Dominican Republic, Aug. 1, 1965, Eu-
genio Marcano.

This is one of the largest species of Chalcosicya and is conspicuous
because of its prominent and sharp humeri set off by a deep intra-
humeral furrow. The elytra are unusually convex, having a poorly de-
fined lateral costa near apex, and the pubescence on the elytra is
noticeable because of pale mixed with finer brown hairs.

Colaspis purpurea, n. sp.

(Fig. 5)

From 5.2 to 5.5 mm in length, broadly ovate, shining deep green or bluish green,
often with a purplish lustre, head sometimes entirely reddish brown but usually
with green metallic lustre more or less pronounced on occiput, lower part of face
reddish brown in 3 of 4 specimens. Antennae and legs reddish brown; pronotum
and elytra densely and elytra coarsely punctate, head with sparse punctation.

Head wide across top but narrowed in lower part with clypeus distinctly sep-
arated, usually rather sparsely punctate with a deep median furrow from occiput
gradually widening to clypeus which is somewhat depressed between antennal
sockets and in type specimen much more densely punctate. Antennae pale reddish
or yellowish brown, slender and extending below humeri. Prothorax approximately
twice as wide as long, densely and moderately coarsely punctate except along
basal margin, lustrous bluish green often with purplish lustre. Elytra fully three
times as long as prothorax and not much wider but more convex, with prominent
humeri; surface densely and coarsely punctate with a tendency to being striate at
base, apex and along sides; somewhat costate on sides and at apex; lustrous bluish
green, often with a violet tinge, in 3 of the 4 specimens. Body beneath dark brown
with a greenish or purplish lustre. Length 5.2-5.5 mm; 3-3.2 mm.

PAO? PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO, 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971

Type—Male, U.S.N.M. Type No. 70964.

Type locality —E1 Cachon, Jimini, Dominican Republic, 2 Oct. 1965,
KE. Marconi.

Other locality —Hatillo Palma, Dominican Republic, 16 Sept. 1964,
E. Marconi.

The type specimen from Jimini is dark green without purplish lustre,
but the three other specimens from Hatillo Palma have a distinct purple
tinge and one is deep violet with a reddish brown head. All of them
have the same head formation which is peculiar to this species—a deep,
widening furrow down the front and a somewhat depressed clypeus
between prominent antennal sockets. All of them have coarse dense
pronotal and elytral punctation. This species is most like Colaspis
alcyonea Suffrian and Colaspis orientalis Blake from Cuba in its dense
punctation and in being bluish green or violet. But it differs from
them both in not having the rounded first tarsal joint in the two pairs
of anterior legs in the male. The tarsal joint is widened but elongate
rather than rounded. The aedeagus is not like that of any other Colas-
pis in the West Indies.

Colaspis amplicollis, n. sp.

(Fig. 7)

Between 4.5 and 5.2 mm in length, broadly oval, lustrous blue green occasionally
with a purplish tinge and with pale yellow brown antennae and legs; prothorax
with distinct but not very dense punctures, elytra also with rather sparse striate
punctation.

Head coarsely and densely punctate throughout, often with faint line down
front, shining green with brown mouthparts. Antennae entirely pale yellow brown,
slender, extending below humeri. Prothorax nearly twice as wide as long
with angulate sides and moderately coarse and rather dense punctures, entirely
shining bluish green. Scutellum shining green. Elytra not much wider than
prothorax and scarcely three times as long, lustrous bluish green with semi-striate
punctures becoming fine at apex, but on sides coarser and with a tendency to
being costate in apical half. Body beneath shining bluish green with yellowish
or reddish brown legs. Length 4.5-5.2 mm; width 2.5-3 mm.

Type.—Male, U.S.N.M. Type No. 70965, and two paratypes.

Type locality—Majaqual, Sanchez, April 12, 1965, E. Marcano.

Other localities —Punta Gorda, Sanchez, April 11, 1965, E. Marcano.

This is a smaller species than Colaspis smaragdula Olivier and more
of the shape of Colaspis fervida (Suffrian) of Cuba, but with yellowish
brown instead of dark legs. The aedeagus, too, resembles that of
fervida. There is, however, no serration on the hind leg of the male nor
are the first tarsal joints of the male so rounded. The prothorax is
proportionately larger than in smaragdula or other species of Colaspis
from Hispaniola.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO, 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 273

Leucocera cyanea, n. sp.

(1Biiezy 94)

Approximately 7 mm in length, broadly ovate, moderately shining blue with a
slightly greenish lustre, and pale antennae; pronotum with less than a dozen coarse
punctures on each side near margin and a row along basal margin, otherwise im-
punctate, elytra with somewhat elongate and not densely placed striate punctures
becoming indistinct near apex.

Head with widely separated, small, entire eyes, occiput and front polished, im-
punctate, a weakly defined median line from occiput down, lower front short, jaws
large and piceous. Antennae short, pale yellowish white with the apical joint pale
brown, joints nearly as broad as long, not enlarged much in apical half. Prothorax
more than twice as wide as long with sides produced acutely beside eye, smooth
and slightly convex, on each side near margin about 7 coarse punctures and along
base a row not extending to middle. Scutellum small. Elytra smoothly convex,
nearly four times as long as prothorax with elongate, well spaced, striate punctures
becoming indistinct near apex and a little larger along sides. Body beneath en-
tirely dark blue with a greenish lustre except tarsal joints which are reddish brown;
claws appendiculate. Length 7 mm; width 4.7 mm.

Type.—? Female. U.S.N.M. Type No. 70966.

Type locality—Esperanza, Dominican Republic, June 25, 1965, Eu-
genio Marcano.

There are at least two other dark blue species of Leucocera, one from
Cuba, apicornis Chev., and the other from Puerto Rico, laevicollis
Weise. The one from Cuba has many more punctures on the sides of
the prothorax and irregularly and closely set striate punctures on the
elytra. It is also of a more purplish color. L. laevicollis Weise from
Puerto Rico has an impunctate prothorax and is of a lustrous purple
color. As in so many other species of West Indian genera, these three
species are very closely related, each island having its distinctive race
differing in small details.

Leucocera spilota, n. sp.
(Fig. 4)

Approximately 7.5 mm in length, broadly ovate, convex, somewhat shiny,
pronotum finely alutaceous, head, pronotum, markings on elytra and undersurface
chocolate brown, background of elytra and antennae, except tip of terminal joint,
pale yellowish white, the scattered semi-striate punctures on elytra brown.

Head broad with widely separated eyes, a median faintly depressed line from
occiput down front, with fine punctures on each side, a groove on inner margin of
eyes and narrow line of punctures along interantennal area; jaws large, head en-
tirely brown. Antennae extending below humeri, pale yellowish white, tip of
apical joint brown, joints 8-11 broader than long and twice as broad as joints
2-5. Prothorax more than twice as broad as long with anterior angle projecting
forward by eye and basal margin somewhat sinuate over scutellum; disc smoothly
rounded but not very convex with finely alutaceous surface and on each side near
lateral margin coarse punctures; a few finer ones scattered in middle and along

274 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971

basal margin; entirely faintly shining, chocolate brown. Scutellum also brown.
Elytra barely three times as long as prothorax, smoothly convex without depressions
except the coarse but not dense semi-striate punctures which are in the form of
conspicuously marked brown spots scattered over the shining pale yellowish white
background. Other chocolate brown markings in form of an irregular spot on
humerus and one in middle of base, a wide irregular band before middle extending
across from margin to margin, and an irregular spot varying in size near apex, also
brown sutural markings varying in width the entire length of suture. Epipleura
pale yellowish white, rest of undersurface and legs shining brown, with punctures
along sides and front of metasternum. Length 7.5 mm; width 6 mm.

Type.—U.S.N.M. Type No. 70967.

Type locality—San Cristobal, Dominican Republic, Eugenio Mar-
cano.

Other locality —Hatillo Palma, Dominican Republic, Sept. 16, 1964,
FE. Marcano.

The pattern of the elytral markings is almost the same as that of 2
of the 3 specimens that I described as Leucocera hoffmani from Hinche,
Haiti, which is in the north central part of Haiti. San Cristobal, the
type locality of this species, is near the southeastern coast of the Domin-
ican Republic, and the other specimen was from Hatillo Palma, which
is in northern Dominican Republic. In 2 of the 3 specimens of hoffmani
there are elytral bands extending from margin to margin. The third
specimen is lacking both bands, having only the median basal and
humeral blotches. The coloring of hoffmani is unlike this species in
that the prothorax and background of the elytra are reddish brown with
the markings an aeneous green. Even the punctures are aeneous green
instead of chocolate brown. This difference in coloring is such that I
believe it cannot be merely a color variety of one species. In addition,
the elytra are proportionately longer in hoffmani being more than three
times as long as the prothorax, whereas in this species the elytra in the
two specimens known is scarcely 3 times as long. This coloring of
chocolate brown on creamy white is unusual in the genus in which the
species are mostly shining blue or green with pale yellow or red spots.

Galerucella decemvittata, n. sp.
(Fig. 9)

Between 3.8 and 5 mm in length, elongate oblong oval, elytra nearly 6 times
as long as prothorax, head and antennae dark brown or piceous, prothorax dirty
yellow brown, elytra with 10 black irregular vittae and between these 8 narrower,
irregular dirty yellow brown vittae appearing somewhat costate; legs yellow with
dark median rings on femora and tibiae, tarsi dark, a fine pubescence over all.

Head with interocular space half width of head, an impressed line from occiput
down front which is wrinkled and alutaceous, lower front short, pale yellow brown,
labrum and jaws dark brown to piceous. Antennae extending slightly below
humeri, 3rd joint longest, remainder almost as broad as long, dark brown or piceous

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 275

gS Hemispaerota quadrimaculata nsp 9.Galerucella decemvitfala n.Sp. 10. Hemisphaerota bimaculata n.sp

I] Oedionychus viridipennis nsp. 12. DiabroTica marcanol n.sp 13. Lactica xanthopus nsp.

[4.CyrTonota cyanea insulae n.subsp, IS, Xenochalepus cyanuraq n.sp. 16.ParalriKona rubescens Blake

with three basal joints slightly paler. Prothorax approximately twice as broad as
long with angulate sides, dirty yellow brown, often with darker shading in de-
pressions down median line and on sides, densely and obsoletely punctate and
with short, fine and appressed, pale pubescence. Scutellum large, usually brown,
with short pale pubescence. Elytra wider than prothorax and usually nearly 6 times
as long, with black irregular vittae composed of sutural and marginal and three
others on each elytron with frequent cross bands, between these dark vittae are

276 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971

narrower yellow brown vittae, often broken, and tending to be costate; surface
rough with obsolete punctures and fine short pubescence. Body beneath dark
brown, legs pale yellow with wide median dark areas on both femora and tibiae,
tarsi mostly dark. Length 3.8-5 mm; width 1.8-2.5 mm.

Type.—Male and 25 paratypes of which 12 are in U.S.N.M., 13 in
collection of Eugenio de Jesus Marcano, at Universidad Autonoma de
Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. U.S.N.M. Type
No. 70968.

Type locality—lLoma de Sicajagua, Janico, Dominican Republic,
July 24, 1965, E. Marcano.

This species closely resembles Galerucella bowditchi Blackwelder
(G. conjuncta Blake) which I described from Port-au-Prince, Haiti.
In that species there are only 8 dark vittae in consequence of which the
beetles appear paler. In both species the dark vittae have the same
tendency towards cross branching, but it is even more developed in
the Dominican Republic species. Also the elytra are longer in most
specimens. This Dominican Republic species was collected in the
northern part of the island in contrast to the type locality of bowditchi,
in southwest Haiti. Large series of both of them are at hand and the
differences are consistent in all the specimens.

Lactica xanthopus, n. sp.
(Bigs 13)

Between 2.8 and 3.4 mm in length, elongate oval, shining, head, prothorax, and
legs pale yellow, elytra bright blue, antennae, breast and abdomen reddish brown.

Head pale yellow except for reddish brown mouthparts, smooth over occiput
with a large puncture on each side near eye and a depression on front above
antennal sockets, an interantennal carina that extends down front. Antennae with
joints 3-5 longer than succeeding joints and becoming deeper brown towards apex.
Prothorax approximately a third wider than long with only slightly curved,
nearly straight sides, a well marked basal sulcus, entirely pale yellow, impunctate.
Scutellum piceous. Elytra about four times as long as prothorax and except for a
short intrahumeral sulcus smoothly convex, lustrous blue, sometimes faintly bluish
green, impunctate. Body beneath with prosternum yellow, meso- and metasternum
and abdomen reddish brown. Legs pale yellow. Length 2.8-3.4 mm; width 1.4—
1.5 mm.

Type.—Male, U.S.N.M. Type No. 70970, and six paratypes.

Type locality—Lucea, Jamaica, collected on Tunera ulmifolia by
Niilo Virkki.

Other locality —Montego Bay, Jamaica, April 1906, VanDuzee.

Lactica xanthotrachelus Blake from Jamaica also has a yellow head
and dark blue or green elytra but the legs are dark and the hind legs
usually have metallic lustre. Lactica darlingtoni Blake, L. albiterminata
Blake, and L. jamaicensis Blake have the upper suface entirely dark

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 PT

metallic blue or green without any pale yellow coloring. The present
species is a little smaller than most of these other ones.

Diabrotica marcanoi, n. sp.

(Fig. 12)

About 7.3 mm in length, elongate oblong oval, shiny, very finely and shallowly
punctate, head, undersurface, except prosternum, tibiae and tarsi piceous black,
antennae with three basal and three terminal joints pale, rest black; pronotum pale
yellow brown with wide median dark vitta and a small dark spot on either side;
elytra pale with wide dark humeral and wide dark scutellar area; two other large
dark areas below and a smaller dark area near apex common to both elytra; femora
pale.

Head with interocular space not quite half as wide as head, occiput and front
shining, impunctate, piceous, with a small median depression over frontal tubercles,
interantennal area slightly produced and this median projection extending down
front, eyes large. Antennae not reaching middle of elytra, slender, 2nd joint very
short, 3rd at least three times as long, 4th subequal to 3rd, 5th longer, remainder
a little shorter and subequal, basal three joints pale yellow brown, terminal three
joints reddish brown, rest black. Prothorax not much wider than long with slightly
curved sides, not very convex and without depressions, shiny, yellowish brown
with a broad piceous median area not quite reaching base and a small lateral spot
on each side, surface finely punctate. Scutellum dark. Elytra wider than prothorax
and not quite five times as long, wider in apical half; a slight costate elevation
from humerus down side, very finely punctate; pale yellow brown with broad
interrupted piceous black bands, one across at base, one above and one below mid-
dle, and a small one at apex. Body beneath with breast and abdomen piceous,
femora yellow, tibiae and tarsi dark, claws with long tooth. Length 7.3 mm; width
3.4 mm.

Type.—Female, U.S.N.M. Type No. 70969.

Type locality—Los Pablones, Jarabacoa, Dominican Republic, Aug.
9, 1964, E. Marcano.

This species is of the same size and shape as Diabrotica pulchella
Jacq. du Val of Cuba. The pattern of dark markings on the elytra is
the same as that of Diabrotica hispaniolae Blake, but hispaniolae is a
smaller beetle and there are no pronotal dark spots on either pulchella
or hispaniolae. In fact, this dark pronotal marking seems to be unusual
in species of Diabrotica. I take pleasure in naming it after Professor
Eugenio de Jesus Marcano of the University of Santo Domingo, who
is an all-around naturalist and a superb collector.

Oedionychus punctipennis, n. sp.

(Fig. 6)

Approximately 5 mm in length, ovate, shining, pronotum finely and elytra more
coarsely punctate, head, undersurface (except prosternum) and legs and wide
vitta on elytra at suture and side piceous black; prothorax, narrow median vitta
and narrow margin of elytra pale yellow brown.

278 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971

Head with interocular space half width of head, occiput polished with a median
depressed line running down front to tubercles and one or two punctures on each
side near eye, tubercles distinctly marked, a short interantennal swelling and wide
labrum. Antennae short, not extending far below humeri, 3rd joint longer than
4th or succeeding ones which are subequal, piceous with apical joints deep reddish
brown. Prothorax more than twice as wide as long at base, narrowed anteriorly
with explanate sides projecting near eyes and with small nodule; disc only a little
convex with a slight linear depression near base, surface shining pale yellow brown
and very finely punctate. Scutellum dark. Elytra wider than prothorax with wide,
pale, explanate margin, a wide piceous sutural vitta common to both elytra, and
on each elytron a wide lateral vitta joining with a narrow dark band at apex the
wide sutural vitta, leaving only a very narrow pale yellow vitta between; surface
shining and more distinctly and more coarsely punctate than pronotum. Body
beneath lightly pubescent and except for pale prosternum and pale epipleura
shining piceous black. Length 5.1 mm; width 3.1 mm.

Type.—Male, U.S.N.M. Type No. 70971.

Type locality—St. Vincent, West Indies, Mt. St. Andrew, N. L. H.
Krauss, 12 Oct. 1947.

The dark vittae in this species are wider than in Oedionychus quad-
rilineatus Harold from Mexico, and united narrowly at the apex. The
elytral color pattern is similar to Oedionychus amplivittatus Blake but
the beetle is smaller and with more distinctly punctate elytra and the
prothorax lacks the dark spots of amplivittatus.

Oedionychus viridipennis, n. sp.

(Fig. 11)

Approximately 6 mm in length, ovate, lustrous, very finely punctate, head,
antennae, prothorax, undersurface and legs yellowish or reddish brown, elytra dark
green with rosy lights.

Head with interocular space more than half width of head, eyes small, occiput
polished, minutely punctate, a median line down front, tubercles well defined,
lower front short and like a shelf over labrum. Antennae extending a little beyond
humeri, 3rd joint long, remainder subequal. Prothorax more than twice as broad
as long with explanate sides narrowed anteriorly and with small tooth at apical
angle, paler yellow brown than the reddish brown head, shining, very indistinctly
punctate. Scutellum dark. Elytra broad, convex, wider in apical half with promi-
nent humeri and short intrahumeral depression; lustrous dark green with rosy
lights, indistinctly and very finely punctate. Body beneath pale yellow brown with
abdomen deeper reddish brown. Femora paler yellow brown than tibiae and
tarsi which are rufous. Length 6 mm; width 3.5 mm.

Type.—vU.S.N.M. Type No. 70972.

Type locality —Aceitillar, Perdenales, Dominican Republic, March
22, 1967, E. Marcano.

There are not many species of Oedionychus from the West Indies,
and instead of green the color of the elytra is usually blue. This species

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO, 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 279

has the same elytral coloration as Disonycha laevigata Jacoby, a species
occurring in the West Indies which differs in having black antennae and
dark tarsi. Oedionychus dugesi Jacoby from Mexico has green or blue
elytra but has a spotted pronotum.

Xenochalepus cyanura, n. sp.

(Fig. 15)

About 7 mm in length, elongate, parallel-sided, bright reddish brown with black
antennae, black legs except near base of femora, and dark bluish purple apical
third of elytra; prothorax with a depression in middle of base over scutellum,
coarsely and contingently punctate, elytra with two costate ridges between suture
and humerus, and a narrower ridge nearer humerus, 10% rows of punctures on
each elytron.

Head deep reddish brown with piceous black quadrangular area between eyes
and below antennal sockets somewhat protruding and roughly punctate, labrum
dark and projecting at right angles from this, on vertex a longitudinal groove.
Antennae filiform, black, joints 1 and 2 somewhat globular, 3rd joint longest,
joints 7 to 11 wider. Prothorax not twice as wide as long with arcuate sides nar-
rowing anteriorly, slightly convex, depressed in middle of base over scutellum,
surface except along basal and anterior margins very coarsely and contingently
punctate, entirely reddish brown. Scutellum reddish brown, alutaceous. Elytra
nearly 5 times as long as prothorax with parallel sides, basal margin sinuate and
on each side of scutellum rounded upwards over base of prothorax, one wide costa
near suture, a second not so wide from within humerus and a third not reaching
apex near margin, 10% rows of deep, coarse, contingent punctures between these
separating ridges; lateral edges finely serrate in anterior half, becoming more
prominently spiny in apical third; in color bright reddish brown with apical third
deep violet blue; apex not emarginate at sutural angle. Body beneath deep reddish
brown with trochanters black and legs except reddish brown base of femora, black.
Front tibiae with a triangular tooth a little before apex. Length 7 mm; width 2.6
mm.

Type.—vU.S.N.M. Type No. 70973.

Type locality—Corail, Haiti, Sept. 10, 1925, W. A. Hoffman.

The apical third of the elytra was originally deep purplish blue in
color, but this coloration was changed to piceous when the specimen
was put in boiling water to relax. The beetle was in coloring similar
to two other hispids from the West Indies,—Octhispa pulchella Suf-
frian from Cuba and Agathispa dimidiata (Olivier) from the Domin-
ican Republic. Octhispa pulchella, in fact, although slightly smaller
has a similar color pattern, the coloring being bright reddish brown
and deep blue, but the elytra lack the costate ridging of X. cyanura.

Hemisphaerota bimaculata, n. sp.
(Fig. 10)

From 4.3 to 4.8 mm in length, nearly round, convex, deep dark blue, on each
elytron, not touching base or suture a large round bright reddish spot. Antennae

280 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971

and pubescence on under side of tarsal joints pale yellow; whole upper surface
very densely and on elytra coarsely and striately punctate.

Head with rounded occiput, a cluster of punctures near eye, eyes large, sep-
arated by antennal sockets, below each of which is a small rounded prominence,
mouth directly below with labrum, often pale, at an angle from plane of front.
Antennae pale yellow brown. Prothorax with sides curving forward on each side
beyond eye and basal margin dipping sinuously down above scutellum, a little
convexity in middle, densely punctate over whole upper surface, more coarsely
on sides. Scutellum squarish and with few punctures. Elytra with sides projecting
forward, not flattened or explanate and smoothly, strongly convex, without much
sign of humeral elevation, surface throughout very densely, deeply and coarsely
punctate, lustrous deep blue with a large roundish red spot on each elytron not
touching either suture or base, but extending to humeral prominences and a little
down the side and not to middle of elytron, large, deep, mostly striate puntures
almost contiguous over entire surface of elytra. Body beneath deep brown with
legs piceous and thick long pubescence on tarsal joints pale yellowish brown.
Length 4.3-4.8 mm; width 3.5-3.8 mm.

Type.—vU.S.N.M. Type No. 70974, and 3 paratypes.

Type locality —Baragua, Cuba, collected by L. C. Scaramuzza, Oct.
13, 1928.

This species is distinct from Hemisphaerota gundlachi Boheman and
H. fallax Suffrian both from Cuba, in that the basal spot on each
elytron is situated nearer the humeral prominence and a little down
the side, and does not touch either the base or the scutellum and ex-
tends farther down the elytron. In addition, the elytral punctation is
denser. In his description of gundlachi Boheman states that the abdo-
men is flavo-testaceous, which is not true of bimaculata in which the
abdomen is piceous. The four specimens examined appear rounder and
less ovate and more like H. xanthocera Boheman which has an all dark
coloring without spots.

Hemisphaerota quadrimaculata, n. sp.

(Fig. 8)

From 7 to 8.2 mm in length, broadly ovate, convex, with an explanate margin,
the anterior rounded explanate margin of prothorax extending forward beyond
eyes and distinctly punctate; disc moderately convex with finer scattered punctures
along basal and anterior margins; elytra with regular, well-spaced, coarse, striate
punctures; deep violaceous blue (one specimen almost black) on elytra four large
bright reddish spots covering most of disc and coalescing at suture and narrowly
at middle; humeri, middle, and apex of disc deep blue, antennae yellow, tarsal
joints with bright yellow pubescence.

Head dark blue, impunctate over occiput, a median line down front, eyes large,
two small swollen humps under antennal bases, a small labrum below projecting
at right angles, mouthparts directly below and on the same plane as front. Antennae
short, filiform, with two basal and end joint longest, all except the dark basal
joint pale yellow. Prothorax with lateral explanate margin protruding forward in

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 281

a rounded area slightly beyond eyes and with a group of rather coarse punctures
along margin, disc moderately convex, depressed over scutellum and with finer
punctures along the very sinuate basal margin and anteriorly, deep violaceous blue.
Scutellum dark, shining. Elytra about four times as long as prothorax, strongly
convex with explanatemargin extending forward along sides of prothorax, coarse,
quite regular, deep, striate punctures somewhat larger in middle of elytra and
smaller along sides and at apex, margin also with rows of punctures, punctures not
so close as in Hemisphaerota erythrocera Germ.; explanate margin, humeri and
disc dark, a dark area in middle almost connecting with a median lateral dark
area extending up side of disc, area between scutellum and explanate margin in
basal portion bright reddish and another reddish area below median dark spot
not extending quite to margin or apex, these bright reddish areas coalescing at
middle and suture. Body beneath entirely dark except for the conspicuous bright
yellow pubescence on the tarsal joints. Length 7-8.2 mm; width 6-6.3 mm.

Type.—Male and one female paratype, U.S.N.M. Type No. 70975.

Type locality—Santiago de las Vegas, Cuba, Agricultural Station,
July 21, 1920, S. C. Bruner.

This is one of the group of blue beetles of which Hemisphaerota
erythrocera Germ. is the type. H. gundlachi Boheman and H. fallax
Suffrian are also from Cuba but differ from this species in having only
two spots near the base. In addition the elytral punctation is denser
in gundlachi, and according to Suffrian the shape of the elytra is more
sharply narrowed toward the apex in fallax than in gundlachi, which
is similar in shape to the present species.

Cyrtonota cyanea insulae, n. subsp.

(Fig. 14)

Approximately 12.5 mm long and 9.5 mm wide, ovate, dark blue, not very
shiny, prothorax rather flat, dull and finely alutaceous, with very fine, nearly
imperceptible, punctation, elytra convex, densely reticulate even to margin, within
each reticulation small punctures.

Head almost concealed under overlying edge of prothorax, occiput smooth, an
interantennal cleft and area below densely and coarsely punctate, labrum and
mouthparts black. Antennae with five basal joints glabrous and brownish with a
bluish or purplish lustre, basal joint thick and round, 2nd joint small, joints 3, 4,
and 5 slender and long, remainder wider, not shiny and with fine brown pubes-
cence. Prothorax more than twice as broad as long, nearly flat, with a slight median
convexity and a depressed line down it; surface finely alutaceous, smooth, deep
blue, sides rounded, basal margin sinuate. Scutellum black. Elytra widening out
below prothorax with wide explanate margin continuing downward except at apex
and not at right angles with convexity of elytra; surface with close reticulate
ridging irregular in shape, the centres being filled with punctures, these ridges,
while not so high, still visible to lateral margin; humeri alone bare. Body beneath
shining deep blue with fine light brown pubescence at end of tibiae and beneath
tarsal joints.

282 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971

Type.—Female, U.S.N.M. Type No. 70976.

Type locality —St. Thomas Island, West Indies.

Cyrtonota cyanea (L.) is from Brazil and up to now only one species
of the genus, (tristigma Boh. from Central America and Mexico) has
been found north of South America. The single specimen collected on
St. Thomas island is similar to the Brazilian specimens of cyanea in the
U.S.N.M. collection in size, shape and coloring. The main difference
is in the reticulations on the elytra. These are much smaller and more
numerous than on the Brazilian specimens, and moreover, although
reduced, are plainly distinct to the margin, which is not the case in the
Brazilian specimens. The punctation on the pronotum in the Brazilian
specimens although fine is more apparent than on the pronotum of the
West Indian specimen.

Paratrikona rubescens Blake
(Fig. 16)
Paratrikona rubescens Blake, 1939, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 41(8):238.

I described this species from two specimens that were collected by
P. J. Darlington, Jr., who wrote that in life they were “rather deep red
with conspicuous white blotches irregularly arranged. . .” On the dried
specimens, however, only a slight trace of white marking remained, so
that in my illustration the beetle appears entirely dark. Thirty years
later several specimens have come to my attention from the collection
of Dr. Eugenio de Jesus Marcano, of the University of Santo Domingo,
Dominican Republic. These were collected in Arroya de Toro, Que-
brada Honda, Dominican Republic. Darlington collected his speci-
mens in Jarabacoa in a deep forest at 1400-4000 ft. elevation. These
recent specimens show the white markings clearly and because my
early illustration is misleading in that I gave no indication of the white
blotches, I have made another figure to correct it.

KEY TO AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS MEZIRA
(HEMIPTERA: ARADIDAE)

NicHo.as A. Kormitev, 102-34 93rd Ave., Richmond Hill, New York 11418
ABSTRACT—The key separates all but two species, horvathi (Bergroth) and

novella Blatchley, of the 89 species and two varieties from the Americas assigned
to the genus Mezira.

During the last few years the number of American members of the
genus Mezira Amyot and Serville has increased by 26 species and two

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 283

varieties making obsolete my last key (1962, p. 260) to the American
species of the genus. Mezira is the largest and commonest genus of
American Mezirinae. To make identifications easier, I am offering a
new, revised key to its 89 species and two varieties: Mezira horvathi
(Bergroth), 1889, from Brazil and Mezira novella Blatchley, 1924,
from southern U. S. A., are again omitted as unidentifiable (also omitted
from my 1962 key).

Key To AMERICAN Mezira SPECIES

Membrane abbreviated, reaching to hind border of tergum IV; con-
nexiva II and III fused together (Jamaica) __......-_--_
2S ARS Nee AS te are Oe brachyptera Kormilev, 1964c

Membrane complete, always surpassing fore border of tergum VI;

Conunexivacllt angle separated 2-2 | 2
Basal angles of scutellum with yellow tubercles, often covered with

WEMOM CULE Gy airs pp se ek te REM de ed a 3
Basal angles of scutellum without such tubercles — fh
Lateral borders of abdomen strongly convex; larger species, over 8.0

TU a ete eR de Meelis 8 Rees ree ek eek en Ena LN 4
Lateral borders of abdomen only slightly convex; smaller species, less

(doen E/ AO DA TT Win (pe Re Rais es Rae Ss See ie Oe eee eee meee B/S 5
Labium long, reaching beyond fore border of prosternum; antennae

and legs with pale rings (Colombia) —_ bouvieri (Bergroth), 1893

Labium short, not reaching hind border of head; antennae and legs
without pale rings (West Indies, Central America)
ie aos od ret ee es ee ee abdominalis (Stal), 1873
Spiracles VII sublateral, or placed near border; lateral notch of pro-
NOt WwAthOUL a projecting) lobe) 22 6
Spiracles VII ventral, placed far from border; lateral notch of pro-
notum with a prominent, flattened lobe bearing radiating ridges
Ar gem tinay) se eens YP 1h birabeni Kormilev, 1953
Spiracles VIII lateral and visible from above; 4 (2+ 2) ridges of
pronotum each with 2 tubercles; connexivum nearly unicolorous
but with brown, round, calloused spots (Brasil) —
See Por 0 Baa ee gradata (Bergroth), 1889
Spiracles VIII dorso-lateral, not visible from below; 4 (2 + 2) ridges
of pronotum without tubercles; connexival segments each pale
brown with lateral margin blackened and apical margin yellow, but

without round, brown spots (Brasil) — luteonotata Kormilev, 1964a
Spiracles VII sublateral, or placed near border _________-___-_--_____. 8
Spiracles VII ventral, placed far from border _—-_-_____________. 22.
Pronotum) not or scarcely sinuate laterally 9
Pronotum distinctly constricted, or sinuate laterally — = 12

Body long and narrow, with parallel sides; paratergites (2 ) as long
as'segment IX (Argentina) —_.__________ formosa Kormilev, 1953

Body elongate ovate, with more or less convex sides; paratergites
(99) Ginucheshorter thanvsegiment: IX. ee 10

284

10(9).

LC 10).

15(13).

16(15).

TAC)

LSCL):

19(18).

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971

Antennal segment III as long as IV, or shorter _. =) 1A
Antennal segment III longer than IV (9:7) (Brasil) —.--
Sate i ae es SE, ee On kjellanderi Kormilev, 1962
Antennal segment III as long as IV (11:11) (Bolivia) _------_
Pel ans eee ae eee set a cet ee a bridarollii Kormilev, 1960a
Antennal segment III shorter than IV (5:6.5) (Brasil)
ee ie Lt ieee eA ee gracilis Kormilev, 1968c
Anterior process of head reaching, or almost reaching, tip of antennal

Cey=500 =) 0) etl (ete heme PP SE a Pt iiersion wien pia ARS Ne Cp tac tf nak nls se 13
Anterior process not reaching tip of antennal segment I 17

. Postocular tubercles produced beyond outer border of eyes 14
Postocular tubercles at most reaching outer border of eyes 15

. Antennae shorter, less than 1.5 times as long as width of head across

eyes; antennal segment III as long as IV (7:7) (Peru) —

Aa aaa d eh Lidl rk Lhe tym SO BEY SORES, inca Kormilev, 1960b
Antennae longer, more than 1.6 times as long as width of head across

eyes; antennal segment III much longer than IV (15:10) (Peru)

Ee Det Mest ea SD RES SLAC OAE CEMSES SR InIe Reena eE eMac armata Kormilev, 1964b
Pronotum deeply sinuate laterally, antero-lateral angles subangular

(Gentral: America) 229 = oe) ee rugiventris (Champion), 1898
Pronotum slightly sinuate laterally, antero-lateral angles rounded —_- 16
Connexivum light brown, each segment with an elongate black dash

basolaterally"\( Brasil!) 2-. ne ne flavicans (Stal), 1860
Connexivum unicolorous brown (Mexico) . championi Kormilev, 1964a
Postocular tubercles produced beyond outer border of eyes —-- 18
Postocular tubercles at most reaching outer border of eyes —------ ai
Antennae slender; postocular tubercles only slightly produced beyond

Outerborder Ove Vesa soe ee, ww on Seer ee ee ee eee 19
Antennae stout; postocular tubercles distinctly produced beyond

Outervbordercobiey esp: sea eee PE See eee 20

Larger species, over 5 mm; genae angular anteriorly; antennal seg-
ment I as long as III (10:10) (Central America) —-_________________
oni BE err. Seu te de crete A angustata (Champion), 1898
Smaller species, less than 4.5 mm; genae rounded anteriorly; antennal
segment I shorter than III (8:9.5) (Guatemala)
Si ct SY se Me iat arte ED Melee ye: Bile teen, pusilla Kormilev, 1968

. Pronotum deeply sinuate laterally, antennal segment I and III sub-

equal in length; segment IX (@) truncate posteriorly (Guate-

DIEU eee eestor le ae SWEDES 3 Sy ey ee divisa (Champion), 1898
Pronotum slightly sinuate laterally, antennal segment I shorter than

III; segment IX ( 2) notched posteriorly (Guatemala) —

ES aly _..... nana (Champion), 1898

. Larger species, over 7.5 mm; body incrustated from above and be-

neath (Central. America, SouthvAmenca) y= = 4a ee ee

ese side. I ee se handlirschi (Bergroth), 1898
Smaller species, less than 6.0 mm; body not incrustate (Mexico) —_

SAT ued BO RIE Oe SP oa ea MATS A BEV OT OORe care PIN yueatana (Champion), 1898

22(7).

23( 22).

24(23).

25( 24).

26(25).

27(24).

28( 27).

29( 28).

30(23).

31(30).
32(31).
33(32).

34(33).

35( 34).

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 285

Spiracles VIII sublateral, lateral, or dorso-lateral, and visible from

COON) . a eS eee Se OME coe a A ee ee te See ee 23
Spiracles VIII ventral, or sublateral, but not visible from above 49
Connexivum bicolored, or at least PE-angles of connexival segments

aresol different color than discs... 0 22 See 24
ConnexVvumsiMico | red yes <1 Ac. DS ater ees BAL ET 30
Postocular tubercles at most reaching outer borders of eyes 25
Postocular tubercles produced beyond outer borders of eyes —- ii

Antero-lateral angles of pronotum forming rounded lobes produced
beyond collar; lateral pronotal notch rectangular; segment IX ( @ )
incised posteriorly (Brasil) — hyperlobata Kormilev, 1962

Antero-lateral angles or pronotum rounded, or angular, but not pro-
duced beyond collar as rounded lobes; lateral pronotal notch form-
ing an obtuse angle, or rounded; segment IX ( @ ) truncate 26

Antero-lateral angles of pronotum expanded and rounded, lateral
notch forming an obtuse angle; spiracles VIII sublateral and
slightly visible from above (Peru) —— halaszfyi Kormilev, 1960b

Antero-lateral angles of pronotum forming a right angle, neither pro-
duced forward, nor sideways; lateral borders sinuate; spiracles
VIII lateral and clearly visible from above (Peru) —

OS AD ee ene ae ne ee amazonica Kormilev, 1962
Hypopygium ( ¢ ) cordate (Venezuela) —__ barberi Kormilev, 1964a
ELyDOpy ei (4G) P ClODOSE, — ene Bete AD 5 er ee ee 28
Hypopygium wider than head across eyes (28:25) (Central America,

South pAmerica))! £2) 22% te ceed regularis (Champion), 1898
Hypopygium at most as wide as head across eyes (22:22) 29
Head relatively wider, ratio length: width across eyes as 27:32;

hypopygium ( 4 ) with a subtriangular, median ridge not reaching

aApexsGiadise t(Brasil, see ene Sek 8 romani Kormilev, 1962
Head relatively narrower, ratio length: width across eyes as 27.5:30;

median ridge of hypopygium with parallel sides, reaching tip of

Gisen a Nlexico) ee eee eke ee variegata Kormilev, 1968b
Jugae very long, dentiform and bent downward as tusks (Cuba) _-
cubana Kormilev, 1960c

Juzae monnalsmoe bentidovwawarcs se 31
Spiracles VIII dorso-lateral (Guatemala) — constricta (Champion), 1898
Spiraciesmvlll lateral tose) eee Mh 2S 2 A ee 32
Pronotumunct sinuate: laterally: 2220-2. 2 ea ee 33
Pronotumnore) or less'sinuate laterally 2... ss ees 40
Bodyawaith, parallelipsides: (2-22 2.9 6 ie ee 34
Body with more or less convex, rounded sides > 36
Pronotum as wide as abdomen; paratergites ( 2 ) reaching middle of

Segments xy (Brasil)ic2 22 ==. 2 | ligneola ( Bergroth), 1894
Pronotum slightly narrower than abdomen; paratergites ( 2 ) almost

Teaching wtpNOL Se wiment UX) 1) sea 35
Larger species, over 7.5 mm; antennal segement I much shorter than

IO (tubes (Onesie Ws Ss NG) reducta Van Duzee, 1927

Smaller species, less than 6.0 mm; antennal segment I slightly longer
thane @Argentina)! 2 = )2==) enh aee vianai Kormilev, 1953

286

36(33).

37(36).

38( 37).

39( 38).

40( 32).

41(40).

42(41).

43(40).

44( 43).

45(43).

46( 45).

47(46).

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971

All ridges on pronotum obsolete or absent; paratergites ( 2 ) longer

than segment IX (Brasil, Argentina) reuteri (Bergroth), 1886
Ridges on pronotum always prominent; paratergites ( 9 ) shorter, or

as: Jongvasiseymenty Xa. 2 init oa ae Safe eid sire Pepretes Foose 37
Larger species, over 7.0 mm (West. U. S. A.) _ pacifiea Usinger, 1936
Smaller ‘species. lessithan 6>,mmh 2-4 see oa Si 38
Apical angle of corium rounded; paratergites (9) reaching tip of

segmentol xa (Bolivia) sates Bale andina Kormilev, 1965
Apical angle of corium angular, or subangular; paratergites ( )

reachingymidale’ ofysegment li kue2 1s la bern. chal ee Nace ee 39

Anterior process of head short, reaching %4 of antennal segment I;
antennal segment III only slightly longer than IV (8:7) (Peru)
Eines cine Wels leeds Sse we. Lh heels par ok peruviana Kormilev, 1960b

Anterior process long, reaching tip of antennal segment I; antennal
segment III much longer than IV (9.5:6.5) (Brasil)

SAS AYES VETS AEA VALS ull Se, ee ee timida Kormilev, 1968c

Postocular tubercles produced far beyond outer borders of eyes 4]
Postocular tubercles not produced, or only slightly produced beyond
outersborders4obiey eS seme xeon» eee ee ee 43

Head distinctly shorter than width across eyes (18:22); pronotum
slightly sinuate laterally; ridges of pronotum poorly developed;
stanulation fine’ (Brasil) = sangabrielensis Kormilev, 1962

Head as long as width across eyes (17:17); pronotum strongly sinu-
ate laterally; its ridges very prominent; granulation rough —___- 42

Antennal segment I slightly longer than III (10:9); body covered
with short, curled hairs (Argentina) —_ tartagalensis Kormilev, 1953

Antennal segment I distinctly shorter than III (15:17.5); body cov-
ered with long, erect bristles as well as short, curled hairs (Mex-

£60) fh faa ce ao ee a i ete i Oo Rern eS Ate ON at \ pilosa Kormilev, 1968c
Postocular tubercles very small, not reaching outer borders of eyes 44
Postocular tubercles small, but slightly produced beyond outer bor-

GETS: .OFNCVESR 2.0. it ued. an ea Le ee eee 45

Antennal segment I longer than III (14:12); antennal segment II
shorter than III (10:12); segment IX (@) small, rounded or
truncate posteriorly ( Bolivia, Venezuela) _ boliviana Kormilev, 1962

Antennal segment I only slightly shorter than III (15:16); antennal
segment II much shorter than III (11:16); segment IX ( ? )
notched posteriorly (Argentina) aaatt: proseni Kormilev, 1953

Larger species, over 7.0 mm; anterior process of head almost reach-
ing tip of antennal segment I (U.S. A., Mexico) —...--
oe RS eI EE ees oe So Is ore eae emarginata (Say), 1832

Smaller species, less than 6.5 mm; anterior process of head reaching

at most 4sof, antennal ’segment/1)2 = = eee ee ee 46
Lateral borders of pronotum slightly sinuate; anterolateral angles

rounded, but not lobate (Mexico) _.-- dybasi Kormilev, 1968b
Lateral borders of pronotum strongly constricted laterally; antero-

lateral angles of pronotum forming rounded lobes —---- 47

Connexivum incrustate above and beneath; anterior lobe of pro-
notum narrower than hind lobe (43:50); all carinae on pronotum

48( 47).

51(50).

52(51).

53(51).

54(53).

55(53).

56(55).

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 287

very sharp, covered with curled, incrustate, yellow hairs ( Vene-
TAUCL EY) al ek ee eee ee eRe De sanmartini Kormilev, 1968a
Connexivum without incrustation; fore lobe of pronotum much nar-
rower than hind lobe (43:53); all carinae less sharp, curled hairs
Nvato@uteinenistatiomis 246. 05.7% sm Cee ie ee ete eee meteeee eee 48
Antennal segment I distinctly shorter than III (10:12.5); para-
tergites ( @ ) shorter, reaching at most middle of segment IX; me-
dian ridge of hypopygium ( ¢ ) reaching, or almost reaching tip of
aiseu(@ Mexican e252 ae Vee sty paraangustata Kormilev, 1968b
Antennal segment I only slightly shorter than III (12:13); para-
tergites (2) longer, reaching *%4 of segment IX; median ridge of
hypopygium ( ¢ ) reaching % of disc (Brasil) —___________»___
cS Seat TO IN EA TD ek eee ee pauperula Kormilev, 1962
Anterior process of head reaching, almost reaching, or produced be-
vondttipLomantennalsegment | 8 Vee eee 50
Anterior process reaching at most *4 of antennal segment I 61
Postocular tubercles very small, by far not reaching outer borders of
eyes; venter smooth and shiny (Panama, South America) —
Se aun by ik ht al gil i een aed laeviventris (Champion), 1898
Postocular tubercles larger, almost reaching, reaching or produced

beyond outer borders of eyes; venter normal, scabrous ——---- 51
Connexivum and venter with round, redbrown, or yellowbrown, cal-

omseclin sino stuns ese ee A oe 52
Connexivum: and venter without such spots —..._.._.--_- 53

Larger species, over 10 mm; black, base of membrane with a V-form,
white spot; connexivum with PE-angles and round, callous spots
redbrown, or yellowbrown (Colombia, Bolivia) ——
1a A eh ee ees 2 ee punctiventris (Stal), 1873

Smaller species, less than 7.0 mm; brown, base of membrane without
V-form, white spot; connexivum tricolored: redbrown, outer bor-
der black, and PE-angles and round, callous spots, yellowbrown

G@Rawagiays pst. 2 et paraguayensis Kormilev, 1968a
Gonnexivunrebicolonyet.- 28 a ee 54
(Chovawaveraivenian “Conan (ON ee 55

Postocular tubercles reaching outer border of eyes; paratergites ( ? )
large, as long as segment IX (Chile, Patagonia) —__________
ste et Ln ee eee ee EOE, americana (Spinola), 1852
Postocular tubercles produced beyond outer borders of eyes; para-
tergites (9 ) reaching only middle of segment IX (Brasil) —
meses ce es AAS oe) ee plaumanni Kormilev, 1966
Median ridge of hypopygium ( ¢ ) evenly raised backward —_ 56
Median ridge of hypopygium, if any, horizontal 57
Larger species, over 5.5 mm; antennae relatively shorter, ratio be-
tween length of antennae and width of head across eyes as 1.22:1
@Angentina)) Mind 4) oe eee argentinensis Kormiley, 1953
Smaller species, less than 5.25 mm; ratio between length of antennae
and width of head across eyes as 1.35:1 (Brasil, Uruguay) —
BARS se Ss Sa rials kote eb he a en minor Kormiley, 1960c

288

57(55).

58(57).

59( 57).

60(59).

61(49).
62(61).

63(62).

64(62).

65(65).

66(61).

67(66).

68( 66).

69(68).

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971

Paratergites ( 2 ) very short, reaching 4% of segment IX 58

Paratergites larger, reaching at least % of segment IX 59

Head short, ratio between length and width across eyes as 1:1.18
(British. Guiana, eer Sie £e ee Se guianensis Kormilev, 1964a

Head almost as long as width across eyes 1:1.07 (Argentina)
ee MR OER od ak dS she RAS Sh BE Se Be saltensis Kormilev, 1953
Anterior process of head reaching, or almost reaching, tip of antennal
segment I; hind lobe of pronotum not dilated anteriorly _ 60
Anterior process produced beyond tip of antennal segment I; hind
lobe of pronotum dilated anteriorly (Guatemala) —
PE | ees See Ree ee eee Eee maculiventria (Champion), 1898
Larger species, over 7.5 mm ( 9 ); head wide, ratio between length
and width across eyes as 1:1.17; pronotum short and wide, ratio
length: width as 1:2 (Brasil) eurycephala Kormilev, 1960a
Smaller species, less than 6.5 mm ( 2 ); head narrow, ratio between
length and width across eyes as 1:1.14; pronotum longer and nar-
rower, ratio length: width as 1:1.18 (Brasil) _. earioea Kormilev, 1964a

Postocular tubercles slightly produced beyond outer border of eyes. 62
Postocular tubercles at most reaching outer borders of eyes —.- 66
Conriexavurmibicol ored) & 9.25.2 oY a ese oe Naa 63
Connexivumunicolored . = SA. a on ee es ge 64

Larger species, over 7.5 mm; granulations of the body very coarse,
forming rows, or groups; head as long as width across eyes (Brasil,
Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentina) ____________ granuligera (Stal), 1860

Smaller species, less than 6.0 mm; granulations fine and evenly dis-
tributed; head much shorter than width across eyes (24:27)

(CBraicill) ieee ces it ee Sh eee costalimai Kormilev, 1964a
Large species, length over 6.5 mm; antennal segment I shorter,
ratio between length of segments I and III as 1:1.3 — 65

Small species, length less than 6.0 mm; antennal segment I longer,
ratio between length of segments I and III as 1:1.15 (Argentina )
29 an RII 2 Be Ne PNR Ae OA Pa ER a le spissigrada Kormilev, 1960a
Lateral borders of pronotum distinctly constricted in the middle;
paratergites (2) large, rounded, reaching 4% of a small segment
LX((CentraleAmerica)) neotropicalis (Champion), 1898
Lateral borders of pronotum only slightly sinuate; paratergites ( 2 )

shorter, reaching basal 4 of segment IX (Mexico) —
nasalis Kormilev, 1968b

Connexivum bicolored) or tricolored ee 67
Connexivirmsuni Col cree eae ee ee ee 68
Larger species, over 8.0 mm; segment IX ( 2 ) truncate posteriorly
(Angentinas Brasil) ease eeenaerenenass paragranuligera Kormilev, 1953
Smaller species, less than 7.0 mm; segment IX ( @) small, subtri-
Eloveqnl bie ((|[ehoavukcel)) ee jamaicensis (Bergroth), 1906

Body covered with long, erect bristles (Mexico)

i pe ig aon etn dy ee ha ee longipilis (Champion), 1898
Body, with short, curled soreerectsnains pee ee oe 69
Spiracles VIII sublateral, but not visible from above —---- 70
Spiracles VIII ventral, placed further from margin —-----__-_- 79

70(69).

75(74).

76(75).

COZ)

78(77).

79( 69).

80(79).

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 289

Anterior process of head very short, reaching at most 4% of antennal
Revenant ect eee ee een es WE oe ee i!

Anterior process of head longer, reaching at least 4% of antennal seg-
TOMS WU) Aue are ee ae ee pode, Wie 115 jr bel) Js ee 72

. Antennal segment I much shorter than III (11.5:15) (Ecuador) —_
wih SN Soe Oe oe cso, ee Le ee cameras obscura (Distant), 1893
Antennal segment I as long as III (Guatemala) — lata (Champion), 1898
. Anterior process of head longer, reaching % of antennal segment I 73
Anterior process reaching only 4% of antennal segment I _---.-- 77
aeleadaas)longras widtin acrossveyesy 22. <2) Tee a 74
Head distinctly shorter than width across eyes —---__-_-------------- 715

. Larger species, over 8.0 mm; antennal segment I much longer than
HT (20215:5) (Venezuela): 2 crenulata Kormilev, 1968a

Smaller species, less than 7.5 mm; antennal segment I shorter than
Mie (122 5a) (Mexico)! 2s § Wee occidentalis Kormilev, 1968b
ay eSecond valviternormial 92.02.85 eee occidentalis s.str.

Second valvifer with a finger-shaped appendix ————---_-_______--
gagexi th) eins var. appendiculata Kormilev, 1968b

Antennal segment I distinctly shorter than III (12:15) —- 76
Antennal segment I only slightly shorter than HII (10:11) (Puerto
TEST CO Mplsl cath) pment eget eee eee ae placida Kormilev, 1968a
a. Median ridge of hypopygium reaching 4 of disc (Puerto
13 U(C Oy) js eat tl eee RIO lee osc. eT oe placida s.str.
Median ridge of hypopygium almost reaching tip of disc
Gilat) ie fo oo 2 eae var. haitiensis Kormilev, 1968a

Antennal segment I distinctly longer than IV (12:10) (Mexico)

PR we OPiein anh 2. eee mexicana Kormilev, 1964a
Antennal segment I as long as IV (8:8) (U.S. A.) ——---------------------

eRe AUTEN hp 2 Fs Vc, ON OE So granulata (Say), 1832
Lateral borders of pronotum only slightly sinuate; 4 (2 + 2) ridges

of pronotum weak; postocular tubercles reaching outer borders of

EVESMEN TENT CO)))\. eco as eater sees Ss moesta (Stal), 1862
Lateral borders of pronotum distinctly constricted; 4 (2 + 2) ridges

of pronotum sharp; postocular tubercles not reaching outer bor-

GETSHOPEYESe t= = tela Se St iy hee he ee ee 78
Antennal segment I shorter than III (10:11.5); paratergites (9) very

short, reaching basal %4 of segment IX (Costa Rica) —

is ds, 9) ee Wy ee paralata Kormilev, 1964a
Antennal segment I longer than III (15:13); paratergites ( 2 ) sub-

triangular, reaching % of segment IX (Trinidad) —-----

AE NERS DY ee Oe eee Ween trinidadensis Kormilev, 1956
earge).species vlengthvover #.O:mim), 4 -.-- 1 ae 80
Smallispecies, lencth less. than, 7-0 mun 2 aa 84
Antennae longer, almost twice as long as head wide across eyes

(Ci ee OO ee eee 81
Antennae shorter, ratio length of antennae: width of head across

CVCS ASH OleOle ce = a cr le A 82

290

81(80).

82(80).

83( 82).

84(79).

85( 84).

86( 85).

87( 84).

88( 87).

PROC, ENT, SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971

Head as long as width across eyes; antennal segment I much longer
thangll (GS 31275) = (US As Canadas seumeen ee lobata (Say), 1832
Head distinctly shorter than width across eyes (32.5:35); antennal
segment I moderately longer than II (17.5:14) (Mexico) —_
ESET PEE ee a ee ee carinata Usinger, 1936
Anterior process of head short, reaching at most 34 of antennal seg-
ment I; antero-lateral angles of pronotum produced forward as far
as collar; tergum VIII ( 2 ) deeply sinuate posteriorly, segment IX
truncaten GNTexico)) =e. ees geese rugicornis (Champion), 1898
Anterior process long, reaching at least *%4 of antennal segment I;
antero-lateral angles of pronotum produced beyond collar; tergum
VII ( 2 ) weakly, if any, sinuate posteriorly, segment IX rounded
posteriorly, fo 22 =) ere na ee 2 Se en eer a ee 83
Wide species, ratio length: width of the body as 2.33:1; anterior
process of head reaching at least °4 of antennal segment I; anten-
niferous tubercles very wide at base; antero-lateral angles of pro-
notum evenly rounded, crenulate (Bolivia, Colombia, Brasil)
Sok NS eto a Se Re ee Pe neonigripennis Kormilev, 1953
Narrow species, ratio length: width of the body as 2.44:1; anterior
process reaching at most *4 of antennal segment I; antenniferous
tubercles narrow at base; antero-lateral angles of pronotum more
produced forward than sideways (Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil)
Tee) er SA CE misionensis Kormilev, 1953

Head at least as long as width-across.eyes. <2 2 85
Head distinctly shorter than width across eyes ___.-_--_--__-___-__-__ 87
Head longer than width across eyes (30:27.5); antennal segments I

and III equal in length (Ecuador) —. ecuatoriana Kormileyv, 1968a
Head as long as width across eyes; antennal segment I shorter than

TTT) pe Aste Peete Bee ONS h: Se OS eet Ei ee ee 86

Larger species, over 7.0 mm; antennal segment I distinctly shorter
than III (8:13); body not incrustate (West. U. S. A.)
Ae his ON) bh Re en Rig Aer dens SoBe eee Lk vanduzeei Usinger, 1936

Smaller species, less than 7.0 mm; antennal segment I only slightly
shorter than III (9:10); body incrustate above and beneath ( Para-
quay Argentinas brasil) ee nigripennis Usinger, 1936

Antennal segment I as long as III, II longer than IV (9.5:8); inner

ridges of pronotum flattened, less prominent than outer ridges

(Mexico) ea ee veracruzensis Kormilev, 1968b
Antennal segment I slightly shorter than III (8:9), II at most as long
as IV; all 4 ridges of pronotum equal in height 88

Large species, over 6.5 mm; anterior process of head reaching 7 of
antennal segment I; postocular tubercles reaching outer borders
of eyes (Argentina): 8A ces ae eee bruchi Kormilev, 1953
Small species, less than 6.0 mm; anterior process reaching *4 of an-
tennal segment I; postocular tubercles reaching, or mostly pro-
duced beyond outer borders of eyes (Argentina)
shee eae EERE pens WHORE SEL OP NLS Pend = Po Bens Oy bonaerensis Kormilev, 1960a

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO, 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 291

REFERENCES

Amyot, C. J. B. and G. A. Serville. 1843. Histoire Naturelle des Insectes.
Hemipteres. Paris.
Bergroth, E. 1886. Zur Kenntnis der Aradiden. Verhandl. Kaiserlich-K6nigl.
Zool. Bot. Gesellsch. Wien 36:53-60, 1 pl.
1889. Novas Aradidarum species. Wien. Ent. Zeit. 8(2):49-52.
1894. Forsatta bidrag till Aradidernas kannedom. Ent. Tidskr.
15(2):97-118.
1898. Aradides nouveaux. Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Natur. 3:149-151.
1906. Notes on American Hemiptera I. Can. Ent. 38: 198-202.
Blatchley, W. S. 1926. Heteroptera or true bugs of eastern North America, with
especial references to the faunas of Indiana and Florida. Nature Publ. Co., In-
dianapolis, 1116 pp., illustrated. Aradidae pp. 287-331.
Champion, G. C. 1898. Biologia Centrali-Americana, London. Heteroptera
2:67-117, 3 pl.
Distant, W. L. 1893. Descriptions of new genera and species of Neotropical
Rhynchota. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 91-92.
Kormiley, N. A. 1953. Aradidae (Hemiptera) Argentinae II. Acta Zool. Lill.
13:207-256, 3 pl.
1956. Notas sobre Aradidae Neotropicales VI (Hemiptera). Ann.
Soc. Cien. Argent. 162: 148-159, 1 p.
1960a. Notas sobre Aradidae Neotropicales VIII (Hemiptera).
Ann. Soc. Cien. Argent. 169:83—94, 1 pl.
1960b. Notas sobre Aradidae Neotropicales X (Hemiptera). Rev.
Soc. Urug. Ent. 4:3-17, 1 p.
1960c. Notes on Neotropical Aradidae XI (Hemiptera). Jour.
New York Ent. Soc. 68:208—220, 1 pl.
1962. Notes on Aradidae in the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum,
Stockholm (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). Ark. Zool., Ser. 2, 15(14):255-273, 2 pls.
1964a. Notes on Aradidae in the U. S. National Museum III. Sub-
family Mezirinae (Hemiptera). Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 115(3483):245-258, 1
pl.
1964b. Notes on Aradidae in the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum,
Stockholm (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). Ark. Zool., Ser. 2, 16(23):463-479, 1 pl.
1964c. Neotropical Aradidae XIII. Jour. New York Ent. Soc. 72:
112-119, 1 pl.
1965. Notes on Neotropical Aradidae XV (Hemiptera). Opus.
Zool. 84:1-7, 1 pl.
. 1966. Notes on Neotropical Aradidae XVI (Hemiptera-Heterop-
tera). Studia Ent. 9(1—4):515—521, 1 fg.
1968a. Notes on Aradidae in the U. S. National Museum V
(Hemiptera-Heteroptera ). Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 125(3651):1-16, 1 pl.
1968b. Notes on Neotropical Aradidae XVII, Aradidae in the Field
Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). Ann.
Soc. Ent. France, (N.S.) 4(2):279-289, 1 pl.
1968c. Notes on Neotropical Aradidae XVIII ( Hemiptera-Heter-
optera). Papeis Avulsos Dept. Zool., SAo Paulo 22(6):47-56, 1 pl.
Say, T. 1832. Descriptions of new species of heteropterous Hemiptera of North

292 PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971

America, p. 1-39 [In J. L. Leconte’s “The Complete Writings of Thomas Say on
the Entomology of North America,” 1:350-355].

Spinola, M. 1852. Aradidae, Orden Hemiptera, in Gay, Historia fisica y politica
de Chile, 7:221-320.

Stal, C. 1860. Bidrag till Rio Janeiro-traktens Hemipter-fauna. Kongl. Svenska
Vetenskaps Akad. Hand. 2(7 ):66-68.

1862. Hemiptera Mexicana enumeravit speciesque novas descripsit.

Ent. Zeit. 23:437—439.

—. 1873. Enumeratio Hemipterorum; Enumeratio Aradidorum Ex-
traeuropearum III. Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps Akad. Handl. 11(2):135-147.
Usinger, R. L. 1936. Studies in the American Aradidae with descriptions of

new species. (Hemiptera). Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 29(3):490-516, 2 pls.
Van Duzee, E. P. 1927. Notes on Western Aradidae. Pan-Pac. Ent. 3:139-142.

NORTH AMERICAN GRASSHOPPERS OF THE GENUS ARGIACRIS,
INCLUDING TWO NEW SPECIES FROM IDAHO
(ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE: CATANTOPINAE)

ASHLEY B. GuRNEY, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural
Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture

ABSTRACT—The genus Argiacris comprises four species and one additional
subspecies of brachypterous catantopine grasshoppers superficially resembling cer-
tain species of Melanoplus. They are as follows: A. rehni Hebard, southcentral
Montana; A. militaris militaris (Scudder), militaris laticerea, n. subsp., keithi, n.
sp., and amissuli, n. sp., from central Idaho. Except for amissuli, the Idaho species
all occur above 8,000 feet in habitats of scant vegetation. A. amissuli and rehni
occur at about 5,000 feet elevation, in a zone which includes some sagebrush.

In comprehensive ecological and systematic surveys of Idaho grass-
hoppers during recent years by Merlyn A. Brusven, Department of
Entomology, University of Idaho, Moscow, and Keith Evans, Plant
Protection Division, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Twin Falls, Idaho,
and their associates, several collections of the poorly known genus
Argiacris have been made. In August 1969 I was privileged to spend
a week with them in a variety of Idaho habitats, and additional
collections of the genus were made. Then, in August 1970, Brusven,
Evans and Allen C. Scoggan spent several days on a pack trip in the
area about 25 miles northwest of Stanley, Idaho, and collected a large
number of A. militaris at numerous points, so it is now possible to pro-
vide a synopsis of the several known species.

Argiacris was established by Hebard (1918), and its relationships
were discussed briefly by Rehn and Randell (1963) and Gurney and
Rentz (1964). The species resemble superficially some brachypterous
species of Melanoplus, but especially when compared with the type

‘Mail address: c/o U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 293

species of Melanoplus, M. femurrubrum (De Geer), Argiacris differs
in the width of the mesosternal interspace, patterns of epiphallus and
aedeagus, and the amount of body pubescence. Several species-groups
now assigned to Melanoplus do not belong there in a strict sense, but
removal must await further revisionary studies.

Material of Argiacris is now sufficient to show that two well defined
species-groups are represented. One consists of the type species, A.
rehni Hebard, and amissuli, n. sp.; they have short nearly attingent or
sometimes overlapping tegmina, moderately robust form, and inhabit
rocky gravelly soils likely to support some sagebrush at about 5,000
feet elevation. The other group includes militaris militaris (Scudder),
militaris liticerca, n. subsp., and keithi, n. sp.; they have short lateral
tegmina, smaller build, and inhabit rocky areas usually with scant
vegetation and above 8,000 feet. The latter group is closely related to
the genus Agnostokasia of Mono Co., Calif., but the general shape of
the male cerci suggests that two genera are represented.

I would like to express appreciation to the Idaho entomologists
mentioned here and those cited in collecting records for their contri-
bution toward this review of Argiacris, also to Kenneth J. Goeden,
Oregon Department of Agriculture, Salem, Oreg., who participated in
our 1969 collecting trip and contributed numerous chill-dried speci-
mens. My colleague Arthur D. Cushman has assisted with the illus-
trations.

KEY TO SPECIES OF Argiacris BASED CHIEFLY ON MALES

1. Tegmina attingent or nearly so, sometimes overlapping; larger, hind femur 10

FIMITINN OTA OM ORO RED arn ee ace te DE nk Selene, eR RL ei es Pee alee 2
Tegmina widely separated, lateral; smaller, hind femur usually not longer
nein Cin, Se ae ine et Aer. See ee Se ee 3

2. Tegmen tapering sharply in apical third (fig. 10); aedeagus with ventral
valves unspecialized apically (fig. 16). (South-Central Montana)
se a oe re SE) SUT ee ee eerie rehni Hebard

Tegmen more broadly rounded in apical third (fig. 9); aedeagus with ven-
tral valves specialized apically (fig. 17). (East-Central Idaho)
a ree ES ee? ee ce amissuli, n. sp.

3. Arms of furcula very short (fig. 2); pronotum with dark color pattern,
blackish on lateral lobes and extending as an indefinite band across pro-
notal disk (fig. 15); aedeagus as in fig. 20. (Central Idaho, chiefly area
of Middle Fork of Salmon River and nearby) keithi, n. sp.

Arms of furcula longer (fig. 3); disk of pronotum without a dark transverse
band (fig. 14); aedeagus with dorsal valve very different from above

4. Cercus slender (fig. 6); tegmen narrow (fig. 11); specialized lateral piece
of aedeagus with sclerotized dark vertical support (fig. 18, sus) extend-
ing dorsally a short distance beyond portion of main stem (msa) which
surrounds its base. (Central Idaho, chiefly Sawtooth and Challis National
HOLEStS)) pee A ed Le militaris militaris (Scudder)

294 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971

Cercus wider, usually as in fig. 8; tegmen averaging wider, as in fig. 12 or
nearly as broad; lateral piece of aedeagus with sclerotized dark vertical
support (fig. 19, sus) longer, extending further dorsally beyond sur-
rounding base of main stem (msa). (East-Central Idaho, chiefly Lemhi
Ram ge))iy sa Sete ee ices 20a: Se vee eee keene eee ke militaris laticerea, n. subsp.

Argiacris rehni Hebard
(Figs. 1, 5, 10, 16, 21)

Argiacris rehni Hebard, 1918: 167, pl. 8, fig. 18.

The type locality is Livingston, Park County, Montana, elevation
5,000 feet; the holotype male is at the Academy of Natural Sciences,
Philadelphia. The original material consisted of 10 specimens collected
July 29, 1909, “on the ridge of a slope of a bare hogback showing
numerous cherty exposures. The ground there showed rather scant
vegetation with tufts of a peculiar woolly plant all about.” Later,
Hebard (1928:291) recorded additional specimens (17 males, 9 fe-
males) collected at Livingston in 1905 and 1906. I have seen more
recently collected specimens from Olaf (near Twodot), Wheatland
County, and 12.5 miles north of Big Timber, Sweet Grass County,
Montana, as noted by Gurney and Rentz (1964).

The aedeagus of rehni is characterized by an elongate dorsal valve
(fig. 16, dv) fused apically to a specialized apex of a dark sclerotized
mesal portion of the main stem of the aedeagus. The apex of the dorsal
valve is prominent as illustrated by Gurney and Rentz (1964, fig. 15)
when exposed, but in KOH treatment the less sclerotized extreme apex
sometimes is reduced, so that it extends only a short way above the
associated apex of the main stem, shown in fig. 16. The arms of the
furcula are short, comparable to fig. 2 of keithi. Hebard’s original
habitus illustration is a good representation of general appearance, in-
cluding attingent tegmina.

Argiacris amissuli, n. sp.

(Hi gse "408 7722)

Holotype—Male. Head in dorsal view with ratio of interocular distance to
width of a compound eye 8:14; lateral margins of shallow fastigial sulcation nearly

>

Fig. 1, Map showing distribution of Argiacris spp. Figs. 2-13, Structures of
Argiacris spp.: 2, keithi, n. sp., furcula and supra-anal plate, holotype; 3, militaris
laticerca, n. subsp., furcula and supra-anal plate, holotype; 4, amissuli, n. sp., left
cercus, holotype; 5, rehni Hebard, left cercus, near Big Timber; 6, militaris militaris
(Scudder), left cercus, Twin Peaks; 7, keithi, left cercus, holotype; 8, militaris
laticerca, left holotype; 9, amissuli, left tegmen, holotype; 10, rehni, left tegmen,
near Big Timber; 11, militaris militaris, left tegmen, ¢, Twin Peaks; 12, militaris
laticerca, left tegmen, ¢ paratype; 13, keithi, left tegmen, ¢ paratype, Twin
Peaks. Fig. 14, militaris militaris, general view, 9, Twin Peaks. Fig. 15, keithi,
general view, @ paratype, Twin Peaks. (Figs. 2-15 by Arthur D. Cushman)

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 295

Argiacris spp.
& subspp.

x amissuli

o rehni

4 keithi

@ militaris
mB m.laticerca

militaris

296 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971

parallel, more so than in rehni males; frontal costa with trace of sulcation, not
narrowed; antennal flagellum with 21 articles.

Median carina of pronotum indistinct but evident on prozona, distinct on meta-
zona, cut by 3 sulci; posterior margin enclosing about 130° of angulation, the
point bluntly rounded; tegmina extending to posterior margin of tergum 2, over-
lapping slightly; individual tegmen as in fig. 9; hind wing rudimentary; legs as
in rehni, hind tibial spines 11 mesal, 9 and 10 external.

Supra-anal plate a little narrower than in keithi (fig. 2), arms of furcula of
similar length but directed straight posteriorly instead of curving laterally; cercus
(fig. 4) with ventral margin thin, flangelike; subgenital plate bluntly conelike at
apex.

Concealed genitalia (KOH preparation in glycerine contained in microvial )
with aedeagus (figs. 17, 22) very distinct from rehni; ventral valves erect, twisted
near apex to display earlike apical lobes posteriorly; dorsal valves closely appressed
apically to ventral valves, more heavily sclerotized; specialized lateral piece (slp)
of main stem a membranous flangelike strip attached mesally to dorsal valves;
epiphallus almost like rehni, but lophi in anterior view show more constriction of
mesal margins than rehni.

Coloration: General ground color grayish brown; eyes, metazona of pronotum,
and tegmina brown; head and prozona light gray; front and middle legs and
antennae tinged with orange white; abdomen same, with some dark dorsal blotches;
hind femora with 2 dark transverse bars, also at base and apex, ventral surface
livid red; hind tibiae pale orange white, tinged mesally with pinkish.

Measurements (in millimeters): Length of body, 18.0; pronotum, 5.3; hind
femur, 10.4; front femur, 3.8; greatest width of pronotum, 4.5; hind femur, 3.1;
front femur, 1.1.

Specimens examined: Holotype. IDAHO: 13.2 mi. n.w. Howe,
Butte County, on [along] Little Lost River, about 5,000 ft., [among]
dry, sparse sage, Aug. 18, 1965 (Gary Forsyth) (U.S. National Museum,
Type no. 71048).

Keith Evans, who has been associated with the collector, reports
that repeated attempts to collect specimens additional to the unique
type have been unsuccessful. The name amissuli is from the Latin
meaning “of something small which is lost,” in allusion to the Little
Lost River.

>

Figs. 16-25, Aedeagi of Argiacris spp.: 16, rehni Hebard, dorso-posterior view,
near Big Timber; 17, amissuli, n. sp., dorso-posterior view, holotype; 18, militaris
militaris (Scudder), dorso-posterior view, Imogene Pass; 19, militaris laticerca,
n. subsp., dorso-posterior view, paratype; 20, keithi, n. sp., dorso-posterior view,
paratype, Twin Peaks; 21, rehni, lateral view, anterior surface to left, near Big
Timber; 22, amissuli, lateral view, anterior surface to left, holotype; 23, militaris
militaris, lateral view, anterior surface to left, Imogene Pass; 24, militaris laticerca,
lateral view, anterior surface to left, paratype; 25, keithi, lateral view, anterior
surface to left, paratype, Twin Peaks. Abbreviations: ca, curved appendage at
apex of dorsal valve; dv, dorsal valve of aedeagus; msa, main stem of aedeagus;
slp, specialized lateral piece of main stem; svs, sclerotized vertical support of
specialized lateral piece; vv, ventral valve of aedeagus.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 297

keithi

298 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971

Argiacris keithi, n. sp.
(Bigs. 1075 355. 20)225)

Holotype-—Male. Head in dorsal view with interocular distance in comparison
to width of a compound eye as 5:14; fastigium shallowly sulcate; frontal costa
almost flat, not narrowed at median ocellus or union with fastigium; compound
eyes more bulging than as shown in fig. 15 for female; antennae filiform, flagellum
of 22 articles.

Median carina of pronotum on pronotum evanescent but evident, distinct on
metazona, cut by principal sulcus only; posterior margin of pronotum a little
more rounded than figured for female; tegmen as in fig. 13; hind wing rudimentary;
front and middle femora more robust than in female; apex of hind femur even in
length with apex of abdomen.

Supra-anal plate (fig. 2) slightly acute at apex; furcula present as short arms
with rounded apices; cercus (fig. 7) with broad shallow sulcation of exterior
surface; subgenital plate bluntly, inconspicuously conelike dorsally at apex.

Concealed genitalia (KOH preparation in glycerine contained in microvial ) with
distinctive aedeagus (figs. 20, 25); ventral valves (vv) slender, curving broadly
laterally and anteriorly in apical halves; principal appendage of each half consisting
of weakly sclerotized portion of main stem of aedeagus (msa) fused to dorsal
valve (dv); latter well sclerotized, specialized at apex with slender curved append-
age (ca) dorso-anteriorly; epiphallus with slender ancorae; lophi erect, broadly
rounded apically.

Coloration: Dorsal portion of occiput anteriorly to narrow point between eyes
solidly blackish; fastigium dirty gray; remainder of head pale yellowish mottled
with varying shades of gray; eyes orange-brown; pronotum orange-brown, grayish
on ventral part of lateral lobes, dorsal two-thirds blackish, shiny on lobes of pro-
zona, dull dark brown across disk dorsally; tegmen brown, veins yellowish, most
noticeably so in anal area; dorsum of abdomen blackish, marked with pale gray
as in fig. 15; supra-anal plate grayish brown, margins pale; ventral surfaces mainly
pale yellowish; hind femur pale yellow with 2 dark transverse bands visible dor-
sally and laterally; basal and knee areas dark brown, some pinkish mesally and
ventrally; hind tibiae pinkish-red; other legs pale orange; surface of body with
conspicuous light gray pubescence, especially on pronotum and dorsum of abdo-
men.

Measurements (in millimeters): Length of body, 17.0; pronotum, 4.2; hind
femur, 8.7; front femur, 3.2; greatest width of pronotum, (including lateral lobes
viewed from above ), 3.3; hind femur, 2.3; front femur, 1.0.

Allotype-—Female. General appearance (fig. 15) larger and more robust than
male. Ratio of interocular distance to width of an eye as 8:14; cercus bluntly
triangular; “scoop” of dorsal valve of ovipositor shallowly concave.

Coloration: Differing from male in smaller blackish area on occiput and grayish
instead of orange-brown general color of pronotum.

Measurements: Length of body, 24.0; pronotum, 4.9; hind femur, 10.1; front
femur, 3.3; greatest width of pronotum, 4.9; hind femur, 2.7; front femur, 0.8.

Variation: Paratypes agree essentially with the holotype and allo-
type. Dark markings on the dorsum of the head vary between the
approximate extremes described for type and allotype; variation is not

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 299

correlated with sex. The blackish transverse mark on the pronotal
disk and the pale dorsal areas of the abdomen vary in intensity, prob-
ably due in large part to post-mortem changes. Eight male and 6 fe-
male paratypes have measurements as follows: Length of body of
males, 14.6-17.0, average, 15.9; of females, 19.0-22.5, average, 20.9; of
pronotum of males, 3.4-4.2, average, 3.8; of females, 4.2-4.9, average,
4.4; of hind femur of males, 8.0-9.1, average, 8.5; of females, 9.0-9.7,
average, 9.4.

Specimens examined: 31 males, 20 females. IDAHO: Flume Creek
Point, 7 mi. s.w. Meyers Cove, Lemhi Co., 9,200 ft., Sept. 2, 1967
(Brusven), 2 males; Sleeping Deer Mtn., about 4 mi. s. Woodtick
Divide, about 16 mi. s.w. Meyer's Cove, 8,400-9,500 ft., Sept. 9, 1968
(Brusven), 1 male, 2 females; Twin Peaks, 14 mi. n.w. Challis, Custer
Co., about 10,000 ft., Aug. 26, 1969 (Brusven, Goeden, Scoggan), 28
males, 18 females (includes holotype and allotype).

The type and allotype and a portion of the 30 male and 19 female
paratypes are deposited in the U.S. National Museum (No. 70906) ;
other paratypes are deposited at the University of Idaho, California
Academy of Sciences, the Twin Falls Laboratory, U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Twin Falls, Idaho, and Oregon Department of Agricul-
ture, Salem, Oregon.

The habitat at Twin Peaks extended from just a few hundred feet
below and south of the Lookout building at the summit near the road
along a ridge running mainly southward. Specimens were found chiefly
on barren rocky gravelly ridges and talus slopes showing very little
soil development; vegetation consisted of clumps of fescue grass and
forbs, along with occasional conifers.

The 3 localities at which keithi has been collected are within about
20 air miles from each other in a rugged mountainous section near the
Idaho Primitive Area.

The species is named as a tribute to Mr. Keith E. Evans in recognition
of his energetic and dedicated efforts, over a period of many years, to
assemble comprehensive series of Idaho grasshoppers.

Argiacris militaris militaris (Scudder)

(Figs. 1, 6, 11, 14, 18, 23)
Melanoplus militaris Scudder, 1897a: 9, 33; 1897b: 126, 224, pl. 15, fig. 3.

Scudder gave the original material and type locality as “One male,
1 female. Soldier, Logan County, Idaho (L. Bruner).” The male
lectotype, designated by Rehn and Hebard (1912:82), was originally
in the Bruner Collection, is now at the Academy of Natural Sciences,
Philadelphia. Today Soldier is a very small place, not on many maps,
which is just north of Fairfield, Camas County. Currently, no Idaho

300 PROG. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 197]

county is named Logan. In an atlas dated 1900, the vicinity of Soldier
was Elmore County, and an 1888-89 atlas called it Alturas County; it
may have been called Logan County at some other time.

The probable source of the type is the high mountains near the
present Soldier Mountain skiing area or northeast of there in the Camas
Prairie section. Bruner (1890) visited Soldier and mentioned partic-
ularly “Camas Prairie of Logan County, Idaho.” He revisited the area
in 1891 (Bruner, 1891) and reported that he “found specimens of at
least three species that I believe are new hoppers. These were all
taken at about 9,000 feet elevation.” Then or soon afterward, Scudder
was working on his time-consuming Revision of the Melanopli, which
apparently was completed by December 1895, so it is logical to believe
the Bruner specimens were loaned to Scudder soon after their capture.

I have examined the following material, none of which has been
recorded previously except the type and that from Galena Summit.
IDAHO: Twin Peaks, 14 mi. n.w. Challis, Custer Co., about 8,500 ft.,
Aug. 26, 1969 (Gurney ), 3 males, 2 females; 16 mi. n.w. Challis, Custer
Co., July 29, 1963 (O. O. Fillmore), 2 males, 1 female; 1 to 3 mi. e.
Soldier Lookout, 8,400-8,800 ft., Aug. 25, 1970, 27 males, 9 females;
2 mi. w. Cutthroat Lake, 9,000 ft., Aug. 24, 1970, 5 males, 4 females;
1% mi. s. Cutthroat Lake, 8,500 ft., Aug. 24, 1970, 17 males, 10 females;
Soldier Lake Pass, 1 mi. w. Soldier Lakes, 8,400 ft., Aug. 24, 1970, 18
males, 7 females; Upper Helldiver Lake, 8,200 ft., Aug. 23, 1970, 13
males, 9 females; 1 mi. n. Roughneck Lookout, 8,600 ft., Aug. 23, 1970,
16 males, 9 females; Roughneck Peak, 9,100 ft., Aug. 27, 1970, 9 males,
8 females; Edith Lake, 10 mi. s.w. Obsidian, 8,600 ft., Aug. 10, 1966
(Brusven & Evans) 2 males, 1 female; Imogene Pass, 10 mi. s.w.
Obsidian, about 8,500 ft., Aug. 9, 1966 (Brusven & Evans) 1 male, 1
female; Edith Lake, 10 mi. s.w. Obsidian, 8,600 ft., Aug. 10, 1966
(Brusven & Evans) 2 males, 1 female; Imogene Pass, 10 mi. s.w. Ob-
sidian, about 8,500 ft., Aug. 9, 1966 (Brusven & Evans) 1 male, 1
female; Galena Summit, Sawtooth Range, 8,750-9,225 ft., Aug. 17,
1928), (Rehn & Hebard) 2 males, 1 female; Bald Mtn., 6 mi. w.
Ketchum, Blaine Co., 9,230 ft., Aug. 27, 1969 ( Brusven, Evans, Goeden,
Gumey, Scoggan) 15 males, 4 females; “Soldier, Logan County, Idaho.
L. Bruner,” 1 male (lectotype).

The 7 localities from Soldier Lookout to Roughneck Peak are in the
Challis National Forest, Custer County, and average about 25 miles
northwest of Stanley. Collections at these localities were made by
Brusven, Evans, and Scoggan. Edith Lake and Imogene Pass are adja-
cent to the Sawtooth Primitive Area, about 8 miles directly south of the
southern end of Redfish Lake. Obsidian is about 1% miles east of High-
way 93, about 18 miles southeast of Stanley.

Only a little variation in shape of cercus (fig. 6) has been noted.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 301

The apical third of tegmen in a few specimens is not narrowed as
noticeably as in fig. 11, which is the usual shape. The dorsal lobe of
the dorsal valve usually is recurved as shown in the right side of fig.
18, but sometimes extends dorso-laterally as shown at the left of the
same figure. The Imogene Pass specimen illustrated in fig. 18 is asym-
metrical, as drawn.

At Twin Peaks most of the specimens were found on boulders of a
talus slope with only scattered vegetation present, in a place about 2
miles from the keithi site and at least 1,000 feet lower. At Bald Moun-
tain they occurred in a nearly level area on the coarse stony ground
surface at the summit.

Argiacris militaris laticerea, n. subsp.

(Figs. 1, 3, 8, 12, 19, 24)

Holotype.—Male. Externally agreeing with keithi and militaris militaris in most
characters except as mentioned in key: Head in dorsal view with interocular dis-
tance in relation to width of a compound eye as 5:11; flagellum of antenna with
20 articles.

Median carina of pronotum on prozona evident only on anterior half; tegmen
a little more slender than drawn from paratype (fig. 12), ratio of maximum width
to length 11:26.

Supra-anal plate (fig. 3) without distinct lateral specialization; furcula ex-
tending about one-third length of plate; cercus as in Fig. 8.

Concealed genitalia (KOH preparation in glycerine) with ventral valves (vv)
prominent, broadly tapered apically, with striated surface structure conspicuous;
specialized lateral piece of aedeagus (fig. 19, slp) on each side extending dorsally
more than in militaris militaris, the vertical supporting rod (svs) prominent; each
dorsal valve with specialized apical portion borne mesoanteriorly, the area of
attachment heavily sclerotized and dark, the basal lobe short, somewhat twisted
and with a broad face directed anteriorly, the dorsal lobe long and very slender;
epiphallus similar to that of keithi, an individual lophus seen dorsally more elongate
than in keithi.

Coloration: Whole dorsum of head blackish generally, with some small gray
streaks, remainder of head whitish gray; eyes orange-brown; ventral third of
lateral lobes of pronotum dirty gray, remainder of pronotum black, duller and
with very few gray streaks on disk; tegmen brown, a little paler in anal area; dor-
sum of abdomen blackish, spotted with pale chiefly toward apex; supra-anal plate
yellow-gray, furcula very pale orange; ventral surface and legs as in keithi.

Measurements (in millimeters): Length of body, 16.0; pronotum, 3.7; hind
femur, 8.8; front femur, 2.9; greatest width of pronotum, 3.3; hind femur, 2.3;
front femur, 1.0.

Allotype—Female. General appearance much as shown in fig. 14 for militaris
militaris, but tegmina broadly rounded apically. Ratio of interocular distance to
width of an eye from above 8:13; cercus very broadly triangular; apex of dorsal
valve of ovipositor more sharply upturned posterior to “scoop” than in allotype
of keithi.

Coloration: General color a speckled brownish-gray, the pattern essentially as

302 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971]

illustrated for typical militaris; pronotum dull, black area on lateral lobes not
sharply defined; tegmina reddish brown.

Measurements: Length of body, 20.5; pronotum, 4.5; hind femur, 9.5; front
femur, 2.6; greatest width of pronotum, 4.5; hind femur, 2.6; front femur, 0.7.

Variation: The cerci of about half of the 19 male paratypes are not
quite so broad proportionally as in fig. 8, though broader than in typical
militaris (fig. 6). Tegmina of several paratypes of both sexes are inter-
mediate between figs. 6 and 8. Several paratypes are reddish brown in
general color instead of blackish gray as in the majority of specimens.
Reddish hind tibiae and dark banding of hind femora are uniform.
Nine male and 5 female paratypes have measurements as follows:
Length of body of males, 15.0-17.0, average, 16.1; of females, 21.0-24.5,
average, 22.7; of pronotum of males, 3.5-3.7, average, 3.6; of females,
4.44.7, average, 4.5; of hind femur of males, 8.2-9.4, average, 8.7; of
females, 10.0-10.5, average, 10.1. Body length of males is very variable,
depending on the degree of curvature anterior of the posterior seg-
ments, so it is hardly a dependable indication of size.

Specimens examined: 20 males, 12 females. IDAHO: Meadow Lake,
6 mi. (by road) s.w. Gilmore, Lemhi Co., 9,000 ft., Aug. 24, 1969
(Brusven, Goeden, Gurney, Scoggan), 16 males, 5 females (including
type and allotype); same, July 27, 1961 (W. F. Barr), 2 males, 1 fe-
male); Aug. 30, 1962 (G. B. Hewitt) 1 female; same, (W. F. Barr), 1
female; Aug. 17, 1966 (Brusven, F. Nonini) 2 males, 4 females.

The holotype, allotype, and a portion of the 19 male and 11 female
paratypes are deposited in the U.S. National Museum (No. 70907);
other paratypes are at the University of Idaho, California Academy of
Sciences, and Oregon Department of Agriculture, Salem, Oregon.

The only locality at which militaris laticerca has been collected is
a rocky talus slope, west exposure, at about 9,000 feet altitude, some
300 yards north of Meadow Lake, near a park and picnic area, which
in turn is 6 miles s.w. from the deserted old mining town of Gilmore.
The habitat is sparsely vegetated with fescue grasses, sedges and
scattered forbs.

Because of variation in comparative width of tegmina and of male
cerci, some specimens are not readily distinguished from typical mili-
taris by those characters. It has been possible to distinguish all males
by the aedeagus, but there is some variation. Also, there is such a close
similarity of aedeagus in the 2 entities, in contrast to quite different
aedeagal details of militaris militaris and keithi, that it is unlikely that
laticerca is more than a subspecies of militaris. Although the popula-
tion of laticerca may be isolated, it probably is in the process of evolving
from militaris-like stock, and regarding it as a subspecies is the best
interpretation of its relationship. The name laticerca refers to the wide
cercus.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 303

REFERENCES

Bruner, Lawrence. 1890. Report on a local outbreak of grasshoppers in Idaho.
Insect Life 3:135-141.

1891. Grasshopper notes from Idaho. Insect Life 4:146.

Gurney, A. B. and D. C. Rentz. 1964. A new spine-throated grasshopper from
the White Mountains of California. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (Ser. 4) 31:503-513,
19 figs.

Hebard, Morgan. 1918. New genera and species of Melanopli found within the
United States. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 44:141-169, 18 figs.

1928. The Orthoptera of Montana. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.
80:211-306, 2 pls.

Rehn, J. A. G. and M. Hebard. 1912. Fixation of single type (lectotypic)
specimens of American Orthoptera. Sec. 1. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 64:
60-128.

and R. L. Randell. 1963. A preliminary analysis of the lines of the
supertribe Melanoplini. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 115:1-32, 127 figs.

Seudder, S. H. 1897a. The species of the genus Melanoplus. Proc. Amer.
Philos. Soc. 36 (No. 154):5-35 (Published in April).

1897b. Revision of the orthopteran group Melanopli, with special
reference to North American forms. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 20:1-421, 26 pls.
(Published in December).

A NEW SPECIES IN THE GENUS URSIA BARNES & McDUNNOUGH
(LEPIDOPTERA: NOTODONTIDAE )

ANDRE BLANCHARD, P. O. Box 20304, Houston, Texas 77025

ABSTRACT—The adult male of Ursia furtiva, n. sp., is described from the Big
Bend area of Texas.

Ursia furtiva, n. sp.

Male.—Head hirsute, clothed with mixture of long, narrow, blackish and whitish
scales. Antennae bipectinate, of about 45 segments; pectinations extending almost
to apex of shaft; each pectination with two rows of numerous setae. Eyes round,
diameter about 0.75 mm. Front wedgeshaped, 0.40 mm wide below, 0.90 mm
wide at top. Palps filiform, porrect, minute, shaggy.

Thorax hirsute all over, gray above and beneath. Scales of the collar back row
black.

Legs with long, narrow, loose, grayish scales on top side of all three tibiae.
Tarsi smoothly scaled, black, narrowly white distally.

Abdomen: no notes made before dissection.

Wings above: pattern of maculation clearly shown by fig. 1. The color varies
in saturation but not in hue from white to browish black, except narrowly around
discal bar at end of cell, where it tends to become a little yellowish.

304 PROC. ENT. SOC, WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971

Fig. 1, Ursia furtiva, n. sp., holotype male, Big Bend National Park, Pine
Canyon, 2 September 1964, 5200 feet.

Wings beneath: forewings gray, darker along veins in outer half. Basal two
third of costa dark brownish gray, outer third white with three black spots cor-
responding to similar spots above. Disc of wings covered with thinly-scattered
long thin hairs. Hindwings white except along dark brownish costa.

Wing expanse: 22 mm.

Genitalia: as in figs. 2 to 4. The upper part of broken juxta is attached to
aedeagus, while lower part remained attached to valves.

Female.—unknown.

Holotype: male, Big Bend National Park, Pine Canyon, 2 Sept.
1964 (5200 feet), deposited in the U.S. National Museum, type number
64648.

The new species is known only from the holotype. The most prom-
inent features of the pattern of maculation—the dark spots beyond the
lower part of the post-median line, the intervenular dark dashes in
cells M; and Ms, and the crescent shaped spot on costa near apex—are
similar to those of U. noctuiformis B. & McD., the only other species
known in the same genus, but they are much more heavily marked in
furtiva.

The genitalia are quite distinctive: the uncus of furtiva is much
narrower and triangular; the socii are straight instead of angled or bent;
but perhaps the most striking difference is the presence of two acute
sclerotized projections on the posterior margin of the sternal plate of
the eighth abdominal segment instead of only a rounded one.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 305

Figs. 2-4, Ursia furtiva, n. sp.: 2, male genitalia, aedeagus omitted; 3, aedeagus;
4, sternal plate of the eighth abdominal segment. The linear segments represent
1 mm.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I offer my sincere appreciation to Dr. John G. Franclemont for his assistance
in describing this new species.

NEW RECORDS OF STAPHYLINIDAE FROM NORTH CAROLINA
(COLEOPTERA )

The Coleoptera fauna of North Carolina is relatively well known, but, to my
knowledge, no specific collection records for members of the staphylinid sub-
families Piestinae and Hypocypthtinae have been published. The following ma-
terial representing these taxa has been collected and identified by the writer:

Piestinae—Siagonium americanum Melsh. Seven specimens from ultraviolet
light trap. North Carolina, Mecklenburg County, Charlotte. August 7—8, 1970
(5), August 10, 1970 (1), September 3, 1970 (1). J. F. Cornell.

Hypocyphtinae—Anacyptus testaceus (Lec.). One specimen berlesed from
termite nest ( Reticulitermes sp.) in fallen oak log. North Carolina, Duplin County,
near Calypso. February 5, 1965. J. F. Cornell.

Specimens are deposited in the collection of the writer and that of the Dept.
of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina —J. F.
CorNELL, Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North
Carolina 28607.

306 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971

FAMILY PLACEMENT OF THE AFRICAN GENUS MEGANOMIA
COCKERELL WITH A REVIEW OF THE INCLUDED SPECIES
(HYMENOPTERA: APOIDEA )

GeraLp I. Srace, Systematic and Evolutionary Biology, Biological Sciences
Group, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06268.

ABSTRACT—Meganomia Cockerell is transferred from the subfamily Nomiinae
in the Halictidae to the subfamily Melittinae in the Melittidae. The species in the
genus are reviewed and a key provided.

Meganomia is a small genus of medium sized bees from several
localities in the arid parts of Africa south and east of the tropical
regions. No doubt impressed by a habitus suggestive of certain African
species of Nomia, Cockerell originally described the taxon in 1909 as a
monobasic new subgenus of Nomia to contain the new species, N. (M.)
binghami. Since that time there appeared at least ten pertinent publi-
cations by seven different authors (Arnold, 1947; Cockerell, 1931, 1933,
and 1934; Friese, 1909, and 1930; Hedicke, 1931; Meade-Waldo, 1916;
Michener, 1944; and Strand, 1920). In all these publications the au-
thors either treated the bees as species of Nomia without knowing of
Cockerell’s previous work or they more or less followed Cockerell’s
lead and treated them as species of Meganomia. In the latter case
Meganomia was considered either a subgenus of Nomia, or a closely
related but distinct genus, or a distinct genus within the halictid sub-
family Nomiinae whose affinity with Nomia is not specified.

I have recently studied authoritatively identified specimens in the
collection of the U.S. National Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Wash-
ington, D.C., representing both sexes of the type species as well as the
female of a second species. In my opinion these bees are not closely
related to Nomia and should not even be included in the family Halic-
tidae. Indeed, they belong in the family Melittidae where they fit
nicely into the typical subfamily in spite of several bizarre (for melit-
tids) characters and a habitus suggestive of certain nomiines or even
more of many anthidiines.

Since the original description of Meganomia and those of its included
species are inadequate, the following redescription of Meganomia is
presented to document the necessity of its interfamilial transfer as well
as to permit a more adequate understanding of its relationship to other
melittine genera. Significant family characters are printed in italics.

The form of the mouthparts (maxillae and labium) alone are suf-
ficient to preclude the possibility of Meganomia belonging in any family
other than Melittidae or Andrenidae. Since the single subantennal
sutures, the lack of facial foveae, the limited scopae, and the form of

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 307

Figs. 1, 3, 6, Meganomia tavetensis Ckll.: 1, @
of galea. Figs. 2, 4, 5, M. binghami (Ckll.): 2, 2 labium; 4, 9 maxilla; 5, apex
of galea.

labium; 3, @ maxilla; 6, apex

the male genital capsule are all contraindicative of the latter but com-
patible with the former, Meganomia must be a melittid and is hereby
transferred to that family.

Meganomia Cockerell
(Melittidae: Melittinae, new family and subfamily placement )
(Figs. 1-11)
Nomia (Meganomia) Cockerell, 1909, p. 402 (as a monobasic subgenus for N.
(M.) binghami); Arnold, 1947, p. 208 (characterized as a subgenus of Nomia).
Meganomia Cockerell, 1931, p. 201 (raised to generic rank); Michener, 1944, p.
251 (cited as a genus in the Nomiinae ).

Diagnosis: The species of Meganomia can be easily distinguished
from all other melittid genera by their extensive yellow integumental
markings and generally sparse vestiture which gives them a habitus

308 PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971

Figs. 7-10, Meganomia binghami (Ckll.): 7, ¢ head; 8, 2 head; 9, ¢ dorsal
view; 10, ¢ mid and hind legs. Fig. 11, M. tavetensis Ckll., 2 head.

suggestive of anthidiines. In addition, the transversely hollowed la-
brum, the apically modified galea and the conspicuously developed,
carinate gradulae are unique among melittids. Likewise, in males the
apically hooked antennae, the inflated hind legs and the reduced, linear
volsellae are unique among melittids.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 309

Description: Integument contrastingly black and yellow with yellow areas
particularly extensive on front of head, on legs, and on metasoma. Vestiture
generally sparse and short, particularly on metasoma. Subantennal sutures directed
more toward outer edge of scrobes than inner; subantennal plates absent; apex of
flagellum flattened and forming a hook in male; facial foveae absent; labrum much
broader than long, medially deeply hollowed transversely to receive closed man-
dibles; galeae distinctly longer postpalpally than prepalpally; galeae with fringed
apical lobe formed by deep subapical emargination on outer edge; stipes lacking
comb; glossa acute; labial palpi subequal and subcylindrical; mentum long, parallel
sided or tapering basally; submentum large, V-shaped. Pre-episternal suture ab-
sent; scrobal suture absent anterior to episternal scrobe; metanotum subhorizontal.
Wings with marginal cell long, narrow and apically narrowly rounded near costal
margin, 3 submarginal cells; Ist submarginal cell longest and subequal to 2nd
and 3rd combined; 2nd and 3rd submarginals subequal or 2nd slightly shorter;
prestigma longer and wider than stigma; jugal lobe % to 24 length of vannal lobe.
Basitibial plate absent in males, if present in females than plate obscured by velvet-
like patch of short, dense, hairs; mid leg with femora longitudinally carinate below
in female; scopa confined to hind tibia and basitarsi and composed primarily of
long, simple hairs; hind leg of male with femora grossly inflated, tibia inflated less,
and basitarsi inflated but strongly excavated on inner edge. Metasomal terga 2
to 5 in female and 2 to 6 in male with gradulae well developed, conspicuously
carinate and extending to posterior margin of terga; terga 1 to 4 in female and
1 to 7 in male with posterior part shallowly depressed and conspicuously less
densely punctate than anterior part; tergum 5 in female with dense subapical
fimbria; pygidial plate present and well developed in both sexes. Male genital
capsule with gonobase large; gonostyli not distinguishable from gonocoxites; penis
valves unfused except dorsally near base; volsellae present but small, linear and
lacking lateral cuspis.

The four species currently assigned to this genus can be separated
by the following key.

PROVISIONAL KEY TO THE SPECIES OF Meganomia

il Ics ran A eit a ne a oe 2)
INES TN A EET ko in OE ed TE CTS SS ee ae one 4

2(1). Lateral ocelli well below top of vertex in frontal view; scape unicolorous,
Clas Kee a te 0 | a eee ee ea 3

Lateral ocelli nearly tangent to top of vertex in frontal view; scape bi-
colorous, yellow beneath, dark above ___________________ M. binghami

3(2). Clypeus with distinct longitudinal median ridge (fig. 11); terga 2 to 5
with transverse yellow bands broad and entire — M. tavetensis

Clypeus lacking median ridge; terga 2 to 5 with transverse yellow bands
narrow and interrupted broadly at meson — M. tsavoensis

4(1). Median flagellar segments subcylindrical; hind trochanters pointed
eosterionl yodi(hig) 11,)\j2-.-8. te a ee i Be M. binghami

Median flagellar segments subtuberculate beneath making flagellum
serrate; hind trochanters not pointed _....--___ M. andersoni

310 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971

Meganomia binghami (Cockerell )
(Figs. 2, 4, 5, 7-10)

Nomia (Meganomia) binghami Cockerell, 1909, pp. 402-403 (Male and female
described); Hedicke, 1931, p. 35 (Synonymy of N. flavofasciata Friese).

Nomia flavofasciata Friese, 1909, p. 170 (Female described); Friese, 1930, p. 14
(Male described ); Hedicke, 1931, p. 35 (Synonymized with N. (M.) binghami).

Meganomia binghami: Cockerell, 1931, p. 202; Cockerell, 1933, p. 376 (New
locality record).

Female: Length 17.5 mm. Vertex flat in frontal view; compound eyes very
large with inner orbits subparallel most of length; summit of eyes reaching top
of vertex in frontal view; lateral ocelli nearly tangent to top of vertex; clypeus
broadly uniformly convex, and with surface partly obscured by short white oblique
hairs; supraclypeal area with median maculation; scape bicolorous, yellow beneath,
dark above; mandibles with subapical inner tooth; maxillary palpi exceeding post-
palpal portion of galea in length; longest seta on apical lobe of galea subequal
to width of that lobe; labial palpi with first segment subcylindrical. Notauli and
parapsidal lines well developed and long, with the latter extending from hind
margin of mesoscutum anteriorly to tegulae; marginal cell not apically appendic-
ulate; 2nd and 3rd submarginal cells subequal along posterior side and sides of
2nd submarginal strongly converging anteriorly; hind femora longitudinally carinate
below; basitibial plate discernible under velvet-like patch of short, dense pubes-
cences; scopa dense, composed of long, silvery hairs; hind tibial spurs obscured
by long hairs. Metasomal tergum 1 with lateral arms of gradulus present, median
transverse section absent; terga 4 and 5 with a small, oval, uniformly fine aciculate
spot mesad of each spiracle and anterior to gradulus (may be hidden under mar-
gin of preceding tergum); sterna with vestiture short, sparse, and pale.

Male: Length 18.0 mm. Vertex flat in frontal view; compound eyes extremely
large with maximum width seen from in front subequal to interorbital distance and
with inner orbits convex and diverging at both ends; summit of eyes reaching top
of vertex in frontal view; lateral ocelli tangent to top of vertex in frontal view;
clypeus broadly, uniformly convex with truncately produced median part of ante-
rior margin wider than 4% maximum clypeal width; clypeus not at all obscured by
sparse, short vestiture; supraclypeal area yellow except for small dark spot below
each scrobe; scape, pedicel and first flagellar segment bicolorous, yellow beneath,
dark above; flagellum with segment 2 subcylindrical but with subsequent segments
becoming progressively flattened beneath; terminal flagellar segment abruptly
recurved forming a lamelliform hook; mandible bidentate with both minute den-
ticles terminal. Fore legs yellow except for dark spot on femora above and on
coxae above and with all vestiture pale; mid legs yellow except for dark spot on
inner side of tibiae and dark spot on coxae above; mid coxa with prominent yellow
ventrally projecting lobe; mid basitarsus with hollow channel along entire outer
edge; hind legs yellow but with dark patches on coxa above, on femur above, on
inner apex of tibia, on outer side of tibia and outer apex of basitarsus; hind coxae
produced ventrally into a strongly arched transverse ridge; hind trochanter greatly
produced posteriorly and longitudinally ridged along inner edge; hind femur
grossly inflated with a short longitudinal carina along inner edge approaching
apex; hind tibiae less strongly inflated, strongly convex in front, nearly flat behind

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 311

and with outer edge longitudinally ridged but not carinate; hind tibia with inner
edge angulate in outline near midpoint; hind basitarsi conspicuously excised on
inner side; hind tarsi with golden vestiture on inner side. Metasomal tergum 1
with lateral arms of gradulus present, median transverse section absent; metasoma
with yellow transverse band narrowly interrupted medially on tergum 1, entire
on all other terga; tergum 4 and 5 with small, oval uniformly finely aciculate spot
mesad of each spiracle and anterior but nearly tangent to gradulus.

Distribution: This species has been recorded from three locations in
South West Africa, Damara Land (Type locality—Cockerell, 1909,
p. 413), Grotfontein (Friese, 1909, p. 170) and Otjiverongo (sic)
(Friese, 1930 p. 14) and one locality in Southern Rhodesia, Beit Bridge
(Cockerell, 1933, p. 376). Although the records are too few to permit an
accurate estimate of its distribution, the presence of populations on
opposite sides of the southern part of the African continent and more
than 700 miles removed from each other suggest it may be extensive.
The species is apparently a summer flying species since the only spec-
imens with collection dates were taken in February (Otjiverongo) and
April ( Beit Bridge).

I have examined a pair of specimens from Beit Bridge (labeled in
Cockerell’s handwriting as M. binghami) and a single female from
Grotfontein (labeled in Friese’s handwriting as Nomia flavofasciata).
Though the females differ in several minor details such as extent of
yellow markings, density and color of vestiture, they are so similar
otherwise that I concur with Hedicke (1931) that they are conspecific.

Meganomia tavetensis Cockerell

(Bics I goGuid))
Meganomia tavetensis Cockerell, 1934, pp. 444-445 (Female described).

Female: Length 15 mm. Vertex convex in frontal view; compound eyes not
conspicuously large, inner orbits diverging along lower 1%, gently, weakly emar-
ginate along upper 1%; summit of eyes not approaching top of vertex in frontal
view; lateral ocelli removed by more than one diameter distance from top of ver-
tex in frontal view; clypeus with pronounced median longitudinal ridge, otherwise
flat; vestiture of clypeus obscure, composed of very short, sparse erect golden
hairs; supraclypeal area yellow across entire lower end; scape unicolorous, dark;
mandibles (worn) apparently lacking subapical tooth; maxillary palpi with length
less than half that of post palpal portion of galea; longest setae on apical lobe of
galea less than one third width of that lobe; labial palpi with first segment
flattened slightly and with one edge medially, weakly angulate in outline. Notauli
obscure; parapsidal lines short, not reaching hind margin of mesoscutum; marginal
cell apically appendiculate; 2nd submarginal cell shorter than 3rd along posterior
edge; sides of 2nd submarginal subparallel or only very slightly converging
anteriorly; hind femora lacking ventral longitudinal carinae; basitibial plate, if
present, totally obscured under dense velvet-like pubescent patch; scopa sparse,
composed of short dark hairs; hind tibial spurs conspicuous, extending beyond

S12; PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971

adjacent hairs. Metasomal tergum | lacking gradulus laterally as well as medially;
terga 4 and 5 lacking small, aciculate spots mesad of spiracles and anterior to
gradulus; sterna with long, oblique, dense, dark vestiture suggestive of scopa in
some megachilids.

Male: Unknown.

Distribution: This species is only known from the southern part of
Kenya where the type series, two females, was collected at Taveta on
the Lumi River in December of 1912.

I have examined one of these two specimens. In addition to an identi-
fication label in Cockerell’s handwriting and the appropriate collec-
tion data label, it has a red U.S.N.M. paratype label bearing the num-
ber 58073.

Meganomia tsavoensis (Strand )

Nomia tsavoensis Strand, 1920, p. 93-94 (Female described); Cockerell, 1931, p.
201 (Transfer to Meganomia ).

Meganomia tsavoensis: Cockerell, 1931, pp. 201-202 (Transfer from Nomia;
redescription of female); Cockerell, 1934, pp. 444-445 (Compared with M.
tavetensis ).

Female: The female of this species is very similar to that of M. tavetensis and
may prove to be synonymous with it. Cockerell (1934) found only one structural
character by which they differed: M. tsavoensis apparently lacks the median
longitudinal ridge found on the clypeus of M. tavetensis. All other contrasting
characters described by him are minor color differences which could easily
represent intraspecific variation.

Male: Unknown.

Distribution: This species is only know from a single female col-
lected in April of 1913 in the southern part of Kenya. The locality
published by Strand, Tsavo River, could be near Taveta since the
eastern end of that river approaches within about 25 miles of that town,
the type locality of the preceding species.

Meganomia andersoni ( Meade-Waldo )

Nomia (Meganomia) andersoni Meade-Waldo, 1916, p. 457-458 ( Male described ).
Meganomia andersoni: Cockerell, 1931, p. 201 (Cited in Meganomia).

Female: Unknown.

Male: Length 18 mm. Judging from Meade-Waldo’s description and comments
the male of this species differs from that of M. binghami in at least the following
characters; clypeus with truncately produced part of anterior margin much nar-
rower than 4 maximum clypeal width; flagellar segments 4 to 10 subtuberculate
beneath making flagellum serrate; terminal flagellar hook formed from 3 last
segments instead of one. Fore legs with coxae, trochanters and femora mostly
black with tibiae and tarsi yellow; fore tarsi with conspicuous fringe of black hairs
on inner side; mid legs yellow; hind legs with tarsi almost entirely black and with
black pubescence on inner side; hind trochanter not pointed behind. Metasomal

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 SuLS}

terga 1-7 black, with yellow bands widely interrupted in middle and widening
abruptly towards sides.

Distribution: M. andersoni is only known from its type locality,
Masai Reserve in the southern part of Kenya, where a single male was
collected on April 14, 1913.

Although being clearly distinct from M. binghami this species could
easily represent the unknown male of either M. tsavoensis or M. tave-
tensis which have been collected at the same season of the year in the
same general part of eastern Africa.

REFERENCES

Arnold, G. 1947. A key to the African genera of Apidae. Jour. Ent. Soc. South
Africa 9:194-218.

Cockerell, T. D. A. 1909. Descriptions and records of bees.
Nat. Hist. (Ser. 8) 4:393—404.

1931. Descriptions and records of bees—CXXV. Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist (Ser. 10) 7:201-212.

1933. Descriptions and records of bees.
Hist. (Ser. 10) 11:372-384.

1934. Descriptions and records of bees.
Nat. Hist. (Ser. 10) 13:444—456.

Friese, H. 1909. Die Bienen Afrikas nach dem Stande unserer heutigen Kennt-
nisse, in Leonhard Schultz, Zoologische und Anthropologische Ergebnisse einer
Forschungsreise im westlichen und zentralen Siidafrika ausgefiihrt in den Jahren
1903-1905, Band 2. Denkschr. Med.-Naturwiss. Gesellsch. (Jena), 14:83-476,
pls. ix-x (color), 19 maps, | fig.

1930. Neue Arten der Bienengattung Nomia aus Afrika. Konowia

XXIII. Ann. Mag.

CXLII. Ann. Mag. Nat.

CXLVIII. Ann. Mag.

9:14-33.

Hedicke, H. 1931. Beitrage zur Synonomie der Apiden (Hym.). I. Mitt. Deut.
Ent. Gesell. 2:34-38.

Meade-Waldo, G. 1916. Notes on the Apidae (Hymenoptera) in the collection
of the British Museum, with descriptions of new species. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.
(Ser. 8) 17:448—-470.

Michener, C. D. 1944. Comparative external morphology, phylogeny, and a
classification of the bees (Hymenoptera). Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 82:
151-326.

Strand, E. 1920. Notes sur quelques Apides du Congo Belge. Rey. Zool. Afri-
caine 8:87-106.

314 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971

PUPAE OF EMPIDIDAE IN PUPAL COCOONS OF
RHYACOPHILIDAE AND GLOSSOSOMATIDAE
( DiprERA—TRICHOPTERA )

L. V. Knutson, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agriculture
Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture!

and

OuIver S. FLINT, JR., Department of Entomology, Smithsonian
Institution, Washington, D. C. 20560

ABSTRACT—Predation of pupae of Trichoptera by larvae of Empididae is re-
ported for the first time, and the first descriptions of pupae of Neoplasta are
presented, Intact pupal cocoons of Cailloma sp. (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae:
Hydrobiosinae ), collected near Santiago, Chile, each contained a pupa of Neoplasta
sp. near brevicornis Collin (Diptera: Empididae: Hemerodromiinae), as well as
the cast larval skin and remnants of the pupa of the trichopteran. Pupae of an
undetermined species and genus of Hemerodromiinae were found in pupal cocoons
of Mortoniella apiculata Flint (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae) in Ecuador. Simi-
lar to pupae of Chelifera and Hemerodromia, but unlike other Empididae, pupae
of both species have 1 pair of elongate spiracular gills on the prothorax and on
each of the first 7 abdominal segments. Unlike other Hemerodromiinae, the paired
integumentary horns on the anterior end are elongate and heavily sclerotized.

The important family Empididae includes over 2,000 described
species throughout the world, but there are data on the biology and
immature stages of only about 50 species. Larvae of some species are
strictly terrestrial, others live in various intermediate kinds of wet hab-
itats, and a few are truly aquatic and live beneath the water surface.

Discovery of pupae of Neoplasta Coquillett (Diptera: Empididae:
Hemerodromiinae ) in pupal cocoons of Cailloma Ross (Trichoptera:
Rhyacophilidae: Hydrobiosinae) and of pupae of a different but unde-
termined species of Hemerodromiinae in pupal cocoons of Mortoniella
apiculata Flint (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae) provides the first
records of Empididae feeding on Trichoptera in nature. This report
also presents the first information on the biology and morphology of
the immature stages of any species of the genus Neoplasta.

Rhyacophilid host larvae and pupae were collected in a small trib-
utary of the Rio Blanco at the fish hatchery near the town of Rio
Blanco, Aconcagua Province, Chile, on March 10, 1968, by O. S. Flint,
Jr. and L. E. Pefa G. The collections were made at 2 sites, but unfortu-
nately they were combined in the field, thereby making discovery of
any ecological preferences impossible. The main stream was 3 to 5

‘Mail address: c/o U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. 20560.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 315

yards wide, with boulders and bedrock over which the water cascaded
with great turbulence. A few rhyacophilids were taken from under-
neath the few rocks that could be moved. However, several hundred
yards upstream a portion of the flow was diverted into a small irriga-
tion ditch only a foot wide and a few inches deep. Pupal shelters were
found in great profusion under rocks in this ditch. The surrounding
hillsides are arid and, where unwatered, support only a sparse growth
of cactus and other xeritic plants. The junior author has studied hun-
dreds of other collections of rhyacophilid pupae from all over Chile,
Central America, and the United States, but none has been found to
contain empidids.

Three genera of rhyacophilids were represented in these collections:
Rheochorema (?) Schmid, Neoatopsyche Schmid, and Cailloma (all
determined by O. S. Flint, Jr.). Four pupal cocoons believed to be
those of a species of Rheochorema were not infested; larvae of this
genus produce a very tough, hard, silken cocoon apparently not en-
closed in an outer shelter of pebbles. Two larvae and 11 pupal cocoons
of Cailloma were collected, of which 10 cocoons contained empidids.
Adults of 3 species of Cailloma (C. pumida Ross, C. angustipennis
Schmid, and C. rotunda Flint), were taken at an ultraviolet light oper-
ated beside the stream the same night. Nine larvae and 73 pupal
cocoons of Neoatopsyche obliqua Flint were taken, but only 1 cocoon
was infested. The pupae of both Cailloma and Neoatopsyche are shel-
tered in a silken cocoon enclosed in an outer shelter of silk and small
pebbles. Thus, 10 rhyacophilid pupal cocoons contained moderately
well developed pupae of Neoplasta sp. near brevicornis Collin (deter-
mined L. V. Knutson and G. C. Steyskal) (figs. 3, 4), and 1 contained
a poorly preserved mature larva, probably of the same species. One
male and 1 female Neoplasta were dissected from their pupal skins and
slides were prepared of the partially pigmented wings.

In addition to an empidid pupa or larva, each pupal cocoon con-
tained the cast larval skin and remnants of the pupa of the trichopteran.
Most surprisingly, the tough, inner pupal cocoons of the trichopteran
host appeared to be completely intact and without any breaks or holes
through which the empidid larvae could have entered. The mode of
attack of the empidid larva may be explained in several ways.

1. The newly hatched empidid larva seeks out and attaches to or
penetrates the trichopteran larva but does not begin to feed until
the trichopteran pupates.

2. The very small, newly hatched empidid larva seeks out and pene-
trates the pupal cocoon, making an entrance hole so small that it
is not apparent.

316 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971

3. The adult fly oviposits onto or into the cocoon of the trichopteran.
The ovipositor of Neoplasta is in fact rather long and strongly
sclerotized. Its unusual structure indicates that it is specially
adapted for laying eggs in crevices, but there are no direct obser-
vations of egg laying by any species of this genus. It is possible that
the females had direct access to the pupal shelters. The small irri-
gation ditch in which the majority of specimens were collected
might have been stopped, thereby stranding the pupal cases in a
damp situation and exposing them to direct attack.

Many larval and pupal cocoons of Mortoniella apiculata Flint (Glos-
sosomatidae ) (determined O. S. Flint, Jr.) were collected in the Rio
Papallacta, 1 mile east of Papallacta, Ecuador, on January 30, 1958
by R. W. Hodges. Several pupal cocoons, which are identical in struc-
ture to those of Cailloma, but much smaller, each contained a lightly
pigmented pupa of an undetermined species and genus of Hemer-
odromiinae (figs. 1, 2).

Larvae and/or pupae of 23 species in the subfamilies Empidinae
( Oreogeton Schiner ), Clinocerinae (Clinocera Meigen, Dolichocephala
Macquart, Roederoides Coquillett, Wiedemannia Zetterstedt), and
Hemerodromiinae (Chelifera Macquart and Hemerodromia Meigen)
are known to be aquatic, but the prey of only 5 of these are known.
Larvae of Hemerodromia seguyi Vaillant and Wiedemannia oedorum
Vaillant are overt predators of larvae of Simuliidae in swift mountain
streams in Algeria, and those of H. seguyi pupate in crevices among
immerged rocks at the water's edge (Vaillant, 1952, 1953). Larvae
and pupae of Roederoides juncta Coquillett were found in pupal cases
of Simuliidae in New York, but the larvae were not observed to kill
the black-fly larvae or pupae (Needham and Betten, 1901). Larvae of
Oreogeton cymballista Melander and “O. sp. possibly basalis Loew”
are overt predators of larvae of several species of Simuliidae in Alaska,
and they also attacked larvae of Trichoptera during laboratory rearings
(Sommerman, 1962). Pupae of “O. sp. possibly basalis Loew” were
found, “. . along the margin of the streams, above the present water
level, but probably not above the springtime high water mark, in wet
leaves, moss, decaying wood, and soil.”

The pupae of only 3 other genera of Hemerodromiinae have been
described: Phyllodromia melanocephala Fabricius (Trehen, 1969);
Chelifera trapezina (Zetterstedt) (Brindle, 1969) and C. praecatoria
(Fallén) (Brocher, 1909); and Hemerodromia sp. (rogatoris ? Co-
quillett) (Johannsen, 1935), H. unilineata Zetterstedt (Hinton, 1953;
Brindle, 1969), H. seguyi Vaillant ( Vaillant, 1953), and Hemerodromia
sp. (Smith, 1969). Dyte (1967) discussed some diagnostic features of
Hemerodromiinae and other subfamilies of Empididae.

PROC. ENT. SOC, WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 317

Figs. 1, 2, Hemerodromiinae sp., Rio Papallacta, Ecuador, pupa. Figs. 3, 4,
Neoplasta sp. near brevicornis Collin, Rio Blanco, Chile, pupa.

318 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971

As Chelifera and Hemerodromia, but not as Phyllodromia and other
Empididae, the pupae of Neoplasta sp. near brevicornis and of the
undetermined species of Hemerodromiinae have pairs of long, slender
spiracular gills on the prothorax and on abdominal segments 1-7. The
functional morphology of the spiracular gills of Chelifera, Hemerodro-
mia, and certain other insects that live in situations that are alternately
dry and flooded has been studied by Hinton (1950, 1953, 1956). The
structures have a dual function: they provide an enormous surface
area for diffusion of oxygen from the water when the pupa is flooded,
and they permit entrance of oxygen into the tracheal system without
water loss when the pupa is exposed to the ambient air. The paired
integumentary horns at the anterior end of both species are long and
heavily sclerotized; those of Chelifera and Hemerodromia are weakly
developed. These structures most likely aid the pupa in emerging from
the trichopteran pupal cocoons.

DESCRIPTION OF PuPAL SKIN OF Neoplasta sp. NEAR brevicornis COLLIN
(Figs. 3, 4)

Straw-yellow except darkened apices of anterior horns, bases of spiracular gills,
and thorn-like integumentary processes on abdominal terga, pleura, and_ sterna.
Elongate, fusiform, straight in lateral outline. Length, 6.3 to 7.6 mm, abdominal
segments strongly retractile; greatest width of thorax, 1.5 mm; greatest width of
abdomen, 1.8 mm. In dorsal view, extended abdomen twice as long as head and
thorax combined; abdomen only slightly longer than head and thorax combined
when retracted. In ventral view, apices of hind tarsi reaching abdominal segment
5 when abdomen is retracted, reaching segment 4 when extended. Anterior end
with a pair of elongate, triangular, heavily sclerotized horns that are fused mesally
on basal half. Distance from anterior margin of eye to apex of horn about equal
to longitudinal diameter of eye. A short, fine bristle arising from tiny, cylindrical,
mesal process at apex of horn, and a bristle dorsolaterally at base of horn. Four
pairs of very weak, widely-spaced bristles on mesonotum. Eight pairs of elongate
(about 4.0 mm), whitish, tapering spiracular gills, 1 prothoracic pair arising about
0.10 mm behind anterior margin of prothorax and 1 pair on each of the first 7
abdominal segments arising laterally below and between transverse rows of integ-
umentary processes. Gills abruptly constricted and darkened for about 0.02 mm
at attachment to body. Abdominal segment 1 on dorsum with a thickened trans-
verse ridge separating smooth, sclerotized anterior 74 from membranous posterior
Ys. Segments 2-7 similar: dorsally divided into 3 portions by 2 transverse rows of
darkened, thorn-like integumentary processes; anterior and middle portions strongly
sclerotized; posterior portion membranous; anterior row composed of many minute,
subequal, closely-spaced processes; posterior row composed of 15-20 much larger
and irregularly-sized processes. Segments 2-7 laterally with a short anterior row
of minute processes and 2 or 3 larger processes posteriorly. Segments 2-7 ventrally
with a single transverse row of very small processes at posterior margin of scle-
rotized anterior %, posterior 4% membranous. Terminal segment (abdominal seg-
ment 8) completely sclerotized, with a pair of large dorsal processes and a smaller

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 319

pair behind these, a pair each of large dorsolateral and ventrolateral processes with
2 pairs of small lateral processes between these, and 3 or 4 minute ventral proc-
esses. Segment 8 terminating in a pair of sharp-tipped, approximate lobes. Based
on 4 specimens, tributary of Rio Blanco at fish hatchery near Rio Blanco, Province
Aconcagua, Chile.

DESCRIPTION OF PUPAL SKIN OF HEMERODROMIINAE SP.
Gigs! ly 2)

Straw-yellow except darkened apices of anterior horns, bases of spiracular gills,
and thorn-like integumentary processes on abdominal terga and pleura. Elongate,
fusiform, straight in lateral outline. Length, 3.6-4.4 mm (abdominal segments
of all specimens retracted); greatest width of thorax 0.9 mm; greatest width of
abdomen, 0.8 mm. In dorsal view, retracted abdomen about equal in length to
head and thorax combined. In ventral view, apices of hind tarsi reaching ab-
dominal segment 6 when retracted. Anterior end with a pair of elongate, trian-
gular, heavily sclerotized horns that are fused mesally almost to apex (fig. 2).
Distance from anterior margin of eye to apex of horn about equal to longitudinal
diameter of eye. A short, fine bristle ventrolaterally at mid-length of horn, a
larger bristle dorsolaterally near base, and 4 pairs of shorter, stouter, widely-spaced
bristles on mesonotum. Eight pairs of elongate (about 1.0 mm), whitish, tapering
spiracular gills, 1 prothoracic pair arising about 0.6 mm behind anterior margin
of prothorax, and | pair arising laterally on each of first 7 abdominal segments.
Gills abruptly constricted and darkened for about 0.02 mm at attachment to body.
Abdominal segment 1 smooth, unadorned dorsally and laterally. Segments 2-7
similar: dorsally divided into 3 portions by 2 transverse rows of darkened integ-
umentary processes; anterior and middle portions strongly sclerotized; posterior
portion membranous. Narrow anterior row composed of many minute, subequal,
closely spaced processes; posterior row composed of 3 pairs of large, divergent,
sharply pointed processes with 1-3 minute processes between each large one. Seg-
ments 2—7 each with 2-4 large, strongly recurved processes on each side; without
integumentary processes ventrally. Terminal segment (abdominal segment 8)
(fig. 2) completely sclerotized, at mid-length with a pair of large, sharply tipped
dorsal tubercles and a smaller pair of lateral tubercles; terminating in a pair of
lobes, each of which bears a small, sharp process dorso-apically and a long bristle
ventro-apically. Based on 3 specimens, Rio Papallacta, 1 mile east of Papallacta,
Ecuador.

The figures were prepared by Miss L. Heath, Systematic Entomology
Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

REFERENCES

Brindle, A. 1969. Taxonomic notes on the larvae of British Diptera. No. 27, A
revised note on the subfamily Hemerodromiinae (Empididae). The Ent. 102:
35-39.

Brocher, F.. 1909. Metamorphoses de !Hemerodromia praecatoria Fall. Ann.
Biol. Lacus. 4:44—45.

Dyte, C. E. 1967. Some distinctions between the larvae and pupae of the Em-
pididae and Dolichopodidae (Diptera). Proc. Roy. Ent. Soc. London. Ser. A.
42:119-128.

320 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971

Hinton, H. E. 1950. Aquatic Diptera collected in the River Dove near Dove-
dale Derbyshire. Jour. Soc. Brit. Ent. 3:203-206.

1953. Some adaptations of insects to environments that are alter-
nately dry and flooded, with some notes on the habits of the Stratiomyidae.
Trans. Soc. Brit. Ent. 11:209-227.

1956. The spiracular gills of insects. Proc. 10th Inter. Cong. Ent.
1:543-548.

Johannsen, O. A. 1935. Aquatic Diptera. Part I. Orthorrhapha-Brachycera
and Cyclorrhapha. Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta. Memoir 177.

Needham, J. G. and C. Betten. 1901. Aquatic insects in the Adirondacks. Bull.
N. Y. St. Mus. 47:383-612.

Smith, K. G. V. 1969. The Empididae of southem Africa. Ann. Natal Mus.
19: 1-342.

Sommerman, K. M. 1962. Notes on two species of Oreogeton, predaceous on
black fly larvae (Diptera: Empididae and Simuliidae). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.
54:123-129.

Trehen, P. 1969. Description des stades préimaginaux et données sur la biolo-
gie de Phyllodromia melanocephala Fabricius, 1794 (Diptéres-Empididae). Rev.
Ecol. Biol. Sol. 6:41-52.

Vaillant, F. 1952. Un Empidide destructeur de simulies. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr.
76:371-379.

1953. Hemerodromia seguyi nouvel empidide d’Algérie destructeur
de simulies. Hydrobiologia 5:180-188.

PLEOTRICHOPHORUS TETRADYMIAE, A NEW SPECIES OF APHID
FROM UTAH
(HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE )!

CiybE F. Smiru, Department of Entomology, North Carolina State
University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607

and

GeorcE F. KNow.ton, Department of Zoology, Utah State
University, Logan, Utah 84321

ABSTRACT—Pleotrichophorus tetradymiae, n. sp. on Tetradymia canescens
DC., is described from the Hansel Mountains (Box Elder County) in Northern
Utah.

This new species was found while the junior author was on his ter-
restrial arthropod survey trips to Curlew Valley, part of a program of
the Utah State University Ecology Center.

‘Paper No. 3280 of the Journal Series of the North Carolina State University
Agricultural Experiment Station, Raleigh, N. C.

>

Fig. 1, Pleotrichophorus tetradymiae, n. sp., 60.

This species keys to Pleotrichophorus glandulosus (Kaltenbach) in
the key by Hille Ris Lambers (1969:165). However, it differs from
glandulosus in having dark siphunculi, in the shape of setae, and in
having conspicuous setae on a.s. III.

Pleotrichophorus tetradymiae, n. sp.
(Bigss 1 52))

Apterous viviparae.—Color of living specimens black to blackish green. Cleared
specimens pale on head; a.s. I dusky; IH, pale. Joints between a.s. III and IV
dusky; a.s. V and VI dark. Thorax pale. Legs pale. Siphunculi dark. Anal plate
dark. Cauda pale. Setae conspicuous on head, antennae, legs and body. All setae
similar in having a knobbed apex. <A.s. III with 2—4 rhinaria. Cauda with 2 pairs
lateral setae and 1 dorsal seta. T. ch. 3-3-3.

PROC,

ENT.

SOc,

WASH., VOL. 73,

NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 323

Measurements (10 specimens). Body 1.502 (1.50-2.12). Setae on vertex 0.04,
a.s. III 0.02 or ca. 2% diameter of segment; dorsum of abdomen 0.05. A.s. III
0.39 (0.34—0.43); IV, 0.26 (0.26-0.35); V, 0.28 (0.25-0.33); VI, 0.11 (0.10-0.14 )
+ 0.35 (0.30-0.39). RIV + V, 0.12 (0.12-0.14). Hind tibiae 0.85 (0.85-1.02).
Hind tarsomere II, 0.10 (0.09-0.13). Siphunculi 0.26 (0.26-0.30). Cauda 0.25
(0.19-0.26 ).

Principal diagnostic characters. Conspicuous, knobbed setae on antennae and
body; shape of R IV + V and dark siphunculi.

Alate viviparae——(Cleared specimens). Head dusky. Antennae dark except
very base of a.s. III. Thorax dusky. Legs dusky being dark on distal 1% of tibia
and all of tarsus. Abdomen with some scleroites, sclerotic around the base of some
setae. Postsiphuncular sclerites present. Siphunculi dark. Anal plate and cauda
dusky. A.s. III with 12-17 rhinaria; IV, 4-7; V, 0. Cauda with 2 pairs lateral
setae and 1 dorsal seta.

Setae distinctly knobbed on vertex and antennae. Longest setae on a.s. III ca.
\% diameter of a.s. III]. Dorsal abdominal setae blunt to slightly knobbed.

Measurements (3 specimens). Body 1.84—1.90. Setae on vertex 0.03, a.s. III
0.02 or ca. % diameter of segment, dorsum of abdomen 0.03. Length of a.s. III,
0.39-0.51; IV, 0.33-0.36; V, 0.28-0.31; VI, 0.11-0.12 + 0.30-0.44. R IV + V,
0.11-0.12. Hind tibiae 0.93-1.05. Hind tarsomere II, 0.11. Siphunculi 0.24.
Cauda 0.19-0.22.

Principal diagnostic characters. Same as aptera.

Holotype (an adult aptera) on a slide labelled K-69-1, holotype,
Pleotrichophorus tetradymiae on Tetradymia canescens, Hansel Moun-
tains, Utah. July 8, 1969, G. F. Knowlton. There are three specimens,
one adult aptera and two nymphs, on the slide. Deposited in the United
States National Museum. Paratypes in the collections of the authors,
the British Museum, Hille Ris Lambers, Bennekom, Netherlands and
H. L. G. Stroyan, Harpenden, England.

Collections on Tetradymia canescens, Utah, Hansel Mountains, (Box
Elder County), June 30; July 8, 1969. Johnson’s Canyon July 11, 1969.
Kelton July 8, 1969. G. F. Knowlton collector.

REFERENCES

Hille Ris Lambers, D. 1969. A key to, notes on, and descriptions of American
Pleotrichophorus Borner (Homoptera: Aphididae.) Ent. Ber. 29:165—180; figs.
1-4.

* The first number or measurement is that of the holotype, numbers in paren-
thesis indicate range in specimens studied. All measurements are in millimeters.

<

Fig. 2, Pleotrichophorus tetradymiae, n. sp., 300%: A, portion of head and
antenna; B, siphunculus; C, tip of rostrum; D, cauda.

324 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971

HOST PLANTS OF TOXOPTERA AURANTII AT THE LOS ANGELES
STATE AND COUNTY ARBORETUM, ARCADIA, CALIFORNIA!
(HomMopTERA: APHIDIDAE )

Mortimer D. LEoNARD, Collaborator, Entomology Research Division,
Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture?

and

Harry G. WALKER, Entomologist, and Leonip ENnArt, Plant Taxonomist, Los
Angeles State and County Arboretum, 301 North Baldwin Avenue,
Arcadia, California 91006

ABSTRACT—During 1966 and 1967 aphids were collected from 1,332 different
kinds of plants at the Los Angeles State and County Arboretum, Arcadia, Califor-
nia. Toxoptera aurantii (Fonscolombe) was found on 47 of these, which were
distributed in 25 genera and 19 different plant families. The genera are listed in
alphabetical order and with each species the date or dates of collection are given
and the relative abundance of T. aurantii is usually indicated.

During 1966 and 1967 aphids were collected from 1,332 different
kinds of plants at the Los Angeles State and County Arboretum at
Arcadia, California. Toxoptera aurantii (Fonscolombe) was found on
about 47 of these plants which are distributed in 25 genera and
19 plant families. It is possible that nearly two-thirds of the plant
genera and nearly all of the species listed herein have not been pre-
viously recorded as host plants of the black citrus aphid. The genera
of the host plants are listed in alphabetical order including the family
name, an alphabetical listing of the host species in each genus, the
dates of collection and, where available, an indication of the abundance
of the aphids. In addition, there is an alphabetical listing of the family
name, an alphabetical listing of the host species in each genus, the
and the number of collections in which T. aurantii were found.

Hosr PLANTs OF Toxoptera aurantii AT THE Los ANGELES STATE AND
County ARBORETUM ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY ACCORDING TO GENERA

Myrsinaceae Theaceae
Ardisia sp. Camellia japonica
28/11/67 abundant 1/XI, 15/XI and 21/XII/66
Euphorbiaceae abundant
Bischofia trifoliata Hook 11/X/67 abundant
25/VIIL/66 moderate 18/X/67 scarce

' This is the fourth in a series of papers on the host plants of aphids at the Los
Angeles State and County Arboretum at Arcadia, California in which Dr. Leonard
was responsible for the identification of the aphids, Dr. Walker for their collection
and Dr, Enari for the identification of the host plants.

* Mail address: 2480 16th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009.

PROC. ENT. SOC, WASH., VOL

Leguminosae
Cassia tomentosa Ehrenb. & Hempr.
30/XI11/66 abundant
Rutaceae
Citrus sp.
20/X/66 scarce
Ranunculaceae
Clematis lawsoniana “Henryi’
19/X/67 scarce
Ternstroemiaceae
Cleyera japonica Thunb.
21/XI1/66 abundant
10/VIII/67 moderate
Flacourtiaceae
Dovyalis caffra Warb.
X/66 scarce
Rubiaceae
Gardenia thunbergia Linn.
27 /IX/67 scarce
Anacardiaceae
Harpephyllum caffrum Bernh.
9/X/67 moderate
Hypericaceae
Hypericum elatum Ait.
5/X/66 abundant
Aquifoliaceae

Ilex altaclarensis (Loud.) Dallim.

. 73, No. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 325
. John T. Morris’
25/VIII/66
19/X/67 scarce
I, latifolia Thunb.
23/VIII/66 scarce
. liukiuensis Loes.
23/VIIL/67 moderate
. ‘Lydia Morris’
25/VIII/66 moderate
. opaca Ait.
13/VIII/66 scarce
. perado Ait.
23/VIII/67 moderate
. pernyi Franch.
23/VII1/67 moderate
. rotunda Thunb.
2/V/67 scarce
10/VIII/67 scarce
30/VIII/67 scarce
. vomitoria Ait.
23/VIII/66 moderate
23/VIIL/67 moderate
Proteaceae
Macadamia ternifolia F. Muell.
28/XI1/66 scarce
2/X1/67 scarce
Celastraceae
Maytenus boaria Molina
1/X1/66 scarce
Rutaceae
Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack.
4/X1/67 moderate
Myrsinaceae
Myrsine africana Linn.
10/X/67 scarce
M. semiserrata Wall.
28/XI1/67 moderate
Pittosporaceae

Pittosporum daphniphylloides Hayata

20/XI1/66 moderate
P. moluccanum Mia.
23/X/66 scarce
P. napaulensis Rehd. & Wils.
21/XI1/66 scarce
4/X/67 moderate

23/VIII/66 scarce
23/VIIL/67 abundant
. altaclarensis ‘Wilsonii’
23/VIIL/67 scarce
. aquifolium “Ciliata’
18/X/67 scarce
. aquifolium ‘Variegata’
25/VIII/66 abundant
I. cassine Linn.
23/VIII/66 scarce
I. centrochinensis S.Y. Hu
10/VII1/67 scarce
23/VII1/67 abundant
. cornuta Lindl. & Paxt.
13/V1/67 scarce
23/VII1/67 abundant
. franchetiana Loesener
23/VIII/66 abundant
23/VIIL/67 abundant

P. phillyraeoides DC.
7/II1/67 moderate

326

P. tobira Ait.

21/X/66 abundant
P. undulatum Vent.
4/X/67 moderate

Styraceae
Pterostyrax corymbosum Sieb. & Zucc.
20/X/66 scarce
Anacardiaceae
Rhodosphaera rhodanthema (F.
Muell.) Engl.

23 /X/67 scarce
Flacourtiaceae
Scolopia crenata Clos.
30/XII/66 abundant
12/X/67 abundant

PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971

Apocynaceae
Strophanthus divaricatus Wall.
20/X/66 scarce
Trachelospermum jasminoides
(Lindl. ) Lem.
8/X1/67
Araliaceae
Tupidanthus ealyptratus Hook.

moderate

27/X/67 moderate
Vitaceae
Vitis californica Benth.
15/V1/67 moderate
Flacourtiaceae
Xylosma congestum (Lour.) Merrill
11/X1/66 scarce
27/X/67 scarce

ALPHABETICAL List OF Host PLANT FAMILIES OF Toxoptera aurantii INDICATING
NUMBER OF GENERA, SPECIES, OR OTHER CLASSIFICATION AND NUMBER OF
COLLECTIONS MADE DurinG 1966 AND 1967

Family Genera

Number of

Hosts Collections

Anacardiaceae
Apocynaceae
Aquifoliaceae
Araliaceae
Celastraceae
Euphorbiaceae
Flacourtiaceae
Hypericaceae
Leguminosae
Myrsinaceae
Pittosporaceae
Proteaceae
Ranunculaceae
Rubiaceae
Rutaceae
Styraceae
Ternstroemiaceae
Theaceae
Vitaceae

lel eel eee see 2 ee oe ee oe NO oe OO RO NO)

Total

bo
1

—

Ll ce eel cel SE cl ee cee © SS ce oe SS el ce oe UO NN)
RF ON rR NR RP NN WOR BRR ee

—
=]
>
Go

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 327

THE GENUS CALOBATINA ENDERLEIN
(DreTERA: MICROPEZIDAE )

GeEorGE C. STEYSKAL, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural
Research Service, U. 8. Department of Agriculture!

ABSTRACT—tThe genus Calobata Enderlein is considered to consist of only the
previously unrecognized species Calobatina geometra (Robineau-Desvoidy ), with
all other described species, including the type of the genus, C. texana Enderlein,
as synonyms thereof.

In the North American catalogue of Diptera (Steyskal, 1965), I
followed Cresson (1938) in considering Neria geometra Robineau-
Desvoidy, 1830, described from “la Caroline,” as an unrecognized
species and in recognizing as valid species both Calobatina geometroides
(Cresson) (synonym, Calobatina varipes Johnson, preoccupied) and
C. texana Enderlein (synonym, Meganeria daeckei Cresson). Re-
examination of material in the U. S. National Museum, including some
recently acquired specimens, has shown that this course must be
altered.

The type of Neria geometra Robineau-Desvoidy, according to infor-
mation received through the courtesy of L. Tsacas, is not among the
remains of the Robineau-Desvoidy collection now in the Paris museum
and must be presumed no longer extant. Robineau-Desvoidy’s descrip-
tion, contrary to the opinion of Cresson, contains nothing directly con-
flicting with the characters of the species referred to Calobatina. The
size, stated to be 11 lines (= c¢ 23 mm) is certainly greater than that
of any North American micropezid, but the size of specimens that I
have seen is also greater than given by Cresson (11-12 mm), one
attaining a length of 18 mm. There will always be some doubt con-
cerning the parameter Robineau-Desvoidy described. The cited color
of the thorax (“lateribus subrubens”) could have reference to the
reddish-brown tomentum of the mesoscutal margins.

Cresson (1938, p. 354) quoted Osten Sacken as referring to the
presence of postvertical bristles in “Taeniaptera geometra R. D.,” and
then stated “If Osten Sacken is correct as regards the postverticals,
geometra cannot belong to the present genus (Calobatina),” although
on page 353 in the generic diagnosis Cresson had just stated “post-
verticals ... present.” I find well developed postverticals in the material
I have seen.

A number of intergrades between all black apical part of the hind
and middle femora and a condition wherein the black is interrupted

1 Mail address: c/o U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. 20560.

328 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971

by a distinct yellowish band (texana Enderlein) have been seen in
specimens from widely separated localities. The color of the male fore
tarsus, the characters of the head, and those of the male postabdomen
are uniformly alike in all of these forms. There seems little reason there-
fore for not recognizing as the name of this very distinct, largest North
American micropezid Calobatina geometra (Robineau-Desvoidy ).

The species is known from the following localities; those from which
I have seen material are marked with an asterisk: Pennsylvania
(*Eberlys Mill, near Camp Hill, Cumberland Co.; *Pittsburgh, Alle-
gheny Co.), Missouri (*Van Buren, Carter Co.), Kentucky (“Ky.”),
Virginia (*Nelson Co.), Tennessee (*Athens, McMinn, Co.; *Benton
Co.; “Memphis, Shelby Co.), “Caroline,” Texas (Brazos Co.; *Conroe,
Montgomery Co.; *San Antonio, Bexar Co.), Mississippi (* Benoit,
Bolivar Co.; Meridian, Lauderdale Co.), Georgia (Billy's Island,
Okefenokee Swamp, Charlton Co.; *Rockmart, Polk Co.; Spalding Co.;
*Warm Springs, Meriwether Co.), Florida (DeFuniak Springs, Walton
Co.; Jacksonville, Duval Co. ).

The larva and pupa were described by Wallace (1970) from material
found in a hollow tree stump in Georgia. The adult is easily recognized
from the descriptions in Cresson (1938). Full literature citations and
synonymy are to be found in Steyskal (1965).

REFERENCES

Cresson, E. T., Jr. 1938. The Neriidae and Micropezidae of America north of
Mexico (Diptera). Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 64:293-366.

Steyskal, G. C. 1965. Micropezidae. In Stone, A., et al. A Catalog of the
Diptera of America North of Mexico. U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv., Agr.
Handbook 276:633-636.

Wallace, J. B.. 1970. The mature larva and pupa of Calobatina geometroides
(Cresson) (Diptera: Micropezidae ). Ent. News 80:317-321.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 329

PSEUDOCALOLAMPRA, A NEW GENUS OF COCKROACH FROM AFRICA
(DicTYoOPpTERA: BLABERIDAE )

Louts M. Rorn, Pioneering Research Laboratory, U. S. Army
Natick Laboratories, Natick, Massachusetts 01760

and

Karu Princis, Entomological Institute, Lund University, Sweden

ABSTRACT—Pseudocalolampra, n. gen., an ovoviviparous genus superficially
resembling Calolampra, is described from Africa. Two species, P. pardalina
(Walker) and P. inexpectata, n. sp. are provisionally assigned to the new genus.

There are about 20 species of Calolampra Saussure. Most of these
are found in Australia but a few occur in Africa, India, Burma, China,
Sarawak, Philippines, and Haiti (Princis, 1963). A study of the male
genitalia of Calolampra suggested that the African species were not
congeneric with Australian and Haitian forms. In this paper we assign
African Calolampra to the new genus, Pseudocalolampra.

Pseudocalolampra, n. gen.
Type-species: Epilampra pardalina Walker (present designation ).

Males fully winged, females apterous. Ventral anterior margin of front femora
armed with 3 (rarely 4) spines (excluding the distal spine), the same margin of
the mid and hind femora with 2 (rarely with 1) spines. Ventral posterior margins
of all femora unarmed (except for the distal spines). Arolia present ( ¢) or
absent (2). Hypandrium (subgenital plate) asymmetrical (figs. 7, 8). Male
genitalia with a dorsal sclerite of the second left phallomere present (figs. 9, 24,
L2d). We provisionally assign to this genus P. pardalina (Walker) and P. in-
expectata, n. sp.

Differences between Pseudocalolampra and Calolampra are summarized in
table 1.

Pseudocalolampra differs from Calolamprodes Bey-Bienko by the
unarmed ventral posterior margins of mid and hind femora (except for
distal spines); in Calolamprodes there are 3 or 4 spines. Calolampra
characterosa (Walker) from India may belong to Calolamprodes. Un-
fortunately the male genitalia of a male characterosa was damaged in
preparation but L1 and the damaged prepuce and L2vm (R2 was lost)
differed from Pseudocalolampra. The hypandrium of characterosa is
characteristic of Pseudocalolampra but the ventral anterior and _pos-
terior margins of the mid femora have 3 or 4 spines respectively and
those of the hind femora 3 and 1 respectively.

330

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971

Table 1—Differences between Calolampra and Pseudocalolampra.

No. large spines (exclusive
of the distal spine) on ven-
tral anterior margins of mid
and hind femora

Hypandrium (margin be-
tween the styli)

Male genitalia

Calolampra

Usually 3 (rarely 2 or
4)

Symmetrical, — slightly
(fig. 6) to markedly
emarginate

Pseudocalolampra

Usually 2 (rarely 1)

Asymmetrical, roundly con-
vex (figs. 7, 8)

L2d Absent (figs. 27, 30) Well developed and fused
to L2vm (figs. 9, 24)
Prepuce Covered with micro- not covered with micro-
trichia (fig. 27) and — trichia, or cupshaped (figs.
curved upwards; when 15, 24).
well developed cup-
shaped and _ladel-like
(fig. 30)
R2 Figs. 28, 31 Figs. 10, 25
iit Figs. 29, 32 Figs. 11, 26

Pseudocalolampra inexpectata, n. sp.

(Figs. 4, 5, 8, 24-26)

Holotype — é, Kenya, Mtito Andei (= Mtolo Andei?), 2500 ft., 26-28. III.
1911, S. A. Neave leg. (British Museum of Natural History). Head with a distinct
ridge between eyes, yellowish with a brown macula extending from the ridge to
the line indicating the shortest interocular distance. Antennae sordid-yellowish.
Pronotum transverse, with a dark-brown symmetrical figure on yellowish back-
ground in the middle and rather densely covered throughout with dark punctures
(fig. 5). Tegmina yellowish with small dark flecks on the veins and a short broad
longitudinal line between subcosta and radius. Wings slightly darkened, as long
as the tegmina, moderately extending beyond the apex of abdomen. The dorsal
as well as the ventral side of the abdomen yellow. Hypandrium asymmetrical
convex (fig. 8). Legs yellow with brown spines. Lower anterior margins of all
femora bearing | distal spine as well as the lower posterior margins of front and
middle femora; distal spines absent from posterior femora. Additional spines are
lacking on the lower posterior margins of all femora, but the ventral anterior mar-
gin of the front femora usually has 3 and the mid and hind femora usually 2
additional spines. Tarsal claws symmetrical, well developed arolia present. Length
of body 16 mm; length of pronotum 4 mm; width of pronotum 5 mm; length of
tegmen 16 mm.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 331

Swaziland,

Fics. 1-3, Adult male, Pseudocalolampra pardalina (Whlkr.): 1
Eranchi, South Africa (Lund Univ.); 2, Tzaneen Dist., Letaba Valley, South
African Transvaal (Lund Univ.); 3, Hluhluwe, Natal (Lund Univ.), Fig. 4, 5,
P. inexpectata, n. sp. (type & British Museum of Natural History), Kenya. (scale,
figs. 4 = 5 mm, fig. 5 = 1 mm).

>

If Calolampra aptera Schulthess-Schindler, which was described from
a female collected in Ogaden (Ethiopia) and which has been regarded
as a synonym of pardalina, should prove to be the female of inexpectata,
then our species falls in the synonymy of aptera.

Figs. 6-8, Male subgenital plates (ventral views): 6, Calolampra irrorata
(Fab.) (lectotype, British Museum of Natural History); 7, P. pardalina (Wk. )
(from specimen shown in fig. 1); 8, P. inexpectata, n. sp. (from type ¢ shown
in fig. 4). (scale = 0.5 mm).

The type specimen (fig. 4) is unique and slightly smaller than P.
pardalina (body length more than 17 mm) (figs. 1-3). The male
genitalia are strikingly different from those of P. pardalina; in pardalina
L2d is directed dorsolaterally (fig. 9) whereas in inexpectata it is more
fingerlike and directed distally (fig. 24). The prepuce is much more
developed and sclerotized in inexpectata. The phallomeres R2 and L1
of both species are essentially similar (cf. figs. 10, 11 and 25, 26).

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO.

Figs. 9-17, Male genitalia of Pseuwdocalolampra pardalina (Wlkr.): 9-11,
holotype, Lake Ngami, Betschuanaland (British Museum of Natural History);
12-14. South Africa (from specimen shown in fig. 1) (L1 in fig. 14 was distorted
during preparation). Figs. 15-17, Calolampra arborifera Hanitsch. Shinyanga,
Tanganyika. (type 6, Oxford, Hope Dept. Ent.) (scale = 0.2 mm), (L1 =
first sclerite of left phallomere; L2d = dorsal sclerite of left phallomere; L2vm =
ventromedial sclerite of left phallomere; P = prepuce; R2 = hooked sclerite of
right phallomere; S = sclerotized membrane ).

334 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971

Figs. 18-26, Male genitalia of Pseudocalolampra spp.: 18-20, P. pardalina
(Wlkr.), South African Transvaal (from specimen shown in fig. 2); 21-23, P.
pardalina, Natal (from specimen shown in fig. 3); 24-26. P. inexpectata, n. sp.,
Kenya (from type ¢ shown in fig. 4). (scale = 0.2 mm). (SP = sclerotization
of prepuce; other abbreviations as in figs. 9-17).

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 335

\ Din

32

Figs. 27-32, Male genitalia of Calolampra spp.: 27-29. C. irrorata ( Fab.)
(lectotype, herewith designated, British Museum of Natural History), the prepuce
in fig. 27 was markedly flattened in preparation; 30-32, C. aliena Rehn and
Hebard, Haiti (type ¢, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University).
(scale = .2 mm). (abbreviations as in figs. 9-17).

Pseudocalolampra pardalina (Walker) occurs from Kenya to Bots-
wana and Mozambique. The L2 phallomere and prepuce from several
different localities show some variation. In the type specimen from
Botswana (fig. 9) and the one from Swaziland (fig. 12) L2d tapers
to a point. In the type of Calolampra arborifera Hanitsch, a synonym
of pardalina (see Princis, 1963a), from Tanganyika, L2d (fig. 15) is
slightly more rounded at the tip. The L2d’s of the Transvaal (fig. 18)
and Natal (fig. 21) specimens are stouter and more broadly rounded,
than they are in the other specimens. The prepuce is only slightly
developed in the type specimen (fig. 9, P) but is distinctly developed
and fingerlike in the other specimens; in one of these (fig. 18) the
tip of the prepuce is sclerotized. The sclerotized portion of the mem-

336 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971

brane to the right of L2vm and L2d (fig. 9, S) is absent in the type of
arborifera (fig. 15) and poorly developed in the Transvaal specimen
(fig. 18).

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank the following individuals for the loan of material: Dr. David R.
Ragge, British Museum (Natural History), London; Professor G. C. Varley, Uni-
versity of Oxford, Hope Dept. of Zoology (Entomology); Dr. S. L. Tuxen, Zoolog-
ical Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark. We are grateful to Mr. Samuel Cohen for
taking the photographs.

REFERENCES

Prineis, K. 1963. Orthopterorum Catalogus, Edit. M. Beier. Pars. 4. ’s-Graven-
hage, pp. 76-172.
1963a. Blattariae (Revision der siidafrikanischen Blattarienfauna ).
In South African Animal Life, IX. 318 pp. Stockholm.

CHTHONOTHRIPS NIGROCINCTUS HOOD, LECTOTYPE
DESIGNATION AND DESCRIPTION OF MALE
(THYSANOPTERA: PHLAEOTHRIPIDAE )

Apparently part of the original description of the phlaeothripine species Chthon-
othrips nigrocinctus Hood (1957, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 70:142-143) was omitted
by accident. The description fails to mention the ¢, designate a type, or give any
collection data, although Hood’s series includes both sexes with a @ labeled
holotype and a ¢ labeled allotype. Each of the descriptions of other species in
the paper mentions the ¢ if it exists; details the type-series; and designates the
holotype, or states that it is based on a unique specimen, or both.

The 2 of nigrocinctus resembles the 2 in color and general structure, and is
also apterous. Both sexes have a brown wash on the proepimera and a pair of
pale brown spots on abdominal tergum III that Hood did not mention. The ¢
prothorax and fore femora are scarcely larger than those of the 9 and the fore
tibiae are a little shorter. Sterna IV—VII of the ¢ have the reticles that are peculiar
to the ¢ in many species of fungus-feeding phlaeothripines. These reticles, which
are absent from plant-feeding phlaeothripines, are in partial, transverse bands
behind the antecostae. Sternum VIII has the glandular area in a wide, transverse
band that extends behind the antecosta to the lateral margins and covers about
half the area of the sternum.

The 2 labeled holotype, on which Hood based his description, is here desig-
nated lectotype. The lectotype, U.S.N.M. no. 17249, was collected in Brazil,
Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia, under fallen leaves, Sep. 1955, F. Plaumann,
Hood no. 1787, with 1 2 paralectotype. Additional @ paralectotypes and 3
specimens have the same data except as follows: 1 9, Oct., Hood 1788; 3 2 @
5 6 6, July, Hood 1789;6 2 2 3 g ¢, Aug., Hood 1790; 1 &, Nov. 1954, Hood
1995.—KeELuie O'NEILL, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Re-
search Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. 20250.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 337

GENERIC PLACEMENT AND ADULT BEHAVIOR OF THE GENUS
LEPTOHOPLIA SAYLOR
(COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE )

H. F. Howven, Biology Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario
and

A. R. Harpy, Entomology Department, University of California,
Riverside, California 92502

ABSTRACT—The subfamily and tribal placement of Leptohoplia testaceipennis
Saylor is considered. A comparison of the body shape, mouth parts, abdominal
characters, and tarsal characters, relates the genus to Rhombonalia Casey in the
Anomalini. Distribution records and notes on adult behavior are included.

Saylor (1935) described the monotypic genus, Leptohoplia, with
testaceipennis Saylor as type-species. At the time of description Saylor
found the genus “very difficult” to place, assigning it to the tribe
Hoplini. Possibly because the species has been infrequently collected,
the relationships of the genus have not been reconsidered, Arnett
(1960) and other workers accepting Saylor’s placement. The acquisi-
tion of a good series of both males and females (the original descrip-
tion was based on three males), allows us to assess sexual characters,
variation and general relationships. The discussion on relationships is
followed by a section on field observations of the adult behavior.

RELATIONSHIPS AND GENERIC PLACEMENT

Leptohoplia Saylor undoubtedly belongs in either the Melolonthinae
or the Rutelinae; Saylor, without stating his reasons, placed the genus
in the melolonthine tribe Hoplini. Leptohoplia does have characters in
common with the Hoplini, but we believe it shows closer affinities to
the genus Rhombonalia Casey in the Anomalini.

Subfamily placement varies with authors, depending on the com-
bination of characters used. Arnett (1960, p. 418) gives as one char-
acteristic of the subfamily Melolonthinae: “Fifth visible abdominal
sternite connate with penultimate abdominal tergite to form a sub-
apical abdominal ring, five or six visible abdominal sternites;”. In
the tribes and genera he includes in the Melolonthinae the degree of
fusion of the penultimate sternite and tergite varies, the genus Isony-
chus having them connate, the genus Hoplia having them free. Lepto-
hoplia has the penultimate tergite and sternite connate, but so do
Rhombonalia and Anomala in the Rutelinae. Numerous authors,
Paulian (1941) for example, consider Hoplia and its relatives to belong
to the subfamily Hoplinae, basing this on the single tarsal claw on the

338 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971

Figs. 1-5, Leptohoplia testaceipennis Saylor: 1, dorsal view of male; 2, dorsal
view of female; 3, head of male showing tuft of hairs; 4, lateral view of male; 5,
lateral view of female.

hind leg, on the single, often obsolete, hind tibial spur and on the
presence of scales. Leptohoplia lacks all of these characters which
would relate it to Hoplia. The most constant character separating the
Melolonthinae (including the Hoplini) from the Rutelinae seems to be
the differences in claws. If a species has the tarsal claws, particularly
of the hind legs, essentially equal in size (or single as in Hoplia) then
it is placed in the Melolonthinae. If the species has the hind tarsal
claws unequal, then it belongs to the Rutelinae. In the case of the
Anomalini, not only are the tarsal claws unequal in size, but in the
majority of species the males have the apical tarsal segment and claws
of the anterior legs enlarged. This is true of Leptohoplia, relating it,
therefore, to the Anomalini. At least seven native genera of Anomalini
occur in North America north of Mexico, several of these having nu-
merous characters in common with Leptohoplia.

Leptohoplia has the body elongate-oval (figs. 1, 2); largely glabrous above;
clypeus rounded with anterior edge distinctly thickened; antenna 9-segmented
with 3-segmented club, the club approximately twice as long as basal 6 segments
in male, slightly shorter than basal 6 segments in female; mentum narrow, almost
conical, largely concealed by a conspicuous brush of setae (fig. 3); pronotum

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 339

Figs. 6-8, Leptohoplia testaceipennis Saylor: 6, lateral view of male genitalia;
7, anterior tarsus of male; 8, anterior tarsus of female.

with complete marginal bead; elytra with striae obsolete, sometimes indicated by
rows of shallow punctures; fore tibia with two teeth, one apical; fore tarsi 5-seg-
mented, the apical segment longer than third and fourth combined, slightly larger
in male (fig. 7) than in female (fig. 8); fore tarsal claws in male with inner claw
enlarged and cleft, less so in female; smaller claw on all legs very slender, two-
thirds length of larger claw, but often largely absent (seemingly due to abrasion)
and represented by a minute lobe; smaller claws in female seemingly abraded,
minute; hind tibia with moderately developed transverse band of setae at apical
third, and usually partial band at basal third; hind tibia with two apical spurs, one
slender and often abraded; in female (fig. 5) hind tibia shorter and thicker than
in male (fig. 4), all tarsi much shorter than in male; genitalia of male (fig. 6)
typical of Anomalini.

The combination of the elongate-oval body shape, narrowed mentum,
and obsolete elytral striae relate Leptohoplia more closely to Anomala
and Rhombonalia than to other anomaline genera such as Strigoderma.
The thickened anterior edge of the clypeus and the narrowed, some-
what conical mentum relates Leptohoplia most closely to Rhombonalia.
In Anomala the mentum is usually broad and flat, while in Rhombonalia
it is distinctly narrowed. In respect to body shape, antennal and clyp-
eal characters, morphology of the legs and the male genitalia, Lepto-
hoplia could easily be placed in the genus Rhombonalia. However the
extremely unusual and conspicuous tuft of hairs (fig. 3) on the mentum,
coupled with the obsolete striae and unusually heavy-bodied female,
seem to justify generic separation. We would, therefore, retain Lep-
tohoplia as a distinct genus, placing it beside Rhombonalia in the
Anomalini.

340 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971

ADULT BEHAVIOR

The monotypic Leptohoplia testaceipennis appears to be limited to
sandy areas in the lower portions of the Colorado Desert. The species
has been taken in deep sand habitats 15 miles east of Calexico and at
Glamis in Imperial County, California, and a single specimen has been
seen labeled Yuma, Arizona. Generally the species is active from April
to July in the late aftemoon and evening. Specimens, particularly males,
come to black-light and the males are agile flyers.

A large number of adults were observed and collected on April 23
and May 5, 1970, by A. Hardy near Glamis and the following obser-
vations pertain to this colony. The colony was situated just east of
Glamis at an elevation of approximately 300 feet. The area is at the
eastern edge of the large, drifting sand hills which run diagonally
through the southeastern part of Imperial County. The sand hills arise
from a hardpan and may reach several hundred feet in height. Vegeta-
tion (characterized as “Creosote Bush Scrub” by Munz, 1959) in the
area is scattered and is composed mostly of creosote bush (Larrea),
smoke tree (Dalea), cheesebush (Hymenoclea), along with scattered
mesquite (Prosopis) and wash willow (Chilopsis), and abundant
annuals and perennials (Sphaeralcea, Oenothera, etc.). During April
and May light winds blew erratically over the dunes; the air became
still near sunset and sunrise.

At dusk near the crests of the dunes the first Leptohoplia appeared.
They emerged from the sand gradually, first exposing the head and
pronotum. They remained motionless in this position for several min-
utes, then moved to the surface. They then remained quiescent with
the antennae extended, the club widely spread, for from one to five or
more minutes. The beetles then became active, often making flights
ranging from two to several hundred feet in length. Flight patterns
appeared to be random, upwind if there was a breeze and usually
within a few inches of the ground. During these periods of activity the
beetles could be seen everywhere on the dunes.

Males predominated, and it is assumed they were searching for
females. One female in the clutches of an antlion (Myrmeleon sp.?)
had the elytra and pygidium exposed above the sand. During a period
of about 15 seconds, six male Leptohoplia flew to the exposed portion
of the female and attempted to copulate, forming a moving ball of
beetles around the exposed portions of the dead female. The attraction
of the males to the partly exposed, motionless female makes us suspect
the presence of an attractive pheromone. Unfortunately no normal
mating attempts were observed. Close observation was difficult, since
most beetles flew when the observer was eight to ten feet away.

At night a black-light placed on the dunes attracted nearly 200 male
and female Leptohoplia in a two to three hour period. The same light,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 341

on other occasions, placed several hundred feet away from the dunes on
the hardpan attracted less than a dozen individuals.

Daytime sifting in the dunes yielded a number of species of Scar-
abaeidae, such as Diplotaxis, Bothynus, and Anomala. However, no
Leptohoplia were taken, even when the sand was sifted to a depth of
three feet. This coupled with the worn condition of the legs of many
specimens seems to indicate that the species are strong burrowers.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

We would like to thank Mr. Colin Jones, Staff Photographer, Carleton Univer-
sity, for assistance with the photographs used herein.

REFERENCES

Arnett, R. H., Jr. 1960. The beetles of the United States. Catholic University
of America Press, Washington, D.C.

Munz, P. A. 1959. A California flora. University of California Press, Berkeley
and Los Angeles.

Paulian, R. 1941. Faune de France. 38. Coleopteres, Scarabeides. P. Le-
chevalier et Fils, Paris.

Saylor, L. W. 1935. A new genus and two new species of Coleoptera from
California (Scarabaeidae). Pan-Pac. Ent. 11:132-134.

NEW GENERIC SYNONYMY AND NEW COMBINATIONS IN ANOBIIDAE
( COLEOPTERA )

RicHarp E. Wuite, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural

Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture!

ABSTRACT—Priotoma Gorham is recognized as a junior synonym of Byrrhodes
Lec., and Scymnuseutheca Pic as a junior synonym of Microzogus Fall. New
combinations include Protheca hirsuta (Pic), a species formerly in Pseudodorca-
toma, and Euceratocerus maculicollis (Champion) a species described in Ptilinus.

Recent work aimed toward a reclassification of the world Anobiidae
has resulted in the following changes.

Byrrhodes Leconte

Byrrhodes Leconte, 1878, p. 412. Type-species: B. setosus Leconte, by monotypy.

Priotoma Gorham, 1886, p. 350. Type-species: P. quadrimaculata (Gorham) by
original designation. New synonymy.

Eutylistus Fall, 1905, p. 264. Type-species: E. incomptus (Lec.), designated by
White, in press.

‘Mail address: c/o U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. 20560.

342 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971

The only character that Fall (1905, p. 264) recognized as of signifi-
cance in distinguishing Byrrhodes from Eutylistus (= Priotoma: Cham-
pion, 1913) was the impressed elytral striae of Byrrhodes. I have
examined the type-species of Byrrhodes and Priotoma and have found
them to be nearly identical in all characters of generic significance.
Among Central and South American specimens assignable to these
genera I find nearly continuous intermediate conditions between the
smooth elytral lines between bands of punctures to be found in Prio-
toma incompta ( Lec.) and P. tristriata (Lec.) and the impressed striae
of B. setosus Lec., and conclude that the elytral striae are not of generic
significance.

Microzogus Fall
Microzogus Fall, 1905, p. 315. Type-species: M. insolens Fall, by monotypy.
Scymnuseutheca Pic, 1909, p. 170. Type-species: S. apicalis Pic by monotypy.
New synonymy.

I have examined the original description of Scymnuseutheca, a spec-
imen in the USNM from the Baker collection taken in Gaudeloupe
(from the type series?) determined as S. apicalis Pic, the description
and illustration in Lepesme (1947, pp. 212, 213), and have compared
them with type specimens of Microzogus insolens Fall in the USNM
collection. I conclude that the two species are congeneric. Lepesme
is in error in stating that the antennae are 11 segmented; they are 10
segmented. Microzogus insolens Fall is clearly specifically distinct
from M. apicalis (Pic); the large punctures on both the pronotum and
elytra of M. insolens are larger and sparser than the large punctures on
the pronotum and elytra of M. apicalis. Also the pubescence of the
latter species is longer and denser than that on M. insolens.

Protheea hirsuta (Pic), n. comb.

Pseudodorcatoma hirsuta Pic, 1937, p. 195.

A specimen in the USNM (from the Nevermann collection) bears
the following data “Costa Rica, F. Nevermann, 23-II-26; an Gebusch;
TYPE; Cotype, No. 54555, U. S. N. M.; Pseudodorcatoma hirsuta NM;
Pseudodorcatoma, Ps. hirsuta Pic”. This specimen is hereby designated
as lectotype. It is congeneric with Protheca hispida Leconte, the type-
species of Protheca (designated by Lucas, 1920).

Euceratocerus maculicollis (Champion), n. comb.

Ptilinus maculicollis Champion, 1913, p. 160.

Four specimens in the USNM from Honduras (Suyapa Morazan) are
in good agreement with the description and illustration of the above
species. These specimens are clearly members of the genus Eucerato-
cerus, not Ptilinus.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 3438

REFERENCES

Champion, G. C. 1913. III. Notes on various Central American Coleoptera,
with descriptions of new genera and species. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. Part I, p.
58-169.

Fall, H. C. 1905. Revision of the Ptinidae of Boreal America. Trans. Amer.
Ent. Soc. 31:97—296.

Gorham, H. S. 1886. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Sup-
plement to Malacodermata, vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 313-360.

Leconte, J. L. 1878. Additional descriptions of new species. In Schwarz, The
Coleoptera of Florida. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 17:373-434.

Lepesme, P. 1947. Bostrychoidea. In Fleutiaux, et al., Coleopteres de Antilles,
Faune de L’Empire France, VII (vol. 1):194—-233.

Lucas, R. 1920. Catalogus alphabeticus generum et subgenerum Coleopterorum
... Berlin. 696 p.

Pic, M. 1909. Supplement a la liste des Coleopteres de la Guadeloupe. Ann.
Soc. Ent. France 78: 166-172.

1937. Nouveaux Coléoptéres du Musee Zoologique de Hamburg.
Ent. Nachrichtenblatt 10(4):193-196.

TWO NEW ORIENTAL SPECIES OF THE GENUS MYOLEPTA NEWMAN
(DiprERA: SYRPHIDAE )!

F. CuristiAN THompson, 10 Edmunds Road Wellesley Hills, Massachusetts 02181

ABSTRACT—Two new species of Oriental Myolepta Newman (Diptera: Syr-
phidae) M. petiolata and M. orientalis, are described from Thailand. A key to
the Oriental species of Myolepta is included.

Two new Oriental species of the genus Myolepta Newman are de-
scribed from Thailand. These two species are unique among the known
species of Myolepta due to their long antennae. Myolepta character-
istically has short antennae, about one half as long as the face, and
roughly oval third antennal segments, whereas the sister-group to
Myolepta, Lepidomyia Loew, has elongate antennae, as long as or
longer than the face, and elongate third antennal segments, two or more
times as long as broad. The only other difference between Myolepta
and Lepidomyia is the presence in Lepidomyia of a facial tubercle in
the female (Thompson, 1968). Also Lepidomyia is endemic to the
New World tropics but Myolepta is distributed throughout the Hol-
arctic region and most of the Neotropical region. Until now only one

‘Contribution no. 1394 from the Systematics and Morphology Research Lab-
oratory, Department of Entomology, University of Massachusetts, Amberst.

344 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971
> 9 >

species of Myolepta has been known from the confines of the Oriental
region. The two new species, although they have long antennae like
Lepidomyia, are placed in Myolepta because 1) they lack the facial
tubercle in the female, and 2) of their Oriental distribution. The three
known oriental species of Myolepta can be distinguished by the fol-
lowing key.

KrY TO THE ORIENTAL SPECIES OF Myolepta NEWMAN

1. Antennae short, less than one-half as long as face; third antennal segment
oval:iscutellum jblack! oes 2s = ea eee himalayana Brunetti (India)

Antennae long, about as long as or longer than face; third antennal segment
elongate; scutellum not all black, with some light color 2

2. Abdomen petiolate; scutellum orange — petiolata, n. sp. (Thailand)
Abdomen oval, not petiolate; scutellum black, with a yellow tip —
RN in a eet A ES OPE ABE RE orientalis, n. sp. (Thailand)

Myolepta himalayana Brunetti

Myolepta himalayana Brunetti, 1915, Rec. Indian Mus. 11:233, pl. xii, fig. 12,
male head, profile, fig. 13, wing; 1923, Fauna British India, Diptera III:229,
fig. 46, male head, profile.

Myolepta himalayana is readily distinguished from both new species
by the above key and also the following characteristics: 1) completely
reddish-orange second abdominal segment; 2) orange abdominal tip;
and 3) yellowish-orange trochanters and bases and tips of the tibiae,
with the rest of the legs black.

Myolepta petiolata Thompson, n. sp.
(GHigss225"3))

Metallic bluish-black fly except for orange scutellum and with a petiolate ab-
domen.

Female.—Head: face metallic bluish-black, with short scattered white pile, me-
dially shiny and laterally golden pollinose; facial grooves long, extending two-
thirds of the distance to antennal pits; cheeks metallic bluish-black, golden polli-
nose on posterior half; front metallic bluish-black, with short white pile, golden
pollinose on upper two-thirds and shiny on lower third; frontal lunule orange;
vertex not protuberant, metallic bluish-black, with short white pile and shiny;
occiput metallic bluish-black, with white pile and golden pollinose. Antennae
slightly shorter than face, orange except dark apical tip and dorsal half of third
segment; first segment with three short black dorso-apical bristles; second seg-
ment with a short black dorso-apical bristle; third segment elongate, tapering on
apical half to a broad blunt tip, about two and one half times as long as first and
second segments together; arista dark orangish-brown, slightly longer than antenna
and also face.

Thorax: slightly longer than broad, bluish-black, grayish pollinose except golden
pollinose on transverse sutures and shiny on anterior part of sternopleurae and all
pteropleurae; pleurae with short white pile; dorsum with short white pile except

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 345

7

Fig. 1, Myolepta orientalis, n. sp., head of female in lateral view. Figs. 2, 3,
M. petiolata, n. sp.: 2, head of female in lateral view; 3, abdomen, a. dorsal
view; b. lateral view.

346 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971

black pile in front of transverse sutures and in a complete transverse band behind
the sutures; metasternum bare; metathoracic spiracular pile patch present; meta-
epimera extending behind coxae and separated by only a narrow membraneous
band. Scutellum orange, with white pile, without ventral pile fringe or apical
emarginate rim. Plumulae and squamae orange. Halters orange. Legs: with pale
pile; coxae dark brown and gray pollinose; trochanter dark brown; femora reddish-
brown except yellow basal fifth; tibiae reddish-brown; tarsi dark brown except
yellow first segments and basal half of second segments. Wings: hyaline except
for a slightly brownish tinge behind stigma, with stigma brownish, with orange
humeral bristles; basal part of wing bare—costal cell, both basal cells, anal cell
except for a small apical patch with microtrichi, base of discal cell, posterior part
of wing behind anal cell and base of cubital cell; apical part of wing microtrichose.
Abdomen: as long as thorax, petiolate, constricted at base of second segment,
metallic bluish-black, with appressed golden pile; venter silvery pollinose and
with short scattered white pile. Abdomen of type is badly greased, thus it is
impossible to determine whether there were pollinose marking on the dorsum.

Holotype female—THAILAND, NW Chiangmai Prov., Chiangdao;
450 m., 5-11 April 1958 (T. A. Maa, no. 320). The type is deposited in
the Bishop Museum, Hawaii.

Discussion: Myolepta petiolata can be distinguished from all other
known species of Myolepta by its petiolate abdomen and almost com-
plete postmetacoxal bridge (the extension of meta-epimeron behind the
coxae). For discussion of other differences between petiolata and
orientalis or himalayana, see the key or the discussion under those
respective species.

Myolepta orientalis Thompson, n. sp.
(Fig. 1)

Metallic bluish-black fly with tip of abdomen golden tomentose and tip of
scutellum yellow.

Female.—Head: face metallic bluish-black, with fine short scattered white
pile, light golden pollinose except for shiny semicircular spot under antennae which
is connected narrowly and laterally with shiny area of front; facial grooves long,
extending about two-thirds of the distance to antennal pits; cheeks bluish-black
with a slight reddish tinge under certain light conditions, with fine short scattered
white pile and shiny; front metallic bluish-black, with fine short scattered white
pile, light golden pollinose on upper two-thirds, with pollen denser on medial
third, shiny on lower one-third except pollinose narrowly on sides, with two medial
longitudinal grooves on upper two-thirds which delimit the medial third from
sides; frontal lunule orange as are antennal sockets; vertex metallic bluish-black
with a slight reddish tinge under some light conditions, with a few scattered white
hairs, shiny, slightly protuberant; occiput golden pollinose and white pilose.
Antennae orange except light brownish on upper two-thirds of third segment, as
long as face; second segment with a short black dorso-apical bristle; third segment
twice as long as first and second segments together, with parallel ventral and
dorsal margins, with blunt tip; arista orange, as long as antenna.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 347

Thorax: slightly broader than long, metallic bluish-black except reddish tinged
at sutures and orangish-brown postalar calli; pro- and metathorax grayish pol-
linose; mesothoracic pleurae bare except for scattered white scales and_ shiny;
metasternum bare; metathoracic spiracular pile patch present; dorsum with disc
dull-grayish pollinose except for two indistinct broad brownish longitudinal pol-
linose stripes and white pollinose at ends of transverse sutures, with lateral margins
shiny, with appressed black pile and with scattered narrow white scales. Scutellum
with apical emarginate rim, without ventral pile fringe, black except yellow apical
fifth, with black pile and few white hairs intermixed. Plumulae short and brown.
Squamae dirty white with brown margin and fringe. Halters orange. Legs: with
light pile except dark pile on apical half and dorsal edge of femora; coxae and
trochanters orange; femora and tibiae metallic bluish-black; tarsi orange except
dark brown apical four segments of protarsi. Wings: hyaline except veins orange
on apical third and dark brown on basal two-thirds, with luteous stigma, with a
few black humeral bristles, microtrichose except for following bare areas—basal
two-thirds of costal cell, both sides of spurious vein in first basal cell, posterior half
of second basal cell, anterior half of anal cell and anterior half of alula.

Abdomen: as broad as thorax, short oval, curved ventrally after second seg-
ment, with an indistinct medial semicircular depression on apical half of fourth
segment, with fifth segment retracted under fourth segment, metallic bluish-black
except orange apical third of fourth segment, shiny except grayish pollinose on
first segment; venter with light pile; first tergite with white pile; second tergite
with appressed golden pile on lateral third and appressed black pile medially; third
tergite with appressed golden pile laterally, medially with longitudinal band of
tomentum which occupies one-eighth of basal margin of segment expanding pos-
teriorly to occupy one-half of apical margin, elsewhere with appressed black; fourth
tergite completely covered with golden tomentum.

Holotype female—THAILAND, NW Chiangmai Prov., Chiangdao;
450 m., 5-11 April 1958 (T. A. Maa, no. 336). The type is deposited in
the Bishop Museum, Hawaii.

Discussion: Myolepta orientalis can be easily separated from M.
petiolata by the characters given in the key and by its: 1) golden
tomentose abdominal tip; 2) brown plumulae; 3) dirty white squamae;
4) orange coxae and trochanters; and 5) metallic bluish-black femora
and tibiae.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I would like to thank Dr. J. L Gressitt for the loan of the material described in
this paper.
REFERENCES
Brunetti, Enrico. 1915. Notes on Oriental Syrphidae with descriptions of new
species. Rec. Indian Mus. 11:201-256.
1923. Pipunculidae, Syrphidae, Conopidae, Oestridae. Diptera,
[vol. III], 424 pp., 85 figs., 7 pls. In [Shipley, A. E., ed.], Fauna of British
India [q.v.]. London.
Thompson, F. Christian. 1968. The placement of the subgenus Protolepido-
stola Hull (Diptera: Syrphidae) with the description of two new species. Jour.
Kansas Ent. Soc. 41:270-277.

348 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971

BYLAWS OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON?!

Article I — Name Article VI — Executive Committee
Article II — Object Article VII — Standing Committees
Article III — Membership Article VIII — Meetings

Article IV — Dues Article IX — Publications

Article V — Officers Article X |— Amendments

Article I—Name

The name of this organization is “The Entomological Society of Washington.”

Article II1.—Object

Section 1.—The object of the Society is to promote the study of entomology in
all its aspects and to cultivate mutually advantageous relations among those in
any way interested in entomology.

Section 2.—Among the means to be employed to this end shall be meetings for
the discussion of entomological topics, and publications of such nature as may be
deemed desirable.

Article I1]—Membership

Section 1—Members shall be persons who have demonstrated interest in the
science of entomology.

Section 2.—Applications for membership shall be made to the Membership Com-
mittee in writing. They shall be accompanied by brief statements of qualifications.

Section 3.—Election of members shall be the responsibility of the Membership
Committee in accordance with the procedure outlined in Article VII, Section 2.

Section 4.—Any person who has been a member of the Society for five years and
whose dues are paid in full may become a Life Member by paying $100.00. Dues
for a Sustaining Member are $500.00 for a 5-year period. Life Members are exempt
from paying further dues.

Section 5.—Members of 15 years or more standing, not in arrears for dues or
otherwise indebted to the Society when retiring from income-producing employ-
ment, may request, and be continued by, the Executive Committee as members
without further payment of dues. Members thus relieved of the payment of dues
will not be sent copies of the Proceedings.

Section 6.—The Society may elect honorary members in recognition of long and
meritorious effort to advance entomological science. Individuals so recognized
shall be approved unanimously by the Executive Committee and by two-thirds vote
of members present at any regular meeting. Honorary members shall be elected
for life, shall pay no dues, and shall be accorded all privileges of members. The
number of honorary members carried concurrently on the membership roll shall

‘ The last revision of the Bylaws was published in the Proceedings, vol. 61(1):
41-47, Feb. 1959. Amendments since then are noted in vol. 72(3): 422, 423,
Sept. 1970. Further amendments were adopted at the regular meetings of January
and May 1971, those of the latter being proposed by the undersigned committee
during its preparation of these Bylaws for publication—Ad hoc Committee on
Bylaws, KAnL V. KROMBEIN, PAuL M. Marsu, Curtis W. SAasrosky, Chairman.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 349

not exceed three, except when an honorary member is chosen Honorary President,
in which case there may be four.

Section 7 A membership list shall be published at least once every three
years in the Proceedings of the Society.

Article [V.—Dues

Section 1.—The annual dues shall be six dollars payable January 1. Members
elected prior to October shall receive all numbers of the Proceedings for that year.
Members elected after September shall be exempt from dues for the calendar year
in which they are elected and shall receive the Proceedings beginning with January
of the next year.

Section 2.—The Treasurer shall notify those members one year in arrears for
dues. After one month’s notice, if dues are not paid the member’s name shall be
removed from the mailing list for the Proceedings. The member shall be notified
of such action by the Corresponding Secretary. A member who is two years in
arrears tor dues may be dropped from membership by vote of the Executive Com-
mittee after two months’ notice.

Section 3.—A member shall be considered to be one year in arrears if he has
not paid his dues by March of the year following the year in which they were
payable.

Section 4—Members dropped for non-payment of dues, or those who have re-
signed, may be reinstated by payment of dues for the current year and by pay-
ment at membership rates for all copies of the Proceedings for which they are
delinquent.

Article V.—Officers

Section 1.—The elected Officers of the Society shall be a President, a President-
Elect, a Recording Secretary, a Corresponding Secretary, a Treasurer, an Editor,
a Custodian, a Program Chairman, and a Membership Chairman. These shall be
chosen from resident members.

Section 2.—The President or, in his absence, the senior officer present (as listed
in the previous Section) shall preside at all meetings of the Society and of the
Executive Committee. The President or his substitute shall have authority to and
shall appoint any standing or special committees whose services are required in
the interests of the Society. He shall conduct such correspondence as should
appropriately bear his signature as presiding officer. If he is a member of the
Washington Academy of Sciences, he shall represent the Society as Vice-president
of the Academy; or he may appoint to substitute for him a qualified member of
the Society. The President shall deliver an address on some subject pertinent to
the objectives of the Society at the first or second meeting subsequent to the com-
pletion of his term of office.

Section 3.—The President-Elect shall automatically succeed to the Presidency
at the close of the annual meeting, or whenever the President is unable to com-
plete his term of office.

Section 4.—The Recording Secretary shall make a record of the proceedings
of the Society and of the meetings of the Executive Committee, and shall submit
a record of the Society’s proceedings to the Editor for publication.

Section 5.—The Corresponding Secretary shall conduct all official correspon-

350 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971

dence of the Society except as otherwise provided, shall keep a list of all members
and subscribers together with their addresses, and shall be responsible for the
mailing of the Proceedings.

Section 6.—The Treasurer shall have charge of and be responsible for all funds
and investments of the Society, and shall make routine disbursements. Unusual
disbursements and investments shall be made only at the direction of the Execu-
tive Committee. He shall collect all sums due to the Society from any source,
notify all members and subscribers who are in arrears, and shall present to the
Executive Committee an annual report on the financial status of the Society, and
conduct such correspondence as is necessary to carry out these duties. The fiscal
year of the Society shall be November 1 to the following October 31. The Treas-
urer shall close his books at the end of the fiscal vear, so the accounts of the
Society may be audited prior to its annual meeting.

Section 7.—The Editor shall be responsible for editing all publications of the
Society, and shall conduct such business as is necessary to carry out this re-
sponsibility.

Section 8.—The Custodian shall have charge of the reserve stock of the Society’s
publications, shall make such sales as lie within the interests of the Society, and
shall be responsible for preserving such records, papers, or items of the Society as
shall be deemed necessary by the Executive Committee.

Section 9.—The Program Chairman shall be responsible for arranging, with the
assistance of the members of the Program Committee, the program of each meet-
ing of the Society and for notifying the resident members of the Society of all
meetings. Those members living in metropolitan Washington and nearby areas
shall be considered resident members.

Section 10.—The Membership Chairman shall be responsible for activities of the
Membership Committee as provided for in these Bylaws. He shall notify the
Corresponding Secretary of the names and addresses of new members, and coop-
erate with that officer and the Treasurer in maintaining an accurate membership
list.

Section 11.—At the annual meeting, having before it the list of candidates sub-
mitted by the Nominating Committee, the membership present may make other
nominations from the floor. A separate election by written ballot shall be held
for each office for which there are two or more candidates, the ballots being dis-
tributed, collected and counted by tellers appointed by the President. When only
one candidate for an office is before the Society, election shall be viva voce on
motion and second from the floor and in that case two or more offices may be
treated in one motion.

Section 12.—The officers shall serve for one year, assuming their duties at the
end of the Annual (December) Meeting and serve until their successors are
elected; except the Treasurer who shall assume his duties as soon as arrangements
can readily be made with his predecessor and the banks for transfer of Society
funds. The Executive Committee may ask for such reports of officers as are
deemed necessary. Except for the President and President-Elect, who cannot
be re-elected to these offices in consecutive years, there shall be no limitation as
to the number of terms to which an officer may be elected.

Section 13.—Vacancies in any office except President and President-Elect shall
be filled through appointment by the Executive Committee. Members selected

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 351

to fill such vacancies shall hold office only until their successors are elected. If
the office of President-Elect becomes vacant, the position will be filled by a
special election in accordance with regular nomination procedures.

Section 14.—The Society may elect an additional officer to be known as Honor-
ary President who shall serve in that capacity during the remainder of his life.
His nomination shall be approved unanimously by the Executive Committee. Elec-
tion shall be by three-fourths majority of the membership present at a regular
meeting. The Honorary President shall be exempt from the payment of dues
and shall be accorded all privileges of members.

Article VI.—Executive Committee

Section 1.—The activities of the Society shall be guided by an Executive Com-
mittee. The Committee membership shall consist of all officers and the last avail-
able past president.

Section 2—The Executive Committee shall assume the responsibility for and
shall conduct the activities of the Society, direct finances, and provide for meetings
and publications. As provided elsewhere in these Bylaws, the Committee shall
report fully to the Society once each year, on its conduct of the Society’s busi-
ness, either through the different officers or by specially approved representative.
The report shall include an approved audit of the Treasurer’s accounts. The
Committee shall also consider and present to the Society proposals for change or
improvement, and shall transact all other business requiring attention and not
otherwise assigned.

Section 3.—The Executive Committee shall hold such meetings as are required
to transact the business of the Society during the year. One of these shall be
sufficiently prior to the Annual Meeting to permit consideration and approval of
a summary report for presentation by the President at the Annual Meeting on the
state of the Society and the work of the officers. Other meetings of the Executive
Committee may be called at any time by the President or his substitute and shall
be called promptly by the presiding officer on request of any three members of the
Committee other than the presiding officer. The presence of five members of the
Executive Committee at any meeting shall establish a quorum.

Article VII.—Standing Committees

Section 1.—The standing committees of the Society shall consist of a Member-
ship Committee, a Program Committee, a Publications Committee, a Finance
Committee, and a Nominating Committee. New non-elective members of these
committees shall be appointed by the incoming President each year. The Com-
mittees shall report to the Society at one of its meetings or to the Executive Com-
mittee as may be required.

Section 2.—The Membership Committee, consisting of the elected chairman and
four appointed members, shall search for prospective new members of the Society
among professional workers, students and amateurs in entomology, see that their
applications are properly executed, and by majority vote approve the candidates’
qualifications for membership. The name of each new electee shall be reported by
the Membership Committee at a regular meeting and in the absence of adverse
notice from the members the electee’s name shall be read as a new member at
the next regular meeting, and if feasible he shall be introduced by a sponsoring

352 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971

member. If the committee receives an adverse notice concerning an electee, the
candidate’s name shall be referred to the Executive Committee and final approval
shall be by majority vote of that committee with formal announcement of mem-
bership to be made in the usual manner at the next regular meeting following
action by the Executive Committee.

Section 3.—The Program Committee, with the elected Program Chairman serv-
ing as head, shall arrange for the programs and meeting places of all regular
meetings of the Society. This Committee shall consist of the Chairman and three
members, the latter to be appointed each year.

Section 4.—The Publications Committee shall consist of the Editor as Chair-
man and three appointed members. The appointed members shall assist the Editor
in matters of policy, format and finances of the Proceedings and other publica-
tions of the Society. The committee shall consider and put into execution plans
for promoting the sales of Society publications. It shall review manuscripts for
the Memoirs and any other special publications, and make recommendations to the
Executive Committee regarding their publication. The appointed members of the
Publications Committee shall serve for three-year terms staggered so that one
member is replaced each year.

Section 5.—The Finance Committee, consisting of the Treasurer as Chairman,
the Editor, the Custodian, and the Program Chairman, shall assist the Treasurer in
matters of finances of the Society and make recommendations to the Executive
Committee relative to these matters. It shall be a particular duty of this Com-
mittee to prepare for the Executive Committee at the beginning of each year
a statement of the income and expenditures of the preceding year and to prepare
a budget based on the estimated receipts and disbursements of the coming year,
with such recommendations as seem desirable.

Section 6.—The Nominating Committee of three members shall prepare a list
of candidates comprising one nominee for each office, execpt the office of Presi-
dent, for presentation to the membership at the regular meeting one month before
the annual meeting. The Committee shall secure the acquiescence of each candi-
date before presentation.

Section 7.—Not later than October of each year, the President shall appoint an
Auditing Committee of three persons to inspect the accounts of the Treasurer and
report to the Society at its next annual meeting.

Section 8.—Such other Standing and Special Committees as the Executive Com-
mittee deems necessary shall be appointed by the President.

Article VIII.—Meetings

Section 1—The regular meeting of the Society shall be held, unless otherwise
ordered by the vote of the Society or of the Executive Committee, on the first
Thursday of each month except June, July, August and September. The annual
meeting for the election of officers shall be the regular meeting for the month of
December. Special and field meetings may be called by the Executive Committee.
The Program Committee or committees appointed for special meetings may, with
the approval of the Executive Committee, incur reimbursable expenses. Twenty
members shall constitute a quorum.

Section 2.—The suggested order of business at the regular meetings, except
the annual meeting, shall be as follows:

PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 353

Reading and approval of minutes.
Reports of officers and committees.
Introduction of new members.
Miscellaneous business.
Presentation of notes and exhibition of specimens.
Presentation of announced topics.
Introduction of visitors.
. Adjournment.
Section 3—The suggested order of business at the annual meeting in De-
cember shall be:

SADA RWY PE

1. Reading and approval of minutes.
2. Introduction of new members.
3. Presentation by the President of a summary report on the state of the
Society and the work of the retiring officers.
4. Election of new officers.
5. Miscellaneous business.
6. Presentation of notes and exhibition of specimens.
7. Presentation of announced topics.
8. Introduction of visitors.
-9. Installation of newly elected President.
10. Adjournment.
Section 4.—Either the first or the second regular meeting following the annual
meeting shall be set aside for the delivery of the annual address of the retiring
President.

Article [IX.—Publications

Section 1.—Publications of the Society shall consist of a periodical to be known
as the Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington which shall con-
tain the proceedings of the Society and such papers as are accepted for publica-
tion in it, a series of Memoirs, and such miscellaneous handbooks or other special
publications as may be deemed desirable. Each member in good standing, except
a retired member relieved of payment of dues, is entitled to one copy of each issue
of the Proceedings (see Art. IV, Sec. 2).

Section 2.—Financial support of the Proceedings shall be provided by the
annual dues, from subscription revenues, from the sale of complete or partial sets
of the Proceedings, from the fees of life and sustaining memberships, from page
charges, and from such other funds as the Executive Committee shall determine.

Section 3.—The Society shall maintain a separate fund to be known as the
Special Publication Fund. At the discretion of the Executive Committee, any
unrestricted portion of the Special Publication Fund may be used for publishing
Memoirs, handbooks, or other special publications. In any one year, a sum not
exceeding the previous five years’ income from interest on the Fund monies may be
taken from this Fund and applied toward the publication of the Proceedings; such
sum to be returned to the Special Publication Fund at the discretion of the Execu-
tive Committee. The Special Publication Fund will be derived from bequests
and gifts, from the sale of Memoirs, handbooks, or other special publications, and
from such other funds as the Executive Committee shall determine.

354 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 197]

Section 4.—Members shall be given preference over non-members in the publica-
tion of manuscripts.

Article X.—Amendments

These Bylaws may be amended at any regular meeting by a two-thirds vote
of the members voting, if the total number voting represents a quorum, provided
that such amendment has been passed by a two-thirds vote of the Executive Com-
mittee and presented to the Society in written form at the meeting prior to the
meeting at which the vote is taken.

SOCIETY MEETINGS
78lst Regular Meeting—October 8, 1970

The 78lst regular meeting of the Entomological Society of Washington was
called to order by President Krombein on October 8, 1970 at 8:00 p.m. in Sternberg
Auditorium, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, D. C. Thirty-four
members and 35 guests were in attendance. Minutes of the previous meeting were
approved as read.

W. R. M. Mason and P. D. Hurd, Jr. were received into the Society and the
names of J. E. Horne, R. W. Matthews, R. C. Riley, P. A. Cammer, J. A. Stewart,
D. W. Price, J. D. Hacker, W. G. Eberhard, M. J. W. Eberhard, and C, A.
Korytkowski were read for the first time as candidates for membership.

President Krombein noted the nominating committee was now seeking the names
of possible candidates for Society offices in 1971. He then announced the deaths
of Dr. Fred Bishopp, 1932 Society President, and Dr. Thomas Snyder, 1949 Society
President and Honorary President at the time of his death. Dr. Bishopp’s obituary
for the Proceedings will be written by a committee consisting of D. Reed (chair-
man), C. Hoffman, and S. Jones, while R. St. George (chairman), along with A.
E. Emerson and C. Muesebeck compose the committee to write Dr. Snyder’s
obituary for the Proceedings.

T. Bissell responded to the call for notes and exhibitions of specimens by ex-
hibiting the bird-nest like larval cases formed from the excrement of a chrysomelid
beetle which feeds on palmetto palm.

G. Steyskal presented for display a 17-year cicada which was caught flying
despite the fact that its abdomen had been eviscerated by a bird.

L. Davis noted he had about 100 inches of recording tape with cicada calls if
anyone were interested.

H. Sollers-Riedel reported that Dr. Fisher had thanked her and the Society for
the birthday card he was sent on his 92nd birthday.

Next President Krombein presented the speaker of the evening, Lt. Col. William
Pearson, Entomological Consultant for the Office of the Surgeon General, U. S.
Army, who gave the history and present status of malaria control in Panama. The
talk was accompanied by Kodachrome slides of actual control operations along
with insects and other arthropods native to Panama.

Following the introduction of visitors, President Krombein announced the No-

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 355

vember Society meeting will begin with a brief memorial service for the late
Honorary President, Dr. Thomas Snyder.

The meeting was adjourned at 9:40 p.m., and refreshments were served.—Re-
spectfully submitted, Joun A. Davipson, Recording Secretary.

782nd Regular Meeting—November 5, 1970

The 782nd regular meeting of the Entomological Society of Washington was
called to order by President Krombein on November 5, 1970 at 8:00 p.m. in Room
43, USNM. Forty-five members and 15 guests were in attendance.

The meeting was begun with a short program in memory of Dr. Thomas Snyder,
the late Honorary President of the Entomological Society of Washington. Three
relatives of Dr. Snyder were present: Captain and Mrs. W. R. Lawrence and
Joseph B. Handy. President Krombein began the program by reading excerpts of
letters from termite specialists W. G. H. Coaton and A. E. Emerson. Next, Dr.
Alexander Wetmore spoke of his friendship with Dr. Snyder beginning with a
field trip they took into the Florida Everglades. Then Mr. Raymond St. George
enumerated some of Dr. Snyder’s accomplishments when the latter worked for
the Bureau of Entomology, Division of Forest Insects. The memorial program was
closed by Dr. Frank Campbell, a close personal friend of Dr. Snyder during the
last few years.

Minutes of the previous meeting were approved after corrections.

J. E. Horne, R. W. Matthews, R. C. Riley, P. A. Cammer, J. A. Stewart, D. W.
Price, J. D. Hacker, W. G. Eberhard, M. J. W. Eberhard, and C. A. Korytkowski
were received into the Society while the names of D. M. Caron and J. L. Alexander
were read for the first time as candidates for membership.

Next, Nominating Committee member V. E. Adler presented the suggested slate
of Society officers for 1971.

The evening’s program consisted of brief reports on current entomological works.
W. W. Wirth began the program with a discussion of insects of hot springs which
included beautiful color slides of these unusual breeding sites. Three boxes of
specimens were also presented for viewing. F. E. Wood changed the pace with a
relevant illustrated presentation concerning the importance of spiders in the mal-
functioning of gas air conditioners. R. F. Whitcomb discussed the transmission
of mycoplasma and viruses by leafhoppers with color slides. D. H. Messersmith
and P. G. Bystrak discussed the feeding habits of Forcipomyia flies and R. H. Foote
completed the program with some new ideas on the use of computers in cata-
loguing.

The notes which followed began with a color slide of W. S. Fisher who was
visited in Florida by Mrs. Yates. T. L. Bissell presented slides of 2 aphid spe-
cialists he visited while at the British Museum and D. H. Messersmith displayed
a praying mantis which ate its right front leg.

‘President Krombein adjourned the meeting at 9:50 p.m. after which refreshments
were served.—Respectfully submitted, JoHn A. Davipson, Recording Secretary.

356 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971

BOOK REVIEWS

John Banister and his Natural History of Virginia 1678-1692. By Joseph and
Nesta Ewan. 485 pp., 70 figs. 1970. University of Illinois Press, Urbana, IIl.
61801. Price: $15.00.

This book is a detailed and thoroughly documented account of the studies of
natural history made by John Banister (1650-92), a young English clergyman
who spent 14 years in Virginia. During his student years in England he had been
an enthusiastic naturalist, especially in the collecting of plants. In Virginia he
followed those interests actively, and regularly sent specimens, notes and _illus-
trations of plants back to England. By 1680 he also had assembled a collection of
insects with accompanying notes, and evidently made additions to it during the
following 12 years; however, it is not clear whether any of the entomological ma-
terial was returned prior to his accidental death by shooting in 1682. Then, his
notes, comprising about 15 handwritten pages (of which 4 dealt with Mollusca,
and several with spiders) and numerous specimens, were sent to England and
were utilized by several naturalists in their writings. Their acknowledgement of
his contributions, or even the original sources of specimens, often was scanty,
however, so that the extent to which Banister’s insect material was used is not
fully known. Linnaeus may have based some Virginia insects on Banister speci-
mens or drawings, but surviving labels are too uncertain to prove a connection.
Although some of his plants are still preserved at Oxford University, and perhaps
elsewhere, Banister’s insect specimens have not been traced and probably were
destroyed long ago. Nearly 100 years earlier, some notice had been given Virginia
insects when John White, who came to Virginia in 1585 with Sir Walter Raleigh’s
second expedition, made drawings of various insects (see page 291, also Austin
H. Clark, Alumnae Bull. Randolph-Macon Woman’s College 30 (3): 1-9, 1937).

Dr. Joseph Ewan, professor of biology at Tulane University, is an eminent writer
and lecturer on the lives and work of early American biologists, especially bot-
anists. His 1950 book, “Rocky Mountain Naturalists,” includes a fine biography
of T. D. A. Cockerell as well as references to many entomologists among some 1200
naturalists mentioned. Now, he and Mrs. Ewan correlate Banister’s career with
important persons of the period in England and Virginia, noting, for instance, that
Banister was one of the founders of the College of William and Mary. The Ewans
write of Banister (p. xiii); “His works are a significant record of early Virginia,
and had they been published even incomplete as they were at his death, they
would fundamentally have altered the course of American botany, entomology,
and malacology.”

Though John Banister evidently did exceptionally advanced work for his time,
and though his botanical contributions may warrant the above evaluation, I ques-
tion whether it is true for entomology. From the “Insect and Arachnid Catalogue,”
published here with annotations, it is clear that Banister tried to equate the
Virginia insects he found with those described (pre-Linnaean) by Thomas Mouffet,
Martin Lister, and others in England. He enumerated a modest number of common
Virginia insects, together with observations on their biology. His notes are fullest
concerning Hymenoptera and Coleoptera. He noted the halteres of Diptera and
likened them to the balancing poles of tight-rope walkers. If Banister had com-
pleted and published more on insects, early colonists would have had something

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971 357

for reference, including habits and importance, and Thomas Say and other later
resident writers would have had more guidance on their local fauna. However,
from what is shown here, the entomology was rather fragmentary and clearly
secondary to botanical work. In the Orthoptera, for example, he distinguished
about 5 kinds of grasshoppers and katydids, 2 cockroaches, one cricket, and 2
mantids (one of which apparently was the hemipteron Ranatra).

The authors consulted several entomologists (O. L. Cartwright, Hugh Leech,
Richard P. Mills, Harry B. Weiss) to interpret in current nomenclature the species
and chronology of Banister’s notes. To these editorial notes, two further clarifi-
cations may be added: The bee nesting in timber (p. 286) is plainly a carpenter
bee, and the 8-legged creature creeping rapidly sideways, forward, and backward
in musty books (p. 306) must have been a pseudoscorpion. Some of Banister’s
species designations are binomial, but most are not.

In summary, though a brief review can mention only a few aspects of this
scholarly work, this is a splendid source book for many phases of early natural
history. It is conveniently indexed and otherwise documented, as, for example,
with a chronology, a time chart of other naturalists within Banister’s general
period, a map of early colonial Virginia, a diagram of pre-Linnaean roots in North
America and Europe, and a bibliography. The book’s preparation was surely a
task to which the authors were long dedicated, and all readers with a bent toward
history well revere them for it—AsHLEY B. GuRNEy, Systematic Entomology Lab-
oratory, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, c/o U. S.
National Museum, Washington, D. C. 20560.

The Moths of America North of Mexico, Including Greenland, edited by D. C.
Ferguson, J. G. Franclemont, R. W. Hodges, E. G. Munroe, R. B. Dominick, and
C. R. Edwards. Fascicle 21, Sphingoidea, by Ronald W. Hodges. E. W. Clas-
sey Ltd. and R. B. D. Publications Inc., London. 1971. 158 pp., text figs., 14
colored plates. Price: $24.00 this fascicle; subscription, $19.60 per fascicle.
Distributed exclusively in North America by Entomological Reprint Specialists,
P. O. Box 77971, Dockweiler Station, Los Angeles, California 90007.

This study represents the first of about 41 fascicles under the title “The Moths
of America North of Mexico” which is the first attempt to cever the more than
10,000 species of moths in the continental United States, Canada, and Greenland.
The fascicles will appear at the rate of two or three per year; publication will
proceed as manuscripts are received, not necessarily in numerical order.

The prospectus states: “The text will be a synthesis of all revisionary studies
on the moths of this region. . .[t will contain descriptions and illustrations of new
genera and species. It will embody a reclassification of extensive segments of the
North American Lepidoptera. . .Genera and higher taxonomic divisions will be
consisely defined, and keys will be included where necessary. For each species
there will be a synonymy, a brief comparative description pointing out the signifi-
cant characters that distinguish it from its nearest relatives, information on its dis-
tribution, habitat and life history, including larval food plant if known. Similar
information will be given for recognized subspecies. . .The descriptions will be
supported by line illustrations in the text of genitalia and other structural features
wherever necessary for identification of species.” In addition, each species as well

358 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1971

as major forms and subspecies, will be portrayed in full color, which is the real
feature of this series.

The design of this monumental work is for use by both the amateur and the
professional entomologist. I am not a specialist in the Lepidoptera; but, if I were
to collect moths, and particularly sphingids in this case, I feel that I would have
little difficulty in identifying them by use of the colored plates. If I were to fur-
ther venture into the dissection of genitalia, I would find that the technical terms
used in the terminology of the genitalia would be fully defined and illustrated
with labelled diagrams. Learning to prepare the genitalia would have to come
from some other source, but, once that is learned, I could make it through this
terminology with little difficulty. My only concern is that the cost of the entire
series might be a little high if I were a amateur lepidopterist.

I cannot speak for the professional lepidopterist, but “The serious student and
specialist will find the text uncompromisingly accurate and the list of synonyms,
bibliographies and taxonomic content indispensable.”

The composition of the Board of Editors certainly reflects the aim of reaching
both the amateur and the specialist. The specialists are represented by Drs.
Douglas C. Ferguson, John G. Franclemont, Ronald W. Hodges, and Eugene G.
Munroe. They are supported by two dedicated amateurs, Dr. Richard B. Dominick
and Mr. Charles R. Edwards, both of whom have an interest in the Lepidoptera,
particularly of South Carolina, and who are responsible for all of the color pho-
tography. Contributions will be made by collaborating authorities on certain
groups. The excellent line drawings are being done by Mrs. Elaine R. Hodges.

In this first fascicle to appear, Dr. Hodges has presented the first comprehensive
review of the superfamily Sphingoidea for North America. A key is provided for
the adults of the 40 genera plus partial keys to the genera based on pupae and
mature larvae. Keys and brief discussions of the diagnostic characters for the
115 species, as well as synonymies, distribution, and host plant data, constitute
the bulk of the text. Common names that have been proposed have been included.

Of course, the attractiveness of this series, and particularly this fascicle, is due
to the superb color plates of the moths in natural size. There were many diffi-
culties both in taking the photographs and in printing, but the resulting plates are
unsurpassed in clarity and naturalness of color. The fascicle is printed on a good
quality paper, the printing is large and clear, the page size large (9 x 11%),
and the binding is adequate with its temporary heavy paper cover.

The editors are to be complimented for their desire to tackle such a monumental
project, and Dr. Hodges has given it a good start. The publishers (E. W. Classey
and R. B. D. Publications) and printer (Curwen Press) are also to be congratulated
for their fine work and support of this series —PAuL M. Marsu, Systematic Ento-
mology Laboratory, Agriculture Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture,
c/o U.S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. 20560.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Information for Contributors

Publication in the Proceedings is reserved for members only. Publication of
papers by non-members may be obtained after acceptance at a cost to the author
of $18.00 per printed page. Regular papers are published in approximately the
order that they are received. Manuscripts should not exceed 30 typewritten pages
including illustrations. Papers of less than a printed page may be published as
space is available at the end of longer articles.

Manuscripts for publication, proof and other editorial matters should be
addressed to the Editor (for address, see inside front cover of this issue).

Typing—All manuscripts must be typed on bond paper with double-spacing and
ample margins. Carbon copies or copies on paper larger than 8% x 11 inches
are not acceptable. Do not use all capitals for any purpose. Underscore only
where italics are intended in the body of the text, not in headings. Number all
pages consecutively. References to footnotes in the text should be numbered
consecutively and typed on a separate sheet.

First page—The page preceding the text of the manuscript should include (1)
e complete title, (2) the order and family in parentheses, (3) the author’s
name or names, (4) the institution with city, state and zip code or the author's
home city, state and zip code if not affiliated, (5) in the upper left hand
comer, the complete name and address to which proof is to be sent.

Abstract—All manuscripts, including notes of one page or less, must be accom-
panied by an abstract suitable for publication. The abstract must be typed
on a separate sheet following the title page, should be brief (not more than
3% of the original), and written in whole sentences, not telegraphic phrases.

Names and descriptions of organisms—The first mention of a plant or animal
should include the full scientific name with the author of a zoological name
not abbreviated. Descriptions of taxa should be in telegraphic style.

References—Citations in the text of papers longer than one printed page should
be by author and date and should refer to a list of concluding REFERENCEs listed
alphabetically. See a recent issue of the Proceedings for style of references.
In hoecr articles, references to literature should be included in parentheses
in the text.

Illustrations—No extra charge is made for line drawings or halftones. Authors
must plan their illustrations for reduction to the dimensions of the printed page
and the individual figures must be mounted on suitable board. Proportions of
full-page illustrations should closely approximate 454, x 6” (26 x 36 picas); this
usually allows explanatory matter to appear on the same page. On the back of
each illustration should be stated (1) the title of the paper, (2) the author’s
complete name and address, and (3) the number of the illustration such as
“No. 1 (of 3)” etc. Figures should be numbered consecutively. Plates will be
returned only at the author’s request and expense.

Figure legends—Legends should be typewritten double-spaced on separate
pages headed ExpLANATION OF FicurEs and placed following REFERENCEs. Do
not attach legends to illustrations.

Proofs and reprints—Proofs and a reprint order will be sent to the authors by the
printer with explicit instructions for their return. Major changes in proof will
be charged to the author.

Page charges—All regular papers of more than one page will be charged at the
rate of $6.00 per printed page. Immediate publication may be obtained at the
rate of $18.00 per printed page. These charges are in addition to those for
reprints. Member authors who have no institutional affiliation or funds available
may request to the Editor in writing to have charges for regular papers waived.
Charges made for immediate publication or to non-members will not be waived.

CONTENTS

(Continued from front cover)

KRAMER, J. P.—North American deltocephaline leafhoppers of the genus
Planicephalus with new generic segregates from Deltocephalus (Homop-
tera: Cicadellidae )

LEONARD, M. D., H. G. WALKER and L. ENARI—Host plants of Toxop-
tera aurantii at the Los Angeles State and County Arboretum, Arcadia,
California (Homoptera: Aphididae )

O’NEILL, K.—Chthonothrips nigrocinctus Hood, lectotype designation and
description of male (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae )

ROTH, L. M. and K. PRINCIS—Pseudocalolampra, a new genus of cock-
roach from Africa (Dictyoptera: Blaberidae )

SMITH, C. F. and G. F. KNOWLTON—Pleotrichophorus tetradymiae, a
new species of aphid from Utah (Homoptera: Aphididae )

STAGE, G. I.—Family placement of the African genus Meganomia Cockerell
with a review of the included species (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)

STEYSKAL, G. C.—A new Central American species of Zacompsia Coquil-
lett, with a key to the described species (Diptera: Otitidae )

STEYSKAL, G. C.—The genus Calobatina Enderlein (Diptera: Micropezi-

THOMPSON, F. C.—Two new Oriental species of the genus Myolepta New-
man (Diptera: Syrphidae)

WHITE, R. E.—New generic synonymy and new combinations in Anobiidae
( Coleoptera )

BYLAWS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON __
SOGIETY, MEBTINGS 2 ....=- 3.2) ee eee ee
BOOK REVIEWS AND- NOTICES 27. ee eee

348
354
356

te A ae

Vol. 73 DECEMBER 1971 | No. 4

PROCEEDINGS

of the

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
of WASHINGTON

DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20560

PUBLISHED QUARTERLY

CONTENTS

BURKS, B. D.—The name Tetrastichus incertus (Ratzeburg) as employed
for an introduced parasite of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal)
Giyineneptera: Bulophidae)) (2222 hs a a 429

DARSIE, R. F., Jr. and A. CAGAMPANG-RAMOS—A subspecies of Anoph-
eles new to the Philippine Islands (Diptera: Culicidae) —.----_----- S399

DeCOURSEY, R. M.—Keys to the families and subfamilies of the nymphs
of North American Hemiptera-Heteroptera ——-.._._-......----_-----_--.-

EMERSON, K. C. and R. D. PRICE—Three new species of Mallophaga from
African mammals (Trichodectidae) ~~. Ree te ete Peabo 312

FISK, F. W.—An annotated check list of Costa Rican cockroaches (Dictyop-
(eeuES TBA ce ere) pee Re a ee enc ee ee ee 431

HERRING, J. L.—A new species of Rhinacloa from palo verde and ocotillo
in the western U. S. (Hemiptera: Miridae) —- ae eee uf

JAMES, M. T.—Two new species of Phaenicia from the West Indies

Onstera s@aAllephoriGae)) = -—— ane ed eS OL
KORYTKOWSKI, C. A.—A new cecidogenous species of the genus Poly-

morphomyia Snow (Diptera: Tephritidae) -------_- SAAT
LINZEY, D. W. and D. A. CROSSLEY, Jr.—A new species of Laelaps from

the lemming mouse, Synaptomys cooperi (Acarina: Laelapidae) — 408

(Continued on back cover)

¢ iy Wire
Z| MOON, ™~
ho ANN

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF WASHINGTON
ORGANIZED Marcu 12, 1884

OFFICERS FOR 1971

Epson J. HAMBLETON, President PauL M. Marsu, Editor

Curtis W. Sasrosky, President-Elect RoBERT D. Gorpon, Custodian

a, a ee ¢

Dewey M. Caron, Recording Secretary F. EvuGENE Woop, Program Chairma
Davin R. SmitH, Corresponding Secretary H. IvAN RamnwaTER, Membership Chairman’

THEODORE J. SPILMAN, Treasurer REECE I. Samer, Delegate, Wash. Acad. S = |

All correspondence concerning Society business should be mailed
to the appropriate officer at the following address:
Entomological Society of Washington
c/o Department of Entomology

Smithsonian Institution
Washington, D. C. 20560

Honorary President
C. F. W. MuESEBECK

Honorary Members
FREDERICK W. Poos
ERNEsT N. Cory
AvERY S. Hoyr

maneecal bk iheaan

MEETINGS.—Regular meetings of the Society are held in Room 43, Natural History Building, Smithsonian
Institution, on the first Thursday of each month from October to June, inclusive, at 8 P.M. Minutes of meetings |
are published regularly in the Proceedings.

MEMBERSHIP.—Members shall be persons who have demonstrated interest in the science of entomology.
Annual dues for members are $6.00 (U.S. currency).

PROCEEDINGS.—Published quarterly beginning with March by the Society at Washington, D.C. Members in
good standing are entitled to the Proceedings free of charge. Nonmember subscriptions are $8.00 per year,
both domestic and foreign (U.S. currency), payable in advance. All remittances should be made payable ‘-

The Entomological Society of Washington.
The Society does not exchange its publications for those of other societies.

x
~
iy.

STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP

Title of Publication: Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington.
Frequency of Issue: Quarterly (March, June, September, December).

Location of Office of Publication, Business Office of Publisher and Owner: The Eatomcloei as Sccieky a
Washington, c/o Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

Editor: Dr. Paul M. Marsh, same address as above.
Managing Editor and Known Bondholders or other Security Holders: none.

This issue was mailed December 17, 1971

Second Class Postage Paid at Lawrence, Kansas, U. S. A. 66044

ALLEN PRESS, INC. eRINTED LAWRENCE, KANSAS 66044

US.h

PROCEEDINGS OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Vol. 73 DECEMBER 1971 No. 4

THE LIFE CYCLE AND REDESCRIPTION OF MORDVILKOJA
VAGABUNDA

(HomMopTEerRA: APHIDIDAE)!’”

CiyveE F. Smiru, Department of Entomology, North Carolina State
University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607

ABSTRACT—Mordvilkoja vagabunda (Walsh) produces large galls on the end
of the twigs of Populus spp. (deltoides group). The fundatrispuria emigrate to
Lysimachia spp. where they feed on the leaves, stems and terminals at first but
later move to the underground parts of the plant. Sexuparae develop in the fall
and fly to Populus spp. where they deposit eggs which overwinter. However,
M. vagabunda may also live indefinitely on Lysimachia. Descriptions are given
of the fundatrix, fundatrispuria, first instar from the fundatrispuria, apterous
alienicola and sexupara.

Walsh (1862:306) described vagabunda in the genus Byrsocrypta
from specimens (sexuparae) collected near Rock Island, Hlinois. They
“occurred very abundantly on various forest trees in September.” He
called it the vagabond aphid because he knew nothing of its hosts.
Walsh stated “alate expanse .43-.51 inch” (10.78-13.26 mm.). The 6th
joint of the antennae is two-thirds as long as 4 and 5 put together.
Walsh and Riley (1868:57) referred to “. . . . the vagabond gall, and
they are produced by a plant louse belonging to the genus Pemphigus
and which has been described as Pemphigus (Byrsocrypta) vagabundus
by the senior editor of this paper.” Walsh and Riley (1869:107) gave
figures of the gall and alate vivipara. Oestlund (1887:22) gave a
description of the forms (spring) from the gall and stated, “the species
described by Walsh as vagabunda is evidently something else from that
producing the large irregular gall on the end of the twigs of poplar to
which the name vagabunda has also commonly been applied.” Cockerell
(1906:34) proposed the name Pemphigus oestlundi for the species

1 Paper no. 3322 of the Journal series of the North Carolina State University
Agricultural Experiment Station, Raleigh, North Carolina.

21 appreciate the suggestions and the loan and/or gift of specimens from L. J.
Stannard, Illinois Natural History Survey, Louise Russell, United States Natural
Museum, D. Hille Ris Lambers, Bennekom, Netherlands and H. L. G. Stroyan,
England.

360 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971

described by Oestlund (1887:22) as P. vagabundus (Walsh). Davis
(1910:411) lists oestlundi Cockerell as a synonym of vagabundus
Walsh. However, he later lists vagabundus Walsh as a synonym of
oestlundi Cockerell (Davis 1911:256(4); 1913:117). These are the
only references I have seen where oestlundi was recognized. Del
Guercio (1908:10) erected a new genus Mordvilkoja with vagabunda
Walsh as the type species.

Most of the specimens I have seen are smaller than indicated by
Walsh (1862). However, I have some specimens that nearly fit his
minimum measurements. Also, the majority of the sexuparae are found
on poplars, but a specimen may be found occasionally on other trees
or in spider webs. Therefore, as indicated by Oestlund (1887:22)
there can be some question concerning the identity of the species de-
scribed by Walsh (1862). However, there certainly is no doubt
about the species Walsh and Riley (1868 and 1869) referred to as
vagabunda Walsh. Baker (1920:70) accepted the name vagabunda.
I also propose to retain the name Mordvilkoja vagabunda (Walsh) for
the vagabond poplar aphid, a name which has been in common usage
for more than 100 years.

The first instar from the fundatrispuria and the apterous alienicola
resemble the same morph of Parathecabius lysimachia (Borner) in
having 4-segmented antennae. The sexuparae and apterous alienicola
are also similar. However, the antennae of the fundatrispuria are
quite different, the p.t. of M. vagabunda being several times longer
than the base whereas lysimachiae has a p.t. about % the length of the
base. The first instar of Thecabius affinis (Kaltenbach), another
closely related species has 5-segmented antennae. Also, the p.t. of the
fundatrispuriae is shorter than the base.

LirE History

Various authors have published on the “life history” of the vagabond
poplar aphid, but none of them discovered the summer host. In 1961,
I discovered an aphid on Lysimachia sp. which I thought was a new
species of Parathecabius. In 1968, while examining slides from Illinois
I saw the neotypic slide of Mordvilkoja vagabunda (Walsh) which
had been selected by Hottes and Frison (1931:360). This appeared
to be identical with sexuparae I had collected from Lysimachia. In
1969, and again in 1970, I made transfers from the vagabond poplar gall
(fig. 5) to Lysimachia and was successful both years and the sexuparae
proved to be the same as the specimens on the neotype slide.

Ignoffo and Granovsky (1961la, 1961b) gave an excellent account of
the development of the gall and the aphid in the gall. In Minnesota,
“migration of alate fundatrigeniae from galls to an undiscovered sec-
ondary host began on June 26 and continued for 51 days.” In North

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971 361

Fic. 1. Mordvilkoja vagabunda (Walsh), fundatrix: A, Rostrum, 270, coll.
69-160, Populus deltoides, Statonburg, N. C. May 27, 1969, C. K. and C. F. Smith;
B, A.s. V( part) and VI, 270, coll. 69-160.

Carolina migration from the galls begins about May 1 and ends about
July 1.

In North Carolina, M. vagabunda migrates from Populus deltoides
Marshall (cottonwood) to Lysimachia quadrifolia L. where it first
infests the leaves and stems. Later in the season, it moves to the
underground portions of the stems and the main roots where it may
remain from one year to the next, or sexuparae, which go to Populus
spp., may be produced from September to November.

The following abbreviations are used: a.s.—antennal segments;
p.t.—processus terminalis; RIV + V—terminal segments of the ros-
trum; T. ch.—tarsal chaetotaxy.

FUNDATRIX
Eira)

Cleared specimens. Dusky on head; a.s. I, VI; R IV + V; legs; genital plant and
spiracles; very pale on rest of body.

Head without distinct wax plates. Antennae 4-segmented, a.s. III may show
signs of dividing, p.t. with 1-3 “clear spots” bearing a spine-like structure similar
to those formed on the p.t. of the fundatrispuria. Rostrum attaining meso-coxae,
RIV + V without accessory setae.

Thorax with medial, pleural and lateral wax plates. T. ch. 2-2-2.

Abdomen with small medial, pleural and lateral wax plates. Genital plate with
about 22 setae, 12 of which form more or less of a single row along the caudal
margin. Cauda with 4(?) setae.

Measurements® of one specimen. Body 3.85, a.s. I, 0.07; II, 0.11; III, 0.20;
IV, 0.114+ 0.09. RIV-+ V, 0.12. Meta-tibia 0.52, metatarsomere II, 0.13.

3 All measurements are in millimeters.

362 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971

Pea “ *,

Fic. 2. Mordvilkoja vagabunda (Walsh), fundatrispuria (A, B, C) and Ist
instar from fundatrispuria (D): A, Rostrum, 270, coll. 67-310-1, Populus sp.
(gall), Kinston, N. C. May 28, 1967, C. F. Smith coll.; B, A.s. II and III, 270x,
coll. 65-64(1) Populus deltoides Mt. Pleasant, N. C., May 27, 1965, C. F. Smith
coll.; C, A.s. V (part) and VI, 270x, coll. 65-64(1); D. Antennae, 270x, coll.
63-310 reared from fundatrispuria.

Principal diagnostic character. P.t. long and bearing 1-3 “clear spots.”

FUNDATRISPURIA
(Fig. 9A-C)

Cleared specimens dark on head, antennae, thorax, legs, genital plate, anal plate
and cauda.

Head without wax plates. Antenna 6-segmented. Setae on a.s. II about 9, base
of VI, 2-4. Rhinaria on a.s. III, 8-11; IV, 1-3; V, 0-1. Primary rhinarium on a.s.
V may have chitinous islands. P.t. with 1-3 “clear spots,” each with a spine-like
seta. RIV + V without accessory setae.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971 363

ti

Fic. 3. Mordvilkoja vagabunda (Walsh), apterous alienicola: A, Rostrum,
270, coll. 62-1180-2, Lysimachia sp. McGrady, N. C., July 20, 1962, G. F. Turnip-
seed, coll.; B, A.s. I, IJ, II (part), 270, coll. 63-195-1. Lysimachia (roots),
Boone, N. C. Oct. 15, 1963, C. K. and C. F. Smith coll.; C. Avs. V, VI, 270x,
coll. 63-195-1.

T. ch. variable, 3-5, pro- and meso-tarsomeres with one of the setae being
spine-like. Meso-thorax with small wax plates, the distance between them ca. 5-7
times their greatest diameter.

Abdomen with medial and pleural wax plates, medial plates may not be on all
segments. Siphunculi small, pore-like, slightly smaller than lateral wax pore plates.
Genital plate with about 24 setae, about 12 of which are on the caudal edge, the
majority of the others grouped in the center part of the genital plate. Cauda with 2
setae.

Measurements of 1 specimen. Body 1.8. A.s. III, 0.27; IV, 0.08; V, 0.09; VI,
0.12 + 0.18. RIV+4 V, 0.11. Meta-tibia 0.82; metatarsomere II, 0.20.

Principal diagnostic characters. Long p.t. bearing 1-3 “clear spots,” head without
wax plates; small, widely separated wax plates on meso-thorax; and small, pore-like
siphunculi.

First InsraR FROM FUNDATRISPURIA
(Fig. 2D)

Antennae 4-segmented with a membraneous “neck” between a.s. III and IV.
Setae on a.s. I, 3; III, 3; base of IV, 2. R IV + V without accessory setae. Plantal
setae short, inconspicuous, less than 15 length of claw. Abdominal tergites III to VI

364 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971

each with 4 wax pore plates (medial and pleural), abdominal tergites VII with 2
wax pore plates. Abdominal tergites VIII apparently without wax pore plates.
Each wax pore plate bearing 1 seta. Cauda with 2 setae.

ApTrEROUS ALIENICOLA ON Lysimachia.
(Fig. 3)

Head dusky on vertex, with 4, (may be indistinct), wax plates. Eyes 3-faceted
or may have multiple facets in addition. Antennae pale, 6-segmented, a.s. II dis-
tinctly longer than I, with about 9 setae. Rostral IV+ V smooth, without
accessory setae.

Thorax pale. Legs dusky. Tibia with 6 spine-like setae at the apical end and
two rows of spine-like setae on the dorsal surface, setae about 14 diameter of tibia.
T. ch. 3-2-2, setae spine-like, however, occasionally there will be accessory setae on
tarsomere I, in which case the accessory setae are more hair-like. Other setae on
tibia and on tarsomere II hair-like, pointed. Denticulations very sparse on tarso-
meres.

Abdomen with wax plates on tergites III to VII, 4 wax plates on each tergite
except number VII which has only 2. Gonapophyses usually with (5-12 )-2-(7-12)
setae. Genital plate with about 24 setae located primarily around the periphery.
Cauda bearing 2 setae.

Measurements of one specimen. Body 2.5. A.s. III, 0.15; IV, 0.06; V, 0.09; VI,
0.14+ 0.05. RIV-+ V, 0.15. Meta-tibia 0.71; metatarsomere II, 0.21.

Principal diagnostic characters. A.s. II distinctly longer than as. I. R IV+ V
without accessory setae. Shape of p.t.

SEXUPARAE ON Lysimachia
(Fig. 4)

Head dark with a distinct longitudinal suture and 0-4 dorsal wax plates which
are distinct. Antennae dark. A.s. II bearing about 18 setae. Rhinaria on a.s. II,
8-16; IV, 1-3; V, 0-1. Rhinaria encircling about half of a.s. III and 14 to % of
as. IV. A.s. II distinctly longer than I. Setae on antennal segments pointed, on
a.s. III ca. % diameter of segment, a.s. VI with 6 setae distad of the primary
rhinarium and 2 to 6 setae proximad. Rostrum attaining mesothoracic coxae,
R IV + V smooth (without denticulations), elongate and bearing 0 to 2 accessory
setae.

Thorax dark. Wax pore plates on mesothorax distinct. Legs dark. Tarsomeres
with faint, rather sparse, denticulations. T. ch. variable, 5 to 7 setae on each tar-
somere I. Pro-tarsomere I with peg-like seta, other tarsomeres without peg-like
setae. Setae on hind tibia pointed, increasing in length toward the distal end, about
W% diameter of tibia. Wings hyaline, stigma dark.

Abdomen pale, bearing nearly round lateral wax plates and variable wax plates
on the medial area of the dorsal surface. Lateral wax plates usually bearing 1 seta,
occasionally 2, especially toward caudal end. Wax plates may be paired or joined.
Wax plates on abdominal tergite VIII usually joined. Abdomen with wax pore
plates on ventral surface which do not have a distinct border. Siphunculi absent.
Genital plate bearing about 30 setae, about 10 of them grouped more or less in
the center with about 14 along distal edge. Gonapophyses usually 9-(0-3)-9 setae.
Cauda bearing 2 or 3 setae.

PROC. ENT. SOC, WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971 365

pe

Bai 2

~

Fic. 4. Mordvilkoja vagabunda (Walsh), sexupara: A, Rostrum, 270, coll.
61-381 (1), Populus deltoides, Farmer, N. C., October 24, 1961, C. F. Smith, Coll.;
B, A.s. I, II, and part of III, 270x, coll. 64-186, Lysimachia, McGrady, N. C.,
October 26, 1964, C. F. Smith, coll.; C, A.s. V (part), a.s. VI, 270x, coll. 64-186;
D, Tip of abdomen, 120, coll. 62-1152, Populus sp. (crevices, and under loose
bark) McGrady, N. C., October 15, 1962, C. K. and C. F. Smith, coll.

366 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971

Fic. 5. Mordvilkoja vagabunda (Walsh) gall on Populus deltoides, Durham,
North Carolina July 2, 1965.

Principal diagnostic characters. A.s. II distinctly longer than a.s. I; length and
shape of p.t. (fig. 4C); R IV + V, length and shape, and usually without setae.

Measurements of one specimen. Body 2.85. A.s. III, 0.35; IV, 0.13; V, 0.14;
VI, 0.18 + 0.07. R IV + V, 0.19; metatibia 1.08; metatarsomere II, 0.27.

TYPES

Hottes and Frison (1931:360-1) selected a neotype slide and stated
“In view of the fact that this species was originally described from fall
migrants from Illinois by Walsh, and the types are lost, slide no. 9744
of fall migrants in the collection of the Hlinois State Natural History
Survey has been selected as the neotypic slide.” I have seen this slide.
There are 2 specimens, the one at 9 o'clock is circled with ink and I am
designating this as the neotype.

COLLECTIONS

The primary hosts appear to be Populus deltoides Marshall and P.
sargenti Dode. It has been recorded from P. balsamifera Linneaus
(P. tacamahacca Mill). I have seen numerous sexuparae on P. candi-
cans Aiton in the fall of the year but I have never seen any galls in
the spring. Alternate hosts are Lysimachia quadrifolia, L. terrestris
and possibly other Lysimachia. Sexuparae leave Lysimachia and con-
gregate in crevices and under loose bark of any species of Populus in
the area.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971 367

I have seen specimens from Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Illinois,
Indiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Montana, Minnesota, North
Carolina, North Dakota, New York, Pennsylvania and Utah in the
United States and Manitoba and Ontario, Canada.

In literature it has also been recorded from Iowa, Missouri, Ne-
braska, Nevada, New Jersey, and Ohio in the United States and Alberta,
Canada.

REFERENCES

Baker, A. C. 1920. Generic classification of the hemipterous family Aphididae.
U.S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 826:1—109; Pls. I-XVI.

Borner, C. 1950. Neue europiische Blattlausarten. [Selbstverlag, Naumburg]
1950:1-19.

Cockerell, T. D. A. 1906. Insect galls. Ent. News 17:34.

Davis, J. J. 1910. A list of the Aphididae of Illinois, with notes on some of the
species. J. Econ. Ent. 3:407—422; Pls. 27-28.

1911. Williams’ “The Aphididae of Nebraska”; a critical review.
Univ. Stud. (Nebr.) 11:253-291; Pls. I-VIII separate paged 1-39.

1913. Article Il.—The Cyrus Thomas collection of Aphididae,
and a tabulation of species mentioned and described in his publications. Bull.
Ill. State Lab. Natur. Hist. 10:97-121; Pls. VI-VII.

Del Guercio, G. 1909. Intorno ad un nuovo genere di Penfigidi americani
(Gen. Mordwilkoja Del Guerc.). Riv. Patol. Veg. 4: 10-12.

Hottes, F. C. and T. H. Frison. 1931. The plant lice, or Aphididae, of Illinois.
Ill. Dep. Regist. Educ. Div. Natur. Hist. Surv. Bull. 19:121—447; Pls. I-X; Text
figs. 1-50.

Ignoffo, Carlo M. and A. A. Granovsky. 196la. Life history and gall de-
velopment of Mordwilkoja vagabunda (Homoptera: Aphidae) on Populus
deltoides. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 54:486—499; Figs. 1-7.

196lb. Life history and gall development of Mordwilkoja vaga-
bunda (Homoptera: Aphidae) on Populus deltoides. Part 11H—Gall development.
Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 54:635-641; Figs 1-3.

Oestlund, O. W. 1887. Synopsis of the Aphididae of Minnesota. Geol. Natur.
Hist. Surv. Minn. Bull. 4:1—100.

and F. C. Hottes. 1926. A chapter in the life history of Mord-
wilkoja vagabundus (Aphididae). Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 19:75-81; Pl. VI.
Walsh, B. D. 1862. On the genera of Aphidae found in the United States.
Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila. 1:294-311.
and C. V. Riley. 1868. Unsightly galls on the cottonwood. Amer.
Ent. 1:57.
1869. Galls and their architects. Amer. Ent. 1:101-110; Figs.

78-90.

368 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971

THE FEMALE OF THATUNA GILLETTI OMAN,
WITH BIOLOGICAL NOTES
(Homoptera: CICADELLIDAE)!

PAauL OMAN, Department of Entomology, Oregon State University,
Corvallis, Oregon 97331

ABSTRACT—tThe female sex and some immature stages of Thatuna gilletti
Oman are described for the first time and information given about the habitat and
host plant of the species.

I described Thatuna gilletti (Oman, 1938:176) from a series of 10
male specimens taken in the vicinity of Moscow, Idaho during the
period 1920-31 by several collectors. Nothing has been published
regarding the females or the biology of the species. Between 1931 and
1970, so far as I am aware, representatives of the species were collected
only twice. G. G. E. Scudder (1961) reported the capture of a male
near Erie, British Columbia, Canada in 1961, and there is a male in
the Oregon State University collection taken June 8, 1963 by David R.
Smith, 7 miles southwest of Lane, Kootenai Co., Idaho. Erie, B. C. is
only a few miles north of the U. $.-Canadian border, and not far from
the northwestern corner of Idaho. Wolfe (1955c)? has reported T.
gilletti from Washington, but without definite locality or date. Thus,
the occurrence of the species in that state remains uncertain but is to
be expected. These records suggest a limited distribution in the moun-
tainous region of Idaho, Washington and British Columbia west of the
Continental Divide.

This paper contains a description and illustration of the female and
the later nymphal stage of T. gilletti, and notes on the biology and
ecology of the species.

When I first characterized the genus Thatuna, I stated “Female un-
known, probably brachypterous.” Subsequent study of the relation-
ships of T. gilletti to other leafhopper genera led me (Oman, 1949:77)
to state without equivocation that females of T. gilletti were brachyp-
terous, although I had not then seen either females or immature stages.
In 1968, when I resumed study of the leafhopper taxa to which Thatuna
is related, I predicted that females of gilletti, when found, would prove

* This study was supported in part by Grant GB-7706, “Phylogeny and Distribu-
tion of Nearctic and Palearctic Leafhoppers,” from the National Science Foun-
dation. A literature search was aided by a Grant-in-Aid from the General Research
Fund of the Oregon State University. Page charges were paid from Grant GB-7706.

* Metcalf (1963:32 and 1964:345) cites 2 references to Thatuna gilletti by
Wolfe, but the reference to Wolfe 1955a:25 is apparently an error for page 25 in
Wolfe 1955c. I find no reference to T. gilletti in Wolfe 1955a.

3 Letter, Oman to W. F. Barr dated July 5, 1968.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971 369

to be brachypterous and that the species lived on some sort of a peren-
nial shrub, probably one of the chaparral plants or similar type shrubs
that occur in the Moscow Mts. near Moscow, Idaho. Field studies
during early June 1970 established the accuracy of those predictions.

Thatuna is closely related to Bathysmatophorus Sahlberg, an Old
World taxon apparently limited in distribution to northern latitudes or
high altitudes in Eurasia. The characters of the female substantiate
this relationship, which has been further demonstrated by Ishihara
(1957) who also pointed out that the venation of the forewing of the
male, which I had used to differentiate Thatuna and Bathysmatophorus,
is so variable in the latter genus as to lack value for generic separation.
Thus the distinctions between males of the two taxa are the small
appendix of the forewing in Thatuna and the striking differences in
structure of the genital parts. The female of Thatuna has the forewings
much shorter on the commissural line than elsewhere, with the caudal
margin therefore strongly oblique, whereas Bathysmatophorus females
have the caudal margin of the forewing broadly rounded and the wing
only slightly shorter at the commissural line than elsewhere.

Thatuna is much more closely related to Bathysmatophorus than to
any Nearctic taxon, and shares many characteristics with that Palearctic
genus. In the Nearctic fauna I consider it closest to Lystridea Baker,
although the females have some resemblance to those of Errhomus
oregonensis (Baker). In this group of relict taxa that make up the
Errhomenini (= Errhomenellini auct.) evolutionary change has been
much greater in the males than in females.

Metcalf’s (1963) association of the Errhomenini with the Aphrodinae
in his family Aphrodidae is completely unjustified on morphological or
other grounds. I consider the Errhomenini to be closely related to the
Cicadellinae (= Tettigellinae of Oman, 1949; Tettigellidae of Metcalf,
1965) if not a part of that subfamily. Young (1968:16) considers both
the Evacanthini and Errhomenini, which I treated (Oman, 1949) as
tribes of the Cicadellinae, to be taxa of subfamily status. The relation-
ships of these taxa are being studied by G. A. Anufriev and me.

I am grateful to W. F. Barr and J. F. Gates Clarke, who assisted
me in the search for this interesting and elusive insect. I also thank
Edwin W. Tisdale of the University of Idaho, for identification of the
host plant of T. gilletti, and A. R. Gittins for many courtesies during my
visit to Idaho.

Adult Female. General appearance as illustrated (fig. 1); more robust than the
male and with crown proportionately much longer; mid-length of crown approxi-
mately twice length of crown next eye and slightly less than 4% width of head at
anterior margins of eyes. Length 7.7—-9.0 mm.; width of head 2.65-2.76 mm.
(Length of male excluding wings 7.33-7.46 mm.; head width 2.30-2.45 mm. ).

Body, except beneath wings and parts of thoracic venter, and legs very sparsely

370 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971

Fics. 1-3. Thatuna gilletti Oman, dorsal view: 1, adult female; 2, female
nymph; 3, male nymph.

clothed with short, procumbent, whitish setae, these slightly longer and more con-
spicuous on the lower parts of the face and the abdominal venter distally, including
ovipositor sheath and sternum VII. Crown and pronotum rugulose and transversely
striated as in the male. Lateral margins of pronotum straight and nearly parallel,
not diverging posteriorly so much as in the male. Forewing very short medially and
laterally, apex bluntly rounded and reaching to base of abdominal tergum IV;
hind wing a short, triangular pad, its posterior margin usually visible through
the forewing so that latter appears to be appendiculate. Forewing rugulose, vena-
tion irregular and prominent on disk, obscure marginally. Abdominal terga polished.
Sternum VII more than twice as long as sternum VI, posterior margin with a shal-
low, broad, flaring median notch.

Color pale cinereous brown with brown to fuscous mottlings as illustrated;
anterior margin of head with a transverse pale band between the eyes; posterior
margins of forewings usually pale cinereous without markings.

Nymphs. Proportions of female nymphs as illustrated (fig. 2). Length of 5th
instars 6.85-7.10 mm., 3rd and 4th instars essentially the same proportions but
smaller; color as in adult or paler in recently moulted specimens. Male nymphs
(fig. 3) with crown short as in adult, only slightly longer medially than laterally,
length of 5th instars 6.32-6.74 mm., 3rd and 4th instars of same proportions but
smaller. Wing pads of male nymph reaching to middle of tergum IV; wing pads
and thoracic terga usually mahogany brown. Face and dorsum of nymphs polished,
shining; setae longer and more conspicuous in nymphs of both sexes than in adult
females.

Sexual dimorphism is evident in both adults and nymphs. The sex of nymphs
can be readily determined both by the size of the wing pads and by the shape of
the genital plates. The plates are divided on the mid-line for about 24 their length
in females but for only slightly more than the terminal 14 in males.

PROG. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971 Orel:

In the Moscow Mountains of Idaho, T. gilletti lives in thickets or
sparse growths of Mallow ninebark, Physocarpus malvaceus (Greene )
Kuntze. P. malvaceus is part of a shrubby, sclerophyllous plant forma-
tion that grows under the canopy of Ponderosa pine at the lower ele-
vations, or in open areas among the fir forests higher up. Adult males
and a few adult females of T. gilletti were present at the lower eleva-
tions when their host plant was in full bloom, but at higher elevations
where the plant was just beginning to flower only a few males had
matured. The Physocarpus growths at lower elevations are often mixed
with growths of “Ocean spray,” Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim.
Populations of T. gilletti were encountered on June 3 and 4, 1970 at
several locations from 975-1280 m. They seem to prefer shaded situa-
tions at the lower, drier, elevations, but were numerous as nymphs at
1280 m. on stands of ninebark growing in the open.

On the basis of the rather limited sample taken on June 3 and 4, the
sex ratio of the Moscow population is approximately 1:1. One mating
pair was taken on June 4 at 975 m. by Dr. Barr. The pair was in the
customary end to end position, the plates of the male dorsal to the
female sternum VII. The females are agile climbers, but seldom jump.
Males jump readily and fly well; their presumed tendency to move
about in search of the less mobile females is no doubt the reason
collectors have encountered them but not the females.

Since the foregoing was written I have seen a sample of 43 specimens
(19 66,15 adult 2? 2 and9 22 nymphs) from 1 mile west of Granite,
Bonner Co. Idaho, collected June 9, 1971 by W. F. Barr and D. W.
Foster; also 1 6 from Kootenai Co. Idaho, 4 miles west of Athol, June 9,
1971, W. F. Barr. The Granite population was just maturing, as evi-
denced by the teneral condition of most of the females and several
males. Dr. Barrt reported this population was found in a densely
wooded habitat containing a great deal of both perennial and annual
understory vegetation with very few ninebark plants in the immediate
vicinity. The forest was primarily fir. Female specimens were taken
from thimbleberry (Rubus parviflorus Nutt.) and from grass and
miscellaneous other plants. From these observations it is evident that
some populations of gilletti are not dependent upon ninebark as a host,
as might be assumed from our observations of the Moscow Mt. popu-
lation.

REFERENCES

Ishihara, T. 1957. Bathysmatophorus, a genus of family Evacanthidae, found in
Japan (Insecta: Hemiptera). (In Japanese, with English résumé) Zoological
Magazine (Dobutsugaku Zasshi) 66(8):23-6.

* Letter, W. F. Barr to Paul Oman, June 17, 1971, and telephone conversations
on June 13 and 19.

372 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971

Metcalf, Z. P. 1963. General Catalogue of the Homoptera. Fasc. VI Cicadel-
loidea. Part 8 Aphrodidae. Agric. Res. Serv., U.S. Dept. Agric., 267 pp.

1964. General Catalogue of the Homoptera. Fasc. VI Cicadel-
loidea. Bibliography of the Cicadelloidea (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha ).
Agric. Res. Serv., U.S. Dept. Agric., 349 pp.

1965. General Catalogue of the Homoptera. Fasc. VI Cicadel-
loidea. Part 1 Tettigellidae. Agric. Res. Serv., U.S. Dept. Agric., 730 pp.

Oman, P. W. 1938. Revision of the Nearctic leafhoppers of the tribe Errhome-
nellini (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 85:163-180.
1949. The Nearctic leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). A
generic classification and check list. Wash. Ent. Soc. Mem. 3:1-253.
Seudder, G. G. E. 1961. Additions to the list of Cicadellidae (Homoptera)
of British Columbia, with one genus and four species new to Canada. Proc.
Ent. Soc. Brit. Columbia 58:33-35.
Wolfe, H. R. 1955a. Relation of the leafhopper nymphs to the Western
X-disease virus. J. Econ. Ent. 48:588—590.

1955c. Leafhoppers of the State of Washington. Wash. Agric.
Expt. ota. Cine 277e 30 pp:

Young, D. A. 1968. Taxonomic study of the Cicadellinae (Homoptera:
Cicadellidae ) Part 1 Proconiini. U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 261, 287 pp.

THREE NEW SPECIES OF MALLOPHAGA FROM AFRICAN MAMMALS
( TRICHODECTIDAE )

K. C. Emerson, 2704 North Kensington Street, Arlington, Virginia 22207
and

Rocer D. Price, Department of Entomology, Fisheries, and Wildlife,
University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55101

ABSTRACT—Damalinia neotheileri, n. sp. and D. semitheileri, n. sp. are
described and illustrated from Gorgon taurinus; and Tricholipeurus moschatus,
n. sp. is described and illustrated from Nesotragus moschatus, all from Africa.

The three new species herewith described and illustrated were sent
to the authors by Dr. Theresa Clay, Department of Entomology, British
Museum (Natural History). The holotypes are deposited in that
museum.

Damalinia neotheileri, n. sp.

(Figs. 1-5)

Holotype male——External morphology and chaetotaxy as in fig. 2, terminal
abdominal segments as in fig. 4, and genitalia as in fig. 5. Total length, 3.07 mm.
Close to Damalinia theileri Bedford, 1928, but separated by differences in the
shape of the head, the shape of the terminal abdominal segments, the genitalia,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971 373

1" WN or

IN!

sa
pay yey

Fics. 1-4. Damalinia neotheileri, n. sp.: 1, dorsal-ventral view of female; 2,
dorso-ventral view of male; 3, dorso-ventral view of female terminalia; 4, dorso-
ventral view of male terminalia.

374 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971

and size. For D. neotheileri, the forehead is shorter and the median indentation is
broader than for D. theileri. The terminal abdominal segment of D. theileri is
prolonged, ending in a circular-shaped appendage; for D. neotheileri, this pro-
longation is a tapered extension of the preceding segment. The paramera of D.
neotheileri are curved outward at the distal tips and are not fused at the anterior
ends; the paramera of D. theileri are pointed but straight at the distal tips and are
fused at the anterior ends to form a large plate. D. neotheileri is much larger than
D. theileri.

Allotype female——External morphology and chaetotaxy as in fig. 1 and terminal
abdominal segments as in fig. 3. Total length, 3.20 mm. Close to D. theileri, but
separated by differences in the shape of the head, the terminal abdominal seg-
ments, and size. The forehead of D. neotheileri is shorter and the median iden-
tation is broader than for D. theileri. The abdominal sternal plate of segment VIII
of D. neotheileri is short and of D. theileri is of normal size. D. neotheileri is much
larger than D. theileri.

Type host—Gorgon taurinus albojubatus Thomas.

Type material—Holotype male collected off the type host on the
Athi Plain, Nairobe, Kenya (no date given) by G. R. C. van Someren.
Allotype female and two paratype females collected off Gorgon tau-
rinus subsp. taken on the Grumeti River, Lake Province, Tanzania,
on September 24, 1965, by G. B. Corbet (Corbet No. 1637). One female
paratype collected off Gorgon taurinus subsp. in the Eiland Reserva-
tion, Leysdorp District, Northern Transvaal, Union of South Africa, on
August 30, 1955, by J. N. Swart (British Museum No. 1959-172). Two
female paratypes and four nymphs collected off Gorgon taurinus hecki
Neumann on the Bardamat Plains, Narok District, Kenya, in March
1960 by D. W. Brocklesby. One nymph collected off G. taurinus hecki
on the Loita Plains, Narok District, Kenya, in March 1960 by D. W.
Brocklesby.

Damalinia semitheileri, n. sp.

(Figs. 6-8)

Holotype male.—Terminal abdominal segments as in fig. 8 and genitalia as in
fig. 6. Total length, 3.30 mm. This species, with the male very close to that of
D. neotheileri, is differentiated by the shape and chaetotaxy of the last abdominal
segment and by gross differences associated with the genitalia.

Allotype female.—Terminal abdominal segments as in fig. 7. Total length, 3.10
mm. The female of this species is close to that of D. neotheileri, but the two are
readily separable by differences in the shapes of the tergal sclerites on the posterior
segments.

Type host——Gorgon taurinus subsp.

Type material—Holotype male, allotype female, and one nymph
taken from the skin of a specimen of the type host collected at Living-
stone, Northern Rhodesia, on May 6, 1962.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971 375

Fic. 5. Damalinia neotheileri, n. sp., male genitalia. Figs. 6-8. D. semi-
theileri, n. sp.: 6, male genitalia; 7, dorso-ventral view of female terminalia; 8,
dorso-ventral view of male terminalia. Figs. 9-11. Tricholipeurus moschatus, n. sp.:
9, male genitalia; 10, dorso-ventral view of male terminalia; 11, dorso-ventral view
of male.

376 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971

Tricholipeurus moschatus, n. sp.

(Figs. 9-11)

Holotype male.—External morphology and chaetotaxy as in fig. 11, terminal
abdominal segments as in fig. 10, and genitalia is in fig. 9. Total length, 1.54 mm.
Close to T. victoriae (Hopkins, 1943), but separated by differences in the genitalia
and size. The endomera of T. victoriae are fused into a rod which tapers regu-
larly to its apex; the endomera of T. moschatus are normal, being fused only at
the apex. T. victoriae is much larger than T. moschatus.

Type host.—Nesotragus moschatus (von Dueben).

Type material—Holotype male and the head of another male col-
lected off the type host at Naro Motu, Kenya, on October 6, 1960, by
G. B. Corbet (Corbet No. 315) (British Museum No. 1962-43).

NOTES ON THE GENERA HOMALOMITRA BORGMEIER,
PYCNOPOTA BEZZI, AND SPHINCTOMYIA BORGMEIER
(DierERA: SPHAEROCERIDAE )

GrorcE C. STEYSKAL, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research
Service, U. 8S. Department of Agriculture?

ABSTRACT—Notes are given on the subfamily placement and morphology of
Homalomitra ecitonis Borgmeier, Pycnopota manni Bezzi, and Sphinctomyia
aenigmatica Borgmeier.

Recently Father Thomas Borgmeier turned over to the U. S. National
Museum the type specimens of 2 species of Brazilian Diptera described
by him, viz., Homalomitra ecitonis Borgmeier (1931) and Sphinctomyia
aenigmatica Borgmeier (1954). Both of these species are still the only
known species of their genera. Both were described in considerable
detail. Homalomitra was originally referred to the Sphaeroceridae (as
Cypselidae) and is still listed in that family by Richards (1967).
Sphinctomyia, however, was originally assigned doubtfully to the
Sciadoceridae. In Fr. Borgmeier’s letter of transmittal of these speci-
mens to the U. S. National Museum he stated that he thought Sphincto-
myia might belong with the Platypezidae, and not with either the
Sciadoceridae or Phoridae. Examination of the holotype of S. aenig-
matica, however, reveals that it is quite certainly a sphaerocerid with
some features of resemblance to Pycnopota manni Bezzi (1926), de-
scribed from Bolivia. Pycnopota was originally referred to the Sphae-

1 Mail address: c/o U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. 20560.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971 STi

Fic. 1. Sphinctomyia aenigmatica Borgm., dorsal view of female postabdomen,
holotype. Fics. 2-4. Pycnopota manni Bezzi, female allotype: 2, dorsal view of
head, with portion of ommatidia of one eye shown; 3, right hind leg; 4, dorsum of
thorax.

roceridae (as Borboridae) and is also still retained in that family by
Richards (1967).

In Richards’ latest key to Sphaeroceridae with reduced or absent
wings (1965), Sphinctomyia does not easily fit at any point largely
because of the following combination of characters: prosternum ellip-
tical, little longer than broad; wings (in my opinion well expanded )
much longer than ocellar triangle, not pointed, without distinct veins
(the 4 apparent veins cited and figured by Borgmeier are cuticular
folds); halteres well developed; eyes moderately reduced; scutellum
with one pair of bristles. In addition to the shape of the prosternum
already mentioned, little can be added to Borgmeier’s description. The
tip of the wholly membranous abdomen, however, has been removed,
the postabdomen extended from its previously fully retracted condi-
tion, and mounted in euparal on a microscope slide, from which fig. 1
was drawn.

Since I have compared Sphinctomyia with Pycnopota, additional
data concerning the female allotype of P. manni Bezzi, also in the U. S.
National Museum, are in order: prosternum (visible at very oblique

378 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971

angle) quite broad; dorsum of thorax as in fig. 4; dorsal view of head
as in fig. 2, eyes with strongly convex ommatidia; palpi about % as
long as the inflated clypeus (epistoma, torma, prelabrum) and closely
appressed thereto; hind leg as in fig. 3.

Homalomitra ecitonis and Sphinctomyia aenigmatica were taken in
the company of the ant Labidus praedator (F. Smith), which species
has been included in the genus Eciton, sometimes with Labidus as a
subgenus. Pycnopota manni Bezzi was collected by W. T. Mann at a
period when he was a student of ants, but no data concerning the con-
ditions of its collection are available.

REFERENCES

Bezzi, M. 1926. A new genus and species of borborid flies from South Amer-
ica. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 68 (art. 20, separate no. 2621) :1-6.

Borgmeier, T. 1931. Um cypselideo ecitophilo de Goyaz (Dipt. Cypselidae ).
Rev. Ent., Sao Paulo 1:30-37.

. 1954. Eine neue myrmekophile Dipterengattung aus Brasilien.

Zool. Anz. 153( 11-12) :292—298.

Richards, O. W. 1965. Mission zoologique de V'I.R.S.A.C. en Afrique orientale
(P. Basilewsky et N. Leleup, 1957). Diptera. Flightless Sphaeroceridae and
Chloropidae. Ann. Mus. Roy. Afr. Centr., 8°, Zool. 138:415—-464.

TABANIDAE OF MARYLAND, ADDENDA
( DipTERA )

Parrick H. THomepson, Hyattsville, Maryland 20783'

ABSTRACT—This paper cites collections and published studies extending the
geographical and seasonal distributions of Maryland Tabanidae and summarizes
those extensions not previously published.

The geographical and seasonal distributions of Maryland Tabanidae
presented in Thompson (1967) were extended as a result of studies
in Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, Maryland (Thompson
1970a, 1970b) and in river swamps of the lower Eastern Shore (Thomp-
son and Sagle 1971). The latter studies extended the ranges into Mary-
land of Tabanus zythicolor Philip (1 female, Aug. 21, 1969, 3 miles W of
Libertytown and 2 females, Aug. 21, 1969, Pocomoke Cypress Swamp )
and T. gladiator Stone (1 female, Aug. 12, 1968, Pocomoke Cypress
Swamp ); and of 1 other species, the collection data for which were

‘Present address: Veterinary Toxicology and Entomology Research Laboratory,
U. S. Department of Agriculture, College Station, Texas 77840.

379

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971

SWA SWA ST py y UAA0}.19}S9q ,UUBUapsl AA $40} }A
€OM q#OM BG UN{—ET AP VV Sor) P ‘ es
SWA SWA ET ‘sny M UMO}I9}S9q) ,UURUapal AA $NjJaj]0sqo
dOM dM Go-61 oun VV a[[ASUMOID ye ¥
S¥.L SaM Iz ‘sny-zg ‘jo M ayOulon0g pAOUTY AA Oquagiisiu
S¥.L Sam Bs ‘sny—-Es [nf M SEPALS ET stp 7 ie s
SRL Sam GG SnY S ‘puy wing soe] laury
SRL Sam Conti) un) M ayoulo90g puUBLOpaT AA Ssnyouruas
L LHd Og ‘Sny—-0d ‘fol \d quexnjyeg pPLEYOMe YY Ysayoiae
SWA SWA ST Apnf ¥y UMO}.19}S9) a ll “
le .LHd Z snYy-1Z ABN Yd JUOXn}eg pouly 1y9o0wulp
‘Jqndun .LHd PI-EL AR A Age A Jnoo'T olOYTBRM, SIULOINIUII
WNS) SOO GG Av if, OANA 2 a i
‘Tqudun LHd 9 ‘[Df-eT Arp A AgT[B@A ysnoo'T » plOYfPAA SMLUDUOGADI
WNSND SOD Go APN L ok aye! “ r
SWA SWA p An d purpoy oye] 5 te mM mM
SNA SNA ST Apot Y UMO}I9}S94) ,UayoRS U9}sQ snpyjvI
SL SdM 1g ‘sny—¢zg “Unf M Soo acl Pama: .
S¥2.L Sam 61 ‘sny S UMO}JTEYS poulp] Snauunig
WNS). SOD Go ARN L akM ome Mt
‘[qudun LHd FI-EL AP A AgTTeA ySNoO'T soupy thapwisg
SX%.L SadM IZ ‘Ssny-61 API M oYOULO0g po ‘q yURUMYpog $nI14UD]ID
sdoshiy)
90Ino0g 10,2T[0D 9}eq Ayunoy AVI[RIO'T satoods
‘oeplueqey, purlAreyy Jo sotoads FZ Jo suoQnqLysIp [euosevas pue [eorydeis098 JO suorsua}xo pue Splose1 AyUNOD pue 9}ye}G “T ATAV]

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971

380

*( prose AyUNOD ) AJUNOD JUIY WoAF (G9GT) SHVO Aq payoday

*($) uauttoads ayeut Aq payuosaidar satoadsg

*plOdat 9}¥}1g 3

“pilosa AVUNOD »

‘asURI [VUOSvAS JO UOISUd}X p
*AjaaTg—o Edsel ‘ula}suepog “g “AA pue ‘(URIUOsyyUIG) UMesny [eUoWN ‘S ‘Q ‘ues10yy

‘O 'N ‘(OL6T) wosdwoyy “(TL6T) e[8eg pue uosdwoyy, ‘uvumyoeg “T “T “Af ‘euyg “W ‘A wWeserder qOA\ pure ‘WNSN ‘WON ‘L ‘S ¥ L ‘d'T'T ‘SW o
‘AJPAT~OdSeI “UOSAT, "FY "AX pure ‘uloajsuapog

‘O (M “TIT “[8eg “g “AA ‘Uosdwoyy, “H ‘A “ues10Wy °C ‘N “[eyshayg *O “HD “af “EUS "W ‘A Woserder [HAA pure ‘GOM ‘SAA “LHd ‘WON (SOD) ‘SW 4
Ayoay

-oadsar ‘satyunoD 19}sa0I0AA pue ‘jJoqG[ey, ‘jesraUIOSg ‘uey ‘YOMeperiy ‘ses10eg souLIg ‘e1ounyeg ‘jepunty suUy JUeSeIdet AA pue J ‘S ‘Y ‘A ‘Od ‘gq ‘VV ev

SEINE SdM OT {9G Arn M soulooed p(9UIH ) 124900p
piquuoqghy

SRL SAM 83 ‘[M{-IT ‘un[ M ayoulod0g pAeg smahjs

WON WON 6I ‘[e{-og ‘Unf Jd aTPEASIEP 9 pUURLapal A Myplpnuiad

SX L SAM CI-6 Ajnf M ayoutos0g y pABS Snzsajow

SWA SWaA eT ‘sny M 99 IIe ,UURULOpol A smlavouDjaUL

SRL SAM 9I-¢ ‘nl M ‘pu'y peys ploy AA SUD] “IBA StuUadynoDUL

SWA SWA ET ‘sny >. | Soe end UJO2UH

AL Jeet T Anf \d quexnyeg pIUoysg mpyyoups
snupqv J,

elalial LHM g ‘sny M ayOuLod0g 3‘; ‘9 ‘p( ABS) Snzojnuup
SNUDGDJOINIT

alae LHM GI-L ‘sny M ayOuLos0g 3‘9(Woenbag ) szimjnosndaio
SNUDGDIOLOIY

SRL SAM GG ‘Sny-<C ‘ul M ayOulod0g p(w) sngponisaf
SNLOJYIDIG,

e0IMosg 10peT[OD awd Ayuno’) AyeRoo'T seeds

——————E—E—E—EeEeEeEeEeEeEeEeEee——eeasaeoananunaunanununnuanaunaunananaeEe——
(panuyuoy) "T aIavy

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971 381

reported by Thompson and Sagle (1969); and added distribution
records for 14 species in the 3 southernmost counties of the Eastern
Shore. These collections in the Pocomoke River swamps in 1968 and
1969 also extended the seasonal distributions of 10 species as recorded
in Thompson (1967). Table 1 summarizes these records and those from
collections not previously recorded.

REFERENCES

Catts, E. P. 1969. Report on the Tabanidae of Delaware. Suppl. 1. Univ.
Dela. Agric. Expt. Sta. Bull. 377.
Thompson, P. H. 1967. Tabanidae of Maryland. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.
93:463-519.
1970. Tabanidae (Diptera) of Patuxent Wildlife Research Center,
Laurel, Maryland. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 63:572-6.
1971. Tabanidae (Diptera) of Patuxent Wildlife Research Center,
Laurel, Maryland. The second year. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. (In press).
and W. B. Sagle, III. 1969. Extensions of range for three species
of Maryland Tabanidae (Diptera: Tabanidae). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 71:493.
1971. Summer Tabanidae (Diptera) of the Pocomoke River
Swamps, Worcester County, Maryland. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. (In press).

TWO NEW SPECIES OF PHAENICIA FROM THE WEST INDIES
(DiprerA: CALLIPHORIDAE)*

Maurice T. JAMEs, Department of Entomology, Washington State University,
Pullman, Washington 99163

ABSTRACT—Two new species, Phaenicia retroversa, from Bahama (type
locality) and Cuba, and P. lucigerens, from Jamaica, are described. Their close
relationship to P. caeruleiviridis (Macquart) suggests a common origin of the

three.

Examination of some Phaenicia from the West Indies has revealed
the presence of two new species that appear to be closely related to
the common P. caeruleiviridis (Macquart) of the eastern United States.
Both resemble caeruleiviridis in several features including the very
narrow frons of the male, the general configuration of the head, the
chaetotaxy except for the lack of fronto-orbitals in the male, and the
structure of the aedeagus. The forceps complex in the male genitalia
is different, particularly in respect to the geniculate outer forceps, a

1 Scientific paper no. 3563, College of Agriculture, Washington State University.
Work was conducted under Project 9043.

382 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971

character which distinguishes this pair of species from the other known
American representatives of this genus. Presumably, these species
represent an extension of the ancestral caeruleiviridis stock into the
Caribbean area, where differentiation has taken place.

A character that has been overlooked in American species of Phae-
nicia is the nature of the abdominal pollinosity. In such species as P.
sericata (Meigen) the abdomen is wholly shining green to coppery,
but the shine is not as brilliant as in P. caeruleiviridis, P. eximia
(Wiedemann), and most other species of the native American fauna.
When the abdominal terga of P. sericata are examined under magnifi-
cation of 60X or greater, with proper lighting, a large part of the
surface appears covered with a whitish pollen. Even on the fourth
tergum, where the white pollinosity is not evident, the surface is dulled
somewhat by a metallic green pollen consisting of minute scales. In
contrast, the fourth tergum in P. caeruleiviridis is very glossy and lacks
evidence of metallic pollen. This glossy condition may occur on a
portion or nearly all of the third tergum, at least dorsally.

In this paper the apparent, rather than the actual morphological,
segmentation of the abdomen is used; the abdomen, therefore, will be
considered to be composed of four principal segments.

The most comprehensive treatment of the North American species of
Phaenicia is to be found in Hall (1948). No species have been added
to the known fauna of North or Central America and of the West Indies
since that date.

Phaenicia retroversa, n. sp.

Distinguishable from other known American species, except luci-
gerens, n. sp., by the geniculate outer forceps of the male genetalia.
The completely brilliantly shining third and fourth abdominal terga
are characteristic. The body is usually distinctly bicolored, with a
bluish-green thorax and a distinctly purplish abdomen. Bigot described
two species from the West Indies with such coloration, namely Somo-
myia semiviolacea from Puerto Rico and S. soulouquina, from Haiti.
Both were based on female types which, according to Aldrich, are in
such bad condition that the possibility of an accurate identification is
doubtful (see discussion in Hall, 1948). Some P. caeruleiviridis speci-
mens from Florida show this bicoloration. Aubertin (1933) thought
that semiviolacea and soulouquina might be synonyms of P. rica (Shan-
non), but I doubt this. Bigot’s descriptions disagree with my series of
retroversa in several respects, particularly in the statement that the
second abdominal segment lacks macrochaetae, so it is best to regard
the Bigot names as nomina dubia.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971 383

Fics. 1-3. Phaenicia spp., male genitalia: 1, retroversa, n. sp., lateral view;
2, same, forceps, dorsal view; 3, lucigerens, n. sp., forceps, lateral view.

Male.—Head mostly blackish; facials becoming brownish-black to brownish-
yellow, especially below, facial warp yellow to yellowish; pollen whitish to very
pale yellow, yellow on facial warp, rather dense on parafrontals except upper parts,
parafacials, facials, and occipital orbits, less so on occiput than on orbits and on
genae. Minimum distance between eyes 0.03 head width, or little more than diam-
eter of anterior ocellus; frontale at narrowest virtually obliterated, reddish brown
below, black above. Frontals 8-12, becoming increasingly weaker above, extending
to narrowest part of frons; fronto-orbitals and outer verticals lacking; inner verticals
strong. Parafrontals with some short, soft, whitish hairs on lower part between
frontal rows and eyes; hairs of gena seta-like, black; occiput with some longer yel-
lowish hairs, especially noticeable below but occurring wholly behind metacephalic
suture. Setulae of facials extending almost half-way to antennal bases. Antenna
mainly black; pedicel orange at apex, otherwise brownish-black; flagellum orange
at base and orange-yellow for a variable distance below; thicker part of arista
brownish-black. Sclerotized parts of proboscis shining black, palpi bright yellow.

Thorax green to bluish-green, rarely blue, sometimes with a cupreous sheen on
dorsocentral areas; pleura, particularly mesopleuron, usually with more of a bluish
sheen; bristles and most setulae of thorax black, hairs of propleuron and anterior
margin of humerus whitish-yellow, those near stigmatal bristle brown. Anterior
margin of mesonotum, anterior part of humerus, propleuron, and mesopleuron
above front coxa densely whitish pollinose; pollen of thorax otherwise inconspic-
uous but visible over most of area when viewed from an oblique angle. Acro-
stichals 2-2, dorsocentrals 3-3, humerals 3. Legs brownish-black, femora usually
darker, almost black, tibiae usually brownish. Wing subhyaline, very lightly in-
fumated; veins yellow to brownish-yellow; basicosta except on inner margin and
subcostal sclerite yellow, epaulet brown; squamae lightly tinged with brown, be-
coming white at base; halteres yellow; anterior spiracle yellowish-brown, poste-
rior dark brown.

384 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971

Abdomen brilliantly purple; all setae and bristles black; terga 2 and 3 dorsally
each with a marginal row of bristles, strong and long on 3, becoming weaker
medially on 2. Terga 3 and 4 devoid of pollen, only a little metallic pollen at
extreme base of 3 laterally; terga 1 and 2, except extreme apex of 2, with pollen
which appears whitish when viewed posteriorly. Genitalia as in figs. 1 and 2;
outer forceps geniculate, that is, curved ventrally at middle, appearing much
shorter in dorsal view than inner forceps; aedeagus essentially as in caeruleiviridis.

Length, 6.5-7.5 mm, of holotype, 7.5 mm.

Female.—Frons at narrowest point about one-fourth (0.23—0.25) head width;
sides almost parallel, only slightly concave on lower part; 2 proclinate and 1
reclinate fronto-orbitals, both outer and inner verticals well developed; frontals
extending to vertex. Pollen on ventral aspects of terga 1 and 2 more conspicuous
than in male. Length, 7.5-8.5 mm, of allotype, 8.5 mm.

Holotype male, Grande Is., Bahama, June, 1952, A. Soltys; USNM
type no. 71202. Allotype, female, same data. Paratypes: 1 female, 5
males, same data; 2 females, 2 males, New Providence, Bahama, May,
1952, G. W. Eddy; 1 male, 1 female, Habana, Prov. Habana, Cuba,
March 15, 1966, F. Gregor; 1 male, Lomas de Camos, Prov. Habana,
Cuba, fly trap, March 14, 1952, Dodge and Seago; 1 female, Marianao,
Prov. Habana, Cuba, 15 m, July 20 to August 8, 1966, F. Gregor.
Paratypes in the collections of the U. S. National Museum, Washington
State University, and the Moravian Museum, Brno, Czechoslovakia.

Discussion.—The name retroversa, meaning “turned backwards,”
refers to the form of the outer forceps.

The contrast in color between thorax and abdomen is normally
marked. In the pair of paratypes from Habana (city) there is some
purple on the abdomen, but to the naked eye the contrast is not evident.
Other characters, including the male genitalia, indicate the conspeci-
ficity of these specimens with others of the type series. In one New
Providence male the outer forceps have become extended so that they
do not bend, but their basal structure clearly indicates that the differ-
ence in appearance is due to this extension.

Phaenicia lucigerens, n. sp.

Most probably of the same ancestral stock as P. retroversa, to which it is appar-
ently most closely related. Head and appendages in structure, chaetotaxy, and vesti-
ture as in retroversa, except that pollen tends to be more yellowish; in the male it
is more distinctly yellow on the parafacials and usually deep yellow to golden on the
occipital orbits; in the female it is characteristically deep yellow, usually less so on
the parafrontals and sometimes also on the parafacials. Thorax and most of abdo-
men dark blue, almost blue-black in places; chaetotaxy and vestiture as in retro-
versa. Femora black, tibiae dark brown. Wing clear hyaline, without the slight
brownish tinge of retroversa; some infumated spots at base; basicosta brownish-
yellow to light brown; subcostal sclerite usually brownish on apical half; squamae
variable, pale brownish to distinctly brown, white at base. Tergum 3 largely
devoid of pollen, more brilliantly shining than preceding segment, but bearing

PROG. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971 385

some metallic pollen at least at base and sometimes half way to apex, especially
laterally, this pollen more extensive than in retroversa; tergum 4 wholly shining,
brilliantly coppery or green with a strong coppery reflection in the male, often less
pronounced in the female, sometimes almost wholly absent; in both sexes, however,
there is a strong color contrast between terga 3 and 4. Male genitalia (fig. 3)
similar to those of retroversa; structure of aedeagus essentially the same; outer
forceps geniculate but the bend closer to the apex, in structure more foliate and
not as heavy as in retroversa. Length, male, 6.0-7.5 mm, 7.0 in holotype; female,
6.0-8.0 mm, 7.5 in allotype.

The type series is entirely from Jamaica.

Holotype, male, NE slope Mt. Horeb, Portland, about 4600 ft.,
November 21, 1954, T. H. Farr; USNM type no. 71203. Allotype,
female, Albany Green, St. Thomas, June 10, 1954, Farr. Paratypes: 1
male, same data as holotype; 2 males, 1 female, Long Mountain, St.
Andrew, October 7, 1964, Farr; 1 male, about 6 miles NW of Wheeler
Field, St. Thomas, August 24, 1954, Farr; 2 males, Morant Bay Road,
St. Thomas, 14% miles E of Kingston, August 2 and September 6, 1964,
Farr; 1 female, Morant Point, sea level, St. Thomas, February 13, 1955,
Farr; 1 male, 2 females, 2 miles N of Maypen, Clarendon, September
23, 1962, and September 27, 1964, Farr; 1 female, Second Breakfast
Spring, St. Andrew, August 24, 1954, Farr; 1 male, Orangefield, St.
Catharine, March 10, 1955, S. Heineman; 1 female, Hardewar Gap to
Caledonia Peak, Portland, October 30, 1955, David Gregory; 1 female,
Green Hill, Portland, July 26, 1950, I. Sibley; 1 female, Upper Mountain
View, St. Andrew, October 31, 1954, C. B. Lewis; 2 males, Hope, Kings-
ton, March 28 and April 11, 1960, Latta trap. Paratypes in the collec-
tions of the U. S. National Museum and Washington State University.

Discussion—The name lucigerens, “light-bearer,” refers to the ap-
pearance of the fourth tergum of the males and some females; when
the fly is viewed posteriorly, without magnification, a brilliant flash of
coppery light can be produced by rotating the specimen.

REFERENCES

Aubertin, D. 1933. Revision of the genus Lucilia R-D. J. Linn. Soc. London,
Zoology 38:389-436.

Hall, D. G. 1948. The blowflies of North America. Thomas Say Foundation.
A477 pp. (1947).

386 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971

THE LARVAE OF THE ANT GENUS BOTHROPONERA
(HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE )

GrorGE C. WHEELER and JEANETTE WHEELER, Laboratory of Desert Biology,
Desert Research Institute, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89507

ABSTRACT—The larvae of nine species of the ant genus Bothroponera ( Poner-
inae: Ponerini) are described and figured. These fall into three generically distinct
groups on the basis of body profile, mandible shape and tubercles: (1) sublaevis,
denticulata, and piliventris; (11) mayri; and (III) sjostedti. The remaining species
cannot be grouped, because we have only semipupae of cariosa and only immature
larvae of porcata, pumicosa and soror. The mature larvae of the five species are
keyed. It is concluded that W. M. Wheeler was justified in using larval differences
(among others) in separating Bothroponera from Pachycondyla.

The Paleotropical ant genus Bothroponera, which comprises about
35 species, is a member of the tribe Ponerini in the subfamily Ponerinae.
It is widely distributed throughout the Ethiopian, Malagasy, Indoma-
layan, Papuan and Australian Regions. The monomorphic workers are
small or medium-sized or large, black or dark brown, opaque or sub-
opaque and usually strongly sculptured. They form small colonies
under stones, in rather moist clayey soil; they are rather sluggish and
do not sting readily, but instead exude from the posterior end a whitish
frothy substance (Wheeler 1922:69). The larger species are highly
predatory and termitophagous (Wheeler 1922:15). Arnold (1915 fide
Wheeler 1936:182) claimed that “the economic value of the Ponerinae
in tropical countries can hardly be overestimated, for it may be safely
asserted that at least 80 percent of their food consists of termites, and
they thereby constitute one of the chief checks to these pests in the
tropics.”

Since our earlier study of Bothroponera larvae (1952:621-623) was
based on unsatisfactory material and since we now have satisfactory
material in five species, we are starting over and revising completely.

Genus Bothroponera Mayr—Type I

Profile paraponeriform (i.e., thorax and AI forming a moderately long and
rather stout neck, which is curved ventrally; remainder of abdomen stout and
elongate-subellipsoidal). Anus ventral, with posterior lip. Body beset with 6-87
tubercles of 3 different kinds. Integument densely spinulose. Body hairs few,
simple, minute to short, or none. Integument of cranium roughened with spinules
or rugules or granules. Head hairs lacking. Antennae low knobs, each on a disc
and bearing 3-5 sensilla. Anterior surface of labrum bearing numerous sensilla
(30-56); posterior surface densely spinulose, with very few sensilla. Mandibles
ectatommiform (i.e., subtriangular in anterior view, the distal half slightly curved

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971 387

medially; with a distinct medial blade joining the body of the mandible in a smooth
curve and bearing 2 medial teeth); with a few spinules on the basal half.

B. denticulata, piliventris and sublaevis belong to this type. Since we do not
have mature larvae of porcata, pumicosa and soror and only semipupae of cariosa
we cannot safely assign them to type, but suspect that they may be Type I.

Bothroponera sublaevis Emery
Gigs 215)

Length (through spiracles) about 15 mm. Thorax and AI forming a moder-
ately long and rather stout neck, which is curved ventrally; remainder of abdomen
stout and elongate-subellipsoidal. Posterior end rounded. Lateral longitudinal
welts low. Leg vestiges conspicuous, each a minute pit at the bottom of a larger
pit; gonopod vestiges on AVII-IX; leg and wing vestiges present. Anus ventral
with posterior lip. Eight vestigial tubercles on ventrolateral surfaces of thorax,
distributed thus: TI 4, TII 2, TIII 2; about 0.024 mm tall. Integument densely
spinulose; spinules long (about 0.018 mm), with stout conical base surmounted by
a needle-like point; arranged in rows, which in some places form reticulate patterns.
Body hairs few, simple, minute to short (0.04—0.18 mm), and widely scattered.
Cranium suboctagonal in anterior view. Antennae low rounded elevations each
mounted on a disc and bearing three sensilla. Integument of head roughened in a
complicated pattern as follows: occiput with minute spinules in short transverse
rows; frons (between antennae) granulose and rugulose; genae and upper clypeus
rugulose. Head without hairs, but with a few sensilla, each of which bears a
minute spinule. Labrum short, breadth twice the length; lateral borders convex;
ventral border feebly concave; anterior surface with about 50 sensilla; posterior
surface spinulose, the spinules arranged in transverse subparallel rows on the
medial two-thirds, lateral sixths with coarser isolated spinules near the ventral
border; posterior surface with a few sensilla. Mandibles with the basal half slightly
dilated; distal half thickened laterally; from its anterior surface a blade extends
medially and bears 2 subapical teeth; posterior surface of basal half with minute
isolated spinules. Maxillae each narrowly round-pointed; all surfaces with numerous
isolated spinules, which are longer ventrally; palp a peg bearing 5 apical sensilla;
galea digitiform with 2 apical sensilla. Labium with the anterior surface densely
spinulose, the spinules long and slender, isolated ventrally and in short rows dor-
sally; a transverse spinulose welt dorsally; palp a peg with 5 apical sensilla; opening
of sericteries wide and salient. Hypopharynx densely spinulose, the spinules long
and in short transverse rows, the rows so close together that the spinules overlap.
(Material studied: 8 larvae from New South Wales, courtesy of Rev. B. B. Lowery,
who reports a nauseating musty smell emanating from ants and larvae).

Bothroponera denticulata Kirby
(Fig. 2)

Length (through spiracles) about 16.7 mm. Very similar to B. sublaevis except
as follows. Tubercles 6, ventrolateral, a pair on each thoracic somite; each a stout
subcone about 0.2 mm tall, bearing 3 apical sensilla. No body hairs. Gonopod
vestiges on AVII-IX. Cranium transversely subelliptical; occipital border concave
at the midle. Labrum short; a fourth broader than long; ventral border widely

388 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971

2e

Fic. 1. Bothroponera sublaevis Emery: a, head in anterior view, x 20; b,
larva in side view, x 8; c, left mandible in anterior view (shaded to show thick-
ness), X 44; d, mesothoracic leg vestige in optical section, x 133; e, prothoracic
leg vestiges in surface view, x 133. Fig. 2. B. denticulata Kirby: a, head in
anterior view, X 17; b, rugae on head, x 56; c, larva in side view, x 6; d, left
mandible in anterior view, < 31; e, anterior end of larva to show tubercles, x 6;
f, left prothoracic tubercle in dorsal view, x 125. Fig. 3. B. piliventris F. Smith:

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971 389

concave. (Material studied: 3 larvae from Queensland, courtesy of Rev. B. B.
Lowery ).

Bothroponera piliventris F. Smith
(Fig. 3)

Length (through spiracles) about 15.7 mm. Similar to B. sublaevis except as
follows. Tubercles arranged asymmetrically varying in number from 66 to 87;
subconical from stout to spire-like, tallest about 0.2 mm, all with a single apical
hair and without surface spinules; distributed thus: TI 20-26, TII 14-16, TIII 11,
AI 7-9, AII 3-6, AIII 2-4, AIV 3-4, AV 2-3, AVI 2, AVII 2, AVIII 0-2, AIX 0-2,
AX 0. Body hairs very few, widely scattered, minute (0.018 mm long), simple.
Gonopod vestiges on AIX. Cranium subhexagonal but with the occipital corners
strongly rounded. Antennae each with 4 sensilla. Labrum bilobed; ventral surface
of each lobe spinulose, the spinules long and usually isolated. Mandibles with blunt
teeth. Maxillae with the apex broadly rounded; each palp with 5-8 apical sensilla.
Hypopharynx with the rows of spinules forming a reticulum. (Material studied:
8 larvae and 1 semipupa from South Australia, courtesy of Rev. B. B. Lowery. )

Genus Bothroponera Mayr—Type ?
Bothroponera ecariosa F. Smith

(Fig. 4)

SEMIPUPA. Length (through spiracles) about 10 mm. Similar to B. sublaevis
except as follows. Tubercles 117, distributed thus: TI-AIII 10, ATV—AVII 8, AVIII
10, AIX 8, AX 6; each tubercle a conoid bearing a long apical spine and several
basal hairs, tallest about 0.3 mm. Integument densely spinulose, the spinules long
and isolated. Body hairs short (0.075—0.11 mm), simple, with flexuous tip, a few on
each somite. Cranium semicircular in anterior view. Labrum bilobed, as broad as
long, with the lateral borders sinuate. Mandibles with medial teeth smaller; apex
strongly curved posteriorly; no spinules. Maxillae with the spinules isolated or in
short rows; each palp a skewed peg with 10-13 sensilla. Each labial palp a
skewed peg bearing 10 sensilla. (Material studied: 2 semipupae from South Af-
rica, courtesy of Dr. W. L. Brown. )

Bothroponera poreata Emery
(Fig. 5)

YOUNG LARVA. Length (through spiracles) about 6.3 mm. Similar to B. sub-
laevis except as follows. Tubercles about 180, which are distributed thus: TI 9,
TII-TIII 12, AI 14, AII 12, AIII 19, AIV 20, AV 25, AVI 21, AVII 19, AVIII about
10, AIX about 6, AX 0; shape grading from a stout subcone (with spinules in short
rows around the base) bearing a peculiar apical hair, to the peculiar hair minus

<

a, head in anterior view, <x 22. Fig. 4. B. cariosa F. Smith: b, left maxillary
palp in anterior view, < 185; a, tubercle on semipupa, xX 93. Fig. 5. B. porcata
Emery: a, left mandible in anterior view, young larva, x 77; b, larva in egg, x 17;
c, body hair, young larva, x 185; d, typical tubercle, young larva, x 185; e,
transitional tubercle with tall capitate hair, young larva, x 185; f, capitate hair
without tubercle, young larva, x 185. Fig. 6. B. pumicosa Roger: tubercle,
young larva, x 185.

390 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971

tubercle. Body hairs absent. Labrum with spinules on anterior surface. Opening of
sericteries a transverse slit in a depression.

LARVA IN EGG. Length of egg about 1.9 mm; length of larva (through spira-
cles) about 2.1 mm. Similar to young larvae except as follows. Head very large
and tilted backwards. Prothorax small and wedge-shaped. Diameter nearly uniform
from mesothorax through AVIII. Anus ventral. Integument with appressed spi-
nules. Body hairs of two types: (1) 0.027-0.11 mm long, in a cluster on the
lateral surface of each somite except AX, hairs stout, with recurved tip and
bulbous and spinose apex; (2) simple, 0.009-0.018 mm long, a few on the ventro-
lateral surfaces of each somite. Mandibles with the apical tooth longer and nar-
rower, the subapical tooth farther from the apex, the proximal tooth represented by
a narrow flange with short rows of spinules medially. Each maxillary palp a low
knob; each galea a cone directed ventromedially. Labium short, represented only by
a curved band. (Material studied: 11 larvae from New South Wales, courtesy of
Rev. B. B. Lowery ).

Bothroponera pumicosa Roger

(Fig. 6)

YOUNG LARVA. Length (through spiracles) about 3.6 mm. Similar to B.
sublaevis except as follows. Thorax and first abdominal somite folded ventrally;
dorsal profile C-shaped; venter of AII—X flat. Tubercles 124; spine-like, about
0.13 mm tall, with a few basal hairs, integument with a few isolated spinules;
distributed thus: TI-AIX 10, AX 4. Body hairs very few, widely scattered, except
a small cluster on each ventrolateral surface of each thoracic somite; minute to
short (0.009-0.27 mm long), simple, widely scattered. Head hairs few, moderately
long (0.018—0.063 mm), simple. Labrum bilobed, about as long as broad. Mandi-
bles with rows of minute spinules on the anterior surface. Each maxillary palp a
stout cone with 9 sensilla. Each labial palp a low cluster of 6 sensilla; opening of
sericteries a transverse slit in a depression. (Material studied: 2 larvae from South
Africa, courtesy of Dr. W. L. Brown. )

Bothroponera soror Emery
(Fig. 7)

IMMATURE LARVA. Length (through spiracles) about 6.6 mm. Similar to
B. sublaevis except as follows. Tubercles 84, distributed thus: TI 10, TII-AII 8,
AIII-AIX 6, AX 0; tubercles spine-like, about 0.25 mm tall, with numerous spinules
on the integument and a few hairs at the base. Gonopod vestiges on AIX. Integ-
ument of body densely spinulose, the spinules minute and in rows. Body hairs
simple, long (0.094—0.19 mm), stout and nearly straight, generally distributed.
Cranium transversely subelliptical. Head hairs few, simple, long (0.067—0.144 mm).
Labrum bilobed; anterior surface of each lobe with 2 or 3 hairs and about 12
sensilla on or near the ventral border; ventrolateral corners with isolated spinules
on anterior, ventrolateral and posterior surfaces. Mandibles with minute spinules
in short rows on all surfaces of base. (Material studied: 5 larvae from Ghana and
Congo, courtesy of Dr. W. L. Brown).

Weber (1943:298): “The larvae were lying on their sides and feeding on pieces
of an unidentifiable insect.”

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971 391

Fic. 7. Bothroponera soror Emery: a, body hair, young larva, x 185; b,
tubercle, young larva, x 185. Fig. 8. B. sjostedti Mayr: a, mandible in anterior
view, < 93; b, head in anterior view, < 133; c, tubercle, x 67; d, larva in side
view, X 22. Fig. 9. B. mayri Emery: a, body hair, immature larva, x 370; b, tip
of body hair, immature larva in side view, < 370; c, larva in side view, x 6; d,
multiple tubercle, * 370; e, hair without tubercle, x 370; f, hair with low tubercle,
x 370; g, typical tubercle with short capitate hair, « 370.

Genus Bothroponera Mayr—Type II

Profile paraponeriform (i.e., thorax and AI forming a moderately long and
rather stout neck, which is curved ventrally; remainder of abdomen stout and
elongate-subellipsoidal ); anus ventral, with posterior lip. Body beset with exceed-
ingly numerous (300) tubercles, which vary from multiple subcones to a single
frustum bearing an apical capitate hair. Body hairs few and minute; head hairs
none. Mandibles ectatommiform (i.e., subtriangular in anterior view; the distal
half slightly curved medially; with a distinct medial blade joining the body of the
mandible in a smooth curve and bearing 2 medial teeth).

We have only B. mayri in this type.

392 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971

Bothroponera mayri Emery
(Fig. 9)

Length (through spiracles) about 14 mm. Similar to B. sublaevis except as
follows. Tubercles about 300; not arranged symmetrically; large and multiple
(with apical sensilla) anteriorly, grading into a peculiar hair posteriorly; distrib-
uted thus: each thoracic somite with about 12, AI—AIII 16, AIV 24, AV 40, AVI 44,
AVII 42, AVIII 36, AIX 28, AX 0. Body hairs absent. Cranium subcircular; sensilla
numerous. Antennae with 5 sensilla each. Maxillary and labial palps with 7
sensilla each.

YOUNG LARVA. Length (through spiracles) about 10 mm. Similar to the
mature larvae, except in the following details. Thorax forming a slender neck
which is bent ventrally at a right angle; abdomen stout, dorsal profile C-shaped,
ventral nearly straight; lateral longitudinal welts feebly developed. Tubercles about
200 and distributed thus—TI 18, TII 15, TIII 11, AI 12, AII 16, AIII 24, ATV 28,
AV 18, AVI 18, AVII 26, AVIII 20, AIX 8, AX 2. Head longer than the diameter
of any thoracic somite; AI greater in diameter than head length. Mandibles with the
teeth shorter and stouter. Maxillary and labial palps short pegs. Opening of
sericteries a transverse slit.

VERY YOUNG LARVA. Length (through spiracles) about 5.2 mm. Similar to
young larva except in the following details. Thoracic spiracles half the diameter
of abdominal spiracles. Abdominal tubercles replaced by heavy long hairs with
curved, swollen spinulose tip. Tubercles 44, distributed thus: TI 16, TII 17, THI
11; hairs AI 16, AII 22, AIII 26, AIV 24, AV 28, AVI 30, AVII—-X 0. Body hairs
very few, short (0.012-0.05 mm), simple. Each maxillary palp a low knob with 10
sensilla. Each labial palp a low cluster of 8 sensilla. (Material studied: 9 larvae
from New South Wales, courtesy of Rev. B. B. Lowery.)

Genus Bothroponera Mayr—Type III

Profile pachycondyliform (i.e., shaped somewhat like a crookneck squash; thorax
and AI forming a distinct long slender neck, which is curved ventrally; remainder
of abdomen stout and subovoidal, but with ventral profile nearly straight). Body
beset with 90 stout-conoidal tubercles. Integument densely spinulose. Body hairs
few, simple, minute. Head large and elongate. Surface of cranium with faint
rugules. Antennae small, each with 3 sensilla. Head hairs few, short, simple.
Mandibles odontoponeriform (i.e., subtriangular in anterior view; narrow; distal
third slightly curved medially; with a distinct medial blade arising from the anterior
surface and bearing 2 medial teeth); with a few spinules on the basal half.

We have only B. sjostedti belonging to this type.

Bothroponera sjostedti Mayr
(Fig. 8)

Length through spiracles about 3.8 mm. Tubercles 90, distributed thus: TI 10,
TH-AI 8, AII—VII 6, AVIII-IX 8, AX 4; tubercles moderately slender subcones,
about 0.15 mm tall. Integument densely spinulose, the spinules minute (longer
ventrally ) and in numerous subparallel rows or in reticulate patterns. Body hairs
few, simple, minute (0.035-0.075 mm long), mostly ventral. Head elongate;
cranium subelliptical, slightly longer than broad; integument roughened with ridges
and spinules. Head hairs few, short (0.027-0.045 mm), simple, slightly curved.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971 393

Antennae small, each a low elevation bearing 3 sensilla. Labrum bilobed; lateral
borders sinuate; anterior surface of each lobe with 12 minute hairs and/or sensilla
on or near the ventral border; posterior surface spinulose, the spinules arranged in
transverse subparallel rows on the medial two-thirds, the lateral sixths with coarse
isolated spinules near the ventral border; posterior surface with 3 sensilla near the
middle of each lobe. Mandibles narrow and subtriangular in anterior view; distal
half thickened laterally, from its anterior surface a blade extending medially and
bearing 2 subapical teeth on its medial border; basal half with short rows of minute
spinules on anterior, medial and posterior surfaces. Maxillae narrowly round-
pointed; the spinules isolated, small and sparse basally, becoming long, dense and
in short rows apically; each palp a slender peg with 5 apical sensilla; each galea
tall and digitiform, with 2 apical sensilla. Labium moderately spinulose, the mid-
dle with short spinules in short transverse rows, becoming long and isolated later-
ally; each palp a frustum with 5 apical sensilla; opening of sericteries wide and
salient. Hypopharynx densely spinulose, the spinules long and in short transverse
rows, the rows so close together that the spinules overlap. (Material studied: 3
larvae from Ghana, courtesy of Dr. W. L. Brown).

Key To THE MAtTuRE LARVAE OF Bothroponera IN OuR COLLECTION

In our previous studies of ant larvae we have not found enough distinct species in
any one genus to justify a key to species. But we are now willing to try it in
Bothroponera.

la. Profile pachycondyliform; mandibles odontoponeriform; tubercles about
CSO) (CTEM 2) Ss) (110 ())i eS le a ew gs ag sjostedti

lb. Profile paraponeriform; mandibles ectatommiform — 2

2a. Tubercles about 300; on all somites except AX; tubercles varying from
multiple subcones to frusta, each frustum bearing a single capitate

| yarn: (CUP 2} Shed UP) i ST a ve SN eee RT mayri
Zbee aubercles Gito.o7> notshaped as:above (TYPE I). -..-. - 3
Jarmeaipercles!| G—G:. Onl thoraxt Only; 2 eee 4
3b. Tubercles 60-87, grading from stout conoids to spire-like, on all somites
EXCeD tar Ave mea ee en eee ee See eS he She Bo eee piliventris
4a4 wiubercles 6 -vestigials) body hairs few. sublaevis
4b. Tubercles 6 stout subcones; body hairs none — denticulata
Discussion

Mayr described Bothroponera as a genus in 1862. In the “Genera
Insectorum” (1911) Emery treated it as a subgenus of Pachycondyla.
But in 1922 Wheeler restored it to generic rank on the basis of (1)
larval differences, (2) differences in distribution (Paleotropical vs.
Neotropical) and (3) peculiarities in the habits of Bothroponera.
Our studies of 134 species in 41 genera of ponerine larvae convince us
that Mayr and Wheeler were correct and that the latter was justified
in using larval characters in evidence.

Although the 5 species of Bothroponera that we have studied are
separable into 3 generically distinct groups, they are all generically
distinguishable from the larva of Pachycondyla.

394 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971

REFERENCES

Weber, N. A. 1943. The ants of the Imatong Mountains, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard Coll. 93:263-389, 16 pl.

Wheeler, G. C. and J. Wheeler. 1952. The ant larvae of the subfamily
Ponerinae. Amer. Mid]. Nat. 48:111-144, 604-672.

Wheeler, W. M. 1922. The ants collected by the American Museum Congo
Expedition. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 45:39-269, 21 pl.

1936. Ecological relations of ponerine and other ants to termites.

Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci. 71:159-243.

A NEW SPECIES OF POMERANTZIA BAKER FROM CALIFORNIA
(ACARINA: POMERANTZIIDAE )

Dovuc.as W. Price, Department of Entomology and Parasitology,
University of California, Berkeley, California 94720

ABSTRACT—A new pomerantziid mite, Pomerantzia prolata, from a forest
habitat in California is described. This species is compared with P. charlesi Baker,
the only other described species in this little known family. Comments on family
characteristics and relationship to the Raphignathoidea are presented.

The family Pomerantziidae was described by Baker (1949) to ac-
commodate a unique species of mite from peach orchard soil, Upson
County, Georgia. This species, Pomerantzia charlesi Baker, remained
for twenty years the only species assigned to this family. The present
paper describes a second species, collected from soil in a ponderosa
pine forest habitat in California.

Cunliffe (1955), Summers (1966), and Krantz (1970) included the
Pomerantziidae in the Raphignathoidea, although noting that its phylo-
genetic relationships are uncertain. Southcott (1957) argues against
its inclusion in this superfamily. The presence of genital discs, numer-
ous solenidia on tarsus I, and the absence of empodia on all tarsi are
characters not found in other Raphignathoid families. Although
Atyeo and Baker (1964) note a resemblance between their Raphignath-
oid family Tarsocheylidae and the Pomerantziidae, these two families
display a number of fundamental differences which argue against any
close kinship. In addition to the features noted above, the structure
of the palpi and chelicerae is distinct in the two families, and special-
ized propodosomal sensillae occur only in the Tarsocheylidae. Many of
the features displayed by the Pomerantziidae are shared by certain of
the Raphignathoid families, but in combination they indicate an iso-
lated position for these rare forms.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971 395

Important distinguishing characteristics of the family Pomerantziidae
include an elongate body with humeral sulcus, coxae I-II widely
separated from coxae III-IV, femur subdivided on all legs, tarsi I with
numerous (6-8) solenidiform sensillae, claws conventional on all
tarsi but without empodia, all body setae smooth, without specialized
propodosomal sensillae, chelicerae free or weakly fused basally and
not forming a stylophore, with stout, sickle-shaped movable digits,
short multi-chambered peritremes between basal parts of chelicerae,
palpi with 6 freely-articulating segments, palp thumb-claw complex
well developed, a linear series of dorso-median plates on idiosoma (1
propodosomal, 5 hysterosomal), propodosomal without eyes, without
humeral setae, with three pairs of genital discs, and with a setiferous
ovipositor. Our knowledge of these mites is insufficient at present to
permit a clear separation of family and generic features.

Pomerantzia prolata, n. sp.

Female: Weakly sclerotized, elongate, long-legged mites with a slight humeral
sulcus. Legs I and II contiguous, arising on each side from a common coxal plate;
coxal plates not fused medially. Legs III and IV arise similarly, widely separated
from legs I and II. Leg I much longer than leg II; leg IV longer than leg III.

Gnathosoma small, with chelicerae free or weakly fused basally, each with one
pair of dorsal setae distad, near stout, sickle-like, uocurved movable digit. Mem-
branous lobes associated with movable digit, fixed digits absent. Peritremes com-
posed of 7 or 8 tiny, beadlike chambers between cheliceral bases. Podocephalic
canals conspicuous on bases of palp coxae. Palps with 6 well defined segments;
coxae with 1 pair dorsal solenidia, trochanter without setae, femur and genu
with 1 pair of setae each, tibia with 2 pairs of setae and 1 stout sensory peg on
inner face. Tibial claw terminal and opposed by well developed, sub-terminal
tarsus to form a typical thumb-claw complex. Palp tarsus with about 9 setae.
Propodosoma bears a small, drop-shaped, dorso-median plate, with a fine net-like
pattern in mid-region. Propodosomal plate with three pairs of marginal setae;
the hind-most pair about twice the length of the 2 sub-equal anterior pairs. Pro-
podosoma without eyes, humeral setae, or specialized sensory setae.

Hysterosoma with 5 dorso-median plates arranged linearly. First hysterosomal
plate elongate, about three times as long as wide, with a single pair of marginal
setae in middle region; second and third hysterosomal plates rounded squares,
equal in size, each bearing one vair of marginal setae; fourth and fifth plates wider
than long, each bearing 2 pairs of setae near posterior margins, inner pairs about
twice as long as outer pairs. Fifth hysterosomal plate separated from fourth by
extensive membranous region not found between other hysterosomal plates.
Hysterosoma with 1 pair of dorso-lateral setae only, lateral to and somewhat in
front of setae of first hysterosomal plate, arising apparently from membrane rather
than from sclerites.

With one pair of subcapitular setae, and 2 pairs of small setae near oral opening.
Assignment of setae as ventrals or coxals on coxal plates uncertain; the tentative
arrangement is to consider 1 pair on each of the anterior and posterior coxal plates

396 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971

</

y
it

/

png Ml

Fics. 1-7. Pomerantzia prolata, n. sp.: 1, adult female, dorsal aspect; 2, tibia
and tarsus I; 3, genu, tibia, and tarsus II; 4, chelicerae and left palpus; 5, terminal
segments of palpus, outer side; 6, tibia and tarsus III; 7, adult female, ventral
aspect.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971 397

as ventrals thus leaving 4 pairs on coxae I (1 of which is a dorsal solenidion), 4
pairs on coxae II, 3 pairs on coxae III, and 3 pairs on coxae IV.

Genital and paragenital setal patterns exhibit some variation in specimens exam-
ined; the normal pattern is 3 pairs of genitals and 3 pairs of paragenitals. Three
pairs of genital discs; and in mature females, a conspicuous, highly pleated, setif-
erous ovipositor is located internally in genital region. Anal aperture terminal,
with 3 pairs of setae. No other ventral setae present.

Total counts of all setae on podomeres of legs I through IV respectively are:
tarsi, 22-17-11-11; tibiae, 15-6-6-10; genua, 11-5-5-6; telo-femur, 5-5-4-5; basi-
femur, 5-4-3-3; trochanter, 1-1-2-1; coxae, 4-4-3-3 plus on coxal plates I-II, 1 seta
and on coxal plates III-IV, 1 seta. Counts of solenidia only on terminal 3 podomeres
of legs I through IV are: tarsi, 6-3-0-0; tibiae, 4-1-1-1; and genua, 1-0-0-0. In
addition to the true solenidia, there are some setae on the legs which have blunt
tips and may be chemo-sensory in function. These have thicker walls and are
more narrow than the solenidia. Other leg setae more clearly serve a tactile func-
tion, although they range from micro-setae to very stout forms.

Averages and range of measurements of 8 mature females in microns are:
idiosoma from tip of opisthosoma to bases of chelicerae 430, 396-463; chelicerae to
tip of movable digit 70.1, 69.5-74.3; legs from coxo-trochanteral joint to tip of
claws, leg I 245.1, 239.8-261.3; leg II 157.3, 146.3-167.8; leg III 174.0, 167.8-
182.2; leg IV 230.5, 218.2-249.3; tarsus I to tip of claws 48.5, 43.2-55.1.

The type-species, P. charlesi Baker, differs from the species herein
described in a number of characteristics. Although the most useful
characters for species separation in the Pomerantziidae remain to be
established, the most important here are the number of chambers in the
peritremes, i.e., 3 in charlesi, 7-8 in prolata and the numbers of genital
and paragenital setae, i.e., 5 and 4 pairs respectively in charlesi, 3 and 3
pairs in prolata. The net-like pattern in the center of the propodosomal
plate is not indicated for charlesi. Also, the pair of posterior marginal
pores noted for charlesi on the third hysterosomal plate do not occur
on prolata.

A number of other chaetotaxic differences occur; these, however,
need to be confirmed by an examination of the type species. There are
8 solenidia (including the sensory peg) on tarsus I of charlesi, 6 in
prolata; 2 solenidia on tarsus II of charlesi, 3 in prolata; 3 solenidia on
tibia I of charlesi, 4 in prolata. The setae of the first hystrosomal plate
in charlesi are located near the anterior margin and considerably in
front of the dorso-lateral hysterosomal setae; while in prolata these
setae are located near the middle of this plate and posterior to the
dorso-lateral setae. The arrangement of the 4 setae on hysterosomal
plate V into two rows in charlesi is distinct from the arrangement of
these 4 setae in a single row in prolata.

The male is unknown.

In the writers opinion, the structures called peritremes by Baker
(1949) are podocephalic canals. The peritremes appear to be repre-

398 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971

sented only by the bead-like structures between the cheliceral bases.
Tracheal trunks are seen to descend into the body directly from the
anterior ends of these structures.

As noted, variation in numbers of genital and paragenital setae ap-
peared in the specimens examined. Instead of the typical three pairs
for both sets of setae, the number on one side was often reduced to
two, or the occurrence of an extra seta raised the number to four. All
other chaetotaxic patterns on the body and legs appeared constant.

The type locality is the Boyce Thompson Institute Forest Research
Station, 5 miles south of Grass Valley, Nevada County, California. The
holotype and 2 paratypes are deposited at the United States National
Museum.

REFERENCES

Atyeo, W. T. and E. W. Baker. 1964. Tarsocheylidae, a new family of pro-
stigmatic mites (Acarina). Bull. Univ. Nebr. State Mus. 4(11):243-256.

Baker, E. W. 1949. Pomerantziidae, a new family of prostigmatic mites. J.
Wash. Acad. Sci. 39(8) :269-271.

Cunliffe, F. 1955. <A proposed classification of the Trombidiforme mites. Proc.
Ent. Soc. Wash. 57(5):209-218.

Krantz, G. W. 1970. A manual of Acarology. Oregon State University Book
Stores, Inc., Corvallis, 335 pp.

Southeott, R. V. 1957. Description of a new Australian raphignathoid mite,
with remarks on the classification of the Trombidiformes (Acarina). Proc. Linn.
Soc. N. S. W. 81(3):306-312.

Summers, F. M. 1966. Key to families of the Raphignathoidea (Acarina).
Acarologia 8( 2) :226-229.

A NOTE ON THE NOMINATE CHARACTER OF
PARACANTHA DENTATA ACZEL

(DiereRA: TEPHRITIDAE )

A fine female specimen of what seemed to be Paracantha dentata Aczél was
captured in Cajamarca, Peru, 6-7 March 1971 by Clifford O. Berg and presented
by him to the U. S. National Museum. The specimen agrees well with
Aczél’s description (1952, Acta Zool. Lilloana 10:224) except that the entire insect
is somewhat paler in color than the type of P. dentata and lacks the character of
dentate fore femur. The type of P. dentata, collected 250 km north of Cajamarca,
just across the border of the province of Cajamarca at Huancabamba, Piura prov-
ince, is also in USNM. Its fore femur was removed, lightly macerated in NaOH, and
remounted with the remainder of the specimen. The black toothlike structure of
the fore femur, shown in Aczél’s figure 4b, was found to be an artifact, for it
dissolved away completely, leaving the femur entirely similar to those of other
female Paracantha species —Grorcr C, StEysKAL, Systematic Entomology Lab-
oratory, Agricultural Research Service, U. §. Department of Agriculture, c/o U. S.
National Museum, Washington, D. C. 20560.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971 399

A SUBSPECIES OF ANOPHELES NEW TO THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS!
(DrerERA: CULICIDAE )

RicHArpD F, Darsiz, Jr.2 and ADELA CAGAMPANG-RAMos, Malaria Eradication
Training Center, Manila, Philippines

ABSTRACT—The occurrence of Anopheles vagus vagus Donitz in the Philip-
pines is reported. Previously it was believed that A. v. limosus King was the only
subspecies of vagus found in the country. Particular identifying characters of the
adult female and larva are discussed.

In 1932, the late Dr. W. V. King described a new variety of Anopheles
vagus Donitz from the Philippines, A. vagus var. limosus. It has proved
to be a valid, insular form and was also reported by Colless (1948) from
Northern Borneo and raised to subspecific rank by him. Since the
definition by King, it has been the only form of A. vagus recognized in
the Philippine anopheline fauna ( Baisas and Dowell, 1967).

Recently, the appearance of a different form of A. vagus found in
collections from Southeastern Mindanao Island was called to the at-
tention of the authors.* Subsequently, a visit was made to the Minda-
nao provinces of Lanao del Norte and Lanao del Sur, and a number of
specimens, which proved to be the type subspecies, A. vagus vagus
Donitz, were collected. The authors first reported this finding in the
recently published “Tlustrated Key to the Anopheles Mosquitoes of the
Philippines” (Ramos and Darsie, 1970).

The adults and larvae collected match the descriptions of Chris-
tophers (1933) and Reid (1968). The identification was confirmed
by Mr. F. E. Baisas, formerly Chief Medical Entomologist, Philip-
pine Malaria Eradication Service.

Adult Female. The identifying characters for subspecies vagus, found in the
Philippine specimens, are the presence of subapical band or patch (tache) of light
scales on the proboscis and pale scales on the prehumeral area of the wing costa.
In subspecies limosus, these two areas are entirely dark-scaled. The pale patch
on the proboscis proved to be the primary character; and of those bearing the pale
patch, 76 percent exhibited the secondary character, prehumeral pale scales.

‘From the Malaria Eradication Training Center, Manila, Philippines, Malaria
Program, Center for Disease Control, Health Services and Mental Health Admin-
istration, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare, Atlanta, Georgia 30333. This program is supported by the Agency for
International Development, U.S. Department of State.

* Present address: Vector Borne Disease Training Unit, Laboratory Division,
Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia 30333.

3 The authors are indebted to Mrs. A. U. Pagayon, Entomologist, Malaria Eradi-
cation Service, Department of Health, Manila, Philippines.

400 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971

Fourth Instar Larva. This stage presents convincing evidence of the existence
of subspecies vagus in the Philippines. The larvae have short outer and posterior
clypeal hairs, less than one-third as long as inner clypeals; the latter are placed far
forward near the inner clypeals and markedly medial to them. In subspecies
limosus, the postclypeals lie farther back on the frontoclypeus and are only slightly,
if at all, medial to the inner clypeals.

Specimens Studied: MINDANAO ISLAND: Lanao del Sur Prov-
ince—7 2 2 and 2 4 é with associated lar. and pup., 4 2? and 13 lar.
from Basak Village, Marawi City, II-26-70; 3 22 from Lumbayao
(village), Balindong (municipality), I-23-70; 2 22 from Pander-a-
Ranao, Tugaya, II-24-70; 2 °° from Taraboko, Madamba, II-26-70;
3 22 from Lumbac, Ditsaan, II-28-70; 23 °°? from Talagian, Masiu,
III-3-70. Lanao del Norte Province—3 2°? from Birwar, 7 2? from
Banisilon, Tankal, III-4-70; 2 2° from Eastern Sucudan, 3 ° ? from
Western Sucudan, Kolambugan, III-5-70. South Cotabato Province—
13 22 from Wali, Maitum, III-28-70. LUZON ISLAND: Bulacan
Province—6 ? 2 from Kay Banban, San Jose del Monte, VI-10-70. Que-
zon Province—27 2 ? from Lalig, Tiaong, VI-15-70, 113 ? 2 from Suba,
Majayjay, VI-15-70. Laguna Province—3 2 2 from San Isidro, Calauan,
V-15-70.

The above record represents the currently known distribution of
subspecies vagus in the Philippines. Specimens have been deposited
in the U.S. National Museum.

REFERENCES

Baisas, F. E. and F. H. Dowell. 1967. Keys to the adult female and larval
anopheline mosquitoes of the Philippines. Jour. Med. Ent. 4(1):11-23.

Christophers, S. R. 1933. Fauna of British India, Diptera, Family Culicidae,
Tribe Anophelini. London, Taylor and Francis, 371 pp.

Colless, D. H. 1948. The anopheline mosquitoes of North Borneo. Proc. Linn.
Soc. N.S.W. 73(3-4):71-119.

King, W. V. 1932. The Philippine Anopheles of the rossi-ludlowi group. Phil.
Jour. Sci. 47(3) :305-342.

Ramos, A. Cagampang- and R. F. Darsie. 1970. Illustrated keys to the
Anopheles mosquitoes of the Philippine Islands. USAF 5th Epi. Flgt. Tech.
Rept. 70-1, 49 pp.

Reid, J. A. 1968. Anopheline mosquitoes of Malaya and Borneo. Studies Inst.
Med. Res. Malaysia No. 31, 520 pp.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971 401

SOME SAWFLIES FROM PAKISTAN
(HYMENOPTERA: DIPRIONIDAE, TENTHREDINIDAE )

Davin R. SmirH, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research
Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture!

ABSTRACT—tThe four species of Gilpinia (Diprionidae ) known from Pakistan
are keyed. One new species, G. ghanii, is described as well as the female of G.
indica (Cameron). Ardis asulea, new species, (Tenthredinidae) is described and
Nematus melanaspis Hartig is reported from Pakistan.

The following descriptions are based on specimens sent to me by
Dr. M. A. Ghani, Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, Pak-
istan Station, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.

DIPRIONIDAE
Gilpinia Benson
Gilpinia is the only genus of Diprionidae known from Pakistan. All
species of this genus are associated with conifers.

Gilpinia polytoma ( Hartig)

This species was recorded from Pakistan by Benson (1965) and oc-
curs from Europe to Japan. In Pakistan, the larvae feed on Picea
smithiana Boiss. The scalelike inner hindtibial spur of the female and
slender penis valve of the male separate polytoma from other Gilpinia
species in Pakistan. For detailed descriptions see Reeks (1941).

Gilpinia pindrowi Benson

Benson (1961) described this species from Punjab, Murree, Pakistan.
The adults were reared from larvae on Abies pindrow Spach. I have
seen additional specimens from Murree as well as from Gharial, Kal-
dana, Olore (Swat), and Shogran, but these specimens were reared from
larvae feeding on Picea excelsa Link.

The female of pindrowi is distinguished from that of polytoma by
the simple hindtibial spurs and from those of indica and ghanii by
the lancet, which has the serrula of annulus 2 on about the same level
as the remaining serrulae and has annuli 2 and 3 subparallel (fig. 1).
Also, the orange coloration with part of the midtibia, hindtibula, and
hindfemur black will separate pindrowi. The male penis valve is dis-
tinctive in being elongate (fig. 9), not triangularly shaped as in indica
and ghanni.

1 Mail address: c/o U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. 20560.

402 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971

Ay Vag |At)
wen Fant pn (

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971 403

Gilpinia indica (Cameron)

This species was known from only the male holotype, but I have
associated the sexes on the receipt of reared material from Dr. Ghani.
Cameron (1913) described this species from Dehra Dun, India. The
specimens I have seen were reared from larvae on Cedrus deodara
(Roxb.) Loud. from the following localities: PAKISTAN: Dawarian
(A. K.), VI-19-69, VI-27-70; Thandiani, VIII-15-70. A description of
the female and redescription of the male follow.

Female.—Length, 7.8 mm. Antenna and head black; anterior margin of clypeus,
labrum, and maxillary and labial palpi whitish. Thorax black with tegula, pro-
thorax, mesopleuron, and mesoscutellum whitish. Legs whitish to brown; base of
each coxa, each femur, and apical third of middle and hindtibiae black. Abdomen
mostly whitish with basal plates, lateral margins of tergites, apical segment, and
sheath brownish to black. Wings hyaline.

Antenna with 18 segments, rami of central segments longer than their respective
segment. Punctation of head and thorax and dullness of abdomen typical of genus.
Hindtibial spurs both simple. Sheath broad, flattened at apex, scopa blunt, not
expanded and with broad, elongate scopal pads. Lancet with 10 annuli; annuli
2 and 3 divergent; ventral margin of lancet concave, with serrula of second annulus
distinctly lower than serrula of third annulus; distance between central serrulae
much longer than breadth of adjacent serrulae (fig. 3).

Male.—Length, 4.5 mm. Black, with labrum, maxillary and labial palpi, extreme
apex of each femur, each tibia and tarsus entirely, and apical margin of hypandrium
brownish. Penis valve triangularly shaped, short and broad with apex acute and
ventral margin slightly concave (fig. 10); harpe and parapenis similar to that of
ghanii (fig. 7).

Larva.—Preserved specimens are mostly whitish with dorsal, supraspiracular,
and subspiracular longitudinal black stripes. Segments of the thoracic legs are black
and the head is reddish brown with a large spot on frons, a line extending from
occiput to frons, eyespots, clypeus and labrum, and indefinite spots on the sides

black.
Gilpinia ghanii, n. sp.

The coloration of this species is similar to that of pindrowi except
for the larger black spots on the lateral lobes of the mesonotum and the
entirely orange legs. The genitalia of both sexes will distinguish this
species.

Female.—Length, 8.0 mm. Head black, with mouthparts, clypeus, and supra-
clypeal area white to orange and spot behind each eye brownish. Antenna black

with first two segments whitish. Thorax white to yellowish with black covering
most of each lateral lobe of mesonotum. Legs entirely orange. Abdomen orange,

<

Fics. 1-4. Female lancets: 1, Gilpinia pindrowi Benson; 2, G. ghanii, n. sp.;
3, G. indica (Cam.); 4, Ardis ascula, n. sp.

404 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971

sheath black. Wings very lightly and uniformly infuscated; veins black with costa
and ventral half of stigma brownish.

Antenna with 23 segments, rami of central segments slightly longer than their
respective segment. Head and thorax heavily punctate, but shining between punc-
tures. Hindtibial spurs both simple. Scopa of sheath broad and flat, not greatly
expanded, with oval scopal pads. Lancet with 10 annuli; annuli 2 and 3 divergent;
serrulae concave; serrula of second annulus lower than that of third annulus and
serrula of third annulus lower than that of fourth annulus, serrulae of annuli beyond
third about on same level; distance between serrulae shorter than breadth of ad-
jacent serrulae (fig. 2).

Male.—Length, 6.4 mm. Black; labrum and maxillary and labial palpi whitish;
legs yellow to orange with each coxa and outer surface of middle and hindfemora
black. Antenna with 22 segments, segments bifurcate as for other species of genus.
Penis valve short and broad, triangularly shaped with apex blunt and ventral margin
straight and with spines extending along margin (fig. 8); harpe and parapenis as
in figure 7.

Larva.—Preserved larval specimens are nearly entirely black with a lateral white
stripe and with the inner surfaces of the prolegs whitish; various whitish spots are
also on the dorsum and venter of the body and on each subspiracular lobe. Seg-
ments of thoracic legs are black. I have seen two specimens, one has a black head
with area below antennae whitish, the other has a reddish-brown head, mottled
with indefinite areas of black.

Holotype.—Female from Pakistan labeled “Larva feeding on needle
of P. smithiana, C. I. B. C., SSA-7/69-1, Reshna, 21.VIII.69, 3029.”
U.S. N. M. type no. 71213.

Allotype—Male, same data as for holotype, except for number
*3030>

Paratypes—PAKISTAN: data as for holotype (1 2); Reshna, 28-7-
70, ex smoky black larva on Picea smithiana, SSA 6/70-1 (1 2); Reshna,
21-7-69, ex larva on P. smithiana (3 64,1 2). In the U. S. National
Museum, British Museum, and a male and female returned to Dr.
Ghani.

Key to Gilpinia SPECIES OF PAKISTAN

I... ‘Pemalec\ 2c «SE ea ee NT ae 8 A ee 2
Male natant Rc oe RET Tee Senn eS 5
2. Inner hindtibial spur scalelike == = = G. polytoma (Hartig)
Both hindtibial. spurs simple, <2 ee ee eee 3

3. Head, pectus, and mesonotum except for scutellum black —------------
th En lan Ds pa sa ee ee ea G. indica (Cameron)
Clypeus, supraclypeal area, and thorax orange or yellow, mesonotum at
most with two black spots
4, Legs orange with apical half of mid- and hindfemora and mid- and hind-
tibiae black, hindtarsus mostly black; annuli 2 and 3 of lancet parallel

5 RN oe Pe a eso een ee, BO ee ee EE oh antigen asp:

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971 405

5. Penis valve markedly curved, slender, with not more than 6 small spines

(iS Gees (G3) eat a EE 8 1 een ee Sees ve SP G. polytoma ( Hartig)

Penis valve straighter, broader, with 20 or more spines ———— === 6
GoPenis valvevelongaten(fig: 9); G. pindrowi Benson
Penis valye shorter; more triangular in shape —....___ a

7. Apex of penis valve more pointed (fig. 10); each femur mostly black
sis Seat a lle INES TSE a G. indica (Cameron)
Apex of penis valve more rounded (fig. 8); each femur mostly yellowish,
if black then only on outer surfaces __- G. ghanii, n. sp.

TENTHREDINIDAE
BLENNOCAMPINAE

Ardis asulea, n. sp.

Only three world species of Ardis are known, and all are associated
with Rosa in which the larvae are shoot borers. This species from
Pakistan is atypical in that it lacks a postorbital groove with deep pits,
but all other adult characters place it in this genus as do characters of
the larvae and habits of the species.

Female.—Length, 7.1 mm. Black, spot on outer surface of apex of front femur,
outer surface of each front and middle tibia, and basal third of hindtibia whitish.
Wings very lightly, uniformly infuscated.

Antenna slightly longer than head width; third segment longer than fourth
segment. Malar space equal to half diameter of front ocellus. Clypeus very shal-
lowly circularly emarginated. Genal carina absent; postorbital groove and _ pits
absent. Prepectus absent. Tarsal claw with inner tooth and basal lobe. Front wing
with vein 2A and 3A curved up at apex, but not meeting 1A; cell M present in
hindwing. Sheath straight above, rounded below, with slender, cylindrical dorso-
apical projection. Lancet with about 20 serrulae; each serrula low and flat, with
one prominent anterior subbasal tooth and 10 to 15 fine posterior subbasal teeth
(fig. 4).

Male.—Length, 5.1 mm. Color and structure similar to that of female. Harpe
oblong; parapenis long, curved laterally (fig. 11); penis valve with short lateral
spine (fig. 12).

Larva——The mature larva is entirely whitish with the tenth tergum and a
transverse plate on the ninth tergum black, the spiracles are very lightly winged,
and the head is amber with indefinite brown areas on the vertex and between the
eyes. The larva is very similar to the Ardis larvae described by Smith (1966, 1969),
but the absence of a pair of subanal protuberances will distinguish it from brun-
niventris (Hartig) and sulcata (Cameron). Also the ninth and tenth terga are
amber in those species. The absence of a pair of long subanal spines will separate
the larva of asulca from that of Cladardis elongatula (Klug), also a shoot-borer in
roses.

Holotype.—Female, from Pakistan, labeled “Larva boring in twigs
of Rosa sp., Murree, 18-VI-68, C. I. B. C., T. B. M. 6/68-10, 2889.”
U.S. N. M. type no. 71214.

1971

406

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, No. 4, DECEMBER, 1971 407

Allotype.—Male, same data as for holotype except dated 19-VI-68,
and T. B. M. 6/68-12, 3023.

Paratype—PAKISTAN: Murree, 10-VI-68, C. I. B. C., T. B. M.
6/68-10, 2892, larva boring twigs of Rosa sp. (1 2). Returned to Dr.
Ghani.

NEMATINAE

Nematus (Pteronidea) melanaspis Hartig

Specimens of this species were collected from Salix sp. at Murree
(7-V-64, 25-V-64, 4-VIII-64), and adults were reared from larvae feed-
ing on the foliage of Salix wallichiana Anderss. at Murree (13-VI-70).
N. melanaspis is found from Europe to Siberia, and this first record
from Pakistan considerably extends its southern distribution. The only
other Nematus species known from Pakistan is oligospilus Foerster.
The black frons, postocellar area, mesonotum, and dorsum of the ab-
domen will distinguish melanaspis from oligospilus, these parts being
mostly orange-yellow in the latter. N. melanaspis is in the group of
Nematus species in which the sheath is short and rounded and the
lancet is very short and triangular. Benson (1958) illustrated the
lancets of melanaspis and oligospilus.

Nematus (Pteronidea) oligospilus Foerster

Benson (1963) first recorded this Holarctic species from Pakistan.
As for melanaspis, the larvae feed on Salix.

REFERENCES

Benson, R. B. 1958. Hymenoptera (Symphyta). Family Tenthredinidae. In
Royal Entomological Society of London, Handbooks for the Identification of
British Insects, v. 6, pt. 2(c), pp. 139-252. London.

1961. A new Gilpinia (Hymenoptera Diprionidae) from Pakistan.
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. 13, 3:309-310.

1963. The Nematinae (Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae) of south-
east Asia. Ent. Tidskr. 84:18-27.

1965. Some sawflies new to the Himalayan region (Hymenoptera,
Symphyta). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 13, 8:141-144.

Cameron, P. 1913. On some new and other species of Hymenoptera in the col-
lections of the Zoological Branch of the Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun.
Indian Forest Records 4:91—123.

Reeks, W. A. 1941. On the taxonomic status of Gilpinia polytoma (Htg.) and

<

Fics. 5-6. Gilpinia polytoma (Hartig): 5, harpe and parapenis; 6, penis valve.
Figs. 7-8. G. ghanii, n. sp.: 7, harpe and parapenis; 8, penis valve. Fig. 9. G.
pindrowi Benson, penis valve. Fig. 10. G. indica (Cam.), penis valve. Figs. 11-
12, Ardis ascula, n. sp.: 11, harpe and parapenis; 12, penis valve.

408 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971

G. hercyniae (Htg.) (Hymenoptera, Diprionidae). Can. Ent. 73:177—188.
Smith, D. R. 1966. The identity of three shoot-boring sawfly larvae of roses
(Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 59:1292.
1969. Nearctic sawflies I. Blennocampinae: Adults and larvae
(Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. Tech. Bull.
No. 1397, 179 pp.

A NEW SPECIES OF LAELAPS FROM THE LEMMING MOUSE,
SYNAPTOMYS COOPERI

(ACARINA: LAELAPIDAE )

Donatp W. Linzey, Department of Biological Sciences, University of South
Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36608

and

D. A. Cross.ey, Jr., Department of Entomology, University of Georgia,
Athens, Georgia 30601

ABSTRACT—Laelaps stupkai, n. sp. is described from the southern lemming
mouse, Synaptomys cooperi stonei Rhoads, collected in the Great Smoky Mountains
National Park, North Carolina.

Laelaps Koch is a genus of worldwide distribution, normally para-
sitizing myomorph rodents which inhabit moist situations. Recent col-
lections of ectoparasites in the course of ecological studies on small
mammals in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park have revealed
the presence of a new species of Laelaps. The host for this mite was
a southern lemming mouse, Synaptomys cooperi stonei Rhoads, taken
near the southern limit of the geographical distribution of this genus.
A search of the literature reveals few instances of the parasitism of
Synaptomys by members of the genus Laelaps.

Laelaps stupkai Linzey and Crossley, n. sp.
(Figs. 1 and 2)

Description based upon female; male unknown.

Diagnosis: Laelaps sensu Tipton 1960. Distance between first pair of epigynial
setae much greater than distance between fourth pair of epigynial setae; length of
adanal setae greater than 44 width of anal plate; length of postanal seta less than
length of anal plate; first pair of sternal setae not reaching posterior margin of
sternal plate; proximal seta of coxa I setiform, distal seta of coxa I spiniform; peri-
treme extending to middle of coxa I.

Idiosoma: 770 long by 590 wide.

Dorsum: Dorsal plate elliptical, covering most of dorsum, with about 33 pairs

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, No. 4, DECEMBER, 1971 409

Fics. 1 & 2. Laelaps stupkai n. sp.: 1, ventral aspect of female; 2, dorsal plate
of female.

of setae. Penultimate setae of row D shortened, others of normal length. Distri-
bution of pores as shown in fig. 2.

Venter: Sternal plate well sclerotized, finely punctate but without reticulations;
maximum length 1454, maximum width 2344; setae long, tapered, first pair reach-
ing past bases of second pair but not to posterior margin; sternal pores distinct.
Endopodal plates spindle-like, bearing setae resembling those of sternal plate,
without pores. Epigynial plate well sclerotized; 250u long by 220” wide; setae
tapered; distance between first pair of setae 113u, distance between fourth pair of
setae 654. Metapodal plates distinct. Anal plate 1284 long by 104 wide; adanal
setae weak, 40u long, reaching to base of postanal seta; postanal seta strong, 70u
long. Soft integument of venter with 11 pairs of tapered setae. Peritreme reaching
to middle of coxa I, peritremal plate not extending posteriorly.

Legs: Robust, shortened, with weak claws, leg IV the longest. Coxa I with
setiform proximal seta, spiniform distal seta; coxa II with spiniform seta; coxa III
with setiform anterior seta, spiniform posterior seta; coxa IV with setiform seta.
Trochanter I with spiniform proximal seta. Femora I and II and genu I with
elongate dorsal setae; other leg setae short.

Type Material: Holotype and two paratypes, all females, from a
male Synaptomys cooperi stonei Rhoads. The host (DWL Mammal
No. 265) was taken along U. S. Route 441 at Kanati Fork, a tributary

410 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971

of the Oconaluftee River, Great Smoky Mountains National Park,
Swain County, North Carolina, elevation 2800 ft, on December 16, 1965,
by the senior author and his wife, Alicia V. Linzey.

The holotype has been deposited in the U. S. National Museum,
type No. 34-80. Paratypes have been deposited in the acarology col-
lections of the University of Georgia and in the collections of the
senior author at the University of South Alabama.

Remarks: This species is named in honor of Mr. Arthur Stupka in
recognition of his immeasurable contribution to the knowledge of the
natural history of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park where he
served as chief naturalist and biologist for almost 29 years.

In Tipton’s (1960) revision of the genus Laelaps, L. stupkai, n. sp.
will key out to nuttalli Hirst. It differs from nuttalli in having the fourth
pair of setae on the epigynial plate much closer together than the first
pair of setae. Laelaps nuttalli exhibits some variation in this feature,
but specimens from the southeastern United States examined by Tipton
had the fourth pair of setae further apart than the first pair. Also,
Laelaps nuttalli has about six pairs of setae on the soft integument of
the venter, whereas L. stwpkai has about 11 pairs. Laelaps stupkai
differs from other Laelaps species reported from the southeastern
United States, as follows: Laelaps evansi Tipton and L. multispinosus
Banks both have minute adanal setae and two spinelike setae on coxa I;
L. stupkai has normal adanal setae and one spinelike seta on coxa I.
Laelaps kochi Oudemans has spiniform dorsal setae; those of L. stupkai
are normal. Laelaps oryzomydis Pratt and Lane has a spinelike proxi-
mal seta and a setiform distal seta on coxa I; L. stwpkai has a setalike
proximal seta and a spinelike distal seta on coxa I.

So far as we can determine, this is only the third report of a Laelaps
species from Synaptomys cooperi. Wilson (1957) and Whitaker and
Wilson (1968) previously recorded Laelaps alaskensis Grant from
Synaptomys in Indiana. Laelaps alaskensis differs from L. stupkai in
possessing about 16 pairs of setae on the soft integument of the venter,
versus 11 pairs in stupkai.

We thank Dr. Preston Hunter, University of Georgia, for assistance
with this description.

REFERENCES

Tipton, Vernon C. 1960. The genus Laelaps, with a review of the Laelaptinae
and a new subfamily Alphalaelaptinae (Acarina: Laelaptidae). Univ. Calif.
Pub. Ent. 16(6):233-356. Univ. of Cal. Press (Berkeley and Los Angeles).

Whitaker, J. O., Jr. and N. Wilson. 1968. Mites of small mammals of Vigo
County, Indiana. Amer. Midl. Nat. 80(2):537-542.

Wilson, N. 1957. Some ectoparasites from Indiana mammals. J. Mammal.
38 (2) :281-282.

PROG. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971 All

SYNONYMIES AND COMBINATIONS FOR MEXICAN SOLDIER FLIES
(DipTERA: STRATIOMYIDAE )!

M. W. McFavpen, Department of Entomology, Washington State University,
Pullman, Washington 99163

ABSTRACT—Synonymies and new combinations are given for 16 species of
soldier flies from Mexico.

The following notes are based on types examined during a recent
visit to the following institutions in Europe: British Museum (Natural
History ), London, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Museo
ed Instituto di Zoologia Sistematica dell Universita di Torino, Torino,
Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna and the Universitetets Zoologiske
Museum, Copenhagen.

Detailed notes on types located in these institutions and lectotype
designations will be made in other papers (McFadden, in press, A, B, &

C). The purpose of the present paper is to provide a list of the pro-
posed changes in synonymy and generic transfers to insure their avail-
ability for inclusion in the catalog of the Diptera of South America,
Family Stratiomyidae, which is being prepared by Dr. M. T. James.

Acanthina inornata Williston, 1900:249 = Artemita nana (Bellardi), 1862:9. New
synonymy.

Chrysochroma latifrons Williston, 1900:234 = Microchrysa latifrons (Williston).
New combination.
Chrysochroma pulchra Williston, 1900:233 = Sargus nigrifemoratus (Macquart),
1847:47 (= Himantoloba nigrifemorata, New combination ); New synonymy.
Chrysonotus aeneiventris Giglio-Tos, 1892:25 = Himantoloba flavopilosa (Bigot),
1879:227. New synonymy.

Cyphomyia bequaerti James, 1938:198 = Cyphomyia simplex Walker, 1860:268.
New synonymy.

Dieuryneura obscura (Coquillett), 1902:98 = Clitellaria stigma Giglio-Tos, 1891:2
(= Dieuryneura stigma Giglio-Tos, New combination ); New synonymy.

Histiodroma flaveola Bigot, 1879:205 = Acrochaeta fasciata Wiedemann, 1830:42.
New synonymy.

Macrosargus smaragdiferus Bigot, 1879:226 = Merosargus smaragdiferus (Bigot).
New combination.

Odonthomyia affinis Bellardi, 1859:35 = Hedriodiscus euchlorus (Gerstaecker ),
1857 :328. New synonymy.

Odonthomyia femorata Bellardi, 1859:37 = Odonthomyia quadrimaculata Bellardi,
1859:37 (= Labostigmina quadrimaculata, New combination ); New synonymy.

1 Scientific paper 3591, College of Agriculture, Washington State University.
Work was conducted under Project 1939. The author is indebted to the National
Science Foundation Grant GB 15774 and a personal grant from the American
Philosophical Society for partial financial support of this project.

412 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971

Odontomyia flavifasciata Macquart, 1849:357 = Hedriodiscus lefebvrei (Mac-
quart), 1838:189. New synonymy.

Ptecticus trivittatus Giglio-Tos, 1891:3 (not Say, 1829) = Ptecticus gigliotosi
McFadden. New name.

Sargus sallei Bellardi, 1859:43 = Sargus coarctatus Macquart, 1838:203 = Sargus
notatus Wiedemann, 1830:34 = Sargus fasciatus Fabricius, 1805:259. New
synonymy.

Sargus splendens Bigot, 1879:224 = Sargus aureus Bellardi, 1859:42 = Sargus
speciosus Macquart, 1846:56. New synonymy.

Stratiomys gerstaeckeri Bellardi, 1859:31 = Stratiomys subalba Walker, 1854:43 =
Stratiomys fasciata (Fabricius), 1805:81 (= Hoplitimyia fasciata (Fabricius ),
New combination ); New synonymy.

Stratiomys pinguis Walker, 1860:270 = Stratiomys constricta Walker, 1860:269.
New synonymy.

REFERENCES

Aldrich, J. M. 1905. <A catalog of North American Diptera. Smithsn. Inst.,
Smithsn. Misc. Collect. 46(2[= pub. 1444] ): 1-680.

Bellardi, L. 1859. Saggio di ditterologia messicana. Parte I. Pt. I, 80 pp., 2 pls.
Torino.

1862. Saggio di ditterologia messicana. Appendice. App., 28 pp.,
1 pl. Torino.

Bigot, J. M. F. 1879. Diptéres nouveaux ou peu connus. 11° partie, XVI; Curiae
Xylophagidarum et Stratiomydarum (Bigot). Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ser. 5,
9:183—234.

Coquillett, D. W. 1902. New Diptera from North America. Proc. U. S. Natl.
Mus. (1903) 25:83-126.

Fabricius, J. C. 1805. Systema antliatorum secundum ordines, genera, species.
373 pp. + 30 pp. Brunsvigae [= Brunswick].

Gerstaecker, A. 1857. Beitrag zur Kenntniss exotischer Stratiomyiden. Linnaea
Ent. 11:261-350, pl. 3.

Giglio-Tos, E. 1891. Nuove specie di Ditteri del Museo Zoologico di Torino. V.
[Turin Univ.] Bol. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. 6( 102) :1—4.

1892. Ditteri del Messico. Pt. I, 72 pp., 1 pl. Torino.

James, M.T. 1938. New and little known Neotropical Stratiomyidae (Diptera).
Rev. Ent. 8:196—203.

Kertész, K. 1908. Catalogus dipterorum hucusque descriptorum. Vol. 3, 367
pp. Lipsiae, Budapestini [= Leipsig, Budapest].

Macquart, P. J. M. 1838. Diptéres exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. Vol. 1,
Pt. 1, pp. 5-221, 25 pls., Paris.

1846. Diptéres exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. Supplément
[1], pp. 5-238, 20 pls., Paris.

1847. Diptéres exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. 2° supplément.
Mem. Soc. Roy. Sci. Agr. Arts, Lille, 1846:21—120, 6 pls.

1850. Dipteéres exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. 4° supplément
[part]. Mem. Soc. Sci. Agr. Arts, Lille, 1849:309—465 (text), 466-479 (explana-
tion of figs., index ), pls. 1-14.

McFadden, M. W. in press A. Lectotype Designations for Mexican Soldier Flies

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971 A413

Located in European Collections (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Part I. British
Museum ( Natural History ), London.
in press B. Lectotype Designations for Mexican Soldier Flies Lo-
cated in European Collections (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Part II. Museo ed
Instituto di Zoologia Sistematica dell Universita di Torina, Torino.
in press C. Lectotype Designations for Mexican Soldier Flies Lo-
cated in European Collections (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Part IJ. Museum
National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna. Uni-
versitetets Zoologiske Museum, Copenhagen.
Walker, F. 1854. List of the specimens of dipterous insects in the collection of
the British Museum. Vol. 5: Supplement I, pp. 1-330, 2 figs. London.
1860. Characters of undescribed Diptera in the collection of W. W.
Saunders. Trans. Ent. Soc. London, N. Ser. 5:268-296.
Wiedemann, C. R. W. 1830. Aussereuropiische zweifliigelige Insekten. Vol. 2,
xii + 684 pp., 5 pls. Hamm.
Williston, S. W. 1900. Supplement [part]. Pp. 230-252, pl. 4, Figs. 7-19a. In
Godman, F. D., and Salvin, O., eds., Biologia Centrali-Americana [q.v.]. Zoolo-
gia-Insecta-Diptera, Vol. 1, 378 pp., 6 pls. London.

KEYS TO THE FAMILIES AND SUBFAMILIES OF THE NYMPHS
OF NORTH AMERICAN HEMIPTERA-HETEROPTERA

RussELL M. DeCoursey, Biological Sciences Group, University of Connecticut,
Storrs, Connecticut 06268

ABSTRACT—Keys to nymphs of families and subfamilies of North American
Hemiptera-Heteroptera are presented with 23 figures.

The present paper attempts to provide usable keys to nymphs for
the families and subfamilies of North American Heteroptera-Hemiptera.
It should be realized that in constructing keys to nymphs that the
investigator is often handicapped by not having available representa-
tion of many genera and species. While material for most families has
been reasonably adequate, material from the southern and western
states has been relatively limited. The genera and sometimes species
upon which the following keys are based are indicated in parentheses
in the appropriate key couplet. These genera indicate that at least
one species in the genus has been studied. Ordinarily a representative
number of species were studied.

The keys are designed primarily for use with fifth and fourth instar
nymphs, but it is hoped that they will frequently be effective with
earlier instars.

In a few cases, specimens from foreign countries were used where
native specimens were unavailable. Exotic species are so indicated.

414

10.

Ie

13.

14.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971

Key To FAMILIES

Antennae usually concealed (except in Ochteridae), shorter than head;
aquatic and: Semiia Gat Gps =e ee ene eee ae ee eee ee ee ee eee 2

Antennae exposed, longer than head; terrestrial and semiaquatic —_... 9

Head overlapping anterior margin of pronotum; labium short, apparently
unsegmented; fore tarsi flattened, palaeform. (Figs. 1 & 2) Water

boatmen (Hesperocorixa, Trichocorixa, Cymatia) Corixidae
Head inserted into pronotum; labium 3- or 4-segmented; fore tarsi not
Palaehorana, oi acai Ao, Be Peale are ae Be dpe oak a ne A ee 3

One pair of widely separated abdominal scent gland openings present be-
tween second and third terga; fore tarsi reduced and without claws.

Creeping water bugs (Pelocoris, Ambrysus) ______----_----------- Naucoridae
Dorsal abdominal scent gland openings absent — = 4
Hind tarsi without distinct claws; hind legs longer, resembling oars; poste-

rior tibiae flattened. Backswimmers (Notonecta, Buenoa) —— Notonectidae
Hind tarsi with two distinct claws; hind legs shorter, not resembling oars;

posterior tibiae not flattenedit = 2k eras 3) is eee eee 5
Oval, highly convex forms, 2 mm or less in length bee Pleidae
Elongate or flattened forms, larger, 3-10 mm in length ——__-_--_----___----_. 6
Abdomen bearing a cylindrical, caudal, respiratory siphon. Waterscor-

LOUIS CUCTUE NCE MIN C172) eee ean Nepidae
Abdomen without a caudal respiratory siphon, or if present, it is short and

1 Ee Poaceae eee Sar ek A BST Re ar RIE Y 2 elas Pea os ee ri
Labium elongate, slender, reaching hind coxae; fore legs not raptorial.

Small shore bugs. Length 2146-3 mm (Ochterus) Ochteridae

Labium short, stout, reaching caudad only to fore tarsi; fore legs raptorial 8
Hind tibiae and tarsi with fringe of long swimming setae; eyes laterally

protuberant. Giant water bugs (Lethocerus, Belostoma) — Belostomatidae
Hind tibiae and tarsi without fringe of long, swimming setae; eyes dorsally

protuberant. Toad bugs (Gelastocoris, Nerthra) — Gelastocoridae
Glaws™preapical 1 2s BAIR OER Pa eee ee eee 10
Claws: apical 3 i Wah ae et Bee 2 a ee ond SEs ee en un

Distance between fore and middle coxae greater than length of labium.
Water striders (Gerris, Metrobates, Rheumatobates, Halobates) —_ Gerridae

Distance between fore and middle coxae less than length of labium. Broad-
shouldered water striders and ripple bugs (Rhagovelia, Microvelia,

VGH): ance 2 Wee 0 Ae SA Ge EL TOT SOS OE Veliidae
Prosternum with a cross-striated median groove for the reception of the

tip of the labium. «(Fig=4))) Assassim bugs; ee Reduviidae
Prosternum without cross-striated median groove 12
With less than three paired abdominal scent gland openings —..---__-___ 13
With three or four paired abdominal scent gland openings —_._____- 31

Without or with only one scent gland opening in intersegmental suture be-
tween abdominal terga __

With two scent gland openings in intersegmental sutures between abdom-
IMAlwter Gass st) a ei 8 ree 22,

Antennal or genal combs (Ctenidia) of stiff, thick setae present; eyes

15.

16.

IW

18.

19,

20.

23%

24.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971 A415

absent. (Figs. 19 and 22) Bat bugs. (Ectoparasites of tropical and

Subtropical bats) —(Hesperoctenes) 9 Polyctenidae
Antennal or genal combs absent; eyes present -___......-....------------------------------- 15
Head as long as entire thorax; eyes located about midlength of head. Water

MIGASURETS VUAUATOMELTE)) 22 222 OS ee Se Hydrometridae
Head shorter than thorax; eyes located at base of head 16
A single median, dorsal abdominal scent gland opening present —— Li
Two dorsal scent gland openings side by side __......_...-__-____________- 18

Underside of head with prominent groove between the bucculae; body
covered with a velvety setaceous pile; femora and tibiae lacking strong,
black setae; length 1.5-2 mm. Velvet water bugs (Hebrus, Merragata)
ecg ese ee SOO SN acne ee res acento es T Hebridae

Head without a groove between the bucculae; body not covered with velvet
pile; femora and tibiae with sparse but strong black setae. Water

treaclersn @VlCSOUCIIG) pers sg Mesoveliidae
Malorne segmented: see oe se 8 th 19
abrompappeanny o-segmented) 2.25 52 =. se 20

Fore tibiae enlarged, widest at distal end; head elongate with constriction
behind eyes. (Fig. 5) Unique-headed bugs (Systelloderes)

eas oe nnegrr a ab emma bees Mes 8 i Enicocephalidae
Fore tibiae not enlarged apically; head not elongate, lacking a constriction
belindutheseyessmblantiougs 55 8 8 Miridae

Abdominal scent gland, if present, opening between terga 6 and 7; eyes
extending backward over anterior angles of pronotum; length 1.5—2 mm.
(Fig. 21) Jumping ground bugs (Probably Humpatanannus, South

PNis Cag) peeenenen tt ears SELES AES oe ce eS Schizopteridae
Scent gland openings between terga 3 and 4; (Fig. 9) eyes not extending
backward over anterior angles of pronotum ______._________»__-=__ 21
Fore femora possessing strong spines; labium short, stout, setaceous, not
reaching hind coxae (Valleriola) South Africa Leptopodidae
Fore femora without strong spines; labium long, slender, reaching hind
coxae and notysetaceouss Shore bugs —... 9 Saldidae
Dorsal abdominal scent glands opening between terga 3 and 4 and between
CAS ATA Cll pee tae eo Be ey a ed Ee 93
Dorsal scent glands opening between abdominal terga 4 and 5 and between
yee lM) ee cme ee ce Ue ee ee OH
Juga considerably exceeding tylus; bucculae reduced. Ash-gray leaf bugs
(Ricca) eee ew eee... eee Piesmatidae
Tylus exceeding juga, or the two subequal; bucculae not reduced —.__- 24
Abdominal scent gland openings about half as far apart as the width of the
IMLETOE alsa Come sais. eee en Lygaeidae (in part)
Abdominal scent gland openings close together, less than half the width
Olsthemimnteroculanignace 2: as 8. fs 2 ee ee eee 25
’ Body spinous, scent gland areas large, evident. Lace Bugs (Corythucha,
STIG ILS) mre tencre ee 2 Yo oR Oe e e Tingidae
Body without spines; scent gland areas minute ______-__________ 26

Antennae longer than body and clavate; hind legs slender, longer than
length of abdomen; femora slightly enlarged distally; length 7-10 mm.

416 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971

1 e ;

Fic. 1. Head of Hesperocorixa, Corixinae
cations. Fig. 2. Flat, palaeform fore tarsis of Corixidae. Fig. 3. Mesotarsis of
Rhagovelia, Veliidae, with cleft containing plumose setae. Fig. 4. Head of Sir-
thenia, Reduviidae, illustrating prosternal, cross-striated, median groove. Fig. 5.

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

32.

33.

34.

35.

<

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971 Al7

Sult bugs (Neides. Berytinus, Jalysus) = Berytidae
Antennae not longer than body and not clavate; hind legs shorter than
length of abdomen; length 2mm. (Fig. 20) Royal Palm bugs (Xylasto-

CLC RSH AS Set Ns =< Eee ee Thaumastocoridae
Labium 3-segmented; fore tarsi concealed in tibial groove or absent; tibiae
curved in apposition to the enlarged femora. (Fig. 7) Ambush bugs
(CRRyiiiti a) meee Sse oS ee Phymatidae
Labium 4-segmented; fore tarsi well developed and not concealed in
ahve Cone CYORRS juts ie: POR tate hie, 8 een’ 2a as eeee mene 28
Antennae inserted below a hypothetical line extending from the middle of
the eye to the anterior end of the bucculae — Lygaeidae (in part)
Antennae inserted above such a line as indicated above —---__---____-----_-- 29
Posterior border of fifth abdominal tergite sinuate, the tergite constricted
between the two scent gland openings. (Fig. 10) Rhopalidae
Posterior border of fifth abdominal tergite straight, the tergite not con-
Sil CLEC Gueemnnnn ert ete ee PEs ee ee eee 30
Head not as wide as posterior width of pronotum; bucculae long, extending
posteriorly, beyond bases of antennae Coreidae
Head as wide as pronotum; bucculae short, not extending posteriorly be-
WOUGeDASesy ObranbeNnniae ef 2S et es ee Alydidae
abiumeapparentlyo-seemented. 32
iabium—estseemented.-se 2. = 30k ee Soe eee 34

With four scent gland openings between abdominal terga 3-4, 4-5, 5-6
and 6-7; head somewhat conical. Length 1-2 mm. (Fig. 6) Jumping
ground bugs (Cryptostemma, Ceratocombus) Dipsocoridae

With three dorsal abdominal scent gland openings —. === 33

Wing pads not present even in later instars; lateral anterior border of pro-
notum prolonged anteriorly on either side of base of head. Length of
fifth stage nymph 5-6 mm. Bed bugs (Cimex) —_----------- Cimicidae

Wing pads present in later instars; pronotum not prolonged anteriorly on
either side of base of head. Minute pirate bugs (Orius, Anthocoris,
Tetraphleps, Elatophilus, Acompocoris, Melanocoris, Asthenidea, Xylo-
CON1S)) ee Loe Fd ee Anthocoridae

Labium long, slender, arising from anterior part of head; not located in a
rostral groove in the gular region; antennal segments long, slender. Dam-

SED OSaUNGDISWEAP US) 8 ne ee Nabidae
Labium short, stocky, located in a rostral groove in the gular region; An-
uel Gecierms: Savers dette eave] Se 35

Labium not reaching mesocoxae; head wide, flat; body heavily sclerotized
and flattened; dark brown or dull colored black bugs living under bark;

Systelloderes, Enicocephalidae. Fig. 6. Ceratocombus, Dipsocoridae, Fig. 7. Fore-
leg of Phymata, Phymatidae. Fig. 8. Head of Neides, Berytidae. Fig. 9. Abdomen
of Pentacora, Saldidae. Fig. 10. Abdomen of Arhyssus, Rhopalidae. Fig. 11. Tarsal
claws of Miridae: A, Halticus, Orthotylinae; B, Stenodema, Mirinae; C, Phytocoris,
Mirinae; D, Deraeocoris, Deraeocorinae; E, Fulvius, Cylapinae; F, Criocoris,
Phylinae; G, Monalocoris, Bryocorinae.

418

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971

12 13

LYGAEIDAE LARGIDAE PYRRHOCORIDAE PENTATOMIDAE

A B c Y
14
AMNESTUS CYDNUS SEHIRUS
3 sel
4 a!
JY 5 ;
(ayes
e 8 fy
7 Sees!
——
»”

16

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971 419

no lateral abdominal trichobothria present. Flat bugs (Aradus, Mezira,

PATICTUR IS) Mate ees: Pes Pk a Rs ee ae Aradidae
Labium reaching mesocoxae or longer; head and body not flattened; lateral
lolomminall {wakelnveloordainiel jorewome ae 36

36. Trichobothria of 5th abdominal sternite arranged in a longitudinal row of
three, mesad of spiracle on either side of sternite. (Fig. 14 B) Brightly

colored metallietblue (Largus)- 24... 2 a ee Largidae
Trichobothria of 5th abdominal sternite not so arranged; body not metallic
slit: @ollOyhy va 4 eos ee RICE eee ee we Ot See 37

37. Trichobothria on 5th abdominal sternite arranged in transverse row of
three, anterior to spiracle on either side of sternite. (Fig. 14 C) Nymphs
commonly red in color. Red bugs and cotton stainers (Dysdercus) —
CT ee eee eee eee Ok Pyrrhocoridae

Trichobothria on 5th abdominal sternite not arranged in rows of three —__ 38

38. Abdomen with lateral abdominal plates; abdomen flattened, wider than
thorax; one or two trichobothria arranged close to spiracle; sutures be-
tween abdominal sterna not curved anteriorly; all spiracles ventral — 39

Abdomen without lateral plates; abdomen not flattened or greatly wider
than thorax; trichobothria on 5th abdominal sternite arranged in groups
of three, mediad of spiracle. (Fig. 14 A) Suture between sterna 4 and 5
curving anteriorly and not reaching lateral margin, or if not curved, then
SDikACleshC Orsalpeeesnmasecmee Vc, NIE) 2 Se ee Lygaeidae (in part)

39. Openings of anterior scent glands not distinctly wider than those of suc-
ceeding glands except in Acanthosominae (Elasmucha). Ventral plate of
prothorax not expanded and recurved medially 40

Openings of anterior dorsal abdominal scent glands wider (farther apart)
than those of succeeding glands. Ventral plate of prothorax expanded
and recurved medially (Also considered by some to be a subfamily of
themebentatomidaey) a tee sue 2 Fi ER ee POSE Scutelleridae

40. Anterior scent gland mediodorsal ae more narrow in anterior-posterior
axisatiam seconadsscent Gland plate =. ke Pentatomidae

Anterior scent gland mediodorsal plate about the same anterior-posterior
widtheasiseconaiscent.gland plate 22 >... ee Al

41. Area of non-punctate cuticula located immediately behind eyes on ventral
surface of head. Anterior tibiae cylindrical with long slender setae
(Allocoris, Corimelaena, Galgupha) _......---_-_»_- Thyreocoridae

<_

Fic. 12. Aradus, Aradidae. Fig. 13. Mezira, Aradidae. (Figs. 12 and 13
redrawn from Usinger and Matsuda, 1959. Courtesy of “The Trustees, British Mu-
seum, Natural History.”) Fig. 14. Chart showing position of trichobothria (solid
circles ) in relation to spiracles (open circles): A, most Lygaeidae; B, Largidae;
C, Pyrrhocoridae; D, Pentatomidae. (Note especially the arrangement in the 5th
abdominal sternites. After Schaefer, 1966.) Fig. 15. Foreleg of Amnestus, Cyd-
nidae. Fig. 16. Abdominal segments in the Cydnidae showing position of tricho-
bothria in relation to spiracles: A, Ammestus; B, Cydnus; C, Sehirus. (After
Froeschner, 1960.) Fig. 17. The recurved location of the anterior abdominal
scent gland opening in the Pachycorinae, Scutelleridae. Fig. 18. The location of
the anterior abdominal scent gland openings in the Eurygasterinae, Scutelleridae.

420) PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971

Fic. 19. Hesperoctenes, Polyctenidae, ventral view of penultimate instar show-
ing genal comb. Fig. 20. Xylastodoris, Thaumastocoridae. Fig. 21. Humpatanan-
nus, Schizopteridae (South Africa). Fig. 22. Hesperoctenes, Polyctenidae, antennal
comb of antepenultimate instar. (After Ferris and Usinger, 1939.) Fig. 23.
Mevaniomorpha, Pseudophloeinae (South Africa).

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971 421

No cuticular area behind eyes on ventral surface of head. Anterior tibiae
flattened and with short coarse spines. (Fig. 15) (Cydnus, Amnestus,
Sehirus) (The fore tibiae in the Sehirinae are not modified for digging )

sett ol a ast a fl rr CTR, tare ak taceelee Cydnidae

Krys TO SUBFAMILIES
CorRIxXIDAE

Labium with transverse sulcations; (Fig. 1) thick setae partially covering
mesonotum and extending along inner margin of wing pads; anterior ab-
dominal scent gland opening on tergite three, small, not well developed
GHlespenocorixtes MNChOCONIAG). 22.0). eae Corixinae

Labium lacking transverse sulcations; long thick setae on both meso- and
metanota; anterior abdominal scent gland opening well developed,
clearly double (Cymatia bonsdorffi) (Sahlberg) (Europe) —.. Cymatiinae

NAUCORIDAE
Head not deep set in anterior margin of pronotum (Pelocoris) __. Naucorinae
Head deep set into anterior margin of pronotum (Ambrysus) —.. Ambrysinae
NOTONECTIDAE

Wing pads setaceous; interocular space at vertex, wider than width of eye;
mesofemur short, thick, with short anteapical spine (Notonecta) —__
weg de a FR ae Le RS Notonectinae

Wing pads glabrous; interocular space at vertex, narrower than width of
eye in later instars; mesofemur long, slender without anteapical spine
(BY DENOYES)), ek, Se tw Ry i oT De Anisopinae

NEPIDAE

Respiratory tube longer than thorax in 5th instar; body long, cylindrical;
anterior femora long, slender; hind coxae narrowly separated ( Ranatra)
ag Ee es ET oa ee Oe ee Re Ranatrinae

Respiratory tube short, shorter than length of thorax in 5th instar; body
flat, oval; anterior femora short, stout, not much longer than tibiae; hind
coxaeuwitely separated (NEG) 22.5 et eS Nepinae

GERRIDAE

Body comparatively long and slender; inner margins of eyes concave or
Sinuateimepostenmonr malt. (Gerris)) Gerrinae
Body short, stocky; inner margins of eyes rounded, not concave or sinuate
in posterior half (Halobates, Trepobates, Metrobates, Rheumatobates )
sae aot NE ar oe EB ie So ce oc ee Halobatinae

VELIIDAE

Fourth antennal segment longest. Small forms, length 1-1.75 mm ( Micro-
(VALI) ones as ee Oe ee eee: CES ee) bee) Penn Microveliinae

Firstiantennall segment longest. Larger forms — 222 2

Mesotarsi with deep cleft containing plumose setae. Length 3.5-4 mm.

bo

6.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971

(Figs) (Rhagovelia’)e ess Saas eh ee ee ee ee Rhagoveliinae
Mesotarsi without deep cleft and without plumose setae. Length 5-5.25
mum ( Welig))" Ae tS Se el Ee ee a Ag ee Veliinae
REDUVUDAE

Fore coxae elongated, extending beyond apex of head in later instars.
Thread-legged bugs (Emesaya, Metapterus, Gardena) —__. Emesinae
Fore coxae shorter, not extending beyond apex of head 2
No dorsal scent gland openings present; second segment of labium bulbous;
labium with stiff setae projecting toward head and prothorax (Oncero-
UFOCHEMIS\) teen hark caste I ae Saicinae
Dorsal abdominal scent gland openings present; second segment of labium
not bulbous; labium not armed with stiff setae projecting toward head 3

Second antennal segment nearly twice as long as first 4
Second antennal segment shorter than first —. 2 ee 9
Anterior coxae nearly twice as long as wide; first segment of labium shorter
than second (Melanolestes, Sirthenia, Rasahus) — Piratinae
Anterior coxae about as long as wide; first segment of labium longer than
SECON GS se Seven aR Er Soe oe Ie OM ral ee ee et 5

Second segment of antennae with numerous subsegments; proximal seg-
ments of posterior tarsi about half as long as distal segments (Hamma-
COTIES) er ene aoe a eae a Hammiacerinae

Second segment of antennae not composed of numerous subsegments;
Proximal segments of posterior tarsi about one fourth as long as distal
SE RTIVE TICS Coe aa ee La aa ec ea re 6

Abdominal scent gland openings located at the anterior margins of 5th
and 6th terga. No spiracular orifices visible on mesothorax ( Rhiginia)
eon 3 Ph pa ans Wa» Se a ates Ectrichodiinae

With three abdominal scent gland openings or none; spiracular orifices
visible and well developed laterally on mesothorax i

Abdominal scent gland openings on anterior borders of 4th, 5th and 6th
terga or absent; second segment of labium usually longer than first —— 8

Abdominal scent gland openings between terga 3 and 4, and between 4 and
5; segment two of labium usually shorter than first or subequal ( Pygo-
lampis, Oncocephalus, Narvesus) —.— Stenopodinae

Abdominal scent gland openings absent; head long, extending noticeably
forward from eyes and not deflexed anteriorly; labium long, straight and
held ‘close tovhead*(iriatoma)) 22 == ae eee Triatominae

Abdominal scent gland openings present between terga 3 and 4, 4 and 5,
and 5 and 6 but sometimes small; head shorter, deflexed; labium curved
and not held close to head (Reduvius) ____-.___..--...--..... Reduviinae

Anterior tarsi reduced and depressed into a tibial groove when at rest; ante-
rior tibiae enlarged distally; head, body and legs markedly setaceous
CAO TGS) ea Harpactorinae (in part)

Anterior tarsi not reduced or depressed into tibial groove; anterior tibiae
not enlarged distally; head, body and legs not markedly setaceous (Ze-
lus, Pselliopus, Arilus, Fitchia, Sinea, Acholla) (After Fracker and Us-
inger, 1949) _ rt Be ee eld A Oe Harpactorinae (in part)

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971 423

MimIDAE

Head flattened against pronotum, broadly truncate at apex and strongly
deflexed; length 2 mm (Letaba) ? South Africa Isometopinae

Headimot tlattened) not truncate distally —.. 2 2;

Arolia thick, not bristle-like; convergent distally, arising between claws.
(Fig. 11 A,B,C) (In some dried, pinned nymphs of Mirinae, the arolia
may be essentially parallel.) (24 genera studied) _....-.------_

Arolia represented by paired, bristle-like setae 3
Suture between abdominal terga 3 and 4 with thickened margin on either
side of scent gland; large erect black setae on body and in rows on each
abdominal tergite; claws large with cleft near base. (Fig. 11D) (Derae-
DEOL S)) Eee ee Rh eR el aS eee Deraeocorinae
Suture between terga 3 and 4 on either side of scent gland not different
from other abdominal segmental sutures; body and abdominal terga not
covered with large erect black setae. Claws without cleft near base 4
Pseudarolia absent; anterior margin of pronotum flattened, collar-like; ante-
rior part of pronotum strongly convex dorsally on either side; claws long,
Slendeme Chie. AU; a QiHuiUs) 2 ee. Ne ee ee Cylapinae
Pseudarolia present, sometimes minute; anterior margin of pronotum not
collar-like, or if so, pseudarolia large and conspicuous; no convexities on
AMUTAGNE FOR VE Oe JONG VOLT) a 5
Tibiae with large erect spines in addition to shorter setae; tarsal segments
subequal in width, usually more slender than distal end of tibia. Pseuda-
rolia arising from inner margin of claw. (Fig. 11F) (Amblytylus,
Criocoris, Chlamydatus, Dicyphus, Plagiognathus) ~~ Phylinae
Tibiae without large spines; distal tarsal segments thicker than proximal
segments and as thick as the distal ends of the tibiae; pseudarolia arising
from basal surface of claw. (Fig. 11G) (Monalocoris) —— Bryocorinae

LYGAEIDAE

Suture between abdominal sterna 4 and 5 straight and reaching connexi-
vum; two pairs of scent gland pores present on dorsum of abdomen
GrarelyOne me yInOGesni) i. =< Sita ice by ce Ey ee 2

Suture between abdominal sterna 4 and 5 curving anteriorly, not reach-
ing connexivum; or, if suture straight, then three pairs of abdominal
scent gland pores (between tergites 3 & 4, 4&5, and 5 & 6. (in Heter-
ogastrinae, no actual pore present between tergites 3 & 4, but a large,
datkemsclerouzea plate is, present 2 = ee 8

Dorsal scent gland pores present between abdominal tergites 3 & 4, and 4
& 5. (rarely only one, Cymodema) (Cymus, Arphnus, Cymodema)

weet A Beth De Scat lle TT alg ane RPS nie Aes Monae ote ls aed cae Cyminae
Dorsal scent gland pores present between abdominal terga 4& 5 and5&6 3
Abdominalyspiracles 7 and 8 dorsal 3 ee 4
Abdominal) spiracles: 7 and 8 ventral’ = See 5

Each pair of dorsal scent gland pores surrounded by a distinct dibee
cular, dark, sclerotized plate; color of wing pads, solid brown ( Lygaeus,
Oncopelius)) 2 sarap tn, st te ERROR 9 Ay _ Lygaeinae

422

6.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971

Each pair of dorsal scent gland pores with at most a very thin dark ring
around each individual opening; wing pads mottled or striped (Nysius,

OE OLO TIES) a ak a ge a a ace Orsillinae
Spiracles on abdominal segments 3 and 4 dorsal; fore femora rarely incras-

Sate or armed’ Demeatiy =e a cee 6
Spiracles 3 and 4 ventral; fore femora incrassate and armed beneath if

Spiracles on abdominal segments 5 and 6 ventral; spiracle absent on 8;
sutures between abdominal terga 4 & 5 and 5 & 6 curving strongly cau-
dad from lateral margins to meson; abdominal tergum 7 narrow and un-
sclerotized. ((Geocoris, Hypozeocoris)) Geocorinae

Spiracles 5 and 6 dorsal; spiracles present on 8; sutures between abdominal
terga 4 & 5, and 5 & 6 straight, or only slightly curved caudad to the
meson; abdominal tergum 7 broad, with mesal sclerotized plate ( Blissus,
ESChmOGemts yy Ba 8 ese se ons ier ao Re reak aoe ON atew tek eee Bee ee Blissinae

Epicranial arms not meeting posteriorly, widely separated at posterior mar-
gin of head; spiracle 2 dorsal; fore femora but slightly swollen, with
one spine near apex; abdominal segment 8 unsclerotized and colored like
SEOMENt wip GTOP Mitts )) cea see a ee See ee Oxycareninae

Epicranial arms meeting posteriorly; spiracle 2 ventral; fore femora incras-
sate and armed beneath with many spines; abdominal segment 8 covered
above and below with dark, sclerotized plates (Phlegyas, Oedancala)

Ss ASN DAES TO aM SR Nee Orc Se PLONE, ee ee Pachygronthinae
All abdominal spiracles dorsal; epicranial stem absent (Kleidocerys) ——

TE ee A ee Ses Lae teeta bit tn Pee ee Ischnorhynchinae
Abdominal spiracles 5 to 8 ventral; epicranial stem present, though some-

EUINNES VET SOT URS = a a ee eet sae eh ae ga 9

Suture between abdominal sterna 4 & 5 straight, reaching connexivum. No
actual opening but a large black sclerotized spot on tergal area 3-4
(Ue (APACER eee ee ES EI EE Rt eS ae ae Heterogastrinae

Suture between sterna 4 & 5, with a few exceptions, curving anteriorly
and not reaching lateral margin, or, if suture straight, then with scent
gland openings between 3 & 4, 4 & 5, and 5 & 6. (In species with open-
ings only on terga 4 & 5, and 5 & 6, then no dark sclerotized spot on 3-4
area) (Emblethis, Heraeus, Ligyrocoris, Myodocha, Pachybrachius,
Peritrechus, Sphaerobius) (After Sweet and Slater, 1961)
Pe PR Mire SEIN eet ea ee ET i gd ae Rhyparochrominae

BERYTIDAE

Head elongate; vertex extending anteriorly in an elongated process over
tylus (Tig. 8), (NeidessBerytints i ee Neidinae

Head less elongate; vertex not extending anteriorly in an elongated process,

but small elevated processes or knobs may be present (Jalysus) —
seas cca ee a pie tt The eee Metacanthinac

RHOPALIDAE

Head greatly constricted behind eyes; lateral margin of pronotum without
a distinct notch just posterior to anterior collar (Arhyssus, Niesthrea,
iHarmostes\ Stictopleurus)) oe ee ee Rhopalinae

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971 425

Head not greatly constricted behind eyes; lateral margin of pronotum
with a distinct notch just posterior to anterior collar (Leptocoris) —_.
fovea Tee Yo AE ae gee LTE Serinethinae

CorEIDAE

Dorsal surface of head, thorax, wing pads and abdominal segments covered
with small tubercles, each bearing a short seta (Brotheolus viridis Dis-
tant), or with relatively tall tubercles bearing single setae (Mevanio-
morpha hystrix Gerstaecker), (South Africa) (Fig. 23) _. Pseudophloeinae

(Note: Euthochtha of the Coreinae will key out here. It may be separated
from the Pseudophloeinae by its expanded third antennal segment and
its large lateral spines )

Dorsal surface of head and body not covered with tubercles each bearing
aESetaguexcept ins Hatnocntha)) a2. 8 a ee 2

Hind femora strongly curved with distal half greatly enlarged; head and
body covered with dense white setae Merocorinae

Hind femora not strongly curved or greatly enlarged distally; head and
body not covered with dense white setae (Anasa, Acanthocephala,
Chariesterus, Euthochtha, Leptoglossus, Mozena, Catorhintha, Cheli-
(HEOIS\ Le eee ee ee ee ee eee Coreinae

ALYDIDAE

Hind femora armed beneath with spines; head constricted behind eyes;

juga not extending beyond tylus (Alydus) — Alydinae
Hind femora not armed beneath with spines; head not constricted behind
eyes; juga extending well beyond tylus _......--=_== 2

Juga horizontally bifid; second labial segment longer than the first and
longer than the combined length of 3rd and 4th segments; 3rd segment
very short, less than half the length of the 4th (Protenor) _. Micrelytrinae

Juga not bifid; second labial segment about subequal to first and shorter
than the combined length of the 3rd and 4th segments; the 3rd and 4th
Ssepments subequal (Stenocoris) 2... Leptocorisinae

ANTHOCORIDAE

Third and fourth segments of antennae short, thick, and as wide or wider
than segments one and two; antennal setae short; fore femora normal
(Orius, Anthocoris, Tetraphleps, Elatophilus, Acompocoris, Melanocoris )
NNN eee EI es Anthocorinae

Third and fourth segments of antennae longer and more slender than seg-
ments one and two; setae on antennal segments three and four long;
fore femora enlarged ( Asthenidea, Xylocoris) — ___ Lyctocorinae

NABIDAE

Apical collar of pronotum absent or greatly reduced; labium short and
thick-sforesfemora stout (Pagasa) 22. Prostemminae

Apical collar of pronotum well developed; labium long and slender; fore
femora longer and only moderately enlarged (Nabis) — Nabinae

426

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971

ARADIDAE

Three well developed dorsal abdominal scent gland openings between
tergites 3-4, 4-5 and 5-6. Glabrous areas mesad of lateral plates in longi-
tudinal rows, two in the outer or lateral row and one mesad in segments
367s Cig. 12) t(CArad is) pe ee eee Aradinae

One well developed dorsal abdominal scent gland opening between ter-
gites 3 and 4 but strongly displaced posteriorly except in Aneurinae. The
second gland opening poorly developed and the third obsolete. Gla-
brous areas mesad of lateral plates, in longitudinal rows, two in the outer
or lateral row and two in the mesal row in segments 3-7. (Fig. 13) 2

Labium arising from an open, oval atrium. Dorsal abdominal scent gland
opening between tergites 3 and 4 usually not displaced posteriorly or
only slightly displaced "\(Aneurus)) 2 EEE Aneurinae

Labium arising from a longitudinal cleft. Dorsal scent gland opening be-
tween abdominal tergites 3 and 4 strongly displaced posteriorly, close
to™posterior margin’ of 4th: tergite= <" 2 ee ee 3

Body surface usually covered with a pale patterned incrustation. Second
scent gland opening smaller but evident (No available specimens) —-
ESA... ecm Lee). Ot ie A LE SL Ee reds pee Carventinae

Body surface not covered with a pale patterned incrustation. Second scent
gland opening usually not well developed (Mezira) (After Usinger and
Matsuda. 1959), #5 On ee ee Mezirinae

SCUTELLERIDAE

Paired anterior abdominal scent gland openings located in posterior lateral
expansions of mediodorsal plate so that they appear strongly recurved
and lateral to the pores of the second scent gland. (Fig. 17) Ventral
abdominal plates on segments four and five with stridulatory areas ( Ho-
TMOACTNUS CCT Ci) ye eae See er ee ee ee Pachycorinae

Anterior scent gland openings located in slightly enlarged lateral expan-
sions but not strongly recurved posteriorly. (Fig. 18) Ventral abdominal
plates without stridulatory areas (Eurygaster) (After Lattin, in litt.)
aE Re oe ee eee POR Rae ne erate See eee Eurygasterinae

PENTATOMIDAE

One well-developed trichobothrium located posterior to spiracles on seg-

ments 3-7 inclusive (Amaurochrous) _.—-__--_--_---- Graphosomatinae
Two trichobothria located transversely posterior to spiracles on segments

3-7 inclusive, (Fig: 14D) 32 ee eee 2
Distance between lateral edges of anterior scent gland openings not dis-

tinctly greater than that of median and posterior scent glands —_- 3

Distance between lateral edges of anterior scent gland openings distinctly
greater than that of median and posterior scent glands (Elasmucha)
en eee ee entre Fes A! 5: Avwbe A See neh Acanthosominae

First segment of labium stout with free forward movement, only the base
imbedded between the bucculae; groove between bucculae shorter than
first segment of labium. Second segment of labium nearly as wide as the
first. (Euthyrhynchus, Stiretrus, Perillus, Apateticus, Podisus) _.. Asopinae

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971 427

First segment of labium slender, imbedded between the bucculae; groove
between bucculae as long as first segment of labium. Second segment of
labium more slender than the first (21 genera studied. See DeCoursey
avara! JNM bsyae JKC (G1S)) Se ea a RL reer alte eS Pentatominae

CYDNIDAE

1. Abdominal sternites with one trichobothrium posterior to spiracle on seg-
Mentsi = OnlyanGhigs OA) ( Ammnestis )) 2 ee oe eee Amnestinae
Abdominal sternites with two trichobothria posterior to spiracle — 2
Paired trichobothria arranged obliquely posterior to spiracle (Fig. 16B). A
row of submarginal setae or setigerous punctures on the pronotum
(CIEE IR) tn kes a Rod A Pe 8 2 Cydninae
Paired trichobothria arranged transversely posterior to spiracle. (Fig. 16C)
No submarginal setae or setigerous punctures on the pronotum ( Sehirus )
GAttersbroescumer O00) 2 eee Sehirinae

bo

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I am greatly indebted to the following individuals for their helpfulness and
generosity in contributing specimens for this study. Dr. N. H. Anderson (Oregon
State University), Dr. Paul Arnaud (California Academy of Sciences, San Fran-
cisco), Dr. Richard Baranowski (University of Florida, Sub-Tropical Experiment
Station), Dr. R. H. Cobben (Wageningen, Netherlands), Dr. R. C. Froeschner
(Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.), Drs. Paul Hurd and Jerry A. Powell
(University of California, Berkeley), Dr. John Lattin (Oregon State University ),
Prof. C. O. Reichard (Providence College, Rhode Island), Dr. Carl W. Schaefer,
Dr. Toby Schuh and Dr. James A. Slater (Biological Sciences Group, University of
Connecticut), Dr. Merrill Sweet (Texas A. & M. University), Prof. C. A. Wilson
(Mississippi State University) and Dr. P. W. Wygodzinsky (American Museum of
Natural History, New York). I am especially indebted also to Drs. James Slater and
Carl Schaefer for their kindness in offering advice and criticism and for their
willingness to read the manuscript. I am grateful also to the late Dr. R. L. Usinger
for his helpful advice and consideration.

I am also grateful to Mrs. Orley Taylor who assisted in the early days of the
study and who prepared some of the drawings. Other artists to whom appreciation
is extended are Miss Mary Hubbard, Miss Karen Stoutsenberger and Miss Patricia
Kimmich, all of the University of Connecticut.

Acknowledgment is made also to the University of Connecticut Research Founda-
tion for financial support.

REFERENCES

Anderson, N. H. 1962. Anthocoridae of the Pacific Northwest with notes on
distribution, life histories and habits. (Heteroptera) Can. Ent. 94:1325-1334.

Bailey, Norman S. 1951. The Tingoidea of New England and their biology.
Ent. Amer. 31: 1-140.

Baranowski, R. M. 1958. Notes on the biology of the royal palm bug Xylasto-
doris luteolus Barber. (Hemiptera Thaumastocoridae) Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer.
51(6):547-551.

Carvalho, Jose C. M. 1952. On the major classification of the Miridae (Hemip-

428 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971

tera) (With keys to the subfamilies and tribes and a catalogue of the world

genera) Dos Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 24, Rio de Janeiro.
China, W. E. and N. C. E. Miller. 1959. Check list and keys to the families and

subfamilies of the Hemiptera-Heteroptera. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent.

8(1):1-45.
Chu, H. F. 1949. How to know the immature insects. Wm. C. Brown Co. 234
pp.

DeCoursey, R. M. and Richard C. Allen. 1968. A generic key to the nymphs of
the Pentatomidae of the Eastern United States. (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). Univ.
of Connecticut, Occasional Papers 1(3):141—151.

Drake, C. J. and J. A. Slater. 1957. The phylogeny and systematics of the fam-
ily Thaumastocoridae (Hemiptera-Heteroptera) Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 50(4):
353-370.

Emsley, Michael G. 1969. The Schizopteridae (Hemiptera-Heteroptera) with
the description of a new species from Trinidad. Mem. Amer. Ent. Soc. 25.

Ferris, G. F. and R. L. Usinger. 1939. The family Polyctenidae (Hemiptera-
Heteroptera) Microentomology 4:1—50.

Fracker, S. B. and R. L. Usinger. 1949. The generic identification of nearctic
Reduviid nymphs (Hemiptera) Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 42(3):273-278.

Froeschner, R. C. 1960. Cydnidae of the Western Hemisphere. Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus. 111:337-680.

Hart, C. A. 1919. The Pentatomoidea of Illinois with keys to the Nearctic
genera. Bull. Ill. Nat. Hist. Sur. 13(7):156-223.

Hungerford, H. B. 1919. The biology and ecology of aquatic and semi-aquatic
Hemiptera. Kan. Univ. Sci. Bull. 11:3-341.

Jordan, K. H. €. 1951. Bestimmungstabellen der familien von Wanzenlarven.
Zool. Anzeiger 147:24—31.

Knight, Harry H. 1941. The plant bugs or Miridae of Illinois. Bull. Ill. Nat.
Hist. Sur. 22(1):1-234.

1968. Taxonomic Review: Miridae of the Nevada Test Site and the
Western United States. Brigham Young Univ. Sci. Bull. Biol. Series 9(3): 1-282.

Lawson, Fred A. 1959. Identification of the nymphs of common families of
Hemiptera. J. Kan. Ent. Soc. 32:88-92.

Leston, D. and G. G. E. Scudder. 1956. A key to the larvae of the families of
British Hemiptera-Heteroptera. Entomologist 89:223-231.

Readio, P. A. 1927. Biology of the Reduviidae of America north of Mexico.
Kan. Univ. Sci. Bull. 17:1—291.

Schaefer, Carl W. 1966. Some notes on Heteropteran trichobothria. Mich. Ent.
1(3):85-90.

Slater, James A. 1951. A key to the nymphs of midwestern Lygaeidae (Hemip-
tera-Heteroptera) Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc. 46(2) :42—48.

Stys, Pavel. 1959. The 5’th stage nymph of Ceratocombus. (Ceratocombus
coleoptratus Zetterstedt 1819) and notes on the morphology and systematics of
Dipsocoridae (Heteroptera). Acta Ent. Mus. Nat. Prague 33:377-388.

Sweet, M. H. and J. A. Slater. 1961. A generic key to the nymphs of North
American Lygaeidae (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 54:
333-340.

Usinger, R. L. and R. Matsuda. 1959. Classification of the Aradidae (Hemip-
tera-Heteroptera ) British Museum (Nat. Hist.) London.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971 A429

THE NAME TETRASTICHUS INCERTUS (RATZEBURG) AS EMPLOYED
FOR AN INTRODUCED PARASITE OF THE ALFALFA WEEVIL,
HYPERA POSTICA (GYLLENHAL)

(HyMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE )

B. D. Burks, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service,
U.S. Department of Agriculture

ABSTRACT—A defense of the use of the name Tetrastichus incertus (Ratzeburg)
for an imported parasite of the alfalfa weevil in North America is presented.

In his Notes on Tetrastichini, Kurdjumoy (1913) briefly recharacter-
ized Eulophus incertus Ratzeburg and transferred it to the genus Tetra-
stichus. It is known that Kurdjumov studied the Ratzeburg collection,
but it is not known that he saw the type of the species incertus. It is
probable that he did, but it is not certainly so.

In 1922 a Tetrastichus parasite of the alfalfa weevil was collected
in Italy for importation into the United States. Specimens of it were
submitted to A. B. Gahan, and he, using Kurdjumov’s paper and Ratze-
burg’s original description, identified it as T. incertus (Ratzeburg).
Part of this original series is still in the U. S. National Museum collec-
tion. Mr. Gahan himself studied the Ratzeburg collection in 1927, but
by then the type of incertus was missing. He continued to identify
this parasite of the alfalfa weevil as incertus Ratzeburg in subsequent
lots, and sample specimens from most of these are preserved in the
U. S. N. M. collection. After Mr. Gahan’s retirement in 1951, other
taxonomists continued to apply the name incertus to this parasite, in
almost all cases retaining specimens for the collection. This has con-
tinued up to the present. Consequently the usage of the name incertus
in North America is thoroughly documented by reference material in
the U.S. N. M. The name certainly has been applied to only one species
in North America.

During the time since its introduction into North America, the name
incertus has been used consistently in North American publications
for the same parasite of the alfalfa weevil. This has been in literature
published from 1924 (Chamberlin) to the present (Horn 1970, Mail-
loux and Pilon 1970).

The taxonomy of this species has, however, become confused. Erdo6s
(1954) redefined the species he identified as incertus Ratzeburg and
designated it type-species of the genus Baryscapus Foerster. The latter
action was, of course, invalid since another species had long since been

1 Mail address: c/o U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. 20560.

430 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971

legitimately designated type-species of Baryscapus (Gahan and Fagan
1923). Nevertheless, the characters Erdos gave for the species incertus
are in agreement with those of the male of the species that is being
identified as incertus in North America. There is no conflict here about
the identity of the species incertus Ratzeburg. There is material of
incertus determined by Erdos in the U. S. National Museum.

Domenichini (1965), however, attempted to make a distinction be-
tween the incertus of Ratzeburg and incertus of Erdos. He declared
that incertus Ratzeburg was a nomen dubium. He did this because the
type was lost, the original description was brief, and the name, in his
opinion, had probably been applied to diverse species by North Amer-
ican authors.

He then declared that incertus of Erdés was a “good species” and
renamed it Tetrastichus erdoesi Domenichini. This name is nomen-
clatorially available through having a bibliographic reference to
Erdos’s paper. But the incertus of Erdos is only the male of the species
that is being identified as incertus in North America. In a later pub-
lication, Domenichini (1966) rejected all usage of incertus, stating
that incertus Ratzeburg was not the incertus of American authors nor of
Erdos. Yet it cannot be demonstrated that incertus has been misidenti-
fied by either the American authors or Erdés. The species called
incertus by Kurdjumov, by Mr. Gahan and other American taxonomists,
and by Erdés is in fact the same species, and it certainly agrees with the
original description and with specimens from Germany that are in the
U. S. National Museum. Further, Kurdjumov’s characterization may
have been based on a study of the type. At any rate Kurdjumovss char-
acterization of the species incertus has been followed consistently from
1913 to the present, and a large volume of literature has accumulated
using this name.

Domenichini’s other reasons for rejecting the name incertus are not
serious objections. The fact that a type is missing is not enough in
itself to cause a species name to be discarded. Thousands of species
for which no types exist are now being recognized. Brevity in a descrip-
tion is, also, not a legitimate reason for rejecting a species name. The
descriptions of many well known species are extremely short. And it
cannot be demonstrated that the name incertus has been applied to
diverse species, at least during the last 50 years here in North America.
The name incertus has been applied to only one species, with that
usage abundantly documented by preserved specimens.

In view of the fact that the name Tetrastichus incertus (Ratzeburg )
is in agreement with the original description and has been consistently
applied to a single species of parasite of the alfalfa weevil in North
America for a period of almost half a century and that this name has
been used in publications on biological control of the alfalfa weevil for

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971 431

almost as long a period, North American workers should not abandon
it. Instead they should consider T. erdoesi Domenichini a synonym.

REFERENCES

Burks, B. D. 1943. The North American parasitic wasps of the genus Tetra-
stichus. Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus. 93:505—-608.

Chamberlin, T. R. 1924. Studies of the parasites of the alfalfa weevil in
Europe. J. Econ. Ent. 17:623-632.

Domenichini, G. 1965. I Tetrastichini. Bol. Zool. Agr. Bach., ser. 2, 6:61—204.

1966. Palearctic Tetrastichinae. Index Entomophagous Ins., Le

Francois, Paris. 101 pp.

Erdos, J. 1954. Eulophidae hungaricae indescriptae. Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat.
Hung., n. s., 5:323-366.

Gahan, A. B. and Margaret M. Fagan. 1923. The type-species of the genera of
Chalcidoidea or chalcid-flies. Bull. 124 U. S. Natl. Mus., 173 pp.

Horn, D. J. 1970. Oviposition behavior of Tetrastichus incertus, a parasite of
the alfalfa weevil. J. Econ. Ent. 63:303-304.

Kurdjumov, N. B. 1913. Notes on Tetrastichini. Russk. Ent. Obozr. 13:243-
256.

Mailloux, G. and J.-G. Pilon. 1970. Tetrastichus incertus (Ratzeburg), (Hy-
menoptera: Eulophidae), au Québec. Ann. Soc. Ent. Québec 15:123-127.

AN ANNOTATED CHECK LIST OF COSTA RICAN COCKROACHES
(DicryopTERA: BLATTARIA )

FRANK W. Fisk, Department of Entomology, Ohio State University,
Columbus, Ohio 43210

ABSTRACT—This check list of Costa Rican cockroaches gives specific locality
records for all but the most abundant species. It also notes, for most collection
records, where the actual specimens are housed. Twenty-nine species are recorded
for Costa Rica for the first time. The total list includes 115 named species or
subspecies plus 35 new or unidentified species which are not named.

Recent interest in the fauna and flora of Costa Rica, stimulated in
part by the activities of the Organization for Tropical Studies, has
made the publication of taxonomic studies relating to that Central
American country particularly desirable. Previous to the present paper
the most recent listing of Costa Rican cockroaches was included in the
notes on Orthoptera by Rehn (1905), in which 38 species were recorded.
In an earlier report Biolley (1900) listed 35 valid species, a remarkable
increase over the 12 cockroach species noted by Tristan (1896).

432 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971

The objective of this listing is to provide locality data for all species
of cockroaches collected in Costa Rica. This information was derived
from both searching the literature and examining material at the U. S.
National Museum (USNM), the Academy of Natural Sciences Phila-
delphia (ANSP), the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology
(UMMZ) and certain private collections. Where a given species has
been recorded more than once from the same locality only a single
listing has been selected to represent that locality in order to avoid
duplication. Localities are arranged according to province. The 7
provinces are noted by 4-letter symbols as follows: ALAJ—Alajuela,
CART—Cartago, GCTE—Guanacaste, HERD—Heredia, LIMN—Li-
mon, PUNT—Puntarenas and SJOS—San Jose. Collection dates are
noted by month and year where possible. Lack of a date indicates an
old record. The museum or collection where the recorded specimen
may now be found is indicated where possible. The 4-letter symbols for
these collections are listed by Armett and Samuelson (1969) with the
following additions: AWCR—Prof. Alvero Wille collection, Universi-
dad de Costa Rica; DCRC—Dr. David C. Rentz collection—now at
ANSP; FWFC—Prof. Frank W. Fisk collection, at The Ohio State
University; IEMS—Instituto Entomologia Madrid, Spain; RZCR—
Prof. Rodrigo Zeledon collection, Universidad de Costa Rica.

The locality records named in the list represent the efforts of some 50
collectors but only a relatively few persons provided most of the material.
The specimens recorded by Rehn (1903) at USNM were collected by
Schild and Burgdorf before 1900, but Rehn’s (1905) paper lists material
collected by P. Biolley and J. F. Tristan and deposited at ANSP.
J. A. G. Rehn, himself, collected in Costa Rica in the 1920’s while H. R.
Roberts has collected for ANSP more recently. The names of Cart-
wright, Underwood and C. H. Ballou appear on early USNM material,
while S. S. and W. D. Duckworth provided much recent material.
T. H. Hubbell, I. J. Cantrall and T. J. Cohn have collected for UMMZ.
Carlos E. Valerio of Costa Rica assisted the author in collecting a portion
of the FWFC material as well as providing independently captured
specimens to AWCR, FWFC and RZCR. All of the Virginia Polytech-
nic Institute (VPIC) material was collected by Prof. Michael Kosztarab.

Current names and partial synonymy for the taxa listed follow K.
Princis’ recent catalog of Blattariae (1963, 1964, 1965a, 1966, 1967,
1969). Princis lists 64 species from “Kostarika,” while 11 other species
noted by him as circumtropical, tropical or Central American are listed
below with specific Costa Rican localities. However, the arrangement
of genera and higher categories follows the McKittrick (1964) system
as extended by Roth (1969) and others. Following each species name
in the check list are listed selected references in which locality records

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971 433

will be found. If no reference is noted then the species has not pre-
viously been recorded from Costa Rica.

The assistance of Dr. Ashley B. Gurney, Systematic Entomology
Laboratory, U. S. Department of Agriculture (at U. S. National Mu-
seum) is gratefully acknowledged. His identification of several speci-
mens has made it possible to report many new records among the 115
named species. Through our joint effort one new Costa Rican species,
Xestoblatta cantralli Fisk and Gurney, has been named and we are
hopeful that several more will follow from among the 35 new or uniden-
tified species in the list. Finally, this list must increase as more material
is collected or recorded.

BLATTIDAE
LAMPROBLATTINAE

Lamproblatta albipalpus Hebard 1919.
ALAJ: Quesada 66 (FWFC). CART: Turrialba 66 (FWFC). GCTE: H.
Ciruelas I/70 (VPIC); Playa del Coco (AWCR); Tilaran 66 (FWFC).
LIMN: La Lola, near Madre de Dios 61 (UMMZ); Pto. Limon VII/66
(UMMZ). PUNT: Parrita 66 (FWFC). SJOS: San Jose 64 (FWFC).

BLATTINAE

Neostylopyga rhombifolia (Stoll 1813)—Princis (1966) “circumtropical.”
PUNT: San Isidro, near Puntarenas (RZCR); Puntarenas 66 (FWFC).

Periplaneta americana (L. 1753).—Princis (1966) “circumtropical.”
Common in urban areas.

Periplaneta australasiae (Fabricius 1775 ).—Princis (1966) “circumtropical.”
Common in urban areas.

Periplaneta brunnea Burmeister 1838.—Princis (1966) “tropical.”
GCTE: Tilaran ’64 (FWFC).

POLYZOSTERINAE: EURYCOTINI

Eurycotis biolleyi Rehn 1918.—Princis (1966).
Common.
Eurycotis mexicana (Saussure 1862) ?—Biolley (1900).—Princis (1966) “limited
to Mexico.”
SJOS: San Jose (Biolley ).
Eurycotis mysteca (Saussure 1862) ?—Biolley (1900).—Princis (1966) “limited
to Mexico.”
HERD: Rancho Flores, foothills of Volc. Barba (Biolley).
Eurycotis n. sp.
ALAJ: Chachagua 66 (FWFC); Quesada 66 (FWFC). CART: Turrialba
X/61 (UMMZ). GCTE: Tilaran 66 (FWFC). LIMN: La Emilia IX/27
(ANSP); La Lola, Madre de Dios X/61 (UMMZ). PUNT: San Vito III/69
(DERC).
Pelmatosilpha rotundata Scudder 1900.—Gurney (1965 ).—Princis (1966). GCTE:
Tilaran VI/68 (FWFC).

434 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971

POLYPHAGIDAE
HoLOCOMPSINAE

Holocompsa azteca Saussure 1862.—Biolley (1900).
SJOS: San Jose (motionless on walls: Biolley); Lourdes M. B., near San Jose
°62 (RZCR).
Holocompsa nitidula (Fabricius 1781) (= cyanea Saussure 1864 ).—Rehn (1905).—
Princis (1963) “circumtropical.”
ALAJ: Rio Surubres at San Mateo (ANSP).
Zetha simonyi (Krauss 1892), (= Holocompsa simonyi Krauss 1892), (= H.
chavesi Bolivar 1894).
SJOS: Cd. Universitaria 61 (RZCR).

LATINDIINAE

Buboblatta armata (Caudell 1914) (= Latindia armata Caudell 1914).
CART: Turrialba II/65 (USNM). HERD: La Selva 64 (UMMZ). PUNT:
San Vito II/70 (VPIC).

Latindia dohrniana Saussure & Zehntner 1894.
ALAJ: Quesada VII/66 (FWFC). GCTE: Arenal VII/66 (FWFC). SJOS:
16 Km. No. of Quepos VIII/66 (FWFC).

Paralatindia azteca (Saussure 1868 ).
ALAJ: Zarcero VII/66 (FWFC).

BLATTELLIDAE
ANAPLECTINAE

Anaplecta bivittata Brunner 1865.
CART: Turrialba III/65 (USNM). GCTE: Arenal VII/66 (FWFC).
Anaplecta fallax Saussure 1862 (= decipiens S. & Z. 1893).—Rehn (1905).—
Princis (1965a).
GCTE: Arenal VII/66 (FWFC). SJOS: La Palma (decayed leaves) (ANSP);
Rio Surubres at San Mateo (under stones) (ANSP).
Anaplecta hemiscotia Hebard 1920.
CART: Tapanti 66 (UMMZ). PUNT: San Vito III/69 (DCRC).
Anaplecta mexicana Saussure 1868.—Calvert & Calvert (1917)—Hebard (1924).—
Princis (1965a).
CART: Tapanti VII/66 (FWFC). GCTE: Arenal VII/66 (FWFC). LIMN:
La Emilia (from epiphytes) 09 (ANSP). SJOS: La Palma (ANSP).
Anaplecta mexicana subspecies gemma Hebard (= gemma Hebard 1920).
CART: Rio Navarro VII/27 (ANSP); Tapanti VII/66 (FWFC); Turrialba
II/65 (USNM). HERD: Finca Starke, near Pto. Viejo II/66 (ANSP). LIMN:
La Emilia VIII/23 (ANSP). PUNT: San Vito III/69 (DCRC).
Anaplecta sp., probably guamina Hebard 1920.
LIMN: Los Diamantes 67 (UMMZ); Pto. Limén ’66 (UMMZ).
Anaplecta sp., probably nahua Saussure 1868.
PUNT: 6 Km. So. of San Vito 67 (FWFC).
Anaplecta sp.
CART: Tapanti (AWCR). LIMN: Waldec (AWCR). SJOS: Cd. Universi-
taria (RZCR); San Pedro (AWCR).

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971 435

NYCTIBORINAE

Megaloblatta blaberoides (Walker 1871) (= rufipes Dohrn 1887).—Biolley
(1900 ).—Hebard (1920 ).—Princis ( 1967 ).
LIMN: Jimenez (Biolley); Parismina (Biolley). PUNT: San Vito III/69
(DCRC). SJOS: Guaitil de Pirris ( Biolley ).
Muzoa madida Rehn 1930.—Rehn (1930).
LIMN: La Emilia (dense forest) 27 (ANSP); Rio Reventazon, near Santa
Clara (Biolley) (ANSP).
Nyctibora azteca (Saussure & Zehntner 1893).
GCTE: Union of Rio Blanca & Rio Tempisque 60 (RZCR). SJOS: San Jose *65
(RZCR).
Nyctibora noctivaga Rehn 1902.
ALAJ: Orotina X/15, A. Alfaro (USNM). From C. R. intercepted in Plant
Quarantine, Boston, Mass. 1925 (USNM).
Nyctibora spp.
Three n. spp. from C. R. are under study at USNM.
Paratropes bilunata Saussure & Zehntner 1893.—Biolley (1900)—Hebard (1920).
—Princis (1967).
ALAJ: San Carlos. CART: Turrialba. GCTE: H. Miravalles (Biolley).
Paratropes biolleyi Saussure & Zehntner 1893.—Biolley (1900).—Rehn (1903 ).—
Princis (1967).
ALAJ: Ojo de Agua (RZCR); San Carlos (USNM). CART: Turrialba (USNM).
SJOS: San Jose (Biolley ).
Paratropes mexicana (Brunner 1865).
ALAJ: Alajuela VII/62 (AWCR).
Paratropes sp. (nymphs )
PUNT: near Rincon, Osa III/69 (DCRC).

BLATTELLINAE

Blattella germanica (L. 1767).—Rehn (1903).—Princis (1969) “cosmopolitan.”
Common in urban areas.
Chromatonotus infuscatus (Bruner 1906).
CART: Turrialba III/65 (USNM).
Ischnoptera bergrothi (Griffini 1896).—Hebard (1920).—Princis (1965b).
SJOS: Carillo VIII/03 (ANSP).
Ischnoptera inca Saussure & Zehntner 1893.—Hebard (1920).—Princis (1969).
SJOS: Conrejal de Aserri V/06 (ANSP).
Ischnoptera mirella Hebard 1920. Previously recorded only from unique male
collected in Panama ( Hebard, 1920).
CART: Turrialba II1/65 (USNM), 1 male, S. S. & W. D. Duckworth collectors.
Ischnoptera rufa debilis Hebard 1916 (= I. consobrina, var. minor Saussure 1900).
—Hebard (1916c).—Princis (1969).
CART: Corallilo, near Vole. Irazu II/24 (ANSP); Pacayas III/06 (ANSP);
Vole. Irazu 11/02 (ANSP). HERD: San Rafael IV/65 (AWCR). SJOS: San
Jose de la Montana (AWCR); Santa Maria de Dota I/07 (ANSP); Tablazo
1X/06 (ANSP).
Ischnoptera rufa occidentalis Saussure 1862 (= I. consobrina Saussure 1862 ).—He-
bard (1920).

436 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971

ALAJ: Alajuela (AWCR). CART: Cartago (AWCR); Turrialba III/65
(USNM). HERD: Heredia (AWCR). LIMN: Pto. Limén 66 (UMMZ).
SJOS: Carillo VIII/03 (ANSP); Pozo Azul on Rio Pirris (ANSP); San Jose
(AWCR); San Pedro (AWCR).

Ischnoptera rufa rufa De Geer 1773.

CART: Cartago VII/66 (UMMZ); Cerro de la Muerte (AWCR); Tapanti
VII/66 (UMMZ); Turrialba 61 (UMMZ). LIMN: La Lola VII/66 (UMMZ);
Pto. Limén 64 (FWFC). PUNT: San Vito III/70 (DCRC). SJOS: Cd. Uni-
versitaria (AWCR); San Jose (AWCR).

Ischnoptera n. sp.
CART: El Alto de Ochomogo XII/69 (USNM). PUNT: San Vito II/70
(VEIC).

Nelipophygus n. sp.
CART: Turrialba II/65 (USNM).

Nesomylacris n. sp.

CART: Santa Cruz, 13 Km NW Turrialba X/61 (UMMZ); Turrialba IX/61
(UMMZ). HERD: near Vole. Barba VII/66 (FWFC).
Pseudomops crinicornis (Burmeister 1838 )—Rehn (1903).
ALAJ: San Carlos (USNM).
Pseudomops discicollis (Burmeister 1838) (= discoidalis (Burmeister 1838) )—
Rehn (1903 ).—Princis (1969).
ALAJ: San Carlos (USNM).

Pseudomops gratus Rehn 1903.—Rehn (1903, 1905 ).—Princis (1969).

ALAJ: San Carlos (USNM). CART: Rio Reventazon, near Santa Clara
(ANSP).
LIMN: Suretka V/24 (USNM).
Pseudomops praeclarus Rehn 1928.—Rehn (1928).—Princis (1969).
ALAJ: San Mateo (USNM). CART: Turrialba (ANSP). LIMN: Batan
(Bataan) 56 (USNM); Suretka (ANSP).
Pseudomops septentrionalis Hebard 1917 (= oblongata of authors, not Linn. 1758).
—Rehn (1933 ).—Princis (1969).
ALAJ: San Carlos (USNM).
Pseudomops sp.
CART: Tapanti IX/65 (AWCR).

Xestoblatta buscki Gurney 1939
GCTE: Tilaran VII/66 (FWFC).

Xestoblatta cantralli Fisk & Gurney 1968.—Fisk & Gurney (1968 ).—Princis (1969).
CART: Turrialba ’51 (USNM). HERD: Finca La Selva 64 (UMMZ). LIMN:
La Lola, near Madre de Dios 61 (UMMZ); Los Diamantes, E. of Guapiles ’67
(UMMZ).

Xestoblatta hamata ( Giglio-Tos 1898 )

CART: Turrialba IX/61 (UMMZ).
Xestoblatta hoplites Hebard 1921.—Hebard (1921).
(1969).
ALAJ: Rio Machuca, near San Mateo 1/07 (ANSP). CART: Turrialba ’61
(UMMZ). SJOS: San Jose (AWCR). “Costa Rica” (USNM).
Xestoblatta n. sp., near hamata.
HERD: Finca La Selva 1/70 (VPIC).

Gurney (1939).—Princis

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971 437

PLECTOPTERINAE

Asemoblattana nana (Hebard 1921) (= Asemoblatta nana Hebard). Previously
recorded only from unique male collected in Colombia (Hebard 1921).
HERD: near Sacramento, Southern slope of Volc. Barba, elev. 2400 M. 1/69
(male & female FWFC) (1 male USNM), Carlos E. Valerio collector.
Cahita nahua (Saussure 1868) (= Ischnoptera nahua Saussure 1868 ).—Tristan
(1896 ).—Rehn (1937 ).—Princis (1969).
GCTE: La Cruz ’61 (UMMZ); San Antonio de Nicoya 29 (ANSP). SJOS: Rio
Tiribi, San Jose ( Tristan).

Caloblatta bicolor Saussure 1893.—Saussure & Zehntner (1893) —Princis (1965a).
CART: Tapanti (AWCR). GCTE: Belen (AWCR). SJOS: Cd. Universitaria
(AWCR); San Pedro (AWCR).

Caloblatta tricolor Saussure 1893 ?—Princis (1965a).

Questionable for Costa Rica. No locality record can be found.

Cariblatta imitans Hebard 1916.

GCTE: La Cruz X/61 (UMMZ); Tilaran VII/66 (FWFC).

Cariblatta sp., near fossicauda Hebard 1916.

SJOS: Playon, near Parrita (on bananas) VIII/66 (FWFC).

Cariblattoides sp., near instigator Rehn and Hebard 1927.

ALAJ: Quesada VII/66 (FWFC). LIMN: La Emilia IX/27 (ANSP).

Ceratinoptera nahua (Saussure 1868) (= Paraceratinoptera nahua Saussure 1868).

—Hebard (1916a).—Princis (1969).
SJOS: Pozo Azul de Pirris (ANSP).

Ceratinoptera n. sp.

ALAJ: Quesada VII/66 (FWFC). CART: Turrialba VII/64 (USNM). GCTE:
Arenal VII/66 (FWFC). LIMN: La Lola 61 (UMMZ). SJOS: Pozo Azul de
pirris VIII/27 (ANSP); 16 Km. No. of Quepos VIII/66 (FWFC).

Chorisoneura flavipennis Saussure & Zehntner 1893.—Rehn (1903).—Rehn

(1905 ).—Princis (1965a).
CART: Turrialba (USNM). SJOS: La Palma (ANSP); Rio Surubres at San
Mateo (ANSP).

Chorisoneura gemmicula Hebard 1920.

CART: Turrialba IV/57 (USNM). LIMN: Batan (Bataan) VI/51 (USNM).

Chorisoneura panamae Hebard 1920.

GCTE: Tilaran VII/66 (FWFC).
Chorisoneura pellucida (Saussure 1864). Listed as Chorisoneura diaphana Princis
by Princis (1965a).
CART: Turrialba III/65 (USNM). LIMN: Waldec VII/36 (USNM).
Chorisoneura specilliger Hebard 1920.
SJOS: Rio Surubres (USNM).

Chorisoneura translucida (Saussure 1864).—Hebard (1919).—Princis (1965a).
CART: Turrialba 111/65 (USNM). PUNT: Rincén, Osa XI/64 (UMMZ).
SJOS: 14.5 Km. No. of Quepos VIII/66 (FWFC); 15 Km. SW. San Isidro del
General VII/64 (UMMZ).

Chorisoneura n. sp.

SJOS: San Pedro V/36 (USNM).

Chorisoneura sp.

CART: Turrialba II/65 (USNM).

438 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971

Chorisoneura sp., near panamae Hebard.
CART: III/65 (USNM).

Dendroblatta sobrina Rehn 1916.—Hebard (1920).—Princis (1969).

GCTE: H. Ciruelas, near Canfas 1/70 (VPIC). SJOS: Pozo Azul V—VI/02
(ANSP).

Euphyllodromia angustata (Latrielle 1811)—Rehn (1903).—Princis (1969).
Recorded from forest areas in all 7 provinces.

Euphyllodromia liturifera (Walker 1871) (= E. decastigmata Hebard 1920).
SJOS: 15 Km. No. of Quepos VIII/66 (FWFC).

Euphyllodromia peruana (Saussure 1864).—Rehn (1903).—Rehn (1905).
ALAJ: San Carlos (USNM). CART: Rio Reventazon, near Santa Clara
(ANSP). LIMN: Zent 24 (USNM).

Euphyllodromia sp.

LIMN: Homberg Farm ’38 (AWCR); Waldec ’42 (AWCR).

Euthlastoblatta n. sp. “A.”

SJOS: 16 Km. No. of Quepos 66 (FWFC). (Specimens from other localities
in ANSP).

Euthlastoblatta n. sp. “B.”

CART: Tapanti VII/66 (FWFC). SJOS: Rio Virilla (San Jose) VII/66
(FWFC).
Imblattella brunneriana (Saussure 1868) (= Blatta brunneriana Saussure 1868 ).—
Calvert & Calvert (1917 ).—Princis (1969).
CART: Pena Blanca, near Cachi (ANSP).
Imblattella sp., near brunneriana (Saussure ).
HERD: Finca La Selva (rain forest) I/70 (VPIC).
Imblattella fratercula (Hebard 1916) (= Neoblattella fratercula Hebard 1916).—
Princis (1969).
ALAJ: Fortuna, San Carlos (RZCR). LIMN: Pto. Limén ’66 (UMMZ).
SJOS: Playon, near Parrita 66 (FWFC).

Imblattella impar (Hebard 1920) (= Neoblattella impar Hebard 1920).

CART: Turrialba X/61 (UMMZ). HERD: Finca La Selva I/70 (VPIC).
PUNT: Rincoén, Osa 67 (FWFC). SJOS: Damas, near Parrita V/65 (AWCR);
Playon, near Parrita "66 (FWFC); 15 Km. No. of Quepos 66 (FWFC).

Latiblattella angustifrons Hebard 1920.—Princis (1965b, 1969).

CART: Turrialba IX/61 (UMMZ). GCTE: Arenal ’66 (FWFC); Tilaran ’66
(FWFC), La Cruz III/51 (IEMS). LIMN: Pto. Limén ’66 (UMMZ). PUNT:
Mata de Limén VIII/66 (FWFC). SJOS: San Jose (RZCR).

Latiblattella bradleyi Hebard 1933.—Hebard (1933).

LIMN: Guapiles ’23 (ANSP); La Emilia 27 (ANSP).
Latiblattella inornata Hebard 1920.—Hebard (1920).
LIMN?: “Costa Rica, probably Limén” (from steamship) X/13.

Latiblattella pavida (Rehn 1903).—Rehn (1903 ).—Princis (1969).

LIMN: Pto. Limon 64 (FWFC). SJOS: Piedras Negras (USNM).

Latiblattella spectativa (Rehn 1903).—Rehn (1903).—Princis (1969).

ALAJ: San Carlos (USNM). SJOS: Cd. Universitaria X/62 (USNM).

Latiblattella vitrea (Brunner 1865).-—Biolley (1900).—Princis (1969).

SJOS: San Jose (Biolley ).

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971 439

Latiblattella zapoteca (Saussure 1862).—Biolley (1900).—Rehn (1905 ).—Prin-
cis (1969).
ALAJ: Rio Surubres, San Mateo (ANSP). CART: Turrialba (Biolley). HERD:
Finca Starke, near Pto. Viejo I1/66 (ANSP).

Latiblattella n. sp.

CART: Tapanti 66 (FWFC). GCTE: Tilaran 66 (FWFC). SJOS: Aserri
"66 (FWFC).

Macrophyllodromia maximiliani (Saussure 1873 ).—Princis (1969).

PUNT: Rincén, Osa (Insecticide Plot #36) II/65 (ANSP). SJOS: Playon,
near Parrita (AWCR).

Nahublattella fraterna (Saussure & Zehntner 1893) (= Blatta fraterna S. & Z.

1893 ).—Princis (1965b, 1969).
CART: Turrialba IX/61 (UMMZ). GCTE: La Cruz III/51 (IEMS). LIMN:
Pto. Limon VII/66 (UMMZ).
Nahublattella nahua (Saussure 1868) (= Blatta nahua Saussure 1868).—Biolley
(1900).—Rehn (1903).—Princis (1969).
Recorded from 10 localities in 6 provinces, all except GCTE.

“Neoblattella” n. sp. B
CART: Turrialba III/65 (USNM). LIMN: Waldec VII/35 (USNM).

“Neoblattella” n. sp. R
PUNT: San Vito III/69 (DCRC).

“Neoblattella” n. sp. V
CART: Turrialba II/65 (USNM).

“Neoblattella” n. sp. W
SJOS: 15 Km. No. of Quepos 65 (USNM).

“Neoblattella’ n. sp. X
PUNT: 3.5 mi. So. of Rincon, Osa III/69 (DCRC).

Plectoptera hastifera Rehn 1903.—Rehn (1903 ).—Princis (1965a).

CART: Turrialba (USNM).

Plectoptera picta Saussure & Zehntner 1893.—Rehn (1903).—Princis (1965a).
CART: El Alto de Ochomogo VIII/27 (ANSP); Tapanti 66 (FWFC); Tucur-
rique (USNM).

Plectoptera pulicaria Saussure & Zehntner 1893.—Rehn (1903).—Princis (1965a).
CART: Turrialba (USNM).

Rhytidometopum n. sp.

SJOS: Playon, near Parrita VIII/66 (FWFC).
Riatia flabellata (Saussure & Zehntner 1893) (= Anaplecta flabellata S. & Z. 1893).
—Rehn (1903 ).—Princis (1965a).
CART: Tucurrique (USNM). SJOS: Finca Castilla 40 (AWCR); Piedras
Negras (USNM).
Riatia fulgida (Saussure 1862) (= Anaplecta fulgida Saussure 1862).—Rehn
(1903 ).—Princis (1965a).
SJOS: La Palma VIII/23 (ANSP); Piedras Negras (USNM).
Supella longipalpa (Fabricius 1798) (= supellectilium (Serville 1839) ).—Princis
(1969) “circumtropical.”
LIMN: Pto. Limén (RZCR). SJOS: Cd. Universitaria (RZCR); San Jose
(AWCR).

440 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971

BLABERIDAE
BLABERINAE

Archimandrita marmorata (Stoll 1813).—Tristan (1896).—Calvert & Calvert
(1917 ).—Princis (1963).
ALAJ: Alajuela (AWCR); Atenas II/70 (VPIC); La Garite (AWCR). HERD:
San Antonio Belen (AWCR). GCTE: Bebedero (Tristan); Santa Cruz (ANSP);
Tilaran "64 (FWFC). SJOS: Monte Redondo (Tristan); San Jose (AWCR).
Archimandrita tessellata Rehn 1903.—Rehn (1903).—Hebard (1920).—Princis
(1963).
ALAJ: Alajuela (AWCR); San Carlos (USNM). GCTE: 11 Km. So. of Canfas
Taboga III/69 (DCRC); Puerto Humo 64 (FWFC). HERD: San Antonio
Belen (AWCR). PUNT: Golfito (AWCR). SJOS: Monte Redondo (ANSP);
Pozo Azul (AWCR); San Jose (Escazu) 64 (FWFC); Tarbaca (ANSP).
Blaberus colosseus (IMlliger 1801) (= B. giganteus (L. 1758), in part ).—Hebard
(1916b ).—Roth (1969).
ALAJ: Alajeula (AWCR); San Carlos (USNM). CART: Cartago (AWCR);
Turrialba “61 (UMMZ). GCTE: Tilaran 63 (FWFC). HERD: La Selva
II/67 (ANSP). PUNT: Rincon, Osa III/69 (DCRC). SJOS: San Jose (AWCR).
Blaberus craniifer Burmeister 1838 (= B. trapezoideus Burmeister 1838 ).—Tristan
(1896 ).—Biolley (1900).—Rehn (1903).—Roth (1969).—Princis (1963).
ALAJ: Bebedero (Tristan); San Carlos (USNM); Santa Clara (Biolley)
(ANSP). CART: Turrialba (Biolley) (ANSP).
Blaberus discoidalis (Serville 1839 ).—Roth (1969).
HERD: Heredia (AWCR). LIMN: Pto. Limén 64 (FWFC). PUNT: Pun-
tarenas "64 (FWFC). SJOS: Cd. Universitaria (AWCR); Moravia (AWCR);
San Jose (AWCR).
Eublaberus distanti (Kirby 1903) (= Blaberus biolleyi Rehn 1905).—Rehn
(1905 ).—Princis (1963).
LIMN: Rio Reventazon, Plains of Santa Clara (ANSP). PUNT: Rincon, Osa
II/69 (DCRC).
Eublaberus posticus (Erichson 1848) (= Blaberus thoracicus S. & Z. 1894).—
Rehn (1905 ).—Princis (1963).
HERD: Pto. Viejo (AWCR). LIMN: Rio Reventazon, Plains of Santa Clara
(ANSP). SJOS: San Jose (AWCR).
Hyporhicnoda carinata (Biolley 1900).—Biolley (1900).—Princis (1967).
ALAJ: Las Delicias, Santa Clara (Biolley). CART: Turrialba (Biolley).
HERD: La Virgen, Rio Sarapiqui (Biolley).
Hyporhicnoda reflexa (Saussure & Zehntner 1893) (= Rhicnoda reflexa S. & Z.
1893 ).—Hebard (1920).—Princis (1967 ).
GCTE: Tilaran ’64 (FWFC). PUNT: Ujarras de Terraba, head of Rio Ceibo
(USNM). SJOS: 15 Km. No. of Quepos (AWCR); San Jose (AWCR).
Hyporhicnoda sp.
GCTE: Tilaran 66 (USNM). LIMN: La Lola, Madre de Dios 61 (UMMZ).
Phoetalia pallida (Brunner 1865) (= Leurolestes pallidus (Brunner) in Hebard
(1921) ).—Princis (1967) “circumtropical.”
SJOS: San Jose 61 (RZCR).

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971 44]

ZETOBORINAE: PHORTIOECINI

Capucina patula (Walker 1871) (= C. cucullata Saussure 1893 ).—Biolley (1900).
—Rehn (1903 ).—Princis (1963).
ALAJ: Las Delicias, Santa Clara (Biolley). CART: Juan Vinas (Biolley);
Turrialba (Biolley). GCTE: Tilaran 66 (FWFC). HERD: Carillo (USNM);
La Virgen, Rio Sarapiqui (Biolley). LIMN: Pto. Limén (AWCR). SJOS: 15
Km. No. of Quepos 66 (FWFC); San Jose, Rio Virilla (Biolley).
Lanxoblatta n. sp.
PUNT: San Vito II/70 (VPIC).
Phortioeca phoraspoides (Walker 1871) (= Zetobora sublobata S. &. Z. 1893).—
Biolley (1900 ).—Rehn (1903 ).—Princis (1964).
ALAJ: Quesada 66 (FWFC); Las Delicias, Santa Clara (Biolley); San Carlos
(USNM). CART: Turrialba (Biolley). GCTE: Arenal ’66 (FWFC); Tilaran
64 (FWFC). HERD: Pto. Viejo (AWCR). STOS: 16 Km. No. of Quepos 66
(FWFC).

EPILAMPRINAE

Audreia carinulata (Saussure 1895) (= Calolampra carinulata Saussure 1895 ).—
Biolley (1900 ).—Princis ( 1967).
ALAJ: near Volcan Poas 66 (FWFC). HERD: Barba (Biolley); La Selva
II/67 (ANSP). SJOS: El Canon 66 (FWFC); La Palma 66 (FWFC); Ta-
blazo (ANSP); Tarbaca ( Biolley ).
Audreia cicatricosa (Rehn 1903).! (= Calolampra cicatricosa Rehn 1903 ).—Rehn
(1903 ).—Princis (1967).
ALAJ: San Carlos (USNM). PUNT: Rincon, Osa II/65 (ANSP).
Audreia gatunae Hebard 1920.1
PUNT: Rincon, Osa III/69 (DCRC). SJOS: Damas, near Parrita (AWCR);
Pozo Azul (AWCR); 14 Km. No. of Quepos VIII/66 (FWFC).
Audreia n. sp.
HERD: Finca La Selva I/70 (VPIC). PUNT: San Vito 67 (USNM).
Cariacasia capucina Rehn 1928.—Rehn (1928 ).—Princis (1963).
HERD: Carillo IX/03 (ANSP).
Epilampra abdomen-nigrum (DeGeer 1773) (= E. maya Rehn 1902 ).—Biolley
(1900 ).—Princis (1967).
CART: Tapanti 41 (AWCR); Turrialba (Biolley). HERD: Pto. Viejo IV/69
(DCRC). SJOS: Cd. Universitaria (RZCR); San Jose, Rio Virilla 64 (FWFC).
Epilampra azteca Saussure 1868.
HERD: Finca La Selva I/70 (VPIC). PUNT: San Vito III/69 (DCRC).
Epilampra columbiana Saussure 1895.—Biolley (1900).
CART: San Isidro del Coronado (RZCR); Tapanti (AWCR). HERD: Volcan
Barba (Biolley). PUNT: San Vito III/69 (DCRC). SJOS: Cd. Universitaria
(RZCR); La Palma (Biolley); San Isidro del General (Biolley).
Epilampra mexicana Saussure 1862.
GCTE: Tilaran 66 (FWFC). HERD: Heredia (AWCR). SJOS: San Isidro
del General 60 (USNM ).

1 Unpublished work on the Epilamprinae by L. M. Roth indicates that these
species probably belong in the genus Epilampra.

449, PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971

Epilampra shelfordi Hebard 1919. Previously recorded only from 2 specimens col-
lected in Colombia (Hebard, 1919, 1929).
ALAJ: Colonia Trinidad, Chachagua VIII/66 (FWFC).
Epilampra n. sp.
HERD: Pto. Viejo, Rio Sarapiqui (pebble beach) II/67 (ANSP).
Litopeltis biolleyi (Saussure 1895) (= Calolampra biolleyi Saussure 1895) .—
Tristan (1896)—Biolley (1900).—Rehn (1928).—Princis (1963).
ALAJ: Las Delicias, Santa Clara (Biolley). CART: Azahar de Cartago (Biol-
ley). HERD: Barba (Biolley). PUNT: Rincon, Osa II/67 (FWFC); San Vito
III/69 (DCRC). SJOS: Cd. Universitaria IV/64 (RZCR); La Estrella (Can-
delaria Mts.) (ANSP); Monte Redondo 703 (ANSP); Navarro 27 (ANSP); 14
Km. No. of Quepos VIII/66 (FWFC); San Jose (La Uruca) (Tristan); Tablazo
06 (ANSP); Tarbaca 02 (ANSP).

Litopeltis bispinosa (Saussure 1893) (= Calolampra bispinosa Saussure 1893).
CART: Turrialba III/65 (USNM). PUNT: San Vito III/69 (DCRC). SJOS:
San Isidro del General 66 (UMMZ).

Litopeltis calverti Rehn 1928.—Rehn (1928).—Princis (1963).

CART: Rio Reventazon at Cachi III/10 (ANSP).
Litopeltis deianira Rehn 1928.—Rehn (1928).—Princis (1963).
CART: between Cervantes & Pacayas 723 (ANSP); Pacayas, slope of Volcan
Irazu IX/23 (ANSP).
Litopeltis musarum Rehn 1928.—Rehn (1928).—Princis (1963).
SJOS: Atalanta, Estrella Valley IX/27 (ANSP).
Litopeltis oreas Rehn 1928.—Rehn (1928).—Princis (1963).
SJOS: Santa Maria de Dota ’09 (ANSP).
Litopeltis votos Rehn 1928 (=Ischnoptera inaequalis S. &. Z. 1893).—Rehn
(1903 ).—Rehn (1928 ).—Princis (1963).
ALAJ: San Carlos (USNM).

PANCHLORINAE
Achroblatta luteola (Blanchard 1843 ).—Rehn (1903 ).—Princis (1963).
ALAJ: Zarcero (USNM). CART: Turrialba II/65 (USNM). HERD: Carillo
(USNM); Rio Frio 1/70 (VPIC); Rio Sarapiqui 65 (RZCR).
Biolleya alaris Saussure 1897.—Biolley (1900).—Princis (1963).
HERD: Volcan Barba III/96 (Biolley). SJOS: La Palma II/96 (Biolley);
near San Jose (Biolley).
Panchlora acolhua Saussure & Zehntner 1893.—Rehn (1903).—Princis (1964).
SJOS: Piedras Negras (USNM).
Panchlora exoleta Burmeister 1838 (= P. punctum S. & Z. 1893 ).—Rehn (1903 ).—
Princis (1964).
ALAJ: San Carlos (USNM ).
Panchlora nigriventris Shelford 1912.—Biolley (1900).—Princis (1964).
CART: Azahar de Cartago (Biolley). SJOS: Los Frailes (Biolley); near San
Jose (Biolley ); Tablazo (Biolley).
Panchlora nivea (LL. 1758) (=P. peruana Saussure 1864, in part).—Saussure &
Zehntner (1893 ).—Rehn (1903 ).—Princis (1964), “Central America.”
Recorded from several localities in CART, GCTE, HERD, LIMN and SJOS.
First record from CART: Cachi by S. & Z. (1893).

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971 443

Panchlora sp.
GCTE: La Pacifica, 5 Km. NW of Cafas I/70 (VPIC). HERD: Rio Frio I/70
(VPIC). PUNT: San Vito II/70 (VPIC).

Pelloblatta lata Rehn 1903.—Rehn (1903 ).—Princis (1965a).
ALAJ: San Carlos (USNM).

PYCNOSCELINAE

Pycnoscelus surinamensis (1. 1758).—Biolley (1900).—Princis (1964) “circum-
tropical.”
Abundant.
OXYHALOINAE

Leucophaea maderae (Fabricius 1781).—Princis (1965a) “circumtropical.”
ALAJ: Alajuela (AWCR). HERD: Heredia (AWCR). SJOS: Cd. Univer-
sitaria (RZCR); San Jose 64 (FWFC).

REFERENCES

Arnett, R. H., Jr. and G. A. Samuelson. 1969. Directory of Coleoptera Collec-
tions of North America, 122 pp. Dept. of Ent., Purdue Univ., Lafayette, Ind.

Biolley, P. 1900 (1899-1900). IV Ortépteres recogidos en Costa Rica desde
1890 4 1900. Informe Mus. Nac. Costa Rica 1899-1900 [1900]. pp. 40-49.

Calvert, A. S. and P. P. Calvert. 1917. A Year of Costa Rican Natural History,
577 pp. Macmillan Co., N. Y.

Fisk, F. W. and A. B. Gurney. 1968. Neotropical cockroaches of the genus
Xestoblatta: a new species from Costa Rica and notes on other species ( Dicty-
optera: Blattaria: Blattellidae). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 70:137-142.

Gurney, A. B. 1939. A revision of the neotropical genus Xestoblatta Hebard
(Orthoptera; Blattidae; Pseudomopinae). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 41:116—142.

1965. Two new cockroaches of the genera Pelmatosilpha and
Henschoutedenia, with a key to the West Indian species of Pelmatosilpha ( Dicty-
optera: Blattaria). Proc. R. Ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 34:5-11.

Hebard, M. 1916a. The genus Ceratinoptera. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 42:125—

134.

1916b. Critical notes on certain species of the genus Blaberus
(Orthoptera, Blattidae). Ent. News 27 :289-296.

1916c. Studies in the group Ischnopterites. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.
42::337-383.

1919. Studies in the Dermaptera and Orthoptera of Colombia. First
paper. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 45:89-179.

1920 (1919). The Blattidae of Panama. Memoirs Amer. Ent. Soc.
No. 4, 150 pp.

1921. Studies in the Dermaptera and Orthoptera of Colombia.
Second paper. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 47: 107-169.

1924. Studies in the Dermaptera and Orthoptera of Ecuador. Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 76: 109-248.

1929. Previously unreported tropical American Blattidae in the
British Museum (Orthoptera). Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 55:345-388.

1933. Notes on Panamanian Dermaptera and Orthoptera. Trans.
Amer. Ent. Soc. 59: 103-114.

444 PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971

McKittrick, F. A. 1964. Evolutionary studies of cockroaches. Cornell Univ.
Agr. Exp. Sta. Mem. 389, 197 pp.

Princis, K. 1963. Blattariae (in Beier’s Orthopterorum Catalogus, W. Junk—
publisher, Netherlands). Pars 4 Polyphagoidea: Homoeogamiidae, and others.
Blaberoidea: Blaberidae. pp. 77-172.

1964. Ibid. Pars 6 Blaberoidea: Panchloridae, and others. pp.
173-282.

1965a. Ibid. Pars 7 Blaberoidea: Oxyhaloidae, and others. pp.
283-400.

1965b. Kleine Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Blattarien und ihrer Ver-
breitung. VIII. EOS 41:135-156.

1966. Blattariae (in Beier’s Orthopterorum Catalogus, W. Junk—
publisher, Netherlands). Pars 8 Blattoidea: Blattidae and Nocticolidae. pp.
401-614.

1967. Ibid. Pars 11 Epilamproidea: Nyctiboridae and Epilampri-
dae. pp. 615-710.

. 1969. Ibid. Pars 13 Epilamproidea: Blattellidae. pp. 711-1038.

Rehn, J. A. G. 1903. Studies in American Blattidae. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 29:
259-290.

1905. Notes on the Orthoptera of Costa Rica, with descriptions of
new species. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 57:790-843.

1928. New or little known neotropical Blattidae. (Orthoptera ).
Number One. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 54:125-194.

1930. Ibid. Number Two. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 56:19-71.

1937. Ibid. Number Four. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 63:207-258.

Roth, L. M. 1969. The male genitalia of Blattaria. 1. Blaberus spp. ( Blaberidae:
Blaberinae ). Psyche 76:217—250.

Saussure, H. de and L. Zehntner. 1893-1894. Blattidae, in Godman and Salvin,
Biologia Centrali-Americana, Zoology, Insecta Orthoptera I. London. 458 pp.
Tristan, J. F. 1896. Informe de las trabajos y adelantos efectuados en el De-
partamento de Entomologia durante el ano econdmico de 1895-96. Museo

Nacional de Costa Rica. p. 15.

NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS

Effective immediately, page charges for regular papers are raised from $6.00
to $10.00 per printed page. All manuscripts received after November 18, 1971
will be charged at this rate.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971 445

THE APPLICATION OF THE NAME NEOPIMPLA
(HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE )

The generic name Neopimpla was validated by Ashmead in 1900 by its inclusion
in a key to the ichneumonid genera (Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus. 23:56). In this publi-
cation Ashmead stated that the type species is “Neopimpla abbottii Ashmead,
manuscript,” from “Africa.” Neopimpla has never been identified since this
first description.

It may be assumed that Ashmead’s specimen of this genus was, at that time,
in the U. S. National Museum in Washington. Both Mr. R. A. Cushman and the
present author have searched for this specimen several times but have not found it.
Cushman published that the specimen was lost in 1942 (Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus.
92:286) and I published the same finding in 1957 (Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington
59:112).

It would be best if the generic name Neopimpla and the specific name abbottii
were applied somewhere, rather than left unidentified. A careful reading of
Ashmead’s key and consideration of what he may have been describing, leads me
to suppose that the most likely thing that he was describing is the female of Caeno-
pimpla crassa Morley, 1926. To pin down the name, I therefore declare (as first
revisor) that Neopimpla abbottii Ashmead is a senior synonym of Caenopimpla
crassa Morley, and that its type locality is Zululand in South Africa (the same
type locality as crassa). This species belongs actually in Astomaspis Foerster,
1868. Astomaspis abbottii is a new combination and Neopimpla is a new synonym
of Astomaspis—HENRy Townes, American Entomological Institute, 5950 Warren
Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105.

DELPHINIA PICTA (FABRICIUS) IN CENTRAL AMERICA
(DieTERA: OTITIDAE)

The distribution of Delphinia picta (Fabricius) is cited in the Catalog of the
Diptera of North America North of Mexico (Stone, A., et al., eds., 1965, U. S.
Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv., Agr. Handbook no. 276) on page 644, as “Minn. to
Maine, s. to Kans. and Fla.” and, until the specimens noted below were seen, I con-
sidered this a concise statement of the total known distribution of the species.

A female specimen, differing in no wise from North American specimens,
was taken at Tonacatepeque, El Salvador, 20 June 1958, by O. L. Cartwright. A
series of 6 9 and 2 ¢ specimens was taken at an unknown date at Santa Engracia,
Tamaulipas, Mexico, by C. C. Plummer. The latter locality is about 30 km north
of Ciudad Victoria, but appears on few maps.

A figure of the very characteristic wing of this fly is given by Curran (1934,
The Families and Genera of North American Diptera, p. 272, fig. 3). Its biology
has been treated by Allen and Foote (1967, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 60:826-836 ) ;
the larvae appear to be saprophagous.—GeEorGE C. STEYsKAL, Systematic Entomol-
ogy Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture,
c/o U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. 20560.

446 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971

A NEW CECIDOGENOUS SPECIES OF THE GENUS
POLYMORPHOMYIA SNOW

(DieTERA: TEPHRITIDAE )

CuesLAvo A. KorytKowski, Universidad Nacional Pedro Ruiz Gallo,
Lambayeque, Pert

ABSTRACT—Polymorphomyia footei, n. sp., is described from Lambayeque,
Pert, forming leaf galls in Tessaria integrifolia R. and P. (Compositae). A key
to the species of Polymorphomyia sensu stricto is included.

The larva of the new species here described live in leaves of Tessaria
integrifolia R. and P. (Compositae) as gall-makers. Aczél (1953) treated
Polymorphomyia as a subgenus of Pseudeutreta Hendel, but Foote
(1967) considered it a distinct genus. The four species now known
may be distinguished as in the following key. Only P. tridentata has
been previously recorded from Pert.

Key TO THE SPECIES OF Polymorphomyia SNOW

1 (2) Falciform hyaline band at wing tip antemarginal; 2nd posterior cell

with hyaline basal incision extending into basal corner of cell —_
Seite es 8S Ne ag Fi EE me ee ee P. basilica Snow

2(1) Falciform hyaline band at wing tip marginal; 2nd posterior cell with
or without hyaline basal incision.

3(4) 2nd posterior cell without hyaline incision; 3rd posterior cell with 2
hyaline Ancisions .2<ss. = ob ae eee P. tridentata (Hendel )

4(3) 2nd posterior cell with basal hyaline incision; 3rd posterior cell with 1
or 2 hyaline incisions.

5 (6) Falciform hyaline band fusing with postpterostigmal hyaline triangle;
2nd posterior cell with basal hyaline incision crossing tp into discal
cell; 3rd posterior cell with 1 hyaline incision — P. footei, n. sp.

6(5) Falciform hyaline band disjunct from postpterostigmal hyaline tri-
angle; hyaline incision of 2nd posterior cell not crossing tp; 3rd
posterior cell with 2 hyaline incisions P. pilosula (Wulp)

Polymorphomyia footei Korytkowski, n. sp.
(Figs. 1-8)

Female. Head as in figs. 1 and 2, width 1.74 mm; width of vertex across median
ocellus 0.72 mm, slightly wider at level of lunule. Eye somewhat inclined, height 1.44
mm. Length of 3rd antennal segment 0.45 mm. Frons brownish yellow, including
vertex, strongly pollinose, with scattered inflated white setae. Frontal triangle behind
level of anterior ors elevated like a blister, at summit of which is the opaque, pollinose
black ocellar triangle. Ori 3, long, brownish; ors 1, posterior ors lacking; oc long,
slender, brownish; vti long, slender; vte and poc inflated, white; occ inflated, white,
interspersed with smaller, brownish setae. Face and lunule yellowish, strongly polli-
nose; facial ridge with numerous brownish setae, decreasing in length upward; facial
orbits narrow, silvery pollinose. Genae 4 eye-height. Occiput pollinose, dark
brown. Antenna yellowish white, lst segment fringed with squamous whitish setae,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971 447

Fics. 1-8. Polymorphomyia footei, n. sp.: 1, profile of head, 2; 2, same, ante-
rior view; 3, wing, 9; 4, hypandrium ( ¢ ) with claspers; 5, ejaculatory apodeme;
6, ¢ postabdomen, anterior view; 7, same, lateral view; 8, ovipositor ( @ ).

2nd with scattered small brownish setae dorsally, 3rd long-ovate, light orange-
yellow; arista black, yellowish basally, with scattered inconspicuous minute hairs.

Thorax: Mesoscutum 1.17 mm long, black, pollinose, with scattered small white
inflated setae. Scutellum brownish black, lightly pollinose, shining. Pleura brown-
ish black, lightly pollinose; mesopleuron with white inflated hairs. Chaetotaxy
typical of the genus, but scutellum with only 1 pair of bristles (apical pair
lacking); posterior ntpl white, inflated; 3 mspl, only uppermost always present,
others usually lacking.

Wing (fig. 3) brownish black, with marginal incisions, apical band, small
round spot near base of Ist posterior cell, and narrow oblique bar through 2nd
basal cell hyaline; apical band confluent with postpterostigmal triangle hyaline
incision; marginal incision near lower corner of 2nd posterior cell extending to
near anterior end of tp and distinctly invading discal cell; 3rd posterior cell with 1

448 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971

narrow erect marginal incision extending to 5th vein. Venation as shown in figure,
ta and tp close together, tp sinuous, strongly oblique; Ist vein (Ri) with numerous
strong setae to apex; Re+s bare; Rus with scattered setae as far as level of end of
Ress above and slightly more in neighborhood of hyaline round spot on lower
surface; slight groove in Ist posterior cell forked near wing margin; squames
blackish, with margin black. Halter yellow.

Legs with all femora brownish black, vellowish at tip; front and middle tibiae
yellowish, hind tibia brown with yellow tip (in 1 paratype all tibiae brownish).

Abdomen blackish brown, with brownish yellow pollen, except on 6th tergum,
covered with scattered white, inflated hairs; ovipositor sheath brownish black,
length 1.12 mm, spiracles 0.66 mm from base; ovipositor (fig. 8) yellowish, length
1.12 mm, tip 0.78 long, marginal serrations visible only at 100 magnification;
rasper decreasing toward sides and apex of membranous portion.

Male. Identical except for postabdomen (figs. 4-7).

TYPES. Holotype, 2, reared from galls in leaves of Tessaria integri-
folia, Lambayeque, Peri, September 10, 1968, V. H. Cordova leg. (no.
1626-68, in Museum of the National University Pedro Ruiz Gallo (=
UNPRG); allotype, ¢, collected on stem of Tessaria integrifolia, Mo-
cupe, Lambayeque, Peri, August 4, 1968, Jorge Su Wing leg. (no.
1000-68, UNPRG); paratypes: 1 4, Monsefti, Lambayeque, Pert (no.
2457-68, UNPRG); 1 4, Chiclayo, Lambayeque, Peru (no. 996-68,
UNPRG); 1 ¢, Ucupe, Lambayeque, Pert: (no. 2456-68, UNPRG); 3 2,
Lambayeque, Lamb., Pert (nos. 2455-68, 2458-68, 999-68, UNPRG).

Remarks. This species is the only one that has an incision in the 2nd
posterior cell invading the discal cell. In Aczél’s key (1953) and in the
above key it will run out with P. pilosula (Wulp) (1899), which more-
over has 2 pairs of sc. P. tridentata (Hendel) (1914), the only other
Peruvian species, has the posterior ntpl inflated, but lacks a hyaline
incision in the 2nd posterior cell, Ry; is bare, and the 3rd posterior cell
has 2 hyaline incisions. P. basilica Snow (1894), the type of the genus,
has the falciform apical hyaline band narrowly separated from the
wing margin.

I am naming this species in honor of Dr. Richard H. Foote, of the
U.S. Department of Agriculture, who has done much to elucidate the
taxonomy of the Tephritidae.

REFERENCES

Aczél, M. 1953. La familia Tephritidae en la regién Neotropical. Acta Zool.
Lilloana 13:97—200.

Foote, R. H. 1967. In Vanzolini, E. P., and Papavero, N., A catalogue of the
Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Dept. Zool., Secr. Agr., Sao
Paulo, fase. 57: 1-91.

Hendel, F. 1914. Die Bohrfliegen Siidamerikas. K. Zool. Anthropol.-Ethnogr.
Mus. Abhandl. u. Ber. 14(3):1-84.

Snow, W. A. 1894. Descriptions of North American Trypetidae. Kansas Univ.
Quart. 2: 159-174.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971 449

Wulp, F. M. van der. 1899. Group Trypetinae, pp. 401-428, pls. 11 and 12.
In Godman, F. D., and Salvin, O., eds., Biologia Centrali-Americana, Zool., Dipt.,
2:489 pp.

A NEW SPECIES OF RHINACLOA FROM PALO VERDE AND
OCOTILLO IN THE WESTERN U. S.

(HeEMipTERA: MirmAe)

A new species of Rhinacloa is being described to provide a name for use in the
work of T. F. Halstead in Phoenix, Arizona. Mr. Halstead first noticed this species
damaging palo verde, Cercidium microphylum (Torrey) Rose and Johnston, in
Encanto Park and adjacent properties on May 28, 1970. Recently, May 20, 1971,
he has collected a long series from the same area on both palo verde and ocotillo,
Fouquieria splendens Engelmann. George Buxton in Sacramento, California, re-
ports (in litt.) that he has taken this species twice in California: Indio, Riverside
Co., May 18, 1961 and Ocotillo, Imperial Co., February 1, 1965.

Rhinacloa callicrates, n. sp.

é. Length 2.6 mm., width 1.1 mm. Head: width 32 units (in all measurements,
39 units = 1 mm), vertex width at base subequal to width between eyes across
frons 13: 13. Rostrum: very short, scarcely attaining posterior margins of anterior
coxae, yellow, apex brownish black. Antennae: segment II cylindrical, proportion
of segments I-IV, 6: 24: 12: 8, uniformly pale, brownish yellow, clothed with fine
yellowish pubescence intermixed with conspicuous black setae. Pronotum: pro-
portion of length to width at base 19: 39. Color: head and body pale brownish
yellow; hemelytra straw yellow, mostly translucent, embolium and cuneus opaque;
membrane uniformly pale fuscous, veins yellowish. Legs pale yellow, hind femora
with scattered black spots on ventral surface; tibiae with black spots at bases of
spines, tips of tarsi black. Vestiture: dorsum clothed with silvery scalelike
pubescence intermixed with conspicuous black simple pubescence; tibiae with
black spines; femora with a few black spines near apices.

9. Length 2.7 mm., width 1.2 mm. Head: width 32 units, vertex width at base
subequal to width between eyes across frons 15: 15; eyes smaller than in the male.
Antennae: segment II clavate, proportion of segments I-IV, 7: 21: 12: 9. Pro-
notum: proportion of length to width at base 18: 40.

Holotype, 6 (USNM type no. 71718), and allotype, 2, Phoenix, Arizona, May
20, 1971, T. F. Halstead. Paratypes 61 6,52 9, same data as above. Material col-
lected from palo verde, Cercidium microphylum and ocotillo, Fouquieria splendens.
Eight paratypes in T. F. Halstead collection, remaining material in USNM.

Rhinacloa callicrates can be separated readily from the other three North
American species by its uniformly pale upper surface with the contrasting black
pubescence and the very short rostrum, which scarcely reaches the posterior
margins of the anterior coxae—JON L. Herrinc, Systematic Entomology Lab-
oratory, Agricultural Research Service, U. 8. Department of Agriculture, c/o U. S.
National Museum, Washington, D. C. 20560.

450

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971

INDEX TO VOLUME 73

(New taxa indicated in boldface type)

Acyrthosiphon (Aulacorthum) _ solani,
host plants, 120

Aedes (Alanstonea) brevitibia, redescrip-
tion, 231

Aedes (Stegomyia) scutellaris malayen-
sis, redescription, 1

Amblysellus, key to N. Amer. spp., 84;
curtisii, 85; dorsti, 93; durus, 89;
grex, 96; punctatus, 95; valens, 90;
wyomus, 87

Amplicephalus, key to N. Amer. spp.,
199; littoralis, 200; nebulosus, 204; os-
borni, 202; simplex, 199

Anopheles vagus vagus, distribution, 399

Anthidium maculosum, parasites, 43

Antissops denticulata, synonymy, 51

Aphaereta soronastes, 139

Aphids, Newfoundland records, 168

Aphis gossypii, host plants, 9

Ardis asulea, 405

Argia plana, behavior, 146

Argiacris, key to N. Amer. spp., 293;
amissuli, 294; keithi, 298; militaris
militaris, 299; militaris laticerea, 301

Atractodes neerix, 139

Baetis aneto, 58; aymara, 60; coveloae,
61; yaro, 62

Baleanocerus, 184

Ballophilus comastes, 28

Bothroponera, descriptions of larvae,
386; key to mature larvae, 393

Byrrhodes, synonymy, 341

Calobatina, 327

Camptoprosopella equatorialis, note, 110

Ceratoculicoides, 170; key to spp., 171;
blantoni, 174; gracilipes, 176; longi-
pennis, 172; virginianus, 175

Chalcosicya humeralis, 270; setosella,
269

Cheyletus cacahumalipensis, morphol-
ogy of gnathosoma, 158

Chthonothrips nigrocinctus, lectotype
desig. and descr. of male, 336

Cockroaches, list of spp. in Costa Rica,
431

Colaspis amplicollis, 272; purpurea,
il

Cremastocheilini, key to New World
genera and subgenera, 225

Cryptochetum (Tritolestes), key to spp.,
50; ghanii, 48

Culicoides darlingtonae, 39; debili-
palpis, 34; eadsi, 37; guerrai, 41;
hoffmani, 36

Cummingsia inopinata, 23

Cyrtonota cyanea insulae, 281

Damalinia neotheileri, 372; semi-

theileri, 374
Delphinia picta, distribution, 445
Deltazotus, 265; obesus, 266
Diabrotica mareanoi, 277
Dioryctria, key to spp. on pine in At-
lantic Coast states, 218; taedae, 215
Dorcatoma affinis, notes, 213

Echiniscus (Echiniscus ) horningi, 105;
knowltoni, 109

Empididae, pupae in cocoons of Tri-
choptera, 314

Euceratocerus maculicollis, 342

Eugnoriste planiforceps, 54

Euprepina bicincta, 183; knutsoni,
183; maracajula, 183; nuda, 181;
shannoni, 182; truxalia, 183

Ferolocella carolina, 44

Galerucella decemvittata, 274

Gilpinia, key to spp. of Pakistan, 404;
ghanii, 403; indica, 403; pindrowi,
401; polytoma, 401

Hemiptera-Heteroptera, keys to families
and subfamilies of nymphs in N.
Amer., 413

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971

Hemisphaerota bimaculata, 279; quad-
rimaculata, 280

Heterocampa benitensis, 249

Homalomitra, morphology and subfam-
ily placement, 376

Horismenus, key to Nearctic spp., 71;
atroscapus, 72; bruchophagus, 72;
carolinensis, 73; depressus, 74; flori-
danus, 74; fraternus, 75; ignotus, 76;
latrodecti, 77; lixivorus, 78; micro-
gaster, 78; missouriensis, 80; nitens,
80; productus, 81; sardus, 81; tex-
anus, 82.

Hymenoptera, assoc. with pig carrion,
132

Hypera eximia, notes on larva, 117

Kansendria kansiensis, 206

Lactica xanthopus, 276

Laelaps stupkai, 408

Lasioderma castaneum, notes, 213
Leptohoplia, taxonomy and biology, 337
Leucocera eyanea, 273; spilota, 273

Macrosiphum euphorbiae, host plants,
123

Meganomia, family placement, 307; key
to spp., 309; andersoni, 312; binghami,
310; tavetensis, 311; tsavoensis, 312

Mendozellus laredanus, 261

Mezira, key to Amer. spp., 283

Microzogus, synonymy, 342

Minettia, key to spp. related to M.
obscura, 17; americanella, 19; labata,
19; lyraformis, 19; obscura, 19;
shewelli, 20

Monophlebulini, key to genera, 64

Mordvilkoja vagabunda, redescription,
biology, 359

Muscoidean Diptera, overwintering, 52

Myolepta, key to Oriental spp., 344;
himalayana, 344; orientalis, 346;
petiolata, 344

Myzus ornatus, host plants, 127

Nabis propinquus, distribution, 268
Nematus (Pteronidea) melanaspis, 407;
oligospilus, 407

451

Neolasioptera baeccharicola, 156; lath-
ami, 154
Neoplimpla, application of name, 445

Oedionychus punctipennis, 277; viri-
dipennis, 278
Oligocaricis, synonymy, 63

Paracantha dentata, note on morphol-
ogy, 398

Paracyclidius, 226; bennetti, 227

Paratrikona rubescens, 282

Pediobius thysanopterus, 178

Pelmatocerandra flinti, 211

Phaenicia lucigerens, 384; retroversa,
382

Planicephalus, key to N. Amer. spp.,
256; flavicosta, 260; flavocostatus,
257; luteoapicalis, 256

Platybasicornis, 142; ramosi, 143

Pleotrichophorus tetradymiae, 321

Polydrusus cervinus, distribution, 57

Polymorphomyia, key to spp., 447;
footei, 447

Pomerantzia prolata, 395

Protheca hirsuta, 342

Pesudocalolampra, 329; inexpectata,
330

Pycnopota, morphology and subfamily
placement, 376

Racemicolous gall-makers on Solidago,
taxonomic notes, 169

Reventazonia lawsoni, 208

Rhinacloa eallicrates, 446

Smicronyx, synonymy, 63

Soldier flies, nomenclature of some Mex-
ican spp., 411

Sphinctomyia, morphology and subfam-
ily placement, 376

Spilochroa polita, synonymy, 157

Staphylinidae, distribution, 305

Tabanidae of Maryland, 378
Tachysphex, key to Fla.
krombeini, 111

Tessarobelus guerini, redescription, 66

sppis ells:

452 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 73, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1971

Tetranychidae of Paraguay, 29 Ursia furtiva, 303
Tetrastichus incertus, nomenclature, 429

Thatuna gilletti, description of female,
biology, 368

Xenochalepus eyanura, 279

Zacompsia, key to spp., 248: colorata,

Tideltellus, 263; marinus, 264 247
Toxoptera aurantii, host plants, 324 Zadiprion, key to spp., 188; rohweri,

Tricholipeurus moschatus, 376 189; townsendi, 191; vallicola, 194

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Information for Contributors

Publication in the Proceedings is reserved for members only. Publication of
papers by non-members may be obtained after acceptance at a cost to the author
of $18.00 per printed page. Regular papers are published in approximately the
order that they are received. Manuscripts should not exceed 30 typewritten pages
including illustrations. Papers of less than a printed page may be published as
space is available at the end of longer articles.

Manuscripts for publication, proof and other editorial matters should be
addressed to the Editor (for address, see inside front cover of this issue).

Typing—All manuscripts must be typed on bond paper with double-spacing and
ample margins. Carbon copies or copies on paper larger than 814 x 11 inches
are not acceptable. Do not use all capitals for any purpose. Underscore only
where italics are intended in the body of the text, not in headings. Number all
pages consecutively. References to footnotes in the text should be numbered
consecutively and typed on a separate sheet.

First page—The page preceding the text of the manuscript should include (1)
the complete title, (2) the order and family in parentheses, (3) the author’s
name or names, (4) the institution with city, state and zip code or the author's
home city, state and zip code if not affiliated, (5) in the upper left hand
comer, the complete name and address to which proof is to be sent.

Abstract—All manuscripts, including notes of one page or less, must be accom-
panied by an abstract suitable for publication. The abstract must be typed
on a separate sheet following the title page, should be brief (not more than
3% of the original), and written in whole sentences, not telegraphic phrases.

Names and descriptions of organisms—The first mention of a plant or animal
should include the full scientific name with the author of a zoological name
not abbreviated. Descriptions of taxa should be in telegraphic style.

References—Citations in the text of papers longer than one printed page should
be by author and date and should refer to a list of concluding REFERENCEs listed
alphabetically. See a recent issue of the Proceedings for style of references.
In shorter articles, references to literature should be included in parentheses
in the text.

Illustrations—No extra charge is made for line drawings or halftones. Authors
must plan their illustrations for reduction to the dimensions of the printed page
and the individual figures must be mounted on suitable board. Proportions of
full-page illustrations should closely approximate 446 6” (26 < 36 picas); this
usually allows explanatory matter to appear on the same page. On the back of
each illustration should be stated (1) the title of the paper, (2) the author’s
complete name and address, and (3) the number of the illustration such as
“No. 1 (of 3)” etc. Figures should be numbered consecutively. Plates will be
returned only at the author’s request and expense.

Figure legends—Legends should be typewritten double-spaced on separate
pages headed ExPpLANATION OF FicurREs and placed following REFERENCES. Do
not attach legends to illustrations.

Proofs and reprints—Proofs and a reprint order will be sent to the authors by the
printer with explicit instructions for their return. Major changes in proof will
be charged to the author.

Page charges—All regular papers of more than one page will be charged at the
rate of $10.00 per printed page. Immediate publication may be obtained at the
rate of $18.00 per printed page. These charges are in addition to those for
reprints. Member authors who have no institutional affiliation or funds available
may request to have charges for regular papers waived by checking the appro-
priate space on the order blank. Charges made for immediate publication or to
non-members will not be waived.

Acceptance of papers is based only on their scientific merit without regard to
the author’s financial support.

CONTENTS

(Continued from front cover)

McFADDEN, M. W.—Synonymies and combinations for Mexican soldier
flies (Diptera: Stratiomyidae )

OMAN, P.—The female of Thatuna gilletti Oman, with biological notes (Ho-
moptera: Cicadellidae )

PRICE, D. W.—A new species of Pomerantzia Baker from California (Ac-
arina: Pomerantziidae )

SMITH, C. F.—The life cycle and redescription of Mordvilkoja vagabunda
(Homoptera: Aphididae )

SMITH, D. R.—Some sawflies from Pakistan (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae,
Tenthredinidae )

STEYSKAL, G. C.—Notes on the genera Homalomitra Borgmeier, Pycnopota
Bezzi, and Sphinctomyia Borgmeier (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae )

STEYSKAL, G. C.—Delphinia picta (Fabricius) in Central America (Dip-
tera: Otitidae)

STEYSKAL, G. C.—A note on the nominate character of Paracantha dentata
Aczél (Diptera: Tephritidae )

THOMPSON, P. H.—Tabanidae of Maryland, Addenda (Diptera)

TOWNES, H.—tThe application of the name Neoplimpla (Hymenoptera:
Ichneumonidae )

WHEELER, CG. C. and J. WHEELER—The larvae of the ant genus Bothrop-
onera (Hymenoptera: Formicidae )

NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS CONCERNING PAGE CHARGES
INDEX AND TABLE OF CONTENTS TO VOLUME 73

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF

W ASHINGTON

Volume 74

OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1972

IESG EIR le 2 A ee eee igs FNS. Curtis W. Sabrosky
ERCSTCLCHI AE CO memrmnmne ees nen ee Arthur K. Burditt, Jr.
ROQNENRR SOQCRATY este ee ia eee eee Dewey M. Caron
GOSIESHONGINCRSCCICLANY ee oe ee a David R. Smith
COS Crean meni arene ee I ee Theodore J. Spilman
i, ope mera errery on mC) A ee Paul M. Marsh
(Cats fodsat anne eet eae hy ee ee Robert D. Gordon
Program Committee Chairman.) F. Eugene Wood
Membership Committee Chairman ____._-_-__-------------------- H. Ivan Rainwater
Delegate to the Washington Academy of Sciences Reece I. Sailer

PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY
WASHINGTON, D.C.
1972

TABLE OF CONTENTS, VOLUME 74

ALLEN, H. W.—The redescription of Tiphia fenestrata (Klug) (Hymenop-
tera: ‘Viphiidae)::::-35 25a e 2 se eS ee
ALLEN, H. W.—Corrections on “A Monographic Study of the Subfamily
Tiphiinae (Hymenoptera-Tiphiidae ) of South America” —
BARR, W. F.—New synonymy and a change of name in North American
Buprestis\(Coleoptera:’ Buprestidae)! = ee
BICK, G. H. and L. E. HORNUFF—Odonata collected in Wyoming, South
Dakota. ands Nebraska 9s see eee ne er ee ee
BOHART, R. M.—New North American Philanthus (Hymenoptera: Spheci-
LEC) see BR on ne ee
BRAUN, B. H.—see SABROSKY, C. W.
BURKS, B. D.—The genus Hexacladia Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)
CLARKE, J. F. G—Two pests of beans from tropical America (Lepidoptera:
Olethreuticiae) beso BG ah Se 5 ec a er
COVELL, C. V., Jr.—A catalog of the J. H. Lovell types of Apoidea with
lectotype- designations, 28 eon ea Ta os Fee ae ee
CRABILL, R. E., Jr—A new Neotropical Schendylurus, with key to its South
American congeners (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha: Schendylidae) ——
CROSS, J. L.—New state records of aquatic insects from Virginia ——___
DAVIDSON, J. A.—A redescription of Hemigymnaspis euginae (Lindinger )
(Homoptera:) s Diaspididae) = ee ee
DAVIS, D. R.—Tetrapalpus trinidadensis, a new genus and species of cave
moth from Trinidad (Lepidoptera: Tineidae) —....
DAVIS, D. R.—Careospina quercivora, a new genus and species of moth in-
festing live oaks in California (Lepidoptera: Incurvariidae) —
DAVIS, D. R.—Vespina, a new name to replace the generic homonym
Careospina Davis (Lepidoptera: Incurvariidae) —._.________
DAVIS, H. G.—see FLUNO, J. A.
ENARI, L.—see LEONARD, M. D.
EVANS, H. E.—Incorrect usage of the term new synonym —------
FEDDE, G. F.—An anomalous occurrence of the spruce aphid, Elatobium
abietinum (Walker), in western North Carolina (Homoptera: Aphididae )
FISK, F. W. and A. B. GURNEY—Synopsis of the Neotropical cockroaches
of the genus Nesomylacris (Dictyoptera: Blattaria: Blattellidae) —
FLUNO, J. A., H. G. DAVIS and W. M. ROGOFF—Chloropid flies at-
tracted (to synthetic «chemical Mires sess eee ee
FRANCLEMONT, J. G.—The generic names Salia and Colobochyla of
Hubner«(hepidoptera’ 7 Noctuicl ae) ie a
FRANCLEMONT, J. G.—Notes on species of North American Leucania with
the description on a new species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Hadeninae)
FRANCLEMONT, J. G. and R. W. POOLE—A new genus, Stenaspilatodes
(Lepidoptera: ‘Geometridae: Exanominac )ye ee
FROESCHNER, R. C.—A new species of Gargaphia lace bug from beans in
Colombia (Hemiptera: Tingidae)

GAGNE, R. J.—Craneiobia lawsonianae de Meijere, new synonym of Janeti-
ella siskiyou Felt (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae )

ii

476

316

49

121

472

337

379

196

443

141

GAGNE, R. J.—New synonymy and homonymy in Cecidomyiidae (Dip-
Tea 21) peer ne emi ED Dat SO ee Se
GODFREY, G. L.—tThe last Hagan caterpillars of Oxycilla tripla Grote and
Colobochyla interpuncta (Grote) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) —
GODFREY, G. L.—The last instar caterpillar of Thioptera nigrofimbria
(Guence)! Geepidepteras) Noctuidac)) 2 4 eee ee
GORDON, R. D.—Additional notes on the taxonomy of the genus Zenoria
(@oleopterasCoceinellidae))ii 22 8 i ee ee ee

GURNEY, A. B.—see FISK, F. W.

HEIE, O. E.—Ovatus reticulatus, a new species of aphid from Oxalis in
NortheCarolinas(Homoptera;;Aphididae)) =... 32 2 ee

HERRING, J. L.—A new species of Neoborella fon dwarf mistletoe in
Coloradon( Hemiptera“ Miridae)) 02) ee ee

HODGES, R. W.—Taxonomic notes on the Gelechioidea. Part I: The genus
Hae (me pidoptera)) ies es Se ee a ee eee oe ye ied

HORNUFF, L. E.—see BICK, G. H.

HUANG, Y.-M.—Lectotype designation for Aedes (Stegomyia) galloisi
Yamada with a note on its assignment to the scutellaris group of species
CDipterad:weC@ulicidac)) poste ae eta ee I ge ee 3 ee eee

HUANG, Y.-M.—A redescription of the holotype male of Aedes ( Stegomyia)
tongae Edwards with a note on two topotypic females (Diptera: Cu-
[Weeki levey)).) Rsvt sd) NES Sis ERED eee ebeke sit 12a eee eee SM eh el RA See AA Nae ee

JALIL, M.—The effect of desiccation on some oribatid mites

JOHNSON, P. T.—Hoplopleura intermedia Kellogg and Ferris and its allies,
with the description of a new species (Anoplura: Hoplopleuridae) —

KINGSOLVER, J. M.—Lectotype designations for some Bruchidae described
by Erichson from South America (Coleoptera) __....--_-_-_____

KINGSOLVER, J. M.—Synopsis of the genus Stator Bridwell in the West
Indies, with descriptions of new species (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) —

KROMBEIN, K. V.—Miscellaneous prey records of solitary wasps. VI. Notes
on some species from Greece (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) —

KURCZEWSKI, F. E.—Observations on the nesting behavior of Diploplec-
tron peglowi Krombein (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) —

LANE, J.—The pupae of species of Malaya Leicester from Asia and Aus-
tralasiaw @Dipterass Gulicidae)) se es ee ee ee

LAROCHELLE, A.—Notes on Bembidion rolandi Fall (Coleoptera: Carabi-
GENON) ed te a eo ee ed NR ee Ae) es AE ee oe

LAROCHELLE, A.—Observations on the mating periods of some ground
bectless(@oleoptera::: Carabidae) 22 ee ee ee

LAROCHELLE, A.—Stridulation and flight in some Omophron (Coleoptera:
Garabiaac)) paatees 10.04. bo a Bebe hs 3 wt ei Sete Me oc Sire a oe ae

LAROCHELLE, A.—Wing-dimorphism in Pterostichus patruelis Dejean and
Pterostichus femoralis Kirby (Coleoptera: Carabidae) —

LAROCHELLE, A.—Collecting hibernating Carabidae under snow —

LAROCHELLE, A.—On the biology of some Scaphonotus and Sphaeroderus
Coleopteray Carabidae) 262s SE ee A eee a

LEONARD, M. D.—Aphids in a yellow water-pan in Haddonfield, New
Werse yee ee he A ee ee eo ee, OE eee pais ie ae eh

371

253

LEONARD, M. D., H. G. WALKER and L. ENARI—Host plants of aphids
collected at the Los Angeles State and County Arboretum during 1966
andel. 967 «(Homoptera:i, Aphididae) teeta oa ee ee eee ee

LIN, NORMAN—Territorial behavior among males of the social wasp Polistes
exclamans Viereck (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) —..____»_»_____

MAIN, A. J., Jn. and R. C. WALLIS—Ceratophyllus lari Holland in eastern
Ganadax( Siphonaptera) ‘Geratophyllidac)) === ee eee

McDANIEL, B. and J. O. WHITAKER, Jr.—A new genus and two new
species of listrophorid fur mites from North American shrews (Acarina:
Listrophoridae) 2 tS 23 fe este ee OE ee ee

MESSERSMITH, D. H.—A new species of Culicoides from Colombia (Dip-
tera:) “Ceratopogomidac)) 4s 28) § tA ed ee eee

MOCKFORD, E. L.—Psocoptera records from Easter Island

MUESEBECK, C. F. W.—On the identity of Agonophorus Dahlbom (Hy-
menoptera*s Diapriidae))| ee te ae ee ee eee

O'NEILL, K.—Mycterothrips Trybom, a review of the North American
species, ( Uhysanoptera:. - Dhripidae)) =. eee eee

O'NEILL, K.—A synonymy in western pine-dwelling Leptothrips species
(ihysanoptera: Phiaeothnipidae) j= = =. eee

PILLAI, A. G—see RAMALINGAM, S.

POLHEMUS, J. T.—Notes on the genus Nerthra, including the description
of a new species (Hemiptera: Gelastocoridae) —_.._..________

POOLE, R. W.—see FRANCLEMONT, J. G.

PRICE, D. W.—A new species of Acaropsella Volgin from the nest of a
turkey. vulture™\(Acarina:») @heyletidae)) 222 == 2 eee ee

RAMALINGAM, S.—A new species of Armigeres from Sabah, Borneo
GDiptera>: Culicidaé): ak oc Po ec

RAMALINGAM, S. and A. G. PILLAI—A new species of Malaya from West
Malaysiay( DiptenasyGulicidae))) =e a ee ee eee

REGEV, S.—see SUMMERS, F. M.

REINERT, J. F.—Aedes gouldi, a new species of the subgenus Aedimorphus
Theobald from West Pakistan (Diptera: Culicidae) —

ROGOFF, W. M.—see FLUNO, J. A.

SABROSKY, C. W.—The case of the elusive author ___...-_---------

SABROSKY, C. W. and B. H. BRAUN—Parasitism of milkweed beetles,
Tetraopes (Diptera: Tachinidae—Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) —

SAGLE, J. R—see THOMPSON, P. H.

SAGLE, W. B. III—see THOMPSON, P. H.

SCARBROUGH, A. G.—Records of robber flies from northeastern Arkansas
(Diptera: ~Asilidae)). (222 Aes ot tee ie ee ee eee Bena aee 2

SLATER, J. A——Sweetolethaeus, a new genus of Lethaeini from South Africa,
with the description of two new species, one from termite nests (Hemip-
tera’: ‘Isygaeidae)) 2.0 neh) ihe aes ees

SMILEY, R. L.—A review of the genus Daidalotarsonemus Deleon ( Acarina:
Warsonemidaé)) (22.3 = a

SMILEY, R. L. and G. L. WILLIAMS—A new genus and species of Chey-
letidaei( Acarina)) 2 2 i ee

SMITH, D. R.—A new Gilpinia from China (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) —

iv

306

SMITH, D. R.—Sawflies of the genus Croesus Leach in North America (Hy-
MEN OPtErAwe MentareGinidae) » =e = ex Laka ee See
SMITH, D. R.—The correct host plant for Gilpinia pindrowi Benson (Hy-
Menonleri-e si pnionidae)) i! A ie 2 ee ah et
SMITH, D. R.—New Combinations for Neotropical Sawflies (Hymenoptera:
iNsia\s eis hinite by))¢ ee Sa ee i oer ees SA eee nt tye ee
SMITH, D. R.—Thomas Elliott Snyder, a bibliography —_---.-----.----
SMITH, D. R.—The South American sawfly genus Acidiophora Konow
CEymenoptera: Tenthnreginidaé)) +> et ee
STEYSKAL, G. C.—An unusual habit for a ony of the family Ephydridae __
STEYSKAL, G. C.—A correction to Sturtevant’s paper on the seminal recep-
faclessrete- orethe: Dipteras 1 9D6 x 2 oe yale Sees Be es ed
STEYSKAL, G. C.—Euaresta reticulata (Hendel), new combination (Dip-
tena mee piri acs) he eases Net pan fe eth SEAS SS ee a
STEYSKAL, G. C.—The genus Acrometopia Schiner in North America
GDipntera-auenamacmiyidae)) --. = vu ee ee ee
STEYSKAL, G. C.—Notes on the genus Suillia in Mexico, with the descrip-
tion of a new species (Diptera: Heleomyzidae) —.._________
STEYSKAL, G. C.—A preliminary key to the species of the Neomonieal
genus Tetreuaresta Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae) —
STEYSKAL, G. C.—A preliminary ik to the species of Neotonnnite Hendel
elDimkenarcemme pliriticac: mas tee 2g Pe
STEYSKAL, 1G: Ceri olmon a a montana Frick, new synonym of P.
aicice (lkandbeck)s (Diptera: Agromyzidae)) 22
SUMMERS, F. M., R. WITT and S. REGEV—Evaluation of several char-
acters by which five species of Cheyletus are distinguished (Acarina:
CLES AUSTEN G EYES) TSS ae Se Se cee
THOMPSON, F. C.—The genus Paratropidia Hull ( Diptera: Sennen) —
THOMPSON, P. H.—Tabanidae of Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, eauret
Manyland:) the second-year, (Diptera) 22
THOMPSON, P. H., W. B. SAGLE III and J. R. SAGLE—Summer Tabani-
dae of the Pocomoke river swamps, Worcester County, Maryland ( Diptera )
TODD, E. L.—Distributional records of some Gelastocoridae in the collection
of the American Museum of Natural History (Hemiptera) ~~.
TODD, E. L.—A note on the identity and status of Gonodonta miranda
Raymundo Guepidoptera: Noctuidae) = 2
TODD, E. L.—A note on the generic transfer of “Catabena” esula (Druce)
and new synonymy (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) _____________-__________
TOWNES, H.—The function of the eye stalks in Diopsidae (Diptera)
TOWNES, H.—Incorrect usage of the term “new synonymy” —
TOWNES, H.—Rediscovery of Exochus albiceps (Hymenoptera: Ichneu-
ED (3 ERLE CAC) Fs, Slee a en ee ee Pee
TOWNES, H.—The types of Neotropic Ichneumonidae in the Transvaal
me INA 1S Un gmetad
WALKER, H. G.—see LEONARD, M. D.
WALLIS, R. C.—see MAIN, A. J., JR.
WHEELER, G. C. and J. WHEELER—The subfamilies of Formicidae —_
WHEELER, J.—see WHEELER, G. C.
WHITAKER, J. O., JR.—see McDANIEL, B.

Vv

169

195

35

WHITE, R. E.—A new genus and species of Anobiidae from Brazil (Coleop-
GT AN), peo) lee te at a ter a ie eee Sine Se ee en A

WHITE, R. E.—Three species reassignments, one in Chrysomelidae, two in
Anobidaé:.(: Coleoptera, es = Sas ae ee eS

WILLIAMS, G. L.—see SMILEY, R. L.

WILSON, N.—Notes on some Ctenocephalides from Micronesia (Siphonap-
tera: (Pulicidae)) ye. sie era ite Bi ee ES oe eee

WITT, R—see SUMMERS, F. M.

YONKE, T. R—A new genus and two new species of Neotropical
Chariesterint’ 4((Hemiptera:; |) Coreidae)) 22s) See eee eee

ZAVORTINK, T. J—A new subgenus and species of Megandrena from
Nevada, with notes on its foraging and mating behavior (Hymenoptera:
Ara cleric ae) yh) 2 hae crt etek Fs ay I Ui Ae i a

ZIMMERMAN, E. C.—On the Puerto Rican moth genus Aphanosara Forbes
(Mepidoptera:” «Cosmopterginac) ie ee ee ee

Vi

283

Vol. 74 MARCH 1972 No. 1

PROCEEDINGS

of the

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
of WASHINGTON

DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20560

PUBLISHED QUARTERLY

CONTENTS

BICK, G. H. and L. E. HORNUFF—Odonata collected in Wyoming, South

Makotammand: cNetraskay eo oe) Ou ee ee es Be es A 1
COVELL, C. V., Jr.—A catalog of the J. H. Lovell types of Apoidea with
leCloty me decimmationswt <a) ee een ig Sey Se ee de 10

CRABILL, R. E., Jr—A new Neotropical Schendylurus, with key to its South
American congeners (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha: Schendylidae) — 18

DAVIS, D. R.—Tetrapalpus trinidadensis, a new genus and species of cave
moth from Trinidad (Lepidoptera: Tineidae) _...

DAVIS, D. R.—Careospina quercivora, a new genus and species of moth in-
festing live oaks in California (Lepidoptera: Incurvariidae) 1b

FRANCLEMONT, J. G.—The generic names Salia and Colobochyla of
Hubner (epideptera:, Noctuidae) 2 75

FRANCLEMONT, J. G. and R. W. POOLE—A new genus, Stenaspilatodes
(Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae) 31

FROESCHNER, R. C.—A new species of Gargaphia lace bug from beans in
Colombia i(Hemiptera: Tingidae )\ 028 5 eee RE RAV

GAGNE, R. J.—Craneiobia lawsonianae de Meijere, new synonym of Janeti-
ella siskiyou Felt (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) —...000

(Continued on back cover)

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF WASHINGTON

ORGANIZED Marcu 12, 1884

OFFICERS FOR 1972

Curtis W. Sasrosky, President Paut M. Marsu, Editor
ARTHUR K, Buroitt, JRr., President-Elect Rosert D. Gorpon, Custodian
Dewey M. Caron, Recording Secretary F. EuGENE Woop, Program Chairman
Davin R. Smitru, Corresponding Secretary H. Ivan RAINWATER, Membership Chairman
THEODORE J. SPILMAN, Treasurer REECE I. Samer, Delegate, Wash. Acad. Sci.

All correspondence concerning Society business should be mailed
to the appropriate officer at the following address:

Entomological Society of Washington
c/o Department of Entomology
Smithsonian Institution
Washington, D. C. 20560

Honorary President
C. F. W. MvuESEBECK

Honorary Members

FREDERICK W. Poos
ErNnEst N. Cory
Avery S. Hoyt

MEETINGS.—Regular meetings of the Society are held in Room 43, Natural History Building, Smithsonian
Institution, on the first Thursday of each month from October to June, inclusive, at 8 P.M. Minutes of meetings
are published regularly in the Proceedings.

MEMBERSHIP.—Members shall be persons who have demonstrated interest in the science of entomology.
Annual dues for members are $6.00 (U.S. currency).

PROCEEDINGS.—Published quarterly beginning with March by the Society at Washington, D.C. Members in
good standing are entitled to the Proceedings free of charge. Nonmember subscriptions are $8.00 per year,
both domestic and foreign (U.S. currency), payable in advance. All remittances should be made payable to
The Entomological Society of Washington.

The Society does not exchange its publications for those of other societies.

STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP

Title of Publication: Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington.
Frequency of Issue: Quarterly (March, June, September, December).

Location of Office of Publication, Business Office of Publisher and Owner: The Entomological Society of
Washington, c/o Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560.

Editor: Dr. Paul M. Marsh, same address as above.
Managing Editor and Known Bondholders or ether Security Holders: none.

This issue was mailed March 28 1972

Second Class Postage Paid at Lawrence, Kansas, U. S. A. 66044

ALLEN PRESS, INC. een co LAWRENCE, KANSAS 66044

USA

PROCEEDINGS OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Vol. 74 MARCH 1972 No. 1

ODONATA COLLECTED IN WYOMING, SOUTH DAKOTA,
AND NEBRASKA’

GerorcE H. Bick, Saint Mary’s College, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
and

Loruar E. Hornurr, Central State University, Edmond, Oklahoma 73034

ABSTRACT—Twenty taxa of Odonata are reported for the first time for Wyo-
ming, nine for South Dakota, and two for Nebraska. Habitat data emphasizing
altitude, hot springs, and bogs are given for 57 species collected in Wyoming.
Twelve species were collected above 8,000 ft., 17 at hot spring areas, and 10 were
closely associated with bogs.

On a trip west in July 1969, we collected specimens of adult Odonata
on nine days in Nebraska, South Dakota, and extreme eastern Wyo-
ming. These collections, and the well known scarcity of information
(Kormondy, 1960) for the western states, prompted more diligent
efforts in 1971 in Wyoming.

During July 1971, almost daily collecting of adults in the Teton area,
but also at widely separated Wyoming localities, resulted in a total of
98 collections. Subsequent to Williamson’s (1900) Notes on Wyoming
Dragonflies, no paper has focused on the State. Because of the scarcity
of information for Wyoming and for the west in general, we present a
list of all species which we collected in Wyoming along with brief
habitat notes. However, we consider that our records added to those in
the literature are too limited seasonally and geographically to yield a
comprehensive State list or to permit analysis of distribution within
the State.

Twenty new state records resulted for Wyoming, nine for South
Dakota, and two for Nebraska. New state records for Wyoming are
indicated by an asterisk (*). For South Dakota and Nebraska only
new state records are included. These are based on consideration of
Needham and Westfall (1955), Kormondy (1957, 1960), Montgomery
(1967), Pruess (1967), Westfall (1970).

County names are capitalized. A few specimens of the more abun-
dant species were discarded; most are in the collections of the authors

1 Immediate publication secured by full payment of page charges—Editor.

2 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

execept those donated to the E. B. Williamson Collection, University
of Michigan (U.M.), or to the Florida State Collection of Arthropods,
University of Florida (U.F.).

This work was supported by grants from the New York Zoological
Society. We thank Dr. L. Floyd Clarke, Director, Jackson Hole Bio-
logical Research Station, for extending to us all facilities of the Station,
and the personnel of the Grand Teton National Park for allowing us
to collect in this magnificent setting.

WYOMING

* Ophiogomphus severus montanus (Selys). 1 coll., TETON, Moran, 27.3 mi.
N.W., VI-25-71, 34, 392, at a hot springs area. The locations of our collections
substantiate Walker's (1958) statement that in Canada montanus occurs only in
the Cordilleras, severus in the plains.

Ophiogomphus severus severus Hagen. 2 colls., 26, SHERIDAN. At very
sluggish and moderately swift streams. Our very pale specimens agree substantially
with Walker’s (1958) description except that thoracic stripe 3 is evident.

* Anax junius (Drury). 1 sight record, NATRONA, Casper, 7.3 mi. E., VI-27-
71,5 pairs ovipositing at a well vegetated pond.

* Aeshna californica Calvert. 1 coll., NATRONA, Casper, 7.3 mi. E., VI-27-71,
19. An eastern range extension based on published records, but Westfall (1971)
states that specimens from South Dakota are in the Cornell University Collection.

Aeshna eremita Scudder. 3 colls., 44, 22, FREMONT, TETON. Only at bog
ponds, 6,900-9,000 ft.

Aeshna interrupta interna Walker. 1 coll., 1¢, TETON, at a large, heavily
vegetated bog pond with A. eremita and A. juncea at 8,100 ft.

Aeshna juncea (L.). 2 colls.,2¢, TETON. At bog ponds, 8,100 and 8,300 ft.

Aeshna palmata Hagen. 8 colls., 124, 22, CARBON, SHERIDAN, TETON.
This, the most widespread and frequent Aeshna in our collections, occurred at
diverse habitats below 6,900 ft.

* Somatochlora hudsonica (Selys). 4 colls., all TETON, Moran: 7.9 mi. S., VII-
7-71, 16; 22.3 mi. E., VII-19-71, 34; 12.6 mi. E., VII-24-71, 14; 27.3 mi. N.W.,
VII-25-71, 24. Although widespread in Canada, this species has hitherto been
recorded only from Colorado in the U.S. It occurred from 6,600 to 8,500 ft. at bog
ponds (3) and along a creek fed by hot springs.

Somatochlora minor Calvert. 3 colls., 102,19, TETON. Twice along a moder-
ately flowing creek in a boggy area, once at a hot springs area.

Somatochlora semicircularis (Selys). 13 colls., 4 pairs, 16¢, 89, TETON. At
nearly every bog pond in the Teton area, three collections at 8,300—9,000 ft., the
rest at lower elevations.

Cordulia shurtleffi Scudder. 6 colls., 1 pair, 126, TETON. All from boggy
areas.

* Libellula forensis Hagen. 4 colls., CONVERSE, Douglas 27 mi. N., VI-28-71,
1é; NATRONA, Casper, 7.3 mi. E., VI-27-71, 1¢; TETON, Moran, 27.3 mi.
N.W., VI-14-71, 19, VII-25-71, 19. These records show that the species crosses
the State. In grass-sage areas it occurred at a large, heavily vegetated, clear pond
and along a sluggish, well vegetated creek; in forested mountain areas it was taken
along a creek fed by hot springs.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 3

* Libellula pulchella Drury. 1 coll., NATRONA, Casper, 7.3 mi. E., VI-27-71,
19, with L. forensis at a well vegetated pond.

Libellula quadrimaculata L. 12 colls., 174, 2 sight, FREMONT, NATRONA,
TETON. Frequent and abundant, most often at bog ponds but also at a diversity
of other habitats, none above 6,900 ft.

Libellula saturata Uhler. 3 colls., 2 pairs, 9 ¢, 1 sight, TETON. Kennedy (1917)
and Gloyd (1958, as Belonia saturata) record this species from hot spring areas,
and all of our collections were from such habitats. However, the association with
hot water is not obligatory; we have collected saturata at cold water habitats in
Arizona and Oklahoma.

* Plathemis lydia (Drury). 3 colls., SHERIDAN, Sheridan, 16.4 mi. S.E., VII-
31-71, 1; TETON, Moran, 27.3 mi. N.W., VII-14-71, 4¢, 19, VII-25-71, 36,
19. At both a hot springs area in the forested Tetons and a well vegetated pond
in a grass-sage area of the east. P. subornata was not present in any of our
collections.

Leucorrhinia borealis Hagen. 7 colls., 4 normal pairs, 1 tandem pair of 2 4’s,
15é, 29, FREMONT, TETON. All collections of borealis, hudsonica, proxima
were at boggy areas, whereas intacta was at a large heavily vegetated pond. The
first three species were collected above 6,700 ft., the last only at 4,900 ft.

Leucorrhinia hudsonica (Selys). 7 colls., 3 pairs, 2 ¢-¢-@ triplets, 166, 59,
FREMONT, TETON.

* Leucorrhinia intacta (Hagen). 1 coll., NATRONA, Casper, 7.3 mi. E., VI-
Oi —ielemle ain i).

Leucorrhinia proxima Calvert. 6 coll., 1 pair, 186, TETON.

Sympetrum costiferum (Hagen). 1 coll., 1¢, SHERIDAN.

Sympetrum danae (Sulzer). 4 colls., 2 pairs, 126,59, SUBLETTE, TETON.
From bog ponds (2), a large heavily vegetated pond, and a rushing stream. There
was a mass emergence on VII-17 in Teton Co.

Sympetrum internum Montgomery. 8 colls., 19¢, 59, CARBON, FREMONT,
SUBLETTE, TETON. At a diversity of lentic habitats but once along a rushing
stream. A mass emergence occurred on VII-22 in Sublette Co.

Sympetrum obtrusum (Hagen). 2 colls., 86, 19, SHERIDAN. From con-
trasting habitats in the grass-sage area: with pallipes at a heavily vegetated clear
pond, with costiferum at a moderately flowing stream without vegetation.

Sympetrum occidentale fasciatum Walker. 1 coll., 26, WESTON, at a large,
clear, heavily vegetated pond in the high plains.

Sympetrum pallipes (Hagen). 4 colls., 36, 52, SHERIDAN, SUBLETTE,
WESTON. At clear ponds with abundant vegetation and at a large lake. The
tibiae of three females from Sublette Co. were dark, as Kormondy (1960) pre-
viously noted for specimens from Wyoming and Idaho.

Tarnetrum corruptum (Hagen). 4 colls., 1 pair, 36, 22, CONVERSE, NAT-
RONA, TETON.

Erythemis collocata (Hagen). 2 colls., 76, 59, TETON. Abundant at a hot
springs area along a small, rocky, moderately flowing creek where females ovi-
posited at one of the many adjacent boggy depressions. The L/W ratio of abdom-
inal segment IV in both sexes is as Gloyd (1958) figures for collocata, but our
non-pruinose females have much more abdominal dark coloring than she figures
for collocata.

4 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

* Calopteryx aequabilis (Say). 1 coll., TETON, Moran, 27.3 mi. N.W., VII-
25-71, 14, 19, at a creek in a hot springs area.

* Hetaerina americana (Fabricius). 1 coll., CROOK, Devil’s Tower National
Monument, VII-15-69, 2 4, along the swiftly flowing Belle Fourche River.

Lestes congener Hagen. 1 coll., 2¢, SHERIDAN, at a clear, heavily vegetated
pond.

Lestes disjunctus disjunctus Selys. 10 colls., 3 pairs, 25¢, 12, CROOK, SUB-
LETTE, TETON. This species and dryas were most frequent at bog ponds, but
both also occurred at a diversity of other habitats.

Lestes dryas Kirby. 14 colls., 5 pairs, 426, 89, FREMONT, NATRONA,
SUBLETTE, TETON. There was a mass emergence on VII-10 at a bog pond in
the Tetons.

* Lestes forcipatus Rambur. 1 coll., SHERIDAN, Sheridan, 14 mi. S.E., VII-
31-71, 14, at a well vegetated pond. This site is near the westernmost limits of
the species.

Lestes unguiculatus Hagen. 4 colls., 3 pairs, 64, CROOK, SHERIDAN,
WESTON. At well vegetated ponds.

* Argia alberta Kennedy. 2 colls., TETON, Moran, 27.3 mi. N.W., VII-14-71,
14; VII-25-71, 1 pair, 4¢. Ata hot springs area.

Argia emma Kennedy. 4 colls., 1 pair, 9¢, 32 (16, 12 U.M.), CONVERSE,
CROOK, FREMONT, SHERIDAN. Along moderately to swiftly flowing streams.

* Argia fumipennis violacea (Hagen). 1 coll., CROOK, Devil’s Tower National
Monument, VII-15-69, 2 pairs, 2¢ (2¢ U.M.), along the swiftly flowing Belle
Fourche River.

Argia vivida Hagen. 4 colls., 6 pairs, 14¢, 19, TETON. At creeks fed by hot
springs.

Amphiagrion sp. 22 colls., 13 pairs, 284, 892 (4 pairs, 8¢, 39 to U.M.), CAR-
BON, CONVERSE, CROOK, FREMONT, NATRONA, SHERIDAN, SUBLETTE,
TETON. From diverse habitats: bogs, well vegetated ponds, sluggish streams,
hot springs. Our specimens are obviously distinct from Pennsylvania ones of
saucium (Burmeister) and from California specimens of abbreviatum (Selys) in
our collection. Since odonatists have recognized that representatives of Amphiagrion
from central U.S. probably constitute an undescribed taxon, we are not assigning
a specific name to our material.

* Nehalennia irene (Hagen). 1 coll., WESTON, Newcastle, 10 mi. S., VII-16-
69,14,192 (both U.F.), at a well vegetated pond.

Coenagrion resolutum (Hagen). 17 colls., 5 pairs, 6046, 19, FREMONT,
SUBLETTE, TETON. Abundant at nearly every bog pond in the Tetons and
frequent above 8,000 ft.

Enallagma anna Williamson. 11 colls., 19 pairs, 604, CROOK, FREMONT,
NATRONA, SHERIDAN, SUBLETTE, SWEETWATER, TETON. Nearly always
(10) associated with streams, one of which was fed by hot springs.

* Enallagma antennatum (Say). 1 coll., CROOK, Devil's Tower National
Monument, VII-15-69, lpair, 7¢ (4 U.F.), 19, abundant and pairing along the
swiftly flowing Belle Fourche River. This is a westward extension of an eastern
species previously reported west to North Dakota and Oklahoma.

Enallagma boreale Selys. 23 colls., 13 pairs, 50¢, CONVERSE, FREMONT,
NATRONA, SUBLETTE, TETON, WESTON. Primarily at bog ponds, but also
at a great diversity of static water from 4,300 to 9,000 ft., and the most frequent

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 5

species above 8,000 ft. E. boreale was second only to cyathigerum in frequency
and abundance. Walker (1953) seldom found the two together, but cyathigerum
was with boreale in 14 of our 23 collections.

* Enallagma carunculatum Morse. 2 colls., NATRONA, Casper, 7.3 mi. E., VI-
97-71, 16; SHERIDAN, 18.9 mi. S.E., VII-31-71, 16. Im grass-sage areas at
ponds with abundant vegetation.

Enallagma civile (Hagen). 3 colls., 4g, CONVERSE, FREMONT. At turbid
ponds with little or no submerged vegetation.

Enallagma clausum Morse. 2 colls., 1 pair, 46, FREMONT, SHERIDAN. Ata
large, sparsely vegetated, wind-swept lake and a small, algae-covered pond.

Enallagma cyathigerum (Charpentier). 45 colls., 43 pairs, 159¢, CARBON,
CONVERSE, CROOK, FREMONT, NATRONA, SHERIDAN, SUBLETTE,
TETON, WESTON. This species, the most frequent and abundant in our records,
occurred at all habitats except swiftly flowing streams. In the Teton area it was
at nearly every site except those above 8,100 ft.

Enallagma ebrium (Hagen). 3 colls., 34, SHERIDAN, WESTON. Only at
heavily vegetated ponds.

* Enallagma hageni (Walsh). 2 colls., CROOK, Devil’s Tower National Monu-
ment, 4 mi. S., VII-15-69, 36 (U.F.); NATRONA, Waltman, VI-29-71, 1 pair.
At heavily vegetated ponds.

Enallagma praevarum (Hagen). 3 colls., 102, CONVERSE, CROOK, SHERI-
DAN. At well vegetated habitats: a swiftly flowing stream, a sluggish stream, and
a pond.

* Ischnura cervula Selys. 8 colls., CARBON, Saratoga, 10.6 mi. S.E., VII-31-
71,54; CONVERSE, Douglas, 27 mi. N., VI-28-71, 1¢, 12; NATRONA, Casper,
12 mi. W., VI-25-71, 24; Casper, 7.3 mi. E., VI-27-71, 146, 39; Waltman, VI-
99-71, 14, 19; SHERIDAN, Sheridan, 16.4 mi. S.E., VII-31-71, 26; TETON,
Kelly, 1.5 mi. N.E., VII-12-71, 1 pair, 36, 29; Moran, 27.3 mi. N.W., VII-14-71,
14. These records are among the easternmost for the species which we collected
across the State. It was the only Ischnura in the Teton area. There it occurred
at hot spring areas, elsewhere at well vegetated ponds and sluggish streams.

* Ischnura damula Calvert. 4 colls., CONVERSE, Douglas, VI-28-71, 23 mi. N.,
16, 27 mi. N., 446, 19; NATRONA, Casper, 7.3 mi. E., VI-27-71, 16; WESTON,
Newcastle, 10 mi. S., VII-16-69, 3¢ (U.F.), 59. At large, well vegetated ponds
and sluggish streams.

Ischnura perparva Selys. 8 colls., 306, 49, CONVERSE, FREMONT,
NATRONA, SHERIDAN. At sluggish to moderately flowing streams (5), and at
ponds (3).

* Ischnura verticalis (Say). 6 colls., CARBON, Saratoga, 10.6 mi. S.E., VI-31-
71, 16; CONVERSE, Douglas, 27 mi. N., VI-28-71, 16; CROOK, Devil’s Tower
National Monument, 4 mi. S., VII-15-69, 2¢ (U.F.); NATRONA, Casper, 7.3 mi.
E., VI-27-71, 76; SHERIDAN, Sheridan, 16.4 mi. S.E., VII-31-71, 3¢; WESTON,
Newcastle, 10 mi. S., VII-16-69, 44, 22. At well vegetated ponds and a sluggish
stream. These records are among the westernmost for the species.

Distribution—The 20 new State records for Wyoming may be
grouped into two categories: 1. The collection fills a gap in the distri-
bution of A. junius, S. hudsonica, L. forensis, L. pulchella, P. lydia, L.
intacta, C. aequabilis, H. americanan, A. alberta, A. f. violacea, N. irene,

6 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

E. carunculatum, E. hageni, I. damula. 2. The collection is near the
limits or extends the range of O. s. montanus, A. californica, I. cervula,
eastward, and L. forcipatus, E. anetnnatum, I. verticalis, westward.

Elevation.—Ten sites at 8,100-9, 600 ft. were sampled: bog ponds
(8), bog lake (1), bog creek (1). Odonata were not seen at the three
locations above 9,100 ft. Species present and the number of collections
of each were: A. eremita (2), A. i. interna (1), A. juncea (2), S.
hudsonica (2), S. semicircularis (3), L. borealis (2), L. hudsonica (1),
L. proxima (1), L. d. disjunctus (1), C. resolutum (4), E. boreale (5),
E. cyathigerum (1). A. juncea alone was restricted to these higher
elevations, but this species is reported (Walker, 1958) from lower
elevations in other parts of the world.

Our Wyoming data, plus information from Bethel (1915), Calvert
(1923), and Hess (1940) for Colorado, Ahrens (1938) for California,
and Musser (1962) for Utah provide records of 18 taxa of Anisoptera
above 8,000 ft. Most of these were also reported by the same authors
at lower elevations, and none occurred above 8,000 ft. in all states. We
conclude that none of the above, reported at such high elevations, can
be considered obligate high altitude species, and that the differences
in lists from the four states must be due to a multiplicity of factors
rather than to altitude per se.

As far as we can determine, our Wyoming records of L. d. disjunctus,
C. resolutum, E. boreale, and E. cyathigerum are the only ones of
Zygoptera above 8,000 ft. from the westem states.

Habitat——The array of species collected at hot spring areas, bogs,
and lotic water was of particular interest.

In the Tetons, four sites fed by warm to hot water springs were
sampled: two non-rocky creeks, one pond, and a large thermal area
consisting of a rocky creek, boggy areas, and a small pond. Nymphs
were not collected, but adults of many species were associated with
these areas. The species and the number of collections of each were:
O. s. montanus (1), S. minor (1), S. hudsonica (1), L. forensis (2), L.
quadrimaculata (2), L. saturata (4), P. lydia (2), L. hudsonica (2), E.
collocata (2), C. aequabilis (1), L. dryas (1), A. alberta (2), A. vivida
(4), Amphiagrion sp. (4), E. anna (3), E. cyathigerum (1), I. cervula
(1). Of these, montanus, saturata, alberta, vivida, and collocata were
collected only at hot spring areas. However, we have found the first
four at habitats other than hot springs in other parts of the U.S., and
Gloyd (1958) collected collocata in Texas at both hot and cold springs.
In our experience, the often recorded association of vivida with spring
fed water holds whether such water is hot or cold. Of the species
listed above from hot spring areas in Wyoming, the following are
reported by others from such habitats: forensis, lydia, cyathigerum

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 a

(Kennedy, 1917), cervula, vivida (Walker, 1953), collocata (Gloyd,
1958), saturata (Kennedy, 1917; Gloyd, 1958).

The greatest diversity of species was associated with ponds or small
streams bordered by wet areas with dark soil containing abundant
organic matter. We combined all such collections under the term bogs
without considering pH, plant composition, or quaking substrate.
These areas, common in the Tetons, yielded 21 species. However,
most of these were also recorded from other habitats. We calculated
the degree of species-habitat association for species represented in five
or more collections. Among these 18 species, the majority of collections
of 10 were from bogs. These and the per cent occurrence at bogs were:
L. borealis (100), L. proxima (100), C. shurtleffi (100), C. resolutum
(94), S. semicircularis (93), L. hudsonica (71), L. quadrimaculata
(64), E. boreale (63), L. d. disjunctus (60), L. dryas (57).

In contrast with the diversity of species at bogs and thermal areas,
very few were associated with lotic water. Odonata were absent along
the cold rushing melt waters of streams such as Wind River, Pilgrim,
Pacific, Lava, and Cascade Creeks but were present along the much
more moderately flowing streams, where only A. emma and E. anna
were characteristic.

SoutH DAKOTA

The following are new State records:

Gomphus (Gomphus) graslinellus Walsh. 2 colls., CUSTER, Custer State
Park, VII-12-69, 4 4, VII-13-69, 2 pairs.

Aeshna interrupta interna Walker. 2 colls., CUSTER, Custer State Park, VII-
12-69, 19, VII-13-69, 19.

Somatochlora minor Calvert. 1 coll., CUSTER, Custer State Park, VII-13-69,
1é. Although there are no published South Dakota records, Westfall (1971)
states that he has specimens from the State.

Sympetrum costiferum (Hagen). 1 coll., YANKTON, Yankton, 5 mi. W., VII-
9-69, 2°.

Argia alberta Kennedy. 1 coll., YANKTON, Yankton, 5 mi. W., VII-9-69, 24,
HON (SEM):

Argia emma Kennedy. 2 colls., CUSTER, Custer State Park, VII-12-69, 12,
VII-13-69, 19.

Argia plana Calvert. 1 coll., YANKTON, Yankton, 5 mi. W., VII-9-69, 32, 19
(16 UM).

Enallagma carunculatum Morse. 1 coll., YANKTON, Yankton, 5 mi. W., VII-9-
69,14 (U.F.).

Enallagma ebrium (Hagen). 1 coll., CUSTER, Custer State Park, VII-13-69,
14 (UF.).

These nine new South Dakota records may be grouped into two
categories: 1. The collection fills a gap in the distribution of G.
graslinellus, S. minor, S. costiferum, E. carunculatum, E. ebrium. 2.

8 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

The collection is near the limits or extends the range of A. i. interna,
A. alberta, A. emma, eastward, of A. plana northward.

NEBRASKA

The following are new State records:

Sympetrum ambiguum (Rambur). 1 coll., BLAINE, Brewster, 5 mi. E., VII-
18-69, 1¢é.

Coenagrion resolutum (Hagen). 1 coll., CHERRY, Valentine, 15 mi. E., VI-
24-71, 14.

The Nebraska collection of C. resolutum fills a gap in its distribution,
and the collection of S. ambiguum is near the western limits of its range.

REFERENCES

Ahrens, C. 1938. A list of dragonflies taken during the summer of 1936 in west-
ern United States. (Odonata). Ent. News 49:9-16.
Bethel, E. 1915. Sympetrum corruptum, a dragonfly at a high altitude. Ent.
News 26:119.
Calvert, P. P. 1923. Leucorhinia proxima [sic] at a high altitude in Colorado
(Odon.: Libellulidae). Ent. News 34:88.
Gloyd, L. K. 1958. The dragonfly fauna of the Big Bend Region of Trans-Pecos
Texas. Univ. Mich. Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. 593: 1-23.
Hess, A. D. 1940. The altitudinal range of dragonflies in the Pikes Peak region
(Odonata). Ent. News 51:31-32.
Kennedy, C. H. 1917. Notes on the life history and ecology of the dragonflies
(Odonata) of central California and Nevada. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 52:483-635.
Kormondy, E. J. 1957. Records of western Odonata with notes on Amphiagrion
abbreviatum (Selys). J. Ent. Soc. Kansas 30:108—110.
1960. New North American records of Anisopterous Odonata. Ent.
News 71:121-130.
Montgomery, B. E. 1967. Geographical distribution of the Odonata of the
North Central States. Proc. N.C. Branch Ent. Soc. Amer. 22:121—129.
Musser, R. J. 1962. Dragonfly nymphs of Utah (Odonata: Anisoptera). Univ.
Utah Biol. Ser. 12:1-66.
Needham, J. G. and M. J. Westfall, Jr. 1955. A Manual of the Dragonflies of
North America. Univ. Calif. Press, Berkeley, 615 p.
Pruess, N. C. 1967. Checklist of Nebraska Odonata. Proc. N.C. Branch Ent.
Soc. Amer. 22:112.
Walker, E.M. 1953. The Odonata of Canada and Alaska. Vol. 1. Univ. Toronto
Press, Toronto, 292 p.
1958. Ibid. Vol. 2. 318 p.
Westfall, M. J. 1970. To our colleagues. Processed Communication. May 20,
1970.
1971. Personal communication. Nov. 17, 1971.
Williamson, E. B. 1900. Notes on a few Wyoming dragonflies (Order Odo-
nata). Ent. News 11:453-458.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, No. 1, MARCH, 1972 9

A NEW SPECIES OF NEOBORELLA FROM DWARF
MISTLETOE IN COLORADO
(HeMIPTERA: MIRIDAE)

Jon L. Herrinc, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service,
U.S. Department of Agriculture!

ABSTRACT—A new species of Miridae, Neoborella xanthenes from dwarf mis-
tletoe in Colorado is described.

The following species of Neoborella is being described to provide a
name for Robert E. Stevens’ work on dwarf mistletoe, Arceuthobium
americanum Nuttall. The new species of Neoborella and also the type
species, tumida Knight, appear to be important associates of dwarf
mistletoes.

Neoborella xanthenes, n. sp.

6. Length 3.6 mm, width 1.5 mm. Head: width 33 units’, vertex 11; eyes
large, subequal to width of vertex, extending below insertion of antennae; frons
obliquely, transversely striate, rather distinctly alutaceous, entire frons and vertex
concolorous brownish yellow, clothed with very short pale pubescence; basal carina
prominent. Rostrum: reaching to middle of hind coxae, straw yellow, reddish
brown at apex. Antennae: proportion of segments I-IV, 14:41:16:9, segment
II subclavate, at apex nearly equal to thickness of segment I, HI and IV much
more slender; I and II straw yellow, III and IV fuscous; clothed with fine yellow
pubescence. Pronotum: length 25, width at base 47: disk closely, deeply and
evenly punctate, punctures extending between and before calli, lateral margins
rounded and ecarinate, calli narrow, convex, smooth; collar distinct, slender, in
contact with eyes, not raised to level of base of vertex; entire pronotum straw
yellow, clothed with very short pale pubescence. Scutellum: very strongly convex,
punctate as the pronotal disk but sparser; mesoscutum broadly exposed, somewhat
darker in color than scutellum and its pubescence longer and more prominent.
Sternum: straw yellow with some fuscous markings on pleura, osteolar peritreme
very pale, almost white. Hemelytra: embolar margins rather strongly arcuate;
distinctly punctate, as deeply and evenly as the pronotum, surface subopaque,
clothed with very short, pale pubescence; cuneus strongly deflexed; completely
straw yellow with a pair of very faint fuscous markings medially at the level of
the cuneal fracture. Membrane uniformly pale fuscous, veins straw yellow. Legs:
pale straw yellow; tibiae pubescent, spines evident. Venter: straw yellow with
some pale fuscous markings along sides of abdomen, yellowish pubescence in-
creasing in length posteriorly; form of genital claspers very similar to that of
tumida.

@. Length 4 mm, width 1.8 mm, more robust than the male but very similar
in color and practically without fuscous markings. Head: width 32, vertex 12.
Antennae: proportion of segments I-IV, 10:30:14:18.

1 Mail address: c/o U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560.
? In all of the following measurements, 39 units = 1 mm.

10 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MAaRcH, 1972

Holotype, ¢ (USNM type no. 71613), Redfeather Lakes, Colorado,
September 7, 1970, R. Stevens. Allotype, ?, same locality and collector,
August 31, 1970. Paratypes, same locality and collector, August 31,
1970, 12, September 3, 1970, 32, September 7, 1970, 142, September
15, 1970, 2¢, 22. All of the above were taken from dwarf mistletoe,
Arceuthobium americanum. Material deposited in the USNM.

N. xanthenes can be separated from tumida, the only other species,
by color alone. It is almost completely straw yellow rather than exten-
sively marked with fuscous. It differs also in the much more densely
and deeply punctured hemelytra, with their much shorter and incon-
spicuous pubescence, and the different proportion of the antennal
segments, segment II is approximately 3 times the length of I, whereas
in tumida it is 5 times.

REFERENCE

Knight, H. H. 1925. Descriptions of thirty new species and two new genera of
North American Miridae (Hemiptera). Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 20(1):48-50.

A CATALOG OF THE J. H. LOVELL TYPES OF APOIDEA
WITH LECTOTYPE DESIGNATIONS'

( HYMENOPTERA )

CHARLES V. CovELL, JR., Department of Biology, University of
Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40208

When I became curator of the insect collection at the University of
Louisville in 1964, about half of the John H. Lovell collection of bees
had been incorporated into the institutional collection, donated by Dr.
Harvey B. Lovell (son of J. H. Lovell). The remainder of the collec-
tion, including many specimens collected by Harvey Lovell, was do-
nated to the University by Eleanor Lovell Irwin and John H. Lovell II
upon the death of their father Harvey in November, 1969. Part of
this material was still at the old Lovell home in Waldeboro, Maine.
With the help of a travel grant from Dr. John A. Dillon, Jr., Dean of
the Graduate School, I visited Waldeboro in August, 1970, and brought
to Louisville the final portion, consisting of 40 Schmitt boxes containing
about 8,000 specimens.

Because of the presence of the J. H. Lovell collection and the contri-

1 University of Louisville contribution in Biology No. 139 (New Series ).

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 11

butions to the studies of pollination by Dr. Harvey B. Lovell, the Uni-
versity of Louisville insect collection has been named the Lovell Insect
Museum. This is even more appropriate since the Lovell bee collection
forms the most important single segment of the collection, now num-
bering close to 100,000 specimens. The Lovell material comprises about
16,000 specimens, some of them representing insects of orders other
than Hymenoptera taken on flowers by J. H. or H. B. Lovell.

THe LovELL Types

Between 1905 and 1911 John H. Lovell published 34 names in the
Apoidea, 15 of them with T. D. A. Cockerell as junior author. All were
species names except two, which were proposed as varietal names.
Lovell spent most of his creative years at Waldeboro, Maine, which is
the type locality for all but 10 of the taxa he described. Pellett (1939)
gives a résumé of his life.

Lovell did not designate types in his descriptions and often did not
indicate the number of specimens on which a given name was based.
In most cases, however, he did label specimens as “type male” or “type
female,” and a few apparent paratypes as “cotype.” In some cases
more than one specimen of a sex was labeled “type.” Collection data
usually accompany the specimens, but dates are missing on some.
There are individual collection numbers on almost all specimens which
I am considering types; however, the journal which explains these
numbers has not yet been located among the Lovell papers.

Fourteen names were based on single specimens and a lectotype for
Melissodes illata was designated by LaBerge (1956a). T. B. Mitchell
borrowed most of the types from the University of Louisville for study
in preparing his Bees of the Eastern United States (1960, 1962). He
affixed lectotype labels to many specimens, but did not designate these
lectotypes in his publications. In 1970 he returned the specimens, and
suggested that I make the lectotype designations where needed. In
most cases my designations follow his selections, which seem to con-
form in the most part to the intentions of Lovell as indicated by type
labels on specimens.

The primary types for all Lovell names were in the Lovell collection,
with the following exceptions: Prosopis binghami (holotype in the
British Museum), Sphecodes banksii (3 of 4 syntypes in the Museum
of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University), and Halictus oblongus
(no specimens found conforming to collection data in original descrip-
tion). For the sake of accessibility and safety of these specimens, I
have, with the unanimous consent of my department faculty, deposited
them along with the paralectotypes and other specimens listed below,
in the U.S. National Museum in Washington, D.C. The total number
is 156 specimens.

12 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

In addition to the Lovell types, I have turned over to the USNM
paratypes of names proposed by other authors who had given the
specimens to Lovell. These specimens are:

Andrena alleghanyensis Viereck, 1 paratype female
Andrena braccata Viereck, 1 paratype female
Andrena bradleyi Viereck, 1 paratype male
Andrena rehni Viereck, 1 paratype female

Colletes mesocopus Swenk, 1 paratype female
Halictus pruinosiformis Crawford, 1 paratype female
Halictus robertsoni Crawford, 1 paratype female
Halictus vierecki Crawford, 1 paratype female
Nomada gibbosa Viereck, 2 paratypes female
Proteraner leptanthi Cockerell, 2 cotypes male
Trachandrena daeckei Viereck, 2 paratypes female

Also included in this lot are 7 specimens labeled as types of 3 names
in Andrena which seem to be manuscript names of Viereck. Since I can
find no evidence that these names were published, I shall not list them.

Present status of the Lovell names may be found in Muesebeck et al.
(1951) and its supplements. Arrangement below is in alphabetical
order by genus and trivial names.

List OF SPECIMENS

1. Halictus craterus Lovell, 1908, pp. 35-36. Thirty specimens, all from Walde-
boro, Maine, seem to comprise the type series (no number of specimens was indi-
cated in the original description). I designate as lectotype the female with the
following labels: “224;” “Waldeboro, Maine;” “Iris versicolor, June 24-July 5;”
“Halictus craterus n. sp. type female;” and “holotype female” (red label apparently
affixed recently). I have labeled as paralectotypes 5 females and 24 males repre-
senting the following collection dates and flower sources: 1 female, Salix bebbiana,
May 13, 1904; 2 females, Eupatorium perfoliatum, Aug. 24, 1904; 2 females,
Leontodon autumnalis, Sept. 6, 1905; 10 males, Carduus arvensis, Aug. 7, 1904;
10 males (including one labeled “Halictus craterus n. sp. type male” by Lovell),
Aralia hispida, July 30, 1904; and 4 males, Leontodon autumnalis, Sept. 6, 1905.
USNM Type No. 71566.

2. Halictus divergens Lovell, 1905b, p. 299. Holotype by monotypy labeled
“1894:” “Waldeboro, Maine;” “Cultivated blackberry, June 24;” “Halictus divergens
female type;” and “holotype” in red. Abdomen missing. USNM Type No. 71567.

3. Halictus hortensis Lovell, 1905a, p. 39. Fourteen specimens seem acceptable
as a type series. One male, labeled as “type male” must be excluded, as no male
was mentioned in the description. Likewise, a female collected in 1905 and
labeled “cotype female” cannot have been used in formulating the description,
which appeared in the Feb., 1905, Can. Ent. I designate as lectotype female the
specimen labeled “1776;” “Waldeboro, Maine;” “Cultivated blackberry, June 19;”
“Halictus hortensis female type;” and “Halictus hortensis Lov. lectotype by Mitch.”
All 13 females which I have labeled as paralectotypes were collected at Waldeboro
on flowers listed in Lovell’s original description. Dates of capture on these flowers

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 13

are as follows: 4 specimens on rhubarb, 3 labeled “June,” 1 labeled “June 12;” 3
on cultivated blackberry, 2 taken June 19, 1 taken June 25; 4 on Japan plum, 1
taken May 26, the others May 29; and 2 on garden red rose (one headless ), taken
July 9. USNM Type No. 71568.

Although years are not designated on any labels with the above-mentioned
specimens, I am convinced that all were taken during 1904 or earlier because of
the collection numbers they bear. Although I have not found the notebook which
explains these numbers, the numbers with the specimens I consider to comprise
the type series are in a range of 076 to 1937. Many other bees in the Lovell
Collection have years indicated, and some in the 1000 to 2000 range of code num-
bers were also labeled “1904.”

4. Halictus pilosus Smith var. leuacocomus Lovell, 1908, pp. 37-38. Four speci-
mens, all females from Waldeboro, Maine, seem to comprise at least part of
Lovell’s type series. I designate as lectotype female the specimen bearing the
following labels: “3379;” “Waldeboro, Me., J. H. Lovell;” “Plum, May 28, 1905;”
“Halictus leucocomus;” and “Halictus pilosus var. leucocomus Loy. lectotype by
Mitch.” Collection data on the specimens I have labeled as paralectotypes are as
follows: 1 on plum, May 28, 1905; 1 on Crataegus coccinea, June 14, 1905; and 1
on Solidago, Sept. 6, 1905. Another female taken July 6, 1905, at Waldeboro on
Rosa humulis, although not a paralectotype, is included in this series. USNM Type
No. 71569.

5. Halictus nubilus Lovell, 1905a, p. 40. Three females in the Lovell Collection
seem qualified as syntypes. A specimen labeled “type male,” although included
with this series, must be disqualified since only the female was described. I
designate as lectotype the female bearing the following labels: “2220;” “Waldeboro,
Me., J. H. Lovell;” “Solidago, Aug. 21;” and “Halictus nubilus female cotype.” I
have labeled as paralectotype the other two females. One bears a “type female”
label, but is not designated as lectotype because the abdomen is missing. This
specimen was taken at Waldeboro on Solidago on Aug. 19, and is numbered
“9140.” The other bears Waldeboro and Solidago labels, “Aug. 25,” and “2214.”
I have been unable to locate any syntypes taken on Iris versicolor, which Lovell
referred to in his description as the second flower source of specimens. USNM
Type No. 71570.

6. Halictus oblongus Lovell, 1905a, p. 40. Lovell states “Both male and female
specimens were taken on Eupatorium perfoliatum, August twenty-fourth.” I have
found no specimens in the Lovell Collection with these label data, nor any labeled
as types of this species. There is, however, one male taken on Solidago Aug. 21 at
Waldeboro with a label “Halictus oblongus des. as male of versans type.” Lovell
(1908, p. 38), in discussing versans, mentions that “The male described with this
species belongs to H. oblongus.” In the description of H. versans (Lovell, 1905a,
p. 39) is the statement “Two males taken on Solidago are referred to this species.”
The above specimen is one of the two, and is intended to represent oblongus
instead of versans. I cannot, however, consider this male a type of oblongus, since
it is not mentioned in the original description.

7. Halictus arcuatus Robertson var. parisus Lovell, 1908, p. 36. Acceptable as
syntypes are 3 females and 5 males from Waldeboro with label data corresponding
to the statement in the original description “The female was taken almost exclu-
sively on Rhus typhina, July 10; and the male on Eupatorium perfoliatum, Aug.
25.” I designate as lectotype the female with the following labels: “3698;”

14 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

“Waldeboro, Me., J. H. Lovell;” “Rhus typhina, July 10, 1905;” “Halictus arcuatus
Robt. var. parisus, n. var. female;” and “Halictus arcuatus var. parisus Lov.
lectotype.” The others have been labeled as paralectotypes. All the paralectotype
females I have labeled were taken on Rhus typhina, July 10, 1905, although
Lovell’s statement quoted above indicates at least one other source and/or date.
USNM Type No. 71571.

8. Halictus planatus Lovell, 1905b, p. 300. Three females from Waldeboro
seem qualified as syntypes; but a specimen labeled “type male” must be excluded
since only the female was described. I designate as lectotype the female labeled
as follows: “2541;” “Waldeboro, Me., J. H. Lovell;” “Aralia trifolia, May 21,
1904;” “Halictus planatus female type;” and “Halictus planatus Lov. lectotype by
Mitch.” The two females I have labeled as paralectotypes were taken on Salix
bebbiana, May 13, 1904, and on Aralia trifolia, May 23, 1904. The former speci-
men is labeled “Halictus planatus female type,” and is slightly out of agreement
in collection data with that reported in the original description (“Collected on
willows, May 6-12 ...”). USNM Type No. 71572.

9. Halictus versans Lovell, 1905a, p. 39. I designate as lectotype the female
bearing the following labels: “1339; “Waldeboro, Me., J. H. Lovell;” “Epilobium
angustifolium, July 23;” “Halictus versans female;” and “Halictus versans Lov.
lectotype by Mitchell.” A second female seems to be Lovell’s intended type, as
it bears the label “Halictus versans female type,” as well as data labels in con-
formity with those in the description. To avoid confusion, I am abiding by
Mitchell’s choice, and labeling this a paralectotype. Two other females, taken on
the same flower species on the same date, have also been labeled paralectotypes
(one is headless). No females from other flowers have been labeled as paralecto-
types. Lovell (1908, p. 38) mentions E. angustifolium alone as the source of
females, although he originally stated that the “female is described from specimens
taken on Epilobium angustifolium; it has also been found on Solidago and other
flowers.” Because of the confusion regarding males of this species (see discussion
of H. oblongus, above) I have not labeled any males as paralectotypes. There is,
however, a male mentioned in Lovell (1908, p. 39), which accompanies the type
series. USNM Type No. 71573.

10. Halictus viridatus Lovell, 1905b, p. 300. The type series seems to consist
of 10 females and 2 males from Waldeboro, Maine. I designate as lectotype the
female with the following pin data: “1707;” “Waldeboro, Maine;” “Rhubarb,
June 12;” “Halictus viridatus female type;” and “Halictus viridatus Loy. lectotype
by Mitch.” Of the remaining females, 5 were collected in June on rhubarb (one
on June 12), and the other 4 on cultivated blackberry (3 on June 19, one on June
25). One of the rhubarb specimens bears Lovell’s type label in wording identical
to that of the lectotype. Of the two males, only one gives flower Solidago and
date Aug. 20; the other is labeled Aug. 11. Both bear Lovell’s labels, “Halictus
viridatus male type;” and the Aug. 11 specimen has a lectoallotype label affixed
by Mitchell. USNM Type No. 71574.

11. Megachile albula Lovell and Cockerell, 1907a, pp. 18-19. I have found
only one of the two males cited on p. 19 of the original description, and designate
it as lectotype male. The pin data are: “1241;” “Waldeboro, Me., J. H. Lovell;”
“Epilobium angustifolium, July 30;” “Megachile albula male Lov. and Ckll. Type;”
“Megachile albula Loy. and Ckll. Holotype;” and “Megachile (Delomegachile )
gemula Cress. det. Mitch.” USNM Type No. 71575.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 15

12. Megachile decipiens Lovell and Cockerell, 1907a, pp. 19-20. Both males
cited in the description are at hand. I designate as lectotype male the specimen
labeled; “3705;” “Waldeboro, Me., J. H. Lovell;” “Rhus typhina, July 10, 1905;”
“Megachile infragilis male;” “Type Megachile decipiens male Loy. and CkIL.;”
“Megachile decipiens Lov. and Ckll. lectotype by Mitch.;” and “Megachile
(Megachile) inermis Prov. det. Mitch.” The paralectotype male is also from
Waldeboro, and bears Lovell’s type label; it was collected July 30 on Epilobium
angustifolium. USNM Type No. 71576.

13. Melissodes apicata Lovell and Cockerell, 1906, p. 111. Holotype female by
monotypy bears the following labels: “2901;” “Waldeboro, Me., J. H. Lovell;”
“Pontederia cordata, July 21, 1904;” “Type;” and “Melissodes apicata Lov. and
Ckll., female holotype.” Mentioned by LaBerge, 1956b, p. 555. USNM Type No.
(AleKhe

14. Melissodes illata Lovell and Cockerell, 1906, pp. 110-111. The type series
of six specimens includes a male and a female designated by LaBerge (1961, p.
567) as lectotype male and lectoallotype female. I have found 3 females and
another male which also seem to be in the series used by Lovell, and have labeled
them paralectotypes. All 6 specimens were collected at Waldeboro. The lectotype
female is labeled “3831;” “Waldeboro, Me., J. H. Lovell;” “Solidago, Aug. 13,
1905;” “Type;” “Melissodes illata n. sp.;” “Lectotype male Melissodes illata
Lovell and Cockerell det. W. E. LaBerge.” The females were all taken on Solidago;
the lectoallotype is dated Aug. 26, the others Aug. 7, 8, and 13, 1905. The paralecto-
type male was taken on Inula helenium Aug. 3, 1905. I have not found any males
taken on Epilobium angustifolium as mentioned on p. 111 of the original descrip-
tion. USNM Type No. 71578.

15. Nomada florilega Lovell and Cockerell, 1905, p. 41. Of two female syntypes
I designate as lectotype the specimen bearing the following labels: “2638;”
“Waldeboro, Me., J. H. Lovell;” “Aralia hispida, July 30, 1904;” “Nomada florilegus
[sic] Lov. and Ckll. female type;” and “Nomada florilega Loy. and Ckll. Lectotype
by Mitch.” The paralectotype female, also from Waldeboro, is dated “July, 1904,”
and bears Lovell’s type label. USNM Type No. 71579.

16. Nomada (Xanthidium) subrutilia Lovell and Cockerell, 1905, p. 40.
Holotype by monotypy is a male from Waldeboro, Maine, collected on Viola
rotundifolia on May 4, 1886. USNM Type No. 71580.

17. Osmia inspergens Lovell and Cockerell, 1907a, p. 17. Holotype by monotypy
is a female from Waldeboro, Maine, collected “July?” on Vaccinium macrocarpon.
The specimen bears the number “393” in Lovell’s collecting series. USNM Type
No. 71581.

18. Osmia melanotricha Lovell and Cockerell, 1907a, p. 16. The original de-
scription indicates 7 females in the type series, six taken on Rubus strigosus June
16-18, and one on Epilobium angustifolium, July 16, 1905. The series at hand
consists of 4 females, of which I designate as lectotype the specimen bearing the
following labels: “3501;” “Waldeboro, Me., J. H. Lovell;” “Osmia melanotricha
L and C Type;” and “Osmia melanotricha Loy. and Ckll. Holotype” put on by
Mitchell. The three paralectotypes are also from Waldeboro. Two were collected
on Rubus strigosus, one June 16, 1905; the other June 18, 1905. The third is the
single specimen taken on E. angustifolium on July 16, 1905. The paper refers to
a specimen from Boulder Co., Colo., which probably remained with Cockerell.
USNM Type No. 71582.

16 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

19. Prosopis binghami Lovell, 1910, pp. 180-181. The holotype by monotypy
was originally the male of P. affinis Smith, described from “U.S. America.” Lovell
decided it was not conspecific with the type female, and named this new species.
The specimen, probably collected in East Florida, is apparently still in the British
Museum ( Natural History. )

20. Prosopis melitina Lovell, 1911, p. 214. Holotype female by monotypy was
collected by S. A. Shaw at Hampton, New Hampshire, July 4, 1907. USNM Type
No. 71583.

21. Prosopis minyra Lovell, 1909, pp. 413-414. Holotype male by monotypy
was collected by Nathan Banks at Church Bridge, Va., June 9. USNM Type No.
71584.

22. Prosopis telepora Lovell, 1911, pp. 213-214. The series of one female and
two males from Southern Pines, North Carolina, is intact. I designate as lectotype
male the specimen labeled as follows: “Southern Pines, N. C., iv. 9, A. H. Manee,
10 [no doubt meaning “1910”];” “Thorn;” “Prosopis teleporus male Type;” and
“Prosopis teleporus Loy. Lectotype by Mitch.” The paralectotypes bear the dates
given in the original description. USNM Type No. 71585.

23. Sphecodes banksii Lovell, 1909, p. 416. All four syntypic females from Sea
Cliff, Long Island, N.Y. have been located. Three, including one labeled “type”
and the others “cotype,” are in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard
University; the fourth is now with the other Lovell types in the USNM. I designate
as lectotype the female in the MCZ labeled “type,” and have sent to Dr. Howard
E. Evans a lectotype label for this specimen. The three paralectotypes are so
labeled. The USNM paralectotype is USNM Type No. 71586.

24. Sphecodes distolus Lovell, 1909, pp. 416-417. Holotype female by mono-
typy was collected at Great Falls, Virginia, July 17, by Nathan Banks. USNM Type
No. 71587.

25. Sphecodes galerus Lovell and Cockerell, 1907b, pp. 106-107. Holotype
female by monotypy was collected at Hampton, New Hampshire, Sept. 9, 1905, by
S. A. Shaw. USNM Type No. 71588.

26. Sphecodes heterus Lovell, 1911, pp. 212-213. The holotype female by
monotypy was collected by S. A. Shaw at Hampton, New Hampshire. The pin
data reads “ix. 6. 1908,” but the date given in the description is Sept. 9, 1909.
The specimen has a penned label “213” and another in red ink, probably written
by Lovell, reading “Sphecodes heterus female type.” USNM Type No. 71589.

27. Sphecodes lautus Lovell and Cockerell, 1907b, p. 102. The holotype female
by monotypy bears the following labels: “3927;” “Waldeboro, Me., J. H. Lovell;”
“Spiraea salicifolia, Aug. 4, 1905;” “Sphecodes lautus n. sp. Type female;” and a
red holotype label affixed by Harvey B. Lovell. USNM Type No. 71590.

28. Sphecodes levis Lovell and Cockerell, 1907b, pp. 105-106. One female and
one male were designated in the original description, and are at hand. I designate
as lectotype the female, which bears the following labels: “014;” “Waldeboro,
Maine;” “Cornus canadensis, June 11-July 1;” “Sphecodes levis female n. sp. Type;”
and a red holotype label affixed by H. B. Lovell. The paralectotype male, also
from Waldeboro, was collected on Solidago bicolor, and is numbered “979.” USNM
Type No. 71591.

29. Sphecodes nephelotus Lovell and Cockerell, 1907b, p. 106. The description
was based on 14 males, of which all but three were found in the Lovell Collection.
I designate as lectotype the male bearing the following labels: “2810;” “Waldeboro,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 7

Me., J. H. Lovell;” “Solidago juncea, Aug. 7, 1904;” “Sphecodes nephelotus n. sp.
Type male;” and a red holotype label in H. B. Lovell’s hand. The paralectotypes,
all from Waldeboro, include 2 males taken on C. arvensis, Aug. 6, 1905; 3 on S.
juncea, Aug. 7, 1904 (2) and Aug. 3, 1905 (1); and 5 on Solidago (1 without
abdomen), Aug. 17. USNM Type No. 71592.

30. Sphecodes obscurans Lovell and Cockerell, 1907b, p. 103. Holotype female
by monotypy was collected on Aralia hispida at Waldeboro, Maine, by J. H. Lovell.
It bears labels “505” “Sphecodes obscurans n. sp. Type female,” and a red holotype
label affixed by H. B. Lovell. USNM Type No. 71593.

31. Sphecodes paraplesius Lovell, 1911, p. 213. Holotype female by monotypy
is labeled: “Kingston, R.I., 19 June 10;” and “Sphecodes paraplesius female Type.”
The description states that the specimen was “received from Professor John
Barlow.” The date given is “June 10,” but the label seems to me to indicate June
19, 1910. There is also a red holotype label. USNM Type No. 71594.

32. Sphecodes persimilis Lovell and Cockerell, 1907b, p. 103. Two syntypic
females are indicated in the original description, but I have found only one. I
designate this specimen as lectotype. It is labeled: “948;” “Waldeboro, Maine;”
“Umbellifer, July 14;” and “Sphecodes persimilis n. sp. Type female.” It also bears
a holotype label. The other specimen was also collected on “Umbelliferous flowers”
at Waldeboro on July 19. USNM Type No. 71595.

33. Sphecodes prosphorus Lovell and Cockerell, 1907b, pp. 104-105. Two
females and two males from Waldeboro were found in the Lovell Collection with
data indicating them as syntypes. I designate as lectotype the female labeled as
follows: “3438;” “Waldeboro, Me., J. H. Lovell;” “Crataegus coccinea, June 14,
1905;” and “Sphecodes prosphorus n. sp. Type female.” Of the paralectotypes,
the female also bears a holotype label affixed apparently by H. B. Lovell, and was
collected on the same host and date as the lectotype. The paralectotypes male
were taken on Aralia hispida, July 30, 1904, and on Solidago, Aug. 17, 1905.
Also included in the series is a third male taken at Waldeboro Aug. 9 on Solidago
(“2087”) which is apparently not conspecific with the others. USNM Type No.
71596.

34. Sphecodes shawi Lovell, 1911, p. 212. The holotype female by monotypy
was taken June 8, 1909, at Hampton, New Hampshire, by S. A. Shaw. USNM
Type No. 71597.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I wish to thank the following for their assistance in this study: Dr. John A.
Dillon, Jr., Dean of the Graduate School, University of Louisville; Dr. Howard E.
Evans, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University; Dr. Karl V. Krombein,
U.S. National Museum of Natural History; Mr. John H. Lovell II, Freeport, Bahama
Islands; and Dr. Theodore B. Mitchell, North Carolina State University. I am
particularly grateful to Dr. Paul D. Hurd, Jr., U.S. National Museum of Natural
History, for his copious help and for reviewing the manuscript.

REFERENCES

LaBerge, W. E. 1956a. Catalogue of the types in the Snow Museum. Part I.
(Hymenoptera). Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull. 38(1):501-531.
1956b. A revision of the bees of the genus Melissodes in North and
Central America. Part II. Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull. 38(1):533-578.

18 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

1961. A revision of the bees of the genus Melissodes in North and
Central America. Part III. Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull. 42(5) :283-663.
Lovell, J. H. 1905a. Four new species of Halictus from Maine. Can. Ent.
37 (2) :39-40.
—————. 1905b. Some Maine species of Halictus. Can. Ent. 37(8):299-300.
1907. The Colletidae of southern Maine. Can. Ent. 39(11):363-
365.
1908. The Halictidae of southern Maine. Psyche 15:32-40.
—————.. 1909. The bees of Virginia—Prosopis, Sphecodes, Osmia. Ent.
News 20:412-417.
1910. The Prosopididae of southern Maine. Psyche 17:177-185.
1911. New records of bees: Sphecodes and Prosopis (Hym.) Ent.
News 22:211-215,
and T. D. A. Cockerell. 1905. The nomadine and epeoline bees of
southern Maine. Psyche 12:39—42.
1906. Notes on the bees of southern Maine: Anthophoridae, Halic-
toididae, Macropidae and Panurgidae. Psyche 13:109-113.
1907a. The Megachilidae of southern Maine. Psyche 14:15-21.
1907b. The Sphecodidae of southern Maine. Psyche 14:101-110.
Mitchell, T. B. 1960. Bees of the Eastern United States. Vol. I. N. C. Agr.
Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull. 141, 538 pp.
1962. Ibid., Vol. II. N. C. Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull. 152, 557 pp.
Muesebeck, C. F. W., K. V. Krombein, and H. K. Townes. 1951. Hymenop-
tera of America north of Mexico—synoptic catalog. U.S.D.A. Agr. Mon. 2,
1420 pp.
Pellett, F. C. 1939. John H. Lovell. Notes on the life and writings of the
Maine naturalist. Amer. Bee J., Dec. 1939:568-570.

A NEW NEOTROPICAL SCHENDYLURUS, WITH KEY TO ITS
SOUTH AMERICA CONGENERS
(CHILOPODA: GEOPHILOMORPHA: SCHENDYLIDAE )

R. E. CraBit1, JR., Department of Entomology, Smithsonian
Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560"

ABSTRACT—Schendylurus olivaceus, n. sp. is described from Brazil and a
key to the South American species of Schendylurus is given.

So far as is known, Schendylurus inhabits only two areas of the globe,
roughly speaking, the facing coasts of South America and Africa. It
seems reasonable to suppose that this distribution, especially with par-

1 This study was undertaken with the aid of a grant from the National Science
Foundation. I am also indebted to my friend, Dr. Herbert Levi, Museum of
Comparative Zoology, Harvard, for the generous hospitality and unstinting aid
that facilitated this and many other studies.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 19

allels in other schendylid genera, is not happenstance, for surely it
suggests that historically there have been faunal exchanges between
the two continents. Whether one or the other was donor or recipient
or both donor and recipient I am not confidently prepared to say. And
yet in light of this and other evidence it is tempting to imagine a move-
ment from east to west on innumerable rafts carried by the South
Equatorial Current.

The new species, olivaceus, is plainly most like the Suranamian
gracilis Attems, from which it differs most notably as follows. In
gracilis: (1) First sternite with porefield. (2) Tarsungular basal tooth
present. (3) Undivided porefields present through sternite 37, that is,
well toward the posterior end of the body. In olivaceus: (1) First
sternite without a porefield. (2) Tarsungular basal tooth absent. (3)
undivided porefields present only through sternite 15, that is, only on
anterior portion of the body.

Schendylurus olivaceus, n. sp.

Holotype: male. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, Serra dos Orgaos, 1900-
2100 m. April 19-20, 1965. H. W. Levi, leg.; in log. Deposited in the
Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University.

GENERAL. Length, 35 mm. Leg pairs, 49. Body of uniform width over
anterior 34, posterior 4% gradually attenuate. Color: head and legs bright yellowish-
orange; dorsum pale olivaceous, with subsurface deep purplish band; pleuron
flecked with purplish splotches.

ANTENNAE. Length to head length, 3.5:1. Filiform, each article except the
first much longer than wide. Setae distally gradually decreasing in length and
increasing in number. Articles 5, 9, and 13 each with a tiny distoventral group of
abnormally short, modified setae, all robust, some with one point, some trifid; 14th
article ectally and mesally with a subterminal group of clavate setae. CEPHALIC
PLATE. Greatest length to greatest width, 10:9. Shape: anteriorly notably wider
than posteriorly, 9:6; anteriorly rostrate, sides slightly excurved, rear straight.
Prebasal plate totally exposed. Dorsally slightly domed. Cephalic suture absent.
Anterior half totally coarsely areolate; posterolaterally weakly areolate. CLYPEUS.
Uniformly fulvous except for an anterocentral, minutely areolate colorless area
invested with two conspicuously long seate. Plagulae absent. Clypeolabral suture
absent. Paraclypeal sutures: complete; meeting lateral ends of fulturae; sinuously
curved. Buccae each with an anteromesal plagula. Fulturae: long, transverse,
not oblique; anterior margin of cross-members coarsely areolate. Setae: sparse,
the majority lateral, only about 12 anterocentral; posteriorly none except the 2
prelabral. LABRUM. Laterally and posterolaterally smooth, not areolate. Uni-
partite; the very shallow medial embayment with 17 blunt, shortly robust dark
teeth, with 2-3 teeth laterad thereof. MANDIBLE. Shaft proximally strongly curved;
condyle prominent; corpus divided; dentate lamella with 13 dark teeth in three
blocks, viz. 7, 3, 3. FIRST MAXILLAE. Coxosternum: anteroposteriorly deep;
lappets scabrous, well-developed, robust. Telopodite: biarticulate; demarcated
clearly from coxosternum; lappets very robust, reaching % the telopodite length.

20 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MaRcH, 1972

SECOND MAXILLAE. Isthmus anteroposteriorly deep, areolate, neither hyaline
nor suturate. Postmaxillary sclerites large, discrete from both isthmus and postero-
lateral extensions. Telopodite: articles length, longest to shortest, 1, 3, 2; article 1
basal condyles both present, equal; terminal claw very long, to length of article 3,
9:14, on edge with a row of hyaline filaments, distally notably curved.

FORCIPULAR SEGMENT. Flexed prehensors: long, slightly exceeding anterior
head margin; all articles unarmed. Tarsungula: presentation dorsomesal; ventral
edge finely serrulate; poison calyx long, of linear type, not subspherical. Pro-
sternum: Pleurograms and anterior denticles absent; pleuroprosternum sutures
strongly oblique, complete.

TERGITES. Setae: on anterior body shorter and less numerous than on posterior
body. Bisuleate. Distinctly pale olive-green; their translucent surface revealing
underlying deeply pigmented diamond-shaped alary bodies (nephrocytes?) which
collectively are manifest as a long, geminate band. PLEURITES. Flecked with
subsurface purplish splotches. Spiracles subcircular. LEGS. Relatively long, espe-
cially tarsi. Moderately shortly hirsute but without notably long setae. Pretarsal
parungues: anterior parungues double, posteriors single and slightly longer than
the anteriors. STERNITES. All longer than wide, this lengthening an increasing
tendency cephalocaudally. Sulci and carpophagus-structures absent. Coarsely
areolate except for smooth area surrounding each porefield. Ventral porefields:
present on 2nd through ultimate sternite minus 2; on 2 through 15 undivided,
transversely elliptical, on 16 through ultimate minus 2 centrally divided, each
subcircular, becoming very small on rear body.

ULTIMATE PEDAL SEGMENT. Pretergite laterally separate from its pleurites.
Tergite wider than long. Presternite medially undivided. Sternite: wider than
long; laterally slightly convergent. Coxopleura: little inflated, short; dorsally non-
porous; each ventrally with two large homogeneous gland cavities which exit
beneath sternite margin. Telopodite: longer than penult; the two tarsalia notably
narrower than foregoing articles; distotarsus slightly longer than proximotarsus;
pretarsus a setose turbercle.

POSTPEDAL SEGMENTS. Male gonopods rather flat, biarticulate. Anal pores
absent.

Schendylurus: Key To SouTH AMERICAN SPECIES

The underlying key, except for the second couplet, has been modified
from Attems (Tierreich, Lief. 52, pp. 73-74, 1929, and Sonderab. Ann.
Naturh. Mus. Wien, Bd. 55, pp. 86-87, 1947). Because of the poverty of
useful information in their original descriptions two species have not
been included in this key: colombianus Chamberlin (Occas. Papers
Mus. Zool. Michigan, 97, p. 20, 1921) and iguapensis Verhoeff (Zool.
Jahrb., Bd. 71, p. 379, 1938). Although their placement in the latter
part of the key is uncertain, there is no question in my mind that they
are distinct from the new species proposed here.

la. Ultimate pretarsus present as a setose tubercle —____-_--__-_-_______ 2
libs ‘Ultimate pretarsus ‘wholly absent 24s eee 3
2a. First sternite with a porefield. Tarsungula with a small basal tooth;
ventral edge not serrulate. Single porefields present through sternite 37
Rape Pee eRe «83 as 8 ee es Se ee eee eraciise Attems

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 21

2b. First sternite without a porefield. Tarsungula basally without a tooth;
ventral edge smooth. Single porefields present only through sternite
USS et ee de IN ee oie olivaceus, n. sp.
Sam Rorefeldss presentronly. on anterior body.2- ==
Dew ee ee luederwaldi Broelemann and Ribaut

3b. Porefields present on anterior and posterior body —— 4
AnweRirstestermiteawitneporerield) 21... A eee ee ee 5
Aba. kurstistermtenwithout poretield . ee ee a
DalaeAlieporehields undivided 2. labbanus Chamberlin
Shae Poreticlds of posterior body divided .. =. 6

Ga. Leg pairs, 47. Only porefields 19-22 divided _—..-_
peeemtrs Seaate ae Meret eee ___. tropieus Broelemann and Ribaut

6b. Leg pairs, 69. Most porefields divided _-___________ demelloi Verhoeff
ame @eriaineporeficlds: divided =. 2! ss. ee ee 8
ip Alle noretic dsaunGivided |) 2-280 =... de Ee ee 9
8a. Leg pairs, 65. Labrum with about 30 teeth. Clypeus with about 40
irregularly distributed setae ____________________________ gounelli (Broelemann )
8b. Leg pairs, 51. Labrum with about 12 teeth. Clypeus with about 25
seriate setae ae verhoeffi Broelemann and Ribaut
9a. Leg pairs, 47. Sternites without carpophagus-structures. Penult without
PIOTGHE Cleese teenie ees ene 8 aS lesnei Broelemann and Ribaut
9b. Some sternites with carpophagus-structures. Penult with porefield 10

10a. Antennae 3 times longer than head. Ultimate tarsus 2 times longer and
thinner than tarsus 1. Prehensors not reaching head margin. Leg

VOCUS, BI Lee coe ee en perditus Chamberlin
10b. Antennae 2x longer than head. Ultimate tarsus 2 equal to tarsus 1.
Prehensors reaching head margin. Leg pairs, 47 __ bakeri Chamberlin

A NEW GILPINIA FROM CHINA
(HYMENOPTERA: DIPRIONIDAE )

Davw R. Smiru, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural
Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture*

ABSTRACT—Gilpinia disa, n. sp., from Yunnan Province, China, is described.

While identifying some Asian Diprionidae, I discovered an unde-
scribed species of Gilpinia Benson in the U.S. National Museum collec-
tion. The species of this family are all potential forest pests, and I
believe it worthwhile to describe this new species at this time.

1 Mail address: c/o U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560.

22; PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

Sa
Ani

ay MENS
vy" all i Nv
tTetboc) tibia > ie

Figs. 1-2. Gilpinia disa, n. sp.: 1, lancet; 2, sheath, dorsal view.

The tips of the antennae, front legs, and all tarsi are missing in both
specimens. However, the specimens are not damaged enough to ob-
scure the generic and specific characters required for identification of
the Diprionidae.

Gilpinia disa, n. sp.

Female.—Length, 6.7 mm. Black, with midtibia, hindtibia except extreme
apex, and each tarsus whitish; maxillary and labial palpi, first and second antennal
segments, and posterior two-thirds of tegula brownish. Wings lightly, uniformly
infuscated.

Antenna with more than 15 segments (apex broken); ramus of each segment
beyond third nearly twice as long as its segment. Head shining, moderately punc-
tate, punctures distinct and usually separated; malar space longer than length of
first two antennal segments. Thorax shining; mesopleuron and mesosternum
moderately punctate, punctures distinct and separated; punctures of mesonotum
small except for mesoscutellum which has large coarse punctures. Cenchri broad,
distance between cenchri shorter than breadth of one. Hindtibial spurs simple,
inner spur half length of hindbasitarsus. Anal cell of forewing with crossvein;
anal cell of hindwing long and broad, its petiole subequal to width of cell at its
widest point. Abdomen shining, with well-spaced punctures, fewer punctures on
tergites 2 to 6. Sheath with scopa; lateral halves of scopa long, laterally expanded
(fig. 2); cerci short, less than one-third length of sheath. Lancet as in fig. 1,
with 10 annuli; annuli parallel; ventral margin of lancet straight.

Male.—Unknown.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 23

Holotype——Female, U. S. N. M. type no. 71215, labeled “8th Malaria
Survey APO 627, XII-27-44, S. Billings 2541.” According to notes on
file in the Systematic Entomology Laboratory, U.S. Department of
Agriculture, APO 627 refers to specimens collected from September
1943 to December 1945 from Kunming, China (Yunnan Province ).

Paratype.—One female, same data as for holotype. In the U.S.
National Museum.

Host.—Unknown.

Discussion.—All characters agree with those of the genus Gilpinia
as defined by Benson (1939) except for the shorter petiole of the anal
cell of the hindwing. The almost entirely black coloration, the ex-
panded scopa of the sheath, the simple hindtibial spurs, and the lancet
should distinguish this species from all other described species of
Gilpinia. This species is unlike any of those treated by Takeuchi
(1940) in his study of the Diprionidae of the Japanese Empire or by
Gussakovskii (1947) in his revision of the Palaearctic Diprionidae.
Only two other species of Diprionidae have been recorded from China,
Nesodiprion biremis (Konow) and Gilpinia marshalli (Forsius).
Forsius (1931) described marshalli from Foochow, China. Gilpinia
coreana (Tahagi), described from North Korea, may also occur in
China.

The name proposed for this species is an arbitrary combination of
letters and should be treated as a noun.

REFERENCES

Benson, R. B. 1939. On the genera of the Diprionidae (Hymenoptera Sym-
phyta). Bull. Ent. Res. 30:339-342.

Forsius, R. 1931. A new Diprion from China. Not. Ent. 11:26—27.
Gussakovskii, V. V. 1947. Faune de L’URSS, Insectes Hyménoptéres, Vol. 2,
No. 2. Chalastogastra (pt. 2), 234 pp. [In Russian, summary in English].
Takeuchi, K. 1940. A systematic study on the suborder Symphyta (Hymenop-

tera) of the Japanese Empire (III). Family Diprionidae. Tenthredo 3:188—199.

NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS

Effective immediately, page charges for regular papers are raised from $6.00 to
$10.00 per printed page and for immediate publication from $18.00 to $25.00 per
printed page. All manuscripts received after November 18, 1971 will be charged
at this rate.

24 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

LECTOTYPE DESIGNATIONS FOR SOME BRUCHIDAE
DESCRIBED BY ERICHSON FROM SOUTH AMERICA
( COLEOPTERA )

Joun M. Kincsotver, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural
Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

ABSTRACT—Lectotype designations are given for 5 of the 7 species of South
American Bruchidae described by W. F. Erichson (Coleoptera ).

Erichson described seven species of Bruchidae from South America
in 3 papers (1834, 1847, 1848). One of these species, Bruchus spinipes
Erichson, 1834, was treated by Decelle (1966), who placed it in the
genus Pseudopachymerina. Both Pic (1913) and Decelle (1966) er-
roneously listed the date of publication of this species as 1833.

Type series of the other six species were kindly loaned to me by Dr.
F. Hieke of the Zoological Museum, Humboldt University, Berlin.
Lectotypes are herein designated where necessary, and label data and
sex of specimens are given. The species are also placed in their proper
genera where this is possible. All specimens are deposited in the
Zoological Museum, Humboldt University.

Bruchus jaspideus Erichson, 1847, p. 125

Lectotype, ¢, present designation, bearing following labels “jaspideus Er. Peru
v. Tschudi, Humboldt Museum No. 53708.” Paralectotype ¢; label data “Peru v.
Tschudi 53708.”

This species is a junior synonym of Pseudopachymerina spinipes (Er.). Its
correct combination is Pseudopachymerina jaspideus (Er.), new combination,
new synonymy.

Spermophagus lupinus Erichson, 1848, p. 567
Unique type, 2°, bearing following labels “lupinus- Er., Brit. Guyan, Schombg.,
Humboldt Museum type No. 53421.”

The correct combination for this species is Amblycerus lupinus (Er.), first used
by Blackwelder (1946).

Bruchus ramicornis Erichson, 1848, p. 567

Lectotype, @, present designation, bearing following labels “Brit. Guiani,
Schomb, Humboldt Museum No. 53630,” and “ramicornis Er.” Paralectotype, ¢;
label data “Brit Guyana Schomburgh 53630.”

The correct combination for this species is Megacerus ramicornis (Er.) first
used by Blackwelder (1946).

' Mail address: c/o U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 25

Bruchus tabidus Erichson, 1847, p. 124

Lectotype, 2, present designation, bearing following labels “tabidus Er. Peru
v. Tschudi, Humboldt Museum No. 53698.” Five paralectotypes, 2¢, 39, each
with the label “Peru v. Tschudi 53968.”

Blackwelder (1946) placed this species in Acanthoscelides, a broad, composite
genus presently under study, and I prefer to leave it under that combination
pending completion of the revisionary studies.

Bruchus testudinarius Erichson, 1847, p. 124

Lectotype, 2, present designation, bearing following labels “testudinarius Er.
Peru v. Tsch., Humboldt Museum No. 53513.” Paralectotype 2, label data “v.
Tschudi 53135.”

Blackwelder (1946) placed this species in Acanthoscelides, but the correct
combination is Stator testudinarius (Er.), new combination.

Bruchus eulophus Erichson, 1847, p. 124

Lectotype, ¢, present designation, bearing following labels “eulophus Er. Peru
v. Tschudi, Humboldt Museum No. 53632.” Six paralectotypes, 2¢, 49, all with
identical labels “Peru v. Tschudi 53632.”

Blackwelder (1946) placed this species in Acanthoscelides, but the correct com-
bination is Megacerus eulophus (Er.), new combination.

REFERENCES

Blackwelder, R. E. 1946. Checklist of the Coleopterous insects of Mexico,
Central America, the West Indies, and South America. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus.
185 :551—763.

Decelle, J. 1966. La bruche Sud-Americaine des Acacias: Pseudopachymerina
spinipes (Erichson). Bull. Ann. Soc. Roy. d’Ent. Belg. 102:109-116.

Erichson, W. F. 1834. Beitrage zur Zoologie, gesammelt auf einer Reise um
die Erde von Dr. F. J. F. Meyen, sechste Abteilung Insekten bearbeitet von
Herrm W. Erichson und H. Burmeister. Coleopteren bearbeitet von Dr. W.
Erichson. Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 16, Suppl.:219-284.

1847. Conspectus insectorum quae in Republica Peruana observata
sunt. Arch. Naturg. 13:67-185.

1848. Die Insekten. In Schomburg’s Reise in Guiana 3:533-617.
Leipzig.

Pic, M. 1913. Coleopterorum Catalogus, pars 55, Bruchidae. Vol. 26. W. Junk.
Berlin, 74 p.

26 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

APHIDS IN A YELLOW WATER-PAN IN HADDONFIELD,
NEW JERSEY

MortIMer D, LEoNnArD, Collaborator, Entomology Research Division,
Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture+

ABSTRACT—During a 10-year period 125 species of winged aphids have been
collected from a yellow water-pan in Haddonfield, New Jersey. Of these, 28
species have not otherwise been found in New Jersey. The 125 pan aphids con-
stitute 53% of the 237 species known to occur in the State.

Haddonfield, New Jersey is situated just across the river from Phil-
adelphia. It is a very old, established community with many tree-
lined streets with lawns and gardens of ornamental shrubs and flowers.
The surrounding area has woods, ponds, streams and fields and many
kinds of plants grow wild.

For many years my wife and I have visited her sister’s home in
Haddonfield and during the growing season I have always collected
aphids in the vicinity. I finally conceived the notion of placing a
yellow water-pan out in the yard of this home to see if it would attract
flying aphids in that particular situation. The cover of an ash can
about 22 in. in diameter was painted on the concave surface a rich
yellow and raised a couple of feet above the ground. The pan was
first used about 1960 and aphids have been identified from it through
1969 and some in 1970.

During this past decade the pan was in operation during my periodic
visits two or three times a year from spring to fall for a week or ten
days to a couple of weeks at a time. However in 1963 it was in almost
continuous operation from July to the end of November. A fairly
accurate record shows that over 4,000 winged aphids were collected
from the pan during the decade it was in operation.

To date, about 237 species of aphids have been recorded as occurring
in New Jersey. Of these about 125 species have also been found in the
pan—53% of the total. Of these, 28 species have never been collected
on plants in New Jersey.

Names or initials in parentheses following collections refer to the
determinor. Otherwise, all determinations were made by Dr. F. W.
Quednau, Research Laboratory, Candian Forest Service, Quebec Can-
ada to whom I am most grateful.

ANT is Dr. A. N. Tissot, University of Florida.

JOP is Prof. J. O. Pepper, State College, Penna.

1 Mail address: 2480 16th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 27

Rolston is Dr. L H. Rolston, Louisiana State University.

Testerman is Gladys Testerman, late of Haddonfield, N.J.

The figures which follow each collection date indicate the number
of specimens.

List Or Apuuips?

Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris). 14-24.VII.65—2 (Rolston); 12-23.X.69—3
(Rolston ).

* Amphorophora agathonica Hottes. 16-23.V.70—1.

Anoecia corni (Fabricius). 16-30.1X.63—9; 1-31.X.63—6; 1-5.XI.65—2 (all
MDL).

Anoecia querci (Fitch). 16-30.IX.63—4; 16-31.X.63—11; 12-23.X.69—2.

* Aphis armoraciae Cowen. 22-30.VII.63—3; 14-24.VI.69—1. Rocky Mountain
Region and N.Y.

Aphis cephalanthi Thomas. 22-30.VII.63—13; 14-24.VI.69—16.

Aphis coreopsidis (Thomas) 14-24.VI.69—12; 12-23.X.69—1; 16-23.V.70—7.

Aphis craccivora Koch. 23-31.VII.63—38; 16-31.X.63—2; 14-24.VI.69—1.

Aphis fabae Scopoli. 16-30.1X.63—16; 16-31.X.63—64; 11-19.XI.66—1; 14-24.
VI.69—6; 12-23.X.69—16; 16-23.V.70—34.

* Aphis farinosa Gmelin. 14-24.VI.69—1. Pa on Salix & NY.

Aphis gossypii Glover. 16-30.IX.63—9; 16-31.X.63—10; 11-19.1X.66—10; 14-24.
VI.69—9; 12-23.X.69—13.

Aphis helianthi Monell. 14-24.V1.69—4.

Aphis incognita Hottes & Frison—see Ceodaphis.

* Aphis maculatae Oestlund. 16-31.X.63—1. Also in Pa. D.C. NY.

Aphis nasturtii Kaltenbach. 14-24.VI.69—1.

Aphis nerii Boisduval. 23-31.VII.63—1; 12-23.X.69—8. 2nd NJ.

Aphis oenotherae Oestlund. 16-30.1X.63—1.

Aphis pomi DeGeer. V.61—3. (MDL ).; 23-31.VII.63—1; 14-24.VI.69—1.

Aphis rubifolii (Thomas). 13-31.VII.63—1; 16-31.X.63—1; 14-24.VI.69—3; 12-
23.X.69—1.

Aphis rumicis Linnaeus. 23-30.V1I.63—5; 14-24.VI.69—1.

Aphis sambucifoliae Fitch. IX.61—1 (MDL); 16-30.1X.63—3; 16-31.X.63—7.

Aphis spiraecola Patch. 23-30.VII.63—75; 16-31.X.63—9; 14-24.VI1.69—118; 12-
23.X.69—11; 16-25.V.70—24.

Aphis viburniphila Patch. 23-30.V1I.63—1; 16-23.V.70—1.

Brachycaudus cardui (Linnaeus). 12-23.X.69—1.

Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kaltenbach). 16-31.X.63—1.

Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus). 23-31.VI.63—1; 16-31.X.63—80; 16-30.IX.63—
26; 11-19.XI.66—1; 22-24.X.68—4; (MDL); 12-23.X.69—1.

Calaphis alni Baker. 18.VI.67—2. (Also Mo Wisc Pa Va N B Canada).

Calaphis betulaecolens (Fitch). 17-18.V1.66 and 19-22.VI.66—16 (MDL & FWQ)
(Omitted from “More Records of New Jersey Aphids ).

Calaphis betulella Walsh. IX.61—3; VIII.63—3; 9-15.V.65—6; 16.VI.67—2; 13-
22. V1.67—2; 15.VI.66—3; 17-18.VI.66—6; 19-22.VI.66—3; 14-24.VI.69—9; 16-
23.V.70—1. (All MDL).

2 Species preceded by an asterisk (*) have not been found on plants previously
in New Jersey.

28 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972
>

Calaphis (Calipterinella) callipterus (Hartig). 14-24.VI.69—25. (Also Hyatts-
ville, Md. Nov 1965 on white birch).

Calaphis castaneae (Fitch). 12-28.X.69—2.

Calaphis leonardi Quednau. (A birch aphid). 16.VI.67—2; 12-23.X.69—4; 16-
23.V.70—17. Also in NY (Stat. Id.) Mass. N B and Que.

* Capitophorus carduinus (Walker). Recorded from California, Wash & Mo. 16-
31.X.63—1; 14-24.VI.69—1; 12-23.X.69—1.

Capitophorus elaeagni (del Guercio) 15-25.V.61—3 and IX.61—1 (Testerman
coll); 16-31.X.63—169 incl. 53 males; 16-30.XI.63—63; 1-15.XI.65—3; 16.VII.
65—2; 16.VI.66—1—all MDL det.

Capitophorus hippophoes (Walker). 18.[X—early XII.60 very many incl. males
(Testerman coll) probably a mixture of this species and elaeagni; 16-30.X1.63—
3; daily collecting throughout Oct and Nov 1963 totalled over 100 males; 16.VI.
66—2; 11-19.XI.66—11; 14-24.VII.69—5; 12-23.X.69—34 may be a mixture of
elaeagni and hippophoes (all above MDL det).

* Capitophorus xanthii (Oestlund) Throughout Rocky Mt. Region & Wash. 16-20.
IX.63—5; 14-24. V1.67—3.

* Cavariella hendersoni Knowlton & Smith. 16-23.V.70—1. Also Pa and NY.

* Cedoaphis incognita Hottes & Frison 12-23.X.69—4. Also in Colo Utah Nev.
Wash on Symphoricarpos.

* Chaitophorus salicicola Essig. 16-31.X.69—3. Only Calif.

* Chaitophorus stevensis Sanborn. 16-23.V.70—1. Conn NY Pa etc.

* Chaitophorus versicolor (Koch). 16-31.X.63—1. Also Calif & N B.

Chaitophorus viminalis Monell. 13-22.V1.63—1.

Colopha ulmicola (Fitch). IX.61—2 (Testerman Coll—JOP det); 16-30.I1X.63—2;
16-31.X.63—2.

Coloradoa artemisiae (del Guercio) ? same as C. rufomaculata Wms. 16-31.X.
63—1.

Dactynotus ambrosiae (Thomas). 16-18.VI.66—1 (MDL); 14-24.65—1l. (Rols-
ton); late IV. and IX.61—1 each (Testerman coll—JOP det).

Dactynotus chrysanthemi (Oestlund ) IX.61—1 (Testerman coll—JOP det).

Dactynotus nigrotuberculatus Olive. 17-18.V1.66—several.

Dactynotus tissoti Boudreaux. 13-22.X.67—2.

Drepanaphis acerifolii (Thomas). 16-31.X.63—(MDL); 14-24.VI.69—1; 12-23.
X.69—2 males and 16-23.V.70—2 ( Dillery).

Drepanaphis carolinensis Smith. 16-30.IX.63—4 (CFS); 14-24.VI.69—1 vivip.
and 12-23.X.69—29 males, 5 vivips. (Dillery); 16-23.V.70—8 (Dillery).

Drepanaphis keshenae Granovsky 12-23.X.69—1; 16-25.V.70—1. Only one pre-
vious record for New Jersey.

* Drepanaphis nigricans Smith. 12-23.X.69—1. N B S Car & West to Mich &
Tenn.

Drepanaphis parva Smith. X.63—2; 14-24.VI.69—1 ( Dillery).

Drepanaphis simpsoni Smith. X.63—2; (C F Smith). 12-23.X.69—1 male 1 vivip
(Dillery). Second record for New Jersey.

* Dysaphis crataegi (Kaltenbach). 16-30.1X.61—11; 16-31.X.63—57; 16-30.XI.
63—2; 11-19.XI.66—12; 12-23.X.69—43. Not identified in the U S A until
rather recently but it appears to be widely distributed.

Dysaphis tulipae (Boisduval). 16-30.IX.63—1; 12-23.X.69—3.

Eriosoma rileyi (Thomas). 15-23.V.70—3. Second rec for N J.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 29

Eucallipterus tilae (Linnaeus). 19-22.VI.66—1; 13-26.IX.62—1; 16-30.XI.63—1;
VII.63—1; XI.63—1 (all MDL det).

Euceraphis lineata Baker. 12-23.X.69—1. Second rec for N J.

Euceraphis mucida (Fitch). 22-24.X.68—1 sexupara, 2 males; 16-22.V.70—1.
Third rec for N J.

Euceraphis punctipennis (Zetterstedt). 14-24.VI.69—3.

Eulachnus rileyi (Williams). X.63—17. (ANT).

Hormaphis hamamelidis (Fitch). 14-24.V1.69—3.

Hyadaphis foeniculi (Passerini). 16-31.X.63—3; X.61—1 (Testerman coll—MDL
det); 14-29.VI.69—3.

* Hyalopterus amygdali (Blanchard). 23-31.VII.63—1. Cyrus Thomas in Eighth
Rept. State Ent. Ill. 1879 p. 102 lists this species as Aphis amygdali Blanchard
but states “I know nothing personally in reference to this species.”

Hyalopterus pruni (Geoffroy). 23-31.VII.63—1; 16-31.X.63—6; 11-19.XI.66—1;
14-24, VI.69—1; 12-23.X.69—3.

Hyperomyzus lactucae (Linnaeus).—see Nasonovia lactucae (L.).

* Hyperomyzus pallidus Hille Ris Lambers. 12-23.X.69—1.

Hysteroneura setariae (Thomas). 16-31.X.63—63; 16-30.XI.63—1; 11-19.XI.66—
3; 12-22.X.69—250.

* Izyphya flabella Sanborn. 16.VI.66—1 (MDL).

Liosomaphis berberidis (Kaltenbach). 16-31.X.63—2.

Lippaphis erisymi (Kaltenbach). 14-24.VI.69—4; 12-23.X.69—2.

Macrosiphum avenae (Fabricius). Late IV and V.59—on yellow cloth (Testerman
coll—MDL det); 12-23.X.69—1.

Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas). 13-29.IX.62—2 (MDL); VII.63—1; IX.63—
6 (MDL); X. 65—many (MDL); 15-16.VI.66—6 (MDL); 13-22.VI.67—4
(MDL); 12-23.X.69—1 (MDL); 16-25.V.70—1.

Macrosiphum liriodendri (Monell). 19-24.V1.69—1.

* Macrosiphum pallidum (Oestlund). 12-23.X.69—4 ( Rolston).

Macrosiphum rosae (Linnaeus). IX.63—several (MDL); 8-12.VI.67—2 (MDL);
12-23.X.69—1 (MDL).

Melanocallis caryaefoliae (Davis). 16.V1.67—1 or 2.

Monellia costalis (Fitch). XI.63—3 (MDL).

* Monellia n. sp. Quednau in MS. 16-23.V.70—1.

* Monellia microsetosa Richards. 16-23.V.70—1.

Myzocallis alnifoliae (Fitch ).—see Pterocallis.

Myzocallis bella Walsh. VIII.63—3 (ANT).

Myzocallis coryli Goetze. 14-24.VI.69—1. Second rec for N J.

Myzocallis discolor Monell. 19-22.V1.66 and 7-12.VI.67—2 (MDL); 14-24.VI.69—
5 (MDL).

Myzocallis exultans Boudreaux & Tissot. 16-31.X.63—1; 8-10.VI.66—34,; 14-24.VI.
69—50; 16-23.V.70—11 (ANT/FWQ).

Myzocallis frisoni Boudreaux & Tissot. VIII.63—4; IX.63—4; VIII-IX.65 (all
ANT det).

* Myzocallis kahawaluokalani Kirkaldy. 14-24.VI.69—4 (MDL). First record of
the occurrence of the crepemyrtle aphid in N J and also its most northern occur-
rence in the U S A.

Myzocallis longiunguis Boudreaux & Tissot. 14-24.VI.69—1. Two earlier records
for New Jersey.

30 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

Myzocallis melanocera Boudreaux & Tissot. 14-24.VI.69—1; VUI.63—2 (ANT);
16-23.V.70—2 (ANT). Third rec for N J.

Myzocallis multisetis Boudreaux & Tissot. 29.V.59—1 on yellow cloth, Pmonth
1963—2 and 16-23.V.70—13 all ANT.

Myzocallis punctata (Monell). 16-30.I1X.63—1; 16.VI.66—1; 17-18.VI.66—1; 19-
22. V1.66—3; 14-24.VI.69—15; 16-23.V.70—9 (all MDL).

* Myzocallis tuberculata Richards. 14-24.VI.69—1. Also NY & Ont.

Myzus cerasi (Fitch). 16-31.X.63—2.

Myzus lythri (Schrank). 16-30.IX.63—2; 16-31.X.63—13; 16-30.XI.63—4; 12-
23.X.69—20. Two previous recs in NJ.

Myzus persicae (Sulzer). 13-26.1X.62—1; 16-31.X.63—4; 16-30.XI.63—1; 16-30.
1X.63—4; 11-19.X1I.66—3; 13-22.VI.67—1; 12.VIII.67—3; 12-23.X.69—9; 14-
24.VI.69—14; (All MDL).

Nasonovia ribisnigri (Mosley). 16-31.X.63—1; 3 previous recs NJ.

Nasonovia (Hyperomyzus ) lactucae (Linnaeus). 12-23.X.69—1.

Nearctaphis bakeri (Cowen) see—Roepkea bakeri (Cowen).

Neoceruraphis viburnicola (Gillette). 19-24.V.68 a number of spring migrants; 12-
23.X.69—1.

Ovatus crataegarius (Walker). 14-24.VI.69—1.

Pemphigus populitransversus Riley. 1959—1 (Testerman coll—JOP det).

Periphyllus californiensis (Shinji). Late IV.59—12 on yellow cloth (Testerman
coll—JOB det); 9-15.V.65—540 (JOP); most of the aphids taken were during
the first 4 days, the total number in the pan during the week 1336 of which
this species constituted about 40% (JOP); 16-30.X.63—1; 11-19.XI.66—4;
16-23.V.70—2. Also in Calif Wash Pa.

Periphyllus negundinis (Thomas). 16-30.1X.63—1.

Phorodon humuli (Schrank). 10-30.1X.63—1.

Phyllaphis fagi (Linnaeus). 16-31.X.63—1; 11-19.XI.66—7; 13-22.VI.69—3
(MDL & FWQ).

Pleotrichophorus glandulosus (Kaltenbach). 16-25.V.70—2.

* Pleotrichophorus wasatchii Knowlton. 14-24.VI.69—19. Elsewhere recorded only
from Colo Utah NY and Pa.

* Prociphilus alnifolii fitchii Baker & Davidson. 12-23.X.69—1. Previously named
P. corrugatans (Sirrine ).

Prociphilus americanus Walker. 11-19.XI.66—2. Second NJ rec. Det as venafus-
cus Patch. Also in Colo Calif NY and Quebec.

Prociphilus fraxinifolii (Riley). 14-24.VI.69—3. Second NJ rec.

Pterocallis alnifoliae (Fitch). Formerly in Myzocallis. 14-24.V1.69—1. Second
NJ rec.

* Pterocallis rhombifoliae (Granovsky). 12-23.X.69—1. Formerly in Myzocallis.
An Alnus aphid. Also in Calif and Wisc.

Pterocomma smithiae (Monell). 12-23.X.69—1.

* Rhopalomyzus physocarpi (Pepper). 12-23.X.63—5. Also in Pa. Second rec in
NJ.

* Rhopalomyzus poae (Gillette). 16-31.X.63—2; 16-30.XII—3; 14-24.VI.69—1.
Also occurs in Colo.

* Rhopalosiphum enigmae Hottes & Frison. Sept 1961—1 (Testerman coll—JOP
det with query ).

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., voL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 lll

Rhopalosiphum fitchii (Sanderson). 23-31.VII.63—5; 16-31.X.63—6; 16-30.XII.
63—15; 11-19.XI.66—4; 12-23.X.69—3.

Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch). IX.69—5 (Testerman coll—JOB det); 23-31.VII.
63—1; 16-31.X.683—6; 16-30.XI.63—15; 11-19.XI.66—4; 12-23.X.69—3.

* Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus). 16-31.X.63—1; 14-24.VI.69—4; 12-28.X.69—
TA,

Roepkea (Nearctaphis) bakeri (Cowen). 16-31.X.63—2; 16-29.1X.63—2.

Schizaphis graminum (Rondani). 16-31.X.63—1; 16-30.XI.63—1. Very rare in NJ.

* Sipha (Rungsia) kurdjumovi (Mordvilko). 16-30.XI.63—1. The only other
record for N. Am. known to me is that in Quednau’s Aphids of Quebec, Canada
(Can. Ent. 98(4):416, 1966) in which he lists it as occurring on Agropyron
repens.

Sitomyzus rhois (Monell). Det as Glabromyzus rhois. IX.61—1 (Testerman coll);
16-30.1X.63—1; 16-31.X.63—2; 2-23.X.69—2.

* Takecallis arundinariae (Essig). 12-23.X.69—1. Known only from bamboo in
California but has also been collected in 1969 on Staten Island, NY.

* Thecabius populiconduplifolius Cowen. 16-31.X.63—1; 16-30.1X.63—1. Known
only from Populus spp. and Ranunculus in Colo Pa and NY.

Therioaphis trifolii (Monell). 12-23.X.69—1.

Tinocallis ulmifolii (Monell). 14-24.VI.69—9; 12-23.X.69—1.

A NEW GENUS, STENASPILATODES
(LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE: ENNOMINAE )

JouN G. FRANCLEMONT, Department of Entomology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14850

and
Rosert W. Poo te, Illinois Natural History Survey, Urbana, Illinois 61801

ABSTRACT—A new genus, Stenaspilatodes, is proposed for Caberodes anti-
discaria Walker, a species now included in the genus Stenaspilates Packard. The
moths of the northern and southern populations and the male genitalia are figured.

A recent revision (Poole ms.) of the genus Pergama Herrich-Schaffer
(olim Pero Herrich-Schiaffer) of which Stenaspilates Packard is con-
sidered a junior synonym makes it necessary to erect a new genus for
Caberodes antidiscaria Walker. This species has been placed in the
genus Gonodontis Hiibner, the genus Metarranthis Warren and was
removed from that genus and placed in Stenaspilates by Rupert.

Stenaspilatodes Franclemont and Poole, n. gen.

Type Species: Caberodes antidiscaria Walker, 1863. Present designation and
monobasic.

32 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

Figs. 1-4. Stenaspilatodes antidiscaria (Walker): 1, male, Oneco, Manatee
Co., Florida, 1 April 1954, J. G. Franclemont (Franclemont Collection); 2, female,
Archbold Biological Station, Lake Placid, Highlands Co., Florida, 30 March 1959,
J. G. Franclemont (Franclemont Collection); 3, male, Wrangle Brook Road, Lake-
hurst, New Jersey, 26 June 1954, J. G. Franclemont (Franclemont Collection); 4,
female, Wrangle Brook Road, Lakehurst, New Jersey, 4 June 1956, J. G. Francle-
mont (Franclemont Collection ).

The species included in this genus is similar in general appearance
to those in the genus Pergama, but the genitalia of the male and female
are simplified and without the specializations of those of the species
placed in that genus. The antennae of the male are pectinate and thus
differ from most of the species placed in Pergama. The genus is proba-
bly most closely related to Pergama and possibly represents a reduction
derivative from that complex.

Description: Superficially similar to Pergama. Antennae of male pectinate, the
pectinations unscaled, of female simple; palpi long, ascending and porrect, ex-
ceeding the pointed frontal tuft of long hair-like scales by almost half their length;
proboscis well developed. Thorax clothed with spatulate and _ hair-like scales
intermixed, with a central, longitudinal scale ridge; foreleg with a prominent, long
hair-pencil from base of epiphysis; hind tibia with two pairs of spurs; forewings
with apices slightly produced, outer margins rounded; hindwings slightly angulate
at veins R and Cui; venation as in Pergama. Abdomen clothed with appressed
scales, with an indication of lateral tufts on the segments in the male; male genitalia
with valve narrowed toward apex, without the distinct costal fold characteristic of

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 33

Figs. 5-6. Stenaspilatodes antidiscaria (Walker): 5, male genitalia with
aedoeagus removed, Lakehurst, New Jersey, 23-31 May, Frdk Lemmer, R. W.
Poole genitalia slide 10047 (Cornell University Collection); 6, aedoeagus of male,
same data as above.

Pergama, apex of valve spinous, gnathos simple, uncinate, uncus long, juxta simple;
female genitalia with ostium not modified, bursa with a single, weak, stellate
signum.

Stenaspilatodes antidisearia (Walker), n. comb.

Caberodes antidiscaria Walker, 1862, List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous In-
sects in the Collection of the British Museum, part 26:1513. Type locality: East

34 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

Florida. Presented by E. Doubleday, Esq. Location of Type: British Museum
(Natural History )

Caberodes antidiscaria:; Packard, 1876, Report of the United States Geological
Survey of the Territories, vol. 10, A Monograph of the Geometrid Moths or
Phalaenidae, pl. 13, fig. 54. (An illustration of Walker’s type. )

Endropia lentaria Hulst, 1886, Ent. Amer. 1:207 Type locality: Florida: Coll.
Neumoegen, Coll. Hulst. Location of Type: United States National Museum.

Hulst described this species from four specimens; of these two are in the United
States National Museum Collection, and one is in the American Museum of Natural
History Collection; we do not know the whereabouts of the fourth specimen. One
of the four specimens has customarily been accorded the status of “type” and has
so been referred to in print. This specimen is in the United States National Museum
from the Neumoegen Collection through the Brooklyn Museum Collection; it is
designated the LECTOTYPE, and the data labels are as follows: “Central Florida;
Col. B. Neumégen/ Collection Brooklyn Mus/ Endropia lentaria Hulst Type/
Type No. 34288 U.S.N.M./ 4 genitalia on slide 9 June 1942 HWC 1656.”

Caberodes antidiscaria: Hulst, 1887, Ent. Amer. 3:113. (Endropia lentaria Hulst
synonymized with Caberodes antidiscaria Walker. )

Caberodes antidiscaria: Hulst, 1895, Ent. News 6:14. (Synonymy of lentaria and
antidiscaria confirmed. )

Gonodontis antidiscaria (Walker): Hulst, 1896, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 23:374.

Metarranthis antidiscaria (Walker): McDunnough, 1938, Mem. So. California
Acad. Sci. 1, Check List of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States
of America, Part 1, Macrolepidoptera: 169.

Stenaspilates antidiscaria (Walker): Rupert, 1943, J. New York Ent. Soc. 51:134.

Stenaspilates antidiscaria: Forbes, 1948, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta. Memoir
274, Lepidoptera of New York and Neighboring States, Part 2: 82.

The soft violaceous brown color, the pectinate antennae of the male
and the simple male genitalia will serve to identify this species. The
moth ranges from south central Florida north to Lakehurst, New Jersey
along the coast. The southern and northern populations are illustrated
in figures 1-4. The northern specimens tend to be more sharply
marked and more intensely colored.

The early stages and the foodplant of this species are not known.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 35

THE SUBFAMILIES OF FORMICIDAE

GrorGE C. WHEELER dnd JEANETTE WHEELER, Desert Research Institute,
University of Nevada System, Reno, Nevada 89507

ABSTRACT—Eleven subfamilies are recognized and characterized. Ten of
these are living—Dorylinae, Leptanillinae, Cerapachyinae, Myrmeciinae, Ponerinae,
Pseudomyrmecinae, Myrmicinae, Aneuretinae, Dolichoderinae and Formicinae; one
is extinct—Sphecomyrminae. An illustrated key is given for the workers of the
ten living subfamilies.

Time was when a myrmecologist needed to know only five sub-
families of Formicidae. In 1910 W. M. Wheeler in his “Ants” recog-
nized Ponerinae, Dorylinae, Myrmicinae, Dolichoderinae and Campo-
notinae. Emery kept this same scheme in the “Genera Insectorum”
(1910-1925). It seems that the taxonomists of that day were averse to
small taxa. The invertebrate zoologists, for example, were averse to
small phyla; they preferred to tack a small group on to a large phylum
as an appendix, i.e., with apologies, so to speak. The vertebrate zoolo-
gists kept the Agnatha, Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes together as
Class Pisces until fission was long overdue.

A sort of myrmecological independence was declared in 1920 when
W. M. Wheeler split off the Cerapachyinae from the Ponerinae and the
Pseudomyrminae (later emended to Pseudomyrmecinae) from the
Myrmicinae. He also changed the name Camponotinae to Formicinae.

In 1923 W. M. Wheeler first suggested that the Leptanillini be sepa-
rated from the Dorylinae; by 1932 their separation as Leptanillinae had
been effected.

In 1951 Clark separated the tribe Myrmeciini from the Ponerinae to
become subfamily Myrmeciinae. At the same time he suggested in a
footnote that the Aneuretini in the Dolichoderinae be raised to sub-
family rank. It was not, however, until 1956 that Wilson, Eisner,
Wheeler and Wheeler made the promotion effective.

Finally, in 1967 Wilson, Carpenter and Brown described the extinct
species Sphecomyrma freyi and based upon it the extinct subfamily
Sphecomyrminae.

That makes 11 subfamilies.

CONSPECTUSES

In 1910 W. M Wheeler had a conspectus of subfamilies and tribes
(p. 134-144). In the “Genera Insectorum” Emery gave admirable
characterizations of subfamilies, but they were scattered through 15
years and five fascicles. W. M. Wheeler (1922a) likewise gave excel-
lent characterizations of seven subfamilies, but they were scattered

36 PROG. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

through 173 pages of text. Forel (1921:133-140) treated five sub-
families. The latest is that of Bernard (1951), but it can hardly be
called a conspectus, because the characterizations are scattered through
47 pages (1040-1087) of text; furthermore he raised the eight sub-
families to family rank.

Keys

In 1910 (p. 557) W. M. Wheeler presented a key to the five sub-
families and in 1922b (631-632) a key to the seven subfamilies. The
latest cosmopolitan key is that of Clark (1951:14-16); he recognized
15 subfamilies, 5 of which are not accepted today.

None of the above mentioned is illustrated. In fact we have never
seen an illustrated cosmopolitan key to the subfamilies of Formicidae.
We present our version below. Few if any keys are perfect and this
one is no exception: there are a few genera which will not key out;
we have taken care of one such tribe, the Odontomachini, because it
includes two large tropicopolitan genera.

SPHECOMYRMINAE

Workers.—Clypeus and frontal carinae simple but ant-like. Eyes large, convex,
near the middle of the sides of the head. Ocelli large. Mandibles short, curvilinear,
bidentate. Antennal scapes elongate (but shorter than usual in worker ants);
funiculi long and filiform, the second segment the longest. Thoracic somites and
epinotum separated from each other by 2 complete sutures; mesoscutum separated
from mesoscutellum by a sunken area. Metapleural glands well-developed. Pedicel
of a single segment, which bears a node. Sting well developed. Claws toothed.

This subfamily was established by Wilson, Carpenter and Brown in
1967 to include 1 extinct species in a new extinct genus, Sphecomyrma
freyi from the Upper Cretaceous amber of New Jersey.

DORYLINAE

Workers.—Clypeus very short and not delimited by sutures. Frontal carinae
vertical, close together or even fused, not covering the antennal insertions. Antennae
short, of 7-12 segments, inserted near the mouth and quite close to each other.
Eyes vestigial or absent. Palps 2- or 3-segmented. Sutures of thorax more or less
effaced; metanotum concealed from above. Pedicel of 1 or 2 segments. Sting
developed.

Females.—Dichthadiiform. Antennal segments 10-12. Eyes vestigial or absent;
no ocelli. Sutures of thorax more or less effaced; metanotum concealed from
above; wingless. Pedicel of 1 segment.

Males.—Mandibles developed, usually large. Antennae 13-segmented. Eyes
and ocelli well developed. Winged; thoracic segmentation normal. Pedicel of 1
segment. Genitalia completely retractile; subgenital lamina forked. No cerci.

Larvae.—Elongate, slender, subcylindrical (but with a slight progressive attenua-

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 37

tion toward the anterior end); nearly straight (but with the anterior third slightly
curved ventrally). Hairs short. Mandibles poorly developed and feebly sclerotized.

Pupae.—Worker pupae naked in Aenictus and Neivamyrmex, enclosed in cocoons
in Labidus and Eciton; sexual pupae in cocoons.

These are the renowned army ants of the tropics (but they also
occur in the southern parts of the Holarctic). They comprise about 165
species in 9 genera.

LEPTANILLINAE

Workers.—Minute to small; elongate and slender. Monomorphic. Clypeus
forming a narrow straight border along the mouth. Mandibles straight and toothed.
Maxillary palps 1- or 2-segmented; labial palps of 1 segment. Eyes absent.
Antennae 12-segmented; not inserted close together. Promesonotal suture well
marked; other dorsal sutures completely absent. Epinotum unarmed. Claws simple.
Pedicel of 2 unequal nodiform segments.

Females.—Small. Eyes vestigial or lacking. Wingless. Pedicel of only 1 seg-
ment. Gaster long. Cloaca open.

Males.—Minute to small. Mandibles vestigial and toothless. Maxillary and
labial palps prominent, of 1 segment. Eyes rather small, hairy, situated low on the
head; ocelli conspicuous, on or near the occiput. Antennae 13-segmented; scape
at most as long as the next 2 segments combined; funiculus filiform, the terminal
segment the longest. Fore wings with few or no veins; stigma never well defined;
hind wings veinless. Pedicel of 1 segment. Genitalia large, nonretractile; sub-
genital plate bifurcate.

Larvae.—Elongate and very slender; slightly constricted at the metathorax;
anterior end curved ventrally; remainder of body straight and clavate. With a
complex structure projecting anteroventrally from the venter of the prothorax.
Only 1 pair of spiracles, which are on the third abdominal somite; each spiracle
opening eccentrically on a naked circular area. Mandibles turned laterally; feebly
sclerotized; each with a rather long slender sharp-pointed apical tooth which curves
laterally; outer border of each mandible bearing several long slender sharp-pointed
teeth.

This is a small (19 species in 4 genera ) taxon, which is closely related
to the Dorylinae. They are hypogeic, but little else is known about
them. They have been taken in the Australian, Oriental and southern
Palearctic Faunal Realms. The larvae are markedly different from all
other known ant larvae.

CERAPACHYINAE

Workers.—Intermediate between Dorylinae and Ponerinae. Elongate, slender
and subcylindrical. Antennal fossa more or less encricled by a lateral carina of the
cheek (rarely obsolete); posterior surface of head usually with a distinct carina
running ventrally from each dorsolateral corner. Promesonotal suture distinct; other
thoracic sutures obsolete. Pedicel of 1 segment, which is nearly as broad as the
thorax; first gastric somite separated by a well marked constriction from the second.
Pygidium margined laterally and posteriorly with a row of large or small (but
always distinct) spines. Sting developed.

38 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

Females.——Winged. Otherwise similar to workers (except dichthadiiform in
Acanthostichus ).

Males.—Mandibles developed. Winged. Genital armature completely retractile;
subgenital lamina deeply and broadly furcate. No cerci.

Larvae.—Elongate, slender, subcylindrical and curved ventrally. Head small.
Mouth parts large and prominent; bearing few or no spinules. Mandibles rather
feebly sclerotized; typically long and slender; base moderately stout; distal 4 nar-
row and thin; tapering to an apex which is slightly curved medially and posteriorly.

This small subfamily (64 species in 10 genera) is intermediate be-
tween the Dorylinae and the Ponerinae. It is primarily tropicopolitan
but 4 species in 2 genera get up into the southern part of the Holarctic
Realm.

MYRMECIINAE

Workers.—Head wide and short. Clypeus produced upward between the
frontal carinae. Frontal carinae well separated, erect, not covering the antennal
insertions. Mandibles very long, linear, narrow and sharp-pointed; masticatory
border usually not distinct from basal border; entire masticatory border furnished
with numerous unequal teeth. Maxillary palps of 6 segments, labial of 4. Antennae
12-segmented, slender and filiform. Eyes large; below the middle of the sides of
the head. Thoracic sutures distinct; metanotum often distinct, its spiracles dorsal.
Claws toothed. Epinotum unarmed. Pedicel 2-segmented; petiole nodiform or
pedunculate with rounded node; postpetiole cup-shaped or bell-shaped, con-
siderably larger than the petiole but still smaller than the following somite. Sting
well developed.

Females.—Similar to workers but usually larger and winged; fore wing with
2 cubital cells and 1 discoidal cell. Mayrian and parapsidal furrows present.

Males.—Mandibles short and triangular; with very few teeth. Antennae 13-
segmented; scape short; first funicular segment very short. Thorax, wings, pedicel
and gaster as in the females. Pygidium rounded. Genitalia: stipes arched below,
with a median dorsal appendage, styliform; volsella and lacinia present. Cerci
developed.

Larvae.—Elongate, terete and rather slender; diameter diminishing gradually
from the fifth abdominal somite to the anterior end; anterior half strongly curved
ventrally. Body hairs simple, short and moderately abundant. Mandibles stout,
subtriangular (in anterior view ) and heavily sclerotized.

Pupae.—Enclosed in cocoons.

The Myrmeciinae are generally regarded as the most archaic living
subfamily. Brown (1954:22-23) divided them into 3 tribes of 1 genus
each: Prionomyrmecini, Prionomyrmex, 1 species from the Baltic
Amber (Oligocene); Nothomyrmeciini, Nothomyrmecia, 1 species (2
specimens ) from Western Australia, which “appears to satisfy nearly
all conditions demanded of an ancestral stock leading to the Dolicho-
derinae and Formicinae”; and Myrmeciini, Myrmecia, 96 species oc-
curring in Australia and New Caledonia.

The workers range in length from 4 mm to 36 mm. The larger

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 39

species are called bulldog ants because of the “vicious way they attack
and the tenacity with which their huge jaws hang on to their victim.
All the workers and females are provided with a large sting with which
they inflict a severe and painful wound. A burning sensation accom-
panied by redness and swelling may be felt at the wound some time
afterwards and may last several days.” (Clark 1951:18. )

PONERINAE

Workers.—Pedicel 1-segmented; first gastric somite demarcated from the second
by a constriction (except in Odontomachini). Sting powerful.

Females.—Winged, the fore wing typically with 2 closed cubital cells. Other-
wise similar to workers.

Males.—Winged, the fore wing typically with 2 closed cubital cells. Cerci
present.

Larvae.—Varied according to genus, but usually primitive. Usually beset with
numerous hairs or tubercles. Mandibles usually large, toothed and_ heavily
sclerotized.

Pupae.—Enclosed in tough brown cocoons; callows capable of emerging without
aid of workers.

This subfamily is a primitive but heterogeneous group of 530 species
in 57 genera. It attains its greatest development in the Southern Hem-
isphere, but 13 genera range into the Holarctic Realm. The ponerines
are eminently entomophagous. Colonies are usually small. Nests are
in the soil or old logs, small and inconspicuous. The economic impor-
tance of the Ponerinae in the tropics can hardly be overestimated,
since an estimated 80% of their food is termites.

PSEUDOMYRMECINAE

Workers.—Monomorphic. Elongate, often very slender. Clypeus with rounded
upper margin, which is not prolonged upward between the frontal carinae (except
in certain species of Pseudomyrmex ). Frontal carinae usually subparallel and close
together; generally narrow and not expanded laterally, thus leaving the antennal
insertions fully exposed. Antennae short, 12-segmented. Ocelli usually developed.
Pedicel 2-segmented, usually long. Sting well developed. Proventriculus developed
anteriorly as an apple- or quince-shaped ball with 4 distinct sepals, which are
bluntly rounded and hairy-tipped; developed posteriorly as a very short tubule
projecting as a button into the cavity of the ventriculus.

Females.—Very similar to workers, except winged; wings with a discoidal cell
and a closed radial cell; 2 closed cubital cells (except one in Viticicola).

Males.—Rather similar to workers, except winged. Antennae 12-segmented.
External genitalia well developed, exserted. Cerci present.

Larvae.—Straight, slender, subcylindrical; ends rounded; somites distinct; head
applied to the ventral surface near the anterior end. Near the mouth parts a
swelling on each ventrolateral surface of each thoracic somite and the first abdom-
inal somite. Trophothylax well developed. Mandibles rather small; apex stout
and round-pointed.

Pupae.—Naked.

40 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

This is a small subfamily comprising 146 species in 4 genera. It is
primarily tropical, but a few species in 2 genera enter the southernmost
part of the Holarctic Realm. The Pseudomyrmecinae are almost exclu-
sively arboreal and nest in plant cavities. The trophothylax is unique
among ant larvae.

MyYRMICINAE

Workers.—Monomorphic, dimorphic or polymorphic; dimorphism and_poly-
morphism often very pronounced, the soldier phase with a very large head and
strong mandibles. Frontal carinae large, nearly always covering the antennal in-
sertions; nearly always well separated (rarely close together). Antennae of 4-12
segments; several terminal segments often forming a distinct club. Ocelli frequently
lacking. Pedicel always 2-segmented. Sting developed in about half the species.

Females.—Winged. Larger than workers.

Males.—Winged. Mandibles usually developed. Antennae nearly always 13-
segmented. Genitalia partially retractile (completely so in a few genera of
Solenopsidini ).

Larvae.—Extremely heterogeneous as to shape, pilosity and mouth parts.

Pupae.—Always naked.

The Myrmicinae are the largest subfamily of Formicidae comprising
2000 species in 155 genera. As might be expected of so large a taxon,
they are a cosmopolitan group, which is heterogeneous in both anatomy
and habits, ranging from primitive to highly specialized. Among those
specialized as to diet are the harvesters and the fungus-growers. The
Myrmicinae also include most of the social parasites, which in extreme
cases have lost their worker caste.

ANEURETINAE

Workers.—Integument comparatively thin and flexible. Clypeus broad, flat and
emarginate below. Frontal carinae very short and only slightly elevated. Eyes
below the middle of the sides of the head. Ocelli absent. Antennae 12-segmented;
funiculus enlarging distally but not forming a distinct club. Thoracic sutures dis-
tinct; thorax impressed in front of the epinotum; metanotal spiracles forming a
dorsal projection. Epinotum armed with 2 spines. Pedicel of a single segment,
which is long, cylindrical and surmounted behind by a subglobular node. Sting
developed. Proventriculus generalized, with simple mobile portal. Cloacal aperture
slit-like and terminal.

Females.—Similar to workers, but winged and much larger. Fore wings with
first radial crossvein lacking; Mf2 and Rs4 completely contracted. Ocelli well
developed.

Males.—Similar to females but much smaller. Antennae 13-segmented, filiform.

Larvae.—Contrasted with Dolichoderinae: with a well developed neck, body
hairy, mandibles large, heavily sclerotized, subtriangular (in anterior view) and
bearing 2 rather large subapical medial teeth, maxillary palps and galeae paxil-
liform.

Pupae.—Enclosed in cocoons.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, No. 1, MARCH, 1972 4]

Subfamilies can get no smaller: 1 genus with 1 species—Aneuretus
simoni of Ceylon. This genus was formerly placed apologetically in
the Dolichoderinae but in a separate tribe. It is regarded as annectant
between the Dolichoderinae and the Ponerinae. “There is evidence to
suggest, and apparently none to deny, that the aneuretines represent
the direct ancestors of the Dolichoderinae, and perhaps also of the
Formicinae. At the same time it appears, on the important basis of
external abdominal anatomy, that the aneuretines are more closely
related to Nothomyrmecia, the living ‘archetypal’ myrmeciine ant of
Australia, than to any other primitive ant group.” (Wilson, Eisner,
Wheeler & Wheeler 1956:92. )

DOLICHODERINAE

Workers.—Integument usually relatively thin and flexible. Clypeus produced
upward between the frontal carinae. Antennae of 12 segments (except 11 in
Semonius) Metanotum participating in the thoracic dorsum; its spiracles often
forming a dorsal protuberance. Pedicel of 1 segment, which is often surmounted by
a scale. Cloacal opening a ventral transverse slit. Sting vestigial. A pair of anal
vesicles into which unicellular anal glands empty their secretion; when irritated
the worker expels the secretion, which becomes resinous in contact with air and
gives off a characteristic aromatic odor.

Females.—Winged but otherwise similar to workers.

Males.—Winged. Antennae always 13-segmented.

Larvae.—Plump, chunky and turgid; straight or slightly curved; mostly subel-
lipsoidal, with both ends broadly and equally rounded; anterior end formed by
the enlarged dorsal portion of the prothorax; head ventral near the anterior end;
no neck. Practically hairless; when present, hairs are few, short and usually simple.
Mouth parts small; spinules sparse or absent. Mandibles small, feebly sclerotized;
basal portion inflated; distal portion slender and acuminate, without teeth on the
medial border (rarely a single small tooth). Maxillary palps and galeae represented
by clusters of sensilla, never paxilliform.

Pupae.—Always naked.

This is a very homogeneous subfamily comprising 230 species in 19
genera. It is largely tropical, but 6 of the genera occur in the Holarctic
Realm. The highly specialized larvae are fed with liquid food re-
gurgitated by the workers.

FORMICINAE

Workers.—Integument relatively thin and flexible. Antennae of 8-12 segments;
funiculus long and filiform, rarely forming a feebly developed club. Pedicel of 1
segment, which is usually surmounted by a scale. Sting vestigial. Poison glands
converted into a cushion of convolutions; the poison (mostly formic acid) can be
ejected with great force in certain genera (e.g., Formica) through a circular
opening (the acidopore, which is not the cloacal opening) at the posterior end of
the gaster; acidopore typically fringed with a circle of short fine hairs, which keeps
the spray of poison directed outward away from the body.

AQ, PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

Females.—Similar to workers, but much larger and winged. Wings with venation
more or less reduced.

Males.—As large as females or smaller, generally similar; antennae of 10-13
segments; scape long (but exceptionally short in Polyergus); funiculus filiform
(rarely forming a club).

Larvae.—Heterogeneous but mostly as follows. Thorax and first abdominal
somite forming a distinct mobile neck, which is arched ventrally; remainder of
body elongate, straight, subellipsoidal and rather slender. Body with a moderate
to dense covering of short branched hairs. Mandibles small to moderately large;
moderately sclerotized; subtriangular (in anterior view); wedge-shaped; apex
forming a short blunt tooth, which is slightly curved medially; medial teeth absent
or vestigial.

Pupae.—Usually enclosed in cocoons, but there are exceptions.

This next-to-largest subfamily comprises 43 genera and 1400 species
(600 of which are in the genus Camponotus). It is a cosmopolitan
taxon, which is dominant in temperate regions and common in the
tropics.

“The members of this subfamily are morphologically the most highly
developed of all ants; this is also true for their ethological peculiarities.
Not only are their habits very diverse, but they show the most spe-
cialized form of mental and social behavior. The diet is in large part
vegetarian and these ants show great predilection for sugary sub-
stances, which are sometimes stored in a special, replete form of worker
(honey ants: Melophorus, Myrmecocystus, certain Plagiolepis, etc.).
The species of Oecophylla and certain Polyrhachis and Camponotus
build silk nests in leaves, using their larvae as silk-producing shuttles.
Moreover, the nesting habits in this subfamily are very varied. Certain
species of Formica and Polyergus are slave-makers; the species of
Polyergus are true social parasites of Formica, entirely dependent upon
their slaves but the worker caste is still present.” (W. M. Wheeler
192243 211),

KEY TO THE SUBFAMILIES OF FORMICIDAE

(Based on the workers. Living subfamilies only. The numbers and letters on
the figures correspond with half-couplets in the key. )
la. Eyes absent or vestigial; pedicel usually of two segments in the worker
(one in female and male); clypeus short; frontal carinae short and verti-
cal, not covering the antennal insertions; antennae usually short, epinotum
usually: wired eo 8 a ee 2
Ib. Without this combinationcof characters = = = = eee 3

2a. Promesontal suture distinct; minute to small (2.5 mm long or less);

elongate and slender; maxillary palps of one or two segments, labial palps
One-sesmented: :.. <2 <<a ss ee Leptanillinae

2b. Promesonatal suture weak or Bbeene palps of two or three segments
REO Ado ieee See me eee seus 0 Ueda Dorylinae

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 43

0)
heyy frontal
clypeus | 7

LOX hairs

, @ omitted
ni

DaeeeLedIcelOimome SCOMment ne. = A ee 4
Bpaebedicelmormtwousegments a a ee 9
4a. With a conspicuous constriction between Ist and 2nd gastric segments __ 5
4b. Without a constriction between Ist and 2nd gastric segments 6

5a. Elongate, slender and subcylindrical; scape usually short and stout; anten-
nal fossa more or less encircled by a lateral carina on the cheek (rarely

44 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

obsolete ); posterior surface of head usually with a distinct carina running
ventrally from each dorsolateral corner; dorsal surface of thorax with
sutures indistinct or absent; pygidium margined laterally and posteriorly,
with a row of large or small (but always distinct) spines Cerapachyinae
5b. Without this combmation o£ characters, == = Ponerinae

6a. Mandibles articulated near the middle of the ventral border of the head;
when closed, parallel to each other; when fully open, they form together
a straight line parallel to the ventral border of the head. Tribe Odonto-
Tila Chama ime Gy en. re ee | ee ee ee Bee Ponerinae

7a. Opening at posterior end of gaster (acidopore) terminal, circular and
usually surrounded by a fringe of hairs; sting vestigial; petiole usually

SCal eq] yatta ebook far eaten ae pS bat a ee NS Oe a Formicinae
7b. Opening at posterior end of gaster (cloacal orifice) slit-like 8
8a. Sting well developed and protrusible; anterior peduncle of petiole long

and -cylindrical:*node subglobular. == = es a ee Aneuretinae
Sb: Sting vestigial; petiole not as above 2.2. 4 Dolichoderinae

9a. Mandibles very long, linear, narrow and sharp-pointed, the entire medial
border furnished with teeth; epinotum unarmed; petiole nodiform or
pedunculate with rounded node; postpetiole cup-shaped or bell-shaped,
considerably larger than the petiole but still smaller than the following
somite; eyes below the middle of the sides of the head Myrmeciinae

9b; Without ‘this combination of characters 22) = at ee 10

10a. Elongate, often very slender; eyes very large and elongate; clypeus with
a rounded upper margin, not prolonged upward between the frontal
carinae; frontal carinae usually close together, usually narrow and not
expanded laterally to cover the antennal insertions; antennae short
Ne Tet 6 ae BT an oe WE CAT TPO id Pseudomyrmecinae

10b. Without this combination of characters; frontal carinae usually large,
nearly always covering the antennal insertions and nearly always well
Separated e222 ee a a ee Myrmicinae

REFERENCES

Bernard, F. 1951. Super-famille des Formicoidea. In: P. P. Grassé (ed.),
Traité de Zoologie 10(2):997-1104. Mason et Cie., Paris.

Brown, W. L. 1954. Remarks on the internal phylogeny and subfamily classifi-
cation of the family Formicidae. Insectes Sociaux 1:21-31.

Clark, J. 1951. The Formicidae of Australia. Vol. I. Subfamily Myrmeciinae.
Commonw. Sci. Industr. Res. Organiz., Australia. Melbourne. 230 p.

Emery, C. 1910-1925. Dorylinae (1910), Ponerinae (1911), Dolichoderinae
(1912), Myrmicinae (1921-2), Formicinae (1925). In Wytsman’s “Genera
Insectorum.”

Forel, A. 1921. Le monde social des fourmis du globe comparé a celui de
Thomme. Tome 1. Librairie Kundig, Genéve. 192 p., 3 pl.

Wheeler, W. M. 1910. Ants, their structure, development and behavior. Colum-
bia Univ. Press, New York. 663 p.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 45

1920. The subfamilies of Formicidae and other taxonomic notes.
Psyche 27:46-55.

1922a. Ants collected by the American Museum Congo Expedition.
Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 45:39-269, 23 pl.

1922b. Keys to the genera and subgenera of ants. Bull. Amer.
Mus. Nat. Hist. 45:631-710.

Wilson, E. O., T. Eisner, G. C. Wheeler and Jeanette Wheeler. 1956. Aneu-
retus simoni, a major link in ant evolution. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard
Coll. 115:81-99, 3 pl.

, F. M. Carpenter and W. L. Brown. 1967. The first Mesozoic ants.
Science 157:1038—1039.

A NEW SPECIES OF ACAROPSELLA VOLGIN FROM
THE NEST OF A TURKEY VULTURE

(ACARINA: CHEYLETIDAE )

Douctas W. Price, Department of Entomology and Parasitology,
University of California, Berkeley, California 94720

ABSTRACT—A new species of cheyletid mite from the nest of a turkey vulture
in California is described. The species, Acaropsella sechmidtmanni, has features
which suggest an affinity to both Acaropsis Moquin-Tandon and Acaropsella Vol-
gin. These features are discussed, and reasons for assignment to Acaropsella are
presented.

V. I. Volgin (1969) erected the genus Acaropsella to accommodate a
group of three species formerly included in the related genera Acaropsis
Moquin-Tandon and Neoacaropsis Volgin. The three genera are simi-
lar in having a reduced, inner comb on the palp tarsus. In Acaropsis
this sensillum is a simple seta, without barbs, whereas in Neoacaropsis
and Acaropsella it bears a few fine barbs or teeth. Further, the dorsal
idiosomal setae in Acaropsis are acicular to narrow lanceolate, whereas
in Neoacaropsis and Acaropsella they are spatulate in form. The
monotypic genus Neoacaropsis is set aside on the basis of prominent
basal apophyses on the claws of tarsi II to TV. Other lesser differences
between these genera are presented in recent reviews by Volgin (1969 )
and Summers and Price (1970).

The species described has features which suggest a position inter-
mediate between Acaropsella and Acaropsis. It resembles Acaropsella
in having a finely-toothed inner comb on the palp tarsi and spatulate
dorsal setae on the idiosoma. It resembles Acaropsis in having long
humeral setae which differ markedly from those on the dorsal idiosoma.

46 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

Figs. 1-2. Acaropsella schmidtmanni, n. sp.: 1, female, ventral aspect; 2,
female, dorsal aspect.

Since the structure of the combs on the palp tarsus and the shape of
the dorsal setae have greater significance in cheyletid systematics than
the nature of the humeral setae, this species is included in Acaropsella.
Its assignment to this genus seems preferable at this time to the creation

PROG. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 47

of another monotypic cheyletid genus to accommodate an intermediate
form.

Acaropsella schmidtmanni, n. sp.

Female.—Rostrum narrow, pointed; with 1 pair dorsal and 1 pair ventral, adoral
setae, subequal in length. Peritremes with about 7 chambers on each side, smoothly
arched posteriorly. With 1 pair long, acicular, subcapitular setae. Tegmen and
protegmen with faint, longitudinal pattern of bacillus-like striae. Palp tarsus with
2 sickle-like and 1 orthodox comblike sensillae. Inner comb homologue with a
few fine barbs on inner face, not comblike in usual sense. Tibial claw with 3
(rarely 4) basal teeth. Tibia with 1 dorsal and 2 ventral acicular setae. Genu with
1 dorsal seta near outer margin. Femur with 1 long (85.6 «)', barbed seta on
dorsal surface, 2 acicular ventral setae, and 1 lateral seta near base of genu.

Propodosomal plate with 6 pairs of spatulate setae; the anterior group of 3 are
marginals, the posterior group of 3 are medians. Preocular marginal setae 46.0 u
long. Fourth marginals on separate platelets. Eyes present. Humeral setae long
(127.7 «), barbed on basal half, differ significantly from dorsals. With 1 pair of
acicular setae on venter between coxae II. Hysterosomal plate somewhat reduced,
with only 4 pairs of spatulate setae. First pair of dorsomedians and first 2 pairs of
dorsolaterals borne on small platelets. With 2 pairs of spatulate setae posterior to
plate; 1 pair set near the plate (apparently the fourth dorsolaterals), and 1 pair
located ventrally in para-anal position. With 1 pair acicular setae on venter
between anterior margins of coxae III. Three pairs acicular setae on venter in
mid-region between coxae IV and genital area. With 3 pairs acicular genital
setae, and 3 pairs of anal setae. Anterior pair anal setae smooth, middle pair with
a single barb, and hind pair strongly barbed.

Body length to tip of rostrum 697 uw, gnathosoma length 171 uw. Leg measure-
ments I to IV respectively, from coxo-trochanteral joint to claw tips: 365 uw, 263 wu,
279 uw, and 340 uw. All claws are smooth hooklets, without basal apophyses, with
rayed empodia.

Tarsus I with long (46.8 «) solenidion (wl) in mid-dorsal region, reaches to
bases of acicular addorsals (tc). With a minute (4.5 «) guard seta (g). Two
pairs of acicular paraterminals (pt) on tarsal pedicel, and 2 pairs of infraterminals
(it). Proximal infraterminal strongly barbed or frayed at tip, distal infraterminal
smooth. First ventral (v) and second ventral or azygos seta (a) barbed or frayed
at tip. Tibia I with a dorsal solenidion and 5 tactile setae. Genu I with a minute
dorsal solenidion and 2 tactile setae. Tarsus II with a solenidion (wII) in lateral
position near bases of addorsals. Tibia II with a small distal solenidion and 4
tactile setae. Tibiae III and IV each with a long barbed seta (133.9 uw on tibia
IV) and 3 other, shorter, tactile setae. Setal counts including solenidia on legs I-IV
are: tarsi, 10-8-7-7; tibiae, 6-5-4-4; genua, 3-2-2-2; femora, 2-2-2-1; trochanters,
1-1-2-1; and coxae, 2-1-2-2.

Male.—Three heteromorphic males were found. Gnathosoma of heteromorphic
males (fig. 8) with an elongated, narrow rostrum; peritremes strongly recurved
as an inverted “V,” palp femur elongate (236 u in male, 77 uw in female), with a
single basal tooth on palp tibial claw, and a somewhat reduced outer palp comb.
Inner palp comb minutely barbed. Idiosomal plates cover entire dorsum, include

' All measurements given are averages of holotype and paratype specimens.

48 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, No. 1, MARCH, 1972

Figs. 3-9. Acaropsella schmidtmanni, n. sp.: 3, right palpus of female, dorsal
view; 4, marginal propodosomal setae II and III; 5, tarsus I, female; 6, tarsus II,
female, inner face; 7, tarsus III, female; 8, gnathosoma, male; 9, tibia and tarsus
Ill of male, dorsal view.

all dorsal setae. Humeral setae on separate platelets, form as in female. Eyes
present. Male aedeagus 74 uw long, exits posteriorly. Leg chaetotaxy as in female
except for enlarged dorsal solenidion on tibia I, and presence of conspicuous
solenidia on tibiae and tarsi III and IV (fig. 9).

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MarcH, 1972 49

Type specimens.—Holotype female, 1 paratype and 1 allotype are
deposited in the United States National Museum. Six paratypes and
2 allotypes are deposited in the Department of Entomology and Par-
asitology, University of California, Berkeley.

Type locality and collection data—The species was collected from
the nest of a turkey vulture (Cathartes aura septentrionalis Wied) in
the foothills of the Sierra Nevada mountains, California, about 4 miles
north of Shingle Springs, E] Dorado County. The approximate eleva-
tion was 1,300 feet. The nest was located on the ground between
large rocks at the summit of a small knoll. It consisted of small broken
branches and twigs, and a rich assortment of organic matter, such as
feathers, feces, and keratinous skin fragments. The nest was unoc-
cupied at the time of collection, but had been in use earlier in the year.

The species was collected September 16, 1970, by E. T. Schmidtmann
of the University of California, Davis, after whom it is named. The
collection data was provided by Mr. Schmidtmann.

REFERENCES

Summers, F. M. and D. W. Price. 1970. Review of the Mite Family Ghey-
letidae. Univ. Calif. Publ. Ent. 61:1—153, illus.

Volgin, V. I. 1969. Acarina of the Family Cheyletidae, World Fauna. Akad.
Nauk. S.S.S.R., Zool. Inst., Opredel. p. Faune S.S.S.R. 101:1—432, illus.

TETRAPALPUS TRINIDADENSIS, A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES
OF CAVE MOTH FROM TRINIDAD
(LEPIDOPTERA: TINEIDAE )

Dona.p R. Davis, Department of Entomology, Smithsonian
Institution, Washington, D.C., 20560

ABSTRACT—Tetrapalpus, n. gen., is proposed for T. trinidadensis, n. sp.,
described from Mt. Tamana Caves, Trinidad. The species is a troglophilic moth,
the larvae of which feed primarily on the guano of a fruit eating bat, Phyllostomus
hastatus hastatus (Pallas).

A new genus and species of cave dwelling moth is described herein,
in response to a request from Miss Johanna Darlington who first sent
the species to me for determination. Miss Darlington collected the
moths in the course of her field investigations on the fauna of the
Tamana Caves. I am indebted to her for all material used in preparing
this paper. A mimeographed, preliminary report on the Tamana Caves

50 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., voL. 74. No. 1, MARCH, 1972

Figs. 1-2. Tetrapalpus trinidadensis, n. sp.; 1, holotype, female, wing expanse
14 mn; 2, larval case, length 9 mm.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 51

was issued by Darlington and Hill in 1966 and most of my comments
concerning the type locality of Tetrapalpus trinidadensis are based on
this reference.

Mt. Tamana, a limestone table mountain, at a maximum elevation of
1,009 feet is the highest peak of the Central Range and is located in
Tamana Ward, St. Andrew County, two miles east of Four Roads,
Trinidad. The Tamana Caves are known to consist of at least two sepa-
rate solution caverns situated on the Northwest slope of Mt. Tamana
at an elevation of 600 to 700 feet. The specimens described in this
paper were collected only in the larger of the two caves; henceforth
to be referred to as the “Tamana Main Cave,” in accordance with
Darlington’s and Hill’s terminology.

Tamana Main Cave is approximately a quarter mile in length and
has a small stream flowing through it. Usually the cave is entered via
a rope or ladder through the main chimney which has a vertical drop of
about 17 feet. The densest concentrations of the moth were observed
approximately 60 feet upstream (toward the main entrance of the
cave) from the chimney area, and about 130 feet from the main
entrance.

The smaller of the two known Tamana caves, usually referred to
simply as the Dry Cave, is located approximately fifty yards further up
the mountain side. As its name indicates, there is no water in the cave.
To date, no moths have been collected from this cave.

Surprisingly little interest has been shown toward cave dwelling
Lepidoptera in sharp contrast to other orders of insects containing
cavernicolous forms. The paucity of research in this area probably is
due largely to the rather different and perhaps slightly more tedious
methods for collecting suitable material, as well as to the pronounced
scarcity of lepidopterists with any interests along these lines.

Wolf (1934-1938) lists 31 species of Lepidoptera from caves, but
some of these may have only been accidental strays. Few cavernicolous
Lepidoptera have been described (Diakonoff, 1951) or reported in
recent years. Those that have been mentioned in the literature of late
rarely are positively identified, reflecting, again, both the poor condi-
tion of the material being sent to specialists for identification as well
as the immature state of our knowledge of the fauna.

In an attempt to remedy this situation, I have initiated a world study
on cave dwelling Lepidoptera and would like to take this opportunity
to request study material from anyone who has collected, or is willing
to collect Lepidoptera inside caves. The adults need not have their
wings spread, but they should be pinned squarely through the thorax
and not preserved in alcohol. Intensive collecting in the future is
expected to reveal a number of new forms, such as the one described
below.

52 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

b =

Figs. 3-6. Tetrapalpus trinidadensis, n. sp.: 3, frontal view of head; 4, lateral
view of head; 5, right maxilla; 6, wing venation. Scale = 0.5 mm (fig. 3), 0.1 mm

(fig. 5).

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 53

Tetrapalpus, n. gen.

TYPE SPECIES.—Tetrapalpus trinidadensis, n. sp.

ADULT.—Small, slender moths; wing expanse approximately 10-15 mm.

Head (figs. 3-5): Vestiture rough. Antennae relatively long, moniliform,
smooth scaled, with a single scale row completely encircling each segment; pecten
absent; sensory setae rather sparse, scattered, short, length less than one half
diameter of flagellum. Ocelli absent. Compound eyes large, nearly spherical,
naked. Mandibles present. Maxillary palpi short, less than one half the length
of labial palpi, four segmented; basal and terminal segments the longest and
approximately equal in length; second and third segments the shortest, each
approximately one half the length of terminal segment. Tongue densely pubescent,
short, approximately two thirds the length of maxillary palpi. Labial palpi three
segmented; all segments of approximately equal lengths, smooth scaled, without
conspicuous, erect hairlike setae.

Thorax: Wings (fig. 6) relatively narrow. Forewings 12-veined; 11 arising
from basal fifth of discal cell; 9 and 10 variable, usually stalked up to one half their
length, but may be narrowly separate or connate or shortly stalked; accessory cell
present; base of medius undivided within cell. Hindwing 8-veined, all veins arising
separate from cell; base of medius undivided within cell. Legs with tarsal seg-
ments relatively long and slender; prothoracic leg with tibia distinctly shorter
than first tarsal segment; epiphysis present, one half the length of foretibia.

Male genitalia: Uncus simple, acute. Gnathos mostly divided, two arms
connected only by a membranous sheet. Tegumen relatively narrow dorsally,
broadened laterally and forming a broad ring ventrally. Saccus well developed,
elongate. Aedeagus simple, relatively slender and elongate; cornuti absent.

Female genitalia: Ovipositor elongate, telescoping. Anterior and_ posterior
apophysis greatly extended. Ductus bursae slender, relatively short. Corpus
bursae completely membranous, elongate, relatively narrow, a pair of signa present.

DISCUSSION.—As far as I have been able to determine, Tetrapalpus
trinidadensis has no known close relatives. Cave dwelling moths which
I have examined to date from other parts of the world appear abun-
dantly distinct and only distantly related. Very few genera of Tineidae
normally demonstrate a stalking of veins 9 and 10 in the forewing and
those that do may be easily distinguished by other features. For exam-
ple, Barymochtha Meyrick possesses 12 veins in the forewing with 9
and 10 stalked, but in addition to having a much differently shaped
wing, Barymochtha lacks an accessory cell. Tetrapalpus may be fur-
ther distinguished from such widespread genera as Tinea, which pres-
ently contains most of the described guanobious species, by the four
segmented maxillary palpus—a character which has suggested its
generic name.

Tetrapalpus trinidadensis, n. sp.

ADULT (fig. 1).—Entire body unicolorous, brownish. Wing expanse: ¢, 9.5—
10.5mm: @, 13-15 mm.
Head (figs. 3-5): Light brown to tan; scales hairlike with acute apices. An-

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

54

8, signa;

>

7, female genitalia;

sp.:
; 10, aedeagus; 11, male genitalia, lateral view; 12,

fs
leguicsi =:
PA S
S 5
10
soo
3
iS 2 lll
S20
» Oa
3°50
=< N
ss
SRG
Sarg
Sao
SS Ce5
LOA ante
BY od
a 2
pokes | (eB)
“a2
Ges
ural fa)
1 oo
I~ o>
ar)
aie
wos
—_— co
hey
o's

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, No. 1, MARCH, 1972 55

M3

Figs. 13-18. Tetrapalpus trinidadensis, n. sp., larval structures: 13, head,
dorsal view; 14, ocellar region of right side of head; 15; ventral view of right
mandible; 16, ventral view of labrum; 17, dorsal view of labrum; 18, antenna.
Scale = 0.5 mm (fig. 13), 0.2 mm (fig. 14), 0.1 mm (figs. 15, 17).

56 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

tennae unicolorous, light to medium brown, elongate, slightly exceeding forewing
in length. Labial palpi medium brown to pale fuscous.

Thorax: Forewings, legs and dorsum of thorax light brown with slight bronzy
iridescence. Venter of thorax lighter in color, pale tan to light gray; tibial fringe
of metathoracic legs silvery gray. Hindwings light gray.

Abdomen: Light brown above; paler, more whitish beneath.

Male genitalia (figs. 9-12): Uncus broadly conical. Lateral arms of gnathos
partially separate; apices bluntly pointed. Tegumen expanded laterally; anterior
margin extended anteriorly, angulate. Vinculum with anterior margin deeply
excavated. Saccus rodlike, approximately 2 x length of uncus. Aedeagus broad
at anterior end, gradually tapering posteriorally; length almost twice that of saccus.

Female genitalia (figs. 7, 8): Lamella antevaginalis with a deep, broad, V-
shaped median cleft. Ductus bursae with a slight collarlike thickening about
midway along its length. Corpus bursae greatly lengthened and relatively slender;
signa of small size, approximately symmetrical, of an irregular, somewhat elliptical
outline.

LARVA (figs. 13-24 ).—Length of largest larva 10 mm.

Head (figs. 13-18, 22): Dark brown with a short, longitudinal black stripe at
level of ocellar setae extending to 02. Ocelli absent. A2 midway between Aa and
adfrontal suture. AFa about midway between AFI and AF2, although usually
closer to AF2. Labrum with M3 well separated from external margin; all other
setae closely bordering margin.

Thorax (fig. 19): Prothorax with tergal, plural and sternal plates dark reddish
brown. Sclerites of legs pale brownish. All coxae separated, narrowly so on pro-
thorax and becoming progressively further apart on meso-and metathorax. Integu-
ment white or nearly so. Prothorax with L1 below and between L2 and L3.
Thoracic pleura with L1, L2 and L3 together on same pinnaculum.

Abdomen (figs. 19-21, 23, 24): Pinnacula only slightly darker than whitish
integument; integument densely covered with minute spinules. Setae D1 and D2
of first eight segments borne on separate pinnacula. SD1 and SD2 usually arising
from separate pinnacula on segments 1 to 8, although nearly united on first seg-
ment. Crochets on segments 3 to 6 uniordinal and arranged in a compact uniserial
circle, numbering usually 22-26; crochets on anal prolegs similar except arranged in
a much larger circle with a broad posterior interruption and numbering approxi-
mately 19-23. SV1, SV2 and SV3 of abdominal prolegs borne on same pinnaculum
and separated from plate bearing both VI and crochets. Ninth segment with D1
and SD1 arising from same pinnaculum.

LARVAL CASE (fig. 2).—Relatively broad and distinctly depressed, slightly
broader at middle; both ends rounded and open; openings slitlike, extending
transversely at either end and inwards toward center about 1 mm on either side;
ventral and dorsal margins of openings coincident, not overlapping. Texture of
case rough, covered with dark fragments of soil, plants, and guano. Dimensions of
largest case: 10 mm long, 3 mm wide, and 1.75 mm thick.

HOLOTYPE.—Mt. Tamana Main Cave, Trinidad, °, reared from
larva collected by J. Darlington May 28, 1968, USNM 71430; in the
U.S. National Museum.

PARATYPES.—Same data as holotype, 11¢, 142, 7 larvae, 9 larval
cases (USNM).

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 57

Figs. 19-24, Tetrapalpus trinidadensis, n. sp., larval structures: 19, setae (left
side) of prothorax, mesothorax, and abdominal segments 1, 6, 8, and 9; 20,
microtrichia of sixth abdominal tergite (approximately 1,400 x ); 21, dorsal view
of eighth, ninth and tenth abdominal tergite; 22, ventral view of labium and left
maxilla; 23, detail view of crochets; 24, left proleg of seventh abdominal segment.

58 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

HOST.—Coprophagous, primarily on guano of fruit eating bat,
Phyllostomus hastatus hastatus (Pallas ).

DISTRIBUTION.—Presently known only from the Mt. Tamana
Main Cave of central Trinidad.

DISCUSSION.—The radial system in the forewings of this species
is variable, sometimes differing between the right and left pair of
wings on the same specimen. An examination of several specimens
has shown the most common condition is to have veins 9 and 10 shortly
stalked and 7 and 8 distinctly separate.

The larvae are reported by Darlington (in litt.) to normally occur
over the surface of moist but well drained bat guano; occasionally
they may be observed crawling, dragging their case along, up the walls
of the cave, perhaps where they attach for pupation. The adults are
usually seen resting on the guano and, when disturbed, seldom fly more
than a few inches above the surface.

Although ten species of bats have been reported from Tamana Main
Cave, Tetrapalpus trinidadensis seems to be largely restricted to the
piles of guano deposited by Phyllostomus hastatus hastatus. These
piles accumulate because Phyllostomus bats occur in only certain
limited areas of the cave. It also appears that none of the other bats
roost in sufficient density to create such piles. Why T. trinidadensis
should be so restricted is not known at present, but it may be due to
several factors. Some of these factors are presumably being studied
by Miss Darlington.

Tetrapalpus is apparently a troglophile, although it may be more
confined to a cave existence than certain other troglophilic tineids,
such as Amydria arizonella Dietz. The latter is a widespread species
ranging over much of the southern United States. It appears to be the
most common moth frequenting caves in this country and is partic-
ularly abundant in the Bat Cave at Carlsbad Caverns. However, this
species is often encountered over its range far from any cave and
probably also lives in the nests of various mammals (i.e., a facultative
troglophile). When the Microlepidoptera of Trinidad are better
known, Tetrapalpus may also be shown to occur in a variety of habitats.
However, it is perhaps worthy to note one atypical feature present in
T. trinidadensis, and not so developed in most Tineidae, which appar-
ently is an adaptation toward cave existence; i.e., the elongate anten-
nae. Species of troglophilic Tineinae collected or examined by the
author from other regions, particularly the Indo-Australian area, also
possess antennae significantly longer than that of most members of this
subfamily. If ever a truly troglobitic or obligate troglophilic moth is
discovered, then likely it will be a member of the subfamily Tineinae.

It has been noted (fig. 14) that ocelli are lacking in Tetrapalpus
larvae, but from a biospeliological standpoint this apparently has little

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 59

significance as several tineid genera (e.g., Tineola) never reported
from caves also lack larval ocelli. The larva of Amydria arizonella has
not been studied, although the larva of a closely related species, A.
effrentella, is known not to possess ocelli (Johnson and Martin, 1969).

REFERENCES

Bailey, V. 1928. Animal life of the Carlsbad Caverns. Monogr. American Soc.
Mammal. no. 3, pp. 1-195. Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore.

Darlington, J. P. E. C. and S. B. Hill. 1966. Preliminary report on Tamana
Caves, Central Range, Trinidad. 29 mimeographed pp. Zoology Department,
University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad.

Diakonoff, A. 1951. Notes on cave-dwelling Microlepidoptera with descriptions
of a new genus and species from East Java (Family Oinophilidae). Zool. Mede-
del. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. Leiden 31(13):129-137.

Goodwin, G. G. and A. M. Greenhall. 1961. A review of the bats of Trinidad
and Tobago. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 122 (art. 3):191-301, pls. 7-46.

Johnson, N. and P. Martin. 1969. Amydria effrentella from nests of Mountain
Beaver, Aplodontia rufa. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 62(2):396—399, figs. 1-4.

Vandel, A. 1965. Biospeliology. 524 pp. [English translation by B. E. Free-
man]. Pergamon Press, New York.

Wolf, B. 1934-1938. Animalium Cavernarum Catalogus. Three volumes.
S’Gravenhage.

A NEW SPECIES OF GARGAPHIA LACE BUG
FROM BEANS IN COLOMBIA
(HEMIPTERA: TINGIDAE )

RICHARD C, FROESCHNER, Department of Entomology, Smithsonian
Institution,Washington, D.C. 20560

ABSTRACT—A population of lace bugs of the genus Gargaphia found attack-
ing bean plants in Colombia is described as G. sanehezi, n. sp. near G. nigrinervis
Stal. Probable repeated occurrence of this lace bug on beans is attested to by
another Colombian series collected on this same host forty years previously.

This plant-feeder whose adults and nymphs attack beans in Colom-
bia is apparently unnamed. The description is based on two Colombian
series collected forty years apart on that host.

Gargaphia sanchezi, n. sp.

Diagnosis: Gargaphia sanchezi belongs to that group of tropical
American species members of the genus, including G. nigrinervis Stal
to which it is most closely related, recognized by the combination of
the broad costal area with four to six cells across its widest part, the

60 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

obtusely angled paranotum with three to four cells across its widest part,
and four to six blackened veins in the otherwise unmarked, hyaline
expansions of the elytra. Within this group it is readily recognized by
the strongly concave dorsal outline of the median carina which main-
tains the same height in passing down the posterior slope of the inter-
humeral convexity onto the posterior pronotal projection.

Characters: Length 4.2-4.5 mm.

Head vertically deflexed, with 5 long, tapering cephalic spines. Antennal seg-
ment I elongate, almost as long as width of vertex plus 1 eye, 3 times as long as
II; III thinnest, 4 times as long as I plus II and 3 times as long as IV. Labium
reaching between middle coxae.

Pronotum with a distinct, somewhat compressed hood rising as high as or slightly
higher than median carina, only slightly extended above base of head. Median
carina uniseriate, about as high as a femoral diameter, its dorsal outline concave
as it passes down posterior interhumeral convexity onto posterior pronotal pro-
jection. Lateral carinae uniseriate, about as high as median carina, reaching to
calli anteriorly. Paranotum 3 to 4 cells wide across obtuse angulation opposite
humeri, thence narrowing anteriorly and posteriorly. Posterior pronotal projection
reaching nearly or quite to midlength of discoidal area.

Forewing with discoidal area 5 to 6 cells wide and confined to basal two-fifths.
Subcostal area weakly oblique; biseriate in male, triseriate in female. Costal area
triseriate in basal third, with 4 to 6 cells across widest part beyond apex of discoidal
area; hypocostal lamina uniseriate.

Peritreme elevated, narrowly transversely oval. Sternal laminae present on all
3 sterna, gradually and continuously diverging on pro- and mesosternum, on
metasternum broadly cordate with posterior apices widely separated; enclosed
sternal groove interrupted by a strongly elevated, angled, transverse lamina at
base of metasternum (characteristic of the genus Gargaphia). Abdomen convex,
impunctate.

Color: Head black, bucculae and subantennal plates whitish; cephalic spines
yellow; antenna with segments I, II, and IV (except base) black, III usually yellow,
becoming black toward base on some males; labium brown. Thorax black, pronotal
disk with a dense pale pile; hood, longitudinal carinae, paranota, and_ sternal
laminae yellowish white; posterior pronotal projection mostly white; legs, except
for blackened tarsi, yellow. Forewing with frosty white discoidal and subcostal
areas interrupted by a postmedian dark band formed from embrowned veins;
costal area and apex of forewing beyond tip of abdomen with cells and most veins
clear hyaline, 2-4 cross veins in costal area and 2 veins extending from tip of
subcostal area distinctly blackened. Abdomen black in fully matured specimens.

Holotype male: Colombia, Bello, Antioquia, August 17, 1970,
Guillermo Sanchez G., from beans (USNM type number 71127).
Paratypes: 7 males and 11 females taken with the holotype; Colombia,
Medellin, Antioquia, August 21, 1930, C. H. Ballou, on leaves of pole
beans, 1 male, 6 females, from C. J. Drake Collection (USNM).

This new species is dedicated to Dr. Guillermo Sanchez G. who col-
lected the fine series of specimens at Bello.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, No. 1, MARCH, 1972 61

A NEW SUBGENUS AND SPECIES OF MEGANDRENA FROM
NEVADA, WITH NOTES ON ITS FORAGING AND
MATING BEHAVIOR
(HYMENOPTERA: ANDRENIDAE )

Tuomas J. ZAvorTINK, Department of Zoology, University of
California, Los Angeles, California 90024

ABSTRACT: A new subgenus, Erythrandrena, and new species, mentzeliae,
of Megandrena from southern Nevada are described and illustrated. Characters
for separating the subgenera Erythrandrena and Megandrena and the genera
Megandrena and Ancylandrena are provided. The unusual characteristics of Meg-
andrena and the subgenus Erythrandrena are discussed and it is suggested that
Megandrena is as old as the andrenid subfamilies Panurginae and Andreninae.
Since Megandrena mentzeliae is closely associated with the loasaceous plant
Mentzelia tricuspis, a brief description of the ecology, floral morphology and
floral biology of this plant is given before a more detailed discussion of the
behavior of males, foraging females and mating pairs of Megandrena mentzeliae.
Possible coadaptations of Megandrena mentzeliae and Mentzelia tricuspis are indi-
cated, the role of Megandrena mentzeliae in the pollination of Mentzelia tricuspis
in southern Nevada is discussed, and the complexity of pollination ecology in
Mentzelia tricuspis and other plants with similar flowers is mentioned.

Among the bees collected visiting Mentzelia tricuspis Gray in the
Spring Mountains northwest of Las Vegas, Nevada, in 1968 and 1969
is an undescribed species of Megandrena. This species is sufficiently
different from M. enceliae (Cockerell, 1927) to be placed in a separate
subgenus. The present paper provides descriptions of both the species
and subgenus and notes on the mating and foraging behavior of the
bee and the pollination of Mentzelia tricuspis.

The subgeneric description includes characters which have been
found to be of value in defining the North American subgenera of
Andrena (Lanham, 1949; LaBerge, 1964) as well as characters which
serve to separate Erythrandrena from Megandrena s. str. and the
genera Andrena and Ancylandrena.

Erythrandrena, n. subgen.

Diagnosis.—Differs from Megandrena s. str. as follows: both sexes with meta-
soma largely red; female with long flexible curved or wavy bristles on foretarsus;
male with head enlarged, face short and broad, and eyes conspicuously divergent
below; male genitalia without exposed portion of gonobase.

Description —Medium-sized species; head and mesosoma largely black with
pale pubescence, metasoma largely red with conspicuous white pubescent fasciae;
male with cream-colored to yellowish markings on face and mandible.

Female.—Facial quadrangle a little broader than long; eyes slightly divergent
below; clypeus slightly protuberant; genal area narrower than eye, without carina;
malar space very short; ocelli not enlarged; facial fovea very broad and moderately

62 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MarcH, 1972

Fig. 1. Megandrena (Erythrandrena) mentzeliae, n. sp.: A-C, male genitalia,
dorsal, lateral, and ventral views, respectively, gonobase stippled; D, E, male

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 63

impressed above, narrowed and unimpressed below, and moderately long, ex-
tending to level of antenna; paramandibular carina without setae; flagellar segment
1 subequal to combined length of following 3 segments, segments 2 to 9 broader
than long; anterior mandibular articulation far behind lower anterior margin of
eye; mandibles edentate, long, decussate, without basal blister; proboscis without
specialized bristles; galea about 0.7 to 0.8 times length of prementum; maxillary
palpus extending slightly beyond apex of galea, segment 1 longest, 2 shortest, 3 to
5 subequal in length, each slightly longer than 2, 6 slender, longer than 5; labial
palpus shorter than maxillary palpus, subcylindrical, segment 1 longest, 2 and 3
subequal in length and together about equal to length of segment 1, 4 slender,
longer than 3; glossa pointed, about 0.4 times length of prementum.

Prothorax with conspicuous humeral angle; basal portion of propodeum gently
declivous, in profile nearly touching line tangent to convexities of scutellum and
metanotum; propodeal enclosure not bordered by carina; propodeal corbicula very
well developed, anterior and dorsal margins with dense vestiture of long, curled,
short-plumose hairs, interior with a few long hairs. Tibiae not modified; postvelar
portion of malus usually very short; fore tarsus with long slender flexible curved or
wavy hairs; hind tarsus shorter than mid tarsus or hind tibia; mid basitarsus not
expanded, narrower than hind basitarsus; hind basitarsus short, about 0.5 times
length of hind tibia; hind coxa and trochanter with dense floccus of long, curled,
short-plumose hairs; scopa of hind tibia and base of hind basitarsus long and dense,
hairs of outer surface simple. Fore wing with pterostigma short, about 0.45 to
0.55 as long as distance from its apex to apex of marginal cell, and narrow, about
as broad as distance from inner edge of prestigma to costal margin; apex of marginal
cell conspicuously, and frequently very abruptly, bent away from wing margin;
three submarginal cells, second longer than broad, trapezoidal, third subequal
in length to first or slightly shorter; first recurrent vein usually ending near apex
of second submarginal cell.

Anterior face of first metasomal tergum shallowly sulcate; pygidial plate with
broad rounded median keel; sterna 1 and 2 with scopa of long simple or short-
plumose hairs.

Male.—Head enlarged; facial quadrangle much broader than long; eyes con-
spicuously divergent below; clypeus very slightly protuberant; genal area slightly
broader than eye; upper paraocular area relatively flat; antenna scarcely longer
than that of female, flagellar segment 1 longer than combined length of segments
2 and 3, segments 2 to 10 slightly broader than long.

Hind tarsus slightly longer than mid tarsus or hind tibia.

Metasomal tergum 7 without well defined pygidial plate, but with long slender
flat-topped apical process; sternum 7 without strongly sclerotized median projec-
tion. Exposed portion of gonobase absent; gonocoxite without dorsal lobe; volsella
moderately long, spiculate; penis valves fused, exceeding apical lobe of gonocoxite;
penis emergent dorsally, surrounded by delicate lamellae and membranous lobes.

Etymology.—Erythrandrena: erythr-, Greek combining form meaning red, plus
Andrena, a genus of bees; prefix refers to the red metasoma (feminine ).

<

sterna VIII and VII, respectively; F, base of male genitalia, gonobase pulled from
gonocoxal apodeme; G, H, face of female and male, respectively, right half

denuded.

64 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

TYPE-SPECIES: Megandrena (Erythrandrena) mentzeliae, n. sp.

Megandrena (Erythrandrena) mentzeliae, n. sp.

(Figs. 1, 2, 3)

Female.—Length, exclusive of antenna, about 10.5 to 13.5 mm. Length of fore
wing about 7.3 to 8.3 mm. Width of head about 3.4 to 3.8 mm.

Width of face at level of cylpeal base 1.04 to 1.13 times length from lower edge
of median ocellus to apex of clypeus; subantennal area broader than long; facial
fovea with hairs of upper portion short, outstanding, brownish-grey when viewed
from front but whitish when viewed from above, hairs of lower portion longer,
appressed, white; head largely black, reddened ventrally; punctation mostly fine and
close; disc of clypeus more coarsely and sparsely punctured, its surface minutely
tessellate; small impunctate, smooth or minutely tessellate area present dorsolaterad
of lateral ocellus; pubescence dense, white on face and gena, light brownish-grey
to brown on vertex; labrum subrectangular, width about 2.2 to 2.5 times median
length, base black with crescentic elevated process, apex reddened; mandible
ferruginous to black suffused with red except for darker apex and inner edges;
scape, pedicel and basal portion of flagellum black, distal portion of flagellum
ferruginous; scape with long white pubescence on inner and lower outer surfaces.

Mesosoma black with small lateral areas suffused with red; largely finely and
closely punctured; subdorsal posterior median portion of mesoscutum and subdorsal
median portion of scutellum nearly impunctate, smooth or shallowly tessellate;
metanotum and propodeum roughened; pubescence abundant, long and white on
mesepisternum and propodeum, short and light tan to brown on posterior lobe of
pronotum, mesoscutum, scutellum and metanotum; tegula black to brown. Legs
blackish or brownish basally, becoming lighter distally; tibial spurs usually testa-
ceous yellow; pubescence, including scopal hairs, largely white; apex of fore tibia,
distal posterior margin of mid tibia, and basal posterior margin of hind tibia with
some brownish hair; wavy bristles of fore tarsus testaceous. Wing veins black and
brown; membrane mostly colorless basally, tinged with brown beyond cells, pubes-
cent, especially distally.

Metasoma flattened dorso-ventrally; terga 1 to 4 slightly impressed beneath
apical fascia; largely red; terga 1 and 2 with lateral black spot; middorsal portion
of tergum 1, lateral portion of tergum 3, and all of terga 4 and 5 frequently suffused
with black; terga and sterna finely and closely punctured; terga 1 to 4 with broad
white fascia on posterior margin; tergum 1 with additional long, erect white pubes-
cence and terga 2 to 4 with short appressed white pubescence laterally; prepygidial
fimbria white, emarginate; pygidial fimbria brown mesally, becoming white
laterally; pygidial plate black, suffused with red basally; sterna 2 to 5 with 2 apical
rows of long white pubescence broadly interrupted medially.

Male.—Length, exclusive of antenna, about 10.5 to 14.0 mm. Length of fore
wing about 7.3 to 8.5 mm. Width of head about 3.6 to 4.3 mm.

Like female except for the following: Width of face 1.31 to 1.46 times length;
facial fovea sometimes developed, narrow, short, weakly impressed and sparsely
pubescent when present; head black with clypeus and lower paraocular area largely
cream-colored to yellowish; disc of clypeus finely and moderately closely punctured;
labrum narrower and longer than in female, median width about 1.6 to 1.8 times
length, brown, nearly plane; mandible cream-colored to yellowish except for
brownish or reddish-black base, apex and inner edges.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, No. 1, MARCH, 1972 65

B. : ae

Fig. 2. Megandrena (Erythrandrena) mentzeliae, n. sp. in flower of Mentzelia
tricuspis: A, first phase of mating, male mounted on foraging female; B, second
phase of mating, male partly outside flower, arrow pointing to antenna, female
foraging, rotated from position in A.

66 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

Pubescence of posterior lobe of pronotum and anterior portion of mesoscutum
usually whitish, that of posterior portion of mesoscutum, scutellum and metanotum
usually tinged with light brown or grey. Pubescence of tibiae white.

Metasoma not as flattened as that of female; terga 1 to 6 moderately impressed
beneath apical fascia; black markings usually restricted to lateral spot on terga 1 and
2 and middorsal blotch on tergum 1; terga 1 to 7 with broad white fascia on
posterior margin; sterna 2 to 6 with 2 apical rows of long white pubescence, these
sometimes broadly interrupted medially; sternum 7 with long white pubescence
concealing a pair of subtriangular apical lamellae; sternum 8 with long, strongly
sclerotized, apically expanded median projection.

TYPES: Holotype male, allotype female, and 254 paratypes (205

males, 49 females) from foothills of Spring Mountains, about 13 miles
northwest of ] Las Vegas, Clark County, Nevada (36° 15’ North, 115° 18’
to 115° 21’ West), 3,000 to 3,400 feet, May 3, 1968, and May 10 to June
9, 1969, T. J. Zavortink and/or R. R. Snelling, on Mentzelia tricuspis.
The holotype, allotype, and 24 paratypes (19 males, 5 females) are at
the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History. Additional para-
types are in the collections of the American Museum of Natural His-
tory, the United States National Museum, the University of California
at Riverside, the University of Kansas, G. I. Stage, and T. J. Zavortink.

Discussion.—I originally thought this species, first known from two
males collected in 1968, belonged to the subfamily Panurginae. But
examination of females collected in 1969 indicates it does not, and com-
parison of males and females with both sexes of Megandrena enceliae,
which is currently placed in the subfamily Andreninae (Michener,
1944), leaves no doubt that these two species are related. The differ-
ences between them are, however, so numerous and significant that
Megandrena mentzeliae is being placed in the monotypic subgenus
Erythrandrena. Erythrandrena is most conspicuously differentiated
from Megandrena s. str. by the following features: 1) enlarged head of
male, 2) broadened face of male, 3) ventrally divergent eyes of male,
4) relatively flat upper paraocular area of male, 5) conspicuous humeral
angle, 6) short postvelar portion of malus, 7) flexible wavy foretarsal
bristles of female, 8) strongly bent apex of marginal cell, 9) largely
red metasoma, 10) absence of exposed portion of male gonobase, 11)
absence of dorsal lobe on male gonocoxite, and 12) moderately long
volsella of male genitalia.

The genus Megandrena, as interpreted here, includes only the mono-
typic subgenera Erythrandrena and Megandrena. It does not include
Ancylandrena. That small group of four species, one yet undescribed,
should be recognized at the generic level. Megandrena can be distin-
guished from Ancylandrena by the following morphological character-
istics: 1) short antenna of male, 2) posteriorly displaced anterior
mandibular articulation, 3) more gently declivous basal portion of
propodeum, 4) well developed propodeal corbicula of female, 5) dense

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., voL. 74, No. 1, MARCH, 1972 67

Fig. 3. Megandrena (Erythrandrena) mentzeliae, n. sp. on Mentzelia tricuspis:
A, third phase of mating, male and female on sepals and bracts beneath flower;
B, foraging female mating with male on left, mounted by second male.

68 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

floccus of long, curled hairs on hind coxa and trochanter of female, 6)
shallowly sulcate first metasomal tergum, 7) absence of well defined
pygidial plate in male, 8) absence of strongly sclerotized median proc-
ess on seventh sternum of male, 9) characteristically shaped male
genital capsule, 10) reduced male gonobase, and 11) dorsally emergent
penis.

Many of the characteristics of Megandrena and of the subgenus
Erythrandrena in particular are unusual for andrenine bees. Males of
M. mentzeliae have a relatively flat upper paraocular area in which a
small facial fovea is sometimes developed. The fovea is weakly im-
pressed, yet quite distinct, and sparsely pubescent. Males of M. enceliae
have the broad, shallow, poorly defined depression between the eye
and the lateral ocellus which is typical of andrenines. The marginal
cell of M. mentzeliae is conspicuously bent away from the wing margin,
sometimes so sharply that it is obliquely truncate, and noticeably ap-
pendiculate. The marginal cell of M. enceliae is pointed, but with the
apex slightly bent away from the wing margin and minutely appendicu-
late. Again, the condition in M. enceliae is more typical of an an-
drenine bee. The pollen transporting apparatus of both species of
Megandrena is unusually extensive. Pollen is carried in a very well
developed propodeal corbicula and in scopal hairs on the hind coxa,
trochanter, femur, tibia and basitarsus and the metasomal sterna. The
species differ in extent of the metasomal scopa: in M. enceliae it is
found on segments | to 4, in M. mentzeliae it is restricted to segments
1 and 2. The male genitalia of Megandrena are very distinctive. The
genital capsule is thick and massive and very frequently protrudes
from the genital chamber. The penis projects from the dorsal surface
of the aedeagus and is surrounded by lobes and lamellae. The gono-
base of the male genitalia is much reduced from the usual condition in
Ancylandrena and Andrena. In M. enceliae the exposed portion is
present, but very short; the inflected portion is large and coextensive
with the large gonocoxal apodeme. In M. mentzeliae the exposed por-
tion is absent; the inflected portion is still present, though, as a thin,
moderately sclerotic ring adnate to the gonocoxal apodeme. This ring
can be pulled free from the gonocoxal apodeme in its entirety (fig. LF,
gonobase stippled). The gonobase of the male genitalia has been re-
ported to be absent in only two other groups of bees, the genus Apis
(Snodgrass, 1941) and the subfamily Panurginae (Rozen, 1951). The
inflected portion of the gonobase may be present in the Panurginae
also, as it is possible to pull a thin sclerotic sheet from at least a portion
of the gonocoxal apodeme in species of Hypomacrotera, Nomadopsis
and Perdita.

The many unusual characteristics of Megandrena indicate a long his-
tory for the lineage leading to the extant forms. The occurrence of

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 69

panurgine features in one of the modern species suggests, moreover,
that the group is as old as or older than the Panurginae and Andreninae.
I believe further speculations about the age and relationships of
Megandrena and, of course, any change in the rank accorded this group
within the Andrenidae should await the discovery and study of the
nests and immature stages.

Females of Megandrena mentzeliae forage on Mentzelia tricuspis.
Pollen is combed from the spaces between the stamens by the flexible
wavy bristles of the foretarsi as the latter are pulled through the
androecium. The shortened postvelar portion of the malus is un-
doubtedly correlated with this peculiar use of the fore legs.

Megandrena mentzeliae is known at present from only the type
locality near Las Vegas, Nevada. Although extensive collections of
pollinators of Mentzelia tricuspis and the other species of the section
BICUSPIDARIA of Mentzelia have been made at numerous localities
south of the latitude of Las Vegas, Megandrena mentzeliae has not
been found. Since relatively little collecting has been done at or north
of the latitude of Las Vegas, this bee may be found to be widely dis-
tributed in the northern portion of the range of BICUSPIDARIA.

Biology—Megandrena mentzeliae is intimately associated with
Mentzelia tricuspis. This loasaceous plant is a desert annual that
characteristically grows in disturbed sandy or gravelly areas. It is
particularly common on the pediment between the Spring Mountains
and the Las Vegas Valley about 13 miles northwest of the city of Las
Vegas, Nevada. Here it grows sparsely over the surface of the desert,
apparently in response to the slight downslope movement of surface
material, and more densely in areas of greater substrate movement.
These areas include the sides and bottoms of small washes, the tumuli
of rodent burrows, the edges of graded roads, and the sides of gravel
pits. It is in the last mentioned habitat, gravel pits, that Mentzelia
tricuspis is most common and forms, in favorable years, large, nearly
pure stands on the southfacing slopes. Most of the observations of
Megandrena mentzeliae were made on plants growing in such situ-
ations.

Mentzelia tricuspis has large, solitary, erect, yellowish-white, more
or less infundibular flowers with five free, imbricate petals, a single
style from an inferior ovary, and very numerous stamens in several
series. The style is peculiarly stiff and exserted beyond the stamens.
Although three cleft, it appears to be simple because the rigid stigmatic
lobes are erect and appressed to each other. Stigmatic hairs are ex-
serted from the distal portion of the grooves between the lobes and
from the end of each lobe. The stamens of M. tricuspis, as well as
those of most of the other species of the section BICUSPIDARIA of
Mentzelia, are unusual because the basifixed anther is subtended by a

70 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

pair of lateral lobes from the ampliate filament. These lobes are espe-
cially long and conspicuous on the outer stamens, where they subtend
a relatively small anther set atop a prolongation of the filament be-
tween the lobes. There is a gradual change from this type of stamen to
the inner stamens, which have short lateral lobes subtending a large
anther nearly sessile in the crotch between the lobes.

Buds of Mentzelia tricuspis open throughout the day and the flowers
last for two or three days. During late afternoon or early evening the
flowers partially close and do not reopen until the following morning.
When a flower first opens the filaments of most of the stamens are
curved toward the center of the flower and the anthers are held in a
compact mass around the style; as the flower ages, successive series of
stamens bend toward the petals or straighten and their anthers are
moved away from the style. As pollen is released from the anthers it
falls into the spaces between the filaments and into the chamber formed
around the base of the style by the incurvature of the filaments. This
chamber has been called the pollen chamber in another loasaceous
plant, Eucnide urens Parry, by Thompson and Ernst (1967). As far
as is known, the stigma is receptive when the flower first opens.

Males of Megandrena mentzeliae spend the night solitarily in the
partially closed flowers of Mentzelia tricuspis. They resume their
activities in the morning at about the same time the flowers are re-
opening. This time seems to vary from 0715 to 0845 PST, a full 2.5 to
4.0 hours after sunrise. Once active, the males patrol the patches of
Mentzelia for the rest of the day by flying low and rapidly over the
flowers. They have not been observed gathering nectar from the
flowers of Mentzelia or any other plant and have been seen resting in
Mentzelia flowers only infrequently. During its patrolling, a male
drops from the air into any flower occupied by another moderate-
sized bee. If the individual upon which it lands is a female Megandrena
mentzeliae, mating seems to invariably follow. If the individual is
another male Megandrena or either sex of the species of Hesperapis
and Xeralictus which regularly visit Mentzelia tricuspis at this site,
the male Megandrena leaves the flower immediately. Indeed, this
interaction between sexually incompatible individuals is so rapid that
the male Megandrena appears to fall into the flower and bounce right
out. Males of Megandrena mentzeliae start retiring in the late after-
noon or early evening, as the flowers of Mentzelia begin to close. This
time extends from nearly 1600 to 1730 PST.

Females of Megandrena mentzeliae start arriving at the patches of
Mentzelia at about the same time the males become active. Although
they continue to forage throughout the day, they seem to be less numer-
ous in the afternoon. They gather pollen from newly opened flowers
which, as noted above, have most of the stamens in a compact mass

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 Tal

around the style. A female alights in the center of the flower and is
supported by the rigid stigma which extends into the cavity formed
between the hind legs and the base of the deflexed metasoma. It
anchors itself in this position by extending its head far down into the
space between the outer stamens and petals and grasping several fila-
ments with its mandibles (fig. 2A, head of female to far left). Then it
pulls its fore legs through the mass of stamens rapidly and repeatedly,
raking pollen from the spaces between the filaments with the flexible
wavy bristles of the fore tarsi. This pollen is continuously transferred
to the scopa. After several seconds of raking, the female releases the
filaments held by its mandibles, rotates to a new position in the flower
(fig. 2B, female rotated from position in 2A), grasps another set of
filaments, and repeats the raking. A female may forage in one flower
for several minutes and pass through more than a complete rotation
during this time. At the completion of foraging, the female abruptly
leaves the flower and apparently flies a considerable distance before
relanding. Females make no attempt to gather pollen from flowers
which do not have a compact mass of stamens. Like the males, they
have not been observed gathering nectar.

Megandrena mentzeliae and Mentzelia tricuspis seem well adapted
to each other. The bee must very effectively outcross the plant. When
a female alights on the stigma, the scopa of the hind coxae and tro-
chanters and base of the metasoma is in direct contact with that organ
and when it rotates in the flower pollen from the scopa is most cer-
tainly forced into the grooves between the appressed lobes of the stigma.
Adaptations of the flower for foraging by Megandrena mentzeliae
could include the rigid style and stigma, which support the bee, the
aggregrated anthers on incurved filaments, which concentrate the
pollen and allow its collection by centripetal combing, the expanded
filaments, which prevent pollen from the outer anthers from falling to
the bottom of the flower, and the subtending lobes of the anthers,
which protect the latter during raking by the bee.

Mating of Megandrena mentzeliae occurs throughout the day on the
Mentzelia plants. Copulation usually lasts for many minutes and typi-
cally consists of three distinct phases. These are a short initial period
when both bees are in the flower, a longer interval during which only
the female remains in the flower, and a final stage, lasting several
minutes, in which both bees rest on the subfloral parts of the plant.
The duration of each of these phases is, of course, variable and any
may occasionally be so short as to be virtually absent. As indicated
earlier males of Megandrena mentzeliae drop into flowers occupied by
other bees. If the male lands on a female Megandrena mentzeliae (fig.
2A), it produces a characteristic, and quite loud, buzzing during the
time it takes to connect its genitalia with those of the female. This

co |
bo

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

period of buzzing is normally very brief, lasting but a few seconds.
It can, however, be quite long and in one recorded instance lasted
more than four minutes. While the male is mounted on her back and
buzzing, the female continues to forage. Once its genitalia are firmly
attached, the male falls backward (fig. 3B, male to the left) and par-
tially or completely leaves the flower by crawling between two petals
(fig. 2B, arrow pointing to male antenna). The female persists in col-
lecting pollen and usually remains in the flower for an additional one
to three minutes. The recorded extremes for this period of additional
foraging are a few seconds to six minutes. The arc through which the
female can rotate while foraging at this time is, of course, much reduced
by the more or less stationary position of the male. After completing
her foraging the female also crawls from the flower and the mating
pair clings to the sepals or bracts of the flower in which they started
mating (fig. 3A) or to the buds, bracts or leaves of adjacent stems.
The time that the pair remains in copulation outside the flower is
usually between six and twelve minutes, but varies from a few seconds
to as long as 18 minutes. The male is normally quite passive during this
time and does little more than alter his stance in response to movements
by the female. The female frequently grooms herself and may palpate
the male with her antennae. Almost invariably she ultimately turns
and bites and claws at the pygidial area of the male (fig. 3A). This
activity increases in frequency as long as mating continues and it is
usually during such movements that copulation suddenly ends and
both bees fly away.

The only major departure from the mating behavior outlined above
occurs in the early morning when the flowers are still partially closed.
Bees mating in such flowers often make no attempt to crawl between
the petals and the entire period of copulation is spent in the flower.
The female does not forage throughout the duration of these matings.

Males of Megandrena mentzeliae will mate with freshly killed fe-
males placed in Mentzelia flowers. Such matings are like normal matings
except that the male drags the female from the flower immediately
after pairing and may remain in copulation beneath the flower for as
long as 40 minutes. These observations suggest that the live female
resists being pulled from the flower and plays an active part in ter-
minating the mating. Individual dead females have been mated as
many as three times, with as little as one minute elapsing between the
end of one mating and the start of the next.

As long as one or both members of the mating pair remain in the
flower, the female is subject to disturbance by other males. These
frequently land and attempt to copulate (fig. 3B, mating male to the
left, non-mating male mounted on female). They usually leave after
a few seconds and seldom cause the mating pair to break up. After the

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 ae

mating pair has left the flower, it is only very rarely disturbed by
another male. Possibly, then, exodus from the flower evolved as a
means of minimizing disturbance by other males.

The nests of Megandrena mentzeliae have not been located yet.
Small areas on the legs of some males and females and on the pygidial
plate of some females are encrusted with fine grained light colored
soil, which suggests that nesting occurs in the ground.

The complexity of pollination ecology in Mentzelia tricuspis and the
other plants with similar flowers is only beginning to be appreciated
and can only be alluded to in the present paper. In gross morphology
the flowers of the section BICUSPIDARIA are quite unlike those of
the other sections of Mentzelia and are, in fact, with one exception
quite unlike those of any other plant in western North America. The
lone exception is another member of the family Loasaceae, Eucnide
urens. E. urens is itself so different from other Eucnide that it has been
placed in the monotypic section MENTZELIOPSIS. Apparently in
response to the vast amount of pollen present in this unique flower
type, bees of three different kinds have become oligolectic on these
plants. These are the subgenus Erythrandrena of the andrenid genus
Megandrena, the halictid genus Xeralictus, and two closely related
species of the melittid genus Hesperapis. These flowers are, of course,
visited regularly by the ubiquitous Perdita and occasionally by other
bees. There is considerable regional differentiation in the plants, bees,
and interaction between the two. In BICUSPIDARIA there is varia-
tion, some specific, with much of this currently misinterpreted as being
intraspecific, and some regional, in flower size and color, style length,
number and compactness of the stamens, and development of the lobes
of the filament. In MENTZELIOPSIS there is variation in time of
flowering, this possibly correlated with the historical presence or ab-
sence of BICUSPIDARIA in the same area. Among the bees there are
interspecific differences and at least geographic intraspecific variations
in size and color. At the level of interaction between the plants and
bees there appear to be temporal, microgeographic, and macrogeo-
graphic differences in the number of species and kinds of bees visiting
a given species of plant. Most populations of melittophilous BICUSPI-
DARIA which have been studied are visited by two species of bees
which are almost always differentiated by metasomal color of the fe-
males. The population of Mentzelia tricuspis northwest of Las Vegas
is unusual because it is visited by three species of bees, all of which
have a largely red metasoma. These bees are Megandrena (Ery-
thrandrena) mentzeliae, an undescribed species of Xeralictus, and an
undescribed species of Hesperapis near H. laticeps Crawford, 1917.
Early in the season, when only the Mentzelia growing on the south-
facing slopes of the gravel pits is in bloom, Xeralictus is the only bee

74 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

present. Later in the season, when the Mentzelia growing in areas of
natural disturbance is also in flower, all three bees are active. If
Xeralictus is the only Mentzelia visiting bee in the area that finds
suitable nesting sites in the gravel pits, which are obviously the
warmest microhabitat, then its earlier emergence could be due solely
to man’s disturbance of the environment. This is, of course, sheer
speculation since the nesting sites of all three species are unknown.
During the height of the flowering season all three bees can be found
visiting Mentzelia throughout the day. Megandrena mentzeliae is,
however, more common than the others in the forenoon. It is un-
doubtedly the most effective and important pollinator because it visits
the flowers at an earlier stage in their development than does either
the Hesperapis or Xeralictus. The latter bees visit older flowers in
which the mass of stamens has loosened and forage in a totally dif-
ferent manner. They alight in the flower, usually on the stigma, and
force their way head first between the stamens and style and enter
the pollen chamber. Here they gather pollen on the foreparts of the
body, then back from the chamber, frequently aided in this by move-
ments of the metasoma which is hooked over the apex of the stiff
stigma, and transfer the pollen to the scopa of the hind legs. When
the stamens are tightly appressed to the style, as they are in the fresh
flowers visited by Megandrena mentzeliae, the Xeralictus and Hes-
perapis are not able to force their way into the pollen chamber. They
are, in fact, only rarely seen in such flowers. If, as is apparently the case,
the stigma of Mentzelia tricuspis is receptive when the flower first
opens, then pollination has occurred before the flower is visited by
Xeralictus and Hesperapis, and the latter do little more than collect
residual pollen.

One can speculate ad infinitum about the evolution of BICUSPI-
DARIA, MENTZELIOPSIS, the bees associated with them, and a
pollination system in which some of the same morphological features
of the flower are utilized in totally different ways by unlike bees. Some
very obvious unanswered and possibly unanswerable questions to be
considered are: Does Megandrena mentzeliae exploit flowers adapted
for pollination by Xeralictus and Hesperapis? Or, are Xeralictus and
Hesperapis pollen scavengers which have come to be the sole polli-
nators of BICUSPIDARIA over most of its range? Or, could the
flowers possibly have evolved synchronously for pollination by two
different, but not incompatible, means? What is the basis for the
similarity in the flowers of MENTZELIOPSIS and BICUSPIDARIA?
Do these plants compete for pollinators? Could MENTZELIOPSIS
have lost pollinators to BICUSPIDARIA? Is there any relationship
between speciation in BICUSPIDARIA and the bees? Is there compe-
tition for pollen between Megandrena mentzeliae and the Xeralictus and

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 75

Hesperapis or do they tap more or less separate supplies of pollen? Why
isn’t the Megandrena, which forages so successfully near Las Vegas,
found throughout a greater part of the range of BICUSPIDARIA?

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I wish to thank P. H. Timberlake of the University of California at Riverside,
R. R. Snelling of the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, G. I. Stage
of the University of Connecticut, and J. G. Rozen of the American Museum of
Natural History for their remarks on the position of this species. I am indebted
to J. N. Belkin of the University of California at Los Angeles for many courtesies
extended to me during this study, H. J. Thompson of the University of California
at Los Angeles for botanical counsel, and R. R. Snelling for many favors and for
reviewing the manuscript and suggesting certain improvements. The illustrations
were prepared by L. Margaret Kowalczyk and the manuscript was typed by Nancy
E. Tometich and Claire M. Price.

REFERENCES

LaBerge, W. E. 1964. Prodromus of American bees of the genus Andrena
(Hymenoptera, Apoidea). Bull. Univ. Nebr. State Mus. 4:279-316.

Lanham, U. N. 1949. A subgeneric classification of the New World bees of the
genus Andrena. Univ. Calif. Pub. Ent. 8:183—237.

Michener, C. D. 1944. Comparative external morphology, phylogeny, and a
classification of the bees( Hymenoptera). Bull. Amer. Mus. Natur. Hist. 82:
151-326.

Rozen, J. G. 1951. A preliminary comparative study of the male genitalia of
Andrenidae (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). J. Kans. Ent. Soc. 24:142-150.

Snodgrass, R. E. 1941. The male genitalia of Hymenoptera. Smithsonian Misc.
Coll. 99(14):1-86; pl. 1-33.

Thompson, H. J. and W. R. Ernst. 1967. Floral biology and systematics of
Eucnide (Loasaceae). J. Arnold Arboretum 48:56-88.

THE GENERIC NAMES SALIA AND COLOBOCHYLA OF HUBNER
(LEPpmoPTERA: NOCTUIDAE )

Joun G. FRANCLEMONT, Department of Entomology Cornell
University Ithaca, New York 14850

ABSTRACT—The generic names Salia Hiibner, [1806] and [1818], and
Colobochyla Hiibner, [1821], are discussed, and their application in the fauna
of the Americas is clarified.

In his check list of the North American Lepidoptera McDunnough,
1938, page 129, uses the generic name Salia Hiibner for a small anoma-
lous noctuid moth described as Madopa interpuncta by Grote in 1872.
With the promulgation by the International Commission on Zoological

76 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

Nomenclature in 1926 of Opinion 97 ruling the Tentamen of Hiibner
“,. . obviously prepared essentially as a manifold manuscript, or as a
proof sheet (cf. Opinion 87), for examination and opinion by a re-
stricted group of experts, i.e., in Lepidoptera, and not for general dis-
tribution as a record in Zoology.”, this use of the name became invalid
because the name was not available from 1806, the date of publication
of the Tentamen. It is apparently available from 1818 when Hubner
used it for a small noctuid from South America in the subfamily
Herminiinae. The valid name for the species called Salia interpuncta
(Grote) by McDunnough is Colobochyla interpuncta.
The following may help to make matters clear:

Colobochyla Hubner

Salia Hiibner, [1806], Tentamen. . ., p. [2].
Type: Pyralis salicalis Dennis and Schiffermiiller, 1775. Monotypy. Unavailable;
see Opinion 97.
Colobochyla Hiibner, [1825], Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettling (sic), p. 344.
Type: Pyralis salicalis Dennis and Schiffermiiller, 1775. Monotypy.
Madopa Stephens, 1829 [June], Nomenclature of British Insects, p. 45.
Type: Pyralis salicalis Dennis and Schiffermiiller, 1775. Monotypy.

The North American species interpuncta is very closely related to
the Eurasian species salicalis, and Colobochyla has been in use for
that species for a number of years, at least since Tams in 1939 demon-
strated the correct application of the name. Warren, 1913, page 398,
used Colobochyla for salicalis, but he was not generally followed.
Grote, 1873a, page 309, used Colobochyla for the species that he had
described in Madopa the previous year, apparently realizing that
Colobochyla was an earlier name for the same concept as Madopa.
Zeller in 1872, page 462, redescribed Grote’s interpuncta as a new
species, saligna, and used the emended spelling Colobochila, and he
pointed out that Walker, 1858, page 18, had misspelled the name as
Calobochyla. Grote, 1873b, page 170, accepted the emendation pro-
posed by Zeller. When Scudder made the contents of Hiibner’s Tenta-
men known, Grote, 1875, page 223, accepted the generic names pro-
posed therein and replaced Colobochila (recte Colobochyla) with Salia.
Finally it should be noted that Stephens in 1834, page 18, placed his
genus Madopa as a synonym of Colobochyla Hubner.

Salia Htibner

Salia Hiibner, [1818], Sammlung exotischer Schmetterlinge, vol. 1, pl. [208].
Type: Salia mirabilis Mimalis Hiibner, [1818]. Monotypy.

Megatomis Hubner, 1821, Index Exoticorum Lepidopterorum, p. [5]. New syn-
onymy.

Type: Salia mirabilis Mimalis Hiibner, [1818]. Monotypy.

~l
|

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., vot. 74, No. 1, MARcH, 1972

Schaus, 1916, page 388, lists Homogramma Guenée, 1854, with type
Homogramma mialis Guenée, 1854, Aigara Walker, 1865, with type
AZgara interruptalis Walker, 1865, and Batyma Schaus, 1906, with type
Batyma onesalis Schaus, 1906, as synonyms of Megatomis Hubner. I
have not studied any of these species so I cannot confirm the synonymy.

The species of this genus have the males with the palpi elongate and
recurved over the head and thorax. They are apparently restricted in
their distribution to the American Tropics. Thus, although some con-
fusion will result from this mandatory transfer of the generic name,
it is hoped that it will not be great. The name will be applied to a
group that occurs outside the range of the species which were formerly
referred to Salia in the sense of Hiibner, 1806.

REFERENCES

Grote, A. R. 1873a. Descriptions of North American Noctuidae No. 3. Trans.
Amer. Ent. Soc. 4:293-310.
1873b. Kleiner Beitrag zur Kenntnis einiger Nordamerikischer
Lepidoptera. Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. 1: 168-174.
. 1875. Supplement to the List of North American Noctuidae. Bull.
Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. 2:209-223.

McDunnough, J. H. 1938. Check List of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the
United States. Part 1. Macrolepidoptera. Bull. So. California Acad. Sci. 1:
1-272.

Schaus, W. 1916. A generic revision of the American moths of the subfamily
Hypeninae, with descriptions of new genera and species. Proc. U. S. Natl.
Mus., 50:259-399.

Stephens, J. F. 1834. Illustrations of British Entomology. Haustellata. vol. 4.
433 p. 9 col. pl. London. Baldwin & Craddock.

[Stiles, C. W.] 1926. Opinions Rendered by the International Commission on
Zoological Nomenclature. Opinions 91-97. Smiths. Misc. Coll. 73(4):1-30.
Tams, W. H. T. 1939. Further notes on the generic names of British moths.

Entomologist 72:133-141.

Walker, F. 1858. List of specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection
of the British Museum. Part 16. 253 p. London. British Museum.

Warren, W. 1904-1914. The Noctuid Moths. Palearctic Region. In Seitz, A.
Gross-schmetterlinge der Erde. Section 1, volume 3. 511 p. 75 col. pl. Stutt-
gart. Alfred Kernen.

Zeller, P. C. 1872. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der nordamerikanischen Nachtfalter.
Abhand. k. k. zool. bot. Gesell. Wien 22:447-566.

78 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

THE LAST INSTAR CATERPILLARS OF OXYCILLA TRIPLA
GROTE AND COLOBOCHYLA INTERPUNCTA (GROTE)
( LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE )

Greorce L. Goprrey, Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Illinois
and Illinois Natural History Survey, Urbana, Illinois 61801

ABSTRACT—The last instar caterpillars of two species of the subfamily
Rivulinae are described. The larva of Oxycilla tripla Grote is decribed for the first
time, and Colobochyla interpuncta (Grote) is redescribed. These species agree
only slightly with the existing definition of the subfamily Rivulinae that is based
on larval characters.

Very few caterpillars of the Nearctic species of moths now included
in the subfamily Rivulinae have been described. Dethier (1941)
described the last instar caterpillar of Rivula propinqualis Guenée,
and Forbes (1954) gave a superficial account of Colobochyla (olim
Salia) interpuncta (Grote). The purpose of this paper is to describe
the caterpillar of Oxycilla tripla Grote for the first time, to describe
in greater detail the caterpillar of Colobochyla interpuncta (Grt.), and
to compare them with Beck’s (1960) definition of the subfamily
Rivulinae that he based on larval characters.

The genus Oxycilla Grote was assigned to the subfamily Rivulinae
by Richards (1932). Besides O. tripla four other species of Oxycilla
occur in America north of Mexico (McDunnough, 1938). No cater-
pillars of the genus were known until Dr. J. G. Franclemont and I hand
collected many caterpillars of O. tripla that were feeding on Desmodium
batocaulon A. Gray (Leguminosae). They were found near East Tur-
key Creek at an elevation of 6,400 feet in the Chiricahua Mountains,
Cochise County, Arizona on the night of August 13, 1967 and on suc-
ceeding nights. Four of the caterpillars were preserved, and the re-
mainder pupated in September of 1967. Thirty-three adults emerged
from the pupae during the first part of June 1968 and were identified
by Dr. Franclemont.

All original line illustrations were drawn to scale with the aid of an
M5 Wild stereomicroscope and a grid system. The scale lines represent
0.5mm. The terminology and measurements used in this paper are the
same as the ones I previously adopted (Godfrey, 1970). I used an
Asahi Pentax camera equipped with the Pentax Bellows II and Pentax
Slide Copier to take the black and white photographs of Oxycilla tripla
from Kodachrome Slides taken by Dr. Franclemont.

Oxycilla tripla Grote
(Figs. 1-7, 16-18)
Diagnostic features. The last instar caterpillar lacks a middorsal line, but has
conspicuous, white subdorsal lines contrasting with the green ground color (figs.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 79

Figs. 1-2. Oxycilla tripla Grote: 1, lateral view; 2, dorsal view.

1, 2). The morphological structures of the mouthparts described below can be
used to recognize specimens preserved in alcohol.

General. Head 1.9-2.0 mm wide. Total length 22-23 mm. Abdominal prolegs
absent on third abdominal segment, reduced on the fourth, normal on fifth and
sixth segments. Crochets uniordinal. Head and body smooth. Dorsal abdominal
setae tapering distad, 2.4—3.0 times height of seventh abdominal spiracle; setal
insertions flat, inconspicuous.

Head. Postgenal sutures straight, parallel to each other (fig. 9); epicranial
suture 1.3 times longer than height of frons (fig. 3); distance from seta F-1 to
fronto-clypeal suture 0.33 times the distance between F-1l’s; AFa and AF-2
distinctly posterior of apex of frons; setae A 1-3 forming an obtuse angle; seta L
caudad of transverse line formed by AF-2’s; seta P-1 caudad of juncture of
adfrontal sutures; Oc 1-4 equally spaced, interspaces larger than greatest width of
individual ocelli.

Mouthparts. Oral surface of labrum medially covered with short spines (fig. 6).
Hypopharyngeal complex (fig. 5): spinneret long, tapering, not surpassing tip of
Lp-2; stipular seta shorter than Lps-1 and Lp-1, about 1.5 times longer than Lps-2,
shorter than Lp-2; distal region lacking spines above spinneret, with numerous
stout spines on pronounced raised area proximad of unspined area; proximo-lateral
region with numerous long spines irregularly arranged. Mandible (fig. 7) with a
low but elongated inner tooth; outer teeth 1-3 triangular, region of outer teeth
4-6 a low, broad cutting edge.

Thorax. Segment T-1 (fig. 17): seta D-2 caudad of line formed by D-1 and
XD-2; major axis of spiracle passing caudad of SD 1-2, cephalad of SV 1-2; SD-1
vertically in line with D 1-2. Segments T 2-3: seta L-1 located dorsad and
slightly caudad of L-2. Tarsal claws as in fig. 4; tarsal setae simple.

Abdomen. Segment Ab-1: only two subventral setae (SV-1 and -3) present,
SV-1 located postero-laterad of line formed by setae V and SV-3 (fig. 16). Seg-
ments Ab 2-6: three subventral setae present. Segment Ab-8: only one seta in
each subventral group. Segment Ab-9: seta SD-1 as strong as setae D 1-2. Anal
and subanal setae no larger than lateral setae on anal proleg (fig. 18).

Coloration. Head translucent, yellowish green without conspicuous markings.
Body generally translucent green. Dorsal area marked with two continuous sub-
dorsal lines; middorsal line absent. Subdorsal area with a broken white line on
T-2 through Ab-10. Ventral margin of lateral area present on Ab 3-9 as an
interrupted white line. Spiracles pale yellowish brown.

80 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

NIWive7
Oe Ni lini

Ni

me.
eS

9

Figs. 3-7. Oxycilla tripla Grote: 3, head capsule; 4, tarsal claws; 5, hy-
popharyngeal complex; 6, oral surface of labrum; 7, oral surface of left mandible.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 81

13

Figs. 8-14. Colobochyla interpuncta (Grote): 8, head capsule; 9, postgenae;
10, oral surface of labrum; 11, hypopharyngeal complex; 12, tarsal claw; 13,
prothoracic segment; 14, oral surface of left mandible.

82 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

e e
SV3
e e
® SV 2
e r ae
e e SV 1
15 Vv
-———_—
Ld oe
SV3
e e
© ° ° SV 1 5
Vv
4 19

“ry Ne

Fig. 15. Colobochyla interpuncta (Grote), venter of first abdominal segment.
Figs. 16-18. Oxycilla tripla Grote: 16, venter of first abdominal segment; 17,
prothoracic segment; 18, anal segment and proleg. Figs. 19-20. Rivula sericealis

(Scopoli) (adapted from Beck, 1960): 19, post-genae; 20, prothoracic segment.

Material examined. Four specimens: East Turkey Creek, 6400 feet,
Chiricahua Mountains, Cochise County, Arizona. August 13, 1967.
Collected feeding on Desmodium batocaulon A. Gray by G. L. Godfrey
and J. G. Franclemont.

Comments. Casual field observations showed that all instars ate the
leaflets of the host, but only the larger caterpillars fed on the floral
parts.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 83

Colobochyla interpuncta (Grote )
(Figs. 8-15)

Diagnostic features. The two distinct internal ridges and the structure of the
outer cutting teeth of the mandible (fig. 14) characterize this species. In addition,
the hypopharynx (fig. 11) bears very weak spines only on the proximal half of
the convex distal region.

General. Head about 1.4 mm wide. Total length about 23 mm. Abdominal
prolegs minute on third abdominal segment, slightly reduced on the fourth, normal
on fifth and sixth segments. Crochets uniordinal. Head and body smooth. Dorsal
abdominal setae tapering distad, 6.7—8.0 times height of seventh abdominal spiracle;
dorsal setal insertions flat, inconspicuous.

Head. Postgenal sutures straight, parallel to each other or slightly curved (fig.
9): epicranial suture equal to height of frons (fig. 8); distance from seta F-1 to
fronto-clypeal suture 0.47 times distance between F-l’s; seta AF-2 definitely
posterior of apex of frons; setae A 1-3 forming obtuse angle; seta L nearly in line
with or slightly posterior of line formed by AF-2’s; seta P-1 anterior of juncture
of adfrontal sutures; distance between first and second ocelli (Oc 1-2) equal to
width of Oc-2; Oc 2—4 equally spaced with interspaces greater than width of Oc-2.

Mouthparts. Oral surface of labrum unspined (fig. 10). Hypopharyngeal com-
plex (fig. 11): spinneret long and tapering, not surpassing Lp-2; stipular seta
shorter than Lps-1, longer than Lp-1 and Lps-2, equal to or slightly longer than
Lp-2; distal region with fine spines except above spinneret; proximo-lateral region
with fine spines; proximo-medial region bare. Mandible (fig. 14) with only two
inner ridges, no inner tooth; outer teeth 1—4 distinctly triangular; outer teeth 5-6
greatly reduced.

Thorax. Segment T-1 (fig. 13): seta D-2 caudad of line formed by D-1 and
XD-2; major axis of spiracle passing caudad of SD 1-2 and SV 1-2; SD-1 located
slightly posterior of vertical line passing through D-2. Segments T 2-3: seta L-1
located above and slightly caudad of L-2. Tarsal claws as in fig. 12; tarsal setae
simple.

Abdomen. Segment Ab-1: three subventral setae (SV 1-3) present; SV-1
located postero-laterad of line formed by seta V and SV-3 (fig. 15). Ab 2-6 with
three subventral setae. Ab-8 with only one seta in each subventral group. Seta
SD-1 on Ab-9 as strong as setae D 1-2. Anal and subanal setae no larger than
lateral setae on anal proleg (fig. 18).

Coloration. Forbes’ (1954) description is the following: “Light green with
double, fine irregular dorsal line, weaker white subdorsal and pale yellow stigmatal;
incisures somewhat constricted, yellow. Head held almost flat.”

Material examined. One specimen: Arlington, Virginia. August
1950. Reared on Salix sp. from ovum laid by female collected by J. G.
Franclemont.

DIsCuSsSION

The subfamily Rivulinae was proposed on the basis of adult char-
acters by Richards (1932). Later Beck (1960) diagnosed the sub-
family using the larval characters of Rivula sericealis (Scopoli). Some
of the main characters that Beck used are the following:

84 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

1. The shape of the postgenae: “Enden der Postgenae schmal,
einander bertihrend. Nahte gerade, cephal sehr stark konvergierend. . .”
(fig 1S):

2. The spininess of the oral surface of the labrum: “Labrum cephal
median nur gering eingebuchtet, von charakteristischer Form, auf der
Innenseite mit auffallender Bestachelung. . .”

3. The setal pattern on the cervical shield: “SI: I-II 1’4-2 II-IX; II
der Linie IX-X stark genahert. . .” (fig. 20: I[=D-1, I1=D-2, X=
I DEIE ID. ),.0D 2%):

4. The number of setae on the abdominal prolegs: “S 3-6: Aus-
senseite der Abdominal beine mit einer uberzahligen Borste, also 4
Borsten. ..”

5. The number of subventral setae on the eighth abdominal seg-
ment: “S 8: VII aus 2 Makroborsten. . .”

The last instar caterpillar of Oxycilla tripla has spines on the oral
surface of the labrum, but this is the only apparent similarity between
it and Rivula sericealis. According to fig. 176 by Beck (1960), the
spines on the oral surface of the labrum of the latter species are much
more numerous than in Oxycilla tripla. There is no agreement between
the two species when the other four characters that are listed above
are considered: the postgenae of Oxycilla tripla have parallel sutures;
seta D-2 on the cervical shield of O. tripla is inserted posterior of the
line formed by D-1 and XD-2 instead of being closely inserted to the
line formed by setae XD-1 and XD-2; the subventral setal groups of
O. tripla contain only three setae on the abdominal prolegs and only
one seta on the eighth abdominal segment. Colobochyla interpuncta
has no spines on the oral surface of the labrum, otherwise it is similar
to Oxycilla tripla in respect to the other four main characters.

Tympanal characters of the moths of the genus Rivula indicate that
the genus is more primitive than either Colobochyla (olim Salia) or
Oxycilla (Richards, 1932). The fully developed prolegs of Rivula
sericealis and R. propinqualis in contrast to the reduced condition of
the anterior prolegs of Oxycilla tripla and Colobochyla interpuncta
tends to substantiate this. The characters of the two species that I
have compared with Beck’s (1960) definition of the subfamily Rivulinae
show that the relationship is perhaps more distant than stated by
Richards (1932). In regards to the characters discussed in this paper,
excluding the condition of the oral surface of the labrum, Oxycilla
tripla and Colobochyla interpuncta are more similar to the species
included in the subfamily Lithacodiinae as restricted by Crumb (1956).

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The specimens of Oxycilla tripla were collected and many of the illustrations
were completed while I was a graduate research assistant in the Department of

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 85

Entomology at Cornell University and supported by USDA AGR RMA Grant No.
12—14-100-8031(33). Additional support came from the Illinois Agricultural
Experiment Station, University of Illinois and the Illinois Natural History Survey.
I thank Dr. P. A. Hyppio of the Bailey Horotorium, Cornell University for identi-
fying the specimens of Desmodium batocaulon A. Gray. Dr. J. G. Franclemont of
Cornell University and Drs. Lewis J. Stannard and Robert W. Poole of the Illinois
Natural History Survey were very helpful in the preparation of this paper.

REFERENCES

Beck, H. von. 1960. Die Larvalsystematik der Eulen (Noctuidae). Akad.-
Verlag, Berlin. 406 + vi pp.

Crumb, S. E. 1956. The larvae of the Phalaenidae. U.S. Dept. Agr. Tech. Bull.
f'S553D0" pp:

Dethier, V. G. 1941. The immature stages of Rivula propinqualis Gn. Amer.
Midl. Nat. 25:400—453.

Forbes, W. T. M. 1954. Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states.
Pt. 3. Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta. Mem. 329. 433 pp.

Godfrey, G. L. 1970. A review and reclassification of the larvae of the subfam-
ily Hadeninae (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). Ph.D. Thesis. Cornell Univ. 478 pp.

McDunnough, J. 1938. Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United
States of America. Part 1. Macrolepidoptera. South. Calif. Acad. Sci. Mem.
1;1-272.

Richards, A. G., Jr. 1932. Comparative skeletal morphology of the noctuid
tympanum. Ent. Amer. 13:1—43.

THE FUNCTION OF THE EYE STALKS IN DIOPSIDAE
( DIPTERA )

Henry Townes, American Entomological Institute,
5950 Warren Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105

ABSTRACT—The hypothesis is presented that the function of the stalked eyes
in flies of the family Diopsidae is to aid the flies in mimicry of wasps, the eye
stalks being used to simulate the long antennae of the wasps.

Diopsid flies are familiar to entomologists who have worked in the
tropics. The family is not a large one, but their strange head shape
always draws attention to them. Each side of the head is drawn out
laterally as a long stalk, with the compound eye at the end of the stalk.
The result is something like the stalked eyes of decapod crustaceans,
but more bizarre because the stalks are longer.

Adult diopsids occur where there is shade, damp or wet soil, and lush
vegetation. They crawl about on the leaves of broad leaved plants,

86 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

like Araceae and Zingiberaceae, and because of this they are con-
spicuous. The family is scarce in temperate areas and common in
the tropics. In museum collections the eye stalks immediately attract
attention and cause some wonder about their purpose. Eyes situated
far to each side would enhance the sense of perspective or depth
perception. While it is easy to imagine that diopsids should have
unusually good depth perception, it is not obvious why they need it,
or why other insects do not have similar developments.

While increased depth perception might well be a function of the
eye stalks, and while there might also be other functions, the only use
that the author has actually observed is that they help the flies to
mimic wasps. Diopsids achieve mimicry of wasps (smaller wasps)
by a combination of several factors:

1. They crawl about on broad leaves with the same pace and
manner as wasps.

2. They swing the head in a way that gives the eye stalks a motion
which, together with their shape, results in a reasonable re-
semblance to wasp antennae.

3. They sometimes flip their wings like wasps.

4. They have a shiny color that is characteristic of Hymenoptera
rather than of Diptera.

5. The combination of wing and body colors of many species tends
to give the illusion of a constricted wasp waist.

6. When held in the fingers, diopsids give a high-pitched buzz, like
a wasp.

7. There are sharp spines on the scutellum that can give a prick
simulating a wasp sting.

While the author can, of course, distinguish a diopsid crawling on
a leaf from a small wasp, this frequently requires a second look. A
significant part of the resemblance is due to the eye stalks.

Diptera frequently mimic Hymenoptera. The hymenopterous at-
tribute that seems to be most difficult for Diptera to mimic is the rela-
tively long antennae, as antennae are quite short in most Diptera. In
the dipterous mimics, waving appropriately colored front legs in the
manner of antennae is the usual ruse to simulate hymenopterous an-
tennae. This is a common practice among syrphids, rhagionids, and
micropezids. In the diopsids the eye stalks, moved by the proper head
jerks, achieve a fair simulation of wasp antennae.

There are a few diopsids, like Sphyracephala, with very short eye
stalks. Whether the short eye stalks of those particular species are
incipient or vestigial developments, and what may be the function of
the very short eye stalks, are questions that this article is not intended
to answer.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 87

THE CASE OF THE ELUSIVE AUTHOR

Curtis W. Sasrosky, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural
Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture!

ABSTRACT—A discussion of the authorship of the species Arocera elongata
(Hemiptera: Pentatomidae ) is given.

Authorship of scientific names of organisms is usually obvious, and
the pertinent rules simple. Occasionally, however, strange quirks beget
differences of opinion. The case of Arocera elongata in the stink bug
family Pentatomidae is such a curious nomenclatural and bibliographi-
cal problem.

Van Duzee (1937, Pan-Pac. Ent. 13:25-27), under “Arocera elongata
Uhler, MS,” described a striking red and black pentatomid from 4
specimens (1, Venezuela, Calif. Acad. Sci.; 1, Chapada, Brazil, and 2,
Bolivia, Camegie Mus.). Then he added this titillant (for a nomen-
claturist): “This is apparently the species figured in the July, 1929
number of the National Geographic Magazine, plate V fig. 1, where it
is given the name used above, evidently a MS name never published
by Dr. Uhler.” Van Duzee then questioned: “Does the publication of
this figure in the National Geographic Magazine establish the species,
and if so what is the type of the species and who is its author? Uhler
cannot be the authority for the name as he neither described nor
figured it. Mr. Franklin L. Fisher apparently selected the specimens
for illustration in this article and Mr. E. L. Wisherd photographed.
them. ... As we cannot give Dr. Uhler as authority for the species
should we credit it to Mr. Fisher and Mr. Wisherd, or to Mr. Grosvenor
as editor of the National Geographic Magazine, who appropriated the
funds for the preparation and illustration of the paper, or should the
present brief description be used as authority of the species.”

Before 1931, a figure alone was sufficient to make a name nomen-
claturally available (International Code of Zoological Nomenclature,
Arts. 12 and 16a.vii). Hence the specific name elongata dates from
1929, not from Van Duzee, 1937. Uhler is not the author, of course;
his was a manuscript name on a collection label. But who is the author?
This question “bugged” Van Duzee, and small wonder. The authorship
is curiously concealed.

To begin with, “Arocera elongata Uhler” is mentioned twice: On p.
[33] in the legend for color plate V, and on p. 40 in the text on
Pentatomidae, where the figure is listed. No description is given,
merely the sex (2, legend) and the provenance (Brazil, p. 40). On

1 Mail address: c/o U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560.

88 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

p. 90 we are also told that all specimens photographed in color were in
the collections of the U.S. National Museum. These pages are in a
section entitled “Insect Rivals of the Rainbow,” pp. 28-90, but oddly
no author is given beneath the section title on p. 28, nor in the table of
contents on the front cover of that July issue, nor in the complete
table of contents for the whole volume, nor in the volume’s Index under
that title. The last three places state after the title only that the article
contains color photographs by Edwin L. Wisherd and paintings by
Hashime Murayama. On p. 90 at the very end of the article is the
byline “Franklin L. Fisher,” after a general statement on the source of
the specimens, the care in relaxing, spreading, and arranging them,
and the Society’s staff personnel responsible for the color photographs
and the paintings.

The Index for the entire volume resolves the confusion. The entry,
“Insects: Exploring the Wonders of the Insect World,” credits William
Joseph Showalter with all 90 pages, even though in the July issue itself
only pp. 1-27 are under the “Exploring” title, whereas pp. 28-90 are
under the title and running head “Insect Rivals of the Rainbow.” Also,
both in the above Index entry and on the cover of the July issue,
Showalter’s article is said to have 59 illustrations, a figure only de-
rivable from the 24 figures on pp. 1-27 plus the 35 figures on pp. 28-90.
Furthermore, the Index credits Fisher only with pages 28 and 90 of the
section on “Insect Rivals of the Rainbow,” i.e., with the brief intro-
ductory remarks and the concluding general statement noted above.

My conclusion is therefore that the authorship of Arocera elongata
must be credited to Showalter, the author of the article in which the
name was published in connection with a figure.

As a final step, I examined the collection of Pentatomidae in the U.S.
National Museum along with Dr. R. C. Froeschner, Curator of Hemip-
tera, to whom I am indebted for calling my attention to Van Duzee’s
article. There are 5 specimens of A. elongata from Chapada, Brazil,
including one with Uhler’s handwritten label “Arocera elongata Uhler,
Brazil.” Another, a female with legs and antennae extended in photo-
genic position, bears a large handlettered label, apparently by H. G.
Barber, “This specimen was fig. Nat. Geo. Mag. July 1929 and becomes
the type Arocera elongata Showalter.” It bears the labels “Oct.,”
“Chapada,” and “Type No./52107/U.S.N.M.” The Museum’s Type
Book shows that it was entered there on July 8, 1937, also apparently
by H. G. Barber. I agree with Barber’s conclusions on authorship and
type, but to obviate any possible later argument that all of Uhler’s
Brazil material under his manuscript name elongata constitutes a series
of syntypes, I hereby formally designate the above figured specimen
as lectotype.

PROG. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 89

A REVIEW OF THE GENUS DAIDALOTARSONEMUS DELEON
(ACARINA: TARSONEMIDAE )

Rosert L. Smitey, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., 20250

ABSTRACT—Illustrations and a key for all known females of the genus
Daidalotarsonemus are presented. Hemitarsonemus deleoni and H. leonardi
Smiley are transferred to this genus.

The mites of the genus Daidalotarsonemus DeLeon have been
recorded from several hosts of agricultural importance, including
Litchi chinensis Sonn; Citrus sinensis (L.), Hibiscus sp., Vaccinium
sp., Malus sp. and some epiphytes. Because of their potential economic
importance I take the opportunity to illustrate and briefly redescribe
all the known females of the genus.

Daidalotarsonemus now includes seven described species. Until
recently it was suspected that these mites occurred only in subtropical
regions until Suski (1967) described D. vandevriei from Poland and
Ito (1963) reported D. tessellatus from Japan. Smiley (1967) de-
scribed Hemitarsonemus deleoni and H. leonardi based on the males.
Since that time I have had the opportunity to study a male paratype
of D. vandevriei Suski and a male of a species of Daidalotarsonemus
that Attiah illustrated but did not describe. Examination of these males
clearly demonstrates that H. deleoni and H. leonardi are congeneric
with D. vandvriei and the species illustrated by Attiah. Therefore, I
take this opportunity to place H. deleoni and H. leonardi in Daidalotar-
sonemus. Rather than give a detailed redescription of all known spe-
cies, I present notes of differences and similarities of each species,
except for D. fossae. DeLeon (1956) did not illustrate the dorsum for
D. fossae, and I have taken the opportunity to illustrate and redescribe
this species.

The author has had the opportunity to study the types of all known
species through the courtesy of Dr. Herbert W. Levi, Museum of Com-
parative Zoology, Harvard University, Dr. Martin H. Muma, Citrus
Experiment Station, Lake Alfred, Florida and Dr. Z. W. Suski, Institute
of Pomology, Skierniewice, Poland.

Key TO KNown FEMALES OF Daidalotarsonemus

1. Anteromedial dorsal hysterosoma plate patterns not contiguous longitudinally 2
Anteromedial dorsal hysterosoma plate patterns contiguous longitudinally
PA SUR Ocoee (eee See eres. Eee jamesbakeri Smiley
Sa. (sacral) setae short, ee lanceolate 2 Saeed oy 3s)
Sazssetacelongs broadly: lanceolate: _.\ > ee 4

3. Second pair of L (lumbal) setae shorter and smaller than Sa. setae, or Vv

to

90 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

hy |,
IP
M

( -}} |
ae

t

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, No. 1, MARCH, 1972 91

(vertical) setae not as long as distance between their base fossae DeLeon
Second pair of L (lumbal) setae subequal to Saz setae of V setae longer

than the distance between their base —.......---..-_-_»-_ vandevriei Suski
AmeBothepainseol: He ahiumeral))) setae: smooth, <=. 29. -es ee ee ee 5
BothapamssonlHusetaewbarpulate = she tessellatus DeLeon
eM (Scapulars) Setae SMIOOE EN tl sa Sy 6
SEsetacsbanbulatew meee wr le teee os eee venustus Attiah

6. Anteromedial dorsal hysterosoma with 3 transverse rows of distinct platelets
seca Ae eh EN ES a oD, oe os AE 2 somalatus Attiah

Anteromedial dorsal hysterosoma with an irregular row of longitudinal plate-
JENS Ps TA oe ES seitus Attiah

Daidalotarsonemus tessellatus DeLeon
(Clankes, AL)

Daidalotarsonemus tessellatus DeLeon, 1956:163.

The female of this species is very close to D. venustus Attiah in dorsal
appearance. The humeral setae of this species are barbulate, whereas
in venustus they are smooth. D. tessellatus is larger than the latter.
The vertical pair of setae of tessellatus is shorter than the distance
between their bases and are slender. This species is known from the
female holotype, allotype, and two males and five female paratypes
collected by D. DeLeon in 1955 from Litchi chinensis Sonn., at the
U.S. Plant Introduction Garden, South Miami, Florida.

Daidalotarsonemus fossae DeLeon
(Figs. 2-3)

Daidalotarsonemus fossae DeLeon, 1956:165.

This species resembles D. vandevriei Suski, but the shape and size
of the opisthosomal setae of the female will separate the two species.

Female.—Body oval, broadest in the region of hysterosoma. Dorsum of propodo-
soma with two pairs of setae; vertical pair barbulate, not as long as distance
between their bases; second pair, or scapular setae, broken on holotype. According
to DeLeon this pair of setae is smooth; a notch on lateral margin of capitulum;
platelets of propodosoma irregular in shape and size. Dorsum of hysterosoma with
platelets of irregular shape and size; with two pairs of subequal, short, obovate,
barbulate humeral setae; with two pairs of barbulate lumbal setae, anterior pair
longer and stronger than posterior pair; a single pair of barbulate sacral setae
subequal in length to anterior pair of lumbal setae. Venter of propodosoma and
hysterosoma as figured. Apodeme I short, converging with anterior median

&

Fig. 1. Daidalotarsonemus tessellatus DeLeon, female dorsum. Figs. 2-3. D.
fossae DeLeon, female: 2, dorsum; 3, venter. Fig. 4. D. jamesbakeri Smiley,
female dorsum.

92 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 93

apodeme; apodemal plate I with simple setae; apodeme II longer and converging
with anterior median apodeme; apodemal plate II with a simple seta twice the
length of seta on apodemal plate I; anterior median apodeme lightly visible below
apodeme II; transverse apodeme with a series of U-shaped bends; posterior median
apodeme Y-shaped proximally, not converging with apodemes III and IV; setae
in region of apodemes III and IV subequal in length. Genitalia as figured. Legs
short, moderately robust; legs III longest. Body 204 u long, 85 « wide.
Male.—Not known.

The female holotype and six female paratypes were collected from
Litchi chinensis Sonn., U.S. Plant Introduction Garden, four miles south
of South Miami, Florida, 26 June 1956 by D. DeLeon.

Daidalotarsonemus jamesbakeri Smiley
(Fig. 4)

Daidalotarsonemus jamesbakeri Smiley, 1969:227.

The female of this species differs from others in the genus by
possessing contiguous dorsomedian longitudinal plates on the hystero-
soma. This species is known from the female holotype and five female
paratypes collected 8 March 1967 at Ivanhoe, North Carolina, on blue-
berry buds. It is also known from one female paratype reared in a
laboratory culture at the Department of Entomology, North Carolina
State University. All specimens were reared by James R. Baker.

Daidalotarsonemus vandevriei Suski

(Fig. 5)

Daidalotarsonemus vandevriei Suski, 1967 :227.

This species is close to D. fossae DeLeon but the shape of the hu-
meral setae will separate the two species. The female holotype was
found on a twig collected from “closed” apple tree in Dworek, Poland,
11 May 1966 by M. van de Vrie. Suski (1967) gives a detailed account
of additional types and host localities.

Daidalotarsonemus somalatus Attiah
(Fig. 6)
Daidalotarsonemus somalatus Attiah, 1970:193.
This species is distinctive from other known species in the genus by

the large oval-shaped shield in the caudal region of the hysterosoma.
This shield possesses a pair of subequal dorsomedian longitudinal plate-

<

Fig. 5. Daidalotarsonemus vandevriei Suski, female dorsum. Fig. 6. D.
somalatus Attiah, female dorsum. Fig. 7. D. seitus Attiah, female dorsum. Fig.
8. D. venustus Attiah, female dorsum.

94 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

lets anteriorly. The species is known only from the holotype female
and three female paratypes collected from citrus at Vero Beach, Florida,
on 4 October 1959.

Daidalotarsonemus seitus Attiah
(ica)
Daidalotarsonemus seitus Attiah, 1970:191.

The serrate setae in the caudal region of the hysterosoma will sepa-
rate this species from all known species in the genus. D. seitus is
known only from the female holotype and three female paratypes
collected from citrus leaves by M. H. Muma, 26 September 1962 at
Fort Pierce, Florida.

Daidalotarsonemus venustus Attiah

(Fig. 8)
Daidalotarsonemus venustus Attiah, 1970:191.

This species is close to tessellatus in appearance but can be separated
by the humeral setae. The setae of this species are smooth, whereas
the humeral setae of tessellatus are barbulate. This species is known
only from the female holotype and two female paratypes collected
from citrus by M. H. Muma, 4 February 1959 at Melbourne, Florida.

REFERENCES

Attiah, H. H. 1970. New tarsonemid mites associated with citrus in Florida.
Fla. Ent. 53(4):179-201.

DeLeon, D. 1956. Some mites from Lychee. Description of two new genera
and five new species of Tarsonemidae. Fla. Ent. 39(4):163-174.

Ito, Y. 1963. Six newly recorded species of tarsonemid mites in Japan. Japanese
J. Appl. Ent. Zool. 7(1):14-19.

Smiley, R. L. 1967. Further studies on the Tarsonemidae (Acarina). Proc.
Ent. Soc. Wash. 69(2):127—146.

1969. Further studies on the Tarsonemidae, II (Acarina). Proc.

Ent. Soc. Wash. 71(2):218-229.

Suski, Z. W. 1967. Tarsonemid mites on apple trees in Poland. VIII. Daidalo-
tarsonemus vandevriei n. sp. (Acarina: Tarsonemidae). Bull. Acad. Polon. Sci.;
Ser. Sci. Biol. 15(4):227-233.

PROG. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 95

HOST PLANTS OF APHIDS COLLECTED AT THE LOS ANGELES STATE
AND COUNTY ARBORETUM DURING 1966 AND 1967

(HomoprTerA: APHIDIDAE)

Mortmer D. Leonarp, Collaborator, Entomology Research Division, Agricultural
Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture+

and

Harry G. WALKER, Entomologist, and Lronip Enart, Plant Taxonomist,

Los Angeles State and County Arboretum, 301 North Baldwin Ave.,
Arcadia, California, 91006

ABSTRACT—During 1966 and 1967 about 2400 collections of aphids were
made from 1332 plants in the Los Angeles State and County Arboretum at
Arcadia, California. The plant groupings, which include about 4000 exotic
species and varieties besides many native plants, are indicated. 95 aphids have
been identified to species, 3 of which are new and 7 others are given only to
genus. The aphids are listed alphabetically by genus and species with the day,
month and year of each collection plus an indication of the general abundance
(abundant, moderate or scarce on at least some part of the plant) or of the
abundance of the different stages in the collection.

The Los Angeles State and County Arboretum is about a 126 acre
tract of land located on a part of the Lucky Baldwin estate adjacent
to the Santa Anita Race Track in Arcadia, Los Angeles County, Cali-
fornia. It is estimated that in addition to many native California
plants, there are about 4,000 species and varieties of plants growing
on these grounds that have been introduced from many floral areas of
the world. An effort has been made to group these plantings in
several sections such as the Australian, South African, South American,
and Mediterranean Plant Sections. Other groupings include Tropical
Garden, the Pinetum, Flowering Trees, Avocado, Citrus, Ficus spp.,
Economic Fruit Trees, Jungle, and Bamboo and Palm Sections.

A preliminary survey of this large number of different species of
plants indicated that aphids were one of the most abundant and one
of the most injurious groups of insects present. It was further noted
that some species of plants were heavily infested, while others were
free, or relatively free, of aphid attack. As a result of these observations
and the presence of such a wide variety of potential host plants in a
relatively small area, it was decided to undertake a project to deter-
mine what species of aphids were present and to secure data on their
seasonal host range and relative abundance with a view to securing
information on what species of plants were free or relatively free from
aphid attack.

‘Mail address: 2480 16th Street, NW, Washington, D. C. 20009.

96 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

In setting up the project, it was agreed that Dr. Leonard would be
responsible for the identification of the aphids, that Dr. Enari would
be responsible for the identification of the host plants, and that Dr.
Walker would be responsible for the survey and collection of aphids.

In addition, among others, the authors are indebted to the following
for determination of aphids: Dr. A. N. Tissot, University of Florida,
Gainesville (ANT); Dr. Clyde F. Smith, North Carolina State Uni-
versity, Raleigh (CFS); Dr. F. W. Quednau, Research Laboratory,
Dept. Forestry, Quebec, Canada (FWQ); Dr. Louise M. Russell, U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. (LMR); and Dr. M. E.
MacGillivray, Research Lab., Dept. Agr., Fredericton, N.B., Canada
(MacG). To these we give our sincere thanks.

The well known green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, was by far the
most widespread and often very abundant aphid. This is not so
surprising but it is remarkable that this aphid occurred on about 560
or 42% of the 1332 plants on which aphids were found. This is by far
the largest list of food plants of M. persicae ever compiled. About 293
plant genera in 97 plant families were involved.

Aphis gossypii, the cotton or melon aphid, was the next in abundance
occurring on 204 plants and distributed in 84 genera and 35 plant
families. Following A. gossypii were 3 more polyphagous and wide-
spread aphids. These were Myzus ornatus, the ornate aphid, on 110
plants in 85 genera and 37 families, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, the
potato aphid, on 107 plants in 63 genera and 34 families, and
Acyrthosiphon solani, the foxglove aphid, on 64 plants in 50 genera
and 24 families. In addition the black citrus aphid, Toxoptera auranti,
was taken on 47 plants in 25 genera and 19 plant families.

Other well-known aphids were Aphis spiraecola, the spiraea aphid,
but identified from only 40 plants in 10 genera and Aphis pomi, the
apple aphid, on 30 plants in 6 genera. Other aphids were found on a
lesser number of plants.

There were about 300 plants distributed in about 157 genera the
aphids from which have only been assigned to the genus Aphis. Fur-
ther study may show that many of these are A. gossypii or A. spiraecola.

The pine family (Pinaceae) furnished many collections of aphids
in a number of plant genera. Cinara spp. were often abundant on
several genera including Pinus. Widdringtonia spp. yielded a number
of collections of Masonaphis spp. and Callitris spp. produced collec-
tions of these aphids as well as of Cinara. In 1967 Masonaphis was
collected 3 times on the Redwood, Sequoia sempervirens (many on
one) and 5 times on the Big Tree, Sequoiadendron gigantea (many on
one). Aphids have been previously almost unknown on these Giants
of the Forest.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, No. 1, MARCH, 1972 97

Eucalyptus is a large genus of about 650 species, subspecies and
varieties of plants native to Australia. About 250 of these grow in the
Arboretum and although aphids are almost unknown on Eucalyptus
in Australia they were collected from about 214 or 85% of those grow-
ing at the Arboretum. Aphis gossypii has been identified from 54,
Myzus persicae from 37, and Macrosiphum euphorbiae and Aphis
spiraecola each from 11. A number of starvation forms of the apterae
of Macrosiphum californicum constituted one collection.

It may be of interest to note that aphids have been collected at the
Arboretum in every month from March 1966 into October 1971. These
collections total a little more than 10,000. If all these specimens could
be specifically identified we wonder how many aphids would be
recorded as occurring in the Arboretum.

In 1966 and 1967 about 2,400 collections were made from 1,332
plants. In order to insure that aphids were actually breeding on
a given host, no collections were made unless wingless forms were
present; however, this could not eliminate the possibility of winged
forms being accidentally present from a second species of aphid. To
date, 95 species of aphids have been identified from these, three of
which are new species, and seven others only to the genus.

The aphids so far identified from the 1966 and 1967 collections are
presented as follows in alphabetical order according to the genus
with an indication of the day, month and year plus an indication of
the general abundance (abundant, moderate or scarce on at least some
part of the host) or of the abundance of the different stages in the
collection (al = alate, ap = apterous and ny = nymphs ).

List oF APHIDS

Acyrthosiphon pelargonii (Kaltenbach), Geranium Aphid

Geranium robertianum Linn. P. hortorum L. H. Bailey
Saveou, Leal’? vap 6.V1.67 abundant

Pelargonium “Apple Cider’ P. ‘Joy Lucille’
17.1V.67 abundant 12.VII.67 35 ap

P. ‘Attar of Roses’ P. ‘Mood Indigo’
12.VII.67 15 ap 29.X11.67 abundant

P. ‘Aztec’ P. ‘Nutmeg’
29.XI1.67 abundant 15.V.67 1 al 4 ap

P. denticulatum Jacq. P. odoratissimum Ait.
16.VI.67 1 al 30 ap ny 6.VI1.67 30 ap ny

P. graveolens L’Herit P. ‘Zulu Warrior
24,111.67 abundant 15.V.67 40 al ap

23.V.67 2 ap 4 ny
12.VII.67 20 ap

98 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), Pea Aphid

Clematis paniculata Thunb. I. splendens F. & H.
4.V.67 2 ap 1 pupa 3.X1.67 1 al 50 ap ny

Colutea arborescens Linn. Lathyrus odoratus Linn.
31.X.67 8 ap ny 1.V.67 2 al 40 ap ny

C. melanocalyx B. & H. 31.X.67 1 ap 3 ny
30.X.67 15 ap ny Mundulea suberosa Benth.

C. persica Boiss. 5.1V.67 2 ap 4 pupae?
2.VI1.67 2 ap Robinia sp.

Daubentonia tripetii Poit. 4.V.67 abundant
5.V1L.67 moderate (F.W.Q.) R. hispida Linn.

Indigofera australis Willd. I.VI.67 8 ny?
30.VII.66 abundant Sutherlandia frutescens R.Br.
14.1V.67 scarce 3.X1.67 1 al 4 ap ny

I. gerardiana R. Grah.
5.V1.67 scarce (F.W.Q.)

Acyrthosiphon solani (Kaltenbach)
See Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach )

Amphorophora sp.

Arbutus unedo Linn. Hakea leucoptera R.Br.
11.IV.66 (L.M.R.) 20.1.67 1 ap

Amphorophora agathonica Hottes

Rubus palmatus Thunb.
1.1X.66 2 ap (F.W.Q.)

Amphorophora rubitoxica (Knowlton )

Rubus palmatus Thunb.
12 & 14.1V, 1.1X and 21.X.66 1 ap
2 ny (MacG. )

Aphis spp.

Aloe sp. A. striata Haw.
28.1II, 28.X and II.X1.66 30.VII several ap and 8.XII.66
13.11 and 17.X.67 abundant 13.1] and 28.V1.67 15 al ap

A. africana Mill. Anacampseros telephiastrum DC.
16.VI1.66 28.111.66 30-40 al very few ny

A. brevifolia Mill. Bischofia trifoliata Hook.
15.V1.66 15.11.67 scarce

A. castanea Schonland Brassaia actinophylla F. Muell.
16.V1.66 13.VII.66

A. falcata Baker Calliandra eriophylla Benth.
16.V1.66 12.V.67 3 ap

A. rivae Baker C. inaequilatera Rusby

8.XI1.66 + 40 ap 5.1V.66 moderate

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, No. 1, MARCH, 1972 99

Calotropis gigantea Ait.
7.1X a few al ap, 23.X
40-50 al and ap and 21.XII.66
12 ap al 15.VIII.67 2 al
10 ap ny

Calycanthus fertilis Walt.
7.VII.66

Carissa macrocarpa A.DC.
30.V1.66

Cassia acutifolia Delile
5.1V.67 2 al 3 ny

C. bicapsularis Linn.
21.11.67 moderate

C. didymobotrya Fresen.
15.11.67 scarce

C. leptophylla Vog.
3.V1.67 moderate

C. splendida Vog.
11.X1.66 many al and ap
30.X.67 1 ap 6 ny

Casuarina sp.

28.1.67 scarce

C. equisetifolia Linn.
95.1.67

Celtis caucasica Willd.
15.VIII.67 1 al 12 ap

C. tournefortii Lam.
8.VII.66

C. willdenowiana R. & S.
16.VIII.67 many ap.

C. yunnanensis C. K. Schneider
14.IV.66

Centaurea argentea Frivald.
25.1V.67 moderate

Cercidiphyllum japonicum S. & Z.
13:V.67 3.ap

Cercis siliquastrum Linn.
5.1V.67 22 al ny

Cestrum sp.

21.11.67 moderate

C. parqui L Herit.

21.11.67 abundant

Chamaelaucium uncinatum Schau.
20.X.67 + 50 ap ny

C. uncinatum ‘Rubrum’
26.1.67 abundant

Chrysanthemum maximum ‘Polaris’

30.XI11.67 scarce

Cistus albidus Linn.
18.111.67 scarce
C. ladaniferus Linn.
20.1V.67 10 al 10 ap
C. laurifolius Linn.
21.VI.67 3 ap
C. villosus Linn.
4.11.67 scarce
Citrus limon ‘Eureka’
23.11.67 abundant
@. Kara’
23.11.67 abundant
C. “Temple Orange’
1.V1.67 40 ap ny
C. “Minneola’
7.11.67 moderate
C. “Shamouti’
23.11.67 abundant
C. sinensis ‘Valencia’
19.VII.66 and 16.VI.67 abundant
Clethra arborea Ait.
10. VIII.67 4 ap 10 ny
Coleonema album E. Mey
10.X1.66, 27.1 & 17.IV.67 moderate
Colletia cruciata G. & H.
20.V1.67 10 ap
Colutea melanocalyx B. & H.
30.X.67 2 al + 45 ap ny
C. persica Boiss.
2.VI.67 3 ap
Cordia abyssinica R.Br.
27.V1.66
Cornus amomum Mill.
12.1V.66 and 5.1V.67 scarce
C. candidissima Mill.
5.1V.67 moderate
C. chinensis Wagerin
3.V.67 7 ap
C. stolonifera Michx.
14 & 15.11.67 scarce
Coronilla glauca Linn.
9.11.67 moderate
C. montana Scop.
10.111 and 23.V.67 abundant
Cotoneaster sp. ( P1#210540 )
6.V.67 9 ap.
C. buxifolia Wall
20.1V.67 abundant
3.V and 19.V1.67 scarce

100 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

C. buxifolia vellaea Franch.
16.VIII.67 + 60 ap ny
C. glaucophylla Franch.
12.1V.66 & 31.1.67 scarce
C. harroviana Wils.
23.XI, 7 and 19.XI1.66
4.11, 21.VI & 14.VIII.67 abundant
C. microphylla Wall.
11.1.67 abundant
C. microphylla cochleata R. & W.
5.V.67 7 ap
C. nitens R. & W.
5.V.67 2 al 6 ap
C. pannosa Franch.
14.III & 13.V1.67 moderate
C. racemiflora C. Koch
13.1V & 7.XI11.66 abundant
C. rhytidophylla R. & W.
13.1V.66
C. serotinus Hutchinson
13.1V.66 & 1. II.67 scarce
C. wardii W. W. Smith
16.VI & 23.X.66 scarce
Cussonia paniculata E. & Z.
10.X1.66, 31.1, 8.VII, & 6.X.67 abun-
dant
C. spicata Thunb.
8.VII & 6.X.67 scarce
Cynodon dactylon Pers.
27.X11.66 abundant
Cyphomandra betacea Senot.
27.VIII.66 & 21.11.67 scarce
Daubentonia sp.
7.1.67 abundant
D. tripetii Poit.
7.1 & 21.11.67 moderate
Deutzia hybrida ‘Mont Rose’
8. VII.66
Dodonaea boroniaefolia G. Don.
2.IV.67 + 40 al ap
D. cuneata Rudge
28.1.67 scarce
D. inaequifolia Turcz
17.1V.67 1 al 2. ap
D. truncatiales F. Muell.
31.101.67 + 30 ap ny
Dombeya sp.
27.V1.67 5 ap 7 ny

D. natalensis Sond.
15.11.67 scarce
Dovyalis caffra H. & S.
15.11.67 scarce
Dyckia rariflora Schult.
25.IV many ap & 20.VI1.67 2 al 6 ny
Echeveria crenulata Rose
20 & 31.X.66, and 17.III, 16.VI &
5.X.67 abundant
Ehretia hottentotica Burch.
SO VARGGR 2iel WiIVe om 2oeNe Ord
moderate
Eremophila maculata F. Muell.
2.1V.67 + 75 al ap ny
Eriobotrya deflexa koshunensis Kk. & S.
15.11.67 abundant
E. japonica Lindl.
25.XI11.66 and 15.11.67 moderate
Eriocephalus africanus Linn.
22.1V.67 11 ap
Eriogonum arborescens Greene
26.V1.67 20 ap ny
Erlangea rogersii S. Moore
11.1V.66 & 5.1V.67 1 al 13 ap ny
Erythrina coralloides M. & S.
23,111.66 abundant
E. falcata Benth.
18.1.67 moderate
E. lysistemon ‘Raja’
19.VI.67 abundant
E. ovalifolia Roxb.
24.11.67 + 60 ap ny
E. vespertilis Benth.
25.111.67 scarce
Eucalyptus sp.
11.VII.67 5 ap
E. baeuerlenii F. Muell.
7.VII.67 + 40 ap
E. brachycalyx Blakely
6.VII.66 & 26.1.67 scarce
E. caesia Benth.
30.11] & 29.V1.67 abundant
E. cloeziana F. Muell.
30.11.67 3 al 1 ap
E. coccifera Hook.
4.11.67 moderate
E. coccifera Favieri
19.VII.67 scarce

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, No. 1, MARCH, 1972 101

E. cosmophylla F. Muell.
25.1.67 moderate

E. dives Schau.
2,.X1.67 7 ap—ny 1 pupa

E. ebbanoensis Maiden
6.VII.67 7 ap

E. ficifolia F. Muell.
17.X.67 5 ny

E. foecunda Schau.
25.1.67 moderate

E. grossa F. Muell.
23.1.67 moderate

E. jugalis Naud.
25.1 and 7.VII.67 moderate

E. morrisii R. T. Baker
12 & 20.VII.67 10 ap

E. nova-anglica D. & M.
5.VII.67 scarce

E. nutans F. Muell.
6.1.67

E. occidentalis Endl.
12.1V.67 2 ap 3 ny

E. orpeti Hort.
25,111.67 6 ap

E. pimpiniana Maiden
25.1.67 abundant

E. salicifolia coccifera * pauciflora
30.1.67 scarce

E. shiressii M. & B.
20.VII.67 4 ap

E. smithii R. T. Baker
7.VIL.67 10 ap

E, stellulata Sieber
20.VII.67 many ap

E. stoatei C. A. Gardner
21.1.67 moderate

E. “Torqwood’
93.1 & 30.V1.67 scarce

Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.
1.11.67 abundant

Eupatorium sp.
7.1 & 21.11.67 scarce

Euryops peéctinatus Cass.
17.111.67 abundant

Fatshedera lizei Guillaumin
4111.67 abundant

Fatsia japonica D. & P.
23,111.66, 24.VI & 31.X.67 abundant

Ficus sp.
30.X1I.66 1 al 3 ny
F. iteophylla Miq.
22.1I & 3.VI1.67 scarce
F. lacor Buch.-Ham.
3.VL.67 3 ny
F. nitida Blume
23,111.66 scarce
Forsythia europaea D. & B.
18.111.67 3 al 7 ap ny
F.. suspensa Vahl
20.1X.67 4 ap 17 ny
Fuchsia ‘California’
30.VIII & 7.1X.67 + 35 al 45 ap ny
F. ‘Display’
7.1X.67 20 ap 3 ny
F. “Mephisto”
30.VIII.67 30 ap ny
F. ‘Minnesota’
28.1X.66 30 ap and
abundant
R. ‘Red Spider’
30.VIII.67 2 al 50 ap ny
Gamolepis chrysanthemoides DC.
18.1 & 22.1V.67 abundant
Gardenia cornuta Hemsl.
16.X.67 3 al 1 ap 2 ny
G. jasminoides Ellis
17.111.67 abundant
5.V & 30.V1.67 scarce
G. jasminoides “Veitchii’
20.X.66 + 85 al ap
16.X.67 16 al 1 ap 15 ny
G. spatulifolia S. & H.
15.III, 16.VI & 11.X.67 scarce
G. thunbergia Linn.
10.1, 20.IV, 4.V & 20.V1.67 abundant
Greigia sylvicola Standley
20.X.67 + 50 ap ny
Grevillea “Poorinda Leanne’
11.IV.67 1 al 3 ap 5 ny
G. “Red Glow’
11.1V.67 2 ap 8 ny
Gymnosporia royleana M. Laws
1.11.67 moderate
Halleria lucida Linn.
13.11 & 17.X.67 moderate
Hamelia erecta Jacq.
31.X.67 abundant

30.VI1.67

102 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

Harpephyllum caffrum B. & K.
97.1.67 moderate
Harpullia arborea Radik
6.VIII & 28.1X.66 moderate
Hauya matudai Lundell
7.11.67 moderate
Heteromeles arbutifolia M. Roem
16.V1.66
Hibiscus sp.
8.VIII.66 abundant
Hypericum canadense Linn.
10.1V.66 scarce
H. hircinum Linn.
10.111.67 moderate
H. hookerianum W. & A.
9.V.67 2. ap
H. revolutum Vahl.
10.111.67 moderate
Ilex rotunda Thunb.
6.VII.66
Impatiens holstii E. & W.
27.X.67 1 al + 70 ap ny
Kalanchoe pinnata Pers.
11.1.67 abundant
Kleinia repens Haw.
25.1V.67 moderate
Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm.
3.1V.67 moderate
Kolkwitzia amabilis Graebn.
5.V.67 moderate
Lagerstroemia speciosa Pers.
30. VIII.67 abundant
Lantana camara Linn.
27.VI1.66
L. kisi A. Rich
20.V1.67 40 ap ny
Laurus canariensis W. & B.
3.1V.67 moderate
Lawatera olbia Linn.
18.III.67 4 al 3 ap

Leptospermum scoparium “‘Grandiflo-

rum’

12.1V.67 2 ap 6 ny
Leucadendron sabulosum Salter

16.VIII.67 abundant
Leucothoe axillaris D. Don

7.11.67 moderate
Lippia urticoides Steud.

7.1 & 21.11.67 moderate

Maesa lanceolata Forsk.
20.X.66 moderate

Magnolia grandiflora Linn.
13.VI1.67 abundant

M. liliflora Desr.
27.111.67 scarce

Malus “Transcendent?
14.1V.66

Mandevilla ‘Alice Du Pont?
18.1I1.67 scarce

Mapouria alba Muell.
1.111.67 abundant

Marianthus lineatus F. Muell.

9.XI & 28.XII.66, 23.1 and 23.X.67

abundant 30.VI.67 scarce

Markhamia nutans

29.X.66 and 16.11.67 moderate
Melaleuca armillaris Sm.

97 11.67 6 ny
M. elliptica Labill.

13.1V.67 5 ap
M. hamulosa Turcz.

17.1V.67 4 al
M. lateriflora Benth.

26.11] & 14.1V.67 scarce

M. quinquenervia ( Cav.) S. T. Blake

26.1 & 13.1V.67 scarce

M. platycalyx Diels
14.1V.67 1 al 3 ap

Meryta sinclairii Seem.
1.11.67 abundant

Metrosideros lucida A. Rich
26.11.67 abundant

Michelia figo Spreng.
7.VII.66

Microcitrus australis Swingle
9.III.67 scarce

Montanoa bipinnatifida C. Koch
29.X.66 50 ap
21.11.67 abundant

Murraya paniculata ( Linn.) Jack.
19.VII & 13.VIII.66 scarce
5. VII.67 4 ap

Myrsine africana Linn.
3 & 22.1V.67 abundant

Nothopanax arboreum Seem.
I.VII.66

Nymphaea capensis Thunb.
14.IV.66 & 28.1.67 moderate

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 103

Olearia gunniana Hook.
28.XI11.66 & 25.1 & 26.1V.67 moderate

Olmediella betschelerii Loesen
16.11.67 moderate

Ophiopogon jaburan Lodd.
13.V.66

Osmanthus fortunei Carr
13.VI1.67 scarce

Osteomeles schwerinae C. K. Schneider
1.11.67 moderate
1.V.67 1 al 50 ap ny

Oxalis crassipes Urb.
SVG all? ap

Paulownia tomentosa Steud.
6.1V.67 1 al 2 ap

Phalaris arundinacea Linn.
6.V.67 scarce

Philadelphus subcanus Koehne
23.X.66 15 al ny

Phillyrea media Linn.
18.111.67 abundant

Photinia glabra Decne.
7.VII.66 abundant

Pithecolobium langsdorfii Benth.
5.V1.67 5 ny

Pittosporum crassifolium Soland.
14.1V.67 4 al 3 ny

P. daphniphylloides Hayata
21.X.66 & 1.11.67 abundant

P. floribundum W. & A.
4,111.67 abundant

P. glabratum Lindl.
8.V1.66 10 ap

P. heterophyllum Franch.
23.X + 60 al ap & 11.XI.66 30 al ap

P. napaulensis R. & W.
97 11] + 25 ap ny & 13.VI1.67 40 ap

mostly ny

P. odoratum Merrill
27.1.67 abundant

P. rhombifolium A. Cunn.
27.1X.66 & 8.V.67 6 ap

P. tobira Ait.
13.1V & 28.XI1.66 abundant
13.V1.67 4 al 5 ap

P. undulatum Vent.
14 & 30.111.67 abundant

P. viridiflorum Sims.
13.11 & 16.X.67 scarce
3.1V.67 moderate
Plumbago capensis Thunb.
15.VI1.67 1 al 1 ap 4 ny
Potentilla verna Linn.
27.X.67 1 al 1 ny
Prostanthera nivea A. Cunn.
25.1 moderate 14.1V 1 al 10 ap ny
7.VII.67 3 al 7 ap
Protea sp.
14.1V.67 1 al 40 ap ny
Prunus caroliniana Ait
24.11.67 scarce
P. cerasifera “Hollywood
3.VI1.67 8 ap ny
P. lyonii Sudworth
3.1X.66
Pseudopanax ferox T. Kirk
20.X11.66
P. lessonnii C. Koch
19.X11.66 abundant
Psoralea pinnata Linn.
3.1V.67 scarce
Puya floccosa E. Moor.
25.1V.67 4 ap
P. spathacea Mez.
20.V1.67 abundant
Pyracomeles vilmorinii Rehder
18.X.67 5 ap
Pyrus communis Linn.
24.111.67 abundant
P. ‘Winter Nelis’
1.VI.67 4 al 6 ap
Radermachia sinica Hemsl.
4. II moderate & 12.V.67 4 ap
Randia rudis E. Mey.
6.IV 2.al 5 ap & 16.X.67 3 ny
R. spinosa Karst.
28.XII1.67 1 al 4 ny
Raphiolepis indica Lindl.
1.11 scarce & 10.X.67 + 45 al ap ny
R. indica ‘Rosea’
31.1 moderate & 3.V.67 3 ap
Rhamnus crocea Nutt.
7.111 scarce & 20.V1.67 8 ap
Rhus sp.
28.1.67 scarce

104

R. lancea Linn.
30.1 & 15.II scarce, 5.IV abundant
25.VII1.67 12 ap ny
R. viminalis Ait.
27.1 moderate, 13.II abundant
22.V1.67 scarce
Ribes aureum Pursh
27.11] + 25 ap & 26.VI1.67 abundant
Ruellia brittoniana Leonard
29.XII.67 3 ny
Schefflera venulosa Harms.
25.111, 30.VI and 13.1X.66 moderate
Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi
31.1.67 scarce
Schotia brachypetala Sond.
3.1V.67 scarce
Scolopia crenata Clos.
11.VIII abundant 20.XII.66 & 2.11.67
scarce
S. ecklonii engleri Gilg.
3.V11.67 5 al Sap
Securinega fluggeoides Muell.
31.X.67 10 ap ny
Senecio megaglossus F. Muell.
5.1V.67 scarce
Stranvaesia davidiana Decne.
20.X.66 + 60 al ap ny
Syncarpia glomulifera Niedenzy
25.1 & 6.VII.67 scarce
S. hillii Bailey
13.IV.67 1 al 5 ap ny
Tabernaemontana elegans Stapf.
23.V1.67 4 al many ap ny
Tecoma sambucifolia H. B. & K.
16.11.67 moderate
T. shirensis Baker
3.1V abundant & 22.VI.67 16 ap

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

Tetrapanax papyriferum C. Koch
8.11.67 abundant

Triplaris brasiliana Cham.
5.VI1.67 6 ap 6 ny

Ulmus americana Linn.
13.VI1.67 3 al 2 ap

Umbellularia californica Nutt.
24.1V.67 abundant

Vernonia guineensis Benth.
6.X1.67 6 al 1 ny

Viburnum glomeratum Maxim
13.1V.66

V. japonicum Spreng.
7.VII.66

V. lobophyllum Graebn.
6.V1.66

V. rigidum Vent.
6.VII.66

V. sieboldi Miq.
7.VII.66 scarce

V. suspensum Lindl.
26.111 & 18.VI1.66

V. tinus Linn.
13.1V.66

V. tinus “Purpureum’
1.1X.66 scarce

Viminaria juncea Hoffmgg.
2.1V.67+ 40 al ap

Xylosma congestum (Lour.) Merrill

9 & 17.11.67 scarce
X. venosum N. E. Brown
21.11.67 moderate
Zizyphus jujuba Lam.
16.V.67 1 al 3 ap
Z. spina-christii Georgi
15.1V.66 & 27.11.67
1 al + 30 ap ny

Aphis ceanothi Clarke

Ceanothus thyrsiflorus Eschw.
11.1, 15.11 & 20.1V.67 about 15 ap
20.V1.67 abundant

25.X.67 5 al 100 ap ny & 21.XII.67

4 al 25 ap ny

Aphis cercocarpi Gillette & Palmer

Cercocarpus betuloides Nutt.
27.V1.67 30 al many small ny

C. ledifolius Nutt.
27.111.67 30 al ap

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, No. 1, MARCH, 1972 105

Aphis coreopsidis Thomas

Baccharis pilularis DC.
27.X.67 12 ap ny

Nyssa sinensis Oliver
3.V.67 50 ap ny

Aphis cracecivora Koch, Cowpea Aphid

Acacia jonesti M. & M.
8.VI1.66

Bauhinia purpurea Linn.
24.11.67 50 ap ny

B. vahlii W. & A.
24.11.67 abundant

B. variegata Linn.
28.1V.67 abundant

Chamaecyparis lawsoniana

“‘Kilmacurragh’

19.V.67 2 al accidental (F.W.Q.)

Colutea cilicica B. & B.
10. VIII.67 2 al many ap

Daubentonia tripetti Poit.
23.VIII.66 abundant

Genista cinerea DC.
23.V.67 abundant

G. duriaei Spach.
23.V.67 3 ap

Gleditsia caspica Desf.
1.VI.67 4 ap

G. triacanthos inermis Linn.
28.1V.67 3 ap

G. triacanthos “Sun Burst’
1.VI1.67 25 ap

Indigofera australis Willd.
30.VII.66 abundant
26.1 & 2.1V.67 scarce

I. dosua Buch.-Ham.

31.X.67 scarce

I. gerardiana R. Grah.
10.X.66 abundant

T. pulchella Roxb.
36.X.67 scarce

Lotus berthelotii Masf.

9.111.67 many ap parasitized by
Lysephlebius testaceipes (Marsh
det. )

Phaseolus caracalla Linn.

16.1I1.67, 25.X.67

1 al 60 ap ny

Robinia hispida Linn.
1.VL.67 1 al 12 ap ny & 15. VIIl-67
75 al ap ny
R. kelseyi Hutchins
1.VI.67 4 ny
R. pseudoacacia Linn.
29.VIII.66 & 25.IV67 abundant
Tephrosia glomerulifera Meissn.
31.VII.67 abundant
T. vogelii Hook
5.1V & 3.X1.67 abundant
Thuja plicata Donn
19.V.67 accidental (F.W.Q.)

Aphis fabae Scopoli, Bean Aphid

Amaranthus tricolor Linn.
5.VII.67 abundant

Amorpha fruticosa Linn.
28.1V.67 abundant

Cassia corymbosa Lam.
30.X.67 2 ap 7 ny

Centranthus ruber “Alba’
21.X.66

Enchylaena tomentosa R. Br.
31.11.67 abundant

Euonymus japonicus Thunb.
14.III & 5. VII.67 scarce

Hardenbergia monophylla Benth.
25.II1.67 scarce

Ilex sikkimensis Kurz.
5.V.67 15 ap

Pseudopanax lessonii C. Koch
1.11.67 moderate

Salvia apiana Jepson
24,111.67 abundant

Solanum mauritianum Blanco
30.XI1.66

Sonchus oleraceus Linn.
97.X1I.66 2 al 10 ny

Viburnum odoratissimum Ker-Gawl
5.V.67 abundant

Wisteria sp.
12.1V.66

106 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

Aphis gossypii Glover, Cotton or Melon Aphid

In 1971 (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 73(1): 9-16) we published a list of the
host plants of this aphid. It was collected from 204 plants. The dates are given
for each collection and the relative abundance of the aphid is indicated.

Aphis hederae Linn., Ivy Aphid
Hedera helix Linn.
Isle IWS WAL, SS WAIT We BOG alll
abundant
Aphis helianthi Monell

Cupressus lusitanica Mill.
10.111.67 (F.W.Q.) 2 al accidental

Aphis nasturtii Kaltenbach
Callitris murrayensis Gard.

7.11.67 (F.W.Q.) 1 al
Aphis nerii (Fonscolombe), Oleaster & Milkweed Aphid
Araujia sericifera Brot. Nerium oleander Linn.
28.VII.67 abundant 7.VIII & 28.1X.66, 26.VII, 26.1X &
8.X1.67 abundant
Aphis oestlundi Gillette
Oenothera biennis Linn.

23.V.67 abundant

Aphis pomi DeGeer, Apple Aphid (30 hosts)

Cotoneaster buxifolia Wall Malus sp.
26.X.67 1 al 30 ap ny 27.VI & 10.VIII.67 abundant
C. congesta Baker 10.X.67 4 al 6 ap ny
21.X.66 5 al 6 ap ny M. baccata Loisel.
C. dammeri Schneid. 14.1V & 8.VII.66 & 10.VIII.67 scarce
20.X.66 abundant M. halliana Koehne
C. denticulata H. B. & K. 16.VIII.67 abundant
9.1X.66 abundant M. ‘Hopa’
C. disticha Lange 7.VII.67 abundant
7.VII, 9 & 27.1X.66 15. VIII.67 scarce
15.VIII.67 moderate M. ‘Pettingill’
C. lactea W. W. Smith 1.VI.67 scarce
16 & 26.X.67 abundant M. pumila Mill.
C. microphylla Wall. 27.VIII.66
26.X.67 abundant M. toringoides Hughes
C. pannosa Franch. 4,VIII.67 scarce
4.X.67 abundant M. “Transcendent?
C. rotundifolia Wall 10.1X.67 scarce

6.VIT & 9.1X.66 with ant Iridomyrmex Pittosporum brevicalyx Gagnep
humilis (Mayr.) (det. D. R. Smith) 31.X.67 scarce

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, No. 1, MARCH, 1972 107

P. crassifolium Soland.
23.X.67 abundant

P. formosanum Hayata
31.X.67 scarce

P. moluccanum Miq.
28.XI11.66 abundant

P. phillyraeoides DC.
26.X.67 scarce

P. tobira Ait
4.1V.66 & 10.1.67 scarce
with ant Iridomyrmex humilis (Mayr.)
(det. D. R. Smith)

Prunus lyonii Sudworth
6.X.66 scarce
Pyrus calleryana Decne.
7.VII.66
P. communis Linn.
27.V1.67 abundant
P. kawakamii Hayata
23.X and 15.X1.66 abundant
P. malus Linn.
24,111.67 abundant
scarce
Sorbus aria edulis Wenzig
24.V.67 2 al 10 ap

& 27.VIII.67

Aphis spiraecola Patch, Spiraea Aphid (About 40 hosts )

Cotoneaster denticulata B. & N.
27.1X.66 abundant

C. disticha Lange
27.1X.66 scarce

Dodonaea cuneata Rudge
31.111.67 scarce

Eucalyptus sp.
24.VII.67 scarce

E. caesia Benth.
19.VII.67 abundant

E. salmonophloia F. Muell.
25.111.67 abundant ( Estop )

E. urnigera Hook.
13.VII.67 scarce

Forsythia “Beatrix Farrand’
7.1X.66 a few al ny

Nothopanax arboreum Seem
23.X.67 abundant

Persea americana Mill.
27.111.67 scarce

Pyracantha sp.
20.1V.67 scarce

P. crenata-serrata (Hance ) Rehder
15.X1.66 abundant

P. crenulata ‘Chinese Brocade’
11.VIHI.66 scarce with ant Iridomyr-

mex humilis (Mayr) (det. D. R.
Smith) 6.V & 15.VIII.67 scarce

P. koidzumi Rehder
9.1V.66 & 19.VI.67 abundant
with above ant

P. rogersiana aurantiaca Bean
15. VIII.67 scarce

Spirdea sp.
14.1V.66
S. bella Sims
21.X.66 moderate 1.11.67 abundant
4.V .67 scarce
S. blumei G. Don
7 & 27.1X & 23.X.66 abundant
15.VIII.67 moderate
S. bumalda Bury.
15.V1.67 scarce
S. crenata Linn.
20.X.66 scarce 1.V.67 abundant
S. gemmata Zab.

96.IX.66 scarce, 21.X & 19.X.II
abundant 1.11 & 12.V.67
16.VIII.67 abundant

S. hypericifolia Linn.
23.V.67 scarce
S. longigemmis Maxim.
1 & 26.1X & 19.XI1.66 abundant
1.II, 4 & 12.V.67 scarce
S. nipponica Maxim.
30.X.67 moderate
S. nipponica tosaensis Makino
27.1X.66 abundant 20.XII.66 scarce
5.V.67 moderate & 10.VIII.67
scarce
S. trichocarpa Nakai

5.1X.66 moderate 20.X.66 abundant
11.X1.66 scarce 31.1 & 28.1V.67
abundant 2.V & 8.11.67 moderate

scarce

108 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

S. ulmifolia Scop. V. awabukii K. Koch
7 & 27.1X.66 scarce 20.XII.66 abun- 20.1V.67 abundant
dant 8.V.67 scarce 15.VIII.67 V. suspensum Lindl.
moderate 20.X.66 abundant
S. vanhouttei Zab. V. tinus Linn.
14.11.67 moderate 15.V1I.67 abundant 20.XII.66 abundant
25.VIII & 5.X.67 scarce V. tinus “Eve Price’
Viburnum glomeratum Maxim. 20.XII1.66 abundant
20.XI1I.66 scarce & 3.V.67 moderate V. tinus “Lucidum Variegatum’
V. japonicum Spreng. 20.X.66 abundant
1.V.67 moderate with ant Iridomyr- _ V. tinus “Purpureum’
mex humilis (Mayr.) 20.XI1.66 moderate

Aulacorthum (Acyrthosiphon) solani (Kaltenbach), Foxglove Aphid

In 1971 (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 73(2):120-123) we published a list of the
host plants of this aphid. These total 64. With each collection the date or dates
are given together with an indication of the relative abundance of the aphid.

Brachycaudus crataegifoliae (Fitch)

Crataegus oxycantha “Paul’s Scarlet’ C. pubescens Steud.
8.VI, 26.VII & 17.X.67 abundant 17.X.67 abundant

Brachyeaudus maidiradicis (Forbes), Corn Root Aphid

Aster sp.
6.VII.66

Brachycolus atriplicis Linn., Boat Gall Aphid

Atriplex semibaccata R. Br.
30.X.67 abundant

Brevicoryne brassicae (Linn.), Cabbage Aphid

Brassicae oleracea acephala DC.
14. 111.67 abundant

Calaphis sp.

Betula alleghaniensis Brit. B. maximowicziana Regel.
1. VII.66 1.VII.66

B. papyrifera Marsh. B. verrucosa Ehrh.
1.VII.66 1.VII.66

Calaphis betulella (Kaltenbach )

Betula papyrifera Marsh.
2.V.67 moderate

Calaphis castanea Fitch

Castanea dentata Borkh.
16.V.67 scarce

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, No. 1, MARCH, 1972 109

Calaphis granovskyi Palmer

Betula alleghaniensis Brit. B. platyphylla Sukaczew
2.V.67 scarce 3.V.67 scarce
B. davurica Pall B. platyphylla japonica (Miq.) Hara
8.VIII.67 scarce 27.V.67 moderate
B. papyrifera Marsh. B. utilis D. Don
2.V.67 scarce 3.V.67 moderate
B. papyrifera kenaica (Evans) Henry B. verrucosa Ehrh.
8.VIII.67 scarce 1.VII.66 scarce

B. maximowicziana Regel.
1.VII.66 & 8.VIII.67 scarce

Cavariella aegopodii (Scopoli)

Salix babylonica Linn. S. babylonica “Crispa’
1.V.67 scarce 6.V.67 scarce

Chaetosiphon (Pentatrichopus) fraegifolii Cockerell, Strawberry Aphid

Rosa sp.
12.V.67 scarce 16.V1.67 moderate

Chaitophorus sp.
Salix sp.
14 & 16.1V.66 moderate

Chaitophorus viminalis Monell
Salix sp.
24.V1I1.67 abundant

Cinara sp.
Pinus douglasiana Martinez P. patula Schiede & Deppe
4.X1.66 (J.O.P.) 17.V.67 scarce (J.O.P.)
P. michoacana Martinez P. pseudostrobus Lindl.
5.X1.66 (J.O.P.) 5.X1.66 (J.O.P.)

?Cinara apini Gillette & Palmer, Spotted Short-haired Limber Pine Aphid

Pinus douglasiana Martinez
29.XII.66 (J.O.P. det. as near)

Cinara atra Gillette & Palmer, Black Pinon Aphid

Pinus michoacana Martinez P. pseudostrobus Lindl.
18.VII.66 several al ap 6.VII.66 2 ap & 5.X.66 8 al

Cinara carolina Tissot?

Pinus patula S. & D. P. taeda Linn.
31.1.67 scarce (J.O.P. ) 5.XI & 31.XI1.66 and 1.III.67 abun-
dant (J.O.P.)

* Tissot and Pepper believe this will have to become a synonym of Cinara
atlantica Wilson.

110

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

The ant Prenolepis imparis californicus Wheeler was taken with both species.

Cinara cupressi Buckton

Juniperus scopulorum “Blue Haven’
16.V.67 4 ap (F.W.Q.)
Pinus pinea Linn.

10.111.67 moderate (F.W.Q. )

Widdringtonia schwarzii Masters
6.1V.67 moderate ( F.W.Q.)

Cinara curvipes (Patch), Bow-legged Fir Aphid

Cedrus deodara Loud.
31.111.67 30 al ap ny (A.N.T.)

Cinara juniperina (Mordvilko)

Juniperus bermudiana Linn.

16.V.67 moderate (J.O.P.)
J. chinensis ‘Mint Julep’

9.1] & 17.V.67 scarce (J.O.P.)
J. chinensis sargentii Henry

9.11.67 scarce (J.O.P.)
J. chinensis “Wintergreen”

17.V.67 scarce (J.O.P.)
J. horizontalis “Lividus’

9.II & 17.V.67 scarce (J.O.P. )
J. horizontalis “Plumosa’

6.11 & 17.V.67 abundant (J.O.P. )
J. horizontalis ‘Wiltonii’

9.II & 17.V.67 scarce (J.O.P.)
J. chinensis ‘San Jose’

17.V.67 moderate (J.O.P.)
. occidentalis ‘Sierra Silver’
8.1] & 17.V.67 scarce (J.O.P.)

J. sabina ‘Arcadia’

9.11.67 scarce (J.O.P. )

~~

J. sabina ‘Blue Danube’

6.11.67 scarce (J.O.P.)

J. scopulorum “Blue Haven’

16.V.67 3. ap (J.O.P.)

J. scopulorum ‘“Erecta Glauca’

611, 15.V & 9Y7.XII.67 abundant
(J.O.P.) with ant Prenolepis im-
paris californicus Wheeler

J. scopulorum ‘Staver’
9.1] & 17.V.67 scarce (J.O.P.)
J. scopulorum “Table Top Blue’
9.11.67 scarce (J.O.P) with ant
Iridomyrmex humilis (Mayr. )
J. virginiana “Burkii?
VEGA Grap GOFRs)
J. virginiana ‘Cupressifolia’
6.1] & 16.V.67 many ap (J.O.P.)
J. virginiana ‘Silver Spreader
6.11.67 scarce (J.O.P.)

Cinara tujafilina Del Guercio, Arborvitae Aphid

Callitris cupressiformis Vent.
20.1, 7 & 26.III.67 scarce (J.O.P.)
C. drummondii B. & H.
29.XI1.66, 20:1 & 6.11.67
(J.0.P.)
C. endlicheri ( Parl.) S. T. Blake
30.1.67 scarce (J.O.P.)
C. morrisonii R. T. Baker
20.X1.66 and 20.1, 24.1II & 18.X.67
moderate (J.O.P.)
C. propinqua R. Br.
7.111 & 10.VII.67 scarce (J.O.P. )

scarce

C. robusta R. Br.
6.111.67 moderate (J.O.P. )
Calocedrus decurrens (Torp.) Florin
26.1V.67 moderate (J.O.P.)
Chamaecyparis lawsoniana ‘Allumii’
4,111.67 scarce (J.O.P.)
Cupressus sempervirens ‘Stricta’
27.11.67 scarce (J.O.P.)
Kunzea pomifera F. Muell.
10.X1.66 (J.O.P.)
Thuja occidentalis ‘Cristata’
1.11.67 scarce (J.O.P.)

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, No. 1, MARCH, 1972 Hata

T. orientalis Linn.
90.1X.66 & 4.V.67 abundant (J.O.P.)
with ant Iridomyrmex humilis
(Mayr. )
T. plicata Don
4.II1.67 scarce (J.O.P.)

Widdringtonia juniperoides Endl.
6.X.67 moderate (J.O.P.)

W. schwarzii Masters
29.XII.66 (J.O.P.)

Coloradoa rufomaculata (Wilson), Pale Chrysanthemum Aphid

Chrysanthemum “Corvair’
153V.67 lap Wal (j.O-P.)

C. “Marble Top’
15.V.67 1 al several ap (J.O.P.)

Dactynotus spp.

Chrysanthemum “Corvair’
15.V.67 scarce
Eriocephalus africanus Linn.
27.1 & 22.1V.67 scarce
Felicia amelloides Schlechter
18.1 moderate & 30.XII.67 scarce
Gamolepis chrysanthemoides DC.
See ie 2 VS 23 Vien 2OUXTILG 7,
abundant-scarce
Gazania uniflora Sims.
29.XII1.67 scarce
Montanoa bipinnatifida C. Koch
QOXe Sexe Ge ASXTIGG:
28.1V.67 abundant-scarce
Olearia gunniana Hook
28.XI11.66, 25.1 & 26.1V.67 moderate

21.11,

O. lyrata Hutchinson
28.X11.66, 26.1V & 12.VII.67 abun-
dant-scarce
O. passerinoides Benth.
25.1, 2 & 26.1V, 2.X.67 abundant
O. pimeleoides Benth.
25.1 & 26.IV.67 moderate
O. viscidula Benth.
25.1, 7.11 & 26.1V.67 abundant
Rudbeckia laciniata Linn.
1.X1.66 & 6.V.67 scarce
Solidago gigantea Ait.
20.X.66
Tithonia sp.
10.XI1, 14.X11.66

All of these collections have been sent to Dr. A. Tom Olive. He reported that a
large red species from Olearia is a new species. Olearia is a Composite native to

Australia, Tasmania and New Zealand.

Dactynotus ambrosiae Complex

Pittosporum phillyraeoides DC.
PUN EG tall lap (EW Os)

Senecio petasitis DC.
7.1V.66 several (Olive )

Eriosoma crataegi (Oecestlund )

Pyracantha koidzumi Rehder
18.X.67 scarce

Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann), Wooly Apple Aphid

Malus sp.
10 & 11.X.67 abundant

Essigella californica Essig, Monterey Pine Aphid

Pinus lumholzii R. & F.
3.X.66 6 al (det. V.F.E. as near )

P. occidentalis Sw.
4.X.66, 1.III, 19.V.67
Lbap Sali@Ver E>)

2; PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

P. radiata D. Don
31.XII.66 scarce (V.F.E.)

P. roxburghii Sarg.
1.TII & 19.V.67 scarce (V.F.E. )
Essigella pini Wilson, Speckled Pine Needle Aphid

P. massoniana Lamb.
L.III.67 several ap (F.W.Q.)

Pinus douglasiana Martinez
4.JJI.67 many ap (F.W.Q.)

Essigella close to patehiae Hottes

Pinus pseudostrobus Lindl.
4.11.67 abundant

Note on Essigella spp. During 1966-1968 we sent several hundred vials of
Essigella on many species of Pinus to Dr. V. F. Eastop, Dept. Entomology,
British Museum (Natural History). He has in his possession what is undoubtedly
the largest collection of this genus from the greatest number of Pinus spp. in
existence. He writes that he hopes to work these up in the course of time but
it will entail many dozens of careful measurements.

Euceraphis gillettei Davidson

Alnus japonica (Thunb.) Steud.
2.V.67 several ap (F.W.Q.)

A. rhombifolia Nutt.
1.V & 16.VI.67 a few ap al (F.W.Q.)

Euceraphis punctipennis Zetterstedt

Betula latifolia Tausch.
2.V.67 moderate (F.W.Q.)
B. platyphylla Sukaczew
3.V.67 several al ap (F.W.Q.)

B. platyphylla japonica (Miq.) Hara
2.V.67 moderate (F.W.Q. )

Eulachnus agilis (Kaltenbach) and/or E. rileyi (Williams)

Casuarina equisetifolia Linn.
25.1V.67 abundant
Pinus bungeana Zucc.
31.X.66 a few ap 2 al
P. canariensis Smith
14.XI & 29.XII.66 abundant, 22.II,
27.X11.67 abundant
P. caribaea Morelet
3.X.66
P. densiflora S. & Z.
4.X1.66 scarce
P. greggii Engelm.
30.X.66 & 7.1V.67 abundant
P. halepensis Mill.
15.1X & 3.X.66 & 27.XII.67 moderate
P. massoniana D. Don
3.X & 4.X1.66 40-50 all stages

P. pinea Linn.

1I51X & 4.X1.66,, 14.11, 10.1167
abundant 11.X.67 scarce
P. strobus Linn.
4.X1.66 40 all stages with ant

Iridomyrmex humilis (Mayr. )
P. silvestris Linn.
31.XI1I.66 15 ap
P. taeda Linn.
3.X.66 abundant
P. taiwanensis Hayata
31.XI1.66 abundant
P. thunbergii Parl.
3.X & 4.X1.66 abundant 29.XII.66
scarce 31.1.67 12 ap, 2.III.67 scarce
& 28.1V.67 12 ap

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 113

Hyadaphis foeniculi Passerini, Honeysuckle & Parsnip Aphid

Lonicera sp.
30.11.66 ny only
L. fragrantissima L. & P.

21.X & 19.X11.66 & 1.11.67 abundant

L. implexa Ait.
18,111.67 abundant 11.X.67 1 ap 4 ny

Hyadaphis pseudobrassicae (Davis), Turnip Aphid

(European workers have called this Lipaphis erisymi (Kalt. )

Matthiola incana R. Br.
25.111.67 abundant

Kakimia essigi Gillette & Palmer, Black-backed Columbine Aphid

Aquilegia longissima G. & W.
15.11.67 abundant

Macrosiphoniella ludovicianae (Oestlund), Dark-leaved Wormwood Aphid

Artemesia douglasiana Bess
4.III.67 al ap pupae (F.W.Q.)

Macrosiphoniella sanborni (Gillette), Chrysanthemum Aphid

Chrysanthemum indicum ‘Cultivar
15.1II.67 moderate

Macrosiphum spp.

Artemesia douglasiana Bess
14.1V.66 & 9.X.67 abundant

Caesalpinia peltophoroides Benth.
5.VI.67 1 ap 1 ny

Chaenomeles sinensis Lindl.
15.V.67 1 ap

Chrysanthemum maximum “Marconi”
15.V.67 3 ap

Eriocephalus africanus Linn.
22.1V.67 scarce

Eucalyptus macrandra F. Muell.
26.11.67 abundant

E. pulverulenta Sims.
6.VII.67 5 al many ap ( Estop)

Euonymus japonicus Linn.
20.1V.67 5 ap

Gleditsia triacanthos inermis Linn.
28.1V.67 1 ap

Hibiscus mutabilis Linn.
19.XI1.66 1 ap 1 ny

Indigofera dosua Buch.-Ham.
31.X.67 2 al 20 ap

I. gerardiana R. Grah.
6.V.67 6 ap 1 al

I, pulchella Roxb.
31.X.67 30 ap ny 5 al

Lampranthus spectabilis N. E. Brown
3.1V.67 2 al 5 ny

Papaver orientale Linn.
11.V.67 3 al 6 ap

Pilea cadierei G. & G.
6.11.67 moderate

Rhagodia nutans R. Br.
24,111.67 1 al 1 ap

Macrosiphum (Sitobium) avenae Fab., English Grain Aphid

Thuja plicata Donn
19.V.67 1 al accidental (F.W.Q.)

114 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

Macrosiphum californicum (Clarke )

Betula coerulea Blanchard Salix sp.
1.V.67 5 ap (F.W.Q.) WAV & W61V., WS EXe662 Vol 27/01
Callistemon salignus Sweet abundant 1.V.67 40 al al 28.VI.67
13.1V.67 2 ap (F.W.Q.) abundant
Eucalyptus coccifera Hook S. babylonica Linn.
11. VILG7 10;Cap iGV-EEES «det” ‘as 1.V.67 moderate
starvation forms ) S. babylonica ‘Crispa’
E. cneorifolia DC. 1.1X.66 abundant 6.V.67 scarce
14.IV.67 1 al 7 ap S. taxifolia H. B. & K.
E. conglobata anceps Maiden 8.111.67

14.1V.67 8 al (F.W.Q.)

Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), Potato Aphid

In 1971 (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash 73(2):123-127) we published a list of the
host plants of this aphid. These total 107. The date or dates are given with each
collection with an indication of relative abundance of the aphid.

Macrosiphum (Sitobium) fragariae (Walker)

Hypericum revolutum Vahl
10,111.67 a few al ap (MacG. )

Macrosiphum geranii (Oecstlund )

Pinus douglasiana Martinez
1 al accidental (F.W.Q. )

Macrosiphum pennsylvanicum Pepper

Achillea millefolium Linn.
23.V.67 several ap ny

Macrosiphum pteridis Wilson

Callitris robusta R. Br. Nephrolepis exaltata Schott.
ali GERW2O}) 15.11.67 2 al 12 ap 15 ny
(coll. by J. A. Munro )
(det. H. A. Robinson with query )

Macrosiphum (Sitobium) rhamni (Clarke)

Rhamnus crocea Nutt.
1S Qi. OVE 20h ee 26h Vie
10. VII.67 abundant-scarce

Macrosiphum rosae (Linn.), Rose Aphid

Bencomia moquiniana W. & B. Rosa sp.
5.1V.67 2 al 1 ap 23111; 5.1V;) 15. VIE & 26 5066
Ilex sp. scarce-abundant 8.III.67 abundant
5.1V.66 only al N6SV.67 Ie wall 45 aps 27-67,
I. cornuta L. & P. abundant

12.1V.66 & 3.V.67 moderate

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, No. 1, MARCH, 1972 ILS)

Masonaphis spp.

Actinostrobus pyramidalis Miq. (SPN
gives Callitris actinostrobus as a
synonym )

5.1V.67 abundant
Callitris drummondii Benth.
19.VII.67 10 ap

C. endlicheri (Parl.) S. T. Blake

2.1V.67 a few ap & 21.VII.67 scarce
C. morrisonii R. T. Baker
24. 111.67 scarce

C. propinqua R. Br.
10.VII.67 20 ap

C. rhomboidea R. Br.
21.XI.67 1 al 4 ap

C. robusta R. Br.

19,VII.67 3 ap

Cupressocyparis leylandii Dall.

15.V1.67 30 ap

Cupressus funebris Endl.
1.11.67 abundant

Eucalyptus caesia Benth.
29.V1.67 1 al 70 ap

E. stoatei C. A. Gardner
5.VII.67 scarce

Juniperus chinensis ‘Japonica’
13.V1.67 1 al 25 ap

J. chinensis ‘San Jose’
17.V.67 20 ap

J. scopulorum “Table Top Blue’
17.V.67 20 ap

Melaleuca graminea S. Moore
14.IV.67 3 al 4 ny

Taxodium mucronatum Tenore
2S IVAGTO ae pupal wap,

1al-4 ap ny

16. VI.67

Masonaphis lambersii MacGillivray

Azalea sp.
15.11.67 scarce

Ilex cornuta “Burfordii’
23.VIII.67 several ap (MacG. )

Masonaphis (Ericobium) morrisonii (Swain )
(Identifications made by MacG. and F.W.Q. )

Actinostrobus pyramidalis Miq.
24.VII.67 12 ap
Callitris endlicheri ( Parl.) S. T. Blake
21.VII.67 scarce
C. murrayensis Miq.
7111.67 12 ap 19.VII.67 4 ap
C. oblonga Rich.
20.VI1I.67 12-15 ap
C. preissii Miq.
7.111.67 abundant
C. propinqua R. Br.
7.I11.67 scarce
C. rhomboidea R. Br.
21.VIL.67 1 al 2 ap
C. robusta R. Br.
20.1.67 abundant 24.11.67 1 al 12 ap
C. verrucosa R. Br.
21.V1.67 1 al 12 ap
Calocedrus decurrens ( Torr.) Florin
19.V.67 scarce
Casuarina lepidophloia F. Muell.
10.VII.67 scarce

Chamaecyparis lawsoniana ‘Kilmacur-
ragh’
19.V.67 scarce
Cupressocyparis leylandii Dall.
16.111.67 10 ap
Cupressus arizonica Greene
IL-6 7 26 ap ny, 2O0:EV~19-V.67
3 ny, 19.V1.67 abundant
C. funebris Endl.
19.V.67 9 ap ny
C. glabra Sudw.
19.V.67 2 ny
C. lusitanica Mill.
11.X1.66 & 1.III.67 abundant 10.II1.67
7 ap
C. sempervirens Linn.
26.VII.67 scarce
C. sempervirens ‘Stricta’
23.V.67 2 ny 21.VII.67 2 ap
C. torulosa corneyana Mast.
1.111.67 60 ap
Juniperus bermudiana Linn.
6.11 & 16.V.67 abundant

116 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

J. chinensis “Robusta Green’ Sequoia sempervirens Endl.
17.V & 23.VIII.67 scarce 17.V & 17.VI.67 many al ap
J. horizontalis ‘Wiltoni’ 26.V1.67 12 ap
17.V.67 1 ap Sequoiadendron giganteum ( Lindl.)
J. occidentalis “Sierra Silver Buch.
17.V.67 10 ap 11.1, 26.1V and 14.V1.67 moderate
J. scopulorum “Blue Haven’ Thuja plicata Donn.
3.X.66 & 23. VIII.67 scarce 4.JII.67 scarce 19.V.67 moderate
J. scopulorum “Erecta Glauca’ Widdringtonia dracomontana Stapf.
25.VIII.66 & 15.V.67 abundant 24.VII1.67 2 ap 2 ny
J. virginiana ‘Burkii’ W. juniperoides Endl.
1.III.67 2 al ap 8.VII.67 scarce
J. virginiana “Cupressifolia’ W. schwarzii Masters
16.V.67 21 ap 6.1V.67 3. al 4 ap
Metasequoia glyptostroboides H. & C. 23.VI1.67 moderate
26.V1.67 1 al

Melanocallis caryaefoliae Davis, Black Pecan Aphid
(Richards places this in Tinocallis )

Carya illinoinensis C. Koch
9.X.67 abundant
Monellia costalis (Fitch), Black-Margined Aphid

Carya illinoinensis C. Koch
9.X.67 abundant
this is a melanistic form of M.
caryella Fitch

Monelliopsis californica Essig

Juglans nigra Linn. Pterocarya fraxinifolia Spach.
15.V.67 5 al 6 ap, 9.X.67 25 al ap 8.X1.67 6 al 4 ny ( Bissell )
( Bissell )

Myzocallis discolor Monell, Eastern Dusky-Winged Oak Aphid
Quercus agrifolia Nee
25.111.66

Myzocallis punctata Monell, Clear-Winged Oak Aphid
(Including the dark form M. alhambra Davidson )

Daubentonia tripetii Poit F. pretoriae Burtt.-Davy
24.V.67 3 al (accidental ) 22.11.67 1 pupa

Ficus elastica ‘Decora’ F.. stephanocarpa Warb.
22.11.67 3 al several pupae 22.11.67 2 ap 1 al

F.. glomerata Roxb. F. wightiana Benth.
22.11.67 3 al 3 pupae 22.11.67 several al

F. parcellii Veitch Quercus agrifolia Nee

22.11.67 1 al 2 pupae 25.111.66

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 WALZ

Q. engelmannii Greene Q. ganderi C. B. Wolf
20.111 & 20.1V.66, 21.11, 8.1II, 12 & 8.II1.67 scarce
20.1V, 23.X.67 moderate Q. virginiana Hill. « lyrata Watt.

8.1I1.67 scarce

Myzocallis walshii (Monell )

Quercus engelmannii Greene

20.1V.66
Myzus hemerocallis Takahashi
Hemerocallis aurantiaca major Baker H. ‘Hybrid’
15.11.67 abundant 9.X.67 9 ap ny

Myzus lythri Schrank, Mahaleb Cherry Aphid

Callitris propinqua R. Br.
7111.67 accidental

Myzus ornatus Laing, Ornate Aphid

In 1971 (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 73(2):127-131) we published a list of the
host plants of this aphid which totaled 110. With each collection the date or
dates is given together with an indication of the relative abundance of the aphid.

Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Green Peach Aphid

In 1970 (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 72(3):294-312) we published a list of the
host plants of this aphid. It was found on 560 plants or 42% of the 1332 plants
on which aphids had been collected. The date or dates with each collection are
given together with an indication of the relative abundance of the aphid.

Myzus (Sitobium) rhamni Clarke

Morinda jasminoides A. Cunn.

26.1V.67 abundant (MacG.)

Myzus varians Davidson, Variable Peach Aphid

Clematis “Hybrid C. ligusticifolia Nutt.

15.X.66 26.VII.67 15 ap ny

Nasonovia (Hyperomyzus) lactueae (Linn.), Sowthistle Aphid

Sonchus oleraceus Linn.

14.VI.67 abundant

Neoceruraphis vibernicola (Gillette), Snowball Aphid

Viburnum odoratissimum Ker.-Gawl. V. suspensum Lindl.
19.X11.66 & 16.111.67 many al ap 2.111.66 40 al ap ny
V. sargentii Koehne
27.11.67 abundant

118 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

Neophyllaphis podocarpi Takahashi

Podocarpus gracilior Pilg. P. macrophyllus D. Don
12.1X.66 50 al ap ny 15.X.66 many ap al

Neotoxoptera violae Pergande, Violet Aphid

Dianthus barbatus Linn. Thevetia peruviana Merrill
31.X.67 20 ap ny (L.M.R.) 3.1.67 1 al accidental

Ovatus erataegarius (Walker), Mint Aphid

Mentha citrata Ehrh. M. pulegium Linn.
4.X.67 2. ap 1 ny 23.V.67 2 al 3 ny

M. longifolia Huds. M. spicata Linn.
4 & 30.X.67 60-70 ap ny 4.X.67 2 al 15 ap ny

M. piperita Linn.
4.X.67 35 ap ny

Pentalonia nigroneryosa Cockerell

Ensete V ventricosum ( Welw.) Chees. M. rosacea Jacq.
I.X1.66 many al ap 1.X1.66 50 ap ny 1 al

Musa bulbissima Auth. M. velutina H. Wend).
I.X1.66 2 al 50 ap ny 1.X1.66 3 al 10 ap

Pleotricophorus gnaphalodes Palmer

Artemesia nutans Willd.
23.V.67 abundant (H.R.L.)

?Pterocomma salicis (Linn. )
Salix babylonica Linn.
L:V.67 Tal:2 ap
?Pterocomma smithiae (Monell), Willow Grove or Black Willow Aphid

Salix taxifolia H. B. & K.
8.11.67 abundant

Rhopalosiphum padi Linn., Oat Bird Cherry Aphid
Sambucus mexicana Presl.

15.111.67 accidental (MacG. )

Siphonotrophia cupressi Swain, Cypress Aphid

Cupressus glabra Sudw. J. chinensis “Torulosa’
5.X.66 & 19.V.67 scarce 4.X.67 3 ap 4 ny

C. lusitanica Mill Widdringtonia juniperoides Endl.
1.III & 22.V.67 scarce 8.VII.67 8 ap

C. torulosa corneyana Mast W. schwarzii Masters
22.V.67 scarce 29.X11.66 20 ap

Juniperus chinensis Linn.
5.X.66 25 ap

Soest

PROG. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 119

Stegophylla quercifoliae Gillette, Wooly Oak Aphid

Quercus agrifolia Nee Q. engelmannii Greene
17.V.67 abundant ( F.W.Q.) 12.V.67 moderate (F.W.Q. )

Takeeallis arundicolens (Clarke )

Arundinaria amabilis McClure P. vivax McClure
8.111.67 abundant 8.11.67 scarce
A. simonii A. & C. Riviere Pseudosasa japonica Makino
8.111.67 abundant 7.VI.67 scarce 26.XI1.66
Bambusa multiplex Raeusch. Sasa pygmaea Mité.
7.V1I.67 moderate 26.X11.66, 31.1.67 abundant
Phyllostachys aureosulcata McC. 8.X1.67 scarce

8.III.67 scarce

Takecallis arundinariae Essig

Arundinaria amabilis McClure P. bambusoides S. & Z.
8.11.67 abundant 7.V1.67 moderate
A. simonii A. & C. Riviere P. bambusoides castillonii Houseau de
8.111.67 abundant Lehaie
Bambusa sp. 26.X11.66 & 8.111.67 abundant
8.III.67 scarce 7.V1.67 moderate
B. multiplex Raeusch. P. dulcis McClure
12.1V.66 8.1II.67 moderate
B. multiplex “Chinese Goddess’ P. flexuosa A. & C. Riviere
8.III.67 moderate 8.I11.67 abundant
B. multiplex ‘Stripestem Fernleaf’ P. meyeri McClure
8.11.67 scarce 14.X11.66
B. oldhamii Munro P. nigra Munro
26.X11.66 1.11.67 scarce
Chimonobambusa marmorea Makino P. sulphurea viridis Young
8.111.67 scarce 8.III.67 moderate & 7.VI.67 scarce
Phyllostachys sp. P. vivax McClure
26.X11.66 & 7.V1.67 moderate 8.111.67 abundant
P. aurea A. & C. Riviere Sasa japonica Makino
o7 XI166 & 311, 9711, 8X1 and 4XIL66
29.X11.67 abundant S. pygmaea Camus
P. aureosulcata McClure 28.11.67 scarce

§.III.67 scarce

Tamalia coweni (Cockerell), Manzanita Leaf-Gall Aphid

Arctostaphylos manzanita Parry
15.X1.66 many ap al and leaf galls

Tinocallis caryaefoliae—see Melanocallis

Toxoptera aurantii (Fonscolombe), Black Citrus Aphid

In 1971 (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 73(3):324-326) we published a list of the
host plants of this aphid in the Arboretum. It was collected from 47 plants

120 PROG. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

distributed in 25 genera and 19 different plant families. The dates are given for
each collection and the relative abundance of the aphid is indicated.

Tuberculatus ulmifolii (Monell), Elm Leaf Aphid
(Has also been placed in Myzocallis )

Ulmus americana Linn.
4.X.67 20 al ap ny
Tuberculoides n. sp., Dickson in Ms.
Quercus myrsinaefolia Blume

1.VI.67 4 al 25 ny (F.W.Q.)

Tuberculoides maureri Swain

Quercus acutissima Carruth Q. ganderi C. B. Wolf
8.V.67 3 al 8.11.67 scarce

QO. engelmannii Greene Q. virginiana Mill. * lyrata Walt.
12.1V.67 abundant 8.III & 1.VI.67 scarce

5.VII.67 35 ap

Tuberolachnus salignus (Gmelin), Giant Willow Aphid

Salix sp. S. discolor Muh.

16.1V.66 13.V & 13.XI1.66, 1.V.67 scarce
S. babylonica Linn. S. taxifolia H. B. & K.

13.X11.66 abundant 8.11.67 abundant
S. babylonica ‘Crispa

17.X1.66 abundant

Wahlgreniella nervata (Gillette), Rose and Barberry Aphid

Arctostaphylos densiflora M.S. Baker A. pumila ‘“Radient’
7.V1.67 20 ap ( MacG. ) 24,111.67 abundant (MacG. )
A. pumila Nutt. A. stanfordiana Parry
24,111.67 abundant ( MacG.) 24.11.67 abundant 7.VI.67 30 ap
(MacG. )

Wahlgreniella nervata arbuti Davidson

Arbutus unedo Linn.
4.1] & 14,111.67 abundant
8.V.67 30 ap 13.VI1.67 50 ap
(some det. by MacG. )

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, No. 1, MARCH, 1972 121

CAREOSPINA QUERCIVORA, A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF MOTH

INFESTING LIVE OAKS IN CALIFORNIA!
(LEPIDOPTERA: INCURVARIIDAE )

Donatp R. Davis, Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution,
Washington, D. C. 20560

ABSTRACT—Careospina, new genus, is proposed for C. quercivora, new
species, described from the coastal ranges of California. The larvae are known to
infest at least two species of live oaks, feeding at first as leaf miners and then
later as leaf skeletonizers after constructing portable, larval cases. The cases are
lenticular in shape and are formed from oval sections cut from the leaves of the
host. The species is believed to undergo one generation per year with the adults
emerging from late spring to mid-summer.

The moths discussed in this article were first collected and reared
over thirty years ago by Dr. R. M. Bohart of the University of
California, Los Angeles. Bohart sent his material to Dr. Annette
Braun who recognized the insect as an undescribed species of In-
curvariidae near the genus Lampronia. Since then Dr. L. R. Brown
and C. O. Eads of the University of California at Riverside have
studied the life history of this species. The results of their work were
summarized in a well illustrated bulletin of that Institution on the
insects affecting the oaks of southern California (1965). I am indebted
to Dr. Brown for some of the study material incorporated into the
present paper as well as for numerous photographs of immature
stages.

Recently the biology of this and certain other oak-feeding Lepidop-
tera have been under intensive investigation by Dr. Paul Opler of the
University of California at Berkeley. His request of a name for this
moth for a publication soon to appear has prompted the present paper.
I am grateful to Dr. Opler for most of the specimens examined of this
species and also for information concerning its life history. I am
currently revising the American species of Incurvariinae and will
include a more lengthy review of the biology of this new species
in that report. The reader should also be cautioned that the familial
name, Incurvariidae, although commonly used over the years by a
number of authors, does not have priority and may be synonymized in
my forthcoming revision.

Careospina, n. gen.

Type-species.—Careospina quercivora, n. sp.
Adult.—Small, slender bodied moths; wing expanse approximately 7-10 mm.

‘Immediate publication secured by full payment of page charges—Editor.

122 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972
> >

Fig. 1. Careospina quercivora, n. sp., holotype, male, wing expanse 10 mm.

Head (figs. 3-4): Densely hairy, entirely rough. Antennae simple, 0.6—0.8
the length of forewing, 32-36 segmented; sensory setae short, 0.5 the diameter
of flagellum; pecten present, consisting of approximately 6-10 scattered setae
from venter of scape; antennal sockets well separated, the intersocketal distance
usually more than 2.2 the diameter of socket. Ocelli absent. Compound eyes
large, spherical; vertical diameter equal to interocular distance across frons.
Mandibles present, greatly reduced. Galeae short, approximately equal to length
of labial palpi. Maxillary palpi long, nearly 2.0 the length of labial palpi, usually
folded in repose, five segmented; fourth segment the longest, nearly 3.0 the length
of fifth. Labial palpi three segmented.

Thorax: Wings relatively narrow, greatest width approximately 0.25 the length,
apices subacute; microtrichiae (aculeae) evenly scattered over both wings.
Forewings 12-veined; all veins arising separate from discal cell except 7 and 8
which are stalked about 0.25-0.35 their lengths; accessory and intercalary cells
faintly present. Prothoracic tibia without an epiphysis.

Male genitalia: Uncus simple, reduced in size. Viniculum-saccus broadly
triangular. Valvae relatively slender; ventral margin with a single pecten present.
Juxta broad. Aedeagus relatively short and stocky; cornuti present.

Female genitalia: Apex of ovipositor depressed, broad and stout, accuminate.
Apophyses relatively stout. Ductus bursae shortened, seldom extending beyond
cephalic ends of anterior apophyses when ovipositor extended. Signum absent.

Discussion.—With our present knowledge, this genus and species
stand relatively remote from nearly all other incurvariine taxa. On the
basis of certain morphological features and particularly with regard
to general biology, Careospina demonstrates closest affinities to an-
other monotypic, American genus, Paraclemensia. Similar to Para-
clemensia, Careospina lacks an epiphysis and the apex of the female
ovipositor is relatively broad and depressed. The two genera also

PROG. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, No. 1, MARCH, 1972 123

Fig. 2. Lower surface of leaf of coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia) showing
injury and two larval cases of Careospina quercivora, n. sp. (after Brown and Eads).

share similar palpal segmentation. They differ most markedly in that
Paraclemensia possesses broader wings (greatest width approximately
0.35 the length) and has lost vein 5 (M2) in the forewing. Para-
clemnsia also has eyes that are considerably smaller in size, and the
juxta of the male is of a more complex, deeply furcated form, much
different from the rather simple type present in Careospina.

Biologically the two genera demonstrate a basic life history which
is rather unique for the Holarctic Incurvariidae. The larvae of both
Paraclemensia and Careospina commense as leaf miners but soon
begin to skeletonize the leaves of the host plant after first constructing
portable cases. This type of behavior, although rare in genera of the
northern hemisphere, seems to prevail more in the Australian species
(Common, 1970) and is partially reminiscent to that of a closely related
family, the Heliozelidae.

The generic name, Careospina, has been derived from latin (and
treated as feminine) and refers to the fact that the epiphysis (spina )
is absent (careo).

Careospina quercivora, 0. sp.

Adult (fig. 1)—Wing expanse: ¢, 7-9 mm; 2, 7-10 mm.
Head: Pale stramineous. Antennae 0.65-0.75 the length of forewing; scape

124 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

Figs. 3-6. Careospina quercivora, n. sp.: 3, frontal view of head; 4, left
maxilla; 5, legs; 6, wing venation. Scale = 0.5 mm.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 125

and pedicel stramineous, flagellum fuscous, completely scaled. Maxillary and
labial palpi stramineous; apex of second segment of labial palpi with a scattered
brush of 4-6 long bristles.

Thorax: Dorsum fuscous, slightly iridescent. Venter paler, more brownish.
Tarsal segments indistinctly ringed with light brown. Forewings uniformly fuscous
with a slight bronzy luster except for a single, small whitish spot on hind margin
near tornus (frequently obscure in rubbed specimens). Hindwings paler than
forewings, grayish.

Abdomen: Fuscous above; paler, more grayish ventrally.

Male genitalia (figs. 7-10): Uncus reduced to a small, acute lobe. Vinculum
and saccus triangular, relatively short, approximately equalling valvae in length.
Valvae slender, sacculus slightly expanded; a single pecten consisting of 12-20
spines arranged in a single row midway along ventral margin. Juxta slightly longer
than broad (length about 1.5 the width); base bluntly rounded, more narrow
than caudal end. Aedeagus about as long as valvae, stocky, with two large
cornuti present.

Female genitalia (figs. 11-12): Apex of ovipositor depressed, cutting edges
serrate, bilaterally incised immediately below tip. Cephalic end of posterior
apophyses flared. Ductus bursae slightly thickened, appearing somewhat rugose
midway along length.

Holotype.——Tapia Park, Los Angeles County, California, ¢, coll.
June 11, 1957, emerged July 7, 1957, by C. Eads and L. Brown, on
Quercus agrifolia, USNM 72077; in the United States National Museum
of Natural History.

Paratypes—CALIFORNIA: Contra Costa Co.: Mt. Diablo, 2900 ft.:
6, coll. Feb. 24, 1968 by P. Opler on Quercus wislizenii, emerged
June 10, 1968 (UCB). Kern Co.: Keene: 5¢, 52, coll. Feb. 17, 1968
by P. Opler on Quercus wislizenii, emerged May 12-28, 1968 (UCB);
26, 22, coll. Feb. 17, 1968 by P. Opler on Quercus wislizenii, emerged
May 7-30, 1968 (USNM ); 6¢, 42, coll. March 28, 1968 by P. Opler on
Quercus wislizenii, emerged July 6, 1968 (UCB); 4, coll. May 31,
1968 by P. Opler, emerged May 30, 1968 (USNM); 22, coll. June 2,
1968 by P. Opler, emerged June 14-21, 1968 (UCB); 2, coll. June 2,
1968 by P. Opler, emerged June 10, 1968 (USNM). Los Angeles Co.:
Same data as holotype: 26 (USNM); ¢, 2? (UCR). Westwood Hills:
3, June 11, 1941, 2, July, 1941, coll. by R. M. Bohart (AFB); 2, July
1941 coll. by R. M. Bohart (USNM). San Bernardino Co.: 1 mi. W.
Forest Home: 62, 52, coll. Mar. 29, 1968 by P. Opler on Quercus
wislizenii, emerged June 12-July 17, 1968 (UCB); 4, 2, same date
except emerged July 17, 1968 (USNM). Upper Lytte Cr.: 2¢, coll.
April 25, 1943, emerged June 26 and July 5, 1943, 2, coll. May 30,
1942, emerged July 13, 1942, on Quercus wislizenii (USNM). San
Mateo Co.: San Mateo Memorial Park: 2, coll. July 25, 1962 by C. A.
Toschi (UCB). Described from a total of 29 males and 25 females.

Hosts—FAGACEAE: “Quercus agrifolia Nee,” (Brown and Eads,
1965); “Quercus wislizenii A.DC.,” (from specimen labels). Opler (in

126 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

Figs. 7-12. Careospina quercivora, n. sp.: 7, male genitalia, ventral view; 8,
right valve, lateral view; 9, juxta, ventral view; 10, aedeagus; 11, female genitalia,
lateral view; 12, apex of ovipositor, dorsal view. Scale = 0.25 mm.

u

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 12

litt.) has indicated that most of his rearings of this moth were from
the chapparal scrub form of Quercus wislizenii, variety frutescens
Engelm.

Flight Period —Early June to late July; univoltine. The flight period
as given may be somewhat inaccurate as most, if not all, adult records
are based on laboratory rearings. Misled by the slow and extremely
variable development of the larvae, Brown and Eads (1956) con-
cluded that there were two generations per year. However, the species
appears to be only univoltine, with adults emerging from late spring
to mid-summer.

Distribution —Presently known from the coastal ranges of Cali-
fornia, including Santa Cruz Island, from Riverside County north to
Marin County and the San Francisco Bay area.

Life History—Although oviposition probably occurs from late June
throughout most of July, young larvae do not become noticeable until
mid September and continue to appear on into winter as late as
January as noted by Opler (in litt.). According to Brown and Eads
(1965), the larva first constructs a serpentine mine which is gradually
enlarged into an irregular blotch. All mesophyll tissue is consumed
thereby creating a full depth mine.

At the conclusion of the mining stage, the larva constructs a flattened
case by first cutting an oval patch out of both the upper and lower
epidermal layers of the mine and then sewing them together around
the edges with silk. The initial case measures approximately 5 mm
long and 3 mm wide, and frequently has a slight constriction at the
middle. The larva lives in this case for the remainder of its larval
existence, dragging it about over the leaf and occasionally to other
leaves as it feeds. After locating a suitable feeding spot, the larva
usually anchors the case to the leaf with silk before commencing to
feed. From this stage on the feeding injury caused by the larva is
that of a skeletonizer and is primarily, but not entirely, restricted to
the lower leaf surface. The entire leaf area covered by the larval
case is normally skeletonized although sometimes the central portion
covered by the case is left intact, thus leaving a partially or com-
pletely ringed-out portion on the leaf so characteristic of Paraclemensia
acerifoliella.

As the larva matures, more oval sections are cut from the leaf and
added to the top of the old case in the manner of a shelter, with the
larva alternately inverting the entire case each time to accommodate
the latest addition. Eventually the larva secures the shelter firmly for
the last time to the underside of a leaf, branch of some other suitable
site and pupates. Brown and Eads report that the leaves of the coast
live oak (Quercus agrifolia) normally fall in the spring, and that pupa-
tion may occur either before or after leaf fall. The length of the pupal

128 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

period appears to be relatively short, perhaps no longer than two
weeks. Emergence of the adult has never been observed in nature,
although more than likely it begins in early to mid June and continues
into late July.

REFERENCES

Brown, L. R. and C. O. Eads. 1965. <A technical study of insects affecting the
oak tree in southern California. Calif. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 810, pp. 1-105,
figs. 1-144.

Common, I. F. B. 1970. Lepidoptera, pp. 765-866, illus. In CSIRO, The
insects of Australia.

CRANEIOBIA LAWSONIANAE DE MEIJERE, NEW SYNONYM
OF JANETIELLA SISKIYOU FELT

(DipreERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE )

Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A. Murr.) Parl. (Cupressaceae), the Port-Orford-
Cedar, is a native of southwestern Oregon and northwestern California. It grows
well elsewhere, however, and was introduced into Europe, where many ornamental
varieties of this tree have been cultivated. Seeds of those varieties occasionally
are sent to the U.S. but require treatment at the port of entry because of the
presence of cecidomyiid larvae. In the past I have identified those larvae found
in the seeds as Craneiobia lawsonianae de Meijere (1935, Tijdschr. Ent. 78:129), a
species originally described from adults reared from C. lawsoniana seeds in the
Netherlands. K. M. Harris, of the Royal Horticultural Laboratories, Wisley, En-
gland, pointed out to me the probability that de Meijere’s species was the same as
Janetiella siskiyou Felt (1917, J. New York Ent. Soc. 25:194), which was described
from a female and larva taken from seeds of C. lawsoniana in Oregon. Upon
checking, I find that Felt’s type series, and a male collected subsequently from
Oregon, are identical to larvae and adults taken repeatedly in Quarantine at
Hoboken, N.J., in shipments of seed from Italy. Both series fit de Meijere’s original
description and figures of C. lawsonianae, and the latter is therefore a new junior
synonym of J. siskiyou. This species was apparently introduced into Europe from
America with the plant seeds —RAYMOND J. GAGNE, Systematic Entomology Labora-
tory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, ‘c/o U.S.
National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 129

AN UNUSUAL HABIT FOR A FLY OF THE FAMILY EPHYDRIDAE

The great majority of the species of the family Ephydridae are found in the
adult stage on or very close to moist earth. The larvae of a few species live in
herbaceous vegetation, such as the species of Hydrellia, which mine in aquatic or
emergent vegetation, and those of Clanoneurum, Mosillus, and Psilopa, which feed
upon such plants as Chenopodiaceae. The adults of these genera may be found
on the plants upon which their larvae feed.

Late in July and early in August along Cabin John Creek, near Bethesda,
Maryland, a dozen specimens of Ditrichophora canifrons Cresson were taken by
scraping the edge of a collecting net along the trunks of trees from 2 to 7 feet
above the ground. This was done in an effort to collect Medetera spp. (Dolicho-
podidae), which may be regularly taken in such situations. The ephydrid was
stated by Cresson (1942, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 68:121) to be a rare species from
Quebec, New York, and Pennsylvania. There are also specimens in the U.S.
National Museum from the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee,
and Penland, Mitchell County, North Carolina —Grorcr C. StrysKAL, Systematic
Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agricul-
ture, c/o U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560.

PARASITISM OF MILKWEED BEETLES, TETRAOPES
(DieTERA: TACHINIDAE—COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE )

Apparently no insect parasites have been recorded from the Nearctic cerambycid
genus Tetraopes. Chemsak (1963, U. Calif. Publ. Ent. 30(1):7), in his “Taxonomy
and bionomics of the genus Tetraopes,” stated that none have been reported, and
no records have been found for a nearly completed host-parasite catalog of North
American Tachinidae (Paul H. Arnaud, Jr., in litt.). Therefore, we believe the
following to be the first recorded parasite of Tetraopes.

Five specimens of the red milkweed beetle, Tetraopes tetrophthalmus (Forster )
[det. G. B. Vogt] were collected by one of us (Braun) at Beltsville, Md., on July
13 and 14, 1971, and kept in a jar with a leaf of the food plant. One beetle was
moribund on the 17th and another on the 18th, at which time two small puparia
and one maggot were found in the jar. The maggot had pupated by the 19th.
The first two puparia yielded flies on the 29th, but the third died. Dissection of
the two beetles showed that only one had apparently been parasitized. Large
numbers of the beetles were subsequently held for observation, but no more
parasites were found.

The parasites are Hyalomyodes triangulifer (looew), which is known from
several families of Coleoptera and from a few other insects, almost all of them
leaf-feeders. Sabrosky and Braun recently summarized the host records when
recording it as the first known tachinid parasite of Lampyridae (1970, Ent. News
81:185-187 ) —Curtis W. Sasrosxy, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, U.S.
Department of Agriculture, c/o U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560,
and BERNARD H. Braun, Pesticide Chemicals Research Branch, Agricultural Re-
search Center, Beltsville, Maryland 20705.

130 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

A CORRECTION TO STURTEVANT’S PAPER ON THE SEMINAL
RECEPTACLES, ETC., OF THE DIPTERA, 1926

When the A. H. Sturtevant collection became the property of the U.S. National
Museum in 1970, the specimens of the genus Strauzia became available to me.
In reviewing the material before incorporating it into collections, I noted that only
one specimen had a portion of the abdomen. The specimen was a female labeled
“Straussia longipennis var. perfecta Loew,” but is actually Euleia fratria (Loew).
The wing pattern, size, and general appearance of these two species are astonish-
ingly similar. Determinations of Strauzia longipennis should be checked for this
error.

The description of the seminal receptacles and accessory glands reported by
Sturtevant (1926, Jour. N.Y. Ent. Soc. 33:195-215; 34:1-21, pls. I-III) as that of
Straussia longipennis on page 215 and in fig. 7 on pl. I therefore evidently refer
to Euleia fratria (Loew ), the well-known leafminer of celery and other umbellifer-
ous plants —GrEorGE C. StEysKAL, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural
Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, c/o U.S. National Museum,
Washington, D.C. 20560.

EUARESTA RETICULATA (HENDEL), NEW COMBINATION
(DiererA: TEPHRITIDAE )

The species originally described as Trypanea reticulata Hendel, 1914, is ap-
parently fairly common in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. Apparently
it has never been reared, but it has been taken on the foliage of several economic
plants. It seems desirable to point out that the species is very similar to the type
of the genus Euaresta Loew, 1873 ( Trypeta festiva Loew, 1862), of North America,
and even more similar to another North American species, Euaresta aequalis
(Loew, 1862). Both of these species have been reared from Compositae.

Trypanea reticulata was referred to Plaumannimyia Hering, 1938 (type, P.
pallens Hering, 1938) by the author of that genus in 1941 and was retained
therein by Aczél, 1949 and Foote, 1967. Comparison of Ecuadorian and Colombian
specimens with Euaresta festiva and E. aequalis yields no distinguishing characters
of generic significance. Chaetotactic and alar characters agree well, but more
significantly, the male postabdomen has the broad, apically flattened and striate
conformation of Euaresta and the swollen forefemur of the males of Euaresta is
also present in reticulata. Examination of specimens of P. pallens will be necessary
in order to determine whether the genus Plaumannimyia is tenable. The genus was
compared by its describer with Paroxyna and no mention of Euaresta was made.
References to all pertinent literature may be found in M. Aczél (1949, Acta
Zool. Lilloana 7:177-328) and R. H. Foote (1967, A Catalogue of the Diptera
of the Americas South of the United States, Dept. Zool., Secr. Agr., Sao Paulo,
fasc. 57 )—GrorcrE C. Stryskan, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural
Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, c/o U.S. National Museum,
Washington, D.C. 20560.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 131

ON THE IDENTITY OF AGONOPHORUS DAHLBOM
(HYMENOPTERA: DIAPRIIDAE)

Dahlbom, in 1857 (Ofvers. Kongl. Vetensk-Akad., Férh. 14:289), briefly de-
scribed the genus Agonophorus although without including any species. In 1967
Dessart (Rec. So. Austral. Mus. 15:353) stated that on a visit to Lund he had
seen a specimen among Dahlbom’s unclassified material labeled “Agonophorus”
and that this specimen belonged in Ismarus Haliday, 1835 (Proctotrupoidea,
Diapriidae). Through the kindness of Dr. Carl H. Lindroth, of Lund University,
I have had the opportunity to examine three specimens placed by Dahlbom under
his generic label “Agonophorus” and identified by him, respectively, as “rugulosus
Foerst.” (described by Foerster in Ismarus), “campanulata Hal.” (the author
was actually Herrich-Schaeffer although the species was later treated by Haliday;
it is the type-species of Entomia Herrich-Schaeffer, 1840, which is a synonym of
Ismarus), and “flavicornis Thoms.” (described by Thomson in Entomia). In my
opinion all three specimens were correctly identified by Dahlbom, and in order that
the identity of Agonophorus may be definitely settled I am naming Ismarus
rugulosus Foerster its type-species. As indicated by Dessart, Agonophorus Dahlbom
must be treated as a junior synonym of Ismarus Haliday—Caru F. W. MUESEBECK,
Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560.

BOOK REVIEWS

The Classification, Evolution and Dispersal of the Winter Stonefly Genus
Allocapnia. By Herbert H. Ross and William E. Ricker. 1971. Illinois Biologi-
cal Monographs 45, University of Illinois Press, Urbana, Chicago, and London.
166 pp. Paperback $8.95.

One of the more interesting assemblages of insects in eastern North America
is that of the winter stoneflies. With the advent of fall their nymphal development
is rapidly completed and emergence takes place on warmer days during winter.
One often finds the adults of Allocapnia, a major element of this fauna, walking
on snow and ice in the vicinity of small rivers and brooks on warm winter days.

The authors have taken advantage of the propensity of over two hundred of
us who enjoy getting outdoors for a little collecting on a nice winter’s day. In
this manner 150,000 examples from 3,000 localities were accumulated in about
ten years. There is no doubt that this is one of the best documented attempts to
reconstruct the phylogeny and dispersal of a group of insects.

The first, systematic, part of the book explores the ancestry of the genus,
presents keys to the species for both sexes, and establishes species groups. Diag-
noses, figures of the male and female genitalia, and distributions with maps are
given for all species. From this point the authors then discuss in detail the phy-
logeny and geographic dispersal of the genus and species groups.

Finally the genus is treated from the standpoint of the geologic age of the
genus and its various dispersals. Considering the genus as a whole, its probable

132 PROG. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

ancestry is in common with that of the vidua group of Capnia and probably dates
to the late Pliocene. The authors conclude that the speciation pattern seems to be
associated with the alternation of cold glacial and warm interglacial periods of
the Pleistocene and similar events in late Pliocene —OLtver S. Fuint, Jr., Depart-
ment of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., 20560.

The Anthomyiidae of California Exclusive of the Subfamily Scatophaginae
(Diptera). By H. C. Huckett. 1971. Bulletin of the California Insect Survey,
vol. 12. University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London. 121
pp., 111 figs. $5.00.

The high quality of the Bulletins of the California Insect Survey is more than
amply maintained in this number. It is especially welcome as the first compre-
hensive work on the group for the western part of North America besides the
same author's work on the Muscidae (sensu latior) of northern Canada, Alaska,
and Greenland (1965, Mem. Ent. Soc. Canada, no. 42). I fully agree with
Huckett’s statement in the introduction of the new work: “. . . the literature
cited is notably inadequate for meeting the current needs of classification and
identification.”

Many of the species treated are found far beyond the limits of the State of
California. All of the North American subfamilies and tribes are keyed and in the
keys to 30 genera and subgenera only 8 of those found in the continent are not
included (Circia, Myopina, Pseudochirosia, Emmesomyia, Macrophorbia, Neo-
hylemyia, Hylemya subgenus Crinurina, and H. sg. Pycnoglossa). A total of 205
species and subspecies are treated. No new species are described and only 1 new
synonym is brought forth ( Alliopsis californiensis Huckett, 1966, under Hydrophoria
brunneifrons [Zetterstedt, 1838]), on p. 78. A misprint cites the date of the
Zetterstedt species as 1938.

Bulletin 12 will remain an important work on this highly economic family for a
long time—GrorcE C. StEysKAL, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural
Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, c/o U.S. National Museum,
Washington, D.C. 20560.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 133

SOCIETY MEETINGS

783rd Regular Meeting—December 10, 1970

The 783rd regular meeting of the Entomological Society of Washington was
called to order by President Krombein on December 10, 1970 at 8:00 p.m. in
Room 43, USNM. Thirty-seven members and 12 guests were in attendance.
Minutes of the previous meeting were approved after corrections.

Following the introduction of new member D. M. Caron, President Krombein
called for annual reports from Society officers. T. J. Spilman presented the trea-
surer’s report in the absence of treasurer A. K. Burditt. Editor P. Marsh presented
his report and those of D. Smith, corresponding secretary, and R. Gordon, custo-
dian. It was moved, seconded and carried that the reports be accepted.

Next, Nominating Committee Chairman G. L. Hutton presented the slate of
officers for 1971.

President Elect—C. W. Sabrosky
Recording Secretary—D. M. Caron
Corresponding Secretary—D. R. Smith
Treasurer—T. J. Spilman

Editor—P. M. Marsh

Custodian—R. D. Gordon

Program Chairman—F. E. Wood
Membership Chairman—H. I. Rainwater

It was moved, seconded and carried that the slate be accepted. There were no
nominations from the floor. It was moved, seconded and carried that the nomi-
nations be closed. Then it was moved, seconded and carried by unanimous vote
that the entire ballot be accepted.

Next, President Krombein read from the constitution concerning procedures for
the election of Honorary Members and the Honorary President. He stated the
Executive Committee had unanimously approved the nomination of Mr. Carl F.
W. Muesebeck for Honorary President of the Entomological Society of Washington.
This was moved, seconded and carried by unanimous vote of the members present.
Similarly, Dr. Avery Hoyt was unanimously approved by the Executive Committee
as a nominee for honorary membership. It was moved, seconded and carried by
unanimous vote of the members present. Dr. Hoyt was escorted to the podium by
L. G. Davis. He then thanked the Society for so honoring him.

The speaker of the evening, Dr. Karl Maramorosch, Boyce Thompson Institute
for Plant Research, Yonkers, New York, was introduced by President Krombein.
His talk entitled, Mycoplasma Diseases of Insects and Plants, was a fast-paced,
interesting, and well-illustrated summary of what is now known about the my-
coplasma-like organisms found in insects and plants.

The first note of the evening was presented by R. I. Sailer who exhibited 15
specimens of a new encyrtid parasite, Hexacladia sp., which emerged on September
8, 1970 from an adult female northern green stink bug, Acrosternum hilare (Say),
collected August 13, 1970 from a soybean field near Independence, Kansas. Two
more adult female northern green stink bugs collected at the same time died
December 10, 1970. One contained larvae and the other pupae of Hexacladia sp.
These 2 bugs may have been parasitized in the laboratory since they were exposed
to the encyrtids which emerged earlier.

adie

134 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

A. B. Gurney referred to a note given at the November meeting by Dr. Messer-
smith on a local mantid of the genus Tenodera which had eaten part of one of its
front legs. It has been found that in 1892 Riley & Howard (Insect Life 4:349)
called attention to reports of such occurrences by raptorial orthopteroids, and used
the term “self-multilation.” Chopard (Biologie des Orthopteres, Encycl. Ent. 20:
319-320) also has referred to this habit as occasionally seen, mainly in some
Tettigoniidae; he used the French word “autopsalize.”

Following the introduction of visitors, President Krombein presented the report
of the retiring president in which he thanked all who had helped make the past
year a success for the Society. Then, past presidents A. B. Gurney and R. H. Foote
escorted President Edson J. Hambleton to the podium where he was presented
the gavel by retiring President Karl Krombein. The meeting was adjourned by
President Hambleton at 9:50 p.m.

Respectfully submitted, JoHn A. DAavinson, Recording Secretary.

784th Regular Meeting—January 7, 1971

The 784th regular meeting of the Entomological Society of Washington was
called to order by president Edson J. Hambleton on January 7, 1971 at 8:00 P.M.
in Room 43, USNM. Fifty-six members and twenty-eight guests were in attendance.
Following introduction of the new recording secretary, D. M. Caron, the minutes
of the previous meeting were read and approved with one correction.

President Hambleton called upon Mr. Carl F. W. Muesebeck, new honorary
President of the Entomological Society of Washington. Honorary President Muese-
beck thanked the society for the honor.

President Hambleton next called upon Mrs. Helen Sollers-Riedel to discuss
highlights of the proposed amendments to the by-laws of the society circulated
at December 10, 1970 meeting in accord with Section 10 of the existing by-laws.
Following discussion it was moved and seconded that the proposed amendments be
accepted. The motion carried.

President Hambleton announced the members of the hospitality committee for
the coming year. Mrs. Sollers-Riedel will be chairman and Mrs. Doyle Reed, Mrs.
Alan Stone, Ted Bissell, Oliver Flint and George Steyskal complete the committee.
A sheet requesting name and telephone number of those who could help for
individual programs was circulated and a sealed envelope with $4.66 was passed
to the new chairman from T. J. Spilman.

The members were next informed of the passing of some dear friends and fellow
associates. President Hambleton and Mrs. Sollers-Reidel spoke on the passing
and many accomplishments of Dr. Bailey Pepper of Rutgers. Victor Adler an-
nounced the recent death of E. L. Gooden, Beltsville Physicist and John R. Keller
an Entomologist last located in Arizona. C. Sabrosky announced the passing of
€hille Carpenter, a retired Librarian at the Museum.

H. I. Rainwater, membership chairman presented the names of Ronald Sterne
Wilkinson and Charles Van Orden Covell, Jr. for membership.

President Hambleton introduced the speaker for the evening, immediate past
President Karl Krombein. Dr. Krombein presented excellent slides of plant and
wildlife of Kenya during his recent 5 week visit to that country to secure insect
specimens for the Smithsonian. Dr. Krombein also illustrated the collection of a
fungus growing termite nest for the public display of the Museum. He also had
available for closer inspection the reproductives chamber, a portion of the fungus

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 135

chamber and comb and preserved specimens of the queen, king and other members
of the nest.

The first note of the evening was from T. J. Spilman who introduced the mem-
bers to a new book “Directory of Coleoptera collections of North America (Canada
Panama)” prepared by Ross H. Arnett, Jr. and G. Allan Samuelson.

R. I. Sailer showed a large adult bug Acanthocephala terminalis Dallas that he
collected as a nymph November 6 in Georgia; of special note was the size of a
tachinid fly pupa that emerged from the still living adult. This was first noted
January 5.

Dr. E. Gerberg next offered larvae, pupae and adult specimens of an African
mosquito Toxorhynchites brevipalpis. He indicated that this was a predaceous
species and that it would not bite.

G. Steyskal offered a drawing of a new sepsid fly species of undescribed genus
that probably represents a new subfamily.

Following the introduction of several guests the meeting was adjourned at 10
P.M. by President Hambleton. Refreshments were served.

Respectfully submitted, DEwry M. Caron, Recording Secretary.

785th Regular Meeting—February 4, 1971

The 785th regular meeting of the Entomological Society of Washington was
called to order by president Edson J. Hambleton on February 4, 1971 at 8:00 P.M.
in Room 43, USNM. Thirty-six members and sixteen guests were in attendance
on a stormy evening. The minutes of the previous meeting were read and approved
with a correction. President Hambleton opened the meeting by thanking those
members who volunteered their services to the hospitality committee for a future
meeting. He also requested that persons presenting notes and specimens at meeting
prepare their remarks to aid the recording secretary, maintain accuracy and to
help insure that meeting minute corrections are kept to a minimum.

The speaker for the evening, Dr. Donald Messersmith, Associate Professor of
Entomology at the University of Maryland was introduced by President Hambleton.
Dr. Messersmith presented a well illustrated account of his 1969 nature tour of
Colombia, South America. Some of the 2000 plus specimens collected on the
trip were demonstrated and several were projected on closed circuit television.
Dr. Messersmith also demonstrated the use of the television for teaching purposes
at the University.

Dr. Bickley presented the first note for the evening. He reported that J. B.
Dimond has an interesting report entitled “The Periodical Literature Used by
Entomologists” in the Bulletin of the Entomological Society of Canada 2(4):110-
112, December 1970. The frequency of citation of periodicals may indicate those
that are most used and probably the most important periodical resources in a given
field. Dr. Dimond searched the reference lists in all papers published in the 1969
volumes of the Canadian Entomologist, the Journal of Economic Entomology and
the Annals of the Entomological Society of America. There were 6,955 citations
encompassing 770 periodicals. The journals just mentioned were cited most. In
fourth and fifth places were Nature and the Journal of Insect Physiology. The
Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington placed tenth.

R. I. Sailer next continued his note from the January meeting. Dr. Sailer re-
ported that an adult tachinid fly identified by Sabrosky as Tricopoda lanipes
emerged from the pupae January 28; the specimen was exhibited. The adult bug

136 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

that served as host for this fly, Acanthocephala terminalis Dallas, remained alive.
Both the host bug and the fly parasite have similar ranges according to Dr. Sailer;
other species also serve as hosts for the fly.

Dr. R. Mitchell pointed out two different color patterns and color sequences of
Monarch butterfly caterpillars. Although the larval patterns were different, the
emerging adults appeared to represent just the single species Danaus plexippus.
On close examination a Monarch chrysalis revealed a small fly standing on the
chrysalis.

Frank Campbell offered a report on three past presidents and a new book. He
complimented past President Helene Sollers-Riedel on having caused the complete
list of past presidents of Ent. Soc. Wash. to be published on page 512 of the
December 1970 Proceedings.

The three earliest living past presidents, with whom he had talked recently,
can no longer attend meetings of the Society. He wanted to remind younger mem-
bers of these distinguished retirees. They are as follows:

(1) John E. Graf (81), President 1929 and 1930.

Known in entomology for leadership in truck crop insect pest research in
Bureau of Entomology, USDA.

Retired 1958 as Assit. Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.

Health fair, would welcome visitors at his D.C. residence.

(2) Bennett A. Porter (78), President 1935.

Known in entomology for leadership in fruit and vegetable insect pest re-
search. Honorary member ESA.

Retired 1962 as Chief, Fruit and Vegetable Insect Research Branch, ERD,
ARS.

Health fair, vision impaired, would welcome visitors at his Silver Spring
residence.

(3) Stanley B. Fracker (81), President 1936.

Known in entomology for early research on Lepidoptera, later administra-
tion of plant quarantine and control activities. Moved away from ento-
mology to high-level administration and foreign advisory assignments in
the USDA and National Academy of Sciences.

Retired 1961 from NAS.

Health broken, he must receive care in a D.C. nursing home. Visiting not
advisable.

Dr. Campbell also called attention to a new book, “Insect Ultrastructure,” a
1970 report of a symposium of the Royal Entomological Society of London. It is
well-illustrated with scanning and non-scanning electronmicrographs.

Dr. C. Sabrosky asked that members hold June 3 for the annual get together
to be called an annual banquet.

Following introduction of guests including a number of Entomology students
from Maryland the meeting was adjourned at 10 P.M. Refreshments were served.

Respectfully submitted, DEwry M. Caron, Recording Secretary.

786th Regular Meeting—March 4, 1971

The 786th regular meeting of the Entomological Society of Washington was
called to order by President Edson J. Hambleton on March 4, 1971 in Room 43,
U.S.N.M. Thirty nine members and twenty guests were in attendance.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 137

The meeting was opened with a call for the presentation of notes and exhibitions
of specimens. Dr. W. W. Wirth exhibited and briefly discussed walking sticks
parasitized by ceratopogonid midges. The “stick ticks” as they are called remain on
the walking sticks until the eggs are fully developed.

With the arrival of the recording secretary and speaker the minutes of the
previous meeting were read and approved. Three names were presented for mem-
bership. The proposed members were Aubrey G. Scarbrough of Towson State
College, Russell M. DeCoursey of University of Connecticut and Manya B. Stoetzel
of University of Maryland.

President Hambleton and Dr. Sabrosky provided information on an advance
notices on an International Congress of Systematic and Evolutionary Biology. The
meeting to take place in Boulder, Colorado is projected for 1973.

President Hambleton discussed the Society participation in 6 area High School
Science fairs. Judges will be appointed to examine the entries and select those
exhibits to be presented to the membership. President Hambleton also announced
the Nominating Committee members and asked that members having suggestions
for next years officers present them to the committee. The committee consists of
A. B. Gurney, L. Davis and A. K. Burditt.

President Hambleton introduced the speaker, Dr. Carl W. Rettenmeyer. An
abstract follows of his talk.

Adaptations of Arthropods for Living Among Army Ants.—Although army
ants of the subfamily Dorylinae have a reputation as highly aggressive and car-
nivorous ants, they also have a greater number of arthropods living with them than
any similar size group of ants. This apparent paradox can be partially explained
by a combination of behavioral-ecological features of the army ants and numerous
adaptations of the myrmecophiles or ant-guests. The Neotropical army ants have
the following ecological characteristics: (1) very large colonies ranging from
about 50,000 to over one million adults, (2) the food of the adults and larvae is
almost completely arthropods, (3) broods are large and periodic or synchronized
in age and development, (4) colonies are nomadic with most emigrations occurring
when a colony has a brood of larvae, (5) worker ants are blind or can see only
differences in light intensity, (6) chemical trails are followed whenever the ants
leave the nest, (7) new colonies are found only by division of previous army ants
colonies, and (8) most army ants species have a large geographical range.

The main evolutionary trends among the myrmecophilous arthropods primarily
fall into two categories: (1) defensive adaptations to avoid attacks by their ant
hosts, and (2) adaptations for emigrating with the ants. There is little evidence
that any of the guests are beneficial to the ants. However, most guests have
probably evolved from harmful predators to inquilines with decreasing effects on
their hosts —CarL W. RETTENMEYER.

Presentation of notes and exhibitions of specimens continued following questions
for Dr. Rettenmeyer. Kellie O'Neill exhibited alligator weed thrips introduced into

this country from Argentina and now used in Florida for control of alligator weed.
Adult specimens were described and their life history outlined.

Miss Louise Russell exhibited a protective device for tiny pinned insects such
as psyllids. The device devised by Mr. A. L. Capener consists of a gelatin capsule
with block arranged in such a manner as to enclose the insect when complete yet
provide adequate viewing of the specimen.

138 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972

During introduction of guests, Dr. Carl B. Huffaker, of the University of Cali-
fornia, spoke about some developments in Entomology. He announced a multi-
disciplinary approach to crop pests in the IBP. Six areas will receive attention to
develop integrated control programs aimed at all pests in an effort to reduce the
pesticide load. The six areas are cotton, soybeans, citrus, pome & stone fruits,
alfalfa and pine forests. Dr. Huffaker also announced establishment of a training
program and an international center of biological control with NSF & Ford Founda-
tion monies. Two other subjects discussed were efforts to convert some of the
military facilities of Pine Bluff, Ark. & Ft. Dietrich, Md. into laboratories to study
the pathogens of insect pests and AID programs of integrated control in developing
countries.

The meeting closed at 10 P.M. Refreshments were served.

Respectfully submitted, DEwry M. Caron, Recording Secretary.

787th Regular Meeting—April 1, 1971

The 787th regular meeting of the Entomological Society of Washington was
called to order by President Edson J. Hambleton on April Fool’s Day in Room 43,
USNM. Thirty four members and 19 guests were in attendance. Minutes were
read and approved.

Dr. Wood announced that R. Gagné and T. Bissell comprise the remaining mem-
bers of the program committee.

Dr. Sabrosky of the By-Laws committee distributed notification of proposed
changes of By-Laws unanimously approved by the Executive committee. He ex-
plained the proposed changes and fielded questions on them.

Membership Chairman Rainwater presented three names for membership. They
were Mike L. Williams of Maryland State Board of Agriculture, George L. Godfrey
of Univ. of Illinois and William L. Peters of Florida A&M.

Dr. Sabrosky announced the annual dinner (banquet) June 3 at Interstate Inn.
A buffet dinner is planned and will cost $5.75. Dr. Clifford Berg will address the
group on snail killing flies; L. Davis will be toastmaster.

New member Manya B. Stoetzel was presented to the membership.

President Hambleton introduced the speaker for the evening, Dr. Jack Colvard
Jones of the Entomology Department, University of Maryland. An abstract of his
talk follows.

The Sexual Behavior of Aedes aegypti (L.).—A brief review of our knowledge
concerning the sexual behavior of mosquitoes, with special reference to A. aegypti,
was presented. The major topics included (1) the anatomy of the reproductive
system, (2) changes in behavior with age of males and females, and (3) types
of sexual behavior. The differences in findings obtained with forced mating and
cage mating were contrasted.—J. C. JONEs.

Mrs. Helen Sollers-Riedel announced passage of a birthday card for Mr. Fischer
for his 93rd birthday. Interested persons were asked to sign.

Dr. Karl Krombein had a series of slides on the cicada emergence of 1970. The
series depicted the emergence of the adult from the nymphal skin and the first
two larval stages.

As evidence that it is still alive and thriving Dr. R. I. Sailer again exhibited the
male Acanthocephala terminalis that he showed the Society at its Jan. 7, 1971
meeting. A tachinid, Trichopoda lanipes had issued from this correid bug on Jan.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 1, MARCH, 1972 139

5, 1971. Dr. Sailer hopes to determine whether the bug is reproductively functional
and asked that anyone finding a female of this species make it available to him
alive.

Dr. John Davidson displayed a copy of Fauna, The Zoological Magazine, a new
magazine devoted to natural history. He especially drew attention to an article on
blood sucking Malayan moths.

President Hambleton demonstrated a copy of “A List of the Aphids of District
of Columbia, Maryland & Virginia” by society members Leonard and Bissell.

President Hambleton read a letter from W. Murdock of the Entomological
Society of America regarding the Registry of Certified Entomologists. President
Hambleton also read a notice regarding letters and a reception honoring the
retirement of Dr. George Langford of Md. State Board of Agriculture.

Following introduction of guests and thanking of the refreshments committee
the meeting adjourned at 9:50. Refreshments were served.

Respectfully submitted, DEwEyY M. Caron, Recording Secretary.

788th Regular Meeting—May 6, 1971

The 788th regular meeting of the Entomological Society of Washington was
called to order by President Edson J. Hambleton on May 6, 1971 in Room 43,
USNM. Thirty-six members and 19 guests were in attendance. Minutes of the
April meeting were read and approved.

Dr. Sabrosky on behalf of the By Laws Committee explained the proposed
changes of the By Laws and the reasons for actions of the committee. It was
moved and seconded that the proposed changes be voted on in total. Passed. After
a discussion of other business it was moved that the By Law changes as presented
at the last meeting be approved. Passed.

Dr. Sailer, representing membership Chairman Rainwater presented 3 names for
membership. They were: Anatoliy I. Smetnik, Agricultural Attaché of the USSR
Embassy in Washington, Norman Lin, Brooklyn, N.Y. and Eric J. Kitely of
Quebec, Canada.

Dr. Sabrosky presented a pep talk for the annual banquet. Tickets, according
to R. Gagné, ticket chairman, are now available at the announced ticket outlets.

President Hambleton introduced the 3 science fair winners who had brought
their exhibits to the meeting. Mr. Steven Lee, an 8th grader at Kenmore Jr. High
School, Arlington, was a northern Virginia winner. His exhibit was entitled
“Butterflies and Moths.” Mr. Lee explained his data collection and care of silk-
moth cocoons. He also highlighted his exhibit that included native and exotic
butterfly specimens and sections on protective coloration and the butterfly life
cycle.

Wayne Spong, Jr., a 9th grader at Greenbelt Junior High was a Prince George’s
junior class winner. His exhibit entitled “A Study in Apiculture” was richly ap-
pointed with aspects of the life cycle of the bee and included an observation bee
hive. Mr. Spong outlined the biology of the 3 castes and explained some of the
features of his exhibit.

Richard L. Taylor, a 10th grader at Gwynn Park Senior High presented his
exhibit entitled “The Interaction Between Fruit Flies.” Mr. Taylor explained
his experimental technique using a white eye mutant and wild type fruit flies
Drosophila melanogaster. He discussed his results which favored the white eyed

140 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, No. 1, MARCH, 1972
> > > >

type when competition was present and offered a possible hypothesis. He also
highlighted his exhibit.

President Hambleton presented all exhibitors with a hand lens and offered
words of encouragement towards further educational development in science. All
exhibits were viewed before and after the program by members and guests.

President Hambleton introduced the speaker for the evening Dr. James R.
Brazzel of USDA, ARS. Dr. Brazzel spoke about the Pest Management Program.
He discussed the background of the federal Pest Management Program and
presented several aspects considered to be directly within Agriculture. He out-
lined the scouting programs on tobacco in North Carolina and cotton in Arizona
that have been funded. He indicated some of the problems encountered and
spoke of the future promise for the program.

Ted Bissell presented the first note of the evening passing a vial of thousands
of maggots collected from oak willow catkins. He noted that this was the third
year that thousands of the tiny insects had covered his car. He felt his car would
not be adversely affected but wondered about the tree.

T. J. Spilman announced the passing of Mr. Warren S. Fisher. Mr. Fisher had
received a birthday card signed by members at the April meeting and acknowledged
the card in a beautiful handwritten card.

Following introduction of guests, including the families of the exhibitors, the
meeting was adjourned at 9:45 P.M. Refreshments were served.

Respectfully submitted, Dewrey M. Caron, Recording Secretary.

789th Regular Meeting—June 3, 1971

The 789th regular meeting of the Entomological Society of Washington was
the annual spring banquet. One hundred thirty-five members and guests gathered
at the Interstate Inn in College Park, June 3 to enjoy an excellent buffet cocktail
hour and dinner. Lou Davis served admirably as toastmaster.

Dr. Clifford O. Berg, Cornell University, presented the program feature with an
illustrated talk on snail killing flies. Dr. Berg featured South American studies of
life history and biology of the flies and spoke of the important aspect of control of
the number one world health problem, Schistosomiasis.

One piece of business included the second reading of names for membership of
Anatoliy I. Smetnik, Norman Lin and Eric J. Kitely and the first reading of Bill
Seal of Plant Protection, ARS.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Information for Contributors

Publication in the Proceedings is reserved for members only. Publication of
papers by non-members may be obtained after acceptance at a cost to the author
of $25.00 per printed page. Regular papers are published in approximately the
order that they are received. Manuscripts should not exceed 30 typewritten pages
including illustrations (approx. 15 printed pages). Excess pages beyond 15 per
article will be charged to the author at the rate of $25.00 per page. Papers of less
Ne printed page may be published as space is available at the end of longer
articles.

Manuscripts for publication, proof and other editorial matters should be
addressed to the Editor (for address, see inside front cover of this issue).

Typing—All manuscripts must be typed on bond paper with double-spacing and
ample margins. Carbon copies or copies on paper larger than 8% x 11 inches
are not acceptable. Do not use all capitals for any purpose. Underscore only
where italics are intended in the body of the text, not in headings. Number all
pages consecutively. References to footnotes in the text should be numbered
consecutively and typed on a separate sheet.

First page—The page preceding the text of the manuscript should include (1)
the complete title, (2) the order and family in parentheses, (3) the author’s
name or names, (4) the institution with city, state and zip code or the author’s
home city, state and zip code if not affiliated, (5) in the upper left hand
corner, the complete name and address to which proof is to be sent.

Abstract—All manuscripts, including notes of one page or less, must be accom-
panied by an abstract suitable for publication. The abstract must be typed
on a separate sheet following the title page, should be brief (not more than
3% of the original), and written in whole sentences, not telegraphic phrases.

Names and descriptions of organisms—The first mention of a plant or animal
should include the full scientific name with the author of a zoological name
not abbreviated. Descriptions of taxa should be in telegraphic style.

References—Citations in the text of papers longer than one printed page should
be by author and date and should refer to a list of concluding RerERENcEs listed
alphabetically. See a recent issue of the Proceedings for style of references.
In shorter articles, references to literature should be included in parentheses
in the text.

Illustrations—No extra charge is made for line drawings or halftones. Authors
must plan their illustrations for reduction to the dimensions of the printed page
and the individual figures must be mounted on suitable board. Proportions of
full-page illustrations should closely approximate 4545 X 6” (26 x 36 picas); this
usually allows explanatory matter to appear on the same page. On the back of
each illustration should be stated (1) the title of the paper, (2) the author’s
complete name and address, and (3) the number of the illustration such as
“No. 1 (of 3)” etc. Figures should be numbered consecutively. Plates will be
returned only at the author’s request and expense.

Figure legends—Legends should be typewritten double-spaced on separate
pages headed ExpLANATION OF FicurREs and placed following REFERENCES. Do
not attach legends to illustrations.

Proofs and reprints—Proofs and a reprint order will be sent to the authors by the
printer with explicit instructions for their return. All changes in proof (except
printer’s and editorial errors ) will be charged to the author.

Page charges—All regular papers of more than one page will be charged at the
rate of $10.00 per printed page. Immediate publication may be obtained at the
rate of $25.00 per printed page. These charges are in addition to those for
reprints. Member authors who are retired or not affiliated with an institution
may request to have page charges waived. Charges made for immediate publica-
tion or to non-members will not be waived.

Acceptance of papers is based only on their scientific merit without regard to
the author’s financial support.

CONTENTS

(Continued from front cover)

GODFREY, G. L.—The last instar caterpillars of Oxycilla tripla Grote and
Colobochyla interpuncta (Grote) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

HERRING, J. L.—A new species of Neoborella from dwarf mistletoe in
Colorado (Hemiptera: Miridae)

KINGSOLVER, J. M.—Lectotype designations for some Bruchidae described
by Erichson from South America (Coleoptera )

LEONARD, M. D.—Aphids in a yellow water-pan in Haddonfield, New

LEONARD, M. D., H. G. WALKER and L. ENARI—Host plants of aphids
collected at the Los Angeles State and County Arboretum during 1966
and 1967 (Homoptera: Aphididae)

MUESEBECK, C. F. W.—On the identity of Agonophorus Dahlbom (Hy-
menoptera: Diapriidae )

PRICE, D. W.—A new species of Acaropsella Volgin from the nest of a
turkey vulture (Acarina: Cheyletidae)

SABROSKY, C. W.—The case of the elusive author

SABROSKY, C. W. and B. H. BRAUN—Parasitism of milkweed beetles,
Tetraopes (Diptera: Tachinidae—Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

SMILEY, R. L.—A review of the genus Daidalotarsonemus Deleon ( Acarina:
Tarsonemidae )

SMITH, D. R—A new Gilpinia from China (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) —
STEYSKAL, G. C.—An unusual habit for a fly of the family Ephydridae __-

STEYSKAL, G. C.—A correction to Sturtevant’s paper on the seminal recep-
tacles, etc., of the Diptera, 1926

STEYSKAL, G. C.—Euaresta reticulata (Hendel), new combination (Dip-
tera: Tephritidae)

TOWNES, H.—The function of the eye stalks in Diopsidae (Diptera)
WHEELER, G. C. and J. WHEELER—The subfamilies of Formicidae

ZAVORTINK, T. J.—A new subgenus and species of Megandrena from
Nevada, with notes on its foraging and mating behavior (Hymenoptera:
Andrenidae )

NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS CONCERNING PAGE CHARGES
BOOK REVIEWS
SOCIETY MEETINGS

Vol. 74 E JUNE 1972 No. 2

PROCEEDINGS

of the

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
ofp WASHINGTON

DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20560

PUBLISHED QUARTERLY
VL HSONIZN
ait! a

J sry

wt

ay aa | 8 Wy ae
{ Wf

. CONTENTS NS CiBRARIE aw
| FISK, F. W. and A. B. GURNEY—Synopsis of the Neotropical cockroaches
of the genus Nesomylacris (Dictyoptera: Blattaria: Blattellidae) 196

FRANCLEMONT, J. G.—Notes on species of North American Leucania with
the description on a new species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Hadeninae) 141

GODFREY, G. L.—The last instar caterpillar of Thioptera nigrofimbria
(G@uenes) (epidoptera: Noctuidae) (08 2 es 181

HUANG, YIAU-MIN—Lectotype designation for Aedes (Stegomyia) galloisi
Yamada with a note on its assignment to the scutellaris group of species
(EPI tera cm CusiCIae ) ie 2 eee A Da ee ae ee ee 253

KINGSOLVER, J. M.—Synopsis of the genus Stator Bridwell in the West
Indies, with descriptions of new species (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

LAROCHELLE, A.—Notes on Bembidion rolandi Fall (Coleoptera: Carabi-

LIN, NORMAN—Territorial behavior among males of the social wasp Polistes
exclamans Viereck (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) —_----------------------------- 148

MESSERSMITH, D. H.—A new species of Culicoides from Colombia ( Dip-
Tora TE WeratapOROnidae)) eta i A A ee ee es 165

SLATER, J. A.—Sweetolethaeus, a new genus of Lethaeini from South Africa,
with the description of two new species, one from termite nests (Hemip-
(ese OL ETT coef el Co FY) fat Ca ad ce ee NO ete UENCE a MPR LCL BLO OMB LP UR 155

(Continued on back cover)

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF WASHINGTON

ORGANIZED Marcy 12, 1884

OFFICERS FOR 1972

Curtis W. Sasrosky, President Paut M. Marsu, Editor
Artuur K. Buroitt, Jr., President-Elect Rosert D. Gornvon, Custodian
Dewey M. Canon, Recording Secretary F, EuGENE Woop, Program Chairman
Davin R. SmitH, Corresponding Secretary H. Ivan RAINWATER, Membership Chairman
THEODORE J. SPILMAN, Treasurer REECE I. SartErR, Delegate, Wash. Acad. Sci.

All correspondence concerning Society business should be mailed
to the appropriate officer at the following address:
Entomological Society of Washington
c/o Department of Entomology

Smithsonian Institution
Washington, D. C. 20560

Honorary President
C. F. W. MvurESEBECK

Honorary Members
FREDERICK W. Poos
ERNEstT N. Cory
AvEryY S. Hoyt

MEETINGS.—Regular meetings of the Society are held in Room 43, Natural History Building, Smithsonian
Institution, on the first Thursday of each month from October to June, inclusive, at 8 P.M. Minutes of meetings
are published regularly in the Proceedings.

MEMBERSHIP.—Members shall be persons who have demonstrated interest in the science of entomology.
Annual dues for members are $6.00 (U.S. currency).

PROCEEDINGS.—Published quarterly beginning with March by the Society at Washington, D.C. Members in
good standing are entitled to the Proceedings free of charge. Nonmember subscriptions are $8.00 per year,
both domestic and foreign (U.S. currency), payable in advance. All remittances should be made payable to
The Entomological Society of Washington.

The Society does not exchange its publications for those of other societies.

STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP

Title of Publication: Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington.
Frequency of Issue: Quarterly (March, June, September, December).

Location of Office of Publication, Business Office of Publisher and Owner: The Entomological Society of
Washington, c/o Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560

Editor: Dr. Paul M. Marsh, same address as above.
Managing Editor and Known Bondholders or other Security Holders: none.

EEE

This issue was mailed June 30, 1972

Second Class Postage Paid at Lawrence, Kansas, U. S. A. 66044

ALLEN PRESS, INC. enn reo LAWRENCE, KANSAS 66044
US. &

PROCEEDINGS OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Vol. 74 JUNE 1972 No. 2

NOTES ON SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN LEUCANIA WITH THE
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES
(LepmoprERA: NocrumpAE: HADENINAE )!

Joun G. FRANCLEMONT, Department of Entomology,
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850

ABSTRACT—Leucania juncicola Guenée, 1852, is placed as a synonym of
Leucania scirpicola Guenée, 1852, and Leucania adjuta (Grote), 1874, heretofore
regarded as a synonym of L. juncicola, is confirmed as a valid species. Leucania
infatuans is described as a new species; in the past it had been confused with
L. adjuta (olim juncicola).

When Kimball was working on the lepidoptera of Florida for the
“Arthropods of Florida and Neighboring Land Areas,” I furnished
him with determinations in some groups; one of which was the genus
Leucania. Since that time I have had occasion to review the identifica-
tions of some of the species, and in one instance, I have come to a dif-
ferent conclusion. At the time I first noticed that the “species” we were
calling Leucania juncicola was actually two very distinct species, I
thought that juncicola Guenée could be applied to one of the species
and adjuta Grote to the other. This proves not to be possible because
the name juncicola was misapplied by J. B. Smith.

Leucania adjuta (Grote)

Heliophila adjuta Grote, 1874. Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. 2:158. Type locality:
“Alabama.”

Following Smith, 1893, p. 188, this species was erroneously treated
as a synonym of Leucania juncicola Guenée. Smith based his conclu-
sions on a specimen for which Walker, 1856, p. 96, gave the data as,
“a. United States. Presented by E. Doubleday, Esq.” Walker only
questionably determined the specimen as a variety of juncicola. Butler,
1890, p. 661, associated Grote’s type of adjuta with the specimen that
Walker had considered a possible variety of juncicola, and he wrote,
“The true juncicola seems to be very closely allied to, if distinct from,

1TImmediate publication secured by full payment of page charges—Editor.

142 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

L. scirpicola.” Smith, during a visit to the British Museum, somehow
concluded that the Doubleday specimen had been seen by Guenee,
and he refers to it, 1893, p. 188, as “apparently determined by Guenée.”
Smith further states, “The specimen agrees well with the description
[juncicola] and may, I think, be fairly considered as as representative
of juncicola which, then, is the same as adjuta.” It is difficult to under-
stand how Smith could have made this statement. He could not have
made a critical comparison between the original description of juncicola
and the species that he identified as juncicola. Hampson, 1905, p. 532,
made no mention of the Doubleday specimen in his list of specimens of
Cirphis juncicola in the British Museum (Natural History); however,
he accepted the synonymy of adjuta with juncicola. As of this moment,
I have not been able to trace the specimen, but Hampson may have
moved it to the series of another species.

It is surprising that no worker in the past considered Butler's com-
ment and made a study of Guenée’s description of juncicola and speci-
mens of the species identified as such. If they had, they would have
realized that Guenée was too knowledgeable a lepidopterist to have de-
scribed a species of the general appearance of scirpicola immediately
after a species with a forewing pattern very similar to, almost identical
with, that of Leucania humidicola Guenée, and to have said that that
species, scirpicola, was extremely similar in markings to juncicola.
(“Elle est extrémement voisine de la Juncicola por les dessins; .. . .”)

The characters given by Guenée in his description of juncicola and
which preclude the application of that name to either the species iden-
tified as adjuta or the new species described herein are: 1) the color,
yellowish-gray, color of dried reed (“gris-jaunatre ou couleur de roseau
desséché, ... .”); the present species has the forewing similar to that
of pallens and humidicola; 2) the fine black flecks (atoms ); this species
has no such flecking of black scales nor does the new species; 3) the
median vein black; it is white with a brownish shade below in this
species! 4) a small, oblong, white spot in the blackish shade; this spe-
cies has a black dot at the end of the cell; 5) hindwing dirty white
without border or dusky tint (even in the female); the photographs
of the moths show that both adjuta and the new species have some of
the veins of the hindwing infuscate, and the general color in the new
species is pearly white and in adjuta light to dark fuscous, especially
toward the outer margin; 6) two lateral lines of black scales on the
ventral surface of the abdomen; there are no such lines in either adjuta
or the new species. All the characters given by Guenée are present in
the species identified as scirpicola by American workers.

Leucania adjuta occurs from northern Florida to eastern Texas and
north to the Carolinas; it strays, at least, as far north as Cape Cod in
the fall. I have taken it at Arlington, Virginia from the 31st of August

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 143

to the first of November. In southern Alabama I took it from the 13th
of March to the 16th of April in 1943 and in coastal South Carolina as
early as the latter half of March.

Leueania infatuans, n. sp.

Leucania juncicola Kimball (nec Guenée), 1965. The Lepidoptera of Florida,
Arthropods of Florida and Neighboring Land Areas, 1: 91, pl. 12, fig. 11.

This species is very similar to, and closely related to, Leucania
humidicola Guenée, 1852; it differs from that species by its larger size
and the more or less evident marginal infuscation and the dark scales
on the outerhalf of some of the veins of the hindwing. In the United
States it has been confused with adjuta, but it differs from that species
in the brighter tint of yellow of the forewing and the white ground
color of the hindwing. In adjuta the ground color of the hindwing is
distinctly fuscous, and the veins are more extensively dark scaled.

Description: Head with palpal segments one and two light brown on outer-side
and with a heavy scattering of black scales, third segment black below, inner side
whitish; front with a broad band of light brown scales on lower third, above this
a band of whitish scales, then a narrow band of brown scales followed by a nar-
row band of yellowish scales; vertex yellow with brown scales between the an-
tennae. Thorax with collar (patagia) yellow with four conspicuous lines of black
scales tipped with white, lower most line least conspicuous and basally pinkish
brown; behind collar a mid dorsal tuft of pinkish brown, white tipped scales;
tegulae and disk of thorax yellow, former with a few black scales. Forewings
light, straw yellow with some reddish brown reflections in some lights; t. p. line
indicated on costa by black scales and at least by black scale dots on Mz and Cus,
often by vague indications of a few black scales on some of the other veins; median
vein (Cu) white to end of cell, a brown shade with some conspicuous black scales
below median vein, a black dot below median vein, a little beyond middle of cell,
and another black dot at the end of the white line on the median vein; a vague
dark shade from apex to end of cell at veins Me, Ms, and Cu; terminal black dots
between some of the veins; veins white with narrow lines of reddish brown scales
on both sides. Hindwing somewhat hyaline, pearly white and sometimes with a
slight dusky cast; a fuscous terminal line and black dots between the veins; at
least some of the veins with dark scaling on the outer half. Lower surface of
wings shining white; a black dot on costa at inception of t. p. line; disk of fore-
wing light reddish; a blackish line below subcosta; terminal black dots between
the veins on both forewing and hindwing.

Male genitalia as figured; similar to those of humidicola, but differing in the
longer, more linear uncus and in the broader cucullus of the valve; the armature
of the vesica very similar to humidicola, but differing in the greater number of
cornuti in the two clusters of heavy cornuti. The male genitalia of adjuta have
a long, linear cucullus and a subquadrate clasper plate instead of ligulate one;
the vesica of adjuta is armed with only two or three stout cornuti with blunt,
rounded apices.

)

144 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

-—————
10 mm

Fics. 1-2. Leucania infatuans, n. sp.: 1, HOLOTYPE, male, Oneco, Manatee
Co., Florida, 21 March 1957, J. G. Franclemont (Franclemont Collection); 2,
paratype, female, same data as holotype. Figs. 3-5. L. adjuta Grote: 3, male,
Camp Rucker, Ozark, Alabama, 16 April 1943, J. G. Franclemont (Franclemont
Collection); 4, male, Arlington, Virginia, 19 October 1950, J. G. Franclemont
(Franclemont Collection); 5, male, Wedge Plantation, McCellanville, Charleston
Co., South Carolina, 12 October 1968, reared ex ovo, J. G. Franclemont (Francle-
mont Collection). Fig. 6. L. scirpicola Guenée, male, Oneco, Manatee Co.,

Florida, 20 March 1955, J. G. Franclemont (Franclemont Collection ).

Female genitalia of typical form for the genus; similar to humidicola, but with
the ductus bursae two and one-half times as long as in that species and with the
appendix bursae more massive. In adjuta the ductus bursae is about two-thirds
as long as that in infatuans and the appendix bursae arises from just below the
middle of the ductus bursae; both ductus bursae and appendix bursae less massive
than in infatuans.

PROG. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 145

Fics. 7-8. Leucania infatuans, n. sp.: 7, male genitalia with aedoeagus re-
moved, Oneco, Manatee Co., Florida, 22 May 1953, reared ex ovo, J. G. Francle-
mont, slide JGF 3508; 8, aedoeagus of male genitalia, slide JGF 3508.

TYPE: Male. Oneco, Manatee County, Florida, 21 March 1957,
J. G. Franclemont (Franclemont Collection ).

PARATYPES. 27 males and 41 females. Oneco, Manatee County,
Florida, 21 March—-4 April, 1953-1957, J. G. Franclemont. 31 males

ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

146 PROC.

Fics. 9-10. Leucania humidicola Guenée: 9, male genitalia with aedoeagus
removed, Moengo, Boven, Cottica R., Surinam, May 14, 1927, Cornell Univ. Lot
760 Sub 49, slide JGF C625 (Cornell University Collection); 10, aedoeagus of
male genitalia, slide JGF C625. Figs. 11-12. L. adjuta Grote: 11, male genitalia
with aedoeagus removed, Camp Rucker, Ozark, Alabama, 15 March 1943, J. G.
Franclemont, slide JGF 2430; 12, aedoeagus of male genitalia, slide JGF 2430.

and 27 females. Oneco, Manatee County, Florida, 19-25 May, 1953.
Reared from ova, larvae fed on Dactylis glomerata L., J. G. Francle-
mont (Franclemont Collection). Paratypes will be distributed to other

collections.
Other specimens are before me from as far south as Florida City,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 147

Dade County, Florida and as far north as Elfers, Pasco County, Florida.
The species appears to be limited to the southern two-thirds of pen-
insular Florida.

Leucania scirpicola Guenée

Leucania scirpicola Guenée, 1852. Histoire Naturelle des Insectes, Species Général
des Lépidoptéres, vol. 5 (Noctuélites vol. 1), p. 84.
Type locality: “Floride. Coll. Doubleday. Amérique boréale. Coll. Bdv. Deux

Ou

Leucania juncicola Guenée, 1852. Histoire Naturelle des Insectes, Species Général
des Lépidoptéres, vol. 5 (Noctuélites, vol. 1), p. 83. NEW SYNONYM.
Type locality: “Amérique septentrionale. Coll. Bdv. Une 92.”

Leucania pendens Smith, 1905. Can. Ent. 37:66.
Type locality: “Chokaloskee, Florida.”

Leucania calpota Smith, 1908. Jour. New York Ent. Soc. 16:95.
Type locality: “Harris County, Texas.”

The type of Leucania juncicola is apparently lost. There is no record
that it was present in the Boisduval collection when Charles Oberthiir
obtained that collection, and it was not in the material that William
Barnes purchased from the Charles Oberthiir estate.

A careful study of the original description of L. juncicola, see the
comments under L. adjuta, proves that juncicola is the female sex of
scirpicola, described from the male sex only. The species is moderately
variable. The forewing color may be dark and intense or pale; in those
specimens with the forewings light in color, the fringe is almost devoid
of dark scales. The hindwings may show a uniform ground with almost
no indication of dark shading toward the outer margin.

Although Leucania juncicola has page precedence, I am designating
it a junior synonym of Leucania scirpicola because it would cause un-
due confusion to change the name from one species to another.

The drawings are by Mrs. Margaret Menadue, and the photographs
are by the author.

REFERENCES

BUTLER, A. G. 1890. Further notes on the synonymy of the genera of
Noctuites. Trans. Ent. Soc. London [38]:653-691.

HAMPSON, G. F. 1905. Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British
Museum. Volume 5. 1-634, plates 78-95. London. British Museum (Natural
History ).

KIMBALL, C. P. 1965. The Lepidoptera of Florida. Arthropods of Florida
and neighboring land areas. Volume 1. i-v, 1-363, 26 plates. Gainesville.
Division of Plant Industry.

SMITH, J. B. 1893. Catalogue of the lepidopterous superfamily Noctuidae
found in Boreal America. Bull U. S. Natl. Mus. 44:1-424. Washington. Govern-
ment Printing Office.

WALKER, F. 1856. List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the col-
lection of the British Museum. Part 9. 1-252. London. British Museum.

148 PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

TERRITORIAL BEHAVIOR AMONG MALES OF THE SOCIAL WASP
POLISTES EXCLAMANS VIERECK

(HYMENOPTERA: VESPIDAE )
NorMan Lin, 225 Foster Ave., Brooklyn, New York 11214

ABSTRACT—Territoriality among males is described in Polistes exclamans
Viereck. Such behavior has apparently been previously unknown in social wasps.
Territories are set up on sides of buildings in the fall. During this time of year
Mendelian populations are formed and mating occurs. Territoriality in P. exclamans
probably functions in increasing efficiency in mating. Aggregating probably maxi-
mizes genetic diversity.

Although territorial behavior has been noted among males of soli-
tary wasps such as the genera Sphecius, Tachytes (Lin, 1963), Astata
( Minkiewicz, 1934), Stictia (Evans, 1966), and Tachysphex (Kurczew-
ski, 1966), such behavior as far as I could determine has not previously
been noted among social wasps. Territorial behavior does occur among
males of the subsocial carpenter bees Xylocopa appendiculata circum-
volans Smith (Watanabe, (1958) and X. virginica virginica (L.) (per-
sonal observation) and among males of social bumblebees in the genus
Bombus (Dodson, 1962; Free and Butler, 1959).

Territory is defined in this paper as a defended area. The present
observations of territorial behavior in a social wasp are but one more
case of such behavior in Hymenoptera. Numerous descriptions of
mating and other behavior in the literature on Hymenoptera suggest
that territorial behavior may be involved and it appears that such be-
havior will prove to be common in this group.

Data for the following study were gathered in Lawrence, Kansas, on
October 9, 1962, October 25-26, 1963, and November 6-10, 1963. Spec-
imens of Polistes were observed on and flying about three buildings,
the two closest buildings being nearly one-half mile apart. Nearly all
wasps were located on and in front of south facing walls which were
in the sun and received the most warmth. On each of eight days in
which P. exclamans Viereck (det. H. E. Evans) was observed, it was
warm and sunny; temperatures obtained from the Lawrence weather
station ranged from 68°F. to 86°F. during the periods of observation.
Undoubtedly temperatures in the sun in front of buildings were greater.
According to Eickwort (1969), males and future queens of P. exclamans
emerge in the autumn about the same time as the above observations;
she collected nests containing both sexes during September and October.

Territorial activity was noted on seven days between 1:00 and 4:00
PM. On the one occasion that wasps were found during morning hours,
territorial behavior was not observed.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 149

Numbers of wasps varied from 200 or more, to less than five. Aggre-
gations were usually mixed, consisting of males of P. exclamans and
P. annularis L. (det. H. E. Evans), the latter usually in considerably
smaller numbers (see Table 1). All wasps in the aggregations were
apparently engaging in territorial behavior. Territoriality was a form
of arena behavior in which aggregated individuals maintained small
territories or courts. Territorial Hymenoptera manifesting arena be-
havior appear to be relatively common. Such is the case in Sphecius
(Lin 1963), Tachytes (Lin and Michener, in press) and various other
Hymenoptera. P. annularis was observed at least once in the aggrega-
tion about each building. The limited amount of data suggest that
numbers of wasps in these aggregations tend to decrease from about
mid October to mid November (Table 1). Such decrease is not unex-
pected since males are known to die off at this time of year (Michener
and Michener, 1951; Yoshikawa, 1963). Rau and Rau (1918) observed
a mixed aggregation of males of P. annularis and queens of P.
rubiginosus Lepeletier on a sunny afternoon on 13 October, 1915,
which seemingly were engaged in behavior of the sort described in
this paper. These wasps (approximately 25 in number) also confined
their activities to a sunny south wall.

Two building were visited by the observer almost daily in 1962 and
1963 but wasps were only noticed under conditions indicated. The
data suggest that flying of wasps about sunny sides of buildings in
October and November, and the showing of territorial behavior by
males, is primarily an afternoon activity occurring on warm sunny days.

TERRITORIAL SITES AND PERCHING BEHAVIOR

Males flew about and perched on walls of buildings, seldom on
horizontal surfaces. Perching males form approximately a 45° angle
with the surface, head upward. Close examination of over 50 wasps
revealed that the same individuals continually returned to specific
locations for perching. Though wasps were not marked, flights away
from and back to territories were typically short and consequently
easily followed by the observer. Wasps leaving their perches were
usually back within seconds. Wasps usually left to chase passing con-
specific males; however, “spontaneous” flights with no apparent ex-
ternal flight stimulus also occurred. Typical male behavior may be
illustrated by following a particular male. Wasp 1 had a conspicuous
perch, a raised disk about three-quarters of an inch in diameter, part
of a stained glass window of a church. This wasp was observed on
10/9/62 between 2:10 and 2:30 PM, and presumably the same wasp
was observed between 3:05 and 4:00 PM. In these intervals wasp 1
left its perch and returned more than 60 times (about 20-40 times be-
tween 2:10 and 2:30 PM and at least 40 times between 3:05 and 4:00

150 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

Table 1. The numbers of males of P. exclamans and P. annularis observed and
the conditions under which they were found.

Date Time Temp. Building P. exclamans P. annularis

10/9/62 2:10— 2:30
3:05— 4:00 86° i 200-250 6-10

10/25/63 1:30— 2:40 78° 2 25-30 0
10/26/63 10:20-10:35 72° 2 3 2
11/6/63 1:00— 2:15 68° 2; 3-5 0
11/7/63 3:20-— 3:57 69°—70° 2 2-4 1 or 2
11/8/63 3:10-— 3:20 69°-70° 3 ca. 6 ca. 3
11/9/63 3:00-— 3:21 69° 3 10-15 1
11/9/63 3:27- 3:50 68° 2 ca. 4 0
11/10/63 2:30-— 2:48 68° 2 ca. 6 1 or 2

PM). Data on other territories, primarily with conspicious perches,
are shown in Table 2.

Perching next to perches as in Sphecius (Lin, 1963) or Tachytes
(Lin 1963; Lin and Michener, in press) was also common. Wasp 1
occasionally perched as far as ten inches from its perch. About six
attempts each were made to capture wasps 1 and 2 while on their
perches, and after each attempt except the last, they returned to their
perches.

TERRITORIAL AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR

The perching owner responds readily to intruders or potential in-
truders. Intention movements in response to intruders (P. exclamans
and P. annularis) consist of a slight and rapid lunge of the body at the
intruder. These apparently aggressive movements frequently percede
aggressive flight at intruders; however, this is not necessarily the case,
since intruders often fail to enter territories. A distance greater than 18
inches always appeared to be outside the territory. On several occa-
sions when wasp | perched about ten inches from its perch, it showed
no reactions to wasps flying closer to its perch. Chases usually occurred
when intruders were about 18 inches or less from owners. Sometimes
intruders got within several inches of owners before being pursued.
These situations arose when owners were seemingly not at first in posi-
tion to observe intruders. These data suggest that arenas were some-
times smaller than 20 and usually no larger than 36 inches in diameter.
P. exclamans maintained aggressive pursuit as far as six feet, but ag-
gressiveness could only be evoked in the considerably smaller area of
the arena. In S. speciosus (Drury ) aggressiveness could be maintained
for distances greater than 75 feet. The cicada killers’ territory was
sometimes as large as 16 feet in length and six feet in width.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 151

Aggressive flight is readily recognized because territorial males fly
directly at intruders. This flight terminates in several possible re-
sponses:

Unsuccessful pursuit: The owner flies after the intruder, does not
gain on it sufficiently to come within striking distance, and returns to
the territory. This reaction was directed against conspecific males and
males of P. annularis.

Butting: The owner bangs into the intruder, then returns to the
territory. Butting occurred when P. annularis was attacked.

Grappling: Grappling occurred when conspecific males were in-
volved. Locked together, they either separated almost immediately
in their original location, fell nearly to the ground and separated, or
fell to the ground and separated frequently after a few seconds of com-
bat. Two males which presumably had grappled were found wrestling
on the grass adjacent to the building and they continued wrestling for
about 45 seconds when they were collected. One grappling pair fell
to a window ledge while wrestling. They separated almost immedi-
ately, but the owner flew back to the intruder on the ledge and they
again wrestled for about a second. A third pair also fought on the
ground for a number of seconds. Of 22-27 grapples observed, six
resulted in the pair falling to the ground. Regrappling occurs occa-
sionally; otherwise one or both males return to their particular terri-
torial perch, or one pursues the other briefly and then one or both
return to their perch.

Aggressive conspecific males flew directly at the owner and were
met in a similarly aggressive manner by the owner. Such wasps always
grappled when they met, and were not observed to circle each other
and fly upward together prior to grappling as was sometimes the case
in Sphecius (Lin, 1963).

Non-aggressive conspecific intruders were recognized by their flight
which was not directed at the owner of the territory. In most cases
(47), such intruders were unsuccessfully pursued. Butting was observed
once and grappling twice. The lone occurrence of butting appeared
to be an aborted grapple; the intruder was caught when flying gen-
erally toward the territory. In the cicada killer (Lin, 1963), that
butting which appeared to be a consequence of aborted grappling
almost always occurred when the intruding cicada killer was non-
aggressive, presumably because it is harder for the wasps to lock
together when one is “trying” to escape. Unsuccessful pursuits ranged
from six inches to six feet. Most unsuccessful pursuits were about 12
inches. Presumably the reason why unsucessful pursuit is so common
is that one wasp cannot fly appreciably faster than another.

Non-aggressive P. annularis males flying through territories of P.
exclamans males were either unsuccessfully pursued or if contact was

152 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

Table 2. The tendency of individual males of P. exclamans to return to a partic-
ular territory and a particular territorial perch.

* Number of Observed

Date Wasp Building Territorial perch Perchings

10/9/62 Ht 1 Three quarter inch cir- More than 60
cular disk

10/9/62 2; 1 Small cavity in wall 52

10/9/62 3 if Localized portion of Many times**
wall

10/9/62 4 I Localized portion of Many times**
wall 73

10/25/63 5 2 Horizonal surface of a Many times**
door handle

11/6/63 6 2 Window ledge Many times**

11/7/63 of 2 Light bulb

11/7/63 8 2; Window About 50 times

11/9/63 9 3 Window 32

* The total number of perchings was doubtless greater, since the period of observation of
any individual was always limited.
** 40 times or more.

made, P. annularis was butted. Butting seemed “deliberate,” unlike
in the case of a conspecific. P. exclamans males were not observed to
make any attempt to grapple with P. annularis males. Possibly only
visual or chemical identification of conspecific males release grappling
behavior in males of P. exclamans. Similar behavior was observed in
cicada killers which never were observed to attempt grappling with
other species including an aggressive Tachytes distinctus Smith. Ag-
gressive contacts between these two wasps consisted of mutual butting
(Lin, 1963). T. distinctus (Lin and Michener, in press) is the same
with regard to butting and grappling.

The relative frequencies of the different end-responses for encounters
involving non-aggressive conspecific males of S. speciosus and P. ex-
clamans were nearly identical, and the relative frequencies of the end-
responses for encounters involving aggressive conspecific males were
the same in both species, with 100% of the responses falling in the same
category (Table 3). Without exception, both species showed the same
terminating response or responses for the two comparable aggressive
situations.

Sometimes a wasp pounces on a perching territory owner, quickly
flies off, or is chased off with the owner in pursuit. A P. exclamans
owner was pounced on about three times by conspecifics. A P. annularis
pounced on a P. exclamans two times within a minute. Sometimes a

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 153

territory owner pounces on a perching wasp seemingly not an owner,
at least in the area where it was attacked. A P. exclamans owner re-
turned to pounce on a conspecific wasp which it had just left on a
window ledge after grappling and they wrestled again. A P. exclamans
owner pounced on a P. annularis which had just landed in the former's
territory, and then chased the P. annularis. The owner then returned
to its perch and repeated the previous behavior when it encountered
a perching conspecific male in its territory. Owners were never ob-
served to yield their perch to aggressive intruders. Both types of
pouncing situations occur among cicada killers (Lin, personal ob-
servation).

There is some evidence that the males of P. annularis are territorial.
One male P. annularis landed a number of times at a localized perch
next to a pipe on the side of one of the buildings. Males of P. exclamans
pounced on the P. annularis about five times and the P. annularis
chased them each time and then returned to its perch. The P. annularis
also chased them when they came close.

FUNCTIONS OF TERRITORY IN Polistes

Although no data were gathered on mating behavior in P. exclamans,
indirect evidence indicates that the territory probably functions in in-
creasing efficiency in mating as in S. speciosus (Lin, 1963, 1966). Ter-
ritoriality in P. exclamans occurs in October and November during that
relatively small portion of the seasonal cycle when typical Mendelian
populations are formed and mating is possible, i.e. when reproductive
females and males representing more than one colony make their ap-
pearance, congregate together, and reproduce. Males from a given
colony range from 13 to 39 (Eickwort, 1969). Even if all the males of
various colonies were present on 10/9/62, apparently more than 10
colonies would have been represented. This species is known for its
large sibling groups. According to Yoshikawa (1963), mating behavior
in Polistes is usually seen in early November. The above reproductive
stage of Polistes is essentially the condition found during a major part
of the adult seasonal cycle of the cicada killer and many nest
aggregating wasps and bees concomitant with which is the occur-
rence of territoriality.

The territory perhaps functions by spacing males, thereby maxi-
mizing encounters between sexually responsive males and females
which also favors early copulation. Spacing perhaps also reduces inter-
ference by superfluous males during precopulatory behavior. A con-
spicuous territoral perch probably provides an obvious referent for
the owner, and may thereby facilitate rapid learning of territory and
boundaries.

The establishment of Mendelian populations by aggregation of

154 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

Table 3. The relative frequencies of the different end-responses in the different
types of aggressive situations for P. exclamans (1962 and 1963), and S. speciosus
(1958 and 1959). Data on S. speciosus was taken from Lin (1963).

Total Unsuccessful
Intruder Encounters Pursuit Treat Butting Grappling

Non-aggressive P. 50 94% 0% 2% 4%

exclamans males (47) (0) (1) (2)
Aggressive P. 4 0% 0% 0% 100%

exclamans males (0) (0) (0) (4)
Non-aggressive P. 11 36 % 0% 64% 0%

annularis males (4) (0) (7) (0)
Non-aggressive S. 70 85 % 0% 5% 8%

speciosus males (60) (0) (4) (6)
Aggressive S. 22 0% 0% 0% 100 %

speciosus males (0) (0) (0) (22)
Other non-aggressive 34 58% 35 % 5% 0%

insects (20) (12) (2) (0)

Polistes males and queens from different nests, largely insures that
each queen will mate, and diminishes the tendency toward inbreeding.
Mechanisms which preserve and augment heterozygosity seem to be
particularly important in organisms with male haploidy.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I want to thank Drs. H. E. Evans and E. O. Wilson for critically reading the
manuscript, and Dr. Kennith Armitage for his assistance in obtaining the Lawrence
weather records.

REFERENCES

DODSON, C. H. 1962. The importance of pollination in evolution of the
orchids of tropical America. Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 31:525-534, 641-649,
731-735.

EICKWORT, K. R. 1969. Differential variation of males and females in Polistes
exclamans. Evolution 23:395—405.

EVANS, H.E. 1966. The comparative ethology and evolution of the sand wasps.
Harvard University Press.

FREE, J. B. and C. G. BUTLER. 1959. Bumblebees. Collins, London.

KURCZEWSKI, F. E. 1966. Comparative behavior of male digger wasps of
the genus Tachysphex (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae, Larrinae). Jour. Kansas Ent.
Soc. 39:436—453.

LIN, N. 1963. Territorial behavior in the cicada killer wasp, Sphecius speciosus
(Drury) (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) I. Behaviour 20:115-133.

1966. The use of emergence holes of the cicada killer as nest bur-
rows by Tachytes (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc. 59 and
60:82-84.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 155

and C. D. MICHENER. (in press) Evolution and selection in

social insects. Quart. Rev. Biol.

MICHENER, C. D. and M. H. MICHENER. 1951. American Social Insects.
Van Nostrand, New York.

MINKIEWICZ, R. 1934. Les types de comportement des males des sphegiens.
Polskie Pismo Ent. 13:1-20.

RAU, and N. RAU. 1918. Wasp studies afield. Princeton University Press.

WATANABE, S. 1958. Territorial behavior of the carpenter bee, Xylocopa
appendiculata circumvolans Smith. Seitai Konchu 7:93. In Japanese.

YOSHIKAWA, K. 1963. Introductory studies on the life economy of polistine
wasps. V. Three stages relating to hibernation. Jour. Biol. Osaka City Univ.
14:87-96.

SWEETOLETHAEUS, A NEW GENUS OF LETHAEINI FROM SOUTH
AFRICA, WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW SPECIES,
ONE FROM TERMITE NESTS
(HEMiIPTERA: LyGAEIDAE)!

James A. SLATER, Section of Systematic and Evolutionary
Biology, Biological Sciences Group, University of
Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06268

ABSTRACT—A new genus, Sweetolethaeus, is described in the lygaeid tribe
Lethaeini. Two new species S. macchiaensis (type species) and S. termiticolus,
both from South Africa, are described. Descriptions of nymphs of both species
are included. S. termiticolus was taken in a nest of the termite Trinervitermes
trinervoides and shows morphological features believed to be associated with this
habitat.

When I published my study of South African Lygaeidae in 1964
I had before me three specimens of a small lethaeine from the Brinck-
Rudebeck expeditions which I was unable to place taxonomically. The
extensive collections by my colleague Dr. M. H. Sweet in the south-
western Cape Province in 1967 revealed this to be a common species
in the area.

Subsequently Dr. William Coaton placed in my hands for study a
series of specimens taken in a mound of the termite Trinervitermes
trinervoides (Sjést.) at Phillipstown, Cape Province which prove to be
congeneric with the species noted above. These two species are unde-
scribed and represent a new genus described below. All measurements
are in millimeters.

1 This work was supported by National Science Foundation Grant GB7968.

156 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

Sweetolethaeus n. gen.

Head, pronotum and scutellum with small discrete punctures, intervening areas
smooth and non-rugulose, area between punctures wider than diameter of punc-
tures; punctures of clavus and corium conspicuously larger than those of head,
pronotum and scutellum; surface subshining, not polished, a pair of widely sepa-
rated ovoid iridescent areas present on head basally; head strongly convex, tylus
little exceeding juga, latter carinate laterally; eyes small, in contact with anterior
margin of pronotum, ocelli minute, placed much closer to eyes than to one another;
bucculae short, ovoid; antennae slender, segments 1 and 2 terete, 3 and 4 narrowly
fusiform; pronotum subquadrate, lateral margins distinctly explanate, more strongly
so on anterior 4, transverse impression absent, no anterior “collar” area present;
posterior margin distinctly concave; scutellum flat, lacking a median carina; clavus
with 4 rows of punctures, lateral corial margins explanate, apical margin convex,
hemelytra lacking closed basal cells, the next to mesal vein strongly sinuate, mem-
brane with a distinct transverse crease near base; posterior margin of ¢ abdominal
sternum 7 lacking spines; fore femora moderately incrassate with 2-4 sharp spines
below; posterior margin of metapleuron angulate; scent gland auricle short and
bluntly rounded.

Type species: Sweetolethaeus macchiaensis, n. sp.

Sweetolethaeus is quite closely related to Noteolethaeus Woodward
and Slater, especially to N. leeui Woodward and Slater, despite the
considerable difference in superficial appearance. The two taxa agree
in possessing a strongly convex head with minute ocelli, in the lack
of a distinct anterior pronotal collar (vaguely developed in Noteo-
lethaeus), in having an explanate lateral pronotal margin, a concave
posterior pronotal margin, a convex apical corial margin, in lacking
closed cells in the membrane of the fore wing, in having a small lobate
scent gland auricle, similar spines on the fore femora and fusiform
third and fourth antennal segments. The two genera are readily sepa-
rable by (1) the smooth dorsal surface of Sweetolethaeus with the
small punctures (extremely reduced in termiticolus) well separated
from one another whereas in Noteolethaeus the punctures are coarse,
closely set, with the intervening areas irregularly raised to give a
strongly rugose appearance to the dorsal surface, (2) the four distinct
rows of claval punctures in Sweetolethaeus (these sometimes irregular
in termiticolus), (3) lack of a transverse pronotal impression in Sweet-
olethaeus as well as (4) less strongly elevated corial veins (5) more
strongly lobate bucculae and (6) very feebly sinuate lateral corial
margins.

Sweetolethaeus is a typical member of the Lethaeini, possessing all
of the characteristics used by Ashlock (1964) in his redefinition and
limitation of the tribe.

From such related genera as Lethaeus Dallas, Neolethaeus Distant
and Lophoraglius Wagner the present genus may be separated by the
lack of closed cells in the wing membrane and the concave posterior

lke, Al,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO.

Sweetolethaeus macciaensis,

n.

gen.,

sp.,

2

, JUNE, 1972

dorsal view.

15

ford

158 PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

pronotal margin. In addition it differs from Lophoraglius by lacking
a distinct anterior pronotal collar, a transverse pronotal impression, a
polished dorsal surface and by the minute ocelli; from Neolethaeus by
the pronotal collar, by the lack of spinose projections on the posterior
margin of abdominal sternum seven in males, and the presence of at
most a single distal spine on the posterior femora; and from Lethaeus
by the explanate lateral pronotal margin and presence of a large seta
near the antero-lateral pronotal margins.

Sweetolethaeus bears some habitus resemblance to Lamproceps
Reuter, but is not actually closely related. It may readily be distin-
guished by the presence of four rather than three rows of claval punc-
tures, the distinctly explanate lateral pronotal margins, lack of elongate
upstanding hairs on the dorsal surface, pronotal punctures present and
as large as those on scutellum (in Lamproceps the pronotum is almost
impunctate and the scutellum has large conspicuous punctures over
the entire surface), a rounded lobate metathoracic scent gland auricle
(rather than posteriorly hookshaped), and a concave rather than
straight posterior pronotal margin.

This genus is named in honor of Dr. Merrill H. Sweet of Texas A. &
M. University in recognition of his major contributions to the system-
atics and ecology of the Rhyparochrominae.

Kry TO THE SPECIES OF Sweetolethaeus

1. An elongate seta present near each antero-lateral pronotal angle; 3-4 stout
spines present on Ist antennal segment; conspicuous posterior tibial spines
present alonguentire shat tyes es ener See eee reeees macchiaensis

Elongate seta absent near each antero-lateral pronotal angle; Ist antennal
segment lacking stout spines; conspicuous hind tibial spines restricted
to.distalite’ of ishakt® <5 tte. VE a termiticolus

Sweetolethaeus macchiaensis, n. sp.

(Fig. 1)

Elliptical; head, pronotum and scutellum dark brown to black, apex of tylus,
anterior margin of pronotum on either side of midline and anterior 42 of explanate
lateral pronotal margin contrastingly testaceous; hemelytra striped and mottled
with dark brown and testaceous markings (see fig. 1); ventral and pleural sur-
faces nearly uniformly dark chocolate brown; femora dark red-brown, strongly
contrasting with bright yellow tibiae and tarsi; antennal segments 1 and 2 reddish
brown, 3 and 4 paler yellowish brown; body surface appearing nearly glabrous
(extremely short minute hairs present in punctures), a single elongate seta present
near anterior end of pronotal explanate margin; head, pronotum and _ scutellum
nearly evenly and finely punctate, area of calli almost completely impunctate,
clavus with 4 rows of punctures, the median rows placed closer to one another
than to lateral row and coalescing anteriorly, corium with a closely set row of
punctures adjacent to claval suture and laterad of cubital and radial veins, irregu-
larly punctate over remainder of corial surface.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 159

Head short, broad, slightly declivent, anteriorly broadly rounded, eyes sessile,
head width less than width across anterior pronotal margin, bucculae visible from
above, tylus with 3 distinct anteriorly directed setae, length head .40, width .76,
interocular space .50; pronotum slightly narrowed anteriorly, lateral margins feebly
sinuate, explanate margins more broadly developed on anterior 1%, disc nearly
flat, length pronotum .74, width 1.28; scutellum large, flat, lacking a median ele-
vation, length scutellum .82, width .80; claval commissure much shorter than
scutellar length (length .40), corium very slightly convex to level of posterior end
of claval commissure, hence tapering distad, membrane attaining apex of abdomen,
distance apex clavus—apex corium .72, apex corium—apex abdomen .50; thoracic
pleura and sterna subshining, evaporative area large, occupying mesal (ventral )
2% of metapleuron with dorsal margin evenly truncate and extending onto posterior
area of mesopleuron to acetabular fracture; fore femora moderately incrassate,
armed below on distal 1% with 4 spines, the 3 distal spines short, sharp and set
close to end of femora, hind femora with a single small spine below near distal
end, hind tibiae with sharp spines present along entire shaft; bucculae large, short
and strongly lobate, not extending nearly to antennal bases, produced considerably
ventrad of labium; labium extending well between mesocoxae, length labial seg-
ments I .50, II .40, III .33, IV .34; antennae slender, segments 1 and 2 terete, 3
and 4 narrowly fusiform, segment 1 bearing 3-4 long sharp spines, length antennal
segments I .32, II .56, III .40, IV .46; total length 3.48.

Holotype: ¢, REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA: Cape Province:
Kirstenbosch Gardens, Cape Town, 29 January 1968 ( J. A. & S. Slater,
T. Schuh, M. H. Sweet). In National Collection of Insects, Pretoria.

Paratypes: REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA: Cape Province:
25 6,13 2 same data as holotype Nos. 19, 21—11 ¢,9 2 Hermanus,
Feb. 1, 1968 (S.S.S.S.)? No. 167—1 ¢, 1 2 Hermanus, Fernkloof Nat.
Res., Feb. 3, 1968 (S.S.S.S.)—l 2 Hermanus Lagoon, 20.XII.1950
(Brinck & Rudebeck) Loc. No. 91—7 ¢, 1 2 2 mi. S. Goukamma,
Knysna, Feb. 8, 1968 (S.S.S.S.) No. 184—3 ¢, 7 2 Gydo Pass, 10 mi.
N. Ceres, El. 3340’ (M.H.S.)? No. 39—1 4 Cape Pt. Nat. Res., Cp.
Point, Sept. 15, 1967 (M.H.S.) No. 3—3 ¢, 10 2 same locality, Jan.
30, 1968 (S.S.S.S.) No. 96—1 ¢ same locality, 7 mi. N. Cape Point, El.
450’, Oct. 11, 1967 (M.H.S.) No. 26—7 3,7 2 Noordhoek Beach, Cape
Peninsula, Jan. 23, 1968 (S.S.S.S.)—1l ? Bains Kloof Pass, Summit,
Jan. 21, 1968 (S.S.S.S.)—1 ? 6 mi. E. Plettenberg Bay, El. 500’, Feb.
12-13, 1968 (S.S.S.S.)—1 ? Grootvatersbosch For. Res. 14 mi. N.
Heidelberg, Feb. 5, 1968 (S.S.S.S.)—1 ° Algoa Bay, Capland, Oct.
27, 1868 (Dr. Brauns)—1 é Oude Kraal, 20.X.1950 (Brinck & Rude-
beck) Loc. No. 11—1 ¢ Signal Hill, El. 1100’, Cape Penin., 9 Oct.
1967 (M.H.S.) No. 24—6 3, 5 2 Cape Pt. Nature Reserve, 3 Dec.,
1967 (M.H.S.) Nos. 96, 98—2 ¢, 3 2 Kirstenbosch Bot. Garden, 29
Sept., 1967 (M.H.S.) Nos. 19, 21—11 ¢, 12 & same locality, El. 400’,

2J. A. and S. Slater, T. Schuh, M. H. Sweet.
3M. H. Sweet.

160 PROG. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

2 3

Figs. 2-3. Sweetolethaeus macchiaensis, n. gen., n. sp., fifth instar nymph: 2,
dorsal view; 3, ventral view.

Table Mt. W. Slope, Dec. 6, 1967 (M.H.S.) Nos. 101, 102— 12 3, 10 2
Muizenberg. Mt., El. 500’, Cape Penin. 9-13 Nov., 1967 (M.H.S.) No.
71—1 ¢ Kirstenbosch, Skeleton Gorge, El. 1000’, Table Mt., Oct. 30,
1967 (M.H.S.) No. 54—1 ¢, 1 ? Constantia, Cape Penin., 29 Sept.,
1967 (M.H.S.) No. 18—1 ¢, 1 2 13 mi. S. Oudtshoorn, E. 1300’, 20
Nov., 1967 (M.H.S.) No. 85—1 ¢ East Knysna Head, El. 200’, 22 Nov.,
1967 (M.H.S.) No. 90—3 é Saldanha Beach, 3 Nov., 1967 (M.H.S.)
No. 57—1 ¢ just North Ceres, El. 1400’, 20 Oct., 1967 (M.H.S.) No.
492, 8,3 2 Swartberg Pass, 25 mi. N. Oudtshoorn, El. 5200’, 19 Nov.,
1967 (M.H.S.) No. 81—1 ¢ Constantia near Alphen, Cape Penin., 350’,
10 Dec., 1967 (M.H.S.) No. 108—2 é Muizenberg Mt., Cape Penin.,
El. 200’, 8 Oct., 1967 (M.H.S.) No. 23—6 4, 5 2 just W. of Knysna,
8 Feb., 1968 (S.S.S.S.) No. 185—1 ¢ 20 mi. S. Porterville, trib. Berg.
River, 27 Jan., 1968 (S.S.S.S.)—1 2 Tradouw’s Pass, El. 900’, 10 mi.
N. Swellendam, 15 Nov., 1967 (M.H.S.) No. 72—1 2 1 mi. W. of Clan-
william, El. 450’, 6 Nov., 1967 (M.H.S.) No. 65—1 ¢ Stellenbosch,
Capland, Sept. 30, 1925 (Dr. H. Brauns). In National Collection of
Insects, Pretoria, Transvaal Museum, Lund University Museum, J. A.
Slater and M. H. Sweet collections.

There is very little variation present in the type series. The antennae
may be nearly uniformly pale yellowish brown or all dark reddish
brown and the pale band along the anterior pronotal margin is some-
times complete across the meson. The entire series is essentially mac-
ropterous, although many specimens are submacropterous with the
membrane slightly shortened and not reaching the apex of the abdomen.

S. macchiaensis appears to be restricted in distribution to the south-

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 161

ern Cape in an area largely coincident with the distribution of the
Cape Floral assemblage which is chiefly occupied by the macchia. This
area has a very distinctive assemblage of rhyparochromine species, a
number of which appear to have similar distributions, and some of
which are endemic genera.

S. macchiaensis is a litter living species often found in grassy areas
where it apparently feeds on grass seeds. Ecological information will
be discussed by Dr. Sweet in a subsequent contribution.

This species is larger than termiticolus and it has much darker
coloration, a much more conspicuously punctate head, pronotum and
scutellum, much larger bucculae and is further distinguishable by the
characters given in the key.

Fifth instar nymph: (alcohol) same locality as holotype (figs. 2, 3)

General coloration bright honey yellow on head, pronotum, scutellum, wing
pads and appendages, infuscated with brown along anterior and posterior pronotal
margins, distally on scutellum and wing pads; abdominal terga mottled with red
with irregular pale transverse stripes across tergal sutures and as a longitudinal
lateral stripe, Ist tergum with red lateral margin; dorsal abdominal scent gland
areas narrowly dark brown as are 8th and 9th terga; below with a dark brown
patch below each eye, thoracic pleura heavily infuscated with dark brown and
a broad dark irregular brown area on abdominal venter midway between meson
and lateral margins; sterna 5, 6 and 7 with a large quadrate mesal light brown
patch.

Head connate, moderately convex across vertex, epicranial stem extremely short,
almost absent, arms sinuate, length head .40, width .70, interocular space .48;
pronotum quadrate, flat, all margins straight, length pronotum .56, width 1.0;
mesothoracic wing pads broad, lateral margins explanate, extending midway over
3rd abdominal tergum, length wing pads .86; abdomen elliptical, scent gland
opening between terga 3 and 4 very broad, that between 3 and 4 yoke-shaped,
between 4 and 5 curving evenly anteriorly from meson to lateral openings, opening
between terga 5 and 6 reduced to a minute dark central spot; labium attaining
mesocoxae, length labial segments I .40, II .36, III .32, IV .30; length antennal
segments I .20, II .47, III and IV missing; total length 3.16.

Second instar (?): (alcohol) 2 mi. S. Goukamma, Knysna area, Feb. 8, 1968
GSi525:55)

Similar in color and structure to instar V, pronotum more heavily infuscated
with brown; mesonotum completely pale brown as are a pair of laterally broadened
transversely triangular patches on either side of midline of anterior margin of
metanotum; scent gland openings between terga 3 and 4 and 5 slightly and evenly
curving anteriorly from meson laterally, brown areas anterior to each opening
broader than posterior darkened area; opening between terga 5 and 6 relatively
larger than in instar V; abdomen nearly uniformly mottled with red; antennae
relatively stout; segments 3 and 4 light red-brown as are patches on segments 1
and 2; length head .40, width .62, interocular space .42; length pronotum .36,
width .84; length labial segments I .36, II .35, HII .23, IV 32; length antennal
segments I .24, II .32, III .23, IV .38; total length 2.80.

162 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

Sweetolethaeus termiticolus, n. sp.

Elliptical; head, pronotum and scutellum dark red-brown with anterior margin
of pronotum between eyes, anterior 4% of explanate lateral margins, antennae and
apex of tylus contrastingly testaceous; 4th antennal segment darker brown; femora
light brown with distal ends, tibiae and tarsi yellow, tibiae somewhat infuscated
mesally; hemelytra testaceous, marked with brown as in macchiaensis, but these
markings diffuse light brown, membrane hyaline, lacking mesal brown patch;
ventral and pleural surface dark red-brown; body nearly glabrous with scattered
very short inconspicuous decumbent hairs, pronotum lacking an elongate seta at
antero-lateral angles; head, pronotum and scutellum finely rugulose, lacking dis-
tinct punctures, punctures on wing very much smaller and less distinct than in
macchiaensis, often obsolete.

Head short, broad, bluntly rounded anteriorly, bucculae not visible from above,
tylus extending 14 way to distal end of Ist antennal segment, lacking distinct
anteriorly directed setae, length head .42, width .70, interocular space .50; prono-
tum subquadrate, flat, lightly impressed in calli area, nearly twice as wide as
long, length pronotum .58, width 1.06; length scutellum .70, width .70; hemelytra
with claval commissure much shorter than scutellum (length .34), membrane
reaching apex of abdomen, inner rows of punctures on corium irregular, distance
apex clavus—apex corium .42, apex corium—apex abdomen .70; scent gland
auricle as in macchiaensis but evaporative area less extensive, covering only ™%
of metapleuron and with dorsal margin irregular, not truncate; fore femora moder-
ately incrassate, armed below near distal end with 2 short sharp spines (in some
specimens a single spine present), hind femora mutic, spines on tibiae confined
to distal 4 (actually under very high magnification extremely small spines are
present along entire shaft, but greatly reduced); bucculae short, ovoid, not or
barely extending ventrad of labium; labium extending well between mesocoxae,
length labial segments I .44, II .32, III .26, IV .26; antennae with segments 1 and
2 terete, 3 and 4 narrowly fusiform, segment 1 lacking sharp spines, at most with
2, setae present, length antennal segments I .22, II .42, III 32, IV .34; total
length 3.04.

Holotype: ¢, REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA: Cape Province:
1 mi. SW Phillipstown, 23 Oct., 1963, Ex. nest Trinervitermes triner-
voides (J. L. Sheasby). In National Collection of Insects, Pretoria.

Paratypes: 3 6,3 2 same data as holotype. In National Collection
of Insects, Pretoria and J. A. Slater collections.

There is very little variation in the type series other than in the
reduction of the fore femoral spines which sometimes are very small
or reduced to a single spine. The female paratypes are submacropter-
ous, with the membrane not attaining the apex of the abdomen, reach-
ing only onto the anterior half of tergum seven.

S. termiticolus is easily distinguishable from macchiaensis by its
smaller size and lighter coloration (in the latter the head, pronotum,
scutellum and wing markings are nearly black), by the lack of an
elongate seta on each antero-lateral pronotal angle, the lack of stout
sharp spines on the first antennal segment (three to four are present
in macchiaensis ), by lacking setae on the apex of the tylus, by having

PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 163

a finely rugulose rather than distinctly punctate head, pronotum and
scutellum, by having the tibial spines confined to the distal one-fifth
rather than present all along the shaft, by the much smaller bucculae,
and by the relatively short and wide pronotum.

The type series from Phillipstown, which is in the false Upper Karroo
(Acocks (1953) veld type 36), was collected by J. L. Sheasby in mounds
of Trinervitermes trinervoides (Sjést). Dr. Coaton informs me that
this termite “constructs domed mounds of extremely hard dirt matrix
with a highly cellular honey-combed interior. It is a harvester which
emerges from foraging ports by night to glean grass, in the form of
lengths of leaves, stems and seed heads which is stocked in the mounds.
Reserve food material is concentrated mainly in the peripheral cells
of the mound beneath the center crust where it matures prior to con-
sumption. These termites feed on cellulose and it seems more than
likely that unconsumed starchy seeds will remain in the periphery of
the mound where the lygaeid nymphs and adults were found.”

From this statement it seems probable that this species feeds on seeds
accumulated by the termites. The lygaeid shows morphological fea-
tures which indicate that it will prove to be adapted to a termite asso-
ciation. Most of the differences shown by S. termiticolus relative to
macchiaensis are reduction features, presumably developed coincident
with a sheltered habitat, such as the relatively pale coloration, loss of
dorsal punctures, and loss of setae on the pronotum, antennae and legs.
The cuticle also appears to be thinner and more delicate in this species.

I am aware of only a few previous indications of a lygaeid-termite
association. Breddin (1904) described Fontejanus wasmanni from the
nests of Eutermes biformis Wasmann in India and notes a specimen of
Horvathiolus delicatulus Stal associated with Termes natalensis in the
Sudan. In neither case is the nature of the relationship mentioned.
Schumacher (1913) described Lethaeus termitarum from “Windhuk,
Damaraland,” stating only that it “leben bei den danebenstechenden
Termiten.” I have not been able to definitely associate this species,
but from the description it may well be a true Lethaeus related to
lethierryi Puton. It is a much larger species than S. termiticolus and
evidently it is not congeneric.

At Pafuri in the northwest corner of Kruger National Park we took
a series of a lethaeine related to the genus Orbellis Distant in runs or
tubes of the termite Schedorhinotermes lamaninus (Sjost.) under the
bark of a large fallen limb of Ficus sycamorus. The lygaeids were
present in both active and apparently abandoned runs but more numer-
ous in the latter. This species was also abundant in large numbers on
the ground adjacent to the fallen limb. Unfortunately our disturbance
of the habitat made it impossible to determine the type of association
involved.

164 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

Fifth instar nymph: (pinned) same locality as holotype.

General coloration honey yellow on head, pronotum, scutellum, wing pads and
appendages; abdomen opaque white, scent gland openings and small mesal spot
on terga 8 and 9 light brown, sterna 6 and 7 with broader light brown mesal spots,
8 and 9 with small mesal spots.

Form very similar to macchiaensis but scent gland opening between terga
3 and 4 nearly straight rather than yoke-shaped; length head .40, width .64, in-
terocular space .48; length pronotum .48, width .92; length wing pad .86; length
labial segments I .26, II .28, III .22, IV .20; length antennal segments I .22, II .38,
III .28, IV .32; total length 2.82.

Fourth instar: (pinned) same locality.

Very similar to 5th instar; appendages nearly white; length head .38, width
58, interocular space .46; length pronotum .36, width .80; length wing pad .44;
length labial segments I .28, II .24, III .20, IV .18; length antennal segments I
120, Il .32, IT .26, IV .32: total length 2:30.

Third instar: (pinned) same locality.

Very similar to 4th; length head .36, width .52, interocular space .42; length
pronotum .25, width .78; length wing pad .34; length labial segments I .26, II .26,
III & IV obscured; length antennal segments I .16, II .28, III .24, IV .30; total
length 1.98.

The nymphs of this species can be separated from macchiaensis nymphs by the
uniformly white abdomen which lacks the red mottled coloration, and (in the
fifth instar) by the straight 4-5 scent gland opening which is yoke-shaped in
macchiaensis.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I wish to express my deep appreciation to the following: Dr. W. L. Coaton
(National Collection of Insects, Pretoria) for determination of the termites, in-
formation concerning the habits of Trinervitermes, allowing me to study the series
of Sweetolethaeus termiticolus and for making facilities and financial support
available in South Africa in 1967-1968; Mr. J. L. Sheasby (National Collection
of Insects, Pretoria) for collecting the type series of S. termiticolus; Dr. M. H.
Sweet (Texas A. & M. University) for making material of S. macchiaensis avail-
able to me and for much assistance in the field; Mr. Toby Schuh (University of
Connecticut) and Mr. Samuel Slater for aid in the collecting and processing of
material; Miss Karen Stoutsenberger (Gray Herbarium, Harvard University) and
Miss Mary Hubbard (University of Connecticut) for preparation of the illustra-
tions; Dr. Per Brinck (Lund University) and Dr. L. Vari (Transvaal Museum)
for the loan of material; Mrs. Darleen Wilcox (University of Connecticut) for
extensive aid in the preparation of the manuscript and to the University of Con-
necticut Research Foundation for financial assistance.

REFERENCES

ACOCKS, J. P. 1953. Veld types of South Africa. Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Afr.
28:1-192.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 165

ASHLOCK, P. D. 1964. Two new tribes of Rhyparochrominae: a re-evaluation
of the Lethaeini (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Lygaeideae). Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer.
57:4:414-422.

BREDDIN, G. 1904. Rhynchoten aus ameisen-und Termitenbauten. Ann. Soc.
Ent. Belg. 48:407-416.

SCHUMACHER, F. 1913. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Rhynchotenfauna
Sudafrikas. In: L. Schultze Zoo. u. anthrop. Ergebniss e Forschungreise in
Sudafrika. Bd. 5 Lfg. 2. Denk schr. med-naturw. Ges. Jena. 17:49-88.

SLATER, J. A. 1964. Hemiptera (Heteroptera) Lygaeidae. S. Afr. Animal
Life 10:15-228.

A NEW SPECIES OF CULICOIDES FROM COLOMBIA
(DierERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE )?

DonaLp H. MEssERSMITH, Department of Entomology, University
of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742

ABSTRACT—This paper describes Culicoides florenciae n. sp. of the debili-
palpis gp. It was collected near Florencia, Colombia, on the eastern slope of the
eastern Andes by the Rio Hacha at 1000 m elevation. A comparison with closely
related species is included.

While on a collecting trip in Colombia in August and September,
1969, I came upon a site on the eastern side of the Eastern Cordillera of
the Andes which yielded an apparently new species of Culicoides of
the debilipalpis group. The type habitat is the sandy bank of the Rio
Hacha, a river which flows down the eastern side of the Eastern Andes
and eventually empties into the Rio Orteguasa, a tributary of the Rio
Caqueta. The collecting site was at about 1000 m elevation not far
from the Garzon-Florencia road in the province of Caqueta. This is
a densely forested, but inhabited region, containing typically amazonian
vegetation.

While crossing a footbridge over the river, I became aware of these
insects because of their painful bites. Upon descending to the river
bank I was able to collect specimens from my exposed arms with an
aspirator. The time of day was about 1500 on September 2, 1969. All
specimens were feeding or beginning to feed when captured. They
were preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol and later mounted on slides using
the technique of Wirth and Blanton (1959).

1 Scientific Article No. A1693, Contribution No. 4450 of the Maryland Agricul-
tural Experiment Station, Department of Entomology.

166 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

F

Fig. 1. Culicoides florenciae, n. sp., female: a, eye separation; b, antenna; c,
palpus; d, tibial comb; e, wing; f, spermathecae.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 167

Fig. 2. Collection site of Culicoides florenciae, n. sp. on the Rio Hacha near
Florencia, Colombia. Photo by Mary Kilbourne.

Culicoides florenciae Messersmith, n. sp.

CHigs 1)

Female.—Length of wing 1.05 mm.

Head: Eyes (fig. la) broadly separated. Antenna (fig. 1b) with lengths of
flagellar segments in proportion of 23—24—27—-30-—30—-28-28-30-28-3 1—35-34—50;
AR 0.81; no sharp increase in lengths of segments in distal series except for ter-
minal segment; distal sensory tufts prominent, located on segments 3, 10-14. Palpal
segments (fig. lc) with lengths in proportion 12—35-43-16-17, PR 2.7; third
segment moderately swollen, with a deep, round sensory pit, with pit deeper than
diameter of round pore opening. Proboscis moderately long, P/H ratio 0.97; man-
dible with 18 teeth.

Thorax: Brownish with no conspicuous pattern. Legs brownish, with pale band
near the proximal end of the tibia on all legs, distal end of hind tibiae slightly
paler than rest of leg; hind tibial comb with four spines, the second from the spur
longest (fig. Id).

Wing (fig. le): Pattern as figured; distal pale spot in cell R5 transverse, the

168 PROG. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

Table 1. A comparison of key characters of some selected species of the Culi-
coides debilipalpis group.*

Wing

Species length CR AR Sensoria Teeth Spines
florenciae 1.05 0.56 0.81 3, 10-14 18 4
eadsi 0.81 0.57 0.78 3, 810 15 4
darlingtonae 0.86 0.61 0.86 3, 8-10 16 4
guerrai 0.95 0.62 0.83 3, 8-10 15 4
caucaensis 1.83 0.65 0.99 3. 9=14 20 4
tamboensis 128} 0.61 0.85 3% Jule! il 4

* See Wirth and Blanton (1959), p. 262 for other species characteristics.

poststigmatic pale spot constricted in the middle, but not separated; pale spot in
anal cell transverse; distinct pale spots present behind medial fork and in front
of mediocubital fork. CR 0.56; second radial cell narrow, but with distinct lumen;
macrotrichia more numerous on distal half of wing than on basal half and in
parallel rows bordering the medial fork. Halter pale. Rudimentary spermatheca
present.

Abdomen: Dark brown. Spermathecae (fig. 1f) subequal, measuring 0.044 by
0.026 mm. and 0.045 by 0.029 mm.

Male.—Unknown

Distribution Colombia

Types.—Holotype female, Rio Hacha, Eastern Andes at 1000 m near
Florencia, Caqueta, Colombia, 2 September 1969, Donald H. Messer-
smith (Type no. 71147 USNM). Paratypes 10 females, same data.

Discussion.—This species differs from all other members of the neo-
tropical debilipalpis group and indeed from most nearby Panamanian
Culicoides in having sensoria on segments 10-14. Only two Panama
species (C. patulipalpis and C. rangeli) have sensoria so arranged
(Wirth and Blanton, 1959), but these have only one spermatheca. Two
Colombian species from the Andes described by Wirth and Lee (1967)
show close affinities to C. florenciae. They are C. caucaensis which
has sensoria on segments 3, 9-14 and C. tamboensis with sensoria on
segments 3, 11-14. Both of these have two spermathecae and a rudi-
mentary third, their wing patterns are similar to C. florenciae in some
respects, but they are definitely not the same in wing length and other
features. However, the wing of C. florenciae is longer than in others
of the debilipalpis group and longer than the wings of transferrans
group species. The CR and AR are also different from others in these
groups. This species appears to be closely related to C. darlingtonae
Wirth and Blanton (1971), because of its wing pattern. However, the
poststigmatic pale spot is not divided, and the pale spot enclosed by

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 169

the cubital fork does not touch M;,4. The third papal segment is not
as swollen. The spermathecae are more equal in size to one another
than in darlingtonae. Table 1 compares this new species with Wirth
and Blanton’s new debilipalpis group species and with the two closely
related Colombian species from the Andes.

I wish to express my appreciation to Dr. Willis W. Wirth for his
advice and suggestions in the preparation of this paper and to Dr. F.
Eugene Wood for making the drawings. Mrs. Mary Kilbourne took
the photograph (fig. 2) and gave permission to use it for which I am
grateful.

REFERENCES

WIRTH, W. W. and F. S. BLANTON. 1959. Biting midges of the genus
Culicoides from Panama (Diptera: Heleidae). Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 109:237-
482.

—____—. and ——————.._ 1971. New neotropical sandflies of the Culicoides
debilipalpis group (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 73:34—
43.

and V. H. LEE. 1967. New species of Culicoides from high alti-
tudes in the Colombian Andes (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus. 124:1-22.

SAWFLIES OF THE GENUS CROESUS LEACH IN NORTH AMERICA

(HyMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE )

Daviw R. Smiru, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural
Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculturet

ABSTRACT—Adults and larvae of the four North American species of Croesus
are keyed, described, and illustrated. One new species, C. curvarius, is described.
The larvae are external feeders on the foliage of Betula, Alnus, Castanea, and
Corylus.

The genus Croesus is a small group of holarctic sawflies characterized
by the conspicuous, flattened hindbasitarsus and hindtarsus. Few saw-
flies have such an obvious spot character for separation. Larvae of
Croesus are more commonly encountered than adults because, as in
most sawflies, of their noticeable feeding habits. They feed externally
on the foliage of Betula, Corylus, Alnus, and Castanea in North Amer-
ica, and, in Europe, other species have been found on Acer, Carpinus,
Fraxinus, Populus, Salix, and Sorbus (Benson, 1958).

1 Mail address: c/o U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

170

: In
eek

TC

mn

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 eval

The North American species have never been revised, and only three
species were listed by Ross (1951). A fourth species is described here.
All species are found in eastern North America, with only one, latitarsus
Norton, ranging west to Utah, British Columbia, and Alaska. Another
species, varus (Villaret), is known only from a single specimen taken
at Montreal, Quebec in 1926. This European species may have been
introduced, but its establishment on this continent is open to question.

Croesus Leach

Croesus Leach, 1817, Zool. Misc., Vol. 3, p. 129; Morice, 1906, Ent. Mon. Mag.
42:32; Rohwer, 1911, U.S. Bur. Ent. Tech. Ser. 20, p. 99; Enslin, 1915, Die
Tenthredinoidea Mitteleuropas, Beit. Deut. Ent. Ztschr., p. 364; MacGillivray,
1916, Conn. Geol. Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull. 22, p. 121; Yuasa, 1922, Ill. Biol. Monog.
7, p. 83; Malaise, 1932, Arkiv. for Zool. 23:36; Ross, 1937, Ill. Biol. Monog.
34, p. 78; Ross, 1951, U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, p. 42; Takeuchi, 1952,
A Generic Classification of the Japanese Tenthredinidae, p. 68; Wong, 1951,
Ent. Soc. Ontario, 82nd Ann. Rept., p. 65; Lorenz and Kraus, 1957, Die Larval-
systematik der Blattwespen, p. 217; Benson, 1958, Handbooks for the Identifica-
tion of British Insects, Vol. 6. pt. 2(c), p. 209; Benson, 1963, Ent. Tidskr. 84:18.
Type-species.—Tenthredo septentrionalis Linnaeus. Monotypic.

The greatly expanded and laterally compressed hindbasitarsus and
apex of the hindtibia (fig. 1, 2) will readily distinguish this genus from
all other genera of Nematinae. The wing venation is typical of the
Nematinae, with cross-vein 2r and the basal anal cell both absent in
the forewing. The emarginate clypeus, bifid tarsal claw, and, in side
view, the angulate frontal crest of the head are additional characters.
The species of Croesus are very close to some species of Nematus,
especially those placed in the Erythrogaster Group by Ross (1951),
in general habitus of the genitalia of both sexes. The distinctive hind-
legs of species of Croesus, however, may be used to separate Croesus
and Nematus and to retain them as separate genera. Such an obvious
character is welcome in a group where there are so few evident ex-
ternal features.

The larvae of Croesus species are typical of the Nematinae in having
prolegs on abdominal segments 2 to 7 and 10 only and with an eversible
gland on the venter of abdominal segments 1 to 7. The following com-
bination of characters will help to separate the larvae from those of
other Nematinae: (1) Tenth abdominal tergum with a pair of short
caudal protuberances (fig. 14); (2) conical antennae; (3) spiracles
not winged; (4) abdominal segments 2 to 9 each with 6 annulets, an-
nulets 2 and 4 setiferous; (5) either with a transverse black stripe or

<

Figs. 1-2. Hindtibia and hindtarsus: 1, Croesus latitarsus Norton; 2, C. cur-
varius, n. sp. Figs. 3-6. Lancets: 3, C. castaneae Roh.; 4, C. latitarsus; 5, C.
curvarius; 6, C. varus (Vill.).

172 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

Fig. 7. Harpe and parapenis, Croesus latitarsus Norton. Figs. 8-9. Penis valves:
8, C. latitarsis; 9, C. castaneae Roh.

with not more than 3 black spots on each side of each segment of the
body (figs. 15-16)°; and (6) free leaf feeders, as opposed to the gall
forming Nematinae. The epipharynx, maxilla, and mandibles are as
in figures 10 to 13 and are similar for each species.

About 13 world species are included in Croesus, four of which are
found in North America. Benson (1963) gave a key to the world spe-
cies or species complexes.

Key TO SPECIES

Adults
BD Gera aul sa ae an Re ee ee 2
Malle? 22 or eta a tn ee A 5
2. Abdomen with red band; each femur orange [mesopleuron shining, with
well-defined, separated punctures] Soo SN 1 a varus (Villaret)
Abdomen and" each femur Talat oe ieee 3

2 Specimens of a Croesus species reared from Betula in Virginia by Harold
Greenbaum of the University of Florida differ from the species described here:
The larva has a broad, dorsal, longitudinal black stripe running the length of the
body and extending laterally to the spiracles, and the male has the abdomen and
each hindfemur entirely black. The texture of the mesopleuron is apparently simi-
lar to that of latitarsus. According to Mr. Greenbaum, this may represent a dis-
tinct species.

PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 173

3. Annuli 2 to 8 of lancet markedly curved backward toward dorsal margin
(fig. 5) [mesopleuron roughened but shining, without well-defined, sepa-
rated punctures; apex of hindbasitarsus straight (fig. 2)] —. curvarius, n. sp.

Annule2sto oot lancetnearly straight (figs: 3, 4); =.= = 4

4. Mesopleuron roughened, dull, not shining or with distinct punctures; hind-
basitarsus with slight lobe at apex (fig. 1); lancet with lateral armature
on annuli 2 to 8 and with serrulae as deep as broad (fig. 4)
ce as Te ee TO A latitarsus Norton

Mesopleuron shining, with well-defined, separated punctures; hindbasi-
tarsus straight at apex (fig. 2); lancet with lateral armature on annuli

2 to 9 and with serrulae deeper than broad (fig. 3) — castaneae Rohwer
5aAbdomen and shindfemur black? -.....___..- - castaneae Rohwer
Ailbdomen red-bandeds hindfemur orange = 6

6. Mesopleuron roughened, dull, without well-defined punctures —
aoe tA tes ig EE Sa ae ee eae RN Re latitarsus Norton
Mesopleuron shining, with well-defined, separated punctures — varus ( Villaret )

Larvae

1. An unbroken black stripe on each side of each body segment except for
prothorax and tenth abdominal segment (fig. 15), stripe continuous on
venter of each segment; tenth tergum without black spots; on Castanea
occa As ls BS ee le eee es castaneae Rohwer

Body segments each with 2 or 3 dark brown spots on each side (figs. 16,
i eetenthuteroum, partly dark) brown® 2. eee 9)

2. Each body segment with one supraspiracular and one subspiracular dark
brown spot, each equal in size (fig. 16); band on anterior margin of
tenth) tereum dark brown: on Corylus 2.2 curvarius, n. sp.

Each body segment with one supraspiracular and two subspiracular dark
brown spots, the supraspiracular spot larger than the others (fig. 17);

apexon tenth tergum dark brown (fig. 14) — eee 3
Smmiveadtplack on BCiila =. latitarsus Norton
Head reddish-brown or reddish-yellow; on Alnus — varus ( Villaret )

Croesus castaneae Rohwer

Croesus castaneae Rohwer, 1915, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 49:213, ¢, 2; Middleton,
1922, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 61:14; Ross, 1951, U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog.
2, p. 42.

Female.—Average length, 9.5 mm. Black, apex of clypeus, apex of labrum,
apex of hindcoxa, basal one-third of each tibia, and all of front and middle basi-
tarsi whitish. Wings very lightly and uniformly infuscated.

Postocellar area one and one-half times broader than long. Mesopleuron shining,
with fine, well-defined punctures, punctures separated from each other by smooth,
shining interspaces; mesosternum smooth and shining, without punctures. Apex
of hindbasitarsus straight (fig. 2). Sheath short, straight above, rounded below.
Lancet with about 15 serrulae, each serrula deep, separated from each other
by deep circular notch deeper than breadth of a serrula; 5 or 6 fine subbasal teeth
on ventral margin of each serrula; lateral armature present on annuli 2 to 9, these
annuli being nearly straight (fig. 3).

174 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

Figs. 10-14. Croesus latitarsus Norton, larval structures: 10, epipharynx; 11,
maxilla; 12, right mandible; 13, left mandible; 14, tenth abdominal tergum, dorsal
view. Figs. 15-17. Third abdominal segment of larvae, lateral view: 15. C.
castaneae Roh.; 16, C. curvarius, n. sp.; 17, C. latitarsus.

Male.—Average length, 7.0 mm. Color similar to that of female, except for
front and middle tibiae and tarsi which are entirely whitish. Structure similar

to that of female. Lateral spine of penis valve with accompanying lobe (fig. 9);
harpe and parapenis as in fig. 7.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 175

Holotype—C. castaneae Rohwer is U.S.N.M. type no. 18522, °,
labeled “Falls Church, Va., reared, Sept. 16, 1912, Castanea dentata,
Hopk. 10154.”

Distribution.—Eastem North America. KENTUCKY: Baldrock,
Sept. 23, 1959, on American chestnut (larvae). MARYLAND: Plum-
mers Id., VIII-8-14. NEW YORK: “N.Y.” PENNSYLVANIA: Ingle-
nook, Dauphin Co., IX-12-09. VIRGINIA: Falls Church, reared, Sept.
16, 1912, Castanea dentata; Rocky Mount, July 10, 1961, on chestnut
(larvae).

Host and Biology.—Adults were bred from larvae feeding on chest-
nut, Castanea dentata ( Marsh.) Borkh. Larvae of the type series were
collected August 7, 1912 and placed in rearing. They fed gregariously
on the edge of the leaves. By August 17, all larvae had gone into the
ground. Six adults emerged on September 16, 1912.

Larva.—Middleton (1922) described the larva of this species. It is
easily distinguished from larvae of other species of Croesus by the
continuous vertical, dark-brown stripe on each side of each segment of
the body (fig. 15), and the lack of dark areas on the tenth tergum.

Discussion.—This shining mesopleuron of both sexes and black ab-
domen of the male will separate castaneae from latitarsus, and the black
abdomen of the female will separate it from varus. C. castaneae most
closely resembles curvarius, and the distinction between the two is dis-
cussed under that species.

Croesus curvarius, n. sp.

Female.—Average length, 8.2 mm. Antenna and head black; labrum brownish;
white spot on each anterolateral margin of clypeus. Thorax black. Front and
middle legs with each coxa, femur, and apical half of tibia black, trochanter and
basal half of tibia white, tarsus whitish, infuscated toward apex; hindleg with
basal half of coxa black, apical half white, trochanter white, femur black, basal
half of tibia white and apical half black, tarsus black. Abdomen black. Wings
uniformly, very lightly infuscated.

Postocellar area twice as broad as long. Mesopleuron shining, although roughened
and without well-defined punctures; mesosternum shining, with widely spaced
punctures. Hindleg as in fig. 2; basitarsus straight below, without small lobe
as in latitarsus (fig. 1). Lancet with 13 segments, annuli beyond second sharply
bent backward dorsally; lateral armature present on segments 2 to 7; serrulae deep,
central and apical serrulae with no anterior and 3 to 6 coarse posterior subbasal
teeth (fig. 5).

Male.—Unknown.

Holotype.—Female, labeled “Corylus,” “Putnam, Conn., VII-31-42,”
“N.E. For. Ins. Lab. 364 205 41 12.” U.S.N.M. type no. 71204.

Paratypes CONNECTICUT: same data as for holotype (4 ? );
data as for holotype except for dates, VII-42 (3 ? 2 ), VITI-1-42 (1 ¢),
VIII-7-42 (1 2), VIII-11-42 (2 2 2 ); Oneco, bred specimen, 7-18-21,

176 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

hazelnut, Gip. Moth Lab. 12164F126 (2 22). Deposited in the U.S.
National Museum and the Northeastern Forest Insect and Disease Lab-
oratory, Hamden, Connecticut.

Larva.—The larva may be distinguished from those of other North
American species of Croesus by the presence of two large subequal
dark brown spots on each side of each body segment (fig. 16) and
the dark brown band on the anterior margin of the tenth tergum. Also,
there is a dark spot between the prolegs on each abdominal segment.

Host.—Adults were bred from larvae feeding on Corylus sp.

Discussion.—The lancet with annuli 2 to 9 markedly curved poste-
riorly toward the dorsal margin is distinctive for this species. The meso-
pleuron is roughened and without well-defined, separated punctures
similar to the mesopleuron of latitarsus, but it is shining in curvarius
and not dull as in latitarsus. The mesopleuron of castaneae is also
shiny, but there are well-defined punctures separated by smooth, shin-
ing interspaces.

Croesus latitarsus Norton

Tenthredo septentrionalis Harris, nec Linnaeus, 1834, In Hitchcock, Rpt. on Geol.,
Mineral., Bot., and Zool. of Mass., p. 583

Craesus [!] latitarsus Norton, 1862, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila. 1:199, 9; Norton, 1867,
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 1:84; Provancher, 1883, Petite faune Entomologique de
Canada, Vol. 2, Hyménoptéres, p. 740; Jack, 1888, Psyche 5:41; Dyar, 1893,
Can. Ent. 25:246; Dyar, 1895, Can. Ent. 27:342; Konow, 1905, Genera In-
sectorum, fasc. 29, p. 61 (latitarsis); MacGillivray, 1916, Conn. Geol. Nat.
Hist. Surv. Bul. 22, p. 121; Yuasa, 1922, Ill. Biol. Monog. 7, p. 83; Brown,
1940, Canada Dept. Agr. Forest Insect Surv., 4th Ann. Rpt., p. 16; Ross, 1951,
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, p. 42; Wong, 1954, Can. Ent. 86:154; Maxwell,
1955, Can. Ent. 87, Sup. 1, p. 69; Raizenne, 1957, Canada Dept. Agr. Pub. 1009,
Deo

Nematus latitarsus: Dalla Torre, 1894, Catalogus Hymenoptorum, Vol. 1, p. 223
(latitarsis ).

Female.—Average length, 9.3 mm. Black; labrum brownish; apex of hindcoxa,
hindtrochanter entirely, basal one-third of hindtibia, basal one-half of front and
middle tibiae, and basal one-half of front and middle basitarsi whitish. Wings
hyaline with very faint infuscated band below stigma.

Postocellar area nearly twice as broad as long. Mesopleuron dull, roughened,
without well-defined punctures; mesosternum shining with scattered punctures.
Apex of hindbasitarsus with slight lobe (fig. 1). Sheath short, straight above,
rounded below. Lancet with about 13 serrulae, each serrula deep, circular notch
separating each serrula about as deep as breadth of a serrula; 5 or 6 fine subbasal
teeth on apical slanted margin of each serrula; lateral armature present on annuli
2 to 8, these annuli nearly straight (fig. 4).

Male.—Average length, 7.0 mm. Antenna black, occasionally dark orange;
head black, sometimes supraclypeal area, clypeus, and labrum whitish. Each coxa
black with apex of hindcoxa whitish; each femur orange; front and middle tibiae

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 Wee

orange, hindtibia with basal half orange, apical half black; front and middle tarsi
orange, hindtarsus black. Abdomen orange with first two segments black; hy-
pandrium sometimes infuscated. Structure similar to that of female. Lateral spine
of penis valve without accompanying lobe (fig. 8). Harpe and parapenis as in

Bigs.

Type.—There are two specimens, one of each sex, in the Museum of
Comparative Zoology, Harvard University labeled “179 4” and “179 2,”
“MCZ Type 26326.” There is also a specimen in the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, a female labeled “Pa.” and “Type
10304.” Norton (1862) described only the female and stated “Pennsyl-
vania (Coll. Ent. Soc. Phil.), Mass. ( Harris Coll.).” All three specimens
at Harvard and Philadelphia are the same species; however, I am des-
ignating the specimen at Philadelphia as the lectotype.

Distribution Eastern North America, Quebec to Florida west to
Utah, British Columbia and Alaska. ALASKA: Matanuska, VI-44.
BRITISH COLUMBIA: Carbonate, Columbia R., July 7-12, 1908,
2600’. CONNECTICUT: East River, reared, many dates from April
to October of various years from Betula populifolia, Betula populifolia-
nigra, Betula lenta; Lyme, VI-18-18. FLORIDA: Alachua Co., VI-
1954. ILLINOIS: Antioch, Aug. 1, 1960; Herod, June 6, 1946; Urbana,
May 9, 1935. MAINE: Augusta, emergence dates in June and August,
ex gray birch; Bar Harbor, bred, June 1, 4, 1934, on gray birch; Mt.
Desert I., bred, VIII-17, 18-1932, gray birch; Greenville, VI-1-32;
Auburn, July 29, 1968; Orono, June 12, 1907. MANITOBA: recorded
by Wong (1954). MASSACHUSETTS: Chelmsford, 20-8-29, Betula
populifolia; Lynnfield, V-11-18, Betula populifolia; Newton, 1938;
Southbridge. MICHIGAN: Cheboygan Co., 8-2-1934. MINNESOTA:
St. Anthony Park, 7-24-91; Eaglesnest, Aug. 8, 1957. MISSOURI:
Columbia, August 10, 1904. NEW HAMPSHIRE: Durham. NEW
YORK: Cranberry Lake, 8-8-25; Big Indian Valley, Catskill Mts., V-
23-06; Orient Pt., Sept. 8, 1917; Ringwood, May 23, 1937. NORTH
CAROLINA: Davidson Co., May 22, 1958, on birch (larvae). NOVA
SCOTIA: recorded by Brown (1940) from Cape Breton I. ONTARIO:
recorded by Raizenne, (1957). PENNSYLVANIA: Marysville, VII-
14-12. QUEBEC: Cascapedia R., VIJ-10-1935, white birch. SAS-
KATCHEWAN: recorded by Wong (1954). UTAH: Logan, August
16, 1950. VERMONT: W. Topsham, Waits River, June 21, 1941. VIR-
GINIA: Strong Man Mt., July 31, 1900 (H. G. Dyar “11C”). WIS-
CONSIN: Cranmoor, VI-9-10.

Larva.—The larva was described by Dyar (1893) and Yuasa (1922).
Typically, each segment of the body has a large supraspiracular dark
brown spot and two smaller subspiracular dark brown spots (fig. 17)
as well as a dark spot between the prolegs on each abdominal segment.
The head is black, and the apex of the tenth tergum is dark brown.

178 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

The supraspiracular spots are variable in size and may coalesce in some
specimens to form a nearly solid, broad dorsal stripe.

Host and Biology.—Larvae feed on various species of birch including
Betula papyrifera Marsh. (Wong, 1954; Raizenne, 1957), B. lutea
Michx. (Raizenne, 1957), and Betula lenta L., B. nigra L., and B.
populifolia Marsh. according to the host labels on specimens.

Wong (1954) studied this species in Manitoba and Saskatchewan.
He noted that the larvae are gregarious and feed on the edge of the
leaf and are found in early June and in September. There is one genera-
tion a year or a “second or partial generation.” In Ontario, larvae were
observed in late June and early September by Raizenne (1957). Co-
coons were spun in early July and adults were found in early August.

Many specimens associated with Hopkins’ numbers were reared from
various species of birch in Connecticut. All were laboratory rearings.
In most cases larvae were collected in late July through the middle of
August and brought into the laboratory where adults emerged during
September of the same year. In one rearing, larvae were collected in
July and adults emerged the first part of August of the same year, and,
in another rearing, larvae were collected the first of October and adults
emerged during May of the following year. From those larvae col-
lected in August, most of the adults appeared during the same year,
but some did not appear unitl May of the following year. According
to these data, there are either two generations a year or part of the
second brood may remain in a cocoon in the soil, not emerging until
the following year. A change of host plants was attempted in one ex-
periment; larvae collected from white birch were transferred to black
birch in the laboratory. The larvae apparently fed, but, within 10 days,
all the larvae died.

Discussion.—This is the most commonly encountered species in this
genus and is distinguished from the other species of Croesus by the
dull and roughened mesopleuron and by the slight lobe at the apex of
the hindbasitarsus. The black abdomen of the female will separate
latitarsus from varus, and the red-banded abdomen of the male will
separate it from castaneae. Annuli 2 to 9 of the lancet of latitarsus are
nearly straight, as opposed the distinctly curved annuli of the lancet
of curvarius and varus.

Croesus varus ( Villaret)

Nematus varus Villaret, 1832, Soc. Ent. France Ann. 1:306; Dalla Torre, 1894,
Catalogus Hymenoptorum, Vol. I., p. 268, lists numerous references to this
species in European literature prior to 1894.

Croesus varus: Kirby, 1882, List Hym. Brit. Mus., p. 102; Konow, 1905, Genera
Insectorum, fase. 29, p. 61; van Rossum, 1906, Ent. Bericht. 32:141; Buckle,
1930, Can. Ent. 62:21; Ross, 1951, U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, p. 42;
Lorenz and Kraus, 1957, Die Larvalsystematik der Blattwespen, p. 219; Benson,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 179

1958, Handbooks for Identification of British Insects, Vol. 6, pt. 2(c), p. 211;
Benson, 1963, Ent. Tidskr. 84:26.

Female—Length, 9.0 mm. Antenna and head black; clypeus, labrum, and
mouthparts whitish. Thorax black with posterior margin of pronotum and tegula
light orange. Front and middle legs with each coxa black, trochanter, tibia, and
tarsus whitish, and femur orange; hindlegs with basal third of coxa black, apical
two-thirds whitish, trochanter whitish, femur orange, with black at extreme tip,
basal half of tibia white, apical half black, tarsus black. Abdomen black with
segments 3 to 6 orange. Wings uniformly, very lightly infuscated.

Postocellar area slightly less than two times broader than long. Mesopleuron
shiny, with well-spaced punctures; mesosternum shiny with fewer punctures than
mesopleuron. Hindleg similar to that of curvarius (fig. 2). Lancet with 13 seg-
ments, annuli 2 to 8 with lateral armature and each curved backward ventrally;
central and apical serrulae moderately deep, each with no anterior and 4 or 5
coarse posterior subbasal teeth (fig. 6).

Male.—Unknown in North America, and I have not seen specimens. According
to Benson (1958) very rare but similar in color and structure to the female. The
penis valve is illustrated by Benson (1958, fig. 653).

Type.—Not examined and location unknown. The application of
this name is based on Benson (1958) and European specimens in the
U.S. National Museum identified by Benson.

Distribution.—Palaearctic, from Europe to Siberia; eastern Canada.
QUEBEC: Montreal, 8-VIII-26, J. W. Buckle (1 2, in the Lyman En-
tomological Museum, McDonald College, Quebec). NOVA SCOTIA:
specimen not seen, recorded by Kirby, (1882).

Host.—In Europe, the larva feeds on Alnus (Benson, 1958).

Larva.—Not examined, but described by Lorenz and Kraus (1957).
The larvae apparently has one large supraspiracular spot and two small
subspiracular black spots on each segment of the body, similar to the
larva of latitarsus; however, the head is reddish-brown or reddish-
vellow rather than black.

Discussion.—Kirby (1882) first recorded this species from a speci-
men that he had from North America, and Buckle (1930) later reported
it from a specimen he collected in Montreal. The female Buckle col-
lected is the only North American specimen I have seen.

The female is readily separated from other North American species
of Croesus by the red-banded abdomen and orange femora. The lancet
is also distinctive in that annuli 2 to 7 are markedly curved backward
at their bases.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I appreciate the cooperation of the following who have made this revision possi-
ble: D. W. Webb, Illinois Natural History Survey, Urbana; V. R. Vickery, Lyman
Entomological Museum, McDonald College, Quebec; H. E. Evans, Museum of
Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; H. E.

180 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

Milliron, Entomology Research Institute, Canada Department of Agriculture, Ot-
tawa; M. G. Emsley, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia; P. A. Godwin
and A. Squires, U.S. Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station,
Hamden, Connecticut; Harold Greenbaum, University of Florida, Gainesville; and
W. W. Middlekauff, University of California, Berkeley. Other material used in
the revision is in the U.S. National Museum.

Much of the biological data for C. castaneae and C. latitarsus was obtained from
the Hopkin’s cards on file in the Systematic Entomology Laboratory, U.S. Depart-
ment of Agriculture.

REFERENCES

BENSON, R. B. 1958. Hymenoptera (Symphyta). Family Tenthredinidae. In
Royal Entomological Society of London, Handbooks for the Identification of
British Insects, v. 6, pt. 2(c), pp. 139-252.

1963. The Nematinae (Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae) of south-
east Asia. Ent. Tidskr. 84:18-27.

BUCKLE, J. W. 1930. Croesus varus (de Villaret) (Hymenoptera). Can. Ent.
62:21—22.

DYAR, H. G. 1893. Descriptions of the larvae of certain Tenthredinidae. Can.
Ent. 25:244-248.

KIRBY, W. F. 1882. List of Hymenoptera in the British Museum. 450 pp.
London.

LORENZ, H. and M. KRAUS. 1957. Die Larvalsystematik der Blattwespen
(Tenthredinoidea und Megalodontoidea). 339 pp. Berlin.

MIDDLETON, W. 1922. Descriptions of some North American sawfly larvae.
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 61:1-31.

NORTON, E. 1862. A description of several new Hymenoptera. Proc. Ent.
Soc. Philadelphia 1:189-224.

RAIZENNE, H. 1957. Forest sawflies of southern Ontario and their parasites.
Canada Dept. Agr. Pub. 1009, 45 pp.

ROSS, H. H. 1951. Tenthredinidae. In Muesebeck, C. F. W., et al., Hymenop-
tera of America North of Mexico. Synoptic Catalog, U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr.
Monog. 2, pp. 22-82.

WONG, H. R. 1952. Common sawflies feeding on white birch in the forested
areas of Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Can Ent. 86:154—-158.

YUASA, H. 1922. A classification of the larvae of the Tenthredinidae. Ill. Biol.
Monog. 7, pp. 1-172.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 181

THE LAST INSTAR CATERPILLAR OF THIOPTERA NIGROFIMBRIA
(GUENEE)
(LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE )

GreorcE L. Goprrey, Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station, University of
Illinois and Illinois Natural History Survey, Urbana, Illinois 61801

ABSTRACT—The last instar caterpillar of Thioptera (olim Xanthoptera) nigro-
fimbria (Guenée) is redescribed. The characters of the head capsule, mouthparts,
and body are illustrated.

There is only one brief description of the caterpillar of Thioptera
(olim Xanthoptera) nigrofimbria (Guenée) in the literature. That
account is by Forbes (1954): “. . . with first two pairs of prolegs
minute; cylindrical with strong annulations, green with faint white
lines (Franclemont).” In his description of the larva of Lithacodia
muscosula (Guenée), Forbes (1954) indicated that the larval head of
Thioptera nigrofimbria bears dark adfrontal stripes. I question this,
since of the 12 preserved caterpillars of T. nigrofimbria that I ex-
amined, none had the slightest trace of any stripes on the head. It has
been my experience that dark head capsule markings are retained even
in preserved specimens (Godfrey, 1970). Such characters also are
retained on cast-off head capsules of certain geometrids (McGuffin,
1969). The following description emphasizes characters that I believe
are the most useful for the purposes of identifying and classifying
noctuid caterpillars.

DESCRIPTION

General. Head 1.5-1.6 mm wide. Total length 17-21 mm. Abdominal prolegs
minute on third and fourth abdominal segments, normal on segments five and six.
Crochets uniordinal. Head and body smooth. Dorsal abdominal setae simple,
3.84.0 times height of seventh abdominal spiracle; dorsal abdominal setal inser-
tions flat.

Head. Postgenal sutures straight, parallel to each other or slightly curved.
Epicranial suture 1.3 times longer than height of frons (fig. 2). Distance from
frontal setae (F-1) to fronto-clypeal suture 0.28 times the distance between F-1’s.
Second adfrontal seta (AF-2) definitely posterior of apex of frons. Anterior setae
(A 1-3) nearly forming right angle. Lateral seta (L) posterior of line formed by
AF-2’s. First posterior seta (P-1) caudad of juncture of adfrontal sutures. Inter-
spaces between ocelli (Oc) 1-2 and 2—3 subequal; same interspaces slightly greater
than width of Oc-1; distance between Oc 3-4 about twice that of Oc 2-3 (fig. 5).

Mouthparts. Oral surface of labrum unspined. Hypopharyngeal complex (fig.
1): spinneret long, tapering distad, surpassing tip of Lp-2; stipular seta subequal
to Lps-1 and Lp-2; Lp-1 distinctly longer than Lps-2, about % length of Lp-2;
distal region unspined except for scattered, short spines near proximo-lateral region;
proximo-lateral region with single row of long, stout spines. Mandible (fig. 4):

182 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

\ | :

\ alt al

Figs. 1-7. Thioptera nigrofimbria (Guenée): 1, hypopharyngeal complex; 2,
head capsule; 3, lateral view of anal segment; 4, oral view of left mandible; 5,
ocelli; 6, lateral view of prothoracic segment; 7, venter of first abdominal segment.

PROG. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 183

inner surface with one distinct inner ridge and one poorly defined region suggesting
an inner tooth; outer teeth 1 and 2 distinct, triangular; outer teeth 3-6 fused,
form a thin, curved cutting edge.

Thorax. Segment T-1 (fig. 6): seta D-2 caudad of line formed by D-1 and
XD-2; major axis of prothoracic spiracle passing posterior of both SD-1 and -2,
between SV-1 and -2; SD 1-2 located anterior of transverse line passing through
D-2. Segments T 2-3: seta L-1 located above and slightly behind L-2; base of
tarsal claw angulated to slightly rounded; distal tarsal setae slightly broadened
basally.

Abdomen. Segment Ab-1: Three subventral setae present, SV-1 located postero-
laterad of line formed by ventral seta (V) and SV-3 (fig. 7). Segments Ab 2-6
also with three subventral setae. Segment Ab-8: only one seta in each subventral
group. Segment Ab-9: seta SD-1 hairlike, thinner than setae D 1-2. Subanal
setae stout, noticeably thicker than lateral setae of anal proleg (fig. 3).

Host. Reared on Digitaria (= Syntherisma) sp. by J. G. Francle-
mont. Forbes (1954) stated, “Also reported from Ipomoea, in a fruit
capsule, but doubtless a straggler.”

Material examined. Twelve specimens: Arlington, Virginia. June-
July, 1950. From ova laid by female collected by J. G. Franclemont.

DIscUSSION

In comparison with other noctuid caterpillars of which I have
knowledge either through direct examination or the literature, there
are two species similar to Thioptera nigrofimbria. These are Lithacodia
muscosula (Guenée) of the New World and an Old World species
called Jaspidia pygarga (Hufnagel) by Beck (1960). Similar shaped
hypopharynges, mandibles and feeding habits support this view. Addi-
tionally, they all have three subventral setae on the first abdominal
segment. Beck (1960) discussed these points for pygarga, and Godfrey
(1971) for Lithacodia muscosula. The last instar caterpillars of Thiop-
tera nigrofimbria and Jaspidia pygarga both have enlarged subanal
setae which Lithacodia muscosula does not. Thioptera nigrofimbria
differs from the other two species by the presence of vestigial prolegs
on the third abdominal segment. These structures are absent on the
third abdominal segments of Lithacodia muscosula and Jaspidia pygara.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Some of the illustrations in this paper were drawn while I was supported as a
graduate research assistant in the Department of Entomology at Cornell Univer-
sity by USDA AGR RMA Grant No. 12—14—100-8031(33). The Illinois Agricul-
tural Experiment Station, University of Illinois and the Illinois Natural History
Survey provided financial support that allowed me to complete this paper. I
especially thank Dr. J. G. Franclemont of Cornell University for loaning me the
specimens that were used for this study and for his advice and comments. I
also thank Drs. E. L. Todd of the Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural
Research Division, USDA, and W. E. LaBerge of the Illinois Natural History
Survey for their suggestions.

184 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

REFERENCES

BECK, H. von. 1960. Die Larvalsystematik der Eulen (Noctuidae). Akad.-
Verlag, Berlin. 406 + vi pp.

FORBES, W. T. M. 1954. Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states.
Pt. 3. Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta. Mem. 329. 433 pp.

GODFREY, G. L. 1970. A review and reclassification of the larvae of the sub-
family Hadeninae (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). Ph.D. Thesis. Cornell Univ.
478 pp.

1971. The larvae of Lithacodia muscosula, L. carneola, and
Neoerastria apicosa (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Jour. Kans. Ent. Soc. (In
press ).

McGUFFIN, W. C. 1969. Larval head capsule characters for specific identifi-
cation in Deilinia and Drepanulatrix (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Can. Ent.
101; 1228-1231.

NOTES ON SOME CTENOCEPHALIDES FROM MICRONESIA
(SIPHONAPTERA: PULICIDAE )

The following additional geographical records and comments supplement those
given for the genus in Micronesia by Hopkins (1961, Ins. Micronesia 14(4):91-
107). Material is deposited in the B. P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii.

Ctenocephalides felis felis (Bouché). YAP. Map: 1 9, on man, 5.XII.1963,
F. A. Bianchi. S. MARIANA IS. Guam: 4 ¢ 6, 3 9 9, Navy housing area, II-
IIT.1959.

Ctenocephalides orientis (Jordan). Hopkins (op. cit.) listed three females of
Ctenocephalides canis (Curtis) from Guam. These specimens are excessively
cleared and in very poor condition. An additional male and female of this lot
were not listed, apparently because he considered them undeterminable (written
on slide). With careful examination using a phase contrast microscope, two to
four minute spiniforms can be seen above the antennal fossa on two of the three
females. These spiniforms are not obvious on the third female, probably due to
its poor condition. All three females have only one short, stout bristle in the in-
terval between the postmedian and apical long bristles of the dorsal region of the
hind tibia. In my opinion, these specimens are C. orientis rather than C. canis.
There are no other valid records of C. canis from Micronesia and the species should
be deleted from the list of Siphonaptera for the area.

Nrxon Wixson, Department of Biology, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar
Falls, Iowa 50613.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 185

A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF ANOBIIDAE FROM BRAZIL
( COLEOPTERA )

Ricuarp E. Wuite, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural
Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture’

ABSTRACT—The new genus and species Neoptilinus granulatus White is
described from Lambary, Brazil. The new genus belongs to the Ptilininae and is
related to Ptilinus.

Seven specimens from the recently purchased Halik collection con-
stitute a new genus and species nearest the almost world-wide genus
Ptilinus. The following descriptions are from these specimens.

Neoptilinus, n. gen.

Type-species: Neoptilinus granulatus, n. sp.

General: Body elongate-cylindrical, nearly parallel-sided from dorsal view;
pubescence sparse and short; all body surfaces densely, finely granulate; body
black.

Head: Eyes of both sexes rather small, bulging; front nearly evenly convex
side to side; clypeus weakly marked posteriorly, labrum densely pubescent; antenna
1l-segmented, that of male strongly pectinate from 4th to 10th segments, that
of female serrate from 3rd to 10th segments; last segment of maxillary and labial
palpi elongate and pointed; mentum transversely trapezoidal, narrowed anteriorly.

Dorsal surface: Pronotum elongate, slightly wider than long, with 2 longitudinal
carinae basally, lateral margin fine, distinct, complete; scutellum small, transverse;
elytra not striate, humerus distinct, lateral margin markedly sinuate, epipleuron
wide.

Ventral surface: Prosternum length before front coxae equal to width of a
coxa, depressed, extending between coxae, nearly attaining coxal apex; front coxae
separated by nearly 4% width of a coxa; middle coxae separated by nearly 4% width
of a coxa; metepisternum wide, narrowed near base by elytron; metipimeron large,
visible; metasternum grooved posteriorly at center; hind coxae narrow, elongate,
not attaining elytra; Ist abdominal segment slightly depressed, not carinate for
hind legs; in male 5th abdominal segment longest, rather cone-shaped, Ist seg-
ment second longest, 2nd segment moderate in length, 3rd and 4th segments
subequal, shortest; in female lst segment longest, 5th second longest, 2nd seg-
ment moderate, 3rd and 4th subequal, shortest, 5th segment more distinctly cone-
shaped than in male; Ist abdominal suture weaker than others but evident through-
out, bisinuate, others nearly straight and weakly double at center; pygidium of
both sexes exposed beyond elytral apex.

This genus belongs to the subfamily Ptilininae and is most nearly
related to Ptilinus Miiller. The primary differences are as follows: the
side of each elytron is faintly sinuate in Ptilinus, but in Neoptilinus it

1 Mail address: c/o U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560.

186 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

1 Z Seas R White

Figs. 1-4. Neoptilinus granulatus, n. gen., n. sp.: 1, holotype male, lateral; 2,
same, dorsal, appendages omitted; 3, same, ventral; 4, female antenna.

is distinctly sinuate; in Ptilinus the anterior tibia is toothed and in
Neoptilinus it is not toothed; and the pronotum of Ptilinus is asperate
anteriorly while that of Neoptilinus is not at all asperate.

Neoptilinus granulatus, n. sp.

(Figs. 14)

General: Body elongate cylindrical, 2.7 to 2.85 times as long as wide, pronotum
slightly wider than elytra; pubescence grayish, sparse, so short as to be difficult
to detect; body granulations smallest on metasternum and abdomen, largest at sides
and near base of pronotum; body black, femora black with reddish evident, tibiae,
tarsi and antennae dull dusky red; dorsal surface nearly lusterless, ventral surface
more shining.

Head: Eyes separated by 2.5 to 2.8 times vertical diameter of an eye; front
finely granulate, genae densely, rather coarsely punctate and finely granulate,
punctures on genae so dense as to obscure granulation; male antenna with Ist
segment long, arcuate, broadest apically, 2nd segment less than % as long as Ist,
with a broad basal process, width of segment about equal to length, 3rd segment
a little shorter than Ist, with a long basal process, width of segment %4 greater
than length, segments 4 through 10 short, subequal in length, each about 1% length
of 2nd segment, each with a process about 18 or 19 times as long as segment,
segment 11 much elongated, processes of segments 4 through 10, and segment 11,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 187

flattened, 2 to 3 times wider than deep; antenna of female with 1st segment long,
arcuate, widest apically, 2nd segment less than 1% length of Ist, triangular, a little
longer than wide, 3rd segment shorter than Ist, triangular, longer than wide, seg-
ments 4 through 10 similar in length, each about % as long as Ist, each produced
laterally and wider than long, process of 4th segment lateral, processes of following
segments becoming more inclined, 11th segment spindle shaped, over 2 times as
long as wide; last segment of maxillary palpus roughly 3 times as long as wide,
last segment of labial palpus roughly 4 times as long as wide (palpi of specimens
obscured ).

Dorsal surface: Pronotum longitudinally, shallowly depressed at center, de-
pression bordered basally with 2 distinct carinae, surface somewhat depressed
lateral to each basal carina, and depressed before humerus, disk somewhat pro-
duced each side of longitudinal depression, granulation fine and dense, granula-
tions largest at sides and in depressions near base; each elytron with a weak
longitudinal carina at base midway between suture and humerus, latter fairly
prominent, granulations largest at side and base.

Ventral surface: Prosternum granulate; metasternum granulate-punctate, punc-
tures irregular in size; abdomen granulate-punctate, punctures irregular in size.

Length: 4.1 to 5.0 mm.

The male holotype (USNM no. 71444), the allotype, and the 5
paratypes (2 males, 3 females ) are in the U.S. National Museum of
Natural History and bear the data, Lambary, M. Geraes, XI, 1924,
J. Halik, Brazil, Halik 1966, Collection. The holotype bears the Halik
collection number 10523, the allotype bears 2259, the 2 male paratypes
bear 2261 and 2361, and the 3 female paratypes bear 2260, 2362, and
2360. Lambary is located just northwest of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

If aptness is an attribute of the words published by M. Pic (see
references) to validate his 7 Brazilian Ptilinus species names, then
N. granulatus has not already been named, for all of Pic’s descriptions
have at least a word or two which do not fit this species. The descrip-
tions (consisting of as few as 15 words) are vague and superficial, but
each mentions one or more characters not possessed by this species,
such as reddish color, elytral striae, or dense pubescence.

REFERENCES

PIC, M. 1901. Descriptions de Coléoptéres nouveaux. Le Naturaliste, Ser. 2,
no. 354, p. 278.
1917. Descriptions abrégées diverses. Mel. Exot.-Ent. 23:2-20.
1922. Nouveautés diverses. Mel. Exot.-Ent. 35:1-32.
1932. Nouveautés diverses. Mel. Exot.-Ent. 60:1-36.

188 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., vOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

TABANIDAE OF PATUXENT WILDLIFE RESEARCH CENTER,
LAUREL, MARYLAND. THE SECOND YEAR.
( DirTERA )

Patrick H. THompson, Veterinary Toxicology and Entomology
Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural
Research Service, College Station, Texas 77840

ABSTRACT—A second successive year of intensive study at Patuxent Wildlife
Research Center produced 4,807 specimens representing 37 species of Tabanidae:
17 in Chrysops, 14 in Tabanus, and 6 in Hybomitra. Forty-three species in 3 genera
were collected in the 2-year study. The 1968 and 1969 faunas were very similar,
only 9 species being collected in only 1 year (6 of these represented by 1 speci-
men). Hybomitra lasiophthalma (Macquart) and 5 Chrysops species (C. pudicus
Osten Sacken, C. montanus Osten Sacken, C. vittatus Wiedemann, C. flavidus
Wiedemann, and C. callidus Osten Sacken) were the most abundant species in
both years; all but C. callidus comprised 57-58% of the material collected. Most
species appeared within 2 sample-days of those species preceding them, and the
order of seasonal succession of each species was similar in both years. However,
in 1969 the 12 dominant species were 5-30 days earlier than in 1968; with popu-
lations of those dominants having sharp and regular rates of increase and decline
(C. callidus, C. vittatus, and H. lasiophthalma), peaks of abundance were also
earlier in 1969 (10-25 days). The most abundant 1969 dominants decreased
negligibly (C. montanus, 5.1%; and C. vittatus, 6.4%) or increased 20-40% (C.
flavidus, Tabanus lineola F., T. petiolatus Hine, and H. lasiophthalma).

Initial intensive collections of Tabanidae at Patuxent Wildlife Re-
search Center in 1965 (Thompson, 1967b) were followed in 1968
(Thompson, 1970) with more collections made periodically to describe
the fauna in detail. The present paper describes annual differences in
population numbers and in seasonal distribution of these species.

METHODS

The physiography of Patuxent Wildlife Research Center (PWRC),
descriptions of trap sites, and use of collection methods, were previ-
ously described (Thompson, 1970). To enable comparison of results
from the 2 years of study, Manitoba traps and overhead collections
were used in the same sites, except the Manitoba trap at the river site
and the associated overhead collections, was not operated because of
poor catches in 1968. Data taken from this trap in 1968 were excluded
from comparisons made in this paper. Routine collections by both
methods were made on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays at the 2
remaining sites, (the opening and pit) from May 9 through Sept. 13,
1969. (Collection dates for the 2 years of study differed by only 1 day;
therefore, the 1968 dates will be used here. )

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 189

RESULTS AND DiIscussION

The Fauna.—This study produced 4,807 females (and 2 males) rep-
resenting 37 species in 3 genera: 17 in Chrysops, 14 in Tabanus, and
6 in Hybomitra (Table 1). The 1968 and 1969 faunas were very simi-
lar (see Thompson, 1970, fig. 3). The 3 genera collected included
similar numbers of species in 1968 and 1969: Chrysops, 18 and 17;
Tabanus, 17 and 14; and Hybomitra, 5 and 6. C. delicatulus, C. dim-
mocki, C. flavidus var. reicherti, T. calens, T. fairchildi, and T. sparus
var. milleri were collected in 1968, but not in 1969. C. beameri, C.
separatus, and H. illota were collected in 1969, but not in 1968. Six
of the above 9 species were represented by 1 specimen; 3 species, by
3 specimens.

Comparison of Collecting Methods.—The Manitoba trap was again
collective; only 5 Chrysops spp. (C. aberrans, C. beameri, C. cursim,
C. geminatus, and C. univittatus) were not taken in Manitoba traps
(Table 1). The first 3 of these were represented by only 1-2 specimens.
Additional conclusions made here would corroborate those made for
the 1968 study regarding the collectivity of the Manitoba trap, its
efficiency for collection of C. callidus, and the effectiveness of over-
head collections for 7 of the 8 dominant Chrysops spp. (especially for
C. macquarti, C. univittatus, and C. vittatus ).

Site Specificity and Fly Habitat Selection.—Again the gravel pit site
was a more productive collection site than the opening. Only | species
(T. swperjumentarius) was taken at the opening and not at the gravel
pit. But catches of the same 4 species (T. lineola, T. pallidescens, T.
subsimilis, and T. sulcifrons) were again greater at the opening.

Relative Abundance.—Fig. 1 (Thompson, 1970) showed the relative
abundance of 24 species represented by 10 or more specimens. The
group of abundant species or dominants (i.e., those with > 50 speci-
mens) included the same 13 species in both years with 1 exception;
T. sulcifrons decreased from 64 specimens in 1968 to 15 in 1969. In both
years, the 6 most abundant dominants were the same, and 57-58% of
all specimens collected included the same 4 Chrysops spp. (C. pudicus,
C. montanus, C. vittatus, and C. flavidus) and H. lasiophthalma.

Seasonal Distribution.—Fig. | compares the population distributions
of species represented by 50 or more specimens each year (T. sulcifrons
had less than 50 specimens in 1969). Populations of all dominants were
earlier (5-30 days) in 1969 than in 1968; with those dominants having
sharp and regular rates of increase and decline in both years (C.
callidus, C. vittatus, and H. lasiophthalma), peaks of abundance were
also earlier in 1969 (10-25 days). In 1969, populations of the most
abundant dominants (those represented by 300 specimens ) either de-
creased negligibly (C. montanus, by 5.1% and C. vittatus, by 6.4%) or
increased appreciably (20-40%) (C. flavidus, T. lineola, T. petiolatus,

190 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

Table 1.—Collection methods and catches (females) of Tabanidae taken at
Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, 1969.

Manitoba Trap Overhead Grand

Species Totals Totals Totals
Chrysops aberrans Philip 2 2
beameri Brennan 1 1
callidus Osten Sacken 403 21 424
calvus Pechuman & Teskey 11 11
carbonarius Walker i 1
celatus Pechuman 53 164 217
cincticornis Walker 18 18
cursim Whitney 1 1
flavidus Wiedemann 179 347 526
geminatus Wiedemann 14 14
macquarti Philip 4 163 167
montanus Osten Sacken DAY By 588
niger Macquart 15 1 16
pudicus Osten Sacken 240 397 637
separatus Hine 1 il
univittatus Macquart 60 60
vittatus Wiedemann 1 564 565
Tabanus lineola Fabricius 399 399
marginalis Fabricius 12 12
melanocerus Wiedemann 33 33
molestus Say 1 i
nigripes Wiedemann 26 26
pallidescens Philip vf vf
petiolatus Hine 244 2 246
pumilis Macquart ll itd
quinquevittatus Wied. 3 3
similis Macquart 6 6
subsimilis Bellardi 31 31
sulcifrons Macquart 14 1 15
superjumentarius Whitney 1 1
trimaculatus P. de B. 260 260
Hybomitra hinei hinei (Johnson) 4 1 5
illota (Osten Sacken)* 1 if
lasiophthalma ( Macq.) A469 2} A471
sodalis ( Williston ) 13 13
trispila ( Williston ) 4 4
typhus (Whitney ) 13 13

a Maryland State record and southward extension of U.S. distribution (1 female, June 2).

191

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

"6961 PUR QOGBT “te}UED Yorvasoy oFI[P[IAA JUOxNyeg ‘oepruvqey, FO satoods yuepunqe ysout ZT ay} FO UONGLYsIp [RUOsSeag— | “IT

tdos ysnbne Aint aunt Aew idas ysnbne Aint aunt Aew
ES Ob mmeC MOUNON mC ROCMOhUNc URGE MIPCHmLCmNY DNC iLeuatc aH OL CLP tSeOEy Ser Sl Gre ic) “Sch Gh cl Sm ee slo vi aeZs emre: ZPOL
as (@)
6961
26 OL
snzejao"o
oz

el 9 OCF €2 OL G ¢ 92 JCk sch Si s¢ be yl Ze le ve Zt Ob

N

(soBbeuaae BHuluuns ajdwes-c) sojewa; jo Joquinu

€
s eb
Gl © Ge GS Ob GG Ge ey Ph OG ce Tet lie ta 7b sel nia
ee gp I
os
Ob Ave Ob
snzeloiyed ‘1 ies (0)
OL
oz
Bi OS G2 Ol OG He be Gl eh @ Ga Te (he ie Tea ol ; Be
tt ttt pt ttt 5 SNPIARI} ‘D |
: = | ee
Ol Ge fl Gy bd bb OG. ots Cod Gee Te ee IS eb se
Somat) Nhe joz °
Snze|NIewlsz 1 ae OL

a 2 Cb G4 th 6G 2G Gl al 9S Ge lig a 7 ie fa Al ol Snyeqia'd

el 9) OE fe QL 6 e@ 9% Gh a G sc te Fl Lee beunv. crm ehanOle

Rloeull 1

6961

snuezyuoWw DS
SE. 9 (Of (£2 Sb 16) 2 92 iG) 2b Ss ‘82 12 Pr 2 Je be Zt

ie) eb 9 O€ €2 OF 6 cage UOhmacle Sh 8c ule orl eo temo .be (OF

snzeyqiaiun'd ol fo)
g896L
OL
ch 6) 6 GAO) & « oe Gh am ete he Gh 7 Iie tr) ab oll 6961 oz
fo)
oe
6961 OL snoipnd'5
[z4enboew "> Or

Oe

192 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

and H. lasiophthalma). The large percentage decreases in 1969 popu-
lations of C. univittatus (49.1%) and T. sulcifrons (73.5%) are less
significant because these species were represented by only small popu-
lations.

Although the Chrysops dominants appeared earlier in 1969, most
species continued as late into the season as they had the preceding
year. As in 1967 at Great Swamp (Thompson, 1967a, 1969), the dis-
tribution of C. callidus was discontinuous, with a 34-day interim be-
tween collection dates of the last 2 specimens (16 July—20 Aug.). This
species increased and declined more rapidly at PWRC than the other
Chrysops dominants (C. pudicus, C. montanus, C. vittatus, or C.
flavidus). Except for beginning dates, no major differences occurred
between the annual distributions of Chrysops dominants. As in 1968,
populations of the dominants of Tabanus and Hybomitra increased and
declined gradually. Again the distribution of H. lasiophthalma was
similar to that of C. callidus.

REFERENCES

THOMPSON, P. H. 1967a. Abundance and seasonal distribution of the Tabani-
dae (Diptera) of the Great Swamp, New Jersey. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 60:
1255—60.

1967b. Tabanidae of Maryland. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 93:463-—
519.

1969. Abundance and seasonal distribution of the Tabanidae
(Diptera) of the Great Swamp, New Jersey. Part IJ. The second year. Ann.
Ent. Soc. Amer. 62:1429-33.

1970. Tabanidae (Diptera) of Patuxent Wildlife Research Center,
Laurel, Maryland. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 63:572-76.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 193

DISTRIBUTIONAL RECORDS OF SOME GELASTOCORIDAE IN THE
COLLECTION OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
( HEMIPTERA )

E. L. Topp, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural
Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture!

ABSTRACT—Distributional records are given for 28 species and subspecies in
2 genera of Gelastocoridae.

A small assemblage of unidentified Gelastocoridae from the collec-
tion of the American Museum of Natural History, New York, has been
examined. A total of 212 specimens representing 28 species or sub-
species were included. The species identified and localities at which
they were collected are listed as follows.

Gelastocoris oculatus oculatus (F.) 1798, Suppl. Ent. Syst. p. 525.

Alabama: Gallant, 1¢. Arizona: 5 mi. W. Portal, Cochise Co., 11 ¢, 13 9;
S.W.R.S., Chiricahua Mts., Cochise Co., 1 6, 2 9; Littlefield, 1 ¢; Grand
Canyon, 1 ¢, 1 @. Arkansas: Wedington Lake, Ozark Forest, Franklin Co.,
1 @. California: N. San Juan, Nevada Co.,2 ¢,2 9; Leggett St. Pk., Mendocino
Co., 1 2; Dodge Ridge Ski Area, Tuolumne Co., 7 6, 5 9; Big Sur, Monterey
Co., 1 9; Cloverdale, Sonoma Co., 1 ¢; Pine Valley, San Diego Co., 1 9; Mt.
Shasta, 1 9; San Gabriel, Los Angeles Co., 3 ¢, 1 9. Florida: Valparaiso, 1 ¢,
1 9. Indiana: New Harmony, 1 ¢, 1 @. New Jersey: Jackson Mills, 1 ¢.
Tennessee: Memphis, 1 9. Texas: 2 mi. S. Nacogdoches, 1 9. México: San
Ignacio, Baja California, 2 9. The females from Baja California are the first I
have examined from that part of México.

Gelastocoris oculatus variegatus (Guérin-Méneville), 1844, Icon. Reg. Animal B.

Guvier, pt. 7, p. 352.

México: Oaxaca, Oaxaca, 10 6,9 9; Paderon, Rio Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, 1 ¢.
Gelastocoris bufo (H.-S.), 1840, Wanz. Insecten 5:88, pl. 174, fig. 536.

México: Mitla, Oaxaca, 1 @.

Gelastocoris rotundatus Champion, 1901, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Rhynch., Heter. 2:

34An, ple 20, fie. 18,

México: Tequixistlan, Oaxaca, 1 9.

Gelastocoris hungerfordi Melin, 1929, Zool. Bidrag fran Uppsala 12: 168, figs.

5, 27-31.

México: 5 mi. E. Villa Union, Sinaloa, 4 ¢,5 2; 40 mi. N. Mazatlan, Sinaloa,
2 9; 10 mi. N.E. Xilitla, San Luis Potosi, 1 ¢. Costa Rica: Turrialba, 1 ¢,1 9.
Gelastocoris peruensis Melin, 1929, Zool. Bidrag fran Uppsala 12:160, figs. 4, 15.

Peri: Rio Ucayali, 2 4; Upper Rio Huallaga, 1 9.

Gelastocoris nebulosus (Guérin-Méneville), 1844, Icon. Reg. Animal B. Cuvier,

Dea tip. ool.

Peri: Middle Rio Ucayali, 2 6, 1 @. Brazil: Corupa, Santa Catarina, 1 9.
Gelastocoris fuscus Martin, 1929, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 18(4):364, pl. 58, fig.

jeep ooetigs. 17, 19a: 19b:

1 Mail address: U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560.

194 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

Peri: Middle Rio Ucayali, 1 ¢, 1 9; Achinamiya, 1 9; Rio Santiago, 1 9;
Manis, 1 ¢. Brazil: Rio Javary, Benjamin Constant, Amazonas, 2 9.
Gelastocoris vicinus Champion, 1901, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Rhynch., Heter. 2:349.

México: Tolosa, Oaxaca, 1 6,2 9.

Nerthra martini Todd, 1954, Pan-Pacific Ent. 30(2):113, figs. 1, 5.

California: Cleveland Nat. For., San Diego Co., 1 ¢, 1 9; Palm Canyon, 5
mi. S. Palm Springs, Riverside Co., 1 ¢. México: 41 mi. E. El Rosario, Norte,
Baja California, 2 6,3 9; 23 mi. S. El Marmol, Norte, Baja California, 5 ¢, 2 9;
Arroyo San Javier, 28 mi. S.W. Loreto, Sur, Baja California, 5 ¢, 2 9; San
Ignacio Mission, Sur, Baja California, 1 ¢; 37 mi. W. El Rosario, Norte, Baja
California, 1 @.

Nerthra hungerfordi Todd, 1955, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 37, pt. 1(11):398, figs.

Sl, 160.78:

México: Huixtla Riv., Chiapas, 1 ¢. Guatemala: Variedades, Such., 1 ¢. The
male from México is the first I have examined from that country.

Nerthra fuscipes (Guérin-Méneville), 1843, Rev. Zool. Travaux Ined. 6:114.

México: 20 mi. W. Acayucan, Veracruz, 1 ¢; Uxmal, Yucatan, 1 ¢, 1 9;
Campeche, Campeche, 5 92; Colonia, Yucatan, 1 9; Carrillo Puerto, Quintana
Roo, 1 @; Lago Catemaco, Veracruz, 2 9. Costa Rica: Turrialba, 1 ¢, 1 9.
Colombia: Jocorpa Mission, Sierra de Perija, Magdalena, 1 9°.

Nerthra manni Todd, 1955, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 37, pt. 1(11):396, figs. 54,

66, 80.

México: Xalitla, Guerrero, 1 ¢; Piaxtla Riv., Sinaloa, 1 ¢; Rio Casala, 2 mi.
S.E. Aguanueva, Sinaloa, 1 ¢; 5 mi. E. Villa Union, Sinaloa, 2 2; Tolosa, Oaxaca,
Wie
Nerthra montandoni (Melin), 1929, Zool. Bidrag fran Uppsala 12:195, fig. 95.

Trinidad: Arima Valley, 1 ¢.

Nerthra peruviana (Montandon), 1905, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung. 3:403.

Peri: Tingo Maria, Huanuco, 3 ¢, 1 9; Airport, Tingo Maria, Huanuco, 1 9;
Middle Rio Ucayali, 1 ¢,1 @.

Nerthra nepaeformis (F.), 1775, Syst. Ent. 2:693.

Brazil: Corupa, Santa Catarina, 3 9; Jacareacanga, Para, 1 9.

Nerthra terrestris (Kevan), 1948, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (Ser. 11) 14:813.

Trinidad: Arima Valley, 1 2. Venezuela: Road La Victoria-El] Vigia, Merida,
2 4,1 9. Pert: Rio Ucayali, 1¢,1 9; Rio Abujao, 1 ¢, 1 9; Middle Rio Ucayali,
1 6,2 2. Brazil: Boraceia, Salesopolis, S40 Paulo, 2 9.

Nerthra bracchialis Todd, 1955, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 37, pt. 1(11):400, figs.

AD Tl, 79)

México: 42 mi. E. Villa Union, Sinaloa, 1 @.

Nerthra unicornis (Melin), 1929, Zool. Bidrag fran Uppsala 12:179, figs. 50-53.

Paraguay: Paso-Yobai, Caaguazu, 1 ¢. This is the first specimen I have seen
from Paraguay.

Nerthra quinquedentata (Melin), 1929, Zool. Bidrag fran Uppsala 12:188, figs.

84-87.

Argentina: Mutquin, Catamarca, 1 ¢.

Nerthra ranina (Herrich-Schiffer), 1853, Wanz. Insecten 9:28, fig. 896.

Argentina: Mutquin, Catamarca, 1 9.

Nerthra ampliata (Montandon), 1899, Bull. Soc. Sci. Bucarest, Roumanie 8( 4/5):

AOA.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 195

New Guinea: No. 4, Kaindi on Meari Creek, 9.5 mi. from Wau, 1 2°.
Nerthra robusta Todd, 1955, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 37, pt. 1(11):429, figs. 102,
140.
New Guinea: Iamelele No. 1, Fergusson Isld. about 15 mi. No. 3, Papua, 2 ¢,
2 9; Reria Creek, Kwagira River, 50 mi. No. 7, 1 @.
Nerthra conabilis Todd, 1959, Nova Guinea, n. ser., 10, pt. 1:88, figs. 11, 22, 41.
New Guinea: Ulur Camp, Cromwell Mts., Morobe Dist., 2. ¢; Tempanpan,
Salaweket Range, Morobe Dist., 1 2; No. 7, Kotuni, south slope Mt. Otto, Eastern
Highlands Dist., 1 ¢.
Nerthra mixtella Todd, 1959, Nova Guinea, n. ser., 10, pt. 1:85, figs. 9, 38.
New Guinea: Biniguni, Gwariu River, 150 mi. No. 3, Papua, 1 9.
Nerthra cheesmanae Todd, 1959, Nova Guinea, n. ser., 10, pt. 1:82, fig. 24.
New Guinea: N. Slope No. 4, Mt. Dayman, Maneau Range, Papua, 1 ¢. This
species was described from an unique female, but I now have a fair series of males
from the collection of the Bishop Museum. The male sex of this species is, there-
fore, being described in a separate paper treating a large lot of material received
from that institution.
Nerthra probolostyla Todd, 1960, Pacific Insects 2(2):193, figs. 23, 34.
Australia: Brown’s Creek, Pascoe River, Queensland, 1 ¢, 1 9.
Nerthra alaticollis (Stal), 1854, Ofv. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Forhandl. 11:239.
Australia: Blackheath, New South Wales, 1 ¢; Katoomba, New South Wales,
oe

THE CORRECT HOST PLANT FOR GILPINIA PINDROWI BENSON
(HYMENOPTERA: DrPRIONIDAE)

In my paper on Pakistan sawflies (1971, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 73:401—408, I
recorded the hosts Abies pindrow Spach and Picea excelsa Link for the sawfly
Gilpinia pindrowi Benson. Benson (1961, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 13, 3:309-
310) described G. pindrowi and gave the host as Abies pindrow, and host labels
on all the specimens I have seen read “P. excelsa.”

Dr. M. A. Ghani, Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, Rawalpindi,
Pakistan (personal communication) informed me that the hosts recorded by Benson
and me are wrong and that the larvae of G. pindrowi feed only on the needles
of Pinus wallichiana Jackson. My interpretation of the host label “P. excelsa” was
in error; it actually refers to Pinus excelsa Wallich. Further investigation of the
correct host plant name, with the assistance of Dr. Dan H. Nicolson, Department
of Botany, Smithsonian Institution, revealed that the host plant is Pinus griffithii
McClelland. Satake (1971, In Hara, Flora East. Himalayas 2:12) treated this
species as follows: Pinus griffithii McClelland (1854) (= Pinus excelsa Wall.
ex D. Don (1824) not Lamarck, 1778; = Pinus wallichiana Jackson (1938) ).

According to Dr. Ghani, G. pindrowi is distributed over all the northern areas
of West Pakistan, not only in the Murree area as I stated.

Davi R. Smiru, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agri-
culture, c/o U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560.

196 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

SYNOPSIS OF THE NEOTROPICAL COCKROACHES OF THE
GENUS NESOMYLACRIS
(DicryopTrERA: BLATTARIA: BLATTELLIDAE )

Frank W. Fisx, Department of Entomology, Ohio State University,
Columbus, Ohio 43210

and

AsHLEY B. Gurney, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural
Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture*

ABSTRACT—Nesomylacris is a genus of small, short-winged, flightless cock-
roaches, now including the following 6 species: cubensis Rehn & Hebard and
fratercula Rehn (Cuba); relica R. & H. and derelicta, n. sp. (Jamaica); asteria,
n. sp. (Costa Rica); and reddelli, n. sp. (Tamaulipas, Mexico). So far as known,
they inhabit ground litter primarily; some specimens of reddelli have been taken
in a cave. Distinctive areas presumed to be of a glandular nature on the dorsum
of the male abdomen occur in several species. The phallomeres of the male geni-
talia and exposed external characters of male genital segments distinguish the
species, in addition to more general characters which serve in most cases.

As previously described, the genus Nesomylacris Rehn & Hebard
consists of three species, two from Cuba and one from Jamaica (Rehn
& Hebard, 1927; Rehn, 1930; Princis, 1969). We now describe three
additional species, one each from Jamaica, Costa Rica and Mexico,
thus broadening the distribution of the genus, also modifying the
characters which define it. The generic description given by Rehn &
Hebard (1927) must be changed as follows: 1. The apical male terga
are sometimes specialized; we describe specialization in three species,
including the type species, and closer study may eventually disclose
it in other species, though it is unknown for them now. 2. The group
of apical spines on the ventro-anterior margin of the front femur in-
cludes three spines, the basal one of which sometimes is only a little
longer than the adjacent spine of the main series. Rehn and Hebard
keyed out Nesomylacris as having three spines in the apical group, but
in the generic description said “. . . two larger spines.” 3. Pulvilli are
small and apical, usually on tarsal segments 1-4, rarely (reddelli, n.
sp. from Mexico, only) on penultimate segment only.

Other characters in the original 1927 description remain unchanged.
The abbreviated overlapping or attingent tegmina in both sexes give
adults of Nesomylacris a superficial resemblance to adults of the Neo-
tropical genera Lobodromia and Nelipophygus, but the latter two
genera both have the ventro-anterior margin of the front femur with

1 Mail address: c/o U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., vOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 197

Type B spination (long spines in basal half, succeeded in apical half
by abruptly shorter, closely set, more delicate spines); Nesomylacris
has Type A (spines on that margin of one series, of gradually de-
creasing length).

Type-species of genus—Nesomylacris relica R. & H., by original
designation.

Following the key to species, four of the species are treated in detail,
but the two Cuban species are not discussed because we have no new
information regarding them.

Acknowledgments.—We are indebted to Dr. Irving J. Cantrall,
University of Michigan, for loans; to Dr. Thomas H. Farr, Institute of
Jamaica, Kingston, for assistance when one of us (A.B.G.) collected in
Jamaica; to Dr. James R. Reddell, Texas Tech University, Lubbock,
Tex., for contributing specimens resulting from his speleological ex-
plorations; to Dr. David C. Rentz, Academy of Natural Sciences, Phil-
adelphia, Pa., for the privilege of studying that collection; and to Dr.
Thomas J. Walker, University of Florida, for contributing specimens.

Key TO THE SPECIES OF Nesomylacris

1. Tegmina trigonal in shape, attingent only at the base, with their apices
lateral, reaching only to the metanotum and exposing portions of the
mesonotum and the lobiform sliplike wings (Rehn & Hebard, 1927, pl.
11, fig. 1); general color of pronotum, tegmina, mesonotum, metanotum
and first abdominal tergum dark orange, contrasting with deep grey-
brown of other terga; lateral margins of terga often pale spotted, the
latter sometimes coalesced to form longitudinal band. (CUBA) —
ee rmnemnaneataraee acietees. 2a) i 8 Wet Et ek cubensis Rehn & Hebard

Tegmina quadrate or subquadrate, with their entire mesal margins attingent
or slightly overlapping, reaching to the abdomen and covering mesonotum
and wings in both sexes; general color of pronotum and, usually, the
tegmina similar to central portions of abdominal terga; lateral margins
Omstereaevaniblemint color .202 8. i 2 eee 2

2. Size small, male 7-8 mm, female unknown; highly contrasting color pattern,
disc of pronotum and central areas of terga deep greyish brown, con-
trasting with head, wide lateral and anterior margins of pronotum, entire
tegmina, and wide margins of abdominal terga and sterna of yellowish
buff. (Rehn, 1930: PI. 1, fig. 4; pl. 5, fig. 1). (CUBA) —_. fratercula Rehn

Size larger, 9 mm or more for males, females larger; color pattern not highly
contrasting, tegmina, pronotum and terga with same base color, though
patterns of paler markings may occur, without broad conspicuous pale
aloclamiriell seh a ee ee 3

3. Male supra-anal plate transverse, without visible specialization in pinned
specimens, but when cleared a median emargination evident at base (fig.
16, em), in female broadly trigonal with sides convex, apex weakly or
not at all emarginate; right male stylus very long and acuminate, often
hidden by margin of subgenital plate (fig. 15). (COST RICA)
Uae Ce A a ee ee asterid, Mn. sp.

198 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

Male supra-anal plate broadly trigonal with convex sides, specialized or
not, in female sharply trigonal with sides straight or convex, and apex
notched; male styli subequal in size, or left one much larger than right

COTNG er nr 4
4. Male supra-anal plate highly specialized with raised central area and deep
pits (fig. 23); male styli subequal (fig. 22); pulvillus only on penulti-
mate (normally 4th) tarsal segment; eyes somewhat reduced, interocular
distance clearly exceeding interantennal distance (between scrobes); fe-
male with ocellar spots not visible; unicolorous buff or brownish red
species. ((Eamaulipas, MEXICO); == ae ee reddelli, n. sp.

Male supra-anal plate specialized or not; male styli very unequal; pulvillus
on tarsal segments 1-4; interocular distance subequal to interantennal
distance; ocellar spots evident; deep reddish brown species, often with
pattern of conspicuous paler color. (JAMAICA) _-_---------------------- 5

5. Male supra-anal plate with basal depression, bearing tuft of specialized
setae, combined with similar setae on posterior margin of tergum 9 (latter
usually hidden by overlapping terga 7 and 8 (figs. 1, 3); right stylus
minute, left stylus with pronounced basally directed spicules (fig. 4);
entire face deep mahogany, making it appear broader than in derelicta;
abdomen often with pale dorsal spots near lateral margins, costal and
posterior margins of tegmina usually conspicuously pale —
bose es he | ae Tes tig to Sethe ee Lats ae SS ens et relica Rehn & Hebard

Male supra-anal plate unspecialized; right stylus small, but larger than in
relica; face usually not uniformly mahogany, so that it appears narrower
than above; abdomen without pale spots, and tegmina usually of more
uuniformypicolons aes. ee ee derelicta, n. sp.

Nesomylacris relica Rehn and Hebard 1927
(Figs. 1-6)

The specialization of the male supra-anal plate is relatively incon-
spicuous in general view (fig. 1) and was not mentioned by Rehn &
Hebard (1927). When examined in detail (fig. 3), the specialized
slender apically curved setae on terga 9 and 10, those on the latter
associated with a shallow circular depression, are obviously related to
a glandular function. The holotype is so specialized. The male from
near Corn Puss Gap has few specialized hairs, and some may have
been rubbed off; the depression is distinctly formed. Between the
styli of the subgenital plate is a small flap borne by the dorsal surface
of the posterior margin (fig. 4). The left paraproct is long, blunt,
clublike; the right one also is elongate, but is more slender, and, when
seen from some directions, sharply acute (fig. 5). The phallomeres in-
clude a membrane which bears elongate spines on a somewhat triangular
sclerotized plate (fig. 6, sp.), another sclerite (sc) occurs near the L2d.

Tegminal and pronotal measurements of our series from Hardwar
Gap and Catherine’s Peak compare well with those given by Rehn &
Hebard (1927: 143), but our specimens are longer (males, 11.2-12.1
mm; females, 13.7-14.3 mm); our specimens were degreased following

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 199

preservation in alcohol, and probably had less shrinkage than those
reported in 1927.

Specimens collected by Gurney in 1966 (see records below) were
all taken in leaf litter on the ground, in mountain forest, many in jars
sunk flush with the ground level in such areas and baited overnight
with molasses.

The following material has not been recorded previously: JAMAICA.
Along path to Corn Puss Gap (ca. 1.7 mi. n. May Hall, or 3.8 mi. n.
Bath), from south, St. Thomas Parish, May 20, 1969 (T. J. Walker)
1 male, 4 nymphs; near Hardwar Gap, St. Andrew Parish, along path
opposite driveway to Holleywell Cabin #1, from funnel of leaf litter,
June 16, 1970 (T. J. Walker) 1 male; Hardwar Gap, St. Andrew Parish,
Ducks Pond Trail, July 25, 1962 (Farr, O. & R. Flint) 1 male, 4 fe-
males; Hardwar Gap, Portland Parish, 13-XI-1966 (Gumey) 2 males,
3 females; Green Hills, Portland Parish, 13-XI-1966 (Gurney ) 2 males,
4 females; Catherine’s Peak, near Newcastle, St. Andrew Parish, 4600-
5000 ft., 16-XI-1966 (Gurney) 9 females.

Nesomylacris derelicta, n. sp.

(Figs. 7-11)

Male (holotype).—Size, 12.0 mm; form flattened, elliptical, widest across
tegmina; wing slips covered by tegmina; body surface smooth; base color a deep
reddish brown with no conspicuous color markings; legs and thoracic sterna tan.

Head barely visible from above, pyriform; maximum width subequal to depth;
eyes widely separated and deeply emarginate, interocular distance equal to dis-
tance between antennal scrobes; ocellar spots conspicuous, dorsomedial to antennal
scrobes but touching them; maxillary palp with basal segments moderately slender
ultimate (5th) segment stout, spatulate with medial margin concave; 3rd and 5th
segments of latter of subequal length, 4th segment *4th length of either; antennae
exceed body length.

Pronotum semi-circular in outline, with posterior margin slightly convex, latero-
posterior angles and anterior portion broadly rounded; in transverse section prono-
tum broadly arched, more convex anteriorly where head fits beneath it; tegmina
quadrate with lateral and medial margins slightly convex, posterior margins trun-
cate, reaching 2nd abdominal tergum, latero- and medio-posterior angles rounded,
venation obsolete; wings reduced to lobiform, articulate pads.

Abdomen broad, flattened dorsally, unspecialized; tergum 1 narrow, convex
behind, nearly hidden by tegmina, with blunt median longitudinal carina; terga
8 and 9 covered by tergum 7 except for lateroposterior angles; posterior margin
of tergum 7 somewhat concave; supra-anal plate (fig. 9) trigonal, with sides
nearly straight and apex bilobate, lobes broad and shallow, but distinct. Cerci
stout, fusiform spindle-shaped, relatively flat, smooth dorsally, rounded and setig-
erous ventrally.

Subgenital plate in transverse section strongly arched, ventral view as in fig.
8; conspicuous left stylus bearing only few spicules such as described for N. relica;
margin between styli extended into an unpigmented elliptical lip; interstylar dis-
tance short, less than length of left stylus. Left paraproct not as broadly clublike

200 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

Figs. 1-6, Nesomylacris relica R. & H., based on males from Hardwar Gap: 1,
terminal abdominal segments, dorsal view; 2, same, ventral view; 3, supra-anal
plate and terga 8 and 9, dorsal view; 4, subgenital plate, ventral view; 5, paraprocts
and associated structures, ventroposterior view; 6, phallomeres, dorsal view. Figs.
7-11, N. derelicta, n. sp.,; based on male paratypes from Catherine’s Peak: 7, termi-
nal abdominal segments, ventral view; 8, subgenital plate, ventral view; 9, supra-
anal plate, dorsal view; 10, paraprocts and associated structures, ventroposterior
view; 11, phallomeres, dorsal view. Figs. 12-14, N. asteria, n. sp., based on male
holotype: 12, terminal abdominal segments, ventral view; 13, subgenital plate,
ventral view, right stylus partially extended; 14, terminal abdominal segments,
dorsal view. (Figs. 3-6, 8-11, KOH preparations.) Abbreviations: el, elliptical

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 201

in apical third as in relica, right paraproct with apical half much narrower at base
than in relica; phallomeres as in fig. 11, membranous section bearing minute spines
adjacent to sclerotized elongate-elliptical plate bearing strong spines of shorter
length than in relica.

Coloration: Base coloration reddish brown on head, pronotum, tegmina and abdo-
men, shading to lighter brown on posterior and lateral margins of pronotum and
tegmina; disc of pronotum has poorly defined median longitudinal pale mark that
matches margins in color; Ist tergum of abdomen has narrow posterior margin
of same color, also median spot near apex of supra-anal plate and dorsal surfaces
of cerci. Head appears narrower than in relica, primarily because lateral and ven-
tral margins of frons are suffused with buff; only narrow central portion is dark
reddish brown. Legs and thoracic sterna tan with much darker mahogany patches
on proximal anterior portions of coxae, largest on meso- and metacoxae.

Female (allotype ).—Size, 12.5 mm; form broader than holotype, otherwise same.
Detailed morphology also agrees with type male except as follows: Supra-anal
plate more triangular in apical half, narrowly bilobed at apex; subgenital plate
broad, symmetrical. Coloration likewise nearly identical to male; supra-anal plate
has median longitudinal pale line, also weakly indicated on tergum 8.

Measurements.—4 males and 4 females (in mm): body length, ¢ 11.0-12.0,
@ 11.8-13.5; pronotal length, ¢ 3.1-3.5, 2 3.44.1; pronotal width, ¢ 3.64.4,
9 4.8-5.0; tegmen length, ¢ 2.8-3.0, 9 3.3-3.7; tegmen width, ¢ 2.9-3.1, 9
3.3-3.5; width across both tegmina, ¢ 4.9-5.4, ? 6.0-6.3; hind tibial length, ¢
4.1-4.6, 2 4.7-4.9.

Specimens of Nesomylacris derelicta examined: (8: 4 males, 4 fe-
males). JAMAICA. Catherine’s Peak, St. Andrew Parish, 4600-5000
ft., 16—XI-1966 (Gurney), 2 males, 4 females (Holotype, Allotype,
Paratypes ) (Holotype, U.S.N.M. No. 71499); Hardwar Gap, St. Andrew
Parish, 13-XI-1966 (Gurney), 2 males (Paratypes).

The name derelicta is a Latin word meaning neglected or disre-
garded. The species was found in the same habitat as relica and appar-
ently both species occur together, but in the field it was not realized
that two species were present, and possibly additional observations
would show that there are somewhat different ecological preferences.

Nesomylacris asteria, n. sp.
(Figs. 12-18)

Male (holotype). Size, 13.0 mm, general form moderately broad, brachypterous,
shining dark reddish brown.

Head narrowly triangular, glossy smooth; interocular space wide, subequal to
interocellar space; eyes comma-shaped, broad dorsad, greatly narrowed ventrad to
accommodate antennal scrobes; ocellar spots conspicuous, pale; maxillary palpi
slender, ultimate (fifth) segment subequal to third or one and one-third times
fourth.

<

lip; L2vm, elongate sclerite of median phallomere; L3, third sclerite of left phallo-
mere; rs, right stylus; R2, second sclerite of right phallomere; R3, third sclerite of
right phallomere; sc, sclerite associated with terminal sclerite of median phallomere
(L2d); sp, sclerotized plate near L3.

bo
i=)
bo

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

Figs. 15-18, Nesomylacris asteria, n. sp., based on male holotype: 15, subgenital
plate and associated structures, ventral view; 16, supra-anal plate and associated
structures, dorsal view; 17, paraprocts and associated structures, ventroposterior
view; 18, phallomeres, dorsal view. Figs. 19-25, N. reddelli, n. sp., based on female
paratype (19) and male holotype (20-25): 19, pronotum, tegmina, abdominal
terga 1-2, dorsal view, female; 20, same, male; 21, terminal abdominal segments,
dorsal view; 22, subgenital plate, ventral view; 23, supra-anal plate and associated
structures, dorsal view; 24, paraprocts and associated structures, ventroposterior
view; 25, phallomeres, dorsal view. (Figs. 15-18, 22-25, KOH preparations).
Abbreviations: em, median basal emargination; ep, epiproct (supra-anal plate);
Ip, left paraproct; Is, left stylus; L2d, terminal sclerite of median phallomere; L3,

PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 203

Pronotum arched in transverse section, ventrally curved laterad, posterior margin
nearly straight, latero-posterior angles broadly rounded, head barely visible from
above; tegmina subquadrate, posterior margins reach to base of tergum 1, marginal
fields distinct in position and color, flared out horizontally, not curved like re-
mainder of tegmina; wing slips clearly defined, articulate, failing to reach posterior
margin of metanotum; latter margin transverse, entire except for minute median
posterior projection.

Abdomen broad, flattened dorsad, no specialization evident in general view (see
below); posterior margin of tergum 1 decidedly convex, the following terga less
so; 7th and 8th terga very slightly convex, nearly straight transverse; tergum 8
nearly concealed by tergum 7; caudo-lateral angles of terga 7 and 8 blunt. Supra-
anal plate (fig. 16) transverse, caudally directed apex very shallowly but distinctly
emarginate; KOH preparation reveals specialized emargination at base of supra-
anal plate. Cerci broad, somewhat compressed dorso-ventrally. Subgenital plate
(figs. 12, 13, 15) asymmetrical, sides of plate both broadly curved; right side more
evenly rounded. Right stylus long, slender, hidden; left stylus reduced to obscure,
minute peg; acuminate right stylus has acute, caudally directed projection about
midpoint in its length, usually hidden from behind and below by recurved poste-
rior margin of subgenital plate; along latter margin, laterad of base of left stylus,
is dense row of slender, medio-posteriorly projecting spinelike setae collectively
resembling a fringe. Right paraproct with platelike base, marginally spined mesally,
with a spined knob laterally, mesoventrally a separate sclerite bearing 2 short
hooks; left paraproct with short base, 2 hooks (fig. 17); phallomeres as in fig.
18; L2d pale, triangular, weakly sclerotized; right phallomere with laterally curved
anterior end (R3), a posterior section of membrane bearing 11 short spinelike
spicules.

Front femur with 5 spaced spines on ventro-posterior margin; front tibia slightly
shorter than tarsus; mid- and hind tibiae increasingly slender, hind tibia much
longer than tarsus; tarsi each with arolium and 4 small pulvilli; tarsal claws symmet-
rical, unspecialized.

Coloration: Head dark reddish brown, like disc of pronotum, tegmina and abdo-
men; compound eyes nearly black; ocellar spots and antennal scrobes very pale,
nearly white; pale brownish orange bar above labrum; spots surrounding anterior
tentorial pits very dark, nearly black; palpi mostly pale grey, surfaces of ultimate
and penultimate segments light brown. Pronotum dark reddish brown except for
lateral margins which shade into brownish orange; tegmina dark like pronotum
except for brownish orange, broad marginal fields; dark apical spot on each wing
slip hidden by tegmen. Abdominal terga dark reddish brown except for caudo-
lateral angles of terga 5 to 8, which are brownish yellow; supra-anal plate with
same base color, but apical triangular area much lighter, nearly transparent. Cerci
with same base color, distal segments pale. All abdominal sterna and subgenital
plate also dark reddish brown, except for nearly transparent broad transverse re-
curved distal band on latter. Legs and tarsi brownish yellow; coxae yellowish white
with poorly defined dark brown spots covering basal fourth of each.

<_

third sclerite of left phallomere; rp, right paraproct; rs, right stylus; R3, third
sclerite of right phallomere; T7, T8, T9, terga 7, 8, 9, respectively; x, left paraproct
with apex apparently lost by breakage.

204 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

Female (allotype). Morphology and coloration as in male type, except as fol-
lows: Tegmina slightly longer, extend beyond tergum 1; supra-anal plate trigonal,
not transverse, apex broadly rounded, not emarginate, plate has median raised
area, entire plate dark reddish brown; subgenital plate deeply pouched, nearly
hemispherical in shape, its dorsal margin semicircular.

Measurements, 3 males and 1 female (in mm): body length, ¢ 13.0-13.5,
9 13.5; pronotal length, ¢ 3.5-3.6, 2 3.7; pronotal width, ¢ 4.6-4.8, 2 5.2;
tegmen length, ¢ 3.0-3.3, 2 3.5; width across both tegmina, ¢ 5.7, 2 6.2; hind
tibial length, ¢ 4.2-4.5, @ 4.5.

Specimens of Nesomylacris asteria examined: (4: 3 males, 1 female)
COSTA RICA. 13 km. n.w. Turrialba, 0.7 km. n.w. Santa Cruz, Cartago
Prov., Oct. 1, 1961 (Hubbell, Cantrall & Cohn), 1 female (Allotype)
(University of Michigan Mus. of Zoology); Turrialba, Cartago Prov.,
Sept. 30, 1961 (Hubbell, Cantrall & Cohn), 1 male ( University of Mich-
igan Mus. of Zoology); Barba, Heredia Prov., July 17, 1966 (F. W.
Fisk) 1 male (Holotype) (U.S.N.M. No. 71500); Zarcero, Alajuela
Prov., July 30, 1966 (F. W. Fisk) 1 male (Paratype) (Ohio State
University ).

The name asteria is a Latin word meaning “precious stone”; because
it is a noun, it would not require a change if ever transferred to a mas-
culine genus.

Nesomylacris reddelli, n. sp.

(Figs. 19-25)

Male (holotype).—Size, 13.0 mm; form flattened, elliptical, brachypetrous;
body surface smooth, pale buff color; antennae and legs relatively long and slender.

Head not visible from above, completely hidden by pronotum in resting position,
pyriform in shape, maximum width about 44th depth; eyes small for genus, widely
separate, deeply emarginate, interocular distance exceeds interantennal distance by
ratio of 11:9; ocellar spots small but evident; maxillary palpi slender, ultimate
(5th) segment very little expanded, slightly longer than either 3rd or 4th seg-
ments, which are subequal; antennae greatly exceed body length.

Pronotum (fig. 20) semi-circular in outline, posterior margin nearly straight,
other margins broadly rounded; in transverse section pronotum broadly arched;
anteriorly, where head fits, it is convex, hoodlike; tegmina quadrate, reaching
tergum 2, with lateral and medial margins slightly convex, posterior margins trun-
cate, latero and medioposterior angles rounded, venation obsolete; wings reduced
to lobiform pads, completely covered by tegmina.

Abdomen broad, flattened dorsally, specialized; tergum 1 narrow, convex behind,
largely hidden by tegmina; terga 2 and 3 less convex posteriorly, those that follow
with straight transverse margins; except for lateroposterior angles, terga 8 and 9
hidden by tergum 7; posterior margin of tergum 7 bilobed, rounded apices of lobes
each at midpoint between median line and lateral margin, lobes thickened, appear
softer than surrounding cuticle.

Supra-anal plate (figs. 21, 23) roughly diamond shaped with lateral angles
(near cercal bases ) rather sharply rounded and anterior and posterior angles broadly
rounded; beginning near anterior margin is a median longitudinal ridge (flanked
by pair of large shallow pits) which extends posteriorly about 4th distance to

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 205

posterior apex where it bifurcates sharply into pair of short transverse ridges which
then curve posteriorly in lateroposterior direction and merge with surface of the
plate. These paired ridges heavily pigmented and sclerotized on their sharp edges
appear like inverted basal portion of a shield, anterior edges overhang large pits
referred to earlier; between paired ridges median ridge continues posteriorly,
flanked by pair of small shallow pits; median ridge, both anterior and posterior
to bifurcation, blunt and without special pigmentation; whole specialization oc-
cupies proximal half of supra-anal plate.

Cerci slender, approximately %th length of tegmina; contrasting with other
members of genus, where cerci are about half tegminal length. Subgenital plate
simple, symmetrical, briefly truncate apically between styli (fig. 21); styli simple,
subequal in size and shape; interstylar distance twice length of stylus.

Right paraproct complex, with 3 sharp apical hooks, a fleshy lobe bearing slender
marginal spines dorsad of hooks; left paraproct simpler, somewhat swollen at mid-
length (may be broken basad of apex in preparation, fig. 24, x). Phallomeres as
in fig. 25; hook (L3) of left phallomere with cleft near apex; L2d strongly scle-
rotized, crescent-shaped, sharply acute; membrane bearing both tiny and medium-
sized spiniform spicules, no plate bearing large spines.

Coloration: Pale buff throughout except for white ocellar spots, nearly black
bifurcate ridge on supra-anal plate, and some poorly defined suffusions of darker
tan on tegmina and abdominal terga. Pale coloration may reflect an adaptation for
cave life.

Female (allotype ).—Size, 15.0 mm; larger than holotype, reddish tan, otherwise
very similar.

Eyes widely separated, small, interocular distance exceeds interantennal distance
by 3:2, median margins of eyes centered just above antennal scrobes; total eye
length little greater than apical segment of maxillary palpus; ocellar spots not
evident. Tegmina (fig. 19 from paratype female) subtrigonal, rounded lateroposte-
rior angles reach tergum 2, posterior margins oblique so that medio-posterior
(sutural) angles expose tergum 1 and part of metanotum; sutural margins nearly
straight, lateral margins broadly curved; metanotum convex behind, with median
posterior projection. Wings articulate, completely covered by tegmina.

Tergum 1 narrow, convex behind; terga 2 to 7 wide, transverse; terga 8 and 9
hidden; supra-anal plate broadly trigonal, sides straight with slight notch at apex
marking distal end of weakly elevated median carina; cerci slender as in male;
subgenital plate broadly curved, symmetrical. Legs as in holotype, a single pulvillus
on penultimate segment of each tarsus.

Basic coloration reddish tan, uniform on nearly entire insect; darker than holo-
type; clypeus, palpi and tip of labrum somewhat paler; median carina of supra-anal
plate marked by pale buff line.

Measurements, 1 male and 3 females (in mm): body length, ¢ 13.0, 9 15.3-
16.0; pronotal length, ¢ 4.1, 2 4.8-5.3; pronotal width, ¢ 5.5, 2 6.4—-7.0; tegmen
length, ¢ 3.4, 9 4.3-4.8; width across both tegmina, ¢ 6.4, 2 7.8-8.5; hind
tibial length, ¢ 5.8, 9 6.2-7.0. In addition there are 4 nymphs measuring 11.5,
11.5, 16.5 and 17.0 mm in length respectively.

Specimens of Nesomylacris reddelli examined: (8: 1 male, 3 fe-

males, 4 nymphs). MEXICO, Tamaulipas: 4 mi. $.W. Cd. Victoria,
1200 ft., Aug. 5, 1963, (Duckworth & Davis), 3 females (1 preserved

206 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

as allotype, 2 others accidentally destroyed following study, except for
tegmina); Cueva de El Pachon, 12 mi. s.w. Mante, among rocks near
cave entrance, June 8, 1967, (James R. Reddell) 1 male, holotype
(broken after study, only apical part of abdomen and tegmina pre-
served, U.S.N.M. Type 71501; 1 nymph); Cueva de El Pachon, June
22, 1971 (F. W. Fisk) 3 nymphs.

The above two localities are in southern Tamaulipas, separated by
about 60 miles. Drs. W. D. Duckworth and D. R. Davis did not collect
in caves, and their specimens were apparently associated with ground
litter. The 1971 collections from Cueva de El Pachon were definitely
from within the cave in the guano-covered, dimly lighted zone under
flat rocks, presumably the same habitat noted earlier by Reddell. They
were very scarce in this cave and could not be found in 7 other caves
within a 40 mile range from El Pachon.

This distinctive species is named in honor of Dr. James R. Reddell in
recognition of his diligent and productive efforts to enhance our know]l-
edge of the United States and Mexican cave fauna.

Although Nesomylacris reddelli is not restricted entirely to cave
habitats, based on the Victoria collection, it shows some indications of
adaptation to cave living in the elongate legs and antennae, small eyes,
and uniform pale coloration. Because of the presence of a pulvillus
only on the 4th tarsal segment and the strikingly specialized male
supra-anal plate, it is possible that future studies will show reddelli to
warrant a different generic placement, but it agrees with most char-
acters of typical Nesomylacris and we place it there provisionally.

REFERENCES

PRINCIS, K. 1969. Orthopterorum Catalogus, Pars 13 (Blattellidae). pp. 713-
1038.
REHN, J. A. G. 1930. New or little known Neotropical Blattidae (Orthoptera ).
Number two. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 56:19-71, 5 pls.
and M. HEBARD. 1927. The Orthoptera of the West Indies. Num-
ber 1. Blattidae. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 54, Art. 1, pp. 1-320, 25 pls.

“I

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 20

SUMMER TABANIDAE OF THE POCOMOKE RIVER SWAMPS,
WORCESTER COUNTY, MARYLAND‘
( DieTERA )

Patrick H. THompson, Veterinary Toxicology and Entomology Research
Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural
Research Service, College Station, Texas 77840

and

W. BrinTOoN SAGLE, ul and JEANNE R. SAGLE, Department of
Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742

ABSTRACT—Collections in Pocomoke river swamps in Worcester County,
Maryland in 1968 and 1969 produced 13,084 specimens representing 40 species
of summer Tabanidae in 4 genera—18 in Chrysops, 19 in Tabanus, 2 in Hybomitra,
and 1 in Diachlorus. Catches from 1 modified Manitoba trap, an overhead col-
lection, and a vehicle collection were made routinely at 3 sites (2 at Pocomoke
Cypress Swamp (PCS) and 1 at Shad Landing State Park (SLSP)) every 24
days, July 2 through Aug. 23 (1968) or Aug. 25 (1969). Chrysops vittatus Wiede-
mann, Tabanus lineola Fabricius, T. petiolatus Hine, and C. flavidus Wiedemann,
were among the 7 most abundant summer dominants at both study areas; 19
species were common to both study areas. Chrysops obsoletus Wiedemann domi-
nated the PCS fauna with 60.2% and 77.4% of the material collected in 1968 and
1969, respectively. Summer dominants at SLSP in the 2 years of study were C.
vittatus (58% and 69%) and T. lineola (13.5% and 7%). Populations of most
species declined greatly in 1969 over 1968, especially at SLSP.

The Pocomoke Cypress Swamp was considered in a 1965 faunal study
of Maryland Tabanidae (Thompson, 1967). Collections here, in Shad
Landing State Park, and in other Pocomoke River swamps, were made
in July and August, 1968 and 1969 to describe the Tabanidae of the
lower Eastern Shore of Maryland.

The Pocomoke River and the River Swamps.—The Pocomoke River
runs 60 miles from extreme south-central Delaware to Chesapeake Bay
at the Maryland-Virginia State line. The gentle 3-foot fall of the river
bed in Worcester County and the ebb and flow of the tide cause the
sluggish flow of the river and the consequent formation of swamps
along its margins. The river swamps of Shreve, et al. (1910) or swamp
forests of Beaven and Oosting (1939) extend from just north of
Rehobeth to the Delaware line and occupy a zone on each side of the
river from 0.5-2 miles wide. The characteristic trees of the river swamp
are the bald cypress, Taxodium distichum (L.)? Rich., and the tupelo,
Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora (Walt.) Sarg. Shade from the dense canopy
of the swamp forest restricts the diversity and abundance of shrubs and

1 Mention of a proprietary product in this paper does not constitute an endorse-
ment of this product by the USDA. ;
2 Latin and common names taken from Gray's Manual of Botany, 8th ed., 1950.

74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL.

208

I IL 1 T “yL Snyp4yD

rI L L g Vv T qlyslOyy SnupoiwauDd
SnudqD J,
Pt FI ¢ SS eT 9 (VA) snqvanisaf snsojyyonig
CVV SIV 8G Sc6I CrsT 98 186 9LG g soT c9T € a PIM = SNqDIIA
I il adytyd uopisdn
T T Il T q ‘wDoRW snzojparun
G T T vS§ ‘O snompnd
T T OL g Z FIOL OF6 VL SLGT 6EGI 6& ‘PITA SNyajosqo
Comnc Cm ce CON me Olan ay. AOC ANS OCH aieeta
IE T 2S ‘O snupjuow
T Ti > edylyg yaonbovu
IG 6I G I€T 9GI c I I Te ort EMT GISELE |
T T ‘palm snyounuas
if Ti Il it, F qQ Te LOY IIad “TCA
6 9 € FC LE Mi 1g 6F G eg 1g c a PIM Snplan}f
I ir sUuIF, 2yoOWULIp
T T dyryg auavp
Cie ee ee OS 13 6 s s G T I "yoed 8n4pj29
¢ (s GE 61 eT ‘S(O SNnpy]Da
9 c i q ‘OUlFT Snauunig
Vi ih ‘yooag snayun)qD
sdoshiy 9
IOL <0) LW IOL 40 LN 70L LO LIN IOL 4O LN
6961 896I 696T 896T
yieg 2]¥}g sulpuey pegs duteasg ssaidAQ ayowooog

‘6961 PUR SOBI Wed 2381S
Suripuey peys pure dureasg ssoidAp ayouoo0g ‘(AQ) UOoeT[00 proy1eao pur (LW) den eqoyuryy Aq uoyxe} ovprueqe y;

Te eae

209

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

I I VI Ids Ms i T (uosuyo[) raury taury
G G OL ie 8 (oulf{ ) layoapp
paquuogh
p wg sojooryphz
I I 66 66 8€é i Ve ‘q ep ‘q snqojnovwi.s}
G I I € I G eI 8 G ‘bovyy, suoufajns
ial j rat GS 7 8ST Avg smalijs
SI ci GI II OL T L 9 T UUIYAA Mapp “1eA snipds
T T ‘PIIM snqo}Laanbuinb
ait L 8 ‘bow, snpruwnd
LV ib OF 98G gc IEG POE 8G 9E¢ 696 IcI Sel oUuly] snynjoyad
6 I T I T ‘bovyl Snpoypiaowsiw
i I 8 € ¢ ‘Pam sadusiu
T I P V6 G ‘G€ 9p ‘dq suaosaisiu
T ii il i Avg snjsajow
Or G 8 106 SIL 9ST OT il SHE eT € OT “PIIM Sniaooudjau
@ 6 1 ‘IYIM. Supput stuuadynopue
cP € GP OSPF SE LIV OLT al POT SLT GG OST ‘A Djoaul]
TE it ,2U0}S LOWIpY]S
6 G 14 G Il T y POLM snynajnft
19; AO LW 101, AO LW IOL 40 LW 101, 40 LN
696T S96I 6961 S9G6T

ye ewig Surpuey peys

*A[UO SUOT}OI][OO snoauL][IOSIUL UT AYR], p

duiemg ssaidky ayxoulo00g

(panuyuop) *, alav

‘poder AYUNOD OOTULODTAA »o
*piooe1 AyUNOD JeSIAUIOS q
*ploder1 AyUNOD 19}S90IOA\ v

210 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

herbs. The upland border, an area of transition between the swamp
forest and the upland vegetation, is characterized by white cedar,
Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) BSP, several spp. of evergreen shrubs
(mountain laurel, Kalmia latifolia L.; inkberry, Ilex glabra (L.) A.
Gray; wax-myrtle, Myrica cerifera L.), and many spp. of herbs. Forests
of loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., and less commonly, scrub pine, P.
virginiana Mill., characterize the uplands surrounding the swamp. Iso-
lated from the south and the west by Chesapeake Bay and from the
north by Delaware Bay, the river swamps are a northern extension of
the southern cypress swamps that characterize the Atlantic Coastal
Plain. Although they contain sphagnum and associated plants of the
glaciated regions of northern bogs, the dominant trees and their asso-
ciates are identical with those of the Dismal Swamp.

Description of Trap Sites—The area called Pocomoke Cypress
Swamp (PCS) is a 3.4 acre section of river swamp east of the Pocomoke
River between Pocomoke City and Rehobeth. Trap sites used here were
described in more detail in Thompson (1967). The first collection site
was an upland opening in a stand of young loblolly pines (“opening”).
The second collection site was a clearing about 27 m? in the upland
border (“road”). The third collection site on the Pocomoke River was
at Shad Landing State Park (SLSP), located 4 miles SW of Snow Hill
on U.S. Highway 113. The Manitoba trap was placed on a road in a
loblolly pine-sweetgum forest 1 mile W of the Park and 12 miles NE
of the PCS sites.

METHODS

Flies were taken routinely at each site by the Manitoba trap, by
collections above our heads (“overhead” collections), and by collec-
tions from vehicles. Details of trap construction and the relative ef-
fectiveness of the collecting methods as indicated in previous studies
were described in Thompson (1969). Routine collections were made
at 3 sites, 2 at PCS and 1 at SLSP, every 2-4 days from July 2 through
Aug. 23 (1968) or Aug. 25 (1969). Overhead and vehicle collections
(pooled under “Ov” in Table 1) were made at each Manitoba trap
site. The “daily catch” is the total number of specimens taken by all
methods at a given locality on a given date, except that Manitoba
trap catches actually included specimens taken during the 1-3 days
preceding.

Miscellaneous Collections—In addition to routine collections at
the 3 sites previously described, overhead and vehicle collections were
made on 1-4 different days at each of 11 other localities along the
Pocomoke River from Shelltown to Whiton (1968) or on 1-5 different
days at each of 21 other localities from Shelltown to Careytown and
north to southern Delaware (1969).

PROG. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 211

RESULTS

The 2-year study produced 13,084 specimens representing 40 species
in 4 genera (Table 1). Of the total for 1968 (7,488), 44.3% (3,318
specimens) were from SLSP and 28.3% (2,121) were from PCS. Of
the remaining 27.3% (2,049) taken in miscellaneous collections, the
great majority, 93.5% (1,916), were taken at PCS or SLSP within about
1 mile of the routine collection site. Fig. 1 shows the seasonal distribu-
tions, expressed as population indices, for 12 summer species repre-
sented by 50 or more specimens at the 2 sites in both years.

Fauna of Pocomoke Cypress Swamp.—Four of the 5 most abundant
summer dominants at PCS, C. flavidus, C. vittatus, T. lineola, and T.
petiolatus, were also among the 7 most abundant species at SLSP. The
5th and most abundant species, C. obsoletus, dominated the PCS fauna
with 60.2% and 77.4% of the material collected in 1968 and 1969, re-
spectively; this species was represented by only 11 specimens at SLSP
in the 2 years.

Fig. 1 suggests most of the summer species had emerged by July 2.
In 1969 C. obsoletus declined at a rate greater than that of any other
species taken in the 2-year study (July 28, 1969; fig. 1). The 8.4 inches
of rain recorded for July 21-23 at nearby Pocomoke City (U.S. Dept.
Commerce, 1969) could have accumulated throughout the nontidal
swamp forest, drowning large numbers of pupae.

Populations of the 2 other Chrysops dominants, C. vittatus and C.
flavidus, occurred throughout most of the season. Tabanus petiolatus
reached peak numbers about July 24 in 1968 and about | week earlier
in 1969. Tabanus lineola declined gradually from maximum numbers
in early July; seasonal catches showed small differences for the 2 years
(175 in 1968 vs. 176 in 1969).

Nine spring species taken in 1965 (Thompson, 1967) were not col-
lected in 1968 and 1969 because collections were not begun until July
2. Catches at PCS from May 25-27, 1965 (also from 1 Manitoba trap,
a vehicle, and an overhead collection) included: C. niger Macquart,
841; C. brimleyi Hine, 251; T. marginalis Fabricius, 83; Hybomitra
lasiophthalma (Macquart), 57; C. cincticornis Walker, 8; C. fuliginosus
Wiedemann, 6; C. carbonarius Walker, C. caluus Pechuman and Teskey,
and T. subsimilis Bellardi, 1.

Fauna of Shad Landing State Park.—Thirty-three of the 39 species
collected in the study were found at SLSP; among the 6 not found
here, Tabanus stygius and T. trimaculatus were common at PCS. Sum-
mer dominants at SLSP in 1968 were C. vittatus (58%) and T. lineola
(13.5%). Tabanus petiolatus and T. melanocerus, and 3 deer flies, C.
hinei, C. nigribimbo, and C. flavidus, completed the list of most com-
mon forms. No data for description of spring species were available.

Chrysops vittatus was the most abundant summer deer fly at Shad

212 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

C. obsoletus

80
|
| ihe ae ns 160 ‘

Ace Nees oS POC OMOKE y i * SHAD LANDING
1 2 : : ,

* C.vittatus

26 291 4 7 10/13) 16 192225

T. lineola
te
=<
= en i te tr ee
2 5 8 u 1417 2023 2629 1 4 7 1013 16 19 22 25
=I osresscsa rent e T. petiolatus
3 is Ee Severo tore
2 5 B 11 14 17 20 23 26 29 1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25
+. ms T. melanocerus
¢ Ce >
(Pee eee eed
= 8 11 14 17 2 4 3 16 19 22 25
' B 207 Bit ~~~ C€.hinei
— " r j
= } aw ‘ STA } ans ——/
>| ~ PR
be es SN eS ee
| Sp ee ee ma 2 5 8 1 14 17 2023 26 29 1 4 7 10 13 16 19 2225
sores PRR BEE Ter ERE ; ne C. nigribimbo
2 a arate © nr ses a Ses
AE i ES a = EEE EE SE
5 8 1 14 17 20 23 26 291 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25
[ mticee Ss C, flavidus
ne Am reheat
4 4 S 8 14 20 6 3 9 25
j y august 0) august

Fig. 1. Seasonal distribution, expressed as population indices of females, of
species represented by 50 or more specimens at Pocomoke Cypress Swamp and
Shad Landing State Park, 1968 and 1969.

Landing, as it had been at the Great Swamp and Patuxent Study areas.
Although abundant at Pocomoke, it was greatly outnumbered there by
C. obsoletus. The 1968 and 1969 populations of C. vittatus differed
greatly (73% decline in 1969) but increased and declined in similar
fashion and peaked at the same time in mid-July. As with C. vittatus,
populations of the other Chrysops dominants, C. hinei, C. nigribimbo,
and C. flavidus, declined greatly in 1969 (67-85%). Chrysops hinei
was the latest common species collected, reaching maximum numbers
in early August. Populations of T. lineola, the most abundant horse fly
at SLSP in 1968, decreased by 90% in 1969.

REFERENCES

BEAVEN, G. F. and H. J. OOSTING. 1939. Pocomoke Swamp: a study of a

cypress swamp on the Eastern Shore of Maryland. Bull. Torrey Botan. Club
66:367-89.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 213

SHREVE, F., M. A. CHRYSLER, F. H. BLODGETT, and F. W. BESLEY. 1910.
The plant life of Maryland. Md. Weather Serv. Spec. Publ., Vol. III. 533 p.

THOMPSON, P. H. 1967. Tabanidae of Maryland. Trans. Amer. Ento. Soc.
93:463-519.

1969. Collecting methods for Tabanidae. Ann. Ento. Soc. Amer.

62:50-7.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE. 1969. Climatological Data. Maryland
(Pocomoke City). Annual summary sheet. Vol. 74. Environ. Sci. Serv., U.S.
Dept. Commerce.

A NOTE ON THE IDENTITY AND STATUS OF GONODONTA MIRANDA
RAYMUNDO
(LEPIDOPTERA: NOcTUIDAE )

E. L. Topp, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture’

ABSTRACT—The South American species Gonodonta miranda Raymundo is
reduced to a subspecies of G. bidens Geyer; G. bidens meridionalis Todd is listed
as a synonym of miranda.

The description of Gonodonta miranda Raymundo (1908, O Ento-
motogista Brasileiro 1(5):79-80) has been overlooked until recently.
Notification of publication of the name did not appear in Zoological
Record or in any systematic paper treating species of the genus pub-
lished since 1908. Therefore, the name was not included in the revision
of the genus (Todd, 1959, U.S. Dept. Agric. Tech. Bull. 1201). My
awareness of the existence of the name resulted with publication of
Part 2, Volume 1 of “Quarto Catalogo do Insetos que vivem nas plantas
do Brasil” by d’Araujo et al. in 1968. That work cites three references
to Gonodonta miranda Raymundo on page 235. Two of the references
may be incorrectly associated with miranda as presently treated, but
that possibility will be discussed at another point in this paper.

The original description of the adult does not agree with any Gono-
donta species known to me. Furthermore, Raymundo did not indi-
cate a type specimen nor did he state how many specimens were ex-
amined. He cited “Rio de Janeiro (Quinta da Boa Vista)” as source
of his material. Accordingly, entomologists in Brazil were contacted in

1 Mail address: c/o U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560.

214 PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

an attempt to locate the specimen or specimens from which the species
was described. Dr. José Candido de Mello Carvalho, Museu Nacional
(Rio de Janeiro) informed Dr. O. Mielke, Universidade Federal do
Parana (Curtiba), of my interest. Dr. Mielke located two specimens
in Raymundo’s collection in the Instituto de Educagao ( Rio de Janeiro )
labeled “Gonodonta miranda mihi, 2, Rio de Janeiro” and carried them
to his colleague, Vitor Osmar Becker, who, in turn, sent them to me
for examination.

The two specimens, both females, not males as indicated on the
labels, represent two species. The original description is a composite,
with maculation and coloration characteristics of both species being
included. Both specimens have suffered some damage from museum
pests. One specimen has the legs missing, part of the right hindwing
eaten and it has had the hindwings and abdomen broken from the
specimen. Those parts are now glued to the thorax. That specimen
is an example of Gonodonta clotilda (Stoll). The other specimen is
an example of Gonodonta bidens meridionalis Todd. This specimen
is in better condition than the clotilda specimen. Therefore, I have se-
lected, labeled and now designate it as lectotype of Gonodonta miranda
Raymundo. By this action the name proposed by Raymundo will apply
to the South American subspecies of Gonodonta bidens Geyer with a
bibliography as follows.

Gonodonta bidens miranda Raymundo, n. status

Gonodonta miranda Raymundo, 1908, Ent. Br. 1(5):79-80.—d’Aratjo, et al,
1968, Quarto Catdlogo dos insetos que vivem nas plantas do Brasil, Pt. II, 1:235.

Gonodonta soror (Cramer) auct. nec Cramer.—Guenée, 1852, Histoire Naturelle
de Insectes, Species Général des Lépidoptéres, v. 6 (Noctuélites II), p. 368
[partim].—Walker, 1857, List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in
the Collection of the British Museum, pt. 12, p. 948 [partim]—Felder and
Rogenhofer, 1872, Reise der Oster-reichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde,
Zoologischer Theil, v. 2, Abt. 2, Atlas, Inhalts-Verzeichniss Heterocera, p. 10,
pl. 111, fig. 13.

Gonodonta bidens meridionalis Todd, 1959, U.S. Dept. Agric. Tech. Bull., No.
1201, p. 39. NEW SYNONYMY.

In the original description Raymundo described a larva and cited
““Carapeta’ ou ‘Ité’ (Guaria trichilioides)” as the foodplant. This
plant has more recently been referred to as Guarea trichiliodes with
the Brazilian common name, carrapeteira. Two other plants have been
cited as larval food plants of Gonodonta miranda Raymundo. They
are Cupania (or Blighia) vernalis or camboata and Diospyros kaki or
caquizeiro. Because two species of moths were confused by Raymundo,
it is uncertain whether the larva described and the foodplants cited
are referable to bidens, to clotilda, or to both species. Entomologists
working in the area of occurrence of the two species will have to resolve

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 215

the questions through rearing experiments and comparative studies of
the authentic larvae obtained from the experiments. For this reason
I have omitted two references from the synonymical bibliography of
miranda. The references are Monte, 1934, Publ. no. 21, Secr. Agric.
Est. Minas Gerais, 220 pp. (I have been unable to obtain this work
and cannot cite a page reference for Gonodonta miranda Raymundo)
and Biezanko, Bertholdi and Baucke, 1949, Agros 2(3):163, 173 and
176. |

The lectotype will be returned to Mr. Becker in Curitiba. He has
indicated that the Raymundo collection may be moved from the Insti-
tuto de Educacao in Rio de Janeiro to the Departmento de Zoologia,
Universidade Federal do Parana, Curtiba, Brasil.

THREE SPECIES REASSIGNMENTS, ONE IN CHRYSOMELIDAE,
TWO IN ANOBIIDAE
( COLEOPTERA )

RicHarp E. Wuire, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural
Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture!

ABSTRACT—tThe species Calymmaderus aeneus Pic (Anobiidae) is reassigned
to Oyarzuna of Chrysomelidae and redescribed. Byrrhocerus newmani Bréthes
(Byrrhidae) is placed in Calymmaderus, thus making Byrrhocerus a synonym of
Calymmaderus. Dorcatoma bibliophaga Magalhaes (Anobiidae) is transferred to
Falsogastrallus of Anobiidae. Possible synonymy involving C. newmani and F.
bibliophagus is discussed.

Examination of type specimens from the Maurice Pic collection in
the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris disclosed that the
species Calymmaderus aeneus Pic, from Chile, though described in
Anobiidae, is a member of Chrysomelidae. I below assign C. aeneus
to the chrysomelid genus Oyarzuna Bechyné and offer a description
and illustrations so the species can be recognized.

During my attempts to assign C. aeneus, I found that the monotypic
genus Byrrhocerus Bréthes (1919), from Chile and assigned to the
Byrrhidae, is not distinguishable from Calymmaderus Solier (1849),
and below I synonymize the two.

1 Mail address: c/o U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560.

216 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

1 |
R.White

Figs. 1-2. Oyarzuna aenea (Pic), holotype. Small figure equals actual size.

The descriptions and illustrations of the anobiid Dorcatoma biblio-
phaga Magalhaes (1907, and 1926) from Brazil show that this species
does not belong in Dorcatoma, but is a member of Falsogastrallus Pic
(1914).

Thanks are due to Madame A. Bons of the Museum d Histoire
Naturelle in Paris for loan of specimens.

CHRYSOMELIDAE

Oyarzuna aenea (Pic), n. comb.

(Figs. 1, 2)

Calymmaderus aeneus Pic, 1915, p. 10.

General: Body oval, widest at humeri, elytra tapering from humeri, body over
1.6 times as long as wide; body black, dorsal and ventral surfaces moderately
shining, dorsal surface with a pinkish reflection; appendages black, apices of Ist
and 2nd antennal segments orange-brown, segments 3 to 5 brown, remaining seg-
ments black; head moderately shining and with a vague pinkish reflection;
pubescence sparse and recumbent on front half of head, longer and bristling on
labrum, each mandible with a long bristle; pubescence on dorsal surface of body
short, sparse, difficult to detect, appressed, hairs separated on an average by more
than their lengths, easily abraded, on ventral surface rather sparse, moderate in
length, subrecumbent, grayish, hairs separated on an average by about their lengths.

Head: Eyes bulging somewhat, separated by over 2.1 times vertical diameter

PROG. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 217

of an eye; a fine groove extending diagonally from above eye to over base of
antenna; antenna 11 segmented, Ist segment long, broad, 2nd shorter, less broad,
3rd about as long as 2nd, much narrower, 4th, 5th, 6th and 8th short, subequal,
7th, 9th, 10th, and 11th larger, similar in size, 7th, 9th, and 10th triangular, pro-
duced, a little longer than wide, 11th elongate oval, about 2 times as long as wide;
head nearly evenly convex, surface finely alutaceous, front with fairly distinct,
shallow punctures, separated on an average by about 2 times their diameter, punc-
tures smaller, less distinct posteriorly; clypeal lines fairly distinct at sides, absent
at middle; a very fine, impressed, longitudinal line extends from vertex to near
clypeus.

Dorsal surface: Pronotum in profile evenly, moderately arching, disk evenly
convex side to side, at extreme side more distinctly rounded, lateral margin sharp,
complete, distinct, diagonal; surface smooth, not alutaceous, punctures elongate,
fine, rather sparse, evenly distributed, separated on an average by 2 to 3 times
their length; scutellum minute, triangular; each elytron with 9 fine striae composed
of rows of punctures plus a scutellar stria; punctures of striae smaller toward apex
but traceable; strial punctures on disk separated on an average by 1.5 to 2.0 times
their length; between striae with smaller, irregular to linearly arranged punctures,
surface otherwise smooth; margin at side of elytra distinct, recurved, less distinct,
not recurved at apex.

Ventral surface: Prosternum produced, sides and anterior margins vertical,
widest anteriorly, anterior width nearly 2 times posterior width, attaining anterior
limit of middle coxae, closely joining anterior margin of mesosternum, sides arcuate,
narrowest at level of middle coxae, proepisternum explanate anteriorly, a deep
channel between prosternum and proepisternum, receiving antennae in retraction,
channel continuing between coxae and prosternum; anterior margin of prostemmum
narrowly produced, surface anteriorly convex, posteriorly slightly depressed; ante-
rior coxae transverse, separated by about their transverse diameter; side of body
depressed for anterior legs, surface of depression finely rugose; mesosternum much
reduced and withdrawn, narrowly visible between middle coxae; middle coxae
separated by about their transverse diameter; body at side distinctly depressed
for middle legs, depression including mesosternum, metasternum, and side of elytra;
metasternum transverse, punctate at center, punctures separated on an average by
about 1.5 times their diameter, at side depressed anteriorly and posteriorly, hind
coxae widely separated by interposed Ist abdominal segment; side of body de-
pressed for hind legs, depression including metasternum, elytra, and Ist abdominal
segment, surface of depression finely rugose; Ist abdominal segment longest, 2nd
and 5th shorter, subequal, 3rd short, 4th shortest, sutures fine, distinct throughout,
punctation on Ist segment much as that at center of metasternum, finer to ab-
dominal apex, much finer on 5th segment, abdomen from center of 2nd segment
to 5th segment nearly flat; femora channeled for tibiae, and more or less flattened;
middle and hind tibiae flattened; tarsi 44 (no hind tarsi clearly visible), widened,
densely pubescent beneath, 3rd segment v-shaped, claws divaricate, a distinct,
acute tooth at base.

Length: 1.9 to 2.1 mm.

Oyarzuna aenea ( Pic) is possibly a synonym (junior) of O. splendida
(Philippi), also from Chile. Unfortunately, the description offered by
Philippi (1864, p. 390) is too brief and superficial to adequately char-

218 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

acterize the species. Also, the original description of the genus Oyarzuna
(Bechyné, 1950) is quite brief and offers little of value for comparison.
However, O. aenea is in good agreement with the description and
illustrations of Oyarzuna, as based on splendida, that are given by
Monros (1956), and this is the basis for my assigning aenea to Oyarzuna
and for the above comment on possible synonymy with splendida. I
have not seen specimens of splendida.

The first specimen in the Pic series of three bears the species identifi-
cation and a yellow label with the word “type” handwritten, and a red
label with “type” printed.

ANOBIIDAE

Calymmaderus Solier

Calymmaderus Solier, 1849, p. 472.
Byrrhocerus Bréthes, 1919, p. 26. NEW SYNONYM.

Byrrhocerus was described with the single species newmani (the
type-species by monotypy) which I below reassign to Calymmaderus,
thus making Byrrhocerus a junior synonym of Calymmaderus.

Calymmaderus newmani (Bréthes), n. comb.

Byrrhocerus newmani Bréthes, 1919, p. 27.

The detailed French description of Byrrhocerus newmani and the
illustrations of its antenna and palpi leave no doubt that it is properly
assigned to Calymmaderus. The description is in such close agreement
with my description of the holotype of Calymmaderus sericeus Pic
(1923) that the latter must be regarded as possibly a junior synonym
of C. newmani. The only notable difference that I find is that the
metasternum of C. newmani is described as bearing a weak, median,
longitudinal impression; the metasternum of C. sericeus is not im-
pressed. I have not seen specimens of C. newmani.

Falsogastrallus bibliophagus (Magalhies), n. comb.
Dorcatoma bibliophaga Magalhaes, 1907, p. 97.

Examination of the French descriptions of D. bibliophaga and illus-
trations of the adult and its antenna (Magalhaes, 1907 and 1926) clearly
shows that this species belongs to Falsogastrallus. F. bibliophagus is
possibly a senior synonym of F. librinocens (Fisher), 1938. Although
the illustrations of F. bibliophagus (see Magalhaes, 1926) disagree
with specimens of F. librinocens in a number of points (i.e., proportions
of the pronotum, shape of the 1st abdominal segment and form of the
prosternal region), the haste with which the drawings were made could
account for the differences. Unfortunately, I have seen no specimens
of F. bibliophagus, so am unable to say with certainty that the two
names refer to a single species.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 219

REFERENCES

BECHYNE, J. 1950. Eumolpides Américains nouveaux ou peu connus. Ent.
Arb. Mus. Frey. vol. 1, p. 205-236.

BRETHES, J. 1919. Deux Coléoptéres chiliens nouveaux. Anales Zool. Aplic.
6:26-29.

FISHER, W. S. 1938. A new anobiid beetle (Coleopt.: Anobiidae) injurious
to books. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 40(2):43—-44.

MAGALHAES, P. S. 1907. Sur les insects qui attaquent les livres. Bull. Soc.
Zool. France 32:95-100.

1926. Dorcatoma bibliophagum (O caruncho dos nossos livros).
Jornal do Commercio. Rio de Janeiro. p. 1-45.

MONROS, F. 1956. Revision generica de Lamprosominae con descripcion de
algunos generos y especies nuevas (Col. Chrysomelidae). Rev. Agron. Nor.
Arg. 2(1):25-77.

PHILIPPI, R. A. and F. PHILIPPI. 1864. Beschreibung einiger neuen Chilen-
ischen Kifer. Ent. Zeit. Ent. Ver. Stett. 25( 10-12 ):313-406.

PIC, M. 1914. Ptinidae et Anobiidae (Col.). Suppl. Ent. No. 3, p. 8-11.

1915. Nouveautés rentrant dans diverses familles. Mél. Exot.-Ent.
14:2-20.
1923. Nouveautés diverses. Mél Exot.-Ent. 40:1-32.

SOLIER, A. J. J. 1849. Orden III. Coleoptera. In Gay, Historia fisica y

politica de Chile . . . 4:414-511.

SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS STATOR BRIDWELL IN THE WEST INDIES,
WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES
(CoLEOPTERA: BRUCHIDAE )

Joun M. Kincsoiver, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural
Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture’

ABSTRACT—tThe genus Stator Bridwell is recorded from the West Indies for
the first time. Characteristics, distribution and host plants are given for the 5
known species: rugulosus n. sp., chaleodermus n. sp., bottimeri n. sp., ceadranus
(Pic), n. comb., and dufaui (Pic), n. comb. Relationships with mainland species
are discussed.

Bridwell (1946) described the genus Stator based on Bruchus
pruininus Horn, but not assigning any other species to the new genus.
Johnson (1963) revised the genus for the United States, treating six
species, including one new species. Johnson (1967) and Bottimer
(1969) have published on host plant associations for various species
in the U.S. fauna, but did not add to the number of species.

1 Mail address: c/o U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560.

220 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

I have been unable to locate any reference to species of Bruchidae
from the West Indies being assigned to Stator. This paper records five
species, three of which are new, and two are reassigned, one of which
is part of a circumcaribbean complex needing further study.

Stator occurs throughout the Western Hemisphere from the United
States to Argentina, although many species which should be transferred
to Stator are presently assigned to Acanthoscelides in Blackwelder’s
catalog (1946). A complete revision of the genus is planned, but names
are needed for certain biological and faunal studies now underway.

A list of generic characteristics was given by Johnson (1963).

I am grateful to Mme. A. Bons, Museum National d'Histoire Na-
turelle, Paris, for her assistance in loaning the types of Bruchus dufaui
Pic and B. cearanus Pic.

Stator dufaui (Pic), n. comb.

Bruchus dufaui Pic, 1927, p. 11.
Acanthoscelides dufaui: Blackwelder, 1946, p. 759.

Body black. Antenna with four basal segments, tarsal pads, or occasionally
entire tarsus reddish or reddish yellow. Vestiture of thinly scattered gray setae.
Pygidium with three diffuse patches of gray setae on basal margin.

Head ovate with eyes strongly protruding laterally; depth of ocular sinus one-
third length of eye; vertex and frons finely, densely fossulate, thinly setose; frontal
carina prominent, microgranulate; antenna with seven distal segments forming a
slightly eccentric, compact club. Pronotum subhexagonal, lateral margins in dorsal
aspect angulate anteriorly, continuous in outline with margins of elytra; dorsal
punctation fine, dense, discrete, thinly setose. Scutellum broader than long, de-
pressed, densely setose. Elytra with strial rows normal, slightly impressed, with
individual strial punctures discrete; intervals reticulate-strigate. Pygidium finely,
densely punctate, each puncture bearing a short, appressed seta. Procoxae nar-
rowly separated by prosternum. Mesosternum and metasternum shallowly foveolate
with interspaces strigate-setigerous; metacoxal face finely foveolate, the foveolae
discrete mesally but more densely placed and intricate laterally; metafemur with
lateral ventral carina sinuately emarginate apically but without blunt angulation;
metatibia with mucro length one-half of tibial width at its apex; lateral denticle
one-half length of mucro; lateral carina sinuate, complete; intermediate carina
obliterated; ventral carina prominent, sharp; dorsal coronal margin with three
denticles. Male genitalia with ventral valve of median lobe triangular (fig. 2);
internal sac finely spiculate, with large, triangular sclerite near middle of sac,
hemispherical, denticulate sclerite near apex of sac; ejaculatory duct closed by
circular valve flanked by thin, denticulate plates; lateral lobes (fig. 1) deeply
cleft, bowed, expanded toward meson at apices.

Body length—2.75-3.0 mm. Maximum width—1.9-2.0 mm.

Holotype 2 bearing label “Guadeloupe” and paratype ? with same
data in the Pic Collection, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.

Type locality—Guadeloupe Island, West Indies.

New Records—PUERTO RICO: Aibonito, Aug. 3, 1923, June 9,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 221

1934; Guyanilla, Feb. 21, 1933; Adjuntes, Mar. 23, 1933, in flower of
Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd.; USDA Plant Quarantine interception, Puerto
Rico, no specific locality, Feb. 24, 1941, in Acacia riparia H. B. K. ST.
VINCENT: Kingstown, Oct., 1967. ST. THOMAS: Louisenhoj Estate,
Mar. 26, 1941, in fruit of “Ichthomenthia bicipula” (sic) (now Piscidia
piscipula (L.)). TORTOLA: Sage Mt., 1000’, Apr. 17, 1956. ANTIGUA:
June 18. ST. JOHN’S, VIRGIN IS.: Feb. 20, 1971, in seeds of Acacia
riparia. All material in the USNM collection.

The habitus of dufaui is similar to that of S. pruininus (Horm) from
the United States and Mexico, but the male genitalia indicate that the
two species are only distantly related within the genus. The follow-
ing characters differentiate pruninus: punctures of frons and vertex
rounded, not fossulate; ocular sinus deeper than ‘2 length of eye; py-
gidium densely, uniformly clothed with slender, gray setae which con-
ceal the fine punctation; vestiture not condensed into spots on basal
margin of pygidium; front and middle legs entirely red with base of
femur fuscous in some specimens; metacoxal face finely, evenly foveo-
late; armature of internal sac in male genitalia with many fine teeth
and spicules (Johnson, 1963, fig. 1). On the strength of characters in
the ¢ genitalia, dufaui will fall into or near the limbatus species group.

I have not seen specimens of dufaui from the mainland.

Stator rugulosus, n. sp.

Body reddish yellow to piceous; anterior 14 of basal abdominal sternum piceous;
disk of pronotum, disk of pygidium, indistinct sutural stripe and apical 1% of elytra
fuscous; legs reddish yellow; antennae yellow. Vestiture of long, narrow, yellow
setae, densely, evenly placed on body except in mottled pattern on elytra.

Head with eyes moderately protruded; ocular sinus about 1% length of eye;
vertex and frons finely punctate-reticulate; frontal carina prominent, finely granu-
late; apical % of clypeus finely granulate; postocular lobe reduced to fringe of
coarse setae. Pronotum subconical, lateral margins nearly straight in dorsal aspect;
lateral carina nearly hidden by vestiture, dorsal surface densely set with setigerous
foveolae. Scutellum about as wide as long, setose. Elytra together slightly wider
than long, finely but rugosely punctate on intervals, each puncture appearing to
be the center of radiating strigulae; striae normal, marked by evanescent rows of
setigerous foveolae in basal half, more distinct in apical half; pygidium finely,
irregularly punctate, nearly concealed by vestiture. Procoxae not contiguous, sepa-
rated by apex of prosternum. Mesosternum and metasternum punctate as on py-
gidium. Metafemur with lateral ventral carina gently sinuate subapically; metatibia
with lateral carina partly obliterate, sinuate; intermediate carina lacking; mucro
length 1% of tibial width at apex; lateral denticle % length of mucro; dorsal coronal
margin with three denticles; metacoxal face densely punctate, punctation nearly
concealed by vestiture. Terminal abdominal sternum strongly emarginate in ¢
for reception of apices of 8th tergite and pygidium, not emarginate in 9. Male
genitalia with ventral valve of median lobe ovate (fig. 3) with base broad, internal
sac denticulate, denticles appearing to be in rows near apical orifice, macro-arma-

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

bo
bo
bo

aw
a ‘a SS

a A

73

rz?
ie

By
’

=r
Fé

Figs. 1-2. Stator dufaui (Pic), ¢ genitalia: 1, lateral lobes, ventral; 2, median
lobe, ventral. Figs. 3-4. S. rugulosus, n. sp., 6 genitalia: 3, median lobe, ventral;
4, lateral lobes, ventral. Figs. 5-6. S. bottimeri, n. sp., ¢ genitalia: 5, median
lobe, ventral; 6, lateral lobes, ventral.

bo
bo
Go

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

ture consisting of triangular sclerite near apical orifice and irregular, denticulate,
bivalve sclerite near apex of sac; ejaculatory duct closed by circular valve at apex
of sac flanked by curved, denticulate, thin sclerites; lateral lobes as in fig. 4.

Body length—2.75 mm. Maximum width—1.8 mm.

Holotype 6—CUBA: Baragua, Mar. 20, 1945, L. C. Scaramuzza,
E. E. A. Cuba Entom. No. 11222, in seeds of Pithecellobium discolor
Britton. USNM Type No. 70398.

Allotype 2, paratypes 2 ¢, 2 2, same data as holotype. 3 4,1 ?
paratypes, Cuba: Baragua, Mar. 11, 1942, L. C. Scaramuzza, E. E. A.
Cuba Entom. No. 11220.

This new species is not closely related to any other species of Stator
I have seen. Most species of Stator have a smooth or a minutely sculp-
tured integument, but in rugulosus, the surface of the body is rugulose,
with the rugulosities nearly effacing the puncture series of the elytra.
The lateral carina of the pronotal margin is nearly hidden in the dense
vestiture, but the hind femur and the form and armature of the ¢
genitalia are typical for the genus.

Stator rugulosus is known only from Cuba.

Stator chaleodermus, n. sp.

Body black with bronzy highlights, front and middle legs red, hind legs black;
antennae usually red but sometimes darker in middle segments of club. Vestiture
of white or gray, coppery brown and golden setae intermixed and forming mottled
pattern on elytra and pronotum with two irregular transverse rows of white spots
on elytra; mixed coppery and gray beneath with lateral gray spots on abdominal
terga; ¢ pygidium with mottled pattern similar to that on pronotum, and with
vaguely condensed patches at anterior angles, disk with inverted, dark, U-shaped
mark; 2 pygidium with coppery sheen except each anterior corner with an elon-
gate condensed patch of yellowish white setae, middle of basal margin with simi-
larly colored small patch, apex with scattered small yellowish white setae.

Head with eyes moderately protruded; ocular sinus about one-half vertical length
of eye; frons and vertex with dense, discrete, setigerous punctures; frontal carina
with prominent, rounded boss between upper limits of eyes and extending as an
impunctate line to fronto-clypeal suture, but sometimes faintly marked; clypeus
densely punctate in dorsal one-half, granulate in ventral one-half; postocular lobe
represented by narrow fringe of gray setae; segments of antennal club moderately
eccentric. Pronotum campaniform; lateral margins slightly arcuate in dorsal aspect;
dorsal punctures disciform, individual punctures ovate to circular, discrete, setig-
erous; interspaces flat, impunctate; basal lobe with short, median, impunctate
sulcus. Scutellum rounded, densely setose. Elytra together as long as wide; strial
rows normal faintly impressed longitudinally between setigerous, foveolate strial
punctures; intervals densely microstrigate, setigerous. Pygidium of ¢ densely,
finely punctate, nearly concealed by vestiture; of 2 with dense, setigerous, dis-
ciform punctures in reticulate pattern but not concealed by vestiture. Procoxae
nearly contiguous apically. Mesosternum and metasternum with punctation scat-
tered, disciform, setigerous, interspersed with punctulation; metacoxal face with
densely placed punctures in irregularly reticulate pattern covering entire coxal

224 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

face; metafemur with lateral ventral carina shallowly, sinuately emarginate sub-
apically; metatibia with ventral and lateral carinae complete, the latter slightly
sinuate, intermediate carina obsolete; mucro 3 times as long as lateral tooth but
one-third as long as width of tibia at apex. Terminal sternum of abdomen emargin-
ate in @ for reception of apices of eighth sternum and pygidium; not emarginate
in 2. Male genitalia with ventral valve of median lobe lancet-shaped (fig. 7),
dorsal membranous hood rounded; intemal sac with 10 to 12 flat, falcate, rather
slender spines grouped in a circle near middle of sac, not linearly arranged as in
S. bottimeri, valve of ejaculatory duct circular, ringlike; lateral lobes (fig. 6)
flat, bowed, expanded medially at apex.
Body length—2.5-2.75 mm. Maximum width—1.5-1.75 mm.

Holotype ¢—JAMAICA: Kingston, June 14, 1958, M. W. Sanderson,
(J-58-2), NE slope Long Mountain, beating vegetation. USNM Type
No. 70397.

Allotype ? and paratypes 1 ¢, 3 2, same data. Other paratypes—
JAMAICA: Port Royal; Aug: 5;>1967, 1.4, 1 (93 CG. WO Bren se
Andrew Ferry July 12, 1959, R. P. Bengry, 1 ¢; Kingston, Palisades,
Aug. 25, 1966, Howden and Becker, 2 6. HAITI: Hinche, Aug. 30,
1930, H. L. Dozier, 3 ¢, 4 2; Port-au-Prince, R. J. Crew, 1 6; Poste
Terre Rouge, Oct. 5, 1934, P. J. Darlington, 1 ?. DOMINICAN RE-
PUBLIC: San Jose de las Matas, June, 1938, P. J. Darlington, 3 ¢;
Puerto Plata Prov., Aug. 23, 1967, L. H. Rolston, 2 2; Barahona, Sept.,
1938, P. J. Darlington, 1 ¢; Colonia la Altagracia, Pedernales, Mar. 22,
1967, 26; Tamboril) Aug. 6; 1965, 1°29. PUERTO RICO: San juant
Sept. 10, 1969, light trap, 4 ¢; Isla Verde, July 3, 1969, 30 6, 20 @.

Paratypes are deposited in the U.S. National Museum of Natural
History, Washington, D.C.; Canadian National Collections, Ottawa;
Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; Northern Arizona
University, Flagstaff; Institute of Jamaica, Kingston; Texas A. and M.
University, College Station, Tex.

Stator chalcodermus, n. sp., is most closely related to S. subaeneus
(Schaeffer) from Texas and Mexico, but with the following differences:
in subaeneus, the eye is flattened and nearly contiguous with the lateral
margin of the head, the posterior margin expanded and merging with
the lateral part of the vertex, while in chalcodermus, the posterior
margin of the eye protrudes laterally and is well separated from the
vertex; in subaeneus, the lateral ventral carina of the metafemur is
strongly emarginate subapically, while in chalcodermus the carina is
merely sinuate; in 2° subaeneus, the antero-lateral white spots of the
pygidium are set in a diffuse, lunate band of golden setae while those
of 2 chalcodermus are yellowish white sharply delimited against a
darker background; in subaeneus, the armature of the internal sac of
the ¢ genitalia (Johnson, 1963, fig. 6) is a mixture of short and long
spines with the shorter spines near the base of the sac, while in chal-
codermus (fig. 7), most the spines are grouped in a circle near middle

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 225

of sac but with a few spines at the apex of the sac long and slender; in
subaeneus, the profile of the body in dorsal aspect is distinctly angulate
at the juncture of the pronotum and the elytral humerus, while in chal-
codermus, the profile is nearly contiguous.

Stator chalcodermus is known only from West Indian islands, while
subaeneus is known only from the mainland.

Stator bottimeri, n. sp.

In size, color and general appearance similar to Stator chalcodermus, n. sp.
but with the following exceptions: hind legs entirely red; antennae entirely red,
seldom with darker suffusion near apex; in ?, lateral patches on pygidium pure
white; body less bronzy; ¢ genitalia (fig. 5-6) with 18 to 20 flat, broad spines,
those near apex of sac more slender than those in middle (cf. Johnson, 1963, fig.
6), lateral lobes (fig. 6).

Holotype ¢—CUBA: near Santiago, Aug. 31, 1917, H. Morrison,
USNM Type No. 70396.

Allotype ?—Same data as holotype.

Paratypes: Same data as holotype, 3 ¢. CUBA: Cayamas, Jan. 1,
June 6, Nov. 3, E. A. Schwarz, 1 ¢, 2 2; Camaguey, June 19, 1950,
Berg & Link, 1 2, June 3, 1942, 2 6; Soledad near Cienfuegos, May-
June, 1939, Parsons, 1 3, 1 2; Santiago, Oct. 2-10, 1913, 3 6, 1 &.
BAHAMAS: Abaco Cays, Elbow Cay, Hopetown, Hayden & Giovan-
noli, 1 6; Eleuthera, July 9-15, Wickham, 2 ¢, 1 2; South Bimini Is.,
May-Aug., 1951, 16 ¢, 4 ?. FLORIDA: Stock Is., Apr. 10, 1944, in
Acacia pinetorum Hermann (reported as Vachellia insularis A. Rich.),
1 4; Cudjoe Key, Mar. 9, 1945, 4 6, 2 2, Apr. 11, 12, 20, 22, May 1,
2, 17, 20, 1960, L. J. Bottimer, in Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd., 76 2,
48 2.

Paratypes in Canadian National Collections, Ottawa; U.S. National
Museum of Natural History, Washington; American Museum of Nat-
ural History, New York; Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge,
Mass.

Although this species and chalcodermus are extremely closely re-
lated, the consistent color differences and distinctions in the male
genitalia are entirely adequate to separate them.

I am grateful to Mr. Larry J. Bottimer for turning over to me the
Cudjoe Key material which he collected. He has contributed much to
the study of the Bruchidae with his painstakingly documented reared
material, and I am pleased to name this species for him.

Stator cearanus (Pic), n. comb.
Bruchus cearanus Pic, 1930, p. 12; Bondar, 1936, p. 39.
Acanthoscelides cearanus: Blackwelder, 1946, p. 759.
Body black with the following exceptions: elytra red with intervals 1 and 2,
humeri and marginal spot black; pygidium red, occasionally with basal margin

bo
Ke
op)

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

Chey ii a]
‘ Sg NG
Ssee wi wth

Figs. 7-8. Stator chalcodermus, n. sp., 6 genitalia: 7, median lobe, ventral,
(lateral lobes identical to those of S. bottimeri); 8, everted internal sac showing
armature. Figs. 9-11. S. cearanus (Pic), & genitalia: 9, medan lobe, ventral;
10, lateral lobes, ventral; 11, spiculum gastrale. Figs. 12-13. S. limbatus (Hom),
é genitalia: 12, spiculum gastrale; 13, basal spine of internal sac.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 22:7

piceous; abdominal sterna red except basal two-thirds of basal segment piceous;
antennae red to yellow; labrum usually dark red. Vestiture of slender gray setae
sparsely evenly distributed over dorsal and ventral surfaces except slightly more
condensed on mesepimeron, along anterior margin of hind coxa, pleura of basal
abdominal tergum, and in three vaguely defined, yellowish gray spots along basal
margin of pygidium. Scutellum with dense, white pilosity.

Head short, subovate; eyes rounded, protruded laterally, well separated from
lateral surface of head on posterior margin, postocular lobe narrow, setose, length
of ocular sinus about one-half vertical length of eye; vertex and frons finely,
densely punctate, punctures slightly coarser on basal two-thirds of clypeus, apical
one-third of clypeus granulate; labrum finely, transversely striate, with transverse
row of 6-8 silky, curved, golden setae; frontal carina vaguely defined as an im-
punctate line; antenna with segment 1 cucumiform, 2, 3 and 4 conical, 5 through
10 eccentric, trapezoidal, 11 elliptical, segments 5-11 forming a subserrate club.
Pronotum broadly campaniform in dorsal aspect, apical margin evenly rounded,
basal margin sinuate, ratio of width to length 11:7; dorsal surface evenly convex,
slightly depressed on basal lobe, densely, evenly, finely punctate, the setigerous
punctures separated by about their own diameters, an impunctate line on meson
extending one-third length of pronotum from base toward apex; in lateral aspect,
lateral margin inflexed, marked by a fine, polished, sinuate carina extending from
postero-lateral angle to procoxal insertion; antero-lateral margin of pronotum pos-
terior to eye with bisetigerous tubercle. Elytra with strial rows normal in course,
not quite reaching basal margin; stria 1 extending submarginally around apex
of elytron to end opposite hind coxa, striae 2, 3, 4, 8 and 9 extending nearly to
apex, free apically, striae 5 and 6 short, joined apically, 10 submarginal, extending
to a point opposite middle of apical abdominal sternum; strial rows shallow, punc-
tures shallow, setigerous, causing scalloped margins on intervals; intervals micro-
strigate, setigerous, strigae interspersed with fine punctures. Scutellum quadrate,
emarginate on posterior margin. Pygidium subtriangular, basal and lateral margins
arcuate, marginal carina complete; surface densely set with very shallow, lunulate,
or subhexagonal depressions, each with seta on its anterior border. Prosternum
short, triangular, apex carinate, separating procoxae at their apices; postcoxal sulci
of middle coxae meeting on meson; metasternal disk coarsely punctate; abdominal
sterna densely, finely punctate, the punctures intermixed with microstrigae, punc-
tures setigerous; apical margin of terminal sternum gently excised in ¢ to receive
apex of pygidium; margin evenly arcuate in @. Front and middle legs normal,
not modified; hind coxa densely, evenly punctate; hind femur clavate, lateroventral
carina without subapical angulation, evenly sinuate, mesoventral carina with short,
acute tooth; hind tibia with lateral, intermediate, ventral and mesal carinae com-
plete, partial dorsal carina present; mucro short, about one-third as long as width
of tibia at apex; lateral denticle prominent, acute; 3 or 4 dorsal coronal denticles
present.

Male genitalia with ventral valve triangular (fig. 9), apex acute, incised laterally
at base; armature of internal sac consisting of broad-based spine near apical orifice
and an irregular, reniform sclerite serrate on one margin near apex of sac; gonopore
closure valve ring-like, flanked by densely clustered pockets of fine denticles;
interior of sac lined with many fine, acute denticles; lateral lobes (fig. 10) bowed
in ventral aspect, rather short, with many sensitive setae at apices. Spiculum
gastrale as in fig. 11.

228 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

Holotype ? bearing label “Ceara, 8-84,” 8 ¢, 4 2, paratypes with
same data, all in the collection of Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle,
Paris.

Type locality—Ceara State, Brazil, S. A.

New records—ST. VINCENT: Botanical Gardens, in Pithecellobium
berterianum Bentham (now P. fragrans Bentham). CARRIACOU IS.:
(no locality ), Mar. 3, 1932, in Pithecellobium berterianum. CURACAO:
Schottgatwee, July 1-5, 1962, J. Maldonado C. JAMAICA: Kingston,
Mar. 1, 1962. TRINIDAD: Port of Spain, May 8, 1925, S. A. Rohwer.
VENEZUELA: La Vela de Coro, Mar. 20, 1918, in Acacia sp. CO-
LOMBIA: Sta. Marta, P. J. Darlington; Rio Frio, P. J. Darlington. All
material in the USNM except the latter in Museum of Comparative
Zoology, Cambridge.

Stator cearanus is most closely related to S. limbatus (Horn) de-
scribed from Baja California and Sonora, Mexico, but which ranges
from California, Arizona and Texas to Panama (also introduced into
Hawaii), and at least one other species, Stator bisbimaculatus (Pic)
NEW COMBINATION (described in Bruchus) from Argentina and
Uruguay. I have failed to find any external morphological characters
other than color to separate these three species. The black abdomen,
piceous antennal club and entirely black hind leg distinguish limbatus
and bisbimaculatus from cearanus in which these parts are red; limbatus
is distinguished from the other two by possession of a slender spine
(fig. 13) near the apical orifice in the ¢ genitalia rather than a broad-
based spine, and by the lyre-shaped, convex spiculum gastrale (fig. 12)
rather than a simple, flat, Y-shaped type. Further collections are needed
in Mexico and Central America and in northern South America to further
elucidate the limits of these three species. For the present, the differ-
ences just outlined, however slight, will serve to distinguish them.

RELATIONSHIPS OF West INDIAN SPECIES OF STATOR

Of the 5 known species of West Indian Stator, rugulosus is known
only from Cuba with no known relatives on the mainland, chalcodermus
and bottimeri are closely related to species in Mexico and the United
States, but not with any species yet known from Central or South
America, and cearanus is part of a complex of 3 species reaching from
western North America to Argentina. The relationships of dufaui are
yet obscure, but characters in the ¢ genitalia place it near the limbatus
complex.

REFERENCES

BLACKWELDER, R. E. 1946. Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico,
Central America, the West Indies, and South America. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus.
185:551-763.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 229

BONDAR, G. 1936. Notas biologicas sobre bruchideas observados no Brasil.
Arch. Inst. Biol. Veg. 3:7—44.
BOTTIMER, L. J. 1969. Bruchidae associated with Mimosa, with the descrip-
tion of a new species. Can. Ent. 101(11):1186—1198.
BRIDWELL, J. C. 1946. The genera of beetles of the family Bruchidae in
America north of Mexico. Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 36:52-57.
JOHNSON, C. D. 1963. A taxonomic revision of the genus Stator (Coleoptera:
Bruchidae). Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 56(6):860—865.
1967. Notes on the systematics, host plants, and bionomics of the
bruchid genera Merobruchus and Stator. Pan.-Pac. Ent. 43(4):264-271.
PIC, M. 1927. Nouveautés diverses. Melang. Exot. Ent., Moulins 48:1-32.
1930. Nouveautés diverses. Melang. Exot. Ent., Moulins 55:1—36.

INCORRECT USAGE OF THE TERM “NEW SYNONYMY”

The late Harold Grant explained to me, several years ago, why it is incorrect
to label a newly established synonym as “new synonymy.” He, as an editor, and
I, as an author, have tried to establish in literature the correct usage as “new
synonym” rather than “new synonymy.” But bringing others to this usage has
been slow. Perhaps a special notice would add some converts.

A dictionary (Webster's) definition of synonymy is: “The scientific names
(incorrect and correct), collectively, which have been used in different books to
designate a species or other group; also, a list of these names.” The same dictionary
defines synonym as: “One of two or more words of the same language having
the same or nearly the same essential meaning in all or some of their senses.” If
one accepts these definitions as essentially correct, synonymy is the total list of
synonyms and a new synonymy would be a new total list. An individual name
newly added to the synonymy of a species or a genus would be a new synonym.
Entomological authors commonly confuse synonymy (the total list) with the indi-
vidual synonyms, and label each name newly added to the list a “new synonymy.”
The correct term for an addition to the synonymy is “new synonym.”

Henry Townes, American Entomological Institute, 5950 Warren Road, Ann
Arbor, Michigan 48105.

230 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

EVALUATION OF SEVERAL CHARACTERS BY WHICH FIVE SPECIES
OF CHEYLETUS ARE DISTINGUISHED

(AcARINA: CHEYLETIDAE )

FRANcIs SUMMERS, RoBERT Witt and SHMUEL REGEv, Department of
Entomology, University of California, Davis, California 95616

ABSTRACT—Results of this investigation indicate that the distinguishing mor-
phological characters or combinations of characters already attributed to five spe-
cies of Cheyletus by their describers are trustworthy within satisfactory limits. In
respect to measurement data, some of the items measured provided information
useful for taxonomic judgments, others did not. A method was devised for tabu-
lating the amount of overlap between the linear measurements obtained for each
of several characters among five species when the species are compared two at
a time. This procedure emphasizes the measurement data which give the clearest
differentiation between species.

The observed frequencies with which various numbers of teeth occur on the
claw and combs of the pedipalps show that these tooth counts are useful in species
taxonomy. Attempts to distinguish species according to small differences in types
of particular setae were virtually unprofitable—except that the general form of
body and appendicular setae may be distinctive, as in cacahuamilpensis.

The character and distribution of dorsomedian setae provide satisfactory bases
for species discrimination. The qualitative or quantitative variations observed
among the dorsomedians of species which normally bear a complement of dorso-
median setae were not serious enough to impair the worth of judgments based on
the features. Strangely, more variations in the pattern and dimensions of dorso-
median setae were encountered in the variants of eruditus, a species normally
having no dorsomedian setae. In these cases, however, the kinds of dorsomedian
setae found on the exceptional specimens were unique for the species; such variants
were not confused with other species.

The rearing and examination of large numbers of individuals in clones and inbred
cultures, have not produced atypical specimens which deviated seriously from
the general range of fluctuating variations of their kind. No hybrids or off-type
intermediates were observed. Instead of furnishing important new morphological
criteria for separating species, the results of this investigation tend to affirm rather
than to deprecate the worth of the features already in general use. Observations
on mating, laying and nesting are reported briefly for one or another of the five
species.

About ten years ago five species of Cheyletus were collected within
a small area of the campus of the University of California at Davis.
The specimens were taken from feed grain trash and vegetable matter
in hay debris and manure scooped from the floors of various domes-
tic animal barns and stock pens. The species of Cheyletus were: C.
eruditus (Schrank), C. malaccensis Oudemans, C. aversor Rohdendorf,

PROG. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 231

C. cacahuamilpensis Baker, and C. trouessarti Oudemans. Samples
collected from each kind of situation often yielded two species of
Cheyletus in addition to species of other cheyletid genera, such as
Cheletomorpha and Acaropsella.

Females of the five species of Cheyletus seemed to classify discretely,
without confusing intermediate forms. Their distinguishing features
are given in two recent publications (Volgin, 1969; Summers and Price,
1970). The characters by which they have been differentiated, although
apparently serviceable for taxonomic purposes, are nevertheless minute,
delicate and somewhat variable features. For example, the very tiny
and hard-to-see dorsomedian setae are disposed differently or are ab-
sent on the different species. Among some of the more ornate species
in other cheyletid genera, the dorsomedian setae are noticeably unstable
in respect to number, location and, sometimes, conformation. One who
copes with the differentiating characters described for Cheyletus spe-
cies has to wonder about their reliability—whether all of the immediate
descendants of an individual or a pair will classify as one species and
not be confused with another. Since there appears to be some degree
of intermingling of species within general habitats, is it possible that
interspecific F, hybrids may appear (Edwards, in A. M. Hughes, 1960)?
Another element of possible confusion may be introduced by the oc-
currence of two forms of males, homeomorphic and heteromorphic, as
described for the ubiquitous species, C. eruditus (Hughes, 1960). What
is their genetic or developmental significance in taxonomy?

In an effort to test the constancy or trustworthiness of the taxonomic
characters already ascribed to the above-named species, the writers
initiated the task of capturing live specimens of each one of these
predaceous mites and rearing selected individuals and pairs under fairly
constant, contrived conditions. The standardization of methods and
materials ultimately proved to be less troublesome than the effort to
capture and recognize living specimens of the mites.

The immediate objective of this study was to examine the currently
recognized taxonomic features on significant numbers of these mites,
to seek other criteria which may be useful for identifying species, and
to record the kind or magnitude of deviations from the central tend-
encies of the populations observed. To this end, judgments on 40 pos-
sibly useful characters were made for samples of 100 slide-mounted
females of each species; and many additional specimens reared from
isolated pairs were examined for general conformity with our criteria
of species. Involvement in a rearing program of the scope to be de-
scribed inevitably has revealed other avenues of fruitful investigation;
some of the side issues are reported here, others may be reported
elsewhere.

232 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Considerable information has been published about the relations of
cheyletids to their prey organisms ( Rodionov and Furman, 1940; Krantz,
1961; Soloman, 1962) and about the conditions under which the acarid
prey organisms grow (Soloman, 1962; Sinha, 1962, 1968; Woodring,
1963). Thus the task of finding and rearing a suitable prey species did
not entail much exploratory work. A good source of food organisms
was found without much ado; this was a large sack of wheat bran
stored in a cold room at 41°C, 70% RH. This material was heavily
infested with Acarus siro Linn., Glycyphagus destructor (Schr.) and
G. domesticus (DeG.), with the first species predominating. Although
the preferences of these acarids for several other kinds of food were
tested, as done by Radinovsky and Krantz (1961), the stock of Acarus
siro growing on wheat bran was selected as a standard food supply
for the cultures of Cheyletus. The cultures of food organisms and
predators were incubated at 25°C and held within a humidity range
of 80-85% RH. The culture vessels were stored on glass shelves in
glass or plastic moist chambers the bottoms of which were flooded with
saturated aqueous KCl.

The Glycyphagus species ultimately disappeared from the stock cul-
tures of Acarus siro and, much later during the course of the work,
another acarid, Aleuroglyphus ovatus (Troupeau), appeared and
flourished in all of the laboratory stocks. The same food source, Acarus
siro only, or A. siro and Aleuroglyphus ovatus, and the same procedures
and culture vessels proved to be adequate for rearing each one of the
five species of Cheyletus. The intrusion of A. ovatus in the food supply
seems not to have had any noticeable effect on the vitality of the cul-
tures as far as present purposes were concerned. The growth of the
acarids was found to be appreciably stimulated when quick-cooking
oat flakes were added to the bran, only a few flakes per culture tube.

Small mass cultures of acarids were reared in either of two kinds
of containers. Most used were 4-0z screwcap glass baby food jars. One
and one-quarter inch holes were punched in the metal screw-caps and
bleached muslin was cemented over the openings. In practice, the jars
were filled to half-volume with fresh bran, capped and preconditioned
for about 24 hours in a humidifier before a substantial inoculum from
an older culture was sifted in. Other mass cultures of acarids were
cultivated in 100 x 100 X 15 mm square plastic Petri dishes. The
venting tabs were trimmed from the bottom sections and the tops
sealed on with 18 mm masking tape applied as circumferential strips.
Insofar as the seals were nearly airtight, a small piece of wetted filter
paper (about 1 x 2 cm) was included to boost the humidity of the
enclosed air. Cobalt thiocyanate paper was used to monitor per cent
R.H. where a rough check of the closed culture vessels was desired.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 233

The Petri dish cultures were stackable and the condition of the acarids
could be checked quickly with a dissecting microscope. Thriving mass
cultures of the acarids were easy to produce but exceedingly difficult
to keep confined.

Four types of containers were used for rearing Cheyletus species.

1. The supply stocks of different species were kept in the sealed
square Petri dishes as described above. Some of these Cheyletus cul-
tures survived long periods of neglect (5 months or more), depletion
or disappearance of prey, and with humidities considerably lower than
the optimum for Acarus siro (Solomon, 1962). Such stocks were re-
furbished or subcultured before mites were taken therefrom for ex-
perimental use.

2. Small “holding” cells were constructed by cementing 5 mm sec-
tions of thick-walled glass tubing (13 mm I.D.) onto molded flats of
plaster of paris-charcoal mixture (Lipovsky, 1953). The plaster-char-
coal slurries were cast in glazed ceramic dishes used for embedding
tissues in paraffin. The upper, open ends of the cells were covered
with 18 mm circular coverglasses “soldered” in place with paraffin.
A pencil type of soldering iron was equipped with a slender screw-
driver tip and dipped into a beaker of just-melted paraffin. A powerstat
was used to reduce the temperature of the soldering iron to slightly
exceed the melting point of the wax. Several touches of the iron to
the margin of the coverglass usually sufficed to make a tight seal
without overheating the glass cell. The breaking of the seal with a
sliver of razor blade was troublesome and the covers often cracked.
Small squares of thin plastic film were also used to cap the cells. The
film was sealed onto the end of the cell with a very small amount of
vaseline. This closure proved to be quite satisfactory when the amount
of vaseline was properly adjusted.

The principal use of these small cells was to confine isolated pairs
with a few food organisms so that the survival of both mates could be
confirmed after a short period of exposure to each other. This was
especially helpful when males were confined with female deutonymphs
for the duration of the final molting period of the latter. The plaster
flats bearing the cells were preconditioned in a moist chamber for at
least 12 hours prior to use.

3. “Rearing” tubes were made of 18 mm O.D. pyrex glass tubing
sawed into lengths of 60 mm. One end was closed with cigarette paper
affixed with warm, dilute gelatin; a plastic snap-cap was used to close
the other end of each tube. These tubes were used for rearing the
progeny of isolated females and, sometimes, for starting cultures with
selected pairs. Each tube was normally filled to about one-quarter of
its volume with bran and acarids. Prepared tubes were stored hori-
zontally on racks in moist chambers or placed upright with paper ends

234 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

down and resting on a wire grid. Although the parent cheyletids were
not easily found in the mass of bran within the tubes, the finding of
immature forms later sufficed to indicate survival of the female parent.
The acarids sometimes multiplied to form dense masses which soon
depleted the vegetable food supply after which they declined quickly.
The heavy buildup may have affected the propagation of the cheyletids.
When humidification failed, the prey organisms diminished quickly
and additional bran and acarids had to be added. Increasing the vol-
ume of the bran added appreciably to the labor of harvesting the
progeny of the selected cheyletids.

4. “Harvesting” cages were made of 50 * 10 mm circular, plastic
Petri dishes. The venting tabs were trimmed from the edges of the
bottom sections and the lids fastened down with 4 radial strips of nar-
row masking tape. The contents of the rearing tubes were transferred
to these cages so that the progeny of the individuals originally isolated
could be recovered and classified. The transfer of mites and food sub-
strate from tubes to dishes could be done effectively by first dumping
the bran and mites and then sharply tapping the up-ended tube with
a pencil-like wand. The reverse transfer, dish to tube, was rarely done
because some of the tiny immature cheyletids were usually lost or
overlooked. Additional amounts of bran and acarids plus wetted paper
strips were added at this time or at any time thereafter when unfavor-
able conditions prevailed.

Living specimens were recovered from bulk field samples with a
Tullgren-type funnel extractor, and the extracted specimens were
trapped on the surface of water or in a dry tube taped to the stem of
the collecting funnel. Live or floating Cheyletus species were difficult
to identify even when water-mounted specimens were temporarily im-
mobilized with a coverglass. Female specimens suspected of being
desired species were isolated in rearing tubes until F; female progeny
matured and some of them sacrificed for specific determinations.

A routine was established for assessing the reproduction habits of
each species. As soon as the first mass cultures permitted, approxi-
mately 20 rearing tubes were set up with one nymph each. Another 20
tubes were set up with one mature female each. If males were noticed
in the stocks, an additional 20 cultures were established from attempted
matings. One male and an active or a moulting deutonymph were
caged together in small holding cells or sometimes seeded directly into
prepared rearing tubes. The size of the nuptial cage—whether tube or
cell—appeared not to affect the outcome of the mating attempt, but
the use of the small cells for a short confinement gave a better check
on the outcome of the final molt of the selected nymph. Much labor
was expended in the setting up of intended matings because many of
the isolated nymphs transformed into males instead of females.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 235

At a much later date, the authors attempted to separate species in
mass cultures of C. malaccensis (arrhenotokous ) accidentally contami-
nated with C. eruditus (thelytokous) through the food supply. We
noticed that the males of the former identified for us the moulting
deutonymphs of its own species and, at the same time, the preoccu-
pation of the males with only certain of the moulting deutonymphs
identified these as females. Thereafter only such “identified” moulting
forms of malaccensis were selected for mating trials.

Mature F, progeny from isolated individuals or from attempted
intraspecific crosses were harvested by hand at irregular intervals be-
tween the third and fifth weeks or were harvested once with a Tullgren
apparatus at the end of the fifth week. We believed that a growing
period of five weeks yielded most of the brood of first generation adults
without appreciable intrusion of mature individuals of a second genera-
tion. The estimate of five weeks was based on a 19 to 30 day cycle
reported for C. eruditus (Beer and Dailey, 1956).

The progeny of attempted intraspecific crosses were sexed and
counted but not minutely examined for phenotypic variations. In the
case of attempted interspecific crosses, all individuals reared from each
isolated pair, to a maximum sample of 20, were preserved and mounted
for microscope examinations.

The length of leg I (Table 1) was measured as the distance between
the coxo-trochanteral articulation and the tip of the tarsal claws. Tarsus
I was measured from its proximal end to the distal face of the rounded
elevation which bears the paired addorsal setae tc’ and tc’. The mesal
(paraxial) addorsal seta on tarsus I is noted as Tc’ in Table 1. The
gnathosoma was measured in the dorsal midline, from the arched apo-
deme which supports the hind margin of the stylophore to the apex of
the rostrum. Macro. IV refers to the unusually long dorsolateral seta
of tibia IV. In cacahuamilpensis the seta in this location is a short
blade, not longer than its opposite companion. Post. Coxa I and Ant.
Coxa III refer to lengths of the posterior or anterior setae on the coxae
indicated.

ANALYSIS OF TAXONOMIC CHARACTERS

Forty characters were selected as possible criteria for distinguishing
between the five species of Cheyletus available for study. Twenty of
these were continuous variates selected to yield reasonably precise
measurement data. For example, the distance between the two setae
on the same sclerite could be determined to the accuracy limit of the
micrometer whereas dimensions subject to severe parallax or distortion
due to mounting were avoided. The other twenty characters were qual-
itative, some requiring judgment of degree or condition (e.g., form of
setae), others were meristic or discontinuous variates (e.g., number
of setae on podomeres ).

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

236

98 88 88 L 01 TG 09 Wee Ne
*‘fo0ry OF ued
VL G9 +GE6 8s OScl “89 - ecL 98 +998 8:8) (0G = 29 4-0 9cL eo
L6 LY = S'cS v9 +VC9 Votes Vase 09 + LOPV Tg +009 ge +S8LS Ti Sz0D) Ay,
06 LG +VEés 68 +-6rOL 99 +999 GL FE19 88 +628 T9 +988 fr ex0@ 80d
Sly 98 V8 =V90l ELF IT OLI = L6 +98 O9L+eZSr fs - 9 TI AT “O10RN x
£6 S72 GO0k OMG Ive BGS: + Csr VL --='S'89 Cole Men LS C0rr LAA RESON |
£8 sg +88 GL -ecOl Se +OTP V9 +2L19 66 +966 oS +68 vjog ue) dig‘
Lh Ore 160 ee cancers OSD GPS Sry, CS 13i06 VOL =GrEel GL FS 9sl Rpg way dig’ d
6L Ty +999 cry +89 Sve se Gy sg +£€0S To) e202 VS -V69 ‘deoqng—deoqng
ClO Gr or Z WOet GO B8'Sh G89 96 +19 Oy, + OMG gg + €6 41d-91d
ccs = 316 SOL Vick rb Och OLLIE SGIVL OLI- OSL S91 20ST 16 81 91d-91C
C6 qo +799 G8 + 668 9G + PGE Vy SS oLy 6S +039 97 +099 91d.
06 Sv + G09 Ji Se age Se +CIy 6S LV 99 + €99 Og + 9°19 rd
we G8 Loa OOk Ah Olsi= “GOL OIL 1764-1876 6cL+cOSlL GL + LOET PA-9A «
Sco -Si'8 67 +809 CL a0 ey, GE + ESP EV sh 6V LQ +689 Sry +9 0L 9A x
CSG G8 8G +E 0S = SiG += ciGS Sif” Sess a =e hey | EAD es
COL Lio -=V0G 0G +9EG Si + LoL pa Site OF + GLE €S + 0°9G Ta [9S
L'8 Se = 199 88 + 66 OTe Sir. GOH 7S 06 + L68 oS +GL8 I CIqt
Ibe 69 Siz se Sc0l 9S e S98 869 = LG GL isos Coe OIOI, we OraeectnO GEL J SUusIeL »
CO” G9 geo OVs sioleto L0G BCG) -= 6CSh. lit-=OLVl SPI LO8k GZ. = c'68I BULOSOUIUY)
LHiG = Tee 69I+VS9E TCe+O0crr 6S¢+TLLG 996+CS8 VIEFHWLID V6L+OTIP I 577 +
WMT “IBA 40S19QD SISUBIIDIDUL sisuad 1ipssanosy (pr ) (au0p> “qvl) slopRiryy
ds aes -]MUDNYDVIDI snyupnia snppnia

‘passao0.1d OIIM SNPpPN.la sngapiayo jo S}O[ OMT, ‘suaumloods
OOT syuosoido1 uvoul YORy *satoods ¢ UL SIozJORIeYO YZ FO SJUIUIAMSBIU LOF poeurezyqo SuOT}eIAQp ptepueys pue sued ‘LT 2[4e Lh

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 23

Table 2. Comparisons of different combinations of five species in per cent
overlap for measurements of eight characters.

Characters 1 » 3 4 5 6 a 8
Lengths Distances
Macro-

Seta Leg Tarsus Guard Gnatho- dl6-

Species IV I I Seta soma ve ve-ve dl6
malaccensis 0 0 1 0 12 0 12
trouessarti +O +O val +0 25 +0 28
cacahuamil. 0 0 0 1 3 61
malaccensis +0 +0 +0 To 6 65
trouessarti Il 3 14 39 51 37 55
eruditus ay 43 30 18 26 14 ue
malaccensis 0 ili 1 16 36 6 53
aversor +0 61 Vo) 65 96 53 Th5)
cacahuamil. 0 41 78 8 82 93
eruditus +0 4 oi 3 61 98
cacahuamil. 97 93 0 99 99 62 72
trouessarti 97 97 +O 92 94 90 87
aversor 34 28 AT 14 26 Hdl rt 99
trouessarti 51 5 27 10 13 51 2; 57
cacahuamil. 1 69 82 54 8 38 93
aversor 6 ee 58 33 PA 69 100
malaccensis 97 93 57 12 95 8 94
eruditus 91 97 86 74 99 59 81
aversor 14 85 94 100 100 100 100

eruditus 6 30 29 57 61 98 95

+ Used to mark couplets in which neither value exceeds 5%.

Each of the 40 characters were examined on 100 specimens of each
species. Items occasionally missing on one specimen were supplied
from spare specimens or from the opposite (spare) side of the next
specimen processed.

The use of laboratory-reared specimens was inimical to the purpose
of this phase of the study because interest was focused on variations
within species rather than within clones or families. Unfortunately,
series from samplings of numerous localities in California were avail-
able only for eruditus and trouessarti; otherwise the scarcity of “wild”
individuals required that the sample of 100 species be reared from one
or a few wild specimens, or that all of the wild individuals be recovered
from bulk material obtained in one or two locations. All of our data,
therefore have the limitation of representing somewhat related clones
or inbred families of each species rather than representing species in
their broadest sense.

238 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

A. Continuous Variates.

The means and standard deviations for measurements of lengths or
distances between two parts are given for 6 lots of 100 specimens each
(Table 1). Coefficients of variation were calculated for the pairs of
parameters (Mean + Std. Dev.) and averaged for columns (species )
and rows (characters). The individual coefficients are omitted from
the table.

Eight of the 20 characters were subsequently judged to be more
useful for taxonomic purposes (marked *) than the others and these
were further analyzed for least significant difference (L.S.D.) values.
Two lots of eruditus were processed. One lot comprised a clone reared
in our laboratory (lab. clone) and included only females of four con-
secutive generations. The other lot of 100 specimens (wild) included
females taken from at least 20 localities scattered throughout Northern
California.

Although only small differences between the means of comparable
measurements for the several species are required for statistical sig-
nificance, the data of Table 1 are difficult to assimilate for taxonomic
judgments. The means and deviations are probably more useful for
comparing samples of populations within species whereas estimates of
degree of overlap may better indicate the worth of such data for dis-
criminating species. In an effort to reveal more clearly the utility of
these measurements in taxonomy, a different presentation of the same
data was devised. In Table 2, the amount of overlap in measurements
is shown in per cent for the ten dissimilar combinations of five species
taken two at a time. The lab-reared clone of eruditus was omitted
from these comparisons. Each separate value in the table represents
the frequency with which the measurements of a structure on one spe-
cies lie within the observed range of the corresponding structure on
another species. For example (Table 2, upper right), 12 per cent
of the measurements of distances between setae of the pair dl6 on
malaccensis overlap 28 per cent of the corresponding measurements
on trouessarti. These percentages of overlap were obtained from fre-
quency distributions of each character plotted over a common base
line for each of the five species, approximately as done in Tables 3 and
4. The numbers are percentages because the sample size was 100 in
each case.

In respect to most structural features, trouessarti is the smallest spe-
cies in this series and cacahuamilpensis is but slightly larger; the largest
of the five is malaccensis. Table 2 shows that some of the quantitative
characters observed do not overlap when large and small species are
compared (e.g., trouessarti vs. malaccensis) whereas species similar
in general body size tend to show great overlapping in linear dimen-
sions of various parts (e.g., trouessarti vs. cacahuamilpensis, or aversor

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 239

vs. eruditus). If some arbitrary value is fixed as a level of tolerance
for overlap, then it is easier to identify some quantitative characters
as more serviceable than others for species identification. If the toler-
ance for overlap is limited to 5% or less for either value of a couplet
the possibilities for distinguishing between species in each couplet
according to several characters (rows), or the usefulness of each char-
acter for distinguishing several couplets of species (columns) can be
roughly quantified.

Table 2 is arranged to show these discriminating critera in approxi-
mate diminishing order of value reading down and left to right. It
therefore appears that, according to the samples tested, characters 1-4
should be of greater service in specific descriptions than others included
in the table. A character such as the distance between setae d/6 and
dl6 (Fig. 1) can be measured with precision but the information would
be of dubious assistance when comparisons are being made between
a few specimens.

The coefficients of variation averaged for species and characters
(Table 1) appear to demonstrate several other tendencies of the sam-
ples observed. The means of the coefficients for 20 items (Mean +
Std. Dev.) in each column differ little between species. There is.
however a large difference in these means for the two lots of eruditus.
The mean C.V. of 6.0% for the reared clone versus 9.1% for the lot of
wild specimens, indicates greater uniformity among the 100 individuals
of the reared clone. The coefficients computed for items in the column
for the lab-reared clone were consistently smaller than the coefficients
(not shown) for the corresponding items obtained for the lot of wild
specimens.

The coefficients averaged for rows appear to show that deviations
observed for measurements of length of certain setae—verticals (ve)
and second dorsolateral hysterosomals (dl6)—are not appreciably
smaller than the coefficients averaged for distances separating the setae
of each of these pairs (ve-ve on the propodosomal and d/6-d/6 on the
hysterosomal plate). In other words, the amount of stretch between
pairs of alveoli on each of these plates attributable to pressures of
mounting appears to introduce no unusual source of variation. The
greatest average coefficient was obtained for measurements of distance
between setae dl6-dI7 on one or the other sides of the hysterosomal
plate. This variability is probably related to developmental anomaly
because dI7 is frequently not set opposite its mate.

B. Qualitative Characters.

The frequencies of variation—any noteworthy deviation from nor-
mal—among 20 qualitative or meristic characters are summarized in
Tables 3-5 inclusive.

240 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

dorsomedian
Seta

‘Se

37
e

macro WZ 7 ys

4

!

Fig. 1. Female of Cheyletus trouessarti Oud. Most of the dorsal setae mentioned
in the text are labeled on the drawing.

The number of teeth on the base of the palp claw gives a tentative
identification only of trouessarti (Table 3). The modal number of
teeth on the claw of this species is 3. The teeth, or cusps, are very
nearly equal (isodont). The other four species are not separable ac-
cording to number of these teeth. The coalescence of the several basal
teeth into one large apophysis occurs so rarely among these five species
that the single apophysis on the palp claw of fortis Ouds. may be a
reliable spot character on that species.

The form of the teeth on the palp claw (Fig. 2) gives an iden-
tifier important assistance in distinguishing eruditus from malaccensis,
cacahuamilpensis and aversor. In the first species, the cusps are con-

PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 241

(if outer coinb
Claw

janer
Ze COINS!

SQY

S\N

PS
I=
SEL SONS
ij) i)
Hy)

Fig. 2. Illustration of the terminal segments of the palps of Cheyletus malac-
censis Oud. (A) and C. eruditus (Sch.) (B) to show shapes of the teeth on the
tibial claws.

ical, very nearly alike in size and their long axes are almost parallel.
In the others the two basal teeth are dissimilar, one is conical, the
other flat-sided. A common deviation is incompletely separated teeth—
eruditus (5% ), cacahuamilpensis (5% ), malaccensis (18%) and aversor
(1%). In such instances the basal excrescence of the claw is a sort of
dental ridge having a faint notch approximately in its midregion. In
many specimens of malaccensis, cacahuamilpensis and aversor, the
basalmost cusp appears to be flat-sided when viewed in one plane but
it appears to be conical when viewed from another. It is appressed
tightly against distal tooth so that the axes of the two lie in different
planes. The appearance of the flattened tooth cannot be relied upon
to differentiate malaccensis from cacahuamilpensis and aversor.

The numbers of teeth (or tines) on the inner and outer comb-like
setae on 100 specimens of each of the 5 species are given in table 4.
Of this group, only eruditus has both combs with relatively few, coarse
teeth. The teeth on both sensilla may be counted with relative ease.
In 5% of the eruditus individuals observed, the inner comb possessed
1 to 4 additional spurious teeth on its off side (bipectinate). The
larger number of teeth on the combs of the other species created diffi-

242 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

Table 3. Frequencies with which various numbers of teeth occur on the right
palp claw. Specific names are abbreviated.

Number of Species
Teeth

(Rt. side) erud. trou. caca. mala. aver.
0) 1
i i i!
2 98 6 98 98 95
3 1 82 2 If 5
4 Wal
5

culties for the observer to make reasonably accurate counts, especially
when there were 30 or more fine teeth on the curved shaft of the inner
comb. The use of an ocular having a hair pointer greatly assisted in
the counting process and increased its accuracy.

The frequency distribution shown in table 4 suggests that number of
teeth on the inner comb provides a clearer separation of several species
than the number of teeth on the outer comb.

Judgments on 17 other structural features are shown in Table 5.
Some of the features selected for observation seem to have no evident
worth for distinguishing these particular species. Several of the char-
acters proved to be stable or uniform within the range of species
studied (Nos. 1, 7, 8). For example, the four pairs of dorsolateral
setae on the propodosomal plate (No. 1) deviated from the common
condition only three times in 500 observations. Another stable char-
acter, the disposition of dorsolateral setae on the hysterosomal plate,
assuredly distinguishes cacahuamilpensis (No. 17). Setae of the fifth
pair of dorsolaterals are set on the hysterosomal plate only in this
species; this pair of setae is interscutal in the other four species. The
numbers of dorsolaterals on the hysterosomal plate are shown to be
highly variable because the hindmost one or two pairs—mostly the
8th pair—show many irregularities in location, and the posterior por-
tion of this plate is frequently deficient on one side or both.

The numbers, kinds and disposition of dorsomedian setae have crit-
ical value in species recognition. Lack of dorsomedian setae heretofore
has been thought to be characteristic of eruditus and malaccensis. No
exceptions have been noticed in our samples of malaccensis. However,
this character is now known to vary appreciably in eruditus; superfluous
dorsomedians occur on both plates and even between the plates (inter-
scutal). The superfluous dorsomedians do not really confound the
matter of identification because, when they occur, their structure is
peculiar to the species. They are acicular, smooth and small, some-
times so minute that they are classifiable as microsetae; they are also

Go

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 24:

Table 4. Frequencies with which various numbers of teeth occur on the inner
and outer comb-like setae of the palp tarsus.

Number Inner comb Outer comb

0 19 e sep hyt Se eee
Teeth erud. * trou. caca. mala. aver. erud. trou. caca. mala. aver.

10 1
11

12

13 3
14 5
15 19
16 33
7 26
18 if
19

20 2
21

22

23

24

25

26 13
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38

ene 99

eRe & OO
re wdW Alo
wNwbWd ke
Ww B&W OW CO WR
—
a
bo
We)
~l

eel WO oe KO)
NNWBWoOOrR &

_
bo
_

—
o>)
reWe bp
IN RH Or OW

bo
BONAR ODRONWH
—_—
bo 6 Go

unpredictable as to symmetry of position on the body. Records from
some of the attempts to breed eruditus suggest that a certain comple-
ment of dorsomedian setae is inherent in the genetic organization of
each species but the genic control over phenotype somehow varies
during the final molt of females so that superfluous setae or deficient
pairs occasionally appear.

Another noteworthy phenomenon was encountered in aversor. The
female of this species normally has two pairs of very small, saccular
dorsomedians, one pair on the propodosomal, another on the interscutal
membrane in front of the hysterosomal plate. The deviations in num-

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

244

(0) #9 = (0) }Jo
(0) I (0) s
(0) a (0) a
(0) d (0) d
(0) d (0) dl
(0) a (6s) 4
(T) ®) (0) fe)
(0) e) (0) 0
(0) O (0) )
(0) rrr9 = (0) rrP9
(Z) Goce = (T) GGGE
(T) Ice. (T) IGG
(€) auo = (()) O19Z
(Z) o19Z — (()) OLOZ
(8) euo = (0) O19Z
(11) sey} = (€) 99.14}
Gr) moy (@) Inoj
“lgQD *‘D]DU

(0)

"DIDI

7°

Saresornans =

=H
=H
st
a)

CGCE
GGG

O19Z
OM}
au0

901}

AN0F

“no.w4

(0) Jf
(0) s
(0) d
(0) a
(0) d
(0) d
(0) )
(0) a)
(0) 2)
(¢) PPEO
(3) GOCE
(T) OGG
( T ) O19Z
( G ) O1I9Z
( Ta ) O1I9Z

KGa) oath

(0) INOF

*‘pnia

aye[d *o10}sAY FFO
/WO—G ‘ON ‘ye[OsIOp Jo woHooT JT

J m ue (])
Josuo, 10 (Ss) Ja_OYS vos pIeNd OT

inutay dyed fo ‘s *s1oq
III ¥x00 jo ‘s ‘qUYy

AT B}OSO.1OR IV
[eroun Fy

G ‘ON *}e[OS10d

Ff ON ‘}elosi0d

(aa) [ ‘ON ‘}eOs10q

AN al LAS Le)

AI-] vnues ud

AI-] B10wlsz UC
[eIMos19}UL suUBIPITY

‘[d ‘o1a}sAy UO suURIpeyy
‘[d ‘opodo.d uo suvipoyy

‘Jd ‘o1aysAy UO s[R.19}e'T

‘[d ‘opodoid wo s[ei0yze'T

cI

ovjos FT
‘Sl

J9 GI
Il
soday, OT
6

avs Q

Bea Jo
raqumN 9

=

Vv

(sted) ¢
avyas

[esiop jo Z%
Joaquin

I

STopvIeyy

‘sosoyjuoied ur uMOYs sf suouoods QOT 19d suoNeIASp Fo JoqumMu oy} pu pezworpur st LoJOBIvYO YOvo IOF WOU AY[ENb
dy], ‘SUONVOIFUEp! UL osn s{qQIssod 10} pazojas siajovABYO JO SpUIY [eioAes UO apeUT syustUspNf IOJ poptooal syNsoy “¢ IqRL

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 245

ber of dorsomedian setae in aversor, as indicated in table 5 (Nos. 3,
5), represent unilateral deficiencies of one side or the other. The form
of the dorsomedians in aversor presents an interesting aspect of its
chaetotaxy. In numerous other cheyletid genera, the form of the dorso-
medians is sex-linked. All of the dorsomedians of males and all juve-
niles are indistinguishable structurally from their neighboring dorso-
laterals. The dorsomedians of females in these genera are transformed
into aberrant or peculiar setae during the final molt. In females of
aversor these setae may or may not become aberrant; those which
change become small and saccular. The dorsomedians of aversor fe-
males may show aberrancy (27%) or orthodoxy (73%) for both pairs.
In only one specimen (1%), the individual setae of the pair of inter-
scutals were heteromorphic, one orthodox and one aberrant.

The numbers of setae on three segments of legs I-IV do not vary
sufficiently to confuse species identification (Table 5, Nos. 6, 7, 8).
On the other hand, among the five species examined, only femur IV
of eruditus females provides a differentiating feature. An interesting
point arises in this connection. Oudemans (1906) and Hughes (1961)
described males of eruditus from European localities. But no males of
this species have been reported in North America (Beer and Dailey,
1956; Summers and Price, 1970). We suppose that wherever males of
eruditus occur, their femora IV should bear two setae. The present
descriptions of eruditus males do not cover this point.

The types of setae located on various parts of the body (Table 5,
Nos. 9-15 incl.) seem to provide no novel or useful criteria. Small
deviations from the normal types are not discernible or they are too
subjective to be reliable. Also, the amount of rotation or angle of view
seriously affects judgments of fine differences between lanceolate and
narrow spatulate classes. The attempted classification of unspecialized
setae encountered within this group of species was as follows: A =
acicular, smooth; B = acicular, barbed; C = lanceolate, narrow, fringed;
D = spatulate, fringed, with 1-3 barbed ribs on blade.

Character No. 16, guard seta longer (1) or shorter (s) than solenidion
w on tarsus IJ, is most helpful and definitive for the species in question
because judgments are easily made; the guard seta either is much longer
or much shorter. Other species intermediate in this respect could intro-
duce complications in this judgment.

OBSERVATIONS ON REPRODUCTION

1. Parthenogenesis and Sex Ratios.

The intended program of experimentation with intraspecific and
interspecific mating trials was considerably disrupted when the nature
of reproduction by each species became clear. All five species are
parthenogenetic. Two of them, eruditus and aversor, are thelytokous

246 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

types and the strains dealt with developed no males. We have reared
very large numbers of eruditus from juveniles and females under a wide
range of conditions and have not encountered males. Beer and Dailey
(1956) also reared clones of this species and found no males. We have
not discovered males of eruditus or aversor among numerous cheyletid
samples collected in Northern California.

Females of aversor were easy to transfer and their growth require-
ment presented no special problems. Since all individuals became fe-
males and produced only females, we merely seeded 45 isolation cul-
tures with stock females and counted the number of mature daughters
harvested on or close to the 35th day in isolation. The 45 females
produced 1,633 daughters or 36.3 mature progeny per mother.

Cheyletus cacahuamilpensis also proved to be thelytokous but the
strain propagated did produce males. It had a peculiarity in its sexu-
ality, however. As far as known, the strain reared in our laboratory
was propagated from a single wild female. The first stock cultures
had males but these were notably few in number. It seems probable,
therefore, that she had previously mated. Mature F, progeny were
counted and sexed for 69 isolation cultures established to provide in-
formation about the sex ratios. Eleven of the cultures were seeded
with nymphal stadia, 34 were seeded with females picked randomly
from mass cultures and 24 were started with confirmed pairs. The
latter averaged 21.9 matured, progeny per parent. Matured progeny
harvested from the isolated pairs comprised females only, and the as-
sumption is that there was no functional mating. Male progeny ap-
peared in only two of the 69 cultures, both of which had been seeded
with females picked from general stocks. The peculiarity is the fact
that the male-producing females produced males only, 21 males by one
parent, 31 males by the other.

The taking of males for mating attempts somewhat depleted the
population of males in the stocks of cacahuamilpensis. Since we failed
to breed males intentionally, the male line became depleted and was
eventually lost. The stocks then became clones of thelytokous females.

It has been noted in phytoseiids that conspicuous absence of males
may characterize highly inbred lines (Poe and Enns, 1970). The dura-
tion of the period of inbreeding of our strain of cacahuamilpensis was
probably not more than six months, time enough for a few generations
only. This cheyletid is thelytokous and it could be possible, though not
established, that its males may not be haploid.

Routine rearings of isolated individuals and pairs of trouessarti and
malaccensis clearly established that these are arrhenotokous species
having plentiful males. The bisexual condition of their colonies was
easily maintained in laboratory stocks.

Although numerous juveniles of trouessarti were isolated in culture

~l

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 24

vessels, only eight of these survived to maturity and became repro-
ducing virgin mothers. These produced only males; 136 males were
harvested from these isolates. Two cultures, each initially containing
a proved pair yielded 23 progeny, 9 males, 14 females. The term
“proved” pair is employed to indicate that an isolated deutonymph is
known to have transformed into a female in the presence of an active
male. Forty-four females picked at random from mass cultures and
reared in isolation tubes produced offspring of both sexes. Males only
were produced by 11 of these 44 females; these were presumed to have
been virginal when isolated. The other 33 isolated females produced
F, progeny of both sexes, 233 males, 402 females. At this stage of
technical capability in the rearing operations, the conditions of the
cultures were somewhat erratic and many of the offspring were victims
of cannibalism. Possibly the real reproductive capability of trouessarti
exceeds that which was demonstrated.

In the case of malaccensis, one group of 20 isolated deutonymphs
became reproducing females and these gave rise to males only. This
group of females produced 213 males. Twenty-one cultures started
with mature females randomly selected from stocks produced 487 prog-
eny harvested as adults, 130 males, 357 females. All of these 21 females
reproduced. Twenty-two cultures seeded with proved pairs yielded
572 progeny, 200 males, 372 females. Six of the isolated pairs failed to
reproduce. More progeny were harvested from this group of 16 cul-
tures than were taken from cultures initially established with females
picked randomly from stocks. The latter probably included older,
partly expended individuals. The mated females of malaccensis, like
those of trouessarti, tended to weight the sex ratio appreciably in favor
of females. How the sex ratio may have been affected by cannibalism
or by the restricted period of the harvesting is not known at present.
In all of our culture vessels, the number of eggs observed has greatly
exceeded the number of mature progeny harvested later.

2. The Mating Process.

Deutonymphs of presumptive opposite sexes are not easily distin-
guished by their gross features and apparently identifiable associations
between them have not been noticed—except when one feeds upon
the other. Males begin to attend molting deutonymphs destined to
become females shortly after the onset of the final quiescent period.
One male usually becomes the dominant suitor and, having established
an enduring association, hovers about, mostly in contact with the trans-
forming nymph. The portent of approaching ecdysis is an increased
mobility of the male. He quickens his assiduous ministrations—the
moving of her body or legs, palpations and even possibly the punc-
turing of her integument with his stylets, until her exuviae is shed.

248 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

Very soon thereafter he backs beneath the front part of her somewhat
elevated body and copulation ensues, with female over male in a rear
to rear posture. When the mates separate, the constancy of the asso-
ciation is broken and mates no longer can be identified as such. This
account of copulation conforms closely with Robertson’s (1952) de-
scription of the process in eruditus and with the description of mating
given by Beer and Dailey (1956) for the species which they named
Cheletophyes knowltoni.

3. Conditions for Mating.

It has been possible to investigate only a few of the factors involved
in the breeding processes of malaccensis. One question concerned the
size of the vessel within which potential mates were confined. It is
our common experience that the probability of fruitful matings was not
perceptibly affected by our choice of the kind of isolation culture
vessels employed or, within reasonable limits, by the quantity of prey
mites present at the critical time of mating. The confinement of a
moulting nymph and the male within a small “holding” cell did not
increase the number of successful matings as compared with pairs
seeded into the larger vessels having greater numbers of acarids and
more of their cereal food materials.

Twenty-two cultures with proved pairs were set up in vial-like rear-
ing tubes and their mature progeny harvested 30 days later. Sixteen
of these females mated successfully and produced F; progeny of two
sexes—about 72% mating—and six produced only males. Another lot
comprising 20 cultures was set up with one moulting nymph (potential
female) and 10 males per vessel. Only 60% of these virgins mated
and produced progeny of both sexes; the unsuccessful cultures con-
tained only a few hold-over males but no females. Our attempts to
mate couples or to mate virgin females by confining them with several
males have demonstrated that mating is difficult to induce or control
in captive populations.

Gravid or ovipositing females (virgin or mated) of malaccensis,
aversor, cacahuamilpensis and eruditus exhibit a kind of nesting be-
havior, protecting their nests or broods of eggs against other encroach-
ing mites, including males of their own kind. They may therefore repel
all potential mates for the duration of the brooding periods or, possibly,
for the entire period of oviposition.

Evidence from trials with malaccensis suggests that successful matings
in this species occur very soon after the female deutonymph molts but
less frequently thereafter. In one battery of tests, virgin females reared
from isolated deutonymphs were exposed to males at various intervals
after they attained adulthood. Two males were placed with virgin
females 2, 4, 6, 8 and 14 days of age. In the trials with younger virgins,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 249

2-8 days inclusive, the males were allowed to remain with the females
for 2 days only after which they were removed from the nuptial cages.
There were 10 replicates for each age to 8 days and 25 replicates for
the 14-day isolates. In the final series, the isolated females were trans-
ferred at 7-day intervals to new cages with new food in order to cast
off their own male progeny prior to the actual mating attempts. Two
strange males were introduced when the females were transferred on
the 14th day. In this series, the numbers of progeny produced before
and after the introduction of males were recorded. Most of the progeny
were produced from eggs laid before the 14th day (288 males har-
vested ) and only a few were produced from eggs laid after males were
introduced (46 males harvested). Female progeny appeared in only
one of the 65 culture vessels; culture #3 among the 4-day isolates
yielded 44 males and 2 females other than the mother mite. Otherwise
there were no other indications of mating among virgins 2 days of age
or older. The 64 other females produced male progeny exclusively.

The question of whether mating may occur much later than the
teneral period was approached in a different way. Isolated virgin fe-
males were confined for long periods with their accumulated male
progeny. Thirty-five such cultures were set up and inspected regularly
for periods ranging to 81 days. Most of the cultures developed only
males and then died out. However, 12 of the isolated females ulti-
mately produced daughters; these cultures were discarded when at least
four females were found. That approximately one-third of the females
appeared to have mated with their sons late in the reproductive period
may relate to the intermittency of brooding. Females may lose their
broodiness and accept males in the brief intervals between oviposition
cycles.

4. Oviposition.

As mentioned before, females of the species eruditus, aversor,
cacahuamilpensis and malaccensis exhibit pronounced nesting habits.
The progeny of eruditus are especially difficult to harvest from cul-
tures containing bran flakes because the young brooding or laying fe-
males secrete themselves within the rolled or cupped flakes. They do
not move about freely on the walls of the containers and they are quite
difficult to dislodge from their nests. The nesting species accumulate
sizeable clutches of eggs on which they perch. Invaders are attacked
by the nesting mothers. A few strands of silk have been observed only
in the nests of eruditus.

C. trouessarti does not seem to deposit eggs in obvious clusters. It
was necessary to isolate and hatch some of the eggs of this species in
order to demonstrate that its females are oviparous. In thriving cul-
tures the eggs of the acarids complicate the matter of identifying
those of the predator.

250 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

A special study of oviposition was made for malaccensis. In this
study, 30 females were reared to maturity in isolation cultures and
their production of unfertilized eggs recorded daily for the first 11 days
of adulthood. The nests were removed daily from each culture vessel
so that yields could be determined. It is probable that the taking of
the nests each day affected to some extent the progress of oviposition.
All of these females reproduced. First eggs were laid on the second to
sixth days, with 23 individuals beginning to lay on the third or fourth
days. This lot of virgin females averaged slightly more than 19 eggs
on the initial laying day and 5 females actually laid 50 eggs on the first
day of the laying period. They averaged 83.7 eggs during the first 11
days of adult life.

A second series of 22 isolates was established to estimate total egg
production and to provide information about the duration and inter-
mittency of laying. These females were virginal and their nests were
taken daily for the first 15 days and thereafter only when sizeable lots
of eggs appeared. One of these females was unproductive; she died on
the 11th day. The remaining 21 females average 133.1 eggs during their
laying periods.

Twenty of the females survived at least 38 days and 8 survived 48
days. Oviposition peaked on the fifth day and approximately 75% of
the eggs were deposited during the first 15 days. Individual protocols
showed that laying was intermittent, one large burst of ovipositional
activity followed by 2 to 3 minor flurries at variably spaced intervals,
the last of which ended on the 40th day. Insofar as the females were
virgins and their nests were repeatedly taken, we do not know how the
eggs would have been laid under undisturbed circumstances or in the
presence of males.

5. Attempts to Cross Species.

Attempts to produce interspecific F, hybrids were begun when lab-
oratory stocks included but three species: eruditus, trouessarti and
cacahuamilpensis. The only males in good supply were those of
trouessarti. At this stage of the operation, many attempted matings
aborted because some of the molting deutonymphs isolated and placed
with males transformed into males. Without relevant genetic or cyto-
logical information with which to anticipate outcome, we attempted
to mate the males of an arrhenotokous species (trouessarti) with fe-
males of thelytokous species (eruditus, cacahuamilpensis ).

Fifty-five culture tubes containing proved couples of eruditus fe-
males < trouessarti males produced 351 matured progeny, all partheno-
genetically generated females of eruditus. These were mounted in
Hoyer’s fluid and individually examined. In similar fashion, 46 cul-
ture tubes containing proved couples of cacahuamilpensis females x

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 251

trouessarti males were established. Many of these failed to reproduce;
21 females produced 241 matured progeny. All were mounted and
judged to be parthenogenetically produced females of cacahuamilpensis.

Later on, attempts were made to obtain F, hybrids from the two
arrhenotokous species, malaccensis females < trouessarti males and
trouessarti females < malaccensis males. Only male progeny were
harvested from 20 proved couples of the attempted crossing of the
first combination. All of these females reproduced; 376 malaccensis
males were harvested from the cultures. Thirty-seven attempts to test
the reciprocal cross, trouessarti females x malaccensis males, aborted
because moulting deutonymphs or young virgin females of trouessarti
were attacked or devoured by the much larger males of malaccensis.

The 121 attempts to cross species produced no evidence of hybridiza-
tion in respect to morphology or change in the sex ratios of the prog-
eny examined. In virtue of the reluctance of Cheyletus females to
accept mates, at least when reared in captivity, the issue of whether
interspecific F, hybrids occur is not clearly resolved by these trials.

One noteworthy phenomenon was recorded for some of the progeny
generated in attempted matings of eruditus females < trouessarti males.
Systematists have described eruditus females as having no dorsomedian
setae. Actually a small percentage of them do have one or more pairs
of inconspicuous dorsomedians (Table 5). A few of the females used
in the attempted interspecific matings gave progeny having one or
more pairs of dorsomedian setae. In two cases out of 55 observations,
the daughters from each of the two mothers varied in this respect, some
daughters of each one showed dorsomedian setae in several patterns
whereas other daughters had no dorsomedians. In a third case, an
eruditus mother produced 15 daughters all having dorsomedian setae
among which there were 15 variations in the numbers and symmetry
of the scutal or interscutal setae. Otherwise, however, the daughters
were indistinguishable from eruditus females generally. The dorso-
median setae, when present were also observed to vary in size, from
mere dots in the center of alveoli to substantial acicular, smooth setae
about 30 microns long.

This appears to present a situation in which a character—a comple-
ment or dorsomedian setae—is expressed variably. We suppose that
the mother’s genotype governs the development of dorsomedian setae
as a group but that something in the nature of organizer control during
later periods of differentiation becomes feeble or inhibited and region-

ally spotty.

REFERENCES
BEER, ROBERT E and DAVID T. DAILEY. 1956. Biological and systematic
studies of two species of cheyletid mites, with a description of a new species
(Acarina, Cheyletidae). Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 38, part 1 (No. 5):393-437.

252 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

EDWARDS, A. R. 1952. Support for the view that Cheyletus eruditus Schrank
(Acarina, Trombidiformes) has heteromorphic males. Ent. Mon. Mag. 88:107.

HUGHES, A. M. 1961. The Mites of Stored Food. Ministry of Agriculture,
Fisheries and Food, Tech. Bull. 9. London, 287 pp.

KRANTZ, G. W. 1961. Biology and ecology of granary mites of the Pacific
Northwest. I. Ecological considerations. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 54(2):169-174.

LIPOVSKY, LOUIS J. 1953. Improved technique for rearing chigger mites.
Ent. News 64(1):4-7.

POE, S. L. and W. R. ENNS. 1970. Effects of inbreeding on closed populations
of predaceous mites (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Can. Ent. 102(10):1222-1229.

RADINOVSKY, S. and G. W. KRANTZ. 1961. The biology and ecology of
granary mites of the Pacific Northwest. II. Techniques for laboratory observa-
tions and rearing. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 54(4):512-518.

RODIONOV, Z. S. and A. V. FURMAN. 1940. Interrelations between the
phytophagous and predaceous mites. Uchen. Zap. Mosk. Gosud. Univ., Moscow,
No. 42 (Zool.):197.

SINHA, R. N. 1962. Stored product acarology in Canada. In Advances in
Acarology, I, J. A. Naegele, ed., pp. 70-88.

1968. Seasonal changes in mite populations in rural granaries in
Japan. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 61(4):938-949.

SOLOMON, M. E. 1962. Ecology of the flour mite, Acarus siro L. (= Tyro-
glyphus farinae DeG.). Ann. Appl. Biol. 50:178-184.

SUMMERS, FRANCIS M. and DOUGLAS W. PRICE. 1970. Review of the
mite family Cheyletidae. Univ. Calif. Pub. Ent. 61:1-153.

VOLGIN, V. E. 1969. Acarina of the family Cheyletidae, world fauna. Akad.
Nauk S.S.S.R., Zool. Inst., Opredel. p. Faune S.S.S.R., No. 101: 1-432.

WOODRING, PORTER J. 1963. The nutrition and biology of saprophytic
sarcoptiformes. In Advances in Acarology, I, J. A. Naegele, ed., pp. 89-111.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 253

LECTOTYPE DESIGNATION FOR AEDES (STEGOMYIA) GALLOISI
YAMADA WITH A NOTE ON ITS ASSIGNMENT TO THE
SCUTELLARIS GROUP OF SPECIES
( DieTERA: CuLICcIDAE )' 2

Yrau-Min Huanc, Southeast Asia Mosquito Project, Department of
Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560

ABSTRACT—Examination of syntypes of Aedes galloisi Yamada confirms its
assignment to the scutellaris group of species. A full description of the lectotype
male is given.

Aedes (Stegomyia) galloisi Yamada
(Hig. 2)

Aedes galloisi Yamada, 1921, Annot. Zool. Jap. 10:47 (4*, 2). Type locality:

Sapporo, Honshu, Japan.

Lectotype hereby designated: lectotype male with associated terminalia slide
(YMH—‘69-81), Sapporo, Hokkaido, 18-8-1917. (S. Yamada). Deposited in the
Medical Zoology Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Tokyo,
Tokyo, Japan.

Male. Head.—Proboscis dark scaled, without any pale scales on the ventral
side; palpus dark, slightly shorter than proboscis, with a white basal band on each
of segments 2—5; those on segments 4, 5 incomplete dorsally; segments 4, 5 sub-
equal, slender, upturned, and with only a few short hairs; antenna plumose, shorter
than proboscis; clypeus bare; torus covered with white scales except on dorsal
side; decumbent scales of vertex all broad and flat; erect forked scales brownish
dark, not numerous, restricted to occiput; vertex with a median stripe of broad
white scales, with broad dark ones on each side interrupted by a lateral stripe
of broad white scales followed by a patch of white broad ones ventrally. Thorax.
Scutum with narrow dark scales and a prominent median longitudinal stripe of
similar white ones, the median stripe narrows slightly posteriorly and forks at
beginning of the prescutellar space; there is on each side a posterior dorsocentral
white line, a few narrow white scales on the lateral prescutal area and on the
scutal angle area forming a curved white line along the border of the lateral pre-
scutal area and scutal angle area and connected to the posterior dorsocentral white
line, a patch of broad flat white scales on the lateral margin just before the level
of the wing root and a few narrow curved white scales over the wing root;
acrostichal bristles absent; dorsocentral bristles present; scutellum with broad
white scales on all lobes and with a few broad dark ones at the apex of mid lobe;
anterior pronotum with broad white scales; posterior pronotum with a large patch
of broad white scales and some white narrow ones dorsally; paratergite with broad
white scales; postspiracular area with broad white scales; subspiracular area with

1 This work was supported by Research Contract No. DA-49-193-MD-2672 from
the U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Office of the
Surgeon General.

2TImmediate publication secured by full payment of page charges—Editor.

954 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

distimere

aedeagus

Lectotype ae |
Aedes (Stegomyia)galloisi Yamada fala

Fig. 1. Aedes (Stegomyia) galloisi Yamada, tergal aspect of the lectotype male
terminalia with claspette enlarged.

white scales; patches of broad white scales on propleuron, on the upper and lower
portions of sternopleuron and on the upper and lower portions of mesepimeron;
mesepimeron scale patches connected; lower mesepimeron without bristles; me-
tameron bare. Wing. With dark scales on all veins except for a minute basal spot
of white scales on the costa; frist forked cell 1.5 times as long as its stem. Halter.
With dark scales. Legs. Coxae with patches of white scales; knee-spots present
on all femora; fore and mid femora dark anteriorly, paler posteriorly; hind femur
anteriorly with a broad white longitudinal stripe which widens at base and on
about the basal "4; fore and mid tibiae dark anteriorly, paler posteriorly; hind
tibia dark; fore and mid tarsi with basal white bands on tarsomeres 1, 2; hind

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 255

tarsus with basal white bands on tarsomeres 1-5, the ratio of the length of the
white band to the total length of each tarsomere is 1/4, 1/4, 1/2, 3/5 and 2/3;
fore and mid legs with tarsal claws unequal, the larger one toothed, the smaller one
simple; hind leg with tarsal claws equal, simple. Abdomen. Abdominal segment
I with white scales on laterotergite; terga III-IV each with a basal transverse white
band; with lateral white spots; the lateral spots do not connect with the basal
transverse bands; terga II, VII with lateral white spots only; sterna IIJ-VI with
basal white bands; sternum VIII largely covered with white scales. Terminalia.
Basimere 3.5 times as long as wide; its scales restricted to dorsolateral, lateral and
ventral areas; with a patch of hairs on the basomesal area of dorsal surface; mesal
surface membranous; claspette with a 90° lateral distal angle in lateral aspect
(dissected claspette), with a mesal distal projection forming a distinct distal
mesal hook, with numerous setae and several widened specialized ones on the
sternal side of the distal part; distimere simple, elongate, as long as basimere,
slightly swollen near the tip; with a spiniform process and a few hairs near apex;
aedeagus with a distinct sclerotized lateral toothed plate on each side; paraprocts
without teeth; cercal setae absent; ninth tergum with middle part produced into a
rounded lobe with shallow emargination medially and with a hairy lobe on each
side.

TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION. A. galloisi is a member of the albo-
pictus subgroup, having the supraalar white line not clearly defined
and with only narrow scales over the wing root. It is very similar to
albopictus (Skuse), seatoi Huang and wnilineatus Theobald in having
the scutum with a patch of broad flat white scales on the lateral margin
just before the level of the wing root. It differs from albopictus and
seatoi in scutal ornamentation and in this respect resembles unilineatus
lacking, however, the white spot on the anterior surface of the mid
femur of the latter. The male terminalia of galloisi, though very similar
to those of swhalbopictus Barraud, differ in having the claspette with
stem rather narrow in lateral aspect (dissected claspette), with a dis-
tinct distal mesal hook and with numerous setae and several widened
specialized ones on the sternal side of the distal expanded part.

A. galloisi Yamada was originally assigned to Group C. (scutellaris
group), by Edwards (1932). Mattingly (1965) transferred it from
Group C. to Group B. Based on the great similarity to members of the
scutellaris group, however, it is here transferred back to the scutellaris
group.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I am grateful to Dr. Botha de Meillon for the helpful assistance in connection
with this paper and for critical review of the manuscript. I also extend my thanks
to Mr. Vichai Malikul of the Southeast Asia Mosquito Project for his help in
making the drawings. I also wish to express my gratitude to Dr. M. Sasa, Director,
the Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, for the loan of the
syntype specimen described above.

256 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

REFERENCES

EDWARDS, F. W. 1932. Diptera, Family Culicidae, Genera Insectorum,
Fascicle 194. 258 pp.

MATTINGLY, P. F. 1965. The Culicine mosquitoes of the Indomalayan Area.
Part VI. Genus Aedes Meigen, subgenus Stegomyia Theobald (Groups A, B
and D). Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., London. 67 pp.

YAMADA, S. 1921. Descriptions of ten new species of Aedes found in Japan,
with notes on the relation between some of these mosquitoes and the larva of
Filaria bancrofti Cobbold. Annot. Zool. Jap. 10:45-81.

BOOK REVIEW

The Insects of Australia. A Textbook for Students and Research Workers. Divi-
sion of Entomology, C.S.I.R.O., Canberra, 1970. Melbourne Univ. Press. xiii +
1029 pp. $22.10. U.S. sales by International Scholarly Book Services, Inc.,
Portland, Ore.

One is immediately impressed with the sheer size and weight of this book. A
perusal of the contents reveals that this is indeed a major entomological work
that will undoubtedly be a standard reference for many years. The text is supple-
mented by numerous, excellently done drawings which are mostly original. Seldom
has a book of this type had such an abundance of fine artwork, and the figures
represent one of the strong points of the volume. Included are 9 beautiful color
plates, one of which displays various Batesian mimicry patterns found in Australia.
The text is printed on high quality paper in easy-to-read type, and we noticed
very few printing errors. The book is the work of 30 specialists, mostly Australian.

The first 9 of the 37 chapters cover the customary general subjects such as
anatomy, physiology, reproduction and biology, but well organized treatments of
classification theory, evolution, cytogenetics, and Australian zoogeography are also
included. The zoogeography section will interest taxonomists worldwide, and the
extensive chapter on fossils is a fairly up-to-date summary of knowledge of this
subject. Although designed for Australians, this text should find wide appeal
because of the broad application of the information in these early chapters.

The bulk of the book is given to treatments of the various insect orders. It is
refreshing to see that some traditional but outdated textbook concepts of the orders
have been replaced in this volume by more modern ideas of insect classification.
For example, the Collembola, Protura, and Diplura are treated as classes distinct
from the Insecta. Twenty eight insect orders are recognized, including the Arch-
aeognatha for the machilid types usually included in the Thysanura. The classical
order Orthoptera is broken up into various separate orders such as Mantoidea and
Blattoidea. On the other hand, the order Hemiptera includes the suborders Heter-
optera and Homoptera. We wonder if too much weight has been given to cyto-
genetical evidence in lumping the Anoplura and Mallophaga as suborders of the

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 257

order Phthiraptera, however. Keys to families and often subfamilies of each order
are provided, and sections on anatomy, immatures (including keys in some in-
stances), biology, and special features of the Australian fauna supplement each
ordinal treatment.

The chapter on Neuroptera is noteworthy because it includes a new familial
classification based on considerations of wing venation and the larval head. The
keys in this section utilize many new characters which provide more positive
identification than keys previously available and these should find wide acceptance
outside of Australia. The recognition of the Megaloptera as an order separate from
the Neuroptera seems weakly supported morphologically. This separation is based
primarily on different types of larval jaws (chewing in Megaloptera versus piercing-
sucking in Neuroptera), but certainly even greater larval mouthpart differences are
found within other orders, such as Diptera. Megaloptera adults appear to offer
no ordinal distinctions from Neuroptera.

We noted some discrepancies in the Aculeate wasp section of the Hymenoptera
chapter. When Maa and Yoshimoto proposed the family Loboscelidiidae in 1961,
they showed rather convincingly that it belonged in the Aculeate superfamily
Bethyloidea. It is difficult therefore, to understand why this family is assigned
without explanation to the non-Aculeate superfamily Proctotrupoidea, especially
since the paper of Maa and Yoshimoto is cited in the chapter on Hymenoptera. The
separation of the Cleptidae from the Chrysididae is perhaps not well founded, but
the placement of the latter in a monotypic superfamily Chrysidoidea is cer-
tainly unjustified. Both groups belong in the Bethyloidea. The recognition of the
Ampulicidae as a family distinct from the Sphecidae is a subjective matter, but
in any case the characters used in the key and discussion are not diagnostic.

Evidently the literature survey for the book ended with 1965, but some papers
published as late as 1967 are cited in footnotes or inserted at ends of paragraphs.
In our areas of competence we noted the absence of a few important references
such as the catalog of Indoaustralian Ichneumonidae of Townes, Townes, and
Gupta, 1961, and Evans’ 1964 paper on the classification of the Sphecidae based
on larval characters.

None of these criticisms detract seriously from the book however, and some are
subjective. The authors are to be congratulated for a very fine piece of work.
Compared to most areas of the world, the insects of Australia have been poorly
collected, and therefore the entomofauna represents one of the last frontiers in
taxonomic entomology. This impressive book provides an excellent summary of cur-
rent knowledge of the insects in this part of the world, and hopefully it should
give Australians as well as others incentive to intensify their collecting and taxo-
nomic research of the fauna.

A. S. MENKE, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agricul-
ture, c/o U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560 and L. A. STANGE,
Instituto Miguel Lillo, Tucuman, Argentina.

258 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

NEW COMBINATIONS FOR NEOTROPICAL SAWFLIES
(HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE )

The following new combinations are proposed for some sawflies from Mexico,
Central America, and South America so that these species may be properly iden-
tified. The new combination is given first, and the original generic name is given
in parentheses following the reference. All are in the family Tenthredinidae.

Adiaclema ictericum (Klug), 1818, Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 8:79, 2
6 (Tenthredo). Brazil.

Adiaclema plesium (Rohwer), 1911, Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 41:393, 9 (Strombo-
ceros). Mexico.

Adiaclema urichi (Rohwer), 1911, loc. cit. supra, p. 393, ¢ (Stromboceros).
Trinidad.

Proselandria carminea (Jorgensen), 1913, An. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires
24:274, 2 (Stromboceros). Argentina.

Proselandria roseomaculata (Enderlein), 1920, Sitz. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde
Berlin 9:362, 2 & (Strongylogaster). Southern Brazil.

Stromboceridea albilabris (Konow ), 1885, Wien. Ent. Zeit. 4:21, 2 é& (Strombo-
ceros). Bolivia.

Stromboceridea barretti (Rohwer), 1911, loc. cit. supra, p. 391, 2 (Stromboceros).
Mexico.

Stromboceridea pilosula (Rohwer), 1911, loc. cit. supra, p. 392, 9 (Stromboceros).
Mexico.

Rohwerina ornaticornis (Cameron), 1883, Biol. Centr.-Amer., v. 1, p. 3, ¢
(Siobla). Guatemala.

Caribea illuminata (Norton), 1868, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 2:222, 2 é (Strongylo-
gaster). Mexico.

Eustromboceros diversicolor (Rohwer), 1911, loc. cit. supra, p. 390, ¢ (Aneu-
gmenus). Mexico.

Inea pygmaea (Enderlein), 1920, loc. cit. supra, p. 365, ¢ (Strongylogaster).
Costa Rica.

Inea rufonota (Rohwer ), 1911, loc. cit. supra, p. 389, ¢ (Nesoselandria). Mexico.

Liliacina gandarai (Rohwer), 1911, loc. cit. supra, p. 395, ¢ (Eustromboceros).
Mexico.

Ametastegia championi (Cameron), 1883, loc. cit. supra, p. 35, 2 (Emphytus).
Guatemala.

Ametastegia mexicana (Cameron), 1883, loc. cit. supra, p. 35. (Emphytus).
Mexico.

Periclista antarctica (Malaise), 1944, Arkiv for Zool. 36B:1, @ (Pseudomono-
phadnus). Chile (Tierra del Fuego).

Periclista limbata (Enderlein), 1920, loc. cit. supra, p. 352, 2 (Monophadnus).
Chile.

Waldheimia fumipennis (Ashmead), 1898, In Dyar, Jour. N.Y. Ent. Soc. 6:128
(Parazarca). Mexico.

Waldheimia pallens (Klug), 1818, loc. cit. supra, p. 80, 9 (Tenthredo). Surinam.

Metapedias rufonota (Rohwer), 1912, Smith. Misc. Coll. 59:2, 9 (Erythraspides).
Panama.

Davm R. SmirH, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agri-
culture, c/o U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 259

REDISCOVERY OF EXOCHUS ALBICEPS
(HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE )

The species Exochus albiceps Walsh was published in 1873 (Trans. Acad. Sci.
St. Louis 3:96). Before the description was printed, Walsh had died and his
collection (including the type of E. albiceps) had been destroyed in the Chicago
fire of 1871. During the next hundred years, no specimens fitting the description
of E. albiceps could be found, and with the type destroyed, this was a lost species.
In my revision of the Nearctic species of Exochus (1959. U.S. Natl. Mus. Bul.
216 (1):170-267), I could do no more with E. albiceps than to republish the
original description. Privately, I speculated that the species might be extinct,
but this idea proved to be incorrect.

In the summer of 1971, my brother George Townes was collecting with Malaise
traps at his home near Cleveland, South Carolina. Among the specimens trapped
were four females that agree perfectly with the description of Exochus albiceps.
These specimens were collected August 3 to August 12. Soon after this discovery,
I received from Gerd Heinrich a fifth female of E. albiceps collected September
8 to 15, 1971 in Chilcot State Park, Louisiana.

Further, George Townes collected a male Exochus in the same traps on July
28 that matches the type male of Exochus sulcatus Townes (from New Jersey)
and is evidently the male sex of Exochus albiceps. E. sulcatus is thus a junior
synonym of E. albiceps. Walsh states that his description was of a male, but his
description fits only the female, and the male coloration is different enough from
that of the female to make it certain that Walsh mistook the sex.

Exochus sulcatus Townes was used as a basis for a new species group, the
“Sulcatus Group” (1959. U.S. Natl. Mus. Bul. 216(1):210). Since sulcatus is
a synonym of albiceps, the group should be renamed the “Albiceps Group.”

Specimens recently acquired show that the Albiceps Group is primarily a Neo-
tropic one. We have six undescribed species of the group from South America,
and Exochus tegularis Ashmead (from St. Vincent) is another member of the
group. The eight species known to date are rather similar, with the most obvious
differences in the shape of the areola and in details of the color pattern.

Henry Townes, American Entomological Institute, 5950 Warren Road, Ann
Arbor, Michigan 48105.

260 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

A NOTE ON THE GENERIC TRANSFER OF “CATABENA” ESULA
(DRUCE) AND NEW SYNONYMY
(LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

In 1909, Hampson (Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British
Museum, 8:234, fig. 58) placed Xylina esula Druce (1889, Biol. Cent.-Amer.,
Insecta, Lepidoptera, Heterocera, 1:297, pl. 28, fig. 1) in the genus Catabena
Walker, 1865. The type-species of Catabena is Catabena lineolata Walker, 1865,
by monotypy. The genus was placed by Hampson in the noctuid subfamily
Amphipyrinae. The combination proposed by Hampson has been used by all
subsequent workers treating the species. It is a common species that is known
to occur in the southern United States (California, Arizona, Texas, and Florida)
south through the Antilles, México, and Central America to Paraguay and northern
Argentina in South America. It was intentionally introduced into Hawaii in 1955
for control of the weed, Lantana.

In the course of the study of the genus Catabena, especially the vitrina complex,
and a study of the noctuid species of the Antilles, I discovered that Hampson had
apparently also described this species as new and as a new genus of cuculline
noctuids, Neogalea, in 1906 (Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British
Museum, 6:7 and 8, fig. 2). The type-species is Neogalea braziliensis Hampson,
1906, by original designation and monotypy. Through the assistance of Mr. D.
S. Fletcher of the British Museum (Natural History) I was able to determine
that Hampson had, indeed, redescribed esula. My studies of esula, the other
species of Catabena, and some other related but undescribed species indicate to
me that esula is related to Catabena, but that it is not congeneric. The corona
of the male genitalia is of a very different kind than that of the species of Catabena.
In esula the corona is composed of a dense mass of curved spines arising from
an elevated elliptoid plate that is rounded apically and pointed toward the ventral
margin of the valve. In the species of Catabena the corona is always composed
of a single row of spines that extend from the apex toward the ventral margin of
the valve. The number of spines present and the length of the corona varies
according to the species and there is a tendency toward reduction or even loss
of the corona. In consideration of the difference and the taxonomic history, the
following nomenclatural actions are deemed necessary.

Xylina esula Druce [= Catabena esula (Druce)] is now transferred to Neogalea
Hampson, 1906, and the type-species of that genus, Neogalea braziliensis Hampson
is placed as a junior synonym of esula. NEW SYNONYMY. The species will now
be known by the combination, Neogalea esula (Druce).

E. L. Topp, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, c/o
U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972 261

NOTES ON BEMBIDION ROLANDI FALL
(COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE )

The purpose of this study is to determine the distribution, the habitat, the
biology and the dynamics of Bembidion rolandi Fall in Canada. The habitat, the
biology and the dynamics were unknown to Lindroth (1963, p. 300). In the
locality records, the following abbreviations are used to indicate the collections
in which the specimens were located: AL—André Larochelle Collection, Rigaud;
CC—Claude Chantal Collection, Sainte-Foy; CNC—Canadian National Collection,
Ottawa; JCA—Jean-Charles Aubé Collection, Québec; JPL—Jean-Paul Laplante
Collection, Sainte-Foy; LRF—Laboratoire des Recherches Forestiéres Collection,
Sainte-Foy; MAQ—Musée de I’Agriculture de Québec, Québec; MJL—Firmin
Laliberté Collection, Sainte-Foy; UM—Université de Montréal Collection, Montréal;
YB—Yves Bousquet Collection, Boucherville; !—specimen seen by me.

Distribution—In the east, south at least to District of Columbia, north to
Ontario and Québec (Lindroth, 1963, p. 300).

QUEBEC: Arthabaska Co.: Arthabaska, 19.VI.1932 (1, MJL!). Chambly
Co.: Longueil, 19.1X.1938 (1, MAQ!; 6, UM!), 24.1X.1937 (1, UM!), 8.X.1937
(2, UM!) and 21.X.1936 (1, UM!; Lindroth, 1963, p. 300). Dorchester Co.: Saint-
Léon-de-Standon, 7.V.1965 (1, AL!). Lotbiniére Co.: Saint-Antoine, 20.VII.1955
(1, ALI); Sainte-Croix, 4.VI.1960 (1, AL!), 27.V1L.1943 (1, ALI; 1, JCAl),
14.VIII.1964 (1, CC!) and 22.VIII.1964 (1, CC!). Nicolet Co.: Bécancour,
I5.VaA97 (13; AL!) 10.VEIS61 (1, JCA!; 3, MIJL!), 5.1X.1959° (1 €C!),
7.1X.1968 (1, MJL!) and 16.IX.1967 (1, AL!; 1, CC!; 3, JCA!; 1, LRF!). Portneuf
Co.: Saint-Augustin-de-Québec, 7.VI.1963 (1, MJL!), 10.VI1.1963 (1, JPL!),
9.VII.1955 (7, MJL!), 6.IX.1960 (1, JPL!) and 8.IX.1960 (4, JPL!; 2, LRF!).
Québec Co.: Cap-Rouge, 5.VI.1954 (2, JCA!), 7.VL1961 (1, CC!), 21.V1.1955
(1, JCA!), 22.VI.1960 (1, AL!) and 5.IX.1959 (1, AL!; 1, JCA!). ONTARIO:
Ottawa, exact date unrecorded (1, CNC!; Lindroth, 1963, p. 300), 5.VI.1965 (1,
AL!; 3, YB!) and 10.VIII.1917 (1, MJL!). Trenton, 10.X.1906 (1, CNC!; Lindroth,
1963, p. 300).

Habitat—Among gravel on banks of rivers; the soil is moist, barren, sometimes
mixed with clay or sand. Other associated ground beetles: Bembidion nigrum
Say, B. planum Haldeman, Chlaenius cordicollis Kirby and Schizogenius lineolatus
Say.

Biology—Immature beetles: Sainte-Croix, 15.VIII.1964 (1, CC!); Saint-
Augustin-de-Québec, 9.VII.1955 (1, MJL!).

Dynamics.—Flight observed in captivity: Bécancour, 15.V.1971 (13, AL!).

ANDRE LAROCHELLE, Collége Bourget, Rigaud, Québec.

262 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 2, JUNE, 1972

SUMMARY REPORTS OF SOCIETY OFFICERS FOR 1971
CORRESPONDING SECRETARY
(For the fiscal year 1 November 1970 to 31 October 1971)

Membership one November 97 Oy es eee ee ee 500
MembershipsonsllOctoberhl Oe ses sae 5B ae ee Se 507
Circulation and distribution of Proceedings (September, 1970 issue) 842

The membership is distributed among 46 states, the District of Columbia, 2 terri-
tories, and 16 foreign countries. The Proceedings go to members and subscribers
in 49 states, the District of Columbia, 2 territories, and 42 foreign countries. A
detailed report is on file with the recording secretary. Respectfully submitted,
Davin R. SmirH, Corresponding Secretary.

TREASURER
(For the fiscal year 1 November 1970 to 31 October 1971)

General Special

Fund Publication Fund Total
1 November 1970 __. $1,083.21 $1,578.11 $9,272.70 $ 9,767.60
Receipts) wee ees 8,161.78 252.50 616.67 9,030.95
Expenditures) = = 7,732.86 45.00 0.00 attdeoe
SL October 19715 se — 654.29* 78a:61* 9,889.37** 11,020.69

* These two columns represent one account in the National Bank of Washington,
balance $1,131.32. ** In the Columbia Federal Savings and Loan, $5,000 in a
certificate, the remainder in a pass book account. A detailed report is on file
with the recording secretary. Respectfully submitted, THEoporE J. SPmMAN,
Treasurer,

CUSTODIAN
(For the fiscal year 1 November 1970 to 31 October 1971)

The value of stock sold by the Custodian’s office amounted to $574.80. Of this,
$182.30 was for 18 copies of the Memoirs, $6.00 for 3 copies of Weld’s gall paper,
and 386.50 for miscellaneous numbers and reprints of the Proceedings. A copy
of the complete detailed report is on file with the recording secretary. Respect-
fully submitted, Ropert D. Gorpon, Custodian.

EDITOR
(For the calendar year 1971)

Four numbers of the Proceedings were published in 1971. All of the 460 pages
were devoted to scientific papers, notes, book reviews, minutes of meetings, an
nouncements, and obituaries. Eighty-six scientific papers and notes were published.
The Society and the Proceedings benefitted from two fully paid papers of 16 pages
which did not cause the articles of regular contributors to be delayed. This was
the first complete year for income from page charges but it is apparent that these
charges will not be enough to cover an anticipated increase in printing costs next
year. Respectfully submitted, Pau M. Marsu, Editor.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Information for Contributors

Publication in the Proceedings is reserved for members only. Publication of
papers by non-members may be obtained after acceptance at a cost to the author
of $25.00 per printed page. Regular papers are published in approximately the
order that they are received. Manuscripts should not exceed 30 typewritten pages
including illustrations (approx. 15 printed pages). Excess pages beyond 15 per
article will be charged to the author at the rate of $25.00 per page. Papers of less
oon a printed page may be published as space is available at the end of longer
articles.

Manuscripts for publication, proof and other editorial matters should be
addressed to the Editor (for address, see inside front cover of this issue).

Typing—All manuscripts must be typed on bond paper with double-spacing and
ample margins. Carbon copies or copies on paper larger than 8% x 11 inches
are not acceptable. Do not use all capitals for any purpose. Underscore only
where italics are intended in the body of the text, not in headings. Number all
pages consecutively. References to footnotes in the text should be numbered
consecutively and typed on a separate sheet.

First page—The page preceding the text of the manuscript should include (1)
the complete title, (2) the order and family in parentheses, (3) the author’s
name or names, (4) the institution with city, state and zip code or the author's
home city, state and zip code if not affiliated, (5) in the upper left hand
corner, the complete name and address to which proof is to be sent.

Abstract—All manuscripts, including notes of one page or less, must be accom-
panied by an abstract suitable for publication. The abstract must be typed
on a separate sheet following the title page, should be brief (not more than
3% of the original), and written in whole sentences, not telegraphic phrases.

Names and descriptions of organisms—The first mention of a plant or animal
should include the full scientific name with the author of a zoological name
not abbreviated. Descriptions of taxa should be in telegraphic style.

References—Citations in the text of papers longer than one printed page should
be by author and date and should refer to a list of concluding REFERENCEs listed
alphabetically. See a recent issue of the Proceedings for style of references.
In suorter articles, references to literature should be included in parentheses
in the text.

Illustrations—No extra charge is made for line drawings or halftones. Authors
must plan their illustrations for reduction to the dimensions of the printed page
and the individual figures must be mounted on suitable board. Proportions of
full-page illustrations should closely approximate 454, x 6” (26 x 36 picas); this
usually allows explanatory matter to appear on the same page. On the back of
each illustration should be stated (1) the title of the paper, (2) the author’s
complete name and address, and (3) the number of the illustration such as
“No. 1 (of 3)” etc. Figures should be numbered consecutively. Plates will be
returned only at the author’s request and expense.

Figure legends—Legends should be typewritten double-spaced on separate
pages headed ExpLANATION OF FicurEs and placed following REFERENCES. Do
not attach legends to illustrations.

Proofs and reprints—Proofs and a reprint order will be sent to the authors by the
printer with explicit instructions for their return. All changes in proof (except
printer’s and editorial errors) will be charged to the author.

Page charges—All regular papers of more than one page will be charged at the
rate of $10.00 per printed page. Immediate publication may be obtained at the
rate of $25.00 per printed page. These charges are in addition to those for
reprints. Member authors who are retired or not affiliated with an institution
may request to have page charges waived. Charges made for immediate publica-
tion or to non-members will not be waived.

Acceptance of papers is based only on their scientific merit without regard to
the author’s financial support.

CONTENTS

(Continued from front cover)

SMITH, D. R.—Sawflies of the genus Croesus leach in North America ( Hy-
menoptera: Tenthredinidae )

SMITH, D. R.—The correct host plant for Gilpinia pindrowi Benson (Hy-
menoptera: Diprionidae)

SMITH, R. S—New Combinations for Neotropical Sawflies (Hymenoptera:
Tenthredinidae )

SUMMERS, F., R. WITT and S. REGEV—E valuation of several characters
by which five species of Cheyletus are distinguished (Acarina: Cheyleti-

THOMPSON, P. H.—Tabanidae of Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel,
Maryland. The second year. (Diptera)

THOMPSON, P. H., W. B. SAGLE III and J. R. SAGLE—Summer Tabani-
dae of the Pocomoke river swamps, Worcester County, Maryland ( Diptera)

TODD, E. L.—Distributional records of some Gelastocoridae in the collection
of the American Museum of Natural History (Hemiptera )

TODD, E. L.—A note on the identity and status of Gonodonta miranda
Raymundo (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

TODD, E. L.—A note on the generic transfer of “Catabena” esula ( Druce)
and new synonymy (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

TOWNES, H.—Incorrect usage of the term “new synonymy”

TOWNES, H.—Rediscovery of Exochus albiceps (Hymenoptera: Ichneu-
monidae )

WHITE, R. E.—A new genus and species of Anobiidae from Brazil (Coleop-

WHITE, R. E.—Three species reassignments, one in Chrysomelidae, two in
Anobiidae (Coleoptera )

WILSON, N.—Notes on some Ctenocephalides from Micronesia (Siphonap-
tera: Pulicidae)

BOOK REVIEW
SUMMARY REPORTS OF SOCIETY OFFICERS FOR 1971

193

213

260
229

259

Vol. 74 SEPTEMBER 1972 No. 3

PROCEEDINGS

of the

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
1» WASHINGTON

DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20560

PUBLISHED QUARTERLY

CONTENTS

BARR, W. F.—New synonymy and a change of name in North American
miprestis\oleoptera: Buprestidae ) 2.02.) 343

DAVIDSON, J. A.—A redescription of Hemigymnaspis euginae (Lindinger )
Mifomopteras: Wiaspididae) 2. 2. kk fe a ee 316

EVANS, H. E.—Incorrect usage of the term new synonym —- 337

GAGNE, R. J—New synonymy and homonymy in Cecidomyiidae (Dip-

HUANG, Y.-M.—A redescription of the holotype male of Aedes ( Stegomyia)
tongae Edwards with a note on two topotypic females (Diptera: Cu-
Breen) eects ek a ng ae gt eS As las A te pA 338

JOHNSON, P. T.—Hoplopleura intermedia Kellogg and Ferris and its allies,
with the description of a new species (Anoplura: Hoplopleuridae) — 330

LAROCHELLE, A.—Observations on the mating periods of some ground

Saas ae See

beetesnmootcoptera: WCarabinac tose oe eee ee eee 274
LAROCHELLE, A.—Stridulation and flight in some Omophron (Coleoptera:

AUROTG AE) a 2, gue ea Reelat caia Senne ym sel fit Cake We ne eter Va An, OO IE 320
LAROCHELLE, A.—Wing-dimorphism in Pterostichus patruelis Dejean and

b Pterostichus femoralis Kirby (Coleoptera: Carabidae) 329

(Continued on back cover)

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF WASHINGTON

ORGANIZED Marcy 12, 1884

OFFICERS FOR 1972

Curtis W. Sasrosky, President Pau~t M. Marsu, Editor
Artruur K,. Buropirt, Jr., President-Elect RoBERT D. Gorpnon, Custodian
Dewey M. Caron, Recording Secretary F. EuGENE Woop, Program Chairman

Davip R. SmitrH, Corresponding Secretary H. Ivan RAminwAtTeER, Membership Chairman

THEODORE J. SPILMAN, Treasurer REECE IJ. Samer, Delegate, Wash. Acad. Sci.

All correspondence concerning Society business should be mailed
to the appropriate officer at the following address:

Entomological Society of Washington
c/o Department of Entomology
Smithsonian Institution
Washington, D. C. 20560

Honorary President’
C. F. W. MurEsEBECK

Honorary Members

FREDERICK W. Poos
ERNEst N. Cory
Avery S. Hoyr

MEETINGS.—Regular meetings of the Society are held in Room 43, Natural History Building, Smithsoniaail
Institution, on the first Thursday of each month from October to June, inclusive, at 8 P.M. Minutes of meetings |
are published regularly in the Proceedings. :

MEMBERSHIP.—Members shall be persons who have demonstrated interest in the science of entomology. —
Annual dues for members are $6.00 (U.S. currency).

PROCEEDINGS.—Published quarterly beginning with March by the Society at Washington, D.C. Members in”
good standing are entitled to the Proceedings free of charge. Nonmember subscriptions are $8.00 per year,
both domestic and foreign (U.S. currency), payable in advance. All remittances should be made payable to

The Entomological Society of Washington. }

The Society does not exchange its publications for those of other societies.

STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP

Title of Publication: Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington.
Frequency of Issue: Quarterly’ (March, June, September, December).

Location of Office of Publication, Business Office of Publisher and Owner: The Entomological Society of |
Washington, c/o Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560. i

Editor: Dr. Paul M. Marsh, same address as above.
Managing Editor and Known Bondholders or other Security Holders: none.

This issue was mailed October 26, 1972

Second Class Postage Paid at Lawrence, Kansas, U. S. A. 66044

ALLEN PRESS, INC. CRED LAWRENCE, KANSAS 66044

US B®

PROCEEDINGS OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Vol. 74 SEPTEMBER 1972 No. 3

THE GENUS PARATROPIDIA HULL
(DipTERA: SYRPHIDAE )

F. CuristiAN THompson, 10 Edmunds Roads, Wellesley Hills,
Massachusetts 02181

ABSTRACT—The genus Paratropidia Hull is reviewed and placed in the
Criorhina Group of the tribe Milesini, subfamily Milesinae. Keys to the genera
of the Criorhina Group and species of Paratropidia are presented. Paratropidia
bilineata Walker is redescribed and P. alex n. sp. and P. margarita n. sp. are de-
scribed from New Guinea.

es

The genus Paratropidia was proposed by Hull (1949) for a single
species of Syrphidae from New Zealand. Among the unidentified
syrphid specimens at the Bishop Museum, Honolulu, two new species
of Paratropidia were found from New Guinea. Discovery of these new
species has prompted a review of the whole genus, the result of which
is presented below.

The type species of Paratropidia Hull is Milesia bilineata Walker
(1849). Miller (1921) tentatively placed the species in Tropidia, but
stated that there was “many excellent grounds for the establishment
of a new genus upon this species .. .” (1921:313). Hull placed his
new genus Paratropidia in the Xylotinae, a group equivalent to the
tribe Milesini of the two subfamily system currently used ( Wirth et al.,
1965 and Thompson, 1970). Within the Xylotinae, Hull recognized
six tribes: Xylotini, Temnostomini, Milesini, Criorhinini, Pocotini, and
Tropidini. Paratropidia was placed in the Xylotini by Hull and he sug-
gested that it was “perhaps” related to Brachypalpus. I (1970) have
followed Hull’s basic arrangement of genera within the Milesini (his
Xylotinae), but I have included his Pocotini within the Xylota group
and I have broken down his Criorhinini into two groups, the Criorhina
group and the Blera group.

The position of Paratropidia in the phylogeny and classification of
the Milesini is problematic. The following characteristics of Para-
tropidia are considered to exclude it from the various groups of the
Milesini: 1) metasterna developed (Temnostoma and Blera groups)
and pilose (Blera group); 2) face straight or with a trace of tubercle

264 PROC. ENT. SOC, WASH., VOL, 74, NO, 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

in Paratropidia alex (Xylota group), without carinae (Tropidia
group); 3) hind femora swollen and tuberculate (Temnostoma and
Blera groups), without plates or carinae (Tropidia group) or spurs
(Milesia group); 4) anterior crossvein at apical third of discal cell
(Temnostoma and Blera groups); 5) frontal prominence low (Blera
group); 6) anal cell with short petiole, not long or bent (Milesia
group); and 7) distinctive male genitalia (all groups). Thus Para-
tropidia clearly does not belong to any group of the Milesini as they
are presently characterized, but rather than setting it off as a new
group I prefer to tentatively place Paratropidia within the Criorhina
group. This placement of Paratropidia, besides being based on exclu-
sion from the other groups, is also based on two characters: 1)
metasterna pilose; and 2) face straight or tuberculate (P. alex n. sp.).
Paratropidia differs from the other members of the Criorhina group
(except Aneriophora) in that it lacks a segmented aedeagus.

The presence of a distinct but reduced tubercle on the face of P.
alex strongly indicates that Paratropidia was derived from a group with
tuberculate faces. The tubercle in P. alex is considered a primitive
trait rather than a secondary development, because: 1) tuberculate
faces are found in related groups as well as in less derived ones, and
2) tuberculate faces seem to be an intermediate condition in the facial
morphocline as discussed by Hull (1945 and 1949) and Thompson
(1970).

This qualification of being derived from a group with tuberculate
faces would probably eliminate the Xylota, Tropidia and Milesia
groups as the source of Paratropidia’s ancestral group. These three
groups predominantly have concave or carinate, not tuberculate faces.
Paratropidia, with its pilose metasterna, couldn't have been derived
from a member of the Blera group, which all have bare metasterna, a
derived character. Thus, the ancestral group of Paratropidia is re-
stricted to either the Temnostoma or Criorhina group, with the Criorhina
group the more plausible choice as indicated above. The following
key will distinguish Paratropidia from the other criorhine genera.

Kry TO THE GENERA OF THE Criorhina Group OF MILESINI

1. Subcostal cell with numerous crossveins (fig. 7) _ Lycastris Walker (Oriental )

Subcostal cell without crossveins (figs. 8-11) 2
2: Metasterna ipilose:ts-2 2, faba eee es oe Fes RS ee a eee 3
Métastemawbarere2 322s 2 ee ee Bs Caliprobola Rondani (Palearctic )

3. Posterior and apical crossveins disjunctive, not continuous; with an external
spur at base ofgapical! crossvein) (figs; 10—11));— = 4
Posterior and apical crossveins continuous; without an external spur at base
Of “apicalcrossvein’ (Pigs; O—0)) 2 eee 5

4, Apical cell petiolate, with petiole longer than humeral crossvein (fig. 11)
a ae _. Aneriophora Stuardo and Cortes (Chile)

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO, 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972 265

Apical cell not petiolate, closed at wing margin (fig. 10)
RE ee 1 ee eT es Flukea Etcheverry (Chile)

Sauscutellumwith a distinct emarginate rim) 2 6
Scutellum without an emarginate rim, evenly rounded — a
Gabartette ware yet Feel et Paratropidia Hull (Australian )
Danette apulose pe ee ew A vee eee Deineches Walker ( Australian )

7. Arista inserted at tip of a conically produced third antennal segment (fig. 3)
ee oe EE ES ee ee Pe Eyer er Merapioidus Bigot (Nearctic)
Arista not inserted at tip of conically produced third antennal segment _. 8
8. Face tuberculate, oral margin not produced forward (figs. 5-6) —-. 9
Face straight with oral margin produced forward (fig. 2) —— Paratropidia Hull

9. Short, sparsely pilose flies, wasplike, with distinct yellow pollinose marking

on thorax and abdomen (fig. 5) — Sphecomyia Latreille (Holarctic )
Long, densely pilose flies, bumblebeelike, without yellow pollinose markings
ETOCS)! te WEE ee Criorhina Meigen’ (Holarctic, Oriental )

Paratropidia Hull

Paratropidia Hull, 1949, Trans. Zool. Soc. London 26(4):363. Type-species,
Milesia bilineata Walker, 1849 (as Tropidia bilineata White) (original
designation ).

Head.—About ¥% higher than long; face bare except narrowly pilose on sides,
extensively pollinose except with shiny medial stripe in female of bilineata, straight
or slightly slanted forward above, with epistoma strongly produced below, with
slight trace of tubercle in alex; oral opening 3 to 4 times as long as broad; cheeks
linear, more than twice as long as broad; facial grooves distinct, elongate, ex-
tending along lower third eyes; facial stripes distinct, narrow, pollinose and pilose;
frontal prominence low, slightly above middle of head; front of male short, about
3 times as long as eye contiguity, as long as or longer than vertical triangle; verti-
cal triangle of male long, about as long as face, about twice as long as broad at
occiput; front of female narrow, from 2 (bilineata) to 5 (alex) times as long as
broad at vertex, slightly shorter than face, with convergent sides above, from 2
(bilineata) to 4 (alex) times as broad at antennae as at vertex; ocellar triangle
distinctly before posterior margin of eyes. Eyes bare, holoptic in males. Antennae
short, slightly shorter than face except longer in alex; third segment quadrate with
apical end slightly rounded except with elongate point in alex; arista bare, long,
more than twice as long as antennae.

Thorax.—Slightly longer than broad, with short sparse pile and a pair of sub-
medial longitudinal light pollinose stripes; mesokatepisterna with broadly sepa-
rated dorsal and ventral pile patches; meso-anepisterna with anterior portion
bare and posterior portion pilose; meso-anepimera with anterior portion pilose
and posterior portion bare; meropleura bare; metathoracic pleura bare; metasterna
pilose, greatly developed, with indistinct membraneous line dividing base from
developed ventral portion in bilineata and margarita but absent in alex; postmeta-

1 Criorhina of authors is apparently a polyphyletic and paraphyletic group and
needs to be studied in detail. Shiraki’s Narumyia belongs within the limits of
Criorhina of authors and may represent a valid group. Some of the Nearctic
species I have studied, such as tricolor Coquillett, appear to fit the description of
Narumyia.

266 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

coxal bridge absent; metathoracic spiracle small, smaller than third antennal seg-
ment; plumulae short; scutellum with ventral pile fringe and distinct apically
emarginate rim except indistinct to absent in bilineata, especially females. Legs:
hind femora strongly swollen with a small low ventral tubercle near apex. Wings:
marginal cell open, without petiole; apical cell closed distinctly before reaching
costa, with petiole ranging from very short (bilineata) to long (alex and
margarita); anterior crossvein at outer third of discal cell, strongly oblique; apical
and posterior crossveins continuous, without external spurs at their bases; anal
vein straight, without right angle bend before reaching wing margin (as in
Milesia).
Abdomen.—Elongate with slightly convergent sides.

DISCUSSION: Paratropidia Hull with its pollinose longitudinal
mesonotal stripes and facial shape, is not easily confused with any
other milesine genus. Senogaster Macquart is the only other genus of
the Milesini with longitudinal mesonotal stripes, but Senogaster can be
easily separated from Paratropidia by its bifid spur on the hind femora,
etc. Paratropidia is also one of the few genera of the Milesina with
snoutlike faces. The only other genera of the Milesinae with snoutlike
faces are Lycastris Walker, Lycastrirhynchus Bigot, Rhingia Macquart,
and Rhinotropidia Stackelberg. Paratropidia can be separated from
Lycastris by its lack of costal crossveins, from Lycastrirhynchus by its
open marginal cell and straight R4 + 5 vein, from Rhingia by its api-
cal anterior crossvein and short costa, which ends before the apex of
the wing and from Rhinotropidia by its pollinose mesonotal strips.

Paratropidia is easily delimited by its male genitalia: 1) elongate,
tubular aedeagus; 2) sclerotized elongate, tubular ejaculatory duct,
which is almost completely enclosed within the aedeagus; and 3) sim-
ple hook-shaped styles. The elongate tubular construction of the
aedeagus appears to be an unique development within the Milesini?.

Kry TO THE SPECIES OF Paratropidia HuLL

1. Scutellum black; petiole of apical cell very short, much shorter than
humeral crossvein; legs brownish black _ bilineata Walker (New Zealand )

Scutellum orange; petiole of apical cell long, much longer than humeral
crossvein; legs orange and _ black

to

Tarsi orange; abdomen black, without orange markings; hind femora with
apical third orange and basal %3 black —___ alex, n. sp. (New Guinea)
Tarsi black on apical four segments of anterior legs and all segments of hind

2 Since writing this revision I have examined the male genitalia of Orthoprosopa
grisea (Walker), a genus of the tribe Eristalini, subtribe Helophilina. The male
genitalia of this species is almost identical to that of Paratropidia and indicates
that Orthoprosopa should be placed in the tribe Milesini with Paratropidia de-
spite its looped third vein, a typical eristaline characteristic. Orthoprosopa will
run out to Paratropidia in the key given above and it can be separated from
Paratropidia by its looped third vein and lack of pollinose mesonotal vittae.

Figs. 1-6, lateral view of heads; 7-10, wings: 1, Paratropidia alex, n. sp., male
(PT); 2, P. billineata (Walker), male; 3, Merapioidus villosus Bigot, male; 4,
P. margarita, n. sp., female (PT); 5, Sphecomyia vittata (Wiedemann), male; 6,
Criorhina ascilia (Fallén), male; 7, Lycastris cornutus Enderlein, (after Hull
1949); 8, Criorhina caudata Curran; 9, P. bilineata (after Miller 1921); 10, Flukea
vockerothi Etcheverry, (after Etcheverry 1966); 11, Aneriophora aureorufa
(Philippi).

268 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

legs; abdomen with pairs of orange spots on second through fourth seg-
ments; hind femora with black dorso-apical band and basal third orange.
Ry nS tS rh fa 2 Pane Es margarita, n. sp. (New Guinea)

Paratropidia bilineata (Walker)
(Figs. 2, 3, 12, 14 & 16)

Milesia bilineata Walker, 1849:566. Type-locality, “Port Nicholson, New Zealand”;
type location, British Museum (Natural History), London.

Milesia bilineata Walker: Kertesz, 1910. (2 references).

Tropidia bilineata White: Miller, 1921:314, (description, figures) (heads, ¢ 9;
mesonotum; tarsi; hind leg; male genitalia; abdomen, female).

Tropidia bilineata Walker: Hull, 1936:201, (catalog citation); Miller 1950:98,
(catalog citation).

MALE. Head.—Face reddish brown, light golden pollinose except for shiny
broad stripe between face and cheeks; cheeks reddish brown, light golden pol-
linose, yellow pilose; frontal lunule dark reddish brown; frontal triangle reddish
brown, light golden pollinose, yellow pilose; vertical triangle dark brown, dark
brownish pollinose except light golden pollinose in front of ocellar triangle, black
pilose except yellow pilose in front of ocellar triangle; occiput black, light golden
pollinose, with long yellow pile below becoming shorter above, with a few black
cilia above. Antennae black, black pilose; third segment quadrate, slightly shorter
than first two segments; arista black, about 1.5 times as long as antenna.

Thorax.—Golden pilose except with black pile intermixed on posterior half
of mesonotum; pleura light golden pollinose; mesonotum with sides light golden
pollinose, with two broad submedial and one narrow medial longitudinal silvery
brown pollinose stripes, with rest of mesonotum black pollinose; scutellum black,
lightly brown pollinose, golden pilose; metasterna orange, golden pilose, covered
on ventral surface with many short, recurved, thick spinelike hairs; squamae and
plumulae whitish yellow; halters light orange. Legs: light brownish black except
darker brown on anterior apical third of femora and all of tibiae, black on tarsi;
pile golden except black pilose as follows: a few black hairs intermixed on coxae;
intermixed on trochanters; dorso-apical half of front femora; antero-apical half
and all of ventral edge of middle femora; apical half of hind femora; ventrobasal
half of front and middle tibiae; all of hind tibiae except medially; and tarsi.
Wings: light brownish, completely microtrichose.

Abdomen.—Black except first sternum light brownish orange, shiny except
silvery-gray pollinose as follows: base of first tergum; in form of lateral and sub-
medial triangular spots on 2nd, 3rd and 4th terga; and lightly on venter. Spots
as figured. Pile appressed black except golden as follows: ventrally and laterally
on all segment except genitalia; basal *4 of second tergum; and basal submedial
half of third tergum. Hairs on apical margin of fourth tergum strongly developed
and. bristlelike.

FEMALE. Head.—Similar to male except as follows: face more extensively
shiny, with a median shiny stripe and broader shiny lateral stripes; front with
two large shiny spots above and lateral to antennal bases, dark brown pollinose
with a few black hairs above antennal bases, light golden pollinose medially
with golden pile, shiny on upper half with black pile, with sides convergent above,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972 269

% as wide at vertex as at antennal bases, 1% as wide as head width at anterior
ocellus, with a faint medial impressed groove on upper 7%.
Thorax.—Similar to male except black pile on posterior half of mesonotum and
on legs is more extensive and black spinelike hairs of metasterna are fewer.
Abdomen.—Similar to male except broader and with pollinose spots frequently
reduced in size.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: NEW ZEALAND: Titirangi, Auckland,
4-X-1927, E. S. Gourlay, 2 é (FCT); Ohakune, Wellington, 20-IT-
1919, 1 6 (USNM); Days Bay, Wellington, 24-III-1922, 1 @ (FCT);
Blackball, Nelson J-I-1918, 1 2 (USNM); Tisbury, Otago, 5-XII-
IGIGAT 29 (ECE),

DISCUSSION: Besides the differences mentioned in the key,
bilineata can be easily separated from both alex and margarita by: 1)
the presence of short black spinelike pile on the metasterna; 2) less
produced epistoma; 3) straight face; 4) much broader front in the
female: 4) abdominal pattern; 5) pile color of legs; and 6) pale yel-
lowish-white squamae (not bright orange). P. bilineata is further
distinguished from margarita by the presence of black pile on the
mesonotum and front, and from alex by its: 1) completely microtrichose
wings; 2) black antennae; and 3) quadrate third antennal segment.
The broader front in the female, less produced face, short petiole on
the apical cell and the weakly emarginate (in some female non-emargi-
nate) scutellum of bilineata are considered to be primitive traits. On
the basis of these characters, I suggest that bilineata was derived
before either alex or margarita. P. alex and margarita have in common:
1) a narrower front in the female, 2) a more produced face, 3) a
much longer petiole on apical cell, and 4) a strongly emarginate
scutellum. This demonstrates both their later origin and common
ancestry.

Walker credits bilineata to White and cites Voy. “Erebus” and
“Terror as the source. Some authors, such as Miller (1921), have
followed Walker in attributing bilineata to White but since, as Miller
points out, there is no record of the species in White’s contribution
to the Voyage, the species must be considered as Walker's.

Paratropidia alex, n. sp.

(Figs. 1, 13)

MALE. Head.—Face reddish orange except dark reddish-brown snout, golden

pollinose with pollinosity darker on snout, with a shiny stripe between face and

cheeks; cheeks reddish brown, golden pollinose, yellow pilose; frontal lunule
reddish orange; frontal triangle reddish orange, golden pollinose, yellow pilose;
vertical triangle black, brownish-yellow pollinose in front of ocellar triangle, yel-
low pilose; occiput black, golden pollinose, long yellow pilose below becoming
shorter above. Antennae orange except black dorsal third and apex of third seg-

270 PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

l3e

16

Figs. 12-13, male genitalia; a, lateral view of tergite 9 and associated struc-
tures; b, dorsal view of apex of sternite 9; c, lateral view of sternite 9; d, lateral
view of aedeagus and apodeme; e, lateral view of ejaculatory apodeme; 14-15,
dorsal view of abdomen; 16, lateral view of hind femora: 12, Paratropidia bilineata
(Walker); 13, P. alex, n. sp., (PT); 14, P. bilineata, male; 15, P. margarita, n. sp.,
(PT); 16, P. bilineata.

~l
—

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972 2

ment, black pilose above and orange pilose below; third segment slightly longer
than basal two segments, elongate ventrally; arista black, twice as long as antenna.

Thorax.—With upper part of sternopleura laterally produced to form a blunt
cone, golden-yellow pilose except black pilose across mesonotum between wings;
pleura golden pollinose; mesonotum with sides broadly dark golden-brown pol-
linose, with two submedial longitudinal dark golden-brown pollinose stripes that
are connected to lateral stripes across transverse sutures, with rest of mesonotum
black pollinose; scutellum orange, translucent, shiny, orange pilose; squamae white
with brownish-orange fringe; plumulae dark brown; halters orange. Legs: ante-
rior four legs completely orange, sparsely golden pollinose, orange pilose; hind
coxae brown, golden pollinose, orange pilose; hind trochanters brownish orange,
orange pilose except for short black pile in small apical patch; hind femora with
basal % dark reddish brown, with apical third orange, orange pilose except black
pilose ventrally; hind tibiae and tarsi orange, orange pilose except with a few
black hairs on apical tarsal segments. Wings: slightly smoky, dark in area of
stigma, with stigma brown, microtrichose except bare medially and basally (1st
and 2nd basal cells, basal third of discal cell, anterior half of anal cell, posterior
half of costal cell, area around anal vein, basal half of alula—all bare).

Abdomen.—Terga shiny black except orange pollinose on first tergum and two
median spots of grayish pollinosity on basal margin of second tergum, with pol-
linose areas orange pilose except black pilose on apical half of first tergum, with
shiny areas long orange pilose laterally and appressed black pilose medially; venter
shiny black except orange pollinose on first sternum, orange pilose on first and
second sterna, black pilose on fourth sternum and genitalia, orange and_ black
pilose on third sternum.

FEMALE. Head.—Similar to male except: snout more extensively dark; with
a large bare spot above antennal bases; frons with sides convergent above, %4 as
wide at vertex as at antennal bases, 49 as wide as head width at anterior ocellus,
and with a faint medial impressed groove on upper *%.

Thorax.—Similar to male except black pile on mesonotum greatly reduced and
medial stripes grayish pollinose, not golden-brown pollinose as in holotype male
(paratype male also with grayish pollinose stripe).

Abdomen.—As in male.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: Holotype—male: Wau, Morobe Distr.,
NEW GUINEA; 20 December 1961, 1400m; J. and J. H. Sedlacek, col-
lectors. Allotype—female: same data as holotype. Paratype—male:
Wau, NEW GUINEA; 7 August 1965, 1250m; J. and M. Sedlacek,
Malaise Trap. Holotype and allotype in Bishop Museum, Honolulu
and paratype in author's collection.

DISCUSSION: Paratropidia alex is easily separated from the other
two species of Paratropidia by its produced sternopleuron. Besides the
differences mentioned in the key, alex can be contrasted with margarita
as follows: 1) face straight above, with a distinct trace of a tubercle,
not concave above; 2) epistoma not as strongly produced; 3) front
of female very narrow and shiny, not broad and pollinose above anten-
nae; 4) third antennal segment slightly pointed, longer than broad,
not round and as long as broad; 5) pleuron uniformly dark, not with

bo
~l
bo

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

the pectus black and strongly contrasting with rest of pleuron; 6)
mesonotum with black pile across the middle, not uniformly yellow
pilose; 7) coxae and trochanters with orange, not black, pile; 8) front
and middle coxae and trochanters orange, not black; 9) metasterna
with orange, not black, pile; 10) wings with medial areas bare, with-
out microtrichia, not uniformly microtrichose; and 11) abdominal mar-
gins continuous orange pilose, not alternating black and orange pilose.

This species is affectionately dedicated to Dr. Charles Paul Alex-
ander. Dr. Alexander has lived one of the longest and most distin-
guished lives in the history of Systematic Biology. During the last 60
years Dr. Alexander has written over 900 papers on the taxonomy of
Diptera, particularly the Tipulidae. He has described approximately
one per cent of the total diversity of life on earth and is the first man
to have named more than 10,000 species in a single family of orga-
nisms. It is hoped that Dr. Alexander may have more productive and
successful years.

Paratropidia margarita, n. sp.

FEMALE. Head.—Mainly brownish orange except brown snout; face light
brown-yellow pollinose except more brownish on snout; cheeks golden pollinose
yellow pilose; frons light brownish-yellow pollinose except large brownish pollinose
spot above antennal bases, light brownish-yellow pilose, with a faint medial ridge
on upper 74, with sides convergent above, about twice as wide at antennal bases
than at anterior ocellus, one eighth the width of head at anterior ocellus; frontal
lunule dark reddish brown, vertex and ocellar triangle brown pollinose, black
pilose, with both brown pollinosity and black pilosity extending laterally down
on to frons; occiput completely golden pollinose, yellow pilose below becoming
browner above. Antennae dark reddish brown except dark brown on dorsal third
of third segment; third segment approximately quadrate, 1.3 times longer on ven-
tral edge than on dorsal, twice as long as first two segments; arista brownish
black, twice as long as antennae.

Thorax.—Orange brown except black pectus and diagonal stripe on mesopleura;
pleura light pollinose and yellow pilose except with a few black hairs intermixed
on metasterna; mesonotum dark brown pollinose except for four light yellow longi-
tudinal stripes, with two stripes lateral and other two submedial, yellow pilose;
scutellum orange, shiny, orange pilose; Squamae, plumulae and _ halters orange.
Legs: coxae black, silvery pollinose, black pilose except with a few white hairs
intermixed on outer portions; trochanters black, shiny, black pilose except with
a few white hairs intermixed; anterior four femora orange except black antero-
basal third, golden pilose except black pilose on black areas and posterior dorso-
apical edge (more extensive on front femora than middle femora); hind femora
orange except black dorsobasal spot and large dorso-apical spot which extends
dorsally from basal third (connected to basal black spot) to apical tip and later-
ally to ventral margin on apical half, golden pilose on orange areas and black
pilose on black areas; tibiae orange, orange pilose; tarsi black except orange on
first segment of anterior four tarsi, dark pilose on dark areas and orange pilose on
orange areas. Wings: brownish, with stigma brown, uniformly microtrichose.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972 273

Abdomen.—First tergum black except orange base and lateral margins, ap-
pressed black pilose medially and longe yellowish-orange pilose laterally; second
through fourth terga black except two large orange lateral quadrate spots, with
spots extending from base to apical fourth on second tergum, to apical third on
third tergum, and to apical half on fourth tergum, appressed black pilose except
for orange triangular pile patches extending from base of tergum medially to
end of orange spots laterally; fourth tergum with a small lateral white pollinose
spot; fifth tergum dark orange, black pilose; first sternum dark, silvery pollinose,
white pilose; second through fourth sterna orange, white pilose except black on
apical half of fourth sternum; fifth stemum black, black pilose; cerci bright orange.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: Holotype, female. Daulo Pass, Asaro-
Chimbu Dic, NEW GUINEA (NE); 11 June 1955, 2400m; J. L.
Gressitt, collector. Paratype, female. Daulo Pass, NEW GUINEA
(NE); 2 May 1959, 2500m; C. D. Michener, collector. Holotype in
Bishop Museum, Honolulu and paratype in author's collection.

DISCUSSION: This species is named after Dr. Alexander's devoted
wife, Mabel Margarita, who has not only made me feel free at home
with them but a part of it. For a discussion of the differences between
margarita and the other species, see the discussions under those species.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I would like to thank Dr. J. L. Gressitt of the Bishop Museum, Honolulu for
the loan of the material described in this study; Dr. G. Kuschel of New Zealand
Department of Scientific and Industrial Research for the gift of the Paratropidia
bilineata material used; and Dr. Lloyd V. Knutson of the Systematic Entomology
Laboratory, USDA, for his critical reading of this manuscript.

REFERENCES

ETCHEVERRY, M. 1966. Flukea vockerothi nuevo genero y nueva especie
de Syrphidae Chileno (Diptera). Pub. Centr. Est. Ent., Fac. Fil. Ed. Univ.
Chile, #8, 22 pp.

HULL, F. M. 1936. A check list of the described Syrphidae from Australia and
the regional islands. Jour. F. M. S. Mus. 18(1):190-212.

1945. A revisional study of the fossil Syrphidae. Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool. 95(3):249-355.

1949. The morphology and inter-relationship of the genera of
syrphid flies, recent and fossil. Trans. Zool. Soc. London 26(4):257—408.

KERTESZ, C. 1910. Catalogus dipterorum hucusque descriptorum. Volume 7.
Budapest. 470 pp.

MILLER, D. 1921. Material for a monograph on the Diptera fauna of New
Zealand; part II, family Syrphidae. Trans. N. Z. Inst. 53:289-333.

1950. Catalogue of the Diptera of the New Zealand Sub-region.
Dept. Sci. Industrial Res., Bull. 100. 194 pp. (Ent. Res. Sta. Publ. 5).

THOMPSON, F. C. 1970. A Contribution to a generic revision of the Neo-
tropical Milesinae (Diptera: Syrphidae). Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Massachusetts,
vii + 304 pp. Univ. Microfilms. Ann Arbor, Mich. (Dissertation Abstr. 30:
5544B).

274 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

WALKER, F. 1849. List of the Specimens of Dipterous Insects in the Collec-
tion of the British Museum. Part III:566-567.

WIRTH, W. W., Y. S. SEDMAN, and H. V. WEEMS, JR. 1965. Family
Syrphidae. In Stone, et al., 1965. A catalog of the Diptera of America north
of Mexico. U.S. Dept. Agric. Handb. #276. 1696 pp.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE MATING PERIODS OF SOME
GROUND BEETLES

(COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE )

The majority of North American Carabidae apparently mate in spring. During
June and July, 1971, I observed, in the field and in captivity, mating pairs of
sixteen species of ground beetles, in Saguenay County, and in Schefferville, New
Quebec, Quebec. The following is a list of the mating pairs, with their dates and
numbers.

Agonum decentis Say: Tadoussac, June 14, in captivity, a pair.

A. muelleri Herbst: Port-Menier, July 13, in captivity, a pair.

A. propinquum G. and H.: Natashquan, June 28, in captivity, a pair.

Amara torrida Panzer: Blanc-Sablon, July 4, in the field, two pairs; Brador,
July 7, in the field, three pairs; Havre-Saint-Pierre, June 24, in the field, a pair;
Magpie, June 23, in the field, a pair; Mingan, June 21, in the field, a pair; Port-
Menier, July 13, in captivity, a pair.

Bembidion carinula Chaud.; Riviére-Saint-Jean, June 22, in the field, a pair.

B. petrosum Gebler: Riviére-Saint-Jean, June 22, in the field, three pairs.

B. sejunctum Casey: Magpie, June 23, in the field, a pair.

Blethisa multipunctata L.: Natashquan, June 28, in captivity, a pair.

Carabus chamissonis Fischer: Blanc-Sablon, July 4, in captivity, a pair, and
July 8, in captivity, two pairs; Brador, July 6, in captivity, a pair.

Harpalus affinis Schrank: Baie-Trinité, June 17, in captivity, a pair; Havre-
Saint-Pierre, June 20, in the field, two pairs, and June 24, in the field, two pairs;
Port-Menier, July 13, in captivity, a pair; Riviére a [Huile, July 14, in captivity,
four pairs.

H. rufipes De Geer: Riviére a !Huile, July 14, in captivity, a pair.

Nebria gyllenhali Schén.: Blanc-Sablon, July 4, in the field, a pair; Scheffer-
ville, July 23, in captivity, a pair.

Pterostichus coracinus Newman: Port-Menier, July 12, in captivity, two pairs.

P. melanarius Iliger: Baie-Sainte-Claire, July 18, in captivity, a pair.

P. punctatissimus Randall: Middle Bay, July 5, in captivity, a pair.

Sphaeroderus nitidicollis Chev.: Riviere Jupiter, July 17 and 18, in captivity,
four pairs.

This study was supported by a grant from the Ministére des Terres et Foréets du
Québec.

ANpRE LAROCHELLE, Collége Bourget, C.P. 1000, Rigaud, Québec.

~l
ON

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972 2

MYCTEROTHRIPS TRYBOM, A REVIEW OF THE
NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES

(THYSANOPTERA: THRIPIDAE )

KELLIE O'NEILL, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705

ABSTRACT—The genus Mycterothrips Trybom is distinguished from Taenio-
thrips Amyot and Serville, which is retained as a valid genus distinct from Thrips
L. A key to species of Mycterothrips in North America and notes on their char-
acteristics, distribution, and synonymies are given. Sericothrips floridanus (Wat-
son) n. comb. is transferred from Mycterothrips and it preoccupies S. campestris
Hood (n. syn.).

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the relationship between
Mycterothrips Trybom (1910:158) and Taeniothrips Amyot and Ser-
ville (1843:644) and to distinguish the North American species of
Mycterothrips.

I am indebted for their help and kindness to the Entomology staff
of the California Academy of Sciences, especially E. S. Ross, formerly
Curator of Insects; C. Don MacNeill, formerly curator of the Moulton
Collection; and P. H. Arnaud, Jr., present Chairman of Entomology.
I am grateful to L. A. Mound and B. R. Pitkin, British Museum ( Nat-
ural History ), London; R. zur Strassen, Senckenberg Museum, Frank-
furt, Germany; E. Titschack, Hamburg, Germany; L. J. Stannard,
Illinois Natural History Survey, Urbana; E. W. King, Clemson Univer-
sity, Clemson, South Carolina; W. R. Richards, Systematic Entomol-
ogy, Canada Department of Agriculture, Ottawa; and B. S. Heming,
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, for making specimens and
references available to me.

Most species of the genus Mycterothrips were assigned to Taenio-
thrips until Priesner (1957:161) recognized them as distinct and re-
stored the name Physothrips Karny (1912:336) for them. Priesner
maintained Rhopalandrothrips Priesner (1922:68) for those species
whose males have bizarre antennae (fig. 1). The status of the name
Physothrips was equivocal (Stannard, 1968:330) because it was based
on a misidentified species. Mound and I (1969:51) appealed to the
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to designate
Thrips salicis Reuter (1879:220) as the type-species of Physothrips so
as to make it available in Priesner’s sense. However, Bhatti (1969:378 )
placed both Physothrips and Rhopalandrothrips in the synonymy of
Mycterothrips. Mycterothrips was not previously known to me, for its
African type-species, laticauda Trybom (1910:158), is represented only
by 2 specimens in the Institut fiir Spezielle Zoologie und Zoologischen
Museum der Humboldt-Universitat, Berlin (zur Strassen, 1966:44).

276 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

My knowledge of Mycterothrips is based on acaciae Priesner (1932:5),
which Mound (personal communication ) and zur Strassen (1966:444 )
compared and found congeneric with the type-specimens of laticauda.
Having studied acaciae females that Mound made available to me
and Priesner’s (1960:300) description of the male, I concur that
Mycterothrips is the correct name for this group of species. I also
agree with Bhatti (1969:378) that Rhopalandrothrips is a synonym ot
Mycterothrips, because females of species with bizarre male antennae
can scarcely be distinguished specifically from females of species with
normal male antennae.

I cannot agree with Bhatti’s (1969:380) action in synonymizing the
genus Taeniothrips with Thrips L. The type-species of Taeniothrips,
picipes (Zetterstedt), and several other species including major Bag-
nall, are amply distinct, for they lack the lateral ctenidia that are
present in all species of Thrips. There are also many species assigned
to Taeniothrips that lack a better assignment and until their status is
clarified I prefer to continue them in Taeniothrips.

The two North American species that were the first assigned to
Mycterothrips do not belong there. Sericothrips floridanus (Watson,
1918:68), new combination, was described as a species of Frankliniella
and transferred by Watson (1923:45) to Mycterothrips. I compared
the syntype of floridanus in the Canadian National Collection with
the holotype of Sericothrips campestris Hood (1939:556) in our Na-
tional Collection and found that campestris is a synonym of floridanus
(new synonymy). Taeniothrips longirostrum (Jones, 1912:12), as
Bailey (1957:200) stated, is near Taeniothrips ehrhornii (Moulton).
Jones described it in Euthrips and Karny (1921:216) assigned it to
Mycterothrips.

Myeterothrips Trybom

Mycterothrips Trybom, 1910, Denksch. med.-naturw. Ges. Jena 16:158; zur
Strassen, 1966, Senck. biol. 47(6):444; Bhatti, 1969, Oriental Insects 3(4):378.
Type-species by original designation and monotypy M. laticauda Trybom,
1910:158.

Physothrips Karny, 1912, Zool. Annal. 4(4):336; Priesner, 1957, Zool. Anz. 159
(7/8):161; Mound and O’Neill, 1969, Bul. Zool. Nomencl. 26(1):51-53. Type-
species (as currently understood) Thrips salicis O. M. Reuter, 1879:220.

Rhopalandrothrips Priesner, 1922, Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-naturw. Klasse,
Sitzber. (1) 131(4/5):68; Priesner, 1957, Zool. Anz. 159(7/8):161. Type-
species by subsequent designation by Priesner, 1925, Konowia 4(3/4):148,
Thrips consociata Targioni-Tozzetti, 1886:425 (= Physopus ulmifoliorum ob-
scura Uzel, 1895:123).

Species of Mycterothrips resemble those of Taeniothrips in having 2 major
setae on each posterior angle of the pronotum and none at the anterior angles;
in having the forewing with the fore vein setae widely interrupted and the hind
vein setae in a complete row; and in having the antennae typically thripine with

Fics. 1-7. Mycterothrips spp.: 1, albus (Moulton), ¢ antenna; 2, albus, 9
antenna; 3, aureus (Moulton), holotype 2 antenna; 4, aureus, holotype 2 head,
s = setae sometimes enlarged in Mycterothrips spp.; 5, betulae (Crawford), @
paratype antenna; 6, betulae, 2 paratype head; 7, consociatus (Targioni-Tozzetti),
@ antenna V—VIII. Line = 0.1 mm; microtrichia and sculpture omitted from figs.

of antennae; setae omitted from fig. 1-2.

278 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

forked sense cones on segments III and IV and a 2-jointed style. Though the
antenna of the male is bizarre (fig. 1) in certain Mycterothrips species, it agrees
with typical thripines in the number of segments and number and disposition of
sense cones and differs chiefly in the lengths of segments.

Mycterothrips species can be recognized by: Head as in figs. 4 & 6; ocellar
seta pair i present; pair iii major, within ocellar triangle; postocular setae disposed
as shown, pairs i or iii or both sometimes well developed but not as long as ocellar
pair iii. Antenna of female as in figs. 3, 5, and 7; microtrichia and minor setae
conspicuous; segment VI abruptly narrowed at base (fig. 5), tapered (fig. 3), or
intermediate. Antenna of male similar to that of female or bizarre as in fig. 1;
only one form known to occur in the male of a single species; bizarre form with
V short, VI elongate and densely clothed with microtrichia and fine setae, and
VII-VIII reduced and rarely coalesced. Pronotum with only 2 pairs of postero-
marginal setae between inner pair of major setae; certain setae (fig. 4, s) some-
times well developed, but not as large as major setae at posterior angles. Meta-
notum without discal pores; meso- and usually metaspinula present; forewing
with only 2 distal setae on fore vein. Abdominal terga without lateral ctenidia;
II-VII transversely striate except for about mesal third, striae weakly craspedote
or bordered with cusps or sometimes dense microtrichia; posterior margins with
short microtrichia except in mesal third; tergum VIII with complete, long, poste-
rior marginal comb of fine, regular microtrichia. Abdominal sterna not craspedote;
with none to many accessory setae, sometimes in one sex only. Male without
sternal glandular areas.

Key To FEMALES oF NeEarctTic SpEcIES OF Mycterothrips TRYBOM

1. Body entirely dark brown; abdominal tergum II usually with 4 setae at
each lateral margin; tergum IX with 2 pairs of pores. Illinois north-

eastward. on) birch..and swallow ==) == ees betulae (Crawford )
Body pale or maculate; abdominal tergum II with 3 setae at each lateral
marein; tergum DX with, | ior2)pairs Of pores = ee 9)

2. Body brownish yellow; abdominal terga II-VII each with brown wash in
middle behind distinct antecosta. California, on grass? __ aureus (Moulton)

Body entirely pale except for internal pigment. California to British Co-

lumbia eastward to Colorado; Illinois; possibly South Carolina; on tree
Nay Stee Fa ae ste he ee ee albus (Moulton)

Mycterothrips betulae (J. C. Crawford)
(Figs. 5-6)

Taeniothrips salicis (O. M. Reuter): Hood, 1927, Ent. Amer. (n. s.) 7:215.
Misidentification.

Taeniothrips betulae J. C. Crawford, 1939, Jour. N.Y. Ent. Soc. 47: 74: O’Neill
and Bigelow, 1964, Can. Ent. 96(9):1232, fig. 13, 25, 42; Stannard, 1968, Bul.
Ill. Nat. Hist. Sur. 29(4):361. Type from New Jersey in USNM no. 52667.

Physothrips betulae (Crawford): Priesner, 1957, Zool. Anz. 159(7/8):161.

Mycterothrips betulae (Crawford): Bhatti, 1969, Oriental Ins. 3(4):378.

This species is close to the European salicis in having antennal seg-
ment VI (fig. 5) abruptly narrowed at the base and similar in the two
sexes. In betulae the lateral sculpture of abdominal terga extends

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972 279

mesad to seta pair i, whereas in salicis this sculpture extends no farther
mesad than seta pair ii. The major setae of the head (fig. 6) and
pronotum are stouter in betulae than in salicis. Males of betulae are
light brown with rich yellow internal pigment.

Probably betulae occurs wherever birch is common in eastern North
America. The National Collection contains specimens from birch and
willow in New York, New Jersey, and Illinois, and a single female
from birch in Quebec.

Mycterothrips aureus (Moulton), n. comb.
(Figs. 1-2)
Taeniothrips aureus Moulton, 1946, Pan-Pac. Ent. 22(2):59-60. Type from Echo
Lake, California in California Academy of Sciences, Moulton no. 4210.
Nec Thrips orionis (Treherne) (? = aureus Moulton), Bhatti, 1969, Oriental Ins.
3(4):380.

Bhatti (1969:380) listed aureus Moulton as a probable synonym of
Taeniothrips orionis Treherne (1924) when he suggested transferring
orionis to the genus Thrips. Neither species belongs to Thrips; aureus
belongs to Mycterothrips and orionis is a Taeniothrips in the strictest
sense.

M. aureus resembles betulae but the female is pale with only a
brown area behind the antecosta of each of the intermediate abdominal
segments; and it has 3 setae on each lateral margin of abdominal ter-
gum III where betulae has 4. The sculpture of the abdominal terga is
not as extensive as that in betulae, and antennal segment VI (fig. 1)
is narrowed more gradually at the base. Heming collected a female
from Alnus sp. at the altitude of 5400’, R. B. Miller Biological Station,
Alberta, Canada, 22 June 1970, that seems to be this species although
it has postocular setae iii stout and dark brown instead of minor as
in the holotype (fig. 2). Otherwise aureus is known only from the
type-series, the female holotype, 1 female paratype, and 2 larvae,
which were swept from grass, Echo Lake, Calif., 23 July 1930, Moulton
no. 4210. Heming also swept a male from low damp meadow south
of Whitecourt, Alberta, 12 July 1969, that may be this species. This
male has normal antennae and is entirely pale; it may have been
bleached in preparation. Since the type-series was collected by sweep-
ing, aureus is not necessarily a grass inhabitant but may live on tree
leaves as do other members of its genus.

Mycterothrips albus (Moulton)
(Figs. 3-4)

Euthrips albus Moulton, 1911, U.S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Tech. Ser. 21:39-40,
pl. 3, fig. 20-22; pl. 4, fig. 30. Type from Red Bluff, California in California
Academy of Sciences.

Euthrips costalis Jones, 1912, U.S. Dept. Agr. Misc. Papers Tech. Ser. 23(1):13-
14, pl. 4, fig. 1-4. Type from San Jose, California in USNM no. 71250.

280 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

Physothrips albus (Moulton): Karny, 1912, Zool. Ann. 4:340; Priesner, 1957,
Zool. Anz. 159(7/8):161.

Physothrips costalis (Jones): Karny, 1912, op. cit.:344.

Taeniothrips (Physothrips) albus (Moulton): Watson, 1923, Fla. Agr. Expt. Sta.
Bul. 168:42.

Taeniothrips (Physothrips) costalis (Jones): Watson, 1923, op. cit.:42.

Taeniothrips albus (Moulton): Treherne, 1924, Can. Ent. 56(4):83; Bailey, 1957,
Bul. Calif. Insect Surv. 4(5):198-199.

Rhopalandrothrips corni Moulton, 1927, Pan-Pac. Ent. 4(1):34-35; Bailey, 1957,
op. cit.:191-192, pl. 23, fig. 54-56; O’Neill and Bigelow, 1964, Can. Ent.
96(9):1219. Type from Big Trees, Calaveras Co., California in California
Academy of Sciences, Moulton no. 967. NEW SYNONYMY.

Taeniothrips albipennis Moulton, 1929, Pan-Pac. Ent. 5(3):129-130; Bailey, 1957,
op. cit.:198. Type from “Eel River, Shasta County,” California in California
Academy of Sciences, Moulton no. 2975. NEW SYNONYMY. Bailey stated
that Eel River does not pass through Shasta County.

Taeniothrips costalis (Jones): Bailey, 1936 (1935), Pan-Pac. Ent. 11(4):166.

Taeniothrips albidus Stannard, 1968, Bul. Ill. Nat. Hist. Surv. 29:360. Type from
Atlas, Pike Co., Illinois in Natural History Survey. NEW SYNONYMY.

Mycterothrips albidus (Stannard): Bhatti, 1969, Oriental Ins. 3(4):378.

Muycterothrips albipennis (Moulton): Bhatti, 1969, op. cit.:378.

Mycterothrips corni (Moulton): Bhatti, 1969, op. cit.:378.

Mycterothrips albus (Moulton): Bhatti, 1969, op. cit.:378.

This is a pale, immaculate species similar to albidicornis (Knechtel,
1923:73) of the European fauna, but with more extensive brown
shading on antennal segments and finer minor pronotal setae. In
albus the often scant ocellar pigment is reddish orange, and the inter-
nal pigment is pale dull yellow. Setae of ocellar pair iii are subequal
to the pronotal posteroangular setae, which vary from 30-60, but are
usually 50-55. Abdominal lines of sculpture have minute to scarcely
visible teeth. Tergum IX in both sexes has only the anterolateral pair
of pores. The female antenna (fig. 3) has segment VI gradually nar-
rowed at the base, and the male antenna (fig. 4) is bizarre.

Examination of the holotypes of Moulton’s albus, corni, and albi-
pennis, the holotype of costalis Jones, and a paratype of albidus
Stannard convinced me that all represent a single species. They were
identified—as were specimens from peach disease vector surveys in
the National Collection—as Rhopalandrothrips corni when males were
present and as albus or another Taeniothrips species when males were
lacking. Specimens exhibit variation in lengths of antennal segments
and apparent length of mouth cone, which is highly subject to dis-
tortion in mounting; but I can see no constant difference, regardless
of host or locality.

Specimens have been found on peach, dogwood, maple, Salix sp..,
Bromus sp., Aesculus californica, Amelanchier cusickii, and oak.
Nationwide searches for peach disease vectors yielded specimens from

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972 281

peach, Prunus spp., weeds, cover crops, and soil of peach orchards, in
western U.S., but none in eastern U.S. Specimens found under bark
and in plant debris, in moss, and in soil were probably hibernating.
Adults of both sexes were found in soil in peach vector surveys, but
if pupae were present they could not be distinguished from those of
other thripids.

Though albus is rarely collected, it occurs from British Columbia
to California and eastward to Idaho, Colorado, and New Mexico.
Stannard found it in Illinois, and J. G. Watts collected a single speci-
men that may be this species from chestnut in South Carolina.

Mycterothrips species

Heming swept a female from sedge at 2900’ in the Caribou Mts.,
Alberta, Canada, that I cannot place. It is uniformly washed with
pale brown as a teneral specimen of betulae might be, and appears
to have had 4 setae on each lateral margin of abdominal tergum II.
However, its sculpture is delicate and scant as in albus, and it has the
base of antennal segment VI gradually narrowed basad as in the Euro-
pean consociatus (Targioni-Tozzetti) (fig. 7).

REFERENCES

AMYOT, C. J. B., and AUDINET SERVILLE. 1843. Hist. Nat. des Insectes.
Appendice. Paris, 675 pp., illus.

BAILEY, S. F. 1935. A list of the Thysanoptera of California. Pan-Pac. Ent.
11(4):163-169. (Published 1936.)

1957. The thrips of California. 1. Suborder Terebrantia. Bul.
Calif. Insect Surv. 4(5):143-220, illus.

BHATTI, J. S. 1969. Taxonomic studies in some Thripini (Thysanoptera:
Thripidae ). Oriental Ins. 2(4):373-382.

CRAWFORD, J. C. 1939. Thysanoptera from northern New Jersey with de-
scriptions of new species. Jour. N.Y. Ent. Soc. 47(1):69-81.

HOOD, J. D. 1927. A contribution toward the knowledge of New York
Thysanoptera, with descriptions of new genera and species. 2. Ent. Amer.
(n.s.) 7(4):209-245, illus. (Date erroneously given as 1937 by O’Neill and
Bigelow, 1964:1238. )

1939. New North American Thysanoptera, principally from Texas.
Rev. Ent. (Rio de Janeiro) 10(3):550-619, illus.

JONES, P. R. 1912. Some new California and Georgia Thysanoptera. U.S.
Dept. Agr. Misc. Pap. Tech. ser. 23(1):1-24., illus.

KARNY, H. 1912. Revision der von Serville aufgestellten Thysanopteren-
Genera. Zool. Anal. 4(4):322-344,

. 1921. Zur Systematik der orthopteroiden Insekten. Treubia 1(4):
163-269, illus.

KNECHTEL, W. K. 1923. Einige neue Thysanopteren aus Rumanien. Bucharest
Acad. Romana Sect. Sci. Bul. 8(5/6):71-76.

MOULTON, D. 1911. Synopsis, catalogue, and bibliography of North Ameri-

282 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

can Thysanoptera, with descriptions of new species. U.S. Dept. Agr. But. Ent.
Tech. Ser. 21:9-56, illus.

1927. Four new California Thysanoptera with notes on two other
species. Pan-Pac. Ent. 4(1):30-35.

1929. New California Thysanoptera. Pan-Pac. Ent. 5(3):125-136.

1946. Two new species of thrips from North America. Pan-Pac.
Ent. 22(2):59-60. (Date erroneously given as 1945 in O’Neill and Bigelow,
1964: 1232. )

MOUND, L. A., and K. O'NEILL. 1969. Physothrips Kary, 1912 (Insecta,
Thysanoptera): Proposed designation of a type-species under the plenary
powers. Z. N. (S.) 1896. Bull. Zool. Nomencl. 26(1):51-53.

O'NEILL, K., and R. S. BIGELOW. 1964. The Taeniothrips of Canada. Can.
Ent. 96(9):1219-1239, illus.

PRIESNER, H. 1922. Beitrage zur Lebensgeschichte der Thysanopteren. Akad.
Wiss. Wien, math.-naturw. Klasse, Sitzber. (1)131(4/5):67-75, illus.

1925. Katalog der europidischen Thysanopteren. Konowia 4(3/4):
141-159.

1928. Die Thysanopteren Europas. 755 p., illus. Fritz Wagner,
Vienna.

1932. Contributions towards a knowledge of the Thysanoptera
of Egypt, V. Bul. Soc. Roy. Ent. Egypte (n.s.) 16(1/2):2-12, illus.

1957. Zur vergleichenden Morphologie des Endothorax der Thysa-
nopteren (Vorliufige Mitteilung). Zool. Anz. 159(7/8):159-167, illus.

1960. A monograph of the Thysanoptera of the Egyptian deserts.
Publ. Inst. Desert d’Egypte 13: i-ix, 1-549, pls. I-XXI. (Published 1964).

REUTER, O. M. 1879. Diagnoser 6fver nya Thysanoptera fran Finland.
Ofvers. Finska Vetensk.-Soc. Férhandl. 21:207-223.

STANNARD, L. J. 1968. The thrips, or Thysanoptera, of Illinois. Bul. Ill. Nat.
Hist. Survey 29(4):209-552, illus.

STRASSEN, R. ZUR. 1966. Craspedothrips, eine neue aethiopische Thripiden-
Gattung (Ins., Thysanoptera). Senck. Biol. 47(6):443—-446, illus.

TARGIONI-TOZZETTI, AD. 1886. Notizie sommarie di due specie di
Cecidomidei, una consociata ad un Phytoptus, ad altri acari e ad una Thrips in
aleune galle del Nocciola (Corylus avellana L.), una gregaria sotto la scorza
dei rami di Olivi, nello stato larvale. Bul. Soc. Ent. Italiana 18(4):419-431,
illus. (Published 1887).

TREHERNE, R. C. 1924. Thysanoptera known to occur in Canada. Can. Ent.
56(4):82-88, illus.

TRYBOM, F. In Schultze, L., 1910. J. Physapoda, in Zoologische und
anthropologische Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise im westlichen und zentralen
Siidafrika ausgefiihrt in den Jahren 1903-1905, b. 4, lf. 1. Denkschriften Med.-
Naturwiss. Ges. Jena 16:147-178, illus.

UZEL, HEINRICH. 1895. Monographie der Ordnung Thysanoptera. K®6nig-
gritz, 472 pp., illus.

WATSON, J. R. 1918. Thysanoptera of Florida. Fla. Buggist 1(4):53-55;
DON 65=aile

1923. Synopsis and catalog of the Thysanoptera of North Amer-
ica, with a translation of Karny’s keys to the genera of Thysanoptera and a
bibliography of recent publications. Bul. Fla. Agr. Expt. Sta. 168:3-100.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972 283

A NEW GENUS AND TWO NEW SPECIES OF
NEOTROPICAL CHARIESTERINI

(HEMIPTERA: CoOREIDAE)!

Tuomas R. YONKE,” Department of Entomology, University of Missouri,
Columbia, Missouri 65201

ABSTRACT—A new genus, Ruckesius, and two new species, R. medleri
and R. kapleri, are described from Paraguay and Bolivia, respectively. Ruckesius
is placed in the coreid tribe Chariesterini near Chariesterus to which it is most
allied. A key to the four genera of Chariesterini is provided.

Much work is needed on the alpha taxonomy of the Coreidae. The
family has been largely neglected in the last 100 years, since the work
of Carlos Stal who in 1867 erected the tribe Chariesterini. In their
catalogue of the Hemiptera, Lethierry and Severin (1894) listed eight
species of Chariesterus, seven of Plapigus, and one of Staluptus. Four
species of Chariesterus have since been described (Fracker, 1919; Van
Duzee, 1937; and Ruckes, 1955). Of the 22 species of Chariesterini,
including the two described here, only four are known to occur in the
Nearctic region and of these only one, Chariesterus antennator (Fab.),
is exclusively Nearctic. The rest are Neotropical.

Ruckesius, n. gen.

Elongate, slender bugs about 12 mm long or less, somewhat dorso-ventrally
flattened; light brown in color; generally devoid of spines; body densely covered
with blunt-tipped setae; length of antennae about 1% that of body, first antennal
segment triquetral, second slender cylindrical, third foliaceous, fourth incrassate
acuminate; labium extending to mesosternum; distinct labial groove in pro- and
mesosterna; pronotum elongate, humeral width nearly twice basal width; antero-
lateral pronotal spines well developed; lateral carinae entire; humeri rounded,
not produced; pronotum and propleura sparsely punctate; scutellum longer than
wide; metathoracic scent apparatus with reduced evaporative area; hemelytra
extending to near tip of abdomen; abdomen elongate somewhat dorso-ventrally
flattened; legs devoid of spines.

Type-species: Ruckesius medleri, n. sp.

This genus is most closely related to Chariesterus Laporte, and is
therefore placed in the tribe Chariesterini to which it is readily keyed
in Stal (1867), as in the key below.

The genus is named in honor of the late Dr. Herbert Ruckes who
has published the most recent work on the species of Chariesterus

1 Contribution from the Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station. Journal series
no, 71182.
2 Associate Professor of Entomology.

284 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

(Ruckes, 1955) and who had examined one specimen in the C. J.
Drake collection labelling it a new genus and species. He, however,
never described it.

KEY TO THE GENERA OF CHARIESTERINI

1. Antennal segment I triquetral, almost equally incrassate throughout length;
pronotal«collar:abbsemby 220 22 Aon Se ee ee eee 2
Antennal segment I cylindrical for 4% to %4 its length, apically incrassate;
pronotalscollaridistinetyss =e: 2-2 Se ee 3
Anterior lateral pronotal spine prominent; humeral angles rounded, not pro-
duced; length of antennae % that of body; antennal segment I devoid
GEISpines ie. we woz can Wee 2 BAL Re 5 ade ee eee eer Ruckesius Yonke
Anterior lateral pronotal margin rounded, not spined; humeral angles promi-
nently dentate, acuminate, or acute; length of antennae subequal to that
of body; antennal segment I usually bearing thick spines at triquetral
angles) s Js J5 Doe ge. ten ek Be oe Chariesterus Laporte
3. Humeral angles acute; antennal segment I longer than II, segment III
strongly folta@eOUs 2) see er ee: Sie eed Re a Plapigus Stal
Humeral angles rounded or obtuse; antennal segments I and II subequally
long, segment III narrowly foliaceous Staluptus Stal

to

Ruckesius medleri, n. sp.

(Fig. 1)

Body slender, somewhat flattened, length of female 8.48 mm, humeral width
1.60 mm; abdominal width 2.20 mm; light brown except alternating fuscous and
yellowish bands on connexivum, antennal dilation of segment III fuscous; short
blunt white setae profuse over entire body, antennal segments I, II, and III, and
legs; antennae one-half body length; antero-lateral spines large, blunt tipped,
projecting forward beyond anterior pronotal margin; humeri broadly rounded;
legs devoid of spines.

Head.—Elongate, nearly cylindrical, 1.28 mm long, outer ocular width 0.92 mm,
inner ocular width 0.60 mm, inner ocellar width 0.31 mm, median fovea extending
from base of tylus to between ocelli, small pit in front of each ocellus; no post-
antennal tubercles; antenniferous tubercles prominent, broadly rounded on inner
apical margin, extending well beyond jugae; jugae only slightly exceeding tylus;
ocelli farther from each other than from compound eyes; length from ocellus to
tip of antenniferous tubercle 0.94 mm; bucculae short, extending to less than %
length of head to vertical midline of compound eye, posterior face of bucculae
open; venter forming shallow labial groove; labium reaching middle of meso-
sternum, length of labial segments: I—0.59 mm, II—0.59 mm, III—0.51 mm,
I1V—0.43 mm; antennal segment I stout, moderately triquetral; segment II slender
cylindrical; segment III foliaceous, width of dilation 0.56 mm; antennal segment
IV incrassate, then acuminate distally; length of antennal segments: I—1.28 mm,
II—1.20 mm, III—1.28 mm, IV—0.60 mm.

Thorax—Pronotum 1.76 mm long, slightly longer than humeral width and
twice as long as basal pronotal width (0.88 mm); lateral pronotal margin carinate,
entire, with antero-lateral spine projecting along head; collar absent; pronotum
with median carina, large tubercle on either side of carina anterior to posterior

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972 285

Fig. 1. Ruckesius medleri, n. sp., dorsal view, female holotype.

pronotal margin; humeri broadly rounded; posterior angle distinct on either side
of scutellum and reflexed between angles; scutellum longer (0.62 mm) than
basal width (0.47 mm) with median and lateral carina distinct; disc and propleura
sparsely punctate; propleura oblique; labial groove distinct but shallow on pro-
sternum, deeply grooved in anterior half of mesosternum, less so in posterior half;
metathoracic scent apparatus opening laterally, peritreme absent from posterior
half, prominently raised disc anterior to ostiole with groove extending from ves-
tibule to near apex of disc, a narrow band of evaporative cuticle extending around

286 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

ostiole and disc; femora simple, gradually stouter apically; tibiae slender, cylindri-
cal; hemelytra extending to just beyond seventh tergite.

Abdomen.—Connexivum from tergites 3-7 well exposed, each with 1 or 2
fuscous bands alternating with dull yellow bands; spiracles on sternites 3-7 one-
third distant from anterior margin of respective segments, slightly less displaced
from lateral margin.

Holotype. Female, labelled “Grand Chaco, Paraguay, 59-40, W.
22-93, N.; 260 Km West Paraguay River, VI-10-1936; Alberto Schulze;
J. C. Lutz collection.” (In United States National Museum, Type No.
71755). Paratypes: 2 females, same label data as holotype, both de-
posited in the collection of the USNM. Males are presently unknown.
Labels on the three specimens are obviously incorrect in the designa-
tion of “22-23, N.” and probably should read 22°23’, S.

This species is named in honor of my former mentor, Dr. John T.
Medler of the University of Wisconsin who, through his encourage-
ment and direction, was initially responsible for my interest in the
Hemiptera.

Ruckesius kapleri, n. sp.

Body slender, somewhat flattened, length of female 11.40 mm, humeral width
2.07 mm, abdominal width 2.90 mm; light brown except for fuscous and yellowish
areas on connexivum, antennal dilation of segment III fuscous; short blunt setae
profuse over entire body, antennal segments I, II, and III, and legs; antennae
over one-half as long as body, antero-lateral spines large, blunt tipped, projecting
forward beyond anterior pronotal margin; humeri broadly rounded; legs devoid
of spines.

Head.—Elongate cylindrical, 1.40 mm long, outer ocular width 1.10 mm, inner
ocular width 0.75 mm, inner ocellar width 0.38 mm, median fovea extending
from base of tylus to between ocelli, a small pit in front of each ocellus; no post-
antennal tubercles; antenniferous tubercles prominent, acute on inner apical mar-
gin; length from ocellus to tip of antenniferous tubercle 1.18 mm; bucculae short,
extending almost 24 length of head to posterior margin of compound eye; labium
reaching mesosternum, length of labial segments: I—1.00 mm, II—0.75 mm,
I1J—0.60 mm, IV—0.50 mm; antennal segment I stout, moderately triquetral;
segment II slender, cylindrical; segment II foliaceous, width of dilation 0.65 mm;
segment IV incrassate, then acuminate distally; length of antennal segments: I—
2.20 mm, II—1.75 mm, IIJ—1.50 mm, IV—1.30 mm.

Thorax.—Pronotum 2.50 mm long, longer than humeral width, over twice as
long as basal pronotal width (1.07 mm); lateral pronotal margin carinate, entire,
with antero-lateral spine projecting along head; collar absent; pronotum with
median carina, large tubercle on either side of carina anterior to posterior pronotal
margin; humeri broadly rounded; posterior angle distinct on either side of scutel-
lum and reflexed between angles; scutellum longer (0.85 mm) than basal width
(0.60 mm) with median and lateral carina distinct; disc and propleura punctate;
labial groove extending through mesosternum; metathoracic scent apparatus open-
ing laterally, paritreme present on posterior half on dorsal margin above ostiole,
a raised oval disc anterior to ostiole with groove extending from vestibule to top

~l

PROG. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972 28

of disc, a narrow band of evaporative cuticle extending around ostiole and disc;
femora simple, gradually stouter apically; tibiae slender, cylindrical; hemelytra
extending to tip of abdomen.

Abdomen.—Connexivum broad with fuscous bands; spiracles on sternites 3-7
one-third distant from anterior margin of respective segments, slightly less dis-
placed from lateral margin.

Holotype: Female, labelled “Cochambamba, Bolivia; 20-III—-1950;
M. Zischka”; C. J. Drake collection. (In United States National Mu-
seum, Type No. 71756). No males are presently known.

This species is named in honor of Dr. Joseph Kapler, my former
undergraduate advisor in Biology at Loras College, Dubuque, Iowa,
who encouraged me to pursue graduate work in entomology.

Key to Species OF Ruckesius

Antennal segments I and III subequal, each subequal to length of head;

outer apical angle of antennal dilation III acute (fig. 1) — medleri Yonke
Antennal segment I much longer than either antennal segment III or head;
outer apical angle of antennal dilation III rounded — kapleri Yonke
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I wish to thank Mr. Dennis D. Kopp for preparing the illustration; Dr.
Jon Herring (USDA, Systematic Entomology Laboratory) and Dr. Richard C.
Froeschner (Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution) for making the
material available to me; and Dr. Jon Herring for taking measurements of R.
kapleri for me. I also wish to extend my grateful appreciation to the American
Philosophical Society (Penrose Fund, Grant no. 5447) which has supported, in
part, my trips to various museums in the United States, and to the National Sci-
ence Foundation (Grant GZ-1123) for supporting my participation in the Summer
Institute in Systematics (1969) at the Smithsonian Institution during which time
the specimens used in this study were discovered.

REFERENCES

FRACKER, S. B. 1919. Chariesterus and its Neotropical relatives (Coreidae
Heteroptera). Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer, 12:227-230.

RUCKES, H. 1955. The genus Chariesterus de Laporte (Heteroptera, Corei-
dae). Amer. Mus. Novitates No. 1721, 16 p.

STAL, C. 1867. Bidrag till Hemipterernas Systematik. Ofv. Sv. Vet.-Ak. Forh.
24(7):491-560.

VAN DUZEE, E. P. 1937. A few new Hemiptera. Pan-Pac. Ent. 13:25-31.

288 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

THOMAS ELLIOTT SNYDER
A BIBLIOGRAPHY

Davin R. Smiru, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural
Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

ABSTRACT—A list of the more than 300 publications of Dr. Thomas Elliott
Snyder is presented. For those articles where new taxa were proposed, a list of
the new taxa is given.

During a span of 58 years, Dr. T. E. Snyder (Obituary, Proc. Ent.
Soc. Wash., 1971, 73:239-242) authored or co-authored over 300 arti-
cles, mostly on termites but many on other insects destructive to forests
and forest products. Based on his notes, reprints, Bibliography of Ter-
mites and both Supplements (1956, 1961, 1968), and his Catalog of
the Termites of the World (1949), the following complete compilation
of Dr. Snyder's articles is presented. This does not include many news
or press releases and mineographed reports. Dr. Snyder's interests
were broad, as his publications reveal, and deal with biology, control,
and taxonomy. He described over 170 new species and other taxa,
and these are listed, in parentheses, following the article in which they
appear. After his retirement and between 1952 and 1957, Dr. Snyder
ran a column in Pest Control called “Borer Lines” which account for
many of the articles during that period.

The first listing is those for which Dr. Snyder was sole author. This
is followed by the articles for which he was senior author and those
for which he was junior author. I have attempted to arrange the publi-
cations chronologically in the order in which they appeared in the
same year.

Snyder, T. E.

1910. Insects injurious to forest and forest products: Damage to chestnut tele-
phone and telegraph poles by wood-boring insects. U.S. Dept. Agr.,
Bur. Ent. Bull. 94, pt. I, pp. 1-12.

1911. Damage to telephone and telegraph poles by wood-boring insects. U.S.
Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Circ. (2nd ser.) 134, pp. 1-6.

1912. Insect damage to mine props and methods of preventing the damage.
U.S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Circ. (2nd ser.) 156, pp. 1-4.

—. Record of the finding of a true queen of Termes flavipes Kol. Proc. Ent.
Soc. Wash. 14:107-108.

1913. Changes during the quiescent stages in the metamorphosis of termites.
Science (n.s.) 38:487—488.

—. Record of the rearing of Cupes concolor Westw. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.
15:30-31.

1Mail address: c/o U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560.

1920.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972 289

The ovipositor of Parandra brunnea Fab. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 15:
131-133.

Changes during quiescent stages in the metamorphosis of termites. Proc.
Ent. Soc. Wash. 15:162—165.

Insects injurious to forests and forest products: Biology of the termites
of the eastern United States with preventive and remedial measures.
U.S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Bull. 94, pt. 2, pp. 13-85.

Termites, or “white ants,” in the United States: Their damage and
methods of prevention. U.S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 333, pp. 1-32.

Egg and manner of oviposition of Lyctus planicollis. Jour. Agr. Res.
6:273-276.

“White ants” as pests in the United States and methods of preventing
their damage. U.S. Dept. Agr., Farmers’ Bull. 759, pp. 1-20.

Notes on horseflies as a pest in southern Florida. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.
18:208-210.

A peculiar habit of a horsefly (Tabanus americanus) in the Florida

Everglades. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 19:141-145.

Injury to Casuarina trees in southern Florida by the mangrove borer.
Jour. Agr. Res. 16:155-164.

Some significant modifications in nearctic termites. Proc. Ent. Soc.
Wash. 21:97—104.

“White ants” as pests in the United States and methods of preventing
their damage. U.S. Dept. Agr., Farmers’ Bull. 1037, pp. 1-16.

White ant-proof wood for the tropics. American Lumberman, No, 2324,
p. 58, Nov. 29. (Reprinted in Jour. Econ. Ent. 1921, 14:496-501).

“White ants” as pests in the United States and methods of preventing
damage. Calif. State Dept. Agr. Monthly Bull. 9:7-20. (Reprint of
U.S. Dept. Agr., Farmers’ Bull. 1037.)

Two new termites from Arizona. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 22:38—-40.
(Kalotermes banksi, n. sp., Reticulitermes aureus, n. sp.)

The colonizing reproductive adults of termites. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.
22:109-150.

Protecting buildings against the white ant. Engineering News-Record
84(23):1110-1112.

White ants avenge exposure of methods. Engineering News-Record
85(8):373.

Defective shade trees menace life. American Forester 27:309-311.

Injury to structural timbers by lepidopterous larvae. Jour. Econ. Ent.
14:366-369.

White ant-proof wood for the tropics. Jour. Econ. Ent. 14:496-501.

Obituary. Caroline Burling Thompson (1869-1921). Science (n.s.)
50:41-42.

Termites, or white ants, and their damage to poles and telephone
equipment. Nat. Electr. Light Assoc., New York, Techn. Sec., Dept.
Overhead Systems Comm. T 6-22, pp. 69-74.

Insect injury to green logs and lumber and methods of preventing this
loss. The Southern Lumberman 108( 1422) :133-135.

New termites from Hawaii, Central and South America, and the An-
tilles. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 61:1-32. (Kalotermes immigrans, n. sp.,

90

1923.

1924.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

K. montanus, n. sp., K. tuberculifrons, n. sp., K. cubanus, n. sp., Neo-
termes connexus, n. sp., N. connexus var. major, n. var., Cryptotermes
rospigliosi, n. sp., C. piceatus, n. sp., C. thompsonae, n. sp., Copto-
termes niger, n. sp., C. crassus, n. sp., Armitermes intermedius, n. sp.,
Constrictotermes (Tenuirostritermes) incisus, n. sp., C. (T.) briciae,
n. sp., Anoplotermes gracilis, n. sp., A. manni, n. sp.)

A new Reticulitermes from the Orient. Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 13:107—
109. (R. chinensis, n. sp.).

A new Glyptotermes from Porto Rico. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 25:91-93.
(G. corniceps, n. sp. )

Three new termites from the Canal Zone, Panama. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.
25:126-131. (Mirotermes panamaensis, n. sp., Orthognathotermes
wheeleri, n. sp., Anoplotermes parvus, n. sp.)

Wood preservation protects wood from boring insects. Wood Preserving
News 1(9):164.

Note. Budworm infestation in the Northwest. Jour. Forestry 21:655.

High temperature as a remedy for Lyctus powder-post beetles. Jour.
Forestry 21:810-814.

Closer utilization helps conserve our forests—insect defects. The South-
ern Lumberman 112(1473):131-134.

A new subgenus of Nasutitermes Banks. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 26:
20-24. (Obtusitermes, n. subg.)

Note on mating flight of Hexagenia bilineata Say. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.
26:24.

A new Prorhinotermes from Panama. Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 14:43-45.
(P. molinoi, n. sp.)

The termite Kalotermes on Atlantic coast. Wood Preserving News 2(2):
SPA,

An extraordinary new Rhinotermes from Panama. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.
37:83-86. (R. longidens, n. sp.)

Descriptions of new species and hitherto unknown castes of termites
from America and Hawaii. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 64:1-40. (Kalo-
termes marjoriae, n. sp., K. tobogae, n. sp., Neotermes angustoculus,
n. sp., Glyptotermes pubescens, n. sp., Leucotermes convexinotatus,
n. sp., L. cardini, n. sp., L. longiceps, n. sp., Syntermes magnoculus,
n. sp., S. emersoni, n. sp., S. colombianus, n. sp., Nasutitermes (Sub-
ulitermes ) zeteki, n. sp., Anoplotermes hondurensis, n. sp.)

Description of a new termite from Porto Rico. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.
26:131-132. (Nasutitermes (Tenuirostritermes) wolcotti, n. sp.)

Tests of methods of protecting woods against termites or white ants.
U.S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 1231, pp. 1-16.

New termites and hitherto unknown castes from the Canal Zone, Pan-
ama. Jour. Agr. Res. 29:179-193. (Kalotermes panamae, n. sp., K.
(Glyptotermes) angustus, n. sp., K. (G.) barbouri, n. sp., K. (G.)
emarginicollis, n. sp., Armitermes (Armitermes) chagresi, n. sp., A.
( Rhynchotermes ) perarmatus, n. sp., Nasutitermes ( Uniformitermes ),
n. subg., N. (U.) barrocoloradensis, n. sp.)

Protecting wood against termites or white ants. Wood Preserving News
2(9):138.

1925.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972 291

“Adaptations” to social life: The termites (Isoptera). Smithsonian
Mise. Col. 76(12):1—-14.

A correction. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 26:196. (Reference to article in
Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 26:20-24 on ending of species name. )

A non-subterranean termite in Virginia. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 26:207—
209.

Whence the termites of Hawaii? Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc. 5:381-384.

Description of winged adult of Kalotermes approximatus Snyder (Isop-
tera). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 27:14.

New American termites, including a new subgenus. Jour. Wash. Acad.
Sci. 15:152-162. (Kalotermes contracticornis, n. sp., Kalotermes
(Calcaritermes ), n. subg., K. (C.) imminens, n. sp., K. (C.) recessi-
frons, n. sp., K. (Glyptotermes) planus, n. sp., K. (G.) suturis, n. sp.,
Armitermes (Rhynchotermes ) major, n. sp. )

Injury to orchard trees by termites or white ants. The Citrus Industry
6(4):14-17.

Termites in buildings. Science 61:389.

A new Rugitermes from Panama. Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15:197—200.
(Kalotermes (Rugitermes) isthmi, n. sp.)

Insects and forest trees. Nature Mag. 5:311-314.

The origin of the castes in termites. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 38:57-68.

The “pseudo-flight” of termites. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 38:89.

Biformis a preoccupied name. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 38:89. (Nasuti-
termes (Obtusitermes) panamae, n. n.)

A new Cuban termite. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 27:105-106. (Nasuti-
termes (Tenuirostritermes) brooksi, n. sp.)

Insect Carpenters. Jour. Amer. Inst. Architects 13(7):277-278.

Powder-post in buildings. Jour. Amer. Inst. Architects 13(8):317-319.

Termites in wood destruction. Jour. Amer. Inst. Architects 13( 9) :353-
354.

How insects damage wood. Save the Surface Mag. 5(4):11; 5(5):6-7;
5(6):12-13.

Flying ants in the house. Better Homes and Gardens 4(2):32-33.

New termites from the Solomon Islands and Santa Cruz Archipelago.
Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15:395-407. (Neotermes sanctae-crucis, n. sp.,
Prorhinotermes manni, n. sp., P. solomonensis, n. sp., Coptotermes
grandiceps, n. sp., C. pamuae, n. sp., C. solomonensis, n. sp., Rhino-
termes (Schedorhinotermes) marjoriae, n. sp., R. (S.) sanctae-crucis,
n. sp., R. (S.) solomonensis, n. sp.)

New termites from the Solomon Islands and Santa Cruz Archipelago—II.
Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15:438-444. (Nasutitermes (Grallotermes )
oceanicum, n. sp., N. (Subulitermes) orientis, n. sp., N. (S.) orientis
tulagiensis, n. var., N. (S.) sanctae-crucis, n. sp., Microcerotermes
piliceps, n. sp.)

Communism among insects. Sci. Monthly 21(5):466—477.

Building codes should require ant-proof structures. The American City
33(5):569, 571.

Notes on fossil termites with particular reference to Florissant, Colorado.
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 38:149-166.

292

1926.

PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

Review. Termites of Kartabo (British Guiana) by A. E. Emerson. Proc.
Ent. Soc. Wash. 27:170.

New termites from Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Colombia. Jour. Wash.
Acad. Sci. 16:18-28. (Kalotermes (Rugitermes) costaricensis, n. sp.,
K. (Calcaritermes) asperatum, n. sp., K. (C.) guatemalae, n. sp., K.
(C.) thompsonae, n. sp., K. (Glyptotermes) marlatti, n. sp., K. (G.)
nevermani, n. sp., Capritermes (Neocapritermes) longinotus, n. sp.)

Enemy tunnels treasury vaults. Nature Mag. 7(1):23-25.

Termite damage in California. The Timberman 28(1):254.

More about insects. Save the Surface Mag. 6(2):14.

Five new termites from Panama and Costa Rica. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.
28:7-16. (Kalotermes (Kalotermes) clevelandi, n. sp., K. (Rugi-
termes) kirbyi, n. sp., K. (Cryptotermes) breviarticulatus, n. sp.,
Nasutitermes (Subulitermes) kirbyi, n. sp., N. (Convexitermes )
clevelandi, n. sp.)

Races or subspecies in Reticulitermes. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 39:1-6.

Change of name in Isoptera. Kalotermes (Calcaritermes) fairchildi Sny.
for Kalotermes (Calcaritermes) thompsonae Sny. Proc. Ent. Soc.
Wash. 28:51.

Preventing damage by Lyctus powder-post beetles. U.S. Dept. Agr.
Farmers’ Bull. 1477, pp. 1-13. (Revised 1936, 1938).

Notes on termites from Arizona with description of two new species.
Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool. 28(21):389-397. (Kalotermes arizonensis,
n. sp., K. lighti, n. sp.)

Preventing damage by termites or white ants. U.S. Dept. Agr. Farmers’
Bull. 1472, pp. 1-22. (Revised 1927, 1930, 1934, 1937, 1939).

Termites collected on the Mulford Biological Exploration to the Amazon
Basin, 1921-1922. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 68:1-76. (Kalotermes (Neo-
termes) magnoculus, n,. sp., K. (N.) manni, n. sp., Rhinotermes lati-
labrum, n. sp., R. manni, n. sp., Cornitermes (Cornitermes) bolivianus,
n. sp., Armitermes (Armitermes) benjamini, n. sp., A. (A.) holmgreni,
n. sp., A. (A.) manni, n. sp., Nasutitermes (Nasutitermes) aduncus,
n. sp., N. (N.) crassus, n. sp., N. (N.) pilosus, n. sp., N. (Subuli-
termes) angusticeps, n. sp., N. (Convexitermes) pallidus, n. sp., N.
(C.) pulliceps, n. sp., N. ( Diversitermes) melanocephalus, n. sp., N.
(Velocitermes) uniformis, n. sp., N. (Agnathotermes), n. subg., N.
(A.) glaber, n. sp., N. ( Tenuirostritermes) laticephalus, n. sp., Ano-
plotermes ( Anoplotermes) bolivianus, n. sp., A. (A.) clypeatus, n. sp.,
A. (A.) distans, n. sp., A. (A.) distinctus, n. sp., A. (A.) grandifons,
n. sp., A. (A.) howardi, n. sp., A. (A.) indistinctus, n. sp., A. (A.)
linearis, n. sp., A. (A.) proximus, n. sp., A. (A.) punctatus, n. sp.,
A. (A.) rotundus, n. sp., Cylindrotermes brevipilosus, n. sp., Miro-
termes (Mirotermes) bolivianus, n. sp., M. (Spinitermes) robustus,
n. sp., Capritermes (Neocapritermes) braziliensis, n. sp., C. (N.)
hopkinsi, n. sp., C. (N.) parallelus, n. sp., Orthognathotermes brevi-
pilosus, n. sp.)

Proper building methods will save householders damage by ants. The
Lumber Manufacturer and Dealer 77(12):11, 27, 67. (Also editorial. )

Some insect fauna of telephone poles. Telephony 91(12):14—20.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972 293

The biology of termite castes. Quart. Rev. Biol. 1(4):522-552.

Insect metal workers. Nature Mag. 8(6):277—280.

Termite resistance tests at Panama. Tropical Woods, No. 8, pp. 2-3.

Nasutitermes (N.) benjamini, a new name for Eutermes insularis Sjéstd.
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 39:143.

Review. Existe-t-il plusieurs races de Reticulitermes lucifugus Rossi?
by J. Feytaud. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 29:25.

An adjustable insect barrier. Sci. Amer. 136:290-291.

Termites modify building codes. Jour. Econ. Ent. 20:316-321.

Termites change building codes. Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17:178-179.

Termites cause modification in building codes. U.S. Dept. Agr. Year-
book for 1926, pp. 706-709.

Defects in timber caused by insects. U.S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 1490, pp.
1-47.

Impregnation for conservation. Manufacturers’ Record 92(6):82-83.

Preventing termite damage to buildings. U.S. Dept. Agr. Forest Worker
3(5):12-13.

Termite damage modifies building codes. The American Contractor
8(40):15-17.

Termites modify building codes. Calif. Dept. Agr. Monthly Bull. 16
(10) :531-536.

Odd and curious facts about termites or “white ants”! The Mid-Pacific
Mag. 34(4) :337-342.

More uninvited insect guests. Nature Mag. 10(5):309-314.

How to prevent termite damage to buildings. Engineering News-Record
100(7 ) :274-276.

Termite pole damage in California. Electrical West 60(3):135-138.

Review. “La vie des termites,” M. Maeterlinck. Biol. Abstr., 2( 6-8):
15051-15052.

Note. (Coptotermes.) Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18:381.

The control of termites in building construction. Agricultural Engineer-
ing 9(8):240-242.

A new Reticulitermes from Baltic Sea amber (Insecta—Isoptera). Jour.
Wash. Acad. Sci. 18:515-517. (R. minimus, n. sp.)

Note. (A visit to Hawaii.) Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 19:44.

Friends and foes of termites or white ants. Zool. Anz. (Wasmann-Fest-
band) 82:40—-46.

The termite problem in the Pacific area. Mid-Pacific Mag. 37(1):17-28.

Termites, -destroyers of wood—and man’s fight against them. Proc.
Amer. Wood-Preservers’ Assoc. 25:18-38.

Termites and architecture. Sci. Monthly 28:143-151.

All in the life of a termite. About the friends and foes of white ants.
Nature Mag. 13(2):84—-87.

Preventing damage to hardwoods by Lyctus and other powder-post
beetles. Wood Working Industries, March, pp. 11-19.

Advise chemical treatments for lumber used in tropics. The American
Contractor, April, p. 18.

Termite control in the Gulf states. State Plant Board of Mississippi
Quart. Bull. 9(1):1-19.

1931.

1932.

1933.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

New termites from the Antilles and Middle America. Proc. Ent. Soc.
Wash. 31:80-87. (Kalotermes (Kalotermes) liberatus, n. sp., K. (K.)
bequaerti, n. sp., Cornitermes (Cornitermes) acignathus walkeri, n.
subsp., C. (C.) acignathus costaricensis, n. subsp., Cylindrotermes
macrognathus, n. sp.)

Comejenes u hormigas blancas. La Hacienda 24(4):154—158.

The termite test house in Panama. Wood Preserving News 8(4):45—48.

The termite problem in the Pacific area. Proc. 4th Pacific Science
Congress, Batavia-Bandoeng, Java 4:143-155.

Methods of preventing termite damage. In: Wood Construction, by
D. F. Holtman, chap. 7, pp. 210-230. McGraw-Hill Co., New York.

Termites in buildings. U.S. Dept. Agr. Leaflet 31, pp. 1-5.

California to the fore in termite control, pp. 5-11. Proper construction
as a form of insurance against damage by termites, pp. 31-42. Rept.
Sympos. Termite Invest. Comm., San Francisco.

Termite problem in the United States. Electric Light and Power 7(11):
96-108.

Damage by termites causes modification of building codes. 4th Int.
Congr. Ent., Ithaca, N.Y. 2:268-277.

Fighting the rapacious termite. The Pan American Mag. 42(4):261-
269; 290.

Barro Colorado Island—a scientist’s eden in a wildlife preserve. The
Pan American Mag. 42(5):331-334.

Termites in buildings. The Southern Lumber Jour. 34(19):20.

Termites, destroyers of wood and man’s fight against them, Lingnan
Science Jour., 7, with appendix, pp. 531-571.

Appendix. Directions for collecting, preserving, and breeding termites
(Isoptera): The collection and preserving of insect inquilines, and
symbiotic intestinal Protozoa. Lingnan Science Jour. 7, pp. 551-556.

IV. Isoptera. In: Carpenter, F. M. Insects from the Miocene (Latah)
of Washington. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 24:317. (Stylotermes washing-
tonensis, n. sp.)

Scientist warn house-owners of “termite treatment” frauds. Wood Pre-
serving News 9(9):116—-117.

Termites the hidden foe. Everyday Science and Mechanics, February,
pp. 228-230, 283.

Wood as food for insects. Southern Lumberman 145( 1828) :27.

Two new termites from Costa Rica. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 34:98—-100.
(Kalotermes (Neotermes) brevinotus, n. sp., Capritermes ( Neocapri-
termes) centralis, n. sp.)

Termites, the hidden foe. The Northern Virginian 3(4):25, 27, 31, 34.

Test house in Panama resists attack of termites and decay. Wood Pre-
serving News 11(1):4-5, 13.

Two new termites from India. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 46:91-94. ( Micro-
termes unicolor, n. sp., Amitermes (Euhamitermes) lighti, n. sp.)

New termites from India. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 82:1-15. (Kalotermes
(Neotermes) andamanensis, n. sp., K. (N.) bosei, n. sp., K. (N.)
gardneri, n. sp., Heterotermes malabaricus, n. sp., Termes (Termes )
dehraduni, n. sp., T. (Cyclotermes) almorensis, n. sp., Microtermes

1934.

1935.

1936.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL, 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972 295

pubescens, n. sp., Nasutitermes (Subulitermes) gardneri, n. sp., N.
(Rotunditermes) anamalaiensis, n. sp., Microcerotermes beesoni, n.
sp., M. championi, n. sp.)

Calcaritermes in the United States. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 35:67-69.
(Kalotermes (Calcaritermes) nearcticus, n. sp.)

Termites in buildings. The Military Engineer 25( 143) :397-399.

Injury to buildings by termites. U.S. Dept. Agr. Leaflet No. 101, pp.
1-8. (Revised 1936.)

A new species of Brazilian termite, featuring an intermediate soldier-
worker individual. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 46:161-166. (Nasutitermes
(N.) myersi, n. sp.)

Termites. In: Kofoid, C. A., et al., Termites and termite control, Chap-
ters 16, 23, 29, 30, 36, 54, Univ. Calif. Press Berkeley.

Two new termites from Costa Rica. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 47:95-98.
(Kalotermes (Glyptotermes ) bilobatus, n. sp., Anoplotermes ( Anoplo-
termes) pyriformis, n. sp.)

New termites from India. Indian Forest Records 20:1-28. (Kalotermes
(Cryptotermes) bengalensis, n. sp., Macrotermes (Macrotermes)
serrulatus, n. sp., Termes (Cyclotermes) latigula, n. sp., T. (C.)
orissae, n. sp., Nasutitermes (Nasutitermes) emersoni, n. sp., N.
( Trinervitermes ) indicus, n. sp., N. (T.) longinotus, n. sp., N. ( Hospi-
talitermes) birmanicus, n. sp., N. (H.) jepsoni, n. sp., N. (H.)
madrasi, n. sp., Amitermes (Globitermes) biramicus, n. sp., Mirotermes
(Mirotermes) marjoriae, n. sp., Microerotermes cameroni, n. sp., M.
crassus, n. sp.)

Termite control. The Exterminators’ Log 2(10):5-6.

Flying termites sure sign. Railway Engineering and Maintenance 31(4):
235-236.

An introduced anobiid beetle destructive to houses in the Gulf states.
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 48:59-60.

Termites and termite control. Proc. 20th Annual Convention Building
Officials Conference of America, May 27-31, Indianapolis, Ind., pp.
70-78.

Termite control. Wood Preserving News 13(9):115-119, 128.

What, where, when, and why are termites? Southern Forest. Expt. Sta.
Occ. Paper No. 52, pp. 1-6.

Termite research in the United States. Skyscraper Management 29(11):
5-6; The Exterminators’ Log 3(12):7-8.

Our enemy the termite. 196 pp. Comstock Publishing Co., Ithaca, N.Y.
(Revised and reissued, 1948).

Injury to black locust seedlings in forest nurseries in Mississippi and
Arkansas by the lesser cornstalk borer. Louisiana Conservation Review
5(1):10-11.

Termites. An outline of the problem and research by the Bureau of
Entomology in combating termite infestation. Soap 12(4):92-94,
103.

Termite questions answered. Chemical Industries 38(4):395-396.

Barkbeetles in relation to selective cutting. Southern Pine Forestry Notes
No. 24.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL, 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

Provisions for building codes for insuring protection from termites. The
Lumber Co-Operator 20(9):40, 42.

The termites of Louisiana and their control. Louisiana Conservation
Review 5(4) :26-33.

Damage to young pines by a leaf-cutting ant (Atta texana Buckley) in
Louisiana. Louisiana Conservation Review 6(1):14—17.

Review. Termite City by A. E. Emerson and E. Fish. Proc. Ent. Soc.
Wash. 39:240.

Insurance against termites. Worcester Business 1(18):13—-14; East St.
Louis Today 6(4):17-18; Hamtramek Today 3(9):17-18.

The termite problem and recent research. The Exterminators’ Log 6(3):
6-9.

In: Hyslop, 1938, p. 43. (Money loss by termite damage, 1934, build-
ings, U.S.)

Isoptera, family Rhinotermitidae, Reticulitermes creedi, n. sp. In: Car-
penter, F. M., et al., Fossil Insects from the Creede Formation, Colo-
rado. Psyche 55:109-110.

The present status of the Lyctus problem. Yearbook National Hard-
wood Lumber Assoc., pp. 84-90.

Questions on subterranean termites and their control answered. Pests
7(1):7-9.

Subterranean termites. Southern Forest Expt. Sta., Southern Forestry
Notes No. 28.

The browning of the needles of young yellow pine trees in the Gulf
states by a leaf-feeding beetle (Colaspis pini Barber). Southern Lum-
berman 160( 2020) :46.

Control of ambrosia beetles. Southern Forest Expt. Sta., Southern
Forestry Notes No. 39.

Powder-post beetles and their control. Pests 12(4):8, 27-31.

A small dark-colored new Kalotermes from Guatemala. Proc. Ent. Soc.
Wash. 48:158-160. (K. nigritus, n. sp.)

The subterranean termite. Pest Control and Sanitation 2(2):8-13.

Panama test house immune to termite attack after 21 years. Wood
Preserving News 25(5):36-38.

Do you worry about termites? Better Homes and Gardens 25(10):144—
147.

Cooperation with the pest control industry. Pests 15(9):12.

Our enemy the termite. 261 pp. Comstock Publishing Co., Ithaca, N.Y.
Revised Ed.

Insects in wood products. Trees. U.S. Dept. Agr. Yearbook, 1949, pp.
432-436.

A new Miocene Ulmeriella ( Fossil Isoptera, Hodotermitidae ). Proc. Ent.
Soc. Wash. 51:164-165. (U. latahensis, n. sp.)

Catalog of the termites of the world. Smithsonian Misc. Col. 112:1-490.
(Dolichorhinotermes Snyder and Emerson, n. gen., Parastylotermes
Snyder and Emerson, n. gen.; other new genera credited to Emerson. )

Future needs in termite and borer control. Pests 17(11):24.

The termites. Isoptera. In: Burton, M., ed., The story of animal life,
v. 1, Invertebrates, pp. 264-272, Elsevier Publ. Co., London.

1950.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972 297

Recent advancements in termite and borer control. Pest Control 18(2):
12-14.

Termites (The Isoptera). In: Craighead, F. C., Insect Enemies of
Eastern Forests, U.S. Dept. Agr. Misc. Pub. 657, pp. 85-93.

The fossil termites (Isoptera) of the United States, and their living
relatives. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 52:190-193.

Obituary. Herbert Spencer Barber—1882-1950. Coleopterists’ Bull. 4:
50-59.

Note. (Resistant woods, South America). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 52:
205.

Control of nonsubterranean termites. U.S. Dept. Agr. Farmers’ Bull.
2018, pp. 1-16. (Reprinted, 1958).

“Roadblocks” for sub control. Pest Control 19(2):28.

Will your house be invaded? Better Homes and Gardens 29(8):237,
250; 261.

Control of the large carpenter bee Xylocopa. Pest Control 19(9):32, 34.

Wholesale death of a West Indian termite. Pest Control 19(11):31-32.

Review. Popularizing entomology. “Insects in your life,” by C. H.
Curran, Science 73:65.

How to distinguish wood-boring insects by their frass. Pest Control
20(1):28:

Zootermopsis angusticollis (Hagen) infesting Douglas-fir lumber at
Phila., Pa. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 54:56.

The arsenic hazard in termite control. Pest Control 20(3):34, 48.

Prevention of reinfestation by wood-boring insects after fumigation of
buildings. Pest Control 20(5):30.

Detection of termites by microphones. Pest Control 20(7 ):33-34.

Non-subterranean termites at home and abroad. Pest Control 20(9):23,
26.

Chemicals and wood preservatives. Pest Control 20(11):30.

Past termite research predicts future trends. Pest Control 20(12):14,
16, 18.

A new Rugitermes from Guatemala. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 54:303-305.
(R. unicolor, n. sp.)

Know your termites and local incidence of infestation. Pest Control
21(1):27-28.

Termite biological notes. Pest Control. 21(3):40.

Specifications for termite-proofing buildings to be constructed on con-
crete slabs. Pest Control 21(5):30.

Insect oddities. Pest Control 21(7):40-41.

Shelter tubes. Pest Control 21(9):34, 36.

Trouble shooting. Pest Control 21(11):30.

Unusual insect damage. Pest Control 22(1):27-28.

Note. Zootermopsis introduced into eastern U.S. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.
56:47.

The termites (order Isoptera) of the United States and Canada. 64 pp.
National Pest Control Association, New York.

Large Pacific coast damp-wood termite introduced into the East. Pest
Control 22(3):33-34.

298

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

Damage to wood by fly maggots. Pest Control 22(5):40, 42.

Insect detection. Pest Control 22(7):38.

Two borers with unusual habits. Pest Control 22(9):30, 32, 34.

1954 termite notes. Pest Control 22(11):28.

Termites. In: Greathouse, G. A. 1954, Deterioration of materials, Rein-
hold Publ. Corp., N.Y., pp. 204-211.

Introduced wood borers. Pest Control 23(1):28.

Fossil termites. Pest Control 23(2):32.

Termite attack on plastics and fabrics. Pest Control 23(3):48, 56.

A new fossil termite (Parastylotermes frazieri) from California. Proc.
Ent. Soc. Wash. 57:79-80.

Borers through metal. Pest Control 23(5):28, 30.

Here are some hazards of slab-on-grade construction. Wood Construc-
tion and Building Materialist 41(6):20, 21.

Colonizing termites. Pest Control 23(7):50, 66.

Northward termite migration? Pest Control 23(9):28, 30.

Help wanted. Pest Control 23(11):30.

Anoplotermes brucei, new species from Bolivia. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.
57:300.

Termite control in Venezuela. Pest Control 24(1):36.

Warning: Rackets. Pest Control 24(2):26.

30-year test proves treated wood building is termite-proof. Wood Pre-
serving News 34(6):18.

Termite exposure test. Wood Preserving News 34(6):20, 27.

Termites of the West Indies, the Bahamas and Bermuda (Isoptera).
Univ. Puerto Rico Jour. Agr. 40(3):189-202.

Cupes and Daedalia. The Coleopterists’ Bull. 10:20.

An annotated, subject-heading bibliography of termites 1350 B.C. to
A.D. 1954. Smithsonian Misc. Col. 130( 4258) :1-305.

Subterranean termites and ships. Pest Control 25(1):30.

A new Neotermes from Panama (Isoptera, Kalotermitidae). Proc. Ent.
Soc. Wash. 58:352. (N. setifer, n. sp.)

Termite control. Bull. Ent. Soc. Amer. 3(1):3.

Colony formation by supplementary reproductives of eastern Reticuli-
termes. Bull. Ent. Soc. Amer. 3(1):38-39.

A new Rugitermes from Bolivia (Isoptera, Kalotermitidae). Proc. Ent.
Soc. Wash. 59:81-82. (R. laticollis, n. sp.)

Note. Subterranean termites and ships. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 59:92.

Review. The biology of colony formation in Reticulitermes hesperus
Banks, by F. M. Weesner. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 50:294.

Death thinning our ranks of world’s foremost isopterists. Pest Control
25(6):42, 44.

Authority cites northern spread of termites abroad. Pest Control 25( 10):
70.

Termites. Fifth Annual Calif. Poly. Pest Control Conference, Calif.
State Polytechnic College, Pomona. Dec. 13-14, 1957, pp. 1-16.

Two new Glyptotermes from the Phillippines. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.
60:229-231. (G. franciae, n. sp., G. magasaysayi, n. sp.)

Alien termite infests Houston waterfront. Pest Control 27(2):6.

1968.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972 299

Note. Northward spread of Reticulitermes species in United States and
Europe. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 61:40.

Review. The Minimum Property Standards, Federal Housing Adminis-
tration. Anon. 1958. Bull. Ent. Soc. Amer. 5(1):50.

New termites from Venezuela, with keys and a list of the described
Venezuelan species. Amer. Midland Nat. 61:313-321. (Neotermes
araguaensis, n. sp., Anoplotermes franciscoi, n. sp., Velocitermes boli-
vari, n. sp.)

Fossil termites from Tertiary amber of Chiapas, Mexico. Jour. Paleon-
tology 34:493-494.

Isoptera. In: McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology,
pp. 284-288.

Supplement to annotated, subject-heading bibliography of termites
1955-1960. Smithsonian Misc. Col. 143( 4463) : 1-137.

Abstracts. Termite research around the world. Pest Control 30(2):48,
50.

Review. Termites; their recognition and control, by W. V. Harris. Bull.
Ent. Soc. Amer. 8(1):50.

Review. Silent Spring, by R. Carson. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 64:233-234.

Review. The insect factor in wood decay, by N. E. Hickin. Proc. Ent.
Soc. Wash. 65:13.

The foundation of new termite colonies by supplementary reproductives
of species of Reticulitermes. Symposia Genetica et Biologica Italica
11:175-179. Atti IV Congr. U.I.E.I.S.-Pavia, 9-14 Sept. 1961.

Our native termites. General Appendix Annual Report Smithsonian
Institution 1964, pp. 497-506.

Termite stowaways intercepted 1962 to 1966. P.C.O. News 26(4):73.

Review. The termites of the United States. A handbook, by F. M.
Weesner. Bull. Ent. Soc. Amer. 12(2):231.

Second supplement to the annotated, subject-heading bibliography of
termites 1961-1965. Smithsonian Misc. Col. 152(4705):1-188, 188

Pp.

Snyder, T. E. and Francia, F. G.

1962.

1961.

1935.

1923.

1949.

A summary of the Philippine termites with supplementary biological
notes. Philippine Jour. Sci. 89:63-77.
+ Grats j. E.,.and Smith; MM: Re

Obituary. William M. Mann (1886-1960). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 63:
68-73.
, and Lamb, H. N.

Membracid girdling of young black locust seedlings in southern Lou-
isiana and Mississippi. Louisiana Conservation Review 4(6):9-10.
, Middleton, W., and Keen, F. P.

The progress of forest entomology in the United States. Jour. Econ.
Ent. 16:413-420.
, and Miller, J. M

Obituary. Andrew Delmar Hopkins—1857—1948. Jour. Econ. Ent. 42:
868-869.

300 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

, and Popenoe, E. P.

1932. The founding of new colonies by Reticulitermes flavipes Kol. Proc. Biol.
Soc. Wash. 45:153—-158.

, and Reed, W. D.

1949. Deterioration of wood by insects and similar organisms. Office of Naval
Research and National Research Council, pp. 1-14.

, and St. George, R. A.

1924. Determination of temperature fatal to the powder-post beetle, Lyctus
planicollis LeConte, by steaming infested ash and oak lumber in a
kiln. Jour. Agr. Res. 28:1033-1038.

, and Shannon, R. C.
1919. Notes on the insect fauna of bank swallows’ nests in Virginia. Proc.
Ent. Soc. Wash. 21:110-112.
————., Shepard, H. H., and Clarke, J. F. G.
1955. Obituary. Austin Hobart Clark. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 57:83-88.
———., Wetmore, A., and Porter, B. A.

1960. Obituary. James Zetek 1886-1959. Jour. Econ. Ent. 52:1231—-1232.
, and Zetek, J.

1924. Damage by termites in the Canal Zone and Panama and how to prevent
it. U.S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 1232, pp. 1-26.

1934. In: Kofoid, 1934, 2nd ed. The termite fauna of the Canal Zone, Pan-
ama, and its economic significance, pp. 342-346. Tests of wood pre-
servatives to prevent termite attack, conducted by the Bur. Ent., U.S.
Dept. Agr., pp. 432-447.

1941. Test house on Barro Colorado Island resists termites and decay. Wood
Preserving News 19(7):80-82.

1943. The effectiveness of wood preservatives in preventing attack by termites.
U.S. Dept. Agr. Circ. No. 683, pp. 1-24.

1948. Inspection of test buildings treated for termites on Barro Colorado
Island, Canal Zone, Panama. Pests 16(3):8, 10, 12, 14.

Banks, N. and Snyder, T. E.

1920. A revision of Nearctic termites with notes on biology and geographic
distribution. Smithsonian Institution, U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 108, 228
pp. (Kalotermes approximatus, n. sp.; all other new taxa are credited
to Banks. )

Burke, H. E., Hartmand, R. D., and Snyder, T. E.
1922. The lead cable borer or “short-circuit beetle” in California. U.S. Dept.
Agr. Bull. 1107, pp. 1-56.
Cockerell, T. D. A. and Snyder, T. E.
1925. A fossil termite from Germany. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 38:21—22.
Termite synonymy—Ulmeriella bauckhorni Meunier and Macrohodo-
termes Fuller. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 38:86.
Dietz, H. F. and Snyder, T. E.

1923. Biological notes on the termites of the Canal Zone and adjoining parts

of the Republic of Panama. Jour. Agr. Res. 26:279-302.
Hopkins, A. D. and Snyder, T. E.

1917. Powder-post damage by Lyctus beetles to seasoned wood. U.S. Dept.

Agr. Farmers’ Bull. 778, pp. 1-20.

1921.

Hunt, G.
1930.

1931.
1932.
1933.
1934.
1935.
1936.
1937.
1938.
1939.
1940.
1941.
1942.
1943.
1944.
1945.
1946.
1947.
1948.
1949.

1952.

Lewis, B.

1944.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

301

Powder-post damage to timber and wood products. Engineering News-

Record 87(7):269-271.
M. and Snyder, T. E.

An international termite exposure test. First progress rept. Proc.

Ann. Meeting Amer. Wood-Preserv. Assoc. 26:318-334.
An international termite exposure test. Second progress report.
27th Ann. Meeting Amer. Wood-Preserv. Assoc. 27:279-286.

An international termite exposure test. Third progress rept. Proc.

Ann. Meeting Amer. Wood Preserv. Assoc. 28:289-297.

An international termite exposure test. Fourth progress rept. Proc.

Ann. Meeting Amer. Wood Preserv. Assoc. 29:398-410.

An international termite exposure test. Fifth progress rept. Proc.

Ann. Meeting Amer. Wood Preserv. Assoc. 30:398—409.

An international termite exposure test. Sixth progress rept. Proc.
Ann. Meeting Amer. Wood Preserv. Assoc. 31:264—276.

An international termite exposure test. Seventh progress rept.
32nd Ann. Meeting Amer. Wood Preserv. Assoc. 32:476—488.

An international termite exposure test. Eighth progress rept.
33rd Ann. Meeting Amer. Wood Preserv. Assoc. 33:279-290.

An international termite exposure test. Ninth progress rept. Proc,

Ann. Meeting Amer. Wood Preserv. Assoc. 34:301-315.

An international termite exposure test. Tenth progress rept. Proc.

Ann. Meeting Amer. Wood Preserv. Assoc. 35:350-361.

An international termite exposure test. Eleventh progress rept.
36th Ann. Meeting Amer. Wood Preserv. Assoc. 36:378-391.
An international termite exposure test. Twelfth progress rept.
37th Ann. Meeting Amer. Wood Preserv. Assoc. 37:379-391.
An international termite exposure test. Thirteenth progress rept.
38th Ann. Meeting Amer. Wood Preserv. Assoc. 38:450-462.
An international termite exposure test. Fourteenth progress rept.
39th Ann. Meeting Amer. Wood Preserv. Assoc. 39:74-89.

An international termite exposure test. Fifteenth progress rept.
40th Ann. Meeting Amer. Wood Preserv. Assoc. 40:223-239.
An international termite exposure test. Sixteenth progress rept.
41st Ann. Meeting Amer. Wood Preserv. Assoc. 41:189-204.
An international termite exposure test. Seventeenth progress rept.
42nd Ann. Meeting Amer. Wood Preserv. Assoc. 42:317-332.
An international termite exposure test. Eighteenth progress rept.
43rd Ann. Meeting Amer. Wood Preserv. Assoc. 43:381-396.
An international termite exposure test. Nineteenth progress rept.
44th Ann. Meeting Amer. Wood Preserv. Assoc. 44:392—406.
An international termite exposure test. Twentieth progress rept.
45th Ann. Meeting Amer. Wood Preserv. Assoc. 45:382-389.
An international termite exposure test. Twenty-first progress rept.

48th Ann. Meeting Amer. Wood Preseryv. Assoc. 48:314—327.
and Snyder, T. E.
Termite interview. Pests 12(5):16—20.

26th

Proc.

28th

29th

30th

31st

Proc.

Proc.

34th

35th

Proc.

Proc.

Proc.

Proc.

Proc.

Proc.

Proc.

Proc.

Proc.

Proc.

Proc.

302 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

Mosier, C. A. and Snyder, T. E.
1918. Notes on gadflies in the Florida Everglades. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 20:
115-126.
1919. Notes on the seasonal activity of Tabanidae in the Lower Everglades.
Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 21:189-196.
Rossi, R. T. and Snyder, T. E.
1934. In: Report of Committee XVII, Wood Preservation. Bull. 363, Amer.
Ry. Eng. Assoc., appendix E(5), Destruction by termites and possible
ways of prevention, pp. 755-756.
Thompson, C. B. and Snyder, T. E.
1919. The question of the phylogenetic origin of termite castes. Biol. Bull.
36(2):115-129.
1920. The “third form,” the wingless reproductive type of termite; Reticuli-
termes and Prorhinotermes. Jour. Morphology 34:591-627.

THE GENUS ACROMETOPIA SCHINER IN NORTH AMERICA
(DieTERA: CHAMAEMYIIDAE )

McAlpine (1965. U.S.D.A. Handbook 276:707) lists only one species of
Acrometopia for America north of Mexico, A. punctata Coquillett, with Trigono-
metopus reticulatus Johnson as a synonym. This synonymy was first brought
forth by Sturtevant (1923. Amer. Mus. Nov. 76:4). I have examined the types
of both species, as well as the additional material listed below, and I am convinced
that they represent distinct species separable as follows.

Key to NortH AMERICAN SPECIES OF Acrometopia SCHINER

Wing with brown borders of posterior crossvein (im) continued to costa as a
band, more or less divided anteriorly; tarsus and apical *% of tibia of foreleg
blackis hyy22 2e2:cervne. sP eigen BoA eet shee Pe A. punctata Coquillett

Wing with markings consisting of seams along crossveins and transverse bars
in the cells, the marks rarely coinciding with any in an adjacent cell; foretarsus
with at least basitarsus and second segment yellowish; foretibia wholly yellowish
Eee et RE EAE OE KY, iF ART STERN at De EISSN A. reticulata (Johnson)

Besides the type of A. punctata, a 2 specimen from “S. Georgia ( Morrison)”
in the U.S. National Museum, only a ¢ specimen from Saraland, Mobile County,
Alabama, October 26, 1916, cited by Sturtevant (l.c.) and now in the U.S. Na-
tional Museum, has been seen.

The type of A. reticulata, a 2 specimen from Crescent City, Florida, April 1908
(M. C. Van Duzee), and another @ specimen from Royal Palm Park, Florida,
March 20—April 4 (W. S. Blatchley), are in the Museum of Comparative Zoology,
Harvard University. There are in the U.S. National Museum 6 ¢ and 2 @ speci-
mens of A. reticulata from Hialeah, Florida, 5 October 1970, swept from grass
(Carl E. Stegmaier, Jr.).

GEoRGE C. STEYSKAL, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, c/o U.S. National Museum, Washington,
D.C. 20560.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972 303

NOTES ON THE GENUS SUILLIA IN MEXICO, WITH
THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES

(DiererRA: HELEOMYZIDAE )

GrorGE C. STEYSKAL, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural
Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture?

ABSTRACT—Suillia valleyi, new species, is described and a key to the species
of Suillia known to occur in Mexico is presented.

Four species of Suillia Robineau-Desvoidy were described from
Mexico more than 70 years ago (Gill, 1968:7), but apparently no speci-
men of 3 of them (S. distigma, S. polystigma, and S. punctulata, all
by Wulp, 1897) has been seen since and their only appearance in the
literature has been copies of the original descriptions and attempts
at placing them in keys on the basis of those descriptions (Aldrich and
Darlington, 1908; Czerny, 1904, 1924; Steyskal, 1944). The 4th species,
S. iniens (Giglio-Tos, 1893, 1895) has been accorded the same treat-
ment, except that Wulp recorded additional material at the same time
that he presented the descriptions of the other species.

Recently Karl Valley presented the U.S. National Museum with a
fine pair of Suillia iniens taken at Tenancingo, Mex., Mexico, elevation
2022 m, 2 August 1969 (K. Valley). There is in USNM also a speci-
men of S. iniens taken by O. S. Flint, Jr., at Tecojotes, Oaxaca, Mexico,
8 June 1967. Also taken by Mr. Valley at the same time he took the
S. iniens was a specimen of the new species described below.

As Wulp stated in 1897, S. iniens was well described for its time and
is quite recognizable. Czerny erred, however, in presuming that its
mesopleuron is bare. I am grateful to Brian H. Cogan, of the British
Museum (Natural History) for determining from the type specimens
that the mesopleuron of all of the Mexican species except S. punctulata
have hairs on the mesopleuron. In S. iniens there are numerous setae
on the posterior half of the mesopleuron. The black spot laterad of
the ocellar field (Czerny, 1924:10) consists of an infuscated border
around the frontal plates.

Suillia valleyi, n. sp.
(Fig. 1)

Female. Length of wing 5.5 mm. Body generally tawny, blackish as follows:
orbito-antennal spot; tip of palpus; apical 0.28 of fore, 0.25 of middle and hind
tibiae; subbasal annulus of hind tibia; preapical blotch on inner and lower side of
fore femur; rather small preapical blotch on lower side of middle and hind femora;

1 Mail address: c/o U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560.

304 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

Fig. 1. Suillia valleyi, n. sp.: wing.

more or less of apical part of 2nd and all of apical 3 segments of tarsi; border of
abdominal terga laterad of lateral bristles; rather narrow lateral margin of abdomi-
nal sterna. Brown markings are as follows: supracervical blotch; horizontal band
across occiput just above neck; margins of frontal plates; apical extension of
ocellar triangle; extreme base of fore coxa and margin of prosternal membranous
area; rather indistinct basal parts of all femora; complete band from lower side
of humerus to metathoracic spiracle; narrow median longitudinal mesoscutal stripe;
spots at base of dc bristles; irregular supra-alar stripe; fine dots at base of meso-
scutal setulae; postscutellar roll; broad but indistinctly margined median longi-
tudinal dorsal abdominal stripe.

Wing venation and color pattern as in fig. 1; humeral and costal cells and
middle part of wing generally tawny, markings dark brown, posterior part of wing
smoky.

Special chaetotaxy: aristal hairs spreading to distance equal to width of 3rd
antennal segment; posterior half of mesopleuron bearing numerous setulae; 5
setulae on anterior part of pteropleuron; dorsal surface of scutellum with numerous
setulae over entire surface; hind femur with 3 strong dorsal bristles, all apicad of
middle; row of anterior bristles in basal half of hind femur scarcely distinguishable
from surrounding setulae.

Holotype, female Route 55 at Tenancingo, Mex., Mexico, elevation
2022 m, 2 August 1969 (Karl R. Valley), no. 71491 in USNM.
The specific name is a genitive form of the collector’s name.

Key To MEXICAN SPECIES OF Suillia R.-D.

1 (2) Marginal cell of wing with row of 8 dark spots blending anteriorly with
dark costal border; Ist posterior cell with 5 dark median spots; hairs
present on mesopleuron; hairs of arista very short ——_______-_______-_____--

poet ice het DHetledsl Noh d Rees Sheen Sette S. polystigma (Wulp)

2 (1) Marginal cell beyond pterostigma more or less uniformly darkened, at
most with ill-defined preapical pale area; 1st posterior cell without
or with only 2 median spots.

PROG. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL, 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972 305

3 (6) Ist posterior cell without median spots, or with only light brown streak;
mesopleuron haired or bare.

4 (5) Ist posterior cell without median streak, with broad dark apical area;
darkening on tp not extending laterally at either side along 4th vein;
mesopleuron bare; arista plumose S. punctulata (Wulp)

5 (4) Ist posterior cell with light brown median streak, preapical dark cloud,
and apical yellowish area; mesopleuron with hairs; arista short-
(OUMMNOS Ek a eae ee en S. iniens (Giglio-Tos )

6 (3) Ist posterior cell with 2 median spots; mesopleuron with hairs.

7 (8) Median spots of Ist posterior cell small and round; with dark spot in
middle of last section of 4th vein; arista nearly bare
oan Se We ee S. distigma (Wulp)

8 (7) Median spots of Ist posterior cell elongate-elliptical; last section of
4th vein with dark-bordered median zone narrowly connected with
brown seam of tp and with dark apex of wing; arista with long
TD UPTRENO SH Vee ees ae era ee ee A S. valleyi, n. sp.

REFERENCES

ALDRICH, J. M. and P. S. DARLINGTON. 1908. The dipterous family
Helomyzidae. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 34:67-100, pls. 3-4.

CZERNY, L. 1904. Revision der Helomyziden. I. Teil. Wien. Ent. Ztg. 23:
199-244, 263-286, pl. 2.

1924. Monographie der Helomyziden (Dipteren). Abhandl.
Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 15(1):1-166, pl. 1.

GIGLIO-TOS, E. 1893. Diagnosi di nuovi generi e di nuove specie di Ditteri.
Boll. Mus. Zool. ed Anat. Comp. (Univ. Torino) 8(147):1-11.

1895. Ditteri del Messico. Pt. 4. 74 pp., 1 pl. Torino. Also in
Mem. R. Accad. delle Sci. Torino 45 (Cl. di Sci. Fis., Mat. e Nat.):1-74, 1 pl.
(1896).

GILL, G. D. 1968. Family Heleomyzidae. In Vanzolini, E. P., and Papavero,
N.—A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States.
Dept. Zool., Sec. Agr., Sao Paulo, fasc. 85:1-13.

STEYSKAL, G. C. 1944. A key to the North American species of the genus
Suillia R.-D. (Diptera, Helomyzidae). Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 39:173-176.

WULP, F. M. VAN DER. 1897. Fam. Muscidae. In Godman, F. D., and
Salvin, O., eds——Biologia Centrali-Americana. Zoologia-Insecta-Diptera. Vol.
2, 489 pp., pls. 1-13, London. (The Heleomyzidae, pp. 351-354, are in a
section published in 1897).

306 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

NOTES ON THE GENUS NERTHRA, INCLUDING THE
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES

(HEMIPTERA: GELASTOCORIDAE )
Joun T. Potnemus, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder, Colorado 80304

ABSTRACT—Distribution records are given for Nerthra Say in Central and
North America, and Nerthra spangleri, n. sp. is described from Western Mexico.
The following new locality records are established: Nerthra manni Todd, Arizona;
Nerthra martini Todd, Sonora, Mexico; Nerthra hungerfordi Todd, Chiapas,
Mexico.

In this paper, distributional records are given for various species of
Nerthra Say collected in the Western United States, Mexico and Cen-
tral America. Nerthra spangleri, n. sp. is described from the West
Coast of Mexico, where it is apparently restricted to a narrow area
along the coast.

Upon correlating this work with Dr. E. L. Todd, I discovered that
he too was planning to publish on Nerthra spangleri, n. sp. He has
generously turned over to me the responsibility of describing this spe-
cies, and arranged for the loan of specimens under his care at the U.S.
National Museum (USNM).

Part of the material reported here was collected during an expedition
financed in part by the University of Colorado Museum (CU); the
remainder of the material is from the Polhemus collection (JTP).

Nerthra spangleri, n. sp.

Size——Male: Length, 5.8 to 6.9 mm; width of pronotum, 3.5 to 4.1 mm; width
of abdomen, 3.5 to 4.0 mm. Female: Length, 6.2 to 7.5 mm; width of pronotum,
3.8 to 4.6 mm; width of abdomen, 4.0 to 5.1 mm. (All specimens available were
measured. )

Color.—Light brown to dark blackish brown; some light colored specimens with
a distinct dark brown longitudinal stripe as wide as the scutellum starting at the
anterior margin of the pronotum and extending to the apex of the membrane,
lateral hemelytral margins dark also; posterior margins of the segments of the
connexivum pale yellowish brown; disc of pronotum pale to dark brown, often
mottled; posterior margins of hemelytra and pronotum usually mottled; ventral
surface mottled even in darkest specimens; legs pale brown, annulated with deep
brown.

Structural Characteristics—Apex of head slightly concavely excavated, a broad
tubercle on either side of the excavation; one weak lateral tubercle on each side;
a slight excavation between each eye and lateral tubercle; ocelli present. Pronotum
widest at the level of the transverse furrow, usually less than width of abdomen
but in some males slightly wider; lateral margins with median part weakly con-
cave, rarely straight, converging evenly along anterior third, postero-lateral angles
rounded. Scutellum wider than long (5:3), about two thirds the width of prono-

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972 307

¢

Fig. 1. Nerthra spangleri, n. sp.: A, right clasper, ¢ genitalia; B, abdominal
sternites, ¢; C, abdominal sternites, 9.

tum (5:8); depressed at basal angles; with small tumescence at apex. Hemelytra
extending beyond the end of the abdomen in normal specimens; lateral margin of
embolium usually faintly sinuate, weakly convex on basal third. Connexivum thinly
to broadly exposed in females, barely to broadly exposed in males. Abdominal
sternites 6-8 of female unsymmetrical, segment 7 with a lateral tumescence on
left side and an irregular transverse depression extending across the sternite
medially; shape of sternites and ovipositor lobes shown in fig. 1 C. Abdominal
sternites of male as shown in fig. 1 B; clasper of male without processes (fig. 1 A).

Material examined.—Holotype male (USNM 71445) and allotype
female, Mexico, Sinaloa, Mazatlan, VIJ-17-23-1963, P. J. Spangler, in
U.S. National Museum.

Paratypes: Mexico: Same data as holotype above, 7 44,17 2° 2,1
nymph (USNM); Sinaloa, Mazatlan, CL1021, IV-21-1964, J. T. &
M. S. Polhemus, 9 ¢¢, 7 22, 3 nymphs (CU); Sinaloa, Mazatlan,
CL1208, V-31-1966, J. T. Polhemus, 11 é¢, 8 22, 3 nymphs (JTP);
Sonora, no date or collector, P. R. Uhler collection, 1 ¢ (USNM);
Colima, Santiago, CL1227, XI-25-1968, J. T. Polhemus, 2 ¢¢ (JTP).

Two paratypes will be deposited in the collections of the Snow
Entomological Museum at Lawrence, Kansas and two in the California
Academy of Sciences, San Francisco; other paratypes will be found

308 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

in the collections of the University of Colorado, U.S. National Museum
and J. T. Polhemus.

Comparative notes.—Nerthra spangleri n. sp. is most closely related
to N. parvula (Signoret) from Chile, and the Sonora specimen was
included under this species in Todd’s monograph. In parvula the apex
of the head is weakly produced, and there is no tumescence on the
last female sternite; in spangleri, the apex of the head is concave with
two superapical tubercles, there is a strong tumescence on the left
side of the last female sternite, the female sternites are differently
shaped and the last abdominal segment of the male is larger than in
parvula.

This species is named in honor of Dr. Paul J. Spangler who collected
a series of these bugs at the request of Dr. Todd.

Nerthra hungerfordi Todd

Nerthra hungerfordi Todd, 1955, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 37, pt. 1(11):398 (Costa
Rica).

This species is listed by Todd (1955, 1961) as occurring from Guate-
mala to Panama, but this is the first record for Mexico.

Material examined.—Mexico: Chiapas, Puente la Flor, CL1247,
XII—-19-1969, J. T. Polhemus, 25 ¢ 6, 21 9? (JTP).

Nerthra manni Todd

Nerthra manni Todd, 1955, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 37, pt. 1(11):396 (Guerrero,
Mex. ).

Todd (1955) noted that N. manni had been found in the crop of a
chicken at Nogales, Arizona on the mexican border. He speculated
that it might be found in Arizona, but the record below is the first
definite record for the U.S.

Material examined.—Arizona: Patagonia, CL1200, V—27-1966, J. T.
Polhemus, 1 ¢, 3 22%. Mexico: Jalisco, 15 mi. S. Ixtlan del Rio,
CL1029, 22 April 1964, J. T. & M. S. Polhemus, 7 63, 4 22 (CU);
Sinaloa, Mazatlan, C11205, V-31-1966, J. T. Polhemus, 1 é (JTP).

Nerthra martini Todd
Nerthra martini Todd, 1954. Pan-Pac. Ent. 30(2):113, figs. 1, 5 (California).

Todd (1955) in his monograph on Gelastocoridae listed two in-
definite Arizona records for this species; the record below seems to be
the first definite one for the state. While records exist (Todd, 1954)
for the species in Baja California, the Sonoran locality given here is
the first for the mexican mainland east of the Gulf of Lower California.
The Nevada record is also apparently new, and I am indebted to Dr.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972 309

Chapman for this material. The record of Nerthra fuscipes G.-M. from
Nevada by La Rivers (1953) probably pertains to this species.

Material examined.—Arizona: Patagonia CL1200, V-27-1966, J. T.
Polhemus, 1 ¢, (JTP). California: E. of Fresno, Wonder Canyon, IV—
28-1962, J. T. Polhemus, many specimens; China Ranch, Tecopa,
C1302, X-5-1964, J. T. Polhemus, 1 ¢, 1 nymph (JTP); Death Valley,
Saratoga Springs, CL303, X-5-1964, J. T. Polhemus, 2 22, 1 nymph
(JTP). Nevada: Ash Meadows, VI-24-1959, H. C. Chapman, 1 2,1 &
(JTP). Mexico: Sonora, Santa Ana, CL1201, V—28-1966, J. T.
Polhemus, 1/2 (JTP):

Nerthra mexicana (Melin)

Mononyx mexicanus Melin, 1929. Zool. Bidrag Fran Uppsala 12:187, figs. 80-3
(Mexico).

Material examined—Mexico: Chiapas, Puente la Flor, CL1247,
XIJ-19-1969, J. T. Polhemus, 1 2 (JTP); Chiapas, Rio Sesecapa,
CL1248, XII-19-1969, J. T. Polhemus, 1 ¢, 1 2 (JTP); Oaxaca,
Tequisistlan, CL1066, IV-30-1964, J. T. & M. S. Polhemus, 2 ¢ 6,1 2,
3 nymphs (CU); Veracruz, Rio Paso de Ovejas, CL513, I-6-1971, J. T.
& M.S. Polhemus, 1 2, (JTP).

Nerthra fuscipes (Guerin-Meneville )

Mononyx fuscipes Guerin-Meneville 1843. Rev. Zool. Travaux Ined. 6:114
(Colombia ).

This species is by far the most abundant one occurring in Eastern
and Southern Mexico and Central America, judging from Todd’s
records (1955) and my collecting.

Material examined—Mexico: Oaxaca, 29 mi. W. of Tequisistlan,
CL1064, IV-30-1964, J. T. & M. S. Polhemus, 18 44, 12 22 (CU);
Veracruz, 16 mi. S. La Tinaja, C1505, I-4-1971, J. T. & M. S. Polhemus,
1 2 (JTP); Veracruz, Conejos, C1514, I-6-1971, J. T. & M. S. Polhe-
mus, 18 64, 21 92 (JTP). Nicaragua: N. of Esteli, C11262, XII-
Do=tOGGwa 615502 2.9) (TP).

REFERENCES

LA RIVERS, I. 1953. New gelastocorid and naucorid records and miscellaneous
notes, with a description of the new species, Ambrysus amargosus (Hemiptera:
Naucoridae ). Wasmann Jour. Biol. 11( 1) :83-96.

TODD, E. L. 1954. New species of Nerthra from California (Hemiptera:
Gelastocoridae). Pan-Pac. Ent. 30(2):113-117.

1955. <A taxonomic revision of the family Gelastocoridae (Hemip-
tera). Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 37, pt. 1(11):277-475.

1961. A checklist of the Gelastocoridae (Hemiptera). Proc.
Hawaiian Ent. Soc. 17(3):461—467.

310 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

THE TYPES OF NEOTROPIC ICHNEUMONIDAE
IN THE TRANSVAAL MUSEUM

Henry Townes, American Entomological Institute, 5950 Warren Road,
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105

ABSTRACT—Holotypes or lectotypes of 13 species of ichneumonids described
by Kriechbaumer from Brazil are in the Transvaal Museum. These belong to the
genera Enicospilus, Joppa, Stenolonche, Tetragonochora, and Thyreodon.

Joseph Kriechbaumer in the 1890’s described a number of South
American Ichneumonidae whose types have not been located in
European museums. In 1971, while studying the types of Ethiopian
Ichneumonidae in the Transvaal Museum (Pretoria, South Africa )
specimens were found that appeared to be some of the missing
Kreichbaumer types from South America. These were acquired by
the Transvaal Museum with the collection of Dr. Johannes Brauns.
They bore Kriechbaumer’s hand written labels, and red type labels
apparently affixed by Brauns. Dr. L. Vari, curator of the collection,
agreed to lend these specimens for a study that would determine
which of them were true types.

The subsequent study showed that all of these specimens labeled
as types are original holotypes or syntypes. In some cases lectotypes
have already been designated, these being specimens in Munich, Ber-
lin, or Vienna (Townes and Townes, 1966, Mem. Amer. Ent. Inst. 8:
996, 231, 233, 235, 246, 261, 275, 277, 286). In these cases the speci-
mens in Pretoria have become paratypes. In other cases the specimens
in Pretoria are the only types known.

Specimens where lectotypes are already designated in some other
museum and where those in Pretoria may be considered paratypes are
as follows:

Conopyge tibialis Kriechbaumer. Paratype 2, Santos, Brazil, Sept. 30, 1894,
Dr. Brauns. Lectotype in Vienna.

Macrojoppa confusa Kriechbaumer. Paratype 9, Ilha Grande, Brazil, July 10,
1893, Dr. Brauns. Lectotype in Berlin.

Macrojoppa fulva Kriechbaumer. Paratype ¢, Brazil, Dr. Brauns. Lectotype
in Berlin.

Microjoppa brunnii Kriechbaumer. Paratypes ¢, 92, Santos, Brazil, Feb. 2,
1894 and Apr. 2, 1894, Dr. Brauns. Lectotype in Berlin. Belongs in the genus
Joppa.

Microjoppa limbata Kriechbaumer. Paratypes 2 ¢, 1 @, Santos, Brazil, Jan.
10, 1894 and Aug. 29, 1894, Dr. Brauns. Lectotype in Vienna. A synonym of
Joppa geminata Kriechbaumer.

Microjoppa mesoxantha Kriechbaumer. Paratype 9, Santos, Brazil, Jan. 25,
1894, Dr. Brauns. Lectotype in Berlin. A synonym of Joppa geniculata Cameron.

Microjoppa polyxantha Kriechbaumer. Paratype ?, Santos, Brazil, Jan. 25, 1894,
Dr. Brauns. Lectotype in Berlin. A synonym of Joppa verticalis Fabricius.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL, 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972 Suu

Stenolonche varicolor Kriechbaumer. Paratype ¢, Santa Cruz, Rio Grande do
Sul, Brazil, Dr. Brauns. Lectotype in Vienna.

Tricyphus apicalis Kriechbaumer. Paratype @, Santa Cruz, Rio Grande do
Sul, Brazil, Dr. Brauns. Lectotype in Berlin.

Trogus pompeji Kriechbaumer. Paratype 2, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Dr. Brauns
(with pupa of Papilio pompejus from which it emerged). Lectotype in Munich.

Holotypes or lectotypes among the specimens in Pretoria are as
follows:

Eremotylus tenuigena Kriechbaumer. Holotype: 2, Santos, Brazil, Jan. 25,
1894, Dr. Brauns. Belongs in the genus Enicospilus and is closely related to E.
americanus.

Microjoppa braunsii Kriechbaumer. Lectotype: @ (lacking abdomen beyond
segment 4), Santos, Brazil, Sept. 30, 1894, Dr. Brauns. Paratype ¢, with same
data. Belongs in the genus Joppa.

Microjoppa dromedarius Kriechbaumer. Lectotype: 9, Santa Cruz, Rio Grande
do Sul, Brazil, Dr. Brauns. Paratype ¢, with same data. Belongs in the genus
Joppa.

Microjoppa furcifera Kriechbaumer. Holotype: @ (lacking head and most of
thorax and abdomen), Santos, Brazil, Nov. 23, 1893, Dr. Brauns. Belongs in the
genus Joppa.

Microjoppa fuscata Kriechbaumer. Holotype: ¢, Santos, Brazil, Dec. 13, 1891,
Dr. Brauns. Belongs in the genus Joppa.

Microjoppa hypoxantha Kriechbaumer. Holotype: ¢, Pernambuco, Brazil, Jan.
1, 1894, Dr. Brauns. Belongs in the genus Joppa.

Microjoppa linearis Kriechbaumer. Holotype: 92 (lacking abdomen beyond seg-
ment 3), Santa Cruz, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, Dr. Brauns. Belongs in the
genus Joppa.

Microjoppa mesopyrrha Kriechbaumer. Lectotype: ¢ (lacking most of head),
Santos, Brazil, Nov. 23, 1893, Dr. Brauns. Paratype ¢, Santa Cruz, Rio Grande
do Sul, Brazil, Dr. Brauns. Belongs in the genus Joppa.

Microjoppa noctilio Kriechbaumer. Holotype: ¢, Santos, Brazil, Sept. 30, 1894,
Dr. Brauns. A synonym of Joppa verticalis Fabricius (new synonym).

Microjoppa subvittata Kriechbaumer. Lectotype: @ (lacking head, prothorax,
and abdomen beyond segment 3), Santa Cruz, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, Dr.
Brauns. Another 2 (perhaps a paratype) is labeled Santa Cruz, Rio Grande do
Sul, Brazil, Fr. Stieglmayr. Belongs in the genus Joppa.

Stenolonche rufipectus Kriechbaumer. Holotype: ¢, Santa Cruz, Rio Grande
do Sul, Brazil, Dr. Brauns. A synonym of Stenolonche varicolor Kriechbaumer
(new synonym).

Tetragonochora metzii Kriechbaumer. Lectotype: @, Santa Cruz, Rio Grande
do Sul, Brazil, Dr. Brauns. Paratypes 6, 2, with same data.

Tipulophion gigas Kriechbaumer. Holotype: @, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Dr.
Brauns. Correct name: Thyreodon atriventris gigas Kriechbaumer.

Bibliographic references concerning all of the above names are to
be found in Townes and Townes, 1966, Mem. Amer. Ent. Inst. 8, 367

pages.

312 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF CHEYLETIDAE
( ACARINA )

Rosert L. SmMitey, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. 20250

and

G. L. Witi1aMs, Department of Entomology, University of Maryland,
College Park, Maryland 20742

ABSTRACT—Neochelacheles messersmithi, a new genus and species of
cheyletid mite, is described and illustrated. The species was collected in large
numbers from the punctations on the elytra and pronotum of the tenebrionid
Boletotherus cornutus (Panzer).

In a recent study by Summers and Price (1970) the genera of the
family Cheyletidae were redefined. Here another new genus is de-
scribed. Specimens were collected from the tenebrionid Boletotherus
cornutus (Panzer) initially found at Cranesville, West Virginia. This
new genus is similar to Chelacheles Baker (1958) which has no shields,
but differs by having two well-defined shields on the dorsum of the
idiosoma.

Neochelacheles, n. gen.

Palpal tarsus with one comblike and two sicklelike setae; palpal tibia with claw
bearing five strong pointed teeth. Protegmen and tegmen conspicuously orna-
mented with small alveoli and merged with rostrum. Eyes present, corneas almost
hemispherical. Dorsum of idiosoma slender and elongated; with two strongly
sclerotized shields consisting of longitudinal alveoli of different sizes and shapes
and covering propodosoma and hysterosoma. Each shield with six pairs of palmate-
serrate setae. Peritreme with six segments. Legs I-II and III-IV are widely
separated; legs IV point directly to rear of idiosoma. All tarsal claws smooth,
without basal projections, and with a padlike empodium with tenent hairs. So-
lenidion W I extremely long, longer than greatest diameter of tarsus; guard seta
shorter than W I, smooth, in duplex position. Anogenital apparatus relatively short;
two pairs of simple paragenital setae, three pairs of simple genitals, and two pairs
of serrate anals.

Type-species: Neochelacheles messersmithi, n. sp.

Neochelacheles messersmithi, n. sp.
(Figs. 1-6)

This species may be recognized by the long slender idiosoma with
two dorsal shields bearing longitudinal alveoli of irregular sizes and
shapes and with each shield possessing six pairs of subequal palmate-
serrate setae.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972 313

i \ ff
AW) ({ \
WMS) @

HEN yd
WN RC

iy

AH
Wl

wil
nl

AN\Ki

Wi
J

DOS VIA) Lin!

A

\We

>
233)

We
Sei
| Sh

NS

} i
Cu

Figs. 1-6. Neochelacheles messersmithi, n. gen., n. sp., 2: 1, dorsum; 2,
right leg I; 3, right leg II; 4, right leg III; 5, right leg IV; 6, venter, anogenital.

314 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

Female.—Palpal claw with five strongly pointed teeth; palpal tarsus with one
comblike seta with ten teeth, and two sicklelike setae. Rostrum almost triangular
in outline, surface with no obvious ornamentation. Protegmen and tegmen con-
spicuously ornamented with small alveoli and merged with rostrum. Peritremes
obtusely bent where short transverse segments give rise to much longer descending
segments, and with six segments on each side of tegmen. Two subequal shields
which cover entire dorsum of idiosoma, separated by fine striae transversely. One
pair of eyes present, corneas almost hemispherical. Fifteen pairs of subequal
palmate-serrate setae, including humerals, present on dorsum. Propodosomal
shield rectangular, with six pairs of palmate-serrate setae, and densely ornamented
with longitudinal alveoli of different shapes and sizes.

Hysterosomal shield subtriangular in shape, narrowing posteriorly; with six
pairs of subequal palmate-serrate setae and longitudinal alveoli of different sizes
and shapes. Legs I-II and III-IV widely separated; tarsal claws smooth and with
a padlike empodium with tenent hairs. Setae on coxae I-IV 2-1-2-2, as figured.
Anogenital apparatus relatively short; two pairs of subequal, simple paragenital
setae, three pairs of subequal, simple genital setae, and two pairs of serrate anal
setae, outer pair longer than inner pair. Length of body including gnathosoma
439 uw; width 120 wu.

Male.—Unknown.

The female holotype, USNM No. 3470, was collected from the
tenebrionid Boletotherus cornutus (Panzer) which was taken from an
errarium, Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College
Park, Maryland on 1 April, 1971, by G. L. Williams. Paratypes. Thirty
paratypes and many unmounted specimens with the same data.

Initially adults and pupae of this tenebrionid were collected from
a large shelf fungus on an Eastern Hemlock stump at “Famous Swamp,”
Cranesville, West Virginia, on 14 June, 1970, by the junior author. The
fungus bearing the beetles was placed in an established twenty-gallon
errarium containing wood soil and organic matter and sealed by a
glass top to prevent the escape of arthropods. The constant high hu-
midity and rich substrate provided ideal conditions for the rapid
growth and reproduction of organisms confined therein. This errarium
contains other arthropods introduced over the past years. Cissidae,
Passalidae, with associated mites, Entomobryidae, Collembola, Spiro-
bolidae, and Diplopoda are among those present. None of these ani-
mals was found to harbor this particular species of mite, although a
few have their own species of mite. On 1 April, 1971, a deformed B.
cornutus was collected from the errarium. Both elytra were shortened
and twisted away from the body. Neochelacheles messersmithi covered
most of the dorsum and extended down to the sides, with a few on
the ventral surface. In May other specimens of cornutus were collected
from the errarium; all of these had normal wings and fewer specimens
of messersmithi. This orange-yellow mite seems in normal concentra-
tions to prefer the punctations on the elytra and pronotum near the
front of the body.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972 315

The species is named for Dr. D. H. Messersmith, a dedicated pro-
fessor of Entomology, at the University of Maryland in College Park.

REFERENCES

BAKER, E. W. 1958. Chelacheles strabismus, a new genus and species of mite
from Portugal. (Acarina, Cheyletidae). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 60(5):234-235.

SUMMERS, F. M. and D. W. PRICE. 1970. Review of the mite family Cheylet-
idae. Univ. Calif. Pub. Ent. 61:1-153.

ON THE PUERTO RICAN MOTH GENUS APHANOSARA FORBES
(LEPIDOPTERA: COSMOPTERIGINAE )

In 1931 (Jour. Dept. Agr. Puerto Rico 15:361), W. T. M. Forbes described a
new Puerto Rican moth for which he erected the generic name Aphanosara, type-
species planistes Forbes. Forbes assigned the genus to the Hawaiian group
“Diplosaridae” of Meyrick, and he said (p. 362) that it was “the only Diplosarid
in the restricted sense known to me outside of Hawaii.”

During the writing of my volumes on the Microlepidoptera of Hawaii (in press),
I had occasion to investigate the Aphanosara problem, and I can report that
Aphanosara does not belong to the so-called “Diplosaridae” and that it bears no
relationship to the Hawaiian fauna as supposed by Forbes. Aphanosara is a nor-
mal member of the Cosmopteriginae of America.

The only other non-Hawaiian genus which, to my knowledge, has been referred
to the “Diplosaridae” is the New Zealand Irenicodes Meyrick, 1919 (which Forbes
excusably overlooked). I have shown (1971. New Zealand Ent. 5:53) that
Meyrick’s family placement of Irenicodes was erroneous, and the type-species is
a typical “elachistid” which in no way is allied to any part of the Hawaiian fauna.

Almost any attempt to use the literature on most groups of Lepidoptera for
biogeographical studies or conclusions is doomed to failure because of erroneous
taxonomy.

Written during the tenure of a grant from the National Science Foundation.

ELwoop C. ZIMMERMAN, Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii 96818.

316 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

A REDESCRIPTION OF HEMIGYMNASPIS EUGENIAE (LINDINGER)'?
(HomopTEerA: DIASPIDIDAE )

Joun A. Davinson, Department of Entomology, University of Maryland,
College Park, Maryland 20742

ABSTRACT—A _lectotype is designated for Hemigymnaspis eugeniae
(Lindinger). The adult female is figured for the first time, redescribed, and
transferred from Melanaspis to the monotypic genus Hemigymnaspis Lindinger
which is diagnosed.

Lindinger (1934) described Melanaspis (Hemigymnaspis ) eugeniae
from Eugenia cordata, Puerto Rico. Ferris (1942) in discussing M.
eugeniae noted, “It is impossible to draw any satisfactory conclusions
concerning the species on the basis of the published description.” He
retained the species in Melanaspis. Lindinger (1943) then elevated
Hemigymnaspis to generic rank for the single species eugeniae.
Borchsenius (1966) returned H. eugeniae to Melanaspis.

Genus Hemigymnaspis Lindinger

Hemigymnaspis Lindinger, 1943:221. Type-species, Melanaspis (Hemigymnaspis )
eugeniae Lindinger, orig. desig. and monotypy.

Hemigymnaspis contains only H. eugeniae.

Diagnosis —Adult female about 1.0 mm long. Pygidium retracted at maturity.
Dorsal prepygidial derm heavily sclerotized at maturity, bearing gland tubercles
and microducts. Prepygidial venter bearing gland spines and microducts. An-
tennae with 2—4 setae each. Pygidium with numerous dorsal macroducts and long,
narrow, tubular ducts arising from plates, 5 pairs of lobes, and very slender para-
physes which rarely touch the margin.

Hemigymnaspis may be distinguished from all other aspidiotine
genera by the following combination of characters; with multisetose
antennae, gland tubercles, and prepygidial gland spines bearing micro-
ducts while pygidial plates bear long, narrow, tubular ducts.

Hemigymnaspis eugeniae (Lindinger)
Melanaspis (Hemigymnaspis) eugeniae Lindinger, 1934:45
Hemigymnaspis eugeniae (Lindinger): Lindinger, 1943:221
Melanaspis eugeniae Lindinger: Borchsenius, 1966:348

Type Data—Two adult females, 1 second instar, and 2 scale covers
are present on | slide deposited in the Zoologisches Staatsinstitut und
Zoologisches Museum, Hamburg, Germany.

1 Scientific Article No. Al1725, Contribution No. 4496, of the Maryland Agricul-
tural Experiment Station, Department of Entomology.
2 This work was supported in part by U.S.D.A. Grant No. 12—14—100-9185(33).

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972 oli

Tris te POS
a vi sf ay
Pai} df) F

SEE, | :
z. ‘AS
* ws Zao Wee V
VO) xX 2 SOS Neree|| i|
( ‘v7 aoe \y Si / ies

Figs. 1-4. Hemigymnaspis eugeniae (Lindinger): 1, young adult female
before pygidial retraction; 2, older female showing partial pygidial retraction; 3,
fully mature lectotype female showing complete pygidial retraction and dorsal
prosomal sclerotization (A = dorsal marginal microduct; B = gland tubercle; C
= antenna; D = eye tubercle; E = ventral submedian microduct; F = ventral
marginal microduct; G = gland spine); 4, enlargement of lectotype pygidium
(A = lst and 2nd lobes; B = dorsal macroduct; C = long, narrow, tubular duct
arising from plate; D = plate).

318 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

Lectotype—Female syntype left hand specimen on a slide which
bears a label on the left, “NO 588, Station fur Pflanzenschutz,
Hemigymnaspis eugeniae Lindg., Eugenia cordata, Puerto Rico: Auf
dem Berg Cienaga bei Adjuntas.” A small upper right label reads
“Melanaspis eugeniae Lind., Eing. 13/66.” A small red, lower right
label reads “Syntypen”.

Paralectotype.—1 female, same slide, same data.

Field Characters.—The 2 scale covers mounted with the 2 adult female syntypes
are circular, whitish, with dark, centrally located exuviae. Dry material of this
scale collected on El Yunque Rock, Puerto Rico, on Eugenia boringuenais was
also seen. The male cover (fig. 5) is beige colored, elongate, exuviae black and
terminal. The female cover (fig. 6) is beige colored, circular to oval, exuviae
central to subcentral. Most scales occurred on the upper leaf surface of the 8
leaves seen.

Recognition Characters—Body of young adult female (fig. 1) about 1.0 mm
long, turbinate, sclerotization of prosomal dorsum present only on margins and
submargins. Older female (fig. 2) exhibits partial retraction of pygidium, and
nearly half of prosomal dorsum sclerotized. Fully mature female lectotype (fig.
3) exhibits pygidium retracted to level of anal opening, and entire prosomal
dorsum sclerotized.

Prosomal dorsum with 4-5 submedian clusters of microducts on each side
posterior to the mouthparts; submargin posterior to mouthparts with 12-18 gland
tubercles (fig. 3B) on each side. Dorsum of prepygidial abdominal segments
with an irregular marginal to submarginal band of 6-15 microducts (fig. 3A) on
each side. Prosomal venter with 2 antennae (fig. 3C) bearing 2-4 setae each; 1
large marginal eye tubercle (fig. 3D) on each side of mouthparts; 4 clusters of
submedian microducts (fig. 3E) on each side posterior to spiracles. Venter of
prepygidial abdominal segments with irregular marginal to submarginal band of
6-15 microducts (fig. 3F ) and 6-12 gland spines (fig. 3G) on each side.

Pygidium (fig. 4) subacute, dorsum bearing 1 broad, median, vase-shaped
sclerotized area; 3 slender macroduct-bearing sclerotized areas on each side arising
from the 3rd, 4th and 5th pairs of lobes respectively; about 50 macroducts (fig.
4B) on each side. Anal opening located slightly anterior to pygidial midlength.
Pygidial lobes 1 and 2 (fig. 4A), each 1 notched mesally and laterally, longer
than wide, and each bearing 1 dorsal seta about as long as the lobe and somewhat
mesally placed; lobes 3, 4 and 5 wider than long, serrate, with dorsal setae located
nearest mesal end of each lobe. Two slightly fimbriate plates (fig. 4D) between
median lobes; 2 between median and 2nd, and 2nd and 3rd lobes; 3 between
lobes 3 and 4, and 4 and 5; 3 anterior to lobe 5, on each side, each bearing 1
long, slender, tubular duct (fig. 4C). Pygidial venter bearing 5 loose clusters of
perivulvar pores. Vulva situated on or slightly anterior to pygidial midlength.
Paraphyses long, slender, rarely touching margins, usually 2 between each pair
of lobes.

Specimens Examined.—Puerto Rico, on Cienaga Mtn. nr. Adjutnas,
16—V-1886, on Eugenia cordata (Myrtaceae ), (2 ad. females on 1 slide,
Zoologisches Staatsinstitut und Zoologisches Museum, Hamburg, Ger-

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972 319

F pws : ’ - ‘ whe P " Az;
ee MED AIR Wy LRT Aine act oe |

PILED PR RELL EA

Figs. 5-6. Hemigymnaspis eugeniae (Lindinger): 5, male scale cover; 6,
female scale cover.

many); Puerto Rico, on El Yanque Rock, on Eugenia boringuenais,
22-11-1947, G. N. Wolcott (7 ad. females on 2 Tldies USNM); Virgin
Islands, St. John and St. Thomas, on Canella winterana leaves, 25-11-
1955, J. Conroy (4 ad. females on 1 slide, USNM).

Hosts: Wolcott (1948) recorded a second Eugenia species, E.
boringuenais, as a host for H. eugeniae. This is the first report of the
host Canella winterana for H. eugeniae, and also the first record of this
scale species from the Virgin Islands.

Taxonomic Discussion: H. eugeniae exhibits no close relationship
to any aspidiotine genus. The shape of the pygidium, rows of nu-
merous dorsal macroducts, and slender paraphyses slightly resemble
Melanaspis, while the plate structure, perivulvar pore arrangement, mul-
tisetose antennae, serrate pygidial margin anterior to lobe 3, and 10 to
20 gland tubercles on each ventral submargin suggest a possible rela-
tionship to Furcaspis biformis (Cockerell). The latter character was
not mentioned or figured by Ferris (1938).

Variation —The specimens examined showed little variation in mor-
phological characters with one exception. The lectotype and para-
lectotype had very similar gland spines between all lobes. The remain-
ing specimens exhibit much variation in these gland spines, including
an occasional forked gland spine.

320 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I thank Dr. D. R. Miller, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, U.S. Department
of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. and Mr. S. Nakahara, Agricultural Quarantine
Inspection, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. for reviewing this
paper. I also thank Dr. Miller for locating the type slide, and Professor Dr. H.
Weidner, Zoologisches Staatsinstitut und Zoologisches Museum, Hamburg, Ger-
many, for lending the slide.

REFERENCES

BORCHSENIUS, N. S. 1966. A catalogue of the armored scale _ insects
(Diaspidoidea) of the World. Akad. Nauk, SSSR, Moscow, 449 p.
FERRIS, G. F. 1938. Atlas of scale insects of North America. Ser. II. Serial
Nos. 137-268. Stanford Univ. Press, Calif.
1942. Atlas of scale insects of North America. Ser. IV. Serial
Nos. 385-448. Stanford Univ. Press, Calif.
LINDINGER, L. 1934. Melanaspis eugeniae sp. nov. aus Porto Rico (Homopt.
Coccoidea). Ent. Rundschau 51:45—-46.
1943. Verzeichnis der Schildlaus-Gattungon I. Nachtrag. (Homop-
tera—Coccoidea ). Zeitschr. Wiener Ent. Gesell. 28(8):217-224.
WOLCOTT, G. N. 1948. The insects of Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico Univ. Jour.
Agr. 32:1-223.

STRIDULATION AND FLIGHT IN SOME OMOPHRON
(COLEOPTERA; CARABIDAE )

A stridulatory apparatus has been reported by Dudich (1921, Ent. Blatt. pp.
145-155) in the following genera of the Carabidae: Blethisa, Cychrus, Elaphrus,
Graphipterus, Harpalus, Platyderus, Scaphinotus, Siagona and Sphaeroderus. Like-
wise, the genus Diacheila, according to Lindroth (1954, K. Fysiogr. Sallsk. Hand.
65:1-28), is said to possess a stridulating organ. Chittenden (1889, Ent. Amer.
5:220) observed the habit of stridulation in Omophron americanum Dejean.
Benschoter and Cook (1956, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 49:411-429) described the
prosternum of the genus Omophron with a file-like surface on mesal anterior mar-
gin, and added that this may be a stridulating organ. My friend C. Gélinas and I
observed repeatedly the habit of stridulating in Omophron americanum Dejean
and in Omophron tesselatum Say. These beetles, if held between the fingers,
produce a pronounced sound which may be a distraction device when disturbed.

With regard to flight, Benschoter and Cook (loc. cit.) recorded the capture of
beetles of this genus from light traps but did not indicate which species were
concerned. The only species known to fly is Omophron labiatum Fabricius (Leng,
1915, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 34:555-601; Frost, 1964, Fla. Ent. 47:129-161).
In addition, I examined a specimen of Omophron americanum Dejean seen flying
in the daytime by my friend J.-P. Lebel, while collecting insects in Vaudreuil Co.,

Québec.

ANDRE LAROCHELLE, Collége Bourget, C.P. 1000, Rigaud, Québec.

(oe)
in)
_

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

NEW SYNONYMY AND HOMONYMY IN CECIDOMYIIDAE
( DIPTERA )

RAyMonpD J. GaGne, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural
Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

ABSTRACT—Twenty-six disregarded or overlooked European species of Ceci-
domyiidae described by Kaltenbach and Bremi are discussed. Twelve new
synonymies are proposed and 5 junior homonyms are renamed.

One of my colleagues, George C. Steyskal, recently brought to my
attention an old, rare book, Die Pflanzenfeinde aus der Klasse der
Insekten, by Kaltenbach (1874), in which several new species were
described. I made a routine check for the names in Kieffer (1913),
which I had heretofore considered a thorough catalog of the Cecido-
myiidae described up to 1913, and found to my surprise that the
Kaltenbach names were not listed. A more thorough search showed
that the Kaltenbach species had been disregarded by subsequent
workers on the Cecidomyiidae because only the larvae and galls had
been described. There was a belief shared by several early workers
that a species based on other than the “perfect insect”, the adult, was
invalid. As a result many of the more common Kaltenbach species
were renamed by subsequent authors when adults were reared. While
looking into this problem I found another paper, this one by Bremi
(1847), in which many species described from larvae and galls only
were also disregarded and in some cases renamed. It is surprising
that most of these disregarded names were not recognized or were
ignored by later workers such as Kieffer, who himself described species
on the basis of larvae only.

As a result of these “lost names”, this paper is written to present the
necessary changes, including new cases of synonymy and homonymy.
Of the five cases of homonymy, four affect a revision I have in progress
of the North American Cecidomyiinae. The details of the Kaltenbach
names and Bremi names and the consequent changes are discussed
below in two separate sections. I should point out here that 11 of the
12 “new synonyms” are actually new junior synonyms: the fact of
synonymy has been noted in the past but the positions of junior and
senior synonyms are transposed.

THE KALTENBACH NAMES

Kaltenbach (1874) described seven new species and listed one
other as a new species in the index. Not only have these names been

1 Mail address: c/o U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560.

322 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., vOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

generally disregarded, but, whenever they were noted, an incorrect
date of publication has been given. The Zoological Record (1877),
after listing the new Kaltenbach species, pointed out that Kaltenbach
(1874) was a second edition of the same book with the same pagina-
tion that had been printed earlier in two installments, one in 1872, and
the other in 1873. Furthermore, most of the book had appeared in a
different format and in serial form in Decheniana between 1856 and
1869. I found that three of the Kaltenbach species of Cecidomyiidae
were described earlier in Decheniana. Low (1877, 1878, 1889) and
Riibsaamen (1899) had been aware of Kaltenbach (1874) but did
not recognize the new species. They described the adults and renamed
five of the Kaltenbach species, and Low considered another as simply
a synonym of an older taxon. Barnes (1946, 1948a, 1948b, 1951) had
occasion to report four of the renamed species but listed them conserv-
atively under the Low and Riibsaamen names which were and are
in general use. Panelius (1965) recently corrected one case in a tax-
onomic revision. The specific names in question are listed below in
alphabetical order.

Contarinia coryli (Kaltenbach)

Cecidomyia coryli Kaltenbach 1859:284; 1873:637; 1874:637; Low 1878:397 (not
recognized as valid); Barnes 1951:138 (as synonym under Contarinia corylina
(Low) ).

Diplosis corylina Low 1878:397 (for coryli Kaltenbach). NEW SYNONYMY.
Parallelodiplosis coryli (Felt), originally described in Cecidomyia, is here re-

named Parallelodiplosis sarae Gagné. NEW NAME. Contarinia coryli Kieffer, a

junior secondary homonym, is here renamed Contarinia cybelae Gagné. NEW

NAME.

Cecidomyia euphrasiae, error
Cecidomyia euphrasiae appears only in the index of Kaltenbach (1873 and
1874:838) which leads one to page 471. On that page there is no “euphrasiae’’,
although there is a “Phytomyza euphrasiae” on page 469. The “euphrasiae” of
page 469 does not appear in the index under Phytomyza, an indication that the
“euphrasiae” of the index was erroneously placed under Cecidomyia.

Cecidomyia frauenfeldi Kaltenbach
Cecidomyia frauenfeldi Kaltenbach 1872:79; 1874:79. J. primary homonym of
frauenfeldi Schiner 1868.
Except for the listing in Zoological Record (1877), this species has apparently
been completely ignored. It is possibly synonymous with Didymomyia tiliacea
(Bremi), q.v.

Macrolabis heraclei (Kaltenbach)
Cecidomyia heraclei Kaltenbach 1862:34; 1873:785; 1874:785; Low 1877:11 (not
recognized as valid); Barnes 1946:65 (as synonym under Macrolabis corrugans
(Low) ).

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972 323

Cecidomyia corrugans L6w 1877:11 (for heraclei Kaltenbach). NEW SYNON-
YMY.

Dicerura iridis (Kaltenbach)

Cecidomyia iridis Kaltenbach 1873:717; 1874:717; Riibsaamen 1899:68 (not
recognized as valid); Barnes 1948b:82 (as synonym under Dicerura kaltenbachi
(Ribsaamen) ); Panelius 1965:31 (Dicerura).

Tridomyza_ kaltenbachi Riibsaamen 1899:68 (for iridis Kaltenbach); Panelius
1965:31 (new synonym of Dicerura iridis ).

Cecidomyia napi Kaltenbach
[= Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani, 1847) ]
Cecidomyia napi Kaltenbach 1858:145; 1872:34; 1874:34; Low 1878:404 (as
new synonym of Diplosis aphidimyza Rondani).
Low (1878) considered napi to be identical to aphidimyza, now in Aphidoletes,
because the larvae of napi were associated with cabbage aphids, known hosts of
aphidimyza. This synonymy has not been disputed (Nijveldt, 1969).

Putoniella pruni (Kaltenbach)

Cecidomyia pruni Kaltenbach 1872:175; 1874:175; Low 1889:536 (not recog-
nized; original reference noted but name not used); Barnes 1948a:26 (as syn-
onym under Putoniella marsupialis (Low) ).

Diplosis marsupialis Low 1889:536. NEW SYNONYMY.

Contarinia sambuci (Kaltenbach), NEW COMBINATION
Cecidomyia sambuci Kaltenbach 1873:785; 1874:785; Low 1877:17 (not recog-
nized as valid).
Diplosis lonicerearum Low 1877:17 (for sambuci Kaltenbach). NEW SYNON-
YMY.
Neolasioptera sambuci (Felt), originally described in Cecidomyjia, is here re-
named Neolasioptera pierrei Gagné. NEW NAME.

THE Bremi NAMES

Bremi (1847) described a total of 39 species of Cecidomyiidae.
Many were based on adults and were subsequently recognized. For
completeness, I have listed here all 39 in one of the three following
categories: A. Description usually based at least on adult specimens
and subsequently reorganized; B. Description based on larvae and
galls only and generally disregarded in subsequent literature; and C.
Description based on larvae and galls only and renamed by later
authors.

A. The names listed in this sub-section were recognized in literature
subsequent to Bremi (1847). The adult stage was originally described
for all of these species except two, marginemtorquens and tornatella,
which were described on the basis of the galls and larvae only. Ceci-
domyia veronicae Bremi is a new synonym of Jaapiella veronicae

(Vallot).

324 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

Cecidomyia bicolora Kieffer 1913:214 (new name for Cecidomyia bicolor
Bremi 1847:54, preoce. bicolor Meigen 1818).

Oligotrophus bursarius (Bremi) 1847:20, 52, pl. 1, fig. 20 (Cecidomyia).

Dasineura capitigena (Bremi) 1847:23, 50, pl. 2, fig. 24 (Cecidomyia).

Hormomyia cornuta (Bremi) 1847:48 (Cecidomyia).

Camptomyia fenestralis (Bremi) 1847:55 (Cecidomyia).

Pachylabis formosa (Bremi) 1847:47, pl. 1, figs. 1, 6 (Cecidomyia).

Cecidomyia grisea Bremi 1847:49.

Hormomyia grossa (Bremi) 1847:46 (Cecidomyia).

Dasineura hyperici (Bremi) 1847:26, 53, pl. 2, fig. 26 (Cecidomyia).

Cecidomyia limbitorquens Bremi 1847:48.

Rhabdophaga marginemtorquens (Bremi) 1847:28, pl. 2, fig. 32 (Cecidomyia).

Bremiola onobrychidis (Bremi) 1847:27, 53, pl. 2, fig. 30 (Cecidomyia).

Cecidomyia pilosa Bremi 1847:31, 61 (junior synonym of Cecidomyia pini
(DeGeer) 1782).

Dasineura ranunculi (Bremi) 1847:29, 54 (Cecidomyia).

Dasineura stachydis (Bremi) 1847:26, 55, pl. 2, fig. 27 (Cecidomyia).

Dasineura subpatula (Bremi) 1847:23, 50, pl. 2, fig. 25 (Cecidomyia).

Phegobia tornatella (Bremi) 1847:13, pl. 1, fig. 13 (Cecidomyia).

Dasineura ulmaria (Bremi) 1847:16, 52, pl. 1, fig. 15 (Cecidomyia).

Cecidomyia varicolor Bremi 1847:55 (Cecidomyia).

Cecidomyia veronicae Bremi 1847:26, 49, pl. 2, fig. 28. Listings in Sherborn
(1922) and in Léw (1874) are the only references I have found to this
species. However, from the excellent Bremi (1847) illustration of the gall,
it is obvious that this species is identical with Jaapiella veronicae (Vallot
1827), which also preoccupies veronicae Bremi. NEW SYNONYMY.

B. Except for a listing in Sherborn (1922) these species were ig-
nored in publications following Bremi (1847) or, as in the cases of
Cecidomyia reaumurii and C. tortilis, noted only by oblique reference.
With the exception of C. frischii, which is known from the gall only,
these species were described from galls and larvae. Some of these are
almost certainly senior synonyms of common European species. A
North American species, Cecidomyia irregularis Stebbins (1910), is
preoccupied by C. irregularis Bremi and is here renamed Cecidomyia
stebbinsae Gagné. NEW NAME.

Cecidomyia degeerii (also as degerii) Bremi 1847:17, 45.
Cecidomyia erianea Bremi 1847:30, pl. 2, fig. 37.
Cecidomyia frischii Bremi 1847 :24.

Cecidomyia gemini Bremi 1847:17, pl. 1, fig. 18.
Cecidomyia irregularis Bremi 1847:30, pl. 2, fig. 36.
Cecidomyia leontodontis Bremi 1847:19.

Cecidomyia polymorpha Bremi 1847:16, pl. 1, fig. 14.
Cecidomyia reaumurii Bremi 1847:19. Noted in Low (1875) but unrecognized.
Cecidomyia rosae Bremi 1847:27, pl. 2, fig. 31.
Cecidomyia strobilina Bremi 1847:22, pl. 2, fig. 23.
Cecidomyia strumosa Bremi 1847:25, pl. 2, fig. 26.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972 B20

Cecidomyia tortilis Bremi 1847:29, pl. 2, fig. 35. Low (1877) and Barnes
(1951) note this species only to point out that it may be synonymous with
Dasineura alni (Low) 1877.

C. The 7 species listed below were considered invalid by a subse-
quent author and renamed, or, in the case of Cecidomyia fraxini, con-
sidered a synonym under a junior name. A North American species
is found to be a primary homonym: Arthrocnodax fraxini (Felt) 1907
is here renamed Arthrocnodax irenae Gagné. NEW NAME.

Rhabdophaga clausilia ( Bremi)

Cecidomyia clausilia Bremi 1847:28, pl. 2, fig. 33; Mik 1886:317 (not recognized
as valid); Barnes 1949:52 (as synonym under Rhabdophaga inchbaldiana
(Mik) ).

Cecidomyia inchbaldiana Mik 1886:317 (for clausilia Bremi). NEW SYNONYMY.

Dasineura fraxini (Bremi)
Cecidomyia fraxini Bremi 1847:18, pl. 1, fig. 17; Barnes 1951:98 (as synonym
under Dasineura fraxini (Kieffer) ).
Perrisia fraxini Kieffer 1897:301. NEW SYNONYMY.

Dasineura medicaginis (Bremi)

Cecidomyia medicaginis Bremi 1847:18, pl. 1, fig. 16; Wachtl 1884:162 (not
recognized as valid); Barnes 1946:48 (as synonym under Dasineura ignorata
(Wachtl) ).

Cecidomyia onobrychidis, error for medicaginis Bremi, Low, 1877.

Cecidomyia ignorata Wachtl 1884:163 (for medicaginis Bremi). NEW SYNON-
YMY.

Kiefferia pericarpiicola (Bremi)

Cecidomyjia pericarpiicola Bremi 1847:21, pl. 1, fig. 10 (as dauci in figure legend,
p. 70); Low 1874:326 (not recognized as valid); Barnes 1946:27 (as synonym
under Kiefferia pimpinellae (Low) ).

Asphondylia pimpinellae Low 1874:326 (for pericarpiicola Bremi). NEW SYN-
ONYMY.

Cystiphora sanguinea (Bremi), NEW COMBINATION

Cecidomyia sanguinea Bremi 1847:19; Low 1874:144 (not recognized as valid).
Cecidomyia hieracii Low 1874:144 (for sanguinea Bremi). NEW SYNONYMY.

Cystiphora sonchi (Bremi), NEW COMBINATION

Cecidomyia sonchi Bremi 1847:19; Low 1875:18 (not recognized as valid).
Cecidomyia sonchi Low 1875:18 (for sonchi Bremi). NEW SYNONYMY.

Didymomyia tiliacea (Bremi)

Cecidomyia tiliacea Bremi 1847:13, pl. 1, fig. 12; Low 1878:387 (not recognized
as valid); Barnes 1951:152 (as synonym under Didymomyia reaumuriana
(Low) ).

Hormomyia reaumuriana Low 1878:387 (for tiliacea Bremi). NEW SYNONYMY.

326 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

REFERENCES

BARNES, H. F. 1946. I. Gall Midges of Root and Vegetable Crops. 104 pp.
In Gall Midges of Economic Importance. Crosby Lockwood & Son Ltd.
London.

1948a. III. Gall Midges of Fruit. 184 pp. Ibid.

1948b. IV. Gall Midges of Ornamental Plants and Shrubs. 165
pp. Ibid.

1949. VI. Gall Midges of Miscellaneous Crops. 229 pp. Ibid.

1951. V. Gall Midges of Trees. 270 pp. Ibid.

BREMI, J. J. 1847. Beitraege zu einer Monographie der Gallmiicken, Ceci-
domyia Meigen. Neuenberg. 71 pp. + 2 pls.

KALTENBACH, J. H. 1858. Die deutschen Phytophagen aus der Klasse der
Insekten. Decheniana or Verhandl. Naturhist. Vereins Rheinlande und West-
falens 15:77-210.

1859. Ibid. 16:216-299.

1862. Ibid. 19:1-106.

1872. Die Pflanzenfeinde aus der Klasse der Insekten. I. pp.
1-288. Stuttgart. Not seen.

1873. Die Pflanzenfeinde aus der Klasse der Insekten. II. pp.
289-848. Stuttgart. Not seen.

1874. Die Pflanzenfeinde aus der Klasse der Insekten [parts I
& II of 1872 and 1873 combined]. 848 pp. Stuttgart.

KIEFFER, J. J. 1897. Diagnoses de Cécidomyies nouvelles du genre Perrisia
Rond. [Dipt.]. Bull. Soc. Ent. France (1897) :300-301.

1913. Diptera. Fam. Cecidomyidae. Genera Insectorum. Fasc.
152, 346 pp., 15 pls. Brussels.

LOW, F. 1874. Beitrige zur Kenntniss der Gallmiicken. Verhandl. Zool.-Bot.
Ges. Wien. 24:143-162, 1 pl.

1875. Ueber neue und einige ungeniigend gekannte Cecidomyiden
der Wiener Gegend. Ibid. 25:13-32, 1 pl.

1877. Ueber Gallmiicken. Ibid. 27:1—28, 1 pl.

1878. Mittheilungen tiber Gallmiicken. Ibid. 28:387-406, 1 pl.

1889. Die in den taschenformigen Gallen der Prunus-Blatter
lebenden Gallmiicken und die Cecidomyia foliorum H. Lw. Ibid. 39:535-542.

MIK, J. 1886. Dipterologische Miscellen. Wien. Ent. Zeit. 5:317-318.

NIJVELDT, W. 1969. VIII. Gall Midges—Miscellaneous. 221 pp. In Gall
Midges of Economic Importance. Crosby Lockwood & Son Ltd. London.

PANELIUS, S. 1965. <A revision of the European gall midges of the subfamily
Porricondylinae (Diptera: Itonididae). Acta Zool. Fenn. 113:1-157.

RUBSAAMEN, E. H. 1899. Ueber gallmiicken auf Carex und Iris. Wien. Ent.
Zeit. 18:57-76.

SHERBORN, C. D. 1922. Index animalium sine index nominum quae ab A. D.
MDCCLYVIII generibus et speciebus animalium imposita sunt. Sect 2. London.

WACHTL, F. A. 1844. Eine neue und eine verkannte Cecidomyide. Wien.
Ent. Zeit. 3:161-166, 1 pl.

[The] ZOOLOGICAL RECORD. 1877. 12(1875):265-517 [Insecta]. The
Zoological Society of London.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972 Soil

PSOCOPTERA RECORDS FROM EASTER ISLAND

Epwarp L. Mocxrorp, Department of Biological Sciences, Illinois State
University, Normal, Illinois 61761

ABSTRACT—Thiree species of psocids representing three families are recorded
from Easter Island. These are the first psocid records from this island.

The material reported herein was received from Dr. Ian E. Efford
of the Insitute of Animal Resource Ecology, University of British Co-
lumbia, in 1965. As far as I am able to determine, these are the only
psocid specimens that have ever been taken on Easter Island. The
specimens were deposited in the U.S. National Museum.

The Psocoptera are well represented on those Pacific islands where
collecting has been done. In Hawaii, where intensive collecting was
carried out in recent years, about 200 species are known, of which
about 170 are endemic and the remainder recent immigrants (Thorn-
ton, 1965). Banks (1942) recorded thirteen species from Guam.
Mumford (1942) recorded seven genera from the Marquesas Islands.
Karny (1932) recorded ten species from Samoa. It would seem likely
that more species will be found on Easter Island with additional
collecting.

Little is known about how psocids cross major water barriers. It
seems likely that they may be distributed by wind, since there are a
number of records of capture of psocids in the upper atmosphere
(Glick, 1939, 1957; Thornton, 1964). It is well established that many
species are carried in human commerce, which may be the mode of
arrival on Easter Island of the species listed below. Recently (Mock-
ford, 1967) some of the smaller psocids have been found on the plu-
mage of live-trapped birds, including some species apparently in
migration, suggesting that certain species of psocids may be carried
with regularity over long distances by this means.

FAMILY LIPOSCELIDAE
Liposcelis sp.

One nymph collected in cabin in camp at Hanga-Roa, 23 January, 1965. This
specimen may have been brought in by the expedition.

FAMILY CAECILIIDAE
Caecilius casarum Badonnel
C. casarum Badonnel, 1931:234.

C. palmarum Mockford and Gumey, 1956:361.
One female on lemon tree in village of Hanga-Roa, | February, 1965.

328 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

This species, generally an inhabitant of palm foliage, was first de-
scribed from Mozambique ( Badonnel, 1931) where the type was beaten
from a grass-thatched roof. Mockford and Gurmey (1956) recorded it
from Texas under the name C. palmarum. Mockford (1966) showed
the synonymy of the latter name, and recorded the species from Flor-
ida, Mexico, northeastern South America, New Guinea (single record )
and Hawaii (single record). He also presented data which suggest
its spread in human commerce.

FAMILY PERIPSOCIDAE

Eectopsocus fullawayi Enderlein

Twelve adults with following data: 2 in camp at Hanga-Roa, January, 1965;
2 on squash plant (“mautini’) at Hanga-Roa; 1 in camp at Hanga-Roa, 21 Jan-
uary, 1965; 2 in corn field of Carlos Rapu, Hanga-Roa, 26 January, 1965; 1 on
Islet of Motu-nui, 19 January, 1965; 1 no date, Hanga-Roa, on leaf; 4 no data.

One nymph of Ectopsocus, hence likely to be this species, bears the following
data: Collected in insect box in camp, 21 January, 1965.

This species was originally described from Hawaii (Enderlein,
1913), where it is common. It has been taken on several occasions
by U.S. Department of Agriculture quarantine inspectors on Hawaii
in plant materials leaving the Islands (personal observations from
U.S.D.A. material). It has been found on Guam, Samoa (Zimmerman,
1948), and on the Marquesas Islands (Mumford, 1942). Thornton
and Wong (1968) recorded it also from Fiji, Tubuai, Rapa, and the
Tuamotu Archipelago.

Comparison of wing markings and male terminal abdominal struc-
tures of the Easter Island material (all specimens are males) with
Hawaiian material revealed no differences.

REFERENCES

BADONNEL, A. 1931. Contribution a l’etude de la faune du Mozambique.
Voyage de M. P. Lesne (1928-29). 4° Note—Copeognathes. Ann. Sci. Nat.
(Zool.) 14:229-260.

BANKS, N. 1942. Insects of Guam—I. Neuroptera. Bull. Bishop Mus. 172:
25-30.

ENDERLEIN, G. 1913. Beitrige zur Kenntnis der Copeognathen I. Zur
Kenntnis der Copeognathen von Hawai. Zool, Anz. 41:353-360.

GLICK, P. 1939. The distribution of insects, spiders, and mites in the air.
U.S.D.A. Tech. Bull. No. 673, 150 pp.

1957. Collecting insects by airplane in southern Texas. U.S.D.A.
Tech. Bull. No. 1158, 28 pp.

KARNY, H. H. 1932. Psocoptera, In Insects of Samoa and other Samoan ter-
restrial Arthropoda. Part VII, Fasc. 4, pp. 117-129.

MOCKFORD, E. L. 1966. The Genus Caecilius II. North American species
of the fasciatus, confluens, and africanus Groups. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 92:
133-172.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972 329

1967. Some Psocoptera from Plumage of Birds. Proc. Ent. Soc.
Wash. 69:307-309.
and A. B. GURNEY. 1956. A review of the psocids, or book-lice
and bark-lice, of Texas (Psocoptera). Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 46:353-368.
MUMFORD, E. P. 1942. Records of Corrodentia from the Marquesas Islands.
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (11)9:831-838.
THORNTON, I. W. B. 1964. Air-borne Psocoptera trapped on ships and air-
craft. Pacific Ins. 6:285-291.
1965. Distribution patterns of endemic psocids (Psocoptera) in
the Hawaiian Islands. Proc. XII Int. Congr. Ent., London, pp. 442-443.
and WONG SIU KAI. 1968. The Peripsocid Fauna (Psocoptera )
of the Oriental Region and the Pacific. Pacific Insects Monograph 19:158 pp.
ZIMMERMAN, E. C. 1948. Order Corrodentia (Burmeister, 1838). In Insects
of Hawaii, Vol. 2, pp. 217-252.

WING-DIMORPHISM IN PTEROSTICHUS PATRUELIS DEJEAN
AND PTEROSTICHUS FEMORALIS KIRBY

(COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE )

Pterostichus patruelis Dejean. The hind-wings of this species are usually
vestigial but a few fully-winged specimens have been seen from New Hampshire
(Darlington, 1936, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 29:136—-179, and 1943, Ecol. Monogr.
13:37-61) and Ontario (Lindroth, 1966, Opusc. Ent., Suppl. 29:409-648). I
investigated specimens of this species from Québec (195), Ontario (5), Alberta
(4) and New Hampshire (3) and I found 9 fully-winged specimens from the
following places: QUEBEC: Charlevoix-Est Co., Port-au-Saumon, 27—VI-1964
(1 female) and Saint-Fidéle, 26-VI-1964 (1 female); Montcalm Co., Saint-
Emile, 24—VIII-1964 (1 female); Saguenay Co., Port-Menier, 13—VII-1971 (1
female); Témiscamingue Co., Rollet, 24-V-1968 (1 female); Vaudreuil Co.,
Choisy, 10—XI-1969 (1 female) and Rigaud, 15-IV—1965 (1 female), 28-IV—1967
(1 male). ONTARIO: Ottawa, 2—VII-1966 (1 female). In Québec, the fully-
winged forms of Pterostichus patruelis Dejean are rare and not geographically
restricted; in addition, they occur in the same populations as short-winged forms,
and in both sexes; they are probably able to fly.

Pterostichus femoralis Kirby. The hind-wings of this species are dimorphic,
usually vestigial, but 1 fully-winged specimen was seen from Ontario by Lindroth
(1966, Opusc. Ent., Suppl. 29:409-648). I examined specimens of that species
from Québec (42) and Ontario (1) but no fully-winged specimens were seen.

ANpRE LAROCHELLE, Collége Bourget, C.P. 1000, Rigaud, Québec.

330 PROG. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

HOPLOPLEURA INTERMEDIA KELLOGG AND FERRIS AND
ITS ALLIES, WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES
(ANOPLURA: HOPLOPLEURIDAE )

Puytuis T. JoHNson, National Marine Fisheries Service, Oxford, Maryland 21654

ABSTRACT—The species of sucking lice related to Hoplopleura intermedia
Kellogg and Ferris are discussed on the basis of a study of both adult and
nymphal morphology. The first-instar nymph of Hoplopleura inexpectans Johnson
is illustrated and described, and Hoplopleura ismailiae, new species, from Suda-
nese Mastomys natalensis ismailiae is described.

During the past decade the study of nymphal instars of Hoplopleura
Enderlein has been used increasingly to solve problems of relation-
ships of species in that genus (Cook and Beer, 1959; Kim, 1965; John-
son, 1972, and in press). Following Cook and Beer’s pioneering work
on North American Hoplopleura species, Kim’s and Kim’s and Emer-
son's (1968) papers have provided descriptions and figures of many
Hoplopleura nymphs, thus laying the groundwork for their use in
deciding intraspecific relationships.

Johnson (1960), using only adults, split the African species
Hoplopleura intermedia Kellogg and Ferris (see Ferris, 1921, 1951)
into three species: Hoplopleura inexpectans Johnson, from Praomys
jacksoni; Hoplopleura zelotomydis Johnson, from Zelotomys hilde-
gardae; and intermedia from Mastomys natalensis; and described a
fourth related species, Hoplopleura captiosa Johnson, from Mus muscu-
lus. In that paper, intermedia and allies were considered close to
Hoplopleura hesperomydis (Osborn) from North American Peromyscus
species. However, Kim (1965) investigated the setation of the head
of Hoplopleura and found that the presence or absence of the accessory
dorsal head seta (ADHS of Kim) is of considerable taxonomic im-
portance. This small seta, which lies medial to the principal dorsal
head seta (PDHS), at the posterolateral angle of the head, is missing
in hesperomydis and allies, but always present in intermedia and allies.
(Johnson (1960, Fig. 31) incorrectly shows this seta to be missing in
inexpectans.) A comparison of the nymphs of the two groups, as pic-
tured and described by Cook and Beer (1959), Kim (1965, 1966),
Wegner (1966), Kim and Emerson (1968) and Johnson (in press)
offers convincing evidence that hesperomydis-like species are not par-
ticularly related to intermedia-like species. As is true of hesperomydis
and allies, nymphal characters are sometimes superior for identifica-
tion of intermedia-group species. In fact, Kim (1966), using nymphal
morphology, found that paratypes of captiosa J., from Thai Mus cervi-
color constituted a new species, Hoplopleura johnsonae Kim.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972 331

a
= ao EIEy
——Y

Ak api
TT
ime

ay
Glatt A

Heb
a

gael
}
a

a
aay
a

— wn
{
a
_ a)

=——

4

Figs. 1-6, Hoplopleura ismailiae, n. sp.:

1, holotype, distal part of third leg
omitted; 2, allotype; 3, female, paratergal plates, Melut, Demtemma; 4, holotype,

thoracic sternal plate; 5, allotype, aedeagus; 6, holotype, tergal plate of eighth

abdominal segment. Fig. 7, H. intermedia K. and F., tergal plate of eighth ab-
dominal segment, female, Sudan, host undetermined, no. HH-13038.

332 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

This paper includes remarks on adults and nymphs of the intermedia
group, a description and figures of the first-instar nymph of inex-
pectans, and the description of a new species. All the setae of the
legs, antennae, and anterior part of the head are not drawn in on the
figures. The holotype and allotype of the new species are deposited
in the collections of the U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C.

CHARACTERIZATION OF H. intermedia K. AND F. AND ITs ALLIES

Adults.—The accessory dorsal head seta is present and the four small lateral
occipital setae (MHS, or marginal head setae of Kim (1965) ) are present, with
the anterior one placed posteriad to the postantennal angle. Sensoria of antennal
segments four and five are large and contiguous. According to the species, the
head is variously rugose, smooth, or reticulate dorsally (figs. 8, 10, 12, 14). The
seta medial to the mesothoracic spiracle is usually long, never extremely short
or minute. The thoracic sternal plate is longer than broad, and extended poste-
riorly into a narrowed process (fig. 4). Its shape is of limited taxonomic value
in this group. There are well developed tergal and sternal abdominal plates; on
a typical segment the female has three plates both dorsally and ventrally, and
the male has two plates ventrally and one plate dorsally. The sternal plate of
the second segment and first plate of the third segment are extended laterally to
approach the corresponding paratergal plates. That of the third segment has a
lateral group of two enlarged, apical setae on either side. According to the species,
abdominal setae are swordshaped to varying degree or are long, thin, and flexible
(figs. 16-19). There are no setae laterally off the tergal plates but four or more
ventrolateral setae occur on segments 4—7, and sometimes on segment 8. The
penultimate abdominal tergal plate bears 0-4 apical setae, depending on sex and
species (figs. 6, 7). Paratergal plates III-VI each have two apical lobes which
are roughly quadrate, and VII-VIII have a varying number of apical lobes de-
pending on the species and sex. Shape of the aedeagus (fig. 5) apparently is
of extremely limited taxonomic value in this group, although size varies according
to the species.

Nymphs.—Like other Hoplopleura, all stages have thornlike tubercles ventrally
on the head, antennae, and legs (fig. 15). Relative lengths of the principal
dorsal head seta and the dorsal mesothoracic seta vary according to the species
(figs. 9, 11, 13). Especially in second and third instar nymphs there may be
a sclerotized denticulate extension on the posterior margin of the mesothoracic
spiracle (macrotubercle of Kim and Emerson, 1968). The abdominal and thoracic
venter is spiculated and the abdomen is scaly or reticulate dorsally. There is
always a pair of small setae anteroventrally on the abdomen, and occasionally
aberrant single setae posterior to these. Second and third instars have six pairs
of paratergal plates which are scaly, variously shaped according to the species,
and in some species the apex is drawn out into a long, heavily scaled lobe (figs.
20-22). Incipient nonfunctional spiracles are present on the paratergal plates.
The first instar lacks any indication of paratergal plates. All instars have a single
terminal abdominal seta on each side. In some species the terminal seta is set on
a narrow, cylindrical prolongation of the integument, especially in the later instars.
The anal lobe is extended and often apically bifurcate.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972 S00

Figs. 8-9, Hoplopleura inexpectans J., heads, Angola ex Rattus morio jacksoni:
8, male; 9, third-instar nymph. Figs. 10-11, H. intermedia K. and F., heads: 10,
male, data as Fig. 7; 11, third-instar nymph, Tanganyika ex Mastomys natalensis
microdon. Figs. 12-13, H. ismailiae, n. sp., heads: 12, allotype; 13, third-instar
nymph. Fig. 14, H. captiosa J., head, male paratype, Egypt ex Mus musculus no,
HH-21984.

334 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

Hoplopleura inexpectans Johnson, first-instar nymph
(Fig. 15)

Description.—Lateral occipital head margins straight, slightly convergent poste-
riorly, inner sutural head seta (ISHS of Kim, 1965) stouter than outer sutural
head seta (OSHS). Principal dorsal head seta stout, as large as dorsal meso-
thoracic seta. Mesothoracic spiracle borne on blunt lateral prolongation, lacking
macrotubercle. Lateral margins of abdomen wrinkled, lacking spicules and scales,
dorsum covered with vaguely indicated “plate” which is split anteroposteriorly
on median line. Terminal abdominal setae set on very small protuberances, anal
lobe apically bifurcate, bearing small lateral seta on each side.

Length —0.25-0.35 mm.

Material examined.—28 first-instar, ten second-instar, and_ six third-instar
nymphs, with associated adults, from Rattus morio jacksoni, Angola.

Hoplopleura ismailiae, n. sp.

(Figs. 1-6, 12, 13, 18, 22; 23)

Type data.—Female holotype, male allotype, three female paratypes
and one third-instar nymph (female) ex Mastomys natalensis ismailiae,
Sudan: Upper Nile Province, Khor Adar, Paloich, 14 April 1960,
Hoogstraal, Heyneman, and Gabor collectors. One female paratype
as above but HH13097-13101. One female paratype ex M. n. ismailiae,
Upper Nile Province, Melut, 31 March 1960, HH13014. One female
paratype as above but 2 April 1960, HH13035. One female paratype
as above but 4 April 1960, HH13046-48. One female paratype, ex M.
n. ismailiae, Upper Nile Province, Demtemma, Melut, 5 April 1960.

Lengths.—Female: holotype, 1.35 mm, paratypes, 1.25-1.3 mm, plus one
teneral telescoped paratype of 1.0 mm. Male: 1.0 mm.

Diagnosis.—Separable from intermedia, zelotomydis and inexpectans by a com-
bination of the following: male with apical setae of paratergal plate III both
longer than the apical lobes; both sexes with two long apical setae on plate VII;
both apical setae of plates IV-VI inserted on margin; head lacking dorsal rugosities
or strong reticulation and with postantennal (occipital) margins straight and
slightly convergent posteriorly (fig. 12). Female further separable from intermedia
by having at least one seta on the tergal plate of abdominal segment 8 (compare
figs. 6, 7). Closest to captiosa and johnsonae. Separable from both these species
by lacking swordshaped setae on the abdomen (compare figs. 18, 19), and fur-
ther from female johnsonae, according to the original description of that species,
by having the apical setae of paratergal plate III of unequal lengths. Third-instar
nymph differing from that of captiosa by having paratergal plates 3-6 produced
apically into narrowed scaly processes (fig. 22) and from johnsonae, intermedia
(fig. 21) and inexpectans by lacking marked apical processes on plates 1-2.

Description—A member of the intermedia group. Only characters distin-
guishing ismailiae from other intermedia-group species are discussed.

Female (fig. 1): Head (fig. 12, male), postantennal angles rounded, lateral
occipital margins straight, converging posteriorly, dorsum smooth except for slight
reticulations and rugosities posterior to principal and accessory dorsal setae. Dorsal
setae other than principal one all small, thin, but not minute.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972 BD)

Figs. 15, 16, 20, Hoplopleura inexpectans J., data as Figs. 8-9: 15, first-instar
nymph; 16, male, tergal plate of abdominal segment five; 20, third-instar nymph,
third paratergal plate, dorsal view. Figs. 17, 21, H. intermedia K. and F.: 17,
male, tergal plate of abdominal segment five, data as Fig. 7; 21, third-instar
nymph, third paratergal plate, dorsal view, data as Fig. ll. Figs. 18, 22, 23, H.
ismailiae, n. sp.: 18, allotype, tergal plate of abdominal segment five; 22, third-
instar nymph, paratergal plates; 23, third-instar nymph, terminus of abdomen,
anal lobe broken apically. Fig. 19, H. captiosa J., male, tergal plate of abdominal
segment five, data as Fig. 14.

336 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

Thorax.—Sternal plate as in fig. 4. Abdomen. Especially dorsally, setae of
abdominal plates long, thin, flexible (fig. 18, male). Tergal plate of segment
1 present, indistinct, one seta at each posterolateral angle; both setae small in
holotype and all but one paratype; remaining paratype with seta long on one side.
Paratergal plates (fig. 3), III with two apical setae of unequal length, both ex-
tending beyond apical lobes; pairs of apical setae on plates IV—VI marginal, small,
thin, of equal length (one paratype has one abnormally large apical seta on plate
IV, one side); plate VII with two long apical setae; plates II-VI with usual
quadrate apical lobes; plate VII with both apical lobes quadrate, ventral one
narrower; plate VIII with one dorsoapical lobe, this narrow, rounded to acute
apically, usually about length of plate proper but in two paratypes it is con-
siderably shorter. Genital seta of ninth segment long not bladelike.

Male (fig. 2): Head (fig. 12), thorax, and abdomen as female except in usual
sexually dimorphic characters and as follows: paratergal plate III with one apical
seta extending beyond apical lobes, second seta not visible in only available speci-
men; plate VII with one acute dorsoapical lobe; ventral lobe merely indicated;
plate VIII lacking apical lobes. Aedeagus (fig. 5) as in related species.

Third-instar nymph (figs. 13, 22, 23): nymphal skin broken and fragmented
by emerging female within. Head (fig. 13) with dorsal setae not minute, prin-
cipal dorsal seta equal in length to that of thoracic dorsum. Head not reticulate
or rugose. Paratergal plates (fig. 22) with increasingly pronounced apical pro-
longations as they progress posteriorly. First plate lacking a prolongation; none
of scales on plates extremely long. Terminal abdominal setae (fig. 23) not set
on a pronounced protuberance. Anal segment apically broken off.

The host relationships of H. ismailiae, n. sp., are of particular in-
terest since intermedia was taken from the type host of ismailiae and
very near the type locality (Upper Nile Province, Boing Doro from
M. n. ismailiae, and Melut, from an undertermined host). It is possi-
ble that intermedia and ismailiae are geographical replacements of
one another, but we lack information on this. H. intermedia has
a broad geographical range, occurring on subspecies of Mastomys
natalensis from South Africa to the Sudan. Morphological differences
between intermedia and ismailiae are as great as between any of the
other species of the intermedia group, arguing against the idea that
they might be subspecies.

REFERENCES

COOK, E. F. and J. R. BEER. 1959. The immature stages of the genus
Hoplopleura (Anoplura: Hoplopleuridae) in North America, with descriptions
of two new species. Jour. Parasitol. 45:405-416.

FERRIS, G. F. 1921. Contributions toward a monograph of the sucking lice.
Part II. Stanford Univ. Publ. Biol. Sci. 2(2):55—133.

1951. The Sucking Lice. Mem. Pacific Coast Ent. Soc. 1:1-320.

JOHNSON, P. T. 1960. The Anoplura of African rodents and insectivores. U.S.
Dept. Agr., Tech. Bull. no. 1211:1-116.

1972. The sucking lice of Venezuelan rodents, with remarks on
related species (Anoplura). Brigham Young Univ., Biol. Sci. 17(3).

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972 Som

In Press. On the rodent-infesting Anoplura of Panama. Great
Basin Naturalist.

KIM, K. C. 1965. A review of the Hoplopleura hesperomydis complex (Ano-
plura, Hoplopleuridae). Jour. Parasitol. 51:871-887.

1966. A new species of Hoplopleura from Thailand, with notes and
description of nymphal stages of Hoplopleura captiosa Johnson (Anoplura).
Parasitology 56:603-612.

and K. C. EMERSON. 1968. New records and nymphal stages
of the Anoplura from Central and East Africa, with description of a new Hoplo-
pleura species. Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. LXXVIII( 1-2) :5-45.
WEGNER, Z. 1966. The immature stages of the louse Hoplopleura captiosa
Johnson syn. Hoplopleura musculi Wegner (?). Bull. Inst. Marine Med.
Gdansk 17( 1-2) :29-34.

INCORRECT USAGE OF THE TERM NEW SYNONYM

Anonymity is the state of being anonymous; perfidy is the state of being per-
fidious; and synonymy is the state of being synonymous. When an author indicates
that he is making a new synonymy, he is saying that a particular name has, in
his opinion, newly acquired the state of being a synonym. The word may have
been around a long while; what is new is its status.

Webster’s dictionary is perhaps a bit like the Bible; what it says depends a
good deal on the reader. The first meaning of the word synonymy is “the quality
of expressing the same or nearly the same meaning by different words.” The
fourth meaning listed by Webster is “(a) the scientific names used . . . to designate
the same species, etc.; (b) a list of such names.” The word “collectively” quoted
by Townes (1972, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 74:229) does not appear in my Webster
(1965, unabridged). In any case there is no justification for restricting the word
to the list only, as he does. The synonymous names constitute the synonymy; to
add another name is to indicate still another condition of synonymy. The name
itself is not new, unless one is so hard up for publications that he deliberately
creates a new name having the same meaning as an old one.

Anyway, few of us live according to Webster any more than we live according
to the Bible. Webster says that a synonym, in biology, is “an incorrect or out-
moded systemic [sic] name.” Is that an acceptable definition? I think most of
us know what a synonym is and what a new synonymy is without reading a dis-
course on the subject (of which this journal has now published two too many! ).

Howarp E. Evans, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University,
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138.

[Editor’s comments—My Third Edition of Websters Unabridged Dictionary
does not define synonym or synonymy as quoted by either Townes or Evans.
Furthermore, by using the abbreviation n. syn., the reader may choose the term
he wishes. It is not my intention to allow the Proceedings to become an outlet
for arguments on such trivial matters. These two will be the last such published. ]

338 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

A REDESCRIPTION OF THE HOLOTYPE MALE OF AEDES
(STEGOMYIA) TONGAE EDWARDS WITH A NOTE
ON TWO TOPOTYPIC FEMALES

(DieTERA: CULICIDAE)*”

YrAu-MIn Huanc, Southeast Asia Mosquito Project, Department of
Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560

ABSTRACT—The holotype male of Aedes (Stegomyia) tongae Edwards from
Ha’apai, Tonga, South Pacific is redescribed and illustrated. Two topotypic fe-
males of this species of Buxton & Hopkins’ expedition to Ha’apai, Tonga, South
Pacific, 1925 are also described here.

The name Aedes tongae Edwards 1926 has caused much confusion.
At least two species were being mistaken for tongae Edwards as re-
ported by Belkin (1962:476) and Ramalingam and Belkin (1965:2).

According to Ramalingam and Belkin (1965:2-3), the description
and figures by Belkin (1962:475-476, 349-350) for “tongae” are actu-
ally those of another species which they named tabu. Thus, no de-
tailed description and figures of true tongae are available at the
present.

Through the kindness of Dr. P. F. Mattingly, I have had the op-
portunity to examine the holotype male of tongae Edwards and the
two females which bear the same data as the holotype. I take ad-
vantage of this opportunity to give a full description of this holotype
male and the two topotypic females so that the identity of Edwards’
tongae should no longer remain in doubt.

Species of the scutellaris group in the Tonga area are being inves-
tigated further under a SEAMP-WHO project and the full results will
be published later. Due to the highly variable nature of the group in
both adult and immature characteristics, a large number of progeny
rearings from many different localities are required to provide sound
criteria for establishing the true identity of the species.

‘This work was supported by Research Contract No. DA-49-193-MD-2672
from the U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Office of the
Surgeon General.

2 Immediate publication secured by full payment of page charges—KEditor.

=

Fig. 1. Aedes (Stegomyia) tongae Edwards, holotype ¢: A, dorsal aspect;
B, lateral aspect of abdomen; C, lateral aspect of thorax; D, anterior surface of legs.

oD)

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972 339

Holotype male
Aedes (Stegomyia ) tongae Edwards

340 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., vOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

Aedes (Stegomyia) tongae Edwards
CBigss dl?)

Aedes (Stegomyia) variegatus var. tongae Edwards, 1926, Bull. Ent. Res. 17:103
(¢ *, 9). Type locality: Ha’apai, Tonga Islands.

Type male, in fair condition (Pres. by Imp. Bur. Ent. 1926. 62) with
associated terminalia on a slide, Ha’apai, Tonga, South Pacific, 26-II-
1925 (P. A. Buxton and G. H. Hopkins collectors). Deposited in the
British Museum (Natural History), London.

Head.—Proboscis dark scaled, with a few pale scales on ventral side, slightly
longer than fore femur; palpus dark, with a white basal band on segments 2, 3;
rest of palpus missing; antenna plumose, shorter than proboscis; clypeus bare;
torus covered with white scales except on dorsal side; decumbent scales of vertex
all broad and flat; erect forked scales dark, not numerous, restricted to occiput;
vertex with a median stripe of broad white scales, with broad dark ones on each
side interrupted by a lateral stripe of broad white scales followed by a patch of
white broad ones ventrally. Thorax. Scutum with narrow dark scales and a prom-
inent median longitudinal stripe of similar white ones, median stripe narrows
slightly posteriorly and forks at beginning of prescutellar space, prescutellar line
with yellowish scales; posterior dorsocentral yellowish lines do not reach to middle
of scutum; supraalar line of broad white scales present; acrostichal bristles absent;
dorsocentral bristles present; scutellum with broad white scales on all lobes and
with a few broad dark ones at apex of mid lobe; anterior pronotum with broad
white scales; posterior pronotum with narrow dark scales on upper portion and
with broad white scales on lower portion forming a white stripe instead of a
white patch; paratergite with broad white scales; postspiracular area without
scales; subspiracular area without scales; patches of broad white scales on pro-
pleuron, on upper and lower sternopleuron and on upper and lower mesepimeron;
lower mesepimeral scale patch of medium size and narrowly connected to upper
mesepimeral scale patch; lower mesepimeron without bristles; metameron bare.
Wing. With dark scales on all veins except for a minute basal spot of white
scales on costa; first forked cell 1.5 times as long as its stem. Halter. With dark
scales. Leg. Coxae with patches of white scales; knee-spots present on all femora;
fore and mid femora dark anteriorly, paler posteriorly; hind femur anteriorly with
a broad white longitudinal stripe which widens towards base and is separated
from apical white knee-spot; fore and mid tibiae dark anteriorly, paler posteriorly;
hind tibia dark; fore tarsus with basal white bands on tarsomeres 1, 2; mid tarsus
missing; hind tarsus with basal white bands on tarsomeres 1-4, ratio of length of
white band to total length of tarsomere is 44, 44, 24 and 14; tarsomere 5 all white;
fore leg with tarsal claws unequal, larger one toothed, smaller one simple; hind
leg with tarsal claws equal, simple. Abdomen. Abdominal segment I with white
scales on laterotergite; tergum II with a small basal median spot and with lateral
white spots; terga III-V each with a complete sub-basal pale yellowish band con-
nected to lateral white spots. Terminalia. Basimere 3.5 times as long as wide; its
scales restricted to dorsolateral, lateral and ventral areas; with a patch of hairs on
the basomesal area of dorsal surface; mesal surface membranous; claspette simple,
slender, sternal and tergal sides parallel, rounded apically, with 6 modified setae
in a row on apical 14 of sternal side; lateral surface with hairs extending basad

distimere

basimere

paraproct

claspette

Bh
yy? ls

[]

i

Ned lth tergum
THEA
WN

ce.

Ke fy fis |
ee of
ZB 2

b

aedeagus

Aedes (Stegomyia) tongae Edwards

Fig. 2. Aedes (Stegomyia) tongae Edwards, holotype ¢, tergal aspect of
terminalia with claspette enlarged.

342 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

to about level of modified setae; apex tergally with hairs about % as long as
entire lobe length; distimere simple, elongate, as long as basimere, slightly swollen
near tip; with a spiniform process and a few hairs near apex; aedeagus with a
distinct sclerotized lateral toothed plate on each side; paraprocts without teeth;
cercal setae absent; ninth tergum with middle rounded and with a hairy lobe on
each side.

FEMALE. Based on 2 topotypic females, with same data as type male. De-
posited in British Museum. Essentially as in male, differing in the following
respects: palpus 144 of proboscis, with white scales on apical half. Wing with
first forked cell about 2 times as long as its stem. Mid tarsus which is absent in
the male, with basal white bands on tarsomeres 1, 2; fore and mid legs with tarsal
claws equal, simple. Abdominal tergum II dark dorsally with lateral white spots
only; terga III-VI each with a complete or incomplete sub-basal pale yellowish
band and with lateral white spots which are turned dorsomesally and connected
to sub-basal pale yellowish bands; tergum VII with lateral white spots only or
with a small basal median spot as well; segment VIII completely retracted.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I am grateful to Dr. Botha de Meillon for the helpful assistance in connection
with this paper and for critical review of the manuscript. I extend my thanks to
Mr. Vichai Malikul of the Southeast Asia Mosquito Project for his help in making
the drawings. I also wish to express my gratitude to Dr. P. F. Mattingly, Depart-
ment of Entomology, British Museum (Natural History), for the loan of the
specimens described above.

REFERENCES

BELKIN, J. N. 1962. The mosquitoes of the South Pacific. Univ. Calif. Press,
Berkeley, 2 vols., 608 and 412 pp.

EDWARDS, F. W. 1926. Mosquito notes.-VI. Bull. Ent. Res. 17:101-131.

RAMALINGAM, S. and J. N. BELKIN. 1965. Mosquito studies (Diptera,
Culicidae). III. Two new Aedes from Tonga and Samoa. Contr. Amer. Ent.
Inst. 1(4):1-10.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO, 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972 343

NEW SYNONYMY AND A CHANGE OF NAME IN
NORTH AMERICAN BUPRESTIS

(COLEOPTERA: BUPRESTIDAE )

One of the common species of Buprestis occurring in western North America has
been known for many years as Buprestis rusticorum Kirby (1837, Fauna Bor.
Amer. 4:151). Upon examining the type specimen of B. rusticorum in the British
Museum (Natural History) recently I found it not to be a representative of this
western species, but rather to be conspecific with the well-known B. maculati-
ventris Say, 1824 of eastern North America. Accordingly, I am here establishing
a new synonymy with B. rusticorum (Kirby) a junior synonym of B. maculativentris.
Another name, B. paganorum (Kirby, 1837) already in synonymy with B. rusti-
corum must also be associated with B. maculativentris.

A new name is now needed for the western species and Buprestis lecontei
Saunders (1871, Cat. Bupr. p. 40) must be the replacement. This name was
proposed by Saunders for Buprestis rusticorum of Gory (1840, Monogr. Bupr.
4:117) from “Californie,” the type of which is believed to be in the Museum
National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.

Witu1AM F. Barr, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83843.

CERATOPHYLLUS LARI HOLLAND IN EASTERN CANADA

(SIPHONAPTERA: CERATOPHYLLIDAE )

On 15 July 1971, 13 male and 12 female Ceratophyllus lari Holland 1951 were
collected from the nest of a herring gull (Larus argentatus smithsonianus Coues )
on Ciboux Island (outer Bird Island) off Cape Breton, Nova Scotia. Numerous
larvae were also recovered from the same nest. This represents the first published
record of a member of the niger species complex (C. niger Fox, C. rauschi Hol-
land, C. pelecani Augustson, and C. lari) in eastern North America, except for a
dubious record of C. niger in New York (Stewart, 1928, Cornell Univer. Agric.
Exp. Sta., Mem. 101:1868-1869).

C. lari was first reported from Whaleback Island, Great Slave Lake, Northwest
Territories from the nests of either California gulls (L. californicus Lawrence) or
herring gulls (L. a. smithsonianus) (Holland, 1951, Can. Ent. 83:281-289; 1959,
Can. Ent. 91:703—709). Clifford, et al. (1970, Jour. Med. Ent. 7:438-445) re-
ported either C. lari or C. pelecani from the nests of western gulls (L. occidentalis
Audubon), Brandt’s Cormorants (Phalacrocorax penicillatus (Brandt) ), and tufted
puffins (Lunda cirrhata (Pallas) ) on Goat Island and Hunter’s Island off Oregon.
A search of the literature failed to reveal any additional records of C. lari.

Acknowledgments: We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of George P.
Holland, Canada Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Ontario, for confirming
the identification of the fleas.

ANDREW J. MAIN, Jr. and Roperr C. Watts, Yale Arbovirus Research Unit,
Medical Entomology Section, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health,
Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven Connecticut 06510.

344 PROC. ENT, SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

WARREN SAMUEL FISHER
1878-1971

On May 2, 1971, near Fort Lauderdale, Florida, Warren S. Fisher passed away
following a brief illness, ending a long and remarkably healthy life of 92 years.
As a specialist on forest Coleoptera he served the Bureau of Entomology of the
U.S. Department of Agriculture very ably and very productively over a period of
35 years and 9 months. During this period he found the time and the resources
to do the taxonomic research that resulted in 135 published papers, a considerable
number of which are revisionary studies of large scope. In retirement since 1948,
he terminated his entomological work following the death of his wife in November
1953 and concentrated on gardening and his collection of postage stamps at his
home on a plot of a few acres near Falls Church, Virginia, and then subsequent
to February 1967 near Fort Lauderdale, Florida. His son, Wilbur, lived nearby
until 1957 when he passed away suddenly. Subsequently, his daughter, Catherine,
and her husband lived with him.

He was born April 4, 1878, at Highspire, Pennsylvania, and with two younger
sisters he grew up there in the vicinity of the Susquehanna River and the adjacent
forest-covered mountains, 7 miles below Harrisburg. As a boy he became inter-
ested in insects and snakes and developed an ambition to be a professional biolo-
gist. But almost two decades were to pass before any tangible realization of this
dream was to occur.

He attended the public schools of Highspire and was graduated from high
school. During his youth, he sold newpapers in the Steelton area near Harrisburg,
worked as a clerk in a country store and then as an assemblyman in a typewriter
factory. He participated in 100 mile round-trip bicycle excursions, a great sport
in the 1890's, and studied at the Harrisburg Business College receiving his diploma
in June, 1897. Then he worked for an extended period as a shipping clerk for the
steel mill at Steelton. He once recalled that while there he shipped all the steel
that went into the 14th Street Bridge which for almost 70 years was to be an
important link between Washington, D.C., and Northern Virginia. His friends,
tongue in cheek, referred to this imposing landmark as “Fisher’s Bridge.”

In 1906 he married Bertha V. Wilbar of Harrisburg. Of their two children,
Catherine, Mrs. Paul Csikos, survives him at Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Also sur-
viving are his younger sister, grandchildren and great grandchildren.

Of necessity Fisher carried out his studies of natural history in limited spare
time. But he continued to develop, and in September 1898 he received a Certifi-
cate of Achievement in Popular and Applied Science from the Philadelphia In-
quirer. Then, in 1902 there dawned a new era in his career as he was appointed
Assistant State Zoologist under Professor H. A. Surface, of the Pennsylvania De-

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972 345

partment of Agriculture at Harrisburg. In this position he had an opportunity to
develop his special interest in the Coleoptera and forest insects. He initiated
independent studies in the classification of Coleoptera in 1910 and published his
first paper, with his friend H. B. Kirk, on the Cerambycidae from Harrisburg and
vicinity which appeared in July 1912. Unlike his many taxonomic papers that
followed, this publication gives interesting glimpses into his and Kirk’s activities
in the field during the period 1906-1911; e.g., use of the right of way of a trans-
mountain gas pipe-line as a collecting route and the employment of acetylene
lamps for night collecting and observation. Fisher's entomological collections of
this early period are preserved in the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture at
Harrisburg.

On August 30, 1912, he was appointed Entomological Assistant with a unit
of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Insect Investigations, which was
headed by A. D. Hopkins. Fisher was among that group of gifted entomologists
brought together mostly at the East Falls Church Laboratory and included A. G.
Boving, Carl Heinrich, C. T. Greene, F. C. Craighead, T. E. Snyder, H. B. Kirk,
A. B. Champlain and others. In this position, Fisher was able to continue his
taxonomic studies with E. A. Schwarz as his mentor, but he was mostly engaged
in the investigation of Coleoptera associated with chestnut tree bark disease as
well as with dying oak and other forest trees. During 1914 and 1915 he carried
out field work at Linglestown, Shiremanstown, and near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
His deep interest and keen perception in carrying out field studies are clearly
evident in his unpublished notes which are currently filed in the U.S. National
Museum. He published two short taxonomic papers in his first position with the
U.S. Department of Agriculture.

On July 1, 1915, he was appointed Specialist on Forest Coleoptera initially
under E. A. Schwarz. He remained in this position with the U.S. Department
of Agriculture until his retirement 33 years later. His office was in the Natural
History Building of the Smithsonian Institution, and over most of the years con-
temporary with him were the coleopterists H. S. Barber, A. G. Boving and some-
what later L. L. Buchanan and E. A. Chapin.

In his assignment, Fisher was responsible for making identifications and pro-
viding information on wood-boring Coleoptera as well as a number of diverse
small families mostly in the Cucujoidea. In his research, he concentrated on tax-
onomic studies principally of the Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, Bostrychidae and
Anobiidae. Much of his study material was in the extensive collections of the U.S.
National Museum including the very important biologically annotated, often
reared, forest Coleoptera brought together under the direction of A. D. Hopkins
and his successors. In addition, Fisher borrowed many collections for study. Nota-
ble among these are those from Southeast Asia assembled by C. F. Baker, H. M.
Pendlebury, F. C. Drescher, and L. G. E. Kalshoven. Also, available to him were
biologically annotated and reared materials from the Indian Forest Research In-
stitute at Dehra Dun. In addition, he borrowed material from various museums
and studied types in those institutions in the Eastern United States, but he never
went overseas to study types or to do field work, largely because his wife was in
poor health with diabetes.

The assiduousness and taxonomic abilities he brought to this position included
long hours of cataloguing of the literature carried out at home in the evenings and
resulted in a beautifully arranged U.S. National Museum Collection and a steady

346 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

stream of taxonomic publications. They added up to 135 in all and included 8
large revisionary studies. His descriptions and keys are models of clarity and
organization, his reliance being upon meticulous and detailed description of ex-
ternal characters. By this means he usually attained diagnostic separations. In
only two of his works did he use genitalic characters. These, however, were the
large and important revisions of North American (north of Mexico) Agrilus and
the Chrysobothrini. It may be that he would not have utilized genitalia in these
had it not been for the urging of his colleagues. Except for figures of the genitalia,
his works are virtually without illustration.

Between 1916 and 1928 he made occasional visits to Plummers Island, earlier
as a guest of E. A. Schwarz, H. S. Barber and H. L. Viereck and later as a guest
of H. S. Barber and R. C. Shannon. He also accompanied H. S. Barber on various
trips into the field in later years, as well as G. B. Vogt in still later years. But
subsequent to 1915, Fisher almost completely discontinued his field studies of
insects in order to concentrate, at least initially, on the duties of his new job and
to have time for his family. However, his abilities as a field worker continued to
be manifest in an appreciation of biological data such as occurs with museum
specimens. As compared with many taxonomists his citation and interpretation
of such data in his papers are exceptional for accuracy and insight.

Two of his very few entomological undertakings in the field since 1915 are
noteworthy. Much of the spring and summer of 1918 he worked out of Lyme,
Connecticut on borers, mostly the two-lined chestnut borer, Agrilus bilineatus
(Weber) that were killing weakened shade trees in New England and on Long
Island, N.Y. During this assignment, he had occasion to make detailed observa-
tions on the biology of Agrilus lateralis (Say). He worked with a colony boring
in the stems of bayberry which had been discovered earlier by A. B. Champlain.
Fisher’s findings were published in 1922. Then, on April 7, 1923, in company
with H. S. Barber and E. A. Schwarz, he collected Trachykele lecontei (Gory)
from Cypress trees weakened and dying in the face of advancing sand hills at
Cape Henry, Virginia. His 3 specimens remain the only addition in the U.S.
National Museum Collections to the unique specimen collected at the same locality
by A. D. Hopkins on April 5, 1908.

Much of Fisher’s love of nature was expressed in his gardening. He maintained
a generous vegetable garden with his son, Wilbur; but his interest centered on
growing collections of primroses, Hemerocallis, chrysanthemums, iris, and unusual
bulbs, particularily the newer varieties of daffodils. Of special interest to him was
the phenology of development of exotic bulbs under the climatic conditions of his
homeplace.

Fisher corresponded with such notables in his field as Chr. Aurivillius and
Jan Obenberger. His letters to friends and associates were done with great care
and, if hand written, in an inimitably neat manner. He was always ready to help
and encourage the serious student whether he be advanced or just beginning.

He lived quietly, simply, thriftily and worked with devotion and with marked
effectiveness. Although he lacked an accredited college education, he left a monu-
ment of lasting entomological accomplishment.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We are indebted to Mr. and Mrs. Paul Csikos, Professor J. N. Knull and Dr.
F. C. Craighead for important information on Fisher’s earlier years. His portrait by

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972 347

R. H. Arnett is re-published from the Coleopterists’ Bulletin for March 1954. Reg-
isters of the Washington Biologists Field Club were examined for records of his
activity on Plummers Island.

Nn

Shen

1912.
1914.
TOTS:
fon:
ION.
1918.
1918.
1918.
1919.
1919.
1919.
1919.
1919.
1919.
1920.
1920.
1921.

1921.

1922.
1922.

1922.
1922.

1924.

HELENE G. CUSHMAN
Car. F. W. MUESEBECK
GrorcE B. Vocr, Chairman

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WARREN S. FISHER

Cerambycidae from Harrisburg, Pa., and vicinity, with notes. Ent.
News 23:308-316 (with H. B. Kirk).

A new species of Callichroma from Texas. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.
16:97-98.

One new genus and two new species of Cerambycidae. Proc. Ent.
Soc. Wash. 17:77-79.

A new species of Xylotrechus. (1916) Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.
18:214-216.

A new species of Agrilus from California. Can. Ent. 49:287-289.

A new Hoplia from Florida. Can. Ent. 50:140-142.

A new species of Longhorn infesting cowpeas from Mexico. (1917)
Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 19:173-174.

A new species of Agrilus from Florida. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 20:
67-68.

Chrysobothris tranquebarica Gmel. versus impressa Fabr. (1918)
Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 20:173-177.

A new genus and species of Cerambycidae from Colorado. Proc.
Ent. Soc. Wash. 21:38—40.

Note on Macrobasis murina Leconte. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 21: 1-2.

Five new species of ptinid beetles. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 55:295-299.

Descriptions of a new genus and species of Buprestidae from Ari-
zona. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 21:91-93.

Descriptions of new North American Ptinidae, with notes on an
introduced Japanese species. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 21:181-186.

A Mexican species of Agrilus found in Arizona. Ent. News 31:
100-102. (With Alan S. Nicolay).

A new genus and several new species of Cerambycidae. Proc. Ent.
Soc. Wash. 22:153-159.

New Coleoptera from the Philippine Islands. Family Buprestidae,
Tribe Agrilini. Philip. Jour. Sci. 18:349-447,.

A new cerambycid beetle from California. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.
23:206—-208.

A new cerambycid beetle from Santo Domingo. Ent. News 33:52.

New buprestid beetles from Borneo and the Philippine Islands.
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 61:1-18.

Notes on Agrilus lateralis Say. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 24:124-125.

The leaf and twig mining buprestid beetles of Mexico and Central
America. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 62:1-95.

A change of name in Buprestidae. (1923) Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.
25:190.

49.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

A new species of Brachys from Arizona. (Buprestidae) Proc. Ent.
Soc. Wash. 26:12—13.

A new species of Ataxia from the United States. (Cerambycidae )
Can. Ent. 56:253-254.

New buprestid beetles from the Philippine Islands. I. Philip. Jour.
Sci. 24:45-52.

Two new Mexican Cerambycidae. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 27:15—16.

Buprestid beetles collected by the Mulford Biological Exploration
in Bolivia. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 66:1-46.

A revision of the West Indian Coleoptera of the family Buprestidae.
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 65:1—207.

New West Indian Cerambycidae. Subfamily Lamiinae. Amer. Mus.
Novitates No. 174, pp. 1-16.

A new species of Leptostylus from the United States (Cerambyci-
dae). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 27:103-105.

A change of name in Buprestidae. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 27:144.

Buprestid beetles from the Maritime Province of Siberia. (On the
Insect Fauna of the Maritime Province of Siberia.) Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus. 68:1-8.

A new cactus weevil from Texas. Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15:425-
426.

A new species of Sambus from Manila (Buprestidae). Philip. Jour.
Sci. 28:45—46.

New Malaysian Cerambycidae: Subfamily Lamiinae. Philip. Jour.
Sci. 28:205-275.

A new Acmaeodera from Nevada infesting Purshia (Col.: Bupresti-
dae). Ent. News 37:114-115.

Descriptions of new West Indian Longicorn beetles of the Subfamily
Lamiinae. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 68:1—40.

Fauna samarensis:Coleoptera, Buprestidae. Philip. Jour. Sci. 31:
235-244.

Fauna sumatrensis (Beitrag No. 18). Buprestidae (Col.) Ent. Mitt.
15 (3-4) :282-295.

Fauna sumatrensis (Beitrag No. 37). Cerambycidae (Col.) Suppl.
Ent. No. 15, pp. 80-86.

New cactus beetles. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. (1926) 28:214—217.

A new cerambycid beetle from Colombia and Central America.
Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 29:23-24.

A new genus and species of Coleoptera from a termite nest in
Costa Rica (Family Anobiidae). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 29:49-50.

A change of name in Anobiidae. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 29:116.

New cactus beetles. II. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 30:1-7.

A revision of the North American species of buprestid beetles be-
longing to the genus Agrilus. U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 145, pp. 1-347.

New species of Jamaican Buprestidae and Cerambycidae. In
Catalogus Insectorum Jamaicensis. Jamaica Dept. Sci. Agric. Ent.
Bull. 4, pp. 16-18.

New species of buprestid beetles from Costa Rica. Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus. 76:1-20.

50.

51.

52.

53.
54.

55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.

61.
62.

63.

64.

65.

66.

67.

68.

69.

70.

as
72.

73.

7A,
75.

76.

2

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972 349

1930.

1930.

1930.

1930.
1930.

1930.
1930.
1930.
1931.
1931.
1931.

1931.
1932.

1932.

1932.

1932.

1933.

1933.

1933.

1933.

1933.

1934.
1934.

1934.

1934.
1935.

1935.

Notes on leaf mining Buprestidae with descriptions of new species.
Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. (1929) 31:177-182.

New West Indian Buprestidae and Cerambycidae. Can. Ent. 62:
7-11.

Notes on the rhinotragine beetles of the family Cerambycidae, with
descriptions of new species. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 77:1-20.

New West Indian Buprestidae. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 32:125-129.

A new species of Chrysobothris infesting strawberry plants. (Bu-
prestidae). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 32:149-152.

A new genus and two new species of Longhorn beetles from India.
(Cerambycidae). Indian Forest Records, Ent. Ser. 14:275-278.

New Malayan Buprestidae. Jour. Fed. Malay States Mus. 16:25-57.

New Bornean Buprestidae. Jour. Fed. Malay States Mus. 16:58-97.

A new Longhorn beetle from Costa Rica (Coleoptera: Cerambyci-
dae). Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 21:23-24.

A new leaf mining buprestid from the Canal Zone. Proc. Ent. Soc.
Wash. 33:42—-43.

A new ant-like cerambycid beetle from Honduras. Psyche 38:99-
101.

New cactus beetles, III. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 33:197-201.

New species of Exocentrus Mulsant from India (Cerambycidae ).
Indian Forest Records, Ent. Ser. 16:295-325.

New West Indian cerambycid beetles. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 80:
1-93.

New species of Exocentrus Mulsant (Cerambycidae). Stylops 1:
226-232.

A new species of Trachys from Borneo. Jour. Fed. Malay States
Mus. 17:144—-145.

New Cerambycidae from India. Indian Forest Records, Ent. Ser.
17:1-8.

Entomological investigations on the spike disease of Sandal (7).
The genus Exocentrus, Cerambycidae (Col.). Indian Forest
Records 18:1-5.

New Malayan Buprestidae (II). Jour. Fed. Malay States Mus.
17:361-374.

New species of buprestid beetles from Mexico and Central America.
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 82:1-47.

A new species of Agrilus from the Hawaiian Islands. Proc. Hawaiian
Ent. Soc. 8:249-250.

New species of Cerambycidae (Col.) from Java. Stylops 3:35—42.

Malaysian Cerambycidae (Coleoptera). Bull. Mus. Roy. Hist. Nat.
Belgique 10:1-6.

Cerambycidae from Sumatra, with descriptions of new species.
Miscellanea Zoologica Sumatrana 88:1-7.

New anobiid beetle from Canada. Can. Ent. 66:275-276.

Two new buprestid beetles from Puerto Rico. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.
37:30-32.

A new buprestid beetle from Cuba. Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat.
9:51-53.

78.

92.

99.
100.

101.
102.

103.

1935.

1935.
1935.

1935.

1935.

1935.

1936.

1936.

1936.

1936.

1936.

1936.

1936.

1937.

1937.
1937.

1937.

1937.

1938.
1938.

1938.
1938.

1939:
1939.

1940.
1940.

1940.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

A new genus of Buprestidae from Utah. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 37:
117-118.

New species of Buprestidae from Java. Treubia 15:27-48.

New West Indian cerambycid beetles. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 83:

189-210.

New cerambycid beetles from Puerto Rico. Jour. Agric. Univ. Puerto

Rico 19:51-63.

New eucnemid beetles from Puerto Rico. Jour. Agric. Univ. Puerto
Rico 19:65—-66.

Cerambycidae from Mount Kinabalu. Jour. Fed. Malay States Mus.
17:581-631.

New cerambycid and buprestid beetles from Cuba. Mem. Soc.
Cubana Hist. Nat. 9:271-273.

New cactus beetle from Argentine Republic (Cerambycidae). Proc.
Ent. Soc. Wash. 38:7-8.

New species of anobiid beetles from Puerto Rico. In Wolcott,
Insectae Borinquenses. Jour. Agric. Univ. Puerto Rico 20:238—
2492.

A new sphindid beetle from Cuba. Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat.
10:201-202.

Fauna Javanica (New Cerambycidae from Java). Tijdsch. Ent. 79:
169-198.

New buprestid and cerambycid beetles from Cuba. Mem. Soc.
Cubana Hist. Nat. 10:343-348.

New Malayan Buprestidae HI. Jour. Fed. Malay States Mus. 18:
173-177.

A new cerambycid beetle from Chile. Rev. Chilena Hist. Nat.
(1936) 40:324-326.

New Neotropical Cerambycidae (Col.). Rev. Ent. 7:145—-154.

New species of Buprestidae from Java. II. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.
39:231-236.

New cerambycid beetles belonging to the genus Oberea from Java.
Treubia 16:197—203.

A new cerambycid beetle injurious to orchids in Java. Ent. Meded.
Ned.-Ind. 3:53-54.

A new anobiid beetle from Alaska. Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 28:26—-27.

A new anobiid beetle injurious to books. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.
40:43-44,

New Neotropical Cerambycidae II. Rev. Ent. 8:135-153.

New Neotropical Buprestidae. Sbormik Entom. Odd. Nar. Musea
Praze 16:111—-145.

A new anobiid beetle from Oregon. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 41:26-27.

A new species of Vrilletta from California (Anobiidae). Proc. Ent.
Soc. Wash. 41:174—175.

New West Indian buprestid beetles. Psyche (1939) 46:156-166.

New Cerambycidae from India II. Indian Forest Records, n. s. Ent.
6:197-212.

A new species of Actenodes (Buprestidae). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.
42:176.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO, 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972 351

104, 1940. Results of the Oxford University Cayman Islands Biological Expedi-
tion, 1938. Descriptions of nine new species of Cerambycidae.
Ent. Mon. Mag. 77:108—115.

105. 1941. Notes on the Schaeffer types in the families Cebrionidae, Elateridae
and Throscidae. Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 36:118-122 (with M.
C. Lane).

106. 1941. New Coleoptera from Puerto Rico. Jour. Agric. Univ. Puerto Rico
25:37-39.

107. 1942. A new cerambycid beetle from Oregon (Coleoptera). Can. Ent.
(Cost

108. 1942. New West Indian cerambycid beetles, II. Torreia, No. 10, pp.
1-43.

109. 1942. A new species of Trixagus from the Hawaiian Islands (Coleoptera:
Trixagidae). Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc. 11:165—-166.

110. 1942. A revision of the North American species of buprestid beetles be-
longing to the tribe Chrysobothrini. U.S. Dept. Agric. Misc.
Pub. No. 470, pp. 1-275.

111. 1942. A new species of Buprestidae from Venezuela. Bol. Ent. Venezolana
1(4) :89-90.

112. 1943. New species of buprestid beetles of the genus Agrilus from Trinidad.
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 93:375-380.

113. 1943. Two new Buprestidae (Coleoptera). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 45:
201-203.

114. 1943. A new cerambycid beetle from the Canal Zone. Bol. Dept. Sanidad
Vegetal 3(1):12-14.

115. 1944. New American Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) from British Guiana
and Costa Rica. Zoologica 29: 1-2.

116. 1944. Cerambycidae of Caripito, Venezuela. Zoologica 29:3-12.

117. 1944. New species of buprestid beetles from Trinidad. Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus. 95:397—409.

118. 1944. A new species of Phloeonemus from Puerto Rico (Coleoptera:
Colydiidae). Jour. Agric. Univ. Puerto Rico 27:131-132.

119. 1945. New beetles of the family Eucnemididae from Central America and
the West Indies. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 96:79-93.

120. 1945. A new species of Oberea from Canada (Cerambycidae). Can. Ent.
GC: 56.

121. 1945. A change of name in Cerambycidae. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 47:251.

122. 1946. Synopsis of the cerambycid beetles of the genus Stenosphenus
Haldeman found in America, north of Mexico. Jour. Wash. Acad.
Sci. 36:86-94.

123. 1946. New cerambycid beetles belonging to the tribe Disteniini from
Central and South America. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 96:329-333.

124. 1947. New cerambycid beetles belonging to the tribe Rhinotragini. Proc.
U.S. Nat. Mus. 97:47-57.

125. 1947. New cerambycid beetles belonging to the tribe Rhinotragini from
South America. Amer. Mus. Novitates No. 1349, pp. 1-6.

126. 1947. New West Indian cerambycid beetles. IV. Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist.
Nat. 19(1):29-41.

Slaps PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

127. 1947. New Neotropical Cerambycidae, belonging to the genus Dorcasta
Pascoe. Rev. Ent. 18:173-182.

128. 1948. A change of name in Buprestidae. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 50:40.

1948. Results of the Oxford University Cayman Islands Biological Expedi-

tion, 1938. Descriptions of five new species and one variety of
Cerambycidae. Ent. Mon. Mag. 84:225-228.

130. 1949. A new anobiid beetle from British Columbia. Can. Ent. (1947)
79:236—237.

131. 1949. New buprestid beetles from Mexico, Central and South America and
and the West Indies. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 99:327-351.

132. 1950. A revision of North American species of beetles belonging to the
family Bostrichidae. U.S. Dept. Agr. Miscl. Publ. No. 698, pp.
157:

133. 1951. A new species of Elaphidion (Family Cerambycidae) from Cuba.
Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat. 20:77-79.

134. 1952. New cerambycid beetles belonging to the tribe Rhinotragini from
South America (Coleoptera). Amer. Mus. Novitates No. 1552,
pp. 1-17.

135. 1953. New cerambycid beetles belonging to the tribe Rhinotragini. Pan-
Pac. Ent. 29:14—-17.

SOCIETY MEETINGS

790th Regular Meeting—October 7, 1971

The 790th regular meeting of the Entomological Society of Washington was
called to order by President Edson J. Hambleton on October 7, 1971 in Room 43
USNM. Fifty-eight members and 26 guests were in attendance. Minutes of May
and June (banquet) meetings were read and approved.

Dr. Anderson of the membership committee read 3 names for membership.
They were Ernest Philip Rouse, Curator, Dept. of Entomology, University of
Arkansas, David E. Foster, graduate student, Entomology Dept., University of
Idaho and Thomas R. Yorke, Entomology Department, University of Missouri.

President Hambleton introduced the speaker for the evening Dr. Ernest C. Bay,
Head of the Entomology Department of the University of Maryland. Dr. Bay
subtitled his comments on the “Natural Enemies of Mosquitoes” as “Everyone
loves a mosquito—except people.” He richly illustrated the development of an
experimental pond observatory and the rearing of experimental material. Slides
of a large variety of plant and animal predators of the mosquito were shown and
comments made on their biology and effectiveness in controlling mosquitoes.

Dr. Gurney presented the first note of the evenieng showing slides of a summer
trip to the west. He included shots of research people and scenes from Idaho,
Washington, Oregon and California.

Dr. R. I. Sailer, not to disappoint anyone, brought 4 mason jars with stink bugs.
These were special bugs (Euchistus), however, as two contained single adult
males, sole survivors of a brood of brothers and sisters that became adult in August
1970. One of the males was the last survivor of five pairs that were placed

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972 353

together September 19, 1970. These were the progenitors of the Fi nymphs in
the third jar. The second male was the last survivor of 7 females and 7 males of the
same original brood that were held with the sexes separate until September 5,
1971. They were the parents of the F: nymphs contained in the fourth jar. While
these contemporaneous Fi and F, generations were obtained in a laboratory situ-
ation there is no apparent reason why the same phenomenon cannot occur in
nature. The problem posed in constructing life tables of populations composed
of multiple, contemporaneous generations was underscored.

Following introduction of guests, the meeting was adjourned at 9:40. Refresh-
ments were served.

Respectfully submitted, Dewey M. Caron, Recording Secretary.

791st Regular Meeting—November 4, 1971

The 79lst regular meeting of the Entomological Society of Washington was
called to order by President Edson J. Hambleton on November 4, 1971 in Room
43 USNM. Thirty-seven members and 21 guests were in attendance. The October
meeting minutes were read and approved.

Membership chairman Rainwater read the name of one new applicant. It was
Mazhar Jabil of the Ohio Department of Health.

Nominating committee chairman Gurney presented the committee’s slate of
candidates for next year. New president will automatically be the present presi-
dent-elect C. W. Sabrosky as provided by the Bylaws of the Society. The com-
mittee proposed that the present officers be retained for another year and for
the office of president-elect they nominated Arthur K. Burditt. The remainder of
the slate is as follows: Recording Secretary—Dewey M. Caron; Corresponding
Secretary—David R. Smith; Treasurer—Theodore J. Spilman; Editor—Paul M.
Marsh; Custodian—Robert D. Gordon; Program Chairman—F. Eugene Wood;
Membership Chairman—H. Ivan Rainwater; and Representative to Washington
Academy of Sciences—Reese I. Sailer.

Dr. Gurney made a few remarks of past presidents. He indicated an acquaint-
ance with 55 (of 67) past presidents and asked if others could improve this
statistic.

President Hambleton introduced the speaker of the evening Lt. Col. Bruce
Eldridge, Chief, Department of Entomology, Walter Reed Army Medical Center.
An abstract of his talk follows.

The 1971 Surveillance of Mosquitoes for V.E.E. Conducted by the De-
partment of Defense.—The northward movement of Venezuelan equine enceph-
alitis (VEE) through northeastern Mexico into Texas in the early summer of 1971
resulted in the U.S. Secretary of Agriculture declaring a national emergency.
Eventually, the U.S. Department of Agriculture by mutual agreement with the
U.S. Public Health Service requested that the Department of Defense conduct
surveillance of a four state area outside the then-known epidemic area of the south-
western United States. Ten 2-man teams collected mosquitoes from 28 July to
26 August, 1971, in areas of Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Louisiana. The
mosquitoes were identified and pooled at the Fifth U.S. Army Medical Laboratory,
Fort Sam Houston, Texas; processing for virus isolation was done at the U.S. Army
Medical Research Unit of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland. A _ total
of 501,992 mosquitoes comprising 52 species were collected, identified, and as-

354 PROC. ENT. SOC, WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

sembled into 13,192 pools from which 29 virus isolates were obtained. A single
isolate of eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) was obtained from a pool of Culiseta
melanura (Coquillett) collected in Louisiana. Twenty-six isolates of western
equine encephalitis (WEE) came from several species of mosquitoes (mostly Culex
tarsalis Coquillett) collected in areas of western Texas. An isolate of VEE was
obtained from a pool of Psorophora confinnis (Lynch Arribalzaga) collected in
Del Rio, Valverde County, Texas. An isolation was also made from a pool of the
same species collected in Evangeline Parish, Louisiana, but this isolate did not kill
guinea pigs by peripheral inoculation. The possibility exists, therefore, that the
isolate is the vaccine strain (TC-83) of VEE. If so, the mosquitoes would have
become infected by feeding on a recently vaccinated horse. This has not been
previously demonstrated for VEE.—Lt. Col. Bruce Eldridge.

The first exhibition of the evening was a Dipteran specimen of Dr. Bernard
Braun. Identification of the specimen, an ephedrid fly with mantid-like front legs
for prey capture, was performed by George Steyskal.

Two members brought a new book, American Entomologists by Arnold Mallis
for display. T. J. Spilman gave an interesting account of the book from Rutgers
University Press. He indicated that it is a very readable account with pictures
of the lives of 205 past entomologists. Technical achievements are discussed, of
course, but author Mallis also brings out the interesting personalities and personal
association of his subjects resulting in a more lifelike portrait. Reviewer Spilman
called it a delightful book. Entomology is so interesting; so are entomologists.
The book and a second brought by Ted Bissell were circulated for inspection.

Reese I. Sailer brought a bottle for display. This one contained what is surely
the world’s largest collection of stink bug eggs, somewhere near an estimated %
million. The eggs represent the production of captive females for which time
and space was not available for rearing of offspring. Several members inquired
about the taste of the caviar-like looking mass.

Maynard Ramsey highlighted a meeting he attended and at which he presented
an address in Rome, Italy of quarantine officials of several countries. He indicated
he also had to work after the meeting by touring marble and stone quarries in
northern Italy to discuss the problems of wood infesting species under quarantine.

After introduction of guests the meeting was adjourned at 9:15 P.M. Refresh-
ments were served.

Respectfully submitted, Dewey M. Caron, Recording Secretary.

792nd Regular Meeting—December 9, 1971

The 792nd regular meeting of the Entomological Society of Washington was
called to order by President Edson J. Hambleton on December 9, 1971 in Room
43 USNM. Thirty-one members and 17 guests were in attendance. The November
meeting minutes were read and approved.

This being the Annual Meeting, several officers presented annual reports of the
fiscal year November 1, 1970 to October 31, 1971. Treasurer Spilman began with
the finances. He reported a net worth of just over $11,000 of which $5,000 is a
certificate and $4,889 is a passbook savings account for Special publications. The
checking account containing both the general and Special publication funds had
a balance of $1,131. The general fund was actually a minus figure with one bill
of over $2,000 for the last issue of the Proceedings still outstanding.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972 355

Editor Marsh next presented his report. There were 4 numbers of the Proceed-
ings of 460 pages with 86 scientific papers and notes published. Finances were
again mentioned in this report as present page charges have not been sufficient
to cover rising costs. The recent executive committee action to raise the page
charges to $10 per page was briefly discussed.

President Hambleton summarized the annual reports of the Custodian, Corre-
sponding Secretary and the Recording Secretary. 631 persons attended society
meetings last year and a membership of 507 represents an increase of 7. Member-
ship is distributed among 46 states, D.C., 2 territories and 16 foreign countries
while the Proceedings go to 49 states, D.C., 2 territories and 42 foreign countries.

President Hambleton spoke briefly about his year as president. He thanked
officers for their reports and efforts in the past year. He also thanked the hospi-
tality chairman and committee for their much appreciated efforts.

Nominating committee chairman Gurney presented the committee’s slate of
officers for the next year. The nominees were as follows: President-elect—Arthur
K. Burdett; Recording Secretary—Dewey M. Caron; Corresponding Secretary—
David R. Smith; Treasurer—Theodore J. Spilman; Editor—Paul M. Marsh; Custo-
dian—Robert D. Gordon; Program Chairman—F. Eugene Wood; Membership
Chairman—H. Ivan Rainwater; and Representative to the Washington Academy
of Sciences—Reese I. Sailer. Nominations were called from the floor. There being
none Steyskal moved that nominations be closed. After a second by Sollers-Reidel
the motion carried. Russell moved that the secretary cast one ballot for the entire
slate. After second of Steyskal motion passed. The ballot was cast and confirmed
by President Hambleton.

President Hambleton next introduced the speaker of the evening Dr. Norris H.
Williams, Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. An
abstract of his talk follows.

Pollination of Orchids by Euglossine Bees.—The specialized structure of the
anther in the Orchidaceae necessitates an outside agent for the transport of
pollen from one flower to another. A number of mechanisms for attracting pol-
linators have evolved in the Orchidaceae, the most common being based on the
search for food or on one of several types of deceit. About 10% of the Orchidaceae
are pollinated by male bees of the tribe Euglossini (Apidae) which are attracted
solely to the odor of the flower. Flowers possessing the euglossine syndrome lack
food in the form of nectar for the visitors. The male euglossines collect various
volatile compounds with their front tarsi and transfer the odoriferous components
to their enlarged hind tibiae. Several genera of orchids have evolved pollination
systems based on attracting male euglossines and their transferring behavior, so
that the bee is forced through various types of falls, chutes, or traps. Such polli-
nation mechanisms were described for several species of Catasetum, Cycnoches,
Stanhopea, and Coryanthes, as well as for non-orchidaceous plants of the Araceae,
Gesneriaceae, and Solanaceae. A number of the components of orchid floral fra-
grances have been identified by the use of gas-liquid chromatography. The odor
components are commonly occurring monoterpenes and aromatic compounds such
as alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, cineole, linalool, benzyl acetate, methyl salicylate,
methyl cinnamate, and methyl benzoate. Field tests have shown that a given
species of bee may be attracted to one or more of these compounds. Some of the
compounds do not function as attractants, but serve to modify the attraction po-

356 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1972

tential of other compounds. The combination of compounds in an orchid floral
fragrance selectively attracts one or a very few species of bees, so that each species
of orchid often has a specific bee as its pollinator. The floral fragrance components
therefore serve two purposes: they not only serve as the force in attracting pol-
linators, but they also serve as isolating mechanisms by selectively attracting one
or a very few species of bees as pollinators. Three hypotheses were offered as to
why the bees are attracted to, collect, and store the floral fragrance components:
1) the compounds are necessary in the life of the bee and the bee is unable to
manufacture the compounds himself, 2) the male bee might modify the compounds
to serve as sex attractants in attracting females, or 3) the bee uses the compounds
to mark a territory and to attract a male swarm for mating with the female.—
Norris H. Williams, Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution, Washington,
D.C. 20560.

The single note for the evening also concerned bees. Dewey Caron noted the
recent controversy regarding the Dance Language Hypothesis in honey bees
whereby one bee by “dancing” is thought to pass information to other bees about
food or home sites. Two new books that cover aspects of the dance language and
reassert the validity of the hypothesis were presented. They were the revised
edition of “Bees, Their Vision, Chemical Senses and Language” by Karl von Frisch
with an introduction by Donald Griffin and “The Insect Societies” by Edward O.
Wilson.

Following introduction of several visitors, retiring President Hambleton called
upon past presidents Helen Sollers-Reidel and Louise Russell to escort 1972 Presi-
dent Curtis W. Sabrosky to the front of the room. There the gavel was passed
to President Sabrosky. Following a brief welcome and acknowledgment of the
many activities of retiring President Hambleton the meeting was adjourned at
10 P.M. Refreshments were served.

Respectfully submitted, Dewey M. Caron, Recording Secretary.

me Pa te Eesua
ee “+ ow heck
| Ah eo Law

v7 -

7 5 : > i <
2 g ‘ -
* ma} ¥
. = > n
. : Qo owe 7 Cn
rai G ems ina
. =
a a >
(aoe
@xall ¥ >
©
e
7
a
1
@
ae
fi
a —
7
s

>>

Oo
a oes,

—

¢

>
Ss
eo.

mae

oT a) 4 os

aed oe hae, apety ;
ne) auetidds ary a7 ee ie

Regi t® 4 lg Ditstion~ am ese oues
yt a i a

Fru rae. 0.4 nell i) oom Fe Aas

{
(Als Dog 0: a oa _ : ™

ae 4 - q
| : a * ‘
- pe .
@
~~
=
ae
ve
'
é

— le —————————

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Information for Contributors

Publication in the Proceedings is reserved for members only. Publication of
papers by non-members may be obtained after acceptance at a cost to the author
of $25.00 per printed page. Regular papers are published in approximately the
order that they are received. Manuscripts should not exceed 30 typewritten pages
including illustrations (approx. 15 printed pages). Excess pages beyond 15 per
article will be charged to the author at the rate of $25.00 per page. Papers of less
foo a printed page may be published as space is available at the end of longer
articles.

Manuscripts for publication, proof and other editorial matters should be
addressed to the Editor (for address, see inside front cover of this issue).

Typing—All manuscripts must be typed on bond paper with double-spacing and
ample margins. Carbon copies or copies on paper larger than 8% x 11 inches
are not acceptable. Do not use all capitals for any purpose. Underscore only
where italics are intended in the body of the text, not in headings. Number all
pages consecutively. References to footnotes in the text should be numbered
consecutively and typed on a separate sheet.

First page—The page preceding the text of the manuscript should include (1)
the complete title, (2) the order and family in parentheses, (3) the author’s
name or names, (4) the institution with city, state and zip code or the author's
home city, state and zip code if not affiliated, (5) in the upper left hand
comer, the complete name and address to which proof is to be sent.

Abstract—All manuscripts, including notes of one page or less, must be accom-
panied by an abstract suitable for publication. The abstract must be typed
on a separate sheet following the title page, should be brief (not more than
3% of the original), and written in whole sentences, not telegraphic phrases.

Names and descriptions of organisms—The first mention of a plant or animal
should include the full scientific name with the author of a zoological name
not abbreviated. Descriptions of taxa should be in telegraphic style.

References—Citations in the text of papers longer than one printed page should
be by author and date and should refer to a list of concluding REFERENCEs listed
alphabetically. See a recent issue of the Proceedings for style of references.
In shore: articles, references to literature should be included in parentheses
in the text.

Illustrations—No extra charge is made for line drawings or halftones. Authors
must plan their illustrations for reduction to the dimensions of the printed page
and the individual figures must be mounted on suitable board. Proportions of
full-page illustrations should closely approximate 454g x 6” (26 x 36 picas); this
usually allows explanatory matter to appear on the same page. On the back of
each illustration should be stated (1) the title of the paper, (2) the author’s
complete name and address, and (3) the number of the illustration such as
“No. 1 (of 3)” etc. Figures should be numbered consecutively. Plates will be
returned only at the author’s request and expense.

Figure legends—Legends should be typewritten double-spaced on separate
pages headed ExpLANATION OF FicurEs and placed following REFERENCES. Do
not attach legends to illustrations.

Proofs and reprints—Proofs and a reprint order will be sent to the authors by the
printer with explicit instructions for their return. All changes in proof (except
printer’s and editorial errors) will be charged to the author.

Page charges—All regular papers of more than one page will be charged at the
rate of $10.00 per printed page. Immediate publication may be obtained at the
rate of $25.00 per printed page. These charges are in addition to those for
reprints. Member authors who are retired or not affiliated with an institution
may request to have page charges waived. Charges made for immediate publica-
tion or to non-members will not be waived.

Acceptance of papers is based only on their scientific merit without regard to
the author’s financial support.

CONTENTS

(Continued from front cover)

MAIN, A. J., Jn. and R. C. WALLIS—Ceratophyllus lari Holland in eastern
Canada (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae)

MOCKFORD, E. L.—Psocoptera records from Easter Island

O'NEILL, K.—Mycterothrips Trybom, a review of the North American
species (Thysanoptera: Thripidae )

POLHEMUS, J. T.—Notes on the genus Nerthra, including the description
of a new species (Hemiptera: Gelastocoridae )

SMILEY, R. L. and G. L. WILLIAMS—A new genus and species of Chey-
letidae (Acarina)

SMITH, D. R.—Thomas Elliott Snyder, a bibliography

STEYSKAL, G. C.—The genus Acrometopia Schiner in North America
(Diptera: Chamaemyiidae )

STEYSKAL, G. C.—Notes on the genus Suillia in Mexico, with the descrip-
tion of a new species (Diptera: Heleomyzidae )

THOMPSON, F. C.—The genus Paratropidia Hull (Diptera: Syrphidae) —.

TOWNES, H.—The types of Neotropic Ichneumonidae in the Transvaal
Museum

YONKE, T. R—A new genus and two new species of Neotropical
Chariesterini (Hemiptera: Coreidae)

ZIMMERMAN, E. C.—On the Puerto Rican moth genus Aphanosara Forbes
(Lepidoptera: Cosmopteriginae )

WARREN SAMUEL FISHER, 1878-1971 ( Obituary)
SOCIETY MEETINGS

Vol. 74 DECEMBER 1972 No. 4

PROCEEDINGS

of the

NTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
of WASHINGTON

DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20560

PUBLISHED QUARTERLY

CONTENTS

ALLEN, H. W.—The redescription of Tiphia fenestrata (Khag’)-( Hymenop-

bene emriplniicae,)) as 0s hs ae el ee 381
ALLEN, H. W.—Corrections on “A Monographic Study of the Sey
Tiphiinae (Hymenoptera-Tiphiidae) of South America” — + A475

BOHART, R. M.—New North American Philanthus (Hymenoptera: Spheci-

BURKS, B. D.—The genus Hexacladia Ashmead (Hymenoptera: pie 363

CLARKE, J. F. G—Two pests of beans from tropical America (Lepidoptera:
CBee TeCeNC ae) i A Pe eee ee os Teed Peed ee ee a oa 5k AGG

CROSS, J. L.—New state records of aquatic insects from Virginia —-...... A76

DAVIS, D. R.—Vespina, a new name to replace the generic homonym
Careospina Davis (Lepidoptera: Incurvariidae) __.....-__-_---_------------ 472,

FEDDE, G. F.—An anomalous occurrence of the spruce aphid, Elatobium
abietinum (Walker), in western North Carolina (Homoptera: Aphididae) 379

FLUNO, J. A., H. G. DAVIS and W. M. ROGOFF—Chloropid flies at-
tracted to synthetic chemical lures __..__----_- UR Vee ae Sp ee 443

GORDON, R. D.—Additional notes on the taxonomy of the genus Zenoria

(G@pleopteras “Coceine licl ae.) ee se) et ae are sata 433
HEIE, O. E.—Ovatus reticulatus, a new species of aphid from Oxalis in
North ‘Carolina (/Homoptera: Aphididae), 2.2 446

(Continued on back cover)

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF WASHINGTON
ORGANIZED Marcu 12, 1884

OFFICERS FOR 1972

Curtis W. Sasrosky, President Paut M. Marsu, Editor
ARTHUR K. Burpirt, Jr., President-Elect Rosert D. Gorpon, Custodian
Dewey M. Caron, Recording Secretary F. EvuGENE Woop, Program Chairman
Davin R. Smirn, Corresponding Secretary H. Ivan RAINWATER, Membership Chairman
THEODORE J. SPILMAN, Treasurer REECE I. SaiLErR, Delegate, Wash. Acad. Sci.

All correspondence concerning Society business should be mailed
to the appropriate officer at the following address:

Entomological Society of Washington
c/o Department of Entomology
Smithsonian Institution
_Washington, D. C. 20560

Honorary President
C. F. W. MuEsEBECK

Honorary Members

FREDERICK W. Poos
ErnEst N. Cory
AvERY S. Hoyr

MEETINGS.—Regular meetings of the Society are held in Room 43, Natural History Building, Smithsonian
Institution, on the first Thursday of each month from October to June, inclusive, at 8 P.M. Minutes of meetings
are published regularly in the Proceedings.

MEMBERSHIP.—Members shall be persons who have demonstrated interest in the science of entomology. i
Annual dues for members are $7.00 (U.S. currency). i

PROCEEDINGS.—Published quarterly beginning with March by the Society at Washington, D.C. Members in
good standing are entitled to the Proceedings free of charge. Nonmember subscriptions are $10.00 per year, ©
both domestic and foreign (U.S. currency), payable in advance. All remittances should be made payable to
The Entomological Society of Washington.

The Society does not exchange its publications for those of other societies.

STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP

Title of Publication: Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington.
Frequency of Issue: Quarterly (March, June, September, December).

Location of Office of Publication, Business Office of Publisher and Owner: The Entomological Society of |
Washington, c/o Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560

Editor: Dr. Paul M. Marsh, same address as above.
Managing Editor and Known Bondholders or other Security Holders: none.

This issue was mailed December 30, 1972

Second Class Postage Paid at Lawrence, Kansas, U. S. A. 66044

ALLEN PRESS, INC. eee LAWRENCE, KANSAS 66044
Us.h

PROCEEDINGS OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Vol. 74 DECEMBER 1972 No. 4

AEDES GOULDI, A NEW SPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS AEDIMORPHUS
THEOBALD FROM WEST PAKISTAN
(DipTERA: CULICIDAE )"*

JouNn F. ReINert,* Department of Entomology, Walter Reed Army Institute of
Research, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, D.C. 20012

ABSTRACT—The female of Aedes (Aedimorphus) gouldi, n. sp. from West
Pakistan is described and illustrated. The relationship of gouldi to closely related
species is discussed. .

The subgenus Aedimorphus Theobald of the genus Aedes Meigen is
confined primarily to the African, Oriental and Pacific Islands Regions.
During the course of work on a revision of the subgenus in Southeast
Asia, material of the present new species was encountered in the U.S.
National Museum collection. Although West Pakistan lies outside of
the area included in the Southeast Asia revisionary study, the new
species aids in an understanding of the subgenus within this area.

The nomenclature and chaetotaxy used for the adult follow Belkin
(1962) and the terminology of the female genitalia follows Coher
(1948).

Aedes (Aedimorphus) gouldi, n. sp.
(Bigs 12)

FEMALE (fig. 1). Head. Antenna dark brown, approximately 1.05 length
of proboscis, torus brown with several small dark brown scales and a patch of
short fine brown hairs mesally, flagellomere 1 with basal 0.45 pale and with a
few small dark brown scales; clypeus dark brown, bare; maxillary palpus brown
scaled with golden scales intermixed, approximately 0.21 length of proboscis;
proboscis golden scaled with apical 0.25 darker, approximately 1.06 length of
femur I; vertex with dorsum covered with narrow curved decumbent scales, an
anteromedian golden group with a pale brown patch on each side and the re-

1 This work was supported in part by Research Contract No. DA-49-193-MD-
2672 from the U. S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Office
of the Surgeon General, and carried out at the Southeast Asia Mosquito Project,
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

* Immediate publication secured by full payment of page charges—Editor.

3 Major, Medical Service Corps, U. S. Army.

358 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

ae

SA
a

in

ii hint si
HMM hese
IL RVC ||

t——— 1.0 —+1

, !
Pad dbie Bh 8 obs}

2

t— 1.0—“4

goulds

PK.. Misahe

Fig. 1. Aedes gouldi, n. sp.: adult female morphology.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 359

mainder white; orbital line with narrow white scales and pale brown bristles;
lateral surface covered with broad golden-white scales and a small anterodorsal
dark brown patch; numerous brown and golden erect forked scales on occiput
and vertex extending to orbital line. Thorax. Scutal integument dark reddish-
brown; type specimens with scutum partially rubbed dorsally between anterior
dorsocentral bristles but remainder covered with narrow curved bronzy scales with
narrow curved golden-white scale patches on median anterior promontory area,
dorsocentral areas at anterior margin of scutum, large patch on supra-alar area
above anterior margin of paratergite extending to posterior of wing base and a
patch covering prescutellar space and among posterior dorsocentral bristles; scutel-
lum with a patch of broad and a few narrow curved white scales on each lobe;
anterior promontory, acrostichal, dorsocentral (anterior and posterior), humeral,
fossal (anterior and posterior), supra-alar, prescutellar and scutellar (lateral and
median) bristles golden-brown to reddish-black and well developed; pleural in-
tegument brown; anterior pronotal lobe with narrow curved golden scales, several
golden bristles; posterior pronotum with narrow curved scales, bronzy ones dor-
sally and remainder golden, 4—5 dark brown posterior bristles; propleuron with a
patch of broad golden scales, several golden-brown bristles; postspiracular area
with a patch of narrow curved golden scales, 10-12 golden bristles; subspiracular
area with a patch of narrow curved golden scales; sternopleuron with a patch of
broad golden scales on upper area and extending ventrally over posterior area,
several upper and posterior golden-brown bristles, lower ones shorter and golden;
prealar knob with 3-4 broad golden scales, numerous golden bristles; paratergite
with narrow curved golden scales; mesepimeron with a patch of broad golden-
white scales and several golden bristles on upper area; other pleural areas bare.
Legs. Coxae I-III each with several golden bristles, I and Il with anterior sur-
face covered with broad scales which are golden-brown on I and golden on I,
III with a small anteroventral and a posterior patch of broad golden scales; tro-
chanters I-III each with broad golden scales; femora I and III golden-white
scaled, I with brown scales intermixed anteriorly mainly on apical 0.50 and a
posteroventral longitudinal brown stripe on apical 0.75, III with a few intermixed
brown scales anteriorly mainly dorsally and numerous pale brown scales intermixed
on posterior 0.40, II with anterior and dorsal surfaces brown with a few golden-
white scales intermixed and a golden-white patch on dorsobasal 0.30, posterior
surface golden-white with a few pale brown scales intermixed becoming more
numerous on apical 0.30, I-III each with an apical white spot; tibia I with anterior
surface golden-white scaled with a number of brown scales intermixed, II golden-
white scaled with a ventral longitudinal brown stripe from base to apex, stripe
extends partially onto anteroventral and posteroventral surfaces, III golden-white
scaled with dorsal surface brown scaled and numerous pale brown scales inter-
mixed on anterior surface; tarsi I-III brown, I with tarsomeres 1-4 each with a
posterior longitudinal golden-white stripe, I] with tarsomeres 1-3 each with a
posterior longitudinal golden-white stripe, 1 also with dorsobasal 0.50 golden-
white, III with tarsomere 1 and basal 0.50 of 2 with a posterior longitudinal
golden-white stripe; tarsal claws I-III each with 2 ungues, I, II with ungues equal
each with a tooth, III with ungues equal and simple. Wing. Dorsal veins covered
with moderately broad brown scales; costa with a few golden-white scales at base
and along its posterior margin from just before humeral cross vein to apical 0.60;
remigium with golden-white scales along posterior margin; radius and cubitus each

360 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

m. Hasuname

Fig. 2. Aedes gouldi, n. sp.: female genitalia.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 361

with a few golden-white scales near base; ventral veins brown scaled with golden-
white scales along basal 0.30 of costa and basal 0.25 of subcosta; alula with narrow
pale brown scales along fringe; 1-2 remigial bristles. Halter. Stem pale, knob
golden-white scaled. Abdomen. Tergum I golden-white scaled, lateral tergite
with a rectangular patch of golden-white scales; terga II-VI each with a broad
longitudinal golden-white stripe on lateral surfaces and a basal golden-white band
connected with lateral pale stripe, bands broader mesally on II, III and forming
an incomplete dorsomedian stripe on IV, V and a complete dorsomedian stripe on
VI; U-V with a few golden-white scales along apical margin and VI with a
golden-white apical band; VII covered with golden-white scales with 2 indistinct
basal triangular-shaped pale brown spots; sterna covered with golden-white scales;
terga and sterna with numerous golden bristles, mostly along posterior and lateral
margins. Genitalia (fig. 2). Segment VIII almost completely retracted into
segment VII; tergum VIII broadly rounded apically; sternum VIII with a deep
median apical indentation; tergite IX bilobed with 6-8 bristles on each lobe, entire
surface covered with minute setae; cerci long, 0.75—0.90 extended and visible
dorsally, tergal surface covered with short bristles, apical ones longer, entire tergal
and sternal surfaces covered with minute setae; postgenital plate with a deep
median apical indentation with 7-9 bristles on each lobe, entire surface covered
with minute setae; posterior cowl membranous and covered with tiny setae; anterior
cowl, anterior and posterior sigma each moderately pigmented, narrow and covered
with minute setae; atrial plate well developed, pigmented; insula tongue-like, mem-
branous, covered with minute setae and with 3-4 tiny tuberculi on anterior 0.25;
3 pigmented, spherical spermathecae, 1 large and 2 slightly smaller ones.
MALE, PUPA AND LARVA. Not known.

TYPE DATA. Aedes (Aedimorphus) gouldi, holotype female,
WEST PAKISTAN, Lahore, Shah Zada, IX-19-1962, D. J. Gould col-
lector; 3 paratype females with same data as holotype; 2 paratype
females with same data as holotype except date, VIII-30-1962; and
2 paratype females with same data as holotype except town and date
which are Kahna Kacha, VIII-28-1962. Holotype and 6 paratypes de-
posited in United States National Museum (Natural History), Wash-
ington, D.C., and 1 paratype deposited in the British Museum (Natural
History), London, England.

DISTRIBUTION. Known only from Shah Zada and Kahna Kacha,
Lahore district, West Pakistan.

BIOLOGY. All specimens were taken while biting cattle.

TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION. Aedes gouldi resembles in habitus
pallidostriatus (Theobald), mediolineatus (Theobald) and pampan-
gensis (Ludlow). The following features of gouldi distinguish it from
closely related species: scutellum with broad and a few narrow white
scales on each lobe; no apparent pale scaled stripes on scutum; pos-
terior pronotum with 4-5 bristles; postspiracular area with 10-12
bristles; propleuron with broad golden scales; and wing with anterior
margin of costa brown scaled. Aedes pallidostriatus possesses: scutellum
with narrow curved whitish-golden scales on each lobe; scutum with

362 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

2 distinct and 1 indistinct longitudinal pale scaled stripes; posterior
pronotum with 9-10 bristles; postspiracular area with 7-8 bristles;
propleuron with narrow curved golden scales; and wing with anterior
margin of costa golden scaled. Aedes mediolineatus possesses: scutel-
lum with narrow curved golden scales on each lobe; scutum with 3
distinct longitudinal pale scaled stripes; posterior pronotum with 6-8
bristles; postspiracular area with 7-10 bristles; propleuron with narrow
golden-white scales; and wing with anterior margin of costa brown
scaled. Aedes pampangensis possesses: scutellum with overlapping
broad silvery scales on each lobe; scutum without pale scaled stripes;
posterior pronotum with 6-7 bristles; postspiracular area with 6-7 bris-
tles; propleuron with broad white scales; and wing with anterior margin
of costa brown scaled. Aedes gouldi is also similar in habitus to tri-
maculatus (Theobald) and nigrostriatus (Barraud) but can be easily
separated from these 2 species by the dark reddish-brown scutal in-
tegument while the latter species has a pale integument with dark
stripes and trimaculatus has a dark reddish-brown integument with
pale spots. Aedes trimaculatus also has the scutellum with narrow
curved reddish-brown scales on median lobe and narrow curved golden
scales on the lateral lobes while nigrostriatus has the scutellum with
narrow curved golden scales on each lobe and a few narrow curved
reddish-brown scales on laterobasal areas of median lobe.

This species is named for Dr. D. J. Gould, SEATO Medical Research
Laboratory, Bangkok, Thailand, in recognition of his valuable support
in providing many mosquito specimens to the Southeast Asia Mosquito
Project.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

My sincere appreciation is expressed to Dr. Botha de Meillon, Responsible In-
vestigator, Southeast Asia Mosquito Project, and LTC Bruce F. Eldridge, Chief
of the Department of Entomology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, for
critically reviewing the manuscript. Special thanks are given M. Misaki and M.
Hasunuma of the Department of Entomology, U. S. Army 406th Medical Labora-
tory, Japan, for preparing the illustrations. I am especially grateful to my wife,
Mollie, for typing the manuscript.

REFERENCES

BELKIN, J. N. 1962. The mosquitoes of the South Pacific. Univ. Calif. Press,
Berkeley. 608 and 412 pp.

COHER, E. I, 1948 (1949). A study of the female genitalia of Culicidae:
With particular reference to characters of generic value. Ent. Amer. 28(3):
75-112.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 363

THE GENUS HEXACLADIA ASHMEAD
(HYMENOPTERA: ENCYRTIDAE)

B. D. Burks, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service,
U. S. Department of Agriculture’

ABSTRACT—Hexacladia Ashmead is a remarkable genus having males with
branched antennae. It should be placed in the tribe Encyrtini, with Encyrtus La-
treille, but a subtribe Hexacladiina is required for it. All the species of Hexacladia
occur in North or South America and parasitize Hemiptera-Heteroptera of the
families Pentatomidae, Coreidae, or Pyrrhocoridae. Six species are treated, 2 of
which are new: H. leptoglossi, from Leptoglossus phyllopus (L.), and H. hilaris,
from Acrosternum hilare (Say).

In 1891 Ashmead described Hexacladia, which he called a “remark-
able” new encyrtid genus from Brazil that had a male with branched
antennae (Ashmead, 1891). He ventured no opinion about it relation-
ships with other encyrtid genera because L. O. Howard was just then
preparing a paper on the encyrtid genera having males with branched
antennae. A few months later, Howard’s paper appeared, and he dis-
cussed all the known encyrtid genera having this kind of males, in-
cluding Hexacladia (Howard, 1892). His conclusion was that the
encyrtids having males with branched antennae “can not be said to
form a natural group.” That opinion is still held today, for the encyrtid
genera with males having branched antennae are scattered throughout
the family in current classifications. Howard was, however, rather of
the opinion that Hexacladia should form a tribe of its own, because
he was unable to relate it to any other encyrtid genera.

In his 1900 classification, Ashmead included Hexacladia in the tribe
Mirini, the huge tribe that included over two-thirds of the encyrtid
genera known to him at that time (Ashmead, 1900). His 1904 classi-
fication was very little different, leaving Hexacladia buried in the
Mirini (Ashmead, 1904). Schmiedeknecht’s classification, being almost
a literal translation of Ashmead’s from English into German, made no
change in the placement of Hexacladia (Schmiedeknecht, 1909).

Two years later Crawford described the genus Sophencyrtus from
a single female specimen that had been reared from the adult of a
pyrrhocorid bug in Peru (Crawford, 1911). He decided that its char-
acteristics would place it “in the Encyrtini rather than in any other
group. Later on Girault (1917) recognized Sophencyrtus as a syno-
nym of Hexacladia. Crawtord’s opinion, however, that it should be
assigned to the Encyrtini was a very illuminating opinion, because it
showed for the first time the true relationships of this genus.

1 Mail address: c/o U. S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560.

364 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

When Hoffer (1955) published his tribal classification of the En-
cyrtidae, he based it almost entirely on European genera, so he did
not consider Hexacladia. He included only the genus Encyrtus La-
treille in the Encyrtini. Crawford had a very good eye for relation-
ships, however, so it is instructive to list the similarities between
Hexacladia and Encyrtus. Those similarities are as follows:

Both have similar blunt, broad mandibles; head broad, with occipital
margin sharply carinate; middle and hind tarsi each with basal seg-
ment elongate; propodeum elongate, propodeal spiracles round and
relatively large; axillae elevated above level of base of scutellum; fore-
wing with a thickened bulla at point of divergence of obsolete vein Rs
in submarginal vein and a darkened cross-fascia on wing at this point;
marginal vein short and thick, postmarginal and stigmal veins long,
equal to or longer than marginal; hindwing with broad costal cell;
and female gaster without paratergites.

On the other hand, there are great differences between Encyrtus
and Hexacladia. In Hexacladia the female antenna has the first fu-
nicular segment greatly lengthened and the club is unsegmented; the
male antenna has long branches on the funicular segments; the scutel-
lum is without an apical brush of bristles; and the female apical gastral
sternite is strongly plowshare-shaped, with unique modifications at its
posterior margin. In Encyrtus the male and female antennae are quite
unlike those in Hexacladia, there is a strong tuft of bristles on the
scutellum, and the apical gastral sternite is weakly developed into a
plowshare-like structure, and lacks the distinctive modifications of the
posterior margin found in Hexacladia.

Biologically, also, the two differ. Encyrtus parasitizes Hemiptera-
Homoptera of the family Coccidae. Hexacladia parasitizes free-living
Hemiptera-Heteroptera of the families Pentatomidae, Coreidae, and
Pyrrhocoridae, emerging from the adult bugs or, occasionally, from
the mature nymphs.

If these two genera are to be placed in the same tribe it will be
necessary to form subtribes for their logical reception, the genus
Encyrtus being placed in the Encyrtina and Hexacladia in the Hexa-
cladiina.

De Santis (1965) has proposed a subtribe Hexacladii of the Mirini
for Hexacladia, far removed from any relationship with the Encyrtini.

Genus Hexacladia Ashmead

Hexacladia Ashmead, 1891, Ins. Life 3:456.—Howard, 1892, Proc. U. S. Natl.
Mus. 15:364.—Dalla Torre, 1898, Cat. Hym. 5:230.—Ashmead, 1900, Proc.
U. S. Natl. Mus. 22:377.—Ashmead, 1904, Mem. Carnegie Mus. 1:301, 308,
377.—Schmiedeknecht, 1909, Gen. Ins., fase. 97:235.—Timberlake, 1926, Proc.
U.S. Natl. Mus. 96(3):12.—De Santis, 1965, An. Com. Iny. Cien. Prov. Buenos

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 365

Aires 4:114.—De Santis, 1967, Com. Inv. Cien. Prov. Buenos Aires, Cat. Hym.
Argentinos Serie Parasitica, p. 154.

Type-species: Hexacladia smithii Ashmead. Monotypic.

Sophencyrtus Crawford, 1911, Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus. 41:275.—Girault, 1917,
Descr. Stell. Nov., p. 5 (= Hexacladia).

Type-species: Sophencyrtus townsendi Crawford. Original designation.

Generic description—Female: Mandible, fig. 2, blunt at apex, without denticles,
angularly produced at apicodorsal angle, as in Encyrtus; maxillary palpus with 4
segments, labial with 3. Malar furrow absent. Antennae inserted approximately
in center of frons, above level of ventral margins of compound eyes, apices of
scapes exceeding level of vertex. First funicular segment elongate; antennal club
unsegmented. Occipital margin sharply carinate, lateral ocelli located near or
touching occipital margin.

Praescutum without traces of notaulices; axillae elevated above level of base
of scutellum, as in Encyrtus. Scutellum semiglobose in shape. Forewing heavily
shaded with dark brown, a narrow cross-fascia at point of divergence of obsolete
vein Rs from submarginal vein, as in Encyrtus, and disc of wing mostly brown, a
hyaline streak along path of obsolete vein Cui; venation much as in Encyrtus, with
marginal vein short and thick and stigmal and postmarginal veins relatively long;
submarginal vein with an enlarged bulla at point of divergence of obsolete vein
Rs. Hindwing with costal cell broad. Each tarsus of middle and hind pair with
basal segment long, subequal in length to segments 2 and 3 combined.

Propodeum long, its median length approximately 4% as great as length of
scutellum; propodeal spiracles round, located near anterior propodeal margin.
Gaster subequal in length to thorax. Apical gastral sternite produced posteriorly
in the form of a plowshare, its posterior margin having a minute median notch,
or a minute, projecting point, or a deep median indentation, in all cases a pair
of clasperlike projections present lateral to median structures. Ovipositor normally
not visible, when extruded, it is elongate and slender. Ovipositor sheaths wide,
laterally compressed usually not reaching apex of gaster, but sometimes slightly
exceeding it. Paratergites absent.

Male: Very similar to female, but dark shading in forewing less extensive and
gaster shorter. Antennal funicle with 6 long branches, and first segment short;
club solid or 3-segmented. Genitalia with highly modified sagittae and volsellae
in the various species.

All the species for which hosts are known are parasites of Hemiptera-
Heteroptera of various families. The known species occur in North
or South America.

Kry TO SPECIES

1. Female; funicular segments of antenna without branches and first funicular

SECTS Nach ake ae. a SS oe eS ee 2
Male; funicular segments with branches and first funicular segment short,
a | ee a REASONED a) fA ITES IO De ib eee oy es ee Se 6

2. First funicular segment 11% times as long as second and less than 4 times
as long as wide at widest point, fig. 8; apical gastral sternite bearing a
minute, projecting point on meson of posterior margin —__ leptoglossi, n. sp.

366 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

Figs. 1-11. Hexacladia spp.: 1, blanchardi De Santis, ¢ antenna (after De
Santis, 1965); 2, hilaris, n. sp., mandible; 3, smithii Ashmead, 2 apex of terminal
gastral sternite; 4, smithii, @ antenna; 5, mexicana Girault, 9 antenna; 6,
hilaris, 2 apex of terminal gastral sternite; 7, townsendi (Crawford), 2 apex of
termial gastral sternite; 8, leptoglossi, n. sp., 2 antenna; 9, smithii, ¢ genitalia;
10, leptoglossi, 8 genitalia; 11, hilaris, 8 genitalia.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 367

First funicular segment 2 or more times as long as second and 5 or more
times as long as wide at its widest point, figs. 4, 5; posterior margin of
apical gastral sternite deeply indented or shallowly notched on meson,

WIGS. Gh Gh sol eed OED ec 2 es OAL ee Mee ee 3
3. Posterior margin of apical gastral sternite deeply indented on meson, figs.
Se (ee eI 88) eh SE hod: ce ee mes Be POEs ed Sea 4
Posterior margin of apical gastral sternite shallowly notched on meson,
DiGi 1B) ina A a RN LIL g Lees Sa ee E 5

4, First and second funicular segments clothed with straight hairs; submedian
projections at apex of apical gastral sternite almost straight, fig. 6; North
PATCH Cameras ae) A eS ey A ee SL hilaris, n. sp.

First and second funicular segments clothed with hairs having recurved
tips; submedian projections at apex of apical gastral sternite strongly in-

curved at tips, fig. 7; South America townsendi (Crawford)
5. Antennal club linear, fig. 4; Brazil and Trinidad er smithii Ashmead
Antennal club expanded in the middle, fig. 5; Mexico mexicana Girault

6. Lateral branch of sixth funicular segment extremely short, fig. 1
A a AM st a ees ma a or TOR blanchardi De Santis
Lateral branch of sixth funicular segment at least as long as segment itself _ 7

7. Lateral branch of first funicular segment relatively short, only as long as

first and second segments combined; sagitta of genitalia shouldered,
1 Fe | 0 jk le em a er OTE IPE AT, ee, SOO CINE Rd leptoglossi, n. sp.

Lateral branch of first funicular segment longer, as long as first 3 segments;
Sagitta, not! shouldered dassg Olle sammie etme oo Ey ee 8

8. Hind tibia broadened and subflattened at apex; sagitta gradually tapering
to;a, marrow, apex: fig. (ll: North; Amerntcay= = hilaris, n. sp.

Hind tibia narrower at apex than at middle; sagitta stout, apex broad,
nes 9! South Amenicage ts 2ls iene eee seen eee ee hte smithii Ashmead

Hexacladia blanchardi De Santis

Hexacladia blanchardi De Santis, 1965, An. Com. Inv. Cien. Prov. Buenos Aires
4:116. é.—De Santis, 1967, Com. Inv. Cien. Prov. Buenos Aires, Cat. Hym.
Argentinos Serie Parasitica, p. 154.

Type locality—Baradero, Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Types.—Two male specimens in La Plata collection.
Host.—Unknown.

Distribution.—Argentina.

The female is unknown.

Species placed from the published description.

Hexacladia hilaris, n. sp.

Female.—Length, 2.5-3.0 mm. Head, thorax, and propodeum dark tan, gaster
black; antennae and legs yellowish tan, with antennal club darkened and tarsi
pale; dorsum of thorax and hind tibiae may be darkened. Forewing with a dark
brown cross-fascia at point of divergence of obsolete vein Rs from submarginal,
a large dark brown median cloud across wing from marginal vein and a round

368 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

cloud in disc of apical third of wing, the latter more or less broadly joined to
median cloud. Median cloud interrupted by path of obsolete vein Cus. Hindwing
hyaline.

Mandible, fig. 2, blunt, without denticles. Height of compound eye 1445 width
of malar space. Clypeus deeply depressed, labrum visible and projecting straight
anteriorly over mouth opening. Antenna, with scape expanded at apex, pedicel
short, funiculus clothed with short, straight hairs, first funicular segment as
long as segments 2 and 3 combined; club as long as first funicular segment.
Lateral ocelli located a short distance anterior to occipital margin; ocellocular line
146 times as long as postocellar line. Surface of frontovertex smooth, unpunctured,
with scattered, fine, short hairs.

Praescutum smooth, shining, sparsely clothed with short hairs; axillae minutely
reticulated and dull; scutellum with surface minutely and closely striated, the
pattern of striations longitudinal in basal half of scutellum and transverse on its
apical half. All coxae clothed with dense, silvery, short hair. Forewing with sub-
marginal vein 3% times as long as marginal, postmarginal and stigmal veins
equal in length, each as long as marginal.

Propodeum smooth and shining laterally, an irregular, narrow, median reticulated
area present. Gaster smooth and shining, a few setae and bristles present only at
posterior end. Ovipositor sheaths heavy, in side view showing a prominent sub-
apical angle, then tapering to slender apices, these apices not reaching apex of
gaster. Apex of apical sternite deeply indented on meson, a pair of slender, sub-
median projections present, fig. 6. Gaster as long as thorax.

Male.—Length, 2.25-2.75 mm. Head dark tan, thorax and propodeum tan with
more extensive dark shading than in female; gaster black. Middle and hind legs
mostly black, fore legs tan; mid tibiae often light; forewing with only a short
cross-fascia at point of divergence of obsolete vein Rs and dark cloud at marginal
vein extending only half way across wing; apical spot absent. Antenna with 6
long branches. Gaster 35 as long as thorax. Genitalia with sagitta tapering to a
narrow point, fig. 11.

Type locality—Independence, Kansas.

Type.—U.S.N.M. catalog number 71974.

Described from 152 and 13é specimens. Holotype 2 and 10 °
paratypes, Independence, Kansas, reared September 8, 1970, from adult
Acrosternum hilare (Say), by R. I. Sailer; 22 paratypes, same data,
but September 9, 1970; allotype ¢ and 10¢ paratypes [all F, progeny
of a female from the above lot that had been reared September 8,
1970], emerged November 2, 1970, from adult Acrosternum hilare, R. I.
Sailer; 32, 1é paratypes, Wooster, Ohio, reared August 11, 1959, from
adult Acrosternum hilare by G. M. Kelly; 12, 1¢ paratypes, Wooster,
Ohio, reared June 28, 1960, from adult Acrosternum hilare by G. M.
Kelly.

Biological relationships.—This is a primary parasite of the northern
green stink bug, Acrosternum hilare (Say), (Pentatomidae ), usually
emerging from the adults, but sometimes emerging from the mature
nymphs.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 369

Hexacladia leptoglossi, n. sp.

Female.—Length, 2.5 mm. Face, antennal scape, and fore legs pale tan; fronto-
vertex, antennal flagellum, thorax, propodeum, and middle and hind legs dark
brown; gaster black; forewing with a narrow, dark brown cross-fascia at point
of divergence of obsolete vein Rs from submarginal vein, a dark brown cloud
extending across wing from marginal and stigmal veins, and a discal cloud in
apical third of wing, the apical cloud joined to median cloud; hindwing hyaline.

Mandible blunt, without denticles. Height of compound eye 114 times width
of malar space. Clypeus deeply depressed, labrum visible, but minute and hardly
projecting over mouth opening. Antennae inserted slightly above center of frons;
antenna, fig. 8, with first funicular segment relatively short and less slender than
in hilaris. Lateral ocelli touching occipital margin; ocellocular and postocellar
lines equal in length. Surface of frontovertex very faintly sculptured.

Praescutum, axillae, and scutellum minutely reticulated, subshining. Coxae with
sparse, short, silvery hair. Forewing with stigmal vein twice as long as marginal,
stigmal and postmarginal veins equal in length.

Propodeum smooth. Gaster smooth, subshining, as long as thorax. Ovipositor
sheaths straight on ventral margins, their apices just reaching apex of gaster; apical
gastral sternite bearing a minute, projecting point on meson of its posterior
margin.

Male.—Length, 2.0 mm. Color as in female, except that median cloud of fore-
wing extends only half way across wing and apical cloud is absent. Antenna with
branches relatively short. Genitalia, fig. 10, with sagitta prominently shouldered.

Type locality—Gainesville, Florida.

Type.—U.S.N.M. catalog number 71977.

Described from 12, 14 specimens. Holotype 2, allotype ¢, reared
April 14, 1955, at Gainesville, Florida, from adult Leptoglossus phyl-
lopus (Linnaeus), by C. N. Patton.

Biological relationships—This is a primary parasite of the leaf-
footed bug, Leptoglossus phyllopus (Linnaeus) (Coreidae), emerging
from the adult.

Hexacladia mexicana Girault

Hexacladia mexicana Girault, 1917, Descr. Stell. Nov., p. 5. 9.

Type locality —Oaxaca, Mexico.

Type.—U.S.N.M. catalog number 20085. The original description
does not state how many specimens were included in the type series,
but the Museum catalog shows that the species was based on 1 female
specimen.

Host.— Unknown.

Distribution —Mexico.

The male is unknown and the female is known from only a single
type specimen. It shows that the apical gastral sternite is shallowly
notched on the meson of the posterior margin and that there are two
slender, submedian projections.

G2
|
=)

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

Hexacladia smithii Ashmead

Hexacladia smithii Ashmead, 1891, Ins. Life 3:456. 2, ¢.—Ashmead, 1900, Proc.
U. S. Natl. Mus. 22:377.—Ashmead, 1904, Mem. Carnegie Mus. 1:496.—Costa
Lima, 1930, Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 23:159.—Costa Lima, 1949, Bol. Soc.
Bras. Agr. 11/(1/):6:

Type locality—Chapada, Brazil.

Types.—U.S.N.M. catalog number 4743. Described from 2 male,
1 female specimens. Lectotype male labeled, “April, Chapada, Hexa-
cladia smithi 6 Type Ashm.” Present designation of lectotype.

Hosts.—Holymenia clavigera Herbst (Coreidae ), Pachycoris torridus
Scopoli (Pentatomidae), Tetyra pinguis (Germar) (Pentatomidae).

Distribution—Known from Brazil and the Island of Trinidad.

The female apical gastral sternite has a small median notch on the
posterior margin and a pair of slender, submedian projections, fig. 3.
The male genitalia, fig. 9, have the sagitta broad at the apex.

Hexacladia townsendi (Crawford )

Sophencyrtus townsendi Crawford, 1911, Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus. 41:276. 9.
Hexacladia townsendi (Crawford) Girault, 1917, Descr. Stell. Nov., p. 5.—Wille,
1943, Ent. Agr. Peru, Est. Exp. Agr. La Molina, p. 28.

Type locality —Piura, Peru.

Type.—U.S.N.M. catalog number 13869. Described from 1 female
specimen. There are 3 additional female specimens of this species in
the U.S.N.M. collection that have the same data as the type, but they
were not included in the type series.

Host.—Stenomacra sp. (Pyrrhocoridae ).

Distribution.—Peru.

The male is unknown. The female apical abdominal sternite is
deeply incised on the meson of the apical margin and bears a pair of
prominent, recurved submedian projections, fig. 7.

REFERENCES

ASHMEAD, W. H. 1891. An encyrtid with six-branched antennae. Ins. Life
3:455—-457.
1900. On the genera of the chalcid-flies belonging to the sub-
family Encyrtinae. Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus. 22:323-412.
1904. Subfamily I. Encyrtinae in Classification of the chalcid
flies. Mem. Carnegie Mus. 1:292-311.
CRAWFORD, J.C. 1911. Descriptions of new Hymenoptera. Proc. U. S. Natl.
Mus. 41:267-282.
DE SANTIS, L. 1965 (1963). Encirtidos de la Republica Argentina. An.
Com. Inv. Cient. Prov. Buenos Aires 4:11-398, 12 pls.
GIRAULT, A. A. 1917. Descriptiones Stellarum Novarum, 22 p.
HOFFER, A. 1955. Phylogeny and taxonomy of the family Encyrtidae. Acta
Mus. Natl. Prag. 11(B) :3—22.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 371

HOWARD, L. O. 1892. Insects of the subfamily Encyrtinae with branched
antennae. Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus. 15:361-369.

SCHMIEDEKNECHT, O. 1909. Hymenoptera Fam. Chalcididae. Gen. Ins.,
fasc. 97, 550 p.

TAXONOMIC NOTES ON THE GELECHIOIDEA
PART I: THE GENUS INGA
( LEPIDOPTERA )

RonaLtp W. Honces, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research
Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture’

ABSTRACT—Hight generic synonyms of the New World genus Inga are made,
and 77 species are transferred to Inga. A list of the known species and recog-
nized synonyms is presented.

In the process of discussing the geographic distribution of the genus
Inga Busck for a manuscript on the Oecophoridae of North America
north of Mexico, I became aware that several genera, proposed by
Meyrick for neotropical species, were congeneric with Inga. Study of
genital characters as well as recognition that some venational charac-
ters are variable have led me to this conclusion. The male genitalia
are characterized as follows: the aedeagus is a stout to moderately
slender cylinder; the vesica may bear a single, stout cornutus or patches
of smaller cornuti; the saccular margin of the valva is strongly de-
veloped, almost separate, broadly curved; the processus of the sacculus
is free and directed toward the costal margin; the distal part of the
valva beyond the processus of the sacculus often appears as a lobe; the
juxta is well developed, often with a pair of ventrolateral lobes; the
gnathos is well developed and does not bear spines; and the uncus is
triangular.

Meyrick proposed eight generic names that are junior synonyms
of Inga. He described 10 neotropical species in the Australian genus
Atelosticha Meyrick. These are Inga species. Clarke (1963) trans-
ferred 58 species described by Meyrick in Machimia Clemens to Him-
macia Clarke. Fifty-six of these species are members of the genus
Inga as determined by the genitalia, particularly the nonspined gnathos.

It is now apparent that Inga and allies (Doliotechna Meyrick and

1 Mail address: c/o U. S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560.

372 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

Exosphrantis Meyrick) represent a neotropical group that has a
moderate extension into the Nearctic Region. There are 83 species in
the genus of which six occur in North America north of Mexico, and
only one of the latter, sparsiciliella (Clemens), reaches the northern
United States in central New York.

The following list of Inga species with the required generic syn-
onymies and new combinations is presented to make available the
information for The moths of America north of Mexico and for other
workers. References to the original descriptions can be found in

Gaede (1938, 1939) and Clarke (1963).

Genus Inga Busck

Inga Busck, 1908: 200.

Type-species: Anesychia sparsiciliella Clemens, 1864. Original designation.
Lysigrapha Meyrick, 1914: 184. NEW SYNONYMY.

Type-species: Lysigrapha capsaria Meyrick, 1914. Original designation.
Pelomimas Meyrick, 1914: 186. NEW SYNONYMY.

Type-species: Pelomimas mixadelpha Meyrick, 1914. Monotypy.
Orsimacha Meyrick, 1914: 186. NEW SYNONYMY.

Type-species: Orsimacha petasodes Meyrick, 1914. Original designation.
Siderograptis Meyrick, 1920: 311. NEW SYNONYMY.

Type-species: Siderograptis leptophragma Meyrick, 1920. Monotypy.
Phanerodoxa Meyrick, 1921: 393. NEW SYNONYMY.

Type-species: Phanerodoxa tubicen Meyrick, 1921. Monotypy.
Epimoryctis Meyrick, 1930: 618. NEW SYNONYMY.

Type-species: Epimoryctis percnorma Meyrick, 1930. Monotypy.
Horomeristis Meyrick, 1931: 187. NEW SYNONYMY.

Type-species: Horomeristis calycocentra Meyrick, 1931. Monotypy.
Agriotorna Meyrick, 1931: 188. NEW SYNONYMY.

Type-species: Agriotorna eriocnista Meyrick, 1931. Monotypy.
callierastis (Meyr.), 1920, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
calycocentra (Meyr.), 1931, Horomeristis, NEW COMBINATION.
camelopis (Meyr.), 1920, Atelosticha. NEW COMBINATION.
canariella (Bsk.), 1908, Cryptolechia.
cancanodes (Meyr.), 1918, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
capsaria (Meyr.) 1914, Lysigrapha. NEW COMBINATION.
catasticta (Meyr.) 1920, Atelosticha. NEW COMBINATION.
caumatias (Meyr.) 1929, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
cerophaea (Meyr.) 1914, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
chlorochroa (Meyr.), 1912, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
ciliella (Bsk.), 1908, Cryptolechia.

humata (Meyr.), 1914, Machimia.
cnecodes (Meyr.), 1920, Atelosticha. NEW COMBINATION.
concinna (Meyr.), 1912, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
concolorella (Beut.), 1888, Cryptolechia.
conserva (Meyr.), 1914, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
corystes (Meyr.), 1914, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
cretacea (Zell.), 1873, Cryptolechia.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 373

cupidinea (Meyr.), 1914, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
custodita (Meyr.), 1928, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
cyclophthalama (Meyr.), 1916, Atelosticha. NEW COMBINATION.
deligata (Meyr.), 1914, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
dilecta (Meyr.), 1920, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
distorta (Meyr.), 1920, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
elaphodes (Meyr.), 1930, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
empyrea (Meyr.), 1920, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
encamina (Meyr.), 1912, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
entaphrota (Meyr.), 1915, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
erasicosma (Meyr.), 1916, Atelosticha. NEW COMBINATION.
eriocnista (Meyr.), 1931, Agriotorna. NEW COMBINATION.
erotias (Meyr.), 1912, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
fundigera (Meyr.), 1912, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
furva (Meyr.), 1916, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
genuina (Meyr.), 1914, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
haematula (Meyr.), 1912, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
halosphora (Meyr.), 1916, Atelosticha. NEW COMBINATION.
helobia (Meyr.), 1931, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
hyperbolica (Meyr.), 1928, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
icterota (Meyr.), 1914, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
inflammata (Meyr.), 1916, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
iracunda (Meyr.), 1914, Orsimacha. NEW COMBINATION.
lacunata (Meyr.), 1914, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
leptophragma (Meyr.), 1920, Siderograptis. NEW COMBINATION.
libidinosa (Meyr.), 1926, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
meliacta (Meyr.), 1914, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
mercata (Meyr.), 1914, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
mimobathra (Meyr.), 1920, Atelosticha. NEW COMBINATION.
mixadelpha (Meyr.), 1914, Pelomimas. NEW COMBINATION.
molifica (Meyr.), 1914, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
molybdopa (Meyr.), 1920, Siderograptis. NEW COMBINATION.
mydopis (Meyr.), 1914, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
neospila (Meyr.), 1928, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
obscuromaculella (Chamb.), 1878, Cryptolechia?

orthodoxa (Meyr.), 1912, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
orthophragma (Meyr.), 1916, Atelosticha. NEW COMBINATION.
pagana (Meyr.), 1916, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
pagidotis (Meyr.), 1918, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
percnorma (Meyr.), 1930, Epimoryctis. NEW COMBINATION.
pericyclota (Meyr.), 1920, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
perioditis (Meyr.), 1928, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
petasodes (Meyr.), 1914, Orsimacha. NEW COMBINATION.
phaeocrossa (Meyr.), 1912, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
plectanota (Meyr.), 1918, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
porpotis (Meyr.), 1914, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
pyrothyris (Meyr.), 1916, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
rhodoclista (Meyr.), 1920. Atelosticha. NEW COMBINATION.
rosea (Meyr.), 1920, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.

74 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

ruricola (Meyr.), 1914, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
satura (Meyr.), 1914, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
sciocrates (Meyr.), 1929, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
sciotoxa (Meyr.), 1914, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
signifera (Meyr.), 1914, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
sparsiciliella (Clem.), 1864, Anesychia.

contrariella (Wlk.), 1864, Cryptolechia.

inscitella (W1k.), 1864, Cryptolechia.

atropicta (Zell.), 1875, Cryptolechia.
speculatrix (Meyr.), 1914, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
staphylitis (Meyr.), 1916, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
stativa (Meyr.), 1920, Atelosticha. NEW COMBINATION.
stereodesma (Meyr.), 1916, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
textrina (Meyr.), 1914, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
thermoxantha (Meyr.), 1914, Lysigrapha. NEW COMBINATION.
trailii (Butl.), 1877, Cryptolechia. NEW COMBINATION.

corallina (Meyr.), 1914, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
trifurcata (Meyr.), 1912, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
trygaula (Meyr.), 1912, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.
tubicen (Meyr.), 1921, Phanerodoxa. NEW COMBINATION.
voluptaria (Meyr.), 1914, Machimia. NEW COMBINATION.

REFERENCES

BUSCK, A. 1908. A generic revision of American moths of the family
Oecophoridae, with descriptions of new species. Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus. 35
(no. 1644) : 187-207.

CLARKE, J. F. G. 1963. Catalogue of the type specimens of Microlepidoptera
in the British Museum (Natural History) described by Edward Meyrick 4:[83]-
473. Trustees of the British Museum, London.

GAEDE, M. 1938, 1939. In Bryk, F. Lepidopterorum Catalogus 88, 92
(Oecophoridae ):1476. W. Junk, The Hague.

HODGES, R. W. In preparation. In Dominick, R. B. et al. The moths of
America north of Mexico, fasc. 6.2. E. W. Classey and R. B. Dominick, London.

MEYRICK, E. 1914. Exotic Microlepidoptera 1(6):161—192.

—— 19208 Bon. cite 2289-320:

1921. op. cit., 2(13):385-416.
1930. op. cit., 3( 20) :609-640.
(6)

2
1931. op. cit., 4(6):161-192.

NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS

Beginning with the next issue of the Proceedings, notes of one page or less
will not be printed free of charge but will be charged proportionately at the regular
rate of $10.00 per printed page. All such notes received after September 1, 1972
will be affected by this rate. These notes will continue to be published as quickly
as possible as space is available.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 375

RECORDS OF ROBBER FLIES FROM NORTHEASTERN ARKANSAS
(Diprera: ASILIDAE )

AusrEY G. ScArsroucH, Department of Biology, Towson State College,
Baltimore, Maryland 21204

ABSTRACT—A list of 23 species of robber flies from Northeastern Arkansas
is given, with notes on habitats and occurrence.

In connection with another project on the asilid flies, I became
aware that few species had been reported from Arkansas. Only 12
species have been recorded from Arkansas as of this publication:
Leptogaster murina Loew and Ceraturgus cruciatus (Say) (Martin
and Wilcox, 1965); Ommatius gemma Brimley (Brimley, 1928); La-
phystia bromleyi Wilcox (Wilcox, 1960); Efferia aestuans (L.) and
E. interrupta (Macquart) (Wilcox, 1966); Mallophora ornica (Wiede-
mann) (Cole and Pritchard, 1964); Diogmites missouriensis Bromley
and D. platypterus Loew (Artigas, 1966); D. pritchardi Bromley, D.
neoternatus (Bromley) and D. misellus Loew (Martin, 1965). I col-
lected asilids during the summers of 1963 through the summer of 1970
and during June of 1971 in Craighead County. Specimens taken in
other areas of Northeast Arkansas were also recorded. As a result of
this collecting, records of some 328 specimens, including 23 species,
are listed in this paper. Notes on habitats and occurrence have been
added after each species.

The collecting was done mainly in 2 locations, 1 in the fields and
wooded areas along Christian Creek and the other in cultivated fields
and adjacent areas near Monette. Both of these sites are in Craighead
County. The collecting sites along Christian Creek are about 1 mile
SW of Jonesboro. Much of this area was recently developed for
home sites and was incorporated into the city limits. The cultivated
fields are farms owned by William Holland and Omer Reed, located
3 miles NW and 5 miles NE of Monette, respectively. Specimens of
most of the species in this list were deposited in the Arkansas State
University Collections. The remaining specimens are in the writer's
collection. A few specimens were on loan from Dr. Harvey Barton.!

I am indebted to the following individuals for their assistance: to
Dr. L. V. Knutson (Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA) for
aid with the USNM asilid collection and review of the manuscript;
to Dr. Harvey Barton (Arkansas State University) for the loan of
specimens; and to Dr. E. Hanebrink (Arkansas State University) for
introducing the asilids to me; and to Mr. Omer Reed and Mr. William
Holland for collecting permits.

! Specimens on loan are cited as ASUC.

376 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

1. Diogmites misellus Loew. 36 4, Jonesboro, 2—5.VII.1964; 146, 399,
Jonesboro, 10-27.VII.1965; 146, 29 2, Jonesboro, 12. VIII.1967; 2¢ ¢, 19, Jones-
boro, 19.VIII.1969; 1¢, Craighead County Forest, 20.VIII.1969; 26 ¢, 2 mi N
of Monette, 23.VIII.1969. Common in open dry fields, pastures and along fence
rows.

2. Diogmites missouriensis Bromley. 1°, Jonesboro, 20.VII.1963; 12, Monette,
21.VII.1963; 26 6, 299, Jonesboro, 20.VIII.1969; 44 4, Jonesboro, 23.VIII.
1969. Common in dry open fields, cotton fields and gardens; generally associated
with sandy soil.

3. Diogmites platypterus Loew. 36 6, 22 2, Jonesboro, 21.VI-19.VHI.1964;
546, 429, Jonesboro, 21.VII-1.VIII.1965; 26 6, Jonesboro, 22.VII-19.VIII.
1966; 29 92, Jonesboro, 12.VIII.1967; 34 6, 19, Craighead Co., 3.VII-5.VIII.
1968 (ASUC). A mid to late summer species occurring in the shadows of trees
on rank vegetation along Christian Creek. Common and often abundant. It often
flies among thick growth when disturbed, alighting on the ground.

4. Diogmites symmachus Loew. 14, Monette, 28.VII.1964; 14, Manila,
Mississippi Co., 14.X.1964 (ASUC); 16, Jonesboro, 1.VIII.1965; 16, 299,
Jonesboro, 15-17.VIII.1966; 14, Jonesboro, 13.VIII.1967; 14, Craighead Co.,
28.VII.1968 (ASUC); 36 6, 622, 3 mi N of Monette, 22.VIII.1969; 19,
Craighead Co., 24.X.1970 (ASUC). This late summer species is common and
often abundant in cotton fields, pastures and gardens near Monette. It is asso-
ciated with sandy soil.

5. Psilocurus birdi birdi Curran. 146, 32 2, Jonesboro, 14—-17.VI.1964; 292 9°,
Jonesboro, 26.VII.1966.In hillside pastures covered with high grass, especially
Andropogon sp.; uncommon.

6. Stichopogon trifasciatus (Say). 14, stream 2 mi W of Smithville, Law-
rence Co., 1.VII.1964. This specimen was taken from the tip of a dead twig on
the bank of a small stream. Several other specimens were observed on the bare,
sandy shores.

7. Atomosia puella (Wiedemann). 19, Jonesboro, 20.VII.1964; 16, 392 9,
Jonesboro, 9-16.VI.1966; 133 6, 52 2, Jonesboro, 14—16.VI.1971; 66 6, 59 9,
Crowley Ridge State Park, Greene Co., 17.VI.1971; 1¢, 3 mi NW of Monette,
18.VI.1971. One of the most abundant asilids in Craighead County. It occurs
in many situations; on fence posts, park benches, buildings, trees, stones and
barbecue pits.

8. Atomosia rufipes Macquart. 29 9, 5 mi NE of Monette, 29.VIII.1969; 1¢,
5 mi NE of Monette, 30.VIII.1970. Several specimens were observed in a garden,
but only 2 were taken; uncommon.

9. Laphria sp. 16, 3 mi NW of Monette, 18.VI.1970. The only 1 seen was
perched on a fence post; uncommon.

10. Asilus rubicundus Hine. 86 6, 822, 3 mi NW of Jonesboro, 14.VI-
21.VII.1964; 14, Craighead Co., 5.V.1971 (ASUC); 19, Greene Co., 5.V.1971
(ASUC); 19, Poinsett Co., 13.V.1971 (ASUC); 4646, 32 ¢, Jonesboro, 14—
16.V1.1971. A common late spring-summer species occurring in dry fields with
low herbaceous vegetation. It is difficult to see at rest on bare ground or on a
twig. Several specimens were taken by sweeping.

ll. Efferia aestuans (L.). 366, 292, 3 mi NW of Monette, 2.IX.1963;
12, Marion Co., 14.VII.1963 (ASUC); 18, 99 9, 1 mi SW of Jonesboro, 5.VI—
16.VII.1964; 1¢, 299, Jonesboro, 2—15.VII.1965; 186, Craighead Co., 27.VII.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 377

1968 (ASUC), 24 ¢, Craighead County Forest, 4 mi S of Jonesboro, 20.VIII.
1969; 19, Craighead Co., 19.V.1970 (ASUC); 19, Greene Co., 26.1X.1970
(ASUC). One of the most common species in mid and late summer. It is usually
found in dry situations on fence posts, buildings, trees, flower heads and on bare
ground. Commonly feeds on flies and small beetles.

12. Efferia albibarbis (Macquart). 19, Jonesboro, 12.VI.1964; 1¢, 19, 1
mi W of Smithville, Lawrence Co., 1.VII.1964; 2¢ 6, 22 9, Blancherd Springs,
Izard Co., 14.VII.1964; 136 6, 79 9, 3 mi NW of Monette, 18.VI.1971; 64 6,
4292, 3 mi N of Monette, 19.VI.1971. These active flies were found in areas
with sandy loam. Common in cotton, soybean and wheat fields, pastures, on rank
vegetation in fence rows, garden plots and along streams; feeds on Homoptera
and Diptera, especially calliphorids and muscids.

13. Efferia nemoralis (Hine). 78 6, 22 2, 1 mi SW of Jonesboro, 5-28.VI.
1964; 36 $, 29 9, Jonesboro, 4-16.V1.1966; 136 6, 119 9, 2 mi SW of Jones-
boro, 14—16.VI.1971. An early summer species, occurring for a short period in
June. This active species is generally abundant in open fields near Christian
Creek.

14. Triorla interrupta (Macquart). 19, Des Arc, Prairie Co., 29.VIII.1963
(ASUC); 14, Jonesboro, 24.1X.1963 (ASUC); 46 6, 32 2, Jonesboro, 20.VI-
5.VI1I.1964; 19, Smithville, Lawrence Co., 1.VII.1964; 192, Walnut Ridge, Law-
rence Co., 9.VII.1964 (ASUC); 14, 1 mi N of Jonesboro, 9.VII.1965; 1¢, Jones-
boro, 23.VIII.1966; 14, Paragould, Greene Co., 8.VII.1968 (ASUC). A common
species found in most States throughout the South. Although common in NE
Arkansas, specimens were rarely found or observed in abundance. Individuals
were often found perched on the tips of twigs and on bare ground such as on
turn rows of cultivated fields, along paths in woods, roadsides and near streams.

15. Ommatius gemma Brimley. 192, 3 mi SW of Jonesboro, 14.VI.1971.
Found in the same habitat as the previous species; uncommon.

16. Ommatius tibialis Say. 3292, Jonesboro, 10—22.VII.1965; 14, 299,
Christian Creek, 26.VII—11.VIII.1966. Found on the tips of twigs and dead weed
stalks along the borders of woods or in small clumps of trees in open fields;
uncommon.

17. Philonicus rufipennis Hine. 2¢ 6, 22 9, Jonesboro, 26.VI.1969; 29 9,
3 mi NW of Monette, 18.VI.1971. Occurs in shady thickets along Christian Creek,
perching on dead twigs and bare embankments. Also, it occurs in shadows of
trees along fence rows and cultivated fields, perching on dead weeds and branches
of fallen trees. It is difficult to see in shadows, and may be more common than
is expected.

18. Proctacanthus hinei Bromley. 12, 3 mi NW of Monette, 10.VI.1964.
This reddish species occurs in sandy areas, especially on the banks of sloughs and
ditches and adjacent fields. It is difficult to approach. Several specimens were
observed in a field of sweet clover; uncommon.

19. Proctacanthus milbertii Macquart. 3¢ 6, 2292, Jonesboro, 23.VIII-22.
1X.1963; 23 6, Monette, 31.VIII-5.1X.1963; 19, 3 mi N of Monette, 15.1X.1964;
1g, 3 mi N of Monette, 20.1X.1965; 19, 3 mi N of Monette, 1.X.1966; 39 9,
Greene Co., 10-25.IX.1970 (ASUC); 1¢4, Craighead Co., 3.X.1970 (ASUC).
Occurs in dry fields, pastures and cultivated fields in late summer and early fall;
common in cotton fields but seldom abundant. Females oviposit in soil. It typically

378 PROG. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

flies just above the surface of a substrate, alighting on bare ground such as dirt
roads, turn rows in fields, paths and embankments.

20. Promachus bastardii (Macquart). 192, Craighead Co., 16.V.1963 (ASUC);
12, 1 mi SW of Jonesboro, 30.V1.1963; 19, Rector, Clay Co., 11.XI.1963 (ASUC);
444,829, 1 mi W of Jonesboro, 5.VI-10.VIII.1964; 1¢, Walnut Ridge, Law-
rence Co., 19.VI.1964 (ASUC); 1¢6, 19, Craighead Co., 20.VII-3.VIII.1968;
944, 1 mi W of Jonesboro, 14—16.VI.1971; 19, Crowley Ridge State Park,
Greene Co., 17.VI.1971; 1¢, 3 mi NW of Monette, 18.VI.1971. This species is
similar to the preceding. It is very common in dry fields near Jonesboro, but can
be found in other areas of the County. Several specimens were observed in a
garden near Monette feeding on Diptera and Coleoptera, especially muscids and
adults of the southern corn rootworm, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi
Barker. This species typically forage above low vegetation, occasionally taking
momentary halts on a leaf or on the ground. It often takes a perch in the margins
of fence rows or in the shadow of a tree or buildings waiting for some unsuspect-
ing prey; abundant in mid-summer.

21. Promachus fitchii Osten Sacken. 12, 1 mi SW of Jonesboro, 20.VI.1963;
36 6, 32 2, Jonesboro, 25.VI-16.VII.1964; 4¢ 6, 129, 1 mi SW of Jonesboro,
26. VII-17.VIII.1966; 14, Jonesboro, 14.VI.1971. Occurs in semi-open and open
dry fields with low growing vegetation, mostly Andropogon sp., and small scat-
tered trees and shrubs. It often aggregrates around wild sweet clover, Trifolium
sp., feeding on honey bees; common in the Jonesboro area in mid-summer.

22. Promachus rufipes (F.). 19, Poinsett Co., 20.X.1968 (ASUC); 16, 3
mi N of Monette, 22.VIII.1970; 14, 3 mi W of Monette, 22.VIII.1970; 1¢,
Craighead Co., 3.X.1970. Common in sandy areas during late summer and early
fall. Few specimens were captured but several were observed in cotton fields
and gardens near Monette.

23. Tolmerus notatus (Wiedemann). 24 6, 22 2, Crowley Ridge State Park,
Greene Co., 17.VI.1971. Two mating pairs found along the margin of paths in a
wooded area.

REFERENCES

ARTIGAS, J. N. 1966. The genus Diogmites (robber flies) in Eastern United
States. Ohio Jour. Sci. 66:401—421.

BROMLEY, C. S. 1928. Some new wasps (Hymenoptera) and two new Diptera
from North Carolina. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. Jour. 43:205.

COLE, F. R. and A. E. PRITCHARD. 1964. The genus Mallophora and re-
lated asilid genera in North America (Diptera: Asilidae). Univ. Calif. Pub.
Ent. 36:1-55.

MARTIN, C. H. 1965. Distribution patterns and corrected identifications of
asilid species reported as common to North and South America (Diptera:
Asilidae). Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 91:1-37.

and J. WILCOX. 1965. Asilidae. In Stone, A., editor. Catalogue
of the Diptera of North America. U.S. Dept. agr. Hndbk., No. 276:360—401.

WILCOX, J. 1960. Laphystia Loew in North America (Diptera: Asilidae).
Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 53:328-346.

1966. Efferia Coquillett in America north of Mexico (Diptera:
Asilidae). Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 34:85-234.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 379

AN ANOMALOUS OCCURRENCE OF THE SPRUCE APHID, ELATOBIUM
ABIETINUM (WALKER), IN WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA
(HomoprTerRA: APHIDIDAE )

GERHARD F. FeppE, USDA Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment
Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, P.O. Box 12254,
Research Triangle Park, N. C. 27709

ABSTRACT—Collections of female apterae of the spruce aphid, Elatobium
abietinum (Walker), were made in December 1967 from two ornamental white
spruce, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, trees near Asheville, North Carolina. These
aphids represent the first record of this species in the United States east of the
Rocky Mountains. Previously, the only other instance of this aphid occurring in
Eastern North America was reported from the Province of Quebec, Canada.

The spruce aphid, Elatobium abietinum (Walker), is a serious pest
of Picea spp. in many parts of the world (Dumbleton, 1932; Keen,
1952, p. 56; Kloft et al., 1961). Epidemics are usually associated with
maritime climates and the development of anholocyclic generations
by the aphid during mild winters. Injury is caused by feeding of the
1- to 1%-mm-long insects on old needles of the host trees. The result-
ing needle cast may be readily overlooked in light attacks or attributed
to other causes. In areas where high populations occur, feeding results
in complete defoliation and death of trees following two or more years
of successive attack (Pillsbury, 1960). Recent studies by Kloft et al.
(1964) strongly suggest that E. abietinum is of Palearctic origin. As
a possible introduced pest, it constitutes a definite hazard to the spruce
forests of North America. The distributional patterns of this aphid
are thus an important consideration in assessing trends in damage that
may occur on this continent in the future.

Most species of spruce appear to be at least nominally susceptible
to attack by E. abietinum. However, Sitka spruce, Picea sitchensis
(Bong.) Carr., is unquestionably its most vulnerable host, not only in
North America but also in many other areas of the world where this
species is extensively planted. Understandably, most records of dam-
age by the spruce aphid are found within the natural range of this
valuable timber species, particularly along the coast line and larger
river basins of Washington, Oregon, and British Columbia. Addition-
ally, E. abietinum has occasionally become an important pest of nursery
stock in the Far West. Records of its occurrence beyond the southern-
most range of Sitka spruce are limited to areas where host species have
been planted for ornamental purposes and include such places as the
San Francisco Bay area and Ventura County in southern California
(USDA Agricultural Research Service, 1960; Dr. Tokuwo Kono, per-
sonal communication, 1970). Even though susceptible species such as

380 PROG. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

Engelmann spruce, P. engelmannii Parry, and white spruce, P. glauca
(Moench) Voss, have broad ranges contiguous with that of Sitka
spruce, some observers have wondered why the distribution of E.
abietinum does not extend further inland. To date, reports of inland
collections of this aphid have either proved to be in error or have
remained unconfirmed (USDA Agricultural Research Service, 1960).
Records for Eastern North America are also scarce and authenticated
findings appear to be confined to a single collection made on white
spruce near Sillery on the St. Lawrence River just south of Quebec
City (Kloft et al., 1964).

On December 7, 1967, specimens consisting entirely of wingless
females were collected from two 20-foot ornamental white spruce trees
at the Bent Creek Experimental Forest near Asheville, North Carolina.
These were subsequently identified as E. abietinum! by Louise M.
Russell (Entomology Research Division, Agricultural Research Service,
Washington, D.C.). The aphids were collected at an elevation of 2100
ft (640 m) and lat. 35° 30’ N. Moderate populations were observed
on needles of the preceding year’s growth along the periphery of the
basal portions of the crown. Actively reproducing aphids persisted
throughout December but disappeared with the onset of colder weather
in January. Climatological data for this site revealed that the average
temperature for December 1967 was 42.1° F, which was also the
warmest for that month since 1956.

The discovery of E. abietinum in western North Carolina marks the
first time this aphid has been collected in the Eastern United States.
Its appearance here is also noteworthy in that it was not associated
with a coastal environment or major river drainage; the Atlantic Ocean
is more than 240 statute miles from Bent Creek at its nearest point.
Should the spruce aphid become a permanent resident of this region,
its presence might someday extend to the upland stands of native red
spruce, P. rubens Sarg., in the Southern Appalachians.

The principal significance of this collection is that it provides some
tangible evidence that inland barriers to the extension of the range
of E. abietinum beyond the coastal margins of the United States are
more apparent than real. Low endemic numbers, the small size of the
insect, and damage symptoms that resemble those of other agents all
suggest that this species may be more widely distributed than presently
realized.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I wish to thank the following for their assistance in locating records of E.
abietinum and verifying certain collection data for this aphid: Dr. Tokuwo Kono,

‘USDA Forest Service Hopkins No. 47436, ENT (Insect Identification and
Parasite Introduction Branch) acquisition No. 68-3171.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 381

Systematic Entomologist, California Department of Agriculture; Mr. Ray Pratt,
Assistant State Entomologist, Montana; and Dr. Robert L. Williamson, Acting
Chief Staff Officer, Economic Insect Survey and Detection Staff, U. S. Depart-
ment of Agriculture.

REFERENCES

DUMBLETON, L. J. 1932. Report on spruce-aphis investigation for the year
ending December, 1930. N.Z. Jour. Sci. Tech. 13:207-220.

KEEN, F. P. 1952. Insect enemies of western forests. U.S. Dep. Agr. Misc.
Publ. 273 (rev.). 280 pp.

KLOFT, W., P. EHRHARDT, and H. KUNKEL. 1961. Die Fichtenréhrenlaus
Elatobium abietinum (Walk. 1849) cin endemisches Insekt der Rotfichte Picea
excelsa in Europa. Waldhygiene 4:121—125.

, H. KUNKEL, and P. EHRHARDT. 1964. Weitere Beitrage zur
kentneis der Fichtenréhrenlaus Elatobium abietinum ( Walk.) under besonder
Berucksichtigung ihren Weltverbreitung. Z. Angew. Ent. 55:160-185.

PILLSBURY, R. W. 1960. Three decades of five-year cycles of the spruce
aphid, Neomyzaphis abietina (Wlkr.). Northwest Sci. 34: 106-109.

USDA AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE. 1960. Distribution of spruce
aphid (Aphis abietina). Coop. Econ. Insect Rep. 10:571—572.

THE REDESCRIPTION OF TIPHIA FENESTRATA (KLUG)

(HyMENOPTERA: TIPHIDAE )

Harry W. ALLEN, Research Associate, Academy of Natural Sciences,
Philadelphia, and Collaborator, Agricultural Research Service,
U. S. Department of Agriculture’

ABSTRACT—tThe species Tiphia fenestrata described by Klug in 1810 is, for
the first time, redescribed.

This paper defines the status of Klug’s species, Tiphia fenestrata,
described by him more than 160 years ago from American Georgia.

Tiphia (Tiphia) fenestrata (Klug)

Bethylus fenestratus Klug, 1810, Beit. Naturk. 2:193.—Dalla Torre, 1898, Cat.
Hymen. 5:556.

Tiphia fenestrata (Klug): Hedicke, 1936, Hymen. Cat. Pars I, Tiphiidae p. 12.—
Allen, 1966, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 92:350.

1 Mail address: P. O. Box 150, Moorestown, New Jersey 08057.

382 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

Tiphia confusa Allen, 1934, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 60:302.—Allen, 1961, Trans.
Amer. Ent. Soc. 87:7—Allen, 1966, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 92:253. NEW
SYNONYMY.

Description, female.—Front not shagreened; punctures coarse and of first-degree
density except for a small spot in front of middle ocellus and a narrow irregular
area between lowest ocellus and eye orbit. Antennal flagellum robust, first 3
joints 2.6 times as long as wide. Clypeal extension broadly arcuate.

Dorsal pronotum without transverse carina; punctures of nearly uniform size
and of first-degree density except on small lateral areas. Lateral pronotum with
a straight escarpment across middle of disc from which originate several faint,
parallel aciculations. Mesopleuron everywhere with coarse, deep punctures of
first-degree density. Scutum with anteromedian escarpment widely separated from
notaulices. Metanotum entirely coarse punctate with a median crease. Legs black.
Hind femur with upper margin nearly straight; inner face without well-developed
carina; sensorium large, piceous, flush with surrounding area. Hind _ basitarsus
without groove, basal half on inner face nearly naked. Tegula cockle-shell shaped,
without shagreening or groove on outer margin. Forewing with trace of inwardly
directed spur on first section of radius; with a short but distinct inwardly directed
spur a short distance before apex of second cubital cell; second cubital cell 2.1
times as long as wide (2 measured were 2.1, 2.0).

Dorsal propodeum with its areola having slightly convex sides, its length nearly
3 times apical width. Lateral propodeum with rugulae intermediate between
coarse, and fine and closely spaced; vestiture of lower part sparse and incon-
spicuous. Tergum 1 on anterior face with broad patch of micropunctures mixed
with small primaries and not extending to lateral edges; preapical band of small
punctures, 2 to 3 wide and not impressed. Pygidium closely elongate punctate
on basal half, terminating on a straight transverse line; impunctate part wrinkled
and obscurely shagreened near punctate area.

Length, 18.8 mm.

The holotype of the species is a female which showed up unex-
pectedly in a collection of Tiphiinae sent to the author for identifica-
tion from the Zoologisches Museum of the Humboldt-Universitat of
Berlin. It is an unusually large specimen in excellent condition, having
the following labels: “6080” “Georg it.” “T. fenestrata/B. fen m./
Georgia” “Zool. Mus./Berlin” “Typus.” To these I have appended a
lectotype label. Klug’s original description was entirely inadequate
for any species of Tiphiinae. It does not define the sex, the size, or
the number of specimens seen by the describer. It seems not even
to have been recognized as a Tiphia until the publication of Hedicke’s
catalogue in 1936.

It is obvious that fenestrata belongs to the micropunctata group of
eastern North America. It lacks the cusped mandible of the female
of berbereti Allen, the pinched-in apex of the areola of micropunctata
Allen, and the short second cubital cell of indistincta. It differs from
infossata most distinctly in having a minute inwardly directed spur
near the apex of the second cubital cell, not found in that species.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 383

Both the holotype specimens of confusa and fenestrata have this in-
wardly directed spur.

Tiphia confusa was originally described from a holotype female
from Tampa, Florida in the National Museum and a paratype female
from North Carolina in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila-
delphia. It has since been identified from a few localities from New
Jersey to Illinois and southward to eastern Texas and Florida.

REFERENCES

ALLEN, H. W. 1934. Descriptions of twelve new species of Tiphiidae from
the United States, with taxonomic notes (Hymenoptera). Trans. Amer. Ent.
Soc. 60:295-316.

1961. Tiphia of America north of Mexico: key to species, descrip-
tions of six new species and notes on synonymy. ‘Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 87:
1-20.

1966. A revision of the Tiphiinae (Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae) of
eastern North America. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 92:231-336.

DALLA TORRE. 1898. Catalogus Hymenopterorum, vol. 5.

HEDICKE, H. 1936. Hymenopterorum Catalogus, Par. 1, 32 pages.

KLUG, FRIEDRICH. 1810. Fortsetzung des in voringen Bande abgebrochen
Versuchs tiber die Gattungen Scolia und Tiphia. Beitr. Naturk. 2:167-216.

MISCELLANEOUS PREY RECORDS OF SOLITARY WASPS.
VI. NOTES ON SOME SPECIES FROM GREECE

(HyMENOPTERA: ACULEATA )

Kart V. Kromsein, Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution,
Washington, D.C. 20560

ABSTRACT—Prey records and brief biological notes are presented for six
species of Sphecidae from Greece.

The following prey records and brief biological notes were made
during two short visits to Greece in 1965 and 1971 during which a
limited amount of field work was accomplished. I am indebted to
W. J. Pulawski, Zoological Institute, Wroclaw, Poland for identifying
some of the sphecoid wasps, and to S. Zimmerman, Wien, Austria for
naming the chrysidid wasp. Determinations of the prey of the wasps
were kindly made by: P. H. van Doesburg, Netherlands; P. D. Hurd,
Jr., Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution; and A. B.

9

384 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

Gurney and D. M. Weisman of the Systematic Entomology Laboratory,
U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Astata boops graeca de Beaumont

J. van der Vecht and I found a large aggregation of this wasp on
20 May 1971 at Lerna, Argolis, nesting in the hard-packed soil beneath
a roofed area sheltering the archaeological excavations of the American
School of Classical Studies at Athens. Numerous females were nesting
in a small area of some 50 square feet and several were observed
carrying hemipterous prey to their burrows. One female 9 mm long
(52071 A) [det WJP] was captured while carrying a paralyzed nymph
of Lygaeus pandurus (Scop.) [det. PHvD]. Males were also present
in abundance, alighting periodically on the soil in the nesting area,
but we observed no mating.

Also present and alighting occasionally on the soil near the Astata
nests were both sexes of a chrysidid, Hedychridium roseum (Rossi)
[det SZ], which almost certainly has this Astata as one of its hosts.
It has been recorded previously as parasitizing other ground-nesting
wasps (Tachysphex pectinipes (L.), Harpactes tumidus (Panz.), Astata
boops Schrank, A. minor Kohl, Cerceris arenaria (L.)) and bees
(Osmia papaveris Latr., Halictus fulvocinctus K.).

Tachysphex helveticus Kohl

One female (53165 A) 10 mm long [det WJP] was collected at
1530 on 31 May 1965, on a sandy beach 11 km east of Iraklion, Crete.
She was carrying her paralyzed prey, a nymphal grasshopper 8 mm
long, probably a specimen of Calliptamus italicus (L.) [det ABG].

Ammophila heydeni (Dahlbom)

I captured a female (6165 A) 20 mm long, 1 June 1965, on a rocky
hillside along the coastal road 7 km north of Legrena, Attica. She was
walking on the ground, carrying beneath her a paralyzed slender
geometrid caterpillar 20 mm long [det DMW].

Sphecius syriacus creticus de Beaumont

One female 15 mm long was collected at Malia Palace, Crete, during
the period 14-16 May 1971. Its presumptive prey is the cicada Cica-
detta sp. [det RCF] of which I captured several specimens with a
body length of 12-13 mm at the same time and locality.

Hoplisoides punctatus ( Kirschbaum )

Numerous individuals of both sexes were flying low over vegetation
on the sandy beach at Tolon, Argolis, on 19 May 1971. I observed
neither precopulatory nor nesting behavior. However, one pair was

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 385

captured in copula on the ground end to end, forming a straight line
with their heads facing away from each other. Evans (1966, p. 97)
records this same mating posture for the Nearctic Sphecius speciosus
(Drury), the only other gorytine wasp for which the mating posture
has been recorded.

Philanthus venustus ( Rossi)

A few individuals of both sexes were captured 19 May 1971 as they
flew low over vegetation on the sandy beach at Tolon, Argolis. One
female (51971 A) 9 mm long was carrying her paralyzed prey, a female
halictid bee Evylaeus interruptus opacus Perez 8 mm long [det PDH].

REFERENCES

EVANS, H. E. 1966. The comparative ethology and evolution of the sand
wasps. Harvard Univ. Press, 526 pp.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE NESTING BEHAVIOR OF DIPLOPLECTRON
PEGLOWI KROMBEIN

(HYMENOPTERA: SPHECIDAE )

FRANK E. Kurczewski, Department of Forest Entomology, State University
College of Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210

ABSTRACT—Components of the nesting behavior of Diploplectron peglowi
Krombein are described. Burrow construction, hunting, prey transport, nature
and dimensions of nest, cell provisions, and attachment of egg are analyzed and
discussed in relation to other Sphecidae, particularly species of the subfamily
Astatinae. D. peglowi constructed a 3- or 4-celled nest in sand. The cells were
provisioned with from 3 to 6 small, nymphal Sphaerobius insignis (Uhler) and
Lygaeus sp. (Lygaeidae). The egg was affixed to a bug in the middle or at the
back end of the cell in a position typical of the subfamily Astatinae. The prey
in the cells were placed head-inward but either venter-up, dorsum-up, or on the
side.

In 1939 Krombein described Diploplectron peglowi from a series of
specimens collected in late August and early September 1936 in Os-
wego Co., N. Y. In this paper he defined the habitat, presented data
on times of activities of males and females, and mentioned that the
females burrowed in sand. To my knowledge the species has not been
collected since Krombein’s collection of the type series. In 1971 I

386 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

Dir tte ig. SN
Se Se aleee,
ges eat

v 7 ae a5.

44%
bo pee Slee ay Senay?
ae. <
te : Nea
ee is 4
jg. Sa
ba
ek ee
OO -
Be em, ~
ay nt %

Fig. 1. Nesting habitat of Diploplectron peglowi Krombein—a senescent sand
blowout in Selkirk Shores St. Pk., Oswego Co., N. Y. Sites of female activity are
indicated as follows: (t), trial digging; (n) active nest; (h), hunting locale.
Fig. 2. Close-up of female nest-sites of D. peglowi in a sand slope. Three nest
entrances and tumuli are indicated by arrows.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 387

had the opportunity to observe various facets of the nesting behavior
of D. peglowi and should like to place these observations on record
as part of the comparative ethology of digger wasps, particularly of
the subfamily Astatinae. Virtually nothing is known about the nesting
behaviors of species of Diploplectron, except for a note by Williams
(1946). My observations on D. peglowi (Ethology Note No. DI-1)
were made on 16-18 June in a senescent sand blowout, 2 mi. s. of
Lake Ontario, in Selkirk Shores St. Pk., Oswego Co., N. Y. (fig. 1).
The females were observed on bright, sunny and moderately overcast
days between the hours of 1015 and 1520 (E.D.T.), although they were
active earlier and later in the day than this.

Burrow Construction. Two females were observed searching for
places to dig. One wasp walked on the ground, holding her body low
to the substrate and her head bowed somewhat downward, and tapped
her antennae on the sand. She made three false starts in rapid suc-
cession, digging each time beneath overhanging blades of grass. The
wasp moved onto bare flat sand at 1125 hours and began her fourth
excavation. She broke the sand crust with the mandibles and then
used the forelegs in unison to rake the sand backward. (Females of
D. peglowi have a series of rather long spines on the foretarsi adapted
for sand removal). Upon removing the sand loads from the burrow
the wasp backed out from 1 to 3 cm, mostly in one direction (to her
right), synchronously raised the abdomen as the forelegs were in the
backstroke, and exhibited pronounced, jerked upward and downward
movements of the body. She utilized the mid- and hindlegs only for
walking backward and then forward into the burrow. Sand _ loads
were removed from the entrance less frequently as burrow construc-
tion progressed. After several minutes of sand removal, the female
“rebacked” every minute or so (see Kurezewski, 1968). At 1140 hours
the wasp appeared head first in the entrance, threw some sand back-
ward into the burrow with the forelegs, cleaned the antennae with
the legs, and flew away, thus abandoning the excavation.

The second female began digging at 1335 hours in a sand slope be-
neath a pile of dried leaves. She was visible only every few minutes
as she backed out of the entrance with a sand load. Her digging
components resembled those of the first wasp. Like the first female,
she “rebacked” many times but unlike the first she removed sand to
both the left and right sides of the entrance. Thirty-eight minutes
after beginning the female exited head first, walked in circles and
figure 8’s on the sand in front of the entrance, turned directly toward
the opening four times at interspersed intervals, and then re-entered
the nest. She exited several seconds later, made an 11 second, low
orientation flight, always facing the entrance, landed, and ran inside.

388 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

She exited again, made a 6 second orientation flight, landed, flew a
short distance, and began hunting in the grasses nearby.

Hunting. Several other wasps were observed hunting for prey in
the vegetation and litter surrounding the bare sand. Two such females
searched in frond and leaf litter and on grasses in the shade at an air
temperature of 68° F. They were hard to see because of their mostly
black coloration and slow movements. The females held their antennae
away from the face and tapped them rapidly on the substrate, while
keeping the wings flat on the dorsum. In certain areas the wasps
paused, circled repeatedly, and increased their walking and antennal
tapping. They interspersedly made quick low flights, 10-15 cm long.
Both wasps hunted on top of the litter, never beneath it, during the
2-hour observation period. Neither female was successful in capturing
prey during this time. The following day, three wasps were observed
hunting in clumps of grasses and on and in piles of debris, .5—-2 meters
from their nests. They hunted in sunshine at an ambient temperature
of 82° F and their movements were much faster than the females ob-
served the previous day at lower temperatures. Their flights were
quick, long, and difficult to follow. Two of the wasps flushed prey
from the litter but were unsuccessful in pursuit. The third female
caught prey only 30 cm from the entrance but details of capture could
not be discerned because of the rapidity of the activities and the small
sizes of the individuals. Two other females, hunting in a different
area, grappled when they approached to within a few centimeters of
one another.

Prey Transport. Two wasps were observed transporting prey to
their nests during a period of about three hours. One of the provision-
ing females entered at intervals of 41, 73, and 27 minutes; the other
returned at intervals of 31, 21, 94, and 39 minutes. In each case the
nest entrance was left open during the provisioning trip and the wasp,
upon her return, simply dove in, holding the prey underneath. One
of the females returned with a large prey, paused, and circled before
entering, apparently disturbed by my presence.

During transport, the bug was clasped beneath the wasp’s body in
a ventral-side-upward and head-forward position. The female grasped
the bug’s antennae with the mandibles and held its body with the legs.
The relative sizes of the wasps and prey influenced the manner of
transport. Small bugs were brought to the nest in long, sustained
flights and larger ones, either in a series of short flights, 8-15 cm long,
and/or on the ground. In either case the speed of transport was rapid.
After entering with a prey, the female stayed inside her nest from %
to 3 minutes; then, she appeared inside her entrance for only a frac-

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 389

tion of a second before flying away. A brief orientation flight followed
an exit in only one out of seven examples.

The Nest. Two nests of D. peglowi which had been completed
were excavated and the cell contents analyzed. Both nests were sit-
uated in a sand slope between clumps of grass, the entrances being
27 cm apart (fig. 2). The sand in which these nests were dug was
dry and loose and contained numerous rootlets, twigs, and other debris.
A third nest, situated 21 cm from the first nest, was never finished by
the female.

The first nest (fig. 3a) entered the 45° slope perpendicularly and
turned left at a depth of 4 cm. It was 3 mm wide at the entrance,
but varied from 2.5 to 3 mm in diameter farther down the burrow.
Although the entrance and proximal 1 cm of the burrow were filled
with sand, the nest was left open for the next 3 cm. From this point,
side burrows filled with loose sand were traceable to three of the four
cells. The ovoidal cells were located at distances of from 8.5 to 12.5
cm from the entrance, and were positioned 6-7 cm beneath the top
of the slope. The distances between adjacent cells varied from 1.5
to 3 cm, and two of the cells could have been built in series. The
two cells nearest the cliff face contained recently-hatched larvae and
the two farther inward, eggs (fig. 3a). Cells containing eggs measured
3-3.5 X 6 mm, whereas those holding larvae were 3 X 7 mm.

The second nest (fig. 3b) also entered the sand slope rather per-
pendicularly. The burrow went almost straight in for 4 cm and then
bent abruptly to the right. The entrance, 3 mm wide, and the proximal
1.5 cm of the burrow were open, but the remainder of the burrow
and side burrows leading to the cells were filled with sand. The dis-
tances from the cells to the entrance were 8.5, 9, and 10 cm, with only
0.7 and 1.5 cm of sand between neighboring cells. Two of the cells
could have been built in series. The cells were unearthed at depths
of 5.5, 6, and 7 cm from the top of the slope. All three chambers con-
tained prey and an egg. Two of the cells measured 4 X § mm, the
other, 4 X 7 mm.

Provisions. ‘Thirty-one fourth and fifth instar nymphs of Sphaero-
bius insignis (Uhler) and three early instar nymphs of Lygaeus sp.
(Lygaeidae) were recovered from the cells and provisioning wasps.
The bugs were moving their appendages, indicating a partial paralysis.

The number of bugs stored in the fully-provisioned cells ranged from
four to six in the first nest, and from three to four in the second nest.
Prey individuals weighed from 1.5 to 6.0 mg; the wasps each weighed
5.5 mg. The egg-bearing bugs were either the largest, second, or third
largest bugs in the cell, averaging 4.9 (range, 4-6) mg. The total
weight of all individuals in a cell ranged from 12 to 18 (mean, 15.1)
mg. In general, cells with more bugs contained the larger biomass.

390 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

Se

3b

NWA
a

Figs. 3a, b. Structure of two nests of Diploplectron peglowi Krombein, as seen
from the side. Cell contents are indicated as follows: (e), egg; (1), larva. Por-
tions of burrows filled with sand are stippled. Burrows leading to one cell in each
nest were untraceable. Fig. 4. Nymph of Sphaerobius insignis (Uhler), showing
position of D. peglowi egg. Note overlapping beak and forelegs of bug.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 391

The bugs were placed in the cells in a head-inward position. A
sample of 30 prey in seven cells indicated that they were almost
equally placed either ventral-side-upward (10), on the side with the
venter facing inward (8), or dorsal-side-upward (12). The ventral-
and dorsal-side-upward individuals were at opposite ends in five of
the cells. Most of the bugs placed on the side were toward the middle
of the cell. The bug bearing the wasp’s egg or larva was positioned
either venter-up (4) or on the side (3), never dorsum-up. This in-
dividual was placed either at the back end of the cell (4) or near the
middle (3), never at the front end.

The Egg. The egg of D. peglowi is elongate yet stout, curved
throughout its length, and is white or turns cream-color prior to hatch-
ing. Four such eggs measured 1.3 to 1.5 mm long, and were 0.4 to
0.5 mm wide at the larger cephalic end. This end was glued to the
prosternum of the bug at the midline, with the beak and usually one
foreleg protecting it (fig. 4). The narrower distal end was raised free
from the body and extended backward along the midline or slightly
obliquely to one side. As viewed from the side the eggs formed angles
of from 10° to nearly 60° with the body axis, although some of them
might have been accidentally repositioned during the removal of the
bug from the cell.

Enemies. This species of wasp seems to have a number of potential
enemies. Hunting and provisioning females were unsuccessfully at-
tacked by several species of ants (Formicidae), jumping-spiders (Sal-
ticidae ), larval antlions (Myrmelionidae ), and robber flies ( Asilidae).
Only their quick flight prevented their capture. One of the nests con-
tained several small ants in the burrow and its seems likely that they
would have invaded the D. peglowi cells had I not excavated the nest
shortly after it was finished. Flies of the tribe Miltogrammini (Sar-
cophagidae) lurked near but did not enter the wasp nests. Several
small cuckoo-wasps, Hedychridium sp., were observed entering the D.
peglowi burrows and two of them were collected as they left. The
chrysidids which were not collected lurked near the nest entrances
for extended periods of time, suggesting that they might be awaiting
the appropriate oviposition moment. However, no chrysidid egg was
found inside a D. peglowi cell.

DIsCUSSION

Although my collections and observations were made in an area
different from those of Krombein (1939), his description of the habitat
of D. peglowi—‘sandy knolls sparsely covered with grass”’—is appro-
priate for this species. Rohwer (1909) observed species in the genus
in Colorado flying above sand and Williams (1946) found an un-
identified species of Diploplectron nesting in sand in California and,

392 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

as Evans (1957) pointed out, the habitat of this genus appears to
differ from that of the related genus Astata, of which most species
nest in hard-packed, less friable soil.

The method of burrow construction employed by D. peglowi is
similar to that described for Dryudella immigrans (Williams) by Wil-
liams (1946) and for Astata occidentalis Cresson by Evans (1957),
but is unlike that noted for A. wnicolor Say by Peckham and Peckham
(1898). The latter uses the end of the abdomen and the hind legs,
instead of the forelegs, for pushing the sand backward. D. peglowi
rarely pushes soil out of the burrow with the abdomen and I never
observed females utilizing the hind legs for soil removal. In my
opinion, burrow construction in D. peglowi most resembles that of
Plenoculus davisi Fox of the subfamily Larrinae (Sphecidae), notably
in the pronounced upward and downward movements of the body
during sand removal and in the frequency of rebacking (see Kurezew-
ski, 1968).

Females of D. peglowi are similar to many species of Larrinae,
especially Nitelopterus spp. (Krombein and Kurczewski, 1963; Powell,
1967; Kurezewski, 1969) and Tachysphex tarsatus (Say) (unpublished
data), in their hunting behavior. They search for prey on foot on and
in the vegetation near their nests. Williams (1946), likewise, described
Diploplectron hunting “close to the ground” in debris. Species of
Astata, on the other hand, apparently range some distance in order
to obtain prey. Evans (1957) noted A. unicolor hunting in fields and
meadows, away from the nesting site, and provisioning females of A.
occidentalis, approaching the nesting area “from various directions . . .
at a considerable height.” The fact that D. peglowi hunts near its nest
is evidently not related to alleviating difficulty in transporting a large
prey because the bug is often small and is carried readily in flight.
However, the behavior pattern does exist in the genus because Williams
(1946) noted an unidentified species with a “heavy” prey.

Despite the fact that prey are numerous near the nest-sites, D. peg-
lowi is not an “efficient” hunter. Rather, the species is quite inefficient
in procuring prey as evidenced by the relatively long periods of time
spent between provisions. In this respect, D. peglowi resembles species
of Astata (see Evans, 1957). Perhaps, at another time of the year, i.e.,
mid- or late summer, and, under different environmental conditions,
D. peglowi would obtain prey more rapidly and, consequently, com-
plete cells faster.

In its method of transport and manner of grasping the prey, D.
peglowi resembles other Astatinae. The prey is usually carried in flight
and is grasped ventral-side-upward and head-forward by the antennae
and body with the mandibles and legs. This is precisely the manner
figured by Evans (1957, p. 173) for A. occidentalis and described by

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 393

Williams (1946) for Diploplectron sp. and Dryudella immigrans. The
similarity in manner of transport between the genera Astata, Dryudella,
and Diploplectron is obviously related to their close phylogeny as well
as to their utilization of hemipterous prey. Plenoculus davisi, Bicyrtes
quadrifasciata (Say), and Anacrabro ocellatus Packard belong to dif-
ferent subfamilies of Sphecidae, but all prey upon Hemiptera and em-
ploy a rather similar method of transport, i.e., fly with the prey and
grasp it head-forward and ventral-side-upward with the legs or, in the
first species, legs and mandibles (see Evans, 1961; Kurczewski, 1968;
Rau and Rau, 1918; Krombein, 1955; Barth, 1908; Kurezewski and
Peckham, 1970).

In leaving the nest entrance open during the provisioning trips, D.
peglowi resembles certain species of Astata and Dryudella, e.g., Astata
unicolor, A. occidentalis, A. bicolor Say, and Dryudella immigrans
(see Evans, 1957; Peckham and Peckham, 1898; Williams, 1946). On
the other hand, Astata boops (Schrank), A. minor Kohl, A. nubecula
Cresson, and Dryudella montana (Cresson) invariably close the en-
trance with soil during trips for prey (Piel, 1936; Tsuneki, 1947; Min-
kiewicz, 1933; Olberg, 1959; Evans, 1963, 1970). Thus, in this sub-
family as in many other groups of Sphecidae the absence or presence
of a temporary nest closure is not a reliable diagnostic character.

The nest of D. peglowi is more like that of Plenoculus davisi, a lar-
rine, than like that of the related genus Astata in basic structure,
burrow relationships, and number and placement of cells. This is
probably related to the fact that the two species utilize sand as a
nesting medium, whereas species of Astata nest in compact soil. The
nests of D. peglowi and P. davisi comprise a moderately short, sloping
main burrow, with a few side burrows, each usually leading to a cell.
Two nests of D. peglowi each could have contained two cells in series
but this was not ascertained. The nest of species of Astata, on the
other hand, often contains a rather vertical main burrow and may be
complex, containing numerous cells with many of them in series
(Tsuneki, 1947; Evans, 1957). As Evans (1957) indicated, building
cells in series “is an efficient way of exploiting very hard soil.”

D. peglowi is one of many Nearctic sphecids which prey upon spe-
cies of Hemiptera. Other Hemiptera-hunting genera include Astata
and Dryudella in the Astatinae, Plenoculus and Solierella in the Lar-
rinae, Bicyrtes in the Gorytinae, and Anacrabro, Belomicrus, Lindenius,
Moniaecera, and Crossocerus in the Crabroninae (summary in Muese-
beck, et al., 1951; Krombein, 1958; Krombein and Burks, 1967; Evans,
1969). However, among the North American fauna, only two un-
identified species of Diploplectron, Astata bakeri Parker, Dryudella
immigrans, and Solierella peckhami (Ashmead) have been reported
capturing Lygaeidae (Williams, 1946, 1950; Peckham and Peckham,

2

394 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

1905; Bridwell, 1920). In Europe, several species of Astata prey upon
Lygaeidae (Ferton, 1901, 1908; Minkiewicz, 1933; Verhoeff, 1951). The
fact that D. peglowi takes only immature lygaeids possibly reflects the
season of study. Adults of the species being preyed upon may be
utilized later in the summer if the nymphs are uncommon or unavail-
able.

D. peglowi resembles other species of Astatinae in storing several
relatively small bugs per cell. Similar prey storage has been reported
for Diploplectron sp., Dryudella immigrans, Astata unicolor, A. occi-
dentalis, A. leuthstromi Ashmead, A. boops, A. minor, and A. nubecula
( Williams, 1946; Evans, 1957, 1970; Tsuneki, 1947; Minkiewicz, 1933).
All of these species prey upon nymphal bugs, except A. occidentalis
(Evans, 1957). Evans (1970) indicated that the sizes of the nymphs
in the cells of A. nubecula increased from early to late summer and,
consequently, fewer bugs were stored per cell later in the season. Al-
though D. peglowi was not studied in late summer, the same probably
holds true for this species unless the bugs are bivoltine.

Species of Astata place the prey in the cell in a head-inward and
ventral-side-downward position with the egg beneath the bottom bug,
the larva thus feeding in an inverted position after hatching (summary
in Evans, 1957). This behavior is unique among digger-wasps and
apparently is a diagnostic character for most Astatinae. Before place-
ment in the cell the prey are stored in the burrow, as described for
Astata unicolor and Dryudella montana (Evans, 1957, 1963). D. peg-
lowi may be an exception within the subfamily. Although burrow
storage could not be demonstrated in this species because the nests
were already completed when excavated, bugs in the cells were placed
in a variety of positions and the egg-bearer was never put ventral-side-
downward.

The egg of species of Astatinae, including D. peglowi, is relatively
stout. It is attached to the prosternum of the bug and extends back-
ward along the midline or slightly obliquely to one side or the other
(see fig. 7, p. 173 in Evans, 1957). Iwata (1942) termed this type of
placement a modified Sphex-type, although, as Evans (1957) pointed
out, it is not typical of most Sphecinae or Larrinae.

In summary, Diploplectron peglowi is similar to many species of
Astatinae in the genera Dryudella and Astata in its method of burrow
construction, manner of grasping and transporting the prey, kind of
prey (Hemiptera, including Lygaeidae, although most Astata use Pen-
tatomidae ), number of prey per cell, size and stage of prey, and egg
profile and position of attachment. D. peglowi differs from certain
species of Dryudella and Astata in habitat preference, hunting locale,
absence of a temporary nest closure, nest structure and dimensions,
and placement of prey in the cell, especially the egg-bearer. Because

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 395

of certain ethological characters such as the manner of grasping the
prey during transport, kind of prey (Hemiptera), and position of at-
tachment and orientation of the egg, Diploplectron obviously belongs
in the Astatinae. Such a placement supports Krombein (1939) and
Parker (1962), who put the genus in the Astatinae on the basis of ex-
ternal adult morphology. The mature larva of Diploplectron remains
unstudied.

ADDENDUM

After the completion of my study and preparation of the manuscript,
A. S. Menke called my attention to the fact that F. D. Parker had
recently prepared a manuscript on the systematics of the genus Diplo-
plectron. Dr. Parker kindly permitted me to examine the sections
pertaining to D. peglowi Krombein. The species is much more widely
distributed than indicated by Krombein (1939) and me, occurring
throughout the western U. S., Canada, and Mexico, as well as in New
York. Parker indicated that Williams’ (1946) observations on Diplo-
plectron sp. actually pertain to peglowi, and he noted a nesting female
provisioning with nymphal rhopalids in California.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I am grateful to Richard C. Froeschner, Smithsonian Institution, for determining
the prey Lygaeidae, and to Richard C. Miller, one of my graduate students, for
assistance in identifying Diploplectron peglowi and Hedychridium sp. Studies on
the nesting behavior of D. peglowi were made possible through a Grant-in-Aid
from The Research Foundation of State University of New York (# 10-7116-A).

REFERENCES

BARTH, G. P. 1908. The nesting of Anacrabro ocellatus Pack. Bull. Wise.
Natur. Hist. Soc. 6:147—153.
BRIDWELL, J. C. 1920. Miscellaneous notes on Hymenoptera, 2nd paper,
with descriptions of new species. Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc. 4:386—402.
EVANS, H. E. 1957. Ethological studies on digger wasps of the genus Astata
(Hymenoptera, Sphecidae). Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 65:159-185.
1961. Notes on the nesting behavior of Plenoculus davisi Fox
(Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Ent. News 72:225-228.
1963. Notes on the prey and nesting behavior of some solitary
wasps of Jackson Hole, Wyoming. Ent. News 74:233-239.
1969. Notes on the nesting behavior of Pisonopsis clypeata and
Belomicrus forbesii (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae). Jour. Kansas Ent. Soc. 42:
117-125.
. 1970. Ecological-behavioral studies of the wasps of Jackson Hole,
Wyoming. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 140:451-511.
FERTON, C. 1901. Notes détachées sur Vinstinct des hyménopteres melliferes
et ravisseurs avec la description de quelques especes. Ann. Soc. Ent. France

70:83-148.

396 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

1908. Notes détachées sur linstinct des hyménoptéres melliféres
et ravisseurs avec la description de quelques especes. Sér. 4. Ann. Soc, Ent.
France 77:535—-586.

IWATA, K. 1942. Comparative studies on the habits of solitary wasps. Ten-
thredo 4:1-146.

KROMBEIN, Kk. V. 1939. Descriptions and records of new wasps from New
York state (Hym.: Sphecidae). Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 34:135-144.

1955. Some notes on the wasps of Kill Devil Hills, North Caro-
lina, 1954 (Hymenoptera, Aculeata). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 57:145-160.

1958. Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, Synoptic Cata-
log. First Supplement. U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monogr. 2:1-305.

and B. D. BURKS. 1967. Hymenoptera of America north of
Mexico, Synoptic Catalog. Second Supplement. U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monogr.
2:1-584.

and F. E. KURCZEWSKI. 1963. Biological notes on three Flo-
ridian wasps (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae). Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 76:139-152.

KURCZEWSKI, F. E. 1968. Nesting behavior of Plenoculus davisi (Hymenop-
tera: Sphecidae, Larrinae). Jour. Kansas Ent. Soc. 41:179-207.

1969. Comparative ethology of female digger wasps in the genera
Miscophus and Nitelopterus (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae, Larrinae). Jour. Kan-
sas Ent. Soc. 42:470-509.

and D. J. PECKHAM. 1970. Nesting behavior of Anacrabro ocel-
latus ocellatus (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 63:1419-
1424,

MINKIEWICZ, R. 1933. Nids et proies des sphégiens de Pologne. Sér. III.
Polskie Pismo Ent. 12:191—195.

MUESEBECK, C. F. W., et al. 1951. Hymenoptera of America north of
Mexico, Synoptic Catalog. U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monogr. 2:1—1420.

OLBERG, G. 1959. Das verhalten der solitaren wespen Mitteleuropas. Berlin,
Deutsch. Verlag Wiss., xiii + 402 pp.

PARKER, F. D. 1962. On the subfamily Astatinae, with a systematic study
of the genus Astata of America north of Mexico (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae).
Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 55:643-659.

PECKHAM, G. W. and E. G. PECKHAM. 1898. On the instincts and habits
of the solitary wasps. Wisc. Geol. Natur. Hist. Surv. Bull. 2:1—245.

and ——————-._ 1905. Wasps social and solitary. Boston, Hough-
ton, Mifflin and Co., xv + 311 pp.

PIEL, O. 1936. Nidification aerienne d’Astatus boops Schrank en Chine. Musée
Heude, Notes d’Ent. Chin. 3: 19-35.

POWELL, J. A. 1967. Behavior of ground nesting wasps of the genus Nitelop-
terus, particularly N. californicus (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Jour. Kansas
Ent. Soc. 40:331-346.

RAU, P. and N. RAU. 1918. Wasp studies afield. Princeton, N. J., Princeton
Univ. Press, xv + 372 pp.

ROHWER, S. A. 1909. New Hymenoptera from western United States. Trans.
Amer. Ent. Soc. 35:99-136.

TSUNEKI, K. 1947. Nesting habits of Astata boops (Schrank) (Hymenoptera,
Astatidae). Mushi 17:103-111.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 397

VERHOEFF, P. M. F. 1951. Notes on Astata Latreille (Hymenoptera: Sphe-
coidea). Zool. Med. 31:149-164.

WILLIAMS, F. X. 1946. Two new species of Astatinae, with notes on the
habits of the group (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc. 12:
641-650.

1950. The wasps of the genus Solierella in California. Proc.
Calif. Acad. Sci. 26:355-417.

NEW NORTH AMERICAN PHILANTHUS
(HYMENOPTERA: SPHECIDAE )

R. M. Bouart, Department of Entomology, University of California,
Davis, California 95616

ABSTRACT—Five new species of Philanthus are described: arizonicus from
Arizona, levini and nasalis from California, michelbacheri from Baja California,
and schusteri from southern California and Arizona.

During preparation of a treatise on Philanthus of California, several
unnamed species were found and these are described below. Types
are placed in the Entomology Museum at the University of California,
Davis, except for P. michelbacheri which will go to the California
Academy of Sciences. Paratypes have been distributed to various
museums but particularly the following: California Insect Survey,
University of California, Berkeley; University of California, Riverside,
Los Angeles County Museum; Arizona State University, Tempe; Uni-
versity of Idaho, Moscow; and U. S. National Museum.

Philanthus arizonicus R. Bohart, n. sp.

Male. Length 11.5 mm, forewing 9.0 mm. Black, marked with yellow as
follows: mandible mostly, clypeus and most of frons below midocellus (fig. 1),
a pair of postocellar dots, 4 large postocular spots, pronotal ridge, pronotal lobe
and associated mesopleural spot, other mesopleural dots, lateral scutal spots,
scutellum centrally, band across metanotum, lateral propodeal spot, coxal spots,
femora distally, tibiae and tarsi mostly, broad band across middle of tergum I,
other terga almost wholly, sterna I-VI extensively; clypeal brush tawny; wing
veins and stigma red as well as spots on malar space, vertex, scape, pedicel, flagel-
lomere I entirely, coxae and femora mostly, trochanters and tibiae partly, sterna
I-II partly, other sterna slightly; wing membrane extensively dusky. Pubescence
whitish to pale yellowish. Setigerous punctures of clypeus separated by 1 to 2
puncture diameters, becoming sparse near top margin, polished between; upper

398 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

frons not substriate, punctures 1 to 2 diameters apart; vertex and scutum with
moderately small and irregularly spaced punctures, leaving large polished areas;
mesopleural punctures moderate-sized, about a diameter apart, propodeum similar
but punctation closer on some areas, enclosure with posterior smooth spot; tergum
I with small to medium punctures, contiguous to 2 diameters apart; tergum II
similar but punctures 1 to 2 diameters apart, terga III-IV with well spaced punc-
tures smaller than those on scutum; other terga with fine, well spaced punctures.
Malar space at middle 2.1 times length of pedicel; clypeal brushes touching at
middle of clypeal rim; least interocular distance % clypeal breadth; ocellocular
distance 3.0 lateral ocellus diameters; pronotal ridge moderately thin and smoothly
rounded.

Holotype male (UCD), 18 mi. s. Gila Bend, Maricopa Co., Arizona,
May 8, 1965, on Prosopis juliflora (M. A. Mortensen et al.). Paratype
male (Ariz. State Univ.), same data as holotype.

This species is related to multimaculatus Cameron and agrees with
it in having (1) the punctation of tergum III not coarser than that of
the scutum; (2) the malar space in the male relatively long; and (3)
the scutal punctures very unevenly distributed. However, arizonicus
is a larger species, more extensively red, and the ocellocular distance
is about three lateral ocellus diameters rather than two (fig. 1).

Philanthus levini R. Bohart, n. sp.

Male. Length 9 mm, forewing 7 mm. Black, marked with sulfur yellow as
follows: clypeus and lower frons except for antennal emarginations, central yellow
area pointed above and nearly reaching midocellus (fig. 2), scape and flagello-
meres I-II within, postocular spot, pronotal ridge, pronotal lobe, associated meso-
pleural spot, 2 other mesopleural dots, tegula, a pair of dots on scutellum, band
across metanotum, coxal spots, femora distally, tibiae and tarsi mostly, bands across
terga, that on I broken medially, on II with deep anteromedial emargination, III
and following somewhat bi-emarginate anteriorly, broad bands across sterna II-
IV; clypeal brush tawny, wing veins and stigma reddish, wing membrane nearly
clear, a little stained toward apex. Pubescence white to faintly fulvous, mostly
sparse. Setigerous punctures on clypeus well spaced, polished between, upper
frons becoming closely punctate and substriate, vertex and notum polished with
fine sparse punctures, mesopleuron similar, terga with small to moderate well
spaced and shallow punctures, those of I-III much larger than on scutum. Malar
space at middle 1.2 times length of pedicel; clypeal brushes touching medially;
least interocular distance about 54 clypeal breadth, ocellocular distance 2 lateral
ocellus diameters, pronotal ridge narrowly but smoothly rounded.

Female. Length 11.0-12.5 mm. Markings, pubescence and punctation about
as in male except as follows: mandible extensively yellow, flagellomere II dark,
propodeum often with spots, body venter more extensively yellow, all terga some-
times with complete yellow bands, wing membrane dusky. Clypeal apex projecting
and somewhat up-tilted, width slightly more than that of pedicel; lines drawn
from apex of angle of eye emargination to outer edge of clypeus essentially
parallel; flagellomere I about 2.2 times as long as broad; front basitarsus with
3 well developed setae before apex.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 399

1. arizonicus 2. levini

3. michelbacheri 4. schusteri

5. nasalis Go = WarScanlus

Figs. 1-6. Facial views of Philanthus: 1-5, male holotype; 6, female paratype.

400 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

Holotype male (UCD), dry wash, 3 miles sw. of Pearblossom, Los
Angeles Co., California, 3500 ft. elev., September 28, 1970, on Lepi-
dospartum squamatum (D. P. Levin). Paratypes, 33 males, 2 females,
same data as holotype except some collected October 14-16, 1970 (C.
Henne). Other paratypes, California, 21 males, 12 females, Ventura
Co.: 22 mi. nnw. Ojai (J. Powell); Los Angeles Co.: Big Rock Creek
(R. Snelling), Little Rock (A. Hardy), ‘Palmdale; Riverside Co.:
Coahuila Creek (T. Craig), Whitewater Canyon (P. Daren” an
Bernardino Co.: 5 mi. se. Pinon Hills (R. Rude), Cajon Canyon (E.
Schlinger, A. Melander, P. Timberlake), Deep Creek (P. Timberlake),
Morongo Valley (P. Timberlake). ee were collected from
August 21 to October 16. A single female (Palmdale) was taken on
June 14.

P. levini is a member of the pacificus Cresson group which is char-
acterized by having the pale band of terga IV and/or V anteriorly bi-
emarginate. Within this group it is distinguished in the male by having
(1) the punctation of tergum III more coarse than that of the scutum,
(2) the scutal punctures very unevenly spaced, and (3) by having
both terga and sterna with yellow bands. The female has the punc-
tation of the scutum quite irregular and finer than that on tergum II,
the mesopleuron is spotted, the propodeal enclosure is not ridged, the
tergal punctation is unusually shallow, and the markings are yellow.
The species is named for D. P. Levin who collected much of the type
series.

Philanthus michelbacheri R. Bohart, n. sp.

Male. Length 10 mm, forewing 8 mm. Black, marked with whitish to whitish
yellow as follows: clypeus and lower two thirds of frons except for antennal
emarginations which reach clypeus (fig. 3), mandible mostly, dots on scape and
flagellomere II, postocular spot, pronotal ridge, pronotal lobe and 2 following
spots on mesopleuron, tegula, dots on scutellum, band across metanotum, large
lateral propodeal spot, small coxal spots, femora distally, tibiae and tarsi mostly,
large separated spots on terga I-II, those of II emarginate posteriorly, broadly con-
cave apical band on III, anteriorly bi-emarginate bands on IV—VI, large lateral
spots on sterna II-III, small ones on IV—V, clypeal brush blackish; costa pale near
base, other wing veins and stigma reddish, wing membrane a little stained near
apex. Pubescence whitish. Setigerous punctures on clypeus sparse, polished be-
tween; upper frons closely punctate and substriate; punctures moderately small
and averaging a little more or less than a diameter apart on vertex, scutum, meso-
pleuron, and terga I-II, close over most of propodeal enclosure (which is polished
laterally ), punctures progressively finer on terga II-VI, punctation of tergum II
about as coarse as on scutum. Malar space at middle 1.2 times length of pedicel;
clypeal brushes occupying % of apical clypeal rim; least interocular distance %
clypeal breadth; ocellocular distance 2.0 lateral ocellus diameters; pronotal ridge
moderately thin and smoothly rounded.

Female. Length 13 mm. Markings, pubescence and punctation about as in

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 401

male except as follows: markings yellow, anterior and posterior lateral scutal
spots, mesopleuron and thoracic venter extensively yellow, a complete but pos-
teriorly bi-emarginate band on tergum II, those on III and following with broadly
concave anterior margins, sterna II-V with broad yellow bands. Clypeal apex
projecting slightly, width about 1.6 times that of pedicel; lines drawn from apex
of angle of eye emargination to outer edge of clypeus essentially parallel; flagel-
lomere I nearly 3 times as long as broad; front basitarsus with 3 fully developed
setae before apex.

Holotype male (CAS), Rancho Santa Margarita, 28 miles s. El Arco,
Baja California, Mexico, July 3, 1960 (A. E. Michelbacher ). Paratypes,
24 males, 1 female, same data as holotype. Other paratypes, Baja
California: 1 male, Boca de Santa Maria, August 12, 1954 (J. Powell);
1 male, Colonia Guerrero, August 13, 1954 (J. Powell); 1 female, Santa
Maria Valley, August 11, 1954 (J. Powell); 1 female, Las Animas Bay,
May 8, 1921 (E. P. Van Duzee) .

P. michelbacheri is one of the few North American species in which
the male clypeal brush is black (fig. 3). Others are crotoniphilus
Viereck and Cockerell, gibbosus (Fabricius), barbatus F. Smith, bana-
bacoa Alayo, and some neomexicanus Strandtmann. From all of these
except the last, michelbacheri differs by having the punctation of
tergum III not more coarse than that on the scutum. The rather short
malar space in michelbacheri is a separational feature in the male (fig.
3). In the female the punctation of tergum II is more coarse than that
of the scutum. Also, the costa is pale toward the base rather than rust-
red as in neomexicanus. The species is named for A. E. Michelbacher,
who has collected extensively in the Hymenoptera.

Philanthus nasalis R. Bohart, n. sp.

Male. Length 8.0 mm, forewing 6.5 mm. Black, marked with ivory white as
follows: clypeus, adjacent large triangular lateral frontal spot, interantennal dot
below large oval frontal spot which is pointed above and below (fig. 5), postocular
spot, inner side of flagellomeres I-III, spot on scape, pronotal ridge, apex of
pronotal lobe, adjacent mesopleural spot, tegula, forewing costa extensively, other
wing veins toward base, metanotal band, femora distally, tibiae and tarsi mostly,
latter darkened distally, large lateral spots on terga I-II, a pair of apicomedial
spots on II, narrow and bilaterally emarginate apical bands on terga HI-—V, a pair
of dots on VI, lateral dots on sterna III-IV; clypeal brush pale tawny; wing mem-
brane nearly clear, stigma light brown. Pubescence whitish, mostly sparse. Setig-
erous punctures on clypeus sparse, polished between; upper frons closely punc-
tate and substriate, a moderate shiny spot in front of midocellus, vertex and notum
polished with small sparse punctures, mesopleuron similar but punctures a little
larger, terga I-III polished with medium large but well separated punctures, those
of IV-VI progressively smaller. Malar space at middle 1.6 times length of pedicel;
clypeal brushes practically touching medially; least interocular distance about %
clypeal breadth; ocellocular distance 2 lateral ocellus diameters; pronotal ridge
narrowly but smoothly rounded.

402 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

Female. Length 11.5 mm. Markings, pubescence and punctation about as in
male except as follows: mandible mostly pale, flagellomere II unspotted, flagel-
lum dull red beneath, lower frons all whitish except for antennal emarginations
(fig. 6), wing veins and tarsi reddish brown, tergum V with a deeply bi-emarginate
pale band. Clypeal apex strongly projecting forward and upturned (fig. 6), width
of apex about equal to that of pedicel, lines drawn from apex of angle of eye
emargination to outer edge of clypeus essentially parallel; flagellomere I about
2.5 times as long as broad; front basitarsus with 3 well developed setae before
apex.

Holotype male (UCD), Antioch, Contra Costa Co., California, Oc-
tober 14, 1954 (M. Wasbauer). Paratypes, 4 males, 15 females, Antioch,
California, September 25 to October 25, on Eriogonum (P. D. Hurd,
A. M. Barnes, G. I. Stage, M. Wasbauer, E. E. Lindquist, D. Burdick).

Philanthus schusteri R. Bohart, n. sp.

Male. Length 8.0 mm, forewing 6.5 mm. Black, marked with ivory white as
follows: undulating basal band on clypeus, irregular lower frontal spots, irregular
and somewhat longitudinal upper frontal spot (fig. 4), inner surface of flagello-
meres II-III and apex of I, pronotal ridge except narrowly at middle, dot on pro-
notal lobe, tegula, dot on metanotum, costa basally, extreme distal end of femora,
outer surface of tibiae, complete irregular bands across terga I-II, 3 apical spots
on III, bi-emarginate apical bands on IV-V, lateral dots on sterna HI-IV; clypeal
brush off-white; wing membrane clear, stigma light reddish; flagellum fulvous
beneath beyond flagellomere I; tarsi reddish, as well as insides of tibiae and apex
of hind femur. Pubescence whitish, mostly sparse. Setigerous punctures on clypeus
sparse, polished between; upper frons and vertex with sparse fine punctures;
scutum and mesopleuron with small but rather well spaced punctures, fewer on
scutellum and more irregular on propodeal enclosure; terga with small and well
spaced punctures which become progressively finer posteriorly. Malar space at
middle 1.6 times length of pedicel; clypeal brushes nearly touching medially; least
interocular distance about % clypeal breadth; ocellocular distance 1.8 lateral
ocellus diameters; pronotal ridge forming a thin, slightly rounded edge.

Female. Length 9.5 mm. Markings, pubescence and punctation about as in
male except as follows: mandible mostly pale, scape and flagellomere I whitish
inside, flagellum extensively light reddish beneath, clypeus and lower frons pale
except for antennal emarginations, postocular spot present, metanotum banded,
femora mostly red, tergum I with 3 whitish spots, II-V with bi-emarginate bands
which on II may tend to enclose a pair of black spots, sterna II-V with variable
whitish markings. Clypeal apex not unusually projecting, width about twice that
of pedicel; lines drawn from apex of angle of eye emargination to outer edge of
clypeus essentially parallel; flagellomere I about twice as long as broad. Front
basitarsus with 3 well developed setae before apex.

Holotype male (UCD), Palo Verde, Imperial Co., California, April
3, 1966 (R. O. Schuster). Paratypes, California, 4 males, 28 females,
Imperial Co.: Palo Verde (R. Schuster, R. Bohart, P. Hurd, D. Bright);
Riverside Co.: 18 mi. w. Blythe (R. Schuster, R. Bohart, J. Hall, P.
Timberlake, R. Brumley, C. Kovacic); Hopkins Well (E. Linsley, P.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 403

Hurd); San Bernardino Co.: Carsons Well (R. Bohart). Other para-
types, 1 male, 15 females, Arizona: 12 mi. n. Quartzite (S. Davidson,
M. Cazier), Ligurta (F. Parker, J. Davidson, M. Cazier), 18 mi. s.
Gila Bend (J. Davidson, M. Cazier, S. Gorodenski), San Luis (J.
Davidson, M. Cazier). Dates of collection were from March 22 to
April 23.

P. schusteri is the only member of the pacificus group in which the
mesopleuron is all dark. Also, the femora are partly reddish and the
forewing costa is whitish toward the base. Together with the fine
scutal punctation, these characters will separate it from all other North
American Philanthus. Facial markings in the male (fig. 4) are variable
but the lower frons is unusually dark and there is always a large black
apical spot on the clypeus. The species is named for R. O. Schuster
who collected much of the type series.

A PRELIMINARY KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE NEOTROPICAL
GENUS TETREUARESTA HENDEL

(DiererRA: TEPHRITIDAE )

GrorcE C. StEYSKAL, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural
Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture’

ABSTRACT—The 17 known species of Tetreuaresta are keyed, including 8
species for the first time.

The genus Tetreuaresta was established by Hendel in 1928, as a
segregate of Euaresta Loew and distinguished by the following char-
acters: 3 pairs of lower fronto-orbital bristles; 2 pairs of scutellars; 3rd
vein with setae on nearly entire length; dark brown background color
of wing even, not mottled, hyaline spots discrete. As shown by Foote
(1967: 4), the genus is one of 16 genera left by Aczél in a residual
group of Tephritini, the generic limits of which are still in need of
study. The catalogue of neotropical Tephritidae (Foote, 1967: 43)
lists 17 species of Tetreuaresta. In Hendel’s monograph of South
American Tephritidae (1914: 70) nine of those species are keyed
under Euaresta, and Hering (1941: 154) gave a key to five of those
nine that were known to occur in Peru. It is hoped that the key here

1 Mail address: c/o U. S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560.

404 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

presented, drawn up as a means of determining material sent in from
neotropical areas, will make that task easier and the results more

accurate. Citations to all pertinent literature may be found in Foote
(1967).

Key To Species OF Tetreuaresta HENDEL

1 (2) Basal half of posterior border of wing hyaline, including nearly all
of area posterad of anal vein; hyaline spot immediately apicad of
tip,OfeenGsvem:-veryssimally ae ee T. scitula (Wulp)

2 (1) Area posterad of anal vein with considerable amount of brown col-
oration; hyaline spot immediately apicad of tip of 2nd vein usually
of considerable size.

3 (4) Wing with 3 large, narrowly separated anteromedian incisions
(hyaline areas in marginal cell directly apicad of tip of Ist vein);
small black bulla present in Ist posterior cell __ T. crenulata (Wulp)

4 (3) Only 2 anteromedian incisions on wing; bulla absent.

5(14) Thorax and abdomen largely of yellowish ground color; only 1
hyaline spot in base of Ist posterior cell between ta and tp (an-
terior and posterior crossveins ).

6 (7) Tip of wing without typical radiate markings, apical spot running
into L-shaped hyaline spot in submarginal cell, forming with it a
continuous sinuate: band -22 == 28) Se ee ee T. rufula Hering

7 (6) Tip of wing with the usual radiate markings, apical spot isolated
from hyaline incision at either side of it.

8 (9) At least basal one of 2 anteromedian incisions extending into sub-

TV AT Veal eye be ee ee ea T. spectabilis (Loew)

9 (8) Neither of 2 anteromedian incisions extending into submarginal cell.

10(11) Ist posterior cell with 5 hyaline spots, including one at mid-length;
anteromedian incisions arcuate, apically concave — T. plaumanni Hering

11(10) Ist posterior cell without median hyaline spot, only 3 apical ones
and 1 subbasal; both anteromedian incisions cuneate, basal one
much the larger.

12(13) Discal cell with 2 hyaline spots; hyaline spots basad and apicad of

ta nearly equal in size (Mexico to Panama) —_- T. timida (Loew)
13(12) Discal cell with 1 hyaline spot; hyaline spot basad of ta much larger
than one apicad of ta (Venezuela) __.___. T. platypteryx Hering

14 (5) Thorax and abdomen largely blackish in ground color; 1st posterior
cell sometimes with several small hyaline spots.

15(18) Ist posterior cell with 4 or more small hyaline spots basad of tp
and 1 or more at mid-length; basal anteromedian incision sub-
tended by small hyaline spot.

16(17) Ist posterior cell with apical spot double, divided lengthwise of cell,
and with more than 1 spot at mid-length of cell —_ T. copiosa Hering

17(16) Ist posterior cell with single apical spot and only 1 spot at mid-
léngthy 22." ci: eR ee T. punctipennata Hering

18(15) Only 1 hyaline spot in Ist posterior cell basad of tp, none or only
1 at mid-length.

19(20)

20( 19)

21(22)

2221)

23(24)

24 (23)

25 (28)
26 (27)
27 (26)
28(25)

29( 30)

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 405

Ist posterior cell with apical spot small and round, basad of which
are only 1 preapical (anterior), 1 median, and 1 subbasal spot;
both anteromedian incisions large, triangular, and virtually attain-
ing 3rd vein; in tip of submarginal cell only 1 minute hyaline
Spot just apicad of tip: of 2nd vemi2 = T. bartica Bates

Apical spot in Ist posterior cell at least half as wide as cell and
flanked on each side by preapical spots; otherwise differing.

Apical spot in Ist posterior cell round and narrowly separated from
costa; both anteromedian incisions extending into submarginal
Celle ee et A OE Reena. 1A ee T. phthonera (Hendel )

Apical spot longer than broad, contiguous to costa; anteromedian
incisions extending into submarginal cell or not.

Ist posterior cell with apical spot cuneate, half as wide as cell; both
anteromedian incisions large, extending into submarginal cell, and
nearly fuseavon 2nd “vein 22.222. eee he T. myrtis (Hendel)

Apical spot at least 7 as wide as cell, triangular or parabolic; sub-
basal spot of 1st posterior cell not over 24 as wide as cell (if
broader, then anteromedian incisions squarish); anteromedian
incisions extending into submarginal cell or not.

Neither of anteromedian incisions extending into submarginal cell
or subtended by spot in that cell.

Discal cell with 2 hyaline spots; Ist basal cell with hyaline spot

above discal cell a little basad of ta T. obscuriventris (Loew)
Discal cell with 1 hyaline spot; 1st basal cell without hyaline spot
above idiscalll ‘cellg=: = sa ssc - me heer ee eel Bees T. deleta Hering

At least basal one of anteromedian incisions extending into sub-
marginal cell or subtended by small spot in that cell.

Both anteromedian incisions squarish and subtended by large round
spots in submarginal cell; both preapical spots of Ist posterior
cell narrowly separated from adjacent spots in neighboring cells
i a ee a eae eS ED T. angustipennis (Wulp)

At least 1 of anteromedian incisions either tapering, not attaining 2nd
vein, or not subtended by spot in submarginal cell.

Discal cell with 1 hyaline spot; basal of 2 anteromedian incisions
attaining 2nd vein, but both subtended by small round spot in
Sulomarcimalys cell aie ate oa a et T. lata Hering

Discal cell with about 7 small spots; both anteromedian incisions
attaining 2nd vein, but only basal one subtended by spot in
submanginalk celle. ose viene ee ee T. ellipa (Hendel)

(not spelled ‘ellipta )

REFERENCE

Foote, R. H. 1967. Family Tephritidae (Trypetidae, Trupaneidae). In Van-
zolini, P. E., and N. Papavero, eds. A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas
south of the United States. Dept. Zool., Secr. Agr., Sao Paulo, fase. 57:1-91.

406 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972
THE EFFECT OF DESICCATION ON SOME ORIBATID MITES!

M. Jaui,? School of Agriculture, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington,
Loughborough, Leics., England

ABSTRACT—Using the bio-assay technique, a study was made on the desic-
cation period of some oribatid mites, Tectocepheus velatus (Mich.), T. sarakensis
Tragardh, Humerobates rostrolamellatus Grandjean and Platynothrus peltifer (Koch)
obtained from contrasting habitats. No consistent or significant difference was
observed in adults of these species. The immature stages of these mites showed
a trend of increased resistence in successive stages from larva to adult. Observa-
tions were also made on the reaction of these mites to desiccation.

Most oribatid mites require a place where the atmosphere is satu-
rated with water vapor, or nearly so, for most of the time. They are
to be found mostly associated with damp soil or vegetation. They will
not remain alive after having lost a substantial portion of water from
their bodies. Apart from the studies of Riha (1951) and Madge (1964),
few laboratory experiments are available on the desiccation period of
oribatid mites. This work deals with Tectocepheus velatus (Mich.),
T. sarakensis Tragardh, Humerobates restrolamellatus Grandjean and
Platynothrus peltifer (Koch).

The comparative distribution records of these mites suggest the H.
rostrolamellatus (length 777 »; width 554 ,.) is a xerophyl, Tectocepheus
species (length 335 »; width 202 1) mesophils and P. peltifer (length
923 »; width 493 ) a meso-hygrophyl. P. peltifer may be fairly con-
sidered as a hygrophyl form, though the records of distribution give a
confusing picture of its relationship to moisture condition. A possible
explanation for the somewhat contradictory evidence for a species
such as P. peltifer and the ubiquitous occurrence of Tectocepheus
species might be the presence of ecological races adapted to particular
moisture conditions. To test the hypothesis it was decided to carry
out a series of desiccation experiments using a bio-assay technique.
The weak link in the cycle of survival might well be related to the
conditions required by the immature stages and it was considered
essential to obtain information on the effect of desiccation on the im-
mature stages as well. The latter information should have a value in
its own right, as there is such little comparative data available on the
ability of immature stages to withstand dry conditions.

1 This paper represents part of a thesis submitted for a M.Sc. degree in the
University of Nottingham, England.

* Present address: Ohio Department of Health, 1571 Perry St., P.O. Box 2568,
Columbus, Ohio 43216.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 407

MATERIALS AND METHODS

All the oribatid mites were cultured successfully in the laboratory
(Murphy and Jalil, 1964; Jalil, 1969; Jalil, 1972). Tectocpheus species
and P. peltifer were extracted from woodland soil, grassland soil, moss
cushion and sphagnum by a Berlese type extraction funnel while H.
rostrolamellatus was collected mainly from apple trees. They were
kept in moist plaster of Paris culture cells at a constant temperature
(15 + 2° C); food was not supplied. The experiment was conducted
within 24 hours after extraction or collection. A fine brush(oo) and
low-power binocular microscope were used in picking up the mites.

The experiments were carried out in micro-desiccators (Madge,
1964). The micro-desiccators were Gooch filter crucibles with sinstered
dish as bases, of porosity 100-200 » (Gallenkemp & Co. Ltd., London)
with matching rubber bungs, square cover glasses (4.5 x 4.5 cm) and
small petri dishes (depth 3.5; height 14 cm). The small petri dishes
were filled with a desiccant (Phosphorous pentoxide) and were fitted
into the large chambers of inverted crucibles, resting on the narrow
end of rubber bungs. The top of the inverted crucibles provided shal-
low chambers (area 26 mm X 2 mm) for keeping mites and was
covered by the square glasses and sealed with Silicone stopcock grease
(Dow Co., Michigan). These desiccators were put in a water-bath
and weighted down with small pieces of iron so that they could be
completely submerged in water.

Twenty to 50 mites were used in each of six desiccators. Five
desiccators were exposed to five different concentrations /hours, which
ranged from 2 to 6 hours for Tectocepheus, 4 to 20 hours for P. peltifer,
and 5 to 25 hours for H. rostrolamellatus, to give high, medium and
low mortality and one desiccator was kept as control by putting water
instead of desiccant in the petri dish. The experimental mites were
transferred to standard culture cells and examined after 6 hours. Any
movement of any part of the body was classed as ‘alive’ and any mite
that showed no movement at all, as “dead. No other intermediate
classes were made. These experiments were repeated twice. Using
probit analysis as modelled by Finney (1947), the time required to
kill 50% of population was determined. When the difference is said
to be significant, it refers to the 5% level of probability.

RESULTS

The desiccation period (hr) as L.D. 50 for these oribatid mites is
given in Table 1.

Tectocepheus. The probit lines of the mixed Tectocepheus from
woodland, moss cushion and grassland differ in slope but not signifi-
cantly. The median lethal exposure falls within 5% fiducial limits,
indicating that adults of Tectocepheus species from three habitats did

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

408

VIG 9'8T 0'0G ae CST Tesi OST = ydurAuop1y,

CsI OFT LOL 7 eel 6CI L&I a ydurAuonaq
Goel Stall VET a ou ME 6 COL rr ydurAuozo1g
oL as V9 ne 09 VV GG ay BAIV'T
9'FG F'0G G'S [fos pxeyoio 0'9T 9°cT 8'cT wunuseyds PV
SLT O'LT T'S =: 90 afdde jo yiwq Mopeg 991 are) Por WOoIYsNd sso PPV
€'CS PSL O'IZ aaj ofdde jo sayourig SOL FOL 9'9T pur[poo\ ypv
roddQ IOMO'T OSiGel yeyUqey jaddy IOMO'T og at ywyUqey a5e4S

spun, TeOnpry sy Teonpryz

§NJD]] AULD] OAJSOL ‘H dafyjad ‘d

— = —= = = = GG Ee CT = yautAuojLt yf,
— — — = == = Cor, roa Ge — ydurAuojnIaq
—- — — = = = OF 0% rE —— ydurAuojo1g
ee = a2 = = a ee TG LG = BATE]
O'S ST Ve CV ST Oe IV 6T OS Poe Eset) YApPV
SV IE GV VS 9° OT LY LG Las uorYysnod ssoyy YAPV
9g S'S CV i Les se 8g 8G a 4 PEER ooN {LUN
todd IOMO'T os'a't reddy IOMO'T os'a'l roddyQ IOMO'T os'a'l yey 33e1S

spun, [eIOonply syuy TeIonpryz sHuny [eIONprz

SISUBYDADS * T, snqpjaa * J, (pexty, ) snaydaI0j02 J,

‘SOUL PIVQMO oWIOS JO SasvIS 9INJLUIUT PUL NPE OY} IOF QE '*C"T sk (AY) ported uoTVooIsap oy], “[ ATAV],

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 409

not differ significantly in resistance to desiccation. In most cases T.
sarakensis appeared to be slightly more resistant than T. velatus but
the differences were not significant.

The slope of probit lines of immature stages did not differ signifi-
cantly. L.D. 50 increased slightly in each successive stage from larva
to tritonymph, but these differences were not statistically significant.
The larva, however, was significantly less resistant than the tritonymph.

H. rostrolamellatus. The probit lines of adults of H. rostrolamel-
latus obtained from apple tree branches, below bark of apple tree and
orchard soil did not differ significantly in slope or L.D. 50.

The probit lines increase in slope from larva to tritonymph. The
differences in L.D. 50 between successive stages were statistically
significant with the possible exception of that between protonymph
and deutonymph. The L.D. 50 of the tritonymph was approximately
the same as that of the adult.

P. peltifer. The probit lines of P. peltifer from woodland, moss
cushion and sphagnum did not differ in slope. Adults from woodland
and moss cushion were equally resistant to desiccation, but signifi-
cantly more resistant than those from sphagnum.

The probit lines of the immature stages of P. peltifer did not differ
significantly in slope. The median lethal exposures increased sig-
nificantly in each successive stage from larva to tritonymph. The
L.D. 50 of the tritonymph was lower than that of the adult from
woodland but not significantly so.

Reaction of mites to desiccation. “Sham death’ reaction was very
common in Tectocepheus. They were found in the corner or in the
pores of the sinstered glass of the desiccator lying in a natural position
(dorsal side up). Thread-like structures were frequently ejected as
indicated by the large number found on the surface of desiccator cell,
and in standard culture cells in which they were held following desic-
cation. H. rostrolamellatus performed exaggerated movement and
usually died with their legs retracted. Thread-like structures were
ejected as in Tectocepheus species. A light reddish spongy mass of
tissue was found attached to anal plates in two mites. P. peltifer died
with legs partly retracted and were sometimes found on their backs.
During desiccation an oily substance was secreted which left a light
stain on the sinstered glass of the desiccator. The substance may have
been produced by postero-lateral glands.

DISCUSSION

No consistent or significant difference in resistance to desiccation
was observed in adult Tectocepheus species, H. rostrolamellatus and
P. peltifer from three contrasting habitats. As far as desiccation is con-
cerned, there is no evidence that eco-types of these oribatid mites

410 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

exist. P. peltifer from woodland and moss cushion were slightly more
resistant to desiccation than those from sphagnum. This may indicate
phenotypic adaptation to the moist environment of sphagnum since
there is no evidence from other sources that this species exist in sepa-
rate forms.

The immature stages of these mites show a trend of increased re-
sistance in successive stages from larva to adult. Although they are
not always statistically significant, the trends have a reasonable basis
in so far as they correspond with increasing sclerotization and volume/
surface area ratio.

The order of resistance to desiccation with these species was H.
rostrolamellatus, P. peltifer and Tectocepheus species. This corresponds
with order of size. Other characters relatable to desiccation are degree
of sclerotization and behavior. Tectocepheus species are less sclero-
tized than P. peltifer and H. rostrolamellatus. This may contribute
to the lower resistance of the former. The fact that H. rostrolamellatus
is more mobile would tend to decrease its resistance in relation to other
species.

An estimate of ecological valency for these mites in terms of desic-
cation has proved inconclusive. “This may be because of the method
used here is too crude a measure to assess the effect of moisture con-
ditions in the natural environment or the effect of desiccation per se
is small importance. The role of moisture in the soil may be extremely
complex, and interaction with other environmental components and
indeed with the physiological state of mite may further increase the
complexity of the relationship.” (Murphy and Jalil, 1964).

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I am greatly indebted to Dr. P. W. Murphy for his advice and encouragement.
Grateful acknowledgment is also made of generous assistance of Mr. J. Y. Ritchie.
I am also thankful to Dr. D. E. Johnston, Acarology Laboratory, Ohio State Uni-
versity, Columbus, Ohio for his suggestions.

REFERENCES

FINNEY, D. J. 1947. Probit Analysis. University Press, Cambridge. 318 pp.
JALIL, M. 1969. The life cycle of Humerobates rostrolamellatus Grandjean
1936 (Acari). Jour. Kansas Ent. Soc. 42:526-530.
1972. A note on the life cycle of Platynothrus peltifer. Jour.
Kansas Ent. Soc. 45:309-311.
MADGE, D. S. 1964. The water relations of Belba geniculosa Oudms. and
other species of oribatid mites. Acarologia 6:199-223.
MURPHY, P. W., and M. JALIL. 1964. Some observations on the genus Tec-
tocepheus. Acarologia 6:187-197.

RIHA, G. 1951. Zur okdlogie der Oribatiden in Kalksteinbéden. Zool. Jb( Syst).
80:407—450.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 All

THE PUPAE OF SPECIES OF MALAYA LEICESTER FROM
ASIA AND AUSTRALASIA
(DiprEeRA: CULICIDAE )

Joun Lane, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Department of
Entomology, Keppel Street (Gower Street), London W.C.1, England

ABSTRACT—The pupae of species of the mosquito genus Malaya occurring
in Southeast Asia and Australasia have hitherto not been separated in literature.
Differentiating characters are here presented together with a key to the known
species involved.

When examining specimens of Malaya genurostris Leicester and
Malaya jacobsoni (Edwards) an obvious character was noticed to
separate the pupa of these species, hitherto not mentioned in descrip-
tive works on members of the genus Malaya. The pupa of jacobsoni
has not been described as far as I can find in literature (Barraud,
1934; Thurman, 1959; Wharton, 1947) nor does Stone et al., 1959, in
the Synoptic Catalog of the Mosquitoes of the World and Stone in
the supplements to the Catalog, 1961, 1963, 1967 and 1970 give refer-
ence to any further information on the pupae of these species.

Abdominal segments VII and VIII have a prominent tufted hair 9
on both species, with hair 6-VII similar on jacobsoni but not on
genurostris. Hair 6-VII is usually less than half the size of 9-VII with
genurostris and always at least half the size of 9-VII with jacobsoni.
Hair 6-VII never appears as a prominent tuft on specimens of genu-
rostris that I have seen, which is the case with jacobsoni. Iyengar and
Menon (1948), in their paper concerning the biology and behaviour
of M. genurostris, figure the pupa in situ, showing the prominent hairs
9-VII and 9-VIII. With jacobsoni 6-VII would also show as a similar
though smaller prominent tuft.

The branches of hairs 9-VII and 9-VIII are tapered to a fine point,
sometimes divided into two fine points, and show considerable fraying
in both species (high magnification). The branches of 6-VII are
tapered to a fine point in both species, invariably frayed and often
divided into two or more points on jacobsoni but not frayed and rarely
divided on genurostris. These differences in hair 6-VII seem absolutely
characteristic. The frayed and divided 6-VII is particularly outstand-
ing on a series of jacobsoni from Viet Nam.

An analysis was made of all pupal skins of these species that are
present at the U.S. National Museum (usually with associated adults
and larval skins with which the original determination was made)
with regard to abdominal segment VII hairs 6 and 9, and segment VIII
hair 9 (6-VIII is absent on both species). The branches of each of
these hairs were counted on every specimen and notes made of “usual”
and “unusual” characteristics. The average numbers are given below.

A412 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH.,

Me genurostris

Malaya genurostris pupa

Hair 6-VII

average 5.4 branches per hair

(280 hairs examined )

Hair 9-VII

average 18.7 branches per hair

(269 hairs examined )

Hair 9-VIII

average 22.2 branches per hair

(271 hairs examined )

Specimens examined:

76 Thailand pupal skins
59 Philippine pupal skins

2 Malaya pupil skins

4 Indonesia pupal skins

M. jacobsoni y

voL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

LZ,
Yyy

a

SS SSS
——

LS

Malaya jacobsoni pupa

Hair 6-VII
average 9.1 branches per hair
(97 hairs examined )
Hair 9-VII
average 20.0 branches per hair
(98 hairs examined )

Hair 9-VIII
average 21.5 branches per hair
(89 hairs examined )

Specimens examined:
39 Thailand pupal skins
10 Viet Nam pupal skins

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 413

Twelve New Guinea specimens of Malaya leei (Wharton) skins were
examined. This pupa is similar to that of genurostris with regard to
hairs 6-VII, 9-VII and 9-VIII. Hair 6-VII is usually less than half the
size of 9-VII with rarely any fraying on the branches. The branches
of 9-VII and 9-VIII are considerably frayed, perhaps more so than on
genurostris and jacobsoni and appear rather coarser than the branches
of those species. A character was sought to separate the leei pupa
from genurostris and jacobsoni and abdominal hair 5-VI shows an
obvious difference. Hair 5-VI of leei is very long, usually reaching
the hind margin of VIII. With jacobsoni 5-V1 is short, usually reaching
the base of 6-VII and rarely extending further. Hair 5-VI of genurostris
varies in length from near the hind margin of VII to the middle of
VIII. See illustration showing these differentiating characters of genu-
rostris and jacobsoni.

No specimens of Malaya solomonis (Wharton) were available for
examination but this was described and illustrated by Belkin, 1962.
Characters on abdominal segments VI to VIII are very similar to those
of leei. The pupae therefore, of M. genurostris and M. jacobsoni can
be distinguished from each other and from M. leei and M. solomonis
by the characters given in the following key.

KEY TO THE PUPAE OF SOUTHEAST ASIA AND AUSTRALASIAN SPECIES OF Malaya

Five species of Malaya are known from these regions, with the pupa
of M. splendens (Meijere) unknown. At present the pupae of M. leei
and M. solomonis cannot be separated (no specimens of solomonis
were available at the USNM).

1. Abdominal hair 5-VI very long, reaching the hind margin of VIII or

|g OVS) te = ee ar en 2 LE sale OFS AI ke eee leei and solomonis
Hair 5-Vl not reaching the hind! margin of VINE =) 2

2. Hair 5-VI short, rarely extending beyond base of 6-VII; 6-VII a prominent
fufteat least. half themsize ote O= Villu eens jacobsoni

Hair 5-VI longer, extending from near hind margin of VII to the middle
of VIII; 6-VII not a prominent tuft, usually less than half the size of
SEN Oe ees ee Pe cpt ee eee Dee a es de genurostris

Malaya genurostris is known from India, Ceylon, much of Southeast
Asia and Australasian areas (see Stone et al., 1959); M. jacobsoni is
known from India, Thailand, Sumatra, Taiwan and Viet Nam; M.
solomonis from the Solomon Islands; M. splendens from Java and
Borneo and M. leei from New Guinea and the Philippines (see follow-
ing note).

Three adult specimens of Malaya leei were recently found among
genurostris specimens from the Philippines at the USNM. This is the
first record of M. leei from outside of New Guinea.

Al4 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

This work was carried out at the U.S. National Museum, Smith-
sonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560. My thanks to Dr. Alan
Stone of the Systematic Entomology Laboratory, U.S. Department of
Agriculture for reading the manuscript and for advice on the com-
pletion of this paper.

REFERENCES

BARRAUD, P. J. 1934. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and
Burma. Diptera, Vol. V. Family Culicidae, Tribes Megarhinini and Culicini.
Taylor and Francis, London, 463 pp.

BELKIN, J. N. 1962. The Mosquitoes of the South Pacific (Diptera, Culicidae),
Vols. 1 and 2, 608 and 412 pp. University of California Press.

IYENGAR, M. O. T. and M. A. U. MENON. 1948. Notes on Harpagomyia
genurostris Leicester (Diptera, Culicidae). Proc. R. Ent. Soc. Lond. (A) 23
(4-6 ) :39-43.

STONE, A., K. L. KNIGHT, and H. STARCKE. 1959. <A Synoptic Catalog of
the Mosquitoes of the World (Diptera, Culicidae). Ent. Soc. Amer., Thomas
Say Found. Vol. VI, 358 pp., Washington, D.C.

THURMAN, E. H. B. 1959. A contribution to a revision of the Culicidae of
Northern Thailand. Univ. Maryland Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. A-100.

WHARTON, R. H. 1947. Notes on Australian mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae).
Part VII. The genus Harpagomyia. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 72( 1-2) :58-68.

Note added in proof—The manuscript for this paper was sent to press before
that of Ramalingam and Pillai (page 451) and, due to lack of time and space,
the author was unable to comment on where the new species of Malaya fits into
his key to pupae. Editor.

A PRELIMINARY KEY TO THE SPECIES OF NEOTEPHRITIS HENDEL

(DipTeRA: TEPHRITIDAE )

GrorcE C,. StEYsKAL, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural
Research Service, U. 8. Department of Agriculture’

ABSTRACT—A key is presented for the identification of the 11 species in the
genus Neotephritis Hendel.

The three North American species of Neotephritis were revised by
Foote (1960) and the remaining species catalogued by the same author
(Foote, 1967). There are a total of 11 species presently recognized,
but only the 3 North American species have been brought together
in a key. The following key was constructed from descriptions and
on basis of material in the U. S. National Museum for the purpose

1 Mail address: c/o U. S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 415

of determining material received from neotropical areas. Citations of
all pertinent taxonomic references will be found in the 2 above-
mentioned works by Foote.

LAS)

11(10)

Key To Species oF Neotephritis HENDEL

Pterostigma dark brown with 2 small hyaline spots next to costa and
narrow basal hyaline stripe; disc of wing largely dark brown; Ist
posterior cell with apical Y-shaped mark — N. rufula (Wulp)

Pterostigma dark brown with complete basal hyaline mark narrow
or occupying up to %4 of length of cell; disc of wing with broad
oblique dark band from pterostigma through crossveins to pos-
terior margin of wing or largely reticulate; Ist posterior cell
apically dark brown or largely hyaline, without distinct Y mark.

Wing with dark brown band from pterostigma through crossveins to
posterior margin of wing, at least narrowly continued between
crossveins.

Oblique dark band of wing enclosing 2 small and faint hyaline spots
only at and close to posterior margin; wing virtually 3 times as
longi astwider(Jamiaicay) ese eo wee eee, es N. bruesi (Bates)

Oblique wing band strongly narrowed by hyaline spots in apical
part of discal cell; wing not more than 2.6 times as long as wide
(mainland species).

Wing pattern light brown, not sharply contrasting, many small
hyaline spots in dark part of submarginal and Ist posterior cells
apicad of tp, a row of which lies in middle of submarginal cell;
body virtually wholly reddish in ground color; ovipositor sheath
not longer than wide at base (Arizona) — _._ N. rava Foote

Wing pattern sharply contrasting between dark brown and hyaline;
middle of submarginal cell apicad of tp without row of small
hyaline spots; body more or less blackish in ground color; ovi-
positor sheath (not known for N. staminea) longer than wide at
base.

Ist posterior cell with round hyaline spot close to apex; discal cell
with small round hyaline spot close to posteroapical corner; scutel-
lum with hindmargin’ cufous) 222 222s es N. staminea (Wulp)

Ist posterior cell broadly dark brown at tip; discal cell with or with-
out small hyaline spot close to posteroapical corner; scutellum
sometimes largely yellowish.

Discal cell without hyaline spot close to postero-apical corner;
usually with 3 or more small hyaline spots close to last section
of 4th vein in Ist posterior cell; scutellum with hindmargin
TUL OU See ctaae 22 ye sk st wel le ah De AIR ee N. inornata (Coquillett )

Discal cell usually with distinct hyaline spot close to postero-apical
corner; usually only 2 moderately large hyaline spots close to last
section of 4th vein in Ist posterior cell; scutellum largely rufous
medially Oe eet ede Rees Ee Ste ON eae N. finalis (Loew )

Note: The hyaline spot crossing 2nd vein near its tip in Foote’s
figure of the wing (1960: 147, fig. 1) is quite abnormal. Speci-

416 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

mens cited under N. inornata from Arizona in Foote (1960: 150)
will run here.
12 (3) Wing without oblique dark band from pterostigma to posterior
margin, area of wing between crossveins predominantly hyaline
or at least with hyaline spots large enough that 2 adjacent ones
are contiguous on opposite sides of 4th vein (N. thaumasta).
13(14) Wing tip dark brown and ovipositor shining blackish (Venezuela,
Colorahia i 2 vee ah Cs ee ee N. aberrans (Schiner)
Note: Figure of wing not available; description inadequate.
14(13) Wing tip hyaline, or if dark brown (N. thaumasta), ovipositor rufous.
15(16) Wing tip dark brown, wing pattern in general much like that of
N. finalis, but a pair of hyaline spots on either side of 4th vein
virtually separates dark brown area including ta from that in-
Chaitin Sopa ee Se ae 2 N. thaumasta (Hering)
16(15) Wing tip hyaline.
17(18) Hyaline tip of wing oval, not touching either 3rd or 4th veins; tp
in broad, distinct brown seam; somewhat less than apical half of
plterosherma brown. = =o Se See ee N. cancellata (Wulp)
18(17) Hyaline tip of wing filling tip of lst posterior cell for some distance
from apex of wing; tp very narrowly brown-seamed; pterostigma
with basal hyaline spot transverse and usually with tip also more
or less hyaline.
19(20) Mesoscutum pale grayish yellow; wing with conspicuous irregularly
V-shaped mark about and beyond extension of anal cell ——__
Se tr RE AO iy Ga a N. mundelli (Lima)
Note: See also Hering (1942: 15) for differences between N.
mundelli and the following species; the spelling mundellii is er-
roneous.
20(19) Mesoscutum fuscous, densely pale-gray dusted, humeri and scutel-
lum apically yellowish; mark about and beyond extension of anal
cell pale, not conspicuous — N. quadrata (Malloch)

REFERENCES

FOOTE, R. H. 1960. The species of the genus Neotephritis Hendel in America
north of Mexico (Diptera, Tephritidae). Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 68:145-151.
1967. Family Tephritidae (Trypetidae, Trupaneidae). In Vanzo-
lini, P. E., and N. Papavero, eds.—A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas
south of the United States. Dept. Zool., Secr. Agr., Sao Paulo, fase. 57:1-91.
HERING, E. M. 1942. Neue Gattungen und Arten palaearktischer und ex-
otischer Fruchtfliegn. Siruna Seva 4:1-31.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 417

THE SOUTH AMERICAN SAWFLY GENUS ACIDIOPHORA KONOW

(HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE )

Davin R. Smiru, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research
Service, U. 8S. Department of Agriculture’

ABSTRACT—The genus Acidiophora Konow is known only from South America.
The genus is redescribed and a key and descriptions are given for the six known
species: A. decora Konow (= A. nebulosa Jorgensen, n. syn.) from Argentina and
Brazil; A. bokama, n. sp. from Brazil; A. konowi, n. sp. from Peru; A. manni, n.
sp. from Bolivia; A. gecera, n. sp. from Brazil; and A. larira, n. sp. from Brazil.

The genus Acidiophora Konow is restricted to South America, and
its members are easily recognized by their long, fasciate wings with
a contrasting black and hyaline pattern and their shining, impunctate
black and red bodies. So remarkable are their other characters such
as the narrow elongated stigma of the forewing, trifid tarsal claws,
and reduced apical five antennal segments, that Benson (1938) estab-
lished a new tribe, the Acidiophorini (misspelled Acideophorini), in
the Allantinae solely for this genus.

Only two species have been described, A. decora Konow in 1899
from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil and A. nebulosa Jorgensen in 1913
from Misiones, Argentina. My examination of the types of both spe-
cies showed them to be identical. I have found an additional five
species, three from Brazil and one each from Peru and Bolivia. Hosts
are not known, but, judging from the fragile, nearly membranous
lancets, the eggs must be deposited in very soft-tissued plants.

The cooperation of the following has made this review of Acidio-
phora possible: Dr. J. Oehlke, Institut fiir Pflanzenschutzforschung,
Eberswalde, Germany and Ing. Agr. Dr. Luis de Santis, Facultad de
Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Ar-
gentina.

Acidiophora Konow

Acidiophora Konow, 1899, p. 361; Konow, 1905, p. 100; Benson, 1938, p. 366
(Acideophora). Type-species: Acidiophora decora Konow. Monotypic.

Description.—Antenna long, slender, first and second segments each longer than
broad, third segment subequal in length to fourth segment, apical five segments
reduced, together subequal in length to third and fourth segments combined (fig.
2). Clypeus truncate to slightly rounded; malar space linear; no genal carina;
each mandible tridentate with inner tooth small; eyes large, distance between
eyes at base less than length of an eye; postocellar area as long as broad; head
smooth and shining, practically devoid of ridges. No prepectus; cenchri closer

1 Mail address: c/o U. S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560.

418 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 419

together than breadth of a cenchrus; mesepimeron with oval membranous area.
All tarsal claws trifid, without basal lobe (fig. 3); hindbasitarsus longer than re-
maining tarsal segments combined. Forewing (fig. 1) with anal crossvein oblique;
stigma long and narrow, more than half length of radial cell; radial crossvein
straight, nearly perpendicular to stigma. Hindwing (fig. 1) without cell M; anal
cell sessile or with short petiole; apex of radial cell close to apical margin of wing,
with short spurious vein. Male without peripheral vein in hindwing.

Discussion.—Four genera of Allantinae are found in South America:
Acidiophora, Antholcus Konow, Probleta Konow, and Protoprobleta
Malaise. Acidiophora is separated from all of these by the trifid tarsal
claws, elongate stigma and straight radial crossvein of the forewing,
truncate to rounded clypeus, and reduced apical five antennal seg-
ments (other genera may have the apical four segments reduced).

The species of Acidiophora are all similar in general appearance,
but can be separated by color of the thorax and genital characters.
These characters given in the generic description are not repeated for
each species. The female lance and lancet are distinctive for the genus.
The lance is short and acute at the apex and the lancet is short and
broad with the basal portion lightly sclerotized and black, and the
apical portion membranous and white.

Key TO SPECIES

1. Thorax, front coxae and femora entirely orange — A. konowi, n. sp.
Thorax and front legs mostly black, or at least with black on pectus and
TITESOPTESC USUI Sk <tr debs Soe aN cele Ne eee Oe woh el el ee eee a 2
2. Mesopleuron entirely black; mesonotum entirely or mostly black, at most
with’ lateral half of each lateral lobe orange === ee 3
At least upper quarter of mesopleuron orange; mesonotum mouiy orange _.. 5
3. Forewing basal to stigma uniformly infuscated; pronotum black and meso-
THOLUMAGD LA CKg mee ae te es Sa) 2 ee ee en Es A. bokama, n. sp.

Forewing basal to stigma infuscated, but with a central hyaline spot; at
least lower half of pronotum and usually lateral half of each lateral lobe

COP EEN GYR SYee cS nar oe his oe ee ge ee ee ee f
4. Anal cell of hindwing with short petiole; mesonotum mostly black; pro-
netum. except tor lower Inhalt, black ==) se es A. larira, n. sp.

Anal cell of hindwing sessile; lateral half of each lateral lobe of mesonotum
orange, the black on the mesonotum appearing as a broad, longitudinal

GJUAY ODS [ORROVAVOLEUNONY COLMAN SR Se A. decora Konow

5. Upper half of mesopleuron and all of mesoscutellum orange; anal cell of
nm chyviin Gas ess ile se ok <r) a Fae ee ee Es A. manni, n. sp.

Only upper corner of mesopleuron orange; mesoscutellum black; anal cell
OL hindwing, with, short petiole — 2525 A. gecera, n. sp.

<

Figs. 1-3, 5. Acidiophora gecera, n. sp.: 1, fore- and hindwings; 2, antenna;
3, tarsal claw; 5, sheath. Figs. 4, 6, 7. A. bokama, n.sp. 4, sheath; 6, lance;
7, lancet.

4

0

PROG. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 421

Acidiophora bokama, n. sp.

Female.—Average length, 9.7 mm; average forewing length, 11.8 mm. Antenna
and head black. Thorax black with tegula, extreme basal portion of veins of fore-
wing, upper portion of mesepimeron, upper portion of metapleuron at base of
hindwing, and narrow line on anterior margin of pronotum red; posterior angles
of pronotum sometimes brownish. Legs and abdomen black. Forewing uniformly
infuscated from base to stigma, hyaline band below stigma, and apex beyond
stigma infuscated; hindwing infuscated only on margin.

Anal cell of hindwing sessile. Sheath short, broad, truncated (fig. 4). Lance
with basal four annuli far apart, annuli beyond fourth close together (fig. 6);
lancet with apex rounded, slightly truncated on ventroapical margin, first annulus
sinuate and remaining annuli parallel (fig. 7).

Male.—Length, 9.0 mm; forewing length, 9.9 mm. Color and structure similar
to female. Harpe and parapenis as in fig. 15; apex of penis valve broad, with one
dorsal projection (fig. 16); valve shorter and broader than that of larira (fig. 18).

Holotype.—Female, labeled “Brasilien, Nova Teutonia, 27° 11’ B.,
52° 23’ L., 300-500 m., XI-17-1964, Fritz Plaumann.” U.S.N.M. type
no. 72058.

Paratypes.—Same locality as for holotype with following dates: 20-
IIT-1948 (12); IX-1968 (14 ); II-1969 (12); XII-1970 (229).

Discussion.—This is the only species that lacks a hyaline spot in
the basal infuscated portion of the forewing. This, in combination with
the black mesopleuron, mesonotum, and pronotum, should distinguish
this species.

The species name is an arbitrary combination of letters and should
be treated as a noun.

Acidiophora decora Konow
Acidiophora decora Konow, 1899, p. 361. ¢.
Acidiophora nebulosa Jorgensen, 1913, p. 276. 6. NEW SYNONYMY.

Female.—Average length, 9.4 mm; average forewing length, 10.7 mm. Antenna
and head black. Thorax black with cervical sclerites, except for anterior margin,
pronotum, tegula, upper portions of mesepimeron and metapleuron, and lateral
half of each lateral lobe of mesonotum red. Legs black, sometimes base of front
coxa and outer surface of front femur whitish. Abdomen black. Forewing from
base to stigma infuscated, with central hyaline spot; band below stigma hyaline;
apex beyond stigma infuscated; hindwing infuscated only on apical margin.

Anal cell of hindwing sessile. Sheath short, broad, truncated, as in fig. 4. Lance
with fewer annuli and annuli farther apart than in bokama (figs. 8, 6); apex of
lancet rounded, first and second annuli sinuate, parallel, far apart, annuli beyond
second parallel (fig. 9).

Male.—Average length, 8.2 mm; average forewing length, 8.8 mm. Color and

<

Figs. 8, 9. Acidiophora decora Konow: 8, lance; 9, lancet. Figs. 10, 11. A.
gecera, n. sp.: 10, lance; 11, lancet. Fig. 12. A. manni, n. sp.: lancet.

422, PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

Figs. 13, 14. Acidiophora konowi, n. sp.: 13, lance; 14, lancet.

structure as for female except for front tibia and femur which are sometimes more
whitish. Harpe and parapenis as in fig. 15, similar to that of bokama; penis valve
broad, with two dorsal projections (fig. 17).

Types ——Konow’s type is at the Institut fiir Pflanzenschutzforschung,
Eberswalde, Germany, a male labeled “R. Grande do Sul,” “Coll.
Konow,” “Typus,” [red label], and the name label “Acidiophora decora
Konow, Brasil” in Konow’s handwriting. Jorgensen’s type is at the
Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de
La Plata, Argentina, a male labeled “25-IX-10, Misiones, Bompland,
Jorgensen,” and with a name label in Jorgensen’s handwriting “Acidio-
phora nebulosa, n. sp.”; the left forewing is missing.

Records —ARGENTINA: Misiones, Bompland, 25-IX-10. BRAZIL:
Rio Grande do Sul; Espirito Santo, X-1920—II-1921; Guanabara, Rio
de Janeiro, XI-1963, M. Alvarenaga, coll.; Santa Catarina, Nova Teu-
tonia, X-1969, X-1967, IX-1969, F. Plaumann.

Discussion.—This species is recognized by the entirely black meso-
pleuron, the broad black longitudinal stripe on the mesonotum, the
red pronotum, the hyaline spot in the basal infuscated portion of the
forewing, the sessile anal cell of the hindwing, and characters of the

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 493

genitalia as illustrated. The single female from Guanabara, Brazil, has
the tegula black; otherwise, this specimen fits this species.

Acidiophora gecera, nN. sp.

Female.—Average length, 8.5 mm; average forewing length, 10.7 mm. Antenna
and head black. Thorax black with cervical sclerites, upper corner or not more
than upper one-third of mesopleuron, upper half of metapleuron, pronotum, tegula,
lateral margins of mesoprescutum, and lateral lobes of mesonotum, except for
posterior margins, red. Legs black with front coxa, front femur, and extreme base
of front tibia whitish or orange, these parts mostly black in some specimens. Ab-
domen black. Forewing infuscated from base to stigma, with central hyaline spot;
band below stigma hyaline; apex beyond stigma infuscated; hindwing infuscated
only on margin.

Anal cell of hindwing petiolate with petiole length equal to about half width
of cell. Sheath short, rounded (fig. 5). Lance with dorsal margin slightly crenu-
late; distance between annuli gradually decreasing toward apex (fig. 10); lancet
with apex truncate, each annulus about the same distance apart, and annuli three
and four slightly divergent (fig. 11).

Male.—Average length, 8.0 mm; average forewing length, 8.9 mm. Color and
structure similar to female. Harpe and parapenis as in fig. 19; penis valve narrow,
curved at apex (fig. 20).

Holotype.—Female, labeled “Brasilien, Nova Teutonia, 27° 11’ B.,
52° 23’ L., 300-500 m., 16-III-1966, Fritz Plaumann.” U.S.N.M. type
no. 72059.

Paratypes.—All from the type locality with the following dates:
99-III-1947 (19); 14-III-1966 (229, 546); 13-IV-1966 (12, 2362);
III-1968 (26 3); IV-1968 (12 ); II-1969 (14 ); III-1969 (62 2, 266 2);
III-1971 (222). At the U. S. National Museum.

Discussion—This species and larira are the only ones with a petio-
late anal cell in the hindwing; however, larira has the mesopleuron
and mesonotum black. Other diagnostic characters are the red meso-
notum with the prescutum and scutellum black, red upper portion of
the mesopleuron, truncated apex of the female lancet, and slender
penis valve of the male genitalia.

The species name is an arbitrary combination of letters and is to
be treated as a noun.

Acidiophora konowi, n. sp.

Female.—Length, 7.2 mm; forewing length, 10.7 mm. Antenna and head black.
Thorax entirely orange. Legs black with front coxa and front femur orange. Ab-
domen black. Forewing infuscated from base to stigma with central hyaline spot;
hyaline band below stigma; apex beyond stigma infuscated; hindwing infuscated
only on margin.

Anal cell of hindwing sessile. Sheath short, broad, truncated at apex (as in fig.
4). Lance with basal four annuli far apart, remaining annuli much closer together

424 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

Figs. 15, 16. Acidiophora bokama, n. sp.: 15, harpe and parapenis; 16, penis
valve. Fig. 17. A. decora Konow: penis valve. Fig. 18. A. larira, n. sp.: penis
valve. Figs. 19, 20. A. gecera, n. sp.: 19, harpe and parapenis; 20, penis valve.
(Figs. 15-20 drawn to same scale. )

(fig. 13); lancet with dorsoapical margin protuberant, first and second annuli
far apart, second and remaining annuli parallel (fig. 14).
Male.—Unknown.

Holotype——Female, labeled “Vilcanota, Peru,” “Coll. Konow.” At
the Institut fiir Pflanzenschutzforschung, Eberswalde, Germany.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 425

Discussion.—This distinctive species is separated by the entirely
orange thorax, front coxae, and front femora. The apical membranous
portion of the lancet is also more protuberant than in other species
of Acidiophora. It is named for the German sawfly worker Friedrich
Wilhelm Konow, 1842-1908.

Acidiophora larira, n. sp.

Female.—Unknown.

Male.—Length, 9.4 mm; forewing length, 10.6 mm. Antenna and head black.
Thorax black with extreme posterior corner of cervical sclerites, lower half of
pronotum, tegula, small spot on lateral side of each lateral lobe of mesonotum,
upper margin of mesepimeron, and upper portion of metapleuron orange. Legs
and abdomen black. Forewing infuscated from base to stigma with central hya-
line area; hyaline band below stigma; apex beyond stigma infuscated; hindwing
infuscated only on apical margin.

Anal cell of hindwing petiolate, with petiole length about half width of cell.
Harpe and parapenis similar to bokama (fig. 15); penis valve broad, but longer
and narrower than bokama, and with single dorsal lobe which is shorter than that
of bokama (fig. 18).

Holotype.—Male, labeled “Rio de Janeiro, Dist. Federal, Brasil,”
“Setembro, 1938,” “Servico Febro, Amarela, M.E.S., Bras.,” “R. C.
Shannon, coll.” U.S.N.M. type no. 72060.

Discussion.—The color of this species is very similar to the color
of bokama, but the presence of a hyaline spot in the basal infuscated
portion of the forewing, petiolate anal cell of the hindwing, and the
differences in the structure of the penis valve, as illustrated, will
separate larira.

The species name is an arbitrary combination of letters and should
be treated as a noun.

Acidiophora manni, 0. sp.

Female.—Length, 7.2 mm; forewing length, 8.8 mm. Antenna and head black;
labrum brownish. Thorax orange with pectus, lower half of mesopleuron, and
triangular spot on mesoprescutum black. Legs black with base of front coxa and
front femur entirely orange. Abdomen black. Forewing infuscated from base to
stigma with central hyaline spot; hyaline band below stigma; apex beyond stigma
infuscated; hindwing infuscated only on margin.

Anal cell of hindwing sessile. Sheath short, broad, slightly emarginated on
truncated apex (similar to fig. 4). Lance lost; lancet with apex rounded, first
and second annuli far apart, annulus 2 and remaining annuli closer together and
parallel (fig. 12).

Male.—Unknown.

Holotype.—Female, labeled “Huachi, Beni, Bolivia, Wm. M. Mann,”
“September,” “Mulford Bio. Expl. 1921-1922.” U.S.N.M. type no.
72061.

426 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

Discussion.—Other than lancet characters as illustrated, this species
may be separated by the orange upper half of the mesopleuron, orange
front femora and coxae, orange mesoscutellum, and sessile anal cell
of the hindwing. It is named for the collector, Dr. William M. Mann.

REFERENCES

BENSON, R. B. 1938. On the classification of sawflies (Hymenoptera, Sym-
phyta). Trans. Royal Ent. Soc. London 87:353-384.
JORGENSEN, P. 1913. Las Tenthredinoidea (Hym.) de la Republica Argen-
tina. Ann. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 24:247-288.
KONOW, F. 1899. Neue Tenthredinidae. Ent. Nachr. 25:359-366.
1905. Hymenoptera, Fam. Tenthredinidae. In Wytsman, P., ed.,
Genera Insectorum, fasc. 29, 176 pp.

A NEW GENUS AND TWO NEW SPECIES OF LISTROPHORID
FUR MITES FROM NORTH AMERICAN SHREWS

(ACARINA: LISTROPHORIDAE )*

B. McDanieL, Entomology—Zoology Department, South Dakota State University,
Brookings, South Dakota 57006

and

Jonn O. Wuiraker, Jr., Department of Life Science, Indiana State University,
Terre Haute, Indiana 47809

ABSTRACT—A new genus and two new species are described, Olistrophorus,
n.g. (type species O. cryptotae), O. eryptotae (type-host, Cryptotis parva parva),
O. blarina (type-host, Blarina brevicauda are described as new. All of these are
ectoparasites on members of the order Insectivora (shrews) from the United States.

The only record of a listrophorid fur mite recorded from the order
Insectivora is the species Asiochirus suncus (Radford) collected from
the musk shrew, Suncus caeruleus giganteus Geoffrey, in Colombo,
Ceylon, May 20, 1944.

Material collected by the authors from two species of shrews, Cryp-
totis parva parva (Say), from Texas and Blarina brevicauda kirtlandi
Bole and Moulthrop from Indiana extends the host range of listro-
phorid species parasitizing shrews to include the Nearctic realm of
the Western Hemisphere.

The species collected from S. caeruleus giganteus has recently been
placed in a new genus by Fain (1970). In the newly established genus

1 Approved by the Director of the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Sta-
tion as Journal Series No. 1057.

427

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

holotype male; la—d,

>

I

MSPs:

n
I-IV, respectively; 2, allotype female.

>

. gen.

>

Figs. 1, 2. Olistrophorus cryptotae

enlargement of legs

498 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

Asiochirus two other species, A. platacanthomys collected from Plata-
canthomys lasiurus (the spiny Dormice from India) and Myospalax
psilurus (a mole-rat from China) were collected from hosts quite
different from that of a shrew. The species A. suncus does not fit
within the newly erected genus in this paper. Due to its close mor-
phological association with listrophorids that have been taken from
the order Rodentia it is believed that the possibility exists that the
host S. caeruleus giganteus may be an accidental host of A. suncus
and its true host is a member of the order Rodentia and was on the
shrew due to the feeding habits of this large shrew.

Genus Olistrophorus, n. gen.

Type-species: Olistrophorus cryptotae, n. sp.

Body egg-shaped with pointed anterior head plate, males with large flattened
aedeagus. Females with angle-like annulations on opistosomal region. Legs with
numerous simple setae, flap-like region large extending to gnathosomal region.
Propodosomal plate well developed with characteristic sclerotization and asso-
ciated setae. Opistosomal plates of males either heavily or lightly sclerotized, anal
suckers small associated with small setae.

Olistrophorus cryptotae, n. sp.

Male: Body laterally compressed, egg-shaped, numerous fine annulations pos-
terior of propodosomal plate. Legs well-developed. Coxae I highly modified, of
usual listrophorid type, that is with flap-like plates to clasp hairs of host (fig. 1).
Dorsum with well-developed head, propodosomal and opistosomal plates. Head
plate narrowing to a point at the anterior end, enclosing coxa of first pair of legs,
beset with a pair of simple setae. Propodosomal plate extending to coxal region
of second pair of legs, beset with two pairs of simple setae, one located on the
dosal section of the plate, the other located on the lateral section of plate near
coxa of second pair of legs. Opistosomal plate divided extending from coxal region
of leg four to posterior end of body beset with four pairs of simple setae on each
section. Ventrally the gnathosomal with prominent head plate covering mouth-
parts, not clearly delineated in mounted specimens. Coxae I well developed, flap-
like, setae absent. A pair of simple setae placed between coxae of legs I. Exten-
sion of propodosomal plate extending to ventral region between coxa of legs I
and II. Coxal apodemes of legs III and IV open. Two pairs of microsetae placed
near apodemes of genitalia. Genitalia shaped as shown in fig. 1. A pair of anal
suckers associated with a pair of microsetae. All legs with canicals, legs I longest,
II shortest. Legs II and III subequal in length, III thicker than IV. Chaetotaxy
of legs as shown in figs. la, 1b, le, 1d. Length .344 mm, width .149 mm, (taken
between legs III and IV).

Female: Body laterally compressed as in male, numerous fine annulations. Legs
well developed, similar in structure as male. Propodosomal plate similar to male.
Opistosomal region without anal plates and anal suckers. Chaetotaxy of podosoma
consisting of six pairs arranged as shown in fig. 2. Opistosoma and portions of
metapodosoma with two types of annulations, dorsal region with typical line-like
annulations, ventrally replaced by small angled-like humps. Chaetotaxy of opisto-

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 429

Fig. 3. Olistrophorus cryptotae, n. gen., n. sp.: 3a—d, enlargement of legs I-IV,
respectively, of female. Fig. 4. O. blarinae, n.sp.: holotype male.

soma with six pairs of microsetae. Ventrally with Coxae I modified as male, genital
area open not enclosed by leg apodemes. A pair of microsetae located between
coxal apodemes of legs I and II. All legs with conicals. Chaetotaxy of legs as
shown in figs. 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d. Length .419 mm, width 1.67 mm (taken be-
tween legs II and III).

430 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

Figs. 5-7. Olistrophorus blarinae, n. gen., n. sp.: 5a—b, enlargement of legs
I and II, respectively, of male; 6a—b, enlargement of legs III and IV, respectively,
of male; 7, allotype female.

Type Material: Holotype male (colln. no. BMD 554), collected by
B. McDaniel and H. D. Burnett, from the least shrew, Cryptotis parva
parva (Say), 14 miles S.E. Kingsville, Kleberg Co., Texas, 6 February
1966, Host-male, (discarded). Allotype female (colln. no. BMD 555),
with same collection data as holotype, Host-male, (discarded). Other
paratypes include three males (colln. nos. BMD 556-8), all with same
collection data as holotype, Host-BMD 556 female, BMD 557-8 male.
Three females (colln. nos. BMD 559-11) collected in same locality as

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 431

Figs. 8, 9. Olistrophorus blarinae, n. gen., n. sp.: 8a—b, enlargement of legs I
and II, nepeetncly, of female; 9a—b, enlargement of legs III and IV, respectively,
of female.

holotype, on 7 April 1963 by B. McDaniel and S. Casto. Holotype,
allotype in United States Natural Museum; remaining material in the
collection of the author.

Olistrophorus cryptotae, n. sp. is most closely related to O. blarinae,
but differs from it by very distinctive shape of the male aedeagus, over-
all size of the female, O. cryptotae being larger than O. blarinae, the
absence of the enlarged setae between the coxal apodemes of leg IV
of the female and shape of the propodosomal shield of both male and
female extending to ventor.

Olistrophorus blarinae, n. sp.

Male: Body laterally compressed, egg-shaped, numerous fine annulations pos-
terior of propodosomal plate. Legs well-developed. Coxae I modified of usual
listrophorid type, that is with flap-like plates to clasp hair of host (fig. 4). Dorsum
with well-developed head, propodosomal and opistosomal plates. Head plate nar-
rowing to a point at anterior end, with rounded lateral margins and associated
with flap-like plates of coxae I. Propodosomal plate as shown in fig. 4 with two
pairs of simple setae located near margin of head plate. Opistosomal plate lightly

432 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

sclerotized, located near posterior region of the opistosomal region. Anal suckers
present. Dorsal setae arranged as shown in fig. 4. Ventrally the gnathosoma with
prominent head plate covering mouth parts, not clearly delineated in mounted
specimens. Genitalia well-developed associated with a pair of small setae, shape
as shown in fig. 4. All legs with conicals, legs I longest, II shortest. Legs II and
IV subequal in length and width. Chaetotaxy of venter and legs as shown in figs.
5a, b, 6a, b. Length .326 mm, width .140 mm (taken between legs II and IV).

Female: Body shaped as in male, except opistosomal region narrowing at most
posterior region into a more blunted terminal ending. Propodosomal plate similar
to male. Chaetotaxy of dorsum as shown in fig. 7. Opistosomal and portions of
metapodosoma with two types of annulations, region anterior to legs IV with
typical line-like annulations, region behind legs IV with angled-like annulations.
Ventrally with two pairs of genital suckers between legs II and III. A large pair
of club-like setae located between apodemes of legs IV. All legs with conicals.
Chaetotaxy of legs and venter as shown in figs. 8a, b, 9a, b. Length .400 mm,
width .167 mm (taken between legs II and III).

Type Material: Holotype male (JOW-5176-a) together with three
male paratypes (JOW 5176b, c, d), collected by J. O. Whitaker, Jr.,
from Blarina brevicauda, Willow Slough, Newton County, Indiana, 16
August 1969. Allotype female (JOW 517e), with same data as type.
Other paratypes include two females, JOW 5263, 5264, from Blarina
brevicauda, Turkey Run, Parke County, Indiana, 8 October 1969.
Holotype, allotype, in United States Natural Museum, remaining ma-
terial in collection of authors.

Olistrophorus blarinae, n. sp. is most closely related to O. cryptotae,
but differs from it by the difference in the shape of the male aedeagus,
the smaller size of the female, and the presence of the enlarged setae
between the coxal apodemes of leg IV of the female.

REFERENCE

FAIN, A. 1970. Diagnoses de nouveaux lobalgides of Listrophoridaes ( Acarina:
Sarcoptiformes). Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 81(3—4):271-300.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 433

ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE TAXONOMY OF THE GENUS ZENORIA
(COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE )

Rosert D. Gorpon, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture’

ABSTRACT—In this paper four new species are described, Zenoria formosa, Z.
purpurea, Z. peruviana, and Z. dozieri. The types of 3 species of Zenoria not
previously examined are discussed, Ladoria rudepunctata Crotch is placed in
synonymy with Zenoria revestita Mulsant, and data from the specimens of Zenoria
in the Paris Museum are listed.

Since my revision of Zenoria (Gordon, 1971) I have been able to
examine additional type material in the Sicard Collection (Paris) and
the Dejean Collection (Lyon). Three of the 4 types not previously
examined have been located and 57 specimens of Zenoria in the Sicard
Collection, are included herein. Nine specimens of Zenoria from Peru,
collected by B. K. Dozier, were examined and 3 new species are
herein described from this material.

I am indebted to Mme. Bons of the Museum National d'Histoire
Naturelle, Paris, for her assistance during a recent visit there, to M.
David of the Museum d’Histoire Naturelle, Lyon, for allowing me to
examine material in the Dejean Collection of Coccinellidae, and to
H. H. Dozier for the Peruvian specimens. The habitus view of Zenoria
ratzeburgi Mulsant presented here was prepared by Mr. Arthur Cush-
man.

Zenoria subcostalis Mulsant

In addition to the specimens of subcostalis previously recorded
(Gordon, 1971), 2 undetermined specimens labeled “Guyane, Saint
Laurent du Maroni” and “Bogota” were found in the Sicard Collection.
This species was previously recorded only from Colombia.

Zenoria ratzeburgi Mulsant
(Fig. 1)

Mulsant’s type material of ratzeburgi was not located previously;
but a single female specimen, found in the Paris Museum general
collection is almost certainly an unmarked type. This specimen, bear-
ing the following labels, is here designated as the lectotype of ratze-
burgi: “Museum Paris, Bresil, Minas-Geraes a Goyaz, de Castelnau
19-47”; “242”; “Zenoria ratzeburgi Muls., auct. det.”

It was previously thought that ratzeburgi might be synonymous with

1 Mail address: c/o U. S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560.

434 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

Fig. 1, Zenoria ratzeburgi Mulsant (habitus). Figs. 2-9, male genitalia. Z.
rodolioides Crotch: 2, phallobase, ventral; 3, phallobase, lateral; 4, sipho. Z. for-
mosa, n. sp.: 5, phallobase, ventral; 6, phallobase, lateral; 7, sipho. Z. linteolata
Mulsant: 8, phallobase, ventral; 9, sipho.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 435

subcostalis but examination of the type of ratzeburgi indicates that
it is a distinct species. The vittate color pattern (fig. 1) is not at all
like that of any presently known species of Zenoria.

Zenoria pilosula Mulsant

The single female specimen with the label “Carthagena, Lebas,”
standing in the Dejean Collection, is here designated as the lectotype
of pilosula. Mulsant (1850) listed the Dejean Collection as the only
collection in which he had found this species. The specimen previously
described as pilosula (Gordon, 1971) from the Crotch Collection is
apparently the same species as the lectotype and agrees with it in all
respects. One additional female specimen was found in the Sicard
Collection, under the name “pilosula,” bearing the label “Cayenne.”

Zenoria pallida Gordon

A single male specimen of pallida is present in the Paris Museum
material. It is labeled “Santarem” and may be considered topotypical.

Zenoria rodolioides Crotch
(Figs. 2, 3, 4)

A second specimen of this species, a male, was found in the Sicard
Collection, named as rodolioides and bearing the label “Brasil.” This
is an extremely distinctive species with the elytra red and the pronotum
yellow. The colors on the specimen in the Sicard Collection are con-
siderably brighter than those on the type in the Crotch Collection.
The male genitalia (figs. 2, 3, 4) are somewhat like those of Z. vari-
abilis Gordon, but the basal lobe is broader in ventral view and much
thicker in lateral view.

Zenoria delicatula Weise

A single female specimen in the Sicard Collection is apparently this
species and matches Weise’s description exactly. Weise did not state
where his specimens were collected but he received them from the
Museum Paulista in Sao Paulo. The specimen in the Sicard Collection
bears the label “S. Paulo.” Males are needed here to establish the
relationship of delicatula to the other species of Zenoria, but I believe
it may safely be assumed that delicatula is a valid species.

Zenoria crotchi Gordon

A single female specimen in the Sicard Collection, labeled “Itaituba,
Amazonas” is this species. Another specimen, a female labeled “Guyane,
Maroni,” may belong here but has the discal spot nearly black rather
than green as in typical crotchi. Males from the latter locality are
needed for positive identification.

436 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

Zenoria annularis Gordon

Two specimens in the Sicard Collection are definitely this species;
and a female from French Guiana, St. Laurent du Maroni may also
belong here. The specimen from French Guiana has the dark green
elytral spot reduced, occupying the central fourth of the elytra, but
agrees well with annularis in all other respects. One of the 2 speci-
mens of annularis bears no data, and the other is labeled “Itaituba,
Amazonas.”

Zenoria discoidalis ( Kirsch )

Three specimens of discoidalis are in the Sicard Collection, one
labeled simply “Peru,” the others labeled “Pachitea, Perou.”

Zenoria formosa, n. sp.

(Figs. 5, 6, 7)

Holotype Male—Length 3.50 mm, width 2.98 mm. Form round, slightly
elongate. Color mainly black; head, propleuron and legs yellow; pronotum black
with anterior and lateral margins broadly yellow; elytron dark metallic green with
apical tenth yellow. Pronotum with yellowish white, semi-decumbent pubescence,
average length of hairs 0.15 mm; punctures fine, separated by their diameter or
less; width to length ratio of pronotum 2.00 to 0.81 mm. Elytron with pubescence
nearly completely absent; punctures coarse, deep, separated by their diameter or
less, becoming shallow and separated by twice their diameter on disc, interspersed
fine punctures separated by 1 to 4 times their diameter; margin of elytron mod-
erately explanate; epipleuron with inner carina reaching outer margin. Postcoxal
line extending caudad to hind margin of first abdominal sternum, outer end
curved, extending cephalad. Genitalia with basal lobe shorter than paramere,
broad at base, narrowed medially, parallel-sided to apex, apex bluntly rounded;
parameres slightly narrowed apically, curved toward each other (figs. 5, 6); sipho
with tip pointed, curved upward (fig. 7).

Female.—Similar to male except pronotum with anterior margin narrowly yel-
low, lateral margin yellow only in apical half.

Variation—The pronotal color in the male varies from that described above to
a form in which the pronotum is entirely yellow except a small black area on
the basal projection. The apex of the elytron may have the apical eighth yellow.
The pubescence on the elytron, badly rubbed on the holotype, is distinctly present
on the paratypes.

Holotype.—Colombia: Cali, [X-X-1.94(1894), W. Rosenberg ( Paris
Museum ).

Paratypes.—Total 5. 3, Colombia, R. Dagua, W. Rosenberg; 2, Co-
lombia, Chimbo, 1000’, VIII-97. (Paris Museum and U. S. National
Museum ).

Discussion.—In both external appearance and male genitalia formosa
resembles schwarzi Gordon. It also resembles linteolata Mulsant in
external appearance but the male genitalia are quite different. Z.
formosa will key to couplet 28 in the key to species of Zenoria (Gordon,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 437

1971). The male genitalia must be used to distinguish formosa from
linteolata (now nigricollis, n. sp.) and flavicollis Gordon, but the dis-
tribution pattern is of some importance here as neither flavicollis or
nigricollis are known to occur in Colombia. The lack of a pale lateral
border on the elytron will separate formosa from schwarzi. Also,
schwarzi is known only from Panama and formosa is known only from
southern Colombia.

Zenoria variabilis Gordon

Prior to my examination of the Paris Museum material, variabilis
was known only from Peru. There are 4 specimens of variabilis in the
Paris Museum material, all from Bolivia, bearing the following data:
“Salinas, Beni R., VII-95, M. Stuart”; “Chaco, Bolivie”; “Guanay, Mapiri
R., 1300 ft., VIII-95, Stuart.” Two of these specimens are immaculate
dorsally, the other 2 have an elytral pattern not previously described
for this species. There are 3 brown areas on the elytron; a large,
irregular area near the lateral border just anterior to the middle, a
small, round area on the disc not touching the suture, and an irregular,
transverse area on the apical third which touches the suture.

Zenoria emarginata Gordon

A single male of emarginata labeled “Cayenne” is present in the
Paris Museum material. The color pattern is like that of a form of
subcostalis Mulsant (fig. 13, Gordon, 1971) except that the black
border on the elytron extends to the suture at base, but the male
genitalia are those of emarginata. Z. emarginata was previously known
only from Trinidad.

Zenoria revestita Mulsant
Zenoria revestita Mulsant, 1850, p. 900.

Ladoria rudepunctata Crotch, 1874, p. 280.—Korschefsky, 1931, p. 231.—Black-
welder, 1945, p. 451. NEW SYNONYM.

Examination of the type specimen of Ladoria rudepunctata in the
Crotch Collection, Cambridge University, indicates that it is a synonym
of Zenoria revestita.

There are 6 specimens of revestita in the Paris Museum collection,
1 labeled “Bresil,” the others labeled “Tijuca (Rio), Bresil, E. Gounelle,
12-1884.”

Zenoria similaris Gordon

There are 3 specimens of similaris in the Paris Museum collection
labeled “Oazaca, Mexico, Hoege”; “Teapa, Tabasco, Feb., H. H. S.”:
“Bugaba, Panama, Champion.” None of these localities was previously
recorded.

438 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, No. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

Zenoria patula Gordon

The female of this species was not previously known but 1 of the
3 specimens in the Paris Museum material is a female. The female
is similar to the male except that the head is entirely black and the
pronotum is also black except for a narrow, yellow, anterolateral
border. All 3 specimens are labeled “Tijuca (Rio), Bresil, E. Gounelle,
12-1884.”

Zenoria linteolata Mulsant

(Figs. 8, 9)

It was previously assumed (Gordon, 1971) that 2 female specimens
in the Crotch collection from Brazil and 1 male from British Guiana
in the USNM collection were this species. At that time the location
of the type or types of linteolata was unknown. Since then a specimen
in the Sicard Collection, was found which is almost certainly a type.
Mulsant (1850) stated that the material he saw was in the Mocquerys
Collection. In the Sicard Collection are a number of specimens labeled
“Mocquerys,” usually corresponding to those species Mulsant had from
Mocquerys. Apparently Sicard acquired some or all of the Mocquerys
Coccinellidae. A single male bearing the following labels and a black
disc and a green disc, standing under the name “Z. linteolata” in the
Sicard Collection, is here designated as lectotype: “a Mocquerys’;
“Zenoria linteolata.”

Lectotype Male.—Length 3.33 mm, width 2.85 mm. Form round, slightly
elongate. Color mainly black; head, propleuron, entire anterior leg, apex of femur
and entire tibia and tarsus of middle and hind legs, and abdomen yellow; pro-
notum black with anterior and lateral margins bordered with yellow, yellow not
extending to hind margin of pronotum; elytron dark metallic green. All dorsal
pubescence rubbed off. Pronotal punctures fine, separated by their diameter or
less; width to length ratio of pronotum 1.87 to 0.85 mm. Coarse punctures on
elytron deep, separated by less than their diameter, not present on disc, inter-
spersed fine punctures separated by 1 to 4 times their diameter; lateral margin
of elytron feebly explanate, sinuate; epipleuron with inner carina extending half
the distance to outer margin. Postcoxal line extending caudad to hind margin of
first abdominal sternum, outer end abruptly curved cephalad. Male genitalia with
basal lobe subequal in length to paramere, tapering gradually, evenly, from base
to bluntly pointed apex (fig. 8); sipho with apex slightly curved upward, pointed,
all except apical third lost (fig. 9).

Female.—Not known.

Type locality —Brazil (Mocquerys).

Type depository—Paris Museum (lectotype here designated).

Discussion.—Z. linteolata runs to couplet 28 in the key to Zenoria
(Gordon, 1971). Male genitalia are needed to separate this group
of species.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 439

Zenoria nigricollis, n. sp.

This is the species previously described as Zenoria linteolata Mul-
sant (see Gordon, 1971). The male specimen in the USNM from
British Guiana, Bartica District, Kartabo, is here designated as the
holotype of nigricollis. The other 2 specimens previously discussed,
both females in the Crotch Collection, may or may not be conspecific
and are not designated as paratypes.

Zenoria flavicollis Gordon

A single male from Brazil, labeled “Ega,” is in the Paris Museum.
The pronotum is not as described for the holotype, being nearly all
black with anterior and lateral margins yellow, the yellow not extend-
ing to base of pronotum. The larger size of flavicollis will probably
separate that species from linteolata, but male genitalia are needed
to separate flavicollis from nigricollis. The Paris Museum specimen
of flavicollis is topotypical.

Zenoria major Crotch

A single female specimen from Brazil, Santarem, is almost certainly
this species. It bears the label “Santarem (Bates),” agrees in all re-
spects with the type specimen, and may be considered a topotype.

Zenoria carinata Gordon

A female specimen labeled “Guyane Francse, Laurent du Maroni,
collection le Moult” is in the Paris Museum collection. It is the third
specimen of carinata to be recorded, the others being from Surinam.
The male is still unknown.

Zenoria purpurea, n. sp.
(Figs. 10, 11, 12)

Holotype Male.—Length 3.36 mm, width 2.75 mm. Form round, slightly elon-
gate. Color mainly yellow; pronotum black with broad lateral and anterior margin
yellow; elytron dark metallic purple; meso- and metasternum black; abdomen
reddish yellow. Pronotum sparsely covered with grayish white, semidecumbent
pubescence, average length of hairs 0.12 mm; punctures fine, separated by their
diameter or less; width to length ratio of pronotum 2.00 to 0.85 mm. Elytron
with sparse, grayish white, semi-erect pubescence, average length of hairs 0.15
mm; coarse punctures shallow, separated by their diameter or less, becoming
smaller and sparse on disc, interspersed fine punctures separated by 1 to 4 times
their diameter; margin of elytron broadly explanate; epipleuron with inner carina
extending half the distance to lateral margin. Postcoxal line reaching hind margin
of first abdominal sternum, abruptly bent forward, apex nearly reaching coxal
cavity. Abdomen with 6th sternum deeply notched, notch occupying apical half
of sternum; 5th sternum depressed medially. Male genitalia with basal lobe equal
in length to paramere, apex curved upward in lateral view, bluntly pointed; para-

440 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

Figs. 10-18, male genitalia. Zenoria purpurea, n. sp.: 10, phallobase, ventral;
11, phallobase, lateral; 12, sipho. Z. peruviana, n. sp.: 13, phallobase, ventral; 14,
phallobase, lateral; 15, sipho. Z. dozieri, n. sp.: 16, phallobase, ventral; 17, phallo-
base, lateral; 18, sipho.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 44]

mere narrowed toward apex (figs. 10, 11); sipho with apex curved slightly upward
Ghigs12)):.

Female.—Similar to male except 6th sternum entire, 5th sternum emarginate.
Head with black spot on vertex, pronotum entirely black except narrow anterior
border between eye and anterolateral angle yellow.

Variation. Length 3.36 to 3.60 mm, width 2.75 to 3.05 mm.

Holotype.—Peru: Iquitos, Mar. 24, 1969, B. K. Dozier (USNM
CU72M)r

Paratypes.—Total 2. Peru: same data as holotype. (H. L. Dozier
collection).

Discussion.—The metallic purple elytron will immediately separate
purpurea from any presently described species of Zenoria. The emar-
ginate 5th sternum of the female is also unusual in the genus. The
male genitalia are most like those of Z. tricolor Nunenmacher but the
basal lobe is sinuate and distinctly bent upward at the apex in lateral
view in purpurea, nearly straight and just perceptibly curved upward
at apex in tricolor. In the key to species of Zenoria (Gordon, 1971)
purpurea goes to couplet 6 where the purple elytron will separate it.

Zenoria peruviana, nN. sp.

(Figs. 13, 14, 15)

Holotype Male.—Length 3.71 mm, width 3.15 mm. Form nearly round, slightly
elongate. Color mainly yellow; pronotum with median basal projection black;
elytron dark metallic green with a small yellow area along lateral margin at
humeral angle; meso- and metasternum black, abdomen reddish brown. Pronotum
with grayish white, semidecumbent pubescence, average length of hairs 0.12 mm;
punctures fine, separated by less than to 3 times their diameter; width to length
ratio of pronotum 2.38 to 1.10 mm. Elytron with dense grayish white, semi-erect
pubescence, average length of hairs 0.16 mm, discal area with an indistinct spot
caused by dark brown pubescence; coarse punctures deep, separated by their di-
ameter or less, not extending onto disc, interspersed fine punctures separated by
less than to 4 times their diameter; margin of elytron distinctly explanate; epi-
pleuron with inner carina extending half the distance to lateral margin. Postcoxal
line nearly reaching hind margin of first abdominal sternum, abruptly bent forward,
apex nearly reaching coxal cavity. Abdomen with 6th sternum notched, 5th ster-
num depressed medially. Male genitalia with basal lobe subequal in length to
paramere, in lateral view tapered to pointed apex, in ventral view strongly nar-
rowed from base to midpoint, gradually narrowed from midpoint to bluntly
rounded apex; paramere strongly curved downward, outer margin widely flared
near base (figs. 13, 14); sipho with apex nearly straight, attenuate (fig. 15).

Female.—Not known.

Holotype.—Peru: Iquitos, 100 mi. N.E. on Napo River, Mar. 18,
1969, B. K. Dozier (USNM 71722).

Paratype.—Total 1. Peru: same data as holotype. (H. L. Dozier
collection).

Discussion.—Z. peruviana will go to couplet 28 in the key to species

449, PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

of Zenoria. The male genitalia must be used to separate peruviana
from the other species with this type of color pattern. The genitalia
are most like those of paprzycki, but the basal lobe is thickened, not
bent upward in peruviana and is more abruptly narrowed medially
in ventral view.

Zenoria dozieri, 0. sp.

(Figs. 16, 17, 18)

Holotype Male.—Length 3.90 mm, width 3.43 mm. Form round, slightly elon-
gate. Color mostly black; head, narrow anterior and anterolateral angle of pro-
notum, propleuron, prosternum and legs yellow; elytron black with shining discal
spot of dark brown pubescence, lateral fourth of elytron with metallic bronze and
green lustre. Pronotum with grayish white, semidecumbent pubescence, average
length of hairs 0.10 mm; punctures fine, separated by 1 to 3 times their diameter;
width to length ratio of pronotum 2.30 to 0.81 mm. Elytron with grayish white,
semi-erect pubescence, average length of hairs 0.15 mm; coarse punctures deep,
separated by their diameter or less, not extending onto disc, interspersed fine
punctures separated by to 4 times their diameter, lateral margin of elytron dis-
tinctly explanate, sinuate; epipleuron with inner carina extending nearly to outer
margin. Postcoxal line reaching hind margin of first abdominal sternum, abruptly
curved forward, nearly reaching coxal cavity. Male genitalia with basal lobe
shorter than paramere, in lateral view curved upward apically, in ventral view
abruptly narrowed to bluntly rounded apex in apical half; paramere inflated, in
lateral view constricted near base, in ventral view inner apical angle with a small
tooth (figs. 16, 17); sipho straight before apex, curved downward and recurved
at apex (fig. 18).

Female.—Not known.

Holotype.—Peru: Iquitos, Mar. 24, 1969, B. K. Dozier (USNM
71723).

Discussion.—The male genitalia of dozieri resemble somewhat those
of discoidalis Kirsch in having the paramere inflated with an apical
tooth. The basal lobe is quite different in the 2 species. Z. dozieri
goes to couplet 25 in the key to species of Zenoria, and here the male
genitalia are quite different from those of patula or serva. If the pres-
ence of the metallic bronze and green lateral border on the elytron of

dozieri proves to be constant it will immediately distinguish that
species.

REFERENCES
GORDON, R. D. 1971. A revision of the genus Zenoria Mulsant (Coleoptera:
Coccinellidae). Smiths. Contr. Zool., no. 86, 22 pp.

MULSANT, E. 1850. Species des coléoptéres triméres sécuripalpes. Ann. Sci.
Phys. Nat., Lyon 2(2):1-1104.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 443
CHLOROPID FLIES ATTRACTED TO SYNTHETIC CHEMICAL LURES

Joun A. FLuNo,’ Harry G. Davis,? and Wm. M. Rocorr,” Entomology Research
Division, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

ABSTRACT—Species of Chloropidae in Maryland, Florida, Idaho, Oregon, and
Washington were attracted to 2,4-hexadienyl butyrate, 2,4-hexadienyl propionate,
and heptyl butyrate. However, species of chloropid gnats of economic importance
did not respond.

After the initial discovery in 1962 (Davis et al., 1967) that 2,4-hexa-
dienyl butyrate, 2,4-hexadienyl isobutyrate, and 2,4-hexadienyl pro-
pionate were attractive to the yellow jacket, Vespula pensylvanica
(Saussure ), in Oregon, the senior author tested these lures against
eastern species of Vespula in Silver Spring, Maryland. Thus, he opened
a bottle of 2,4-hexadienyl butyrate at 5:05 p.m. EDST on May 10, 1963.
Within 5 minutes, he was surprised to find small gnats gathering
around the bottle. Four of the gnats were collected, and C. W. Sa-
brosky subsequently determined them to be Tricimba_ trisulcata
(Adams), a species of the family Chloropidae.*

From time to time during the summer of 1963 more gnats were
collected in Maryland with 2,4-hexadienyl butyrate. The senior author
also collected gnats with this lure in June 1965 at Winter Park, Florida
and with 2,4-hexadienyl propionate at Gainesville, Florida. In addi-
tion, the junior authors trapped gnats in Farragut State Park, Idaho in
July 1969 and in The Dalles, Oregon, and Pullman, Washington in
August 1970 with still another yellow jacket lure, heptyl butyrate
(Davis et al., 1969).

The present paper reports on the collections.

COLLECTIONS IN MARYLAND IN 1963

Between May 11 and September 26, 1963, 415 specimens of gnats
were attracted to 2,4-hexadienyl butyrate. In all, 9 species in 4 genera
were identified from the collection as follows:

Conioscinella flavescens (Tucker )—12 specimens
C. melancholica (Becker )—2 specimens

C. species near hinkleyi (Malloch )—2 specimens
Olcella cinerea (Loew )—75 specimens

O. parva ( Adams )—113 specimens

1 Beltsville, Maryland 20705.

2 Fresno, California 93727.

3 We wish to acknowledge the assistance of C. W. Sabrosky, Systematic En-
tomology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. Dr.
Sabrosky determined most of the specimens in this study.

444 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

O. trigramma (Loew )—94 specimens (of 7 examined, 2 were males,
5 were females )

Oscinella coxendix (Fitch )—1 specimen

O. minor (Adams )—1 specimen

Tricimba trisulcata (Adams )—119 specimens (22 examined were
females )

COLLECTIONS IN FLoRmDA In 1965

Gnats attracted to 2,4-hexadienyl butyrate at Gainesville, Florida,
on June 21, 1965, included Conioscinella flavescens and Olcella parva
and three other species not collected in Maryland: Conioscinella sub-
marginalis (Sabrosky), Hippelates dissidens (Tucker), and a species
of Olcella, probably quadrivittata (Sabrosky).

A similar test on June 30, 1965, with 2,4-hexadienyl propionate at
Winter Park, Florida yielded tremendous numbers of Conioscinella
flavescens and Olcella cinerea.

COLLECTIONS IN IDAHO IN 1969

In July 1969, yellow jacket traps baited with heptyl butyrate were
operated by the second author in Farragut State Park, Idaho, at the
site of the National Boy Scout Jamboree. Some gnats captured in the
traps with the wasps were identified by Dr. Maurice James of the
Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman,
as Oscinella melancholica Becker (now Conioscinella melancholica
(Becker) ). Dr. Sabrosky subsequently confirmed the determination
and also found single specimens of a species of Oscinella and a Tri-
cimba and 20 specimens of a Conioscinella sp. near triorbiculata
(Sabrosky), which may be a new species.

Because of the large number of traps and specimens taken in the
Idaho study, it was not feasible to carry identification beyond those
noted. The junior authors therefore agreed upon a classification sys-
tem of gnat abundance and limited the observations to sample traps.
As a result, 50 traps each at 4 of the 20 trapping sites in the Jamboree
area were considered as representative samples, and a gnat count was
conducted with these traps only. Furthermore, of these traps con-
taining over 90 gnats each, only one from each of the four sites—the
one with the largest apparent number of the gnats—was fully counted.
The classification gave the following results:

Total traps % of Total

Traps with no chloropids iit 5.9
Traps with 1-49 chloropids each UY 38.5
Traps with 50-89 chloropids each 70 35.0
Traps with 90 or more chloropids each 42 21.0

The maximum numbers of gnats counted were 189, 203, 262, and 277.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 445

COLLECTIONS IN OREGON IN 1970

In August 1970, a large number of traps baited with heptyl butyrate
were operated for yellow jacket studies at The Dalles, Wasco County,
Oregon. Chloropidae taken in these traps were identified by C. W.
Sabrosky as Olcella spp., Tricimba occidentalis Sabrosky, Oscinella
(probably a new species), and Conioscinella melancholica (Becker).
In a sample sent for identification, there were 9 Olcella, 4 Tricimba,
111 Oscinella, and 4 Conioscinella. Also, there were specimens of
Milichiidae, Cecidomyiidae, and Ceratopogonidae. As with the Idaho
collections, too many specimens were collected for individual identifi-
cation. The three groups of 50 traps were therefore classified as
follows:

Total traps % of Total

Traps with no chloropids 25 Li
Traps with 1-49 chloropids each 108 72
Traps with 50-89 chloropids each 14 )
Traps with 90 or more chloropids each 3 2

COLLECTIONS IN WASHINGTON 1970

In August 1970 traps baited with heptyl butyrate were operated in
connection with yellow jacket studies at the apiary of the Washington
State University at Pullman. Chloropids taken in these traps were
determined by C. W. Sabrosky as Tricimba occidentalis Sabrosky and
Conioscinella n. sp. (?) near triorbiculata Sabrosky. Four specimens
of the first and 13 of the second species were sent for determination.
No counts were made of the total numbers of gnats taken.

DISCUSSION

The collection of 14-plus species of chloropids in 5 genera in
Maryland, Florida, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington suggest that 2,4-
hexadienyl butyrate, 2,4-hexadienyl propionate, and heptyl butyrate
are highly attractive to at least some kinds of chloropid gnats. Hip-
pelates pusio Loew, an important pest of man and animals in Florida,
did not respond to the attractants; however, it was not abundant at
the time of collecting, and trapping was not conducted in an area of
known abundance of this pest. The species that were collected are
of no known economic importance. In this connection, it is of note
that in 1970 Beavers et al. (1972) attracted Hippelates pusio Loew
near Orlando, Florida, to 2,4-hexadienyl butyrate.

We have not discussed the traps used in the various studies because
to do so in detail would suggest an importance of trap design that
was not observed. However, for the record, glass jars with screen cones
and water-filled moat traps (the attractant in a pie dish with detergent-
water mixtures to drown the victims) were tried in Maryland, and

446 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

both gave good catches. The pie-dish trap was used in Florida. A
paper ice cream carton trap with a screen cone was used in Idaho,
Oregon, and Washington.

Our observations suggest that an effective attractant might be found
for such economically important chloropids as the species of Hippelates
commonly referred to as eye gnats and for the frit fly, Oscinella frit
(L.). Since specimens not commonly collected were found in the
samples, the study also suggests that many synthetic attractants now
being studied might be employed by taxonomists as a means of col-
lecting material of interest.

REFERENCES

BEAVERS, J. B., T. P. MCGOVERN, MORTON BEROZA, and R. A. SUTTON.
Synthetic attractants for some dipteran species. J. Econ. Ent. (In Press).
DAVIS, H. G., G. W. EDDY, T. P. McGOVERN, and M. BEROZA. 1967. 2,4-

Hexadienyl butyrate and related compounds highly attractive to yellow jackets
(Vespula spp.). Jour. Med. Ent. 4(3) :275-280.

5, and ————.._ 1969. Heptyl! butyrate;

a new synthetic attractant for yellow jackets. Jour. Econ. Ent. 62(5):1245.

OVATUS RETICULATUS, A NEW SPECIES OF APHID
FROM OXALIS IN NORTH CAROLINA
(HomMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE )*

O. E. Hete, Department of Biology, Skive Seminarium,
DK-7800 Skive, Denmark

ABSTRACT—The apterous viviparous female, the oviparous female, and the
brachypterous male of Ovatus reticulatus, n. sp. are described. The new species,
which is related to Ovatus phloxae (Sampson, 1939), but much darker, lives on
Oxalis >stricta in the mountains of North Carolina, being holocyclic and not host
alternating.

The following description of a new North American aphid species
is based on a sample consisting of apterous viviparous females and
sexuales collected by me in North Carolina in 1961. I realized that it
belonged to an undescribed species, but hesitated to describe it. This

1 Manuscript submitted through and recommended for publication by Louise M.
Russell, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 447

could better be done by some one having better opportunities than I
to study the species in nature. But, after ten years, this has not hap-
pened, and therefore I describe the species, hoping that the descrip-
tion may give rise to further finds and augmented knowledge of its
ecology.

Ovatus reticulatus, n. sp.

Apterous viviparous female:

Body broadly oval. Tergum sclerotic, with a heavily pigmented shield from
mesonotum to VIth abd. tergite, including the marginal parts; VIIth abd. tergite
free, sclerotic; VIIIth abd. tergite with transverse, dark bar; a small pale area in
front of each siphunculus (fig. 1 B). Pigmented area with very conspicuous polyg-
onal reticulation, not, except on VIIth and VIIIth tergites, formed by rows of
spinules but by black lines or rather ridges (visible as such in the margins). A
similar, but less distinct kind of reticulation in the non-pigmented cuticle of thorax
and abdomen. Pleural and marginal intersegmental muscular sclerites occur in
the pigmented area, with rather small, subcircular, hexagonal cells. Body hairs few
in number, very short, blunt; VIIIth abd. tergite with 4-6 hairs; length of dorsal
body hairs about 4% of the basal diameter of IIIrd antennal segment. Small, flat
marginal tubercles irregularly present on tergites II-V. Head and Ist and IInd
antennal segments very dark, scabrous, partly imbricated or scaly (fig. 1A).
Frons concave, with well developed lateral tubercles, the inner margins of these
almost parallel, but diverging a little. Antenna 6-segmented, markedly imbricated,
a little shorter than body; IIIrd segment pale, like [Vth segment with faintly
brownish apex, Vth segment with dark apex, VIth segment all very dark; secondary
rhinaria absent; processus terminalis 4.3-4.8 x length of basal part of VIth seg-
ment, 1.3-1.5 x length of IIIrd segment; IVth and Vth segments of about equal
length; longest hair on IIIrd antennal segment only about 14 of basal diameter of
that segment. Rostrum reaching a little past 2nd coxae; apical segment shorter
than 2nd segment of hind tarsi, with 4 short accessory hairs (one or two may be
missing) (fig. 1 F). Legs pale, with faintly darker apices of tibiae and quite
dark tarsi; femora distally and ventrally somewhat imbricated; tibiae without
small spines besides the normal hairs in adults and nymphs; first tarsal segments
with 3-3-2 hairs; 2nd segment of hind tarsi about as long as basal part of VIth
antennal segment. Siphunculi about 144 body’s length, about 2% x length of
cauda, uniformly dark, evenly imbricated, rather slender, but broad at base; the
basal half tapering, the distal fourth or fifth a little swollen, slightly constricted
below the small, but conspicuous flange. Cauda elongated triangular, rather acute,
dark, with 4-8 hairs.

Color while alive shining black. Larvae not shiny.

Body length about 1.67-1.83 mm.

Measurements of holotype in mm: Body 1.80; antenna 1.77, antennal segments:
I 0.10, II 0.09, III 0.38, IV 0.30, V 0.27, VlIa 0.12, VIb 0.51; siphunculus 0.36,
cauda 0.16, apical segment of rostrum 0.09, 2nd segment of hind tarsi 0.11.

Oviparous female (one specimen) :

The sclerotic, distinctly reticulated area from mesonotum to VIth abd. tergite
rather pale; VIIth and VIIIth tergites with dark bars. Siphunculi rather thick
towards apex, narrowly hour-glass-shaped, hardly twice as long as cauda. Proximal

448 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

we.

panes

Fig. 1. Ovatus reticulatus, n. sp., apterous viviparous female: A, head in dorsal
view (100 ); B, posterior part of body (100~x ); C, reticulation pattern of tergum
in high magnification; D, antenna (100); E, siphunculus (145x); F, apical
segment of rostrum (270 ).

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 449

half of hind tibiae swollen, diameter about 2 x diameter of distal part, with
about 30 pseudosensoria. Otherwise like apterous viviparous female.

Color unknown, probably black.

Measurements in mm: Body 1.64; antenna 1.46, antennal segments: I 0.09, II
0.07, III 0.29, IV 0.23, V 0.23, VIa 0.10, VIb 0.45; siphunculus 0.29, cauda 0.15,
apical segment of rostrum 0.09, 2nd segment of hind tarsi 0.11.

Alate male (one specimen) :

Brachypterous, wings useless, venation indistinct. Antennae and legs darker
than in apterous viviparous female. Abdomen with marginal sclerites and spinal
bars, both with very distinct reticulation, dark spots at the spiracles and inter-
segmental muscular sclerites in pleural and marginal positions. Antennae 6-
segmented, longer than body; IlIrd segment with 8-11 extremely small, irregularly
arranged rhinaria, [Vth segment with 7, Vth segment without secondary rhinaria.
Siphunculi almost cylindrical, thinnest in the middle, rather short, only about 0.15
of body’s length, hardly twice as long as cauda. Cauda short, triangular, with 9
hairs.

Color unknown.

Measurements in mm: Body 1.30; antenna 1.49, antennal segments: I 0.08,
II 0.06, III 0.32, IV 0.22, V 0.24, VIa 0.08, VIb 0.49; siphunculus 0.19, cauda
0.10; rudiments of fore wing 0.64, hind wing 0.30.

Types:

Holotype: One apterous viviparous female (no. 2192b1) in the
collection of the U. S. Nat. Mus. Nat. Hist. in Washington.

Paratypes: I brachypterous male in the U. S. Nat. Mus., 3 apterous
viviparous females in Dr. D. Hille Ris Lambers’ collection in Benne-
kom, Netherlands, 2 apterous viviparous females in Dr. C. F. Smith’s
collection in Raleigh, North Carolina, and 1 apterous viviparous fe-
male and 1 oviparous female in the author's collection in Skive, Den-
mark.

Type locality: Pleasant Gardens, Marion, North Carolina, U.S.A.

Biology:

The aphids were collected Oct. 13, 1961, in the mountainous area
of western North Carolina in a garden that extended from a valley
onto a slope overgrown with forest trees and scrub. The aphids were
on the undersides of curved leaves of an Oxalis sp. with yellow flowers.
Later herbarium material of the plant was identified by Dr. J. Hardin
as Oxalis ?stricta, a species native to North America.

The presence of sexuales shows that the species is holocyclic and
not host alternating.

Taxonomy:

The genus Ovatus van der Goot is related to Myzus Passerini. Both
genera have well developed, converging, scabrous frontal tubercles,

450 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

lack secondary rhinaria on the antennae of apterous females, have
mostly short hairs on the body and appendages, and have subcylin-
drical to slightly swollen siphunculi. Ovatus differs from Myzus s. lat.
in lacking the abdominal sclerotization typical for alatae of Myzus and
in having a more or less distinct reticulation pattern on dorsum of
apterae. It differs from Myzus s. str. in the absence of spinules be-
tween the dorso-apical hairs on the hind tibiae in nymphs. And Ovatus
differs from Nectarosiphon Schouteden in the differences from Myzus
s. lat. and also in having less swollen siphunculi in summer and autumn
generations.

O. reticulatus, n. sp. has several characters in common with O.
phloxae (Sampson, 1939), which was described as a Phorodon but
was placed in Ovatus by Hille Ris Lambers (1966: 600); e.g. reticulated
tergum (particularly distinct behind bases of siphunculi), extremely
short hairs on body and antennae, and the same shape of siphunculus,
but O. phloxae is much paler, and its frontal tubercles are more
prominent and converge more strongly.

In Myzus leucocrini Gillette and Palmer, according to the descrip-
tion in Gillette and Palmer (1929: 470-471), old apterous females are
almost black, are reticulated on the dorsum, and the shape of the frons
and siphunculi is nearly the same as in Ovatus reticulatus, n. sp. It
is also described by Mason (1940: 11) and Palmer (1952: 338). I
have not seen M. leucocrini myself. It differs from O. reticulatus in
that the processus terminalis is only about 3 times as long as the basal
part of the ultimate antennal segment, and the cauda is more elongate,
slightly constricted, and bears 10 hairs.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I wish to thank Dr. D. Hille Ris Lambers for drawing my attention to the
similarity between O. reticulatus, n. sp. and O. phloxae, for lending me slides of
O. phloxae for comparison, and for critical remarks, Miss Louise M. Russell for
correcting the language and proof-reading, and Dr. J. W. Hardin of North Caro-
lina State University for the identification of the host plant.

REFERENCES

GILLETTE, C. P. and M. A. PALMER. 1929. Five new Aphididae from
Colorado. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 22:468-479.

HILLE RIS LAMBERS, D. 1966. Notes on California aphids, with descrip-
tions of new genera and new species (Homoptera: Aphididae). Hilgardia 37:
569-623.

MASON, P. W. 1940. A revision of the North American aphids of the genus
Myzus. U.S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Publ. 371: 1-30.

PALMER, M. A. 1952. Aphids of the Rocky Mountain Region. The Thomas
Say Foundation 5, 452 pp.

SAMPSON, W. W. 1939. California aphids of the genus Phorodon. Pan-
Pacific Ent. 15:173-175.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 451

A NEW SPECIES OF MALAYA FROM WEST MALAYSIA
(DrereRA: CUuLIcIDAE)! ?

SHIvAyJI RAMALINGAM and A. GANAPATHI PILLAt,

Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya,
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

ABSTRACT—A_ new species, Malaya ineomptas is described from West
Malaysia. Comments are made on how to distinguish it from other species of
Malaya in Southeast Asia. The distribution of the genus Malaya in West Malaysia
is given.

The genus Malaya is a relatively small one comprising 11 species
distributed over the Ethopian, Oriental and Australasian regions.
Two species of Malaya have been reported to occur in West Malaysia,
Malaya genurostris Leicester, 1908 and Malaya jacobsoni (Edwards,
1930). Malaya genurostris was designated by Leicester, as the type
species of the genus Malaya. The only other species of this genus
recorded from Southeast Asia is Malaya splendens (Meijere, 1909).
Since 1966, in connection with the Mosquitoes of Malaysia Project
organized by the senior author, more than 3,600 collections of
mosquitoes have been made throughout West Malaysia and Singapore.
Preliminary studies of the material indicate a new species of Malaya
occurring in West Malaysia.

The terminology used in describing the adult and pupal stage,
is from the recent series “A Mosquito Taxonomic Glossary” by
Knight and Laffoon (1970-1971), except for the larval stage where
Belkin’s (1962) terminology is used. In the description of the im-
mature stages, the following system is used to enumerate seta
branching: if only one numeral is given in parentheses following
the seta number, it represents the only number of branches encoun-
tered in the sample; if two sets of figures are given, the first
represents the mean number of branches and the second, the range
encountered in the sample.

Malaya incomptas, n. sp.

Adults are readily identified by the complete absence of the median line of
broad, flat, round, silvery scales on the scutum. The pupa can be recognised
from the other two Malaya species in Malaysia by seta 6-VII, which is weak and
has an average of 2 branches arising about half-way from the base.

1This work was supported by Research Grant No. DADA-17-G-9296 from
the U. S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Office of the
Surgeon General.

2Immediate publication secured by full payment of page charges—Editor.

452 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

FEMALE.—Wing, 2.46 mm. Proboscis, 1.15 mm. Fore femur, 1.88 mm.
Abdomen: About 1.5 mm. Small to medium in size; brown with silvery-white
markings on head, thorax and abdomen.

Head: A broad patch of flat silvery scales on vertex, extending cephalad
between the eyes (thus separating the eyes) and slightly broadening out before
terminating at the frons: similar silvery patch on side of head below eyes.
Remainder of head covered with broad, decumbent, brown scales, with metallic-
green lustre from certain angles. Erect scales absent. Interocular and ocular
setae present. Clypeus narrow, about 2.5 x as long as broad; pale yellow in
colour, with silvery sheen. Maxillary palpus small and composed of two segments;
about the same length and colour as the clypeus. Proboscis hairy, with a joint
at about two-thirds from base, with apical one-third swollen. Basal two-thirds
pale cream or yellow in colour, with two rows of long setae pointed forward
and upwards. Apical one-third brown to dark brown in colour, with many
setae; inserted at the tip of the labium are two pairs of long setae curved
upwards at the tip; the ventral pair slightly longer than dorsal pair. Pedicel
(torus) of antenna with gold-brown integument; two to three minute setae
present on the inner side. Flagellum of antenna pilose; approximately 1.25
mm long.

Thorax: Integument brown. Scutum covered with narrow, curved, light brown
scales, without a median line of broad, flat, silvery scales. Acrostichal and
dorsocentral setae absent. Scutal fossal, supra-alar and prescutellar setae present.
Scutellum trilobed, with a large median and two smaller lateral lobes, each
covered with a patch of broad, flat scales. Most of the scales on the scutellum
are brown coloured, rarely a few pale scales may be present in the midline.
Setae arising in three groups. Mesopostnotum bare, integument brown. All
scales on pleurae are flat, rounded and silvery. Antepronotal lobes well-developed,
but not meeting each other at midline behind head; dorsal aspect covered with
silvery scales; row of long setae on anterior side. Postpronotum covered with
similar scales, except for the narrow posterior, basal aspect, which is bare;
single seta present on posterior border. Single prespiracular seta present. Post
spiracular setae absent. Propleuron and upper part of postprocoxal membrane
covered with silvery scales. Paratergite bare. A large patch of silvery scales
present involving the lower part of postspiracular, entire subspiracular area,
immediately adjacent upper posterior half of mesepisternum and anterior third
of mesepimeron. Upper mesepimeron with group of 6-8 setae on posterior margin.
Setae absent on following sclerites: prealar, mesepisternum, mesomeron and
metepisternum. Base of mesomeron slightly higher than base of hind coxa.

Leg: Integument brown, except for trochanter and part of coxae which are
pale. All three legs are uniformly covered with small brown scales; except
for the coxae which has silvery white scales on the anterior side. Fore femur
much longer than proboscis. Mid and hind femur slightly smaller than the fore
femur. Unguis (claws) of all legs simple and equal, that of hind legs slightly
smaller than the other two.

Wing: Brown scaled. Squame scales brown and closely covering wing veins.
Cell R2 about two and one half times the length of its stem. Anal vein ending
about level of fork of Cu. Alula with 2-3 narrow scales. Upper calypter
bare.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 453

Halter: Base and pedicel light coloured; capitellum covered with dark
brown scales.

Abdomen: The terga are covered with rounded dark brown scales, with
patches of silvery scales laterally. Terga I and II with lateral silvery patches
covering the entire side. Tergum III entirely dark scaled, no lateral silvery
patch. Tergum IV with large, lateral silvery patch except for the basal band
of dark scales. Tergum V with lateral silvery patch less than half of the segment.
The lateral silvery patch becomes progressively smaller in terga VI and VII.
Sterna II and III with silvery scales. Sternum IV with narrow basal band of
brown scales; rest of stemum covered with silvery scales. Sterna V and VI
with basal half covered with brown scales and apical half with silvery scales.
Stemum VII mostly covered with brown scales, except for apical band of
silvery scales.

MALE.—Wing, 2.4 mm. Proboscis, 1.1 mm. Palpi, 0.17 mm. Fore femur,
1.85 mm. Resembles the female except for the male genitalia and the absence
of pale scales in the central patch of the scutellum. Head: Maxillary palpus
about the same length as in the female; approximately 0.15 the length of the
proboscis. Antenna 1.2 mm long; pilose. Unguis same as in the female.

MALE TERMINALIA (Fig. 1).—As figured. Tergum of segment IX distinctly
lobed; each lobe bearing 7 to 16 large setae. IX sterna membranous. Gonocoxite
broad; basal mesal lobe fairly prominent, bearing 4 to 5 thickened setae and one
slightly less thickened. Gonostylus tapering slightly from base towards apex:
slightly longer than half of gonocoxite; gonostylar claw small and_ blunt.
Paraproct fairly long and slender; tip pointed and slightly curved; apical half
with stronger sclerotization.

PUPA (Fig. 1).—Abdomen, 2.88 mm. Trumpet, 0.28 mm. Paddle, 0.53
mm. Integument of cephalothorax and abdomen pale yellow except for the
dorsal parts of the cephalothorax, segments I to IV and small areas of the
metanotum which are brown. Chaetotaxy as figured; setae light with only
slight pigmentation.

Cephalothorax: Trumpet: Light brown in colour with a sculptured appearance;
slight bulge at the centre. Index about 2.6 to 3.3; pinna about 0.15 of trumpet
length. Setae lightly pigmented and inconspicuous. Seta 1 long and two
branched, 2(2,2-3), 3(2,1-3), 4(3,2-3), 5(2,2-3), 6(1,1-3), 7(1,1-2),
8(1,1-2), 9(2,1-3), 10(2,2-3), 11(1), 12(1,1-2). Abdomen: The more
conspicuous setae in the abdominal segments are the float hair (1) in
segment I; hair 5 in segments V and VI and hair 9 in segments VII and VIII.
Segment I: Float hair with 5(3-7) main branches, each with several secondary
branches; lightly pigmented; slightly longer than half the length of the

segments; 2(1), 3(1), 4(2,1-2), 5(5,4-6), aoe 7(2), 9(1). Segment II:
W(52=5)5 21), 3(), 403;38—);-5( 1), 6(1), 73,13), 9(1), 1101). Segment
Il: 1(2,2-3), 2(1), 3(1,1-2), 4(2,1-2), 5(1), 6(2), 7(2,2-3), 8(2,1-2).
9(1), 10(2,1-3), 11(2,1-2). Segment IV: 1(2,2-3), 2(1), 3(3,2-4), 4(2.2-3).
5(1,1-2), 6(2), 7(2,2-4), 8(2,1-2), 9(1), 10(2), 11(2,2-3). Segment V:
1(2,1-2), 2(1), 3(2,2-3), 4(4,2-6), 5(1), 6(2,1-4), 7(5,2-6), 8(251=3):
9(1), 10(2,2-3), 2(1), 3(2,1-2), 4(2,2-3),

11(2,2-3). SegmentVI: 1(2,1-3), eeo(

5(1), 6(2,1-2), 7(2,1-2), 8(3,3-5), 9(1), 10(2,1-3), 11(2). Segment VII:
1(2), 2(1), 3(2,1-2), 4(2), 5(2,2-4), 6(2,2-4), 7(2), 8(4,3-5), 9(15,13-17),
10(2,2-3), 11(2). Segment VIII: 4(1,1-2), 9(24,22-26). Paddle: Uniformly

454 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

Blcpal

West Malaysia
{

Malaya incomptas

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 455

Malaya incomptas

cs

-/———. 9.5mm ——____4

SR
West Malaysia

Fig. 2

lightly pigmented; midrib inconspicuous; length about 1.6 times breadth;
margin minutely serrated along edges and without fringe. Seta 1 inconspicuous.

LARVA (Fig. 2).—Since the available material are two somewhat damaged,
associated larval skins, only the head and the terminal segments are being
described. Head, 0.69 mm long. Siphon, 0.7 mm. Anal saddle, 0.16 mm.
Chaetotaxy of head and terminal segments as figured. Setae very lightly
pigmented. Stellate setae and spicules absent. Head: width about 1.36 of
length. Integument smooth, pale yellow in colour. Mouth brushes well-developed,
brown in colour. Maxillary horn absent. Mental plate with a prominent middle
tooth with 12 to 13 small regular teeth on either side. Seta 1 single, prominent,
thick and slightly curved, with blunt end; 3(1, minute), 4(1), 5(1,1-2,
inconspicuous, placed well behind setae 4 and 6), 6(1), 7(1), 8(2), 9(3),
10(1), 11(3,2—-4, prominent seta), 12(1,1-2), 13(1-3), 14(1, stout).

Antenna: Length about 0.33 of head. Shaft with very slight narrowing of
width from base to tip. Integument smooth, without spicules; pale yellow in
colour. Seta 1, 2-3 branched, about 0.87 from base, other setae single.

Abdominal Segment VIII: Combscales approximately 25-38, in 3-5 rows;
very lightly pigmented; free portion finely fringed and rounded at tip. Setae
1-5 are displaced in the 2 specimens and hence are not included in the drawing
and description. Siphon: Index 5.2 (4.9-5.5). (The siphon index used here
is that of Belkin’s (1962): “Ratio of dorsal length to median width.”) Pale
yellow pigmentation; smooth integument. Pecten extending to 3.9 of siphon;
teeth 3(4—5), in number, pointed towards tip and fringed. Seta 1 of siphon
large; 3 branched; seta 2 flattened, broad at center, hooked at tip; accessory
ventral setae (la-S) as figured, about 11 setae very close to the midventral
line; from 1-3 branched. Accessory subdorsal setae (2a-S) as figured. Three

456 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

setae on either side. Anal segment: Saddle incomplete, same colour as siphon;
spicules present on caudolateral border. Gills as figured, about 3 times the length
of the anal segment, with rounded ends. Seta 1(2-3), 2(2,1-2), 3(1),
4(1-2).

This species is named incomptas as it is the only species of Malaya
in Southeast Asia, whose scutum is unadorned with a conspicuous
median line of silvery scales.

TYPE DATA.—Holotype male (653.100), with slides of associated
pupal skin and genitalia, Limau Kasturi, Kelantan, West Malaysia,
elevation 200 feet above sea level, from leaf axil of Pandanus in
secondary rain forest, 23 April 1967, Samuel Wilson James and
Sulaiman bin Omar (USNM). Allotype female (653.15) with slide
of associated larval and pupal skins, same data as holotype (USNM).
Paratypes: 11 females, 5 males, 1 slide associated larval and pupal
skins, 1 slide associated pupal skin, all from the same collection
(653) as holotype 6 female (one with associated skin 653.12), and
2 male (USNM). Three female (one with associated pupal skin
653.104), 1 male and 1 slide male genitalia (BM). Two female, 2
male and 1 slide male genitalia (Ramalingam).

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—12 female, 6 male, 4 associated skins
and 3 male genitalia slides from type collection (653).

TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION.—Adults: Malaya incomptas can be
easily recognised from the five other species of Malaya from Southeast
Asia and the Australasian region, by the absence of a median line of
flat, round, silvery scales on the scutum. This line is very distinct
in the other species, including the two species (genurostris and
jacobsoni) occurring in Malaysia. In addition, the mid lobe of the
scutellum in incomptas is covered with dark scales, rarely with a
few pale scales; instead of a conspicuous, large patch of silvery scales
in both genurostris and jacobsoni. The eyes of both incomptas and
genurostris are separated by a line of silvery scales. This line broadens
out below the eyes of incomptas and ends abruptly in genurostris.
Adults of incomptas can be separated from jacobsoni by several
characters: (a) Malaya jacobsoni is slightly larger and darker than
incomptas. (b) The eyes are not separated by a silver line of scales
in jacobsoni as they are in incomptas. (c) The patches of silvery
scales on the head and thorax of jacobsoni have a blue-green tint,
whereas they are silvery-white in incomptas. (d) The clypeus and
basal part of the proboscis are brown coloured in jacobsoni and pale
yellow or cream coloured in incomptas.

Immature stages: In the pupal stage, the three species found in
West Malaysia can be easily recognised by the examination of seta
6 on abdominal segment VII: In incomptas this seta is weak with
an average of 2 branches and a range of 2 to 4 branches; the branches

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, No. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 457

104°
T
7

WEST MALAYSIA =

103°
ads

Scale: Miles

a:

Langkawi
6 Islands

o

._/ KELANTAN

Penang i
s'|

CHINA SEA |

o)\Kuantan

Port Swettenham

STRAITS
OF

MALACCA

JOHORE

Malaya genurostris

Malaya jacobsoni

Malaya incomptas n. sp.

SINGAPORE
i | —
101 102° 103° 104"

Fig. 3. Distribution of Malaya species within West Malaysia.

arising about half way from the base. In genurostris seta 6—VII is
more stout with an average of 5 branches and a range of 3-5 branches;
the branches arising at the base of the seta. In jacobsoni seta 6-VII
is very stout and in fact resembles seta 9 on the same segment,
although it is slightly smaller; the average number of branches is

458 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

10 with a range of 8-11 branches. The branches arise from the base
of the seta. No attempt is being made to characterise the larval stages
of the 3 species of Malaya, although a few differences are apparent,
because of the paucity of incomptas larval specimens.

DISTRIBUTION (Fig. 3).—West Malaysia, Kelantan State, Limau
Kasturi. Known only from the type locality, situated in the interior of
W. Malaysia, just east of the central mountain ridge.

BIOLOGY.—Only one collection was made of incomptas from the
rain forest in the state of Kelantan. The locality is accessible only by
the north-south rail link. The breeding site was the leaf axil of
Pandanus plants. The type collection (653) includes immature instars
collected from several axils of Pandanus. Other mosquitoes identified
from this collection are Aedes (Finlaya) poicillius, Aedes (Stegomyia )
albopictus and Topomyia gracilis. Nothing is known as yet about the
interesting association between the adults of incomptas and Cremato-
gaster ants, as observed in other species of Malaya. The probability
of some such association is suggested by the proboscis of incomptas,
which is typical of Malaya.

DISTRIBUTION OF MALAYA IN WEST MALAYSIA.—The
first species of Malaya reported from West Malaysia was Malaya
genurostris Leicester, 1908. This species was described from a single
male collected at the edge of the rain forest, probably on the outskirts
of Kuala Lumpur. Macdonald (1957) gives another locality within
Selangor State, where genurostris was collected and mentions that it
is probably quite widespread within West Malaysia. During our
survey, 77 collections of genurostris were obtained from almost every
state in West Malaysia. The collection sites are indicated on Fig. 3.
Malaya genurostris has previously been known to occur in many
other countries in the Oriental and Australasian regions.

Malaya jacobsoni was described by Edwards in 1930, from the
island of Sumatra in Indonesia. It is also known to occur in India,
Thailand and Taiwan (Stone, Knight et al. 1957). Macdonald (1960)
reported this species as occurring in the rain forest in Ulu Gombak,
Selangor State, Malaysia. During this study, 30 collections were made
of jacobsoni in West Malaysia. From fig. 3 it will be seen that
jacobsoni also has a fairly wide distribution in West Malaysia. Malaya
incomptas n. sp. now forms the third species of this genus, from
West Malaysia. It appears to be rare and is known only from the
type locality.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We are grateful to members of the field team, Mr. Sulaiman bin Omar and
Mr. Samuel Wilson James, who made the collections, and to other members
of the Mosquitoes of Malaysia Project who assisted with preparation of the
material and in various other ways. We wish to thank Dr. Botha de Meillon,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 459

Southeast Asia Mosquito Project, and Dr. P. F. Mattingly, British Museum,
for reading the manuscript and for their helpful comments.

REFERENCES

BELKIN, J. N. 1962. The mosquitoes of the South Pacific (Diptera, Culicidae ).
2 vols. 608 and 412 pp., illus. University of California Press.

EDWARDS, F. W. 1930. Mosquito Notes—IX. Bull. Ent. Res. 21:287-306.

KNIGHT, K. L. and J. L. LAFFOON. 1970-1971. A mosquito taxonomic
glossary. Parts I-VII. Mosq. Syst. Newsletter Vol. 2-3.

LEICESTER, G. F. 1908. The Culicidae of Malaya. Stud. Inst. Med. Res.
F.M.S. 3(3):18-261.

MACDONALD, W. W. 1957. An Interim Review of the non-anopheline
mosquitoes of Malaya. Malaysian Parasites XVI. Stud. Inst. Med. Res.
Malaya 28:1-34.

and R. TRAUB. 1960. An introduction to the ecology of the
mosquitoes of the lowland dipterocarp forest of Selangor, Malaya. Malaysian
Parasites XXXVIII. Stud. Inst. Med. Res. Malaya 29:79-109.

MEIJJERE, J. C. H. DE. 1909. Drei Myrmecophile Dipteren aus Java. Tijdschr.
Ent. 52:165-175.

STONE, A., K. L. KNIGHT and H. STARCKE. 1959. A synoptic catalogue
of the mosquitoes of the world. The Thomas Say Foundation, Ent. Soc. Amer.
Vol. 6. 358 pp.

A NEW SPECIES OF ARMIGERES FROM SABAH, BORNEO
(DiererA: CuLicmAE)? ”

SuivAjt RAMALINGAM, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine,
University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

ABSTRACT—A new species, Armigeres ( Armigeres ) kinabaluensis is described
from Sabah, East Malaysia. The adult female and male, pupa and larva are
described in detail. Illustrations of the male genitalia, pupa and larva are
provided. Armigeres kinabaluensis is a mountain species and breeds mostly
in tree holes, and artificial containers.

During a recent mosquito survey in Sabah, East Malaysia, a new
species of Armigeres was discovered on Mount Kinabalu and Tam-
bunan on the Crocker Range. Reference to this species and a drawing
of the male genitalia was made by Baisas (1935), from a single
specimen sent to him from Mount Kinabalu, at about 4,000 feet
elevation. As the specimen was in poor condition, Baisas did not

‘This work was supported by Research Grant No. DADA-17-69-G-9296 from
the U. S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Office of the
Surgeon General.

2Immediate publication secured by full payment of page charges—Editor.

460 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

name nor describe it. Several collections of this species were obtained
during our survey so that a fairly large series of adults, immature
stages and associated skins are now available for description.

The terminology used in describing the adult and pupal stage is
from a recent series “A Mosquito Taxonomic Glossary” by Knight and
Laffoon (1970-71), except for the larval stage where Balkin’s (1962)
terminology is used. In the description of the immature stages, the
following system is used for seta branching: if only one numeral is
given in parentheses following the seta number, it represents the only
number of branches encountered in the sample; if two sets of figures
are given, the first represents the mean number of branches rounded
out to the nearest whole number and the second, the range encountered
in the sample. The chaetotaxy of the immature stages was determined
from a sample of ten individuals.

Armigeres (Armigeres) kinabaluensis, n. sp.

FEMALE.—Wing, 4.29 mm. Proboscis, 2.39 mm. Fore-femur, 2.47 mm.
Abdomen: 3.97 mm. Large in size.

Head: Eyes nearly meeting above pedicel of antenna. Pale scales of head
white to dingy white; dark scales brown-black in colour with bluish lustre at
certain angles. Narrow band of pale scales along ocular line, broadening
ventrally in postgenal area. Vertex covered with flat, broad, dark scales except
for small central patch of pale scales. Frontal and ocular setae present. Erect
scales all dark and forked, restricted to occiput region of head. Side of head
mostly white scaled with dark scales on posterior aspect. Clypeus with dark
integument; bare. Proboscis long, laterally compressed in apical half, covered
over uniformly by dark scales. Pedicel of antenna with dark integument, covered
with small white scales except for dorsal, outer sector, which is bare. Flagellum
of antenna pilose; approximately 2.41 mm. long.

Thorax: Integument brown to dark brown. Scutum densely covered with
long, narrow, curved, brown-black scales, having metallic lustre. A narrow
border of narrow, curved, white scales extending from anterior promontory and
ending over root of wings. Acrostichal, dorsocentral and scutal fossal setae
absent. One to 4 prescutellar, and a row of supra-alar setae present. Scutellum
covered with small, flat, dark scales, in three distinct lobes, with a few white
scales at the tip of each lobe. Setae arising in three groups. Mesopostnotum
bare, integument light brown. Antepronotal lobes of normal size, covered by
small, white scales on sides and front; top with small, dark scales and row of
setae. Postpronotum with brown, dingy-white scales on lower posterior half;
a few narrow pale scales may be present above these; anterior, dorsal aspect
with narrow, dark scales; row of 4—7 setae along posterior border. Prespiracular
setae absent. Postspiracular area with patch of small white scales. Propleuron
with white scales. Paratergite with a line of white scales. Mesepisternum with
2 large patches of white scales; a row of setae along the posterior border and a
dense group in the prealar region. Mesepimeron with a large patch of white
scales on anterior upper portion; a single lower and a dense patch of upper
mesepimeral setae present. Setae and scales absent on mesomeron and metepi-

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 461

sternum. Base of mesomeron in line with or slightly higher than base of
hindcoxa.

Leg: Fore coxa covered by white scales with a patch of dark scales in
the centre; mid and hind coxae with a patch of white scales on anterior side.
Trochanter of all legs with pale scales. Fore and mid femur with a band of
white scales on ventral side to knee; hind femur with band of white scales
on outer aspect, narrows towards knee. Rest of legs covered with dark scales.
Unguis of fore leg equal, each with a tooth; unguis of mid and hind legs
smaller than that of fore leg, equal and without a tooth.

Wing: Dark Scaled. Cell R2 about 114 times the length of its stem. Anal
vein ending beyond fork of Cu. Alula and upper calypter with a row of hair
like scales.

Haltere: Capitellum dark, rest light in colour.

Abdomen: Terga I to VII dark scaled on dorsal aspect with patches of
white scales laterally; tergum VIII dark scaled, with a row of pale scales
at the base. Scale pattern on abdominal sterna variable. Sternum II: mostly
covered with white scales, but occasionally a few scattered dark scales are
present. Sterna III to V: all white scaled (42%); or white scaled with two
small to medium lateral patches of dark scales in the middle of the sternite
(50%); or very occasionally with a central dark band (8%). Sternum VI:
mostly white scales; occasionally a few scattered dark scales are present among
the white scales and very occasionally an apical or subapical band of dark scales
are present. Sternum VII: mostly dark scales with an apical or subapical band
of pale scales (50%), speckled white and black (39%), or all white (11%).

MALE.—Wing, 4.14 mm. Proboscis, 2.42 mm. Palpi, 2.93 mm. Fore
femur, 2.52 mm. Resembles the female except in the following characters:
Head: Palp approximately 1.2 the length of the proboscis. Antenna: 2.06 mm
long; strongly plumose; last two segments much elongated and annulated.
Unguis of fore leg much larger than in female; one much larger than the other,
each with a single tooth. Unguis of mid and hind legs similar to the female.
Abdominal sternum II: mostly dark scaled with few scattered white scales or
entirely white scaled. Sterna III and IV dark scaled with narrow, basal and
apical bands of white scales. Sternum V: as in previous sternum; though
occasionally the basal or apical white bands may be broad. Sternum VI:
mostly white scaled with narrow basal and apical dark bands. Sternum VII:
mostly dark scaled, though a few apical white scales may occasionally be
present.

MALE TERMINALIA (Fig. 1)—As figured. Tergum IX deeply bifurcated
by broad V-shaped suture; each lobe bearing a patch of fine hairs. Sternum
IX: large and membranous, with narrow lateral and basal sclerotized bands;
median patch of about 4 fine setae. Gonocoxites fairly long; well separated
from each other sternally; lateral and ventral aspects with long setae and
scales; dorsal aspect with short, fine setae. Basal mesal lobe with two stout
and one narrower setae on prominent bases, setae directed upwards and towards
gonocoxite. Gonostylus about 7% the length of the gonocoxite, not reaching
basal mesal setae, outer margin convex, with 1-2 small preapical setae; comb
of 18( 14-21) spiniforms on inner apical aspect; the apical spiniforms very slightly
larger than the basal ones; individual spiniforms flat, with bluntly rounded
apices. Phallosome-aedeagus complex, ventrally with 2 to 4 basal teeth, occupying

462 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

Figs 4

Armigeres (A.) kinabaluensis

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 463

basal two-thirds, apical portion swollen with 7-9 long curved teeth pointing
dorsally on each side. Paraproct well developed.

PUPA (Fig. 1)—Abdomen, 5.1 mm. Trumpet, 0.58 mm. Paddle, 1.0 mm.
Integument yellow to light brown pigmentation. Chaetotaxy as figured; setae
light to dark brown. Prominent setae marked with an asterisk (*). Cephalo-
thorax: yellow to light brown pigmentation. Trumpet: slightly darker pigmen-
tation; length 0.58 mm. Seta 1*(1), 2(4,2-5), 3*(2,2-3), 4(4,3-5), 5(4,3-6),
6*(1,1-2), 7(2,1-2), 8(5,3-7), 9(3,2-5), 10(6,4-8), 11*(1), 12(3,2-5).
Abdomen: first four abdominal segments and mesonotum light brown in colour,
remaining abdominal segments yellow. Segment I: Seta 1 large, slightly longer
than length of segment, with 3 to 11 main branches. Seta 2*(1), 3*(1),
4(7,4-10), 5(2,1-3), 6(3,2-7), 7(3,2-6), 9(1,1-2). Segment II: Seta
Gl os0—22))- wan) wom Gl) 4515-9), op 224) 16(3.2-5)s 7 Aeon Sie)
Segment III: Seta 1(3,2-4), 2(1), hii A4(4,1-4), 5(3,2-5), 6(3,2-4),
7(3,2-5), 8(3,2-5), 9(1), 10(3,2-4), 11(1,1-2). Segment IV: Seta 1(4,2-6),
ZG)esos (ls A(42=7)5" o(3:2—-4), G6(32-4), 7(3:2-5)) 83:2) 9s)
10(2,2-3), 11(1,1- 2s Segment V: Seta 1(3,2-5), 2(1), 3*(1,1-2), 4(4,2-5),
5(4,2-6), 6(3,2-4), 7(4,4-7), 8(3,2-4), 9(1), 10(2,2-3), 11(1,1-2). Segment
VE ‘Sem 1(2.1-4), 2(1), 3(2,9-4), 4(9.2-4), 5(3.2-4), 6*(1), 7(92°53),
8(3,2—4), 9(1), 10(1,1-2), 11(2,1-2). Segment VII: Seta 1(2,1-3), 2(1),
3(3,2-3), 4(2,2-3), 5(2,1-4), 6(3,2-6), 7(2,1-3), 8(3,2-5), 9*(3,1-5),
10(2,1—3), 11(1,1—2). Segment VIII: Seta 4(3,2-3), 9*(7,5-9). Paddle:
lightly pigmented, with strong midrib and long fringe. Hair 1 single, conspicuous.
Male genital lobe extending to about 0.59 of paddle, female genital lobe to 0.3.

LARVA (Fig. 2).—Head, 0.87 mm. Siphon, 0.96 mm. Anal saddle, 0.33
mm. Chaetotaxy as figured, setae lightly to moderately pigmented. Stellate
setae and spicules absent. Integument smooth. Prominent setae marked with an
asterisk (*).

Head: Width about 1.07 of length. Ocular bulge not prominent; collar
well marked. Pigmentation yellow-brown in colour except areas around mouth
and collar which are slightly darker. Integument smooth. Mental plate with a
strong median trilobed tooth and with 5(4-6) well developed teeth on each
side. Seta 1(1, small tapering and curved inwards), 4(5,3-8), 5(3,2-4), 6(1),
setae 4, 5 and 6 are well forward on the head, 7*(3,2-3), 8(2,1-3), 9*(3,2-3),
10(1,1-2), 11(2,1-3), 12(3,2-5), 14(2,1-3), 15(2,1-3), 16(1,1-2).

Antenna: Length about 0.28 of head. Shaft about same breadth from base
of apex. Integument smooth; yellow in colour. All setae single. Seta 1 at
0.49 from base.

Thorax: Long and prominent setae with barbs. Setae 9, 10, 11 and 12
arising from common tubercle. Prothorax: Seta 0(5,3-6), 1*(2,2-3), 2(1,1-2),
S23) 1 443=6)2 5*(62—-4), 6*(2,1-3), 7*(5,3-8);, 8*(3;2=5), 932-4);
1O* (GD), Th(2,9=3)5 12*(1). Mesothorax: Seta 1(2;2—3), 2(1,1—2), 3*(1,1-2);
AoC) on 3-5). Gt (ao—71), 7*(1,1-2), 8*(8i6—-12), 9*(64=8), 10* (1),
12*(4,2-4), 13(5,4-7). Metathorax: Seta ee AN) (2513) 305 3—9))e
4(2,1-3), 5(1), 6(1), 7*(8,7-11), 8(5,3-6), 9*(5,4-6), 10*(4,2-5), 12*(2,1-3),
13(3,3-5).

Abdomen: Segment I: Seta 1(6,4-7), 2(1,1-3), 3(5,3-7)
5(3,2-5), 6*(9,6-11), 7*(3,2-3), 9(2,1-3), 10(3,2-5), 11(3,2-5), 13(
Segment II: Seta 1(4,3-5), 2(1,1-3), 3(5,3-7), 4(5,4-6), 5(2,2-3), 6*(6,4—

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74,

NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

Sabah

East Malaysia

| | \

ee

Armigeres (A.) kinabaluensis

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 465

iE

Segment VI: 1*(2,1-3), 2(1), 3(3,1-5), 4(4,2+7), 5(4,2-6), 6(
GEA S (21S) COULD): Libs Tye (S083), I(3O=4)6 1321
Segment VII: Seta 1*(4,2-5), 2(1), 3*(2,2-3), 4(4,3-4), 5(4,3-5), 6(6,4-7),
7(3), 8(8,5-12), 9(5,3-7), geen Mies, MEBs), SY 3} ye
Segment) VIIN- Seta 1(6,5—10), 2(2,2=4), 3*(7,5-9), 4(2,1-3), 5*(1). Comb
scales 12(8-20) in one to three irregular rows; lightly pigmented and _ slipper
shaped; fringe present on apical half. Siphon: short and stumpy; index 2.2
(1.7 to 2.5); pigmentation brown; pecten teeth absent; seta 1(2,1-2), arising
about 0.26 from apical end of siphon), 2(1), 6(1), 7(1), 8(3,1-5), 9(1), 13(1).
Anal Segment: Saddle: incomplete, only dorsal plate present; brown pigmented.
Gills long, with rounded apices, ventral pair slightly longer than dorsal pair.
Seta 1(4,2-5), 2*(4,3-5), 3*(3), 4a*(4,3-4), 4b*(4,3-5), 4c*(5,3-7),
4d* ( 4,3-7 ), 4e*(3,3-6).

TYPE DATA.—Holotype male (S-1194.17), with slides of associated
larval and pupal skins and genitalia, Mount Kinabalu, Sabah (North
Borneo), East Malaysia, elevation 7,500 feet above sea level, from
hole in fallen tree, in cloud forest, 6 June 1970, Samuel Wilson James
(USNM). Allotype female (S-1194.32) with slide of associated larval
and pupal skins, same data as holotype (USNM). Paratypes: 12
male, 19 female, 17 slides of associated larval and pupal skins, 8
slides whole larvae, all from the same collection (S-1194) as holotype.
Four male, 2 with slides of associated skins (S-1194.11 and .22), 2
slides male genitalia; 8 female, 5 with slides of associated skins
(S-1194.16, .18, .20, .23 and .24) and 3 whole larvae (USNM). Three
males, 2 with slides of associated skins (S-1194.14 and .26), 1 slide
male genitalia; 4 female, 2 with slides of associated skins (S-1194.21
and .30) and 2 whole larvae (BM). Five males, 3 with slides of
associated skins (S-1194.13, .15 and .28), 2 slides of male genitalia;
7 females, 3 with slides of associated skins (S-1194.10, .25 and .27),
and 3 whole larvae (Ramalingam).

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—Total 225: 40 males, 61 females, 49
larvae; 59 individual larval rearings and 16 male genitalia slide
preparations.

TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION.—The female of kinabaluensis can be
distinguished from all other species of Armigeres (Armigeres) by a
combination of the following characters: clypeus bare; mesonotum
with a narrow border of pale scales and without distinct golden lines;
presence of a single lower mesepimeral seta; fore coxae white scaled

ie)

(32-4) 822-4). O( 11-9), 10(30=4)) 1139-4), 1949-5), 19(4,3=6).
Segment III: Seta 1*(2,1-4), 2(1,1-2), 3(2,2-3), 4(4,3-5), 5(3,1-4),
6*(2,2-3), 7(4,2-4), 8(2,1-3), 9(1), 10(3,2-4), 11(2,2-3), 12(2,2-3), 13*(2).
Segment IV: Seta 1*(2,2-3), 2(1,1-2), 3(2,2-3), 4(3,2-5), 5(3,2-5), 6*(2,1-2),
Mae Sls 3)s (O(1)s, 10(3.2-4). 9 Mn(3-3) 12(21-3)) 13*(2,.9=3).
Segment V: 1*(2,1-3), 2(1,1-2), 3(5,4-6), 4(4,3-4), 5(3,2-5), 6*(2,1-5),
7(4,2-5), 8(1,1-2), 9(1), 10(3,2-4), 11*(1,1-2), 12(2,2-4), 13*(2,2-4).
5,3-6)

)

)

466 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

with a dark patch in centre; hind femur with line of white scales on
outer side, narrowing towards knee; sternite III-V all white scaled
(42%) or with small, median, lateral patches of dark scales (50%),
very occasionally with central dark band (8%); sternite VI mostly
white scaled or with narrow line of apical or subapical dark scales;
sternite VII dark scaled with apical or subapical white band (50%),
speckled white and black (39%) or all white (11%). The male can
be easily recognised by the very distinctive phallosome, the apical
outer margin of which bears 7 to 9 long curved teeth on each side.
There is an extensive range of variation in the colour pattern of the
abdominal sterna, unlike that seen in other species of this subgenus.
However, there is little doubt that this is a single species, as the whole
range of variations, with intermediates, can be often seen within the
same collection, without any corresponding changes in the male
genitalia or in the immature stages.

A continuous narrow line of white scales around the mesonotum
of kinabaluensis, associates it closely with subalbatus, joloensis, con-
fusus and giveni. Armigeres subalbatus and joloensis have their ab-
dominal sterna II to VI with white and black bands and resemble
those specimens of kinabaluensis that occur at the end of the range of
variations of abdominal sterna, where black and white bands are also
present. However, the black bands in kinabaluensis occur in the
center of the abdominal sterna and are flanked on both sides with
white bands; whereas in subalbatus and joloensis they are apical in
position. On the other end of the range of variations of abdominal
markings in kinabaluensis, sterna II to VI may appear all white, in
which case there is a close resemblance to confusus and_ giveni.
Sternum VII in confusus and giveni is always fully dark scaled, whereas
in kinabaluensis, sternum VII is either with a mixture of dark and white
scales or dark scaled with an apical or subapical white band, but never
fully dark scaled. Furthermore, the white line of scales on the outer
aspect of the hind femora narrows towards the tip in kinabaluensis,
but continues as a broad line to the knee in confusus and giveni.

DISTRIBUTION.—Sabah, EAST MALAYSIA: Collected from only
two localities, Mount Kinabalu and Tambunan, both on the Crocker
Range, and approximately 30 to 40 miles distant from each other.
Not known elsewhere.

BIOLOGY.—Armigeres kinabaluensis appears to be restricted to
higher elevations and all collections of this species were made in the
cloud forest at elevation ranging from 3,900 to 7,500 feet. Nineteen
collections of the immature stages were made, the majority (13) of
these being from tree holes, a few (5) from artificial containers and
a single collection from the pitcher plant Nepenthes lowii. Nothing is
known of the adult biology.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 467

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I am grateful to members of the field team, Mr. Samuel Wilson James, Mr.
Sulaiman bin Omar and Mr. Chia Yiew Wang, who made the collections in
Sabah; and in acknowledging the assistance and cooperation extended to our
field team by Mr. Rajapaksa, Medical Entomologist and by other members of
the Medical and Health Department of Sabah. I also wish to thank Dr. Botha
de Meillon Southeast Asia Mosquito Project, USNM, Washington, for reading
the manuscript.

REFERENCES

BAISAS, F. C. 1935. Notes on Philippine mosquitoes. I. The Armigeres group.
Philipp. J. Sci. 56: 485-497.

BELKIN, J. N. 1962. The mosquitoes of the South Pacific (Diptera: Culicidae).
2 vols., 606 and 412 pp., illus. University of California Press.

KNIGHT, K. L. and J. L. LAFFOON. 1970-1971. A mosquito Taxonomic
Glossary. Parts I-VII. Mosq. Syst. Newsletter Vol. 2 & 3.

TWO PESTS OF BEANS FROM TROPICAL AMERICA
(LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE )!

J. F. Gates Ciarke, Department of Entomology,
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. 20560

ABSTRACT—Laspeyresia torostoma, n. sp., which feeds on string bean
stems, is described and illustrated from Costa Rica and compared with L.
fabivora Meyrick.

The two species referred to below are apparently important pests
of beans of several kinds. One has been mentioned in the literature
since 1928, under three names; the other, although known for several
years, needs a name and is described below.

The drawings of the genitalia were made by Mr. George Venable,
and the photographs of the adults were made by Mr. Victor Krantz,
both on the staff of the Smithsonian Institution.

Laspeyresia torostoma, n. sp.
(Figs. 1, 2)

Alar expanse 13-19 mm.
Labial palpus deep olive buff; second segment lightly mottled with gray
blotches. Antenna blackish fuscous. Head mixed olive buff and gray; laterally

‘Immediate publication secured by full payment of page charges—Editor.

468 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

Ib

Fig. 1. Laspeyresia torostoma, n. sp.: a, ventral view of male genitalia with
aedeagus in situ and left harpe omitted; b, ventral view of female genitalia with
detail of bursa copulatrix to left.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 469

light cinnamon buff. Thorax fuscous mixed olive buff posteriorly; tegula with
scattered buff scales. Forewing ground color fuscous; costa marked with a series
of eight metallic gray, oblique bars, their extreme costal edges mixed with pale
buff scales; subapically an outwardly curved row of four metallic spots; two
similar spots apically; basal half of wing with several transverse metallic bars;
pretornally, on dorsal edge, a blackish-fuscous spot; ocelloid patch deep olive
buff shading to buff terminally; ocelloid patch crossed by two metallic bars;
cilia fuscous at apex, gray along termen and buff around tornal edge. Hindwing
buff basally shading to fuscous outwardly; cilia grayish apically, shading to buff
at anal angle, with grayish fuscous subterminal line. Foreleg deep olive buff
shaded with fuscous on outer side; midleg similar; hindleg buff shaded with
deep olive buff; tarsal segments annulated grayish fuscous. Abdomen fuscous
dorsally, buff ventrally.

Male genitalia slides DRD 1899; USNM 24092, 24093. Harpe slightly longer
than tegumen and vinculum combined; cucullus oval clothed with strong setae
on inner surface, particularly toward ventral margin; neck incurvation shallow.
Gnathos a sclerotized band broadened ventromedially. Socii closely appressed
papillae. Vinculum rounded. Tegumen arched, about three quarters the length
of harpe. Anellus diamond-shaped with dorsal arm articulating with aedeagus.
Aedeagus straight, long, narrowed distally; vesica armed with a cluster of slender
cornuti.

Female genitalia slides DRD 1900, 1906; USNM 24094. Ostium small, round;
ventral lip strongly sclerotized; lamella antevaginalis a large sclerotized blotch;
lamella postvaginalis elongate, Y-shaped, lightly sclerotized. Antrum elongate,
slender, strongly sclerotized. Inception of ductus seminalis ventrally from anterior
end of ductus bursae. Ductus bursae with a sclerotized patch about middle.
Bursa copulatrix very finely spiculate. Signa slender, sharp, thornlike, with broad
sclerotized bases.

Holotype: USNM No. 71100.

Type locality: Costa Rica, Turrialba (8.11.65, L. Bonnefil)

Distribution: Costa Rica.

Food plant: String beans (stems).

Described from the holotype female, 5é¢ and 422 paratypes,
same data as holotype; 14, 12 paratypes, Costa Rica, La Garita,
Alahuela, 30.X.56, Alvaro Cordero (57-983).

Because both of the species included in this paper feed in beans,
they might easily be confused in the field so the adults are figured
for comparison. Of the two fabivora averages a little larger than
torostoma, some specimens attaining as much as 24 mm. Moreover,
fabivora has a paler ground color to the forewing and a light colored
gray, yellowish or orange apical spot, lacking in torostoma. In
addition, the base of the hindwing of torostoma is light colored, that
of fabivora wholly dark. In male genitalia the incurvation of harpe
is shallow and the aedeagus is straight in torostoma but in fabivora
the incurvation is deep and the aedeagus is bent. The female genitalia
of torostoma have a well sclerotized antrum and a sclerotized Y-shaped
lamella postvaginalis; in fabivora the antrum is not sclerotized and

470 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

3

Fig. 2. Laspeyresia torostoma, n. sp., holotype female, Costa Rica, Turrialba,
L. Bonnefil. Fig. 3. L. fabivora Mayrick, paratype female, Peru, Camnete, E. J.
Hambleton.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 A471

the lamella postvaginalis consists of two elongate, sclerotized divergent
areas.

Laspeyresia fabivora Meyrick

(Figs 3)
Laspeyresia fabivora Meyrick, 1928. Exotic Microlepidoptera 3:449.
Eulia prosecta Meyrick, 1932. Exotic Microlepidoptera 4:259. NEW SYNONYM.

Laspeyresia leguminis Heinrich, 1943. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 45(3):71, pl. 4,
figs. 1-5.

Types: British Museum (Natural History) (fabivora); Naturhis-
torisches Museum, Vienna (prosecta); U. S. National Museum of
Natural History (leguminis ).

Type localities: Colombia, Honda (fabivora); Costa Rica, Orosi,
5000 feet (prosecta); Peru, “Foa” (leguminis).

Distribution: With the addition of prosecta to the synonymy the
distribution of this pest is now Costa Rica, Colombia, E] Salvador,
Mexico, Panama, and Peru.

Food plants: Lima beans, string beans, soybeans.

In 1958 (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 60(4):187) I reported the identity
of leguminis with fabivora. Since then I have had the opportunity
to examine the type of prosecta, through the courtesy of Dr. F. Kasy,
Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, and there is no doubt about the
present synonymy. Obviously widespread in tropical America, this
species will probably be found wherever beans are grown com-
mercially.

PHYTOLIRIOMYZA MONTANA FRICK, NEW SYNONYM OF
P. ARCTICA (LUNDBECK)

(DrerEerA: AGROMYZIDAE )

Phytoliriomyza artica (Lundbeck), 1901, Naturhist. For. Kjgbenhavn, Vidensk.
Meddel. 1900 (= ser. 6, 2): 304 (Agromyza); Spender, 1969, Mem. Ent. Soc.
Canada 64:202. P. montana Frick, 1953, Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc. 15:213.
NEW SYNONYM.

The male postabdomens of several specimens of P. montana from Hawaii,
including a paratype from Hawaii National Park, 3 March 1946, were compared
with that of a specimen from Elk Point, South Dakota, and the figures given by
Spencer. Although the Hawaiian specimens are smaller, the postabdomens agree
very well, and the names must be considered synonymous.

GrorGcE C. STEYSKAL, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research
Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, c/o U. S. National Museum, Washington,
D. C. 20560.

472 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

A SYNONYMY IN WESTERN PINE-DWELLING LEPTOTHRIPS SPECIES

(THYSANOPTERA: PHLAEOTHRIPIDAE )

Leptothrips species are slender-legged, usually purplish black phaeothripids
that are thought to be predatory on smaller, plant-feeding arthropods. Various
species show some preference for the plants that they inhabit, which may be
either for the plant species itself or for host-specific prey on the plant. My
studies of western species for investigators of pine fauna convinced me _ that
Leptothrips oribates Hood (1938, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 33(5):205) and L.
oregonensis Hood (op. cit.:213)are indistinguishable. As first reviser I synonymize
oregonensis (NEW SYNONYMY). Specimens I have identified by that name
should now be known as oribates. L. oribates occurs in Oregon, Idaho, Colorado,
New Mexico, and Arizona, usually on Pinus species, although the 3 type-specimens
of oregonus were found on Ribes cereum and a tree stump. The chief distinction
of oribates is its pointed postocular and abdominal setae. It may be distinguished
from other species with pointed setae by having antennal segment IV usually
with 4 normal and no small sense cones; eyes about equally long dorsally and
ventrally, depending on the tilt of the head; pronotum weakly and incompletely
transversely striate; and clear forewing with cilia uniformly colored and about 7
accessory cilia near the posterior distal margin. I thank J. W. Dale, College of
Forestry, University of Idaho, Moscow, for specimens retained for the National
Collection from material he collected.

KeLuir O'NerLy, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705.

VESPINA, A NEW NAME TO REPLACE THE GENERIC HOMONYM
CAREOSPINA DAVIS

(LEPIDOPTERA: INCURVARIIDAE )

It has been brought to my attention that the name Careospina Davis, 1972
(type species: Careospina quercivora Davis), which was recently proposed for a
new genus of incurvariid moths (Davis, 1972, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 74:121), is
preoccupied by Careospina Peters, 1971 (type species: Careospina hespera Peters).
The latter was published for a genus of Ephemeroptera from the West Indies
(Peters, 1971, Smithsonian Contr. Zool. no. 62, p.11). I, therefore, propose the
new name Vespina (type species: Careospina quercivora Davis) to replace the
junior homonym Careospina Davis. The etymology of Vespina is similar to its
synonym and refers to the fact that an epiphysis is absent from the foretibia
(Latin ve, meaning without; and Latin spina, meaning spine). Likewise, Vespina
is to be considered feminine in gender.

I wish to thank both Dr. William Peters and Dr. George Edmunds for notifying
me of this oversight.

DonaLtp R. Davis, Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution,
Washington, D. C. 20560.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 A473

COLLECTING HIBERNATING CARABIDAE UNDER SNOW

In North America, the large majority of the species of Carabidae seemingly
hibernate in the adult stage. On January 1, 1972, I collected a good number of
ground beetles at the border of an eutrophic marsh, in Choisy, Vaudreuil County,
Quebec. All specimens were taken under six inches of snow, beneath dead leaves
and grasses; furthermore, they were motionless. The following is a list of the
captures, with the number of specimens of each species: Acupalpus pauperculus
Dejean (1), A. rectangulus Chaudoir (3), Agonum gratiosum Mannerheim (2),
A. lutulentum Leconte (3), A. puncticeps Casey (12), A. propinquum Gemminger
and Harold (1), A. sordens Kirby (4), Badister grandiceps Casey (1), B. notatus
Haldeman (3), Bembidion castor Lindroth (8), B. chalceum Dejean (1), B. con-
cretum Csy (2), B. frontale Leconte (10), B. fortestriatwm Motschoulsky (1),
B. graciliforme Hayward (5), B. muscicola Hayward (1), B. patruele Dejean (4),
B. praticola Lindroth (1), B. quadrimaculatum oppositum Say (2), Bradycellus
atrimedeus Say (6), Chlaenius impunctifrons Say (1), Oodes parallelus Say (2)
and Pterostichus lucublandus Say (2).

ANDRE LAROCHELLE, Bourget College, C.P. 1000, Rigaud, Quebec.

LITERATURE FOR SALE

For sale to the highest bidder, papers or books on Diptera as follows:

Culicidae more than 2,400 items, more than 48,900 pages
Tipulidae more than 700 items, more than 14,800 pages
Psychodidae more than 300 items, more than 4,700 pages
Simuliidae more than 330 items, more than 7,500 pages
Tephritoidea more than 310 items, more than 6,100 pages
Ceratopogonidae more than 280 items, more than 5,100 pages
Pupipara more than 160 items, more than 2,400 pages

Address all inquiries to Alan Stone, 5308 Wriley Rd., Washington, D.C. 20016.

ATA PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

ON THE BIOLOGY OF SOME SCAPHINOTUS AND SPHAERODERUS
(CoLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE )

According to Lindroth (1961, Opuse. Ent., Suppl. 20:1-200), most species of
Cychrini seem to hibernate as larvae, at least in part, except for the species of
Sphaeroderus which seem to hibernate as adults. I studied the immature forms
and mating periods of two species of Scaphinotus and three species of Sphaero-
derus. Every species of Scaphinotus studied apparently hibernates as larva, at
least in part, whereas the species of Sphaeroderus seem to hibernate mostly as
adults, except possibly S. nitidicollis brevoorti Leconte.

Scaphinotus bilobus Say. Immature beetles from Ontario, 15-VII-1930, and
New Hampshire, 20-VII, were seen by Lindroth (loc. cit.). In addition, I saw
other immature beetles from Québec, 16 and 17-VII-1968. These data suggest
larval hibernation.

Scaphinotus viduus Dejean. Immature beetles were taken in Québec, 18-VII-
1969 and 24-IX-1968, which suggest larval and imaginal hibernation.

Sphaeroderus canadensis Chaudoir. Immature beetles from Ontario, 24-IX-1948
and Québec, 25-V-1938, were seen by Lindroth (loc. cit.) and me. Furthermore,
mating pairs from Québec, 2, 3 and 8-V-1970, and 4-VII-1970, have been ob-
served by me. This species seems to normally hibernate in the adult stage.

Sphaeroderus lecontei Dejean. An immature beetle from New Hampshire, 11-
VIII, was seen by Darlington (fide Lindroth), one emerged from pupa 8-IX, and
a mating pair was observed 7-IX. In addition, I found immature beetles from
Ontario, 20-VII-1966, and Québec, 21-VIII-1936, 24-VIII-1964 and 30-IX-1969.
Copula from Québec, 29-IV-1968, 7-V-1970, 11-V-1970, 16-V-1970, 10-IX-1967
and 8-X-1969, was observed by C. Chantal, J. Dubé, J.-P. Laplante, J.-P. Lebel
and me. Apparently larvae and adults are able to hibernate.

Sphaeroderus nitidicollis brevoorti Leconte. Mating pairs from Québec, 20-VII-
1969, 9-VIII-1969 and 28-XI-1969, were observed by C. Chantal, J.-P. Lebel and
me. The hibernation, at least, seems to take place in the larval stage.

AnprRE LAROCHELLE, Collége Bourget, C.P. 1000, Rigaud, Québec.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972 475

CORRECTIONS ON “A MONOGRAPHIC STUDY OF THE SUBFAMILY
TIPHIINAE (HYMENOPTERA-TIPHIIDAE) OF SOUTH AMERICA”

The synonym mentioned below, and several of the other corrections were
indicated to me by Dr. Howard E. Evans of Harvard University shortly after
publication of my recent paper on the South American Tiphiinae (1972, Smith-
sonian Contr. Zool., No. 113).

On page 2 and elsewhere, M. S. Wasbauer’s name has been misspelled.

Since Mallochia is preoccupied in the family Icheumonidae (Viereck, 1912,
Proc. U. S. National Museum 43:591), I propose that the synonym in my paper,
mentioned on pages 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 75, be changed to Mallochessa.

On page 6, the specimen of M. alini from Curitiba, Parana, Brazil, is a paratype.

On page 8, “arches” should be “arched.”

On page 9, the type locality is Sipaliwini not Ripalwini, and the type was
collected by P. H. van Doesburg.

On page 12, the term (RNH) should be inserted at the end of the holotype
designation of T. savanna.

On pages 28 and 42 academae is misspelled.

On page 29, the holotype designation for huallaga, Bassleri should be changed
to Bassler, and (UK) changed to (AMNH).

On page 29, “Anduze” is a man’s name and not a locality and should appear
as (Anduze).

On page 48 and elsewhere, “Nova” Teutonia should be changed to Nova
Teutonia.

On page 65, change “femora (Figure 37)” to “tibiae (Figure 37)

On page 68, under designation of paratype, insert (USNM) after “same data as
holotype.”

Throughout the paper, the words “Sao” should be “Sao” and “Tucuman”
should be “Tucuman.”

Harry W. ALLEN, Collaborator, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural
Research Service, P. O. Box 150, Moorestown, New Jersey 08057.

>

476 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

NEW STATE RECORDS OF AQUATIC INSECTS FROM VIRGINIA

Under the supervision of Paul J. Spangler of the National Museum of Natural
History, Smithsonian Institution, I conducted an aquatic insect survey of a salt
marsh impoundment in Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge. During my sur-
vey, I collected 1 species of Hemiptera and 4 species of Coleoptera not before
recorded from Virginia. These species are as follows: Ranatra australis Hunger-
ford (Hemiptera: Nepidae), Haliplus confluentus Roberts (Coleoptera: Haliplidae),
Hygrotus impressopunctatus Schaller (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae), Notomicrus nanu-
lus (LeConte ) (Coleoptera: Noteridae), and Paracymus nanus (Fall) (Coleoptera:
Hydrophilidae ).

The Virginia record of Hygrotus impressopunctatus Schaller represents a south-
ern extension of its range. Hygrotus impressopunctatus Schaller occurs primarily
in the boreal regions of Europe and North America. In North America it can be
found from New England to Alaska and in Michigan, Ohio, New York, and Penn-
sylvania.

The Virginia record of the remaining 4 species represents northern extensions
of their known ranges. Ranatra australis Hungerford was primarly known to
occur in coastal areas from Texas to Florida and Georgia, and as far north as
Raleigh, North Carolina. Haliplus confluentus Roberts has been reported from
Florida to Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. Paracymus nanus (Fall) has a distribu-
tion similar to that of Haliplus confluentus Roberts, having been reported from
Florida and Georgia.

The discovery of Notomicrus nanulus (LeConte) in Virginia is of particular
interest because its previously known range in the United States was limited to
Louisiana and Florida, and because very little is known about the life history or
behavior of any species of Notomicrus. One female specimen of Notomicrus
nanulus (LeConte) was collected on 2 September 1971 from a mud bottomed
puddle left after the summer drought. The only other adult insect found in the
same pool was the halophilic Trichocorixa verticalis Fieber (Hemiptera: Corixidae).

Jarrett L. Cross, 1905 East West Highway, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 74, NO. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

477

INDEX TO VOLUME 74

(New taxa indicated in italics )

Acaropsella schmidtmanni, 47

Acidiophora, 417; key to spp., 419;
bokama, 421; decora, 421; gecera,
423; konowi, 423; larira, 425; manni,
A425

Acrometopia, key to spp., 302

Aedes (Aedimorphus) gouldi, 357

Aedes (Stegomyia) galloisi, lectotype
designation and notes, 253; tongae,
redescription and notes, 338

Agonophorus, taxonomy, 131

Aphanosara, taxonomy, 315

Aphids, yellow pan collections, 26; host
plants in Los Angeles Arboretum, 95

Aquatic insects, new records for Va.,
476

Armigeres
460

Arocera elongata, authorship, 87

(Armigeres) kinabaluensis,

Bembidion rolandi, biology, 261
Bruchidae, lectotype designations, 24
Buprestis, nomenclature, 343

Calymmaderus newmani, 218
Carabidae, collecting under snow, 473
Careospina, 121; quercivora, 123
Cecidomyiidae, nomenclature, 321
Ceratophyllus lari, distribution, 343
Chariesterini, key to genera, 284
Cheyletus, evaluation of species charac-
ters, 230
Chloropidae, chemical attractants, 443
Colobochyla, nomenclature, 76; inter-
puncta, last instar, 83
Craneiobia —_ lawsonianae,
128
Croesus, key to spp., 172; castaneae,
173; curvarius, 175; latitarsus, 176;
varus, 178
Ctenocephalides felis felis,
distributional notes, 184
Culicoides florenciae, 167

synonymy,

orientalis,

Daidalotarsonemus, key to spp., 89; fos-
sae, 91; jamesbakeri, 93; seitus, 94;

somalatus, 93; tessellatus, 91; van-
devriei, 93; venustus, 94
Diopsidae, eye stalk function, 85
Diploplectron peglowi, nesting habits,
385

Ditrichophora canifrons, habits, 129

Elatobium abietinum, distribution, 379
Euaresta reticulata, nomenclature, 130
Exochus albiceps, rediscovery, 259

Falsogastrallus bibliophagus, 218
Formicidae, subfamilies, 35; key, 42

Gargaphia sanchezi, 59

Gelastocoridae, distributional
193

Gilpinia disa, 22; pindrowi, host plant,
195

Gonodonta bidens miranda, taxonomy,
214

Ground beetles, notes on mating, 274

records,

Hemigymnaspis eugeniae, 316
Hexacladia, 364; key to spp., 365;
blanchardi, 367; hilaris, 367; lepto-
glossi, 369; mexicana, 369; smithii,
370; townsendi, 370
Hoplopleura inexpectans,
media, 332; ismailiae, 334

334; inter-

Ichneumonidae, Neot. types in Trans-
vaal Mus., 310
Inga, nomenclature, 371

Janetiella siskiyou, synonymy, 128

Laspeyresia fabivora, 471; torostoma,
467

Leptothrips, synonymy in pine-dwelling
spp., 472

Leucania adjuta, 141; infatuans, 143;
scirpicola, 147

478 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL

Lovell types of Apoidea, catalog, lecto-
type designations, 10

Malaya, key to pupae, 413; incomptas,
451

Megandrena (Erythrandrena), 61; ment-
zeliae, 64

Milesini, key to genera of Criorhina
group, 264

Mycterothrips, 276; key to spp., 278;
albus, 279; aureus, 279; betulae, 278

Neoborella xanthenes, 9

Neochelacheles messersmithi, 312

Neogalea esula, nomenclature, 260

Neoptilinus, 185; granulatus, 186

Neotephritis, key to spp., 415

Nerthra fuscipes, 309; hungerfordi, 308;
manni, 308; martini, 308; mexicana,
309; spangleri, 306

Nesomylacris, key to Neotr. spp., 197;
asteria, 201; derelicta, 199; reddelli,
204; relica, 198

Odonata in Wyo., S. Dak., Nebr., 1

Olistrophorus, 428; blarinae, 431; cryp-
totae, 428

Omophron, habits, 320

Oribatid mites, effect of desiccation,
406

Ovatus reticulatus, 447

Oxycilla tripla, last instar, 78

Oyarzuna aenea, 216

Paratropidia, key to spp., 266; alex, 269;
bilineata, 268; margarita, 272

Philanthus arizonicus, 397; levini, 398;
michelbacheri, 400; nasalis, 401;
schusteri, 402

Phytoliriomyza arctica, montana, 471

Polistes exclamans, territorial behavior,
148

Psocoptera, Easter Is. records, 327

. 74, No. 4, DECEMBER, 1972

Pterostichus patruelis, femoralis, wing
dimorphism, 329

Robber flies, Arkansas records, 375
Ruckesius, 283; key to spp., 287; kap-
leri, 286; medleri, 284

Salia, nomenclature, 76

Sawflies, nomenclature of Neot. spp.,
258

Scaphinotus, biology, 474

Schendylurus, key to S. Amer. spp., 20;
olivaceus, 19

Sphaeroderus, biology, 474

Stator, West Indies sp., 219; bottimeri,
225; cearanus, 225; chalcodermus,
923; dufaui, 220; rugulosus, 221

Stenaspilatodes, 31; antidiscaria, 33

Suillia, key to Mex. spp., 304; valleyi,
303

Sweetolethaeus, 156; key to spp., 158;
macchiaensis, 158; termiticolus, 162

Tabanidae of Patuxent Wldf. Res. Cent.,
Md., 188; of Pocomoke R. swamps,
Md., 207

Tetraopes
129

Tetrapalpus trinidadensis, 53

Tetreuaresta, key to spp., 404

Thioptera nigrofimbria, last instar, 181

Tiphia (Tiphia) fenestrata, 381

tetrophthalmus, parasitism,

Vespina, new name, 472

Wasps, prey records on spp. from

Greece, 383

Zenoria, taxonomic notes, 433; dozieri,
442: formosa, 436; nigricollis, 439;
peruviana, 441; purpurea, 439

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Information for Contributors

Publication in the Proceedings is reserved for members only. Publication of
papers by non-members may be obtained after acceptance at a cost to the author
of $25.00 per printed page. Regular papers are published in approximately the
order that they are received. Manuscripts should not exceed 30 typewritten pages
including illustrations (approx. 15 printed pages). Excess pages beyond 15 per
article will be charged to the author at the rate of $25.00 per page. Papers of less
cae printed page may be published as space is available at the end of longer
articles.

Manuscripts for publication, proof and other editorial matters should be
addressed to the Editor (for address, see inside front cover of this issue).

Typing—All manuscripts must be typed on bond paper with double-spacing and
ample margins. Carbon copies or copies on paper larger than 814 x 11 inches
are not acceptable. Do not use all capitals for any purpose. Underscore only
where italics are intended in the body of the text, not in headings. Number all
pages consecutively. References to footnotes in the text should be numbered
consecutively and typed on a separate sheet.

First page—The page preceding the text of the manuscript should include (1)
the complete title, (2) the order and family in parentheses, (3) the author’s
name or names, (4) the institution with city, state and zip code or the author's
home city, state and zip code if not affiliated, (5) in the upper left hand
corner, the complete name and address to which proof is to be sent.

Abstract—All manuscripts, including notes of one page or less, must be accom-
panied by an abstract suitable for publication. The abstract must be typed
on a separate sheet following the title page, should be brief (not more than
3% of the original), and written in whole sentences, not telegraphic phrases.

Names and descriptions of organisms—The first mention of a plant or animal
should include the full scientific name with the author of a zoological name
not abbreviated. Descriptions of taxa should be in telegraphic style.

References—Citations in the text of papers longer than one printed page should
be by author and date and should refer to a list of concluding REFERENCES listed
alphabetically. See a recent issue of the Proceedings for style of references.
In shorter articles, references to literature should be included in parentheses
in the text.

Illustrations—No extra charge is made for line drawings or halftones. Authors
must plan their illustrations for reduction to the dimensions of the printed page
and the individual figures must be mounted on suitable board. Proportions of
full-page illustrations should closely approximate 4%46 x 6” (26 x 36 picas); this
usually allows explanatory matter to appear on the same page. On the back of
each illustration should be stated (1) the title of the paper, (2) the author’s
complete name and address, and (3) the number of the illustration such as
“No. 1 (of 3)” etc. Figures should be numbered consecutively. Plates will be
returned only at the author’s request and expense.

Figure legends—Legends should be typewritten double-spaced on _ separate
pages headed ExPLANATION OF FicuREs and placed following REFERENCEs. Do
not attach legends to illustrations.

Proofs and reprints—Proofs and a reprint order will be sent to the authors by the
printer with explicit instructions for their return. All changes in proof (except
printer’s and editorial errors) will be charged to the author.

Page charges—All regular papers will be charged at the rate of $10.00 per printed
page, partial pages proportionately. Immediate publication may be obtained at
the rate of $25.00 per printed page. These charges are in addition to those for
reprints. Member authors who are retired or not affiliated with an institution
may request to have page charges waived. Charges made for immediate pub-
lication or to non-members will not be waived.

Acceptance of papers is based only on their scientific merit without regard to
the author’s financial support.

CONTENTS

(Continued from front cover)

HODGES, R. W.—Taxonomic notes on the Gelechioidea. Part I: The genus
Inga (Lepidoptera )

JALIL, M.—The effect of desiccation on some oribatid mites

KROMBEIN, K. V.—Miscellaneous prey records of solitary wasps. VI. Notes
on some species from Greece (Hymenoptera: Aculeata )

KURCZEWSKI, F. E.—Observations on the nesting behavior of Diploplec-
tron peglowi Krombein (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae )

LANE, J.—The pupae of species of Malaya Leicester from Asia and Aus-
tralasia (Diptera: Culicidae )

LAROCHELLE, A.—Collecting hibernating Carabidae under snow

LAROCHELLE, A.—On the biology of some Scaphonotus and Sphaeroderus
(Coleoptera: Carabidae )

McDANIEL, B. and J. O. WHITAKER, Jr.—A new genus and two new
species of listrophorid fur mites from North American shrews ( Acarina:
Listrophoridae )

O'NEILL, K.—A synonymy in western pine-dwelling Leptothrips species
(Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae )

RAMALINGAM, S.—A new species of Armigeres from Sabah, Borneo
(Diptera: Culicidae )

RAMALINGAM, S. and A. G. PILLAI—A new species of oe from West
Malaysia (Diptera: Culicidae )

REINERT, J. F.—Aedes gouldi, a new species of the subgenus Aedimorphus
Theobald from West Pakistan (Diptera: Culicidae )

SCARBROUGH, A. G.—Records of robber flies from northeastern Arkansas
(Diptera: Asilidae )

SMITH, D. R.—The South American sawfly genus Acidiophora Konow
(Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae )

STEYSKAL, G. C.—A preliminary key to the species of the Neotropical
genus Tetreuaresta Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae )

STEYSKAL, G. C.—A preliminary key to the species of Neotephritis Hendel
(Diptera: Tephritidae )

STEYSKAL, G. C.—Phytoliriomyza montana Frick, new synonym of P.
arctica (Lundbeck) (Diptera: Agromyzidae )

NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS
LITERATURE FOR SALE .-
INDEX AND TABLE OF CONTENTS TO VOLUME 74

we MK + ii A
WN Nad ee

‘ ey of i ‘ 5
ALMA DU a aan a
Dad vi Ny i oy wi VF Np

oe
OM :

i i i,

a

Dae

ra

. a he ie at Hr rida “i
Cig wef ue — a Hs pny:

\ as 7% m enn } p 0s aa
: : ; vy rare in ” " = et | he a =r me ; , ta -

ek ‘ Omnlinnge Pe ie bt Dai ' 4 a 7, uae i Bos

i ui i : ! : i
BARR WANN KF Miah i 01 id Si, tot vee

= hoe ey dy Ty eat) ery io we ie aa q

i me i i 7 i f : i ’
ii a a Oke Bs i, Se ean ny roe! _ :
ih = , * My ry : ined » ey, _ ‘, i 1 ‘ eit
i ty F 1 { r ee ft 7 fi _ i 7 i 1 a a
eG eRe eel MO Syne lc lS m ee ae
pe) een, on rode Fil fee Ory i i at ;
a bt ry ip i 4 Ky ony: i 4 ws f ; Lia : mi : ue r
nt : at i a : ent a yen
vy 7 "pe : : | f Dae i
inh ate, ; ; i i , sina ny |
mit / Uli i ; yon f
: 7 - y 1 i i ia it
1 7 1 Y i - : 1 t I
i! ; i ea r ‘ ! ;
: | r Tei Sine by
} q : : 5 i ve i 7 : i, - P oh} i ai
if ; ea i
' I i i Ta
77 haley
7 hi i J val Ny f ner
‘ ah ee ah yaa ein - y ai ad iy a,
i} aii : i i ria i : Fi : i :
’ : I i lan 7 4 vat i : i aoe Le : Trias Ver
i , iia : a 1 a
ti oe a | x ie i
: n a y if u ao 1! oy
i Mi one j
in ny i m7 i
ri ; at Al
JL ; i,
i i mi ie a
a i i i /
0 i ‘ : nee oe
my ali
y , i
1 Sg AR le lea nan a .
| ; 1 tt fe wills i”
ik be , i
s)) i fF i a
iv 1
H
Hit
i conte
th
{
i
4
ah
. i!
j ‘ ; ri ;
' !
if
i
- i)
ie
/ i r
al inn
a j
ca MAGS,
ra
i
aay
i ay
a f ( : Dee a
ra! fi gem.

Ti ‘ult ¥
a) 3 Dat
ay mo
; att iy

Ad Ae A hae
- pin (3 ie Ae | Me f| Vi
eo, oe ee 7 te ee eB

| Sa as

BT Same haat) asia LNCAP Mpeee NS m Niwosne
= w = w }
ARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILMIILSNI_ NVINOSHLINS Saluvudg 17
= z A = Y, < a y |
NN = = Ne o LY, z= o |
SA a ae oe j |
N SE E Wo Zz. 7 & z. |
BN. 2 = >» = = = |
MILSNI_NVINOSHLINS S3IYVYGIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.
7 us = Me z |

= wn” 97)

= oc ya. fe a=

oy ee 2 = <x ‘aon |

5 ms = ~ =

eS = o ot ro}
=z pe a = os
ARIES _ SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLIISNI NVINOSHLINS S3I1uVud 11
ate ar =
iS) Oo ° r= ee he

5 wif tao) = =p SS oo

= fhe ca = > ww S

= oy Wily = ras wa =

a ar z a me

— on — w s =

NVINOSHLINS S3IYVYUGIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN

2 g 2 ae g Zz
f } ‘3 4 a nh y Zz \ SS = = |
‘bf 9 x pip o Ve ahr) cae 2 |
ee 7 : |
ARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI_NVINOSHLIWS S31uW4 17
tu “= iva z SY. ah
= = : 2 WX = |
<3 a < 2 ANS x .
= = = WK & |
= | S = 3S = |
oi i z ad = Coops |
ILILSNI_NVINOSHLINS S3IYVYGIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
—~ * S 3 z os r |
w = o = lip Ww
a = saad 1s GZ, .
> - > me php >
ad = = im G/ &F 2 |
nm SW 9 rm oe ee |
ARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S31NVYSIT
w z “% w z= (oe) =
= < 3 = 4 Z < = |

- ae \, = Uh, - = =,

Ny FES) § NRE BED) 3

\ SE = AS 2,0 fe = 2

ie eee) z =
MILSNI_NVINOSHLINS SSIYVYEIT_ LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN _INSTITUTIO

z z ” S

7) 2 us ty) ,

+ Ye =z = = Y%5

= iN ;< a We id ae

4 NO 3 a aa

re) ae = re) aa? ro)
= — = 23 = |
ARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S31YVUdIT
z - z = ae z |

m See Se Wane) Pen None EE m Nwonw¥ @Q
Hi AS z re = w =

1
‘

,

ISNI_NVINOSHLINS S3!1NVUGIT LIBRARIES

les SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILMLILSNI_NVINOSHLINS S31uvugi7_L!

NVINOSHLIWS
SMITHSONIAN

SMITHSONIAN
dij
NVINOSHLIWS

NVINOSHLIWS

SMITHSONIAN

INSTITUTION NC

a 2 2 - i:
CW WY < a < ee < {5
a AQ = a ce ar cei
See pes o zai 3 =
h = pa ms ~J Fe —-
1ES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLIWS S31uvVudit Li
iS re z rr Oe z ei
rans ao fam wo o uw
= a 5 2 = re)
aa = = z = ah
2) Ma m Z m Z i
ISN! NVINOSHLIWS S31NUVUGIT LIBRARIES a Nt
a w <= we wn a wo
bas = ve ~ = < =
: t =
je s = BL S = 5 a
,) 6 2 “yy E Z = ae:
= > = > = >
Ww = ” Za ” Zz

m1ES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI NVINOSHLIWS saruvugid ti

2 z Ae z
= “S 2 4 WX = 4
<3; e: < = ASS < ite (
& = a 4 NS = -
= o aa rot 2 5
pa =z al z 2 aad me
SJIYVUGIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Ni

5 3 = se 3

wo ‘ — o —_— wo =

) aN w= 0 2 Ee) =

5 NSE > F a E

= WV = = = c

a se SS z he z= Ws z
TES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI_NVINOSHLIWS, S31uvuaiq Ul
Vee < z I 4 = = j <

Ne ; 2 £%,: : :

WV" 2 I= 2, ee 2 =

; > = is > = > =
2 ” “iG 4 ” z ”

1SNI_NVINOSHLINS S3IYVYdIT_LIBRARI ES SMITHSONIAN _INSTITUTION os)
a ul a ul & uw
= o = oe ies ox
a < pa < ge = |
~~ cf c ~ Cc x
Oo ; = fo) any / ro) =
za oJ <a a) z a

a] ES_ SMITHSONIAN _ INSTITUTION NOLLALILSNI_NVINOSHLINS_ S3 luvudia ot

2 ee ya | evans a) a DS | GRITS | og

. wn

3 9088 0