PROCEEDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. PART IX. 1841. PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY, BY R. AND J. EF. TAYLOR, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. OU: TO: List OF CONTRIBUTORS, With References to the several Articles contributed by each. Assgort, Capt. James. page Notes on the Wild sGntalOPe | of Khaurism calnitoge Saiga, Pall.) . . coor >.70 Betcuer, Capt. R.N. ELL OR STCURs Nets Ae ae) wen RR GR gs sec trae, be SO Brackett, P. C., Esq. Letter from, relating to the parent Stock of the Domestic EAE Sai TSR Si ER RRR a NAD EMO a Biytu, Epwarp, Esq. PO TTORET RO MTIN she ad OE a, Ba SE Bk a ee aS BrewsTER, Sir Davip. Letter from, relating to the colouring matter of certain Land-shells from the Philippine Islands . . . . . . . 16 Brivces, T., Esq. Notes on various Birds and Mammals from Chile . . . 93 Broperip, W. J., Esq. Descriptions of Species of Bulinus collected by H. Cu- ming, Esq. - . . 14 Descriptions of Shells collected | by F HL. Cuning, Esq., in the Philippine Islands . . . - . - 22,34, 36, 44 Brooke, JAMES, Esq. Letter from, relating to the habits and points of distine- tion in the Orangs of Borneo. . 2 1. eee we 5S CHARLESWORTH, EpwArp, Esq. On the habits of the Bassaris astuta, Lichtenstein ; and of the Ascomys Mexicanus of the same author. . . . - « 60 iv CorFin, Mr. Commissary-General. page Observations on the Habits of the Woodcock . . . . 79 Cox, Dr. Letter, POM é Laces useelet Ss anise welt De- Cust, Sir Epwarp. Letter from, relating to a Species of Holothuria from the Island of Porto Rico . ..- + + + «© « « it eee 3 DersBy, THE EARL oF. Letter frome (leak a, bo Sate oe 2 ee ae eee Fraser, L., Esq. OR Se A eras Govutp, J., Esq. Description of a New Species of Himantopus from New Maniaiice sen es wee we ees Cee ee ee On a New Species of Hypsiprymnus from King George’s BOMBA GVA Diep ee cs eile je 6) REN ae ee ee On the Habits of the Lyre-bird (Menura superba). . . 41 Exhibition of a Specimen of the Apteryx Australis . . 70 Exhibition of Skulls of a New Species of Kangaroo . . 77 Descriptions of four New Species of Kangaroos . . . 80 Characters of a New Species of Goose nearly allied to Nettapus Coromandelianus nike) . . “Qantas Heron, Sir Rosert, Bt. Notes relating to the Breeding of Gold-fishes . . . . 42 Observations on the Eggs and Young of the Rhea, &c. . 79 Hitt, R., Esq. Letter from, relating to the Nests of the Birds of Jamaica 69 Luorsky, Dr. On Animal Tuition and Animal Hygiene . . . - + 65 Lzonanp, M. Exhibition of two Pointer Dogs, in illustration of his Ob- servations on the Intelligence of these Animals . . . . 47 McC.Le.ianp, Dr. Letters from. SG "Pe en Re ae area Moors, E., Esq. page WERELEDS TOTO Oe ceo or eee, I ee age a, BO Oaixsy, W., Esq. Description of a New ae ail of ak mcg “ied tan- | i Ore Ge a S33 OciLzy, W., Esq. GEER PONG pow ee Pee Mal Mat ss elke Colmes tea Oo Owen, R., Esq. Description of a New Genus and Species of Sponge . . 3 Description of the Stomach of the Colobus Ursinus, NS ee aT Nt em at hh ta) aN” Bl lh ati ParRKINsON, J., Esq. Letter ee accompanying a Communication from Mr. Commissary-General Coffin, lag to the Habits of the Woodeock. <7". \o. = sy. Se a: pate aia Ne etes Pory, Dr. He tLeT LPO ses Wh ckh werkt. Peslabatelig, © wel hella een) SOMOS Reeve, L., Esq. Classification of the Zepades and Conchiferous Mollusca. 72 Description of a New Species of Corbis, a Genus of Ace- phalous Mollusks of the Family Nymphacea. . ; > (8a Characters of a New Species of Mitra, a Genus cf "Bette nibranchiate Mollusks of the Family Columellata. . . . 93 On Lingula, a Genus of Brachiopodous Mollusks . . . 97 RicuHarpson, Dr. On some new or little known Fishes from the Australian Ris mR. seed} te Fe hata ervit eas Ge cx SEDETre VOI Sowersy, G. B., Esq. Descriptions of New Species of Shells, collected by H. Cuming, Esq., in the Philippine Islands . . . . 1,19, 24, 39 On Species of Helix collected by H. Meee ae ., in the Philippine Islands . . . 17 Sowersy, G. B., Esq., Jun. Descriptions of eight New Species of the Genus Ranella. 51 Descriptions of several New Species of Chitones, brought by H. Cuming, Esq., from the Philippine Islands . . . . 61 Descriptions of nine Species of the Genus Pupina. . . 101 Descriptions of four Species of the Genus Chiton, brought by H. Cuming, Esq., from the Philippine Islands . . . . 103 SrrickLanp, Hueu, Esq. On some New Genera of Birds . . ....... Q7 Srutcueury, S., Esq. Description of a New Sponge from Barbadoes . . . . 86 vi Viens, G. T., Esq. Letter from, relating to a collection of Birds formed iti Thibet and Cashmere Warernouse, G. R., Esq. , Description of a New Species of Hare from Thibet. Observations upon some Monkey Skins from Fernando Po On a New Genus of Rodents allied to the Genera Poepha- gomys, Ctenomys, &c. . - y Descriptions of some new Coleopterous Insects from the Southern Parts of S. America, collected by C. Darwin, Esq. and JT. Bridges, Esq. - ~ - By a Westwoop, J. O., Esq. Monograph on the Genus Nematoptera . + + + + + Descriptions of some Coleopterous Insects from Tropical Afriea belonging to the Section Heteromera . ; YARRELL, W., Esq. Exhibition of a British Specimen of the Motacilla alba, Boise feel eo ge eae eto ha On the Trachea’ of a Male Spur-winged Goose, Azser Gambensis and Chenalopex Gambensis of authors .— é fo PROCEEDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. January 12, 1841. In consequence of there not being a sufficient number of Members present to constitute a quorum, the Meeting was adjourned to Ja- nuary the 26th. January 26, 1841. William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair. Letters from E, L. Moore, Esq., and Augustus Elliott Fuller, Esq., were read. A letter from Sir Edward Cust was next read. This letter con- tains a description of a species of Holothuria, presented by Sir E. Cust to the Society, obtained at the island of Porto Rico, and remarkable for its leopard-like markings. A continuation of Mr. G. B. Sowerby’s descriptions of new species of shells, collected by H. Cuming, Esq. in the Philippine Islands, was next read. Hexrx monocuroa. Hel. testd suborbiculari, tenuiusculd, subpal- lescente brunned, haud nitente; spird mediocri ; anfractibus quatuor, ventricosis, rugulosis, ultimo maximo, ceteris multd majori ; fasciis binis medianis saturatioribus, binis pallidioribus ; suturd distincte impressd ; aperturd subelliptico-semilunari, intus albd ; labio ex- terno latiusculo, rotundato-reflexo, extiis subfusco ; labio interno tenuissimo, columellari subdilatato, umbilicum mediocrem partim tegente. Long. 1°3, lat. 2: poll. Hab. ad insulam Tablas dictam. This species appears to be very distinct from any of those given -by De Férussac, as well as from the Helix Cailliaudi of Deshayes, with which I have compared it. Besides the rugulosities which cover the external surface, oblique lines of growth are easily distin- guishable, which are stronger near the suture. Nos. XCVI. & XCVII.—Procrepines or tHE Zoot. Soc. 2 Hexrx cutorocaroa. Hel. testd globoso-suborbiculart, tenuiusculd, pallide brunned, haud nitente ; spird elevatiusculd ; anfractibus 4, ventricosis, levibus ; striis solim incrementi tenuibus insculptis, ul- timo maximo, ceteris multd majori ; fascid unica albidé mediané ; suturd distincté ; aperturé rotundato-sublunari, intis albd ; labio externo rotundato-reflexo, fuscescente, interno tenui ; labio columel- lari lato, albicante, subsinuoso, profundé ineunte ; umbilico nullo. Long. 1°6, lat. 2° poll. This species bears a general resemblance to the last, though it may easily be distinguished by its more elevated spire and the ab- sence of an umbilicus. Besides the lighter-coloured band, the shell is usually mottled with paler light-brown markings. A variety oc- curs of a much darker colour, but similarly marked. Hexix Spuarion. Hel. testd globoso-orbiculari, tenui, levi, uni- coloris, haud nitens ; spird brevi, paululim elevatd ; anfractibus quatuor, ventricosis ; striis soliim incrementi, tenuibus insculptis, ultimo maximo, ceteris multd majore ; suturd lined alba distincta ; apertura rotundatd, anfractu ultimo tenuiter modificata, intis albi- cante ; labio externo fuscescente, antice paululiim reflexo ; labio colu- mellari albo, latiusculo, profunde ineunte. Long. 1°3, lat. 1°6 poll. Hab. supra folia arborum propé ‘Tanauan ad insulam Leyte dictam Philippinarum. This species is most like H. Coccomelos, but may be distinguished from that by its thin, scarcely reflected outer lip. Two varieties in colour have been found, one of which is of a very dark chocolate- brown, and the other of a pale yellowish brown. Another variety, very much resembling this last, has been found at Lobock, in the island of Bohol, which differs only in the lip being rather more re- flected. Hexix mirasitis, De F. Hel. testa subglobosd, imperforata, levi, nitidd, candida, epidermide olivaceo-lutescente indutd ; spird eleva- tiusculd, obtusd ; anfractibus 44 rotundatis, ultimo maximo, ple- rumque fasciis duobus rufo-fuscis cincto; suturd distinctd ; aper- turd subobliqud, elliptico-rotundatd ; peritremate albo, latiusculo, reflexo ; columella alba, latiusculd, antice sinuatd ; labio interno tenut. Long. 1°6, lat. 1°3 poll. Hab. supra folia arborum propé Albay, provinciz Albaiensi ad in- sulam Lucon Philippinarum. Syn. Helix galactites, Lam. (Hist. Nat. des Anim. sans Vert. vi. part 2, p. 69. April 1822). Helix mirabilis, De Férussac (Hist. Nat. gen. et part. des Mol- lusques Terr. et Fluy., t. 31, f. 4, 5, 6. 1819). A representation of this fine species, without the epidermis, was published by De Férussac in 1819, under the name of Helix mira- bilis; his name is therefore here adopted. But Lamarck in 1822, although he quotes De Férussac’s name and plate, has given it the name of H. galactites, which of course must give way to De Férus- sac’s. 3 It appears extremely probable that both Lamarck and De Férus- sac have confounded with this species a variety of Helix metaformis, De F., the latter author having figured a var. of that species under the name of H. mirabilis, var. See his Tab. 104, f. 6 et 7, and La- marck, describing his var. 3. as ‘‘ testd superne in conum elongatd.” « T must here acknowledge my obligations to M. Valenciennes, who has informed me in a note that the species I have described under the name of decipiens is identical with this species, H. mirabilis, De F. I suspect that he may be right in his opinion, and will take the ear- liest opportunity of re-examining all the varieties of both, together. « At present I will proceed to describe the principal varieties which have occurred to Mr. Cuming, and which are unquestionably refer- able to the mirabilis of De F.” a. Shell rather thick and strong, with three dark bands, one of which is close to the suture, and much narrower than the others. b. Shell very thin, with bands similar to the last. c. Shell with the spire much produced, and with three dark bands, of which the middle one is very slender. d. Shell very thin, with a narrow sutural band, and a broader cir- cumferential band. e. Shell thick and strong, with only a very narrow antesutural band. f. Shell thin, and entirely destitute of bands. Heuix rutcens. Hel. testa globoso-pyramidali, crassiusculd, im- perforata, levi, nitidd, albidd; spird prominula, obtusd; anfractibus 41 ventricosis, castaneo-nigrogue fasciatis ; lineis incrementi tener- rime insculptis ; aperturd suborbiculari, ints albd ; fasciis nigris subconspicuis ; peritremate reflexo, albo ; columella latiuscula, alba, profundé ineunte. Long 1°5, lat. 1°15 poll. Hab. ad Puerto Galero insule Mindoroensis Philippinarum. Two principal varieties of this brilliant species have been found by Mr. Cuming ; the one has black and chestnut-coloured bands, beautifully relieved on a light-coloured ground, and the other has the posterior part of each volution nearly white, one dark band close behind the circumference, and three close-set dark bands in front. Heurx curysocueitus. Hel. testa subglobosd, crassiuscula, levi, nitidd, imperforatd ; spird mediocri, obtusa ; anfractibus quinque, ventricosis ; lineis incrementi tenuiter insculptis, epidermide palles- cente indutis ; aperturd suborbiculari, intis alba ; peritremate in- crassato, reflexo, aurantiaco ; columella latiusculd, aurantiaca, pro- fund? ineunte ; labio interno tenui. Hab. supra folia arborum ad Banqui provincie Ilocos septentrio- nalis ad insulam Lucon Philippinarum. A very beautiful species, and apparently very distinct from any that have hitherto been noticed. It is extremely rare. Prof. Owen read his description of a new genus and species of sponge, which he proposes to name Euplectella Aspergillum. «Mr. Cuming has entrusted to me for description,” says the author, “one of the most singular and beautiful, as well as the rarest of the ma- 4 rine productions with which his researches in the Philippine Islands have enabled him toenrich the zoological collections of his native coun- try. This production is, however, a member of the very lowest class of the animal kingdom, if even it be permitted to rank in that division of organized nature. After repeated examination and much reflec- tion, I can arrive at no other conclusion than that the object about to be described is the skeleton or framework of a species of sponge helonging to that division of the class called Horny, in opposition to the calcareous and siliceous groups, and to the Alcyonoid family. It is a hollow, cylindrical, slightly conical, and gently curved case or tube, resembling a delicate cornucopia, with the apex removed. It measures eight inches in length, two inches across the base, and one inch and a quarter across the apex, which is truncated. The base or wider aperture of the tube is sub-elliptical, and is closed by a cap of coarse and somewhat irregular network, gently convex externally, the circumference of which is divided from the walls of the cylinder by a thin projecting plate, standing out like a ruff or frill. This marginal plate varies in breadth from one to three lines. The pa- rietes of the circular cone consist also of a network of coarse fibres, but these exhibit the greatest regularity of disposition, and intersect each other at definite and nearly equal distances throughout the course of the cone. They consist of longitudinal, transverse, and oblique fibres, the latter being of two kinds, winding spirally round the cylinder, but in opposite directions. The strongest fibres are the longitudinal and transverse ones, which are arranged at intervals of about a line and a half, and mark out regular square spaces of the same diameter: these spaces are kept of pretty equal size throughout the cone, from the circumstance of the longitudinal fibres diminishing in number as the cone decreases in size; the mode of diminution is not, however, by abrupt termination, but by the gra- dual convergence and final interblending of two contiguous longitu- dinal fibres, and the regularity of the interspaces is therefore disturbed at the intervals of such converging fibres. The fibre resulting from this union of two fibres bears a proportionate thickness to the addi- tional material entering into its composition. The nature of such material is demonstrated at the apex of the cone by the resolution of the longitudinal fibres into their component filaments, each of them dividing at about two thirds of an inch from their extremity into a fasciculus or pencil of extremely delicate, stiff, glistening, elastic threads, resembling the finest hairs of spun glass. The trans- verse fibres, in like manner, are resolved at the truncated apex of the cone into their component filaments, which intersect those pro- ceeding from the longitudinal fibres, as well as similar pencils from the oblique filaments, the whole forming an irregular silky tuft, which almost closes the apical aperture of the cone. “The longitudinal fibres are external to the transverse ones, to which they are connected by both the spiral fibres, and by smaller and less regular intersecting fibres at the angles of the squares ; the area of each square is thus reduced more or less to a circular form: at about one or two inches from the apex, these connecting reticulate fibres begin to rise in the form of narrow ridges from the general surface 5 of the network, and sooner on the convex than on the concave side of the bent cone. These ridges at first are short and interrupted ; they are then more extended, but irregular in their course, some being transverse, others undulated or curved ; but as they approach the base of the cone they are continued into broader ridges, which follow, with more or less regularity, the course of the oblique spiral fibres ; the broadest of these ridges would measure two lines and a half. Their structure presents an extremely fine and irregular net- work, disposed, for the most part, in two plates, which converge as they recede from the general wall of the cone, and terminate in a sharp and well-defined edge. ‘The component fibres of these reticu- lations, like those of the main network, are resolved into the fine silky filaments above mentioned. The fibres of the coarse irregular network which closes the basal aperture of the cone, and which con- stitutes the main characteristic of this Aleyonoid sponge, appear to be directly continued from, and, as it were, to include all those which enter into the composition of the longitudinal, transverse and ob- lique fibres of the wall of the cone; the frill-like ridge above de- scribed defining the line of transition from the one to the other. The inner surface of the reticulate parietes of the cone is even; not interrupted by any ridges or processes like those on the outer sur- face. The number of the longitudinal filaments at the base of the cone is 60; that at the smaller end, where they begin to resolve themselves into their constituent filaments, is 30. The diameter of the longitudinal fibres is about 3th of an inch; that of the trans- verse fibres is somewhat less. The oblique fibres, where they are most regular, average 75th of an inch; the longitudinal fibres, where they begin to resolve themselves into their component filaments, ex- pand in the direction of a line passing to the centre of the cone, and not in the direction of the plane of its circumference ; maintaining, in the latter respect, nearly the same breadth to their entire unraveling ; whilst in the other dimension they equal one line in breadth before they are wholly decomposed. Small portions of a finely reticulate plate were loosely attached to some parts of the internal surface. The fibres of these pieces consisted of minute filaments, irregular in their course, branching, anastomosing, and sending off abrupt pro- cesses like thorns. The component filaments of the parietal fibres are of two kinds ; the one simple, cylindrical, and smooth; the others barbed at pretty regular distances through their whole course, like the hair of certain caterpillars. I have also observed a long filament, simple at one extremity, and becoming barbed at the other. ‘They consist of material like the dried gluten of marine plants, containing a small proportion of azote, and burning away to a charry residuum. “If the basal aperture of the cone were open, the resemblance to many of the beautiful reticulate Aleyonoid sponges would be very close: its closure by the reticulate convex cap, in the present in- stance, establishes the generic distinction; and in the exquisite beauty and regularity of the texture of the walls of the cone the species surpasses any of the allied productions that I have, as yet, seen, or found described.” 6 A letter from G. T. Vigne, Esq. was read. In this letter, at the request of the Society’s Curator, Mr. Vigne furnishes the following list of Birds constituting part of a collection this gentleman had formed during his travels in Thibet, Cashmere, &c. Aguila Bonelli, Gould. Cashmere and Lower Himalaya. Buteo ? Cashmere. Accipiter fringillarius, Ray. Cashmere. Falco biarmicus ? Temm.] Common in the plains under the Alpine Chicquera? Lath. Panjab. Athene Cuculoides, Gould. In the Alpine Panjab. Caprimulgus Asiaticus, Lath. Plain of Attok. Merops Apiaster, Linn. Cashmere and Persia. Alcedo Bengalensis, Gmel. Cashmere. Smyrnensis. Alpine Panjab. Phenicornis brevirostris, Vig. 1b. Muscipeta castanea, Temm. Ib. Turdus atrogularis, Temm. Ib. Oriolus galbuloides, Gould. Ib. TIros leucogenys (Brachypus leucogenys of Hardwick and Gray’s ‘ In- dian Zoology’). Cashmere. Note.—An allied species, differing in having red instead of yellow under the tail, is found in the plains of India. Ianthocincla variegata, Gould. Alpine Panjab. Petrocincla savatilis, Vig. Ib. — Pandoo, Sykes. Ib. Enicurus maculatus, Vig. Cashmere. Phenicura leucocephala, Vig. 1b. Motacilla lugubris, Pall. Ib. Coccothraustes Icteroides, Vig. Alpine Panjab. Pastor Mahrattensis. Ib. Garrulus lanceolatus, Vig. Ib. Fregilus graculus, Cuv. Himalaya tops ; Little Thibet. Nucifraga hemispila, Vig. Cashmere. Cuculus micropterus, Steph. Cashmere. Dendrocopus Himalayanus. Alpine Panjab. Picus nuchalis, Wagl. Ib. Chrysoptilus squamatus, Swains. Ib. Bucco grandis, Linn. Jb. Tichodroma phenicoptera, Temm. Cashmere, Alpine Panjab, and Little Thibet. Columba leuconota, Vig. Thibet mountains. Turtur auritus, Ray. Alpme Panjab. Phasianus Stacei, Vig. _Chumba. albocristatus, Vig. Alpine Panjab. ——- Pucrasia, Vig. Ib. Lophophorus Impeyanus, Vig. Cashmere and Himalaya. ; Tetraogallus Nigellii, Gray. Snow range, Cashmere and Little Thibet. Pterocles arenarius, Temm. Plains of Panjab. Francolinus vulgaris, Gould. Alpine Panjab and Indus. Perdix Chukar, Lath. 'Thibet. Coturnix Sinensis. India and Panjab. ws Ardea cinerea, Lath. Panjab. Tbis Falcinellus, Cuv. Little Thibet. Scolopax rusticola, Linn. Dodah, near Cashmere, Note.—A second species, nearly allied to the Scolopax major, Linn., is found in Cashmere. Totanus ~? Thibet. Parra Sinensis, Lath. Cashmere. Querquedula Crecca, Steph. Ib. Fuligula Nyroca, Steph. Little Thibet. Mr. Vigne’s letter also contains the following notes, relating to a species of Hare from Little Thibet, which was exhibited to the Meet- ing, and which he had presented to the Society :— “« The Hares of Little Thibet, which is a barren country, are found almost exclusively within, or within reach of, sandy valleys, through which a stream flows, creating on its flat banks just verdure enough for them to feed upon. ‘They lie in forms, under rocks and stones ; sometimes, when pursued, will take to any natural hollows beneath them, and are occasionally, and, in fact, frequently, sheltered by the thick bushes of Turtarian furze, with which the valleys of Little Thibet abound, more or less. They do not burrow, but scratch away a deep form under a stone or rock. In some respects this species re- sembles the Alpine Hare, but the latter has a small ear, whilst the present animal has a very large, broad, and open ear. I never heard that these Hares were gregarious, excepting from the necessity of seeking the same places in quest of food, and those being few and far between. The nature of the country would prevent any migration, such as that of the Alpine Hares. «T never heard it utter any peculiar cry, and should think it not unfikely that the varieties said to exist in Tartary by Bewick, and to whistle sharply, like the chirping of a sparrow, must be the large Drun (?) or Thibetian Marmot, of which Jacquemont says he received a skin, and of which I and Dr. Falconer also have seen plenty. I had the skeleton of one, but unfortunately lost it.” Mr. Vigne moreover observes, that there are no Hares in Cashmere, though it is a country which appears to be particularly fitted for them; neither are there any gray or black Francolins, though all are found within four or five days’ march of the Valley. The Hare exhibited, Mr. Waterhouse observed, was an undescribed species, and he proceeded to characterize it under the name of Lerus Trzzranus. Lep. cinereus, pilis flavescenti-albo nigroque annulatis ; abdomine albo ; pedibus supra sordidé albis, subtiis sordide flavescenti-fuscis, pilis densis indutis ; caudd mediocri, alba, supra ni- gricante ; auribus longis, ad apicem nigricantibus : nuchd sordide alba, indistincté fulvo-lavatd. une. lin. Longitudo ab apice rostri ad caude basin.... 18 0 DOMME CO Fe ween «6 nde a « 4 6 LOPS ree ws caste st pie 2 sik Tigtiedl, _ CUINS RO oo tao Sees or eeansaet snes 4 6 ab apice rostri ad basin auris .... 3 8 8 The Thibet Hare, compared with most other species of the genus, is most remarkable for its pale grayish colouring, and the almost total absence of brown or yellow tints in its fur. On the upper parts of the body the fur is of a pale gray hue next the skin; the hairs are blackish beyond the middle, and at the point, and broadly annulated with white or cream colour near the point; but interspersed with the ordinary fur on this part of the body are numerous hairs which are white at the base, though annulated like the others on the apical portion. The fur on the chest is also pale gray at the base, but ex- ternally it has a faint fulvous hue, though it might almost be de- scribed as dirty white, and the occiput and back of the neck are of the same hue. On the belly the fur is white, even next the skin: The legs and feet are almost white; a slight ashy tint is observable on the outer side of the hinder pair; they are rather densely clothed with fur, and that on the under side is of a yellowish-brown hue, but not very dark. The ears are very large, and well clothed with hairs ; on the outer part, in front, these hairs have the same colouring as those on the back of the animal, but on the hinder part they are white, or nearly so, and the apical portion of the ear is broadly mar- gined with black. The skull, compared with that of the common Hare, differs, in being much smaller, and proportionally narrower; the upper in- cisors have the groove rather more near the middle of the tooth. Following are the principal dimensions of the skull :— in. lin. AOtal 1608th 8 cas coe tae 3.4 Wien Sic... eee he 1 72 Width between orbits ...... Dall Length of nasal bones ...... ee > Width af base (ioe, oe 0 8 Length of bony palate ...... Loe Mr. Gould exhibited and characterized a new species of Himan- topus, which he had received from New Zealand. Himantorus Nova Zetanpiz. Him. fuliginoso-niger, dorso, alis cauddque nitore virescente tinctis. Exempla, fronte, loris, mento, collo antice, et ad latera, sic et pectore crissoque albis, nonnunquam obveniunt. The whole of the plumage sooty black, with the exception of the back, wings and tail, which are glossed with green : examples some- times occur with the forehead, lores, chin, front and sides of the neck, chest, and under tail-coverts white ; bill black ; feet pink-red. Total length, 16 inches; bill, 3; wing, 93; tail, 33; tarsi, 34. This bird is interesting, not so much for its beauty, but as adding another species to the very limited genus Himantopus, of which, until lately, only one was known. Mr. Gould regretted that no other information accompanied the specimens than that they were killed at Port Nicholson. From the great difference in their colouring it might be supposed that they are distinct, but he inclines to believe that they are either the result of age or season; in all probability the black plumage is that of summer. February 9, 1841. William Horton Lloyd, Esq. in the Chair. A letter from Dr. M‘Clelland, of Calcutta, Corr. Memb., was read. It states that Dr. M‘Clelland had forwarded for the Society a pair of Java Pea-fowls; these having been brought from Chitta- gong by C. W. Smith, Esq., who expressed a desire to present them to the Society. Dr. M‘Clelland also states, that he shall endeavour to procure for the Society a pair of the Jungle Pea-fowl of India. A letter from P. C. Blackett, Esq., dated January 27, 1841, was next read. It relates to the parent stock of the domestic Dog (Canis familiaris of authors), and gives some account of the habits of the European Wolf. The pups of this animal, it is said, were considered valuable about sixty or seventy years back, and that they were easily domesticated, and became as familiar and attached to their master as the common domesticated Dog. A monograph on the genus Nematoptera, by J. O. Westwood, Esq., F.L.S., was read. In this monograph numerous new species are added to those already characterized by Dr. Klug and others. The genus Nema- toptera (Nemoptera, Latr.) was placed by its founder, Latreille, in the family Panorpide, owing to the rostrum being elongated as in that family ; but Mr. Westwood agrees with Drs. Klug and Burmeister, in arranging the species in the Hemerobiide, since they agree with this family, not only in the structure of the mouth, but also in the ge- neral arrangement of the nervures of the wings. Following are the chief characters of the species :— Sectio 1™. Alz anticze latissime ovate, coloratz, serie duplici vel triplici cellu- larum in area anali. Sp. 1. Nemaroprera Pzrivert. Nem. alis anticis ovatis, pallid? flavis ; fasciis quatuor sinuatis ; costa ad basin immaculata ; ma- cula oblonga ante mediam, altera media tertiaque subapicali, ni- gris, punctisque nonnullis versus marginem internum et in discum ale ejusdem coloris. Expans. alar. antic. 2—25 unc. Long. alar. postic. 1—14 une. Syn. The Feather-tailed Smyrna Adderbolt, Petiver, Gazoph. tab: 73. f.11. : Phryganea e Moldavia, Linneus, Kongl. Vetensk. Handl. 1747. p- 176—178. tab. 6. fig. 1. Ephemera Coa, Hasselquist, Iter Palestinum, p. 423. (1757). No. XCVII.—Procgepines or THE Zoot. Soc. 10 Panorpa Coa, Linneus, Syst. Nat. Edit.x. Ditto, Edit. xii. vol. ii. p-915. Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p.314. Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 208. Panorpa halterata, Fabr. Mantiss. Ins. p. 251. Nemoptera sinuata, Olivier, Enc. Méth. viii. p.178. Lamarck, Hist. Nat. iv. p.419. Klug, Monogr. Panorp. p. 13. No. 2. Sp.2. Nematorrera Coquzsertit. Nem. alis anticis latissime ovatis, pallidiori-flavescentibus ; fasciis tribus valde sinuatis; costa in areas angustas divisa, singula area linea obscura notata, macula media costali, altera intermedia, 3tiaque versus apicem coste ob- scuris ; disco et basi punctis numerosis nigris ; areaque anali lata duplici serie punctorum et unica strigarum nigrarum. Expans. alar. antic. 12—13 unc. Long. alar. postic. 14 une. Syn. Panorpa Coa, Coquebert, Illustr. iconogr. i. p. 15. tab. 3. fig. 3. ~Nemoptera Coa, Olivier, Enc. Méth. tom. vii. p. 178. Klug? Mon. Panorp. p. 12. No. 1. Burmeister ? Handb. d. Entomol. ii. p. 987. Nemoptera lusitanica, Rambur. Faune Andal. tom. i. pl. 9. f. 1. The extraordinary breadth of the fore-wings (which are as broad as those of the preceding species, although of considerably less ex- panse) is alone sufficient to distinguish this from the two other species of this Section. Sp. 3. NEMATOPTERA BIPENNIS. Nem. alis anticis latis, margine antico fere recto; lete flavis, brunneo variis ; punctis numerosis fasciisque tribus valde sinuatis brunneis ornatis; costa in cellulas quadratas divisa ; singula cellula puncto rotundo notata ; macula oblonga paulld pone medium coste apiceque toto brunneis, et in hoc apice macula parva subcostalis elongata alteraque magna ovalis, area anali serie unica punctorum alteraque strigarum. Expans. alar. antic. 2—21 unc. Long. alar. postic. 13—, unc. Syn. Panorpa bipennis, J//ig. Ahrens Faun. Ins. Eur. i. 16. Nemoptera lusitanica, Leach, Zool. Misc. ii. tab. 85. fig. sup. Klug, Monogr. Panorp. p. 13. Burmeister, Handb. d. Ent.ii. p. 987. Nec Rambur. Faun. Andalusia. ii. pl. 9. f. 1. Nemoptera Coa, Latr. Hist. Nat. Crust. et Ins. t. xiii. pl. 97. bis fig.2. Gen. Crust. ili. p. 186. Savigny, Descr. de Egypte, Neur. pl. 2. fig. 15. Diptita lusitanica, Hoffm. MSS. quoted by Leach. This species (to which I have restored Illiger’s specific name, which has been overlooked by all subsequent authors, although several years prior to Leach’s) is at once distinguished from the two preceding species by the shape of the fore-wings, of which the anterior margin is almost straight, at least for two-thirds of the length of the wing; they are consequently not so greatly dilated as in the two preceding. The colour of the wings is also of a much ee yellow, and the markings are fine brown, instead of obscure ack. LL Sectio 24°. Al antice angustiores hyaline ; serie unica cellularum oblongarum in area anali. Subsectio 1, Ale posticee pone medium subitd bis aut semel dilatatee. Sp. 4. Nemarorrera extensa. Nem. alis unticis hyalinis ; costa paulld obscuriori punctoque minuto fusco supra conjunctionem vene mediastine cum postcostali ; alis posticis ante apicem apice- que rotundato, valde extensis et infuscatis. Expans. Alar. antic. 12 unc. Long. alar. postic. 13 unc. Syn. N. extensa, Olivier, Enc. Méth. viii. p. 178. Guerin, Icon. d. Régne An. Ins. pl. 61. f. 1. Klug, Monogr. Panorp. p. 13. Burmeister, Handb. d. Ent. ii. p. 987. The short description given above is taken from a specimen in my collection, which was captured by Olivier himself near Bagdad, and for which I am indebted to my friend Audouin. Sp. 5. Nemarorrera pirarata. Nem. fusco-brunnea ; alis anticis hyalinis; posticis ante apicem biextensis fuscis; apice angusto lacteo. Expans. alar. antic. 2 unc. Long. alar. postic. 1,4, unc. Syn. N. dilatata, Klug, Monogr. Panorp. p. 14. tab. annex. fig. 1. Burmeister, Handb. ii. p. 987. This very distinct species has the hind wings comparatively short, with the expansions considerably larger than in N, ertensa. It is from South Africa. Sp. 6. NEMATOPTERA Forsxatiu. Nem. alis anticis hyalinis, vena postcostali flava ; alis posticis “ triclavatis” ; stylo flavo ; clava 1" fusco-flavescenti ; 94a dimidio minori cerulea; 3% terminali ob- longa caerulea; apice extimo obtuso. “Corp. long. poll.” Al postice, “3 poll. vel corpore triplo longiores.”’ Syn. Panorpa halterata, Forskall, Descr. Anim. p. 97. tab. 25. fig. E. (copied in Encycl. Méth. pl. 98. fig. 1., under the name of Panorpe d orient). Nec N. halterata, Fabr., Olivier, Dumeril, Klug. Sp. 7. Nemaroprera BarBara. Nem. alis erectis pallidis ; costa late fusca ; posticis linearibus longissimis subbiclavatis nigris apice dilatatis in medio coarctatis ; fasciis tribus albis, intermedia minori. Syn. Panorpa Coa, Fabricius, Mantiss. Ins. i. p. 251. Panorpa halterata, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 208. Nemoptera barbara, Klug, Monogr. Panorp. p. 14. Sp. 8. Numarorrera patiipa. Nem. alis anticis hyalinis imma- culatis venis fulvescentibus punctoque* minuto stigmaticali albo ; posticis longissimis linearibus albis apice viz latioribus, fascia tamen fusca dilatata pone medium ale. Expans. Alar. antic. 1,9, unc. Long. alar. postic. ~ une. 12 Syn. N. pallida, Olivier, Enc. Méth. vii. p. 179. N. halterata, Klug, Monogr. Panorp. p. 14?. Subsectio 2. Al postice absque dilatatione. (a.) Fasciate. Sp. 9. NEMATOPTERA AFRICANA. Nem. corpore luteo, brunneo vario ; alis anticis apice rotundatis hyalinis ; spatio inter venam me- diastinam et postcostalem luteo ; his venis fulvo-testaceis, umbra fuscescenti apicali post stigma albidum ; alis posticis basi palli- dioribus ; fascia fusca ante apicem album. Expans. alar. antic. 2 unc. Long. alar. postic. 2 unc. Syn. Nemopteryx africana, Leach, Zool. Misc. vol. ii. p. 74. tab. 85. fig. inf.; Griffith, Animal Kingd. vol. xv. p. 324. pl. 105. fig. 4. Sp. 10. Nematorrera Baciuiaris. Nem. pallida, dorso brunnea vario ; alis hyalinis, anticis (apice angustioribus subacutis) costa pallida, ad apicem infuscuta; stigmate albo; posticis linearibus longissimis, basi pallidis, ante apicem late fuscis ; antennis longi- tudine alarum anticarum. Expans. alar. antic. 21 unc. Long. alar. postic. 23 unc. Syn. N. bacillaris, Klug, Monogr. Panorp. p. 15. tab. annex. fig. 2. Burmeister, Handb. d. Ent. ii. p. 986. Sp. 11. Nemaroprrera LatirpenNis. Nem. rufo-testacea; linea dorsali media fusca ; alis anticis dilatatis rotundatis ; umbra cine- rea post stigma album ; posticis in basi rufescentibus ; fascia fusca ante apicem album. Long. corp. 6''; alar. antic. 10'". Syn. N. latipennis, Burmeister, Handb. d. Ent. ii. p. 986. This species inhabits South Africa, and is described by Burmeister from the Museum of Halle. Sp. 12. Nemaroprera aneutata. Nem. pallida, brunneo varia ; antennis fuscis longitudine alarum anticarum ; alis anticis apice angulatis, hyalinis ; vena mediastina et postcostali fulvis (spatio intermedio luteo), punctoque parvo in cellula singula aree costalis fulvo ; stigmate fusco; alis posticis longissimis fere linearibus, dimidio basali brunneo ; fascia lata ante apicem album fusca. Expans. alar. antic. 21 unc. Long. alar. postic. 25 unc. Syn. Nemoptera angulata, Westw. in Trans. Ent. Soc. vol. i. Journal of Proceedings, p. 75. Inhabits South Africa. Sp. 13. Nematoprera costauis. Nem. lutea, brunneo varia ; antennis luteo-fulvis, alis anticis multd brevioribus ; alis anticis apice rotundatis hyalinis ; vena mediastina et postcostali fulvis (spatio intermedio luteo), punctoque parvo in cellula singula aree costalis fulvo ; stigmate fusco ; nubila apicali alba, interne umbra tenui lutea marginata ; alis posticis albidis ad basin fuscescentibus ; Fascia fusca ante apicem album, 13 Expans. alar. antic. 2 unc. Long. alar. postic. 24 unc. Syn. N. costalis, Westw. in Trans. Ent. Soc. i. ELxxv. Inhabits South Africa. Sp. 14. Nematorrera oLiviert1. Nem. corpore testaceo brunneo- que variegato ; alis hyalinis ; anticis valde angustis ; costa pallide fusca, lineaque (aree costali posticé conjuncta) tenui stigmateque albidis ; posticis linearibus basi fasciaque testaceis. Expans. alar. antic. 14 unc. Syn. N.halterata, Olivier,Enc. Méth. viii. p.178. (nec Forskallii). N. costata, Klug, Monogr. Panorp. Bae (5.) Ale postice setaceze haud fasciatee. Sp. 15. Nemaroprera setacea. Nem. pallida; dorso pedibusque Suscesentibus ; alis anticis hyalinis, ad apicem subinfuscatis macula alba ; posticis setaceis apice albis. Long. corp. lin.6. Expans. alar. antic. 12—12 lin.; alar. postic. 14—15 lin. Syn. Nemoptera setacea, Klug, Monogr. Panorp. p. 15. tab. an- nex. f. 3. Burmeister, Handb. d. Ent. ii. p. 9&6. Inhabits South Africa. Sp. 16. Nemarorrera caPiuLAris. Nem. pallida; dorso luteo va- rio; alis aniicis hyalinis, nervis fusco alboque variegatis, reticu- latis ; macula ad marginem anticum ante-apicali alba ; posticis lon- gissimis setaceis albis ; basi hyalinis reticulatis. Long. corp. lin. 4. Expans. alar. antic. 103 lin. Long. alar. postic. 134. Syn. N. capillaris, Klug, Monogr. Panorp. p.16. tab. annex. fig. 4. Burmeister, Handb. d. Entomol. ii. p. 985. Inhabits Arabia. Sp.17. Nemaroprera aristata. Nem. albida; alis albo-hyalinis ; anticis macula ante-apicali fusca ; posticis setaceis. Long. corp. lin. 24. Expans. alar. antic. 9. Long. alar. postic. 74. Syn. Nem. aristata, Klug, Monogr. Panorp. p. 16. tab. annex. fig. 5. Burmeister, Handb. d. Ent. ii. p. 985. Inhabits Ambukohl. Sp. 18. Nematoprera aba. Nem. alba immaculata ; oculis solim nigris ; alis anticis hyalinis, venis albidis ; posticis longis setaceis et coloris albi paulld obscuri. **7 ou 8 lignes de largueur les ailes étendues,”’ Oliv. Syn. Nem. alba, Olivier, Enc. Méth. viii. p.179. Klug, Monogr. Panorp. p. 16. Inhabits Bagdad. Found in the houses in the evenings of May. Sp. 19. Nematoprera Fitipennis. Nem. luteo-fusca ; alis anticis albo-hyalinis ; stigmate fusco ; posticis longissimis, basi nigrican- tibus latioribus ; apice albo filiformi. Long. corp. lin. 33. Expans. alar. antic. lin. 114. Long. alar. postic. 1 une. 3 lin. 14 Habitat in India orientali. In Mus. D. W. W. Saunders, F.L.S., &e. Mr, Gould exhibited to the Meeting fine specimens, male and fe- male, of the Macropus laniger of Quoy and Gaimard, and a species of Hypsiprymnus nearly allied to the H. minor, but which differs con- siderably in the form of the skull, and especially in having the muzzle broader, the sides being swollen; it also differs from H. minor in having the tail and tarsi proportionally shorter. This species being new, Mr. Gould characterized it as follows, under the name Hyrsiprymnus Gitsertu1. Hyps. colore corporis superné e cine- reo, fusco, nigroque commixtis, lined nigrescente a naso ductd cum colore frontis se intermiscente ; corpore subtis e cinereo albo. une, lin. Longitudo ab apice rostri ad caude basin.... 16 0 GOUDR. . » iys so qa-tg eee ee ae pO ero Mae Ie a aoitbece [obs 3 0 This species was procured by Mr. Gould’s assistant, Mr. Gilbert, at King George’s Sound. The following two papers, being a continuation of the descriptions of Mr. Cuming’s shells, were next read. The first of these papers is by W. J. Broderip, Esq. Burinus Macutirerus. Bul. testd plerumque sinistrorsd, elongato- pyramidali, anfractibus sex subventricosis, ultimo longe maximo, lineis incrementi oblique longitudinaliter striatd ; aperturd ovatd ; labro sub-patulo reflezo albo. Var. A. Griseo-brunnea strigis griseo-subpurpureis et maculis albis griseo-subpurpureisque irregulariter notata ; anfractu basali su- perne suturam juxta albo vittata. Bulinus maculiferus is figured in Sowerby’s Conchological Illus- trations, but has not hitherto been described. Var. B. Griseo-albens vel subflavescens strigis frequentibus, irregu- laribus, subangulatis, sordide subpurpureis ornata. This seems to be the shell figured by Petiver, Tab. Ixxvi. fig.5. Described by him as “a rare Luzone-shell, with its mouth to the right. Cat.224. Its waves brown, the rest yellow and white.” Var. C. Flavescens, ochraceo-brunneo strigata. Var. D. Albido-brunnescens ; anfractibus prioribus strigis obscuris undulatis, ultimo strigis distantibus oblique longitudinalibus roseis albo limbatis, ornatis. Var. E. Tota alba. Var. F. Deztrorsa alba vel subflavescens strigis purpureo-brunneis presertim in anfractum ultimum creberrimis et subirregularibus ornata. Length about 24 inches. Breadth about 12 inch. Legit H. Cuming in sylvis. a 16 Locality. All the varieties, except Var. C., were found in the province of Misamis, in the island of Mindanao. Var. C. was found at Gindulman, in the isle of Bohol. All were taken on the trunks of trees. This is a handsome species; the ivory-like appearance of the apex, with its dark border, in most of the varieties, except the white one, is remarkable. In fine specimens, the inside of the mouth has a satin-like nacreous lustre, bordering on iridescence, something like that often seen upon the tendon of a muscle.-—W.J.B. Buuinus Evanescens. Bul. testd obtuse conico-pyramidali, sub- pupiformi, anfractibus 5, lineis incrementi creberrime striatd ; labro subreflexo. Var. A. Albido-flavescens ; anfractu penultimo et ultimo purpureo- brunneo suturam juxta superne vittata ; strigd basali ad columellam approximante purpureo-nigrd. Long. 13. Lat. § poll. circ. Var. B. Gracilior, alba, strigd basali subpurpured. Var. C. Tota alba. Legit H. Cuming in insula Lugon. Var. A. was taken at Lual, in the province of Pangusinan, on leaves of bushes; the other two varieties at Catananan, in the province of Tayabas, on leaves of trees.—W.J.B. Buuinus vevatus. Bul. testd subpupiformi, anfractibus 5, ultimo ceteros equante flavescente ad suturas rubro-brunneo vittatd, an- Sractu basali fascid obscura subcentrali cincto, epidermide albente meatibus plend, velatd; strigd basali et labii vix reflexi limbo rubro-brunneis ; aperturd albd. : Long. 15%. Lat. ;% poll. cire. Hab. in insula Camote. Legit H. Cuming in sylvis, foliis arborum adhzrentem. In a great number of the beautiful land-shells collected by Mr. Cuming, and herein-before described, the pattern, upon immer- sion in water or other fluid, becomes entirely obliterated till evapo- ration restores the colours to all their pristine brilliancy. In the species now before us, the very reverse is the result of immersion. The external whitish porous epidermis which veils the shell when dry, suffers the bright colours to shine out when immersed in water. Bul. velatus is described above, as it appears on immersion, and before it becomes dry: but in the latter state the beauties of the shell are shrouded, and the colour of the sutural bands, peeping out between interstices in the epidermis, gives to these bands a moni- liform appearance. I sent to Sir David Brewster, as the highest authority on such subjects, four or five species of those land shells from which the pattern disappears upon immersion; but I have not as yet forwarded to him any upon which the colours come out when so treated, Sir David has been so obliging as to send me the following letter, which I now lay before the Society :— 16 « Dear Sir,—I beg to return you my best thanks for the very interesting specimens of land-shells from the Philippine Islands, which you have been so kind as tosendme. The disappearance of the white pattern by immersion in water or any other evaporable fluid, and its subsequent reappearance when the shell is dry, are phenomena perfectly analogous to those of hydrophanous opal, taba- sheer, and other porous substances. «« The phenomenon in the land-shells is still more beautiful when we examine them by ¢ransmitted light. ‘The pattern which is white by reflected light, is dark by transmitted light, and vice versd. This is particularly beautiful in the Helix pulcherrima, where the ground of the white pattern is almost black by reflected light, and of a light reddish colour by transmitted light, the pattern which is white by reflection, having a dark red colour by transmitted light. «< In all these shells, the difference of structure by which the pat- tern is produced, does not exist in the shell, but in the epidermis, and hence the pattern may be wholly obliterated by removing the epidermis. It appears to me, from very careful observations, that the epidermis consists of two layers, and that it is only the upper layer which is porous wherever the pattern is white. These white or porous portions of the epidermis differ from the other parts of the upper layer only in having been deprived of, or in never having possessed, the element which gives transparency to the mem- brane, in the same manner as hydrophanous opal has become white, from the expulsion of its water of crystallization. «« When the shell is immersed in water or any other fluid, the fluid enters the pores of the white epidermis, and having néarly the same refractive power as the epidermis, no light is reflected at the sepa- rating surface of the water and the pores which contain it, so that the light passes through the membrane, which thus loses its white appearance. When the water escapes from the pores by evapora- tion, or is driven from them by heat, the membrane again reflects white light from the numerous surfaces of its pores. «« As the colouring matter resides in the shell itself, its peculiar colour is seen through the epidermis as distinctly where it is porous, as where it is not porous, when the porous portion has been ren- dered transparent by the absorption of a fluid. «< If we apply oil or varnish to the white pattern, we may oblite- rate it permanently, or we may change it into a pattern entirely dif- ferent from the original one. ‘If these observations appear to you to have any interest, you are welcome to make any use of them you please. “I am, dear Sir, ever most faithfully yours, « D. Brewster.” It will be observed, that Sir David Brewster points out how the application of oil or varnish to the white pattern may obliterate it permanently ; such a case has already happened more than once: persons who have become possessed of some of the species whose patterns are lost on immersion, not content with their natural beauties, and unaware of their peculiarity, have had recourse to art, 17 and by applying oil or varnish, have spoiled their specimens,—a proper punishment for trying to mend nature. The second paper is by G. B. Sowerby, Esq. Helix metaformis. De F. var. . It seems proper to notice the following additional varieties of this species, varieties which have been found by Mr. Cuming in the Philippine Islands, viz.— a. Shell pale yellow brown, irregularly covered with a very pale hydrophanous epidermis; circumference of the columella nearly black; one pale brown band anterior to the circumference of the shell; apex white. Found on leaves of trees near Manilla. b, Shell pale yellow brown; apex white; circumference of the columella nearly black; a pale brown band close behind the suture of the first volutions. Found on leaves of trees near Manilla. ec. Shell light brown, paler near the apex, which is reddish brown ; circumference of the columella nearly black; two narrow brown bands, one of which is placed at the cireumference of the shell, and the other close to the suture in front. Found on leaves of trees near Manilla. d. Shell light brown, with a dull hydrophanous epidermis, paler toward the apex, which is dark mahogany brown; circumference of the columella nearly black ; two broad, very dark brown bands, one of which is placed at the circumference of the shell, the other close to the suture in front. Found on leaves of trees at San Mateo, in the province of Tondo, isle of Lugon. e. Shell brown, with a lighter coloured irregular hydrophanous epidermis ; paler near the apex, which is dark brown; circumference of the columella very dark brown; two brown bands nearly similar to those in var. c. ‘This is rather a coarse variety, and appears to be a slight example of monstrous growth, its spire being rather un- usually elevated, and the volutions consequently more prominent. Found on leayes of trees near Dolores, province of Pampamga, isle of Lugon. HELIx crnciyniForMis. Hel. testd ovato-oblongd, pyramidali, tenui, levigatd, striis incrementi tenuissimis solim insculptd, apice spire obtuso ; anfractibus quinque tenuitér rotundatis ; suturd distinctéd ; aperturd obtuse subtrapezoidali, postice acuminata ; peritremate tenuiter reflexo, albo; columella rectiusculd, subincrassatd, alba. Long. 1°8; lat. 1:2 poll. Hab. Supra folia arborum ad insulam Luban, Philippinarum. Mr. Cuming has obtained three varieties of this species, viz. :— a. Colourless. 6. White, a broad nearly black belt surrounding the columella, a pale reddish brown band at the circumference of the shell, and a darker brown antesutural band articulated with white hydrophanous specks of epidermis; apex dark brown. - ce. Shell white, with a broad nearly black belt surrounding the . columella, a spiral dark brown band in the centre of the last volu- 18 tion and continuing to the apex, and an antesutural dark brown band, articulated with whitish specks of hydrophanous epidermis. Hexix tevcorua#a. Hel. testd ovato-oblongd, subpyramidali, cras- siusculd, levi, obscurd, brunned ; epidermide hydrophand pallescente induté ; apice obtuso; anfractibus sents, subrotundatis ; aperturd rotundato-subtrapeziformi, postice acuminatd, labio externo crasso, refiexo, albo, margine fusco ; columelldé subincrassatd, rectiusculd albd, antice subsinuatd. Long. 2; lat. 1:2 poll. Hab. Supra folia arborum ad montes Igorrotes insule aig Philippinarum. This species has occurred in several localities, and there are seve- ral varieties, all remarkable for a more or less russet brown hydro- phanous epidermis. ‘They are a. Shell of a nearly uniform colour, rather lighter near the suture, and very irregularly speckled with dark brown shining spots, caused by the partial abrasion of the epidermis. From the mountains of the Igorrotes, in the northern part of the island of Lugon. 6. Shell of an uniform brown, with a nearly white sutural band interrupted with brown shining spots. From the same locality. ce. Shell of a light brown colour, with a dark band surrounding the last volution. Found on leaves of trees at Sual, in the province of Pangusinan, island of Lucon. d. Shell of an uniform light brown, speckled with dark brown, and with a dark brown antecircumferential band. Found on leaves of trees at Dolores, in the province of Pampamga, isle of Lucon. e. Shell small, of an uniform brown, with a nearly white ante- sutural band, and a pale band near the circumference of the last volution. From the mountains of the Igorrotes. Ff. Shell brown, longitudinally streaked with nearly white, and having a nearly white antecircumferential band. Found on leaves of trees at Gattananga, in the province of Cagayan, island of Lucon. g- Shell of an uniform dark brown. This appears to be a dwarf variety, being much shorter in its proportions than the others. Length 1:5; breadth 1:05 of an inch. Found on leaves of trees at Sinait, in the province of South Ilocos, in the island of Lucon. 19 February 23, 1841. William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair. A letter from Capt. Belcher, R.N., dated Sincapore, October 22, 1840, was read. It announces that Capt. Belcher had forwarded for the Society’s Menagerie a specimen of the Babyroussa Hog, from the Moluccas. Mr. G. B. Sowerby’s descriptions of the shells collected by H. Cuming, Esq. were continued. Hewix cotumsBariaA. Hel. testd suborbiculari, rotundato depressa, leviusculd, fulvescente, brunneo-varie-zonatd, sepius prope suturam albido tessellatd ; spird brevi, obtusa ; anfractibus quinis plis mi- nisve rotundatis ; peripherid rotundata; aperturd transversa subauriformi ; peritremate incrassato, continuo, reflexo, subsi- nuoso, intis antice nonnunquam unidentato ; dente obtuso ; umbilico parvo, partim obtecto. Long. 0°73; lat. 1:4 poll. Obs. Testa pone aperturam sepius coarctata. Hab. Sub lapidibus et ligno putrescente apud Calauan, provincize Laguna, insule Lucon, Philippinarum. The following varieties of this interesting and elegant species have occurred to Mr. Cuming :— a. Shell somewhat striated, strize forming the lines of growth, many of those on the under side white, pale brown with brown bands (one at the periphery, one close to the suture, and one beneath). Distant, squarish, striated patches of white epidermis ornament the broad band in front of the suture: aperture white: found at Ca- lauan. 6. Shell slightly striated, striz as in the last, forming the lines of growth; ground colour pale yellowish brown, with a rather darker brown band close in front of the suture, a narrow brown band at the periphery, and a broad one beneath, where this variety is also orna- mented with brownish white mottlings: peritreme white, with a sin- gle white tooth within at the lower part. From Calauan. c. Pale brown, darker, and articulated with brownish white patches in front of the suture ; a narrow brown band at the periphery, where it is mottled with brownish white; peritreme flesh-colour, with a single white tooth within at the lower part. From Albay. d. Light brown, having a brown antesutural band, articulated with brownish white, a brown band at the circumference and a broad brown band beneath ; and brownish white mottlings spread over both these last-mentioned bands; peritreme as in the last. Found at Al- bay. 20 Herx concinna. Hel. testd oblongo-pyramidali, tenui, levigata, epidermide fuscd albido-marmoratad indutd ; spire apice obtuso ; anfractibus senis, planulatis ; suturd distinctd ; apertura rotundato- subtrapeziformi ; labio externo incrassato, tenuiter reflexo, Susco ; columella alba, subincrassatd, antice subsinuatda. Long. 1°3; lat. 0°75. Hab. Supra folia arborum ad Sanctam Jaun, provincie Cagayan Insule Lucon, Philippinarum. The ground colour of this very elegant little shell is of a dark chestnut-brown, and this is covered all over, except a small portion about the aperture, with an hydrophanous epidermis of various shades of brown, beautifully marbled with white and brownish white. Near the apex the shell is lighter coloured, but the apex itself is darkish brown. Heuix curta. Hel. testd subovatd, pyramidali, tenuiuseuld, levi- gatd, epidermide superne pallescente, subtits fusca induta ; spire apice obtuso; anfractibus subsenis, rotundatiusculis ; suturad di- stinctd ; aperturd sublunari, ad latus columelle sinuata ; labio externo reflexo, latiusculo, albo; columella obliqud, lata, antice oblique truncata, alba. Long. 1:2; lat. 0°9 poll. Hab. Supra folia arborum apud Bauang, provincie Pangusinan igsule Lucon, Philippinarum. The shell itself is of a pale yellow-brown colour, lighter at the third volution, where it begins to put on a pale tint of chestnut- brown, which becomes darker as it approaches the apex, which is brown. Hexuix Mererrix, Hel. testa suborbiculari, rotundato-depressd, crassiusculd, levi, fulvescente, brunneo-varie-zonatd, albidoque marmorata ; spira brevi, obtusa ; anfractibus quinis, subrotundatis ; peripherid rotundatd ; aperturd transversd, subauriformi ; peritre- mate incrassato, continuo, refleco, subsinuoso ; umbilico mediocri, partim obtecto. Long. 0°65; lat. 14 poll. Hab. Supra truncos arborum apud Sual, provinciz Pangusinan, insulz Lucon, Philippinarum. Shell with a low, depressed spire, of a yellow-brown colour, with three very dark brown, nearly black bands (one at the periphery, one before, and one behind it); aperture posteriorly subsinuated, white ; upper part of the shell with irregular radiating, broadish white streaks. March 9, 1841. James Whishaw, Esq., in the Chair. A paper by Dr. Richardson, on some new or little known fishes from the Australian seas, was read. The following is an abstract of this paper. 1, CuzrnopactyLus cisBosus, formd Cheilodactyli zonati, (h. e. capite brevi, ore parvulo, dentibus brevibus setaceis ; dorso gibbo, spind quartd longissimd ;) radiis pinne dorsalis articulatis radios spinosos numero plus duplo excedentibus. Rapu. P.8:VI; D. 17°36; V.1°5; A. 3°8; C. This species differs from the ordinary Cheilodactyli, and agrees with the Japanese species discovered by the naturalists who accom- panied Admiral Krusenstern, in the body being very high in the pec- toral region, and tapering away in a lengthened manner posteriorly ; in the abruptly and steeply arched form of the spinous dorsal ante- riorly, the smallness of the mouth, the slender teeth, and in horn- like protuberances on the fore-part of the orbit, and also on the tip of the snout, the latter formed by the projecting shoulders of the maxillary bones. The Japanese species named zonatus in the ‘ Hist. des Poissons,’ has only twenty-nine articulated rays in the dorsal, and differs in the distribution of its dark bands of colour, which in gibbosus run as follows:—one obliquely backwards over the eye and operculum, another over the nape and tip of the gill-flap, meeting the former at the base of the pectoral ; a third takes in the first three short dorsal spines, and tapers away on the side under the middle of the pectoral; while a fourth proceeding from a black patch which occupies the fifth and seven following spines, and keeping par- allel to the base of the dorsal, runs along the summit of the back to the tail. In zonatus there are seven or eight dark stripes running obliquely backwards. Both species appear to have spots on the tail. The description of Cheilodactylus gibbosus is drawn up from two Western Australian specimens brought home by Mr. Gould; and the fish also inhabits the seas of New Zealand, Mr. Gray having recog- nised a drawing by Parkinson of a specimen which was caught in Endeavour River, on Cook’s second voyage, as being a correct repre- sentation of this fish. (Vide Banks, Icon. ined. t. 23.) One of Mr. Gould’s specimens is deposited in the British Museum, and the other at Haslar Hospital. 2. OsTRACION LENTICULARIS, inermis, ovali-compressus, dorso ven- treque carinatis. Rapir. P. 12; D. 10; A. 10; C. 11. The discovery of this species adds another form to the genus Os- tracion, the shapes enumerated in the ‘ Régne Animal’ being trian- gular with or without spines, quadrangular with or without spines,— Nos. XCVIII., XCIX., & C.—ProcreEpinGs oF THE Zoo. Soc. 22 and compressed with a keeled belly and scattered spines. In /ent#- cularis we have a compressed form with a keeled back and belly and no spines. The compressed Ostracions with scattered spines have been characterized by Mr. Gray as a subgeneric group, under the name of Aracana, and several Van Diemen’s Land species were lately de- scribed to the Society by the author of the present paper. The Aracana Reevesii (Gray) from China differs from the Van Diemen’s Land species in having the back slightly keeled, and thus forms a transi- tion to the form of /enticularis, in which the sides are convex, the: back and belly acute, and the profile elliptical. Lenticularis, though unarmed, exhibits an analogy to the armed Aracane, in the umbones of the reticulated surface being largest where the spines would be situated, did they exist. The species is Australian, and the author expresses his obligations to Dr. Andrew Smith, of Fort Pitt, for the loan of two specimens of different ages. 3. ANGUILLA AUSTRALIS. Van Diemen’s Land Eel. ANGUILLA AUSTRALIS, mawilld inferiore longiore, pinnd dorsi supra anum incipienti, rictu magno. This is a Port Arthur freshwater species, for which the author expresses himself indebted to Mr. Lempriére. It differs from the common freshwater eels of Europe in the more posterior origin of the dorsal, as well as in the more anterior position of the vent. The pectorals are lanceolate, the vertical fins are but moderately high, and the gape extends to the posterior margin of the orbit. 4. Narcrnz Tasmantensis, dorso dipterygio, corpore late obovato ; valvuld nasali obtuse trilobatd integerrimd ; pinnd ventrali disco pectorali approvimatd. g ‘The author having but recently had an opportunity of consulting Henle’s Monograph of the genus Narcine, takes this opportunity of supplying a specific character of the Van Diemen’s Land species, which was formerly described to the Society (Zool. Proceed. for March 1840, p. 29), but which could not be distinctively character- ized from his want of knowledge of the other species. A paper by W. J. Broderip, Esq., in which the author proceeds with his descriptions of Mr. Cuming’s shells, was next read. Heurx cryprica. Hel. testd tumidd, subumbilicatd, subglobosd, anfractibus 3 subcorrugatis (ultimo long? maximo, obscure fascia- to), lineis incrementi creberrime obliqué substriatis, purpureo- brunned, epidermide sordid? brunned ; apertura subelongato-auri- culiformi, intus subargenteo-carulescente, subiridescente ; labit limbo rubro-brunneo, haud patulo, reflexo. Long. 1£; lat. 22 poll. Hab. ad Catbalonga Insule Samar sub foliis desiccatis. Mr. Cuming found this Heliz hidden under the decayed leaves of trees. The inside of the mouth has that silvery iridescence which may be observed in the tendon of a muscle in some of the mammife- rous animals, and through it may be seen the purple-brown colour of the shell, which thus puts on a subcerulescent appearance. 23 Hexix vatirans? Hel. testdé subtumidd, subcomplanatd, purpureo- rubra, anfractibus 3 lineis incrementi creberrimé striatis (ultimo longissimé maximo), epidermide sordide albente ; aperturd maxima e brunneo subalbido-iridescente, labio patulo, reflexo, rubente, albi- do interne limbato. Long. 13; lat. 23 poll. Hab. ad Gindulman Insulz Bohol sub foliis desiccatis. At first sight, this Helix, which was also found by Mr. Cuming under decayed leaves, looks a good deal like H. cryptica; but ona nearer inspection not only will a difference in form almost inde- seribable be observed, but also in the texture of the shell, which is without corrugations. The mouth too is much wider and broader, and the reflected lip much more patulous. The silvery iridescence of the mouth extends but a short distance within the aperture, but the polish is continued far in. Still it may only be a variety of H. cryptica. Hewix cretata. Hel. testd subglobosd, tumidd, anfractibus 3 (ul- timo longé maximo, fasciis et linets nigricantibus cincto), lineis in- crementi creberrime oblique striatis et lineis elevatis cinctis, brun- neo-nigricante, epidermide cretaced ; aperturd argenteo-subceru- led, labii limbo obscure rubente. Hab. ad 'Tannauan Insule Leyte foliis arborum herens. Mr. Cuming has shown me a young shell which he brought from the mountains of Tanhay in the Isle of Negros, where it was taken on the leaves of trees. I thought at first that it might be the young of Helix Harfordii, but the sculpture of the shell and the quality of the epidermis correspond so closely with those of the adult shell just described, that though there is some difficulty arising from the capture of the two shells in different islands, I am inclined to be of opinion that it is probably the young of Helix cretata. Hexrx Pan. Hel. testd globosd, subelevatd, umbilicatd, zonatd, an- Sractibus 4 (ultimo maximo) lineis incrementi minutissime oblique striatis ; columelld albidd, aperturd subrotundd, ceruleo-albente, labii limbo angusto, subreflexo. Long. 12; lat. 14, variat ad infinitum. Var. a. Albens brunneo et nigro pulcherrimé fasciata. Of the whitish class of variety (a) there are variations without end, according as the bands are more or less present or absent. In some the whitish epidermis is only relieved by a brown sutural line and a deep submedial band on the body-whorl, which is more or less interrupted and ribanded with white and light brown towards the base. Var. 6. Brunnea albido et nigricante concinné fasciata. The same may be said of this section, which varies as much as var. a. This imperfect description was drawn from six of each class ; but at least treble the number of each would be requisite to give a correct idea of the infinite variations of this beautiful species. March 23, 1841. William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair. A collection of birds from Newfoundland, presented by E. Moore, Esq., was exhibited: it consists of specimens, in different states of plumage, of the Willow Ptarmigan (Tetrao Saliceti), a specimen of the Pin-tailed Duck (Dajila caudacuta), the American Teal (Querque- dula Americana), and the Black-backed Gull (Larus marinus). 'The collection also contains a foetal Esquimaux preserved in spirit. A paper by G. B. Sowerby, Esq., was read, in which the author proceeds with his descriptions of the new species of shells collected by H. Cuming, Esq., in the Philippine Islands. The following species were described and exhibited :— Hewix matrvuewis. Hel. testd depressiusculo-subglobosd, tenuius- culd, levi, castaned, epidermide opacd, pallescente, hydrophand indutd ; spird subdepressd, anfractibus quatuor subrotundatis, ul- timo maximo, ventricoso ; suturdé distincté ; aperturd subtrape- zoidali, extiis rotundatd, intits sinum prope columellam efformante, labio externo reflexo rotundato, fusco ; columella latiusculd, declivi, anticé oblique subtruncatd. Long. 1*1; lat. 1°6 poll. Hab. supra folia arborum propé Cagayan, Provinciz Misamis, In- sule Mindanao, Philippinarum. Obs. Variat interdim spirdé minus depressd. Of this species there are two varieties in form and several in colouring. ‘The variety with a rather more than usually elevated spire very closely resembles some of the varieties of Helix Roissyana ; still it may be distinguished from that species by the much greater declivity of the columella, and its broader and less rounded outer lip. In the general arrangement of the colouring all the varieties are somewhat similar, particularly in the dark chestnut colour of the apex, which is continuous down the anterior part of the following volutions ; the upper part of the second and third volutions are lighter ; the columella is dark brown, and there is always a very light band surrounding it, which when covered with its epidermis is light yellow-brown, but when deprived of it is white; this is sur- rounded by a very dark brown band. The following are the varieties in colour, viz. a. Shell with a dark brown band at the periphery and another antesutural dark brown band; epidermis with a very pale band at the circumference. 6. Shell coloured precisely like a.: epidermis with a very dark band at the circumference. 25 c. Shell with the spire more elevated; last volutions very dark brown, with a white antesutural and another white band at the circumference. Hevix seticer. Hel. testé suborbiculari, tenui, brunned, spiré le- vatiusculd, anfractibus senis, rotundatis, angustioribus ; apertura semilunari, labio externo, tenuissimo ; epidermide setigerd, setis regulariter coordinatis. Long. 1:; lat. 1:2 poll. Hab. in ligno putrido propé St. Jaun, Provinciz Cagayan, Insul Lug¢on. Shell dark brown, with a yellowish band in front of the periphery, and a broad band of the same surrounding the columella, which is small and white and deeply placed. Hewix verutina. Hel. testd suborbiculari, subdepressd, tenui, pallide brunned, epidermide velutino indutd, anticé levi, nitidd ; spira depressd, anfractibus quinque, rotundatis ; aperturd semi- lunari, posticé rotundato-subtruncatd ; labio externo tenui 3 colu- melld parva, profundd. Long. 0°7; lat. 1-2 poll. Hab. in arboribus putridis ad Insulam Guimaras, Philippinarum. Close-set short hairs, covering the whole of the upper part of the shell and part of the lower, give it a velvety appearance and soft- ness. ‘Two varieties of this species have occurred, one of smaller size and paler colour at the Isle of Negros, and the other like the last with two brown bands at Mount Isarog. Hevix srevivens. Hel. testd suborbiculari, subdepressd, tenuius- culd, pallidé brunned, lined brunned superné circumdatd ; spird sub- planulatd, anfractibus quatuor, superné subplanulatis, ad periphe- riam rotundato-subangulatis, infra rotundatis ; apertura semiluna- ri, posticé depressd, labio externo albo, rotundato-reflexo, anticé, propé columellam unidentato, dente brevi, obtuso, albo ; umbilico parvo, labio columellari partim obtecto. Long. 0°5; lat. 0°8 poll. Hab. at Puerto-Galero. The epidermis of this species has numerous close-set, very short hairs, which renders it rather rough to the touch. Hexix gummata. 4el. testé suborbiculari, conico-subdepressd, crassiusculd, superné decussatim striatd, infra levi, nitidd, striis incrementi soliim insculptd ; spird conico-subdepressd, anfractibus senis, rotundatis, angustioribus, epidermide corneo, nitido, superneé indutis ; aperturd semilunari, labio externo tenui, propé columel- lam subincrassato ; columella profundd. Long. 0°8; lat. 1°3 poll. Hab. in ligno putrido prope Nuevam Insule Lucon, Philippinarum. The upper or posterior part of this shell is covered with a thin horny epidermis, which gives it the appearance of having had a coat of varnish or gum spread over it, whence the name. In colour its upper surface is dark brown, the circumference light yellowish 26 brown, then a band of the same colour as the upper surface, and then the lower or anterior part is of the same colour as the circumference. A variety occurs which is smaller and darker coloured, at the same time its brown band in front of the circumference is much broader. Heuix spu#rica. Hel. testd spheroidali, crassiusculd, flava, lined spirali nigro-fuscescente circumdatd ; haud nitente, spird ob- tusd, anfractibus quatuor ventricosis, ultimo maximo ; aperturd subcirculari, labio eaterno crasso, reflexo, albo, margine nigro ; columelld latd, crassa, albé margine nigricante. Long. 0°9; lat. 1:0 poll. Hab. supra folia arborum propé St. Esteven Provinciz Ilocos me- ridionalis Insule Lucgon, Philippinarum. Five varieties of this very brilliant species have occurred to Mr. Cuming; viz. a. Bright yellow with a narrow white band close to the suture in front. 6. Pale brownish yellow: in other respects the same as a. c. Bright yellow with a narrow white band close to the suture in front and a broad brown band at the circumference. d. Same as a, only having in addition pale brown irregular lon- gitudinal stripes on the last volution. e. Same as a, only having in addition bright brown irregular longitudinal stripes on the last volution ; found on the leaves of the Pandanus in the mountains of the Igorro in the north part of Lucon. Hexrx (Carocotna) semicranosa. Hel. testd suborbiculari co- nico-subdepressd, superné granulosd, subtis levi, nitidd ; spird conico-subdepressd, anfractibus senis, rotundatis, ad marginem ca- rinatis ; labio externo tenui, acuto, prope columellam crassiusculo ; umbilico minimo. : Hab. ad Insulam Luban dictam, Philippinarum. The margin of the last volution immediately in front of the keel is slightly crenulated, and of a dark brown colour: the remainder of the shell is of an uniform yellow-brown colour. April 13, 1841. William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair. The following paper, on some new genera of Birds, by Hugh E. Strickland, Esq., was read. «Tt is not without some unwillingness that I venture to point out some new generic groups of birds, because I am of opinion that the process of naming and defining new genera has been in many cases carried too far already. The class of birds probably does not contain more than 6000 species, and these have already been dis- tributed into upwards of 1000 genera, and I think therefore there can be no doubt that systematic ornithologists are now fast approach- ing the point beyond which it will not be expedient to carry the subdivision of the older groups into new genera. For we must not lose sight of the fact, that expediency or practical convenience does form an element in the construction even of a natural system. In such a system the materials which constitute any group must be na- turally allied, and they must be placed in such order as will best show their natural affinities, and yet the number of nominal genera into which such a group is to be divided may be a question of mere expediency. For the species, which are the only rea/ ingredients in a family or subfamily, often pass from one form of structure to an- other without any hiatus, so that it becomes a mere matter of opinion whether the so-called genera into which they are to be classed shall be many or few. Nature draws no line by which the rank or ex- tent of genera can be determined. As a general rule, varieties of form are considered to constitute genera, and varieties of colour, species; but this criterion is far from infallible, for we very rarely find two species, however closely allied, possessing precisely the same form and proportions, so that if every difference of structure be held to be generic, we shall end in having as many genera as there are species. Take, for instance, the two very natural groups Corvus and Parus, as now restricted; it will be found on examina- tion that there are marked differences of both structure and habits which characterize almost every one of the species. It is plain then that we have in general no other guide in the definition of new ge- nera than a mere opinion as to the amount of structural variation which is considered to authorize their adoption, and I think there can be no doubt that in many of the genera recently established in ornithology, the standard has been reduced too low; in other words, these genera are based on diversities of structure of so little value as to be practically inconvenient. All genera profess to be of equal rank, and we should therefore aim at making them as nearly so as possible, and at the same time not inconveniently numerous. No. XCIX.—Procesepines or THE ZootoGicaL Society. 28 “ Granting, however, that many of the existing genera of birds are based on insufficient characters, and may require to be reincorporated with the groups from which they have been divided, it is equally certain that other groups exist in our cabinets, whose characters, as yet undefined, are so marked, as to demand in fairness, and with the view of producing equality of rank, to be defined and named as ge- nera. A few of these groups I now bring forward, illustrated by specimens from my own cabinet, and the meeting will be able to judge how far the structures here exhibited appear to authorize generic distinction. “T also take this opportunity of exhibiting a specimen of that rare bird the Glyphorhynchus cuneatus (Licht.), afterwards named Xeno- phasia platyrhyncha by Mr. Swainson. This bird has the tail of Dendrocolaptes and the general form of Xenops, while the beak is altogether anomalous, being compressed at the sides and depressed at the apex.” Fam. SyLviaD2. Subfam. Maturinz. Genus SrHEena@acvs*, n. g. < Motacilla, Gm., < Malurus, Sw., < Sphenura, Licht. Diff. Char.—Beak much compressed ; tail cuneate. Rostrum mediocre, compressum, ad basin elevatum, culmine sub- recto, juxta apicem deorsum, gonyde pariter sursum curvato, to- mio maxillari emarginato, commissura leviter deflexd. Nares oblonge, membrana supra tect. Vibrissz nullz. Ale breves rotundate, remigibus 44, 54, 64, 74, zequalibus, primam duplo excedentibus. Cauda longiuscula, maximé cuneata, rectricibus strictis, acutis, sub- decompositis, intermediis exteriores tripld superantibus. Pedes fortes, tarsis longiusculis, acrotarsiis scutellatis, paratarsiis integris, digitis lateralibus eequalibus. Ungues modicé curvati, acuti. Ptilosis rigida, pennis subdecompositis. Habitat in Africa. Species unica, S. Africanus (Gm.), Levaill. Ois. d’Af., pl. 112. f. 2. (Sphenura tibicen, Licht.) Fam. MuscicaPipz. Subfam. Fiuviconinz. Genus Copurusf, n. g. < Platyrhynchus, Spix, < Muscipeta, Cuv. Diff. Char.—The two medial rectrices greatly prolonged. Rostrum triangulare (desuper spectanti) paulo longius quam latum, * Sov, a wedge; oiaz, a helm. + Kwzn, an oar ; ova, the tail. 29 modicé depressum. Culmen rotundatus, ad basin lenté, versus apicem citits decurvans. Nares ovate, patule. Tomia maxillaria modicé emarginata. Commissura leniter decurvata, gonys leniter ascendens. Vibrisse rictales mediocres. Ale longiuscule, remige prima breviore, 24, 34, 44, fere zqualibus. Cauda mediocris, quadrata, nisi quod maris rectrices duz intermediz graciles spathuliformes reliquas magis duplo excedunt. Tarsi mediocres, acrotarsiis paratarsiisque scutellatis. Digitus ex- ternus interno longior, ad basin paulo cum intermedio coadunatus. Ungues longiusculi, satis curvati, acuti, graciles. Habitat in America Meridionali. Species unica, C. filicaudus (Spix), Av. Braz. v. 2. pl. 14. (Mus- cicapa leucocilla, Hahn.) Obs. This bird bears much resemblance to Pzpra in the colours of its plumage and in the elongate rectrices, as Mr. Swainson has re- marked (Classif. Birds, v. ii. p.90). The depressed beak, however, rounded culmen, shorter tarsus, and slender claws, sufficiently prove its true place to be among the Flycatchers, near Alectrurus. Fam. Piprip# ? Subfam. ParDALOTINE ? Genus PrionocuHiLvus*, n. g. =< Pardalotus, Temm. Diff. Char.— Margins of the beak minutely serrated. Rostrum longiusculum, subcompressum, mandibulis subzqualibus ; culmine subcarinato, juxta basin recto, deinde usque ad apicem gradatim decurvato; commissura modice decurvata; gonyde sur- sum curvata. Maxilla haud emarginata, sed tomia mandibule utriusque per medietatem externam minutissimé serrata. Nares oblonge, membrana supra tectze. Ale mediocres, remige 14 spuria, 34, 44, et 54 subzequalibus. Cauda brevis, rectricibus zqualibus. Pedes subbreves, gressorii, acrotarsiis subscutellatis, paratarsiis in- tegris. Digitus externus interiore longior, ad medium per longi- tudinis dimidium coadunatus. Habitant in Malasia. Species: 1. P. percussus (Temm.), Pl. Col. 394.f.2. 2.P. thora- cicus (Temm.), Pl. Col. 600. f. 1, 2. 3. P. maculatus (Temm.), Pl. Col. 600. f. 3. Obs. The nearest affinity of this group is Calyptomena, Raff., to which it approaches in the structure of the beak and feet much more nearly than to Pardalotus. The serrations of the tomia appear not to have been hitherto noticed. * TIpiwy, a saw; xetAos, a lip. 50 Fam. Laniap#? Subfam. Genus Airuiors*, n. g. ? Diff. Char.— Beak subconical, slightly emarginate, dilated at the base. Rostrum subconicum, subelongatum. Maxilla ad basin paulo dila- tata, juxta apicem compressa, leviter emarginata, apice paulo de- orsum curvato, tomiis inflexis. Culmen subcarinatus, gradatim & basi ad apicem decurvatus. Nares ovate. Commissura leviter decurvata, gonys ascendens. Ale mediocres, rotundate, remige 14 spurid, 34, 44, et 54 subzequalibus. Cauda breviuscula, rotundata. Tarsi breves, acrotarsiis scutellatis, paratarsiis integris. Digiti me- diocres, medius tarsum equans, postico longior; externus inter- num paulo superans. Ungues breviusculi, modicé curvati, ad la- tera sulcati. - Habitat in Africa occidentali. Species unica. ETHIOPS CANICAPILLUS. 4th. vertice, cervice, dorsoque canescente- cinereis, verticis lateribus, uropygioque canescente-albidis. Fronte, genis, guld, partibusque inferioribus omnibus nigerrimis. Ale nigra, tectricibus minoribus omnibus, majoribusque dorso proximis macula subapicali rotundata albé. Cauda unicolor nigra, tectrici- bus superioribus nigrescente-plumbeis. Rostrum pedesque nigri. Long. tot. 5 poll. Rostrum ad rictum 7} lin., ad frontem 6 lin., latum 34 lin., altum 3 lin. Ala 2 poll. 8 lin. Rectrices medii 1 poll. 11 lin., externi 1 poll. 7 lin. Tarsus 8 lin. Digitus intermedius cum ungue 8 lin., externus 6 lin., internus 54 lin., posticus 6 lin. Hab. in insula Fernando Po. Mus. meo. Obs. This singular generic form is very difficult to classify. The beak is somewhat similar in form to that of a Tanager, but its other characters and the African habitat forbid such a collocation. ‘The beak also exhibits some resemblance to that of Artamus, but the shortness of the wings makes a marked contrast to that genus. Fam. FrINGILLIDA. Subfam. Tanacrina. Genus SrerHanoruorvsf, n. g. < Tanagra, Tem., < Pyrrhula, Vieill. Diff. Char.—Beak very short, tumid, of equal height and length. Rostrum breve, subconicum, mandibulis subzqualibus, intumidis ; culmine gradatim deorsum, gonyde sursum incurvatis; commis- sura subrecta, leviter deorsum curvati; maxilla juxta apicem ob- soletissimé emarginataé. Nares subrotunde. * Aldi op, a negro, in reference to the colour and habitat. + 2régavos, a crown; ¢épw, to bear. 31 Ale mediocres, rotundate, remigibus 34, 44 (hac longissima) et 5t4 feré eequalibus. Cauda mediocris, rectricibus subzqualibus. Pedes mediocres, acrotarsiis scutellatis, paratarsiis integris. Digitus externus interiorem paulo excedens. Ungues mediocres, leviter curvati. Ptilosis czrulescens, nitore sericeo. Vertex colore igneo insignis. Habitat in America meridionali. Species unica, S. ceruleus (Vieill.), (T. diadema, Temm.), Pl. Col. 243. Obs. The beak is more tumid and the under mandible more de- veloped in this well-marked type than in any other of the Tanagrine, and it has hence been referred to the genus Pyrrhula. The mar- ginal notch, however, together with the blue and silky plumage, and the geographical distribution, sufficiently prove the true place of this bird to be among the anagers, and in the vicinity of Tanagra, Lin. (restr.), and Calospiza, Gray (Aglaia, Sw.). Fam. Picip#. Subfam. CeLEInz. The genus Brachylophus, as defined by Mr. Swainson, includes three very distinct groups: first, the Green Woodpeckers, which had previously been named Gecinus by Boié; secondly, the crimson- winged species, miniatus, puniceus, and mentalis, to which I propose to restrict Swainson’s name Brachylophus; and thirdly, the short- thumbed Woodpeckers, which are here characterized. Genus BracHyPTERNUS"*, n. g. = Picus, Linn., < Brachylophus, Sw. Diff. Char.—Hind toe and claw very short, almost obsolete. Rostrum longitudine caput equans, apice obtusé securiformi, culmine paulatim decurvato, acie laterali nulla, commissura rectissima, go- nyde paulo ascendente. Ale mediocres, remige 14 subspuria, 44, 52 (hac omnium longissima) et 64 subzequalibus. Cauda mediocris. Tarsus mediocris. Digitus intermedius ac versatilis tarsum equipa- rantes, posticus cum ungue brevissimus, propemodum obsoletus. Ptilosis : dorsum aleeque aurantia aut rubra, facies et partes inferiores albido nigroque variegate. Habitant in India, Malasia. Species: 1. B. aurantius (Linn.), (P. bengalensis, Gm. ; P. nuchalis, Wagl.; B. hemipodius, Sw.). 2. B. goensis (Gm.), (P. peralaimus, Wagl.). 3. B. philippinarum (Lath.), (B. palalacca, Wagl.). 4. B. Wael (Wagl.). 5. B. erythronotus (Vieill.), (P. neglectus, vagl.). * Boay?ds, short; wrépva, a heel. 32 Fam. CHARADRIADZ. Subfam. CHARADRIANZ. The group of Plovers affords an instance in addition to those fur- nished by the genera Ceyz, Alcyone, Jacamaralcyon, Tiga, Tridactylia, Halodroma, and others, that the presence or absence of the hind-toe in birds becomes, under certain circumstances, a character of very small value in the natural arrangement. The fact seems to be, that when in any group the hind-toe becomes so slightly developed as to be unable to perform those functions of prehension or of progression which are its usual duties, the transition from the abortive state of this organ to its total disappearance becomes very unimportant. In the group of the Plovers too much weight has hitherto been attached to the presence or absence of the hind-toe; it has been made the groundwork of divisions into families and subfamilies, whereas the utmost value that can justly be assigned to it amounts only to that of a generic character. This is proved by the fact that the absence of the hind-toe is not coincident with the other and more extensive changes of structure in the group, so that it becomes indicative of analogy rather than of affinity, as the following table of the genera of Charadriane will show :— A. Acrotarsia reticulate, wings pointed, plumage spotted. a bree-t9ed*.) poll. Reeve, Conch. Syst. v. i. p. 180. pl. 125. f. 4. «The shell of the Lingula tumidula differs materially, both in size and composition, from that of any of the previously known species ; it is considerably larger and thinner, and rather horny than calca- reous, and the colour of it is a burnt olive-red. From the swollen appearance of the valves I am inclined to think that the shell is perfectly pliable and elastic during the life of the animal. Lineuxa compressa. Ling. testd corned, tenuissimd, valdé com- pressd, fusco-olivaced, subquadrato-ovali, versus apicem atienuatd, umbonibus depressis, indistinctis ; valvis utringue clausis. Hab. ad Palanam, ins. Masbate, Philippinarum. Long. 1,8; lat. 1); poll. ‘« This curious species was found by Mr. Cuming in sandy mud at low water at Palanas, Island of Masbate, one of the Philippines. Its shell is of the same thin horny composition as that of the Lingula tumidula; in fact I at first took it to be merely a local variety of that species. Upon comparison however I feel assured that it is di- stinct; it is more attenuated towards the apex, and from the valves being remarkably compressed and closely united all round, I am in- duced to suppose that the animal must be proportionably smaller. The two specimens from which the above description is drawn do not exhibit the pallial cilia, which Mr. Cuming’s usual care would have protected ; they may therefore not have been exserted beyond the margin of the valves. He did not succeed in obtaining the pe- dicle of this species. “Mr. Cuming exhibits on this occasion specimens of all the known Lingule from his own collection, and I am not aware that four 101 species out of the seven exist in any other. ‘They belong to a class ef mollusks of which few recent varieties are known, and may there- fore be highly esteemed for their conchological interest.” The next paper read was from Mr. G. B. Sowerby, jun., and is entitled ‘‘ Descriptions of nine species of the genus Pupina.” Gen. Purina, Vignard. Molluscum terrestre. Testa subcylindrica, vitrea, nitidissima, anfractibus quinque ad sex, penultimo inflato, ultimo paululim coarctato; apertura circulari, margine crasso, reflexo, ad basin columelle inciso, vel emargi- nato. Operculum corneum, spirale. The glassy enamel, which gives a brilliant polish to the small, terrestrial shells composing this genus, seems to distinguish them even from those species of Cyclostoma which most nearly resemble them, in having a pupiform shape, and a notch at the base of the columella. The question has been asked, ‘‘ Why not make this marginal notch the criterion of the genus?’ The answer is found in the following facts: first, the notch is found in Cyclostomata, which have no other character in common with Pupine ; second, that several Cyclostomata have a canal at the lower part of the whorl, which if continued would form a similar notch; third, that our Pupina lubrica, which could scarcely be separated from the genus, has but a very slight emargination. The first species described under this generic name was P. Ke- raudrenii, published by Vignard in the ‘ Annales des Sciences,’ 1829. Mr. Grateloup subsequently described P. Nunezii under the ge- neric name Moulinsia, neither of these naturalists heing acquainted with the operculum. All the species here described, with the exception of P. antiquata and P. Keraudrenii, were recently brought to this country by Mr. Cuming from the Philippines. * Species spira axe retrorso. Purina Nunezu. Moulinsia Nunezii, Grateloup, Ann. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, 1840. P. Nunezii, Sow. jun., Thesaurus Con- chyliorum, part 1.f. 8,9, 10,11. Published May 1842. Testa globosa, obliqua ; aperturd magnd, margine valid? expanso, reflexo, complanato, incisurd triangulari penitis diviso; labio columellari concavo : anfractu ultimo prope aperturam subcomplanato. Long. °50; lat.°35 poll. Hab. ad insulas Samar, Luzon, Catanduanus et Siquijor, Philip- pinarum. Var. a. Fusca margine flavido. Samar. Var. 6. Flavida, margine aurantiaco. Albay, ins. Luzon. Var. c. Fulva rufescens. Ins. Catanduanus. Var. d. Alba, prope aperturam purpureo-cincta, margine flavido. Ins. Leyte. More globose than any other species, the spire turned backwards, 102 the penultimate whorl elevated, the last whorl flattened in front, the incision of the peritreme deep, the columella grooved, varying in colour from bright orange to cream-white and dark brown; the margin always either orange or yellow. Found on leaves of small plants and low bushes in several of the Philippine Islands. Purina PELLUCIDA, Sow. jun., Thesaurus Conch. part 1. f. 18, 19, 20. Testa obliqua, subglobosa, pellucida, spire axe valde retrorso, anfractu penultimo elevato, ultimo complanato margine reflexo, incisurd diviso ; columelld latd convead. Long. ‘30; lat. +20 poll. Hab, ad insulas Luzon et Zebu, Philippinarum. Var. a. Fulva. Daleguete, ins. Zebu. Var. 6. Grisea fulvescens, minor. Bongabon, ins. Luzon. Smaller, more transparent, and with the spire more bent than the last ; the outer lip less expanded, the notch completely dividing the peritreme, and the columella convex. Found on small plants in woods. * * Spira pené recta. Purrna LuBRIcA, Sow. jun., Thesaurus Conch. part 1. f. 12 to 16. Testa subobliqua, cylindrica ; spird brevi obtusa, apertura rotun- datd ; margine antic? subexpanso, paululim incrassato, ad basin columelle viz emarginato ; columella callosd. Long. °35 ; lat. °25 poll. Hab. ad insulas Panay, Siquijor, et Luzon, Philippinarum. Var. a. Fulva. Ins. Panay. Var. b. Fulva, minor. Ins. Siquijor. Var. c. Alba, translucida. Ins. Siquijor. Var. d. Grisea fulvescens. Ins. Luzon. Var. e. Alba. Calauang, Laguna, ins. Luzon. In this species the notch is scarcely perceptible, and there is a rounded callosity behind the columellar lip. The inner lip is thick- ened on the body whorl. Found in dense woods on small plants. Purina virrea, Sow. jun., Thes. Conch. part 1. f.6,7. TT. sub- elongata, recta, anfractibus subrotundatis, margine expanso,reflexo, complanato, incisurd diviso. Long. °50; lat. *25 poll. Hab. Ins. Mindinao et Luzon, Philippinarum. Var. a. Fulva, margine luteo. Albay, ins. Luzon. Var... Fulva, margine aurantiaco. Cagayan, pr. Misamis, ins. Mindinao. The spire is straight and elevated, gradually tapering towards the obtuse apex; the peritreme is expanded and flattened, the notch deep. Purina siMiLis, Sow. jun., Thes. Conch. part 1. f. 4,5. Testa fulva, subelongata, recta, anfractibus subrotundatis, margine pal- lide fulvo, expanso, reflexo, rotundato, crasso, incisurd usque ad dorsum diviso. Long. 45; lat. -26 poll. 103 Hab. Bolino, provinciam Zambales, ins. Luzon. Resembling P. vitrea, but the margin not flattened, and the notch so deep that it is seen at the back of the shell. Found on leaves of bushes and trunks of trees in the island of Luzon. Purina rxicua, Sow. jun., Thes. Conch. f. 17. Testa parva, translucida, alba, cylindrica ; anfractu penultimo inflato ; mar- gine aperture paululim incrassato, incisurd diviso. Long. ‘26; lat. 16 poll. Hab. St. Nicholas, ins. Zebu, Philippinarum. This small, transparent white species has the margin very little thickened, and the notch deep. Found on small plants. * ** Spira recta, apertura bicanaliculata. Purina HumiLis, Jaquenot, Sow. jun., Thes. Conch. part 1. f. 2. Testa ovalis, solida, pallide lutea, anfractibus subrotundatis, ulti- mo prope aperturam paululim complanato ; aperturd rotundatd, margine crasso, expanso, reflexo; labio interno crasso, postice pli- cato; columella crassd, latd, tortuosd, reflexd ; incisurd ad dorsum lata. Long. ‘60; lat. °40 poll. Hab. ? Mus. Cuming. This being a dead shell has lost the brilliancy of the enamel. The teeth or folds at the posterior part of the inner and outer lips form a very distinct canal. The columella is tortuous and turned back- wards, and the notch is seen at the back like the canal of a Buc- cinum. Purina Keravprentt, Vignard, Sow. jun.,’Uhes. Conch. part 1. i ee Testa parva, cylindrica, griseo-rufescens ; spird obtusd rectd ; aperturd parvd, margine incisurd diviso ; labio externo leviter incrassato, postice subplicato ; labio interno plicato. Long. *30 ; lat. °15 poll. Hab. Manilla and Singapore ? Mus. Stainforth, Sowerby. A pupiform species with a posterior canal. Purina BICANALICULATA, Sow. jun., Thes. Conch. part 1. fig. 1. Testa parva, ovalis, alba, translucida ; anfractibus ventricosis ; apertura magnd, margine subexpanso, subincrassato, ad basin columelle inciso ; labio interno postice plicato. Long. *26; lat. -16 poll. Hab. St. Nicholas, ins. Zebu, Philippinarum. This species differs from P. Keraudrenii in shape, being more ven- tricose, having a tapering spire, and a very strong fold on the inner lip. Found on small plants in the island of Zebu. The following paper, entitled ‘‘Descriptions of four species of the genus Chiton, brought by H. Cuming, Esq. from the Philippine Islands,” also by Mr. G. B. Sowerby, jun., was then read :— Cuiton putcuerrimus. Ch. Testd ovali, angulatd, ad dorsum ele- vatd, pallide subviridi, fasciis binis rubris distantibus dorsalibus, 104 maculis rubris dorsalibus et lateralibus nonnullas intus viridi ; areis centralibus longitudinaliter foveolatim sulcatis ; areis lateralibus prominentibus, utrinque granulatim tricostatis ; areis terminalibus costis moniliformibus numerosis radiatis ; margine minute squa- moso, maculis rubris fasciato. Long. °95 ; lat.°55 poll. Hab. Gindulman, ins. Bohol, Philippinarum. H. Cuming legit. The few specimens of this shell which have been brought in fine condition present an appearance cf exquisite finish and great beauty, both in sculpture and colouring. They were found in the crevices of rocks at low water. Cuiton LaqueEatus. Ch. tesid ovata, depressd, granulatd, pallideé Sulvad vel viridescente, purpureo et viridi maculata ; costd dorsali purpured, sublevi ; valvd prima costis quinque laqueatd ; valvis medianis unicostatis ad laiera quadratis ; valva ultima valde de- pressd, margine lato, irregulariter rugoso, rubro, viridi, alboque maculato. Vuriat testa angustiore, margine rosed. Long. *55 ; lat. °45 poll. Hab. Calapan, ins. Mindoro, Philippinarum. H. Cuming legit. Remarkable for the character of the first valve, which is broadly fluted by five radiating ribs. The four or five central valves, in several specimens, are nearly covered by a dark purple colour, the two last patched with green, and the first nearly white, but subject to some variations. Found in coarse sand among small stones at a depth of nine fathoms. Cuiton Fioccatus. Ch. testd ovali depressd, anticé ungustatd, pallide fulvd ; nigro, fusco, viridi, roseoque maculatd: valvis terminalibus radiatim sulcatis, valvis medianis utringue unicos- tatis, areis centralibus longitudinaliter sulcatis ; areis lateralibus granulatis, marginibus serratis ; valvd terminali obtuse elevatd ; margine rubro vel fusco, maculis et punctis albis fasciato. Long. °80; lat. -45 poll. Hab. Cagayan, Misamis, ins. Mindinao, Philippinarum. H. Cu- ming legit. This species is found at Mindinao, under stones at low water, and at Calapan on small stones, at a depth of fifteen fathoms. The mar- gin is sprinkled with white patches resembling flakes of snow, on a reddish brown ground. : Cuiton Luzonicus. Ch. testd ovali, angulatd, stramined, viridi longitudinaliter strigatd: valvarum areis terminalibus et latera- libus radiatim granulatis ; areis centraiibus acuté longitudinaliter sulcatis, margine sublevi. Long. °35 ; lat.°20 poll. Hab. Sorsogon, pr. Albay, ins. Luzon, Philippinarum. H. Cu- ming legit. This small and apparently insignificant shell is very sharply ribbed in the central areas, and presents a very nicely sculptured surface when viewed through a magnifying glass. The specimens were taken on dead shells at a depth of fifteen fathoms. 105 Mr. Waterhouse laid before the Meeting his descriptions of nume- rous species of Coleopterous insects from the southern parts of South America, which had been placed in his hands for that purpose by H. Cuming, Esq. and C. Darwin, Esq. Those from Mr. Cuming formed part of a collection made by Mr. Thomas Bridges, who ex- pressed a wish that the specimens should be laid before the Zoolo- gical Society. Unfortunately, the exact localities of the insects are not mentioned in Mr. Bridges’s notes, but there is reason to believe they were collected in the neighbourhood of Petorca. The species described belong to the genera Nyctelia and Listroderes, or are nearly allied to those two groups. Section HETEROMERA. Family Nycrexip2. Genus Nycreia. Species from the collection of Thomas Bridges, Esq. Nycrezia L&yis. Nyct. atra, nitida ; capite anticé punctis sparsis notato ; thorace mediocriter convexo, latiore plusquam longo, parte anticd angustiore, ad latera modicé rotundato, margine anteriore, pilis brevibus flavescentibus fimbriato, angulis et anticis et posticis productis et subacutis, dorso punctis parvulis dispersis: elytris levibus convevis, brevibus, ovatis, apice producto et subacuto ; ca- rind laterali crenulatd ; segmentis abdominalibus rugis irregula- ribus longitudinaliter impressis. Long. corp. 113 lin. ; lat. 62; lat. thoracis, 42; long. ib. 23. Black and glossy ; general form ovate ; thorax and elytra convex above, and presenting no distinct sculpturing. Head with scattered punctures in front, smooth behind. Thorax with very fine scattered punctures, and these most numerous on the fore part: parallel with, and at a short distance from the lateral margins of the thorax is an indistinct line on each side, formed by the somewhat abrupt termi- nation of the convex discoidal portion at this part ; the space between this line and the outer margin is nearly plane, and presents a few indistinct irregular ruge, having a tendency to a transverse dispo- sition. The thorax is broader than long, the width to the length bearing very nearly the proportion of 8 to 5; the middle of the thorax and hindermost part are about equal in width, but from the middle to the front the width gradually decreases ; in front it is emarginated, and the anterior margin is furnished with a fringe of short, dense, yellowish hairs; the posterior margin presents an undulating line, encroaching on the body of the thorax on each side about midway between the mesial line and the posterior angle, which is produced. The elytra are very convex, and nearly of an ovate form; they are widest in the middle, and the apical portion is produced ; the lateral keel (which forms the outer boundary of each elytron, viewing the insect from above) is not very prominent, and is indistinctly crenu- lated : this ridge does not extend to the apex of the elytron, but ter- minates about two and a half lines from that point: between the 106 apex and the terminal point of the keel is an oblique ridge: the su- tural portion of the elytra is distinctly indented near the scutellum, and less distinctly so at other parts. 'The mentum is coarsely punc- tured: the prosternum and mesosternum are coarsely punctured in the middle, and the punctures are confluent: the metasternum has small and somewhat irregular longitudinal ruge in the middle, and similar ruge are observable on the first, second, and anterior half of the third abdominal segments. The legs are black, but the tip of the femora and base of the tibiz are pitchy. Very many specimens of this species were sent to this country by Mr. Bridges, and as I have reason to believe they will be distributed in most of the public and private entomological collections, I shall regard it as a type for comparison in describing some other species of the same genus. NycTELIA L&VIS, var. RUFIPES. Many specimens of a Nyctelia agreeing with the N. levis, but differing in having the legs and an- tenne of a pitchy red colour, were contained in Mr. Bridges’s collec- tion. Of these red-legged specimens, as well as of those having the legs concolorous with the body, there are males and females ; but the red-legged specimens are generally rather narrower, and often have a slight trace of transverse depressions on the outer side of the elytra ; the difference of form and sculpturing, however, is not constantly combined with the red colouring of the legs and antenne, and as in some other species of Nyctelia and. Epipedonota I have found a similar difference in the colouring of the legs, &c., I cannot regard that character as specific. NYcTELIA TRANSVERSO-sULCATA. Nyct.atra, nitida ; capite antice sparsim punctato : elytris vix dupld latioribus quam longis, antice potiusquam postice angustioribus, angulis productis, subacutis : elytris mediocriter convexis, brevibus, ovatis, apice producto, sulcis haud ad medium attingentibus, profundis et levitér undulatis, trans- versim insculptis ; segmentis abdominalibus fere levibus. Long. corp. 9 lin.; lat. 54. This species is smaller than the N. Jevis, and the thorax and elytra are less convex. ‘The head has a few scattered punctures in front, and numerous very fine punctures on the hinder part, near the eyes; the remaining portions are smooth. ~The thorax is im- punctate, but little convex above, and has two indistinct fovez on each side near the posterior angles, and joining the hinder margin. The elytra are ovate and slightly convex ; the apical portion is pro- duced, and has the outer margin slightly reflected : the lateral keel of the elytra is very prominent, and distinctly crenulated : extending inwards from this keel, to about the middle of the elytron, are a series of transverse and slightly irregular grooves, about fourteen in num- ber, on each elytron; the length of these grooves (the interstices of which are convex) varies so, that they all terminate nearly at the same distance from the suture. On the space between these trans- verse sulci and the suture are two longitudinal striz, which are some- what indistinct, and interrupted in parts, excepting on the apical 107 portion of the elytron, where the innermost of the two striz is well marked, and the suture of the elytra is at this part somewhat ele- vated. Numerous oblique furrows are observable on the produced apical portion of the elytra. The portion of the elytra which lies below the keel presents no distinct sculpturing. ‘The abdominal segment presents scarcely any trace of longitudinal ruge. The legs are black, but have a slightly pitchy hue. Species of Nyctelia from the collection formed by C. Darwin, Esq., during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. Nycrezia pricata. Nyct. ovata, nigra, nitida; capite anteriore crebre punctato, posteriore fere levi; thorace transverso, elytris angustiore ; angulis posticis productis, obtusis, supra ad medium pauld convexo, et crebré punctato ; elytris latis, subovatis, convezis, sulcis profundis transversalibus, a margine externo feré ad sutu- ram ductis, plagd suturali profunde indentatd. Long. corp. (¢) 138 lin.; lat. 74; vel, long. 114 lin., lat. 64 lin. Long. corp. (2) 122 lin., lat. 73 lin. Hab. Port Desire. This species is considerably larger than N. /evis; the thorax is proportionately broader and shorter, and the produced apical portion of the elytra is dilated and depressed. The head is thickly punc- tured in front, and there are numerous punctures at the sides above and behind the eyes. The thorax is about twice as broad as long; the broadest part is behind, but till anterior to the middle it scarcely decreases in width ; from the middle to the fore-part the transverse diameter is gradually lessened, so that the lateral margins form a gentle curve ; the anterior portion is emarginated, and the posterior margin is rather strongly sinuated; the anterior angles are acute, and the posterior angles are rounded. The upper surface of the thorax is convex in the middle, but towards the sides it is slightly concave; it is thickly punctured, and the punctures are many of them confluent; on the disc the punctures are much less numerous. The elytra are about one-fourth broader than the thorax (rather less in the male sex), and about one-fourth longer than broad; they are very convex, indented at the suture, and furnished with a series of nearly transverse indentations, about eighteen or twenty in number, which commence at the lateral keel and terminate about one-eighth of an inch short of the suture; the space between these transverse folds and the suture is apparently smooth; but with a moderately strong lens some very minute tubercles may be observed scattered on this part, as well as on the interspaces of the transverse indenta- tions, which are about equal in width to the grooves: the apical portion of the elytra is considerably produced, and the produced part is broad and somewhat depressed, and has the upper surface rugose. The mentum is coarsely punctured, and the under side of the head is thickly punctured : the prosternum is coarsely punctured in the mid- dle, and has some irregular ruge at the sides; at the lateral margin is a series of small transverse ruge : the mesosternum and metaster- num have irregular rugz in the middle, and the two first and half of 108 the third abdominal segments have small irregular longitudinal ruge ; the remaining two abdominal segments are finely punctured. Nycretia Sourert. Nyct. ovata, nigra, nitida ; capite antice punc- tato, postice levi; thorace transverso, elytris angustiore ; angulis posticis productis, supra apud medium pauld convexo, et levi ; ely- tris antice apud plagam suturalem leviter impressis, et sulcis transversis paulo irregularibus a margine laterali fere ad suturam ductis. Long. corp. 11? lin. ; lat. 62 lin. Hab. Patagonia. This species resembles the N. plicata, but differs in having the thorax smooth; the elytra are rather narrower, and the apical pro- duced part is shorter and broader; they are scarcely indented at the suture, excepting in a slight degree towards the scutellum; the transverse folds are less regular, often dividing into two branches, and approach more near to the suture. A transverse section of the elytra of N. plicata would present a convex upper surface near the suture, but at the part where the grooves commence the line would be straight (though sloping downwards to the lateral keel), or even slightly concave; whilst in N. Soliert a similar section would present an even convex curve. Scattered punctures are ob- servable on the fore-part of the head, and a shallow transverse de- pression is situated between the eyes; the thorax is nearly twice as broad as long, convex in the middle, but slightly concave towards the lateral margins: with a moderately strong lens some minute punctures are visible, rather thinly scattered over the surface. The elytra are ovate, the length to the width bearing about the propor- tion of 7 to 9. Nycrezia Darwinit. Nyct. brevitér ovata, conveva, nigra, nitida ; capite subpunctato ; thorace pauld ad partem anteriorem quam posticam angustiore, levi, convexo ; elytris subrotundatis, valde convexis, levibus, marginibus lateralibus crenulatis. Long. corp. 112 lin.; lat. 8 lin. ; vel, long. 11 lin. ; lat. 73 lin. Hab. Port Desire. This species is remarkable for its broad and very convex form and deficiency of sculpturing, having the upper surface of the thorax and elytra smooth and glossy. The head is finely punctured : the thorax is twice as broad as long, and convex; a groove runs parallel with and close to the lateral margins, and a similar groove is observable on the anterior margin, though here it is less strongly marked. Elytra rather more than one-third broader than the thorax, and the length and breadth are very nearly equal, if we exclude the produced apical portion, which is broad, depressed, and nearly of a semicircular form. The lateral keel is distinctly crenulated, and separated by an adpressed line. The underside of the thoracic segments are ru- gose in the middle, and the first and second abdominal segments have irregular longitudinal ruge ; the third segment presents a faint trace of similar ruge at the base ; the other segments are smooth. 109 The spines at the apex of the posterior tibize are longer than usual in the genus. Nyctelia Darwinii, var.? minor (long. corp. 82; lat. 63); elytris rotundatis apice pauld producto et angustiore. Hab. Port Desire. Nycrevia FitzRoy, Curtis, MSS. Nyct. subrotunda, convexa, nigra, nitida; capite utrinque punctis paucis adsperso ; thorace levi, convexo, antice latiore, angulis posticis acutis ; elytris rotun- datis, ad apicem productis, convexis, levibus, margine externo crenulato ; antennis pedibusque piceo-rubris. Long. corp. 104 lin. ; lat. 8 lin. Hab. Port Desire. This species was first discovered by Capt. King, and will be here- after described in detail by Mr. Curtis, whose MS. name I have adopted. Two specimens were found by Mr. Darwin at Port Desire : it approaches very near in size and general characters to N. Darwinii, but differs in having red legs and antenne, in being of a broader form, in having the legs less rough, the lateral keel of the elytra less prominent, and not so distinctly crenulated, and the spurs or spines at the apex of the posterior tibiz are much smaller. The length of the elytra is rather less than the width, if the produced apical portion be omitted; and if included in the measurement, the length very slightly exceeds the width; they are very convex and smooth, and so is the thorax, which is twice as broad as long, and considerably narrower before than behind. ‘The head is sparingly punctured. Nycreta GranuLata, Curtis, MSS. Nyct. atra, nitida, subro- tundata ; capite transversim impresso, anticé punctato ; thorace sub- quadrato, ad latera crenulato, supra convexo, levi; elytris rotun- datis, apice pauld productis, supra convexis, ad suturam depressis, rugis validis et irregularibus obsitis, his in dorso plerumque lon- gitudinalibus et prope latera oblique dispositis. Long. corp. 8+ lin. ; lat. 6 lin. Hab. Cape Negro. This, together with several nearly allied and very remarkable spe- cies of Nyctelia, occurs in Capt. King’s collection, and will be here- after characterized in detail by Mr. Curtis. The specimen from which the above short description is taken forms part of Mr. Darwin’s collection, and was found at Cape Negro. The legs are very rough, being thickly covered with tubercles, and they are shorter than in most of the species of Nyctelia. The whole upper surface of the elytra is covered with rugz, and these are very strongly marked, and though very irregular, they have a general longitudinal direction on the depressed space on the middle of the elytra. This sutural de- pression, which is about two lines in width, is bounded on each side by a broad and slightly elevated ridge; between this ridge and the outer margin the rugz have a tendency to form oblique lines. A few fine punctures are observable on the fore-part of the thorax, and on the sides are two grooves placed closely together, and parallel 110 with and near the lateral margin; the narrow ridge between the two grooves, as well as the marginal ridge, is crenulated. Nycretia PuncTicoLuis. Nyct. ovata, atra, nitida ; thorace di- stincté et crebré punctato ; elytris tuberculis minutis, et ad latera rugis transversis irregularitér impressis, his non forte distinetis. Long. corp. 93 lin. ; lat. 6 lin. Hab. Bahia Blanca. This species is rather smaller than the N. Zevis, and has the tho- rax and elytra less convex. The head is rather thickly and coarsely punctured, excepting on the vertex. The thorax is thickly and coarsely punctured, and the punctures are for the most part con- fluent ; a distinctly impressed line runs parallel with and close to the margins; the lateral margins are obscurely crenulated. ‘The elytra are of a broad ovate form, and the apical produced portion is convex and rounded at the apex. ‘The lateral keel of the elytra is distinctly crenulated, and transverse shallow furrows run inwards from this margin, leaving interspaces rather broader than the furrows, which, for the most part, are about a line, or rather less, in length. On the interspaces between the furrows, and the whole upper surface of the elytra, are very minute scattered tubercles; these are very indistinct towards the suture, near which are one or two very faint strie. The labrum is coarsely punctured, and the underside of the head is also punctured. ‘The under surface of the prothorax is covered with small tubercles, from each of which springs a hair; between the legs, the under side of the prothorax and mesothorax is coarsely punctured. The first, second and third of the abdominal segments are covered with distinct longitudinal rug, and the apical segments are punctured beneath. Several specimens of this species were collected at Bahia Blanca by Mr. Darwin, who says they are ‘tolerably abundant on sand- hillocks.’. A Nyctelia in Mr. Darwin’s collection, from Rio Negro, resembles the present species, excepting that it has pitchy red legs and antenne. Nycrenia sussutcatTa. Nyct. ovata, atra; thorace transverso distincté punctato ; elytris rugis tuberculisque minutissimis ; sulcis transversis aliquanto irregularibus ad latera insculptis. Long. thoracis elytrorumque, 94 lin. ; lat. 52 lin. Hab. Mendoza. This species is very closely allied to the N. puncticollis, and it is with considerable hesitation that I venture to describe it as distinct, more especially as Mr. Darwin’s collection contains but one speci- men, and that has lost its head and legs; this specimen, however, differs considerably in form from any of the numerous examples of N. puncticollis which I have before me. The thorax is narrower and less thickly punctured; the elytra are more elongated, and the lateral transverse grooves are more distinct and regular. The thorax is transverse, and the length is equal to rather more than half the width; the middle and hinder parts are very nearly equal in width, and the anterior portion is contracted ; the surface is 111 distinctly punctured, and there are two irregular fovez on each side of the middle, rather nearer to the mesial line than the outer margin. The elytra are one-fourth longer than broad ; the apical portion is moderately produced and somewhat pointed: the whole upper sur- face of the elytra is covered with very minute ruge, and there are moreover some minute tubercles; on the outer half of each elytron is a series of transverse furrows, with convex interspaces equal in width to the furrows. Nycrexia Saunpersu. Nyct. atra, oblongo-ovata, nitida ; thorace punctato ; elytris sulcis transversis pauld irregularibus a margine laterali usque ad medium ductis. Long. corp. 74 lin. ; lat. 4 lin. Hab. Bahia Blanca. Head distinctly punctured in front. Thorax rather coarsely punc- tured, excepting on the disc, which is almost impunctate ; emargi- nated in front, the emarginated portion in the form of a segment of a circle; the lateral margin slightly rounded. The hinder part of the thorax and the middle are equal in width ; the fore-part is shghtly contracted. The elytra are ovate, and but little convex ; they are depressed at the suture, most distinctly so near the scutellum. The lateral keel is very prominent, and extending from this keel to the middle of the elytron are distinct transverse furrows, the interspaces of which are convex, and about equal in width to the grooves. The apical portion of the elytra is moderately produced. The three basal segments of the abdomen, as well as the metasternum, are covered with slightly irregular longitudinal ruge: the terminal segment is punctured. The prosternum and mesosternum are coarsely punc- tured, and the punctures are confluent. This is a small species compared with N. Jevis (being about the size of N. nodosa) ; its form is more elongated and much less convex. The lateral margins of the thorax form an even curve from the front to the back. The specimens from which the above description is drawn up were found by Mr. Darwin in the month of September, on the sandy plains of Bahia Blanca. Nycrewia rugosa. Nyct. nigra, opaca, ovata; thorace distinct? punctato ; elytris valde rugosis, sulcis duobus, suturam prope, lon- gitudinalibus et interruptis, impressis. Long. corp. 73; lat. 43. Hab. San Blas (near Rio Negro) and Bahia Blanca. This, which is a small species compared with N. levis, approaches that species in general form, but the thorax and elytra are less con- vex. The head is coarsely punctured in front. The thorax is coarsely punctured, and the punctures are numerous, excepting on the disc : a groove runs parallel with and close to the margins, but at the posterior margin it is interrupted in the middle. The elytra are convex, and of a short ovate form, and the apical portion is but little produced ; their width is about one-fifth less than the length: the whole upper surface is covered with coarse and very irregular ruge. " YY2 Four somewhat interrupted and irregular striz run parallel with and near the suture, and there are two abbreviated oblique striz near the scutellum. Besides the ordinary ruge of the elytra, there are more marked ruge, which, though very irregular, have a tendency to a transverse disposition, and these cover the outer half of each elytron. The prothorax is punctured beneath and rugose between the legs, as well as the mesosternum and metasternum. ‘The three basal seg- ments of the abdomen are covered with fine but distinct rugz, and though these rugz, for the most part, have a longitudinal direction, they are much more irregular than in most species of the genus. The two terminal segments are punctured, but in the penultimate segment the punctures are very few in number, and confined to the sides. The spines at the apex of the anterior tibize are more slender and proportionately longer than in N. /evis. Besides the two specimens, one from Bahia Blanca and the other rather further south (San Blas), Mr. Darwin’s collection contains a specimen from Tierra del Fuego which is smaller (length 62 lin., width 32 lines) and proportionately narrower; but these differences are combined with a greater length of tarsus, and are precisely such differences as exist between the sexes of other species; in fact, it is no doubt the male of the insect from which the above description is taken. Nycrevia Westwooprt. Nyct. brevitér ovata, nitida, atra ; capite subpunctato ; thorace transverso, postice pauld latiore quam antice, leviter convexo, levi, margine laterali imperspicue crenulato ; ely- tris ovatis, profunde striatis, interstitiis convewis, striis utrinque _ad suturam duabus longitudinalibus, striis reliquis obliquis. Long. corp. 74 lin. ; lat. 43 lin. Hab. Port Desire. Head with a few punctures in front. Thorax convex, about twice as broad as long, with the middle and hinder parts about equal in width, and the fore-part contracted; the anterior part emarginated, the emarginated portion in the form of a segment of a circle; the hinder margin but slightly waved; a distinct groove runs close to the anterior and lateral margins, which latter are crenulated. Elytra short and rounded ; the length and width equal, if the produced apical portion be omitted in the measurement; the apex is moderately produced : the whole surface of the elytra is covered with deep strie, leaving convex interspaces which are scarcely broader than the grooves; on each side of, and parallel with the suture, are two of these striz; the remaining grooves are oblique, and for the most part converge towards the apical portion of the elytra: on the sides of the elytra, and more especially towards the apex, the grooves have a tendency to a transverse disposition. The mentum is very coarsely punctured, and there are some distinct punctures on the sides of the head beneath. The prothorax presents a few large scattered punc- tures beneath, some short irregular (but for the most part transverse) ruge at the lateral margin, and some longitudinal ruge near the base of the legs; between the legs the prosternum has some confluent 113 punctures; the mesosternum and metasternum have irregular ruge, and the three first abdominal segments have minute longitudinal furrows; the penultimate segment is smooth, and the apical one is finely punctured, but the punctures are by no means numerous. The legs and antenne are rather shorter than usual in the genus. Nycrerra Sreruensi. Nyct. atra, nitida, levis ; thorace subqua- drato; elytris rotundato-ovatis, convexis, carind laterali promi- nenti et crenulttd ; elytrorum apicibus productis latis et subcom- planatis. Long. corp. 7 lin. ; lat. 43 lin. Hab. St. Cruz. Head with scattered punctures in front. Thorax transverse, the width being rather less than double the length ; the upper surface is but little convex; the anterior and posterior margins are nearly straight, but the anterior angles are produced and the posterior an- gles are slightly produced. The width of the fore and hind parts of the thorax is nearly equal, it being but slightly narrower in front, and the sides deviate but little from a straight line; a faint dorsal channel is observable, and a groove runs parallel with and close to the lateral and anterior margins. With the assistance of a strong lens, minute punctures may be observed scattered over the upper surface of the thorax, and some minute tubercles on the under. The elytra are convex, and of a short rounded form, the width and length being very nearly equal, if we do not include the produced apical portion, which is more dilated than in most of the genus, and is nearly flat. A groove runs close to and parallel with the lateral keel, both above and below, and this keel is distinctly crenulated. The upper surface of the elytra presents numerous indistinct and very shallow fovez. The abdominal segments are almost smooth. The legs are proportionately rather longer than in N. levis. Mr. Darwin found this species at St. Cruz in the month of April. Nycrezia Newrortu. Nyct. elongato-ovata, nigra, nitida ; capite transverse impresso ; thorace lato plus quam longo, lateribus rotun- datis; antice et postice latitudine compari; superne minime convexo, impunctato, ad latera rugis parvulis obliquis ; elytris ovatis, levi- . bus, plagd suturali valdé impressis, marginibus lateralibus crenu- dati. Hab. Patagonia. Long. corp. 10 lin.; lat. 6 lin. ‘ This species is rather smaller than N. levis, and differs moreover in being of a more eiongated form, and most especially in the form of the thorax, which is narrower and nearly equal in width, in front and behind : the apical portion of the elytra is much less produced, and the produced portion is broader. The head is sparingly punc- tured at the sides, and has a curved impression, the chord of which is rather in front of the insertion of the antenne. The thorax nearly one-third broader than long (taking the length from the anterior and posterior angles); it is broadest in the middle, and a trifle nar- 114 rower in front than behind ; the lateral margins form an even curve ; the anterior part is emarginated, the emarginated portion being in the form of a segment of a circle, and a little less than a semicircle : the anterior angles acute, and the posterior angles form very nearly right angles: the hinder margin of the thorax is nearly straight, but the line descends slightly towards the angles. The surface of the thorax is very little convex, and almost impunctate, there being but a few scattered very minute punctures ; on the sides, running inwards and upwards, are a series of minute grooves, like scratches, and on the hinder margin a faint trace of very short longitudinal grooves is visible. The elytra are ovate, convex, smooth, and glossy; the region of the suture is broadly and rather deeply depressed; the lateral keel is prominent and distinctly crenulated, and joining this keel are a series of shortish transverse furrows. ‘The under sur- face of the body and thoracic segments is remarkable for the almost total want of sculpturing, if we except some longitudinal furrows on the under side of the prothorax at the sides. The exact habitat of the specimen from which the above descrip- tion is taken is not known, but in Mr. Darwin’s collection is a spe- cimen which I am inclined to regard as specifically identical, and which is from St. Julian. It has the elytra proportionately rather broader and the thorax narrower, and the short longitudinal furrows on the hinder margin of the thorax are distinct ; the sutural portion of the elytra is less depressed. Nycretia Guerinu. Nyct. atra, nitida, ovata ; capite transversim impresso ; thorace subquadrato in medio pauld dilatato, antice emarginato, postice fere recto ; ad marginem lateralem sulcis mi- nutis valde obliquis insculpto ; elytris ovatis, convexis, ad apicem pauld productis, ad latera rugis transversis in seriebus tribus dispositis. Long. corp. 95 lin.; lat. 53 lin. Hab. St. Cruz. Rather smaller than N. levis. Head with small punctures very thinly scattered over the upper surface, and with a transverse im- pression rather in front of the line of the eyes. Thorax subqua- drate, the breadth not quite equal to twice the length; the emar- ginated portion in front in the form of a segment of a circle; the hinder margin nearly straight; the posterior angles scarcely pro- duced, and forming nearly right angles; the anterior angles acute. ‘The thorax is contracted in front, broadest in the middle, and the lateral margin from the middle to the posterior angles forms nearly a Straight line: on the hinder part of the upper surface are some extremely minute punctures, and at the sides are some small ob- lique grooves. ‘The elytra are ovate and moderately convex, and the apical portion is but little produced; the region of the suture is very slightly indented: the sides of the elytra are covered with transverse grooves having narrow convex interspaces ; these grooves extend inwards to about the middle of each elytron, and are arranged in three series, being divided by two longitudinal lines ; the innermost 115 series is indistinct: the lateral keel is distinctly crenulated. The mentum is distinctly punctured ; the prosternum, as well as the other thoracic segments, and the abdominal segments, have the usual sculpturing, but it is less strong than usual. It is with some hesitation that I name this insect, since it ap- proaches very near to the N. Newportii; it differs, however, in ha- ving the thorax smaller and proportionately narrower, the elytra less convex, and furnished at the sides with three rows of transverse impressions instead of one; the region of the suture is less depressed. NYcTELIA SULCICOLLIS. Nyct. ovata, atra; thorace transverso, ad latera rotundato, antice angustiore, sulcis minutis longitudinalitér impresso ; elytris crebré punctatis (punctis confluentibus), tuber- culisque minutis instructis : capite, thorace elytrorumque lateribus pilis vestitis, pedibusque etiam pilis instructis. Long. corp. 84 lin.; lat. 53 lin. Hab. St. Cruz. ‘ Much smaller than N. /evis, and of a shorter and more rounded form. The upper surface of the head is very thickly punctured throughout, and the punctures run into each other so as to form irregular ruge. The thorax is twice as broad as long, and has a deep and almost semicircular emargination in front; the anterior angles are acute, and the posterior angles are obtuse, and not produced as in many species of the genus, the hinder margin of the thorax pre- senting a nearly straight, or but very slightly waved line: the broadest part of the thorax is near the posterior angles, the narrow- est part is in front, and the lateral margins are rounded in sucha manner that the thorax might almost be described as semicircular, and having the fore-part emarginated. The whole upper surface of the thorax is covered with small but distinct grooves, leaving convex ridges between them about equal in width to the grooves; these furrows are longitudinal in their direction, or very nearly so, except- ing in the fore-part, where they diverge from the mesial line and run up to the anterior margin, and at the sides of the thorax, where the grooves are irregular, but have a tendency to a transverse dispo- sition. The under side of the thorax presents similar longitudinal grooves, excepting in the middle, where it is rugosely punctured ; scattered hairs cover this under surface of the thorax; and towards the lateral margin the hairs, which are moderately long, are much more numerous and form a projecting fringe, which is visible when the insect is viewed from above. The elytra are of a short ovate form, about one-fourth broader than the thorax, and scarcely one- fifth longer than broad ; the apical portion is but little produced: the upper surface is convex, and is thickly covered with small con- fluent punctures, amongst which minute tubercles are scattered; towards the lateral keel, which is very little prominent, the tubercles are distinct. The sculpturing of the portion of the elytra beneath the keel resembles that above it, but here the tubercles give origin to small hairs*. The meso- and metasternum present irregular ruge. ' * Probably similar hairs originally sprang from the tubercles on the upper surface, but have been worn off. 116 On the first and basal half of the second abdominal segments are distinct longitudinal rugz, and a slight trace of similar rugz is ob- served at the base of the third segment ; on other parts of these seg- ments are some minute scattered punctures. The terminal segment is rather thickly though finely punctured. The legs are clothed with longish ash-coloured hairs. Nyctelia nodosa, Latr. Zophosis nodosa, Germar ? Five specimens of this species are contained in the collection of Mr. Darwin, and these are from three different localities, viz. Mal- donado (La Plata), Bahia Blanca, and Mendoza. Nycrezia aneustata. Nyct. atra, elongata, nitida; capite distincté punctato et tranversim impresso ; antennis piceis ; thorace subqua- drato, lateribus feré rectis, antice emarginato, supra punctis mi- nutissimis ; elytris subelongatis, et cum thorace quoad latitudinem fere coequalibus, costis aliquantd irregularibus subelevatis inter- stitits rugulosis, ad latera plicis transversalibus. Long. corp. 74 lin.; lat. 32 lin. Hab. Patagonia? The specimen from which the above characters are taken is a male, and by accident its label, containing the habitat, is lost; it is most probably from Patagonia. In general appearance the N. an- gustata greatly resembles the N. nodosa, but it differs in being of a narrower form, and in having the terminal joints (the fifth to the tenth inclusive) broader; the anterior tibie are also broader and rather shorter, and the thorax is longer in proportion to the width. The head is distinctly and very thickly punctured in front. The thorax approaches to a quadrate form, but is slightly narrower in front than behind ; the lateral margins form a very slight curve, and in fact are nearly straight ; in front it is emarginated, and the emar- ginated portion is in the form of a segment of a circle; the hinder margin is but little waved; the anterior angles are acute, and the posterior angles are slightly produced and rounded at the point; a faint impressed line borders the anterior and lateral margins: the upper surface is but little convex and finely punctured, but on the disc the punctures are scarcely traceable: the length of the thorax is about equal to three-fifths of the width, whereas in N. nodosa the length is about equal to half the width. ‘The elytra are very little broader than the thorax, being scarcely dilated in the middle, and are about one-third longer than broad; they have interrupted and somewhat irregular longitudinal grooves or striz, and the jnter- spaces are convex; the third and fifth most distinctly so: the strie and interspaces on the lateral half of each elytron have distinct irre- gular ruge, the largest of which are for the most part transverse in direction: the legs are long; the claws are of a pitchy colour. The fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth joints of the antenne are some- what compressed, broader than long, and produced in front so as to present nearly a triangular form; the ninth and tenth are still broad, but of a somewhat rounded form. % 117 / rm Genus Epirgponota. Erireponota nugosa. pip. atra, opaca: capite rugoso ; thorace lato plusquam longo, postice angustiore, depresso superne: rugis valde irregularibus, illis apud marginem eateriorem plerimque lon- gitudinalibus, illis apud discum feré transversis, et utringue costd majore sublongitudinali definitis ; elytris subovatis undatim rugis pleriimque transversis, et utringue costd apud discum valdé ele- vatd, deindé alterd minus elevatd inter illam et carinam lateralem. Long. corp. 83 lin.; lat. 33 lin. ; vel, long. 114; lat. 53. Hab. Petorca? The whole upper surface of this insect is covered with well-marked irregular ruge ; these are for the most part longitudinal in their di- rection: on the clypeus, and there is a transverse indentation marking the posterior boundary of this part: a little behind the line of the eyes is a somewhat irregular transverse ridge, and in the middle, be- tween this ridge and the transverse groove just mentioned, is a short longitudinal ridge. The labrum is rugosely punctured. The thorax is very nearly twice as broad as long; its anterior and posterior margins are nearly straight, excepting near the lateral angles, which are produced. Besides the ordinary ruge on the thorax, there are two large longitudinal and slightly curved ridges, situated one on each side, nearly midway between the mesial line and the outer margin; and on each elytron is a strongly elevated costa or ridge, extending from the base very nearly to the apex, and running nearly parallel with the lateral keel of the elytron, on the mesial line of which they are placed. The spaces between these coste is some- what concave, and so is the interstice of the costa and the lateral keel of the elytron, which is crenulated or irregularly indented. ‘The mentum is very coarsely punctured, and the punctures are confluent. The under side of the head is punctured, and there are numerous coarse punctures on the prosternum between the legs. The basal segments of the abdomen have small longitudinal sulci beneath. Besides the great difference in size and form indicated by the di- mensions, there occurs sometimes a difference in the sculpturing of the thorax and elytra, which I could scarcely have believed to exist in the same species had I not had an opportunity of examining many specimens. .In a specimen before me, the ruge on the head, tho- rax and elytra are much less distinct than in the individuals from which the above description is taken ; and this is combined with a convexity of the elytra (which are almost always concave between the two dorsal coste and also between these coste and the lateral keel), giving a very different aspect to the specimen under consi- deration. In having the thorax distinctly contracted behind, and in the more truly moniliform structure of the antennz, the present imsect ap- proaches more nearly to Callyntra than to Epipedonota, but the ter- minal joint of the antenne is decidedly smaller than the rest. I have before me specimens of the Callyntra multicostata and Call. vicina (which I scarcely think a distinct species), and do not find so marked 118 a difference in the size of the terminal joint of the antenne as com- pared with the penultimate joint, as that represented by M. Solier’s figure—indeed the penultimate joint and terminal appear to me to be equal in size, or most nearly so. Eripeponora aFFinis. Hpip. atra, nitida: capite anticé punctis spar- sis, et postice rugis transversis undulatis, notato ; thorace latiore quam longo, ad medium depresso, rugis vel plicis fere longitudina- libus, ad latera transversis notato ; elytris thorace latioribus, prope suturam fere levibus, singulorum dimidio externo sulcis transversis, his costd longitudinali, in duas series divisis ; prosterno sulcis distinctis longitudinalibus ; segmentis abdominalibus leviter longi- tudinali-sulcatis. Long. corp. 9} lin. ; lat. 54 lin. Hab. Petorca? This species is of a shorter and broader form than Epip. ebenina, the furrows on the thorax are smaller and more numerous, and the elytra present but one distinct costa besides the lateral keel, the ridge corresponding to that nearest the suture in EL. ebenina, being here ob- literated, or very nearly so. The head presents some scattered punctures in front, and, gene- rally, there are some waved transverse impressions towards the hinder part, leaving narrow ridges between them. The thorax is twice as broad as long, has the sides distinctly rounded, the fore-part emar- ginated in the form of a segment of a circle; the anterior angles are acute, and there is a small indentation in the outer margin close to the angle; the posterior margin is nearly straight in the middle, but the angles are produced: the upper_part of the thorax presents a slightly concave surface, and is covered with small sulci; those in the middle are oblique, converging to or towards the hinder part of the mesial line ; about midway between this line and the outer margin they become longitudinal in their direction, and a space bordering the lateral margin is covered with oblique but nearly transverse narrow grooves and ridges. The width of the elytra, compared with that of the thorax, is nearly as seven to five, and the elytra are about one-fourth longer than broad, or rather less; the dorsal surface is plane and almost destitute of sculpturing; on the sides are two series of transverse furrows, which are separated by a strong costal ridge; the innermost of these two series of transverse grooves is ob- literated towards the base and apex of the elytron, but in the middle they are strongly marked, as are also the transverse grooves between the costal ridge and the lateral keel : on the apical half of each elytron a faint trace of the costa, corresponding to the innermost one in EZ. ebenina, is observable. Numerous specimens of this new species were contained in Mr. Bridges’s collection. Epipedonota ebenina, Solier. Nyctelia ebenina, Auct. Four specimens of this species were brought by Mr. Darwin from Mendoza; two of these are females, and present a character I have not before observed in the species, viz. some zigzag white lines at a heel 119 the apex of the elytra; these lines are observable in the grooves be- tween the costz: in one specimen there are three of the white lines on each elytron, corresponding with the number of interspaces of the cost ; they are interrupted, and form dots as they recede from the apex of the elytron. In the other specimen there are but two of these lines visible. Epipedonota erythropus, Solier. Nyctelia erythropus, Auct. Mr. Darwin also found this species (if it be really distinct from ebenina) at Mendoza. Eprreponora BonariEnsis. Epip. atra, nitida; thorace supra irre- gulariter et longitudinaliter multiplicato, ad latera crenato ; ely- tris utringue costis duabus elevatis, et sulcis transversalibus ordine triplict. Long. corp. 11} lin.; lat. 52 lin.; vel, long. 92 lin.; lat. 5 lin. Hab. Monte Video and Bahia Blanca. The species nearly resembles the H. ebenina, but differs in being larger and proportionately broader ; as in H. ebenina, each elytron has two longitudinal elevated cost besides the lateral keel; but the interspaces of all the costa, are indented with transverse furrows, whereas in J. ebenina only the two outermost interspaces have these furrows, and here they are much less strongly marked. The lateral keel in #. ebenina presents a nearly even line, but in #. Bonariensis the keel is distinctly indented ; the sulci on the thorax are less strongly marked and more numerous. Seven specimens of this species occur in Mr. Darwin’s collec- tion. Errpeponota tata. LEpip.atra, nitida, lata ; capite punctis disper- sis antice, apud medium sulco transverso, et postice sulcis paucis obliquis ; thorace sulcis, his obliquis, illis apud medium longitudi- nalibus, illis margini proximis transversis, insculpto ; elytris con- vexis costis latis pauld elevatis posticé subobliteratis, spatio inter costam secundam et carinam externam, sulcis profundis transversis notato. Long. corp. 93 lin. ; lat. 6 lin.; vel, long. 82 lin. ; lat. 5 lin. Hab. Port Desire. This species is larger and proportionally much broader than LZ. ebenina. ‘The thorax, in proportion to the size of the insect, is much broader than in any other species of Hpipedonota here described, the width being nearly equal to two-thirds of the length of the elytra; whereas in Z. affinis, which I have described as a shorter and broader species than EZ. ebenina, the width of the thorax is scarcely more than equal to half the length of the elytra. The head is punctured in front and has some waved transverse grooves and ridges between the eyes. The thorax is about twice as broad as long, emarginated in front nearly in the form of a segment of a circle ; the lateral margins are rounded; it is widest a little behind the middle and narrowest in front ; the anterior and posterior angles are acute ; the upper surface is nearly flat, but the lateral margins are slightly reflected ; the anterior mesial portion is a little convex, and 120 the posterior mesial portion is sometimes slightly concave ; the whole surface is covered with narrow grooves and ridges ; those on the dor- sal part of the thorax are longitudinal but slightly irregular, towards the sides they are oblique, diverging slightly behind, and a broadish space at the sides is covered with sub-transverse grooves, these being directed inwards and slightly upwards from the lateral margin. The width of the elytra, as compared with the length, is as 4 to 5; their upper surface is convex, excepting at the base, where they are somewhat depressed: on each elytron are three longitudinal narrow grooves, these are distinct and wavy at the base of the elytra; the first groove, or that nearest the suture, is obliterated on the hinder half of the elytron ; the second is continued nearly to the apex, but from the base it becomes gradually less distinct ; the third extends to the apex, and forms as it were the outer boundary to the convex portion of the elytra for the space between the last-mentioned line and the lateral keel, which is nearly equal in width to one-third of that of the elytron, is nearly flat, or even slightly concave in the males; on this space is a series of deep transverse indentations, lea- ving convex interstices of a width corresponding to that of the grooves. The two interspaces between the first, second and third striz of each elytron are very broad and slightly convex; and on the second ox outermost of these interspaces are a few oblique furrows, which are not very distinct, and for the most part rather widely separated. Be- sides the longitudinal striz mentioned, there are some others, but these are short and confined to the base of the elytra; in the males about five or six longitudinal grooves may be seen at the base of each elytron, and all of these grooves are more or less wavy. ‘The sides of the prosternum present distinct longitudinal sulci, and narrow longitudinal sulci are observable on the abdominal segments. Three specimens of this new species were brought from Port De- sire by Mr. Darwin. Genus Cattyntra, Solier. Callyntra vicina, Solier. One specimen of this species was brought from Valparaiso by Mr. Darwin. Genus Crrostena, Solier. Crrostena puNcTULATA. Cer. atra, elongato-ovata ; capite crebre punctato et transversim impresso ; thorace transverso, antice pro- Sunde emarginato, supra fere plano, punctato ; marginibus latera- libus reflexis, disco foveis duabus impresso; elytris oblongo-ovatis, pauld convexis, supra punctulatis, singulis costis duabus dorsali- bus subobliteratis ; carind laterali pauld prominente. Long. corp. 8? lin. ; lat. 43 ln. Hab. St. Cruz. In general appearance the present species resembles the Blaps ob- tusa, but the thorax is much shorter and the body more depressed. On the hinder part and sides of the elytra is an ashy pubescence, and I think it probable that small hairs have originally been scat- tered over the whole upper part of the elytra and have been rubbed off the most exposed parts. On the under side of the head and body 121 small hairs are also perceptible in the less exposed parts. The pro- sternum is very rugose beneath on the fore-part, and has distinct longitudinal furrows at the sides, as has also the mesothorax; the abdominal segments are thickly punctured, and there are longitudi- nal ruge on the basal segments. The legs and tarsi are moderately well clothed with small yellowish hairs. Unfortunately the antenne are not perfect in the only specimen which Mr. Darwin brought home of this species; in the characters afforded by other parts, however, it agrees with M. Solier’s genus Cerostena: the absence of sulci on the upper surface of the thorax would serve to distinguish it from the species of that genus hitherto described. Psectrascelis pilipes, Solier. Nyctelia pilipes, Guerin. Numerous specimens of this species were brought from Coquimbo by Mr. Dar- win. Entomoderes Erebi, Solier. Mr. Darwin’s colleetion contains one specimen of this curious insect, and this was found at Mendoza. Mr. Waterhouse next proceeded to characterize the following new species of Curculionide from the collections of Mr. Darwin and Mr. Bridges. Divisio CLEONIDES, Schoenherr. Genus ListropEREs, Scho. ListropEREs suBcosratus. Lisir. niger, opacus, fusco-squamosus ; . antennis piceis ; rostro brevi, carinato ; thorace punctatissimo, sub- quadrato, postice angustiore, setis fuscescentibus instructo ; elytris punctato-striatis, fusco-setosis, interstitiis alternatis subelevatis. Long. corp. et rostri, 6 lin. ; lat. 2} lin.; long. 43, lat. 2 lin. Hab. Valleys of Petorca. Rostrum about half as long again as the head, with three costz above, the central one but little developed, and the lateral costz in- distinct ; the space between the costz finely rugose; the whole sur- face of the rostrum covered with distinct yellowish hairs. Head thickly punctured, the punctures confluent, and with an impressed point between the eyes. Thorax about one-third broader than long, emarginated in front, nearly straight behind, but slightly indented in the middle; the broadest part of the thorax is about the anterior third; from this point it is contracted in width, both before and be- hind, in nearly equal proportions; the upper surface is nearly flat, and very thickly and distinctly punctured; the punctures more or less confluent ; a faint dorsal ridge is sometimes perceptible; small spiny semierect hairs cover the thorax ; elytra moderately long, with the humeral angles forming right angles; the apex rounded, the width about one-fourth greater than that of the thorax; the upper surface moderately convex, covered with brown scales, and having interspersed erect spiny hairs ; punctate-striated, the interstices very finely shagreened; the third, fifth, and the seventh from the suture, raised; a few black spots are irregularly scattered over the elytra, 122 and in some specimens are some whitish spots arranged in lines on the apical portion of the elytra. From the collection of Mr. Bridges. LisrropERES PILosus. Listr. niger, opacus, setosus, fusco-squa- mosus ; antennis tarsisque fuscescentibus ; rostro indistinctissime carinato ; thorace crebré punctato, subquadrato, lateribus subro- tundatis ; elytris punctato-striatis. Capite, thorace, elytrisque squamis fuscis atque nigrescentibus dense tectis. * Long. corp. et rostri, 34 lin. ; lat. 1} lin. Hab. Valleys of Petorca. About equal in size to Sitona fusca. Rostrum a trifle longer than the head, slightly rugose, and with a very indistinct longitudinal carina. Head thickly punctured, the punctures confluent, and an impressed line between the eyes. Thorax subquadrate, and some- what depressed ; very thickly, but not coarsely punctured, the punc- tures confluent ; the width greater than the length; the sides nearly straight and parallel, excepting near the base and apex of the thorax, where the width is gradually contracted. Elytra but little wider than the thorax, somewhat convex and elongated ; the humeral angles rounded, and the apical portion rather attenuated, but with the tip rounded ; the sides subparallel ; punctate-striated ; the punctures, of moderate size, are rather close together ; the interstices of the strize nearly flat, and apparently slightly rugose. The sculpturing of the rostrum, head, thorax and elytra is with difficulty examined, all these parts being densely clothed with scales ; these are chiefly of a brown colour, but in parts they are of a blackish hue. On the thorax is an indistinct dusky line in the middle, and one or two dusky patches at the sides ; the elytra are variegated with deep and pale brown. From the collection of Mr. Bridges. Listroderes costirostris, Scho. Several specimens of this species are contained in Mr. Darwin’s collection, having been collected at Maldonado; and there are, moreover, specimens collected at Co- quimbo which present no distinguishing character, excepting in being of a larger size, viz. total length 54 lines, width 2} lin. ; those from Maldonado being 43 lines in length and 12 in width. ListRoDERES roBustus. Listr. breviter ovatus, niger, opacus, Susco-squamosus, setosus ; antennis fuscescentibus ; rostro longi- usculo, carinato, pilis minutis decumbentibus tecto ; thorace crebreé punctulato, brevi, vittd albd ornato, lateribus subrotundatis ; elytris breviter ovatis, punctato-striatis, fascid albescente, ad latera inter- ruptd, ornatis, singulaitm tuberculo subapicali instructis. Long. corp. et rostri, 43 lin. ; lat. 23 lin. Hab. Coquimbo. In size and form this species may be compared to the Phytonomus punctatus. Rostrum about twice as long as the head, covered with minute decumbent brownish hairs, and with a longitudinal carina. Thorax rather broader than long, very suddenly contracted in front, and broadest near the fore-part ; the sides slightly rounded, or nearly 123 straight; the posterior angles rounded, and the posterior margin in- distinctly produced in the middle ; the surface very thickly punctured and covered with pale brownish scales, and having interspersed mi- nute hairs ; in parts the scales assume a deeper hue, and in the middle is a whitish line. Elytra about one-third broader than the thorax, convex, and of a short ovate form ; punctate-striated ; the interstices obscurely punctured, and slightly convex; they are covered with brownish scales, and have interspersed minute pale hairs; rather behind the middle is a broadish curved mark, which is obliterated on the sides of the elytra; and towards the apex is a small angular tu- bercle. From the collection of Mr. Darwin. Listroperes apicauis. Listr. squamosus, fusco-albescens ; an- tennis piceis ; rostro carind longitudinali fuscd ; capite notis dua- bus fuscis antic? convergentibus ; thorace antic? quam posticé la- _tiore, ad latera fer? recto, antice foved incurvatd, lined albd lon- gitudinali ; elytris thorace duplo latioribus, punctato-striatis ; sin- gulis notd nigrescente obliqud, ad apicem albescente, tuberculo di- stincto subapicali. Long. corp. et rostri, 3; lat. 13 lin. Hab. Monte Video. This species is considerably less than the L. costirostris, being about equal in size to the Phytonomus rumicis. The rostrum is rather slen- der, nearly twice as long as the head, covered with minute decum- bent hairs, which are of a whitish brown colour; in the middle is a longitudinal carma. The thorax is broader than long; the broadest part is considerably in front of the middle ; in front it becomes some- what suddenly contracted ; the sides of the thorax converge from near the anterior part towards the base, and are nearly parallel; the pos- terior margin is slightly rounded, being produced in the middle ; the hinder angles are obtuse; the upper surface of the thorax is nearly plane, presenting scarcely any convexity, and in the fore-part is a curved impression, the extremities of which lead up to the anterior angles; it is densely clothed with scales, and these are of a very pale brownish colour; in parts the scales are of a deep brown co- lour, and in the middle is a longitudinal line, formed of whitish scales; besides the scales are some very minute, semierect, scattered dusky hairs; the sculpturing cannot well be seen, owing to the cover - ing of scales, but the thorax appears to be very thickly though not coarsely punctured. The elytra are oblong, about one-third broader than the thorax; the humeral angles are prominent and rounded; the sides nearly straight, and the apex rounded; the surface is con- vex, but somewhat depressed at the basal portion of the elytra ; punc- tate-striated; covered with pale brownish scales, having moreover some very minute scattered spines; the third and fifth interstices of the strize on each elytron are slightly raised ; rather behind the middle is an oblique deep brown patch, behind which the scales are white, or nearly so ; a distinct angular tubercle is observable on each elytron, at a short distance from the apex. The legs and antennz are brown, 124 and covered with minute palish hairs; near the apex of each of the femora is a whitish ring. In the collection of Mr. Bridges are several species of Curculionide closely allied to Listroderes, but differing in having the antennz more slender and elongated; the club is very long, distinctiy jointed, and very slightly incrassated ; the legs are longer, and the body is covered with minute hairs, or hair-like scales, whilst all the species of Listro- deres examined by me have the body distinctly clothed with scales. Moreover, in none of the insects under consideration do I find the tubercles on the apical portion of the elytra, which are so common in the Listroderes. Such differences, though readily seen, it is impossi- ble to express by a generic term. I have determined to designate this new genus by the name Apioristus*, nov. gen. Antenne longe, tenues; scapus ad apicem subincrassatus ; articuli funiculi obconici, 1° longo ; clava elongata distincté triarticulata. Rostrum capite feré duplo longius, crassiusculum, subarcuatum, ver- sus apicem incrassatum, supra carinatum : mandibule tenues paulo elongatz. Ocult subovati, subdepressi. Thorax transversus, pone oculos lobatus, supra subdepressus. Elytra elongato-ovata, convexa,-ad apicem rotundata. Tarsi elongati, subtenues, subtis spongiosi. Apioristus punctuLatus. Ad. niger, fusco-pilosus ; antennis, tibiis tarsisque piceis ; rostro brevi, crasso, carinato ; thorace punctulato, brevi subquadrato, anticé angustiori, postice utringue subemargi- nato ; elytris oblongo-ovatis, convexis, punctato-striatis, interstitiis alternatis maculis parvulis nigris atque albescentibus ornatis. Long. corp. et rostri, 64 — 82 lin.; lat. 25 — 32 lin. Hab. Valleys of Petorca. The whole insect is covered with minute decumbent hairs, and these are of an ashy-brown colour. ‘The rostrum is stout, con- siderably dilated at the apex, and about twice as long as the head; rugose, and has fine longitudinal keels on the upper surface, of which the central one is most strongly developed, and the one next it on each side indistinct. The head is convex above, and thickly punc- tured. The thorax is about one-third broader than long; the an- terior margin is straight, and the lateral margins are very nearly straight; the anterior part is rather narrower than the hinder part ; the hinder margin is in the form of a segment of a circle, beg produced in the middle, and joins the lateral margin so as to form a somewhat salient but obtuse angle; the upper surface is but very slightly convex, and thickly and distinctly punctured.. The elytra are convex, and of an elongate-ovate form, and scarcely one-third broader than the thorax; the upper surface is densely clothed with minute hairs; punctate-striated, the punctures not very large, and distinctly separated ; the interstices are plane, or indistinctly convex, * From eddies toc, undefined, &e. 125 and are very finely punctured. On each stria is a series of small black and whitish spots, and these most of them are oblong. Apioristus ancustatus. Ad. niger, fusco-pilosus ; antennis, tibiis tarsisque fuscescentibus ; rostro brevi, crasso, carinato ; thorace punctulato ad latera et posticé subrotundato ; elytris thorace pauld latioribus, elongatis, subovatis, punctato-striatis, maculis parvulis nigris ornatis. Long. corp. et rostri, 54 lin.; lat. 2 lin. Hab. Valleys of Petorca. This species closely resembles the last in many respects, and espe- cially in its colouring, and in being covered with minute ashy-brown decumbent hairs, but it is of a narrower and more elongated form, and of a much smaller size. The rostrum is about half as long again as the head, rugose, and has three parallel keels on the upper surface, of which the central one is the most prominent. The head is thickly punctured. The thorax is scarcely one-third broader than long, slightly emarginated in front; the sides are nearly straight and parallel, but near the anterior part they gradually converge, so as slightly to contract the width of the thorax at this part; about the posterior third of the thorax the sides also converge towards the posterior margin, so that the thorax may be described as obliquely truncated on each side be- hind: the posterior margin is straight; the upper surface is nearly flat, and thickly and distinctly punctured. The elytra are moderately convex and of an elongated ovate form, and about half as broad again as the thorax; punctate-striated, the punctures of moderate size and distinctly separated, excepting on the hinder part of the elytra; they are densely clothed with decumbent ashy-brown hairs, and on each stria is a series of oblong blackish spots ; the interstices are very delicately but thickly punctured. Aproristus conspersus. Ad. niger, subopacus, fusco-pilosus ; an- tennis tarsisque fuscescentibus ; rostro brevi, crasso, carinato ; thorace punctatissimo, subquadrato, postice pauld angustiore, modice convexo, lateribus subrotundatis ; elytris quoad latitudinem thorace Sere coequalibus, lateribus subparallelis, punctato-striatis, intersti- tits planis. Long. corp. et rostri, 5$ lin. ; lat. 21 lin. Hab. Valleys of Petorca. : Rostrum about half as long again as the head, much dilated at the apex, with three distinct carine, and the two outer carinz converging slightly towards the base of the rostrum; between the carine are minute longitudinal ruge, but these are hidden by the numerous small brownish hairs which cover this and other parts of the insect. The head is thickly punctured, and there is a minute oblong depres- sion between the eyes. The thorax is subquadrate, about one-fourth broader than long; the anterior margin is straight; the sides are slightly rounded, but nearly straight towards the hinder part of the thorax ; the greatest width is at the anterior third; the posterior 126 margin is straight, and the posterior angles are very nearly right angles; the upper surface is nearly flat, being but very slightly con- vex, and thickly but rather finely punctured. The elytra are mode- rately elongated, but little broader than the thorax, and moderately convex above; the sides are nearly parallel, being very little dilated in the middle; the apical portion is rounded; they are punctate-stri- ated, and the interstices are finely punctured; a series of small blackish spots is observable on each of the striz ; on other parts the very minute hairs which cover the elytra are brownish. ApIorisTuUs SIMPLEX. Ad. piceo-niger, pilis fuscescentibus tectus ; antennis piceis ;*rostro brevi, carinato, ad basin transversim im- presso; thorace rugoso-punctato, subcylindraceo, lateribus pauld rotundatis ; elytris oblongo-ovatis, punctato-striatis, punctis ali- quantd profundis, interstitiis fere planis et punctulatis. Long. corp. et rostri, 33 lin.; lat. 12 lin. Hab. Valleys of Petorca. A small species, about equal in size to Phyllobius alneti. The rostrum short and stout, being but little longer than the head, is furnished with a central carina and a carina on each side, which is less distinct, and the space between these ridges has longitudinal ruge, which are partially hidden by the scattered hairs which cover this and all other parts of the body. The head is thickly punctured, and the punctures are confluent; a small oblong impression is ob- servable between the eyes, and in front of the eyes is a transverse depression, separating, as it were, the rostrum from the head. The thorax is nearly cylindrical, broader than long, and slightly nar- rower behind than near the fore-part; the anterior and posterior margins are straight ; the upper surface is thickly and rather coarsely punctured, and the punctures are many of them confluent. The elytra are of an elongated ovate form, convex, somewhat attenuated, but rounded at the apex; punctate-striated, the punctures mode- rately large and rather deep, and nearly joining each other; the interspaces between the striz are nearly plane, indistinctly punc- tured in parts and slightly rugose; the minute but somewhat spiny hairs which cover the elytra are not sufficiently abundant to hide the sculpturing, and are semi-erect. A species of the present genus is contained in Mr. Darwin’s col- lection, which differs from either of the above: it is almost destitute of the small hairs which give the brownish colouring to the other species here described. Aproristus suBDENuUDATUS. Ad. oblongus, niger, pilis minutissimis atque squamulis albescentibus adspersus ; antennis tarsisque fus- cescentibus ; rostro carinato, punctulato ; capite inter oculos trans- versim impresso, crebré punctulato ; thorace subcylindraceo in medium pauld dilatato, punctis minutis impresso ; elytris oblongo- ovatis, punctato-striatis, interstitiis pauld conveais, obsolete punc- tulatis. Long. corp. et rostri, 6} lin.; lat. 23 lin. Hab. Mendoza. 127 This insect is intermediate in size between the Ad. punctulatus and Ad. angustatus, and is readily distinguished from either of the species here described by its denuded appearance; the scales and hairs, which are sparingly scattered over the body, only become visi- ble with the assistance of a moderately strong lens. The rostrum is about twice as long as the head, very thickly though finely punctured, and the punctures are confluent; in the middle is a distinct carina. The head is separated from the rostrum by a transverse and somewhat shallow depression, and in the middle of this depression is a small fovea: the upper surface of the head, as well as the thorax, is very thickly and finely punctured, and the punctures are confluent. The thorax is rather broader than long, subcylindrical, truncated before and behind; the upper surface is slightly convex, and the sides are somewhat rounded, being slightly dilated a little in front of the middle. The elytra are of an elongate- oval form, moderately convex, somewhat attenuated at the apex, but with that part rounded; they are distinctly punctate-striated ; the punctures are arranged closely together, and the interstices of the striz are narrow, slightly convex, and very delicately punctured. Cylydrorhinus dngulatus.—Under this name M. Guerin-Meneville describes, in the ‘ Revue Zoologique’ (No. 7, 1841, p. 217), a species of Curculio, from Port Famine, which I am inclined to regard as specifically identical with specimens brought by Mr. Darwin from St. Cruz and St. Julian. M. Guerin states that the elytra are covered above with large deep punctures arranged in longitudinal strie, at the base of each of which is a very small tubercle, and which are united together by an indistinct transverse impression. In the specimens brought by Mr. Darwin, the elytra are deeply punctate-striate at the base, but from the base towards the apex the punctures gradually decrease in size; the minute tubercles are situ- ated on the anterior margin of each puncture, and in addition to the strie of punctures, the elytra are for the most part covered with somewhat irregular transverse rugz; these are most distinct on the sides of the elytra (or rather what appears to be the side, for the elytra are strongly keeled at some little distance from the lateral margin, so that that part is hidden as we view the insect from above), less distinct on the apical portion, and do not extend to the disc. The apical portion of each elytron is slightly produced, and the elytra appear as it were terminated by a tubercle; near the apex, on each side, is another tubercle. The thorax has a distinct fovea on each side, in the middle and near the lateral margin. The size of the specimens from Port St. Cruz varies from length 9} lin., width 44 lin., to length 72 lin., width 32 lin. _ A specimen from St. Julian differs in being considerably smaller and more deeply sculptured, and in having a small patch of white scales near the apex of the elytra; the interstice between the fourth and fifth striz is somewhat raised. Length 7 lines. In the collection is a specimen, without label, which agrees with this variety, as I presume it is. Length 6} lines. 128 Two out of three specimens from St. Cruz have pitchy red colour legs ; in the third the legs are black. The specimen from St. Julian has also black legs. Mr. Darwin found this Curculio “‘ lying dead by thousands on all parts of the plains at St. Julian, both far in the interior and near the coast.” December 28, 1841. No Meeting took place. INDEX. The names of New Species and of Species newly characterized are printed in Roman Characters: those of Species previously known, but respecting which novel informa- are made, in CAPITALS. , Page Accipiter fringillarius, Ray «+++++-+- 6 Adioristus, n. g., Waterh. .....++0+.-+ 124 Adioristus angustatus, Waterh....... 125 conspersus, WVaterh....... 125 punctulatus, Waterh. ... 124 simplex, Waterh. .....+-.- 126 subdenudatus, Waterh. . 126 ABthiops, n, g., Strickl. ..+......00+ eee AAthiops canicapillus, Strickl. ...... 30 Agelaius Chopi, Vieill. ....+++++-++++ 94 Agriornis leucurus, Gould ....+.+++++- 94 Alcedo Bengalensis, Gmel. ......+++++ a eee SMYFNENSIS .....0+4+ ae ee gees = AO torquata, Act. ...+..+s+eere 94 Anguilla Australis, Rich. ......+++++ 22 AnseR GAamBENSIS, Auct. ......+ a). 40 Antilope Ogilbyi, Waterh, ............ 97 Saigd, Pall. .eseeceeereeseere a5 40 Apteryx Australis, Shaw ......+0.-- 70 Aquila Bonelli, Gould.....+...+++++++ gas Aracana Reevesii, Gray ....00..e0e0e0. 22 Ardea cinerea, Lath. ......+++. seneaies 7 Ascomys Mexicanus, Licht. ......++. 60 Athene cuculoides, Gould ......+++ ene: Aulacodus Swinderianus, Temm. ... 97 Bassaris astuta, Licht............. 44 Bassaris astuta, Licht. ........+ee0.0 60 Bucco grandis, Linn. ......cceee 6 Bulinus Alberti, Brod. .........+00++- 35 flavescens, Brod. ....++...+0 15 maculiferus, Brod. ......... 14 Onyx, Brod. ..scescreecesesees 34 relatus, Brod. ape 44 DENGO, PBVUM caus cases cap ettemne 44 Familiaris, Auct. .....+.-000 9, 44 BUMVUS, MOCSWIs -ctassecndvandy 44 LAGOPUS, Linn, ........-+00- «. 44 DUPUS;sPAUIMs so .ncpatte esse pices 4t MESOMELAS, Schreb........0. 44 VURPES PUAN ch nace epscecaes 44 Caprimulgus bifasciatus, Gould...... 94 Asiaticus, Lath. ...... 6 Cephalopod ss. senseds ssacnceratomadee 74 Cercopithecus Diana, Auct. ......... 97 erythrotis, Waterh. . 71 Juliginosus, Auct. ... 97 Martini, Waterh. .... 71 Petaurista, Auct. .... 97 Sabeus, Auct. ...... 97 tantalus, Ogilby ...... 33 Cerostena punctulata, Waterh....... 120 Charadriad@ .eseveereveeee eaeae rane s 32 CRATAAVINE «1.6 e0eeree sevens Meee aces sald dices os Charadrius .....cceveeee Senne Hane eC Reames 32 Charadrius albicapillus, Vieill. ...... 33 bilobus, Gmel............. 33 Brissonii, Wagl.......... 33 gallinaceus, Wagl. ...... 33 macropterus, Wagl. ... 33 pectoralis, Wagl. ...... 33 pileatus,Gmel. ......... 33 tricolor, Vieill. ...... ae Bo tricolor, Worsf. ......... 33 Cheilodactylus gibbosus, Rich....... 21 CHENALOPEX GAMBENSIS, Auct.... 70 Chiroscelis bifenestra, Lam. ......... 66 bifenestrella, Westw. ... 66 digitata, Fab. .....+000... 66 130 INDEX. Page Page Chiroscelis Passaloides, Westw....... 66 | Francolinus vulgaris, Gould ...... OG Chiton alatus, G. B. Sowerby, Jun.. 61 | Fregilus graculus, Cuv. ..... Sessa orn6 coarctatus, Sow. Jun. ...... 62 | Fringilla Gayi, Eyd. & Gerv. ...... 94 floccatus, Sow. Jun. ......... 104 | Fuligula Nyroea, Steph. ..cccoveeeee 7 incisus, Sow. Jun. ............ 61 | GALicTis vITTATA, Bell ....c00000 44 laqueatus, Sow. Jun. ......... 104 | Garrulus lanceolatus, Vig.e........... 6 Luzonicus, Sow. Jun.......... 104 | Gasteropoda ......... daceaacuaseenetee 74 pulcherrimus, Sow. Jun. ... 103 | Geositta canalicularia, G.R. Gray . 94 spiniger, Sow. Jun......... .-. 61 | Halmaturus agilis, Gould ........... 81 truncatus, Sow. Jun.......... 61 Derpyanvs, Gray...... 50 Chlorospizaxanihogramma,G.R.Gray 94 | Helix acuminata, Sowerd. ............ 39 Chrysoptilus squamatus, Swains. stig ila brevidens, Sowerd. ......-.... 25 Coccothraustes Icteroides, Vig. ...... 6 brunnea, Sowerd. ....0.+06+ ashe Colaptes Chilensis, Vig. .......++++0+0 94 chlorochroa, Sowerb. ......... 2 Colobus leucomerus, Ogilby ......... 97 chrysocheilus, Sowerd.....0.... 3 Pennantii, Waterh. ......... 71 cincinniformis, Sowerb. ...... 17 Potycomos, Illig. ......... 84 columbaria, Sowerb. -........ 19 Satanas, Waterh. ......++ 71 concinna, Sowerd. ....00...005 20 Ursinus, Ogilby ............ * 84 cretata, Brads) .. wdedecupiene> ve Lee Ursinus, Ogilby........-...08 97 curta, Sowerd. .......:.0ecsese 20 Columba Boliviana, Auct. .........--. 95 cryptica, Brod....... veces. Re ee leuconota, Vig. ...+00-.+++- 6 fulgens, Sowerd. ...ecsces.ceee 3 Copurus, n. g., Str'ickl. ....-....-0000+ 28 fragilis, Sowerb. peeetns 40 Corbis Soverbii, Reeve ............606 85 galactites, Lam: .cicseeseee. ss 2 Coturnix Sinensis .....0..cecreeeereees 6 gummata, Sowerb. ......... vee 25 Cuculus micropterus, Steph. ........- 6 latitans? Brod.........+. piesskes 23 Cylydrorhinus angulatus, Guerin ... 127 leucophea, Sowerb. ............ 18 Cynocephalus Papio, Auct. .......+. 97 matruelis, Sowerb. .e...s...0ee 24 Dactylocalyx pumiceus, Stutchd. ... 87 Meretrix, Sowerd........ Wieeows 20 Dafila urophasianus, Byton ......... 95 metaformis, De Fér......60060643) 7 DasyURUS URSINUS, Geoff. ......... 50 mirabilis, De FEr..cc...eeseee. VIVERRINUS, Geoff. ... 50 monochroa, Sowerd.......-..+0+ : Dendrocopus Himalayanus............ 6 modesta, Sowerd........ ssvevsee | OD Didelphis Virginiana, Temm.......... 49 oblonga, Sowerd. ...se.-sse0e0e. 40 Diptita Lusitanica, Hoffm. ......... 10 Panty Brodsnweidessces tteee Wes 2S Emberiza luctuosa, Gerv. .....----.+- 94 PuUlcherrima ....0+0.0.+. vee 16 Enicurus maculatus, Vig. ..-.+0-..+++ 6 pyramidalis, Sowerd. ......... 39 Entomoderes Erebi, Solier ..........++ 121 Reevii, Brod.) v.i.s. ee 8 34 Ephemera Coa, Hasselq. «-....-+.++- 9 setiger, Sowerb. .+......4...08 » 25 Epipedonota affinis, Waterh. ...... 118 spheerica, Sowerb. .......4.... 26 Bonariensis, Waterh. . 119 spherion, Sowerb. ........- ee ebenina, Solier ......... 118 velutina, Sowerd. ......00...5.. 25 erythropus, Solier...... 119 (Carocolla) dealbata, Brod.... 45 lata, Waterh. ......... 119 Dryope, Brod. .... 37 rugosa, Waterh. ...... 117 Listeri, Brod. ... 37 Erinacevs Evropavs, Linn. ...... 44 papyracea, Brod.. 36 ERA OMILE saseitndcvateadectecteyiiese 32 Parmula, Brod.... 38 Euplectella Aspergillum, Qwen...... 3 Regine, Brod. ... 36 Falco biarmicus? Temm. ...........- 6 Rota, Brod. ...... 45 Chicquera, Lath. .........ss0+0. 6 semigranosa, Sow. 26 FELIS CERVARIA, Temm. ......... we. 44 Siquijorensis,Brod. 38 CABRACAL, ‘Gmel fe -.050% 102 percussus, Temm. ...... 29 | Pyenocerus costatus ....++1+-+s1eeesss 67 thoracicus, Temmi. ...... 29 Westermanni, Hope ..... 67 Parra dominica, Ginel. .®.......+ ... 33 | Pyrrhula ceruleus, Vieill. ........+++- goensis, GMEl. ...ccreseceereeeees 33 | Querquedula Crecea, Stephsyagent <7. 7 ludovicianus, Gmel. ......++++ .. 33 | Ranella albofasciata, Sow. Jun..... toe Senegala, Linn. ...-+2+0e++++00+ + od cruentata, Sow. Jun,.......-- 51 Sinensis, Lath. ...cecsecvsseoess. 7 nana, Sow. JUN. \asesisineens 51 Pastor Mahratiensis .......+...+000.. 6 neglecta, Sow. Jun. ss... 52 BER AMETESS Westen ere dee Ress exe |, ee rhodostoma, Sow. Jun....,.. 52 PeRAMELES LAGoris, Reid ......... 50 rugosa, Sow. JUN. ....6-.+0 . OF Perdix Chukar, Lath. ....ccsceeeveeee 6 subgranosa, Sow. Jun. ...... 52 Petrocincla Pandoo, Sykes 4... 6 vexillum, Sow. Jun. .....-.++ 51 sawatilis, Vig. ....00...6++ 6 | Sarciophorus, n. g., Sériekl. ...:....++ 32 Petrogale robusta, GOUld ........604+ 81 | Schizodon, n. subgen., Waterh....... 91 PETAURISTA SCIUREUS, Geoff. ...... 51 | Schizodon fuseus, Waterh. ...... 91, 93 PHALANGISTA NANA, Geoff.......-.. 50 | Scolopax rusticola, Linn. .. riers VULPINA, Desm..... 50 | Scytalopus fuseus, Gould ......+++++5 94 PHascoLomys WomBAT, Semnopithecus Johnii, Fischer ...... 63 Peron et Lesu 51 | Simia Morio, Owen..........+: San the 55 Phasianus albocristatus, Vig..-...-... 6 Wurmbii, Auct. .....s0e0ees wwe OD Pucrasia, Vig. ...++1.... 6 | Sorex TETRAGONURUS, Herm....... 44 Stacei, Vig. ..cscesceeeees .. 6 | Spheneacus, n. g., Strichl........-000 28 Philomachus coronatus .....0.e0e0-+++ 32 | Sphenura Africanus (Gm. me Levaill. 28 SPINOSUE i. Vesdaeecevssere 32 Tibicen, Licht. .....:.0+05 28 PHOCALVITULINA \).. Aviveckst epee woo, 44 | Squatarola wiiiscsscsicevanssocpsesssneye i eyB2 PHOCIDAD ....c0scecsecesvoncccsacces 42-43 | Stephanophorus, n. g., Strickl. ...... 30 Phenicornis brevirostris, Vig. .....- 6 | Sturnella loica, Auct......-.ssceceeeeee 93 Phenicura leucocephala, Vig. ......- 6 | Tatra Europma, Linn. ..........- o 44 Picus aurantius, Linn. ...2+.+0s.-.0ee 31 | Tanagra diadema, Temm. ............ 31 Bengalensis, Gmel. ....... Se 31 | Tetraogallus Nigellit, Gray.sssesoviase 6 erythronotus, Vieill.....0-++++0 31 | TinochorusD’ Orbignyanus, Is.Geoff. 95 Goensis, Gmel......+.+++ eters 31 | Tichodroma phenicoptera,Temm.... 6 hematribon, Wagl. s.s00..---- 31 | Troglodytes niger, AUCt..sceseee 97 Magellanicus, Vig. ....... St 94 | Tropiopoda .......sesereveeres wiepetadnad eee neglectus, Wagl. ....+++ stnleeeewe 31 | Turdus atrogularis, Temm. ......06. 6 nuchalis, Wagl. sercecrcceereee 6, 31 | Turtur auritus, Ray .c..cceccseccesee 6 palalacca, Wagl. ...... piietewere 31 | Upupa Epops, Linn, «..eeccerereeees 972 peralaimus, Wagl. seeeresceees 31 | Upucerthia dumetoria, Is. Geoff. .... 94 Philippinarum, Lath. ......... 31 | Ursus AMERICANUS, Pall. ....... ww. 44 PEANTIGHADA) A vestt Jisl i casedesees 42-43 ARcTOS, Linns <.5:cevses ss 44 Platyrhynchus filicaudus, Spix ...... 29 FEROX, Lewis & Cl. ..1..... 44 Preugena carbonaria, Klug .......... 67 LABIATUS, De Blainy. s..... 44 MATGINALA seecerereveees eee 67 MARITIMUS, Lint.....ereeeeee 44 rubripes, Laporte ......... 67 | Vanellus, Temm.....ccssecreereereeee Bae Prionochilus, n. g., Strickl. ..+......- 29 albiceps, Gould ........6++5+ 33 Prioscelis crassicornis, Westw. ...... 67 cayennensis...... Bvehceis i semis serrata ...... anes Saccsenne’ wON Cayenensis, Steph. ...... 32, 94 PROCYON LOTOR, CUV. ....seeseeeseeee 44 cuculatus, Term. .....+. Pe |) Psectrascelis pilipes, Solier ........- 121 | Viverra Crverra, Linn............. 44 Pterocles arenarius, Temi. ......+.- 6 TIGRINA, Schreb. ......... 44 Pteropoda ...... Beasaesunns sche ceosceee GA | VIVERRIDAS vicesterntsssisetsccessss 42-43 Piteroptochos Tarnii, G. R. Gray ... 94 Zophosis nodosa, Germ. «-+s+0ee0+e++6 116 ”s —" F PROCEEDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY, BY R. AND J. E. TAYLOR, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. a he nl a gee 40'S We. eee and tila + Ri LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS, With References to the several Articles contributed by each. Biyrtu, E., Esq. page Abstract of a Letter from, relating to various Species of Birds which are found both in India and Europe . 93 Broverip, W. J., Esq. Descriptions ‘of New i of Be iy from the Collection of H. Cuming, Esq. . 53 Brooke, JAmeEs, Esq. Exhibition of a Series of Skulls of the prete spect 5 sented by 9 Cantor, Dr. Letter from, containing a list of a Collection of Shells from Chusan, presented to the Society . 194 Cooper, W. D., Esq. Notes relating to the Habits of the Bassaris astuta, com- municated by . P 3 10 Dersy, The Earl of. Letter from, relating to the hatching and rearing of two young Fire-back Pheasants and four young Rheas in his Lordship’s Menagerie ° - 131 Letter from, relating to the hatching some Reds, Bes . 147 Notice of a valuable Collection of a ela and Ge presented by - 196 Dickson, E. D., Esq. Letter from . a8 bw Dickson, E. D., Esq., and H. J. Ross, Esq. Numerous specimens presented by, exhibited . 197 Ewer, WatTer, Esq. page List of a Collection of Birds from India, presented by. . 92 Fraser, L., Esq. Exhibition of New Species of Quadrupeds collected at Fernando Po . . . < y teaimea he (lees On some New Species of Birds from Fernando Povagee stead On New Species of Birds collected in the Piper Expe- dition. . . 144 On two New Species of Birds from Western n Africa, be- longing to the genera Strix and Pitia. . . 189 Exhibition of a Specimen of the Galago Senegalensis and description of a New Species of Shrew from Fernando Po . 200 FremBLy, J., Esq., R.N. Letter fon. A 1 Exhibition of a Collection of Fishes from Brazil, presented by SED oe Oreos seconde om rGe | NG, Gervais, M. P. and M. J. VERREAUx. On a new Genus of Marsupial Animals, Zarszpes rostratus. 1 GouLp, J., Esq. On a New Species of Petrogale,—P. inornata . . . . 5 On some New Species of Australian Mammals . . . . 10 On New Species of Birds from Australia . . 17 Characters of a New Species of Perameles, and a New w Spe- cies of Dasyurus. . . 41 On two New Species of Kangaroo ( Petrogale c coneinna ahd Halmaturus Binoé). . . 57 Characters of two New Species of Australian Haleyonida 72 On a New Species of Hawk <, beronenne. to the Genus Elanus. . . : 80 Elanus ser iptus, Gould | . = Bare oer 0) On two New Genera of Birds belonging , one to the Family Sylviade, and the other to the Family Psittacide. seh On two New Species of Australian Birds belone ims to ‘the Genera Astur and Lobivanellus . . - 113 Descriptions of thirty New Species of Birds from Australia 131 On a New peri of Parrot peloneing to the Genus beg philus . . * 165 On various new species of Ortye . PRES A eee ae Gray, G. R., Esq. Letter from, containing Observations upon the Species of Ketraogallus .. 2) Me ns a na ot hw yee GuLLiver, Grorecr, Esq. Observations on the Muscular Fibres of the Gisophagus and Heart in some of the Vertebrate Animals . . 63 Observations on the Semen and Seminal Tubes of Nee Malia ANUS ILAS es ee ben lw lh Sales oS et neta Ite Dy —S ee : : GULLIVER, GrorGe, Esq. page On_ the Blood-corpuscles of the Ibex of Candia ( Capra Caucasica, Guld) . On the Blood- corpuscles of the British Ophidian Reptiles, and Observations on the Blood- oo pai of other ‘ct rous Vertebrata On the Blood-corpuscles of some of the Struthionide . Additional Measurements of the Blood-corpuscles or Red Particles of Mammalia and Birds : oe eee anos Han ey, Sytvanus, Esq. Descriptions of four New Species of Bivalve Shells be- longing to the Genera. Solen, Psammobia and Cytherea . Harvey, J. B., Esq. Exhibition of two New CPP of Penne Animals, BR sented by : ‘ . Horr, The Rev. F. W. Monograph on the Coleopterous Family Phyllophoride . Jonas, Dr. J. H. Descriptions of New Species of Shells belonging to the Genera Helix and Bulimus, collected by Mr. Cuming in the Philippine Islands aS sae lel ee iC Yh ii a Lowe, The Rev. R. T. Description of a new Dorsibranchiate Gasteropod, disco- vered at Madeira . CUI rts ea hd uler ob Martin, WituiaM, Esq. Notes on the Habits of the Horned Screamer stonete cornuta, Linn.) ape ag a a. (cua sets Moore. E. L., Esq. Letter from, and exhibition of a young Harp Seal sae Greenlandica, Miiller) presented by Fh cat ne Nita Murray, The Hon. CHartes. Exhibition of Specimens presented by . Newport, G., Esq. On some New Genera of the Class Myriapoda Owen, Professor. Monograph on the Apien ye australis, including its Myo- logy . Observations upon a Specimen of the Pearly "Nautilus (Nautilus Pompilius) obtained by Capt. Belcher, R.N., at Amboina : . On the Anatomy of Lithedaphus Tongir ostris, Owen On the Anatomy of Pholadomya candida . : PeriT DE LA Saussaye, M. Descriptions of New Species of Shells belonging to the Genus Auricula, collected by H. Cuming, Esq. . . + + - 107 - 108 - 140 - 190 - 122 47 73 - 188 51 15 vi Preirrer, Dr. L. page Descriptions of New Species of Shells belonging to the Genera Helix and Bulimus, collected by H. Cuming, Esq. in the Philippine Islands : 84 Descriptions of New Species of Shells, collected by "Hugh Cuming, Esq. in the Philippine Islands - 150 Descriptions of some New Species of Helicide, collected by Mr. Bridges in the northern parts of Chile . « 186 PoinTER, H., Esq. Various Specimens presented by, exhibited > 197 Reciuz, M. C. A. Descriptions of various Species of Navicella, collected by Hugh Cuming, Esq. in the Philippine Islands . . - 54’ Descriptions of New Species of Nerites, collected by H. Cuming, Esq. in the Philippine Islands : . 168 Reeve, Lovett, Esq. Monograph of Crassatella, a genus of Fe eet Mol- lusks . 42 Descriptions of New Species of Shells, prineipally from ‘the Collection of Hugh Cuming, Esq. . . 49 Descriptions of four New Species of Achatina 55 Monograph of the Genus Tornatella spies 58 Descriptions of two New Species of Oniscia, a Genus of Pectinibranchiate Mollusks 91 Descriptions of New Species of Delphinula, a Genus of Pectinibranchiate Mollusks of the Family Turbinacea 102 On a New Species of the Genus Murex . 104 On the Genus Phorus, a group of agelutinating “Mollusks of the Family Zurbinacea . 160 Descriptions of New Species of Shells belonging to the Genera Trochus and Turbo . . . - 184 Descriptions of New Aaa of Shells s figured in the ‘Con- chologia Systematica’ 197 Ross, H. J., Esq. Letters frome oi aif oie | she spe eta oo ses coe pene Ross, H.J., Esq., and E. D. Dickson, Esq. Numerous Specimens presented by, exhibited 197 Riprevy, Dr. E. On two New Species of Chizerhis from Abyssinia . 8 Suaw, ALEXANDER N., Esq. Lettersifrom:t) Veneers, 1a A ee esa) SoweErsy, G. B., Esq. Descriptions of New Species of Shells belonging to the Genus Cyclostoma, collected by F Fi, ke a in the Phi- lippine Islands His : 80 vii Sowersy, G. B., Esq., Jun. Descriptions of some New Species of Helicine, in the col- lection of H. Cuming, Esq. . Descriptions of two New Species of Shells belonging to ‘the Genus Strombus, collected by H. Cuming, Esq. . Descriptions of New Species of the Genus Peeten, figured in Sowerby’s ‘ Thesaurus Conchyliorum’ . Sy Ait ESL * On a New Species of the Genus Fostellaria . Srancer, Dr. page 6 - 143 - 163 - 165 Exhibition of various Reptiles and Fishes, presented by . 47 SrrickLAnD, H. E., Esq. Account of the Birds in the Chinese Collection exhibited at Hyde Park Corner Satie divas ree hicee) eres DAG Tuomsoy, T. S., Esq. Notes on the Habits of the Bassaris astuta 10 VerreAux, M. Juves, and M. Gervais. On a New Genus of Happauel eine (Taree rostra- tus) . Ake ; Sara a tao WarTeEruHovsE, G. R., Esq. On two New ne of Marsupial Animals from South Australia . yay Observations of some Species of Mammalia from Borneo . 114 Descriptions of New Species of Quadrupeds collected ioe Mr. Fraser at Fernando Po : 124 Descriptions of two New Species of the Genus Mus 145 Westwoop, J. O., Esq. On various Coleopterous Insects from Western Africa be- longing to the Section Heteromera . BPN Sag YARRELL, W., Esq. Exhibition of some Plates of a New Work on the Mam- malia of North America, by Mr. Audubon and Dr. Bachman . 176 i; x. | ar : , ; 4 f i ii ae BR sedi ae Vee pee, aed ae mien ed aS AL OA % he fae dt bicgnlel, ‘3 saat po studs to ana tiem eal = : Bi he Se nahid SoBe oD se -padl aime: tes ‘a sees rs salad, allimiP. lo esion(®, wa oun odkdont ae Ber: aE yn se ess SOR quensy! D-H fetioailog rwashiworshe. arch Bah ih ee tee nat aren Bue) oil? Tey eisoyet Tr Fe, merit ; aa WeaAs iv ects: as CORI be els ohitab the a “gmnurroilz dened aiPrusest l * es bray esl ad it) ~ | siseitiias enna ads to. loo wai aS pe rete hy te 4 = = eS Page SV ie disse 3 ten ae aay a oe hutisonong aie | ben a0 tives 38 scotia To iO io _ wae , Satter AR dT Mt ‘ heya " bi ie At “ - pact i e es ¢ Re Age Mee ified oitosilo:). ao ahiO atid ntebst oft Yo trge a ap MP Git ee Beacw Sf Vente? eDee nat : A ; rs Js ¥ Pa ¢ “x. Brg n ’ . Bees 2 ' . spat 48 rr ARE to Lee gee’ Ri phe sre est) 1d etids lL ont uo< ee: é five deed ! ; i 2 ee ae Akt “PTAvAaD We. bas ettat Roe et sr hdaon, pseeh) as saint aia M Beis %: . i iti > p a < Sale d {dere “op * ar ey Peg Tt coe. : i ig aE 9 ater piniee fg cil to es 2 Me SE Ne at EN a) Aare BP -- OSs Jrevout wart pile, we wivey? prs 40, Be A Holand Fhsqrabgh Bt Lo br te to et oli aR, Sameer: 23 MOP M Ie a 8 pei % dhe pone ar Oved ie anc vomits ae teu i . ee: aru rth Qn M0 he eee te east pie ch. BF miptthad eis perrrn ih wi PROCEEDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. January 11, 1842. William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair. A letter from the Society’s corresponding member, H. J. Ross, Esq., was read. In this letter (which is dated Lamsoon, Nov. 28th, 1841,) Mr. Ross announces his receipt of various papers forwarded to him by the Society, and observes, that as he is going to a part of Kaissarich where collectors have not yet been, he hopes to procure specimens that may be acceptable to the Society. Mr. Ross also states in his letter that the Common Green Woodpecker of Europe (Picus viridis, Auct.) is to be found in great numbers at Trebizond, and that he has shot them as high as Gumushkhaugh, which is be- tween Erzeroom and Trebizond. At the last-mentioned place Mr. Ross has left some specimens of birds in spirits to be forwarded to the Society. A letter from J. Frembly, Esq., R.N., corresponding member, was next read. It is dated Gibraltar, December 8th, 1841; and chiefly refers toa collection of Brazilian Fishes, which Mr. Frembly had forwarded for the Society’s Museum. __ The collection of Fishes referred to in Mr. Frembly’s letter was laid before the Meeting. M. P. Gervais exhibited a drawing representing the details of a new genus of Marsupial animals, and communicated to the Meeting, in his own name and that of M. Jules Verreaux, the description of this new Mammal, which formed part of a collection brought from Swan River, and, in the opinion of the authors of the paper, will con- ‘stitute among the Marsupialia the type of a distinct family, for which these naturalists propose the name Tarsipedide, and for the species the name of Tarsipes rostratus. In general appearance, observe the authors, the Tarsipes ros- tratus bears some resemblance to a Shrew (Sorex); but the head is longer, and the muzzle is much elongated. The head and body to- gether measure 44 French inches, and the tail 34 inches. The fur is tolerably dense, and composed of shortish silky adpressed hairs, No. CVIII.—Procerprnes or tar Zoot. Soc, 2 which are of a slate-grey colour next the skin, and yellowish exter- nally. The back is of a brownish yellow colour, and a dorsal black stripe extends from the shoulders to the base of the tail, and on each side of this stripe the fur assumes a paler hue: the upper part of the head and muzzle are of the same brownish colour as the: back ; the under side of the body as well as the inner side of the limbs are yellowish ; the hairs of the moustaches are brown, and tolerably long, some about one inch in length. The muzzle is terminated by a little mujfle; the nostrils are laterally pierced and virguliform ; the inter-nasal furrow is nearly equal in length to the nostrils. The tail is furnished at the base with fur like that of the body, but the greater portion is covered with short hairs, as in the rat tribe: its extremity is naked beneath, but the naked portion is but a few lines in length. The ears are tolerably short, somewhat rounded, and may be com- pared to those of the Shrews. The animal is plantigrade; its hinder limbs are rather longer than those in front. The palm of the hand is naked, as well as that of the foot, which is rather narrow and somewhat elongated, as in certain climbmg Mammals. ‘The fore-feet are provided with five toes, which are free, moderately short, and naked beneath as well as the part above, on the ungueal phalanx of which the digital pad is large, and forms a little cushion, as in the fingers of the Lemuride which are provided with three pairs of mamme (Tuarsius, Galago, and Cheirogale): the thumb has the same direction as the other fin- gers, and like them it has a little depressed nail, which covers but a small portion of the apical fleshy pad. The middle finger is the largest, the fingers joining it are nearly equal in length, and the thumb is rather shorter than the outer finger. The principal peculiarities in the hinder limbs consist'in the smallness of the middle toe and that next it on the inner side, and these toes are united as far as the last phalanx, as in the Syndactile Marsupialia, and like these animals, are provided each with a pointed nail bearing some resemblance to a little hoof. The thumb is op- poseable to the other toes, has no nail, but terminated by a fleshy pad: the fourth and fifth toes are provided with a pad similar to that of the corresponding toes of the fore-feet ; they have moreover small de- ressed nails, which do not extend to the outer margins of the pad : the fourth toe is the largest, and the fifth, though shorter, extends beyond the line of the two syndactile toes. Before pointing out certain peculiarities of the skeleton of the Tarsipes, we may add, that in the male the scrotum is suspended in advance of the penis, and that in the female the mamme, four in number, are placed inanabdominal pouch. ‘There is but one opening for excretion and defecation. In Paris there are several specimens of this singular animal. The skull of a female studied by MM. Gervais and Verreaux had the hinder part, as well as the lower portion in the mesial line, injured; and this circumstance, combined with its small size, ob- seryes these authors, renders it difficult of examination; they were able, however, to observe many of its essential characters. — ae 9 7 The skull is much elongated, especially its facial portion; and studying it isolately, one would be tempted to refer it to an animal of the Edentate order, and probably to the family of Ant-eaters, Myrmecophaga, &c. ‘The sutures of its bones are not obliterated as those of the Monotremata of the same age, but their distinction is less marked on the face than in the cranial region properly so called. The nasal bones are elongated, and terminate in an angle project- ing at their point of junction with the anterior margin of the fron- tals; these are contracted at the interorbital portion, but they pre- sent no postorbital process to contribute towards the formation of a complete circular orbit : their antero-posterior development exceeds the transverse diameter. The skull is broader in the parietal region, and the brain appears to have been more voluminous than in most other marsupial animals. In this form of cranium we perceive an analogy in the genus Macroscelides. The cranial cavity is proportionally more ample than in the great Ant-eater (Myrmecophaga jubata). ‘The occipital vertebra in the in- dividual described is not perfect, and does not extend beyond the an- terior occipital or interparietal, which is large and much broader than in the Myrmecobius. The ex-occipital, or, more correctly perhaps, the mastoid, articulates with the lateral margin of that bone. There is neither parietal crest nor occipital. The two temporal fossz com- municate by a nearly circular opening. The palatine portion of the intermaxillaries, and the anterior portion of the maxillary bones, have two small incisive foramina, and these are somewhat elongated ; there is moreover in the palate two elongated openings, separated only by a very narrow bony ridge; the posterior boundaries of these openings and the termination of the palate, owing to the frac- tured condition of the skull, could not be seen. The suture between the nasal and maxillary bones, as well as the lachrymal, which is rather small, are nearly obliterated; the lachrymal canal is visible. The maxillaries, the length of which is proportionate to the nasal bones, give origin to a zygomatic process, and in fact there exists a complete zygomatic arch. The malar bone is of moderate thickness and depth ; its posterior portion gives off a small process which projects aboye the temporal apophysis, and appears to represent, in a rudi- mentary condition, the little osseous temporal process observed in the Echidna, rather than a true orbital process of the zygoma, which in fact is wanting, as well as the orbital process of the frontal; and in this respect the Tarsipes differs from the Myrmecobius, with which there exists an analogy as regards some other characters. The al- veolar portion of the maxillaries is very hard and presents a cutting edge, which is elevated in such a manner as to give to the palate a slightly concave surface. The infra-orbital opening is small, and placed in a longitudinal groove of the maxillary bone situated a little in advance of the bone of the zygomatic process through which it is perforated.. The auditory bulle are convex, and nearly continuous with the squamous portion of the temporal. The tympanic circle is complete, and com- municates in a direct manner with the bull by a large canal, which 4 permits of the interior of the chamber being seen. ‘The articulation of the squamous portion with the great ala of the sphenoid, is oblique from the inferior margin of the zygomatic process in the anterior cen- tral portion of the bone of the auditory chamber. The lower part of the squamous element and this outer portion of the pterygoid are on the same plane, and though bulbous, they dg not form a second auditory chamber, as in some marsupials, but merely an inflated por- tion of the cranial cavity. The glenoid cavity for the articulation of the lower jaw is indistinct. This jaw resembles in general form that of Myrmecophaga jubata, and it moreover bears a considerable ana- logy to that of the Monotremata. It is subiinear, slender, almost without a trace of coronoid process, and there being no angular pro- cess, it does not present the peculiar conformation of this part of the lower jaw which characterizes all the known marsupials ;° and the condyle, instead of being transverse as in these animals, is situated at the apex of a little curvature formed by the entire masseteric portion of the maxillary, approaches to a circular form, and is somewhat oblique in its direction, as in the Myrmecophaga jubata and in the Monotremata. In the Myrmecobius an approach to this disposition of the condyle is observable. The masseteric depression is in the form of a longitudinal cleft, which is much longer than the cleft found in certain species of Macropodide, and very much resembles that which we observe in the lower jaw of some birds. The two inferior maxillary are joined at the symphysis by a ligament only, but their junction ap- pears to be more perfect than in the Edentata in general: these bones are as remarkable for their compact structure as for their trans- parency. Of the remaining portion but few parts are known, viz. the radius and the inferior portion of the cubitus; these are separated in their whole length; the tibia and the fibula, which are also separated as far as their articulation with the tarsus; the fibula is much com- pressed at its upper extremity. The dental system of the Tarsipes is most anomalous: the lower jaw presents in front a pair of cultriform teeth which have the same horizontal direction as the jaw ; the basal portion of these teeth is narrower than the other portion, and the root is very deeply inserted into the jaw; the apical portion is unfortunately broken. ‘These teeth are applied one against the other by their internal surface. Near the posterior third of the dental portion of the same jaw isa small transparent gemmiform tooth, which has the appearance of a little process recurved angularly outwards. On the anterior third of the left side of the upper jaw are three small teeth ; the first, which appears to be im the incisive bones, and which is in a line with the incisive openings, is in the form of a minute simple tubercle ; the third, which is situated at the hinder extremity of the anterior third of the dental portion of the jaw, is also gemmiform, rather slender, longer than the first, and somewhat inclined forwards. Between this and the foremost tooth is another tooth, which is smaller than either, and situated nearer to the third than the second tooth. All these teeth are transparent and have but ; 5 one root; they are all which could be found in the specimen ex- amined ; and it is only by inspecting several individuals that the dental formula of this little animal could be correctly ascertained. It is supposed by the authors, that in front of the foremost pair of teeth of the upper jaw here described, another tooth exists, the root of which only is visible; if such should be the case, there would then be three pairs of incisors of unequal size in the upper jaw, and behind these a canine, which is the largest of those teeth. The Tarsipes, as has been shown, presents characters which could scarcely be supposed to exist in a single species, and affords an ad- ditional proof that the inspection of a single portion of any animal is not sufficient for the determination of the peculiarities of other parts. Its feet are those of an animal elevated in the scale of organization, and nearly resemble those of the Tarsius, differing only in the union of the second and third toes of the hind-feet. The Tarsipes also having these two toes shorter than the others and provided with subulated nails; the singular form of its teeth, and, above all, the analogy which its skull bears with that of the Mono- delph Edentata and Monotremata, render it difficult to determine the rank which the Tarsipes ought to occupy among the Syn- dactylous Marsupialia. It may be observed that it makes a con- siderable approach to Myrmecobius, an animal which, in some re- spects, has likewise affinities with the Hdentata; but here the feet nearly resemble those of the Dasyuri. The Tarsipes in all proba- bility had a long tongue, as in the Echidna and the Myrmecophaga ; and it appears, according to the observations made by Lieutenant Dale and Mr. Gilbert, and communicated to M. Gervais by Mr. . Waterhouse, that the tongue of the Myrmecobius is also very long. Mr. Gould exhibited a new species of Petrogale, which he charac- terized as follows :— PeTROGALE 1NoRNATA. Petr. facie et dorso arenaceo-cinereis ; humeris canescente irroratis, lateribus pallidioribus absque notis conspicuis ; antibrachiis tarsisque arenaceo-cinereis digitis ad api- cem saturate fuscis ; caudd dimidid basali arenaceo-fuscd. Hab. North coast of Australia. General colour of the upper parts sandy grey, grizzled over the shoulders, and becoming much lighter on the flanks; an indistinct line, of a lighter hue, along the face under the eye; a dusky red patch behind the elbow; under surface sandy white, inclining to rufous on the lower part of the abdomen; arms and tarsi sandy grey, passing into dark brown at the extreme tips of the toes; basal half of the tail sandy brown, the remainder black, the former colour ex- tending along the sides of the tail for some distance towards the tip ; ears sandy grey, bordered by a very narrow line of dark brown on their inner edge; a dark patch at the occiput, passing into a dark line down the forehead. Female. Feet. Inches. Length from the tip of the nose to the extremity of \ 3 9 PR rset ele a oi ons bel Steinraaed’ cal pele n ota ees Vemethy Ol fats bcm ogee pet amet d ys a ibtyic' + etnies 1 3 Length of tarsus and toes, including the nails....... 0 5} Length of arm and hand, including the nails ...... 0 5 Length of face, from the tip of the nose to the base 1 0 43 Of the Car a otra ea” poecnaes hayeld op) Tene Mted na proto “4 See RORUNOL COTS tee bE loinie cant Hein ol g othe uel ie ae 0 13 This new species, for which I am indebted to the kindness of B. Bynoe, Esq., of H.M.S. Beagle, differs from all the other members of the genus in the unusual uniformity of its colouring. Mr. Bynoe collected it on the north coast of Australia, and this is all that is at present known respecting it. In size it is about equal to the P. /a- teralis of the western coast, to which, as also to P. penicillata, it is very nearly allied, but differs from both in being destitute of any markings on the sides, in the absence of any dark colouring behind the ears, and in the light colouring of the arms and tarsi. The following “‘ Descriptions of some new species of Helicine, in the collection of H. Cuming, Esq.,” by Mr. G. B. Sowerby, jun., was read :— Heuicina stR1aTuLA, Thesaurus Conchyliorum, by G. B. Sowerby, jun., fig. 43. Hel. testa subdepressd, concentrice substriatd, fulvo- rufescente ; uperturd subquadratd, margine albo, crasso, reflexo, integro, subsinuato, postice subdepresso. Alt. +23; lat. *30 poll. ‘ Hab. ? Mus. Cuming. The margin of the aperture in this species is slightly lobed, and sinuous above and below. Heicina MAXIMA, Sow. jun., Thes. Conch. fig. 11. Hel. testi globosd, subdepressd, levi, albd ; aperturd magnd, semilunari, margine reflexo, acuto ; labio interno crassiusculo ; columella ob- tusé angulatd. Alt. °50; lat. 1 poll. Hab. ? Mus. H. Cuming. Rather more depressed and larger than H. Major, with the base of the columella angulated instead of being notched. HeELicina acuTissima, Sow. jun., Thes. Conch. fig. 92 to 95. Hel. testd plus minusve depressd, concentricé leviter striatd, an- gulari, acutissime carinatd, infra angulos paululiim complanatd ; apertura triangulart ; labio interno tenuissimo ; columella subcom- planaté, ad basim subundatd ; labio externo acuto, valide reflexo, expanso, super angulum subdepresso. Hab. apud ins. Philippinas. H. Cuming legit. Var. a. 7. luted, rufescente, fascid rubra infra angulo posita. Alt, 35; lat. °70. Hab. Jacna, ins. Bohol. 7 Var. b. T. luted, rufescente, fasciis rubris tribus ornatd. Hab. Jacna, ins. Bohol. Var. c. T. pallide luted, fascid rubra infra angulum, et alterd prope suturam positd. Alt. °25; lat. -40 poll. Mab. Siquijor. Var. d. T. pallidé luted. Hab. Argao, ins. Zebu. Var. e. T. luted, subtis rubra ; carind albd. Hab. Argao, ins. Zebu. Var. f. T. fused, nigricante. Hab. Loboc, ins. Bohol. Var. g. T. rubrd, absque fasciis. Hab. Loboc, ins. Bohol. The above are found on leaves of small shrubs. Heuicina Trocurrormis, Sow. jun., Thes. Conch. f. 90. Hel. testa luted, Helicine acutissime simillimd, sed spird altiori ; labio externo postice subdepresso. Alt. *20; lat. :30. Hab, Ins. Negros, Philippinarum. H. Cuming legit. Found on leaves of palms on mountains. It differs from H. acu- tissima principally in being much more conical, and in having the upper part of the outer lip more depressed. Heuicina minuta, Sow. jun., Thes. Conch. f. 40, 41. Hel. testd parvd, depressd, subangulatd, rubrd vel stramined ; margine erasso, effuso ; labio interno calloso ; columellé ad basim subemar- ginatd. Alt. *10; lat. -15 poll. Tab. ? Mas. H. Cuming. HELIcina aGGLuTINANS, Sow. jun., Thes. Conch. f. 83 to 85. Hel. _ testd depressda, angulatd, obtuse carinatd, supra infraque equaliter converd, minute concentricé striatd ; aperturd quadrilaterali ; labio interno tenuisstmo ; columelld triangulari, complanatd, subumbili- catd, ad basin obtuse angulatd ; labio externo effuso, reflero, pos- tice leviter depresso ; operculo crassiusculo, irregulariter quadrila- terali ; epidermide aliquando per adhesionem rupium fragmento- rum ni carinam latam preruptam productd. Alt. +45; long. *75 poll. Hab. apud ins. Philippinas. H. Cuming legit. Var. a. T. luted. Ins. Guimaras. Var. 6. T. aurantid; subtis fascid rubescente. Hab. Loboc, ins. Bohol. Var. c. T. aurantid-rubescente. Hab. Dingley, Panay. The shells of this species are found on rocks, the decomposed par- ticles of which are agglutinated to the epidermis in some specimens, so as to form a broad broken keel on the angle of the whorls. Heicina Lazarus, Sow. jun., Thes. Conch. f. 91. Hel. testd palide fulvd, H. agglutinanti simillimd, sed magis elevatd ; colu- ~melld angustiori. Alt. ‘28; lat. -40 poll.. Hab. Bongabong, N. Ecija, ins. Luzon, Philippinarum. Found on leaves of palms. Hexicra roxrra, Sow. jun., Thes. Conch, f. 76 to 81. Hei. 8 testa politd, tenui, pellucidd, plus minusve depressd et angulatd ; anfractibus superné subcomplanatis, infra ventricosis ; labio in- terno tenui, antic paululim inflato ; columelld angustatd, ad basim leviter angulatd ; labio externo tenui, expanso, reflero, super angu- lum plus minusve depresso ; operculo interne rubro, externe sub- margaritaceo. Hab. apud ins. Philippinas. H. Cuming legit. Var. a, T. aurantid, magnd, angulatd. Alt. °40; lat. ‘60. Sorso- gon, pr. Albay, ins. Luzon. Var. b. T. aurantid, minori. Alt. *20; lat. +25. Sinait, Ilocos, ms. Luzon. Var. c. T. aurantiacd, superné rubrd. Misamis, ins. Mindanao. Var. d. T. aurantid ; fascid rubrd in medio super angulum anfrac- tuum. Abulug, pr. Cagayan, ins. Luzon. Var. e. T. aurantid, fascits albis binis ornatd. St. Nicholas, ins. Zebu. Var. f. T. aurantid, superné pallidé rosed. Abulug, pr. Cagayan, ins. Luzon. From the large, somewhat angulated, orange variety, down to the more globose and small varieties, the gradation is so slow that it is impossible to find a line of demarcation sufficiently distinct to admit of specific separation, although the two extremes differ coy in general appearance. Heticrina simitis, Sow. jun., Thes. Conch. Hel. testa H. polite simillimd, sed impolitd, concentricé leviter striatd, fuscd. Hab. apud insulam Guadaloup. Mus. Cuming. Hexicina parva, Sow. jun., Thes. Conch. f. 82. Hel. testd H. polite simillimd, sed magis rotundatd, labio externo minimé de- presso. Hab. Argao, ins. Zebu. H. Cuming legit. Found on leaves of bushes, and differs only from the smaller va- rieties of H. polita in being globular, and having the outer lip not at all depressed above. Hexicina GuapaLouPEnsis, Sow. jun., Thes. Conch. f. 65, 66. Hel. testa levi, depressd, subangulatd, concentricé leviter striatd ; columella ad basin subnodosd ; labio externo crasso, reflero ; an- Fractibus gradatim crescentibus, supra infraque subventricosis ; operculo fusco. Hab, apud insulam Guadaloup. Mus. H. Cuming. Var. a. T. rubra, lutescente, majori. Alt. °35; lat. °60. Var. 6. T. pallide brunned, minori. Alt. 20; lat. -35. A memoir on the family of Towracoos, by Dr. E. Ruppell, was next read. In this memoir the author characterizes the following two new species of the genus Chizerhis from Abyssinia :— CHIzZ#RHIS PERSONATA. Chi. regione ophthalmicd, genis, mento et guld, pennis denudatis, cute nigricante, vibrissis brevissimis vestita ; pileo crista plicatilis, plumis lazis, elongatis, colore mu- 9 rino ; nuchd, regione paroticd, juguloque albidis, jugulo et pectore viridi-glaucis ; abdomine et tibiis rufo-cervinis ; auchenio, dorso et alis cesio-umbrinis, rectricibus olivaceis ; caudd elongata, subrotun- datd, supra cinered, infra luteo-virenti, rostro et pedibus nigris ; iride albo-cinerascente. The most characteristic peculiarity in the present species, observes Dr. Riippell, consists in the absence of feathers on the face and throat, the skin of these parts presenting only small scattered hairs, and apparently being of a blackish purple colour. The feathers of the upper surface of the head are elongated, and have the plumelets soft and flowing ; they no doubt are erectile, and form a crest at the will of the bird. The two sexes agree perfectly, both in size and colour- ing. The dimensions in French measure are as follow :— in. lin. Total length from the tip of the beak to the tip of tail. 19 0 SIRS Ne tai LS dG RCL a BER USC ADS A ccs ri 10 O Length of the beak, measuring along the upper curvature 1 1 Greatest height of the two mandibles .............. 0 73 Length of the wing from the bend to the extremity of 8 0 the fourth wing-feather, which is the longest .. .. BREED RL IUNG CANBUS 015) cove dain \Sin iain wane gine or, oe I. 6 Length of the middle toe, including the nail ........ 1 10 CuIzzRHIS LEUCOGASTER. Chi. pileo crista plicatilis, plumis apice truncatis, capite, gutture, collo, cervice, dorso et alis cesio- umbrinis ; rectricibus medianis nigro-marginatis, remigibus dimidio basali albis, dimidio apicali umbrino-nigris ; caudd subrotundatd, supra et subtis nigrd, fascid albd latd transversd ; rectricibus duabus intermediis cesio-umbrinis ; abdomine et tibiis albis ; rostro et pedibus nigricantibus, iride umbrind. A peculiarity in this species consists in the truncated form of the feathers which constitute the crest. Both sexes agree in size and colouring. The dimensions are as follow :— in. lin Potal length ......... ahs eet a aes Cae of PO dete ar as seg Deeb tee ek Weta ciabies Mellen Sas ware tn stay ts ee De Le ee ans St Sa ee ye eke 0114 Rieemt OL bili f:iiii's as esie dsl sdheitteia oe kts «ine were 0 64 Length of the wing to the end of the fifth wing-feather 7 9° SUAS) ajzh A chayat cay Siare Rip aitis sete OWete & Sheu tach atee armas 1 8 Middle toe, including the nail ..............00.... 110 A series of twenty-five Orang Outan skulls, from Borneo, which had been presented by James Brooke, Esq., together with fourteen skeletons, were exhibited, and also a collection of Fishes from Brazil, presented by J. Frembly, Esq., R.N. 10 January 25, 1842. William Horton Lloyd, Esq., in the Chair. A letter from the Society’s Corresponding Member, Alexander N. Shaw, Esq., of the H. C. Civil Service, was read, in which that gentleman calls attention to the advantages which would ensue from the appointment of agents at different ports, for the transmission of animals for the Society, and requests to be informed what animals would be most acceptable from the part of India in which he is at present stationed, observing that he will endeavour to procure them, and should he succeed, will forward them free of expense to Bombay. Mr. W. D. Cooper communicated to the Meeting some notes, by T. S. Thomson, Esgq., relating to the habits of the Bassaris astuta of Lichtenstein. These notes are confirmatory of the observations of Mr. Charlesworth, made at a former meeting of the Society*. The animal, Mr. Thomson has been informed, is found in most parts of the republic of Mexico, but is not known beyond the habitations of man. Besides fowls, butchers’ meat, &c., it will eat bread, fruit, and sugar ; it breeds principally in outhouses, and particularly in neglected spots, producing three or four at a birth. Sometimes it is tamed, and used like the domestic cat to destroy rats, mice, &c. Mr. Gould exhibited several Australian Mammals, from his own collection, which he considered to be new to science. The first to which he drew attention was a species of the genus Macropus, as now restricted, which, from the sooty black colouring of the face, he proposed to describe under the name Macropus MELANOPS. Macr. vellere molli obscure griseo; dorso, collo, plagdque magnd ad basin femoris, fuliginoso-lavatis ; late- ribus corporis indistincté fulvo tinctis ; capite fuliginoso ; rhinario nigro ; auribus intus pilis albis vestitis, extus pilis albis, nigro ir- roratis, ad basin nigris ; guld pectoreque albescentibus ; tibiis tar- sisque fusco-albis, digitis nigris ; caudd robusta, supra fuliginoso- fused, subtis pallidiore, dimidid apicali nigra. une. lin. Longitudo ab apice rostri ad caudz basin.... 33 0 CHUDE B08 i. 08 abe pyoeae el eos etotetete 20 6 tarsi digitorumque.............. 11 °9 — ab apice rostri ad basin auris .... 5 9 MERA 8:2 1h <7 shsbe ha aihhe ee eS he: * Proceedings for July 13, 1841, p. 60. 11 The most striking character in this species is the general deep hue of the fur of the upper parts of the body and neck; the colour may be described as sooty grey, but having moreover a brownish tint ; the whole upper surface and sides of the head are nearly black; on the sides of the body and outer side of the hind legs, at the base, a very faint fulvous tint is observable ; a large space on the haunch is of the. same deep hue as the back; the throat and chest are whitish, the visible portion of the hairs on these parts being white; at the base, or next the skin, they are of a deep grey colour, and so are those on the abdomen ; but here, though the hairs are tipped with white, the grey tint shows itself to a greater degree. The ears are thickly clothed with long white hairs on the inner side; externally they are pencilled with black and white, in about equal proportions, but at the base they are clothed with the same dense fur as that of the head, and this is black. The fore-legs, like the outer surface of the ears, are pencilled with black and white, the black becoming more con- spicuous towards the toes, which are covered with black hairs. The hind-legs and tarsi ‘are chiefly of a brown-white hue, but on the toes there is a considerable admixture of black ; the hairs which cover the nails and the sides of the toes are almost entirely black. The tail is of the same colour as the body at the base, and has the apex black ; the portion covered with black hairs is rather less than that clothed with the paler fur. The following new Australian Mammals were also characterized by Mr. Gould :— Bexipea ariet. Bel. pallidé cinerea, lined dorsali, a basi rostri Jere usque ad basin caude extensd, circulo interrupto ad basin auris, membrandque laterali supra nigrescentibus, hac ad latera flavescenti-albd ; corpore subtis pallide flavo ; caudd gracili ad apicem nigrd ; auribus mediocribus ; pedibus pallidis. une. lin. Longitudo ab apice rostri ad caude basin.... 6 0 erkdae Pe Gm be (Ail cine Hel it @ QUTIS) s\0 0). 0s Whole ie : gives $41 O58 ab apice rostri ad basin auris .... 1 34 Two specimens of this species of Flying Phalanger were received by Mr. Gould from Port Essington. In size and proportions it ap- proaches most nearly to the Belidea breviceps, being considerably less than the Petaurus sciureus of authors ; but it is readily distinguished by its general pale colouring, and more especially by the pale yellow tint of the under parts of the body. The tail is slender as in B. bre- viceps, Waterh. ; the fore and hind-feet are of a pale yellowish hue in one specimen ; in the other the fore-feet have a pale brownish tint: a narrow black mark, commencing between the eyes, runs along the back, and extends nearly to the root of the tail ; a narrow blackish line surrounds the eyes, and a black ring encircles the base of the ears, but is interrupted under the ear, which is sparingly clothed with minute hairs, excepting at the base externally, where they are covered with 12 fur like that on the head, and which is of a black colour, forming a | portion of the dark ring before mentioned ; and on the hinder margin of the ear, at the base, is a fringe of pale yellowish hairs. ‘The upper surface of the head is of a paler hue than the upper parts of the body, 2 which are of a pale ash-colour, slightly tinted with yellowish ; the upper surface of the lateral membrane is blackish, and so is the ante- rior portion of the fore-arm and region cf the wrist; a dusky tint is also observable on the posterior part of the hind-leg. Mus penicittatus. Mus griseo-fuscus, vellere fere ut in M. de- cumano ; corpore subtis pedibusque albis flavo lavatis ; auribus mediocribus, postice subemarginatis ; caudd corpore capiteque paulo longiore, gracili, dimidid apicali pilis longis nigris vestitd. une. lin. Longitudo ab apice rostri ad caude basin.... 7 3 ——————— COU. cei ivccrercccsacs 79 ab apice rostri ad basin auris ..... 1 54 tarsi digitorumque...... 2.2.0.5. Lind as GUIS Ls scala ey wants sts mb 0 73 Hab. Port Essington. This species of Rat is rather less than the Mus decumanus ; in the character of its fur it nearly resembles that animal, but the hairs are » rather more adpressed ; the colouring of the upper parts of the body also nearly resembles that of M. decumanus; there is, however, a rusty tint in the region of the occiput and on the back of the neck. Around the angle of the mouth, the chin, throat, and all the under parts of the body, as well as the feet and inner side of the legs, are white, with a faint yellow tint, which might be described as cream- colour ; and the hairs on these parts are of an uniform colour to the roots, excepting on the chest, where they are grey next the skin. The tail is long and slender, sparingly clothed at the base with minute bristly hairs, as in most species of the genus ; but about the middle of the tail the hairs assume a black colour, and are longer, and towards the apex they soon attain a considerable length, measuring at and near the tip half an inch or more. The ears are narrower than usual, somewhat pointed, and slightly emarginated behind ; they are sparingly clothed with minute hairs. Mus uirsutus. Mus vellere hirsuto, corpore supra fuscescente pilis nigris crebré commiatis, subtis fulvescens, fusco rufoque tincto ; auribus mediocribus ; caudd longd pilis nigris, aliquanto longis, vestitd ; dimidid apicali pilis longioribus, his ad apicem caude rufescentibus. Of this large and curious Rat, Mr. Gould regretted that he did not possess a perfect skin; the somewhat mutilated skin which he exhibited, together with a perfect skeleton, however, displayed cha- racters very distinct from other species of Mus. Compared with the known species of that genus, he observed it approached most nearly to the Mus giganteus of Hardwicke ; it is equal in size to that animal, and has the same coarse shaggy fur, but is readily distinguished by its well-clothed tail, the hairs on this part being much longer than 13 usual in the genus, especially on the apical half, where the scales are hidden by them ; those at the point of the tail measure upwards of an inch in length, and at the distance of two inches from the point they average about an inch in length; on this part they have a rusty hue, but on the remaining portions they are black. On the upper parts of the body the shorter hairs are of a yellowish brown colour, but the longer interspersed hairs being numerous, and of a black colour, give a deep general tint to these parts. The under parts of the body are of a rusty yellow colour, tinted with brownish on the neck and chest, and having a more decided rust-colour on the abdo- men. The skull approaches that of Mus giganteus in general form, but is rather narrower and longer ; the palatal portion is broader, and the incisive foramina are shorter, terminating posteriorly, about one- eighth of an inch anterior to the foremost molars ; whilst in M. gi- ganteus these foramina terminate in a line with the front molars, or rather behind that line; the nasal bones are longer and rather nar- rower, and the occipital portion of the cranium is decidedly smaller. The principal dimensions, taken from the skeleton, are as follow :— in. lin. Length from tip of nasal bones to end of sacral vertebree 10 4 MIE OT TAU) si oie nid 3) oie aa e'aye Say he aidando sei ERE OS * Length of tarsus and claws .......... Ad whsd tape thi 2 8% Meriear cae GUE ee es SURFS WP a ee Oe 2° 65 UE UF 2 Rn ae Be Tae 1 3? Length of nasal bones .........- +--+ sees e eee 1 08 Distance between incisors and molars of the upper jaw. O 94 Width between molars ..... picitig ty x ty aot age dad ens si piven lis. ste Length of incisive foramina ............-+..05-+0% 0 5 SEER GH OCCIDIG LS Stow va siels toe Peres oe SORE AU 0 8 Mus pexicatutus. Mus supra pallide fusco-flavus ; corpore ad latera flavescente, subtis albo ; caudé mediocri supra fuscd, subtis ad basin albescenti ; auribus parvulis ; pedibus gracilibus, albis. ‘ une. lin. Longitudo ab apice rostri ad caude basin.... 2 5 CORE Aas wiv one ste eno 5: 2 2 tarsi digitorumque.......... see S ab apice rostri ad basin auris .... O 8 PRR S i She, 0 OWE wo oie Wa ato’ 0 32 In colouring the present species greatly resembles the Mus syl- vaticus of Europe, but it is a trifle paler; its size is less than that of the common mouse (Mus musculus, Auct.). The fur is soft and short ; that on the upper parts of the body is of a pale yellow-brown colour. The sides of the body are of a delicate yellow tint, and the lower parts of the sides of the muzzle, the chin, throat, and whole under parts, as well as the feet, are pure white; along the mesial line of the abdomen and on the throat the hairs are of an uniform colour to the base. The feet are slender, and the ears are rather 14 small. The tail is slender, and nearly equal in length to the head and body. Two specimens exhibiting the above characters were exhibited by Mr. Gould. The reading of Prof. Owen’s memoir on the Myology of the Apte- ryx was commenced. 1 February 8, 1842. William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair. Some notes on the habits of the Horned Screamer (Palamedea cornuta, Linn.), by William Martin, Esq., Secretary to the Clifton Zoological Gardens, were read. , These notes were communicated by the President, the Earl of Derby, and are drawn up from observations made upon a specimen of the Palamedea living in the Clifton menagerie. “The Horned Screamer was presented to the Society early in June 1839, by Capt. Rees of Bristol. On its arrival in this country it was exceedingly thin and weak. It had been fed during the voy- age principally upon Indian corn, but had a little chopped boiled meat occasionally. ‘The weather being very mild, it was placed in a turfed aviary, used generally for pheasants, some water-cresses and other aquatic plants being procured; but it was soon evident that we had not discovered a proper substitute for its natural food. Think- ing one day that it manifested a desire to get at some roses which were trained upon the aviary, I gave it one of the flowers, which it ate eagerly. It was then thought, that, as it was so domesticated and familiar, the feathers of one wing should be cut, and the bird turned loose into the garden and watched, to see what plants it would pre- fer. The rose-trees were the favourite plants, the flowers, young shoots and leaves being eagerly eaten. Since this time it has al- ways been turned out every morning in mild weather to roam about the garden, and it is very fond of creeping up close to the gardeners, and watching them at work, although it does not appear to be from any desire to obtain worms or insects. It seldom wanders very far from its aviary, and in the afternoon is always found waiting to be let in. In winter it is allowed its liberty in the parrot aviary, which is heated by one of the Arnott stoves, and close to which it may generally be found. Even in moderately sharp weather, if it be dry, we find it better to let it go out for a short time; but .then, instead of creeping leisurely about, it bustles off to its favourite plants, and very soon returns ; but it will not bear confinement in a cage. At the present time /ettuce is its principal food, but it has also Indian corn, hemp-seed, sopped bread, and a little boiled sheep’s head. Small stones seem also necessary, and it is very fond of swallowing small pieces of the coal used in the stove, which is anthracite. Owing to the difficulty and expense of procuring a sufficient quan- tity of lettuce during the frost of last winter and that of the year before, the poor bird became very thin and weak, but quickly rallied upon again getting this food. In the summer, when on the lawns, it will eat grass, which it chips off with its beak in a very singular No. CIX.—Proceepines or THE Zootoericat Sociery, 16 manner. I have tried it several times with a frog, but it has always been refused. When we first had it the horn upon the head was about four inches long; but as it used to stand so close to the stove, it became burnt down to about an inch, and is now grown again con- siderably. “The spurs upon the elbows of the wings are nearly two inches long, and of amazing strength and hardness; they are truly formi- dable weapons. We have several varieties of dogs, which are kept in single kennels, in different parts of the garden, but they always re- treat upon the approach of the Screamer; and whilst the bird con- tinues close, nothing will induce them to come out, at least those that have once felt the spur. I have several times seen it standing close to a door of a kennel, with its head erect and looking very proud, making a sound which one could only look upon as a chal- lenge to the dog to come forth. As the mode of attack is so sly and unexpected, none are at first prepared for it. Throwing its neck and head backwards and forwards, and uttering at the same time a low note, it advances sideways up to the dog, and when close enough turns half-way round, and quietly raising its wing, delivers such a blow that no dog that we have will face it a second time. It is not meant that a dog could not be made to resent such an attack, but only that of their own accord they seem unwilling to do so. ‘It is, however, exceedingly familiar, and would become attached to any one that would notice it kindly, and with me will often make a kind of purring noise when being patted and caressed. Still I have seen it run after children when they have been teasing it. «* On one or two occasions it has recovered the use of its wing sooner than expected, but it never flew beyond the garden—alighting upon the top of its aviary, flying off again, wheeling round in a circle and returning. In their wild state I should consider these birds good flyers ; their long wings and light bodies, with a most complete appa- ratus of external air-cells, would conduce to that result. I hardly know why it should be called a screamer; no noise that I have ever heard it make could be called a scream. It has certainly a tolerably sharp cry, and also a lower note or cry, somewhat resembling the trumpet-note of a peacock, but not so loud; both appear to be notes of pleasure and satisfaction, and may generally be called forth in the following manner. If for instance the bird is on the lawn, and any of those knawn to it should pass close by, it will utter one or two of the lower notes, and if encouraged by the person endeavouring to imitate the same note, it will utter two or three more, and finish with one of the shrill notes; it will then often lie down to be patted and caressed. Its walk is rather ludicrous, partaking both of state- liness and awkwardness. The head is carried high and well, but as its toes are so long it is compelled to raise each foot very high, in order to get it clear of the other, and this produces the appearance described. In standing, the toes of one foot are crossed a good deal over those of the other. “It has evidently more confidence in man, and seems also to have more intelligence than most birds,”’ ci en 17 The reading of Professor Owen’s memoir on the Myology of the Apteryx was continued. Mr. Gould then brought before the notice of the Meeting some additional ornithological novelties from Australia, and character- ized an Artamus, conspicuous for the white colouring of the rump, as ARTAMUS LEUCOPYGIaLIs. Art. capite, guld, et dorso fuliginoso- cinereis ; pectore, partibus inferioribus, et uropygio albis ; rostro pallide ceruleo-cinereo. Head, throat and back sooty grey; primaries and tail brownish black, washed with grey; chest, all the under surface, and rump, pure white ; irides brown; Dill light bluish grey at the base, black at the tip; legs and feet mealy greenish grey. Total length, 53 inches; bill, +3; wing, 53; tail, 24 ; tarsi, 3. Hab. Australia. A new Pitta, being the third species of that form from the Austra- lian continent, as Pirra Iris. Pitt. capite, collo, pectore, abdomine, lateribus, et fe- moribus nigerrimis ; fascid superoculari, ad occiput ductd ferru- gined ; corpore supra, alisque ex aureo viridibus, humeris metallice ceruleis et fascid inferiore lazulind ornatis. Head, neck, breast, abdomen, flanks and thighs deep velvety black; over the eye, extending to the occiput, a band of ferruginous brown ; upper surface and wings golden green; shoulders bright metallic cerulean blue, bordered below with lazuline blue; primaries black, passing into olive-brown at their tips; the third, fourth, fifth and sixth having a spot of white about the centre of the feather; tail black at the base, green at the tip, the former colour running on the inner web nearly to the tip; rump-feathers tinged with cerulean blue; lower part of the abdomen and under tail-coverts bright scarlet, separated from the black of the abdomen by yellowish brown ; irides dark brown ; bill black ; feet flesh-colour. Total length, 7 inches; bill, 11; wing, 4; tail, 12; tarsi, 14. Hab. Cobourg Peninsula, north coast of Australia. Mr. Gould then pointed out the generic characters of ‘two new genera of Finches, the first of which he proposed to designate Genus EmBiEema. Rostrum feré quam caput longum, conicum (ut in genere Ploceus). Ale mediocres; remige prima parvula, quatuor proximis inter se zqualibus ; tertiariis elongatis. Cauda mediocris, et fere quadrata, vel paululim rotundata. Pedes plantigradi, digitis gracillimis ; digito intermedio externis longiore, illis inter se zequalibus. Empiema Picta. mb. facie et guld saturate miniaceis ; vertice et corpore supra fuscis ; pectore et corpore subtis nigris crebré albo- guttatis, abdomine medio miniaceo adsperso. 18 Face and throat deep vermilion red; the base of all the feathers of the throat black, giving that part a mingled appearance of black and red ; crown of the head, all the upper surface and wings, brown ; rump deep vermilion-red ; tail dark brown; chest and all the under surface jet-black, the flanks numerously spotted with white, and the centre of the abdomen dashed with vermilion-red; feet light red; upper mandible black, under mandible scarlet, with a triangular patch of black at the base. Total length, 3} inches; bill, 5%; wing, 24; tail, 13; tarsi, %. Hab. The north-west coast of Australia. From the collection of B. Bynoe, Esq. And the second, Genus Pokruita. Gen. char.—Rostrum ad basin tumidum, et igittr feré tam latum et profundum quam longum. Al/@ mediocres, remige prima parvula, secunda tertia quarta et quinta inter se feré zqualibus; digitis gracilibus, medio externis longiore, illis inter se equalibus; digito postico, medio vald@ breviore. Cauda cuneiformis, rectricibus duabus intermediis productis. This form is nearly allied to Hrythura and Estrelda. Type, P. acuticauda (Amadina acuticaudu, Gould in Proc. Zool. Soc., Part VII. p. 148). PoiipHita pErsonaTa. Poé. rostro ad basin fascid irregulari ni- gerrimd circumdato, vertice, dorso, alis, cauddque pallide cinna- momino-fuscis. Base of the bill surrounded by an irregular ring of deep velvety black ; crown of the head, upper surface and wings, light cinnamon- brown; lower part of the abdomen banded with deep velvety black ; lower part of the rump and under tail-coverts white; upper tail- coverts white, striped longitudinally with black on the outer side; tail graduated, and of a deep blackish brown; irides red ; bill bright orange ; legs and feet flesh-red. Total length, 32 inches; bill, $3; wing, 23; tail, 2; tarsi, as Hab. The northern parts of Australia. Mr. Gould then characterized two new species of the genus Ptili- nopus, Swainson, as P. Swainsonii and P. Ewingii; the first in honour of the founder of the genus, and the second in honour of the Rev. T. J. Ewing, of Van Diemen’s Land. Pritinopus Swainsonu. Pil. fronte et vertice splendidé coccineis, héc colore lined angustd flavé nisi apud frontem cincto; pectore sordideé viridi, singulis plumis ad apicem bifidis, more furcule, cujus apices macula triangulari argenteo-cinered notantur ; abdo- mine medio aurantiaco ; caude apice late flavissimo. Forehead and crown deep crimson-red, surrounded, except in front, with a narrow ring of light yellow; back of the neck greyish green ; all the upper surface bright green tinged with yellow, the green becoming deep blue towards the extremities of the tertiaries, which 19 are broadly margined with yellow; primaries slaty grey on their inner webs, green on the outer, very slightly margined with yellow ; tail deep green, largely tipped with rich yellow ; throat greenish grey, stained on the chin with yellow in some specimens; in others the chin is white ; breast dull green, each feather forked at the end, and with a triangular silvery grey spot at either extremity; flanks and abdomen green, with a large patch of orange-red in the centre of the latter; under tail-coverts orange-yellow; thighs green; irides red- dish orange ; bill greenish black, horn-colour at the tip; feet olive- brown. Total length, 9 inches; bill, 3; wing, 53; tail, 33; tarsi, 3. Hab. The brushes of the River Clarence and Moreton Bay. Pritinorus Ewineu. P. fronte et vertice roseis, héc colore lined flava nisi ad frontem cincto ; pectore virescenti-cinereo plumis bi- fidis, et ad apicem pallidé cinereis ; fascia infra pectorali pallid sulphured ; abdomine medio saturat® aurantiaco, cum lunuld cen- trali helvo-ceruleé ; caude rectricibus ad apicem fiavis, non sine tincturd viridi presertim in rectricibus duabus intermediis notanda. . Forehead and crown of the head rose-pink, bordered, except in front, by a narrow line of yellow; back of the head and neck green- ish grey; all the upper surface bright green, passing into deep blue on the tertiaries; primaries, secondaries and tertiaries slightly mar- gined with yellow ; tail largely tipped with yellow tinged with green, particularly on the two centre feathers; chin pale yellow; sides of the neck and chest greenish grey, each feather forked at the end and tipped with grey; below the chest an indistinct band of sulphur- yellow ; flanks and lower part of the abdomen green; centre of the abdomen rich orange, in the middle of which is a lunar-shaped mark of lilac; under tail-coverts orange; thighs and tarsi green; irides reddish orange ; feet olive. Total length, 73 inches ; bill, 3; wing, 43; tail, 3; tarsi, 3. Hab. Port Essington. Mr. Gould next instituted a new genus among the Columbide, under the appellation of Genus GEorHaps. Gen. char.—Rostrum perbreve et robustum. Oculi cute denudata circumdati. Ale perbreves et rotundate, apicibus latis. Tursi mediocres digitis longiores. Digitus internus paululim ceteris longior. Of this form a new species was described as GEoPHAPS PLUMIFERA. Geo. capite cristd occipitali ornato; hac sic et vertice, colli lateribus, pectore et alarum pagind inferiore pallide ferrugineis ; gula alternatm albo nigroque fasciato ; pectore lunulis duabus albis inter se junctis cuspidemque mediam efficienti- bus, ornato. Lores and orbits naked, and of a yellowish red; head furnished with a lengthened occipital crest, which, with the crown, sides of the 20 neck and chest, and under part of the wing, is light ferruginous ; chin black ; throat banded alternately with white and black, the latter colour extending to the ear-coverts; on the chest two semilunar marks of white, which, meeting, form a point in the centre ; middle of the abdomen light buff; under tail-coverts brown, with lighter edges; back of the neck, back, rump and upper tail-coverts, rufous brown ; wings light ferruginous, with tle basal half of the feathers silvery grey, the two colours separated by a transverse band of black ; primaries rufous brown; secondaries rufous brown, with a large patch of bronzy purple towards their tips; tail black; bill black ; feet reddish brown. Total length, 7 inches; bill, 2; wing, 33; tail, 2 ; tarsi, {. Hab. The north-west coast of Australia. From the collection of B. Bynoe, Esq. A second genus of this tribe of birds was then characterized as Genus OcypHaps. Gen. char.—Caput crista occipitali elongata. Ale pauld breves, re- mige tertid gradatim ad apicem coarctata. Cauda mediocritér elongata, et rotundata. Tarsi et digitus intermedius eadem lon- gitudine. Digitus internus externo brevior. Type, Columba Lophotes, ‘Temm. A second example of the genus Pedionomus was described as Pepronomus microurus. Ped. a P. Torquato diversus, staturd minore, collo haud torque circumdato, caudd feré carente. Crown of the head, back and upper surface mottled with black, brown, and fawn-colour, the latter occupying the external edge of the feathers, and the black and brown forming alternate circular markings on each feather ; throat, neck, chest and flanks dull fawn- colour; the feathers of the neck and chest blotched with brown ; flanks marked with the same colour, assuming the form of bars ; tail- feathers, which are almost invisible, marked the same as the back ; centre of the abdomen and the under tail-coverts buffy white, with- out spots or markings ; irides straw-yellow ; bill yellow, passing into black at the point; feet greenish yellow. Total length, 44 inches; bill, }4; wing, 31; tarsi, 7. The above are the measurements of an old male. Hab. Plains of the interior of South Australia. Differs from P. torqguatus in its smaller size, in the absence of the collar, and in the almost total absence of tail. Mr. Gould also brought before the notice of the Meeting a new species of Megapodius, from the north coast of Australia, which he characterized as M. Tumulus, and read a very interesting account of its habits, which tends to confirm the opinion he had previously ex- pressed, that Megapodius Talegalla and Leipoa form part of one great family of birds, whose range will be found to extend from the Phi- lippines to Australia. Mecaropius trumutus. WM. capite, et cristd saturate cinnamomino- 21 Fuscis ; nuchd, et corpore subtis saturate cinereis ; dorso, alisque cinnamomino-fuscis ; tectricibus caude, crissoque saturate casta- neis ; pedibus permagnis. Head and crest very deep cinnamon-brown ; back of the neck and all the under surface very dark grey; back and wings cinnamon- brown; upper and under tail-coverts dark chestnut-brown; tail blackish brown; irides generally dark brown, but in some specimens light reddish brown; bill reddish brown, with yellow edges; tarsi and feet bright orange, the scales on the front of the tarsi, from the fourth downwards, and the scales of the toes dark reddish brown. Total length from 15 to 17 inches; bill from 1} to 14; wing from 94 to 10; tail from 4 to 44; tarsi from 25 to af “Hab. Cobourg Peninsula, on the north coast of Australia. 22 February 22, 1842. William Horton Lloyd, Esq., in the Chair. The reading of the Second Part* of Prof. Owen’s Monograph on the Apteryx australis, Shaw, including its Myology, was completed. The following is the descriptive portion of this communication : — Muscuzs or THE SKIN. No detailed description of the muscles of the skin in Birds has been given either in the systematic works on comparative anatomy, or in particular treatises ; these muscles appear indeed in general to be too irregularly or too feebly developed to have attracted much attention ; brief notices are recorded of some peculiarly developed cutaneous muscles, as those which spread the plumes of the peacock, and erect the hackles of the cock; the compressors of the subcuta- neous air-cells are noticed in the anatomical account of the Gannett (Sula Bassana}), and a more constant cutaneous muscle, viz. that which supports the crop in gallinaceous birds, is briefly mentioned and figured by Hunter f. In the Apteryz, the subject of the present Myography, the cuta- neous system of muscles presents a more distinct and extensive development than has hitherto been met with in the class of Birds— a condition which is evidently connected with the peculiar thickness of the integument, and probably with the burrowing habits of the “present species, which possesses in this structure the power of shaking off the loose earth from its plumage, while busy in the act of excavating its chamber of retreat and nidification. Constrictor collimThe whole of the neck is surrounded by a thin stratum of muscular fibres, directed for the most part transversely, and extending from an attachment along the median line of the skin at the back of the neck, to a parallel raphé on the median line of the opposite side: this muscle is strongest at its commencement or anterior part, where the fibres take their origin in a broad fasciculus from the outer part of the occipital ridge ; these run obliquely down- wards and forwards on each side of the neck, but are continued uninterruptedly with those arising from the dorsal line of the skin above mentioned; the direction of the fibres insensibly changing from the oblique to the transverse. The outer surface of this muscle is attached to the integument by a thin and dense layer of * See Transactions of the Zoological Society, vol. ii. part 4. p. 257, Splanchnology and Osteology. + Proceedings of Zoological Society, 1832, p. 91. t In description of pl. 10, vol. i. of Physiological Catalogue of Hunterian Collection, by Owen, 4to. 1833-1841. 23 cellular tissue, devoid of fat; the under surface is more loosely con- nected with the subjacent parts by a more abundant and finer cellu- lar tissue. Use.—To brace the cervical integument, raise the neck feathers, and in combination with the following muscle to shake these parts. Sterno-cervicalis.—Origin. Fleshy, from the posterior incurved process of the sternum, from the ensiform prolongation and middle line of the outer and posterior surface of the same bone. Insertion. The fibres pass forward, and diverging in gently curved lines, ascend upon the sides of the broad base of the neck, and are inserted by a thin but strong fascia into the median line of the dorsal integument. This muscle is a line in thickness at its origin, but becomes thinner as it expands; the anterior part is covered by the posterior fibres of the constrictor colli. Use.—To retract the skin of the neck, and brace that portion which covers the base of the neck; when these are the fixed points, it will depress and protract the sternum, and thus aid in inspiration. Obs.—In its position and the general course of the fibres, this muscle is analogous to that which supports and assists in emptying the crop in the common fowl; but the cesophagus presents no par- tial dilatation in the Apteryx, and the situation of the crop is occu- pied by a large mass of fat enclosing one or two absorbent glands. Sterno-mazillaris.—This muscle appears at first view to be the anterior continuation of the preceding, but is sufficiently distinct to merit a separate description and name. Origin. Fleshy; from the ' anterior part of the middle line of the sternum. Jns. It passes di- rectly forwards along the under or anterior part of the neck, expand- ing as it proceeds, and gradually separating into two thin symme- trical fasciculi, which are insensibly lost in the integument covering the throat and the angle of the jaw. It adheres pretty closely to the central surface of the constrictor colli, along which it passes to its insertion. Use.—Yo retract the fore-part of the skin of the neck, and also the head. Each lateral portion acting alone would incline the head to its own side: the whole muscle in action would bend the neck ; but the movements of the head and neck are more adequately and immediately provided for by the appropriate deeper-seated muscles, and the immediate office of the present muscle is obviously connected with the skin. Nevertheless, in so far as this muscle acts upon the head, it produces the same movements as the sterno-mastoideus in Mammalia ; and it is interesting to observe, that in the long-necked Ruminants (as the Giraffe), the sterno-mastoid muscles arise by a common origin, and the insertion is by an extended fascia into the angles of the jaw: I consider, therefore, that the sterno-mastoid is represented by the sterno-mazillaris in the Apteryz, the only bird in which this muscle has hitherto been described. Dermo-transversalis.—The skin covering the dorsal aspect of the lower two-thirds of the neck, besides being acted upon by the con- strictor colli, is braced down by a thin stratum of oblique and some- what scattered fibres, which take their origins by fascie attached to 24 the inferior transverse processes of the sixth to the twelfth cervical vertebre inclusive; the fibres pass obliquely upwards and_ back- wards, and are inserted by a thin fascia into the median line of the skin, covering the back of the neck. Platysma myoides.—The representative of this cutaneous muscle is a thin triangular layer of muscular fibres, taking their origin from the outer side of the ramus of the jaw, and diverging as they descend to spread over the throat, and meeting their fellows at a middle raphé of insertion beneath the upper larynx and beginning of the trachea, which they thus serve to compress and support. Dermo-spinalis.—Origin. By a thin fascia from the ends of the spinous processes of the three anterior dorsal vertebrae. Ins. The fibres slightly converge to be attached to the integument covering the scapular region. Dermo-iliacus.-—_Origin. Fleshy, from the anterior margin of the ilium. Jns. The fibres pass forwards and slightly converge to be in- serted into the scapular integument. Dermo-costalis—A muscle resembling the preceding in form. Origin. Fleshy, from the costal appendages of the seventh and eighth ribs. Jns. The fibres pass forwards and join those of the preceding muscle, to be inserted into the scapular integument. Obs. 'The three preceding muscles are broad and thin, but well- defined ; they would appear to influence the movements of the rudi- mentary spur-armed wing through the medium of the integument, as powerfully as do the rudimental representatives of the true muscles of the anterior extremity. There are also two muscles belonging to the cutaneous series, and inserted directly into the bones of the wing. One of these, the dermo-ulnaris, is a small, slender, elongated muscle, which takes its origin from the fascia beneath the dermo-costalis ; its fibres pass backwards, and converge to terminate in avery slender tendon which expands into a fascia, covering the back part of the elbow joint. Use. To extend the elbow joint and raise the wing. The dermo-humeralis is also a long and narrow strip, deriving its origin from scattered tendinous threads in the subcutaneous cellular tissue of the abdomen: it passes upwards, outwards and forwards, and is inserted fleshy into the proximal part of the humerus, which it seems to depress*. * In Mammalia the cutaneous muscles form a more continuous stratum than in the Apteryx and other birds, and hence have been grouped together under the common term panniculus carnosus; they have also, in general, both their origins and insertions in the integument; but in Birds, in which the integument supports so extraordinary an abundance of the epi- dermic material under the form of feathers, the muscles destined to its especial motions require a more fixed attachment from which to act. The Rhinoceros, in which the integuments, from the thickness and density of its corium, is in a similar condition as regards the resistance to be overcome by the skin-muscles, presents an analogous condition of its panniculus car- nosus, having it divided into several distinct muscles, most of which take their origin from bone or fasciz attached to bone. to uo Muscurs oF THE TRUNK. A. On the Dorsal Aspect. The muscles on the dorsal aspect of the vertebral column in Birds have only of late years received any attention from Comparative Anatomists: they have been mentioned rather than described by Tiedemann and Meckel: Carus has given a side-view of the super- ficial layer of muscles in the Sparrow-hawk ; their best description is contained in the second edition of the ‘ Lecons d’Anatomie Com- parée’ of Cuvier. The muscles of the back are in general so feebly developed in birds of flight, that they were affirmed by Cuvier to be wanting altogether in the first edition of the ‘ Lecons.’ And this is almost true as respects their carneous portion, for they are chiefly tendinous in Birds of Flight. In the Struthious birds, and in the Penguin, in which the dorsal vertebre are unfettered in their movements by anchylosis, these muscles are more fleshy and conspicuous; but they attain their greatest relative size and distinctness in the Apéeryz. From the very small size of the muscles which pass from the spine to the scapula and humerus in the Ap/eryz, the true muscles of the back, which correspond to the second layer of the dorsal muscles in Man, become immediately visible on removing the dorsal integu- ments and fascie; they consist of the sacro-lumbalis, longissimus dorsi, and spinalis dorsi. The first two muscles are blended toge- ther at their posterior origins, but soon assume the disposition cha- racteristic of each, as they advance forwards. The sacro-lumbalis is a strong and fleshy muscle, six lines in breadth, and three or four lines in thickness: it is, as usual, the most external or lateral of the muscles of the back, and extends from the anterior border of the ilium to the penultimate cervical vertebra. Origin. By short tendinous and carneous fibres from the outer half of the anterior margin of the ilium, and by a succession of long, strong, and flattened tendons from the angles of the fifth and fourth ribs, and from the extremities of the transverse processes of the third, second, and first dorsal vertebre ; also by a shorter tendon from the transverse process of the last cervical vertebra; these latter origins represent the musculi accessorii ad sacro-lumbalem ; they have not hitherto been described in the class of Birds: to bring them into view, the external margin of the sacro-lumbalis must be raised. These accessory tendons run obliquely forward, expanding as they proceed, and are lost in the under surface of the muscle. Insertion. By a fleshy fasciculus with very short tendinous fibres into the angle of the sixth rib, and by a series of corresponding fas- ciculi, which become progressively longer and more tendinous, into the angles of the fifth, fourth, third and second ribs, and into the lower transverse processes of the first dorsal and last two cervical vertebrz ; the last insertion is fleshy and strong; the four anterior of these insertions are concealed by the upper and outer fleshy por- tion of the sacro-lumbalis, which divides into five elongated fleshy bundles, inserted successively into the upper transverse processes of 26 the first three dorsal and last two cervical vertebre. These last in- sertions seem to represent the continuation of the sacro-lumbalis in Man, which is termed the cervicalis descendens or ascendens. Longissimus dorsi.—This muscle is blended posteriorly both with the sacro-lumbalis and the multifidus spine, and anteriorly with the outer portion of the spinalis dorsi. It extends as far forward as the thirteenth cervical vertebra. Origin. From the inner or mesial half of the anterior margin of the ilium; from a strong aponeurosis at- tached to the spines of the eighth, seventh and sixth dorsal vertebre ; and trom the transverse processes of the sixth, fifth, fourth and third dorsal vertebree. Ins. The carneous fibres continued from the second origin, or series of origins, incline slightly outwards as they pass for- ward, and are inserted into the posterior articular processes of the first three dorsal vertebrze, receiving accessory fibres from the spinalis dorsi. ‘The fasciculi from the transverse processes above mentioned incline inwards, and are also inserted into the posterior oblique pro- cesses of the vertebre anterior to them; they soon begin to form a series of oblique carneous fasciculi, which become more distinct as they are situated more anteriorly ; they are at first implanted in the vertebra next in front of that from which they rise, and then into the vertebra next but one in front ; so that the most anterior of these tendons of insertions, to which can be traced any of the fibres of the main body of the longissimus dorsi, is that which is implanted into the thirteenth cervical vertebra; it is this fasciculus which is joined by the first or most posterior of the fasciculi of the longus colli posticus. A series of oblique carneous fasciculi, evidently a continuation of, or part of the same system with those in which the longissimus dorsi terminates anteriorly, is continued between the upper transverse and the oblique processes of the vertebrz as far forward as the fourth cer- vical vertebra. This series of muscles seems to represent the trans- versalis colli*, which is the anterior continuation of the longissimus dorsi in Mammalia, but it differs in being inserted into the oblique, instead of the transverse processes. In the direction of their fibres these fasciculi resemble the semispinalis colli, but are inserted into the oblique processes instead of the spines of the vertebree. There are no other muscles with which they can be compared in the Mam- malia than these two, with neither of which however do they pre- cisely correspond ; they seem however clearly to represent the second series of oblique muscular fasciculi in the trunk of Fishes. Rather than hazard expressing an incomplete or false analogy, I shall term these collectively the fasciculi obliqui. Obliquus colli.—The fasciculi which rise from the first two dorsal and five lower cervical vertebre are joined near their tendinous ter- minations by corresponding fasciculi of the /ongus colli posticus, and the strong round tendons continued from the points of convergence * It is the ‘ grand transversaire’ of Cuvier, loc. cit. p. 282; but he describes it as passing from the anterior articular process of one vertebra to the pos- terior articular process of the next in front. 27 of these fascicles are inserted successively into the posterior oblique processes of the twelfth to the sixth cervical vertebra inclusive ; the two fasciculi next in succession receive no accessory fibres from the longus colli posticus; the anterior one derives an extensive origin from the upper transverse processes of the eighth, seventh, and sixth cervical vertebrae. It must be observed, however, that the whole of each fasciculus is not expended in the strong round tendinous inser- tion above described; the portion which arises from the anterior ridge of the transverse process passes more directly inwards than the rest, and is attached to the tendon which terminates the fascicu- lus immediately behind ; at the middle of the neck these accessory fibres approach to the character of distinct origins. The tendons of insertion, moreover, severaily receive accessory fleshy fibres from the base of the oblique processes of the two vertebre next behind ; and thus they become the medium of muscular forces acting from not less than five distinct points, the power of which is augmented by each tendon being braced down by the oblique converging series of muscles immediately anterior to it. The fasciculus from the eighth cervical vertebra, besides its insertion by the ordinary tendon, sends off externally a small pyramidal bundle of muscular fibres, which soon terminates in a long and slender tendon which is in- serted into the oblique process of the third cervical vertebra. Cor- responding portions of muscle are detached from the two anterior fasciculi, which converge and terminate in a common slender tendon inserted into the posterior oblique process of the fourth cervical ver- tebra; and thus terminates this complex muscle or series of muscles. Longus colli posticus—The most internal or mesial of the super- ficial muscles of the dorsal aspect of the thoracic and cervical regions, called cervicalis ascendens by Meckel, and compared in part with the spinalis dorsi by Cuvier, cannot be the representative of either of these muscles, since they both co-exist separately with it in the Apteryx. At its posterior part the muscle in question seems to be rather a continuation of the /ongissimus dorsi ; its anterior part offers a strong analogy with the mesial portion of the complerus and bi- venter cervicis ; it appears to me to be evidently the analogue of the first, or mesio-dorsal series of oblique fibres of the muscular system in Fishes, but I shall adopt the name of the longus colli posticus applied to it by Cuvier*. It commences by long and slender, but strong, subcompressed tendons from the spines of the sixth, fifth and fourth dorsal vertebre : these tendons gradually expand as they pro- ceed forwards and downwards, and send off from their under surface muscular fibres which continue in the same course, and begin to be grouped into distinct fasciculi at the base of the neck: the first of these bundles joins the fasciculus of the longissimus dorsi, which is inserted into the posterior articular process of the thirteenth cervical vertebra; the succeeding fasciculi derive their origins from a broad and strong aponeurotic sheet attached to the spines of the fourth, third and second dorsal vertebre ; the second to the eighth fasciculi * Lecons d’Anat. Comp., 2nd edit. vol. i, p, 284. 28 inclusive are compressed, broad and fleshy, and are inserted in the strong round tendons described in the preceding muscle, and attached to the oblique processes of the twelfth to the sixth cervical ver- tebre inclusive: the ninth fasciculus, which forms the main anterior continuation of the longus colli posticus*, is larger than the rest, and receives, as it advances, accessory fibres from the spinous processes of the seventh to the third cervical vertebrze inclusive, and is inserted, partly fleshy, partly by a strong tendon, into the side of the broad spine of the vertebra dentata. A slender fasciculus is detached from the mesial and dorsal margin of the Jongus colli posticus, near the base of the neck, which soon terminates in a long round tendon: this tendon is braced down by short aponeurotic fibres to the spines of the fifth to the second cervical vertebre inclusive, immediately be- yond which it again becomes fleshy, and expands to be inserted into the occipital ridge : this portion is the digasirique or biv xter capitis of Cuvier. Spinalis dorsi.—The displacement of the dorsal portion of the pre- ceding muscle and the Jongissimus dorsi brings into view the spi- nalis dorsi, which is a well-developed and distinct muscle in the Apteryx. Origin. By two long, narrow, flattened tendons, from the spines of the eighth and seventh dorsal vertebra : these pass obliquely downwards and forwards, expanding as they proceed, and terminate in two fasciculi of muscular fibres ; the posterior one passes forwards beneath the anterior one, and inclining inwards and upwards divides into two portions, inserted by long tendons into the spines of the second and first dorsal vertebree ; it then sends a few fibres forwards to join the outer and anterior fasciculus, which is partly inserted by a slender tendon into the spine of the last cervical vertebra: the rest of the fibres of the second fasciculus join the portion of the longis- simus dorsi which is implanted into the oblique process of the last cervical vertebra. The three inserted tendons of the spinalis dorsi are also the medium of attachment of fibres continued from the multifidus spine, beneath them. Multifidus spine.—The series of muscles so called arises by fleshy fibres from the transverse processes of the five last dorsal vertebre, which pass upwards, forwards and inwards, to be inserted by four flat tendons into the spines of the seventh to the third dorsal vertebrze inclusive, and by the tendons of the spznalis dorsi into the two an- terior dorsal spines. Obliquo-spinales.—The removal of this muscle brings into view a series of long, narrow, flat tendons, coming off from the spines of all the dorsal vertebrae, and slightly expanding as they proceed for- wards and obliquely downwards and outwards ; they become fleshy half-way from their origin, and are inserted into the posterior oblique and transverse processes of the six anterior dorsal vertebree, and into the posterior oblique processes of the three last cervical vertebree. Interspinales—The interspinales muscles do not exist in the * « Aecessoires du long postérieur du cou, Cuvier, loc. cit. p. 284. 29 region of the back, unless we regard the preceding oblique fibres as a modified representation of them. The most posterior fasciculus of muscular fibres, which is directly extended between the spinous processes, commences at the interspace of the spines of the two last cervical vertebrze, and the series is continued as far as the vertebra dentata. Interarticulares.—The muscles which form the more direct con- tinuation of the obliguo-spinales are continued from the posterior oblique or articular processes of one vertebra to the posterior arti- cular process of the next in front. Obliquo-transversales.—A third series of deep-seated intervertebral muscles is situated external to the preceding, and passes obliquely between the upper transverse process and the posterior articular process of the vertebra in front.. These fasciculi appear to be a continuation of the multifidus spine in the neck. Intertransversales.—There are also two series of short carneous fasciculi passing the one between the upper, and the other between ‘the lower transverse processes. Levatores costarum.—The first or most anterior of this series of muscles seems to represent the scalenus medius ; it arises from both the upper and lower transverse processes of the Jast cervical verte- bra, and expands to be inserted into the first rib, and into the upper and outer part of the second rib. The remaining levatores success- ively diminish in size as they are placed backwards; they come off from the transverse processes of the six first dorsal vertebrze ; those from the first and second expand to be inserted into the rib attached to the same transverse process and to the one next behind; the rest have a single insertion: the angle and the part of the rib imme- diately beneath are the situations of their attachments. B. In Front of the Neck. Longus colli.—This muscle is represented by a series of closely succeeding long, narrow fasciculi, arising from the hemapophyses of the sixth to the first dorsal and from the ten posterior cervical ver- tebre ; and sending narrow tendons, which increase in length as they are given off more anteriorly, obliquely forwards and outwards, to be inserted into the costal processes of all the cervical vertebre save the two first: the highest or foremost tendon is attached to the tubercle at the under part of the ring of the atlas; but this tendon is also the medium of insertion of a fasciculus of muscular fibres arising from the upper transverse processes of the sixth, fifth, fourth, third and second cervical vertebree. The Rectus capitis anticus major is continued, or arises by as many distinct tendons, from the five superior tendons of insertion of the preceding muscle ; these origins soon become fleshy, converge, and coalesce previous to their insertion into the base of the skull. The Rectus capitis anticus minor is a strong fleshy triangular muscle arising from the anterior part of the body of the first four cervical vertebree. 30 The Rectus capitis lateralis arises from the upper transverse pro- cesses of the sixth to the second cervical vertebra inclusive. The Intertransversales are short, ill-defined muscles, blended with aponeurotic processes which pass from one transverse process longi- tudinally to the next in advance. C. Muscles of the Tail. Levator caude.—Origin. From the posterior and superior extre- mity of the ischium. Jns. Into the spines of the caudal vertebre. Adductor caude superior.—This muscle is smaller than the pre- ceding, with which it runs parallel ; it rises below from the posterior extremity or tuber of the ischium, and is inserted into the transverse processes of the caudal vertebre. Adductor caude@ inferior.—Origin. From the tuber ischii, and the ligament connecting this with the posterior extremity of the pubis. Ins. Into the transverse processes of the caudal vertebre. Depressor caude.—Origin. From the under part of the middle line of pelvis. Ins. Into the inferior spines of the caudal vertebree. D. Muscles of the Abdomen. Obliquus externus abdominis—— Origin. Fleshy, from the second and third ribs; and by a strong aponeurosis from the succeeding ribs near the attachment of the costal processes, and from those pro- cesses. Ins. The fleshy fibres are continued from this aponeurotic origin to nearly opposite the ends of the vertebral ribs; they run almost transversely, very slightly inclined towards the pubis, to within half an inch of the linea alba, and there terminate, by an almost straight, parallel line, in their aponeurosis of insertion. ‘The fibres of this aponeurosis decussate those of the opposite side, and adhere to the tendinous intersections of the rectus beneath. The aponeu- rosis from the last rib passes to be inserted into a strong ligament extending between the free extremities of the ossa pubis, leaving the abdomen behind the last rib defended only by the internal oblique and transversalis. Obliquus internus abdominis.—Origin. From the whole of the an- terior and outer surface of the pubis; aponeurotic from the upper part, fleshy for half an inch from the lower or ventral extremity : the carneous fibres run longitudinally, and cannot be distinctly defined from the intercostales on their outer border, or from the rectus ab- dominis on their inner or mesial border, which forms the medium of the insertion of the internal oblique. “I Rectus abdominis.—I give this name to the mesial continuation of the preceding muscle, which arises by a strong, flat, triangular ten- don from the lower or ventral extremity of the pubis and from the inter-pubic ligament: it soon becomes fleshy ; the carneous portion is interrupted by three broad, oblique, but distinct aponeurotic inter- sections, and is finally inserted into the xiphoid and lateral processes of the sternum and the intervening fascia. Transversalis abdominis.—A layer of loose, dark-coloured cellular 31 tissue divides the internal oblique from the transverse abdominal, except at its origin from the pubis, and for half an inch anterior to that part. The transversalis then proceeds to derive carneous fibres from the inner surface of the vertebral ribs near their lower third ; they pass obliquely upwards and forwards, and terminate bya regular, slightly concave line midway between their origins and the extremities of the ribs; a strong aponeurosis passes thence to the linea alba, but becomes thin at the pubic region, where a mass of fat is interposed between it and the peritoneum. Diaphragm.—This muscle presents more of its normal mammalian character in this than in any other known bird. It is perforated by vessels only, in consequence of the non-development of the abdominal air-cells. The origin corresponding to that of the lesser muscle in Mammalia is by two strong and distinct, short tendinous pillars, from the sides of the body of the last costal vertebra; they are united by a strong tendon or fascia, forming the anterior boundary of the aortic passage. ‘The tendinous pillars may be traced forward for some way in the central aponeurosis, expanding without crossing; they are then lost in that aponeurosis, which is perforated by the gastric arte- ries and veins; divides anteriorly to give passage to the gullet and the apex of the heart; the aponeurosis expands over the anterior part of the thoracic air-cells, and becomes, at its lateral circumfe- rence, the point of attachment of muscular fibres arising from the inner surface of the anterior ribs, and forming apparently a continu- ation of the transversalis abdominis. Intercostales externi.—Origin. From the posterior edge and ex- tremity of the costal processes or appendages. Ins. They run down to be inserted severally into the rib posterior to that to which the process affording them origin is attached. These processes are sup- ported by strong triangular aponeuroses continued from their anterior and upper margins, severally, to the rib anterior to them. A strong muscle arises from the anterior or costal angle of the scapula, and passes backwards to be inserted into the extremity of the third vertebral rib and its corresponding sternal portion. This muscle is a direct inspirator. Muscuzs or tHE ANTERIOR EXTREMITY. Serratus magnus anticus.—This muscle consists of three portions ; the first and anterior portion arises by a short, strong aponeurosis from the last cervical rib, and is inserted into the lower edge of the anterior two-thirds of the scapula: the second middle portion arises from the lower end of the second vertebral rib, near the attachment of the costal process, and from the anterior margin of the same rib, and is inserted into the lower edge of the posterior two-thirds of the scapula: the third, posterior and smallest portion rises from the costal process of the third rib, and ascends to be inserted into the posterior extremity of the scapula. This muscle is a direct inspirator: by drawing down the scapula it depresses the sternum through the medium of the strong coracoi- B 32 deum, increases the angle between the vertebral and sternal ribs, and - dilates the thoracic air-cells. ’ Levator scapule.—This seems to be the most anterior portion of the series of muscles which constitute the serratus magnus. Origin. Two flat fleshy strips from the inferior transverse and costal processes of the last and penultimate cervical vertebre. Jns. Into the inner and upper side of the middle third of the scapula. It depresses as well as draws forwards the scapula, and thus aids the serratus in the action of inspiration. Serratus anticus minor.—Origin. From the outer part of the costal process of the sternum. Jns. Into the posterior part of the base of the coracoideum. Trapezius.—This flattened oblong quadrilateral muscle arises from the fascia, extending upon the back from the spinous processes of the posterior cervical vertebre, and is inserted into the conjoined extremities of the scapula and coracoideum. There is no representative of the rhomboidei. Latissimus dorsi.—This muscle consists, as usual in Birds, of two portions, both of which have their origin from a continuation of the fascia (attached to the dorsal spines) which also gives origin to the trapezius: the fibres of the smaller and anterior slip converge to their insertion: the fibres of the posterior and broader strip are slightly twisted, the posterior edge being folded inwards as they also converge to join the preceding, and to be inserted with it into the posterior and inner side of the proximal extremity of the humerus. Deltoides.— This is a single long and narrow triangular muscle, of which the base is attached to the conjoined extremities of the scapula and ccoracoid, and to the capsule of the shoulder-joint; the apical insertion is into the upper and outer third of the humerus, which this muscle directly raises. ; Infraspinatus.—A muscle which may be compared either to the infraspinatus or teres major comes off from the lower margin of the anterior two-thirds of the scapula, passes behind the shoulder-joint, where it is closely attached to the scapula, and is inserted into the inner and posterior part of the proximal end of the humerus. Musculi pectorales.—The pectoral muscles, which present their feeblest condition and lowest development in the Apteryz, are never- theless similar in number and arrangement to those which in some birds of flight are known to outweigh all the other muscles of the body. The pectoralis major is represented by two very thin triangular layers of muscular fibres, the anterior of which is three lines broad at its base, and is attached to the sternum immediately exterior to the perforation of that bone: the second, posterior, and somewhat narrower portion, rises immediately behind the preceding, from the osseous bridge separating the perforation from the notch; the two portions converge as they extend upwards and outwards to unite and be inserted into the anterior and internal surface of the proximal third of the humerus. The pectoralis medius seu secundus is a similar, thin, feeble, but 4 33 broader triangular layer of carneous fibres ; which arise anterior to the preceding, just below the coracoid socket of the sternum, and converge as they wind over the shoulder-joint to be inserted into the upper surface of the proximal extremity of the humerus, of which they thus become an elevator. The pectoralis minor seu tertius arises above and between the ori- gins of the pectoralis secundus and the anterior strip of the pectoralis major, also partly from coracoid process ; its fibres converge to be in- serted into the proximal end of the humerus, above and behind the pectoralis major. Coraco-brachialis.—This is represented by two small strips of mus- cular fibres which rise from the posterior part of the coracoideum, and are inserted, one directly below the other, into the proximal third of the humerus. Obs.—The close adherence to the ornithic type of the muscular system of the anterior extremity in the Apteryxr is very remarkable, especially as regards the position and course of the pectoralis medius, since the physiological conditions of the circumstances attending that muscle are wanting in the Apferyz. Here we have a true bird, exhibiting a remarkable modification of the whole ornithic structure, in reference to exclusively terrestrial life and nocturnal habits ; and we learn, I think, from this adherence to a typical organization, in a very rare exception, that the teleolo- gical conclusions respecting that typical construction, as it is mani- fested in the general rule, are in no ways affected by such an excep- tion; because the modification of one part necessarily affects that of many others, perhaps of the whole body. If, for example, the fixa- tion and structure of the lungs require a broad sternum and con- comitant modifications of the coracoid and scapula for the mecha- nical part of the respiratory process, then it may be more convenient for the levator of the humerus to rise below that bone from the sternum, and actin the due direction by a modification of its course ; although the locomution of the bird may in no way be facilitated by the aggregation of muscle beneath the centre of gravity, nor the size of the levator be such as to render its particular position a matter of any consequence in regard to that centre. The motions of the rudimental wing and its terminal hook would seem to be produced as much by the cutaneous muscles which con- verge to be inserted into the integument connected with it, as by the feeble representatives of the true wing-muscles above described. Muscuzs or THE PostER10R ExTREMITY. The most superficial of the muscles on the outer side of the leg is that broad thin expanded one which combines the functions of the tensor vagine and rectus femoris, and also, according to some anato- mists, as Cuvier and Meckel, those of the gluteus maximus ; since however it is exclusively inserted into the leg, I shall describe it with the other muscles moving that segment of the posterior extremity. The removal of this muscle, of the sartorius, and the biceps cruris, is requisite to bring into view the glutai. B2 . 34 Gluteus externus.—The external gluteus (gluteus medius of Meckel), as in most Mammalia, is smaller than the middle or internal glutez, but is relatively larger in the Apferyz than in birds of flight, in which it is described as the pyriformis by Cuvier. This muscle, however, besides its origin from the outside of the pelvis, overlaps part of the gluteus medius, and has its insertion into the femur at some distance below the great trochanter, all of which are marked characteristics of the gluteus magnus. Origin. It takes its origin from the superior margin of the os innominatum, extends along an inch and a quarter of that margin, directly above the hip-joint, and is chiefly attached by distinct short tendinous threads, which run down upon the exter- nal surface of the muscle: it rises also by carneous fibres from the external surface of the innominatum for three lines below the superior margin. Insertion. The fibres converge and pass into a tendinous sheet, beginning on the external surface of the muscle half-way down its course, which ends in a broad, flat, strong tendon, inserted into a rising on the outer side of the femur nearly an inch below the great trochanter. It abducts and raises the femur. Gluteus medius.—Origin. A large triangular, strong and thick muscle, has an origin of three inches extent from the rounded an- terior and superior margin of the ilium, and from the contiguous outer surface of the bone for an extent varying from an inch to eight lines. Jns. Its fibres converge toa strong, short, broad and flat ten- don, implanted in the external depression of the great trochanter, having a bursa mucosa interposed between the tendon and the bony elevation anterior to the depression. Gluteus minimus.—Origin. It rises below the preceding muscle from the anterior and inferior extremity, and from one inch and three-fourths of the inferior and outer margin of the ilium, and con- tiguous external surface, as far as the origin of the gluteus medius ; also by some fleshy fibres from the outside of the last rib. Ins. These fibres slightly converge as they pass backwards to terminate in a broad flat tendon which bends over the outer surface of the femur, to be inserted into the elevation anterior to the attachment of the gluteus magnus. A muscle which may be regarded either as distinct, or a strip of the preceding one, arises immediately behind it from half an inch of the outer and inferior part of the ilium ; its fibres run nearly parallel with those of the gluteus minimus, and terminate in a thin flat tendon, which similarly bends round the outer part of the femur, to be inserted into the outer and under part of the trochanter imme- diately below the tendon of the gluteus medius. ‘This muscle is peculiar to the Apteryx, and the preceding portion, or gluteus mini- mus, is absent in most birds. Use.—All the preceding muscles combine to draw the femur for- wards, and to abduct and rotate it inwards. Iliacus internus.—This is a somewhat short thick muscle, of a pa- rallelogrammic form, fleshy throughout; rising from the tuberosity of the innominatum in front of the acetabulum immediately below the gluteus minimus, and inserted at a point corresponding to the inner 35 trochanter, into the inner side of the femur near the head of that bone, which it thus adducts and rotates outwards. This muscle is present both in the Ostrich and Bustard, but Meckel says it is want- ing in the Cassowary.—Arch. xiii. 261. Pyramidalis.—The same kind of modification which affects the iliacus internus, viz. the displacement of its origin from the inner surface of the ilium to a situation nearly external, affects this muscle, which, from its insertion and triangular form, I regard as the ana- logue of the pyramidalis. It arises fleshy from the outer surface of the extended ischium for the extent of an inch, and converges to a broad flat tendon which is inserted into the trochanter femoris oppo- site, but close to, that of the gluteus minimus, which it opposes, ab- ducting and rotating the femur outwards. Adductor brevis femoris.—A small, long and slender muscle arises from the innominatum immediately behind the acetabulum, passes over the back part of the great trochanter, becomes partially tendi- nous, and is inserted into the back part of the femur in common with the following muscle. Adductor longus. —A long broad and thin muscle, separated from the preceding by the ischiadic nerve and artery. The origin of this muscle extends one inch and a quarter from near the upper margin of the innominatum which is behind the acetabulum ; it is joined by the preceding strip, and is inserted into the whole of the lower two- thirds of the back part of the femur. Adductor magnus.—This broad and flat muscle has an extensive origin (two inches) from the outer edge of the ischium and the obturator fascia ; its fibres slightly diverge as they pass downwards to be inserted into the back part of the lower half of the femur, and into the upper and back part of the tibia. Obturator internus.—This arises from the inner side of the oppo- site margins of the pubis and ischium, where they form the posterior boundary of the obturator foramen, and from the corresponding part of the obturator fascia; the fleshy fibres converge in a slightly pen- niform manner to the strong round tendon which glides through the notch, separated from the rest of the foramen by a short, strong, transverse, unossified ligament, and is inserted into the posterior part of the base of the trochanter. In its length and size this muscle re- sembles the corresponding one in the Ostrich and other Struthious birds. Gemellus.—This is represented by a single small fleshy strip arising from the margin of the obturator foramen, close to the emer- gence of the tendon of the obturator internus, with which it is joined, and co-inserted into the femur. Quadratus.—I consider a broad fleshy muscle which arises from the pubis, below the obturator foramen, and which increases in breadth to be inserted into the femur internal and posterior to the obturator tendon, to be the true analogue of the guadratus femoris. Mouscuzs or THE Lee. Tensor vagine and Rectus femoris.—The largest and most remark- 36 able of the muscles which act upon the bones of the leg is that already alluded to as the most superficial of those on the outer side of the thigh, It has a broad, thin, triangular form, arises from the spines of the sacrum by a-strong but short aponeurosis which soon becomes fleshy; the carneous fibres converge as they descend*, and pass into a thin aponeurosis at the lower third of the thigh: this is closely attached to the muscles beneath (vastus externus and crureus), then spreads over the outer and anterior part of the knee- joint, is inserted into the patella, and into the anterior process of the head of the tibia. Owing to the great antero-posterior extent of the origin of this muscle, its anterior fibres are calculated to act as a flexor, its pos- terior ones as an extensor of the femur: all together combine to abduct the thigh and extend the leg, unless when this is in a state of extreme flexion, when a few of the posterior fibres glide behind the centre of motion of the knee-joint. Sartorius.—The origin of this muscle is proportionally as much extended as that of the preceding, with which it is posteriorly conti- nuous: it comes off aponeurotic, from the anterior and superior margin or labrum of the ilium; the fibres soon become fleshy, and the muscle diminishes in breadth and increases in thickness as it de- scends: it is inserted by short and strong tendinous filaments ob- liquely into the anterior part of the tendon of the broad rectus, and into the upper and anterior end of the tibia. Its insertion is partly covered by the internal head of the gastrocnemius. It bends and adducts the thigh, and extends the leg. Biceps flexor cruris.—This is a single muscle, corresponding with the preceding in the characteristic modifications of its extended ori- gin, in relation to the great antero-posterior development of the pel- vic bones. It is exposed by the removal of the broad rectus. Orig. By a broad and thin aponeurotic tendon, which at first is confluent with that of the rectus, but soon becomes distinct. Jns. The fleshy fibres converge as they descend along the back and outer part of the thigh, and finally terminate in a strong round tendon, which glides through a loop formed here principally by a splitting of the tendinous origin of the gastrocnemius externus, and is inserted into the process on the outside of the fibula one: inch from its proximal extremity. By means of the loopt the weight of the hinder parts of the body is partially transferred, when the leg is bent, to the distal end of the femur; and the biceps is enabled, by the same beautiful and simple * They are not divided into a superficial and deep layer, as in the Ostrich, but form a simple stratum, as in the Cassowary. Meckel regards the rectus as entirely wanting in the Cassowary, supposing the present muscle to be the analogue of the gluteus maximus and tensor vagine united. He says that Professor Nitzch observed a like absence of the rectus femoris in the Emeu. The muscle which these anatomists call the rectus in other birds, is astrip of the crureus, arising high up from the femur, and which in the Ostrich takes its origin from the os pubis. + Which in the common fowl is formed chiefly by a ligament extended from the back of the outer condyle of the femur to the head of the tibia. 37 mechanism, to effect a more rapid and extensive inflection of the leg than it otherwise could have produced by the simple contraction of its fibres. Semimembranosus.—Origin. From the side of the coccygeal ver- tebre, and from the posterior end of the ischium ; it crosses the superficial or internal side of the semitendinosus. Ins. Into the fascia covering the gastrocnemius and the inside of the tibia. Semitendinosus.—This muscle arises from the posterior and outer part of the sacrum and ischium: it is a flattened triangular muscle, which receives the square accessorius muscle from the lower and posterior part of the femur. It gradually diminishes as it descends, and having passed the knee-joint, sénds off at right angles a broad and square sheet of aponeurosis, which glides between the two ori- gins of the gastrocnemius internus, and is inserted into the lower part of the angular ridge continued from the inside of the head of the tibia. The terminal tendon, continued from the apex of the muscle, then runs along the outer or fibular margin of the internal head of the gastrocnemius, and becomes confluent with the terminal tendon of that muscle. Crureus.—This is a simple but strong muscle: it commences at the upper and anterior part of the thigh by two extremities, of which the outer and upper one has its origin extended to the base of the trochanter; the inner and inferior comes off from the inner side of the femur, beneath the insertion of the gluteus magnus ; the two por- tions blend into one muscle much earlier than in the Ostrich. Gracilis.—On the inner side of the crureus, but more super- ficially, lies a narrow, compressed, long muscle, which rises by two heads, one from the anterior and upper part of the femur, the other from the os pubis ; both soon become blended together and transmit a broad thin tendon to be inserted into the lower and lateral part of the patella with the erureus. Vastus internus.—Two other muscles succeed the preceding, and rise beneath it from the inner and anterior part of the femur; they have a similar insertion, and obviously represent the vastus internus. The fibres converge to a middle aponeurosis, which increases to a strong short tendon, inserted into the upper and anterior projection of the tibia. Popliteus.—This small muscle is brought into view when the super- ficial muscles of the leg which are inserted into the foot are re- moved. Its carneous fibres extend from the fibula inwards and down- wards to the tibia. It is of relatively smaller extent than in the Cassowary. Gastrocnemius.—This consists, as in other birds, of several distinct portions, the chief of which correspond with the external and inter- nal origins of the same muscle in the Mammalia. The gastrocne- mius externus has two strong, narrow, rather flattened tendinous origins, which are attached, one about a line below the other, to the external ridge above the outer condyle of the femur; they are continued into each other about an inch below their bony attach- ments, and thus form a loop or pulley (lined by a synovial sheath) 38 through which the tendon of the biceps glides; a strong ligament from the outer ridge of the fibula passes backwards to be attached to the confluence of the two tendons. The carneous fibres of the external gastrocnemius come off from the outer side of the inferior of these tendons, and from the fascia covering the outer surface of the muscles of the leg: they are continued in a somewhat penniform arrangement two-thirds down the leg, upon the inner surface of the muscle, where they end inastrong subcompressed tendon. ‘This joins its fellow tendon, from the internal gastrocnemius, behind the ankle- joint, and both expand into a thick, strong, ligamentous aponeurosis, which extends over three-fourths of the posterior part of the tarso- metatarsal joint. The lateral margins of this fascia are bent down under the flexor tendons behind the joint, and become continuous with a strong ligamentous layer gliding upon the posterior surface of the distal condyles of the tibia, and attached to the tendons of the peroneus and tibialis anticus; the conjunction of the thickened ten- dons of the gastrocnemii with this deeper-seated layer of ligamento- tendinous substance constitutes a trochlear sheath lined by synovial membrane, through which the flexor tendons of the toes glide. The synovial membrane of the ankle-joint is continued upwards half an inch above the articular surface of the bone, between it and the cartilaginous pulley. Below the joint the margins are inserted into the lateral ridges of the tarso-metatarsal bone, becoming gradually thinner as they descend, and ending below in a thin semilunar edge directed downwards. The gastrocnemius internus has two powerful heads, one from the femur, the other from the tibia; the first arises fleshy from the in- ternal condyle of the femur, expands as it descends, and receives additional fibres from the lower edge of the accessorius semitendi- nosi. About one-fifth down the tibia, this muscular origin, in the right leg, terminated in a short flattened tendon, which became at- tached to the imner side of the tibial portion of the gastrocnemius internus. In the left leg the tendon soon divided; one portion passed to the soleus, the other went to join the tibial portion of the gastrocnemius internus. The second head, which is separated from the preceding by the insertion of the semitendinosus, arises partly from the internal and anterior part of the strong fascia of the knee-joint by short tendinous fibres, which almost immediately become fleshy, and partly from a well-defined triangular surface on the inner and ante- rior aspect of the head of the tibia: the fleshy fibres converge, receive the tendinous slip from the femoral portion, and end on the inner side of the muscle in a strong flattened tendon, about two- thirds down the leg: this joins the tendon of the gastrocnemius ex- ternus, and is inserted as described above. Soleus.—A slender flattened muscle arising from the inner and posterior side of the tibia, the tendon of which joins that of the gas- trocnemius internus, behind the tarsal joint. The flexor perforatus of the inner toe lies immediately anterior to the external gastrocnemius ; it arises fleshy from the outer condyle of the femur, below the tendinous origin of that muscle, and terminates 39 in a slender flat tendon half-way down the leg. Its tendon glides behind the tarsal joint through the sheath of the gastrocnemius, ex- pands beneath the metatarsal joint, perforates the flexor of the proxi- mal phalanx of the third toe, and then bifurcates to be attached to the sides of the second phalanx, giving passage to the perforans tendon of the last phalanx. Flexor perforatus of the middle toe.—This arises by very short tendons from the proximal end of the fibula, and from the ligament attached to the bicipital pulley: it continues to derive a thin stratum of fleshy fibres from the fascia covering the anterior surface of the muscles of the leg: the fleshy fibres terminate half-way down the leg in a flattened tendon, which pierces the tendon of the first per- foratus of the middle toe, then runs forward to the outer toe, expands into a thick ligamentous substance beneath the proximal phalanx, and sends off two tendinous attachments on each side, one to the proximal, the other to the second phalanx, and is continued to be finally inserted into both sides of the third phalanx. Flexor perforatus digitorum pedis is the strongest of the three ; it arises fleshy from the posterior part of the distal extremity of the femur, above the external condyle, and also by a distinct tiattened tendon, one inch in length, from the proximal end of the tibia: this -tendon moreover receives the long slender tendon sent off obliquely across the front of the knee-joint from the pectineus, by which its origin is extended to the pelvis. ‘This accessory tendon perforates the inner fleshy surface of the muscle, and is finally lost about half- way down the carneous part. Before the flexor digitorum is joined by the tendon of the pectineus, it subdivides posteriorly into four muscular fasciculi: the anterior division receives principally the above tendon. ‘The muscle becomes wholly tendinous two-thirds down the leg ; its tendon passes through the posterior part of the pulley of the gastrocnemius, and expands as it passes along the metatarsus : a thick ligamentous substance is developed in it, opposite the joint of the proximal phalanx of the second toe, into the sides of which it is inserted, dividing for that purpose, and giving passage to the two other flexor tendons of that tue. The second portion of the present muscle terminates in a tendon situated behind the preceding, which passes through a distinct sheath behind the tarsal joint, expands into a sesamoid fibro-cartilage beneath the corresponding expansion of the previous tendon, which it perforates, and then becomes itself the perforated tendon of the second phalanx of the second toe, in the sides of which it is inserted. The third portion of this muscle ends in a somewhat smaller tendon than the preceding. ‘The fourth and most posterior portion soon becomes a distinct muscle; its fleshy fibres cease on the inner side, one-fourth down the leg, but on the outside they are continued three-fourths down the leg: its tendon passes through the gastrocnemial pulley behind the ankle-joint, and divides to form a sheath for the first perforatus of the fourth toe ; it is then joined by a tendon passing through a pulley across the ex- ternal malleolus, and finally becomes the perforated tendon of the first metacarpal bone of the middle or third tve. 40 Pectineus (Rectus anticus femoris of Meckel).—This is a long, thin, narrow strip of muscle arising from the spine of the pubis, ante- rior to the acetabulum, and passing straight down the inner side of the thigh; it degenerates into a small round tendon near the knee, which tendon traverses a pulley, formed by an oblique perforation in the strong rotular tendon of the extensors of the leg, and thus pass- ing across the knee-joint to the outer side of the leg, finally expands, and is lost in the flexor perforatus digitorum last described. It is this muscle which causes the toes to be bent when the knee is bent. Peroneus longus.—Origin: tendinous from the head of the tibia, and by carneous fibres from the upper half of the anterior margin of the tibia; these fibres pass obliquely to a marginal tendon, which becomes stronger and of a rounded form where it leaves the muscle. The tendon gives off a broad, thin, aponeurotic sheath to be inserted into the capsule of the tarsal joint ; it is then continued through a synovial pulley on the side of the outer malleolus, and is finally in- serted or continued into the perforated tendon of the middle toe. Tibialis anticus.—This muscle is overlapped and concealed by the peroneus; it arises partly in common with that muscle, and partly by separate short tendinous threads from the outer part of the head of the tibia; it gradually becomes narrower, and finally tendinous two-thirds of the way down the leg; its strong tendon glides through the oblique pulley in front of the distal end of the tibia, expands as it passes over the ankle-joint, and is inserted into the anterior part of the proximal end of the tarso-metatarsal hone, sending off a small tendinous slip to the aponeurosis covering the extensor tendons of the toes, and a strong tendon which joins the fibular side of the following muscle. Extensor longus digitorum.—This lies between the tibialis anticus and the front and outer facet of the tibia, from which it derives an extensive origin; its tendon commences half-way down the leg;runs along the anterior part of the bone, first under the broad ligamentous band representing the anterior part of the annular ligament, then through a ligamentous pulley, and inclines to the inner or tibial side of the anterior surface of the metatarsal bone, where it expands and divides into three tendons. Of these the innermost is given off first, and subdivides into two tendons, one of which goes to be inserted into the base of the last phalanx of the second toe; the other portion is principally inserted into the middle toe, but also sends off a small tendon to the inner side of the proximal phalanx of the second toe. The second tendon is inserted by distinct portions into the second, third and last phalanges of the middle toe. The third tendon supplies the outer toe. Extensor brevis digitorum.—A small extensor muscle arises from the insertion of the tibialis anticus, and sends its tendon to the outer side of that of the great evtensor digitorum. Lixiensor pollicis brevis.—An extensor of the small innermost toe arises from the upper and inner side of the tarso-metatarsal bone. Flexor perforans digitorum.—This strong penniform muscle arises fleshy from nearly the whole of the outer surface of the fibula, also 41 from the posterior part of the tibia and the interosseous space; the tendon of the biceps perforates its upper part in passing to its in- sertion. It ends in a strong flat tendon at the lower third of the leg, which tendon runs through a particular sheath at the back part of the tarsal pulley, becomes thickened and expanded as it advances forwards beneath the tarsus, receives a strong accessorial tendon from the muscle which bends the innermost toe, and finally divides into three strong perforating tendons, which bend the last joints of the three long toes. In the outer, or fourth toe, both the perforans and perforaius ten- dons are confined by a double annular ligament; the exterior one being continued from the adjoining toe, the inner and stronger one from the sides of the proximal phalanx of the outer toe. The second and third toes have two perforated tendons; one in- serted into the sides of first, and the other into sides of second phalanx. Mr. Gould then proceeded to characterize a new species of Pera- meles from Port Essington,-and a new species of Dasyurus from the same locality. PERAMELES MACROURA. Per. corpore supra nigro et flavescenti- albo penicillato, infra sordidé albo; pilis rigidis obsito ; caudd pilis parvulis parce tectd, longitudine dimidio corporis equante ; supra nigrd, infra fuscescenti-albd ; auribus mediocribus. unc. lin. Longitudo ab apice rostri ad caude basin.... 16 3 COMMER MCN alveiaarie er Sor OS oi 7 3 ab apice rostri ad basin auris .... 3 4 — tarsi digitorumque........ 02024 ayer GUMIRI Ls OLR Se swh.j Joven Ea ota bad Hab. Port Essington. The P. macroura greatly resembles the P. nasuta, having the same elongated form of head, character of fur and colouring, but is distin- guishable by its longer tail. Dasyurus HALLucaTus. Das. supra flavescenti-fuscus, nigro- penicillatus, maculis albis ornatus ; corpore infra albo ; cauda im- maculatd ad apicem nigrd. une. lin. Longitudo ab apice rostri ad caude basin... 11 0 CREE 0 eS tok ais Lael ten 9570 wa ab apice rostri ad basin auris .... 2 6 tarsi digitorumque.............. 1 1S G08 g568. Fee § Incid ono-yiae oi) 140 Hab. Port Essington. ‘This species most nearly resembles the Dasyurus Geoffroii, but is of a smaller size, and has the thumb of the hind-foot more developed. Accompanying the specimen from which the above description is taken was another individual, which differs only in having the ground-colour of the body nearly black ; hence it would appear that the present species is subject to the same kind of variation in its 42 colouring as the Dasyurus Maugei, the black variety of which has received the name viverrinus. The following “‘ Monograph of Crassatella, a genus of Acephalous Mollusks (Family Mactracea),”’ by Mr. Lovell Reeve, was next read. The genus Crassatella was instituted by Lamarck for the purpose of associating certain bivalve mollusks that had been hitherto dis- tributed amongst the Mactre and the Veneres. Their shells exhibit an interesting peculiarity of character, differing from the former in being thick and solid, and for the most part covered with a strong brown epidermis ; and from the latter in the position of the ligament. The genus, however, as introduced by Lamarck, was yet imperfect; it included five species that could not easily be distinguished from his Amphidesmata, and was therefore susceptible of farther division. With the view of uniting the intermediate species of these genera, a new genus was proposed by Deshayes, under the title of Mesodesma, and J have found great convenience in adopting it in my ‘ Systematic Conchology.’ Thus out of eleven species described by Lamarck as Crassatella, six only can be allowed toremain. Since his time, how- ever, several new and important species have been discovered ; two have been described by Sowerby in the ‘ Proceedings’ of this Society, one by the same author in his ‘ Appendix to the Tankerville Cata- logue,’ and I have now the pleasure of exhibiting ten more, which I believe to be entirely new to science. To make this a complete monograph, I mention all the species, distinguishing the new ones by the addition of the specific charac- ters. 1. CrassaTELLa CASTANEA. Crass. testd ovato-trigond, gibbosd, umbonibus plané erosis, epidermide castaned, quasi politd nitente, indutd ; intis subfuscd ; latere antico rotundato ; postico angulifero, abrupto. Reeve, Conch. Icon.* Crassatella, pl. 1. f. 3. Long. 34; alt. 3 poll. Mus. Stainforth, Saul, Walton. Hab. ad oras Nove Hollandiz. The Crassatella castanea is the largest and perhaps the best defined species of the genus; its shell is covered with a shining horny epi- dermis, and both valves are singularly eroded at the umbones. I know of three specimens of this fine shell, and each of them fully exhibit this last-mentioned peculiarity. 2. CrassaTELLA Kinecicoza. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. v. p. 481; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Crassatella, pl. 1. f. 5. Hab. ad oras Nove Hollandiz. Mus. Stainforth. A specimen of this species, in the possession of the Rev. Mr. Stainforth, is the only one that I have seen. 8. CRASSATELLA DECIPIENS. Crass. testd ovatd, subgibbd, epider- mide fusca indutd, vividé radiatd, radtis ab umbonibus ad margines * Having made accurate drawings of the Crassatelle, with a view to publication at some future period, I venture to refer to a pictorial and de- scriptive repertory of species now in course of preparation, to be entitled «‘ Concnotoeia Icontca.” 43 sepe extensis ; latere antico subangulato, striis brevibus ornato ; postico subquadrato, parim productiore. Reeve, Conch. Icon. Crassatella, pl. 1. f. 4. Long. 23; alt. 24 poll. Hab. ad oras Nove Hollandie. Crassatella Kingicola, Nobis (falsd), Conch. Syst., vol. i. pl. 44. f. 3. This species, which has lately arrived from New Holland in great abundance, has been received by most collectors as the Crassatella Kingicola of Lamarck; I moreover regret that it has been errone- ously figured under that title in my ‘ Conchologia Systematica.’ This error was kindly pointed out to me by Mr. Sowerby, and I am now satisfied that the shell of Lamarck’s Crassatella Kingicola, which is accurately figured in the ‘Genera of Recent and Fossil Shells,’ is one of extreme rarity. Mr. Cuming possesses a gibbous variety of the C. decipiens, but it is not sufficiently distinct to demand especial notice. Mr. Owen is we believe engaged upon the anatomy of this species. 4. CrassaTELLA PULCHRA. Crass. testd ovato-trigond, depressd, obsolete radiatd, epidermide crassd, fibrosd, molliusculd, indutd ; transversim sulcatd, sulcis profundis, regularibus ; latere antico rotundato ; postico subangulato. Reeve, Conch. Icon. Crassatella, pl. 3. f. 16. Long. 27; alt. 2 poll. Mus. Cuming, Stainforth. Hab. ad oras Nove Hollandie. De Blainville appears to have figured this shell in his ‘ Manuel de Malacologie’ as the Crassatella sulcata of Lamarck ; but it is of a totally different form, nor does it agree with the Mactra sulcata of Bruguiére, to which he refers in the ‘ Encyclopédie Méthodique’ ; I therefore now propose to distinguish it by the above new title. The shell of the Crassatella sulcata approaches rather in form to that of the Crassatella rostrata, the anterior side of which is specially cha- racterized as being productiore ; the grooves too in that species run - irregularly across the valves, and are not parallel with the lines that mark the increase of growth. The shell of the Crassatella pul- chra, ou the contrary, is of a plain triangular form; the posterior side is but slightly produced, the grooves are very deep, and they run parallel with the lines of growth. 5. CRASSATELLA LAPIDEA. Crass. testd ovato-orbiculatd, epider- mide fibrosd indutd, umbonibus parvis, striatis ; intis subfuscd ; latere antico rotundato, abrupto, striis nonnullis brevibus ornato ; postico subangulato. Reeve, Conch. Icon. Crassatella, pl. 2. f. 7. Long. 12; alt. 14 poll. Mus. Cuming. Hab. ad insulam Negros, Philippinarum. Mr. Cuming met with one true pair only and a few odd valves of this species at the Island of Negros in coarse sand in seven fathoms ‘water. The shell somewhat resembles that of the Crassatella donacina, but may however be readily distinguished. 6. CrassaATELLA ponacinaA. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. v. p. 481. Reeve, Conch. Icon. Crassatella, pl. 3. f. 19. 44 This shell, figured in Delessert’s ‘ Recueil de Coquilles,’ pl. 4: f. 1, a, 6, is extremely rare. The only specimens I have seen are in the collections of Miss Saul and the Rev. Mr. Stainforth. 7. CRAssATELLA unDULATA. Sowerby, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1832, p. 56; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Crassatella, pl. 1. f. 2. a. and 6. 8. CrassaTELLA ANTILLARUM. Crass. testi trigono-ovaid, vix gibbosd, crassd, epidermide fibrosd indutd ; intits brunned, prope ad marginem albicante ; umbonibus subdepressis, leviter undulatis ; latere antico rotundato, postico subungulato. Reeve, Conch. Icon. Crassatella, pl. 2. f. 8. Long. 33; alt. 2 poll. Mus. Cuming. Hab. ad insulam Margaritta, Antillarum. Mr. Cuming informs me that this beautiful species was dredged up in the pearl-fisheries at the island of Margaritta in the West Indies. It is erroneously figured in Delessert’s ‘Recueil: de Co- quilles’ as the Crassatella rostrata of Lamarck. ‘The rich chocolate colour of the interior of this shell is very remarkable, approaching somewhat in that respect to that of the preceding species. 9. CRAssaTELLA JuBAR. Crass. testd subovatd, vald? inequilaterd, gibbosd, extis vivide radiata, radiis ferruginosis, ab umbonibus, jubarum similitudine, divergentibus ; ad utrumque latus irregulari- ter multistriata ; epidermide fusca, subquassd, sparsim indutd ; in- tis alba, ad extremitatem posticam brunned ; umbonibus plicatis, compressis ; latere antico inclinato, rotundato, postico arcuato, elongato, acuminato. Reeve,Conch.Icon.Crassatella, pl. 2. f. 11. Long. 23; alt. 13 poll. Mus. Cuming. Hab, Ad oras occidentales Nove Hollandiz. A single specimen of this fine shell was procured by Mr. Cuming in Hamburgh ; it had been received from that prolific portion of the globe above noted, and has made a valuable addition to the genus. It has the general form of the C. gibbosa; the sides are profusely striated, and the entire surface is richly illumined with brownish rays, diverging like solar beams from the umbones to the margin. 10. CrassaTELLA suLcaTA. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. v. p- 481; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Crassatella, pl. 2. f. 6. a. and 6. Hab. ad oras Nove Hollandie. This is another very rare species; I know of two or three odd valves, but only one true pair, which is in Mr. Cuming’s collection. 11. CrassaTELLA rostTraTA. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. v. p. 481; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Crassatella, pl. 2. f. 10. Hab. ad insulam Ceylon. The figures which have been just published by M. Chenu in De- lessert’s ‘Recueil de Coquilles’ as the Crassatella rostrata of Lamarck, are certainly not that species, nor do they at all correspond with his description of it, particularly in that part which says intis margine crenulato ; | have moreover every reason to believe that they are drawn from specimens of the new species from the island of Marga- 45 ritta, which we have called Crassatella Antillarum. The Crassatella rostrata is a well-known species from Ceylon, and the only large one of the genus that is distinctly crenulated at the margin. 12. CrassaTeLta ciBposa. Sowerby, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1832, p- 56; Reeve, Conch. Syst., pl. 44. fig. 2; and Conch. Icon. Cras- satella, pl. 1. f. 1. a. and b. 13. CRASSATELLA CORBULOIDES. Crass. testd suborbiculatd, valde . gibbosd, umbones versis profunde sulcatd, epidermide fuscd in- -dutd ; latere antico rotundato, postico producto, subitd rostrato. Reeve, Conch. Icon. Crassatella, pl. 2. f. 9. Long. 14; alt. 1 poll. Mus. Stainforth. Hab. ? The title of corbuloides is selected for this new and very character- istic species, on account of its short gibbous form; the anterior side is suddenly beaked, like some of the Corbule, and cannot well be confounded with the Crassatella gibbosa, to which it is nearly allied. 14. CrassaTELLA RADIATA. Sowerby, App. Tank. Cat.; Reeve, Conch. Syst., pl. 44. fig. 1; and Conch. Icon. Crassatella, pl. 3. f. 12. Hab. ad insulam Singapore. This species, originally describéd by Sowerby from a specimen belonging to the late Earl of Tankerville, was found by Mr. Cuming at the island of Singapore, in coarse sand at seven fathoms’ water. 15. CRASSATELLA SUBRADIATA. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. v. p- 482; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Crassatella, pl. 3. f. 15. a. and 6. I have little doubt but that the shell now before me, from the col- lection of the Rev. Mr. Stainforth, is the Crassatella subradiata of Lamarck. Unfortunately there does not exist any drawing of it, nor does it appear in Delessert’s ‘ Recueil de Coquilles,’ in which M. Chenu professes to illustrate all the species described by Lamarck that have not yet been figured. 16. CRASSATELLA CONTRARIA. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. v. p- 481; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Crassatella, pl. 3. f.18. Mus. Stain- forth, Saul. Venus contraria, Gmelin. Venus divaricata, Chemnitz. Crassatella divaricata, D’Orbigny. Hab. ad insulam Lancerotte, Canariarum. I have only seen three specimens of this very interesting shell. The above locality is quoted from D’Orbigny’s ‘ Mollusques des Isles Canaries ;’ it is the only species of Crassatella he found in that di- strict. 17. CrassaTELuLA ziczac. Crass. testd subtrigond, depressd, lute- old, epidermide tenui indutd ; radiis binis interruptis ab umbonibus ad margines divergentibus, lineis roseis, flecuosis, ubique pictd ; intus subrosaced ; latere antico breviculo, rotundato ; postico sub- angulato ; lunuld utrinque radiis roseis vivide virgatd. Reeve, Conch. Icon. Crassatella, pl. 3. f. 13. 46 Long. 1}; alt. 1 poll. Mus. Cuming. Hab. ad insulam Corrigidor, Philippinarum. This species was found by Mr. Cuming at the island of Corrigidor, in coarse sand at six fathoms water ; he possesses it in several stages of growth, all of which are covered with fine rose-coloured zigzag lines. 18. CrassaTELLA TRIQUETRA. Crass. testd trigond, solidd, rosa- ced, epidermide tenui indutd, transversim striata ; maculis roseis irregularibus vivide pictd ; intis rosaced, versis marginem albi- cante ; margine tenuiter crenulato ; lateribus subrectis, viz rotun- datis ; lunula utrinque magna, radiis roseis vivide virgatd. Reeve, Conch. Icon. Crassatella, pl. 3. f. 14. Long. 4; alt. 8 poll. Mus. Stainforth, Cuming, &c. Hab. ? I am unfortunately ignorant of the locality of this pretty little species ; it is of a warm rose-colour, radiately spotted with deep pink, and is of a solid triangular form. 19. CRassaTELLA oRNATA. Crass. testa trigond, subdepressd, pal- lidd, lineis spadiceis brevibus, longitudinalibus, varie pictd, trans- versim striatd ; ints albdque brunned, margine tenuiter crenulato, ‘latere antico rotundato, postico fleruoso, angulato. Reeve, Conch. Icon. Crassatella, pl. 3. f. 17. Mesodesma ornata ? Gray. Long. 12; alt. 7 poll. Mus. Stainforth. Hab. r A specimen of this shell, in the collection of Miss Saul, is the only one we have seen at present. The above title has been decided upon because there is an inaccurate figure of it in Griffith’s ‘ Cuvier’s Animal Kingdom’ with the name of Mesodesma ornata; it is not ac- companied with any description, but we believe it to be intended for this shell. 47 March 8, 1842. William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair. Various species of Reptiles, and some Fishes collected in the Niger Expedition, by Dr. Stanger, and presented by that gentleman to the Society, were exhibited. Mr. Waterhouse called the attention of the Members to two new species of Marsupial animals from South Australia, and forming part of a collection presented to the Society by J. B. Harvey, Esq.; one belonging to the genus Phascogale ; and the other, of which only an imperfect skin had been procured, Mr. Waterhouse observed, was evidently a new species of Perameles, nearly allied to the P. Lagotis of Mr. Reid, but differed from that animal in having much smaller ears, a less hairy tail, and in being of a brown colour above, pen- cilled with white. ‘The fur is dense and very soft; on the upper part of the body it is of a slate-grey colour next the skin; each hair of the ordinary fur is brownish white towards the apex, and shaded into deep brown at the point. The longer and less soft hairs are very broadly annulated with white near the point, and black at the the point. The fur on the under parts of the body is white—rather impure; and next the skin it is tinted with palish grey. On the side of the body and head a yellowish hue is observable. The ears are of moderate size, rather broad, and well clothed with hairs; on the inner side these are of a dirty white colour, slightly tinted with yellowish, and so are those on the outer side, excepting towards the margin, where they are of a brownish black hue. The tail is im- perfect ; it must have been, however, longer than in any known Perameles (excepting the P. Lagotis), the part attached to the skin measuring eight and a half inches. It is well clothed with hairs, which completely hide the skin, though they are rather short: on the upper part they are of a rich brown colour, excepting towards the apex, where they are longer and entirely white; on the under side they are dirty white. The feet are unfortunately wanting. ‘The length of the head and body is about sixteen inches, and the ear measures about one inch in length. Mr. Waterhouse gave to this animal the name of its discoverer, a Corresponding Member of the Society, and one to whom the Society is indebted for very many valuable collections. Its principal cha- racters may be thus expressed :— PeraMetes Harveyi. Per. pilis mollibus; corpore supra fusco alboque irrorato, infra albo; caudd longd, supra fuscd, infra et ad apicem sordide albd. Hab. Port Adelaide. Nos. CX. CXI. & CXJI.—Proceepines or tur Zoot. Soc. 48 The Phascogale presents the following characters :— PuascogaLe aupires. Phase. pilis brevibus et permollibus ; corpore supra nigro et flavescenti-irrorato, infra albo; pedibus albis ; cauda longa supra fuscescente, infra fusco-albd, une. lin. Longitudo ab apice rostri ad caude basin.... 3 9 ns ad basin auris .... 0 105 ae GUFISME TG Ree kc ee ae Oe Or Or? re COUN go ww ce te mace cinse saws 3 2 tarsi digitorumque.........- Gen ey ae Hab. Port Adelaide. The fur in this little animal is shorter than in other species of Phascogale hitherto described, and extremely soft; it is of a deep slate-grey colour next the skin, but externally, on the upper parts of the body, the colour is brownish, a tint produced by the admixture of black and yellow, the hairs being annulated with the latter colour near the point, and black at the point. The under parts of the body are greyish white, each hair being deep grey and tipped with white. The feet are white. The tail is furnished throughout with very minute hairs. It approaches most nearly to the P. murina, but differs in being rather larger, in general colouring, and especially in having the tail of a dark colour, and not white, as in that species. 49 March 22, 1842. William Horton Lloyd, Esq., in the Chair. A letter from the Society’s Corresponding Member, E. L. Moore, Esq., dated Newfoundland, February 7, 1842, was read, and a young Harp Seal (Phoca Grenlandica, Miller) presented by that gentleman was exhibited. The following paper, by Mr. Lovell Reeve, entitled ‘‘ Descriptions of new species of Shells, principally from the collection of Hugh Cuming, Esq.,” was then read. Genus Bu.imus. Buuimvus smaracpinus. Bul. testd oblongo-ovatd, nitidd, viridi, apicem versus subpurpured ; fascia albd per anfractuum suturas decurrente ; aperturd rotundato-ovali, peristomate albo, reflexo. Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 173. fig. 6. Had. ad insulam Mindanao, Philippinarum. Long. 23 ; lat. 12 poll. The whorls of this shell exhibit a pleasing gradation of colour ; commencing at the apex in deep purple, it passes through pale yel- low to a bright sea-green. Genus HE rx. Herx Vatroni. Hel. testd ovatd, depressd, anfractibus ventricosi- usculis, ultimo superne productiore ; rubido-fuscd, radiis longi- tudinalibus obsolete pictd ; epidermide tenui, peculiariter maculosd, indutd; aperturd subquadrato-ovali, marginibus nigerrimis, dis- junctis ; labro acutissimé reflero. Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. i. pl. 166. fig. 23. Hab. ad insulam Ceylon, Long. 24; lat. 13 poll. I name this remarkable shell in honour of my friend William Walton, Esq., a zealous and assiduous collector ; it is of a dark ruddy brown colour, and has a very black polished lip; it is, how- ever, especially characterized by its curiously speckled epidermis. Genus SIPHONARIA. SrpHonarta cuaracteristica. Siph. testa orbiculari, conicd, extiis longitudinaliter costatd, costis irregularibus, interstitiis ni- gricantibus, apicem versus valde decorticatis ; intis nigerrimo- uscd, impressione musculari scabrd, profunde notatd ; impressione siphonali characteristice imbutd. Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 138. fig. 3. Hab, In sinu Panamensi. Long. 24; lat. 14; alt. 1} poll. 50 This shell approaches very closely to the Stphonaria gigas of Sow- erby ; we venture, however, after a close comparison between speci- mens of each in different stages of growth, to pronounce it a distinct species. It is of a more irregular form, and the separate impressions ~ of the muscle and the siphon are remarkably distinct. Genus Parmopuorus. Parmornorus corrucatus. Parm. testd elongato-quadratd, tenvi, depressd, extis leviter corrugatd ; vertice obtuso, prope ad partem posticam inclinato. Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 189. fig. I> Hab. ad insulam Madagascar. Long. 14; lat. 2 poll. Principally distinguished by the position of the vertex, which is more posterior than in any other species; the wrinkled sculpturing upon the outer surface is also a well-defined peculiarity. PARMOPHORUS INTERMEDIUS. Parm. testd ovatd, elevatiusculd, antice attenuatd ; extis radiis asperrimis, quasi serratis, ornatd ; vertice prominulo, incurvo; margine crenulato. Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 139. fig. 5 and 6. Hab. ad insulam Bohol, Philippinarum. Long. 2; lat. 3 poll. This beautiful little shell, which may be considered as intermediate in its generic characters between the Parmophori and the Emargi- nule, is most elegantly radiated on the outer surface, and the only species of this genus at present known that is serrated at the margin. Genus EMARGINULA. Emarcinuna conoipea. Enmarg. testd conoided, albicante, extis striis numerosis creberrimé radiatd ; vertice centrali, acuto ; mar- gine valde crenato, sinu marginali profunde inciso. Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 140. fig. 7. Hab. ? Long. 4; lat. 3; alt. $ poll. A very characteristic shell, in the collection of William Walton, Esq. Genus CALYPTRAA. CALYPTREA CINEREA. Cal. testd suborbiculari, extis a vertice ra- diatd, radiis spinis parvis numerosis irregulariter ornatis ; intds cinereo nitente, cyatho magno, albo, subpellucido, lateraliter flex- uoso. Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 144. fig. 4. Hab. Cape Horn. Diam. 12; alt. 1 poll. An immense number of these shells, just brought to England, were found attached to a single log of wood floating off Cape Horn. The interior is lined with a very dark, ashy, highly polished enamel, but the cup is of a pure transparent white, offering a remarkably rich contrast of colour. The exterior of the shell is irregularly covered with numerous small spines, becoming, as in most of the Calyptree, obsolete with age. April 12, 1842. The Meeting was adjourned to April 26th. April 26, 1842. William Horton Lloyd, Esq., in the Chair. The following ‘‘ Description of a new Dorsibranchiate Gasteropod, discovered at Madeira,” by the Rev. R. T. Lowe, was read. Class MOLLUSCA. Ord. GasrERopopa. Fam. Nupiprancura (Les Tritoniens, Lam.). Gen. Prpuipra. Char. Gen.—Corpus limaciforme, repens, oblongum; posticé com- presso-triquetrum, dorso abrupté (ut in Scy//ed) cristatum s. alato- carinatum ; apice attenuato, acuto. Caput anticé (ut in Thethye, L.) veliferum ; velo semicirculari, margine fimbriato-lacero, ciliolato : ore inter labia buccalia subtis, simplici. Tentacula (ut in Doride) duo. Orificium generationis ad colli dextrum. Branchie diplo- morph: s. in medio dorsi (ut in Doride) circa anum stellatim ramose, arbusculiformes, ramis pectinato-ciliatis; et per latera utrinque (ut in Tritonia Thethyeve) longitudinaliter biseriate, conico-papilliformes ; papillis apice subdivisis, ciliatis. Obs. Corpus totum glabrum, leve, subpellucidum. Oculi nulli. Spec. Peplidia Madere, nob. Hab. in mari Maderensi-atlantico, inter rupes littorales in aquis zestu relictis; rariss. { A single example of this beautiful and extremely interesting mol- lusk was discovered on the 24th of April, 1841, by Dr. Lister, in a pool left by the tide amongst a reef of rocks called the Gorgulho, situate a little to the west of Funchal. It presents a combination of generic characters, by which, if it approximates in each apart by turns to Doris, Thethys, Tritonia, and Scyllea, it differs notably from all. The large dorsal star-like tuft of branchie, and the tentacles, resem- ble those of Doris; but it differs totally in other characters : the veil .before the head, though smaller and differently fringed, together with the rows of branchiferous papilla down the back or sides, bring- ing it somewhat nearer Thethys, from which it is essentially distin- guished, as it is also from Trifonia and Scyllea, by its Doridian No. CXI.—Procerrpines oF tHE Zoou. Soc. a2 character of the ano-dorsal five-branched rose or star of branchie. And if agreeing with the last of these two genera in the carinate or crested tail, it is at once distinguished by the presence of the frontal veil. The whole upper surface of the animal, which is from one inch and a half to two inches and a half long, about one-third of an inch broad and half an inch high, is of a pale dull red, mottled or freckled with brighter orange-red and yellow, and thickly speckled all over with dark chestnut-brown spots and dots, which are larger and sub- confluent in two sublateral darker lines or rows, meeting behind the branchial star upon the back, and smaller on the sides and veil. The tentacles above, and the foot alone beneath are immaculate, the latter being pale pellucid flesh-colour, with the extreme edges yellow. The edges of the veil, and the tips of the dorsal or sublateral branchiferous papille are fimbriato-ciliate. Of the latter, there are two rows on each side: the lower consisting each of six small and inconspicuous or obsolete papille; the upper, each of three much larger and more elongate or subcylindric bodies, placed at equal di- stances from one another, two in advance, and the third a little behind the ano-dorsal rose. The head or apex of each of this third or last pair forks into two parts, one of which is subdivided or ciliferous, like the other pairs; the other branch of the fork is simple and cla- vate, ending abruptly in a dark red sort of knob or button. The orifice of generation is on the right side of the neck, beneath the first of the upper row of branchiferous papille. During the animal’s life it appeared simple, but on contraction after death it was found to be composed of two apertures close together ; the male organ be- ing exserted from the anterior. The ano-dorsal branchial tuft or star is very large, and placed at the top of a strong hump or protuberance; the vent being in its centre, as in Doris. It appears, in general, equally five-rayed ; but assumes occasionally, as it also does sometimes in Doris, the appear- ance of being composed of two bifurcated lateral, and a simple ante- rior branch or ray. Its divisions are regularly and beautifully pec- tinate. The caudal fin-like crest begins a little behind it; and its edge is crisped or irregularly notched and plicate, and even obsoletely ciliate here and there, or fimbriate. In swimming, this crest is stiffly expanded into a broad fin, ending abruptly behind, as in Cuvier’s fig. 4. of Scyllea pelagica (Mém. des Moll.), but with the edge even or entire. In a glass of sea-water, in which this animal lived more than six weeks, it had the usual habits of a Doris, but these with more acti- vity : swimming about violently when disturbed or when provided with a fresh supply of water, in which operation the hind part of the body, with the crested fin-like tail, is lashed from side to side with a strong and regular sculling motion ; the fore-part, with the head or veil expanded also to its full dimensions, being at the same time beat with equal force and regularity in a contrary direction, or obliquely upwards and downwards, stroke for stroke ; these parts (the veil and crest) performing thus alike the office of true fins. At night, espe- 53 cially when thus in motion, it appeared most brilliantly phosphores- cent; the light flashing progressively but very rapidly along the body, especially from all the branchial tufts and the edges of the veil and crest. At other times it remained quiescently adhering to the sides of the glass, or moving slowly up and down as if in search of food; seeming to use the veil as a feeler, but with the tentacles reflexed. Sometimes it crawled in the usual inverted posture along the surface of the water. It is by no means a shy or timid animal. After five or six days, it deposited in the night-time a pale orange- coloured long and narrow riband of eggs, resembling a tape-worm, and loosely coiled up spirally on the side of the glass, to which it was partially attached by one edge. ‘This egg-band was about three inches and a half long and two lines broad, narrowing a little to- wards one end. On two subsequent occasions, at intervals of ten days or a fortnight, it again deposited two similar but smaller bands ; after which, though apparently remaining in full vigour, it retained not more than two-thirds of its former bulk. Its mode of swimming perfectly resembles that of the larva of the gnat so common in our English cisterns of rain- water. The next paper read was from W. J. Broderip, Esq. In this paper the author proceeds with his descriptions of Shells brought to this country by H. Cuming, Esq. In the second volume-of the ‘ Zoological Journal’ will be found my notice of the Voluta aulica of Solander, a shell which formed one of the principal ornaments of the Portland Museum, of that of M. de Calonne (in the catalogues of which it is noted as unique), of the Tankerville collection (in the catalogue of which Mr. Sowerby speaks of it as ‘“‘ an extremely scarce and fine shell; the only speci- men we have seen’’), and of my own cabinet, which is now in the British Museum. Mr. Cuming has laid before me some Volutes which he brought from the Philippine Islands, and which, after a careful examination, I think must be referred to this scarce species. Not one of them, however, is identical with the variety in the British Museum (var. a.), which is still, as far as I know, unique. Voluta aulica. Var. a. Without nodules or bands, spotted with large red flakes : Mus. Brit. Figured in the Tankerville catalogue (G. B. Sowerby). Var. 6. Flesh-colour, subnodulous, girt with two broad rich red bands mottled with white; spire mottled with red and white, apex coral-red. Length nearly 4 inches, breadth 1$. _ Var. c. Flesh-colour, nodulous, lineated longitudinally with close- set, red, somewhat undulated lines, mottled here and there with white, girt by two interrupted rich red bands; spire mottled with red and white, apex coral-red. Length 45, breadth 23th inches. Var. d. Nodulous, whitish, lineated with very close-set, delicate, pale yellowish’ undulated lines ; body whorl girt with two broad yel- Jowish red bands mottled finely with the ground-colour. The upper 54 band is bordered above with a row of rich dark brown spots approach- ing closely to black, each spot being placed upon a nodule : the lower edge of this band is serrated as it were, and each of the teeth is marked with a spot immediately under the upper spots, but more dashed and somewhat less intense. The upper edge of the lower band is marked in a similar manner, but the spots are less defined. Above the shoulder of the body whorl is a band of similar colour, with its lower edge dashed with markings of the same colour as those which ornament the other bands, and at similar intervals. Two simi- larly coloured spots appear below the third and fourth nodule of the spire just above the suture of the body whorl, which suture almost hides one below the second of those nodules, counting from the edge of the lip. Upper part of the spiral whorls coloured after the same pattern, and brought out by the pale ground-colour of the lower part. Apex yellowish red. Length 34 inches, breadth 14. This description will convey a very faint notion of one of the most beautiful shells I ever saw. Var. e. Sharply nedulous. Duil red, blotched with flesh-colour ; a faint band, palest in the middle at intervals, girds the body whorl below the middle. ‘The tips of the nodules are of the same colour as the blotches. Length 4} inches, breadth 23. Var. f. Very sharply nodulous, the muricated nodules becoming high ridges extending almost half-way down the body whorl. Dull coral-red, with here and there a dash of whitish between the nodules. A very faint band may be traced below the middle of the body whorl, and on its darker upper and lower borders a few white spots appear at intervals as they approach the lip. Length 4ths, breadth 24th inches. Var. g. Bluntly but highly nodulous on the back, the nodules on the lower side rather sharper. Whitish, lineated longitudinally with close-set undulated livid lines blotched with clouds and dashes of livid red. A broad pale band girds the body whorl below the middles Apex reddish white. Length 53; breadth 3 inches. All these varieties, with the exception of var. a, are in the museum of Mr. Cuming. Conus Vicror. Con. testd subcylindraceo-conicd, flavd, maculis albis inspersd, fasciis 2 moniliformibus latis, nigro-brunneis vel brunneo-castaneis, latis concinne ornatd ; spire mediocris, pyra- midalis, anfractibus excavatis longitudinaliter striatis, subcancel- latis, apice subacuto. Long. 14; lat. poll. Mus. Cuming, Harford. Hab. ? This brilliant Cone strikes the eye at once. ‘The bright star-like spots with which the dark necklace-bands are interrupted and re- lieved, and the yellow ground-colour which takes the form of three alternating bands, render it attractive, and the more minutely it is examined the more it gains on the attention. The necklaces form- ing the moniliform bands, when looked at with a lens, present the 55 appearance of some of the flattened platted chains executed in gold and silver, and the shell altogether is a choice piece of workmanship. The species to which Conus Victor bears most resemblance are Coni nobilis and Ammiralis ; but it comes much nearer to the last in shape and general character, differing, however, from it in the deeper excavation and sculpture of the spire, to say nothing of the discre- pancy in the arrangement of the colouring, which in the only two specimens that I have seen is identical. Of these, the richest in colour is in the fine collection of Mr. Cuming, and the younger, but very perfect specimen, in the choice cabinet of the Rev. A. Harford. A paper by Mr. Lovell Reeve, entitled ‘‘ Descriptions of four new species of Achatina, a genus of Pulmobranchiate mollusks of the family Colimacea,” was then read. Acuatina tactEa. Ach. testd oblongo-ovatd, solidd, intis ex- tiisque quasi fossili, lacted, epidermide levidensi sparsim indutd ; spird regulari, anfractibus longitudinaliter striatis, lineisque mi- nutis circumdatis ; aperturd suboblongd, labro solidiusculo. Reeve, Conch. Syst. vol. 11. pl. 177. fig. 6. Long. 4,1, ; lat. 251; poll. Mus. Cuming, Stainforth. Hab. Zanzibar. This beautiful shell, which is in a perfectly live state, and covered with a slight scattered epidermis, is of a rich uniform cream-colour, without the least indication of any pattern; the whorls are very fully striated longitudinally, the strie rather irregularly following the growth of the shell; and they are again characterized by having a number of fine lines running around the upper half of them in an opposite direction. The columella, the aperture, indeed the entire shell, both inside and out, is of rich cream-colour, and by this alone it cannot fail to be recognised. AcuaTina Tincta. Ach. testd oblongo-ovatd, tenuiculd, albicante, maculis grandibus longitudinalibus vivide tinctd, epidermide flavidd indutd ; spird parim elatd, apice obtuso, rosaceo ; aperturd ob- longd, albd. Reeve, Conch. Syst. vol. ii. pl. 179. fig. 18. Long. 3,3,; lat. 14 poll. Mus. Cuming, Stainforth. Hab. ? probably some part of Africa. : The Achatina tincta has a white shell covered with a yellowish epidermis, and it is singularly stained in a longitudinal direction with a deep morone colour. The stains take almost the form of bands in some places, but exhibit no degree of regularity. ACHATINA KRAwNSsII. Ach. testd ovatd, vir ventricosd, rufo- castaned, epidermide durd, nitente, indutd ; anfractibus, ultimo excipiente, longitudinaliter strigatis, strigis albis, nunc rectis, nune sinuosis, distantibus, de suturis, longitudine variabili, por- rectis ; spird breviusculd, apice obtuso ; aperturd ovatd, albd, Reeve, Conch. Syst. vol. ii. pl. 179. fig. 19. Long. 2%; lat. 14 poll. Mus. Cuming. 56 Hab. Cape Natal, coast of Africa. I have named this species, at the request of Mr. Cuming, in honour of Dr. Krans who presented it to him on his arrival from Cape Natal, where he had formed a very interesting collection of shells. It is of a dark chestnut colour, and the last and penultimate whorls are marked with small zigzag stripes running from the sutures about half-way down them ; they are distant and somewhat irregular. Acuatina prota. Ach. testd ovato-conicd, levi, luted, maculis, quasi Sasciis, viridibus, conspersim ornatd; anfractibus planiusculis, suturis maculis castanets, transversis, vivide pictis ; spird subelatd, apice minuto, rosaceo ; aperturd orbiculari, flavidd. Reeve, Conch. Syst. vol. ii. pl. 178. fig. 10. Long. 13; lat. 3 poll. Mus. Stainforth. Hab. ad insulam Cuba, Indiarum Occidentalium. . This elegantly painted shell is allied to the Achatina fasciata in form, though it is certainly of lighter texture. The ground-colour is a bright yellow ; there are a few bright green bands crossing the whorls at intervals ; and the sutures of the whorls are ornamented throughout with a banded row of stained chestnut-coloured spots, for the most part touching each other. I only know of one speci- men, and it exhibits as distinct an assemblage of characters as can well be imagined. May 10, 1842. William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair. Mr. Gould exhibited and pointed out the characters of two new species of Kangaroo. The first of these belongs to the section to which Mr. Gray gave the name Petrogale, as was described under the name < PerroGaLe conctnna. Pet. corpore supra rufescente fusco alboque irrorato, ad latera flavescente, subtis albo ; caudé dimidio apicali pilis longis vestitd, his flavescenti-albis ad apicem nigris ; pedibus pallide fuscis, pilis sordide albis crebré interspersis ; auribus me- diocribus ad apicem paulo attenuatis. une. lin Longitudo ab apice rostri ad caudz basin.... 14 0 COT eI is Be 68 Ned fig ot A ar tapietr yl: O tarsi digitorumque.......++.+++- ap, SENDTALLS EO OPN een ole Ar eee Lane: ab apice rostri ad basin auris .... 2 11 Hab. North-west coast of Australia. This species of Petrogale is remarkable for its small size, the gene- ral pale colouring and the bright rusty tint of the upper parts of the body ; these parts are freely pencilled with whitish and with brown ; the sides of the neck and body are of a delicate yellowish hue, or might be described as very pale rust, and this is the prevailing hue of the head, which is nearly of a uniform tint; but is white, or nearly so, on the sides of the muzzle at the tip, and there is a trace of the usual white mark on the cheeks; above the eye is a spot of a pale rust-colour, and an indistinct brownish mark running towards the nostrils from the front of the eye; the ears are clothed within with white hair; externally they are of the same palish rusty yellow- ish hue as the upper surface of the head ; the chin, throat and whole under parts are white, with a faint yellowish rusty tint ; the outer side of the hinder legs is of a brighter tint than the sides of the body, but less red than the back; the feet are of a very pale brownish colour, freely pencilled with dirty white; a small space at the. base of the tail is covered with fur of the same texture and colour as that of the body; beyond this the hairs of the tail are harsh, at first about half an inch or rather more in length, but becoming gradually longer towards the apex, where they are more than an inch long; these hairs are of a yellowish white colour, but the apical third of each hair is black. This species was brought to England by Lieut: Emery, of H.M.S. Beagle, and is now in the British Museum. The second species belongs to the section or genus Halmaturus, and received from Mr. Gould the specific name Binoé, in honour of No, CXII.—Procrepines or THE Zoot. Soc, 58 Benjamin Byunoe, Esq., to whom science is indebted for the discovery of many new and interesting objects in zoology. It is nearly allied to Halim. agilis, but in size is about equal to Halm. Thetis. ‘The fur is harsh and adpressed, and for the most part of a very pale brownish yellow tint; the back, however, is freely pencilled with black, the longer hairs having the exposed portion of this colour; a slight brownish grey hue is observable next the skin in the hairs of the back, but they are nearly uniform throughout their length, if we except a small black point to the shorter hairs, and the exposed black portion of the longer hairs ; the sides of the body and the limbs are of a paler hue, and are not pencilled with black; the abdomen may be de- scribed as of a dirty yellowish white colour; the tail is very nearly uniform in tint with the body, but a small portion at the apex is covered with brownish black hairs; the upper surface of the head is slightly tinted with brownish, and a mark of this colour runs from the eye to the tip of the snout on either side; adjoining this mark below is a pale mark; the ears have yellowish white hairs on the inner side, and rusty yellow hairs on the outer side; but along the anterior margin, and at the tip externally, the ears are black. The principal characters may be thus expressed :— Hatmaturvus Binok. Halm. corpore pallideé fuscescenti-flavo, supra nigro penicillato, subtis dilutiore ; caudd ad apicem fuscescenti- nigra; auribus externe ad apicem, margineque anticé, nigris. unc. lin. Longitudo ab apice rostri ad caudz basin.... 21 0 ad basin auris .... 4 6 — COULD kay hota tetuicyols (ec erraets iipis ei 20 O — tarsi digitorumque........+..+-- ee CUT BRIE cli Saad «fares op outyrigie Teale 2 3 Hab. Port Essington. The following paper, by Mr. Lovell Reeve, entitled ‘‘ Monograph of the genus Tornatella, a small group of Pectinibranchiate Mollusks of the family Plicacea, including descriptions of seven new species, from the collection of H. Cuming, Esq.,” was then read. TornatTELua, Lamarck. Testa ovalis, cylindracea, plerumque transversim striata, rar0 leevis- sima, spira brevi, apice acuto; apertura longitudinali, superné angustata, inferne integra, rotundata; columella incrassata, valdé plicata ; labro simplici, solido, acuto. Molluscum marinum, pecti- nibranchiatum, operculo corneo, minuto, instructum. The very wide range of characters which were selected by Linnzeus for the determination of genera induced many inaccuracies in his method of classification which might certainly have been avoided, if, instead of generalizing upon the external variations of the shell, he had pursued a more searching inquiry, like his contemporaries Adanson and Forskael, into the nature of its animal inhabitant. His genus Voluta, for example, founded upon the character of the 59 columella being obliquely plaited, included both phytophagous and zoophagous mollusks, animals both with and without proboscis, and respiratory siphon. The presence or absence of these organs, distin- guishing the plant-eating from the flesh-eating mollusks, is however still indicated to a certain extent in the shell, by the basal forma- tion of the aperture ; and Bruguiére, the conchologist of the ‘ Ency- clopédie Méthodique,’ appears to have sagaciously detected the difference between the shells of the true Volute and those which were subsequently selected by Lamarck for the formation of this genus ; the base of the aperture being sinuated or canaliculated in the one, and entire in the other. But the alteration proposed by Bruguiére was little or no improvement upon the arrangement of Linneus ; for in removing the Tornatel/e to his genus Bulimus, they became associated with a miscellaneous assemblage of mollusks, dif- fering most essentially both in their organization and habits. They were then distinguished by Lamarck by the above generic title; whilst De Blainville included them, together with some air-breathing mollusks, in a new genus under the name of Pedipes. The arrange- ment followed by the learned author of the ‘ Manuel de Malacologie’ was thus scarcely better than that of his predecessor Bruguiére ; he, however, cautiously abandoned it, when the propriety of Lamarck’s distribution of the Tornatelle was subsequently confirmed by Gray in the discovery of their being operculated. Of the following thirteen species referred to this genus, seven are entirely new ; five were collected by H. Cuming, Esq. in the Philip- pine Islands, one by Dr. Riippell on the shores of the Red Sea, and one by Dr. Siebald on the coast of Japan. 1. TorRNATELLA FLAMMEA. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vi. part 2. p. 219; Lister, Synop. Conch., pl. 814. f. 24; Sowerby, Genera of Shells, No. 24. f. 1; Kiener, Iconographie des Coquilles, pl. 1. f. 1. Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 206. f. 4. Auricula flammis lateritiis, Martini. Voluta flammea, Gmelin. Bulimus variegatus, Bruguiére. Hab. ad insulam Java. This shell, which is distinctly figured both by Lister and Martini, is marked with a number of flesh-coloured stripes, running in a lon- gitudinal direction from the spire. Var. a. Strigis rubris in maculis semilunaribus aperté divisis. Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 206. f. 6. Hab. ad insulam Ticao, Philippinarum. A beautiful variety, in which the longitudinal flesh-coloured stripes are divided into distinct patches, of the form of a crescent. Found by Mr. Cuming at the island of Ticao, in sandy mud at seven fathoms’ depth. Var. 3. Testa minore, maculis semilunaribus frequentioribus, indi- stinctis. Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 206. f. 1. Hab. ad insulam Corrigidor, Philippinarum. 60 . This variety is constantly smaller and of deeper colour; the cres- cent-shaped spots are thicker, and run so indistinctly the one into the other as often to be completely clouded over. 2. ToRNATELLA soLtipuLA. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vi. part 2. p. 220; Chemnitz, Conch., vol. x. pl. 149. f. 1405; Kiener, Iconographie des Coquilles, pl. 1. f.2. Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 206. f. 7. Voluta solidula, Linneus. Bulimus solidulus, Bruguiére. Hab. ad insulas Philippinarum, &c. Several varieties of this shell, varying in colour from a bluish grey to a reddish brown, were found by Mr. Cuming amongst the Philip- pine Islands, in sandy mud at different depths, from 7 to 25 fathoms; they are, however, by no means confined to this locality. 3. TornaTELLA coccinaTa. Torn. testd cylindraceo-ovatd, trans- versim striatd, alba, maculis coccineis minutis profuse ornatéd ; epidermide luted, leviter indutd; spird depresso-conicd, suturis profundis, apice precipue exserto, acutissimo ; columella biplicatd, plica maxima bilobd. Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 206. f. 10. Hab. ad insulam Mindanao, Philippinarum. This beautiful shell is very distinct from any variety of the pre- ceding ; the spire, which is remarkably sharp-pointed at the apex, is somewhat depressed and rounded ; and the shell altogether is covered with a number of small bright scarlet spots. It was found by Mr. Cuming at the island of Mindanao in sandy mud at the depth of twenty-five fathoms. 4, TorwaTELLA GLABRA. Torn. testé ovatd, transversim striatd, albd, nitidiusculd, maculis leucopheis varie denigratd ; spird sube- latd, apice acuto ; columelld biplicatd, plicd maxima via biloba. Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 206. f. 12. Hab. ad insulam Negros, Philippinarum. Mr. Cuming collected several of this species at the island of Ne- gros. ‘The shell is by no means a new one, but it has been hitherto confounded with the Tornatella solidula, probably in consequence of its resemblance in colour. It differs in form, and besides being more highly polished, is stamped with a certain peculiarity of character by which it cannot fail to be recognised. 5. ToRNATELLA TESSELLATA. Torn. testd oblongo-ovatd, albd, transversim striatd, striis plus minusve approvimatis, interstitiis maculis helvinis tessellatis ; spird elatd, apice precipue acuto ; co- lumelld biplicatd, plicé maxima pariim bilobd. Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 206. f. 3. Hab. In sinum Persicum. This elegant little shell was found by Dr. Riippell at the Red Sea, on the sands at low water. It is finely striated in a transverse di- rection, and the interstices are neatly tessellated with numerous pale flesh-coloured square spots. 61 6. TorNATELLA FascraTa. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vi. part 2. p. 220; Martini, Conch., vol. ii. pl. 43. f.442 and 443; En- cyclopédie Méthodique, pl. 452. f. 3. a, 6; Kiener, Iconographie des Coquilles, pl. 1. f. 3; Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 206. f. 11. Voluta tornatilis, Linneus. Auricula bifasciata, Martini. Bulimus tornatilis, Bruguiére. Hab. ad oras Devoniz, Insule Britannice. Several of this well-known species have been recently dredged up from sandy mud at the depth of five fathoms, off the coast of Devon- shire. 7. ToRNATELLA SIEBALDII. Torn. testd ovato-conicd, transversim striata, rubicunduld, irregulariter dibauphd, spira elatd, suturis al- bis, apice acuto ; columelld uniplicatd, aperturd ovatd, labro tenui, acuto. Hab. ad oras Japoniz. This shell, which was brought by Dr. Siebald from Japan, is ir- regularly stained with a ruddy brown, exhibiting the appearance of having been dyed in two distinct colours; the sutures of the spire are perfectly white, and so is also the columella. 8. TornaTELLA BULLATA. Kiener, Iconographie des Coquilles, pl. 1. f. 4; Lister, Synops. Conch., pl. 714. Hab. Indian Seas. A small cylindrical buila-shaped shell, which we have not included in this monograph without considerable hesitation. 9. ToRNATELLA NITIDULA. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert., vol. vi. part 2. p. 221; Encyclopédie Méthodique, pl. 452. f. 2. a, b; Sow- erby, Genera of Shells, No. 24. f. 2; Kiener, Iconographie des Co- quilles, pl. 1. f. 5; Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 206. f. 5. Hab. ad insulam Bohol, Philippinarum, &c: Some specimens of this shell, found by Mr. Cuming at the island of Bohol, in sandy mud at eleven fathoms’ depth, are smaller and more cylindrical than those hitherto known. 10. TOoRNATELLA vircaTa. Torn. testa rotundato-ovatd, subcylin- draced, alba, transversim belle striatd, longitudinaliter strigis la- tis, nigerrimis, sinuosis, subdistantibus, vivide ornatd ; spird brevi, suturis distinctis, apice subobtuso ; columelld uniplicatd. Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 206. f. 8 and 9. Hab. ad insulam Masbate, Philippinarum. This is a beautiful shell, and very distinct from any other species ; it is of a pure transparent white, ornamented with a regular series of broad dark black stripes running down from the spire. Found by Mr. Cuming at the island of Masbate, in sandy mud at the depth of seven fathoms. 11. TornateLia venusta. D’Orbigny, Voyage dans l’Amérique Méridionale, Mollusques, p. 399. pl. 56. f. 4 to 6. Hab. ad Peruviam, propé ad Paytam. 62 A small fusiform shell, highly deserving of the title by which D’Orbigny has distinguished it. 12. TornaTeLLa inscutpTa. Torn. testd parvd, ovatd, sulcis parallelis numerosis transverse insculptd ; spird indistinctd, apice acuto ; maculis subaquilis ubique pictd ; columelld biplicatd, plicad maxima precipue bilobd. Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 206. f. 2. Hab. ad insulam Masbate, Philippinarum. It is to be regretted that Mr. Cuming did not succeed in obtain- ing live specimens of this very characteristic shell, of which he found two only, lying dead upon the sands at the island of Masbate. ‘The spire is rather prominent, but still so indistinct as scarcely to exhibit the volution of the whorls; the shell is then neatly sculptured from the apex to the base with transverse lines running exactly parallel with each other, and the whole surface is painted with light brown spots. 13. TornareLya Oryza. Torn. testd minutd, oblongo-ovatd, ebur- ned, nitidd, transversim sulcatd, sulcis plus minusve approximatis ; spird regulari, apice subacuto ; columelld uniplicatd ; aperturd ovatd, superne attenuatd ; labro simplici, solido, acuto. Hab. ad insulam Cabbalonga, Philippinarum. A small species, unlike any hitherto described; it is perfectly white (a fine ivory white), and deeply sulcated from top to bottom. In concluding this monograph, it may be as well to state that the Tornatelle auricula and pedipes of Lamarck should be referred to the genus Auricula. The Tornatelle are strictly marine, dwelling in several fathoms’ water; whilst the species just alluded to are inland, and amphibious, inhabiting swamps and marshy places. May 24, 1842. The Meeting was adjourned to June 14th. 63 June 14, 1842. Richard Owen, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair. The following paper, by George Gulliver, Esq., F.R.S., entitled “‘ Observations on the Muscular Fibres of the Gisophagus and Heart in some of the Vertebrate Animals,’’ was read. The present communication is a continuation of the observations on the muscular fibres of the cesophagus and heart published in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society, September 10, 1839, p. 124. 21. Pipistrelle (Vespertilio Pipistrellus, Gmel.).—The streaked muscular fibre was found on the whole length of the gullet, except- ing the 1-16th of an inch of its cardiac end. 22. Hedgehog (Hrinaceus Europeus, Linn.).—In this animal the striated or voluntary muscular fascicles form the sheath of the gullet to its termination in the stomach. 23. Mole (Talpa Europea, Linn.).—Muscular sheath of the gul- let the same as in the hedgehog. 24. Shrew (Sorex tetragonurus, Herm.).—The muscular sheath of the gullet the same as in the two preceding species. 25. Black Bear (Ursus Americanus, Pall.).—The muscular fibre of animal life formed a very thick and red sheath to the entire length of the gullet, and even extended in bands for an inch on the cardiac end of the stomach. 26. Wolf (Canis Lupus, Linn.).—The muscular fibre of animal life invested the whole length of the gullet, and extended scantily, for about two-thirds of an inch, on the cardiac end of the stomach. 27. African Civet Cat (Viverra Civetta, Linn.).—Two inches from the stomach the sheath of the gullet was composed chiefly of the muscular fibre of organic life mixed with a few of the muscular fibres of animal life; and within an inch and three-quarters from the stomach none of the latter fibres could be found on the gullet. Mr. Siddall examined the gullet of another civet cat with the same result. 28. Lion (Felis Leo, Linn.).—The muscular fibre of animal life could not be traced on the gullet further than four inches and a half from its ending in the stomach. Nearer to the cardiac orifice, espe- cially about two inches therefrom, the esophageal sheath was made up of bands containing corpuscles as in the horse*. Seven inches from the stomach the sheath of the gullet was composed of the mus- cular fibres of animal and organic life in nearly equal proportions. 29. Puma (Felis concolor, Linn.).—The muscular fibre of animal life, mixed with a greater proportion of the muscular fibre of organic * See Proc. Zool. Soc. 1839, pp. 127 and 129; in which, p. 127, line 17, for gullet read filaments. No. CXIII.—Procersevines or tue Zoon. Soc. 64 life, composed the cesophageal sheath about three inches from the stomach, where the gullet had been divided, and no opportunity was afforded of examining its last portion. 30. Chetah (Felis jubata, Linn.).—The muscular fibre of animal life was abundant on the gullet ten inches from the stomach, and extended more scantily three inches nearer to it. On the last six inches of the cardiac end of the gullet no muscular fibre of animal life could be found. 31. Weasel (Mustela vulgaris, Linn.). 32. Stoat (M. erminea, Linn.). 33. Polecat (M. Putorius, Linn.).—In these animals the muscular fibre of animal life was traced on the gullet to its termina- tion in the stomach. 34, Seal (Phoca vitulina, Linn.).—The muscular fibre of animal life extended along the whole gullet, excepting about an inch of its cardiac end. 35. Porpoise (Delphinus Phocena, Briss.).—In a young one weighing ten pounds, and said to have been extruded from the mo- ther after her capture, June 13, 1842, the muscular fibre of animal life could be traced on the gullet no further than four inches from its stomachic end. 36. Paco (Auchenia Paco, Desm.).—The muscular fibre of ani- mal life was detected on the gullet to its termination ; an inch and a quarter from the stomach the muscular fibre of organic life was abundant on the gullet; and the muscular fibre of animal life only was found in the cesophageal sheath two inches from the stomach. The tissue under the mucous membrane around the water-cells re- sembled that of the middle coat of the stomach elsewhere, being quite destitute of anything like the muscular fibre of animal life. 37. Dromedary (Camelus Dromedarius, Linn.).—Muscular sheath of the gullet the same as in the Paco. 38. Wapiti Deer (Cervus Wapiti, Mitchell).—The muscular fibre of animal life invested the gullet to its termination. 39. Cervine (Antilope Bubalis, Pallas).—The cesophageal sheath was formed throughout of the muscular fibre of animal life, which extended for an inch on the stomach. 40. Palm Squirrel (Sciwrus Palmarum, Briss.). 41. Common Squirrel (S. vulgaris, Linn.). 42. Golden Agouti (Dasyprocta au- rata, F.Cuv.). 43. Water Rat (Arvicola amphibia, Desm.).—In these animals the muscular fibre of animal life completely invested the gullet, being abundant on its cardiac extremity. 44, Kangaroo (Macropus Bennettii, Waterhouse).—The muscular fibre of animal life was plentiful on the upper part of the gullet, and terminated between three and four inches from the stomach. 45. Squirrel Flying Opossum (Petaurus sciureus, Geoff.).—An inch and a quarter of the stomachic end of the gullet was without the muscular fibre of animal life, which was pretty abundant an inch further from the stomach. I have ventured to apply the term voluntary to the striated muscular fascicles—extending along the entire length of the gullet, and even on the commencement of the cardiac extremity of the sto- 65 mach in several animals, along more or less only of the tube in man and some other mammals, and wholly absent from it in many of the lower Vertebrata—because this fibre has all the anatomical charac- ters of the muscular fibre of animal life, which no completely in- voluntary muscle has hitherto been found to possess*. If we are to judge of the office of the fibre in question from its structure, it must be concluded that in many Vertebrata the whole length of the gullet is capable of voluntary motion, in some the lower or poste- rior portion is not obedient to the will, while in others the motions of the entire gullet must be quite involuntary. That the muscular coat of the gullet should differ in animals of different orders will not appear surprising ; but it was hardly to be supposed that a difference in the cesophageal sheath would be found in some genera of the same order. Yet such is the fact in the Fere ; and it is probable that further research into the anatomy of this order will disclose more differences in their minute structure, espe- cially as my observations on the blood have shown that there is a remarkable diversity in the size of the blood-corpuscles or red par- ticles of some of the subdivisions of the Carnivora. Perhaps the extent of the muscular coat of the gullet may vary in the same subject at different periods of life. In young and middle- aged mares and geldings some of the muscular fibre of animal life’ may be generally traced on the gullet four or five inches from the stomach ; but in a gelding twenty-five years old this fibre could not be found on the last ten inches of the gullet ; and in an aged rabbit I found the striated muscular fascicles but sparingly on the last inch of the gullet, although in this animal generally they are most abun- dant in this situation. A summary of my inquiry concerning the extent of the voluntary muscular fibre on the gullet is subjoined. Some of the results may be modified by more facts, which are yet required to furnish a satisfactory view of the subject. I have had no opportunity of becoming acquainted with the researches of M. Ficinus and M. Va- lentin, referred to by Dr. Baly in his translation of Professor Miil- ler’s ‘ Physiology,’ vol. ii. p. 851. QuaDRUMANA. In this order, as in the human subject, the muscular fibre of animal life does not invest the lowest portion of the gullet. . CHEIROPTERA. In the pipistrelle, the sheath of the gullet, excepting 1-16th of an inch at the stumachic end, was formed of the muscular fibre of animal life. FER. Insectivora.—In the three British genera the muscular fibre of animal life covers the whole length of the gullet. * See Proc. Zool. Soc. 1839, p. 128. + Ibid. Nov. 24, 1840, and May 25 and June 8, 1841 ; and Appendix to Gerber’s General Anatomy, p. 6-7. 66 Canide.—The muscular fibre of animal life extends to the sto- machic end of the gullet. In the silvery fox none of this fibre could indeed be detected on the terminal third of an inch of the gullet, which should be examined again in another individual. Viverride.—In the African civet cat the striated muscular fasci- cles do not cover the last portion of the gullet. Felide.—The stomachic end of the gullet is not clothed with the muscular fibre of animal life; but in the caracal a few irregular fibres were observed on the cardiac end of the gullet, perhaps be- longing to the muscular fibre of animal life, although they were quite destitute either of transverse or longitudinal streaks. Mustelide.—In the otter the muscular fibre of animal life covers the gullet, excepting about half an inch of its stomachic extremity ; in three species of Mustela this fibre invests the whole gullet. Phocide.—In the seal no muscular fibre of animal life was found on the gullet within an inch of the stomach. Urside.—In the genus Nasua, and in the sloth-bear and Ame- rican bear, the gullet is throughout clothed with the muscular fibre of animal life, which in the latter animals is very thick and red on the last portion of the gullet, and extends on the cardiac extremity of the stomach. CETACEA. In a porpoise no muscular fibre of animal life could be found on four inches of the stomachic end of the gullet, although this fibre was abundant on the rest of the thoracic portion of the gullet. RuMINANTIA. The voluntary muscular fibre runs along the entire length of the gullet, and sometimes to a short distance on the cardiac extremity of the stomach. The striated muscular fibre on the last portion of the gullet is often mixed with a much greater proportion of the muscular fibre of organic life. RopENTIA. The whole length of the gullet is clothed with the muscular fibre of animal life. MarsuPIALiA. In the kangaroo and the squirrel-flying opossum no muscular fibre of animal life was found on the stomachic end of the gullet. Birps, Reprints, AND FIsHEs. I have carefully searched for the striated muscular fascicles in the gullet of the birds and reptiles mentioned in the table, but in vain. In Birds the fibre of the superficial coat of the gullet is often disposed transversely, in which respect it may be seen with the naked eye to differ from the cesophageal muscular sheath of mam- mals. Ina few fishes the striated muscular fascicles invested the entire length of the gullet, and-extended some distance on the sto- mach in others, as in the pike and bull-head. In the barbel some of 67 these fascicles were found on the gullet or termination of the pha- rynx opposite to the posterior border of the gill-cover. In Fishes the striated muscular fasciculi of the gullet appear, from the mea- surements now given, to be much smaller than the fasciculi of the muscles of the body ; and a like difference, though to a much smaller degree, often exists in mammals. In the heart of the smaller species of the lower Vertebrata di- stinct muscular fibres are often not to be found, the structure being less distinct than in the heart of many mammals ; generally composed of bands or fillets not easily separable from each other, and com- monly about = ,5th of an inch broad. ‘These fillets are seldom clearly streaked transversely ; they are irregularly and most minutely granulated, without the longitudinal arrangement of the granules so plainly visible in the beaded primitive fibrils of the heart of Mammalia. In short, the known points of resemblance between the muscular fibre of the heart of mammals and that of voluntary muscle are generally wanting in the structure of the heart of the smaller species of the lower Vertebrata, for the latter is more nearly allied to the muscular tissue of organic life as it exists in other parts. In some of the voluntary muscles of many of the smaller Mam- malia and Birds, as the common mouse and Fringillide, the existence of a sheath around the fibres appears to be questionable ; and in the heart of such animals the fibres are remarkably indistinct. In the common water-vole I noticed a very clear appearance of primitive fibrils, yet these seemed to be nowhere collected into fascicles. In the great pectoral muscle of various small birds, as the common swift, the transverse streaks are very indistinct, and often difficult to be seen, although they are very plain in the muscles of the leg; yet in this bird the former muscle is highly developed, and almost con- stantly in action, while the latter are but small and little used. It will be recollected that the above remarks apply only to particular muscles, and are not to be considered as at all invalidating the ad- mirable demonstration of the sarcolemma in many muscles by Prof. Schwann and Mr. Bowman, and the parallel observations of Dr. Jones Quain and Mr. W. J. E. Wilson*. As before observed, the fibres of the heart of Mammalia seem to have no intervening cellular (fila- mentous) tissue ; this tissue, however, is easily observed in the heart of many lower vertebrate animals; and I have very recently seen minute wavy filaments, having all the characters of cellular tissue, in the heart of the bear, and of some other mammals which had died in confinement. It will be seen that the term fibre, as used in this paper, corre- sponds to the primitive fasciculus of Fontana, Miller, and Bowmant. As in the heart there is often a tolerably clear appearance of fascicles, and as frequently only of the fillet-like bands, both have been set down in the following table as fibres: and the larger size of the fascicles will at once distinguish them from the bands, the primitive * See Phil. Trans. part ii. 1840, p. 475. t+ Loc. cit. p. 458, 68 fibrils of the muscular tissue being out of the question. In the snake and newt the bands composed the tissue of the auricles, while a collection of these bands into fascicles appeared and was measured in the ventricles; the measurements will show many parallel in- stances, and one in which the fascicles appeared in the auricle and the bands in the ventricle. The numbers in the table represent the diameters of the fibres in vulgar fractions of an English inch, and where one only occurs it expresses the average size. The terms auricle and ventricle, under the column headed “‘ Muscle,” refer to the heart. The animals, unless noted to the contrary, were adults that had been dead some time before they were examined. In making many of the measurements I have been indebted to the kind assistance of Mr. Siddall. Table of Measurements of the Fibres of the Heart and of some Muscles of Voluntary Motion in Vertebrate Animals. Diameter. Animal. Muscle. In the Heart. ao Bang Cercopithecus sabzus, Desm.|Ventricles ...... '1-1333 to 1-1000 Guillet eenseceseaccinetetsenecsarecsse= ne 1-1000 to 1-666 C. griseo-viridis, Desm. ...... Ventricles ...... Ditto Gullet ....... seo boeaes Beiseskes hours Ditto. C. Athiops, Geoff. ......+++++- Ventricles ...... Ditto Gullet. ....0s0s0 cet asa salegccantcane Ditto. Macacus Rhesus, Desm....... Ventricles ...... 1-1000 Gules Seeits. cheese. areneacte saveeee-(1-800 to 1-555 M. Innuus, Desm. .....0-000:: Gullet ....... HE eee e. cab seveeeees[1-666 to 1-500 Cebus capucinus, Geof’. ...... Guillet). esa. s00.|e0 Sop cheb p capeneies 1-800 to 1-500 Lemur albifrons, Geoff. ......|Diaphragm ......|.... Tees 1-666 to 1-300 Plecotus auritus, Geoff. ...... Right ventricle...|1-1600 to 1-800 Pectoral ...... senltcateeecseonadcendtes 1-888 to 1-571 OE thie ear Reece. ARE Sea ee 1-1143 to 1-666 Vespertilio noctula, Schred. .|Ventricles ....../1-2000 to 1-1000 Vespertilio Pipistrellus, @mel.|Ventricle .........|1-2000 to 1-1067 Guillet «<<. tegen nch¢ abies dap sae see. 1-1333 Erinaceus Europeus, Linn....|Ventricles ...... 1-2666 to 1-1000 Cutaridous “1. 25 )fst Bae 1-1000 to 1-571 Guillet PTX ie) eee ALS e 1-1000 to 1-500 Sorex tetragonurus, Herm..../Ventricles ......]1-2666 to 1-1333 Pectoral ....... Se eens rane ame E 1-555 GLE ae i RP ee 1-1145 Talpa Europea, Linn. ......|Ventricles ...... 1-3000 to 1-1133 GUlletivess accents levees .acesva- suey eee 1-1333 to 1-660 Nasua fusca, Desm........ ess. (Gullet ....... Revit cued lpeardy. Saas ..|1-888 to 1-333 Ursus labiatus, Blainv. ...... Left ventricle ...|1-2000 to 1-1000 Ursus Americanus, Pall. ...|Ventricles ...... 1-1500 to 1-666 Left auricle ...... 1-2000 to 1-800 Gullet ...... Busts s|ecane sete thirties .-.{1-800 to 1-373 Canis familiaris, Zinn. ...... Auricles and ven- tricles .....:... 1-2400 to 1-800 Gullet .......... pel Sccrckceskenteans ....{1-800 to 1-400 Diaphragm: s....:|escrecverpoes ene «....{1-800 to 1-285 — 69 Table (continued). Si a Diameter. Animal. Muscle. In the Heart. In ee Canis familiaris, Linn. (12 Gays Old) ...secceseoseneees Ventricles ...... 1-2666 to 1-2000 Gullet ....... wan OPER o ccasszexesawe 1-2000 to 1-1333 Ditto (18 weeks old)........- Guillet ....00.csses|ecnseessseeesenees ++-|1-1333 to 1-800 Canis vulpes, Linn.....+-+0+..- Left ventricle ...|1-1600 to 1-1333 GGG bi cca veseeckaleetecesortesnvswadess 1-800 to 1-500 C. lagopus, Linn. ..seceeeseee IDET actewcesdeeleeW ede ss cscsececs ees 1-1000 to 1-533 C. argentatus, Desm. ......... Ventricles ...... 1-1333 to 1-1000 Gillet, ecekawavat|eessh pap eracasn sete 1-1000 to 1-600 C. Lupus, Linn. .........00000- Left ventricle ...|1-1600 to 1-800 Left auricle ...... 1-1600 to 1-1000 Gullet ...cccscccecleoesssccscesscccccoes 1-1400 to 1-285 Viverra Civetta, Linn.......... Left ventricle .../1-2000 to 1-1777 Gullet, . cshoneeeeel| teat access centtes 1-570 Felis Leo, Linn. (two-thirds PTOWN) = 0c... beteoeese veaube Ventricles ...... 1-2000-to 1-1777 Guillet, .evecosseveliioterssconccceseeees 1-571 F. concolor, Linn. ....+.+++ ...(Left ventricle ...)1-2000 to 1-1333 Left auricle ...... 1-4000 to 1-2000 Gallet... seaeasees| ARG ips ceweeeaesann 1-500 to 1-400 F. Leopardus, Linn. ...... ...|Left ventricle .../1-2666 to 1-700 Guilletwissecsses. Rleodeesenct dae sees gee 1-500 to 1-333 F. jubata, Linn. ..........0..../Left ventricle ...|1-1600 to 1-1000 Gallet ..cccor.stvelsveocccsessccccoecees 1-888 to 1-400 F. cervaria, Temm....,...00..+ Ventricles ...... 1-2000 to 1-1333 GCE edodddcwdveelWetet ns aneesce,cceus 1-1000 to 1-373 F. Caracal, Gimel. .....s000e- Left ventricle .../1-1600 to 1-1000 Gullet ......... hee | tee wanemancgeseses 1-1000 to 1-666 F. domestica, Briss. (16 days Old) svescessvevessesvecas ../Ventricles ...... 1-3200 Gulllet ...ccccccecsleccecessececesacesees 1-1600 to 1-660 Mustela vulgaris, Linn. ,.....|Left ventricle ...|1-2000 to 1-1000 Left auricle ...... 1-2666 to 1-1333 Gilet vewseverseeoalerd ocllosessssrsevess 1-1333 to 1-800 M. erminea, Linn, ...00-...00+ Right ventricle...|1-1777 to 1-1000 Right auricle ...|1-2000 to 1-1145 ! Gullet ....... avostiMASuelel, «cs sascsceness 1-1000 to 1-571 Lutra vulgaris, Hrvl. ....... --|Ventricles ...... 1-2000 to 1-1143 Gullet ...ccscccvselscerees Scaes saeeenae 1-800 to1-500 Phoca vitulina, Linn, .......+- Ventricles and auricles ...... 1-3000 to 1-1600 Gullet .......... Sa Aen sosconncsmdere 1-2000 to 1-1000 Delphinus Phocena, Linn. (just born) ......eecere. Ventricle......... 1-4000 SCAPUar sec deuselseakUavevssoscscc ses 1-888 Gillet sss; seeeveee leat canotasnnnane sat 1-2000 Equus Caballus, Zinn. ......|Ventricles --|1-2000 to 1-666 Diaphragm ......|...... Pee sae 1-555 to 1-360 Gublet/..ccascdisetWocesansccssnaseseses 1-444 to 1-266 Camelus Dromedarius, Linn.|Right ventricle...|1-1143 to 1-1000 GrUMletaS.cac Sc Sao eeese ces oescsccocees 1-1143 to 1-333 Diaphragm covecs|ec.ecccsccsrececssous 1-400 to 1-222 Remoral. sc; tusestesse;sncensocdeeees. 1-250 to 1-222 Qyis A TICS ALAM: vc scccuesacess (OUEE | cecscycabeanlidivossrsccscsevesses 1-666 to-1250 70 Table (continued). Diameter. Animal. Muscle. In the Heart. ee Ovis Tragelaphus, Desm. ...|Auricles and ven- tricles ......... 1-1777 to 1-1143 Gallet c-c5- ane ...4| Senet ee oaenmocn siesta 1-800 to 1-400 Capra Hircus, var., Linn. ... Left ventricle .../1-2666 to 1-1383 Guillet, ..s.ccte-ivs aileve tents AS ee 1-666 Antilope Bubalis, Pall. ....../Ventricles ...... 1-1600 to 1-1000 Auricles ......... 1-4000 to 1-2000 Met cas ecoee th) dene dave aieesweaeH .. {L-1777 to 1-555 Cervus Wapiti, Mit. ......... Gullet:, -ecssuseeccelievces Pa amadeeconne ..{1-666 to 1-400 C. Dama, Linn. ....ccceecscees Masseter ......... arettosaseses Vaatete 1-1000 to 1-333 Gullet ..... pen] Oadetens spon svaeses 1-400 Ditto (foetus, 6 inches long).|Ventricles ...... O- 4000 Dinphragrinlsscses Paks... es saecel te 1-1600 Ditto (20 inches long) ......|Left ventricle ... 1-3200 Gulllets 22: wecees'eet|sae coc sbavsusentutes: 1-2666 Lepus cuniculus, Linn. ......|Left ventricle ...|1-3000 to 1-1000 Diaphragms ss .d|steded. aces ecns-ceee 1-800 to 1-333 Gullets. aise: Sete ee sabes seoseeeee{L-1000 to 1-600 Pectoral & Psoas}............eeeseeees 1-533 to 1-400 Le timidus, Linit.....-s0..cesse- Left ventricle ...}1-2000 to 1- 800 Dasyprocta aurata, J’. Cuv....|Gullet .........+64++- BebsecaStvice acvaae 1-470 Sciurus Palmarum, Briss. ...|Gullet ....... aes SAMS vepirenavecie silos 1-1000 S. vulgaris, Linn. secsveseeees Left ventricle ...|1- 2000 to 1-1000 Reetoral . cenmsss pf ltideehnbaocsssssanane 1-600 to1-444 Cavia Cobaya, Gmel. ......... Right ventricle... 1-1333 to 1-800 Auricles ......... 1-2400 to 1-1714 Gallet xs sias ce sass] Reece snssieenevaneees 1-1600 to 1-400 Ditto (just born) ..........+. Left ventricle .../1-3200 to 1-2000 Gallet, dees. o-cs|sdes.oectieetecnpoet 1-2000 to 1-1000 Mus decumanus, Linn. ....../Ventricle (bands)|1-4000 to 1-2666 Ditto (fascicles) |1-1333 to 1-800 Pictoral atevssecs:|ssevct concsus eset: 1-800 to1-383 Arvicola amphibia, Desm. ...|Diaphragm ......]...-.s.0eteeceeceeees 1-500 to 1-444 Pectoral ......cceleccsserceeveseseceee-(L-444 to 1-263 Gillet seoeeiwas Pee os ce canceesned 1-666 Macropus Bennettii, Waterh.|Left ventricle . ‘|1-1333 to 1-800 Galle tipecvsesiics fl Meets sosa'0 anes 1-1000 to 1-333 Diaphragm and PeOashavadacvecteeeebtecsas deave csees 1-888 to 1-307 Petaurus sciureus, Geoff. ...|Ventricle .........|1- 1600 to 1- 800 Gallet pctice Meda | me tct oar. So's custo 1-666 to1-440 Strix flammea, Linn. .........]Ventricles ...... ‘lL 3200 to 1-2000 Pectoral ....... Palesdtcarte Rid. ooaeee 1-727 to 1-333 Garrulus glandarius, Flem....|Ventricle ......... 1.3000 to 1-1333 Pectoral ......+.. iene “epeneica: 1-555 to 1-400 Corvus Pica, Linn. ............|Veutricles ...... 1-3000 to 1-1455 Pectoral, A.cHw salt lwakes cde 1-666 to 1-400 Ditto (one-third grown)..,...;Ventricle ......... 1-4000 to 1-1600 Pectoral ..... sad Sates sas ce etah 1-2000 to 1-1333 C. monedula, Linn...........-+ Ventricle ......... 1- 2400 to 1-2000 Pectoral. (cssiccedaltnses seccsscresees 1-800 to1-500 C. frugilegus, Linn.............|Ventricle ......... 1-3000 to 1-1600 Sturnus vulgaris, Linn. ......|Ventricle......... 1-4000 to 1-2000 Pectoral. .....ccccuieivedecessessecesees| 1666" to 1-422 71 Table (continued). Diameter. Animal. Muscle. In the Heart In Voluntary ; Muscle. Sylvia Luscinia, Lath. ...... Ventricle ......... 1-3200 Turdus musicus, Linn. ......|Ventricle ......... 1-2666 to 1-1090 Wectoral™ sch. ceonlseereccstrssebevscest 1-800 to 1-500 Motacilla alba, Linn. ........- Ventricle ......... _ 4000 to 1-2666 Pentoralins te tecs cose cneees< sv enceuces 1-500 Fringilla domestica, Zinn. ...|Ventricle ......... 1-2666 to 1-1714 4 Pectaralrctscscc|teeradcuncsesecssccte 1-666 to1-300 F. Chloris, Temm. ............| Ventricle ......... 1-2400 to 1-1714 PEClGral ocesecin tl ceeeawencsente teense 1-666 to 1-500 Parus ceruleus, Linn.......... Ventricle......... 1-3000 to 1-2000 Pectoral te. icisses|senrecdes 2h tore snd rivers dn nok ae regen Sra ee ginwdeh: cahomjabane . 20 a agp eodkantiocsraed | cehiabore ams wept aS. SD labemiah sibs Sterdysstsanere be ; See natn Nien 348 bat bide: ad?) retsiady | al Bbnome dd! etdicheisee cise: dad sabia “Baie Eocene doa enti Ee fabkd -ywiey” tad: abe ite ¥ sot eS mea Burs ik Sale Prien te *iny My ORES, DAA: Sha as varouat aanne F. elsendethtoreetiiecdt renimniorteecsty exeke ai Re ae rx ld pabittiobiahon thhintinichads 6h° ae om a oA Raid) «aidelor bam agitpyls ast lik < tate: cae AS CSC RN eRe SBaTEy eA stagirerd what bdsosiy ouls ebuild Caio Lb asppadoO umann F* aut aaah yor bie Leaves Aoi ietecia * Santiodas. dias ov elbbmpod:ss9 wari, DaRvEE El RA Cw pnb prertam: yren at ha wale: ihe tT x er "er ner ees Z aes : ve > er abe 1 ‘ 107 August 9, 1842. Richard Owen, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair. The following paper, ‘‘ On the Blood-Corpuscles of the Ibex,” by George Gulliver, Esq., F.R.S., was read. Before my discovery of the singularly minute size of the blood- corpuscles of the Musk Deer*, those of the Goat were the smallest known. I have since found that the corpuscles of the Ibex are slightly smaller than those of the Goat, and therefore intermediate in size to the corpuscles of the Goat and those of the Musk Deer, as will be shown by the following measurements, which are given in vulgar fractions of an English inch. For the sake of comparison, the dimensions of the discs of the two latter animals are copied from my ‘ Tables of Measurements of the Blood-Corpuscles of Mammaliat.’ Ibex from Candia (Capra Caucasica, Guld.), 1-7500 | : Pale Globules of the Blond, up 1-3200 Common size. roar oe 1-4000 Small ditto. age. oStCE: 1-2666 Large ditto. 1-6752 ; 1-6665 1-3200 Average ditio, 1-9142 Small size. 1-5650 Large ditto. 1-7020 Average ditto. Common Goat (Capra Hircus, Linn.). 1-6665 C Pale Globules of the Blood. 1-6400 ommon i 1-6000 s1zes. 1-3000 Common s1ze. 3 " 1-3555 Small ditto. 1-8000 Small size. 1-2666 Large ditto. 1-5333 Large ditto. 1-3032 itto. 1-6866 Average ditto. 7 eet gto * See Med. Chir. Trans., vol. xxiii.; Dublin Med. Press, Nov. 27, 1839; Annals of Nat. History, Dec. 1839; and Lond. and Edin. Phil. Mag. of the same date. + See Appendix to Gerber’s Anatomy. No. CXV.—Proceepines or THE ZOOL. Soc. 108 Napu Musk Deer (Moschus Javanicus, Pallas). 1-13400 ) Common Pale Globules of the Blood. 1-12000 ALAR. 1-3200 Common size. 1-16000 Small size. 1-4000 Small ditto. 1- 9600 Large ditto. 1-2666 Large ditto. 1-12325 Average ditto. 1-3200 Average ditto. I may add that Mr. Siddall, who has lately at my request mea- sured the blood-corpuscles of the Ibex and of the Goat, has obtained almost exactly the same results as those above specified. Mr. Gulliver also communicated a paper ‘‘ On the Blood-Corpus- cles of the British Ophidian Reptiles.”” To this communication are added some observations on the figure of the blood-corpuscles of other oviparous Vertebrata. “The observations were made on perfectly fresh blood, and the corpuscles measured as they floated in the serum. “Though the blood-discs of Birds and Reptiles preserve their shape very clearly when rapidly dried on a ship of glass, they generally appear in this state slightly but distinctly smaller than when sus- pended in the serum of recent blood; whereas, when the blood-discs of Mammalia are dried in precisely the same way they are commonly slightly larger than in the wet state, as I have noticed more particu- larly in the ‘ Philosophical Magazine’ for January and February 1840, pp. 25 and 105.” “‘In Mammalia the envelope of the corpuscle is more delicate, more susceptible of contraction and of modifications of form, and apparent- ly softer, than in Birds and Reptiles ; so that the corpuscles of Mam- mals are more liable to shrink a little soon after removal from the circulating channels, than the corpuscles of Birds and Reptiles ; and it may be that this softness of the blood-disc of Mammals allows it to spread out in some degree, even when dried ever so quickly. But it is more probable that the corpuscles preserve their usual size and form when dried almost instantaneously, and that the shrinking or modifications of shape which the corpuscles may undergo in liquid, coagulating, or slowly-dried blood, may be influenced as much by changes in the surrounding fibrine as by a contractility inherent in the corpuscles. The envelope of the blood-dise of Fishes is much more delicate and evanescent than the same part in Birds and Rep- tiles ; hence in the blood of Fishes, even soon after death, the nuclei will be observed in great abundance, while the envelopes have par- tially-or entirely disappeared ; and the form of the entire corpuscles is not so easily preserved by drying as in the other oviparous verte- brate animals. P «The following measurements of the blood-corpuscles of the Slow Worm, Snake, and Viper, are all expressed in vulgar fractions of an English inch. The common sizes are first set down, then a space is left; the small and large discs are next noted, and lastly the ave- 109 rage, deduced from the numbers above, is placed beneath the lines. L.D. stands for Long Diameter, and S.D. for Short Diameter. March 19, 1842.—Slow Worm (Anguis fragilis, Linn.). L.D. S.D. 1-1200 1-2666 1-1143 1-1333 1-4000 1-1067 1-2000 1-1178 1-2666 Pale Globules of the Blood (abundant). 1-2626 1-2900 1-2400 1-2626 Sept. 9, 1841..-Common Snake (Natrizx torquata, Ray). L.D. S.D. Thickness. 1-1333 1-2400 1- 8000 1-1455 1-2000 1-1777 1-2666 1-10666 1-1090 1-1777 1- 7110 1-1371 1-2157 1- 8341 Nuclei, exposed by dilute acetic acid. L.D. $.D. 1-4000 1-7110 1-5333 1-9140 1-2900 1-5333 1-3835 1-6817 Pale Globules of the Blood (tolerably numerous). 1-2400 : 1-3200 1-1777 1-2322 “The pale globules were generally granular and opake, though some of them were thin and transparent at the edges, as if growing into discs. In the blood there were many circular discs of a deep red colour, and generally 1-2666th of an inch in diameter. The regular discs were rounded at the edges, and almost all flat; but a 110 very careful search might occasionally detect one or two with slight gibbosity of the surfaces opposite to the nucleus. March 24, 1842.—Viper (Coluber Berus, Linn.). L.D. SD. 1-1333 1-1777 1-1500 1-2400 1-1067 1-1455 1-1274 1-1800 Nuclei, exposed by acetic acid. L.D. 8.D 1-3355 1-5333 1-3000 1-4800 1-4000 1-6400 1-2666 1-4000 1-3227 1-4986 “The discs were clearly gibbous on the surfaces opposite to the nucleus. The pale globules were very numerous, and their common diameter was 1-2666th of an inch. “* Figure of the Corpuscles.—From the preceding measurements it results, that although the blood-discs of the Viper and Snake pre- sent the form of an ellipse rather less than twice as long as it is broad, in the Slow Worm the elliptical figure of the discs is more elongated, since its length is considerably more than twice its breadth. «As M. Mandl states, all observers had agreed that the long dia- meter of the oval blood-corpuscles of vertebrate animals was never more than one and a half or twice the short diameter, when he de- scribed the corpuscles of the Crocodilide as forming a singular ex- ception to this rule; because he found that the long diameter of the blood-discs of Crocodilus Lucius was between two and three times as much as the short diameter. I am not aware whether M. Mandl had examined any other species of this family; but, as described in the ‘ Proceedings of the Zoological Society,’ Nov. 10, 1840, I found that in Crocodilus acutus and in Champsa fissipes the corpuscles had the most common oval form, the length being rather less than twice the breadth*. “In the ‘ Proceedings of the Zoological Society,’ June 9, 1840, I showed that the blood-corpuscles of some birds differ greatly in figure from the corpuscles of other congenerous species. The cor- puscles of the Snowy Owl (Syrnia nyctea), for example, are singu- * In an alligator, the species of which was not determined, I found the blood-corpuscles of the same shape. ‘The animal came from Tampico Bay, Vera Cruz, and died at the gardens of the Society in the beginning of Oc- tober 1842, 111 larly elongated ellipses, while the corpuscles of the Common Brown Owl have the usual oval form ; and a similar peculiarity, though in a less degree, was observed in comparing the corpuscles of the Pas- senger Pigeon (Columba migratoria) with those of other allied species. “Subsequently I have mentioned, in the ‘ Appendix to Gerber’s Anatomy,’ that the corpuscles of Birds may present, comparatively, either the figure of a very broad or of a very narrow ellipse. Of the latter shape, examples may be found in the corpuscles of the Great Butcher Bird (Lanius excubitor), Nightingale (Philomela luscinia), Snow Bunting (Plectrophanes nivalis); and of the former shape in the corpuscles of the Java Sparrow (Lowia Javensis), and several other granivorous birds. “The nucleus of the blood-corpuscles of Birds, when exposed by acetic acid, has almost always a more elongated form than the un- changed envelope, as mentioned in the book just quoted. But to this rule I have since found a few remarkable exceptions. In the Common Fowl (Gallus domesticus), for instance, the nucleus is a very short ellipse, and even sometimes nearly or quite circular. For the difference between the shape of the nucleus, when exposed by acetic acid, or by soaking the corpuscles in water, a figure may be consulted which I have given to illustrate this subject in my ‘ Con- tributions to Minute Anatomy,’ Lond. and Edin. Phil. Mag., August 1842, page 109.” A paper was then read from Mr. Gould, in which he gives the characters of two new genera of Birds, one belonging to the family Sylviade and the other to the Psittacide. ‘Having observed,” says Mr. Gould, “during my late visit to Australia, much difference to exist in the habits of the birds usually placed in the genus Platycercus, I was naturally led to investigate the matter as fully as circumstances would admit, and on examina- tion of the two birds known as PI. erythropterus and Pl. scapulatus, I found that the difference of their habits from those of the typical Platycerci was accompanied by a sufficient difference in their ana- tomy to warrant their separation into a distinct genus. Indepen- dently of the variations indicated in the generic characters given below, these birds are remarkable for possessing a tolerably well- developed os furcatorium, which bone is entirely wanting in the true Platycerci and Euphemi : in their habits they approach nearer to the Lories, are of a dull and sullen disposition, and do not readily become tame and familiar like the Platycerci ; they are also essentially arbo- real, procuring their food among the branches of the trees; while a resort to the ground and feed principally upon grass seeds.” These two birds he therefore proposed to erect into a new genus, under the appellation of APROSMICTUS. Gen. Char. ut in Platycerco.—Rostrum attamen debilius, ceromate plumis tenuibus instar pilorum nares adumbrantibus instructo. 112 Ale longiores et minis concave. Cauda magis quadrata. Tarsi breviores. Digiti longiores. Types.—Platycercus scapulatus and erythropterus, which will now stand as Aprosmictus scapulatus and A. erythropterus. The other birds which Mr. Gould proposed to form into a new genus are the Petroica rhodinogaster of Messrs. Jardine and Selby, and the Petroica rosea of himself. These birds are much more ar- boreal in their habits than the true Petroicas, which are expressly adapted for the ground, while these are equally so to the thick brushwood, to the deepest gullies among which they usually resort. For this group he proposed the designation of ERYTHRODRYAS. Gen. Char. fere ut in Petroicd.—Rostrum attamen brevius, ad basim magis depressum, et vibrissis tenuibus anticé ductis naresque ad- umbrantibus instructum. Ale breviores, magis rotundate; pri- mariis primo et secundo brevissimis, quinto longissimo. Tarsi breviores. Digiti longiores ; externi inter se feré equales. Ungues acutiores et magis incurvati. Type.—Erythrodryas rhodinogaster (Petroica rhodinogaster, Jard. and Selb.). To this genus also belongs the species characterized by him in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society for 1839, p. 142, under the name of Petroica rosea, which will now stand as Hrythrodryas rosea. 113 August 23, 1842. William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair. Mr. Prince exhibited, on the part of Mr. Gould, two new species of Australian Birds. These Mr. Gould characterizes as follows :— Asrur cruentus. Ast. capite et occipite plumbeis ; torque nuchalt castaneo dorso, alis, cauddque eplumbeo-fuscis ; fusco colore apud dorsum magis prevalente, plumbeo apud ceteras partes ; remigum primorum pogoniis internis ad basim albescentibus et plumbeo- fasciatis ; corpore inferiore ferrugineo, fasciis crebris, angustis et semicircularibus ornato. Male.—Crown of the head and occiput dark slate-colour ; sides of the face grey ; at the back of the neck a collar of chestnut-red ; back, wings and tail slaty brown, the brown hue predominating on the back and the slate-colour upon the other parts; inner webs of the primaries fading into white at the base, and crossed by bars of slate- colour; the interspaces freckled with buff; inner webs of the tail- feathers marked in a precisely similar manner ; chin buffy white ; all the under surface rust-red, crossed by numerous narrow semicircular bands of white; irides bright yellow; cere dull yellow ; bill black at the tip, blue at the base ; legs and feet pale yellow; claws black. Total length, 144 inches; bill, 3; wing, 7 ; tail, 6; tarsi, 24. Hab. Western Australia. This species is intermediate in size between Astur approximans and Accipiter torquatus, but is of a more grey or blue colour on the back, and has the transverse lines on the breast narrower and more rufous. LosrvaneLtus personatus. Lob. verlice et occipiie nigerrimis ; Ffaciei lateribus nuchd, uropygio, et corpore inferiore albis ; dorso et plumis scapularibus pallidé fuscescenti-cinereis ; paleis penden- tibus flavis ; rostro ad basim flavis ad apicem nigris ; pedibus e carneo-rubris. Crown of the head and occiput jet-black ; sides of the face, back of the neck, rump, and all the under surface pure white ; back and scapularies light brownish grey ; wing-coverts grey; primaries deep black ; secondaries white at the base on their inner webs, cinnamon- grey on their outer webs, and largely tipped with black ; the extreme ends of the feathers being cinnamon-grey, particularly the two cen- tral ones ; irides primrose-yellow ; wattles lemon-yellow ; bill lemon- yellow at the base, black at the tip; legs and feet carmine-red; the scales in front blackish green. Total length, 12 inches; bill, 12; wing, 82; tail, 4; tarsi, 23. Hab. North coast of Australia. 114 This species is of the same size, but more elegantly formed than the Lob. lobatus, the fleshy wattles more extensively developed, the crown of the head only black, and not the back and sides of the neck, as in that species. Mr. Waterhouse exhibited several species of Mammals, collected in Borneo by the Society’s Corresponding Member, James Brooke, Esq., and recently forwarded to England by that gentleman. Among these specimens was a fine example of the Paradoxurus Derbianus, Gray, an animal which has also received the names Paradoxurus Zebra, Hemigalea Zebra, and Viverra Boiei. Two specimens of Gymnura, a specimen of the Prionodon gracilis, and two species of Squirrel, also formed part of the collection. The Gymauri differ much in colouring from the G. Rafflesii. In- stead of having the fur black, and with longer interspersed white hairs, the Bornean specimens are entirely of a yellowish white colour, with the exception of the long bristly hairs interspersed with the ordinary fur, which are some of them black. In other respects the Sumatran and Bornean specimens of Gymnura agree so closely that Mr. Waterhouse did not regard the difference in colouring as indi- dicative of specific distinction. The existence of the Prionodon gracilis in Borneo is noticed by Miller, who applies to the animal the name Linsang gracilis. Be- lieving the skull of this animal had never been described or figured, Mr. Waterhouse called attention to the peculiarities in its structure. In some of its external characters, especially in the structure of its feet, with their truly retractile claws, the Prionodon evinces an affinity to the Cats, which would lead the naturalist to seek for some corresponding points of resemblance in the skull; this, however, presents all the characteristics of the Viverride: it is of the same elongated form ; the lower jaw is long and slender, and the rami are curved, so that the angular portion and symphysis are raised. Com- pared with other Viverride, the Prionodon skull is remarkable for the thinness of the bones and the very slight development of the muscular ridges. In general form it approximates more nearly to Paradocvurus than to Viverra or Genetta. The zygomatic arch, which is slender, is thrown more boldly outwards than in the last two mentioned genera, and the posterior portion of the cranium does not exhibit the sudden contraction immediately behind the posterior root of the zygomatic arch which we observe in the Viverras and Genets. ‘The post-orbital process of the temporal bone is but little prominent, being in the form of an obtuse angle; the skull differing in this respect from that of Paradoxurus, as well as in having the palate continued considerably beyond the line of the posterior mo- lars. The muzzle is much compressed. The temporal ridges are rather widely separated and but slightly marked, though, judging from the dentition, the animal was adult. The ant-orbital opening is larger than in Geneéta and less advanced, and hence the branch of the superior maxiliary which forms its upper boundary is narrower, as in Paradozurus. In the form of the lower jaw there is a close ap- 115 proximation to Paradorurus ; the only important difference consists in the smaller antero-posterior extent of the coronoid process. The teeth in Prionodon differ much from those of Paradozxurus ; indeed, were the dentition alone to be considered, these two genera would be placed at opposite extremes of the Viverrine group, the last-mentioned genus evincing the nearest approach to an omnivo- rous diet, whilst the Prionodon possesses teeth the most unfitted for mastication. The incisors are arranged closely together, and in a straight line ; the incisor on each side of both jaws, nearest the canines, is rather larger than the others, which are slightly notched at the extremity. The canines are rather long, very slender, and moderately curved. The false molars, which are are much compressed, high, and 4.4 sharply pointed. The foremost false molar, both of upper and lower jaws, is small, and has a small tubercle on the hinder part of the principal cusp. The second and third false molars of the upper jaw have each two small notches, and a corresponding number of small tubercles on the posterior margiv. and at the base of the principal cusp ; and there is an indistinct tubercle in front, near the base : the second, third, and fourth false molars of the lower jaw have also the double notch behind, but differ in having a distinct, though small, anterior cusp. The first and second false molars of both jaws’are separated from the other teeth and from each other by interspaces, of which the broadest is that which separates the second and third of these teeth in the upper jaw, the space here being nearly a line in width. The carnassier of the upper jaw very nearly resembles that of the Cat, but the central cusp is higher, and the inner tubercle is proportionally smaller. ‘The carnassier of the lower jaw may be best described by comparing it with the corresponding tooth in the Genet, from which it differs only in having the cutting edges rather more produced, in being more compressed; the inner tubercle is more pointed, and the heel proportionately smaller. As regards the true molars, the present animal differs from other Viverride in possessing but one of these teeth on each side of the upper jaw; its 1-1 . : : true molars are therefore Toy’ and this certainly does not arise from immaturity in the animal. The form of this tooth closely resembles that of the foremost of the two upper true molars in Genetta, but is proportionately rather smaller and the tubercles are somewhat more developed. The true molar of the lower jaw is a mere rudimentary tooth, and differs from that of Genetta and other Viverride, not only in its small size, but in being of a compressed form: its cutting edge is divided by notches into three parts. In the possession of but one true molar in the upper jaw, Priono- don would appear to approach the Felide; but the structure of this tooth, it must be observed, is essentially the same as in the Viver- ride, and it is combined with a small true molar in the lower jaw, which is never found in the Cats. On the whole, Prionodon approaches most nearly to the Genets as 116 regards its dentition; but in the general structure of the skull, Mr. Waterhouse observed, it evinced an affinity with the Paradovuri, to which group it appeared to be linked by the Paradoxurus Derbianus, or Hemigalea Zebra. Links are nevertheless wanting to prove that Prionodon should be regarded as an offset from the Paradoxurine group. One of the two Squirrels alluded to is the Sciurus ephippium, de- scribed in Dr. Miiller’s great work on the Zoology of the Dutch Pos- sessions in the Indian Archipelago. The other closely resembles the Sc. Prevostii or Rafflesii, and may be a variety of that species; it differs in being smaller; the cheeks are freely pencilled with rusty red, instead of being grey as in Rafflesii, and the sides of the muzzle are of the same reddish hue, not having the white patch which is observable in Sir S. Raffles’s Sumatran specimen; the outer side of the thighs has a grey tint, produced by the admixture of black and white; the hairs being of the former colour, but white or yellowish white at the point. In the type of Rafflesii the same part is furnished with uniform white hairs, excepting the hinder part of the thigh, which is black. The tail is uniform black in that animal, but the Bornean specimen has the hairs tipped with white in such a way as to produce rings; these rings, however, do not extend to the apical portion of the tail, about two inches of which is uniform black. The hairs covering the ears are partly black, but chiefly of the same rich rusty red as are all the under parts of the animal. The Sumatran animal has black ears. Dr. Miiller, in the work before quoted, de- scribes specimens of a squirrel from Borneo, which he regards as a variety of Sc. Rafflesii, and which agree closely with the specimen from Mr. Brooke’s collection; this, however, has the hairs on the upper parts of the body of an uniform glossy black colour; Dr. Mil- ler observes they are generally terminated with yellowish points in the specimens he met with. September 13, 1842. William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair. The first paper read was from J. O. Westwood, Esq. _ It contains descriptions of some Coleopterous Insects from tropical Africa, be- longing to the section Heteromera, and is the continuation of a paper on the same subject, communicated to the Society August 24th, 1841, an abstract of which will be found in the ‘ Proceedings’ of that date. Genus CaLosTEcIA. Corpus magnum oblongum. Caput mediocre, clypeo margine an- tico recto, angulis anticis valdé porrectis basin labri recipientibus. Antenne crass breves, articulis 7-10 precedentibus majoribus, ulti- mo majori apice subacuto. Mandibule ad apicem bidentate dente- que altero majori in vel versus medium marginis interni armate. Mazille \obo interno in dentem corneum obtusum hamatum termi- nato. Palpi mavillares articulo ultimo securiformi. Mentum latum lateribus rotundatis, basi valdé constrictum. Labium quadratum. Palpi labiales articulo ultimo ovali. Prothorax subquadratus anticé paulld latior, lateribus versus angulos anticos serratis. Hlytra oblongo-ovalia levia metalli-colorata. Pedes crassi, femoribus om- nibus ante apicem bispinosis ; tibiis intus, ante et pone medium sinuatis. CaLosTEGIA PURPURIPENNIS. Cal. nigra subopaca levis, elytris purpureis sub lente tenuissime striato-punctatis. Long. corp. lin. 17; lat. elytror. feré lin. 6. Hab. in Ashantee. Mus. D. Hope. Nycropates marens. Nyct. niger subnitidus, capite thoraceque sub lente tenuissime punctatis, elytrisque tenuissime striato-punc- tatis, pedibus longis, tibiis subincurvis, thoracis angulis posticis acutis. Long. corp. lin. 84; lat. elytr. pone medium lin. 33. Hab. in Guinea. In mus. nost. communic. D. Raddon. Totus niger parim nitidus. Caput margine antico (clypeo incluso) subsemicirculari, clypei utrinque incisione parva in linea obliqua im- press4 desinente distinguendo ; lineaque altera impressé longitudi- nali utrinque ad marginem internum oculorum. Superficies capitis regulariter punctata punctis parvis. Antenne articulo primo crasso longitudine 4, 24° minuto, 34° longo, ceteris longitudine fere zequa- libus at sensim latioribus, 5 ultimis compressis setosis, ultimo ovali, basi truncato, apice rotundato. Mandibule subtrigone apice acute, intus edentatz sed spatio mediano membranaceo. Mazille lobo in- No. CXVI.—Procerpines or THE Zoot. Soc. 118 terno in uncum corneum terminato. Palpi mazillares articulo ultimo securiformi. Mentum subquadratum anticé paulld latius, anticé carina curvata instructum: labium breve transversum ciliatum. Palpz labiales breves articulo ultimo dilatato-ovali apice truncato. Prothoragr ca- pite multo latior, margine antico truncato, lateribus rotundatis, an- gulis posticis acutis; marginatus, margine antico tamen in medio interrupto; superficies tota crebre punctata, punctis minutis et non approximatis. EHlytra basi thorace latiora, humeris rotundatis ; sensim latiora, apice utrinque partm sinuata; dorso gibboso super- ficies sub lente quasi coriacea; singulo striis 9 e punctis minutis formatis oculo nudo vix conspicuis, stria interna propé scutellum abbreviata. Pedes longi, graciles, femoribus anticis crassioribus ; omnibus apice inermibus; tibiis anticis pone medium partum intus curvatis, apice externé intus setoso, extus obliqué truncato, tibiis 4 posticis subrectis, medio vix subincurvato, apiceque subinflexis ; calcaribus omnibus minutissimis. Nycrosates conrusus. Nyet. niger levis subnitidus, elytris lati- oribus, pronoti lateribus in medio sinuatis et sanguineo-marginatis. Long. corp. lin. 1; lat. elytr. pone med. lin. 5. Hab. in Africé zquinoxiali. Mus.Soc. Linn. Lond. D. Banks. Caput nigrum, sub lente tenuissime punctatum carina longitudinali utrinque versus marginem internum oculorum. Antenne articulis apicalibus latioribus. Pronotum transversé quadratum, angulis an- ticis obliqué truncatis et parim rotundatis, lateribus in medio sinu- atis tenuissime marginatis, angulis posticis acutis feré rectangulis ; sub lente tenuissime punctatum ; lateribus laté et obscuré sanguineis, colore sanguineo ante medium intus acuté producto, dorso nigro ; margine postico in medio versus scutellum partim producto. Elytra nigra nitida lzvia, latiora quam in congenericis, preesertim pone me- dium, apicem versus attenuata; sub lente seriebus 8 longitudinalibus punctorum minutorum. Pedes longitudine mediocres, graciles, tibiis simplicibus feré rectis. Individuum in mus. D. Hope vidi lineas 94 tantum habens, statu- raque partum minus robusta ; vix tamen species distincta. Nycrosates punctatus. Nyct. niger obscurus, prothoracis angulis anticis rotundatis, lateribus in medio incisis angulisque posticis acutis, elytris punctato-striatis, antennis sensim dilatatis. Long. corp. lin. 92; lat. elytr. pone med. lin. feré 4. Hab. in Guined. In mus. D. Hope, comm. D. Westermann. Syn. Helops punctatus, Fabr., Syst. Eleuth. i. 161. Caput obscurum sub lente tenue punctatum; clypeo posticé im- pressione transversé e vertice separato, carindque utrinque ad mar- ginem oculorum. Antenne mediocres sensim ad apicem incrassate compresse, linea tenui media impressa postica. Prothorar subqua- dratus angulis anticis rotundatis, lateribus in medio sinuatis, tenue marginatis, angulis posticis acutis et parim extus productis ; margine postico versus scutellum posticé producto. Hlytra thorace haud multo latiora pone medium parim latiora, singulo seriebus 8 longi- tudinalibus punctorum impressorum magnitudine irregularium, stria- 119 que altera abbreviata versus scutellum; striis 1 et 2 ad basin con- nexis; striz 5 et 6 longe ante apicem conjunguntur ; strie 3 et 4 propriores, 2 et 7, et 1 cum 8va connexis. Pedes longitudine me- diocres, tibiis simplicibus et feré rectis. Mesosternum anticé biden- tatum, prosterni apicem acutum recipiens. I give the insect here described as the true H. punctatus, Fab., on the authority of a specimen received by the Rev. F. W. Hope from Copenhagen, from M. Westermann, who has such excellent oppor- tunities of determining those Fabrician species which were described from the cabinets of Lund and Sehestedt, as was the case with the present species. This is the more important, as the Fabrician de- scription is so slight as to be applicable to scores of species of He- teromerous insects. Nycrozares Hypocrita. Nyct. niger subobscurus tenuissime punc- tatus, prothoracis lateribus subrotundatis integris angulis anticis acutis, antennis longioribus apice parim latioribus. Long. corp. lin. 82; lat. elytr. pone med. lin. 33. Hab. in Guinea. In Mus. D. Hope, comm. D. Westermann. Syn. Iphthinus Hypocrita, Dej., Cat. sine descr.; Iphthinus Gui- neensis, Westermann, MSS. Niger subobscurus. Caput (presertim in clypeo) et prothorax punctata; clypeus e vertice linea impressa curvata vix separata, ca- rina utrinque partm elevataé ad marginem internum oculorum. An- tenne graciles articulis 3 vel 4 ultimis partm latioribus compressis. Prothoraxr subquadratus, lateribus subrotundatis marginatis integris angulis posticis acutis ; margine postico feré recto tenué marginato. Eilytra parim convexiora quam in reliquis; singulo sulcis 8 profun- dis longitudinalibus et punctatis, inter se connexis ut in specie pre- cedenti; pone medium paulld latiora et posticé acuminata. Pedes longiores, simplices, tibiis parim curvatis. NyYcToBATES TRANSVERSALIS. Nyct. niger subobscurus subpunc- tatus, capite parvo, oculis magnis, antennis apice haud incrassatis, prothorace transverso angulis anticis rotundatis, lateribus integris, elytris striato-punctatis. Long. corp. lin. 94; lat. elytr. lin. 4. Hab. apud Sierram Leonam. In mus. D. Hope et Waterhouse. Caput sub lente punctatum, presertim in clypeo magno transverso- ovato, e vertice lined forti impressA semicirculari diviso; oculi magni, angulis internis intus productis, spatio parvo intermedio tan- tum relicto ; carine duz interoculares subobsolete. Antenne breves subdepresse, articulis 7 ultimis subequalibus apicem versus haud incrassatis. Prothorav latior quam longus lateribus tenué margina- tis subrotundatis integris angulis posticis vix acutis ; margine postico feré recto; dorso tenué punctato. lytra feré parallela, thorace la- tiora, angulis humeralibus obliqué truncatis longitudinaliter sulcatis, sulcis sub lente punctatis, stridque alteré abbreviata versus scutellum, Pedes graciles simplices, tibiis feré rectis. Nycropates Brevicornis, Nyct. niger, capite et pronoto tenuis- 120 sime punctatis, antennis brevibus, prothorace quadrato lateribus parallelis, elytris punctato-striatis, pedibus brevibus. Long. corp. lin. 11; lat. elytr. lin. 4. Hab. in mus. D. Hope. Caput sub lente tenuissime punctatum, clypeo e vertice vix sepa- rato, carinisque interocularibus obsoletis, oculi margine interno ro- tundato. Antenne vix capite longiores articulis 6 apicalibus com- pressis subzequalibus. Prothorax quadratus lateribus feré rectis et parallelis angulis anticis rotundatis, posticis vero acutis margine postico in medio paulld rotundato-producto; disco tenuissime punc- tato lined tenuissima punctorum mediand. Hlytra subparallela elongata, prothorace partm latiora, singulis seriebus 8 punctorum profundé impressorum, striaéque basali interrupté punctata versus scutellum. Pedes breves simplices, tibiis feré rectis. Nycropatrs rotunpvicotuis. Nyct. niger subopacus, capite pone oculos utrinque sulcato, thorace rotundato varioloso-punctato, ely- tris profunde punctato-striatis. Long. corp. lin. 7; lat. elytr. lin. 23. Hab, in Sierra Leona. In mus. D. Hope et Waterhouse. Caput punctatum, clypeo magno e vertice impressione curvata sepa- rato. Oculi majores, carinis interocularibus obsoletis, sulco utrinque ex angulo interno oculorum ad prothoracem ducto. Antenne breves, articulis 6 ultimis majoribus subzqualibus subtriangularibus latis depressis ultimo majori. Prothorar rotundatus lateribus rotundatis, angulis posticis subobtusis, disco yarioloso punctatissimo ; margine postico magis marginato quam laterali, et in medio partm versus scu- tellum rotundato. /lytra lateribus feré parallelis, angulis humera- libus rotundatis, singulo striis 9 punctorum profundé impressorum, striis 4 et 5, 3 et 6, 7 et 8, 2 et 9, ad apicem conjunctis. Pedes breves simplices, tibiis rectis, femoribus anticis crassioribus. Genus NEsIOTICUS. Corpus breve rotundatum valdé gibbosum. Caput mediocre, breve margine antico (clypei) et lateribus (ante oculos) elevatis, vertice partum concayo. Labrum breve transversum, angulis anticis rotun- datis, ciliatum. Mandibule trigone crasse, extus rotundate, intus sinuate, cavitate parvain medio. Mazille lobo externo majori, sub- articulato, valdé setoso, interno setoso inermi. Palpi mazillares crassi, articulo ultimo maximo securiformi. Mentum oblongum, anticé paulld latius angulis anticis acuté productis. Labrum subquadratum angulis anticis rotundatis, setosum. Palpi mazillares breves articulo ultimo ovato, apice subtruncato. Antenne prothorace feré longitudine zequales articulo basali detecto, 3%° 4% duplo longiori, hoc ad 10% latitudine partm crescentibus compressis, longitudine zequalibus, articulo 11™° precedenti parim longiori subrotundato. Prothoraxr transversus, anticé angustior, lateribus subrotundatis, angulis pos- ticis acutis. Scutellum triangulare. Elytra valde convexa ovali- rotundata, thorace feré duplo latiora. Pedes simplices longitudine feré equales, tibiis rectis, tarsis subtis setosis, marginibus acutis. Mesosternum obtusum paulld porrectum. Venter 5-annulatus. 121 Nesroricus ruavoricrus. Nes. niger nitidus levis, elytrorum hu- meris apicibusque signaturis flavo-notatis. Long. corp. lin. §; lat. elytr. lin. 44. Hab. Gold Coast, Africe tropice. In mus. Westw. comm. D. Raddon. Niger nitidus levis sub lente haud punctatus capite excepto. La- brum piceum. Antenne nigre articulo ultimo apice brunneo. Vertex tenuissime punctatus. Thoraw lateribus tenuissime marginatis. Hly- tra valdé convexa nitida, singulo lineis 8 punctorum minutorum im- presso; fascia tenui transversd flava versus basin ad suturam inter- rupta, et cum striga marginali, alteraque media longitudinali versus basin elytrorum extensA connex4 ; singulo elytro etiam versus apicem signatura tenui subtriangulari ejusdem coloris notato. Genus Occosoma. Corpus breve latissimum. Caput mediocre carina utrinque e margine antico et interno oculorum feré ad basin mandibularum ducta. Antenne longitudine capitis et prothoracis, graciles, vix ver- sus apicem crassiores, articulo 3%° longissimo, 4° et reliquis sub- zequalibus setosis. Mandibule crasse, extus rotundate, apice sub- bifid, margine interno feré recto. Labrum transversum emarginatum. Mandibule lobis duobus membranaceis ciliatis. Palpi mazillares articulo ultimo magno securiformi. Mentwm obconicum basi trun- catum et angustatum angulis anticis acutis, in medio longitudinaliter carinatum. Labium cordatum. Palpi labiales articulo witimo ma- jori ovali, apice acuminato. Prothoraz latior quim longus, convexus, lateribus in medio rotundato-angulatis, angulis anticis et posticis acutis. H/ytra prothorace multo latiora, convexa, rotundata, inter- rupto-costata. Pedes mediocres graciles setigeri. OGcosoMA GRANULARE. Ogcos. nigrum sericeum prothorace punc- tis duobus rotundatis discoidalibus, elytris irregulariter et inter- rupto-costatis, antennis pedibusque cinereo-setosis. Long. corp. lin. 6; lat. elytr. lin. 4. ~ Hab. in Gambia. In mus. Westwood. Caput et thorax nigra, sericea, (sc.sub lente) tuberculis minutissimis alterisque majoribus sparsis nitidis obsita; hoc lateribus sub medio angulato-rotundatis, marginatis. Hlytra nigra et magis nitida, mi- nutissime granulata, tuberculisque numerosis majoribus elongatis et irregularibus, costas duas in singulo elytro quodammodo formanti- bus; lateribus marginatis et deflexis latera abdominis cingentibus. Pedes sat breves graciles, tibiis posticis partm curvatis. Genus MrcacantHa. Corpus robustum, crassum, convexum. Caput breve, punctatum, lateribus ante oculos elevato-tuberculatis. Oculi reniformes. La- brum transversum, angulis anticis rotundatis. Mandibule crasse, apice partum bidentate. Maville lobo interno membranaceo, externo magno valdé setigero. Palpi mavillares articulo ultimo securiformi. Mentum crateriforme. Labium cordatum. Palpi labiales breves, 122 articulo ultimo crasso ovali, apice subtruncato. Antenne sat longe, articulo 3t° vix 4 longiori, 7™° ceteris parim crassiori, hoc et reli- quis preecedentibus paullo latioribus. Prothorax rotundatus anticé et posticé subtruncatus, capite multo latior. Elytra brevia oblongo- ovalia, thorace latiora, convexa, punctato-striata. Pedes satis elon- gati, femoribus anticis crassis ante apicem interné dente valido cur- vato armatis ; tibize anticee ante medium paulld extus curvate ; inter- mediz intus subserratz ; postice recte. Foemina differt capite et prothorace paulld minoribus, hoc minus rotundato, pedibus anticis brevioribus et gracilioribus, dente fe- morum anticorum multd minori, tibiisque anticis minus curvatis, tibiisque intermediis haud serrulatis. . MeEGacanTHA TENEBROSA. Meg. nigra subnitida punctata, elytris striato-punctatis, angulis humeralibus distinctis. Long. corp. lin. 95-10; lat. elytr. lin. 43. Hab. Ashantee. In mus. D. Hope. Caput nigrum punctatum, clypeus brevis vix e vertice separatus. Oculi intus subapproximati, lunula tenui levi subnitida et subelevata interjecta, tuberculi anteoculares magni, basin antennarum tegentes. Prothorax tenué punctatissimus lateribus rotundatis, angulis anticis acutis, posticis subacutis. Hlytra sat profunde 8 striato-punctata ; stridque altera valdé abbreviata versus scutellum; striis 4 et 5, 3 et 6, et 2 et 7, posticé conjunctis. Pedes et corpus infra nigra subni- tida. An Helops dentatus, Fab. ? Mr. Reeve then communicated to the Meeting ‘‘ Descriptions of four new species of bivalve shells by Mr. Hanley.” Genus Souen. Soren acuminatus. Sol. testa albidd, epidermide tenui griseo- viridescente indutd, elongata, latitudine longitudinem tripliciter superante ; postice rotundatd ; antice acuminatd extremitate rotun- datd; marginibus arcuatis, ventrali. prope in medio incurvaté ; dentibus in utraque valvdé duobus, angustis, uno valdé minore. Long. ?; lat. 23 poll. Hab. in flumine Hoogley, Indiarum Orientalium. This shell, which has been found in great abundance at the mouth of the river Hoogley, is somewhat allied to the Solen acutidens of Broderip ; it is, however, well distinguished by its anterior acumi- nation. Genus PsamMmosia. PsamMosia costata. Psam. testd subellipticd, antic angulatd ; postice breviore angustatd, extremitate rotundatd ; pallidé, radiis angustis roseo-lividis ornatd; transversim irregulariter costatd, costis rudibus, planulatis, anticé subfurcatis ; intus vel purpured, vel aured. Long. 1; lat. 12 poll. Alab. ad oras Nove Zealandiz. 123 The coarse and somewhat prominent ribs render this shell easily distinguishable from the rest of the Psammobie. Genus CyYTHEREA. Cyrnerrea Eerrossa. Cyth. testa ovali-subcordiformi, subequilaterali, crassa, nitidd, convexd, transversim profunde sulcatd ; sulcis sub- remotis, interstitiis planulatis ; albido-lividd, lineis angularibus, saturatioribus, venulatad ; ano impresso, lanceolato ; vulva effossd lateribus candidis, fasciis spadiceis undulatis, transversim pictd ; disco interno purpureo, marginibus crenatis. Long. #; lat. 14 poll. Mus. Stainforth. Hab. ? The very singular manner in which this and the following species are excavated on the anterior side forms their prominent and distin- guishing characteristic. CyTuerea Excavata. Cyth. testd rotundato-ovatd, subequilaterali, postice expansd, antice propter marginis ventralis obliquam curva- tionem angustata ; crassd, levi, nitidd, depresso-convexd, pallideé Sulvi, venis lividis angularibus, plus minusve distinctis, marmoratd ; ano lanceolato ; vulva valde excavatd, lateribus planulatis, candidis, spadiceo leviter venulatis ; disco interno roseo ; marginibus tenuiter crenulatis. Long. 1; pi 14 poll. Mus. Stainforth. Hab. This shell es the preceding by its anterior excavation, but differs both in shape and in the absence of the transverse grooves. 124 September 27, 1842. William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair. A letter from the Society’s Corresponding Member, Dr. Cantor, was read ; it is dated Calcutta, February 12, 1842, and refers to a series of shells collected by that gentleman in Chusan, and which he presents to the Society. The following list of these shells, prepared by Dr. Cantor, was laid before the Meeting :— Helix ravida; Clausilia pluviatilis ; C. aculeus ; Achatina erecta ; Planorbis papyraceus; P. hemispherula; P. compressus, Hutton ; Lymnea plicatula ; Paludina longicornis ; P. striatula; P. quadrata ; P. lecythoides ; Melania cancellata; Arca galactodes; Modiola Sen- housia ; Anodon gibbum ; Corbicula fuscata ; Venus Sinensis ; Sangui- nolaria iridescens. . Mr. Fraser, the naturalist to the Niger expedition, exhibited seve- ral new species of Quadrupeds, constituting part of his collection formed at Fernando Po; and Mr. Waterhouse, at the request of the Chairman, read his description of the new species, these having been placed in his hands for examination by Mr. Fraser. Mr. Waterhouse first drew attention to a very interesting new genus of Rodents, which he characterized under the name ANOMALURUS*. Molares = radicati. Cranium sine processu post-orbitali ossis temporalis, sed foramine antorbitali magno, partem musculi masse- teris transmittente. Palatum anticé coarctatum, posticé emargina- tum in forma triangulari. Cauda modicé elongata et subfloccosa, parte basali triente subtus scutis magnis in serie duplici longitudina- litér dispositis (singulis angulo prominente) obtecta. Awres magne, subnude. Patagium inter artus extensum. Rhinarium nudum. Pedes subtis nudi; unguibus falcularibus, valdé compressis ; pedes antici 4-dactyli, digitis subequalibus ; postici 5-dactyli, digitis subzequali- bus, interno excepto, hoc breviore. Anomaturus Fraseri. An. vellere longo, permolli ; corpore super nigro ; dorso flavescenti-fusco lavato ; fronte incanescente ; corpore infra albo, vel albido ; artubus intus, patagio ad marginem et gut- ture fuliginoso tinctis. * From dvogos, out of law, and oved, a tail. Should this have been pre- viously used in a generic sense in Natural History, the name Arozthrus (from aégéa, to plough, and wi#ga, air) may be substituted. 125 une. lin. Longitudo ab apice rostri ad caude basin.... 14 0 COUDR — \. «cies Seiten a atahd sdcilegatn 4 8 6 BPA a as aot hor TAateh for cea sels ahclisis loves tarsi digitorumque ........ 1.440. 2.6 Hab. Fernando Po. Upon a cursory inspection this animal would be regarded as a species of Pteromys, having most of the general external characters of the members of that group ; there are, however, some points of di- stinction between the present animal and the large Flying Squirrels, which are important ; of these the most conspicuous are the extra- ordinary scales which cover the under side of the basal third of the tail : these scales are of a pale horn-colour, sixteen in number in one of two specimens before me, and fifteen in the other, and arranged in two longitudinal series : each scale is narrow at the base and broad at the opposite extremity, and in fact nearly of a triangular form ; but as the scales on one side alternate with those of the other, no interstices are left; they not only cover the under surface of the tail, but overlap the sides; in this overlapping of the scale a ridge is formed, the extremity of which is produced into an angle; the point of the angle is directed backwards. The portion of the tail which is thus protected beneath is well clothed with fur above, but the hairs are not long, and the apical portion (which is cylindri- cal) is much less bushy than in the large Flying Squirrels consti- tuting the genus Pteromys. ‘The hinder feet have the heel clothed with fur, but the outer margin beneath is naked, and not densely clothed, as in Pteromys. ‘The lateral flying membrane extends from the wrist to the ankle, and is supported moreover by a long cartilage in front, as in Pteromys; but this cartilage has its origin at the elbow-joint, and not at the wrist, as in the genus just mentioned. The interfemoral membrane extends to the heel, and is moreover at- tached to the sides of the tail, and when expanded forms almost a straight line. The ears are large, much longer than broad, and naked, excepting at the base on the outer side, where they are covered with long fur, like that on the body; the naked portion has a slight flesh-like tint, but is nearly white, as are also (Mr. Fraser’s notes state) the naked portions of the feet and the tip of the muzzle. The hairs of the moustaches are very numerous, and although not very thick, are unusually long. The fur is long and remarkably soft, and the hairs of which it is composed are all of one kind; that is, there are no longer interspersed stronger hairs, such as we usually find in the fur of the Rodents; the fur on the upper parts is sooty black, but, excepting on the membranes, most of the hairs are rather broadly tipped with yellowish rust-colour: on the upper surface of the head the colour is replaced by grey; on the under parts of the body the fur is dirty white; the throat is blackish, and the under side of the throat is tinted with sooty grey. The under side of the membranes is sparingly clothed with hairs; towards the margin the hairs are more numerous, and of a blackish tint. } 126 In the structure of the skull Azomalurus differs considerably from the known species of Sciuride. All the species of the family, the skulls of which I have had an opportunity of examining (and they are numerous, embracing all the known genera and subgenera), are distinguishable by the possession of a distinct post-orbital process to the cranium; they have the palate broad, and terminating in a line with the posterior molars, or behind that line; the molars of opposite sides of the jaw are parallel, and the ant-orbital opening is small, in the form of a tube, and serves only for the transmission of the infra-orbital nerve. These characters are not found in Anoma- lurus ; the post-orbital process is here reduced to a mere rudiment, being represented by an indistinct projection forming an obtuse angle: the ant-orbital opening is large, and evidently affords a pas- sage for a portion of the masseter muscle as well as the nerve; it moreover opens directly in the bony plate which constitutes the an- terior root of the zygomatic arch, and is not produced as it were into a tube, as in the typical Squirrels. The palate is narrow, and has a deep triangular emargination behind, the apex of the triangle being on a line with the hinder margin of the penultimate molar. The molar teeth converge in front, so that the space between the two foremost is scarcely equal in width to one of these teeth ; the crowns of the molars of opposite sides of the upper jaw, instead of being on the same plane, or very nearly so, are directed obliquely outwards ; and the masticating surface of those of the lower jaw, to meet them, incline in an opposite direction. The incisive foramina are longer than is usual in the Sciuride, and encroach in a slight degree upon the maxillary bones. The nasal portion of the skull is narrower, and the nasal bones are remarkable for a deep emargination in front. I have been led to institute a comparison between the present animal and the species of the Sciuride, on account of certain points of resemblance which there exist between it and the Flying Squir- rels (Pteromys), especially in the possession of the expanded flank and interfemoral membranes. In the almost total absence of post- orbital process, however, and in the comparatively large size of the ant-orbital opening, the Anomalurus evinces an approach to the Myoxide; the approximation is moreover observable in the narrow- ness of the nasal bones and the slenderness of the zygomatic arch, these parts being compared with those corresponding in the squirrel skull. The lower jaw is formed like that of the Squirrels, and does not present certain peculiarities observable in the Myovus, viz. that of having the descending ramus perforated, its posterior angle acute, and the upper posterior angle produced. The incisor teeth are deeper than broad, and almost flat in front. The molars are permanently, it would appear, = for in a skull of a young animal in which but three molars on either side of the jaw are protruded, there is no trace of the small anterior molar so com- monly found in the Squirrels. They are very nearly equal in size, and of a quadrate form; the crown of each molar of the upper jaw 127 is slightly indented, both on the outer and inner side, and the poste- rior inner angle is somewhat produced; in the young animal it is more distinctly produced and is acute, and the outer and inner in- dentations are scarcely traceable. The molars of the lower jaw have each a strong indentation on the outer side. The folds of enamel cross the crowns of the molars in the transverse direction, and the spaces between the folds (four or three in number) are about equal in width to these folds. The masticating surfaces of these teeth are worn flat by usage, even in the comparatively young animal, as in other Rodents which have a large ant-orbital opening, and have not the tubercular surface such as we find in the molars of the typical Squirrels. These last-mentioned animals, it would appear, have a rotatory motion of the lower jaw, whilst the Anomaluri have a lon- gitudinal, no doubt combined with the rotatory motion; and this difference is perhaps due to the action of that portion of the masse- ter muscle which passes through the ant-orbital opening. The apparatus of scales, Mr. Fraser remarked, was used by the animal to support itself when resting on the trees, which it ascends with great agility. He had observed this animal dart from the top of a lofty tree to another at a considerable distance. Descend- ing at an angle, it aimed with great nicety at the trunk of the tree on which it intended to alight, and, settling near the base, it would again ascend to travel to a third tree in the same manner ; occasion- ally, when high up on the trunk, it would rest itself, making use of the singular apparatus of scales on the under side of the tail. The unarmed portion of the tail was then turned backwards and upwards. Mr. Waterhouse then proceeded to characterize three new species of Squirrels from Mr. Fraser’s collection, as follows:— ~ Scrurus Srancerr. Sc. pilis longis et rigidis, nigro et flavescenti- penicillatis ; genis, guld, corporeque subtis pilis sparse obtectis, his plerumque pallidis ; caudd magnd, nigro alboque annulatd ; auribus parvulis ; foramine infra-orbitali haud in canali educto. une. lin, Longitudo ab apice rostri ad caude basin.... 12 0 caud@........ fetahaet ovo, sWoiebetar ru 15 0 FOP SU MIG OT UMGUE:, sce ess ss 2 8i ESAT MET meine ea, sk ARS 6 coe 0 5 Hab. in Insula Fernando Po. _ The most striking external characters of this species consist in its large tail, which is ringed with black and white; the crispness of the fur and the seminaked condition of the under parts of the body, the sides of the face, muzzle, throat, and the inner side of the limbs: —all these parts are so sparingly clothed with hairs that the skin is visible. On the upper parts of the body there is scarcely any trace of the finer under-fur, nearly all the hairs being of the same harsh character; they are black, broadly annulated with yellowish white or rusty yellow; on the fore parts of the body the former tint pre- vails, but the hinder parts may be described as black, freely pencilled with bright rusty yellow; on the hind limbs this last-mentioned Nek Lor, | Now 4. (B42 128 colour prevails, as well as on the upper side of the tarsus. The small adpressed hairs on the sides of the face are partly black and partly yellowish white ; on the chest the hairs are for the most part whitish, and on the inner side of the limbs rusty yellow; on the belly the hairs are most of them yellowish white, annulated with black. The tail is very long and bushy: measuring to the end of the hair, it exceeds the head and body in length; excepting quite at the base, where the tail is coloured like the body, all the hairs are black, broadly annulated with white, and the white on the upper surface forms bars or rings; these however become indistinct towards the apex. The ears are of moderate size and rounded. The heel is rather sparingly clothed with hair. The skull of this animal is remarkable for its oblong-ovate form, and for having the ant-orbital foramen further back than usual ; it opens indeed directly into the anterior root of the zygomatic arch, and is not in the form of a longish canal, such as we observe in other Squirrels. The nasal portion of the skull is short and broad, and the nasal bones correspond; the elongated form of the cranium is due to the greatly produced hinder portion: the antero-posterior extent of the extremely oblique bony plate forming the anterior root of the zygomatic arch is great: the post-orbital process is well-developed : the palate terminates very nearly in a line with the hinder part of the posterior molars. The incisive foramina are moderate. The au- ditory bulle are rather small. The incisors are strong and very deep from front to back. The molars are small in proportion to the skull. The dimensions of the skull are, P in. lin, Potallength |. visconti) Sphoowraenn aioe poliasid W20kD Greatest widtlehis? sx sistktoe tins Brueseh rpg aire ae 1 64 Width. between ‘onbitse .i.i,! Fi ey Oe. 0 103 Length from post-orbital process to occiput.......... 1 4 rd) AY ans en Oe eT SESE ene eS 12 from front of the incisors to the first molar.... 0 11 Longitudinal extent of the four molars.............. 0 6 Leneth of nasal bones 76 fxs whayt sty are mee bere tis read rs 0 83 lest __ Scrurus Ruro-Bracuiatus. Sc. pilis mediocriter longis, subrigidis, nigro et flavescenti-penicillatis ; corpore subtis sordide flavo vel Pes: rufescenti-flavo ; artubus infra rufis ; caudd longa, non valde floc- Brn La NP cosd, annulis nigris et albis, vel flavescenti-albis, ornatd, ad basin Aiea \ Wow yun plerumque rufescente ; auribus parvulis ; dentibus incisoribus lon- gitudinaliter subsulcatis. a 2 N ; unc. lin. Ths 2 Longitudo ab apice rostri ad caude basin.... 8 6 fan tous: Te SSS tee die cde, a aaa 10 6 . a tarsi digitorumque.......+2..+-+ eo ae QUITS iis ows lark ete is eemenr eee 0 44 Hab. in Insula Fernando Po. a! This species approaches very nearly to the Sciwrus annulatus of ES authors, but is distinguishable by its richer colouring. ‘The general OFS. (943 [Usd _ 129 tint of S. annulatus might be described as yellowish grey, whilst that of the present animal is rusty grey; and especially by the bright rust-like tint of the under side of the limbs, and the pale rust or rusty white colour of the belly. The heel is clothed with hair. The dimensions above given being from a skin, can only be re- garded as an approximation; judging from the skull, the present species must be much larger than the Sc. annulatus. Its form is nearly the same, but the nasal portion is narrower and more elon- gated, and the post-orbital processes are considerably larger in pro- portion. The dimensions of the skull are as follows :— Motilslengtly. . 149s] JEG AAG Ee PRB IEE. OFA LD: 2 14 Greatest width........ AGS PRIDE PVA EIR 1 24 Width. betweenvorbitsrs 11.05. 8. 39... PL ed 0 82 Length from the front of the incisors to the first molar O 7+ Tanptiviofipalate jvip. cer ten Jue f. . AY 0 104 Longitudinal extent of the four molars ........0... 0 5 Eength ‘of masal bones) 23! 28200 600199, WO WI GO BE Sciurus ERyTHROGENYS. Sc. supra rufescenti-fuscus, pilis nigro et rufescenti-penicillatis ; genis rufis; guld, corpore subtis, et artubus interne albis ; caudad quam corpus breviore, nigrd, albo- penicillatd, pilis ad basin rufescentibus ; auribus parvulis. une. lin. 7 Longitudo ab apice rostriad caude basin.... 8 6 COUT SS ale tats cvaceis tata oka ix Sanaa: ? Mus. Cuming. The Turbo squamiger may be immediately recognised, as being entirely covered with large vaulted scales, arranged in regular parallel transverse rows. Turso VARIABILIS. Turb. testa ovatd, levi, luteo- aut rubido-brun- nescente variabilé variegatd ; umbilico tecto. Var. a. Testd luteo-rubelld, fusco alboque varie nebulosd et teniatd. Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 219. f. 2. Alt. 2; diam. 22 poll. Hab. ad insulam Capul, Philippinarum. Var. (3. Testa rosaceo-rubrd, lineis tenuibus flecuosis albis, diagona- liter pictd. Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. p].:219. f. 1. Alt. 13; diam. 1{ poll. Hab. ad insulam Capul, Philippinarum. The general painting of these shells, which were found by Mr. Cuming at the above locality in deep water, varies considerably, some being richly clouded with brown and a warm yellow, whilst others are crossed with a number of fine white diagonal lines upon a deep crimson ground. They approach nearest to the Turbo pethola- tus, differing, however, in a very remarkable degree in the charac- ter of the painting above noted. The riband-like bands, which form a never-failing peculiarity in that species, are wanting, and so also is the green or yellow tinge of colour which runs round the colu- mellar side of the mouth. Descriptions, by Dr. L. Pfeiffer, of some new species of Helicide, collected by Mr. Bridges in the northern parts of Chile, were then read :— Buiimus Brivcxesi. Bul. T. subperforatd, oblongo-ovatd, apice obtusd, tenui, pallideé luteo-fulvescente, confertissime et leviter de- cussatd ; suturd mediocri, marginatd ; anfractibus 4 convewiusculis, ultimo spiram superante ; aperturd ovali, intis nitide fulvidd ; peri- stomate simplice, late reflexo, intis albo, marginibus callo junctis, columellari perforationem fere occultante. Long. 114; diam. 54 lin. From the town of Frierina (Huasco, Chile). Found under stones. Buuimus pacnycuitus. Bul. T. subperforatd, ovatd, apice obtusd, crassd, albd, longitudinaliter striatd, lineis confertissimis trans- versis sub lente decussatd ; anfractibus 44 conveviusculis, ultimo 2 187. longitudinis subequante ; aperturd integrd, ovali, intis albd ; peri- stomate late incrassato, pallidé fulvescente, nitido, marginibus callo crasso junctis. Long: 194; diam. 11 lin. From La Questa de Arenas (Huasco, Chile). Found buried in sand. Buuimus nnopacme. Bul. T. perforata, ovato-oblongd, longitudina- liter striatd, striis transversis obsoletis minutissim2 decussato- subgranulatd, albd maculis et flammis pellucidis rubellis ornatd, apice obtuso roseo; anfractibus 6 convevis, ultimo 4 longitudinis subequante ; aperturd oblongo-ovali; peristomate simplice, recto margine columellari reflexo. Long. 73; diam. 23 lin. From the town of Frierina (Huasco, Chile). Found under small Cacti. Buuimvs TeEREBRALIS. Bul. T. rimato-subperforatd, subulatd, lon- gitudinaliter rugulosd, albidd, superné fusco-cerulescente ; anfrac- tibus 104 planis, ultimo + longitudinis vie superante, basi subcart- nato ; columelld obsolete plicatd ; aperturd ovali intis albd ; peri- stomaie simplice, margine dextro dilatato, columellari reflexiusculo, superne carine affixo. Long. 103; diam. 23 lin. From Coquimbo (Chile). Found on rocks and plants near the sea. Succrnea ELEGANS. Suc. T. ovato-oblongd, tenui pellucidd, levius- culd, rubello-corned, strigis longitudinalibus, opacis, albis, rufo- marginatis ornatd; anfractibus 5% planiusculis, ultimo spiram acutam vix superante ; aperturd ovali-oblongd, intis nitidd, conco- lore ; peristomate simplice, margine columellari vix calloso. Long. 18; diam. 8% lin. From the Questa de Arenas (Huasco, Chile). Found on a species of Juncus. SUCCINEA REFLEXA. Suc. T. ovato-oblongd, tenui pellucidd, ni- tidd, minutissime granulosd, corneo-sulphured, strigis irregularibus interdum ramosis, rufis ornatd ; anfractibus 5 planiusculis, ultimo spiram vie superante; aperturd ovali-oblongd, intis albidd, obso- let2 strigaid; peristomate simplice, acuto, margine columellari tenuissimo, albo reflexo. Long. 193; diam. 84 lin. From Pichidanque, near Coquimbo. Found on the leaves of Pour- retia coarctata. SuccrnEA VARIEGATA. Suc. 7’, ovato-acutd, solidiusculd, longitudi- naliter rugosd, regulariter granulatd, luted, maculis longitudinali- bus et punctis nigricanti-rufis seriatim pictd ; apice acuto ; anfrac- tibus 54 planiusculis, ultimo + longitudinis subequante ; aperturd oblongo-ovali, intis nitide albd, strigis pellucentibus ; peristomate simplice, acuto, margine columellari subcalloso. Long. 24; diam. 114 lin. Valleys in the north of Coquimbo. Found in crevices of rocks. a 188 « These three species, described under the name of Succinea, belong to that group of Helicee of which the well-known Hel. gallinasultana, Chemn., is the type. The shell having no columella is perfectly analogous to that of the genuine Succinee, and we are informed by Mr. D’Orbigny’s observations, that the animal of H. gallinasultana is also very similar to Succinea in its form and habits. Accordingly this species must be related to Succinea, and I believe that the spe- cies above described should not be separated from it, although we do possess but imperfect notions of their habits. Of one species it is noticed that it was found on a species of Juncus, probably in the vicinity of water. ‘« By the same reason (the analogy of shells) I have enumerated the Bulimus Broderipii and Coquimbensis among the Succinee (in my ‘Symbol ad Historiam Heliceorum’).” The exhibition was resumed of hitherto undescribed shells con- tained in the collection formed by Mr. Cuming in the Philippine Islands, and the following descriptions of them, by Dr. J. H. Jonas, were communicated to the Meeting. Hewrx Zeus. Hel. testd perforatd, orbiculatd, subdepresso-convexd, rugis obliquis striisque spiralibus elevatis sculptd ; anfractibus 44 conveais ; ultimo medio angulato, supra carinam depresso, infraque inflato ; colore brunneo, lineis flavis ziczacformibus obliquis superne pictd, inferne rubra, fascid latd fuscd infra carinam ornatd ; aper- turd subtrapeziformi, fauce albd, peritremate acuto, recto, supra umbilicum reflexo. Hab. ad insulam Mindoro, Philippinarum. Altitudo, 1 poll ; latit. 23 poll. This species bears a great resemblance to Hel. Otahaitana. ‘The rugulosities on the upper part are more elevated, as on the under side, where the regular concentric lines are more distinctly visible. Buxiimus catopartus. Bul. testd umbilicatd, ovato-pyramidali, tenui, subdiaphand, nitidd, rubra vel pallidd, fasciis flavis undu- losis longitudinaliter pictd, striis incrementi subtilissimis spirali- busque oculo nudo vix conspicuis decussatd ; anfractibus 54 convezis, suturis appressis, ultimo dimidiam teste partem fere equante ; apertura ovali, intis albd, marginibus reflexis, albis, sinistro umbi- licum partim occultante. Longit. 14 poll. ; latitudo, 2 poll. Hab. ad insulam Mindoro, Philippinarum. In form this beautiful shell resembles Bul. Myersii, Miiller. Var. a. Ground-colour brownish red and shining ; the longitudinal zigzageed stripes are of a golden yellow colour, and on the last vo- lution they are interrupted by a brown transverse line. Var. 6. Ground-colour pale yellow; the longitudinal stripes as in Var. a. No transverse line on the last volution. BuLimus BALANOIDES. Bul. testd imperforatd, ovatd, albd, epider- mide flavd, vittis spadiceo-rufis cinctd ; anfractibus senis convexius- o 189 culis, ultimo ceteros viv equante, basi viridi ; aperturd ovatd, intis albd, peritremate incrassato, reflexo, albo, fusco-marginato ; colu- melld recid. Longit. 14 poll.; latit. Z poll. Hab, ad insulam Mindoro, Philippinarum. This shell bears great resemblance to the Bul. ovatus. The body- whorl has three brownish bands, and the others have two, one in the middle and the second on the suture; this last band is interrupted by the epidermis, so that it seems as if this band was sprinkled with red and yellow spots. The base of the last whorl is of a green colour where the columella is reflected. Buiimus apLomorpnus. Bul. testd imperforatd, ovato-conoided, tenuissime striatd, nitidd albd, epidermide luted ; anfractibus senis convexis, ultimo spird paululiim breviore, fasciis tribus rufo-fuscis circumdato ; und angustd ad suturam, alterd latiore in medio, tertid circa columellam ; aperturd ovatd, albd, peritremate reflexo albo, columella rectd. Longit. 13 poll. ; latit. 7 poll. Hab. ad insulam Mindoro, Philippinarum. This shell is like Bul. guimaracensis, but more slender, and the proportions of the volutions differ. Buuimus simpxiex. Bul. testd imperforatd, ovato-conoided, tenui, diaphand, candidd, epidermide tenuissimd, viridi, superne evane- scente ; anfractibus quinis convewis, subtiliter striatis, lineisque spiralibus oculo armato solummodd conspicuis circumdatis, suturis haud marginatis ; ultimo anfractu dimidiam teste partem fer equante, obtuse angulato ; aperturd ovatd, peritremate acuto, sub- reflexo, intis limbato ; columella filiformi rectd. Longit. 1 poll. ; latit. 2 poll. Hab. ad insulam Mindoro, Philippinarum. Though this Bulimus on the first sight bears great resemblance to the Bul. bullula, it is still very distinct. Mr. Fraser then characterized two new species of Birds from West- ern Africa. :— Srrix Pornsis. Strix rostro cerulescenti-corneo ; facie albd, disco plumarum confertissimarum, texturd holosericd, circumdatd,—illis anticé positis albis, posticis flavis, ad basem pallentibus,—illis au- tem genarum apicibus nigris ; corpore superne, e cervino flavo, albo et purpureo crebre adsperso, plumarum omnium scapis bis terve albo guttatis cum spatio nigro inter singulas guttas ; colli lateribus flavis, et, ut apud dorsum, guttatis ; primariis et secondariis fere obsolete Sasciatis, et sordide purpureo alboque, sparse guttatis ; caudd vie furcatd, rubescenti-flavd, fusco-fasciatd, et sparse albo guttatd ; corpore subtis femoribusque flavescenti-albis guttis trian- gularibus nigrescentibus, sparse notatis tarsis lanugine brevi, albd, FSere ad digitos sparse tectis,—his nigris, we albis obsitis. Hab. Fernando Po. 190 The specimen from which the above description was taken was procured at Clarence, Fernando Po, and was the only one that had been seen by the oldest colonist at that place. Pirra Punin. Pitta notd nigrd a mandibule superioris basi, super verticem usque ad collum eductd, et utrinque notd latd cervind marginatd ; plumis auricularibus et colli lateribus nigris ; dorso, tectricibusque alarum majoribus metallic viridibus ; tectricibus alarum minoribus, tectricibusque caude singulis, ad apices pallide ceruleis, instar cyani ; primariis, secondariis, rectricibusque caude nigris ; primariis tertid, quartd, quintd et sextd per medium albo fasciatis ; guld fere albd corpore subtis fuscescente-aurantiaco, rubido apud abdomen imum leviter tincto; rosiro, tarsis, digitis, unguibusque apparenter rubris. Hab. apud pagum, Port Lokkoh dictum, Sierra Leone. Mr. Fraser observed that considerable interest was attached to this bird, for which he was indebted to Robert Clarke, Esq., Senior As- sistant Colonial Surgeon at Sierra Leone—not only on account of its being a new species of a somewhat restricted group, but on account of its habitat, all the hitherto recorded species of Pitta being from continental India, the Indian islands, and Australia. Mr. Thomson, who originally procured the bird, observes in a note, that the Pulih, or Mocking Bird, is only found in the Timneh country ; that its note is exceedingly sweet, and when a Timneh would pay an orator or poet the greatest compliment, they say, ‘‘ He is a perfect Pulih.”’ It is most closely allied to Pitta brachyura, Auct. ; but differs from that bird in having the bill and feet red, a band over the eye, which is tawny, instead of olive brown; in the uniform colouring of the primaries, secondaries and tail feathers, the two former not being tipped with white, nor the latter with green; and finally, in the ab- sence of the red vent. The following ‘‘ Additional Measurements of the Blood-Corpuscles or Red Particles of Mammalia and Birds,” by George Gulliver, Esq., F.R.S., were read :— «Many observations are yet required to complete our knowledge of the comparative anatomy of the blood-corpuscles. The present contribution contains an account of some observations which I have made since the publication, in the English version of Gerber’s Ana- tomy, of my Tables of Measurements of the Blood-corpuscles of Mammalia and Birds. «In the present, as in the former tables, the measurements are all expressed in vulgar fractions of an English inch, and as the nume- -rator is invariably 1, it is omitted throughout, the denominators only being printed. In each instance the measurements of the common- sized discs are first set down; a space is then left; the small and large-sized discs are next noted ; and lastly the average, deduced from the preceding numbers, is placed beneath the line. The long dia- meter of the oval blood-discs is denoted by L.D. and the short diameter by $.D. Except when noted to the contrary, the blood 191 was obtained from living and adult animals. ‘The measurements of the nuclei were taken after their exposure, by the aid of dilute acetic acid on the corpuscles, which it is necessary to state, since I have elsewhere* shown that the form and dimensions of the’ nucleus are materially affected by different treatment. MAMMALIA. Ferz. Blood from the heart and from Indian Badger (Arctonyz collaris, the navel-string immediately after F. Cuv.). death. The average size of the 4000 corpuscles is about twice that of 3555 the corpuscles of the mother. The 3200 corpuscles of the foetus contained distinct nuclei, much resembling sa lymph globules. The size only of 2666 the nucleated corpuscles is above 609 given ; there were several much smaller which presented no nuclei. Blood from the vena cava after | See fig. cxlviii. B, in Dr. Willis’s death. Translation of Wagner’s Physio- Malay Sun Bear (Helarctos Ma- | logy, page 240. layanus, Horsf.). Stoat (Mustela Erminea, Linn.) 3555 4000 3368 6000 5000 3200 2900 pd ——o 4155 3562 Blood from the heart soon after Blood from a prick of the lip. | death. Red Puma (Felis unicolor ? Traill). RUMINANTIA. : ‘ Camel (Camelus Bactrianus). 4572 L.D. S.D. 5333 3555 6000 3800 3000 vi son Blood from a prick of the skin Foetal Kitten, half an inch long Thickness of the discs. (Felis domestica, Briss.). 15210 2666 Pale globules. 2000 3200 3000 4000 1714 3000 2233 3348 * See Contributions to Minute Anatomy, Lond. and Edinb. Phil. Mag. for August 1842; and Remarks on the Shape of the Blood-Corpuscles of Oviparous Vertebrata, Proceedings of the Zool. Soc. August 9, 1842. 192 Blood from a prick of the upper | lip. The measurements of the cor- puscles of the other Camelide are given in the Appendix to Gerber’s Anatomy. Red Deer (Cervus Elaphus, Linn.). 4360 4615 6000 3200 4324 Fetus of Fallow Deer (Cervus Dama, Linn.). 4000 3426 3200 6000 2400 3478 Blood from the heart, Jan. 2, 1842, a few hours after death. The foetus measured 43 inches from the forehead to the buttocks. The corpuscles exhibited no di- stinct nuclei when treated with water or vegetable acids. The average size of the corpuscles from the uterine veins of the mother was 543th of an inch. In an- other foetus examined Jan. 12, and measuring six inches, the corpus- cles did not differ appreciably from those of the first foetus. Ibex (Capra Caucasica). Corpuscles slightly smaller than those of the Goat. The measure- ments are detailed in the Proceed- ings of the Zool. Soc., August 9, 1842. Indian Buffalo (Bos frontalis, Lam- bert). 4570 © 6000 3200 4299 Blood from a vein of the ear. RopEnNTIA. Jerboa (Dipus Aigyptius, Hemp. and Ehren.). 4570 5333 3200 - 4172 Blood from a vein of the ear. Common Porcupine (Hystriz cris- tata, Linn.). 3200 3555 4572 2666 3369 Blood from a prick of the skin of the nose. Common Hare (Lepus timidus, Linn.). 4000 $368 3200 5000 2900 8560 Blood from the heart two hours after death. MaArsuPIATA. Mauge’s Dasyure (Dasyurus Maugei, Geoff.). 4365 4000 5000 3200 4034 Blood from a vein of the ear. The corpuscles scarcely differ in 193 size from those of the Viverrine Dasyure, and agree in form with the corpuscles of the other mar- supial animals, originally de- scribed by me in the Dublin Medical Press, Nov. 27, 1840; Annals of Natural History, Dec. 1, 1840; Lond. and Edinb. Phil. Mag. of the same date. AVES. RaPpaces. Angola Vulture ( Vultur Angolen- sis, Lath.). L.D. 8.D. 1777 3200 1600 3000 21338 3800 1391 2666 1684 3166 OmNnIvoREs. Common Jay (Garrulus glanda- rius, Flem.). Eb), S.D. 2266 4000 2000 3555 2400 5333 1714 3200 ‘2064 3878 Nuclei. 4000 10666 Blood from the heart quickly after death. Rook (Corvus frugilegus, Linn.). L.D. S.D 1895 3200 Walaa 2286 3555 1714 2900 1894 3196 Nuclei. 5333 10666 4000 8000 4572 9140 Blood from the heart a few hours after death. Magpie (Corvus Pica, Linn.). L.D. S.D. 2000 3555 1895 3200 2286 4000 1714 2900 1953 3365 Thickness of the discs. 11600 Nuclei, 4570 10666 4000 5333 14000 3500 9600 4245 11138 Blood from the heart an hour after death. Red Winged Starling (Sturnus predatorius, Wilson). L.D. S.D. 2133 4572 2666 5333 1777 3200 2133 4175 Blood from the heart seven hours after death. INSECTIVORA. Pied Wagtail (Motacilla alba, Linn.). L.D. 2286 2666 1777 2182 194 Nuclei. 4000 10666 Blood from the heart soon after death. Sedge Warbler (Sylvia Phrag- mites, Bechs.). L.D. S.D. 2600 3555 1895 2666 4570 1684 2900 2003 3550 Blood from the heart nine hours after death. The corpuscles are notably larger than those of most of its congeners. GRANIVORZ. Indigo Bird (Fringilla cyanea, Wil- son). L.D. 8.D. 2286 3555 2000 2900 5333 1714 3000 2144 3741 Blood from a vein of the pinion. Greenfinch (Fringilla Chloris, Temm.). L.D. fl 9}: 2286 3555 2460 4570 2000 3000 2232 3600 Nuclei. 4000 10666 _ Blood from the heart a few minutes after death. Blue Titmouse (Parus ceruleus, Linn.). D. 8.D. 2400 4570 2286 4000 2666 5333 2000 3200 2313 4128 Nuclei. 5333 12000 4000 9600 4571 10666 Blood from the heart quickly after death. Longtailed Titmouse (Parus cau- datus, Linn.). 8.D. 4570 Nuclei. 4800 10666 Blood from the heart twenty- one hours after death. There were several circular discs, about sooth of an inch in diameter. Many of these had an oval nu- cleus, and the circular shape of the discs was perhaps a post-mortem change. Skylark (Alauda arvensis, Linn.). L.D. S.D. 2286 4570 2000 4000 2400 5333 1895 3200 2125 4128 Nuclei. 4000 12000 Blood from the heart twelve hours after death. Pine Grosbeak (Lozia enucleator, Linn.). 195 2900 5333 1777 3200 2247 4083 Blood from a vein of the pinion. Hawfinch (Lovia coccothraustes, Temm.). L.D. 8.D. 2000 4000 2460 4800 1777 3000 2042 3790 Thickness of the discs. ay 9147 Nuclei. 4570 10666 Blood from a vein of the pinion. ZYGODACTYLI. Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus, Linn.). L.D. S.D. 2000 3555 2400 4570 ibe 3000 2028 3600 Blood from the heart twenty- six hours after death. There were many circular discs, perhaps from the blood being rather stale. These were about z,55th of an inch in diameter. CHELIDONES. Common Swift (Cypselus Apus, Flem.). Nuclei. 4000 10666 Blood from the heart a few minutes after death. CoLuMBz. Partridge Pigeon (Columba mon- tana, Lath.). L.D. $.D. 2286 3555 2666 4572 1895 3200 2239 3692 Nuclei. 5333 12000 Pale globules. 3200 Blood from a vein of the pinion. GALLINZ. Lineated Pheasant (Phastanus li- neatus, Jard.). L.D. S.D: 1777 3200 2000 2133 4000 1600 3000 1855 3348 Nuclei. 4570 9166 Blood from a vein of the pinion. Mountain Partridge (Tetrao Cau- casica, Pall.). L.D. S.D. 1895 3555 ihr (zh 3200 2666 4570 1600 -2900 1923 3456 Nuclei. 4570 9166 Blood from a vein of the pinion. CuRsoREs. Ostrich (Struthio Camelus, Linn.). Corpuscles slightly larger than those of the Rhea. ‘The measure- ments are detailed in the Proc. | Zool. Society, October 11, 1842. 196 GRALLATORES. 2400 4000 Common Snipe (Scolopax Galli- 1714 2900 nago, Linn.). —— == LD. S.D. 1937 3424 2986 4000 Blood from the jugular vein 2133 3200 about ten hours after death. 2666 +800 Common Gull (Larus canus, 1777 3000 Linn.). 2170 3622 L.D. S.D. i 2000 3555 Blood from the heart twenty-| - gos four hours after death. 2400 5333 PALMIPEDES. 1714 3200 Mandarin Duck (Anas galerieu- —. —_— lata, Gmel.). 1973 3839 L.D. S.D. Nuclei. 2000 3555 3555 10666 1777 Blood from a vein of the pinion. A very valuable collection of specimens from South Africa, pre- sented by the President of the Society, the Earl of Derby, was laid It consisted of seventy-one Bird-skins and nineteen Quadrupeds, among which were skins of an adult Hippopo- tamus and two-horned Rhinoceros, together with the following rare Antelopes :—Catoblepas Gorgon, male and female; Catoblepas Gnu ; Antilope ellipsiprymnus, Ogilby ; Ant. melampus ; Ant. lunata; Ant. Caama, adult and young; Ant. equina, male and female; Ant. orea- before the Meeting. tragus ; and Ant. pediotragus. 197 December 27, 1842. Richard Owen, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair. Various specimens preserved in spirit, presented by H. Pointer, Esq., were exhibited. Numerous specimens, preserved in spirit, presented by E. D. Dick- son, Esq. and H. J. Ross, Esq., were also exhibited. They were collected by these gentlemen, Corresponding Members of the Society, at Trebezond, Erzeroom, and Samsoon. Descriptions by Mr. Lovell Reeve of new species of. shells figured in the ‘Conchologia Systematica,’ were read. Genus DentaLium. DenTALIUM LonciITRoRSUM. Dent. testd carneold, tenui, glaberrimd, subpellucidd, longissimd, arcuatd, margine acuto. Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 130. f. 6. Long. 43; diam. ;%; poll. Hab. ? Mus. Cuming. This beautiful pink horny-looking shell far exceeds any hitherto described species in length. - VERMETUS. VERMETUS EBURNEUS. Verm. testd eburned, subobesd, laxé volutd, longitudinaliter costatd, costis distantibus, subobsoletis. Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 152. f. 2. Long. 3,1,; diam. 5% poll. Hab. Mus. Cuming. PARTULA. ParTuLa inruata. Part. testd obeso-conicd, transversim tenuissime striatd, albidd, epidermide luteo-fuscd indutd ; anfractu ultimo an- gulato-inflato, umbilicato ; aperturd subquadratd, labro planissime expanso. Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 175. f. 11 & 12. Long. §; diam. 3 poll. Hab. ? Chiefly remarkable on account of the ventricose inflation of the last whorl. TRUNCATELLA. TRUNCATELLA SCALARIFORMIS. Trunc. testd elongato-cylindraced, luteold, anfractibus rotundatis, costellis minutis ubique cingulatis ; aperturd rotundd, labro simplici, acuto. Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii, pl. 182. f. 6. 195 Long. +; diam. 5; poll. Hab. ad insulam Annaa, in Oceano Pacifico. A number of these little shells were found by Mr. Cuming at the roots of palms on the sea-shore. PYRAMIDELLA. PYRAMIDELLA CINCTA. Pyram. testd conico-acuminatd, albd, an- Fractibus levibus, zond olivaceo-fuscd, conspicud, in medio cinctis ; aperturd oblongo-ovatd, labro simplici, acuto. Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 207. f. 2 & 4. Long. ?; diam. 5% poll. Hab. Mus. Cuming. A white, sharply acuminated shell, surrounded with a single, clear, broad, olive-brown belt. PyraMIDELLA GLans. Pyram. testd cylindraceo-conicd, bicoloratd ; anfractibus longitudinaliter striatis, inferné albis, supern? olivaceo- viridibus ; aperturd rotundato-ovali. Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 207. f. 1. Long. ;°;; diam. 3 poll. Hab. ? This is a small dumpy-looking shell, of which the whorls are just one half white and the other half dark olive-green. TURBINELLUS. TURBINELLUS IMPERIALIS. Turb. ovato-turbinatd, subtrigond, epi- dermide crassd, fibrosd, indutd ; transversim liratd, liris angustis, subdistantibus, lird minutd interveniente ; anfractibus supern® an- gulatis, tuberculis flecuosis squameformibus coronatis ; anfractu ultimo prope basin aliis subsimplicioribus cingulato ; columella rubido-fuscd, politd, irregulariter plicatd ; labro undulato, leviter expanso. Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 229. f. 4. Long. 33; diam. 21 poll. Hab. ? Mus. Cuming. The noble diadem of flexuous scale-like tubercles with which this shell is crowned, renders it eminently distinct from its congener the T. cornigerus, in which they are of a solid stunted growth. The enamelling of the columella is also remarkable, being always of a very peculiar chocolate-brown colour. TURBINELLUS VEXILLULUM. Turb. testd trigono-turbinatd, albd, lineis ceruleis, et interdum roseis, vivide cingulatd, anfractibus subtrigonis, in medio valdé tuberculatis ; columellé triplicatd, pli- cis parvis ; canali brevissimo nigerrimo-tincto. Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 229. f. 1. Long. 13; diam. 1 poll. Hab. ——? " This beautiful shell, which approximates to the T. aplusire, is vividly lined across with very deep blue, and between every two blue lines is a pink one, presenting an almost artificial contrast of colour. 199 PLEUROTOMA. PieuroToma speciosa. Pleur. testd acute turritd, transversim subtilissimé funiculatd ; ceruleo-albd, funiculis pallide ochraceis ; anfractibus in medio eximié gemmatis, inferné convexis, supern® leviter concavis ; canali gracili, vix elongato. Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 233. f.5; Conch. Icon. Pleuroto- ma, pl. 2. f. 9. Long. 24 poll. Hab. ? This very chaste shell approaches somewhat in form to the Pleu- rotoma carinata, Gray, Griff. Cuv. An. King. (Pl. Kieneri, Doumet) ; it is of a pale bluish ground, delicately corded and beaded with bright ochraceous yellow. I only know of two specimens, one in the collection of the Rev. Mr. Stainforth, the other in that of the British Museum, purchased at the recent sale of Mr. Inwood'’s shells. Prevrotoma Brcsiu. Pleur. testd oblongd, cylindraceo-attenuatd, apice acuto ; sexangulatd, anfractibus ad angulos longitudinaliter tuberculatis ; olivaceo-fuscd, tuberculis tantum albis ; columelld et aperture fauce fuscd ; canali brevissimo. Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 234. f. 11; Conch. Icon. Pleuro- toma, pl. 2. f. 10. Long. 7 poll. Hab. ad insulam Lucon, Philippinarum. I dedicate this shell with much pleasure to my friend Dr. Beck, cu- rator of that noble patron of conchological science, the King of Den- mark. It was found by Mr. Cuming in the locality above cited under stones at low water. The snowy-white tubercles which orna- ment this brown six-angled shell at the several angles are very cha- racteristic. CoLuMBELLA. CotumBeLta Puiniprinarum. Col. testd conico-turbinatd, acumi- natd, albd, fusco profuse et minutissimé undulatd ; anfractibus su- perne subangulatis, ultimo basin versus striato, striis profundis ; aperturd oblongd, angustd ; labro subincrassato, fauce striatd. Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 257. f. 9. Long. 12; diam. 5% poll. Hab. ? Mr. Cuming has selected two varieties of this shell, but they are not of sufficient importance to require especial notice. Buccinum. Buccinum evLEGans. Bucc. testd ovato-conicd, acuminatd, ubique subtilissimé nodulosd et liratd, interdum longitudinaliter leviter costatd ; luteo-albd, columelld, labro, et canali vivid? aurantiis ; aperturd subquadrato-ovali, fauce valde? striatd ; columella paulu- lim excavatd, labro serrato. = Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 268. f. 3. Long. 14; diam. 3 poll. Hab. California. This very beautiful and distinct species may be easily recognised 200 by its bright orange mouth. The entire surface of the shell is very finely nodulated. Buccinum pyrostoma. Bucc. testd ovato-conicd, lacted, ubique can- cellatd, anfractibus convezis, ultimo paululiim umbilicato ; aperturd ovatd, fauce striatd, vivide rubra. z Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. it. pl. 268. f. 1. Long. 2; diam. 3 poll. Hab. ? A small species belonging to the genus Phos of De Montford, re- markable from having a deep cornelian red mouth, whilst every other part of the shell is milk- white. Exsurna. Exsurna Japonica. Hburn, testd ovato-conicd, apice vix acuto, levi ; anfractibus convexis, maculis fulvis, grandibus, regularibus, bise- riaiim cinctis, interstitiis maculis parvis regularibus, diagonaliter dispositis, ornatis ; umbilico parvo, profundo. Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 271. f. 1. Long. 23; diam. 1 poll. Hab. ad oras Japonie ; Siebald. This shell is distinguished by the great regularity of the spots; the upper and middle portions of the whorls are encircled with a band of large rhomboidal spots, whilst the spaces below and between them are filled with small triangular-like spots, arranged across in regular diagonal rows. TEREBRA. TrREBRA PRETIOSA. Ter. testd longissimo-subulatd, luteold, Susco partim tessellata ; anfractibus tricenis, superné levibus, uniseriatim serratis, infra arcuato-striatis, striis numerosis, profundis ; canali subfleruoso. Reeve, Conch. Syst., vol. ii. pl. 274. f. 2. Long. 5,9; diam. $ poll. Hab. ? This extraordinary shell, consisting of thirty whorls, exceeds five inches and a half in length, whilst it barely exceeds half an inch in breadth at the broadest part. It is F believe unique, in the col- lection of the Rev. Mr. Stainforth. Mr. Fraser exhibited a specimen of the Galago Senegalensis, pro- cured at Cape Coast, Western Africa, and a new species of Shrew from Fernando Po, which he characterized as follows :— Sorex (Crocrpura) Pornsis. Sor. obscure fuscus, corpore subtis cinereo, pedibus nigrescentibus ; auribus parwulis, distinctis ; caudd corpore breviori pilis obscuris adpressis, et setis longioribus ad- spersis. une. lin, Lgngitudo ab apice rostri ad caude basin.... 3 3 CRUDE 62.3 RAR OR 1 10 tarsi digitorumque........... sencnrOs16 ab apice rostri ad basin auris .... 0 10 Hab. Clarence, Fernando Po. 201 This species somewhat resembles the Sorex varius of Smuts, but is of a deeper hue. The upper parts of the body are of a deep brown colour, rather indistinctly variegated with greyish ; the body beneath is grey, but slightly washed, as it were, with dirty yellow. ‘The ears are distinct, that is, not hidden by the fur, as in S. tetragonurus and its allies, and the tail has long bristly hairs interspersed with the short adpressed fur, as in the subgenus Crocidura, Wagler. The specimen was taken in a trap baited with flesh, on the elevated land of Point William. Mr. Fraser observed that the specimen exhibited of Galago Sene- galensis was shot at Cape Coast, Western Africa, in a tamarind tree, near the top of which he found its nest: this was composed of loose leaves arranged in the fork of a branch. ‘The eyes were large and prominent, and the movements of the animal were slow, and conse- quently very unlike the true Lemurs. Specimens of the Galago Alleni and G. Maholi were placed on the table for comparison. A paper was then read, from M. Petit de la Saussaye, containing descriptions of new species of Shells, belonging to the genus Auri- cula, collected by H. Cuming, Esq. AURICULA TORNATELLIFORMIS. Aur. testé oblongo-acutd, sub epi- dermide flavescente albidd, transversim tenuissime striatd, et rugis longitudinalibus levissimis obsolete granulosd ; spird conico-acutd, lucidd ; anfractibus octonis subconvevis, ultimo magno supra me- dium ventricoso ; columeild inferne biplicatd ; labro superné arcua- tim emarginato. Long. 24 millim.; larg. 103 millim. Hab. Tanhay, isle of Negros, Philippines. Found at the roots of mangrove-trees. AvricuLa Dotiotum. Aur. testd ovatd, transversim tenue et regu- lariter sulcatd, striis longitudinalibus et irregularibus subpunctatd, sordidé rufo-fuscd, ultimo anfractu pallidiore albido-cinerascente, anguste plis minisve fasciatd ; anfractibus 6-7 ; aperturd ovatd intis fusco-purpurascente ; columelld biplicatd, superné obsoletis- sim? dentatd ; umbilico rumali ; labro albo, intis incrassato, tri- dentato, dente mediano niajori, inferiori obsoleio. Long. 10 millim. ; larg. 5§ millim. Hab. Sinait, province of North Ilocos, island of Luzon. Found on decayed wood, salt water. Auricuta Recuusrana. Aur. testd ovato-oblongd, griseo virescente, spird conicd, apice obtusd, erosd ; anfractibus senis, planiusculis, unoquogue in superiorem imbricante, sub suturd depressiusculo ; umbilico nullo ; aperturd subovatd intits fusco-purpurascente ; colu- melld triplicatd, plicd superiori, latiori, lamelliformi, media medi- ocri, inferiori minori ; labro levigato, intis zond albd, subcalloso. Long. 16 millim.; larg. 8 millim. vix. Hab. Island of Tumaco, West Colombia. 202 AURICULA PIRIFORMIS. Aur. testd subpiriformi, levigatd, fusca, sub epidermide viridi-cinerascente ; anfractibus 7-8 ; spird brevi- conicd, rotundatd, apice acuto, nigro; aperturd oblongd, intis Susco-violaceo ; columella 5-plicatd, plicis superioribus obsoletis, mediand robustiori, lamelliformi, inferiori robustd, subascendente, postice circulari ; labro acuto, pallidé emarginato, intis 2-6 tenui- ter striato. Long. 20 millim. ; larg. 9 millim. Hab. Tumaco island, West Colombia. The number of striz or folds on this shell varies, but most fre- quently there are five. Auricuta Crytonica. Aur. testd ovatd, superne obtuse angulatd, glabrd fusco-viridescente, fasciis albis vel cinereis angustis cinctd, anfractibus 8-9, planulatis ; spird conico-depressiusculd, apice ni- grescente ; columella triplicatd, plicd superiori albd, crassiusculd, lamelliformi, subtis parvuld, inferiori circulari ; labro acuto, longe et profunde intis sulcato, ad marginem fusco, levi. Long. 15 millim.; larg. 10 millim. Mr. Cuming possesses specimens which are of large size. Hab. Ceylon. Very fine striz are sometimes perceptible upon half of the last whorl of this shell; the base of the columella is of a livid fawn-colour. AURICULA PULCHELLA. Aur. testd parvuld, ovato-acutd, nitidd, pellucidd albicante, transversim fusco-zonatd, lineis longitudinali- bus rectis seu undulatis, equidistantibus, zonas transversas secan- tibus, eleganter pictd ; anfractibus 6-7 ; spird conico-acutd, fuscd, apice mammillari ; columelld triplicatd, plicis superioribus parvulis, approximatis, inferiori majori, subhorizontali ; labro acuto, intis tenuiter striato. Long. 6 millim. ; larg. 3 millim. Hab. St. Nicolas, isle of Zebu (Philippines). INDEX. The names of New Species and of Species newly characterized are printed in Roman Characters: those of Species previously known, but respecting which novel informa- tion is given, in J¢alics: those of Species respecting which Anatomical Observations are made, in CAPITALS. Page Acanthiza pyrrhopygia, Vig. & Horsf. 135 Accipiter Nisus ssscocscecerseersressees 92 Achatina erecta .....-0e-..eseeeeee Pree: Kransii, Reeve......sessecscceeeees 55 lactea, Reeve .....-.ccccsssesceeee 55 Picta, Reeve © ...0.-...seeeseeerees 56 TANCTA, PCEVE! voces. ccvesecceessess 55 Acridotheres cristatellus (Gm.) ... 167 dauricus (Pall.) ...00-.+0..0..-0+8 167 RMIT I(ELOTSI:) con hceeressss.cc->- 167 Malabaricus (Gm.) ....0.-50..- 167 sericeus (GM.) .eece..sseeeeeeeee 167 tristis (LinN.) «sss... seeeceeeee 168 Aix galericulata (Linn.) ............ 166 ALAUDA ARVENSIS, Linn. ......... 194 Alcedo Bengalensis .. sc Becaonseey CE rudis, 7 EL Ee ~ SASSER 92 ALLIGATOR Siete comarsees cise sata ties Amadina bicolor, Fraser ....+.....+5 145 Malacca (Linn) ..-...seeeceeseeee 167 oryzivora (Linn.) .....+...66 eeee 167 Poensis, Fraser ......sscc0.s: .. 145 punctularia (Linn.) ......seees 167 Anas clypeata, Linn. ......... peAdauce nea i! GALERICULATA, Auct. ...... 71, 196 pecilorhyncha, Gate 93 ANGUILLA VULGARIS, Linn.......... 72 ANGUIS FRAGILIS, Linn. ......... 71, 109 Anodon gibbum, Cantor ............ 124 Anomalurus, n. g., Waterh. ......... 124 Anomalurus Fraseri, Waterh......... . 124 Anser albifrons (Gin.) ..seeeseeeeeeee 167 Indicus, Steph. ...sscecrecessseee 93 AnTHROPOIDES ViRGO, Vieill. ...... 71 Anthus Chendoola, Frankl............. 92 AntrLorr BuBALts, Pall. ......... 64, 70 Ogilbiit, Waterh. ....c.rseeereree -» 129 picTA, Pall. ..... SROSSBRO ANE 97 Page Aprosmictus, n. g., Gould ...... sniesie 111 Aprosmictus erythropterus ......+4. 112 SCAPULALUS seseececeesecens cree 112 APTERYX AUSTRALIS, Shaw ......... 22 Aquila chrysaétos, Vig. ....sssee.seeee 93 Vindhiana, Frankl....... sscsvtsenss OS Arborophila sphenura (Gray) ...... 166 Arca galactodes, Cantor............... 124 ARCTONYX COLLARIS, F. Cuy. ...97, 191 ARDEA CINEREA, Lath. ............ 71 Argus giganteus (Temm.) ..........5. 168 Artamus leucopygialis, Gould ...... 17 ARVICOLA AMPHIBIA, Desm. ......64, 70 Asio brachyotus (Linn.) ............ 168 Astur cruentus, Gould ..........00... 113 Hyder, Sykes ....0s.sse0s. secesese 92 AvucHENIA Paco, Desm. ...... setvesy ey O4 Auricula bifasciata, Martini .......... 61 Ceylonica, Petit ........0.+2..s00e 202 Doliolum, Petit ...........s000.8. piriformis, Pefit... pulchella, Petit ... Reclusiana, Petit tornatelliformis, Peti¢....... ET! Bassaris astuta, Licht. ............ -- 10 Belidea ariel, Gould ....ssccceescceee I] Bos FRONTALIS, Lambert . Beaivesnonae : 192 Boselaphus Oreas (Pall.) .......0000 147 Botaurus stellaris, Ste. ...+06......93, 94 Buccinum pyrostoma, Reeve ......... 200 elegans, Reeve ssresesereeeseess. 199 Bucco caniceps, Frankl. ............. oa fy 92 Philippinensis, Auct. ............ 92 Bulimus aplomorphus, Jonas ...... 189 Balanoides, Jonas .....sces.eeeee 188 breviculus, Pfeiffer......s...000 88 Bridgesii, Pfeiffer .......... seen 186 Broderipii, Pfeiffer .......... serve 186 204 INDEX Page Page Bulimus calobaptus, Jonas ......... 188 | Chizzrhis personata, Riip............. 8 Coquimbensis, Pfeiffer ......... 188 | Chourtka alpina, Victor ......-..+0.000 105 Cumingii, Pfeiffer .......05... 88 | Cicinnurus regius (Linn.) .........++ 166 Cuyoensis, Pfeiffer.......0+.- +00. 152 Ciconia alba, Ray ....60..-seeceeecsees 94 effusus, Pfeiffer ...seeceseeevene « 152 MATT, RAY acces somes ovonesee Arsen juglans, Pfeiffer ........-eeeeeeee 89 | Cincloramphus cantatoris, Gould ... 135 lignarius, Pfeiffer ....s.sessereee 88 Circaétus brachydactylus, Vieill. ... 92 macrostoma, Pfeiffer .........06. 152 Circus cineraceus, AUCt......seeceecree 93 Nympha, Pfeiffer .....-.e..0000. 89 cyaneus, Auct.......+6 Neveebwass oo 93 pachychilus, Pfeiffer ......... .. 186 pallidus, SyKeS ...secseceeeves teu Oe rhodacme, Pfeiffer .....+......6 Teal oii 7UfUS, BYISS..ccccssnesscccce vue -. 92,93 Romblonensis, Pfeiffer ...... --- 152 | Clausilia aculeus.........+ eritecec’ 124 Simplex, JONAS .seceeresesseeeene 189 Pluviatilis ...cssceeee Seeisee peters 124 smaragdinus, Reeve ............ 49 Climacteris melanura, Gould......... 138 solidulus, Brug. «.-.... pee au 60 | -Clithon, Montfort ............ceceeeees 172 solidus, Pfeiffer .....+..:0eecceee 152 | Coccothraustes melanurus (Gm.) ... 167 subcarinatus, Pfeiffer ............ 153 Olivaceus, Fraser ...seceeeceeee 144 terebralis, Pfeiffer ........0...00. 187 | Collocalia Ariel, Gould ........ -. 132 tornatilis, Brug. .......+.s00 «... 61 | Collurio erythronotus, Vig. ......... 92 uber, Pfeiffer ......eeseeee. Gesselod Lahtora, Sykes ...... Ee hoctcece” variegatus, Brug. «..-.sessereee 59 | CoruBer Berus, Linn.......... i virens, Pfeiffer .ecercccoes Sawai 153 | CoLtumBa pomgstTicA, Auct.......... 71 Cacatua sanguinea, Gould ............ 138 MONTANA, Lath......0...ee0000e0. 195 Calenas cruenta (Gm.) .ss..0e00006 168 LiviA, Briss. ..........0c..e0es scat) Calostegia, n. g., Westw. ........ sere LZ MIGRATORIA, AUCt....,...-.0.-++ 111 Calostegia purpuripennis, W’estw.... 117 | Columbella Philippinarum, Reeve.... 199 Calyptorhynchus macrorhynchus, Conus Victor, Brod. .........s0.00. -. O4 Gould ....... apn WASEES ddes caw en meics 138 | Copsychus longirostris (Swains.) ... 168 Calyptreea cinerea, Reeve ........ 50 | Corbicula fuscata, Canéor............- 124 GEMETID A sco. cesgesev este seace ns 100, 101 Corvus Corax, Linn. .....e00gs.2se00. 93 Came us DroMEDARIUS, Linn. 64, 69, 98 culminatus, Sykes ... .. saeco 92 BactTrIanuvs, Linn. ............ 191 FRUGILEGUS, Linn....... 70, 98, 193 (COANE eee tasecses cenausyteeses “petosnos 66 MONEDULA, Linn. ........eeeeese CANIS ARGENTATUS, Desm, saves 69 Prea ne s-s eecaegee. 70, 93, 193 FAMILIARIS, Lim. ...... 68, 69,97 | Coryphilus Dryas, Gould ............ 165 LAGOoPUS, Linn. ...... Deskeuser eee 69 | Corrus Gosro, Linn...............+6++ 72 Lupus, Linn. .......;.. aaa sew ae 63, 69 Coturnix Cambiensis, Auct. .......00. 92 VULPES, (AlN. isan sesecenewnn: <6: 69 Chinensis (Linn.) .....0.....004 167 Capra Cavcasica, Gould....... 107, 192 communis, Bonn. .........+0. 167, 168 Hircus, var. Linn....... 70,97, 107 | Crassatella Antillarum, Reeve......... 44 Carduelis sinica (Linn.) .......0605. 168 Castanea, Reeve ......6cecceeeeeee 42 Cavia Copaya, Gmel. ............ seer contraria, Lams sveces.s0scecerene 45 Cresus cApucINuS, Geoff. ............ 68 corbuloides, Reeve .......... seeee 40 Centropus Cirkeer, Gray .........006 92 decipennis, Reeve ............... 42 Philippensis, Cuy. ....... aves 92 divaricata, D’Orbigny ......... 45 CrercopirHeEcus rarors, Geoff.... 68 @ondecinag, Liamy ....5....c0ssse set) 40 Campbelli, Waterh. .......4+... 130 gibbosa, Sowerby......+++++++ svsce, 40 GRISEO-VIRIDIS, Desm. ......... 68 | jubar, Reeve......... caeecasuenne wat 44 SABZUS, Desm. .........000+ss008 68 Kingicola, Lamarck........... reas ke CERVIDZ.....+.0.. PP - 100, 101 lapidea, Reeve .....,...++ ereseaee 43 Cervus Dama, Linn... soeeeeees . 70, 97, 192 ornata, Reeve .........+ daavecsente 46 Evapuvs, ins eS 97, 192 pulchra, Reeve....... scaeceasnseiee 43 Waritt, Mitch............. 64, 70, 97 radiata, Sowerby ......+ Baseaeeer tees Ceryle varia, Strickl. .....cs00...000.05 167 rostrata, Lam...... nanaagsent sume 44 GETACEAR i eeaseresct ons meee coower 66 subradiata, Lam..........+s.ss00e 45 CHAMPSA FISSIPES -escessesseeeeees 110 sulcata, Lam.......... seceeseeeeedd, 44 Charadrius minor, Meyer ......... oe, 94 triquetra, Reeve ......cecceseeeee . 46 Chauliodes strepera, SW.....+...+... 93, 94 undulata, Sowerby ........+++000s 44 CHEIROPTERAT ( 167 vagabunda, Vig. ...+++++4+ igen 92 phenicura (GmM.) «s+... 167, 168 Dentalium longitrorsum, Reeve...... 197 Gallus Bankiva, Temm. .......-+.0+... 167 Dicrurus bracteatus, Gould ......... 132 DOMESTICUS, Auct...........-71, 111 Dirvus £eyrprtivs, Hemp. et Ehr.. «a 192 Garrulus bispecularis, Vig......+.....- 92 Dromatvs Novx-Hoitanp!&, Vieil. 141 GLANDARIUS, Flem. ........ .70, 193 Eburna Japonica, Reeve...........+... 200 lanceolatus, Vig. ...++++..+++ ais; 92 Elanus melanopterus, Leach ......... 92 striatusy Vig. ...ccecssevccccesens 92 Elater fiabellicornis, Fab. «.....++.++ 73 | Geophaps, n. g., Gould .......... wage, 19 Gigas, Fab. ....ceceecseeeeeeeees «. 73 | Geophaps plumifera, Gould ......... 19 mucronatus, Iliger....+....-..0+ 76 | Geophili longicornes, Gervais........- 180 Emarginula conoidea, Reeve ......-.. 50 | Geophilide, Leach .........-.- asa 177 EMBERIZA CITRINELLA, Linn. ...... 99 | Geophilus, Leach......... deswpinn dower 177 cristata, Vig. .+....+++ eitenaacane’s 92 Walckeneri, Gerv. .....6 6020.00 181 Emblema, n. g., Gould ... «.. 17 | Gerygone chloronotus, Gould......... 133 Emblema picta, Gould ........+.+. ey / levigaster, GoUldinwaxerss sucsiowres 133 Enicurus maculatus, Vig. ......++++++ 92 magnirostris, Gould ......0.+... 133 Entomophila? albogularis, Gould ... 137 | Glyciphila fasciata, Gould ............ 137 ? rufogularis, Gould .......++++. 137 | Gonibregmatus, n. g., Newp.......... 180 Eauus CaBALuus, Linn. ...... aseree 69 | Gonibregmatus Cumingii, Newp. ... 181 Erinaceus Evropvs, Linn...63, 68, 96 Graucalus Papuensis, Cuy.....++...-+. 92 Erythrodryas, n. g., (i en 112 | Gymnura Raffesii, Vig. & Horsf. ... 114 Erythrodryas rhodinogaster, Gould. 112 | Hematornis jocosus (Linn.) .......+. 167 rosed, GOUIA .....+eseeeeeee esesee 112 | Halcyon atricapilla(Gm.) . ....++-.. 168 Eudynamys orientalis, Vig. & Horsf. 92 platyrostris, Gould ........+...++5 72 Euplectes rufo-velatus, Fraser ...... 142 Smyrnensis, Linn, ......-+++0+e0+ 92 Euplocomus ignitus?, Auct. «.-..++++ 131 sordidus, Gould .......01:+s+00608 72 NYCERCMETUS. 0.000 +000008 Wdslewpe'tenp 166 | Haliaétus Macei .........c0cseecereeeees 92 Faleo Chiequera, Lath. ......0+e.-.0es 92 Ponticerianus ....06..csereeererens 92 206 INDEX. Page : Page Halmaturus Binoé, Gould ............ 58 | Iguana Cycuura, Cuv...........0 71,72 Hexarcros Marayanus, Horsf.... 191 | IphthinusGuineensis, Westerm. mss. 119 Helicina acutissima, Sow. Jun. ...... 6 Hypocrita, Dej. ...secccseersseeee LID agglutinans, Sow. Jun. ......... T |) Wigon Ofer -Faewests secancatevnctees: EE 92 Guadaloupensis, Sow. Jun. 8 leucotis, Gould ......... Geienuigtel 92 Lazarus, Sow. Jun. .......00..55 We O87. Ketupa Leschenaulli, Lesson ........+ 92 Maxima, Sow. Jun. ......sesseeeee 6 | Lamprotornis spilopterus, Vig. ...... 92 minuta, Sow. Jun. ...,.0000..08. 3 7 Lanius erythronotus, Gould ......... 167 parva, Sow. Jun......scecsceeeeses 8 EXCUBITOR, AUCt. coccessesseeees lil polita, Sow. Jum. .......0...eeee eee 7 Lucionensis (Linn.) ...204...... 167 similis, Sow. Jum. ......c0e..000 8 Larus canus, Linn............5...00 196 striatula, Sow. Jun. .....0...... 6 | Lemur avsirrons, Geoff. ......... 68 trochiformis, Sow. Jun. ........- 7 | Leptophyllus, n. g., Hope ........ Reet Helix carbonaria, Sowerd. ............ 86 | Leptophyllus Strachani, Hope ...... 78 cochliodés, Pfeiffer 151 LEPUS cUNICULUS, Linn. ........ . 70, 98 cromyodes, Pfeiffer ~seen lil) TIMIDUS, Linn. .........see00s 70, 192 Cumingii, Pfeiffer ...........06. 88 Limosa melanura, Leisl........++.00006 94 Beckiana, Pfeiffer .........s0000s 87 CUPA NET ISRS evar ens de cee oss cieeebure 94 Bulla, Pfeiffer ......seecsceeeees 151 | Linsang gracilis, Miiller............... 114 Butleri, Pfeiffer ............0000 0s 87 | Liothrix Sinensis (Gm.)......+... ... 168 fulvida, Pfeiffer ... .....eee. eee 87 LITHEDAPHUS LONGIROSTRIS, Owen 147 Janus, Chemn. fa.c.ccscceeeseseee 87 | Lobivanellus personatus, Govld...... 113 languida, Pfeiffer .........+0s00 150 | Lophophorus Nigelli, Jard. & Selby. 105 Luzonica, Sowerb. ..........0+... 85 Loxia coccorHraustEs, Temm.... 195 Mackensiana, Saul ............4.. 87 ENUCLEATOR, Linn. ......00... 194 Mindanaensis, Sowerb. ......... 85 JAVENSIS, Auct. ...secceseenss. 111 Moricandi, Sowerd. ..........05 86 LUTRA VULGARIS, Erxl. .....0...00. 69 Norrisii, Sowerd. ......ssceeeee 85 | Lymnea plicatula, Cantor ...........- 124 (Carocolla) Panayensis, Brod.. 86 | Macacus Innuvs, Desm. ......... 68 Phloiodes, Pfeiffer ............... 151 Ruesus, Desm. .........0066 seeee 68 porphyria, Pfeiffer ............... 87 | Macropus Bennertrii, Waterh. 64, 70 PAVIA daviidoncurwawerdveassstecenets 124 melanops, Gould .........c0e00.0. 10 Sagittifera, Pfeiffer ....... ws» 86 | Malacocereus striatus, Swains....... 92 Samavensis, Pfeiffer ............ 87 | Mareca Penelope (Linn.) ... 93,94, 168 suborbiculata, Pfeiffer ......... 88 |. MaRsopranra yi o.c, wdevevsccreeecetee _ 66 tephrodes, Pfeiffer ........5..- 151 | Mecistocephalus, n. g., Newp. ...... 178 unica, Pfeiffer ....ccceececeeeee 151 | Mecistocephalus ferrugineus, Koch . 179 Valtoni, Reeve ........cceeeeees 49 Guildingii, Newp. .........s000.. 179 ZEUS}: JONAS versie Goeevaee ieee s 188 mawillaris, Gervais ....--...006. . 179 zonifera, Sowerd. — ..ccececseeees 85 punctifrons, Newz. «2... tees kao Helops dentatus, Fab. .......60...000008 122 punctilabium, Newp. Feds eosvannny Lao punctatus, Fab. vo... cece 118 | Megacantha, n. g., Westw........ epee’ 127 Hemigalea Zebra, Jourdan ..,...... 114 Megacantha tenebrosa, Westw. ...... 122 Herodias Garzetta (Linn.) ...... 93,168 | Megalurus palustris, Sykes? ......... 92 Himantopus melanopterus, Temm.... 94 Megapodius tumulus, Gould ......... 20 Hirundo filifera, Steph. ............06+ 92 | Melania cancellata, Cantor ......... 124 neoxina, Gould ....... Br co oe 131 Melophus Lathami, Gray ......... 167, 168 riparia, LAND. .......c.ceccesees 92,93 | Mergus albellus, Linn. .........c00.05 93 rustica, LINN. «...0006-2..00020005 93 | Merops Philippinus, Linn. ...... 92, 167 Hydrochelidon fluviatilis, Gould ... 140 viridis, Lind. ......ceerene é 20/925 167 Hydrophasianus Sinensis (Gm.) ... 167 | Mesodesma ornata? Gray ..... caseeee 46 Hylacola, n. g., Gould ...........0005 135 | Micreca flavescens, Gould ........+... 132 Hylacola cauta, Gould .............4. 135 | Milvus Cheele ......cecccceccececceseeces 92 Hypsipetes psarotdes, Vig....... ede 92 | Modiola Senhousia, Cantor ......... 124 Hystrix cristata, Linn. ......... 192 Morphnus cristatelius ces..-.eesesees 92 Lanthocincla albogularis, Gould ...... 92 Moscuvus JAvVANIcws, Pall. ......... 108 canora (Linn.) ...eccseeeeceeeees 167 | MoracriLa AuBA, Linn.......... 71, 193 erythrocephala, Gould ......... 92 Q1B0,) TAN Garvencs co >aveiine lees oae 92 leucocephala, Gould ............ 92 Murex Stainforthii, Reeve ............ 104 Ibis falcinellus, Temm. ............... 94 Mus castaneus, Waterh. ............ 145 INDEX. 207 Page | Page Mus DEcUMANUS, Linn. ........ 70, 98 Nyctobates rotundicollis, Westw. ... 120 delicatulus, Gould. .........0000: 13 transversalis, Westw. ....s.sseee 119 hirsutus, Gould ......cseceseee0e. 12 | MNyroca leucophthalma, Flem. ...... 93 MUSCULUS, Linn. .....0...000.0. 98 | Ocyphaps, n. g., Gould ........0...00s 20 Nove-Hollandie, Waterh....... 146 | Ocyphaps microurus, Gould ......... 20 penicillatus, Gould ...........0+ 12 Gdicnemus crepitans, Temm. ... 92, 94 MUS PREAD A 1555004 ees. snanaasenseese 66 | Ogcosoma, n.g., Westw. ....02060.4. 121 Musrexa Ermine, Linn. 64, 69,97,191 | Ogcosoma granulare, Westw.......... 121 Purorivs, Linn. ............00000e 64 Oniscia Dennisoni, Reeve ............ 91 VULGARIS, Linn. ......... 64, 69, 97 strombiformis, Reeve ............ 91 Myophonus Temminckii, Vig. ...... 92 | Oriolus Galbula, Auct. ...........000 92 Myzomela obscura, Gould .........+4+ 136 Chinensis, Linn. ...... 166 Nasua Fusca, Desm. .......e00000e 68 Ortyx castanea, Gould ......60....00 182 Narerx Torauata, Ray.. als 101, 109 nigrogularis, Gould .........04. 181 Nautilus Pompilius, Auct...... OEPAD 143 (Odontophorus) stellata, Gould 183 Navicella Clypeolum, Recluz......... 157 pectoralis, Gould ........s000.05 182 Cumingiana, Recluz .......++4.. 157 | Otus brachyotus, Flem. .........++.++ 93 ’ Entrecastauxi, Recluz .......++ 159 Ovis. Artss, Linn. .......00....000-: 69, 98 Janelli, Recluz ....... BRR Jace 154 TRAGELAPHUS, Desm. ......... 70 Vineata, Lam. ......sccceesereneees 158 | Oxynopterus, n. g., Hope ........166 77 Luzonica, Souleyet ............00+ 156 | Oxynopterus Audouini, Hope......... 77 suborbicularis, Sowerb. .......+. 155 Cumingii, Hope ....... Maneesarees many, Pessellata; Liam. |:\s2ececveecneeces 158 Javanus, Hope. 02.5 0ck.cceseess 78 variabilis, Recluz ........ weet i 155 latipennis, Hope .........see.eseee 78 Necrophleophagus, n. g., Newp. ... 180 mucronatus, Hope ...rereeeees 76 Necrophleophagus longicornis,Leach 180 | Pachycephala falcata, Gould ...... «-» 134 Neophron perenopterus, Temm....... 92 melanura, Gould ....00......006 134 Nerita, Lam. .......... Stveissaicneete .. 168 simplex, Gould ..csevesscecesaces 135 angulosa, Recluz ...... aidsueneey so Palamedea cornuta, Linn. ........+04- 15 asperulata, Recluz ....0.... e+ 169. | Paleornis Bengalensis (Gm.) ...... 167 bicanaliculata, Recluz ......... bral JSlavicollaris, Frankl. ............ 92 bicolor, Recluz ....ccccessececers 172 Malaccensis (Gm.) —.....2.0000s 168 circumvoluta, Recluz .......0+6. 173 torquatus, Vig. ......ss0...0s 92, 167 crepidularia, Lam. .........+0+... 170 Paludina lecythoides, Cantor ...... 124 Donovani, Recluz ..........0000 175 longicornis, Cantor ......s0.065... 124 interrupta, Recluz ...... ices 173 quadrata, Cantor .........006 w. 124 Jabiosa; Sow.) Avie ek 169 striatula, Cantor .......... Bdanidates 124 Michaudi, Recluz ...... ......+5 175 | Planorbis hemispherula, Canfor ... 124 Montacuti, Recluz ......sesees0e 174 | Paradisea apoda, Linn. ............... 166 Olivacea, Recluz .......00... sees 172 SANGUINEA, SHAW seseeesssceseevees 166 Panayana, Recluz .........s0005+ 170 Paradoxurus Derbianus, Gray ...... 114 Petiti; RECluZ isescesseteocv sees 169 Zebra, Gray? sovecescsess =o aay SUS pulchella, Recluz ........s.00-000 175 | Parmophorus corrugatus, Reeve ... 50 pulligera, LINN. ....0..e.ceeeeeeee 171 intermedius, Reeve ............... 50 Rangiana, Recluz .........+006+ 170 | Partula inflata, Reeve....... BASE: we 197 Sowerbiana, Recluz .......... . 174 Parus atriceps, Horsf. ........++ roam 4 squamzpicta, Recluz .........-+: 169 cAuDATUS, Linn. ............ 71, 194 squarrosa, Recluz .........0.... 174 CHERULEUS, Linn............. 71, 194 suborbiculata, Recluz...... ete D7 1: galla, AUCt. sesecserseseees baths 8 92 Nesioticus, n. g., Westw. .........005 120 | Pecten albo-lineatus, Sow. Jun....... 164 Nesioticus flavopictus, Westw. ...... 121 crassicostatus, Sow. Jun. ...... 164 Nigrita fusconotus, Fraser ......... 145 pictus, Sow. Jum. .......00000.6. 163 Nucifraga hemispila, Vig. ..........+. 92 pseudolima, Sow. Jun. ......... 165 Numenius arquata, Lath. ........... , 94 Singaporinus, Sow. Jun. ...... 164 pheopus, Lath. ......... Rescate 94 splendidulus, Sow. Jun. ......... 165 Nyctobates brevicornis, Westw. 119 serratus, Sow. Jum........0e.00. 0. 164 confusus, Westw. ... ..ssssseeee 118 superbus, Sow. Jun.........0006 + 163 _Hypocrita, Westw. ............... 119 velutinus, Sow. Jum. «.....see0es 164 meerens, Westw. .......00...s00006 117 Pectocera, n. g., Hope .sesee.s.sesees 79 punctatus, Westw. ..........0060 118 Peetocera Cantori, Hope.......... sweat ao 208 INDEX Page Page Pectocera Mellii, Hope ....+.sessesee 79 | Pleurotoma Beckii, Reeve ............ 199 Pelecanus rufescens, Gmel........-+ « 144 speciosa, Reeve .....sseseereeeees 199 Peplidia, n.g., Lowe ......ssse00 gecvses Ploceus collaris, Fraser .........+++0++ 142 Peplidia Madere, Lowe ......+.- sensor (OL Philippinus, Cuy......--+ gapaxaie 92 Perameles Harveyi, Waterh. ......... 47 Plotus Levaillanti, Temm............. 93 macroura, Gould.......+--+00 awene yal Podiceps minor, Lath............++000+ 93 Perdix altaica, Gebler ......+.0+0+++- 105 | Poéphila, n. g., Gould..........00+ repay a8 Chukar Wigs) -evearenssdes tases 92 | Poéphila personata, Gould......... és GS Pernis apivorus, AUCt. ..-..s-eceeseee 93 | Polyplectron Hardwickei, Gray ...... 166 PETAURUS SCIUREUS, Geoff. ...... 64,70 | Pomatorhinus erythrogenys, Vig. ... 92: Petrogale concinna, Gould............ 57 | Porzana fluminea, Gould....... deiicente 139 inornata, Gould ......+.. wintsebise 5 palustris, Gould .......cccccsceuee 139 Petroica rhodinogaster, Jard. & Selb. 112 rubiginosa (Temm.) .........005 167 rosea, Gould...... aoiapaealls sacceae, LL2) | Priniaurrorata, Sykes asaya ope 92 Phenicornis brevirostris, Vig......... 92 | Prionodon gracilis, Horsf. ............ 114 PCVeEGTiNA, Vig.ecserceseresseceesees 92 | Psammobia costata, Hanley .......-. 122 rubeculoides, Vig Boor co coroece O2 | « Bstlopus’ va.-:: \s.swheetes aeceaaeeanes 133 Phenicura ruticilla, Swains. ......... 92 | Psittacula yalgula (Linn.) .....+...... 167 Phalacrocorax Carbo (Linn.).......-. 167 | Psittacus Sinensis, Gm. .......00.0+++ 167 Cormoranus, TemmM. .....++0000. 93 Pierocles exustus, Auct..........+00000 92 MAVANICAN Ss. &.icbs denen sms cnceeteees 93 | Ptilinopus Ewingii, Gould ............ 19 Phalaropus platyrhynchus, Temm... $4 Swainsonii, Gould .......2....0+ 18 Phascogale albipes, Waterh. «........ 48 Ptilotis flava, Gould ......c00c.s.c000s 136 Phasianus albocristatus, Vig.....++... 92 unicolor, Gould ..........0000. «. 136 LINEATUS) Jardis$. . 35 Forses, Professor E. On the Species of Negra inhabiting the AEgean Sea . . 75 Fraser, Mr. L. On some New Species of Birds from Fernando Po. . . 3 On eight New Species of Birds from Western Africa. . 16 On a New Rhinolophus, and four New pee 4 of Birds from Western Africa . . a ape 25 On Birds from Western ‘Alfeion $485 34 On Cricetomys Gambianus and various s Species of Birds from Western Africa. . . . . .....-e. Sl On two specimens of Manis . . . . . ..» + «+. 58 Description of Perdix Bonhami . . 69 On the Collection of Birds Bilan to > England by} Mr. ‘Bridges... - 108 GAsKOIN, J. 8., Esq. page On New Species of Cyprea oie Nei St ie a a GouLp, Joun, Esq. On two New Species of Birds from the collection formed by Sir award Belcher si fo sine} le we es Description of Ardea rectirostris. . . . . . .. . Q On the Habits of Zeipoa . . oY oS Es ae On a New Species of Kangaroo Baty 81 On nine New Birds collected rade the ‘voyage of H.M. S. Sulphur, Meus : - 103 On Diomedea chlororhyncha Le : 8a. Descriptions of four New Species of Ortye PM ate - 192 On an extensive Series of Toucans, with characters of Se NeMEACRIES Tee st pire ete ae te ete elt emmnee Gray, J. E., Esq. Letter ou, on two New Species of Bats and a Porcupine (Hystrix subspinosus, Licht.) in the British Museum. . . 20 Letter from, on some New Species of Bats from Jamaica . 50 Specimens of Mammalia from Coban in Central America, presented ‘by ‘20.2 Wes Ne S> Sot oid atta 79 GuLLIveER, GEorGE, Esq. On the Blood-Corpuscles of the Stanley Musk Deer . . 66 Hantey, SyLvanus, Esq. On New Species of Donax and Mya . . ..... 5 On New Species of Solen and Mesodesma .. . . . 101 Harvey, J. B., Esq. Better front seats os) an Wes Oe) A Pea Hinps, Ricuarp BrinsLey, Esq. On New Species of Shells collected by Sir Edward Bel- cher, C.B. . 17 On two New Species of Triphoris, in the collection of H. Cuming, Esq. . 22 On New Species of Pleurotoma, Clavatula, and Mangia. 36 On New Species of Cancellaria . . A . AT On New Species of Corbula and ‘Potamomya 5 te cosh adhe On New Species of Nezra. . . 75 On New Species of Nucula, from the collections of Sir E. Belcher, C.B., and H. Cuming, Esq. . » - + + © - 2 9 On New Species of Scalaria and Murer . . . « « «124 On New Species of Terebra . . . . «+ » + + + + 149 Synopsis of the Genus Terebra . . . . ~ + + + « 159 Loppices, Mr. GreorGe. On some Species of Humming-Birds . . . . - - . 122 Lowe, Rev. R. T., Corr. Memb. On the Fishes of Madeira . . . . . . . « . ~~ 81,97 Ocixsy, Rosert Lesxiz, Esq. page Lepus Hibernicus, presented by . Ocitsy, WILLIAM, Esq. On two New Species of Baboon. . . . - - - + + 10 Owen, Professor. On Dinornis Nove-Zealandie 8 Letter from, substituting the name e of Dinornis for that of Megalornis. . . Wis. alonga, in the isle of Samar. 31 Var. f. Shell prettily variegated with dark brown. Found on leaves of bushes in the island of Siquijod. Var. g. Shell small and thicker, with rather elevated spire and prominent ridges. Found under decayed leaves at Baclayan. Cyctosroma Piteus. Cycl. testd conicd, tenui, albidd, fusco pal- lidissimé nubeculatd ; spird subacuminatd ; anfractibus quinque, planulatis, antic? carinatis ; apertura rotundato-subtrigond, extis angulatd ; peritremate albo, reflexo, labiis postice disjunctis ; um- bilico parvo. Long. 0°7; lat. 0°6 poll. Had. infra foliis putridis apud Sinait, provinciz Ilocos meridionali, insule Lucon. H. Cuming. Var. a. Shell pale brown, mottled; peritreme white. Found at Sinait. Var. 6. Shell white. Found in the same situation and locality. Var. c. Shell white, larger than var. @ and b, with a sharper keel. Found on leaves of trees at St. Juan, in the province of Cagayan. Cyciosroma LincuireruM. Cycl. testd suborbiculari, subconicd, crassd, pallescente, maculis saturate brunneis angulatim variegata ; spird subacuminatd, submammillari ; anfractibus quatuor, rotunda- tis, levibus, spiraliter obsolete striatis ; aperturd magna, orbiculari ; peritremate incrassato, subrejlexo; labio interne linguam latam efformante ; umbilicum partim tegente. Long. 1°1; lat. 1°25 poll. Hah, infra foliis putridis, in sylvis, apud Lobock, insule Bohol. Var. a. Light brown, variously mottled with dark brown. Var. b. Much paler in colour, and having the spiral strie much more distinct. Var. c. Yellowish brown, with an orange mouth. Cyctostoma ListEer1, Gray. Cycl. testa subglobosd, crassiusculd ; spird conoided, subacuminatd ; anfractibus 4-5 rotundatis, levibus, nonnunquam superneé longitudinaliter obsolete striatis ; suturd di- stinctd; aperturd circular ; peritremate subincrassato, superné angulato, latere umbilicali calloso, callo umbilico partim obtegente ; umbilico parvo, spiraliter striato. Var. a. Testd omnino albicante. Var. 6. Testd pallidé fulvd, fascia inferiore fusca. Hab. in insula S* Mauritii. Mr. Lovell Reeve’s descriptions of various new Shells, about to be figured in the ‘ Conchologia Iconica,’ were then read. Genus PLEUROTOMA. Prevroroma Garnonsu. Pleur. testd elongato-turritd, gracillime Susiformi, albidd, transversim multicarinatd, carinis maculis parvis rubido-fuscis vivide pictis ; anfractibus convexis, macularum gran- dium serie superne ornatis ; anfractu ultimo infra fusco-fasciato ; canali plus minusve elongato. Pleurotoma Babylonia var., Kiener. $2 Long. 24; lat. 4 poll. Hab. Island of Zebu, Philippines. We have much pleasure in dedicating this species to our excellent friend the Rev. W. L. T. Garnons, F.L.S. &c. The labour which this worthy gentleman has bestowed on the arrangement of the Woodwardian collection of shells at Cambridge bears ample testi- mony of his zeal for the science. Several specimens have lately made their appearance in London, but we are not aware from whence they have arrived. The above locality is obtained from a single specimen found by Mr. Cuming at that place, lying dead upon the shore at low water. Pievrotoma specraBiLis. Pleur. testd subelongato-turritd, multi- cingulatd ; albd, cingulis nigro-maculatis, maculis grandibus et parvis, numerosissimis, anfractibus convexis, supra et infra fusco- fasciatis ; canali brevi, leviter flecuosd. Long. 24; lat. 3 poll. Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (on the reefs). The spotting is of a more numerous and miscellaneous character in this species than in any of the genus, though it presents in certain respects a modification of that in the preceding species. The dusky band which girds the lower portion of the whorls in that species is exhibited both round the lower and upper portions in this, and the number of spots is apparently doubled in like manner; the canal is short, and presents a great peculiarity of character. PLEeuROTOMA EXASPERATA. Pleur. testd turritd, anfractibus in medio tuberculato-muricatis, tuberculis solidis acutis; albd, an- fractu ultimo zond fuscd cingulato ; canali brevissimo ; columella pac sunerne callosd ; aperture fauce albo. Long. £; lat. 3 poll. ab. : This interesting little shell resembles the Pleurotoma wnizonalis in being surrounded with a single clear dark band ; but it differs, first, in being of a more turrited form; secondly, in having the whorls encircled with a sharp row of tubercles instead of longitudinal ribs ; and thirdly, in the columella and interior being white, whereas in that species it is always brown. Puevroroma arcuata. Pleur. testd arcuato-fusiformi, tenui, in- fiatd, subpellucidd, anfractibus lineatis, in medio acuté carinatis, carind maculis fuscis regularibus ornatd ; labro externo rotundato ab anfractu ultimo sinu lato separato ; canali gracili, arcuato, spire longitudinem equante. Long. 13; lat. 2 poll. Hab. Coast of Veragua, Central America. A few specimens only of this inflated transparent-looking shell were collected at the above-mentioned place by R. Hinds, Esq., of Her Majesty’s ship ‘ Sulphur,’ a zealous and intelligent conchologist. Prevrotoma picta (Beck, MSS.). Pleur. testd acutissime turritd, solidd transversim carinatd, albd, carinis perspicuis, subdistanti- bus, maculis fuscis perparce pictis, carind supera valde maxima, labro fissurd parvd, subcentrali; canali recto, spire longitudinem equante. Long. 2; lat. $ poll. 33 Hab. Panama, St. Blas, Gulf of Nicoya, &c. This shell is of a straight solid growth, and cannot well be con- founded with any species hitherto described. Prevrotoma Papauis. Pleur. testé fusiformi, acuté turritd, pal- lid? luteo-brunnescente, anfractibus superne concavis, longitudina- liter leviter liratis, liris numerosis, anfractu ultimo pallide albo- fasciato ; canali brevi. Long. 12; lat. 3 poll. Pleurotoma mitreformis var., Kiener. Hab. ? After carefully examining one or two specimens of this shell, which Kiener describes as a variety of the Pleurotoma mitreformis, Iam forced to the conclusion that it is specifically distinct. Pievrotoma opesa. Pleur. testd obeso-fusiformi; spird turritd, anfractibus luteolis, superne albis, lineis fulvis, obliquis, longitu- dinaliter venosis ; labro acuto, sinu subcentrali; canali mediocri, brevi subitd refleco. Long. 13; Jat. 3 poll. Hab. ? The solid obesity of this shell has suggested the above title. Pievrotroma vircinea (Beck, MSS.). Pleur. testd fusiformi- turritd, pallidé luteold ; anfractibus in medio angulatis, tuberculis minutis albis seriatim cinctis ; anfractu ultimo multiseriatim gra- nuloso ; canali mediocri, leviter recurvo. Long. 13; lat. 3 poll. Hab. Mouth of the Gambia. This shell, though comparatively common in our collections, does not appear to have been hitherto described. PLevRoToMA annutaTa. Fleur. testd solidd, subulatd, brunned ; anfractibus leviter convewis, liris levibus, pallidioribus, numerosis, annulatim cinctis ; canali subelongato. Long. 14; lat. 2 poll. This shell is not very much unlike the Pleurotoma Deshayesit; it may however be readily distinguished from that species by the num- ber of well-marked ring-like ridges by which the entire surface is encircled. Pievrotoma caTENA. Pleur. testd elongato-fusiformi, turritd, acu- minatd, flavido-grised ; anfractibus medio valde convewis, quasi subitd tumidis, tuberculis eximiis, albis, obliquis, seriatim coro- natis ; labro tenui, sinu lato; canali elongato, recto. Long. 2}; lat. 5 poll. Hab. ? The leading feature of this new and very distinct shell is the bright perlaceous series of link-shaped tubercles which run round the peri- phery of the whorls. Genus Pecruncutvs. Pecruncutus Gicanteus. Peet. testd valde convead (juniore de- pressd), solidd, giganted, longitudinaliter striatd, striis contiguis, regularibus, et sulcata sulcis fere obsoletis ; albd, infern? castaneo- 34 tinctd, superné maculis rubido-fuscis numerosis, undatis, contin- gentibus, profuse et vivide pictd ; intis albd, marginibus (in adultd) castaneo-nitidis, crenatis ; epidermide crassd, pilosd. Alt. 4; long. 33; lat. 2. Hab. Guaymas, Gulf of California. This magnificent shell, which was brought from the above port by Mr. Babb, R.N., accords in some measure with Lamarck’s descrip- tion of his Pectunculus undulatus. ‘The figure in Delessert’s ‘ Recueil de Coquilles,’ however, of that shell, fully exhibits its specific differ- ence. PecruncuLus raripictus. Pect. testd suboblique cordatd, radiatim costatd, costis planis in medio sep? sulcatis ; costarum interstitiis profundis ; albd luteo-castaned, parce variegatd, intis albd, an- tice purpureo-tinctd. Hab. The ribs in this shell are peculiarly firm and squarely grooved out, as it were, and they are often slightly rutted about half-way up the middle. PrecruncuLus aurirLuus. ect. testd orbiculari-cordata, inequi- laterali,radiatim costatd, costis obsolete sulcatis ; albd, transversim auriflud, antice maculis aureis nigerrimo-fuscis marginatis. Hab. ? This new and beautiful shell may be easily recognised by its very bright orange painting. Precruncutus noxosEricus. Pect. testd suborbiculari, levi, albidd, multiradiatd, epidermide sericd indutd. Hab. ? The peculiar, close, velvety epidermis of this shell is alone suffi- cient to distinguish it. Mr. Fraser characterized two new species of Birds from Western Africa :— Mouscrreta Smitui. Muse. corpore pallide rufo; caudd, alisque nigrescentibus, cinereo-lavatis ; capite, collo, rostro, pedibusque nigris. hibit tot. 73 unc.; ale, 3 unc. 4 lin.; rostri, a rictu ad apicem, 10 lin. ; caude, 3 unc. 10 lin. Hab. Western Africa. The dimension above given of the tail of this bird includes the two central feathers, which are about half an inch longer than either of the others; these latter, when spread out, form a segment of a circle, the outermost feathers being the shortest. The head and neck are glossy black, but in certain lights exhibit a slight bluish tint: the whole body and wing-coverts are of a rust-colour, for the most part pale, but assuming a decided and rich hue on the abdomen ; the tail and feathers of flight in the wings are of a deep brownish gray, but inclining to black. The bill is stout. 35 Treron crassirostris. Trer. viridis; capite, collo pectoreque cinerascenti-viridibus ; ventre citrino ; alarum tectricibus regione carpali vinaceo-purpureis ; remigibus fusco-nigrescentibus ; caudd nigrd ad apicem late cinereo-fasciatd ; rostro magno, pedibusque pullidis. . Long. tot. 12 unc. ; ale, 62; caude, 44; rostri, 11 lin. Hab. ? This species is remarkable for its stout bill, which is of a very pale grayish colour, tinted with yellow on the upper surface at the base. The vinaceous patch at the angle of the wing is but of small extent; the primaries, secondaries, and some of the greater wing- coverts are narrowly margined externally with bright yellow, and the vent and some of the under tail-coverts, as well as the greater portion of the feathers covering the thighs, are of the same colour ; the larger under tail-coverts are of a reddish brown colour, and the feet are yellow. Various specimens presented to the Society since the preceding Meeting were exhibited, and attention was particularly called to an extensive collection, consisting of 126 Bird-skins, presented by Walter Ewer, Esq., and some specimens of Sponges, &c., and twelve Bird-skins presented by the Society's Corresponding Member, E. L. Moore, Esq., of Newfoundland. The exhibition of specimens from Sincapore and Borneo, pre- sented by James Brooke, Esq., Corresponding Member, was resumed. March 28, 1843. William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair. A very perfect specimen of the Brain Coral was exhibited by Capt. Fayrer, and various specimens from the collection presented by James Brooke, Esq., Corresponding Member, were also laid before the Meeting. The followimg descriptions of new Shells, from the collection of Captain Sir Edward Belcher, R.N., C.B., &c., by Richard Brinsley Hinds, Esq., Surgeon R.N., were read :— The great accession of species to the genus Pleurotoma, as left by Lamarck, renders it necessary that our views respecting it should receive some modification. A very prominent circumstance is, that the frequent repetition of previously trivial characters has elevated them to a situation of importance, and they are thus liable to become the distinctive grounds of new and characteristic groups. I com- menced my examination with the species collected in the Sulphur, being about 120 in number; and subsequently I have had the opportunity of extending my researches among the extensive col- lection assembled together by Mr. Lovell Reeve, from the cabinets of various conchologists, but particularly from that of Mr. Hugh Cuming, the whole amounting in all probability to more than three hundred species. It is not my intention to attempt anything like a monograph of the group, but as it was necessary to make an exten- sive revision of the subject, to place the species in my hands in their proper position, I trust I shall be doing a service by recording the views which became developed in the prosecution of the work. I shall, however, confine my remarks to those genera, the mention of which is necessary to the elucidation of my species. Pievrotoma, Lamarck. A beautiful genus, presenting the typical characters of the group in their intensity, and capable of being satisfactorily defined. It consists of shells which are elongated and fusiform, having the spire and canal most frequently nearly equal in length; the sinus a slit, usually anterior to the most prominent part of the whorl, with a sharp margin; aperture oval; canal straight, and almost constantly lengthened; outer lip thin, smooth within, usually crenulated on the margin, from the termination of the lesser keels ; inner lip rarely produced; sculpture generally transverse. ‘The species are rarely found beyond the tropics, and do not abound in individuals, being found few in number : they are nearly equally abundant in the Ame- rican and Asiatic Seas, but are remarkably absent from the Pacific Ocean. They never occur on the shores, being always obtained 37 from deep water, and usually on a muddy bottom; to this latter circumstance is probably attributable their singular absence from the Pacific, where coral prevails. Puevroroma nositis. Pleur. testd fusiformi, solidd, rugosa ; an- fractibus superné concavis, leviter striatis, prope mediam carind mazximd, inferne, precipue ultimo, carinis parvis alternantibus ; su- turd simplici ; labio externo subintegro, interno inferne paululim producto ; epidermide pallid? fuscd indutd. Axis 44 lin. Hab. San Blas, Mexico. From seven fathoms; mud. This is a very considerably larger shell than P. ovytropis, but in the character of the sculpture they closely approach each other. It is chiefly distinguishable from it in the absence of any keel between the principal keel and the suture, and in some minor characters. Pievroroma cemMaTa. Pleur. testd fusiformi, elongatd, gracilli- md, fuscd ; anfractibus numerosis, medio uniseriatim tuberculato- carinatis ; tuberculis rectis, subquadratis, albidis ; carinis duabus, parvis, suturam comitantibus, anfractu ultimo multicarinatis ; sinu laterali pon® carinam ; apertura ovali ; cunali elongatd. Axis 9 lin. Hab. Gulf of Magdalena, California. Obtained from seven fathoms, among sandy mud. Puevrotoma supata. Pleur. testd fusiformi, acuminatd, levigatd, fulvd ; anfractibus medio carinatis, superné granulis uniseriatim cinctis, infern® carind parva unica, sed ultimo pluribus ; suturd carinatd ; canali breviusculo. Axis 12 lin. Hab. The China Sea and north coast of Sumatra: dredged from a muddy bottom in eighteen fathoms. Prevrotoma strouipa. Pleur. testdé fusiformi, levigatd, corned ; anfractibus superne planulatis, inferneé costatis ; costulis albidis, brevibus, obliquis, in anfractu ultimo evanidis ; apice papillari ; suturd simplici ; canali brevi ; labio externo tenui. Axis 14 lin. Hab. Lagulhas Bank, Cape of Good Hope: dredged from a depth of forty-three fathoms. Prevroroma Gravis. Pleur. testa fusiformi, levigatd, corned ; an- fractibus prope suturam angulatis, uniseriatim tuberculis parvis albidis cinctis, superné late planulatis ; anfractu ultimo coarctato ; apice papillari; suturd simplici, fere occultd, canali brevi ; aper- turd fuscd. Axis 11 lin. Hab. Lagulhas Bank, Cape of Good Hope; in company with the preceding. PLevurotTomaA INERMIS. Pleur. testa ovatd, acuminatd, inermi ; an- fractibus subrotundatis, flammeis undosis fuscis longitudinaliter ornatis, transversim striatis; suturd simplict; aperturd ovali ; canali brevi. Axis 15 lin. ei Bay of Magdalena, California. From seven fathoms ; sandy mud. 38 PievRoToMA VIOLACEA. Pleur. testd elongatd, acuminata, violaced ; anfractibus decenis multicarinatis, longitudinaliter minutissime et creberrime striatis; carinis duabus eminentioribus ; labro tenui, acuto, crenulato ; sinu laterali inter carinas ; aperturd ovali ; colu- mella biplicata ; canali brevi. Axis 8 lin. Hab. North coast of New Guinea and Straits of Macassar. From seven to twenty-two fathoms; sandy mud. Also collected by Mr.Cu- ming at the Philippines. The folds on the columella, for which this species is remarkable, are not to be met with in all the specimens. PLEUROTOMA RADULA. Pleur. testd pyramidali, acuminatd, corned ; anfractibus nonis, lineis decussatis, uniseriatim tuberculatis ; tuber- culis sublunatis ; labro tenui, acuto ; sinu laterali pone seriem tuber- culorum ; suturd lined elevatd instructd ; aperturd ovali; canali brevi. Axis 7 lin. Hab. Straits of Malacca. In seventeen fathoms ; mud. Cravatuxa, Lamarck. The shells of this genus are subfusiform or clavate; the canal sometimes so short as to be almost wanting, at others somewhat produced and recurved; sinus superior to the most prominent part of the whorl, with a callous everted margin; inner lip often pro- duced ; suture frequently embellished; sculpture nearly always lon- gitudinal; outer lip with a slight inferior sinus. This genus is rather less tropical in its geographical relations than Pleurotoma. In attempting to trace the limits of variation, it may be observed that the canal is liable to fluctuate in length, as may be seen in C. dupli- cata, Sow. (sp.); also in the length of the spire. Varieties in colour are not infrequent, and have been remarked in the above species, in C. flavidula, Lamarck (sp.), and in C. crenularis, Lamarck, each of which has light and dark varieties. Lastly, the series of tubercles which some display are usually connected by a keel, and the par- ticular sculpture fluctuates between each, as occurs in a remarkable manner in C. cincta, Sow. (sp.) CuavatuLa minitaris. Clav. testd turritd, elongata, acuminata, albidaé ; anfractibus superné concavis et angulatis, plicis numerosis longitudinalibus, granosis lineis decussatis ; prope suturam carind subnodosd instructa ; labro intis levi ; apertura lineari, in canali brevi recurvo desinente. Axis 20 lin. Hab. Veragua, Central America; in eighteen fathoms. Panama ; in from eight to thirty fathoms ; mud. CuavatTuLa Sinensis. Clav. testd fusiformi, acuminata, corned ; anfractibus undenis, subplanulatis, medio costulatis, lineis fuscis decussatis ; suturd granoso-carinata ; labro intis levi; apertura ovali ; canali mediocri. Axis 9 lin. Hab. New Guinea; Straits of Macassar; China Sea. In from five to twenty-one fathoms ; mud. 39 CuavatuLa spicata. Clav. testa fusiformi, albidd ; anfractibus octonis, costulatis, transversim striatis ; costulis subacutis ; suturd granulosd ; labro intiis levi, aperturd linear: ; canali brevi ; anfrac- tds ultimi dorso fusco picto. Axis 6 lin. Hab. Bow Island. Among the fine coral sand. CriavaruLa ropusta. Clav. testa fusiformi, acuminata, albida ; anfractibus undenis, levigatis, angulate costulatis, lineis elevatis decussatis ; costulis prope mediam angulatis ; sutura simplict ; lubro crenato, intis levi; aperturd ovali; canali mediocri. Axis 8 lin. Hab. Hong-Kong, China. In from four to seven fathoms ; sandy mud. Cravatuta spurca. Clav. testé ovatd, acuminatd; anfractibus octonis, rotundatis, costulatis, lineis duabus vel tribus elevatis fus- cis decussatis, minutissime transversim striatis; suturd simplici, labro juxta incrassato, intis crenulato ; aperturd ovali; canali mediocri. Axis 5 lin. Hab. New Guinea; Straits of Malacca. In from five to eighteen fathoms; mud. CravatuLa RAvA. Clav. testé ovatd, acuminata ; anfractibus oc- tonis, rotundatis, costulatis, transversim striatis ; costulis rotun- datis, suturam incurrentibus ; infra suturam purpureo spiraliter fasciatd, anfractu ultimo iteratd ; labro intis crenulato ; aperturd ovali ; canali brevi. Axis 5 lin. Hab. Gulf of Nicoya, Central America. In eighteen fathoms; mud. CLAVATULA ERICEA. Clav. testd fusiformi, acuminatd, pallida, ni- tidé ; anfractibus octonis, rotundatis, costulatis ; costulis granu- losis lineis elevatis decussatis, suturam incurrentibus ; interstitiis levigatis ; suturd simplici; labro jueta incrassato, intis levi ; apertura subovali ; canali brevi. Axis 5 lin. Hab. Magnetic Island, Coast of Veragua. From twenty-six fa- thoms ; mud. CLAVATULA DEBILIS. Clav. testd fusiformi, elongata, acuminatd, gracili ; anfractibus octonis, rotundatis, costulatis, transversim striatis ; costulis parvis, rotundatis, approximatis, suturam incur- rentibus ; suturd simplici ; labro intis crenulato ; apertura obliqud ; sinu laterali prope suturam ; canali mediocri, Axis 43 lin. Hab. New Guinea; Straits of Macassar. CuavaTuLa scaLaris. Clav. testd fusiformi, acuminata ; anfractibus septenis, rotundatis, scalariformibus, transversim striatis ; costulis rotundatis, distantibus, suturam incurrentibus ; suturd simplici ; labro arcuato, intis levi; sinu laterali prope suturam ; apertura ovali; canali brevi. Axis 7 lin. Hab. Straits of Macassar. In twelve fathoms ; coarse sand. CravatuLa scutrra. Clav. testa fusiformi, elongatd, acuminata ; 40 anfractibus decenis, rotundatis, costulatis, transversim striatis, fusco fasciatis ; costulis rotundatis, prope suturam desinentibus, suturd striis arcuatis instructd ; sinu laterali prope suturam, mar- ginibus acutis ; aperturd ovali ; canali mediocri. Axis 7 lin. Hab. Panama. From seven fathoms; mud. CLAVATULA AMABILIS. Clav. testd ovatd, turritd, pallidé aurantiacd ; anfractibus septenis, subrotundatis, costulatis, transversim striatis ; costulis rotundatis, subdistantibus ; suturad maculis albis ornatd ; anfractu ultimo fascia albd angustd cincto ; sinu laterali pone su- turam ; aperturd ovali ; canali mediocri. yee 34 lin. Hab. Straits of Malacca. From seventeen ‘than mud. CLAVATULA CINEREA. Clav. testd ovatd, acuminatd, anfractibus septenis, longitudinaliter tuberculato-costatis, transversim striatis ; costulis anfractés ultimi furcatis ; suturd lineis arcuatis instructd ; labro incrassato intiis et cum columella crenulato ; aperturd ovali, obliqud ; canali breviusculd. Axis 8 lin. Hab. CLAVATULA ARGILLACEA. Clav. testd ovatd, acuminatd, levigata, corned ; anfractibus septenis, tuberculato-costatis ; costulis superné angulatis, anfractiés ultimi evanidis ; sinu laterali magno ; labro incrassato intis et cum columellé crenulato ; aperturd ovali, elon- gata ; canali breviusculo. Axis 6 lin. Hab. Straits of Malacca. From 17 fathoms; mud. CLAVATULA RUBIDA. Clav. testd ovatd, acuminatd, rufa, anfracti- bus septenis, rotundatis, costatis, transversim striatis ; costis ro- tundatis, latis, suturam simplicem incurrentibus, labro subincurvo, intis dentato ; aperturd ovali, oblonga, sinu laterali prope suturam ; canali brevi. Axis 7 lin. Var. Nigro et albo fasciatd. Hab. New Guinea. From seven fathoms; mud. The variety is from New Ireland : among coarse sand at low water. Also collected by Mr. Cuming at the Philippines. CuavaTuLa Luctuosa. Clav. testd ovatd, acuminata, nigricante, crassd ; anfractibus nonis, levigatis, superne subplanulatis, prope pieihih uniseriatim tuberculatis ; suturd simplici; sinu laterali posticali ; labro paululim incrassato, intits levi ; apertura fuscd, ovali ; canali brevi. Axis 74 lin. Hab. Bay of Guayaquil; Gulf of Magdalena, California. In from five to twenty-two fathoms. CLaVATULA ASPERA. Clav. testd subclavatd, acuminata, fuscd vel nigricante ; anfractibus septenis, rotundatis, costulatis, lineis ele- vatis decussatis ; suturad lined elevatd instructd ; labro paululim incrassato, intis levi; aperturd fuscd, ovali; canali brevi. Axis 4 lin. Hab. Guayaquil. In five fathoms; mud. North coast of New Guinea. 4) CLavaTuLa crEBRICOSTATA. Clav. lestd ovatd, acuminatd ; anfrac- tibus senis, pliciferis, albidis, superne 2 fusco fasciatis ; plicis parvis, numerosissimis, obliquis, confertis ; suturd simplici ; sinu laterali amplo ; labro tenui, acuto, intis levi; apertura late ovali ; canali subnullo, Axis 3 lin. Hab. Cape Blanco, Africa. In seventeen fathoms. CLAVATULA PLUMBEA. Clav. testd ovatd, attenuatd, levigatd, pal- lidd, fusco fasciatd ; anfractibus septenis, subrotundatis, costulatis ; costulis rotundatis, numerosis, suturam simplicem incurrentibus ; anfractu ultimo fasciis duabus cinctis, labro intis levi, aperturd ovali. Axis 5 lin. Hab. Bay of Magdalena, California. From five fathoms. Cuavatuna occata. Clav. testd fusiformi, attenuata, gracili, cor- ned, angulate costatd ; anfractibus septenis, transversim exaratis ; suturd simplici ; apertura brevi, lineari; canali mediocri. Axis 43 lin. Hab. Magnetic Island, west coast of Veragua. CravaTuLa BELLA. Clav. testé fusiformi, attenuata, gracili, levi- gata, pallide fused ; anfractibus octonis, rotundatis, costulatis, lineis albidis elevatis decussatis, superne fusco fasciatis, ultimo attenuato ; costulis gracilibus, granulis parvis sparsis instructis, suturam sim- plicem incurrentibus ; labro intiis levi; aperturd ovali, in canali brevi attenuato. Axis 54 lin. Hab. West coast of Veragua: from thirty fathoms; mud. Gulf of Papagayo, Central America: from eight to fourteen fathoms ; mud. Cravatuta pupica. Clav. testd fusiformi, acuminatd, nitidissimd ; anfractibus nonis, albidis, propé suturam paululiim levigatis, in- Ferne tuberculato-costulatis ; costulis obliquis, acutis ; suturd sim- plici ; anfractu ultimo anticé costulis acutis obliquis instructo, pos- tice levigato maculo amplo fusco picto; sinu laterali profundo ; labro acuto, inttis levi; aperturd ovali; canali mediocri effusd. Axis 6 lin. Hab. Gulf of Papagayo, Central America. From eight to four- teen fathoms; mud. Cravatuta tzta. Clav. testd subclavatd, acuminatd, nitidissimd ; anfractibus nonis, superne planulatis, medio uniseriatim tubercu- latis, ultimd serie secundd parvd ; tuberculis distinctis, erectis, sub- acutis ; suturd simplici ; labro acuto, intis levi; aperturd ovali ; canali brevi, effuso. Axis 6 lin. pia New Guinea; Straits of Macassar. From seven to ten fa- thoms. CravaTuLa niTENs. Clav. testé clavaid, excentricd, fused, nitidis- simd; anfractibus octonis, subangulate costulatis, prope mediam prominentibus ; costulis obliquis, acutis, suturam simplicem incur- rentibus ; labro acuto, intis levi ; aperturd laté ovali ; canali brevi. Axis 5} lin. 42 Hab. New Guinea; Straits of Macassar and Malacca. From seven to twenty-two fathoms. Cravatura canpipa. Clav. testa fusiformi, acuminata, candida ; anfractibus septenis, costulatis, supern® subangulatis ; suturd sim- plicit; aperturd ovali, sinu laterali superne valde calloso, faucibus crenulatis ; anfractis ultimi basi transversim striato. Axis 54 lin. Hab. Magnetic Island, coast of Veragua. CiavatuLta PyRAmis. Clav. testd clavatd, angulate costatd, hexa- gond, transversim creberrimé striatd ; sinu laterali superficiali ; aperturd brevi, sublineari ; canali brevi. Axis 4 lin. Hab. Straits of Macassar. CLavATULA MERITA. Clav. testd ovatd, turrita, acuminata, levi- gata, pallida ; anfractibus senis, plico-costulatis, superné angulatis et lined fuscd spiraliter cinctis ; suturd simplici ; anfractds ultimi dorso fusco nebuloso, transversim striato ; labro acuto, intis levi ; aperturd oblonga ; canali subnullo. Axis 4 lin. Hab. Gulf of Nicoya, Central America. Under stones at low water. CuavatTuLA FLAMMEA. Clav. testd clavatd, albidd ; anfractibus oc- tonis, rotundatis, transversim striutis, flammulis fuscis, superne angulatis, inferne subrectis, ornatis ; spird ecostulatd ; sulurd sim- plici; sinu laterali modo emarginaturd ; labro obtuso, levissime crenulato, intis levi ; aperturd ad basin dilatatd ; canali brevi, lato, recurvo. Axis 7 lin. Hab. New Ireland. Among coarse sand at low. water. CLAVATULA FELINA. Clav. testa ovatd, acuminatd ; anfractibus se- nis, subrotundatis, granulosis lineis transversis et longitudinalibus decussatis, maculis rufis quadratis et oblongis eleganter ornatis ; suturad simplici ; labro crenulato, subrecto; aperturd oblongd ; canali brevi. Hab. New Ireland. Among coarse sand at low water. CiLAvATULA PARDALIS. Clav. testd ovatd, levigatd, nigricante ; cos- tulis fulvis apice ad basin decurrentibus ; interstitiis striata ; aper- turd oblonga, labro intis crenulato ; canali brevi. Axis 2 lin. Hab. Gulf of Nicoya. Under stones at low water. CriavatuLa cantata. Clav. testd ovatd, elongatd, atro-fused ; an- fractibus octonis, rotundatis, costulatis ; costulis obliquis, acutis ; suturd lined elevatd instructd ; aperturd atrd, ovali; labro intis levi; canali brevi. Axis 3 lin. Hab. Gulf of Fonseca. From twenty fathoms; mud. CravatTuta PaPituaRis. Clav. testd oblongd, levigatd, pallida ; anfractibus quinis, rotundatis, obsolete tuberculato-costulatis ; apice papillosd ; suturd simplici ; aperturd brevi, ovata ; labro in- tus levi; canali subnullo. Axis 23 lin. Hab. Straits of Malacca. From seventeen fathoms; mud. 43 CravaTuLa ruBIGINosA. Clav. testd oblongd, corned ; anfractibus senis, subrotundatis, transversim striatis ; suturd simplici ; aperturd brevi, ovatd, corned ; labro intis levi ; canali subnullo. Axis 3 lin. Hab. Straits of Malacca. From seventeen fathoms ; mud. Cuavatuta pourra. Clav. testd valde fusiformi, politd, albida ; septangulate costulata; costulis confluentibus ; suturd simplici ; aperturd ovali, oblong ; labro acuto, intiis levi ; canali longo, sub- recurvo. Axis 5 lin. Hab. Straits of Macassar. Found among coarse sand in seven fathoms. CravatTuta Trextitis. Clav. testd ellipticd, acuminatd, albidd, an- fractibus senis, costulatis, superne angulatis ; costulis rotundatis lineis elevatis decussatis, tribus prope mediam anfractis ultimi Suscis ; sinu lateral postico ; aperturd sublineari ; labro intis cre- nulato ; canali brevi. Axis 35 lin. Hab. Straits of Macassar. From seven fathoms; sand. Cruavatuna Fimpriata. Clav. testd ovatd, pallide rufd, albo fas- ciatd ; anfractibus quinis, rotundatis, laminis brevibus, numerosis, dentatis, reflexis indutis ; suturd simplici ; aperturd ovali ; sinu la- terali minimo ; labro crenulato, reflexo ; canali brevi. Axis 3} lin. Hab. North coast of New Guinea. From twenty-two fathoms ; mud. CuavatuLa ponata. Clav. testd ovatd, elongatd, rosed ; anfracti- bus octonis, costulatis, transversim striatis ; costulis brevibus, ro- tundatis ; suturd lined nodosd instructd ; aperturd parva, ovali, rosed ; labro intits levi; canali brevi. Axis 34 lin. Hab. North coast of New Guinea. From twenty-two fathoms ; mud. Cuavatuta micans. Clav. testd ovatd, elongatd, corned, nitidd ; anfractibus octonis, costulatis ; costulis subacutis, albidis, obliquis, superne prope suturam evanidis ; anfractis ultimi dorso ecostulato ; apertura parvd, ovali ; labro tenui, acuto, intis levi ; canali brevi. Axis 34 lin. Hab. Gulf of Papagayo. From fourteen fathoms ; mud. CuavatTuLa auBicans. Clav. testd ovatd, elongatd, albidd, nitidd ; anfractibus octonis, costulatis ; costulis superné subnodulosis ; su- turd nodulosd ; sinu laterali pone suturam ; aperturd parvd, ovali ; labro acuto, intis levi; canali brevi. Axis 23 lin. Hab. Straits of Malacca. From seventeen fathoms; mud. Cuavaruta mutica. Clav. testd subfusiformi, pallide fulvd ; an- fractibus senis, rotundatis, transversim striatis, maculis fuscis longitudinalibus ornatis ; suturd simplici ; anfractu ultimo medio angulato et albo fasciato, ad basin fusco ; sinu laterali juxtd su- turam ; aperturd ovali; labro acuto, intis levi; canali brevi. Axis 34 lin. Hab. Straits of Malacca. From seventeen fathoms; mud. 44 CLAVATULA METULA. Clav. testd ovatd, acuminatd ; anfractibus quinis planulatis, obsolete costulatis, transversim striatis, pallide rufo fasciatis ; suturd lined elevatd instructd ; aperturd lineari F labro subinflexo ; canali subnullo. Axis 2 lin. Hab. ? CLAVATULA TESSELLATA. Clav. testé elongatd, acuminata ; anfrac- tibus senis, subplanulatis, granulosis lineis longitudinalibus et transversis decussatis, maculis subquadratis Suscis pictis ; suturé simplici ; aperturé oblongd ; labro intis crenulato ; canali brevi. Axis 3 lin. Hab. Straits of Macassar. From ten fathoms; coarse sand. CLAVATULA FULVA. Clav. testd ovatd, acuminatd, Sulvé ; anfracti- bus senis, granulosis, tuberculato-costulatis, superné angulatis ; suturd lined granulosd instructa ; apertura parvd, oblongd ; labro intits levi; canali brevi effuso. Axis 23 lin. Hab. Straits of Macassar. From ten fathoms; coarse sand. CLAVATULA DENTIFERA. Clav. testd elongatd, acuminatd ; anfrac- tibus quinis, costulatis, lineis transversis decussatis ; costulis nume- rosis, parvis, angustis, suturam incurrentibus ; aperturd oblonga ; labro crenulato, inferné dilaiato et dentifero; columella inferne dente parvo ; canali breviusculo. Axis 3 lin. Hab. North coast of New Guinea; Straits of Malacca. From five to seventeen fathoms ; mud. CravaTuLa GLuMAcEA. Clav. testa elongatd, pallida, nitidd ; an- Fractibus senis costulatis, transversim striatis ; costulis brevibus, rotundatis, suturam simplicem incurrentibus ; aperturd oblonga, fusca ; labro intis levi; canali breviusculo. Axis 3 lin. Hab. North coast of New Guinea. From twenty-two fathoms ; mud. CLavaTuLa quisquaLis. Clav. tesid fusiformi, acuminatd, nitidis- simd ; anfractibus octonis, superné levigatis, inferne costulatis ; costulis brevibus, obliquis, acutis ; lineis albis sinuosis longitudi- naliter instructis ; aperturd ovatd ; sinu laterali rotundo ; labro tenui, acuto, intis levi; columelld marginata ; canali brevi, effuso, recurvo. Axis 44 lin. Hab. Gulf of Papagayo, Central America. From eight to fourteen fathoms ; mud. CiavaTuLa RETUSA. Clav. testd parva, obesd, aurantiacd ; anfrac- tibus septenis, costulatis, transversim striatis ; costulis rotundatis, confertis ; spird conicd ; suturd simplici ; apice purpured ; aperturd oblongd ; columella contortd ; canali breviusculo. Axis 24 lin. Hab. Straits of Macassar. From ten fathoms; coarse sand. CiLavATULA ImpPREsSA. Clav. testd fusiformi, acuminatd, rosed ; anfractibus nonis, tuberculato-costatis, transversim striatis ; cos- tulis acutis, obliquis, albidis ; anfractés ultimi dorso picto, ecostu- 45 lato ; aperturd ovali ; labro tenui, acuto, intis levi ; canali mediocri. Axis 44 lin. Hab. Gulf of Papagayo, Central America. From eight to four- teen fathoms; mud. CuavaTuLa necurcta. Clav. testd fusiformi, gracili, fuscd ; an- fractibus nonis, costulatis, lineis elevatis decussatis ; costulis bre- vibus, rotundatis; suturd lined elevatd instructd, infra prope levigatd ; aperturd ovatd, obliqud ; sinu laterali pone suturam ; labro incrassato, inflexo ; canali mediocri. Axis 5 lin. Hab. Gulf of Nicoya, Central America. Under stones at low water. Cuavatuta rieipa. Clav. testd ovatd, retusd ; anfractibus quinis, costulatis, superné angulatis, transversim striatis; suturd sim- plici ; aperturd oblongd, labro crenulato ; columelld rugosd ; canali brevi. Axis 23 lin. Hab. Panama. Manee i, Leach. The shells of this group are distinguished by their small size, oval and attenuated shape, long linear mouth, terminated in a short canal, very slightly recurved ; outer lip nearly straight, the immediate mar- gin acute, but strengthened by the last-formed rib ; above shouldered, with a slight emargination, which does not admit of being called a sinus, and with the margin not callous; apparently not formed be- fore the full development of the shell; inner lip slightly produced ; suture always simple; last whorl not at all inflated, and occupying one-half or more of the entire length; sculpture consisting of longi- tudinal fold-like ribs, terminating at the suture ; very probably with- out an operculum, as Philippi observes that the animal of Pleurotoma Bertrandi, which belongs to this genus, is not provided with one. Restricted in this manner, a number of shells may be separated with advantage from the now bulky and somewhat incongruous genus Pleurotoma; and in this discrimination I have kept in view the Mangelia Goodalii of Leach, but have been by no means guided by the genus, as adopted by Risso. Manecenra cinnaMomeEa. Mang. testd attenuatd, nitidd, cinna- momed, albo fasciatd ; anfractibus senis, plico-costulatis, trans- versim levissim? striatis ; faucibus crenulatis. Axis 43 lin. Hab. North coast of New Guinea; Straits of Macassar ; Straits of Malacca. From five to twenty-two fathoms; mud. Mancexia coronata. Mang. testd attenuata, acuminatd ; anfrac- tibus senis, plico-costulatis, transversim striatis ; costulis superne subacuminatis ; faucibus levibus. Axis 4 lin. Hab. Straits of Macassar. Maneenra virrata. Mang. testd attenuatd, pallidd, fusco fasciatd ; anfractibus senis, plico-costulatis, transversim striatis ; costulis numerosis ; faucibus crenulatis. Axis 33 lin. Hab. Straits of Macassar. From ten fathoms; coarse sand. 46 Maneeria oriza. Mang. testd attenuatd, acuminatd, levigatd, nitidd, hexagone plico-costulatd; anfractibus septenis ; faucibus levibus. Axis 44 lin. Hab. North coast of New Guinea. From twenty-two fathoms ; mud. MAnGELIA CELEBENSIS. Mang. testd attenuatd, lavigatd, pallidd, fSusco late fasciatd ; anfractibus senis, plico-costulatis ; costulis subdistantibus ; faucibus crenulatis. Axis 34 lin. Hab. Straits of Macassar. From ten fathoms; mud. Mr. Reeve then communicated his description of a new species of Cyclostoma, from the Cordilleras Mountains. CycLostoma sTRAMINEUM. Cycl. testd orbiculari, subdepressd, stramineo-luted, spird versus apicem rosaced ; usquequaque ele- gantissime striatd, striis, ab umbilico exorientibus, diagonaliter collocatis ; aperturd fere circulari, superné subsinuatd, peritremate simplici ; operculo testaceo, albo, multi-spirali. Icon. Sowerby, Thesaurus Conch., pl. xxix. f. 211, 212. Hab. Ad Meridam, Columbize Occidentalis. From the collection of H. Cuming, Esq. This very peculiarly striated shell was lately found by a gentleman whilst searching for Orchidaceous plants at the base of the Cordil- leras Mountains. April 11, 1843. William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair. Descriptions of ten new species of Cancellaria, from the collection of Sir Edward Belcher, by Mr. Hinds, were read. CANCELLARIA VENTRICOSA. Canc. testd ovatd, acuminatd, albes- cente ; anfractibus septenis, ventricosis, subturbinatis, cancellatis, interstitiis quadratis ; aperturd oblongd, prope mediam dilatatd ; labio interno expanso ;* columella triplicatéd ; umbilico mediocri. Axis 15 lin. Hab. The west coast of America, between 12° 28! and 24° 38!, north latitude; viz. Realejo, in from sixty to seventy fathoms ; San Blas; Gulf of Magdalena, California, in seven fathoms, sandy mud. Very similar in its characters to C. candida, but distinguished from it in the absence of the secondary impressed lines which cross and interfere with the cancellation. C. candida is described with only two columellar folds, which might be regarded as another source of difference, our shell having three very distinct. But I think it will be found on close examination that the former has a third incipient fold, which, though very small, truly exists. CANCELLARIA URCEOLATA. Canc. testd ovatd, acuminata, levigatd, epidermide fuscd indutd ; anfractibus septenis, costatis, superneé subangulatis, ultimo subquadrato ; costis parviusculis, rotundatis, lineis elevatis decussatis ; aperturd oblonga in canalem recurvum effusum desinente; labro subrecto, intus sulcato; labio interno expanso ; columelld biplicatd, sed plicd tertid inferiore obsoletd ; plicd superiore in dente acuto desinente, sinu inferiore magno ; um- bilico parvo. Axis 16 lin. Hab. The west coast of America, between 12° 2’ and 21° 32! north latitude ; viz. Gulf of Papagayo, in from eight to fourteen fathoms ; San Blas, in seven fathoms. The elevations which cross this shell are remarkably disposed. If the finger-nail is driven over the shell, from the base towards the apex, it meets with no resistance, but if in the contrary direction it is obstructed at every elevation. ‘The squareness of the last whorl and the straight outer lip have a mutual relation, since they are de- pendent on each other ; and these characters, taken collectively, will be of value in making a diagnosis between nearly allied species. CANCELLARIA ALBIDA. Cane. testd oblongd, subattenuatd, cancel- latd, albescente ; anfractibus sepienis, interstitiis transversis vel subquadratis ; aperturd oblonga ; labra acuto, intis sulcato ; colu- melld biplicatd, plicd tertid inferiore obsoletd ; wmbilico minimo, subocculto ; canali mediocri, contorto. Axis 13 lin. No. CXXIII.—Proverpines or tnz Zoon. Soc. 48 Hab, The west coast of America, between 2° 47’ south, and 9° 55! north latitude ; viz. Bay of Guayaquil, Panama, and Veragua, in from seven to twenty-three fathoms. CANCELLARIA CREMATA. Canc. testd oblongd, subuttenuatd, fusca, lucidd ; anfractibus quinis, cancellatis, interstitiis magnis, trans- versis vel subquadratis ; aperturd oblongd, superné plicd unicd ; labro intis sulcis subdistantibus, labio interno expanso ; columelld triplicatd ; umbilico mediocri ; canali breviusculo. Axis 10 lin. Hab. Bay of Panama; from a muddy bed in from four to ten fa- thoms. The figures in the ‘Conchological Illustrations,’ Cancellaria 9 and 10, appear to me to represent two distinct species, both of which were collected in the Sulphur. Fig. 10 corresponds more closely with the description of C. indentata, and to this I would limit the species. The opinion which I had formed from the specimens in my own posses- sion, became fully confirmed in the examination of those in Mr. Cu- ming’s collection, and a fine shell belonging to him enables me to enrich the description. It may be desirable to remark that M. Kie- ner has copied both figures, and assigns them to one species. CaNCELLARIA corRUGATA, Canc. testd bucciniformi, fused ; an- fractibus quaternis, subventricosis, rugis parvis longitudinalibus confertis indutis, lineis impressis decussatis ; aperturd oblongd, fused; labro intis sulcato ; columella plicis duabus albidis instructd ; umbilico nullo ; canali mediocri. Axis 8 lin. Hab. Bay of Guayaquil. From seven fathoms; mud. CaNCELLARIA ELATA. Canc. testd ovatd, elongatd, acuminatd ; an- fractibus septenis costatis, superneé angulatis, lineis elevatis decus- satis ; suturd profundd ; aperturd ovali ; peritremate superne dis- juncto ; labro intis sulcato; columella triplicatd, plicd inferiore maaximd ; umbilico parvo, subocculto ; canali inflexo. Axis 9 lin. Hab. A single specimen was obtained at Panama, from thirty fa- thoms. This shell will always be readily distinguished by its elongated form, shouldered ribs, and by the remarkable circumstance of the plaits on the columella being reversed in size, the inferior being the largest. CaNcELLARIA FuNICULATA. Canc. testd ovutd, elongatd; anfrac- tibus senis, costatis, superné subangulatis ; costis subdistantibus elevatis, rotundatis, nodulosis, lineis elevatis decussatis ; suturd profunda ; labro intis sulcato ; columelld plicis tribus parvis ; um- bilico marginato ; canali subnullo. Axis 8 lin. Hab. A single specimen only was obtained by the dredge from seven fathoms, sandy mud, in the Gulf of Magdalena, California. CANCELLARIA BICOLOR. Canc. testd retusd, contabulatd, fusco- nigricante ; anfractibus septenis, angulatis, procul costatis ; costis acutis, lineis elevatis distantibus decussatis; aperturd trigond, 49 superne callositate albd ; labro reflexo, intiis sulcato; columelld triplicatd ; umbilico magno. Axis 11 lin. Hab. Straits of Macassar; from ten fathoms, coarse sand. Mr. Cuming obtained specimens at the Island of Corregidor, Bay of Ma- nila, from seven fathoms, also in coarse sand. A banded variety was obtained in the same locality. A nearly allied species is the American shell, C. rigida of Sowerby ; but the present is a larger shell, with sharper distant ribs, crossed at regular distances by slightly elevated lines, and the peritreme is not crenulate. The ribs of C. rigida are nodulous from the crossing lines, which are also disposed to rugosity throughout. In C. bicolor the lines are particularly regular and uniform in their characters. This is one of several species which were obtained both in the Sul- phur and by Mr. Cuming in the Asiatic seas. It is worthy of re- mark, that the specimens from the seas about the Philippines are uncommonly fine, and the use of them permits me to complete my descriptions more fully, and to note with more accuracy their geo- graphical diffusion. CANCELLARIA LAMELLOSA. Canc. testd ovatd, acuminatd, pallidd, contabulatd ; anfractibus senis, ventricosis, lamellis numerosis confertis, crenatis, in loco costarum instructis ; aperturd trigond ; labro incrassato, reflexo ; columella plicis tribus parvis ; umbilico magno ; canali subnullo. Axis 74 lin, Hab. This species has an extensive habitat, being found in several places in the Indian Archipelago and at the Cape of Good Hope. At the latter a single specimen was obtained on the Lagulhas Bank in seventy fathoms; also at Ceylon and in the Straits of Macassar. Mr. Cuming also procured specimens in seven fathoms, coarse sand, at the Island of Corregidor, in the Bay of Manila. , Corresponding to the customary situation of the ribs, this species throws off series of lamelle, two or more in number, which present a sharp, reflected, crenated margin. These are clustered together in very irregular numbers, sometimes there being only two, or perhaps even one ; but as the shell advances in age they are usually crowded together in some numbers, and this remarkable and elegant character will readily distinguish it from any other species. CANCELLARIA ANTIQUATA. Canc. testd ovatd, acuminatd, contabu- latd, albidd ; anfractibus septenis, planulatis, costatis, transverse? striatis ; costis acutis, supern® spinis cavis desinentibus ; apertu- rd trigond; labro reflewo ; columella plicis tribus minimis ; um- bilico maximo. Axis 7 lin. Hab. New Guinea; in twenty-two fathoms, coarse sand. Also ob- tained by Mr. Cuming at the island of Corregidor, Bay of Manila, in seven fathoms, coarse sand. A species nearly allied to the singular C. trigonostoma, having a similar relative situation of the whorls to each other, anda very large umbilicus. This is a smaller shell, with a shorter spire, and sutures less profound. 30 A letter from Mr. J. E. Gray, addressed to the Curator, was read. This letter refers to some species of Bats from Jamaica, which Dr. Richard Parnell had sent to Mr. Gray. Among these, Mr. Gray ob- serves, are some specimens of the genus Macrotis, a genus which he had recently established upon a Bat from Hayti, showing that this form is likewise extended to Jamaica. ‘* The collection also contains a specimen of Arctibeus Jamaicensis, Leach, and some specimens of a new genus, which is very interest- ing, as being a Noctilionine Bat, with an apparent nose-leaf, bearing a much greater resemblance to the Leaf-nosed Bats (Phyllostomina) than even Mormoops, which, when he first described it, Dr, Leach re- ferred to that group. Indeed at first sight I was inclined to regard the new bat as belonging to the Leaf-nosed Bats; but on examination I found that the nostrils, instead of being placed on the leaf-like pro- cess, which is the character of that group, were on the under side of the nose- keel, and quite separate from it. “This genus may for this reason be called Phyllodia, and it is thus characterized :— ‘‘Head moderate; nose rather produced, with a sharp-edged transverse keel, with the nostrils on the lower side of the keel, and an ovate, lanceolate, fleshy process on the middle of the upper surface; chin with a single, transverse, membranaceous fold, surrounding a triangular group of many small warts ; ears lateral ; tragus distinct ; wings long, rather narrow; thumb moderate, lower joint rather shortest ; wing from the upper part of the ankle; interfemoral mem- brane large, truncated ; heel-bone long, strong ; tail enclosed, half as long as the membrane, with the tip above it, and with a vessel from each side of its tip to the hinder margin of the membrane. «These characters show that this genus has much resemblance with Mormoops, and especially Chilonycteris, but it differs from the former in having no transverse membranaceous fold on the face, and from the latter, with which it agrees in having a membranaceous fold across the chin, in having a fleshy, erect, leaf-like expansion on the upper surface of the nose, which is wanting in that genus.” Mr. Gray proposes to name this species after Dr. R. Parnell, so well known for his works on the fishes and grasses of Scotland. Puyxiopia Parnettu. Phyll. auribus magnis, subacutis ; vellere cinerascenti-fusco, pilis ad apicem obscurioribus. The following note on the Spermatozoa of the Camel (Camelus Bactrianus, Linn.), by Mr. Gulliver, was then read :— “In my observations on the Semen and Seminal Tubes of Mam- malia and Birds, published in the Proceedings of the Society, July 26, 1842, I have noticed the form of the spermatozoa of the Dromedary. As I am not aware that the seminal animalcules of the Camel and Dromedary have yet been described, I now exhibit drawings of them to the Society. «* Although the blood-corpuscles of the Camelide have the same form as the blood-corpuscles of oviparous vertebrate animals, it will be observed that the Camel, like the Dromedary, has spermatozoa of the 51 same type as the spermatozoa of other Mammalia, several of which are figured in Professor Wagner’s excellent ‘ Elements of Physiology,’ translated by Dr. Willis, part i. page 11.” Various specimens presented to the Society since the previous Meeting were laid on the table; they consisted of a very valuable collection of insects from the interior of South Africa, presented by the President, the Earl of Derby ; a specimen of a Manis from China, presented by the Honourable Sir Alexander Johnstone; and a series of Insects, Birds’ Eggs, &c., collected at Samsoon and Erzeroom by the Society’s Corresponding Members, E. D. Dickson, Esq., and H. J. Ross, Esq. This last-mentioned collection also contained a spe- cimen of the European Green Woodpecker (Picus viridis of authors), and of the Common Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus, Linn.). Mr. Fraser exhibited a specimen of a Pouched Rat (Cricetomys Gambianus) and various species of Birds which he had procured on the western coast of Africa during the Niger expedition, and read the following notes relating to them :— Cricetomys Gambianus, Wat. Lives in holes in the ground, more abundantly under the storehouses, where of a night they may be heard squeaking and fighting, similar to our common Rat (Mus decu- manus, Linn.); they climb the paw-paw trees and feed on the fruit as it hangs: the cheek-pouches contained paw-paw seeds. Caught in iron gins baited with boiled yam. The natives set great store on this animal, its flesh being considered the greatest delicacy that can be offered at a wedding-feast. Hab. Clarence, Fernando Po. Common. — Neophron niger, Less., Cathartes monachus, 'Temm. Pl. Col. 222. Common in the neighbourhood of Cape Coast Castle, living in the smaller trees near the houses. Hirundo leucosoma, Swains. Jard. Nat. Lib. vol. (Orn.) viii. ; B. of W. Africa, page 74, 1837. Hab. Accra. ~ Very common. Ispida bicincta, Swains. Jard. Nat. Lib. vol. (Orn.) viii.; B. of W. Africa. Common: seen in flocks of six or eight, making a continual chattering noise as they fly ; this species dives into the salt as well as fresh water, sometimes from the height perhaps of twenty feet; I have seen them hover over their scaly prey like a kestril. Hab. Fernando Po and river Niger, as far up as Iddah. Macronyzx flavigaster, Swains. Jard. Nat. Lib. vol. (Orn.) vii. ; B. of W. Africa, p. 215, 1837. Hab. Accra. Ploceus textor, Cuv. Hab. Cape Palmas, Cape Coast and Fernando Po. At each of the above places I found this bird extremely common ; they commit much mischief in the rice and Indian-corn plantations. As many as fifty pairs may be seen building their domed nests in one 52 tree, and in the neighbourhood of houses : they lay from four to five mottled eggs, varying as much in size, colour and markings as do our common Sparrow (Pyrgita domestica, Cuv.) ; they are extremely ac- tive and noisy, continuing fighting and chattering from daybreak to sundown: the nest is composed of coarse grass interwoven, some- times fixed in a forked branch of a tree and at other times suspended. Ploceus brachypterus, Swains. Jard. Nat. Lib. vol. (Orn.) vii.; B. of W. Africa, p. 168. pl. 10, 1837. Hab. Fernando Po. Found in company with P. textor, living in the gardens round Clarence. Irides white. Ploceus personatus, Vieill. Gal. des Ois. pl. 84. Hab. Cape Coast. Euplectes oryx, Swains., Lovia oryz, Vieill. Hab. Cape Coast. Common: frequents the Indian-corn planta- tions. Vidua chrysonota, Swains. Jard. Nat. Lib. vol. (Orn.) vii. ; B. of W. Africa, p. 178, 1837. Hab. Cape Palmas. Vidua erythrorhynchus, Swains. Jard. Nat. Lib. vol. (Orn.) vil. ; B. of W. Africa, p. 176. pl. 12, 1837. Hab. Cape Palmas. Common. Passer simplex, Pyrgita simplex, Swains. Jard. Nat. Lib. vol. (Orn.) vii.; B. of W. Africa, p. 208, 1837. Hab. Cape Coast and Accra. Passer Jagoensis, Gould. Voy. of Beag. (Birds) p. 95. pl. 31. Pyrgita Jagoensis, Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1837, p. 77. Hab. St. Vincent’s and St. Antonio, Cape Verde Islands (June). Lamprotornis chrysonotis, Swains. Jard. Nat. Lib. vol. (Orn.) vil. ; p. 143. pl. 6, 1837. Hab. Fernando Po. Very shy : irides white, bill and legs black, nostrils large and open. Caws somewhat like a crow; makes a burring noise like a parrot when beginning to fly; lives in the loftiest trees. The gizzard con- tained small seeds and red berries. The sexes do not differ. Cuculus rubiculus, Swains. Jard. Nat. Lib. vol. (Orn.) viii. ; B. of W. Africa, p. 181, 1837. Hab. Fernando Po. Very shy: irides red hazel, cere and legs bright yellow, base of both mandibles yellow, mouth red. Zanclostomus flavirostris, Swains. Jard. Nat. Lib. vol. (Orn.) viii. ; B. of W. Africa, p. 183. pl. 19, 1837. Hab. Fernando Po (June). Somewhat like a magpie, jerking and bobbing its tail and making a carr-r-r-r-ring noise as it hops from branch to branch; also a fast runner. A mantis found in the gizzard. Irides red, bill yellow, legs nearly black, cere turquois colour. The sexes do not differ. 53 Centropus Senegalensis, Ill., Swains. Jard. Nat. Lib. vol. (Orn.) viii. ; B. of W. Africa, p. 185. pl. 20, 1837. Hab. Cape Palmas and Accra. Found on or near the ground. Peristera tympanistera, Temm. Hab. Fernando Po (June). A female was killed on the nest, which was composed of small roots, and contained two white eggs; the nest was placed on the broken part of a small tree, about three feet from the ground. Irides hazel, bill and feet reddish plum-colour. Chetopus Adansonii, Swains. Jard. Nat. Lib. vol. (Orn.) viii. ; B of W. Africa, p. 217, 1837. Hab. Central Africa. This specimen was shot nearly opposite Iddah, about two hundred miles up the river Niger (August). Glareola torquata, Temm. Hab. Accra. Rhynchops Orientalis, Riippell, Atl. Zool. pl. 24. Hab. Mouth of the river Nin (August). Mr. Fraser also called attention to two specimens of a species of Manis, which he laid before the Meeting. These, he observed, agreed in their characters with the species described by Mr. Gray in a com- munication read at the Meeting for February 28th of the present year, under the name Manis multiscutata. They were procured by Mr. Fraser at Fernando Po, and upon his return to England he had, upon comparing the specimens on the table with others of the Manis tetradactyla, perceived those differences upon which Mr. Gray founds the M. multiscutata. The animals, judging from their bones, were evidently not adult; the largest measured thirty inches in length, of which the head and body were twelve inches, and the tail eighteen inches. He had kept them alive for about a week at Fernando Po, and allowed them the range of a room, where they fed upon a small black ant, which is very abundant and troublesome in the houses and elsewhere. Even when first procured they displayed little or no fear, but continued to climb about the room without noticing his occasional entrance. They would climb up the somewhat roughly- hewn square posts which supported the building with great facility, and upon reaching the ceiling would return head foremost; some- times they would roll themselves up into a ball and throw themselves down, and apparently without experiencing any inconvenience from the fall, which was in a measure broken upon reaching the ground by the semi-yielding scales, which were thrown into an erect posi- tion by the curve of the body of the animal. In climbing, the tail, with its strongly pointed scales beneath, was used to assist the feet ; and the grasp of the hind feet, assisted by the tail, was so powerful, that the animal would throw the body back (when on the post) ina horizontal position and sway itself to and fro, apparently taking 54 pleasure in this kind of exercise. It always slept with the body rolled up; and when in this position in a corner of the building, owing to the position and strength of the scales and the power of the limbs combined, Mr. Fraser found it impossible to remove the animal against its will, the points of the scales being inserted into every little notch and hollow of the surrounding objects. The eyes are black and very prominent. The colonial name for this species of Manis is Attadillo, and it is called by the Booby, ‘ Gahlah.’ April 25, 1843. No Meeting was held. cr cet May 9, 1843. William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair. Mr. Hinds proceeded with his descriptions of new species of Shells collected during the voyage of Sir Edward Belcher, C.B., and by H. Cuming, Esq., in his late visit to the Philippine Islands: those cha- racterized in the paper read were laid on the table. ' Genus Corsuta, Bruguiére. Corsuia crassa. Corb. testd solidd, incrassatd, elevatd, albidd, inequilaterali, latere antico paululiim superante, longitudinaliter sulcatd, anticé rotundatd, postice ad extremitatem truncata, ab um- bone ad marginem posticam biangulatd ; valvarum margine ventrali inclausd, gibbosissimd, sinistre postice denticulatd ; umbonibus obliquis, posticis ; intis fuscd. Long. 11; lat. 7; alt. 7 lin. Hab. Straits of Macassar ; Straits of Malacca; Sabonga, island of Zebu; Bais, island of Negros, Philippines. Obtained in from seven to thirty fathoms, on a floor of coarse sand or gravel. Cab. Belcher et Cuming. Remarkable for the preponderance of the bulk of the anterior half over the posterior, a circumstance which also occurs in C. bicarinata. This, however, depends in some measure on the age, and is thus most conspicuous in those specimens which may be considered as beyond adult age. Corsuta TunicaTa. Corb. testd ovato-trigond, obliqud, anticé ro- tundatd, postice nasutd, excavatd, ab umbonibus angulatd ; valvis inequalibus, dextréd precipue maxima, valde sulcatd, epidermide tenui corned indutd, sinistrad prope umbonem sulcatd, aliter epi- dermide densd induté ; umbonibus obliquis posticis ; intis fusca. Long. 12; lat. 7; alt. 9 lin. Hab. Island of Corregidor, Bay of Manila; in seven fathoms, coarse sand. Straits of Macassar; Lagulhas Bank, Cape of Good Hope: from seventy fathoms, on a gravelly bottom. Cab. Belcher et Cuming. CorsuLa cunEaTa. Corb. testd ovato-trigond, equilaterali, solida, complanatd, sulcatd, antice rotundatd, postice angulatd ; valvis subequalibus, marginibus ventralibus gibbosis inclausis ; umbonibus rectis ; intus purpurascente. Long. 7; lat. 3; alt. 5 lin. Hab. Catbalonga, Philippine Islands; from ten fathoms, soft mud. Lagulhas Bank, Cape of Good Hope; from seventy fathoms. Cab. Belcher et Cuming. Corzsuta PpALLipa. Corb. testd ovatd, tenui, elevatiusculd, sulcatd, No. CXXIV.—ProckeEpines or THE ZOOL. Soc. 6 56 antice rotundata, postice ab umbonibus ad marginem posticam an- gulata, value dextre margine ventrali acutd, inflerd ; umbonibus levigatis, rectis ; intts prope cardinem rosed. Long. 74; lat. 3; alt. 5 lin. Hab. r Cab. Cuming. CorsuLa simitis. Corb. testd ovatd, solidd, sulcatd, antice ele- vatiusculd, rotundatd, postice ad marginem posticam oblique trun- catd, ab umbonibus angulatd ; valvis inequalibus, dextrd margine ventrali subacutd, productd ; umbonibus subobliquis ; intis rosed, dente valv@ sinistre bifido. Long. 6; lat. 8; alt. 4 lin. Hab. Island of Corregidor, Bay of Manila; in seven fathoms, coarse sand. Cab. Cuming. CorsuLa scaPHorpEs. Corb. testd oblongd, ordinate sulcatd, in- terstitiis levissime striatis, antice rotundatd, postice elongatd, ad extremitatem oblique truncatd, ab umbonibus subcarinatd ; valve dextre margine ventrali acuta, productd ; umbonibus rectis. Long. 6; lat. 24; alt. 34 lin. Hab. Singapore; from seven fathoms, sandy mud. Bais, island of Negros, Philippines. Cab. Cuming. Corsuxa FraciLis. Corb. testd ovatd, tenui, albidd, striatd, striis transversis minutissimé reticulata, anticé subproductd, rotundatd, postice elongatd, ab umbonibus subrotundatd ; valve dextre mar- gine ventrali acutd, productd ; umbonibus rectis, levigatis, equali- bus. Long. 7; lat. 3; alt. 4 lin. Hab. West coast of Veragua; from eighteen fathoms, mud. Cab. Belcher. CorsBuLa atBucinosa. Corb. testd retuso-ovatd, tenui, antice ro- tundatd, postice subelongatd, rotundatd ; valvis valdé disparibus, dextrd longitrorsum striatd, pallida, margine ventrali productd, acutd, sinistrd levigatd, lineis elevatis radiantibus, epidermide Suscd indutd ; umbonibus albidis, nitidis, inequalibus. Long. 44; lat. 2; alt. 33 lin. Hab. New Guinea; Straits of Macassar: from seven to twenty- two fathoms, mud and coarse sand. Cab. Belcher. CorpuLa rotaLis. Corb. testd oblongd, corned, antice rotunduatd, postice subnasutd ; valvis valde disparibus, dextré precipue maxi- md, rotundatd, sulcatd, margine ventrali productd, acutd, sinistrd parvd, lineis decenis elevatis radiantibus ; umbonibus valde inequa- libus, subobliquis, anticis. Long. 23; lat. 14; alt. 14 lin. Hab. Calapan, Mindora, Philippine Islands ; from fifteen fathoms, coarse sand. Cab. Cuming. Several species of Corbula are provided with elevated lines radia- 57 ting from the umbo of the left valve towards the ventral margin, but none have them in such numbers, or so distinctly marked, as in the present small species. Here they are about ten in number, and with the great disparity of the valves, will readily distinguish the species. Corsuta routa. Corb. testa. oblongd, ventricosd, tenui, albidd, obsoleté sulcatd, antic rotundatd, postice ab umbonibus subangu- laté ; valvis feré equalibus, dextre margine ventrali acutd, sub- producta ; umbonibus @qualibus, levigatis, rectis. Long. 34; lat. 2; alt. 24 lin. Hab. Sorsogon, province of Albay, Luzon, Philippine Islands. Cab. Cuming. Corsuta quaprata. Corb. testd quadratd, albidd, tenui, levigatd, antice rotundato-truncatd, postice rotundato-angulata, abbreviatd ; valvarum marginibus ventralibus tenuibus ; umbonibus obliquis, an- ticis ; dentibus parvis, gracilibus. Long. 6; lat. ; alt. 5 lin. Hab. ? Cab. Metcalfe. Corsuta opgsa. Corb. testd ovata, tenui, ventricosd, pallida, striatd, anticé rotundatd, posiice ad extremitatem truncata, ab umbonibus acute angulatd ; valvarum marginibus ventralibus inclausis, gib- bosis ; umbonibus rectis, levigatis. Long. 3; lat. 2; alt. 2 lin. Hab. The west coast of America, between 8° 57! and 21° 32! north latitude, in from twenty-two to thirty-three fathoms, mud; namely, Panama, coast of Veragua, and San Blas. Cab. Belcher. Corsuna speciosa. Corb. testd ovato-trigond, antice rotundatd, postice excavate angulatd, albidd, sanguinea, dense multiradiatd ; valvis valde inequalibus, marginibus ventralibus inclausis, dextrd rotundatd, sulcatd, sinistrd subplanulatd, striatd; umbonibus rectis, subplanulatis ; intds albidd. Long. 9; lat. 5; alt. 7 lin. C. radiata, Sowerby, Proc. Zool. Society, p. 36, 1833. Hab. Panama; from six fathoms, mud. Gulf of Nicoya, Central America. Cab. Belcher et Cuming. This shell has been described as C. radiata, Sow., a name pre- viously assigned by M. Deshayes to a fossil species. The description also was drawn up from such an indifferent shell, that it was almost by accident I discovered it was to apply to my specimens. I have therefore been under the necessity of recording a new description. CorsuLa mopEsTa. Corb. testd ovato-trigond, complanatd, pal- lidd, radiata, profunde sulcatd, antice rotundatd, postice ad extre- mitatem truncatd, ab umbonibus angulatd ; valvarum marginibus ventralibus inclausis; umbonibus parvis, subequalibus, roseis ; *intis rosed. Long. 7; lat. 34; alt. 5 lin. Hab. Straits of Macassar ; from seven fathoms, coarse sand. Ticao, Philippine Islands ; from eight fathoms, sandy mud. The Macassar specimens are of a dwarf size. Cab. Belcher et Cuming. 58 CorsuLa souipuLa. Corb. testd parvd, ovatd, subtrigond, soliduld, elevatiusculd, equilaterali, sulcatd ; antice rotundatd, postice an- gulatd ; valvarum marginibus ventralibus inclausis, gibbosis ; um- bonibus rectis, levigatis. Long. 2; lat. 1 ; alt. 14 lin. Hab. Straits of Macassar ; from seven fathoms, coarse sand. Bais, island of Negros, Philippines. Cab. Belcher et Cuming. CorspuLa MARMORATA. Corb. testd parvd, oblonga, soliduld, levi- gatd, marmoratd, antice rotundatd, postice subangulata ; valvarum marginibus ventralibus inclausis ; umbonibus obliquis, anticis ; ante umbones sanguineo maculatd. Long. 2; lat. 1; alt. 14 lin. Hab. West coast of Veragua; from twenty-six fathoms, mud. Cab. Belcher. CorBuLA EBURNEA. Corb. testd parvd, ovatd, subtrigond, eburned, soliduld, complanatd, levigatd, obsolete sulcatd ; margine ventrali gibbosd ; umbonibus parvis, subrectis, nitidis ; inttis corned, Long. 2; lat. 1; alt. 14 lin. Hab. North coast of New Guinea; Camaguing and Bohul, Phi- lippine Islands : from seven to sixty fathoms, coarse sand and mud. Cab. Belcher et Cuming. This shell closely approaches C. solidula, but is distinguished by its somewhat more triangular shape, polished, ivory-like, flattened valves, and the slightly sulcate sculpture. Corsuta moniLis. Corb. testd minutd, globosd, pallidd, striulatd ; valvis valde inequalibus, dextrd multd maximd, postice elongatd, margine ventrali acutd, productd; umbonibus rectis, levigatis. Long. 1; lat. 2; alt. 2 In. Hab. Sual, Luzon, Philippine Islands ; from five to seven fathoms, sandy mud. Cab. Cuming. A small globose species remarkable for the inequality of the valves, the left being sunk into the right. The latter valve is also distin- guished by the posterior nasute elongation. Corsuta FasciaTa. Corb. testd ovatd, subtrigond, levigatd, pallidd, atro-fusco trifasciatd, antice productd, rotundatd, postice elongatd, ab umbonibus arcuate angulatd ; valvarum marginibus ventralibus acutis, convexis, dextre productd ; umbonibus rectis, suberosis. Long. 64 ; lat. 23; alt. 4 lin. Var. Testd pallidd, postice subproductiori. Hab. St. Juan, province of Ilocos, and Agoo, province of Panga- sinan, Luzon, Philippine Islands. Cab. Cuming. CorsuLa TRIGoNa. Corb. testd trigond, levigatd, pallidd, fuscd, vel obsolet? unifasciatd, antice rotundatd, postice abbreviatt, ab umbonibus angulatd ; valve dextre margine ventrali acutd, pro- ductd ; umbonibus rectis. Long. 43; lat. 2; alt. 4 lin. Hab. Senegal. Cab. Cuming et Metcalfe. 59 Corsuta Lavis. Corb. testd ovali, equilaterali, pallidd, tenui, le- vigatd, complanatd ; valve dextre margine ventrali acutd, pro- ductd ; umbonibus rectis, suberosis. Long. 6; lat. 25; alt. 4 lin: Hab. Hong-Kong, China. Cab. Belcher et Cuming. Both valves are flattened towards their ventral margins in a very characteristic manner. CorsuLa rasa. Corb. testd ovali, subequilaterali, elevatiusculd, tenui, levigatd, pallide fusco trifasciatd, postice ab umbonibus angulatd ; valve dextre margine ventrali acutd, productd ; um- bonibus rectis, fragmentis epidermide tenui indutd. Long. 5; lat. 12; alt. 22 lin. Hab. St. Miguel, east coast of Luzon, Philippine Islands. Ob- tained in the mud at low water. Cab. Cuming. It is very probable that the four species last described affect situ- ations where the water is brackish rather than salt ; and though they retain the hinge of Corbula, in general character they materially differ from the more typical forms of the genus. Poramomya, J. Sowerby. PoramMomya nimBosa. Pot. testd ovato-trigond, levigatd, antice rotundatd, postice productd, angulatd ; valvis inequalibus, margine ventrali acutd; umbonibus subequalibus ; epidermide tenui, tene- brosd, indutd, lineis capillaribus radiantibus ; intis albidd. Long. 17; lat. 8; alt. 11 lin. Sowerby’s Conch. Manual, f. 498, 499. Hab. The tributary streams of the Rio de la Plata, in the mud. Cab. Cuming. Poramomya ocrEATA. Pot. testd valde inequilaterali, antice abbre- viatd, rotundatd, postice productd, subnasutd, ab umbone ad mar- ginem posticam angulatd ; valvd dextrd rotundatd, margine ven- trali antice productd, acutd ; epidermide fusca indutd ; intts albidd vel cerulescente. Long. 13; lat. 6; alt. 8 lin. Hab. Brazil. From freshwater streams. Cab. Cuming et Metcalfe. The younger specimens are much less inequilateral than the old. The following descriptions of new species of Shells belonging to the genus Cyclostoma, by Mr. G. B. Sowerby, were then read. CycLostoma PusiLLum, nob., Thes. Conch. part 3. pl. 23. f. 55*. Cycl. testd orbiculari, subdiscoided ; apice spire subprominulo ; anfractibus quatuor, rotundatis, lineis incrementi solitm striatis ; ’ suturd profundd ; aperturd circulari, peritremate tenuiusculo, sub- reflero, postice prope anfractum ultimum subemarginato ; umbilico patulo ; operculo multispiral, extiis concavo, margine canaliculato, intis nitido. 60 Var. a. Found at the roots of shrubs and trees at Calauang, isle of Luzon, by H. Cuming. Var. 6. Found under decayed leaves in the isle of Negros, by H. Cuming. CycLostoma RUFESCcENS, nob., Thes. Conch. part 3. pl. 24. f. 36, 37. Cycl. testd suborbiculari, rufescente, spird brevi, anfractibus guatuor, rotundatis, spiraliter costellatis et striatis, costellis crenulatis; suturd profundd ; aperturd circulari, peritremate tenui ; umbilico magno. There are two varieties of this species, one of a dark red colour, the other almost white. They were communicated by Mr. Powis, from Martinique. CycLostoMa PLEBEIUM, nob., Thes. Conch. part 3. pl. 24. f. 40. Cycl. testd subglobosd, tenui, obscurd, subfuscd, spird breviusculd ; anfractibus quatuor, rotundatis, rapide crescentibus, apice obtusi- usculo ; suturd distinctd ; apertura magnd, circulari, peritremate , tenui; umbilico parvulo ; operculo multispirali, extis albicante, maculd centrali, depressd, margine canaliculato, intis nitido. Found in the earth under decayed leaves at Calauang, in the pro- vince of Laguna, isle of Luzon, by H. Cuming. Cyciostoma spurcum, nob., Thes. Conch. part 3. pl. 24. f. 75, 76. Cycl. testd suborbiculari, rufescente-fuscd, spird prominuld ; an- fractibus quatuor, rotundatis, albicante-subvariegatis, spiraliter striatis et subcarinatis, suturd distinctd, subcrenulatd ; aperturd circulari, peritremate albo, tenui, subreflexo ; umbilico parvo ; operculo crassiusculo, anfractibus quinis. From the Seychelle Islands. In Mr. Cuming’s collection. Cyctostoma Crncrnnus, nob., Thes. Conch. part 3. pl. 24. f. 77, 78. Cycl. testd suborbiculari, subturritd, tenui, albidd, interdim Fusco-unifasciatd ; anfractibus quinis, rotundatis, postice spiralitér sulcatis, sulcis subdistantibus, antice spiralitér striatis ; suturdé distinctd ; apertura circulari, peritremate tenui, versus umbilicum parvum subreflexo, apice obtusiusculo. Locality not known. In Mr. Cuming’s collection. CycLostoma NiTIDUM, nob., Thes. Conch. part 3. pl. 29. f. 225, 226, 227. Cycl. testd globoso-comicd, tenui, pellucida, levi, alba, interdiim fusco-variegatd, spird acuminatd, anfractibus quinis, rotundatis, ultimo maximo, ventricoso, aperturd circulari, peritre- mate reflexo, latere columellari subsinuato ; suturd distinctd ; um- bilico parvo ; operculo tenui, corneo, spirali. Var. a. Shell pale, closely dotted with brown; on leaves of bushes in the isle of Guimaras. Var. 6. Shell pale, with brown dots and bands; from the same locality as a. Var. c, Shell white ; same locality as a, and on leaves of trees at Sibonga. Var. d. Shell pale ; found at Cabanatuan. 61 Var. e. Shell pale, with brown streaks and dots; from the island of Guimaras. CycLostoma concinnuM, nob., Thes. Conch. part 3. pl. 29. f. 223, 224. Cycl. testé globoso-conicd, tenui, pellucidd, levi, albidd, viridi-fusco spiraliter lineatd, spird acuminatd, anfrdactibus quinis, rotundatis, ultimo maximo, ventricoso ; apertura circulari, peri- tremate reflexo, latere columellari subsinuato ; suturd distinctd ; umbilico parvo ; operculo tenui, corneo, spirali. Several varieties of this very pretty species have been brought by Mr. Cuming from the Philippine Islands ; they are as follows :-— Var. a. Shell with numerous brownish spiral lines. On leaves of trees at Jacna, isle of Bohol. Var. 6. Shell white, opake, with hyaline spiral lines and a brown band in front. Found on leaves of bushes at Misamis, island of Mindanao. Var. c. Shell like var. , but without the brown band. On leaves of trees, island of Camaguing. Var. d. Shell with broader brownish spiral lines. Found on leaves of bushes at Loon, island of Bohol. Var. e. With the spiral brownish bands subinterrupted. Found at Marabojoc, island of Bohol, on leaves of trees. Var. f. Shell pale brown, covered with a thin epidermis with his- pid spiral lines. Found on leaves of bushes at Loboe, island of Bohol. Cyctostoma aquitum, nob., Thes. Conch. part 3. pl. 27. f. 131. Cycl. testa suborbiculari, subdepressd, tenuiusculd, levi, fulves- cente-fusco, nonnunquam cingulo pallescente mediano ; spird brevi, acuminatiusculd, anfractibus quinis, subplanulatis, primis paulu- lim carinatis, ultimo maximo, rotundato ; aperturd circulari, ex- pansd, albicante vel fulvescente, peritremate subincrassato, reflexo, supra anfractum ultimum interrupto, latere umbilicali subsinuato ; umbilico magno. Found in the woods at Singapore under decayed leaves, by H. Cuming. CycLosToMA IRRoRATUM, nob., Thes. Conch. part 3. pl. 27. f. 134, 135. Cyel. testé subgloboso-conicd, tenui, levi, pallescente, fusco- irroratd, plerumque cingulo mediano nigricante ; spird elevatius- culd, apice nigricante, obtuso ; anfractibus quinis, ventricosis, primim subcarinatis, deinde rotundatis ; suturd tenui; aperturd fere circulari, postice obsoleté subacuminatd, anfractu ultimo tenui- ter modificato, peritremate crassiusculo, rotundato-reflexo ; um- bilico mediocri. Numerous specimens of this species have been imported from China within the last few years. CycLosToMA suBSTRIATUM, nob., Thes. Conch. part 3. pl. 25. f. 95. Cycl. testd suborbiculari, depressd, crassiusculd, leviusculd, fus- cescente, spird brevissimd, submucronatd ; anfractibus quatuor, rotundatis, postice transversim striatis, striis ex suturd profundd radiantibus, antice levibus ; aperturd circulari, peritremate subin- 62 erassato, subreflexo ; umbilico lato ; operculo multispirali, latere canaliculato, intis nitido. Found in earth under decayed leaves in the island of Siquijod, by H. Cuming. CycLosToMma sEMIsuLcATUM, nob.,'Thes. Conch. part 3. pl.25. f.99. Cycl. testd suborbiculari, depressiusculd, tenuiusculd, albicante, fascid angusté mediand, fusco-nigricante, postice plerumque brun- neo-variegata ; spird brevi, anfractibus quinque, postice spiraliter sulcatis, sulcis distantibus, anticé leviter striatis vel levibus ; su- turd distinctd ; aperturd fere circulari, peritremate incrassato, subreflexo, posticé angulifero ; umbilico lato, intis spiraliter stri- ato ; operculo corneo, crassiusculo, extis sublamelloso, intis levi. Cyciostoma Panayensg, nob., Thes. Conch. part 3. pl. 30. f. 239. Cycl. testa globoso-conicd, tenuissimd, pellucida, levi, fuscescente, spird brevi, obtusiusculd, anfractibus quinque, spiraliter et distan- ter substriatis, rotundatis, ultimo antice ad peripheriam carina obsoletd munito ; aperturd magnd, fere circulari, peritremate lato, reflexo, ad ultimum anfractum tnterrupto, margine interno albo, externo fusco ; umbilico parvo ; operculo tenui, anfractibus 5—6. Found on leaves of buslies in the island of Panay and in the moun- tains of Basey, island of Samar, by H. Cuming. CycLosToMA LUTEOSTOMA, nob., Thes. Conch. part 3. pl. 30. f. 228, 229. Cycl. testé globoso-conicd, tenui, pellucida, albidd, epider- mide tenui, corned indutd ; spird acuminata ; anfractibus quinque, rotundatis, ultimo magno, ventricoso ; apertura subcirculari, peri- tremate refleco, aurantiaco, latere columellari subsinuato, prope ultimum anfractum interrupto ; suturd distinctd ; umbilico parvo ; operculo tenui corneo, multispirali. On leaves of bushes in the island of Guimaras. Cyciostoma insienz, nob., Thes. Conch. part 3. pl. 30. f. 232. Cycl. testd subglobosd, subconoided, pretenui, corned, pellucida, viridescente fuscd, spird acuminatiusculd ; anfractibus quinque, primis rotundatis, levibus, duabus ultimis tenerrim2 transversim striatis, margine acute carinato, postice subplanulatis, 5- ad 7- carinatis, ultimo maximo, ante carinam subobsoleté 2- vel 3-cari- natis ; aperturd magnd, subcirculari, peritremate tenui, reflexo, intiis albo, ultimo anfractu modificato ; umbilico exiguo; operculo : tenui, corneo. Found on leaves of trees at Calapan, island of Mindoro, by H. Cuming. Cyctosroma Fisuta, Thes. Conch. part 3. pl. 30. f. 240, 241, 242. Cycl. testd suborbiculari, conicd, tenui, cinerascente-fuscd vel al- bidd, nonnunquam fusco angulatim strigatd, spird acuminatiusculd, anfractibus 5-6, levibus, lineis spiralibus nonnullis elevatiusculis, ultimd magnd, antice obtuse carinatd, ante peripheriam subplanu- latd ; aperturd subobliqud, rotundato-subquadratd, peritremate re- flewo, supra ultimum anfractum late interrupto, latere umbilicali 63 rotundato revoluto ; umbilico parvo, angusto ; operculo tenui, cor- neo, anfractibus 6-7. Several varieties of this species were brought from the Philippine Islands by Mr. Cuming ; they are as follows :— Var. a. Shell greyish red. Found on leaves of trees at St. Juan, in the province of Cagayan, island of Luzon. Var. b. Shell white, with angular brown stripes. Same locality as a. Var. c. Shell white, with very delicate brownish streaks. Same locality as a. Var. d. Shell larger; white. Found upon palm-leaves near Cata- naun, in the province of Tayabas, island of Luzon. Var. e. Shell small; white. On leaves of trees at Lallo, in the province of Cagayan. Cyciostoma L&vE, Gray ; C. immaculatum, Chemnitz. Of this species Mr. Cuming has collected the following varieties, viz. Var. a. Shell white, with an obsolete keel. Found on leaves of trees at Bulinao, province of Zambales. Var. 6. Shell whitish, covered with small brown streaks and dots. Same locality as a. Var. c. Shell white, with a brown band in front. Same locality as a. Var. d. Shell of a pale colour, with a brown circumferential band. Found on leaves of bushes at Sinait, in the province of South Ilocos, island of Luzon. Var. e. Shell pale, with strongly marked irregular stripes of brown. Same locality as a. CycLosToMA PERPLEXUM, nob., Thes. Conch. part 3. pl. 30. f. 243, 244. Cycl. testd suborbiculari, subconicd, tenui, albidd, pallide fusco varie nubeculatd, spird brevi, anfractibus quinque, subrotun- datis, levibus, ultimo ad peripheriam subcarinato, postice lineis levatiusculis distantibus nonnullis munito ; suturd indistinctd ; aper- turd subcirculari, peritremate crassiusculo, reflexo, ad ultimum an- Sractum interrupto, latere umbilicali revoluto ; umbilico mediocri. Found on bushes at Abulug, isle of Luzon, by Mr. Cuming. CycLosroma MucronattM, nob., Thes. Conch. part 3, pl.25. f.91. Cycl. testd suborbiculari, depressd, pallescente-fuscd, tenui, spird brevi, mucronatd ; anfractibus quatuor, rapide crescentibus, rotun- datis, tenerrime transversim striatis ; suturd validd ; aperturd cir- culari, peritremate duplici, externo lato, subreflexo, interno angusto, lineari ; umbilico lato ; operculo multispirali, suturd anfractuum lamellosd, margine canaliculato, intis nitido. Found by Mr. Cuming under decayed leaves at Calauang in Luzon. Cyciostoma FULVESCENS, nob., Thes. Conch. part 3. pl. 25. f. 79, 80. Cycl. testd globoso-conicd, tenuiusculd, pallidé brunned, spird subacuminatd, anfractibus quinque, rotundatis, confertim spiraliter striatis, ultimo maximo ; aperturd fere circulari, peritremate tenui ; suturd distinctd ; umbilico parvo. From Madagascar. Sent to Mr. Cuming by Mr. Petit. 64 CycLosTtoma LINGULATUM, nob., Thes. Conch. part 3. pl. 30. f. 208, 209, 210. Cycl. testd suborbiculari, subdepresso-conoided, tenuius- culd, levigatd, pallidé fusco varie maculatd, vel radiatim strigatd, spird brevi, subacuminatd, upice obtusiusculo ; suturd subincon- spicud ; anfractibus 45, ventricosiusculis, plerumque acutimargi- natis, nonnunquam margine ultimi rotundato ; aperturd circulari, peritremate pallido, plerumque duplici, interno lineari, externo latiori, reflexo, supra umbilicum plus minusve late extenso ; umbilico mediocri ; operculo corneo, tenui, multispirali. Var. a. Distinctly keeled, dark brown, white-spotted near the suture and at the circumference. Found on leaves of bushes in the island of Siquijod. Var. 6. Of a pale colour, variously mottled with dark brown. Found in the same locality as var. a. Var. c. Of a dark brown colour, with angular radiating white stripes. Found on leaves of bushes at Daleguete, in the island of Zebu. Var. d. Strongly keeled, with dark brown marks radiating from the suture, and speckled with brown. Also from Daleguete. Var. e. Last volution rounded. Found on leaves of bushes at Sibonga, in the island of Zebu. Var. f. Last volution rounded, colour very pale, variously mottled and speckled with brown. Found on leaves of bushes at Loboc, island of Bohol. Var. g. Of a very dark colour, variously mottled, and with the ligulate appendage of the lip very small. Found on leaves of bushes at Argao, in the island of Zebu. Var. h. Of a paler colour, but in other respects like g. Found on leaves of bushes at Loboc. CycLosToMA ATRICAPILLUM, nob., Thes. Conch. part 3. pl. 30. f. 230, 231. Cycl. testé globoso-pyramidali, tenui, nitiduld, albi- cante, varie fusco-strigatd, apice nigro, anfractibus 5, subrotunda- tis, plus minusve obsolete spiraliter carinatis ; suturd distinctd ; aperturd rotundatd, superne subacuminatd, peritremate acuto, re- flexo, latere umbilicali subsinuato, ultimi anfractus interrupto ; umbilico parvo ; operculo corneo, tenui. Mr. Cuming has brought the following varieties, viz. :— Var. a. Nearly white, mottled variously with pale brown. Found on leaves of trees and bushes at Puerto-galero, isle of Mindoro. Var. 6. Of a brown colour, with pale mottlings. From the same locality as a. Var. c. Of a pale colour mottled with dark brown, and a dark and light brown articulated band in front of the suture. Same locality as a. Var. d. Of a pale colour, with dark brown irregular stripes radi- ating from the suture ; paler in front. Same locality as a. Var. e. White, with similar radiating dark brown stripes; keel white ; brown stripes continued over the front. Found on leaves of trees and bushes at Calapan, island of Mindoro. CyYcLosTOMA GONIOSTOMA, nob., Thes. Conch. part 3. pl. 30. f. 223, 65 224. Cycl. testd suborbiculari, conoided, margine carinato, tenui, subpellucidd, levi, albidd, fusco varie strigatd, spird acuminatd, apice nigricante, obtusiusculd ; anfractibus 54, planulatis, ultimo subventricoso, obsolete bi-vel tricarinatis, margine acuto, antice subplanulato ; aperturd rotundato-subtrigond, antice subrotundatd, postice extiisque angulatd, peritremate tenui, angusto, reflewo ; wm- bilico parvo. The two following varieties were found by Mr. Cuming at Caga- yan, in the province of Misamis, island of Mindanao :— Var. a. Of a pale colour, with dark brown stripes. Var. 6. Of an uniform dun colour. Cyciosroma AcuMINATUM, nob., Thes. Conch. part 3. pl. 30. £.235. Cycl. testd subglobosd, pyramidali, tenui, levi, pellucidd, albicante, spird acuminatd, apice obtusiusculo, fuscescente, anfractibus sex, rotundatis, substriatis, ultimo magno, carind ad peripheriam ob- soletiusculd munito, ante carinam planulatiusculo ; aperturd subcir- culari, postice subacuminatd, peritremate tenui, reflexo, ad ultimum anfractum interrupto, latere umbilicali subsinuato ; umbilico parvo. Found by Mr. Cuming on leaves of trees at St. Juan, isle of Luzon. Cyciosroma minus, nob., Thes. Conch. part 3. pl. 30. f. 249. Cycl. testd ovato-oblongd, cylindraced, tenut, hyalina, levi, nitidd, spird obtusd, apice quasi truncato ; anfractibus 4 ad 5, ventri- cosis, primis 2 ad 3 minimis, transversim costellatis ; aperturd circulari, peritremate reflexo ; umbilico nullo. Found under decayed leaves in the mountains of Igbaras, province of Ilo Ilo, island of Panay, by Mr. Cuming. Cyciosroma cri1aTuM, nob., Thes. Conch. part 3. pl.30. £237,238. Cycl. testd suborbiculari, conoided, tenuiusculd, levigatd, fulves- cente, fusco radiatim strigatd, spird brevi, submucronatd ; apice acuminatiusculo ; anfractibus quinque, subrotundatis, ultimo magno, margine carinato (carind epidermide ciliatd) ; aperturd circulari, peritremate reflexo, postice emarginato ; umbilico magno ; operculo tenui, corneo, multispirali. Found under stones at Mount Isarog, in the province of South Camarinas, island of Luzon. Cyctosroma Hettcorpes, nob., Thes. Conch. part 3. pl. 30. f. 245, 246. Cycl. testd suborbiculari, conoidali, crassiusculd, spiraliter striatd, fulvescente, fusco radiatim strigatd ; spird brevi, acumina- tiusculd, anfractibus 5 ad 6, rotundatis, antice levibus, postice spi- raliter striatis, obsolete 4- ad 5-carinatis, carinis duabus posticis epidermide ciliatis ; aperturd circulari, peritremate duplici, albi- cante, postic? emarginato, interno tenui, levatiusculo, externo an- gusto, reflexo ; umbilico majusculo ; operculo tenui, corneo, multi- spirali. Var. a. Dark-coloured. Found under decayed leaves at Gindul- man, in the island of Bohol. Var. 6. Pale. Found under decayed leaves at Jacna, island of Bohol. 66 CycLiostoma PARvuM, nob., Thes. Conch. part 3. pl. 31. f. 254, 255. Cycl. testd subcrbiculari, depresso-conoided, tenui, levigatd, fulvescente, radiatim fusco strigatd, spird brevi, submucronatd, anfractibus quinque, rotundatis, tenerrime spiraliter striatis, obso- letissime 4—5-carinatis ; aperturd circulari, peritremate simplici, postice subemarginato ; umbilico magno ; operculo corneo, crasso. Var. a. Found under decayed leaves at Daleguete, island of Zebu. Var. 6. Found under decayed leaves at Dingle, isle of Panay. Cyctostoma macutosvum, Thes. Conch. part 3. pl. 31. f. 256, 257. Cycl. testd suborbiculari, depressd, crassiusculd, levi, castaned, albido-maculosd, spird paululiim levatd, apice nigricante ; anfrac- tibus 4, rotundatis, obsoleté spiraliter striatis ; apertura subcircu- lari, peritremate subincrassato, subreflexo, postice acuminatiusculo ; umbilico maximo, spiraliter castaneo lineato. In Mr. Cuming’s collection. Mr. Gulliver then communicated his notes on the blood-corpus- cles of the Stanley Musk Deer. «« Since my observations* have shown that the blood-discs of the Napu Musk Deer (Moschus Javanicus, Pallas) are minuter than those hitherto described of any other mammal, the size of the red particles of other allied species has become an interesting question. ««The following measurements which I have lately made of the blood-discs of the Stanley Musk Deer (Moschus Stanleyanus, Gray) are expressed in vulgar fractions of an English inch :— ago \ Common sizes 1-10664 : 1-16000 Small size. 1- 8000 Large size. 1-10825 Average. “Hence the corpuscles of this animal are nearly as minute as those of the Napu Musk Deer and smaller than those of the Ibex and of the Goat, as may be seen by a reference to the comparative measure- ments given of the corpuscles of the three last-named animals in my paper on the blood-corpuscles of the Ibex, published in the Proceed- ings of this Society, August 9, 1842.” Various species of Bats from the Philippine Islands, collected by Hugh Cuming, Esq., Corresponding Member, were placed on the table, and Mr. Waterhouse read his notes relating to them. He ob- served that the specimens exhibited formed part only of the extensive series brought home, and that he should lay the remaining portion before the Society on a future occasion. Of the genus Pteropus, as now restricted, Mr. Cuming’s collection * Trans. Roy. Med. Ch. Soc. v. 23; Dublin Med. Press, Nov. 27, 1839; Froriep’s Notizen, No. 268; Valentin’s Repertorium, 1840; Appendix to Gerber’s Anat., pp. 5 and 44. 67 contained two species: one is undoubtedly the Pteropus jubatus of Eschscholtz; the other is perhaps new. It is rather less than the Pteropus Edwardsii, and does not agree precisely with any of the descriptions given by Temminck in his ‘ Monographies. The head is rusty yellow, slightly tinted with brownish on the muzzle and around the eye; the back of the neck, down to the shoulder, is of a beautiful golden rust-colour; the hair here is loose, but from the shoulder downwards the hair is of a harsher nature, closely applied to the body, and is of a very deep brown hue, but somewhat tinted with rust-colour near the thigh; the throat is of a deep chocolate-brown colour, and the under parts of the body are of a bright rust tint, ex- cepting at the sides, where a dusky hue prevails; the hair on the humerus and on the under side of the membrane is nearly black. The interfemoral membrane is very narrow and much hidden by the fur. The principal dimensions are— in. lin Total length ........-- eee eee ss eeenes 9 6 Expanse of the wings ....-.eee+-+-2+ee 32 0 From the tip of the muzzle to the ear ...... 2 2 Length of ear... 6... cece eect eee ee eee 0 10 Depth of interfemoral membrane about .... 0 6 The collection contains but one specimen of this species, and that is preserved in spirit ; I will not venture therefore to apply a specific name, having such imperfect materials. Of the genus Pachysoma the collection contains three species— P. amplexicaudatum (Geoff.), P. titthecheilum (Temm.), and the P. brevicaudatum (Is. Geoff.). Macroglossus minimus (Pteropus minimus, Geoff.).—Of this species I find three specimens in the present collection. In all, the mem- branes of the wings, &c. are of a rich reddish brown colour. Genus Rhinolophus.—Four species of this genus were brought home by Mr. Cuming. The first and largest species, I can feel no doubt, having examined its skull in combination with the external characters, is the R. nobilis, Horsf. The second I have pretty clearly identified with the R. bicolor of Temminck, and the other two are, I believe, undescribed. Their characters may be thus expressed :— Rurvnotoruus premaus. Rhin. prosthemate superiore semicircu- lari ; corpore supra nigricante ( pilis ad basin albescentibus), subtis cinerescente ; auribus acutis ad latus exterius distinct? emarginatis. unc. lin, Longitudo ab apice rostri ad caude basin.... 1 5 CURE i ak)... Sane eee sat LOE: GUIANA CMS os nls ays a pak ea ata at O 44 LAD IICIIN «ig ison, soz) sasiniens etiey a: 1 52 ALT UTE CRB DUU DO i 5) 4.058 so, ophdinep eR aieY i ¢ 8 6 This small species is almost of an uniform sooty colour (as seen in spirit), but the under parts are inclining to grey; and the fur on the back, though blackish externally, is nearly white next the skin; the hair on the lips and chin is white. The membranous appendages 68 of the nose are of considerable extent, and, taken together, they form an oval figure; this is transversely divided near the middle by a slight fleshy ridge; the membrane in front of this ridge, and which encircles the nostril-openings, has its edges free, and on each side of the muzzle are two distinct longitudinal narrow folds of membrane, situated partially under the free edge of the mem- brane which encircles the nostrils: behind the transverse mesial ridge is what may be termed the posterior nose-leaf; this is of a semicircular form, has its margin thickened and raised, and send- ing forwards to the transverse ridge just mentioned three small ridges, dividing the interspace into four little hollows or pits. The ears are of moderate size, acute at the point, and have the outer margin distinctly emarginated. On the lips are some indistinct warts, and on the tip of the lower lip are two which are more pro- minent and distinct. The R. pygmaus approaches somewhat to the R. bicolor, but differs not only in colour, but in having the ears smaller and distinctly emar- ginated externally ; the hinder nose-leaf is larger. It approaches in size the R. tricuspidatus. ‘The ears are larger than in that species, and the nose-leaf is also larger, considerably more extended in the antero-posterior direction, and differs moreover in structure. RurvoLoruus Purirprinensis. Rhinol. supra obscure fuscus, subtiis fusco-cinerescens ; auribus magnis, subacutis, ad latus ex- terius emarginatis, et lobo magno accessorio, ad apicem rotundato, instructis ; prosthemate maximo lobo posteriore lanceolato, ante- riore valdé elevato, ad apicem truncato, ad basin dilatato, hoc ferro- equino membraneo circumdato. une. lin Longitudo capitis cum corpore............ wall CUuM AT tee). ttcko tet 3 oe how Tolle @ niet eae TURD. 3 spe ieee 0 ll antibrachti.......... al. Seem 1 10 Alarum amplitudo ...... PEs. Ceci. 10 6 This species belongs to the same section as the Rhinolophus ferrum- eguinum,—the second section of Temminck’s ‘ Monographies,’—and approaches most nearly to the R. euryotis of that author, from which however it may be readily distinguished by the much larger size of the accessory lobe of the ear, and the truncated form of the foremost of the two membranaceous nasal appendages. It also approaches, in the large size of the ears and great development of the nasal appen- dages, the R. luctus of Temminck, but is of smaller size; the ears are rather less acutely pointed; the accessory lobe at the base is longer and proportionally narrower, and the proportions of the nasal membrane differ. In spirit the colour of the fur is very dark brown ; on the under parts of the body rather paler than on the upper, and inclining to greyish. The nasal membranous appendages are very complicated, and being evidently on the same type as the R. luctus, I will compare them with the corresponding parts as shown in Tem- minck’s figure of that species. ‘The large decumbent horse-shoe 69 membrane is the same as in /wctus, and similarly notched in front. The foremost of the two elevated appendages is nearly the same, but the lateral lobes at the base are less produced and considerably smaller; joining these lobes on each side is a small membranous fold extending outwards and backwards, and is attached to the horse-shoe membrane. The posterior lobe is lanceolate and more pointed than in ductus, has a transverse fold near its base as in that species, and is joined to the anterior truncated elevated lobe by a longitudinally elevated membrane. The height of the posterior lanceolate lobe is 3} lines, and of the anterior lobe 23 lines, or rather more. On the side of the muzzle is a longitudinal fleshy ridge. ‘The chin presents four warts, two at the tip and one on each side of these. The extreme point of the tail is free, the free portion being however not more than half a line in length. Lastly, Mr. Waterhouse called attention to a new species of Me- gaderma. MecapermMa Puiuiprinensis. Meg. supra cinereo-fuscus, subtis cinereus ; prosthemate verticali, fere ovali, ad apicem subtruncato, horizontali, pauld minori, cordiformi; auribus permagnis, trago elongato, attenuato, acuto, ad basin, antice, lobo mediocri acuto in- structo. unc. lin Longitudo capitis cum corpore............ 2 8 an GUI ITIE | fw 0) dni esee bait nie Ka ania Louden CITELUSOLIEEG oso ins via acs ty nih ae 2 13 AM ena iit sy siy6) iT CPA EEE SIH Gees ae 12 9 This species, of which Mr. Cuming’s collection contains several specimens, agrees closely with the M. trifolium of Geoffroy in having the foremost nose-leaf broader and the hinder one shorter and broader than in M. Lyra; but it differs from the M. trifolium in the form of the tragus of the ear, this not presenting the character which sug- gested the specific name; it differs moreover (judging from M. Geof- froy’s figure) in having the ears considerably larger, and not quite so deeply cleft. The whole length of the divided nose-leaf is 52 lines, of which the anterior cordiform portion is rather less than half; the greatest width of the posterior portion is nearly 34 lines, and of the anterior portion 32 or nearly 33 lines. The length of the tragus of the ear is 83 lines; it is very narrow and acutely pointed, and at the base has a small nearly triangular lobe about two lines in length. The specimens from which my description is taken are preserved in spirit, consequently the proportions given of the nose-leaf, &c. are likely to be more accurate than were they preserved in a dry state. Mr. Fraser pointed out the distinguishing characters of a new species of Partridge which had recently died at the Society’s mena- gerie. Several specimens of this species, for which Mr. Fraser pro- : * I measure the height of the ears externally from the crown of the ead. 70 posed the name Perdix Bonhami, were procured at Tehran, in Persia, by Edward W. Bonham, Esq., H.M. agent at Tabreez, Persia, and presented to the Society by that gentleman, together with a living specimen of the Tetraogallus Nigelli from the same locality, which having died had been stuffed, and was exhibited at the Meeting. The new Partridge was thus characterized :— Prerpix Bonnami. Perd. arenaceo-flava, plumis nigro adspersis presertim apud latera, collum et pectus, hoc notd circulari ornato ; strigis superciliaribus subocularibus, et frontalibus nigris ; plumis auricularibus albis, laterum plumis nigro-marginatis ; rectricibus caud@ quatuor externis crissoque rufis ; rostro corneo. Foemina distinctiiis adspersa, quamvis notis nigris auribusque albis, maris signis, caret. This species is nearly allied to Perdix Heyi, Temm. Pl. Col., but is readily distinguished from that bird by the black stripes about the head of the male. The female differs in having a more mottled ap- pearance. Mr. Yarrell exhibited a specimen of the Puffinus obscurus from the Dardanelles, and called attention to some peculiarities in its habits, as pointed out in the ‘ Familiar History of Birds,’ &c. by the Rev. Edward Stanley (now Bishop of Norwich), to whom the speci- men belonged. Considerable interest is attached to the bird exhibited, since, though often alluded to by travellers who have visited the Dardanelles (but under native names only),naturalists were not aware to what species the accounts referred; and moreover certain preju- dices of the inhabitants render it extremely difficult to procure this species of Petrel from the locality mentioned. May 23, 1843. R. C. Griffith, Esq., in the Chair. Mr. Cuming communicated the following paper by M. Récluz, being descriptions of various new species of Shells belonging to the genus Nerita, from his collection. Nerira Powrstana. Ner. testd ovato-transversd, ventricosd, su- perne depresso-planiusculd, varie pictd ; spird brevissimd, derosd, auriculd elevatd, marginatd ; apertura ovatd, dilatatd, externé sub- rectd ; labio planissimo, antic? recto, acuto et sub lente ruguloso. Var. a. Testd lutescente, nebulis pallidis vie purpurascentibus vari- egatd. Var. (3. Testd ut in var. a, maculis nigerrimis. characteriformibus, triseriatim cinctd. Var. y. Testd luteo-fuscescente, lineolis nigris undulatis, longitudi- nalibus, dense notatd. Hab. Var. a and B, New Ireland, in mountain-streams, by R. B. Hinds, Esq., Surgeon of H.M.S. Sulphur. Long. 19 mill.; lat. 14 mill.; convex. 12 mill. Species valdé mirabilis. Var. y. Hab. ? Mr. Powis. Neritra Turton. Ner. testd ventricoso-ovatd, luteo-rufd seu rubi- cundd, flammis nigrescentibus undatis, remotisque, sive angulato- frexuosis pictd ; anfractibus 4-5, convevis, supremis derosis : infimo supern® horizontaliter depresso ; labio subconvexo, fusco-rubente, margine in medio tenuiter crenato, basi leviter emarginato ; labro intis calloso-albo, ad marginem fusco rubente. Hab. ? Mr. Powis. Long. 154 mill.; lat. 13 ad 14 mill. Nerite variegate, Lesson (Ner. pulchra, Sowerby), valdé affinis. Nerira nepuuata. Ner, testd ovato-globosd, tenuiter striatd, luteo- fuscescente, lineis nigris squameformibus parvulis nebulatd ; spird prominuld, rotundatd ; labio angustato, subconvexo, margine retius- culo, crenulato, flavescente ; labro semi-ovato, intis cerulescente, margine flavo. Hab. \mmimaylan, in a mountain-stream. Long. 10 mill. ; lat. 11 mill. ; convex. 8 mill. Nerita Mertonrana. Ner. testd ovato-globosd, maculis pallide lu- tescentibus zonisque articulatis nigro-purpurascentibus fimbriatis cinctd ; spird vix prominente, rotundatd, apice eroso ; aperturd ob- liqud, luteold ; labio subconvexo, angusto, margine tenue arcuato et crenulato. Var. 3. Testa major, lineolis intricatis picta. 72 Hab. cum precedente. Long. 9 ad 10 mill. ; lat. 11 ad 113 mill. ; convex. 7% ad 8 mill. Affinis Nerite Oualaniensis, Lesson, sed major, solidior, minus ro- tundata et variegata: non var. robustior. Nerita Micuavupiana, Récluz in Rév. Cuviérienne, Paris 184]. Var. 6. Testa rotundata, supra medium spinis angustis brevibusque armata. Hab. cum typo ad “ Bunang, province of Pangasinan, isle of Luzon, on small stones on the bank of a river.”” DD. Souleyet et Cuming invenierunt. Nerirta Jovis. Ner. testd ventricoso-ovatd, nigrd, lineolis angulato- fleruosis fulgurantibusve albis pictd, punctatdque ; anfractibus quinis convexis ; spird conico-depressd, nigro-violascente, albo punctatd, acutd ; aperturd albo-virescente ; labio plano, margine in medio vix arcuato ac denticulato. Hab. ? Mr. Powis. Neritine lugubris, Lamarck, valdé affinis, sed solidior, minor, co- lore denique propria. Nerira cuprina. Ner. testd ventricoso-oblongd, subepidermide cu- preo-micante nigrd, lineolis angulato-fleruosis densissime pictd ; anfractibus 4-5 ? convexis, superne rotundatiusculis ; apice deroso ; labio plano, lutescente, in margine vix arcuato et denticulato, basi subemarginato ; labro intis albido-cerulescente, ad marginem luteo- viridescente. Hab. ’ Mr. Powis. Long. 12 mill.; lat. 11 mill. Affinis Nerite Royssiane, Récl., sed colore et epidermide notabili diversa. Nerita Prerrreriana. er. testd ventricoso-ovatd, nigrd, albido- lutescente bizonatd ; zond mediand spiram decurrente ; anfractibus quaternis, convevis, ad suturam minimé marginatis ; apice decorti- cato, obtusiusculo ; aperturd rotundatd ; labio compresso, concavi- usculo, albido, in margine arcuatim ac obtuse denticulato ; denticulis obsoletis, cardinali productiusculo ; labro dilatato, tenut, nigro- cerulescente et luteo quadrifasciato. Hab. From New Ireland, in a mountain-stream, by R. B. Hinds, Esq. Long. 8 mill. ; lat. 7 mill. ; convex. 4 mill. Species elegans, rarissima. Colwmella extis zond angustd, e punctis moniliformibus seriatis cincta. Nenita aprata. er. testd ventricoso-globosd, tenuissimd, rugosd, subepidermide olivaced fusco-violascente, lituris transversis albi- dis pictd ; anfraetibus quaternis superne depresso-planulatis ; spird prominuld, apice pulchré croceo, hyalino ; aperturd dilatatd ; labio semilunari, nigrescente externe zonato, anticé albo, recto, integer- rimo. Hab. Island of Negros ; in mountain-streams, on stones. 73 Long. 11 mill.; lat. 143 mill. ; convex. 103 mill. Affinis variet. Nerite dubie, sed columella basi non emarginata diversa est. Columella in centro partm inflexa. Nerita Donovana. Ner. testd semiglobosd, tenuiter et dens? stri- atd, viridescente, lineis obliquis purpureo-nigris, undatis, equidi- stantibus ornatd ; anfractibus tribus convexis, supra medium spinis curvatis armatis ; apice deroso ; aperturd cerulescente, basi effusd angulatdque ; labio angusto, superné calloso, basi concavo, margine subrecto, denticulato ; dente cardinali majori. Var. (3. Ovata, nitida, maculis viridibus et purpureis, dens? intricata ; ultimo anfractu superne adscendente ; spird prominuld, convexd. ffah. Island of Guimaras, on stones in a small stream. Long. 124 mill.; lat. 15 mill.; convex. 10 mill. Var. 3. Long. 14 mill.; lat. 15 mill. ; convex. 11 mill. Living examples of two species of Hypsiprymaus, belonging to the Right Hon. the Earl of Derby (President), were exhibited. CST tal ; ae it i isis Ais waaay «. ‘alist al peli adorei int ansibrd yt ee Den | ver. ye Dial ao, A MAPOMOET at Gent respec oir | . Teme oN IE ir Paatene 5 Ora re ght nat an HON ly aww re eh pone Ma SYM gil Here A iar’ lines 6 saver, + Se, te, — ede, 5 icin Bay, ie % ae ENEMA ee oa 23 yy OEE STR xs ae ee rs “ode ah Preken i eget ries eo ees "4 eS fourier ies suet i a KS STtat Ae ade \ “JI wt June 13, 1843. Prof. Rymer Jones in the Chair. A white variety of the Irish Hare (Lepus Hibernicus, Yarrell), pre- sented by Robert Leslie Ogilby, Esq., was exhibited. The following Notes by Prof. E. Forbes, on the species of Neera (Gray) inhabiting the Egean Sea, were read :— «« Among the Mollusca inhabiting the seas of the Grecian Archi- pelago are four species of the genus Neera, two of which have been previously described, and two are apparently new. «The described species are the Neera cuspidata, a well-known shell, and the type of the genus, extensively distributed throughout the European seas. In the Egean it is scarce, but by no means local ; and of all the Greek species, is that found in the shallowest water. The second described species is the Ne@ra costellata, a beau- tiful bivalve hitherto recorded only in the fossil state. It was de- scribed and figured by M. Deshayes in the great French work on the Morea, from specimens found in the tertiary strata of that country. I have taken it not unfrequently in the Egean, sometimes alive and at considerable depths, even below 100 fathoms. “* Of the new species, one is nearly allied to Neera cuspidata, and appears to replace it in the deeper parts of the Egean. I have called it Neara arrenvata. N. testd oblonga, obsoleté striatd, anticé ro- tundatd, superiore subangulatd, posticé longi-rostratd ; rostro an- gusto, ared lineari transverse striatd; umbonibus obtusis ; dente laterali in valvuld superiori lineari. Long. 075; lat. 03%. “The second is an anormal and aberrant form, differing in its hinge characters from the other Egean species. It inhabits very deep water, even to 200 fathoms, and I have never taken it in less than 100. I have never met with it alive.” Ne#ra apsreviata. ON. testd suborbiculari, transverse leviter sulcatd, antic? rotundatd, postice brevi-rostratd ; rostro lato, ared obsoleta ; umbonibus acutissimis ; dente laterali obsoleto. The following paper was then read :— « Descriptions of new species of Neera, from the collection of Sir Edward Belcher, C.B., made during a voyage round the world, and from that of Hugh Cuming, Esq., obtained during his visit to the _ Philippines ; with notices of the synonomy.” By Mr. Hinds. The number of species of Neera, Gray, now on record permits us to generalize on their geographic distribution. They are all found in Nos. CXXV. CXXVI. & CXXVII.—Proc. or rz Zoot, Soc. 76 water of greater or less depth, and spread over a wide extent of latitude ; the larger proportion are found in the seas of warm cli- mates, particularly of the Indian Ocean. In the,Atlantic the group is met with in a high northern latitude, but the number of species gradually diminishes towards the seas of temperate or cold climates. A few of the recent species are found in a fossil state in the more recent tertiary deposits, and there are some fossil species which hitherto have not been noticed in a recent state. The individuality of the genus has also been maintained by M. Nardo, who has called it Cuspidaria. Ne#ra rostrata, Chemnitz (sp.). Mya rostrata, Chem., vol. xi. p. 195. vig. C, D.; Dillwyn, Cat. vol. 1. p. 45. Anatina longirostris, Lamarck, Hist. des An. sans Vert., ed. Des- hayes, vol. vi. p. 78. Neera chinensis, Gray. Griffith’s Ed. of Cuvier’s An. Kingd., Mollusca, pl. 2. f. 5. Nerea chinensis, ibid. Index. Corbula rostrata, Deshayes, ed. Lamarck. Note. Hanley’s species of Lamarck. Hab. China. Cab. Cuming. NERA CuUSPIDATA, Olivi (sp.). Tellina cuspidata, Olivi, Zool. Adriatic, p. 101. pl. 4. f. 1. Erycina cuspidata, Risso, Hist. Nat. des environs de Nice, t. iv. p- 366. f. 170. - Hab. As a recent shell it inhabits deep water in the Adriatic Sea ; Northumberland ; also the north-west coast of Sweden. Nor can I perceive any specific difference in the valve of a shell obtained from eighty-four fathoms in the China Sea, the temperature below being 66°, and at the surface 83°, except that it is the portion of a much larger shell. As a fossil it is described by Risso from ‘ Trinité,’ and also abounds in Sicily. Nea#ra uyarina. WN. testd magnd, diaphand, ventricosd, anticé rotundatd, postic® subrostratd, rotundatd; valvis subequalibus ; epidermide tenui, scabrd, indutd. Long. 11; lat. 7; alt. 8 lin. Neera hyalina, Sowerby, ined. Hab. China; Mr. G. B. Sowerby. Cab. Cuming et Belcher. My regard for the conchological attainments of Mr. G. B. Sowerby has induced me to adopt his cabinet name for this shell. Ne#ra ELEGANS. UN. testd oblongd, tenui, lineis salientibus trans- versis ornatd ; rostro angulato, corrugato ; valvarum margine ven- trali acuto, simplici. Long. 8; lat. 4; alt. 43 lin. Hab. New Guinea, China Sea, and Singapore. On a muddy floor, in from seven to eighteen fathoms. Cab. Belcher et Cuming. 77 Nera cosTELLATA, Deshayes (sp.). Corbula costellata, Deshayes, Géologie de la Gréce, Mollusques, ele. fal, 2,8. Hab. Originally described as a fossil by Deshayes, but has been subsequently obtained recent by Professor Forbes in the Adriatic Sea. A pair of valves is in the collection of Mr. Cuming, purporting as coming from the north-west coast of Sweden, and has the name of Neera sulcata attached to them. NeE#rA cosTaTa, Sow. (sp.) Anatina costata, Sowerby, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 87. Hab. The west coast of America, between 2° 47! and 8° 5! north lat., namely at St. Helena, from six fathoms, sandy mud ; Magnetic Island, twenty-two fathoms; and coast of Veragua, twenty-six fathoms, mud. Cab. Belcher et Cuming. Nez#ra Goutpiana. N. testd oblongd, fragili, hyalind, ventricosd ; costis duodecim radiantibus; valvis vald? inequalibus ; rostro lineis tribus obliquis elevatis. Long. 34; lat. 13; alt. 2 lin. Hab. New Guinea; Cagayan, island of Mindanao; and Bay of Manila, Philippines : in from seven to thirty fathoms, sandy mud. Cab. Cuming et Belcher, The specific name is in honour of Dr. Gould, the author of the able and luminous Report on the Mollusca of Massachusetts. Ne#ra Sincarorensis. N. testd oblongd, fragili, hyalind, ventri- cosd, costis 17-20 radiantibus ; valvis inequalibus ; rostro bre- viusculo, lineis tribus obliquis elevatis. Long. 23; lat. 14; alt. 12 lin. Hab. Singapore ; in seven fathoms, mud. Cab. Cuming. A single specimen. A shell so very similar to N. Gouldiana that it might most easily be confounded with it. In that species however I find the number of radiating ribs to be so constant in a number of individuals, that I must regard it a good diagnostic character. The present species then will be found to differ from it in its smaller size, diminished number of radiating ribs, and shorter beak. Nrara casta. N. testd oblongd, fragili, hyalind, ventricosd ; costis numerosis radiantibus, minoribus alternantibus, transverse subtilis- sim? striatd ; rostro breviusculo, parvo, lineis obliquis elevatis in- structo. Long. 22; lat. 14; alt. 13 lin. Hab. New Guinea ; dredged from a muddy floor in seven fathoms. Cab. Belcher. Nezra concinna. N. testd oblongd, fragili, subplanulatd ; costis numerosis, parvis, confertis, ultimd maximd ; valvis subequalibus ; rostro parvo, breviusculo, lineis tribus obliquis elevatis instructo. Long. 22; lat. 1; alt. 14 lin. Hab. ? Cab. Cuming. 78 Ne#ra pipyma. UN. testd oblongd, levigatd, albd; costis duabus radiantibus ; margine dorsali antico prominulo ; rostro lato, sub- truncato. Long. 3; lat. 2; alt. 2 lin. Hab. The west coast of Veragua, in twenty-six fathoms, mud; in society with N. costata. Cab. Belcher. On the anterior and ventral margin there is a disposition to the formation of a number of small ribs; the shell is otherwise smooth and left to the occupation of the two prominent ribs, which eminently distinguish it. Ne#RA RosEA. UN. testd oblongd, albidd, epidermide tenui striatd indutd ; valvis inequalibus, dextrd majori ; rostro attenuato, roseo. Long. 35; lat. 12; alt. 2 lin. Hab. New Guinea, in seven fathoms, mud; Cagayan, island of Mindanao ; San Nicholas, island of Zebu, Philippines, in from five to thirty fathoms, sandy mud. Cab. Belcher et Cuming. Not unlike diminutive specimens of N. cuspidata; the anterior por- tion of the shell, however, does not occupy more than a third of its entire length; the beak is more attenuated and of a rose-colour ; and I cannot perceive any vestige of the angular line which extends pos- teriorly from the umbo. Ne#ra Purtiprinensis. N. testd oblongd, albidd, subplanulatd, epidermide tenui striatd indutd, in rostro brevi attenuatd ; valvis inequalibus, dextrd minori. Long. 22; lat. 1; alt. 1S lin. Hab. Cagayan, island of Mindanao, and Batangas, island of Luzon, Philippines ; in from twenty to thirty fathoms, sandy mud. Cab. Cuming. Nezra tricona. N. testd trigond, albd, minut? sulcatd; latere antico retuso; rostro brevissimo, obliquo. Long. 22; lat. 1; alt. 12 lin. Hab. ? Cab. Cuming. NeE@Ra IRIDESCENS. UN, testd albidd, ventricosd, levigatd, politd ; valvis equalibus, margine ventrali postice emarginato ; retuse ros- tratd. Long. 8; lat. 4; alt. 54 lin. Hab. Sual, island of Luzon, Philippines; from five to seven fathoms, sandy mud. Ne#ra oparina. N, testd ovali, hyalind, levigatd, politd, subplanu- latd ; valvis equalibus ; rostro gradatim elongato, obtuso. Long. 6; lat. 2; alt. 42 lin. Hab. Bassey, island of Samar, Philippines; from four fathoms, among coarse sand and mud. Cab. Cuming. In the foregoing ventricose species the anterior portion of the shell is considerably dominant. In this flatter species the greater bulk is devoted to the formation of the rostrum. 79 Nrawra tata. N. testd ovali, albidd, planulatd, iridescente, levi- gatd, politd ; valvis equalibus ; rostro lato, gradatim attenuato, planulato, obtuso ; margine ventrali postice subemarginato. Long. 12; lat. 4; alt. 7 lin. Hab. Catbalonga, island of Samar, Philippines ; from ten fathoms, soft mud. Cab. Cuming. These three latter species are aberrant, and hold the same relations to Neera as Nucula arctica, Brod. et Sow., and its congeners do to that genus. Various species of Mammalia from Coban, in Central America, were exhibited. These specimens were from Mr. J. Gray, who in a letter addressed to the Curator, which accompanied them, observes that the collection contains the following species: viz. Mustela frenata, Licht., Didelphys Quica, Heteromys Desmarestiana, Corsira tropicalis, Corsira Temlyas, Saccophorus Quachil, Mus Tazamaca, and Mus Te- guina ; all of which species, with the exception of the first two, are new to science. «Descriptions of new species of Shells about to be figured in the ‘ Conchologia Iconica,’” by Mr. Lovell Reeve, were read. Genus Conus. Conus vipua. Con. testd turbinatd, albd, fusco subtilissime reti- culatd, reticulis ruptis, subsparsis ; fasciis binis nigerrimo-fuscis, maculis albis sparsis, irregulariter punctatis, cinctd ; spird concavo- depressd, coronatd, apice subobtuso. Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 8. f. 45 a and 6. Hab. Island of Capul, Philippines (on the reefs); Cuming. This curiously mottled Cone presents a somewhat different style of painting from the proximate species C. Nicobaricus and nocturnus. Conus Furvus. Con. testd elongato-turbinatd, angustd, levi, spird elatd ; luteold, fasciis duabus, latis, furvo-fuscis, cingulatd ; aper- turd lineart. Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 13. f. 69. Hab. Islands of Ticao and Masbate, Philippines (found in sandy mud at low water); Cuming. I have to thank Mr. Adamson of Newcastle for sending me this new and interesting Cone, a few specimens of which have been col- lected by Mr. Cuming in the localities above noted. Genus PecruncuLuvs. Pecruncutus Bicotor. ect. testd suborbiculari, umbones versus attenuatd, longitudinaliter sulcatd, sulcis numerosis, angustis ; al- bidd, violaceo-nebulosd, maculis trigonis ferrugineo-rubidis irregu- lariter pictd. Conch. Icon., Pectunculus, pl. 5. f. 20. Hab. Gulf of California. _ Mr. Gray appears to have mistaken this shell (Zoology of Beechey’s Voyage in the Blossom) for the Pectunculus inequalis. ’ 80 PEcTUNCULUS PALLIUM. Pect. testd oblique ovatd, subquadratd, radiatim costatd, costis levibus, prope marginem subobsoletis ; luteold, maculis rubidis, quadratis, sparsis, vivide pictd. Conch. Icon., Pectunculus, pl. 5. f. 21. Hab. Zanzibar. This shell may be easily recognised by the dark ruddy spots which are sparingly scattered here and there upon the warm uniform ground which covers the surface. The cardinal portion of the shell is rather solid. Prctuncutus noposus. FPect. tesid suborbiculari, Sulvo, furvo castaneove variegatd ; radiatim costatd, costis nodosis ; intus albidd, antice fuscescente. Conch. Icon., Pectunculus, pl. 5. f. 21. Hab. Ceylon. The knobs on the ribs, by which this shell is chiefly characterized, are much more strongly developed on the posterior side of the shell ; on the anterior side they are almost obsolete. Pectuncutus tineatus. Peet. testd orbiculari, converd, subauricu- latd ; decussatim striatd, striis longitudinalibus fortioribus ; albidd, postice et mediané maculis castaneis irregulariter nebulosd, anticé lineis longitudinalibus castaneis vivide pictd ; umbonibus centralibus. Conch. Icon., Pectunculus, pl. 5. f. 25. Hab. West Indies. The painting of this species is not much unlike that of the Pectun- culus pennaceus ; the anterior side of the shell, however, is white and very peculiarly lineated. PecruncuLus osiiquus. Pect. testd transversd, oblique ovatd ; albido-rufescente, maculis cuspidiformibus spadiceis profuse pictd ; intus nigerrimo-fuscd ; umbonibus centralibus. Conch. Icon., Pectunculus, pl. 6. f. 33. Hab. Swan River. The whole of the inside of this shell, with the exception of the an- terior margin and muscular impression, is of a very deep blackish brown. Prectuncutus TELLin#ForMis. ect. testd ovatd, transversd, sub- depressd, radiatim costatd, costis subobsoletis ; albidd, anticé et superne carneo-fusco tinctd; intus subfuscd, postic? albicante ; umbonibus vie obliquis. Conch. Icon., Pectunculus, pl. 6. f. 34. Hab. Rio Janeiro. } This shell differs from the preceding in being more transverse and faintly ribbed ; the interior is not so dark, nor does the outer surface exhibit the least indication of any spots or other dark marks. PEcTUNCULUS TENUICOsTaTUS. ect. testd orbiculari, subventri- cosd, subtilissimé costatd, costis quasi filis, numerosis, interstitiis epidermide lineariter insertd ; fuscescente, costis pallidioribus ; um- bonibus subcentralibus. 81 Conch. Icon., Pectunculus, pl. 6. f. 35. Hab. Australia. The valves of this shell are entirely covered with beautiful thread- like ribs, and the interstices are filled with fine roots of epidermis, arranged in from three to four rows. Mr. Gould read a paper on the habits of Leipoa, drawn up from accounts which he had recently received from His Excellency G. Grey, Governor of South Australia, and Mr. Gilbert. The notes of these two careful observers, though made in distant parts of Austra- lia, were confirmatory in all essential particulars of the account of the habits of this curious bird as published by Mr. Gould in his work on the Birds of Australia. The notes moreover contained various interesting additional facts, and were illustrated by sectional draw- ings of the mound constructed for the deposit of the eggs. Mr. Gould then called attention to a new species of Kangaroo-rat, which he exhibited, and thus characterizes :— Berroncra campxstris. Bett. vellere longo, molli ; corpore supra Fusco, albo-penicillato, subtis sordidé albo; auribus mediocribus intits pilis sordid albis, subflavescentibus tinctis ; tarsi longi, gra- ciles, pilis pallidis, flavescenti-lavatis ; caudd longd (capite corpo- reque fere equante) plerumque pilis brevibus, adpressis, pallide rufo-flavescentibus vestitd, subtiis et ad apicem pallidiore. unc. lin. Longitudo ab apice rostri ad caude basin.... 15 9 —_______— ad basin auris .... 2' 8 MULL PRO AAT sola e Se wig he LT AP OMAN | bad | — FT 11/1 ana celal sain Aa ited tarsi digitorumque.......... --- 4 10 Hab. South Australia. In the texture and colouring of the fur this little animal greatly resembles the common European Hare. The under-fur is dense, long and soft; grey next the skin, and sooty brown externally; but this last colour is confined to the tip of each hair, there being a con- siderable space between the grey and brown portions, which is of a very pale yellowish brown : interspersed with the under-fur (especially on the back) is an abundance of very long and harsher hairs, the visible portion of which is of a brownish white colour, except the extreme point of each hair, which is blackish. The sides of the body are of a pale dirty yellowish tint, and the under parts are dirty white. The feet and tail are of an uniform very pale yellowish brown. The ears are short and rounded, but with the apical portion slightly con- tracted in width; they are well-clothed with pale dirty yellowish hairs, except on the fore-part of the outer side, where there is an admixture of deep brown hairs. The following ‘“ Notices of Fishes newly observed or discovered in Madeira during the years 1840, 1841, and 1842,” by the Rev. R. T. Lowe, M.A., Corresponding Member of the Zoological Society, were communicated to the Meeting. 82 Family Scomprip#. Genus Serious, Cuv. and Val. Srerioxa eraciiis. Ser. elongata, fusiformis ; capite cubico, late- ribus declivibus planis, oculis magnis: pinna dorsali prima trian- gulari, secunda altiore ; secunde analisque (antice elevatis) radiis posterioribus subproductis, in pinnulas subsecedentibus ; pectorali- bus lanceolatis elongatis, capite longioribus ; ventralibus mediocri- bus. 1m D. 9; 24D. 3 + 20; A.3 + 20; P.24; V-14+5;C. M. B. 6. Squame lin. lat. 60. A single individual of this species has occurred, said to have been thrown up in a gale. It measured six inches and three quarters in length. Its nearest ally is S. bipinnulata (Quoy et Gaim.), Jen. in Darw. Fish. p. 72. Like that species, it has no spine inclining for- wards before the dorsal, nor any free spines before the anal fin; but in the more complete connection and regularity of the hinder rays of the second dorsal and of the anal fins, it possesses a degree more of the typical Serioline character than that species. Still it is not unlikely that a comparison of the two fishes may warrant, on some future occasion, their separation from Serio/a into a genus, which may be called Cudiceps. The lower jaw shuts within the upper, like a box-lid; forcibly re- minding the observer of Tetragonurus, for a battered or bleached state of which fish this example might have been easily mistaken. The colour was an uniform pale dull grey, with the fins and to- wards the back darker and brownish. ATX. | 44+Vul.’ Fam. CoryPHENID&. Brama tonerpinnis. 8B. corpore abbreviato alto: squamis postice caudam versus antrorsum aculeato-umbonatis ; pinna dorsali ana- lique antice longe falcato-productis. D.4 +31; A. 2+ 26; P20. eve bien Ge Sq. lin. lat. 41-45. Though founded upon a single individual, this appears a truly di- stinct species in the above characters from B. Rai, Bl., of which it presents the general appearance, colour and habit. The example seen measured eighteen inches and a quarter in length, and was eight inches deep at the origin of the dorsal and anal fins. As settling, by its partially aculeate scales, the true position of Taractes, this fish has been a very valuable acquisition. PES bt 4+ Vill.’ M. B. 7; Gen. Taractes, nob. Char. Gen.—Corpus ovatum compressum (ad finem pinne dorsalis analisque abrupte in caudam contractum), squamis cycloideis retrorsum aculeato-umbonatis muricato-asperum. Caput squa- mosum ; oculis magnis ; rostro brevissimo simo ; rictu magno sub- 83 verticali; dentibus Brame similibus subscobinatis recurvis, exter- nis majoribus; palatinis vomereque armatis. Operculum simplex inerme. Preoperculum basi eximie dentato s. subcalcarato ; sub- operculo interoperculoque denticulatis. Pinne malacopterygiz, s. omnes radiis mollibus. Ventrales subju- gulares. Pinna dorsalis analisque unica conformis lata: caudalis simplex integra rotundata. Membrana branchiostega septem-ra- diata. Squame magne trapeziformes postice emarginate cycloidee; um- bone in aculeum recurvato-erectum producto. TARACTES ASPER. D.5 +28; A. 3420; P.17; V.14+5; c. M. B. 7; Squame corporis in serie longitudinali 43 fere. The generic name imposed at its first discovery on this particularly interesting, though plain and sober-coloured little fish, expresses the difficulty experienced in settling its relations of affinity, which are indeed so obscure and complicated, that but for the subsequent dis- covery of Brama longipinnis, with its similarly, though contrariwise, hooked scales, its true position, next to Brama, with analogies to many other families (e. g. Zenide, Caproide, Scombride), must have remained in abeyance. Preracuis Papiztio. P. longitudine altitudinem plus quater multi- plicatam equante: pinna dorsali prima analique ceruleo-violaceis, lituris inter radios aureo-viridibus postice biseriatis ; hac radio secundo, illa quarto validiore, ceteris capillaceis flecuosis. ae eas : : : : 3+1.+ VIII. $e Di 383.2% D.. 63 ¢A« 354 P..485,. Vi. 65 1; 34. VIL Nothing can exceed the splendour of the deep violet-blue, with the gold and green iridescent dashes or short stripes between the rays of the first dorsal and the anal fins. It resembles the breast of certain Humming-birds, and contrasts singularly with the pure uni- form silvery whiteness of the whole head and body. The second dorsal fin, though very small, is sufficiently distinct in this species, and possibly has been merely overlooked or mistaken in imperfectly preserved specimens of others for an accidentally detached portion of the first dorsal fin. The proportions, not only of the depth, but of the head, eye, muzzle and thickness, differ notably from those assigned by MM. Cuvier and Valenciennes to their P. oculata, of which it wants besides the dorsal fin-spot. The ventral and caudal fins are also longer. It agrees in these and other points far better with P. trichopterus, P. Carolinus, or P. guttatus (Coryphena velifera, Pallas) of these authors, but differs from them still more widely than it does from P. oculata, in the numbers of the fin-rays. ASTRODERMA PLUMBEUM. The Madeiran Astroderma recorded under the name of A. cory- phenoides, Bon. (Proceed. Zool. Soc. 1840, p. 37; Trans. iii. p. 7), 84 is probably a distinct and undescribed species. It differs from MM. Cuvier and Valenciennes’ description of the Mediterranean fish, and from that by Risso of the same, under the name of Diana semilunata, in size, being only four instead of twelve or fifteen inches long; in proportions, the depth being contained three instead of not quite four times in the length, making it a deeper fish, and the length of the head equalling the depth; in having the eye exactly in, not partly before and altogether below the middle of the head, and the hinder nostril larger than the foremost ; in the less height backwards of the dorsal and anal fins, and their nearer approach at their hinder ends to the root of the caudal fin. The pectoral fins are longer, and the ventral fins, instead of being very short, with the first spine strong -and serrate, are half the length of the whole fish, with the first ray or spine feeble, weak, or slender, and perfectly even or entire ; the other rays, especially the first, being produced into fine hair-like points. The scales are firmly fixed, not easily removeable. There is no trace of the two little oblique crests or ridges at the base of the caudal fin on each side the faint central keel, like those which the Mackerels have ; and lastly, the pectoral and caudal fins, instead of a fine coral-red, are pale tawny or dirty yellowish white; the body being a dull silvery lead-colour, instead of silvery rose. It were not safe, from inspection of a single individual of such small size, and in a genus hitherto consisting of a single species, to pronounce these characters of actual specific value ; some, or perhaps all, may be due merely to age or sex. The name of A. plumbeum is therefore here proposed only provisionally for the Madeiran fish. Ausonia Cuvieri, Risso, Hist. ii. 342. f. 28; Cuv. Rég. Anim. ii. 214, note. Luvarus imperialis, (Raf.) Cuv. Rég. Anim. ii.214; Cuv. et Val.ix.412. I shall take an early opportunity in ‘The Fishes of Madeira’ of furnishing a full account, with a figure from a fresh and perfect in- dividual, of this little known, most rare, and interesting fish. The several discrepancies between my example, which is deposited in the Society’s collection, and the former individuals on record, seem fairly attributable to the paucity of those before examined, or to imperfect means of observation. ‘The Madeiran fish differs not more from each of those included in the above references than they do respectively from one another, whilst it presents an assemblage of characters only to be collected from them all. This really fine and striking fish offers no ambiguities whatever of affinity, the very fishermen regarding it as some kind of ‘‘ Dourado” (Coryphena), which it resembles, both in general aspect and in the form of the head and profile. Something about the mouth and pro- file reminds one also of the turbot, whilst in the shape of the body, and perhaps of the dorsal and the anal fins, it resembles the “ En- xareo” (Caranx luna, Geoffr.). The colour of the fins recalls to mind the Lampris. The length of this example was five-eighths of an inch less than three feet. 85 Fam. Zenip#, nob. Zuus rnosEus. Z. roseus immaculatus inermis: pinna antica anali nulla, dorsali haud filamentosa ; pinnis ventralibus amplis triangu- lari-ovatis. D.8 + 27 v. 28; A.lv.2 + 29; P.14; V.9;C. M. B. 7 v. 8. Two examples of this very handsome and most distinct new spe- cies of Dory have occurred. There is no danger of confounding it with any other of the genus yet recorded, for the Z. Childrenii of Bowdich, so obscurely indicated in the ‘ Excursions in Madeira,’ was most probably the Boar-fish (Capros Aper, Lac.). Sternoptyx diaphana (Herm.), Cuv. R. An. ii. 316. t. xi. f. 1. The acquisition lately of an example of this most rare and curious of fishes has confirmed a suspicion [ have long entertained, that the true position of its genus is near Zeus. It has also some relation to Trachichthys, but I think only in the way of analogy. This little fish was taken in August at sea, between Madeira and St. Mary’s, the southernmost of the Azores, about eighty miles to the south-east of the latter island, in a calm smooth sea. It is not a little remarkable, that after so long an interval, Sternoptyr dia- phana, originally discovered by Hermann so long ago as 1774, in the West India islands, should have been rediscovered thus near the Azores; that is, in the locality in which the cognate St. Olfersii, Cuv. J. ¢. t. xiii. f. 2, has yet alone been found. B+VI. 44V._ B+V. %°54VI.’ Fam. Caproip&, nob. Gen. AnticonzA, nob. Char. Gen.—Corpus compressum rhombiforme, altitudine longitudi- nem subequante. Os parvum haud protractile; dentibus conicis minutis. Caput asperum; genis operculoque squamosis. Pre- operculum interoperculumque limbo denticulato nudo. Oculi magni, circulatim cristato-carinati, cristis denticulatis. Squame aspere, pectinato-ciliate. Pinna dorsalis unica, continua, ad angulum superiorem corporis nascens, antice alta; analis parte anteriore spinosa a posteriore sinu distincta: spinis utriusque striatis, squamosis; pinne ven- trales majuscule, ad angulum inferiorem corporis site. Pinna caudalis simplex, truncata. Membrana branchiostega septem- radiata. Obs.—Species adhuc unica, Maderensi-Atlantica, rarissima par- vula rubescens Caproidea. Pinnarum spine valide, striate, squa- mulis imbricatis vestite, membrana nuda. Capite armato s. pre- operculo interoperculoque cristisque ossium omnibus denticulatis, dentibusque brevibus conicis scobinatis, squamisque asperis ciliatis, ad Percidas per Enoplosum Lac. dum tendit, a Cheetodontibus (e. g. Platar, Drepane) Corypheenidisque (e. g. Peprilus, Apolectus), qui- bus forma aspectuque simillima, recedit. Jisdem characteribus, 86 necnon cauda lineaque laterali simplicibus, spinisque ante pinnas verticales liberis nullis, Scombridis (e. g. Blepharis, Gallichthys, Ar- gyreiosis, Vomer, Hynnis), forma similibus, magis ac magis distat. Pluribus quinetiam notis Hguulam ac Gerrem, e. g. Gerrem Plumiert Cuv. et Val. t. 167, revocat in mentem. A Capro Lac. forma, ore vix protractili, pinnaque dorsali unica continua antice alta differt. Anticonia Carros. 44L4+V. D. 8 + 34; A.3 + 38; P. 14; V.1 53 10) a Vi 7. ri os a 34+-L--1v- A single individual only of this most curious and interesting little fish has yet appeared. It forms a most distinct genus, throwing considerable light on the affinities of several other genera, which, before its discovery, had been placed very much at random. Fam. Mueinipz. Mugil Cephalus, L. Cuv. et Val. xi. t. 307. I procured three or four examples of this species by dragging with a net at the mouth of the Machico river. They were all caught in perfectly fresh water, ina place which was quite cut off from all communication with the sea, except in the time of winter-floods or particularly high tides. The species was quite unknown to the fishermen. Mugil auratus, Risso. M. chelo, Syn. 184; nec aliorum. M. Maderensis, Suppl. in Proceed. 1839, p. 82; Trans. iii. p. 8. The usual exposure of the ends of the maxillary in the Madeiran fish prevented an earlier recognition of its proper name and synonym. They are only occasionally, and, except in full-sized fishes, rarely, — not generally or characteristically, as must be inferred from MM. Cuvier and Valenciennes’ account of the species,—‘‘ entiérement cachés,”’ although their figure represents them more correctly par- tially exposed. Fam. Gozsip#. Blennius parvicornis of my Suppl. (Proceed. 1839, p. 83 ; Trans. iil. p. 9), but not of MM. Cuvier and Valenciennes, proves to be a mere variety, or perhaps monstrous state, with a notched dorsal fin, of the common Bl. palmicornis, Cuv. and Val. It is Bl. palmicornis, var. y strigata, nob. Another var. ((3 sinuata, nob.) of the same species has the dorsal fin merely faintly sinuate, instead of notched like var. y, in the middle. As for the true Bl. parvicornis of Cuvier and Valenciennes, which, having the dorsal fin even*, cannot be re- ferred correctly to either of these states of the species, I feel autho- rized, after examination of perhaps some hundred individuals of this common little fish, with a particular view towards the confirmation of the form in question as a species, to pronounce it a mere trivial and accidental aberration (so far at least as concerns the Madeiran * “ Sa dorsale est continue.”’ Cuy. et Val. xi. 258. 87 individual alluded to by MM. Cuvier and Valenciennes) of the typical common state (var. a) of Bl. palmicornis. PHOLIS TRIGLOIDES. Pholis levis, Syn. 185 ; Suppl. in Proceed. 1839, p. 83 ; in Trans. il. 9. This fish proves to be distinct specifically from the British P. levis, Fl., of which I had considered it at first a mere variety. This correction has been recently confirmed, on a comparison of speci- mens, by my friend Mr. Jenyns, who finds the eyes in the Madeiran fish ‘“‘ more than twice the size of those of P. Jevis, Fl., not to men- tion other differences.”’ I am also so far satisfied as anything short of an inspection of their specimens can warrant, that Bl. trigloides of MM. Cuvier and Valenciennes, which even by their own show- ing* is misplaced in their genus Blennius, is founded, at least in part}, on an example of this species, for which I therefore now pro- pose the name of Pholis trigloides, it being a genuine member of the genus Pholis of Fleming. Puous Buro. P. fusco-nigrescens, versicolor, mox pallide cervina, nigro maculata et punctata, magna, pigra: pinnis pectoralibus nigro maculatis, maculis transverse fasciatis : capite magno, crasso, obtuso; oculis nec magnis, nec extantibus, intervallo occi- pitali lato subsulcato : dentibus anticis abrupte et longissime pro- ductis, arcuato-incurvis. D.12 + 19 v.18; A. 20v.21; P.13; V.3; C.2tEEY ; M.B.6. 241. +1V. This ugly, heavy-looking fish attains the length of ten or twelve inches, and is at present certainly the giant of its genus, and even of the true Blennies. It is very rare, or rather local, and confined ap- parently to beaches covered with large rounded rocks or stones, amidst which a little fresh water finds its way into the sea. I have had from ten to twenty individuals, from two inches and a half in length upwards, all exhibiting the same characters. Fam. Lasrip2. Proceed. Zool. Soc. 1839, p. 84, Erratum. The two lowest para- graphs at the bottom of this page belong to the head “‘ Acantholabrus imbricatus ;’ the specific character and fin-formula of which have been transposed, by an error in the printing, from their proper place immediately before the first of these two paragraphs, beginning “« Crenilabrus luscus,” to p. 86, where they will be found forming in Italics the second paragraph from the top. Fam. Esocip2. Gen. Ecurostoma, nob. Char. Gen.—Corpus elongatum anguilliforme nudum. Caput ser- * «Tl n’y a point de tentacule au sourcil.” Cuv. et Val. xi. 228. + See Suppl. in Proceed., p. 83; Trans, iii. p. 9. 88 pentiforme, oculis magnis, rostro brevissimo obtuso, rictu magno longe diducto, mandibule inferioris symphysi barbulifero. Dentes conferti numerosi aciculares recurvi inequales, quibusdam pre- longis; intermaxillaribus vomere palatinis linguaque armatis. Apertura branchialis ampla. Opercula plana simplicia inermia. Pinne pectorales jugulares rudimentales pauci-radiate (s. quadri- radiate), prima superiore distincta (in filamentum longissime pro- ducta), tribus inferioribus brevibus membrana subcoalitis: ventrales abdominales (ad medium corporis site octo-radiate) : dosarli anali- que parvis oppositis posticis, caudali parvo lunato-furcato sub- rudimentali approximatis. EcHIOsTOMA BARBATUM. 54-V. D.15; A.18; P.1+3;V.8; C. vin" Stomias barbatus, Cuv. R. An. ii. 283, 284? This is very probably the fish briefly noticed by Cuvier under the above synonym. But it seems, at all events, sufficiently distinct generically from the Hsox or Stomias Boa of Risso (Hist. iii. 440. f. 40), with which Cuvier associates it; but which, besides having other differences indicative of generic distinction, is figured by Risso as covered with large scales, like a Microstoma or Chauliodus. Nor can I find any trace of the Madeiran fish in Risso*, or in any other work to which I have access. It may therefore be considered one of no less rarity than singularity of characters and aspect ; linking the Esocide with the Murenide, and indeed partaking more of the habit, form and colouring of the latter tribe than of the former. A single example only has been taken in a net close in shore, measuring thirteen inches and a quarter long. It was wholly devoid of silver spots, but had two rather conspicuous rows of pale pore- like dots low down on the sides, and a most singular rose-coloured, pear-shaped spot, placed obliquely beneath and a little behind the eye, at the bottom of the cheek. This soon faded to white in spirits. ‘The whole body was an uniform dark chocolate-brown, punctate with black dots disposed in bands or figures. The single beard is thick or broad and subcartilaginous, equalling in length the depth of the head. The opercles are of the usual strength and structure. Fam. SALMONID2. Gen. AuLorus, Cuv. Saurus Lacerta (Risso), Syn. p. 188, is certainly an Aulopus; and notwithstanding the larger number (15-17) of its branchial rays, is also probably the A. filamentosus of Cuvier (Rég. An. xi. 315). The reference to Risso is in such case perfectly correct; but the name, of course, must sink into a synonym, the fish being generically quite distinct enough from Saurus, Cuv. * Cuvier speaks of his Stomias barbatus being equally with Stomias Boa a discovery of M. Risso’s; but I can find no trace of the former fish in his ‘ Histoire,’ or, as Cuvier cites it, the second edition of his ‘ Ichthyology.’ 89 Gen. Saurus, Cuv. I possess the head of a third Madeiran Saurine fish, belonging truly to the genus Saurus, and not to Aulopus ; but the body having been destroyed, I must decline for the present attempting either to identify or to define it. It was of a mottled pale and scarlet colour, varied with brown or dusky, and had a distinct dark spot above at the tip of the muzzle. Gen. Merorzas, nob. I place here, as in some degree related to Scopelus, but merely provisionally, conceiving that further investigations may authorize its being formed into a new family, a most curious little fish, which i saw caught in a boat-scoop whilst swimming on the surface, about a league and a half from shore, on a hot calm day in September 1841. Although full-grown or adult, being in roe, it was only an inch and a half long, and was nearly altogether black. With reference to its affinities and position in the Cuvieran system, let it be observed, that— Ist, it is decidedly Malacopterygious, and this without apparent affinity in other points to any known Acanthopterygious genus. If it recalls to mind in some respects Pomatomus, it altogether stands aloof in scales, dentition, single dorsal fin, small eyes, &c. from that enus. ‘The fins resemble most those of a Cyprinus. Qndly, the ventral fins are not abdominal, but thoracic, which at once opposes its insertion amongst Cyprinide, Esocide, Salmonide, and Clupeide of Cuvier. In Aulopus, Cuv., indeed, the ventral fins are subthoracic, and there are other points about Metopias indi- ‘cating rather close alliance of some kind with Scopelus; but it has certainly no immediate natural affinity with the true Salmonide, or even with Sauride, either in scales, dentition, fins, or habit. It is also quite destitute of the artificial symbol of these families, having no trace of a second rudimentary or adipose dorsal fin. 3rdly, it differs toto celo from Gadide; agreeing only with the rare Mora Mediterranea, Risso, in the thick cube-shaped head and short abrupt muzzle. The ventral fins, moreover, are thoracic, not jugular ; and I could find no trace of a beard or barbule. These considerations seem to point to the propriety of regarding Metopias as belonging to a new family or tribe of Thoracic Mala- copterygians, ranging between Salmonide and Gadide; still it is very possible that a discovery of some yet unknown link with old- established groups may solve at once, as in the case of Brama longi- pinnis and Taractes, the problem of its true position. The following characters will serve meantime for its discrimination, whether they prove eventually of mere generic or still higher value. Gen. Meropias. Pinne malacopterygie ; ventrales thoracic: pinna dorsalis unica ; adiposa nulla; caudalis bifida. Squame parvee leves (cycloidex). Dentes minuti uniseriati; palatinis linguaque vomereque iner- mibus. 90 Caput magnum subcubicum nudum, fronte abrupto declivi, rostro brevi lato emarginato, rictu oblique ascendente, mandibula in- feriore longiore: oculi minuti. Opercula integra cum toto capite inermia. Corpus antice crassum, postice compressum; cum capite clave- forme. Pinne omnes ample, nude. METOoOPIAS TYPHLOPS. D.44+14; A.44+7; P15; V.1 AD a Wicd crores os aa ah ese 3v.4+1, + VIII. Piscis admodum pusillus, nigricans, capite longitudinaliter exilis- sime striato. adit quatuor primi dorsales et anales cum primo ventrali simplices, sed minime spinosi; ceteris furcatis vel ra- mosis. Fam. CLurEiIp2£. Ciupea LATIcosta.—‘ Arenque a casta larga.” C. edentula ellip- tica, lateribus latis planis, dorso abdomineque equaliter convevis ; operculis suborbitariisque obsolete striatis, illis intus gulaque nigris : squamis lunatis, linea laterali obsoleta s. nulla; pinna dorsali centrali, anali subelongata, caudali lobis gracilibus angus- tis, pectoralibus operculo subremotis. Dees TA 1 ee PY By a Sy, Co ee ee 5+4+1L+ Vill.’ M. B. 6 utringue. I had long since seen, and have often heard of this deep-sided, larger sort of Madeiran Herring, or ‘‘ Arenque,” from the fishermen, but only recently obtained an opportunity of examining it, and of discovering it to be a new species, nearest to the Pilchard; but dif- fering chiefly in its greater size, greater depth, approaching that of C. Leachii, Yarr., six, not eight-rayed branchial membrane, and in the production of the last two rays of the anal fin. Like the Pil- chard, it has the dorsal fin in the centre of gravity, and the sub- opercle cut square at the bottom. Fam. Gapipz#. Merlucius vulgaris, Cuv. The remarks upon the Madeiran Hake (Merlucius vulgaris, Syn. p- 189) at pp. 37 and 38 of my Supplement (Proceed. Zool. Soc. 1840; Trans. ili. p. 15), and the idea of its distinctness as a species from the common British or Northern Hake, arose from tracing in the form of the dorsal and anal fins in the Madeiran fish, and in Salviani’s figure of the Mediterranean Hake, a very appreciable dif- ference from my friend Mr. Yarrell’s representation of the British Hake at p.177 of the second volume of the first edition of his ‘Fishes.’ Having requested his attention to the subject, I learn, however, from the corresponding chapter of his second edition, that this difference is either inconstant or attributable to a fault in the 91 former figure; and he has furnished a new engraving of the British Hake, which leaves no doubt of its identity with the Madeiran fish, according to my first determination in the ‘ Synopsis of the Fishes of Madeira.’ No variation in the form of the fins, it may be added, has yet been observed in the Madeiran Hake. Mora Mediterranea, Risso, Hist. iii. 224. Fishing at a depth of three or four hundred fathoms off Magda- lena, five leagues to the west of Funchal, I was fortunate enough last summer (1841) to obtain many examples of both sexes of this very rare, and, even in Madeira, almost unknown fish, which Cuvier has wholly omitted in the ‘ Régne Animal.’ It forms a very distinct genus of Gadide; in shape and colours resembling Phycis Mediter- raneus, but in the large thick subcubic head, abrupt short muzzle and large scales, recalling to mind a pale-coloured Pomatomus tele- scopus. At Magdalena this last-named fish is called “‘ Pimentelle,” whilst its common Funchal name, ‘“ Ribaldo,” is assigned to Mora Mediterranea. Gen. GapELLA, nob. Char. Gen.—Corpus subellipticum, postice valde attenuatum com- pressum: capite nuchaque superne latis planis: rostro obtuso, rictu amplo largo, ore lato transverso, maxillis equalibus dentibus subscobinatis, quibusdam magnis uncinatis distantibus intersper- sis, vomere palatinis linguaque levibus inermibus: barbula nulia. Pinna dorsalis analisque unica conformis continua zqualis a nucha vel ano usque ad pinnz caudalis basin protensa, antice angustis- sima, postice latior: dorsali prima plane nulla. Pinne pectorales lanceolato-acuminatz, tenues nec carnose: ventrales jugulares parve pluri-radiate, radiis primis duobus in filamenta productis. Pinna caudalis elongato-lanceolata. Obs. Piscis pusillus, cinereo-fuscus, Motelliformis, oculis magnis, membrana branchiostega septem-radiata. GADELLA GRACILIS. D. fere 60; A. fere 60; P. 24; V.7; C. XXV. fere; M.B. 7. This new type approaches Motella, Raniceps, and Brosmius ; dif- fering from the two former in the entire absence of a nuchal groove, or of any rudiment of a first dorsal fin; and from them all in the absence of barbule, and in the shape and delicate (not fleshy) nature of the pectoral fins. A single example only has occurred, measuring four inches and one-eighth in length. Fam. Macrovurips#, nob. Macrovurus serratus. WM. pallide cinereo-fuscus, scaber, squamis pectinato-striatis, inermibus, ecarinatis : capite rostroque brevibus, simplicibus (nec celatis nec carinatis) ; oculis rotundatis ; dentibus scobinatis : pinne dorsalis prime alte radio primo valido, antice spinoso-serrato ; ventralium in filamentum producto. 1™D.1+4+ 9; 24D, 100 fere; A. 80-90; V.1+ 7v.8; P.19 M. B. 7. 92 Cuvier, in a note at p. 337 of the ‘ Régne Animal,’ vol.ii, affirms, from ‘‘ an immediate comparison,” the identity of Risso’s Lepidole- prus celorhynchus of the Mediterranean with the Macrourus rupestris of Bloch, which is described and figured by that author with the first ray of the first dorsal fin distinctly serrated in front. Yet Dr. Richardson, in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society for 1839, p- 100, speaks of “examples of celorhynchus from the Mediter- ranean and also from Madeira’’—meaning, by these latter, my Ma- crourus atlanticus, Proceed. Zool. Soc. 1839, p. 88; Trans. iii. p. 15— ** both in the Society’s Museum, none” of which ‘ have the first dorsal ray serrated.” Awaiting, therefore, further definitive information regarding the true L. celorhynchus of Risso, in reference to this character, I am compelled to give a distinct name to this second Madeiran species of Macrourus, which has the dorsal spine serrated at its fore-edge, but which, by its shorter muzzle and somewhat smaller and rounder eyes, appears, waving the question as to the serrature or non-serrature of the dorsal spine in Risso’s fish, to approach even nearer than M. at- lanticus to his L. celorhynchus. A single example only has occurred, which was not seen till it had been partly dried... Macrovrus tavis. WM. pallidus, griseus, lucidus, levigatus s. exi- lissime areolato-scaber, inermis; squamis inconspicuis minutis : capite rostroque acuto abbreviatis, simplicibus (nec celatis nec ca- rinatis) ; oculis rotundatis ; dentibus in mavilla inferiore validis, uniseriatis : pinne dorsalis prime radio primo inermi ; ventralium simplici. 1™ D. 149; 24D, et A. o; P15; V.1+7;M.B.7. This third Madeiran species of Macrourus is immediately distin- guishable from the other two by its glossy, sleek or apparently naked appearance, caused by the fineness and minuteness of its areolz or scales. It is also a more elongated fish. In the formation and pro- portions of the head, eyes and muzzle it nearly agrees with M. ser- ratus, and it has also the cheeks plain and flat, without the strong sculptured subocular keel which gives so singular and trigloid an aspect to the head of M., atlanticus. The only individual which has occurred was sixteen inches long. Fam. OpHip1Ip&. Gen. Diapuasia, nob. (Les Fierasfers, Cuvier.) Diaphasia acus. Ophidium fierasfer, Risso, iti. 212. No. 99. ; Les Fierasfers (Ophidium imberbe, L.), Cuv. Reg. Anim. ii. 359. The occurrence in Madeira of a single individual, imposes the ne- cessity of proposing, in lieu of the barbarous vernacular appellation Fierasfer, a name founded on an obvious character, and accordant with the rules of scientific nomenclature. 93 Fam. DioponTip&. Diodon reticulatus, L. Syn: p. 193.—Erratum. Expunge in the syno- nyms, “Le Diodon orbe Lacepede” ; and for ‘‘ Diodon rivulatus,” read Diodon tigrinus. Fam. SquaLiID&. Carcharias falcipinnis, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1839, p. 90; Trans. iii. p. 18. This proves, as it was suspected, to be the Squalus ustus, Dum. ; that is, Carcharias (Prionodon) melanopterus (Q. et G.) of MM. Mil- ler and Henle. Carcharias microps, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1840, p. 38; Trans. iii. p. 18. This again may perhaps be found to be identical with the imper- fectly known Squalus obscurus, Lesueur (Carcharias (Prionodon) ob- scurus, Miill. et Henle), concerning which, however, the information hitherto afforded is too scanty to allow the immediate adoption of the name. Carcharias microps differs from C. P. Sorrah, Val., as described and figured by MM. Miiller and Henle, in the equiserrate teeth, the longer and narrower pectcral fins, the smaller eyes and shorter muzzle. It differs again from C. P. Henlei (Val.), Mill. et Henle, in the long and black-tipped pectoral fins. Fam. CrenTRINID&. CENTROPHORUS CALCEUS.—“‘ Sapata.” Acanthidium calceus, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1839, p. 92; Trans. iii. p. 19. Although I have not yet succeeded in obtaining the male of this Shark, I perfectly concur in MM. Miller and Henle’s suggestion (Plag. 2" Nachtr. p. 199), that it will probably prove to belong to their genus Centrophorus, with which I was unacquainted at the time of its former publication. It is however quite distinct from either of the species they describe. The other little shark, Acanthidium pusillum, nob., with which at that time, in expectation of MM. Miller and Henle’s work, I pre- ferred associating it, though not without considerable scruple, to forming a new genus for a single species, is I think distinct specifi- cally from Spinax niger (Buon.) of these authors (Sq. Spinaz, L., Acanthidium Spinaz, nob.), with which they* have supposed it iden- tical. It must retain also the name which I have given it; that of Spinaxr, which MM. Miller and Henle, after the Prince of Canino, have assigned to the same combination of characters, belonging, by the right of priority}, to the distinct generic group to which these authors have assigned the name already otherwise or in a wider sense employed by Risso, of Acanthias, and the type of which is the Squalus Acanthias, L. Fam. Rap. Torpepo picta. T. supra purpureo-fusca (sepiolina) maculis albi- dis reticulato-marmorata : corpore latiore quam longo, cauda abbre- viata multo longiore ; pinna caudali altiore quam longa ; ventralibus amplis, dimidio caud@ longioribus : spiraculis septem-dentatis. * 2°" Nachtr. p. 199. + Cuv. Rég. Anim. ii. 391, 392 94 Torpedo marmorata, Syn. Mad. Fish. p. 195 ; nec Risso, nec aliorum. The closer analysis which, since the publication of the Madeiran fish under the name of T. marmorata, Risso, this genus has received from MM. Miiller and Henle, authorizes the proposal of it as a di- stinct and seemingly new species. It agrees with T. marmorata in the shape and relative proportions of the body-disc, the tail and cau- dal fin; but the distance from the root of the ventral fins to their free hinder edge considerably exceeds the distance from their hinder edge to that of the caudal fin; the teeth of the spiracles are not less de- veloped in full-grown fishes of a foot and a half in length than in younger examples ; and lastly, the colours are liable to no variation, and are very different from those of any of the varieties of T. mar- morata enumerated by MM. Miller and Henle. I regret I am un- able at the present moment to compare the dentition with that of T. panthera (Ehr.), Mill. und Henle, Nachtr. p. 193. Torpedo hebetans, Syn. p. 195 (Raia hebetans, Mill. und Henle, Nachtr. p. 194), in the remarkable notch on each side at the outer extremity of the front margins, most resembles T. nobiliana (Buon.), Mill. und Henle, p. 128. The disc of the body however was an inch broader than long, and the colours were too different in the only example (a male) which has yet occurred of the Madeiran fish to allow, without more evidence, its junction with this or any other Mediterranean species. Raia Maderensis, Syn. p. 195. Iam not quite prepared to acqui- esce in MM. Miller and Henle’s reference of this to R. undulata or mosaica, Auct. (See Miill. und Henle, p. 134, and Nachtr. p. 194.) The Madeiran fish is generally more or less completely rough be- neath, and always coarsely shagreened all over on the upper surface. However, this discrepancy with their account of R. undulata might be due to the small size of their specimens; but there is also still some further disagreement with regard to the large prickles in the middle of the back ; and the colours, which are constant in the Ma- deiran fish, agree only with their var. 3. Raia oxyrhynchus (Will.), Suppl. Mad. Fish. p. 92 (see Mill. und Henle, 2** Nachtr. p. 200) is truly the R. ovyrhynchus, Linn., of Miiller and Henle, p. 148, as distinguished from the nearly allied R. lintea of Fries. PreropLaTea HIRUNDO. P. glabra, supra unicolor hepatina, ros- tro vie prominulo, pinnis pectoralibus margine anteriore utrinque convexo, dein apices versus concaviusculo, corpore (postice convexo) plus duplo latiore quam longo, cauda brevissima dimidio corporis breviore, subtus linea elevata carinata, supra simplici, apicem ver- sus quadrangulari : tentaculis pone spiracula nullis. Trygon altavela, Suppl. in Proceed., p. 92; in Trans. iii. p. 20; omisso synon. Cf. Miill. und Henle, 2'** Nachtr. p. 200. Judging from MM. Miller and Henle’s account of the species of this genus, the Madeiran fish is not only distinct from the Mediter- ranean m7epumAareia of F. Columna, to which I formerly referred it, but from every other. It differs from Pt. altavela, Miill. und Henle, 95 in the uniformity of colour of the body and tail above ; in having the fore margin of the wings convex; in their greater width from point to point ; in the tail being simple, or without any trace of fin, raised line, or keel, above; and lastly, in the absence of any kind of tentacle behind the spiracles. In the second and last of these characters it approaches much more nearly the American Pt. maclura, Mill. und Henle, but differs in smoothness when adult, in colour, greater width of body, and in the tail being sharp-edged or fin-carinate beneath. From the Indian Pt. micrura, Mill. und Henle, it is abundantly di- stinct. 96 June 27, 1843. William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair. The reading of the Rev. R. T. Lowe’s paper on the Fishes of Ma- deira was resumed. Mr. Gould called attention to a rare species of Kangaroo living in the Society’s menagerie. An extensive collection, consisting of ninety-six specimens of Fishes, one Snake, a species of Pteropus, a Crab, and four nests of the Weaver-bird, was laid before the Meeting. These specimens, which are from Ceylon, were presented to the Society by D. Kelaart, Esq., Corresponding Member. Seven bottles of Reptiles from India, presented by Mr. Shaw, the son of A. N. Shaw, Esq., Corresponding Member, and a collection of Bird-skins (also from India), presented by the Rev. F. W. Hope, were likewise laid before the Meeting. J July 11, 1843. Lovell Reeve, Esq., in the Chair. The reading of the Rev. R. T. Lowe’s paper on the Fishes of Ma- deira was concluded. « Descriptions of new species of Nucula, from the collections of Sir Edward Belcher, C.B., and Hugh Cuming, Esq.,” by Mr. Hinds, were read. Nucuzta Cumineu. Nuc. testd ellipticd, tenui, epidermide virente indutd, antic abbreviatd, subrostratd, postice elongatd, rotundatd ; margine ventrali acuto, antice subemarginato, dorsali postico, pro- minulo ; cardine antic? dentibus 6, postice 19-20. Long. 11; lat. 4; alt. 74 lin. Hab. The Asiatic analogue of N. obliqua, and is widely diffused over the seas of the Indian Archipelago. It has been obtained at New Guinea; Straits of Macassar; Bolinao, San Nicholas, Sual and Bassey in the Philippines; Singapore; and Straits of Malacca; in a depth of water varying from seven to twenty-three fathoms, on a floor of mud and sandy mud. Cab. Belcher et Cuming. It is distinguished from N. obliqua by the disposition to rostration of the anterior limb, prominent dorsal margin, slight indentation at the anterior part of the ventral margin, and larger size. Nucuta mitrauis. Nuc. testd conoidali, soliduld, epidermide fuscd indutd, antic? brevissime abbreviatd, rectd ; margine dorsali posticd inclinatd, marginibus ventralibus crenulatis ; cardine antice dentibus 10, postice 28-30. Long. 54; lat. 3; alt. 4 lin. Hab. Straits of Malacca; from seventeen fathoms, mud. Cab. Belcher. The very contracted and straight anterior margin of this shell gives it the shape of a mitre, or other similar elevated head-dress. Nucuta rutcura. Nuc. testd ellipticd, solidd, sulcatd, interstitiis transversim striatis ; marginibus ventralibus crenulatis ; cardine antice dentibus 9, postice 27-29. Long. 7; lat. 4; alt. 54 lin. Hab. L’Agulhas Bank, Cape of Good Hope ; from seventy fathoms. Cab. Belcher. Nucuxa pivaricata. Nuc. testd ellipticd, antic? excavatd, subacu- minatd, postice rotundatd ; lineis divaricatis, striatd ; marginibus ventralibus crenulatis ; cardine antice dentibus 7, postic? 22-24. Long. 5; lat. 25; alt. 4 lin. Hab. China Sea ; from eighty-four fathoms. Cab. Belcher. No. CXXVI.—Procrrpines oF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 98 A single valve only was brought up from this great depth, and presents a character im its sculpture which has not hitherto been met with in any recent species, but which is also found in the fol- lowing. This peculiarity consists of the presence of lines diverging from an angle near the middle of each valve. It however occurs in an English fossil, N. Cobboldie. Nucuta castrensis. Nuc. testd ellipticd, antic? rotundatd, epider- mide olivaced indutd ; lineis divaricatis ; marginibus ventralibus crenulatis ; cardine antic? dentibus 5, postice 11. Long. 3; lat. 13; alt. 2 lin. Hab. Sitka, North-west America. A single specimen was dredged in the harbour, from seven fathoms, sand. Cab. Belcher. Noucuxa rumipa. Nuc. testd ellipticd, tumidd, striatd ; marginibus ventralibus integerrimis ; cardine antice dentibus 6, postice 15 ; intis leviter striatd. Long. 44; lat. 24; alt. 34 lin. Hab. Straits of Malacca; from seventeen fathoms, among mud. Cab. Belcher. Nucura marmoreEa. Nuc. testd ellipticd, soliduld, albidd, sulcatd ; liris ad angulum planulatis ; latere antico brevi, subacuminato ; marginibus ventralibus minute crenulatis. Long, 22; lat. 1; alt. 12'lin. Hab. Straits of Malacca; from seventeen fathoms, in society with N. tumida. Cab. Belcher. Nucuta precuivis. Nuc. testd parvd, oblique ellipticd, soliduld, epi- dermide tenui, fuscd indutd ; latere antico brevi; margine dorsali longé inclinato, ventralibus crenulatis. Long. 2 ; lat. 14; alt 1d lin. Hab. ? Cab. Belcher. A still more oblique shell than N. pisum, to which it is closely allied. Nucuta nana. Nuc. testd minima, trigono-ellipticd, levigatd, ni- tidd ; marginibus ventralibus minutissimeé crenulatis ; cardine antice dentibus 5, posticé 11 ; umbonibus fuscis. Long. 1; lat. 4; alt. 2 lin. Hab. Cagayan, island of Mindanao, Philippines ; from twenty-five fathoms, among coarse sand. Cab. Cuming. Nucuta Brxtener:. Nuc. testd politd, oblongd, sulcatd, antice elongatd, truncatd, angulatd ; ab umbone biangulatd, tertio inter- medio minori ; dentibus numerosis, serierum ambarum numero sub- equali ; margine ventrali subrecto. Long. 12; lat. 34; alt. 53 lin. Hab. L’Agulhas Bank, Cape of Good Hope; dredged from a depth of forty to fifty-four fathoms. Cab. Belcher. 99 Nucuxna sErotina. Nuc. testd politd, oblongd, sulcatd, antice elon- gatd, rotundatd, ab umbone angulatd ; margine dorsali antico sub- prominulo ; umbonibus elevatis. Long. 6; lat. 2; alt. 3 lin. Hab. Singapore ; from seven fathoms, mud. Cab. Cuming. This closely resembles a fossil from the Sutton crag. The latter is a larger shell, of somewhat different proportions, and wants the rounded anterior slope of the recent species. Nucuta TENELLA. Nuc. testd oblonga, levigatd, tenui, planulata, antic? elongatd, rotundatd ; umbonibus parvis. Long. 43; lat. 13 ; alt. 24 lin. Hab. Singapore ; from seven fathoms, mud. In society with the preceding. Cab. Cuming. Nucuta retusa. Nuc. testd parva, nitidd, levigatd, subequilate- rali, antice retusd, subacuminatd ; umbonibus elevatis. Long. 23 ; lat. 1; alt. 13 lin. Hab. St. Nicholas, Philippine Islands ; Straits of Macassar. Cab. Cuming et Belcher. If the Lamarckian species, N. nicobarica,—a transversely elon- gated, finely striated shell, with both extremities rounded and length- ened anteriorly—is taken as a type of departure for the four prece- ding species, then N. Belcheri will be distinguished by its great transverse length, polished sulcated surface, angulated lines, trun- - eated extremity, and three slight projections at the termination of the angles,—WN.. serotina by its polished sulcated surface, lengthened and rounded anterior extremity, and slightly prominent dorsal mar- gin,—N. tenella by its flattened shape, smooth polished surface, and by being lengthened and rounded anteriorly,—and N. retusa by being nearly equilateral, smooth, polished, and with the anterior portion slightly disposed to terminate in a point. Nucura crassa. Nuc. testd oblongd, ventricosd, crassd, sulcatd, antice arcuate rostratd, excavate angulatd ; liris rotundatis ; posticé valde rotundatd ; intus pallidé luted. Long. 14; lat. 6; alt. 10 lin. Hab. Australia. Cab. Cuming. Nucura tata. Nuc. testa oblongd, politd, planulatd, lineis impressis excavatd ; antic? elongatd, late rostratd, postice rotundatd ; mar- gine dorsali anticd prominuld ; umbonibus parvis. Long. 8; lat. 2; alt. 4 lin. Hab. New Guinea; in from five to twenty-three fathoms, among mud. Cab. Belcher. Nucuza caiata. Nuc. testd luteo-virente, oblongd, arguté sulcatd ; antice arcuate rostratd, sulcis paululim obliteratis ; umbonibus prominulis. Long. 7; lat. 3; alt. 4 lin. Hab, California, between 38° 18’ and 34° 24! north latitude ; 100 namely, at Russian Bodegas, San Francisco, and Santa Barbara, in from six to ten fathoms. Cab. Belcher. More ventricose and acutely beaked than N. pella, and presenting a partial obliteration of the sulci near the anterior dorsal margin. Nucuxa ventricosa. Nuc. testd oblonga, pallidé luted, ventricosé, sulcatd ; antice subrecté rostratd, umbonibus magnis, prominenti- bus ; margine ventrali antice coarctatd. Long. 7; lat. 34; alt. 5 lin. y Hab. Straits of Malacca; from seventeen fathoms, mud. Cab. Belcher. The character of the sulcation here is very different to that of the preceding species and of N. pella. Here it presents the most usual features of regular furrows with intervening ridges ; but in the other two species the ridges are inclined planes, having an inclination towards the ventral margin. In this direction they consequently present a number of step-like elevations, but not in the contrary. Nucuxa recta. Nuc. testd oblongd, tumidd, inclinate sulcatd, rect et attenuate rostratd, postice rotundatd. Long. 6; lat. 24; alt. 4 lin. Hab. New Guinea; in seven fathoms. Cab. Belcher et Cuming. Nucuta excavata. Nuc. testd globosd, sulcatd, gibbosé rostratd, antice carinatd ; lunuld excavatd, ovali, striatd. Long. 4; lat. 24; alt. 33 lin. Hab. Panama; dredged among mud in thirty fathoms. Cab. Belcher. Nucoura reticuntata. Nuc. testd parvd, oblongd, sulcatd, striis longitudinalibus interstitialibus reticulatd ; antice arcuate rostratd. Long. 3; lat. 14; alt. 2 lin. Hab. Philippine Islands, in several localities: namely, Cagayan, island of Misamis, from twenty-five fathoms ; Mindanao, from twenty- five fathoms, sandy mud; and Loay, island of Bobol, from sixty fathoms, clayey sand. Cab. Cuming. Nucura tyrata. Nuc. testd oblongd, nitidd, angulaté sulcatd, acute subrect? rostratd, postice elongatd, rotundatd ; margine ven- trali acuto integro. Long. 94; lat. 4; alt. 5 lin. Hab. Panama; from thirty fathoms. Cab. Belcher. Nucuza purtiata. Nuc. testd oblongd, nitidd, leviter striatd, an- tice breviter arcuate rostratd, postice rotundatd ; prope umbones turgidd. Long. 3; lat. 13; alt. 2 lin. Hab. Malacca; from ten to seventeen fathoms, coarse sand. Cab. Cuming et Belcher. Nucuna crispa. Nuc. testd oblongd, turgidd, sulcatd, arcuate ros- 101 tratd, antic? ab umbonibus exaratd, postic? obtuse carinatd ; lunuld ovali. Long. 3; lat. 14; alt. 2 lin. Hab. Gulf of Nicoya; from thirty-six fathoms. Cab. Belcher et Cuming. Mr. Lovell Reeve communicated a paper from Mr. Sylvanus Han- ley, containing the following ‘‘ Descriptions of five new species of bivalve Shells, from the collection of W. Metcalfe, Esq.” Genus SoLen. Soren Puruiprrnarum. Sol. testd lineari, converd, crassa, subar- cuatd, albido-lutescente ; latitudine longitudinem quintuplo supe- rante ; margine postic? rotundato, antic? convexo ; natibus ad quin- tam partem totius latitudinis collocatis ; epidermide ampld, rugosd, impolitd, olivaceo-flavescente ; dente valido, acuto, in utrdque valvd prominente. Lat. 1; long. 5 poll. Hab. ad Insulas Philippinarum. A species nearly allied to the S. ambiguus of Lamarck, from which however it differs, both in its greater curvature and in the absence of the discal rays which adorn that species. Its breadth is through- out equal, and the umbones are considerably flattened. Soten acinaces. Sol. testd lineari, nived, subdepressd, arcuatd, postice abruptd, antice attenuata, rotundatd ; latitudine longitudinem prope quadrupld superante ; margine postico vie convexo ; epider- mide nitidd flavescente ; cardine terminali, dente in utrdque valvd, unico, rotundato. Long. 2; lat. 3 poll. Hab. f A shell scarcely to be confounded with any of this genus, but with somewhat the aspect of S. scalprum. Soren cyztinpraceus. Sol. testd lineari, rectd, cylindraced, sub epidermide fugaci, albd, rubido-purpurascente variegatd ; latitu- dine longitudinem sextuplo superante ; margine antice rotundato- obtuso, postice abrupto, concavo; cardine terminali, dente sub- lunari in utrdque valvd prominente. Long. 4 ; lat. 3 poll. Hab. ? A tolerably strong shell, intermediate between the S. linearis of Wood and the S. brevis of my descriptive Catalogue. The former species is considerably narrower from the umbones to the ventral margin, these proportions being precisely reversed in the latter. The colouring likewise, which in the adult is almost entirely confined to the posterior half, differs from its arrangement in the S. brevis. MesopEsMA TRIQUETRUM. Mes. testd oblique triangulari, valdé inequilaterali, crassissimd, tumidd, leviusculd, sordidé albidd ; pos- tice brevi, rotundatd, antice productd, subacuminatd, subrostratd ; margine antico declivi, ventrali arcuato ; pube depressd ; foved liga- mentali inter nates distantes plane hiante; dentibus lateralibus magnis, validis. Long. 7; lat. 1 poll. Hab. ? ¢ 102 I know of no species which could possibly be confused with this extraordinary shell, which, from the peculiar triangular cavity be- tween the beaks (as in the genus Schizodesma of Gray), may even- tually prove the type of at least a subgenus. In the unique speci- men before me there is the appearance of ochraceous rays, but I do not venture to consider them as characteristic until the comparison with further specimens. The shape reminds one of Mulinia Donaci- formis. The cardinal tooth is bifid in the left valve. MesopgesMA PLANUM. Mes. testd ovato-sublenticulari, transversd, valde compressd, inequilaterali, utrdque extremitate rotundatd ; sub epidermide corned, albidd, levigatd ; natibus elevatis, acutis ; margine ventrali arcuato ; foved ligamentali angustd. Long. $; lat. 1 poll. Hab. ? A peculiarly flat shell, which is not unlike M. complunatum, but differs as well in the colouring of its epidermis as in many other. particulars. From the little convexity of the dorsal margins, the beaks appear extremely angulated. The teeth are obtuse, and the lateral short and approximate. Note.—The shells described by me in this and the preceding papers will be figured in Mr. Wood’s second Supplement to the ‘ Index Testaceologicus.’ A new species of Chiton, from the Philippine Islands, was exhi- bited by Mr. Cuming, which was thus characterized by Mr. G. B. Sowerby :— CuITon BrrapiatTus. Chi. testd ovali, subelongatd, subdepressd, obtuse angulatd ; areis centralibus longitudinaliter minute scabroso- sulcatis ; areis lateralibus subelevatis, utringue costis duabus bifidis validé irregulariter moniliformibus ; areis terminalibus radiatim rugoso-costatis, margine minutissime granuloso; colore pallid? fulvo, griseo maculato; margine griseo fasciato. Long. ‘60; lat. °35. Hab. Dumaguete, Ins. Negros, Philippinarum. H. Cuming legit. This species differs from Ch. Janierensis in having the lateral ribs bifid and the sculpture generally much more minute. 103 July 25, 1843. William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair. A letter from E. L. Moore, Esq., Corresponding Member, dated Newfoundland, June 16, 1843, was read. It announced that that gentleman had forwarded, as a present to the Scciety, a young Harp- Seal and two heads of the Hooded Seal, preserved in brine. Mr. Prince exhibited to the Meeting, on the part of Mr. Gould, nine new Birds, collected during the recent voyage of H.M.S. Sulphur, which, together with Coryphilus Dryas, exhibited by Mr. Gould at the meeting held on the 22nd of November 1842, and Péeroglossus erythropygius and Pterocles personatus, exhibited by him on the 14th of February 1843, comprise the whole of the ornithological novelties brought home by the expedition. The species now exhibited were Haucyon savropnaca. Hale. capite, collo, dorso superiore et corpore subtis albis, ceteris partibus saturate ceruleis, dorso vi- rescente. Head, neck, upper part of the back and all the under surface white, with the exception of the lores, which are black, and a narrow lon- gitudinal mark immediately behind the eye, which is deep blue; re- ‘mainder of the upper surface, wings and tail deep blue, tinged with green on the back and scapularies; bill black; basal half of the under mandible horn-colour ; tarsi and feet blackish brown, tinged with purple. Total length, 103 inches; bill, 22; wing, 42; tail, 33; tarsi, 2. Remark.—A typical Halcyon and one of the largest of the genus, differing from every other species known, particularly the Alcedo leucocephala of Latham, which specific term would be much more appropriate for the present bird. Hab. New Guinea. Pirra viretuina. Pip. vertice, vittd dorsali, alis, cauddque nigris ; mento, guld, pectore et torque nuchali vitellinis, partibus reliquis olivaceo-viridibus. Crown of the head, band across the back, wings and tail black ; chin, throat, ear-coverts, chest and collar round the back of the neck, beautiful yolk-of-egg yellow; rump and upper tail-coverts olive- green ; abdomen and under tail-coverts paler olive-green, into which the yellow of the chest gradually passes; bill black; legs yellowish brown. Total length, 32 inches; bill, 3; wing, 2; tail, 13; tarsi, 2. Hab. Panama. The only specimen procured is now in the British Museum. 104 Leucosticre Griseocenys. Leuc. fronte nigrd, genis et occipite cinereis, reliquis partibus fuscis ; tectricibus alarum, tectricibus caude superioribus et inferioribus, abdominisque plumis ad apicem roseo-marginatis. Forehead and throat shining black; cheeks and back of the head grey ; general plumage umber-brown ; wing-coverts, upper and under tail-coverts, flanks and abdomen, tipped with beautiful rosy red; primaries and tail-feathers brown, faintly margined with rosy red; bill yellow ; feet black. Total length, 73 inches; bill, 3; wing, 41; tail, 31; tarsi, 1. This is the largest of the Fringilline Mr. Gould has yet seen ; it is nearly allied to, but differs from, the Leucosticte tephrocotis, Swains., in the greater depth of its colouring, in the cheeks as well as the hinder part of the head being grey, and in the greater abundance of the rosy hue upon the abdomen and under tail-coverts. NEcTARINIA FLAVIGAsTRA. Nect. corpore superne flavescente- olivaceo ; lined superciliari et corpore sublis nitide flavis. Crown of the head, ear-coverts and all the upper surface yellowish olive ; stripe over the eye and all the under surface bright yellow; bill and feet black. Total length, 4} inches; bill, ?; wing, 2; tail, 13; tarsi, 6. Hab. New Ireland. The single specimen procured is in the collection of J. O. Good- ridge, Esq., Assistant-Surgeon of H.M.S. Starling. CacTornis tnornatus. Cact. corpore superiore nigrescente-fusco, singulis plumis olivaceo-fusco non sine tincturd rufescente margi- natis ; guld et corpore inferiore fulvis, plumis notd centrali obscu- riore. Crown of the head and all the upper surface blackish brown, each feather margined with reddish olive-brown, the secondaries, wing- coverts and tail being more broadly margined and inclined to buff; throat and under surface buff, each feather having a darker centre ; bill horn-colour ; feet blackish brown. Total length, 4 inches; bill, $; wing, 23 ; tail, 12; tarsi, 2. Hab. Bow Island. The only specimen procured is said to be a female. This species is I believe the only insessorial form inhabiting the island. Its prin- cipal interest consists in its forming an additional species of a small group of birds hitherto believed to be peculiar to the Galapagos Islands. In the possession of the Zoological Society, to whom it was pre- sented by the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty. PsITTAcus FLAVINUcHUS. Pitt. viridis, vittd nuchali nitide flavd ; remigum primorum pogoniis internis nigris, remigis primi pogonio externo saturate ceruleo; reliquorum pogoniis externis ad basim saturate viridibus, exindé ceruleis, remigum minorum pogoniis ex- ternis coccineo, viridi et ceruleo pictis, rectricibus utrinque tribus externis cum pogoniis internis ad basim coccineis. 105 Head, throat and under surface light green; the feathers on the sides of the neck slightly margined at the tip with black ; at the nape a broad band of beautiful yellow; back, scapularies and wing-coverts dark green, the latter with paler edges; first primary black on the inner web and deep blue on the outer, the inner webs of the remain- ing primaries black; the basal third of their outer webs green, and for the remainder of their length deep blue, the whole very slightly tipped with buff; first four primaries black on their inner webs ; their outer webs crimson for more than the basal half of their length, then green, and lastly deep blue, the two latter colours gradually blend- ing into each other ; the rest of the secondaries black on their inner and green on their outer webs, with a spot of deep blue near the ex- tremity ; tail yellowish green, crossed on the middle by a broad band of dark green, the three lateral feathers with a patch of crimson on their inner webs; basal portion of the inner webs of all the wing- feathers on their under surface deep grass-green; bill horn-colour ; feet mealy white. Total length, 14 inches ; bill, 12; wing, 9; tail, 53; tarsi, 1. Hab. Shores of South America and the Pacific. In the collection of the Zoological Society. Coccyzus FERRUGINEUS. Cocc. capite cinereo, dorso alisque satu- rate ferrugineo-fuscis, colore ad apices remigum primorum palles- cente ; caudd in medio fuscd, gradatim ad rectrices externas albes- cente ; corpore subtis fulvo. Head grey, tinged on the crown with ferruginous ; back and wings dark rusty-brown, becoming paler towards the extremities of the primaries, which are brown on their inner webs at the tip; two cen- tre tail-feathers sandy buff, passing into brown at the tip; the two next on each side sandy at the base, deepening into brown, which is darkest on the outer web; that nearest the central feathers slightly, and the next largely tipped with white; the two lateral feathers on each side buff at the base, passing into white, the inner one of the two with a line of brown down the basal two-thirds of its length ; all the under surface buff, palest on the throat ; bill olive-black, under mandible yellow at the base; feet black. Total length, 114 inches; bill, 13; wing, 54; tail, 64; tarsi, 1. Hab. Cocos island, North Pacific. In the collection of the Zoological Society. PENELOPE LEUCOGASTRA. Pene. capite et collo superiore olivaceo- fuscis, singulis plumis cinereo marginatis ; corpore superiore et alis splendide fuscis nitore metallico; caudd @neo-viridi, rectricibus externis late albo marginatis ; ubdomine et femoribus albis. Head and upper part of the neck olive-brown, each feather mar- gined with grey; back, wings and upper tail-coverts rich brown with a bronzy lustre ; tail bronzy-green margined with bronzy-brown, all but the two centre feathers broadly tipped with pure white ; chest dull brown, gradually passing into the white of the abdomen, thighs and vent; under tail-coverts light buff; bill and feet black. 106 Total length, 18 inches; bill, 14; wing, 8; tail, 9; tarsi, 2. ab. ? In the collection of the Zoological Society. Larus pracuyruynenus. Lar. capite, collo, corpore superiore, uropygio crissoque albis ; dorso alisque cinereis ; remige primo, ad pogonium externum et ad apicem, remigibusque sequentibus tribus, ad apicem, nigris ; remigibus secundo, tertio et quarto, notd cinered terminali ; quinto vittd nigrd et apice cinereo. Head, neck, all the under surface, rump, upper and under tail- coverts and tail pure white; back and wings, including the prima- ries, grey, passing into white on the tips of the scapularies, secon- daries, and all but the first five primaries,which are thus marked :— the outer primary has its external web and three inches of the tip of the inner web deep black ; the next primary is tipped with black for three inches and a half on its outer, and two inches and a half on its inner web, and has a very minute speck of grey at the extreme tip; the third primary is tipped with black for two inches, and has a small spot of grey at the extremity; the fourth is tipped with black for an inch and a quarter, and has a larger spot of grey at the extre- mity than the third; and the fifth is crossed by an irregular band of black near the tip three-quarters of an inch wide, the extremity being grey, fading into white on the margin of the inner web; bill primrose-yellow ; feet orange-yellow. Total length, 14 inches; bill, 14; wing, 121; tail, 52; tarsi, li. Hab, Russian America. The species of Ortyr exhibited were Ortyx parvicrisratus. Ort. cristd brevi, rectd, pallide fuscd, ad apicem fulvd ; fronte fulvd ; guld et vittd per latera capitis ferru- gineo-rubris ; torque collari antice angustd, postice latd, nigrd, albo guttatd et castaneo tinctd; corpore superiore cinereo-nigro et fusco adsperso ; pectore rufo, singulis plumis guttis sex pallide Julvis, et saturate fusco circumdatis, ornatis ; his apud latera et abdomen grandioribus et fusco-nigrescente. Crest short, straight, light brown tipped with buff; forehead buff; throat and a broad stripe down each side of the head, above and be- hind the eye, rusty-red ; ear-coverts brown; collar surrounding the neck narrow in front and broad, behind black, spotted with white and stained with chestnut ; centre of the back, between the shoulders, minutely freckled grey, brown and black; remainder of the back blackish brown, each feather freckled on the margin with grey ; sca- pularies freckled grey and brown, and ornamented on their inner webs with large patches of dark brown; wing-coverts freckled, and with a large spot of dark brown and another of white near the ex- tremity of each feather ; primaries jight brown fringed with greyish white, and a few indistinctly barred with freckles of the same on their outer webs; tail brown, crossed by narrow freckled bands of whitish and darker brown ; across the breast a band of greyish red blotched with a darker tint; breast rufous, each feather with six spots of light buff encircled with dark brown, the spots gradually 107 increasing in size on the flanks and lower part of the abdomen, and the rufous tint changing into blackish brown; vent buff ; under tail- coverts like the abdomen, but the markings less distinct ; bill black ; feet black. Total length, 8 inches ; bill, 2; wing, 32; tail, 23; tarsi, 1}. Hab. Santa Fé de Bogota. Nearly allied to O. Sonninz. For an additional example of that division of the Ortygide to which the subgeneric term of Odontophorus has been given, Mr. Gould proposed, from the marbled appearance of its markings, the specific term of marmoratus, with the following characters :— Ortyx (OponroPrHoRvs) MARMoRATUS. Ort. spatio circumoculari nudo, coccineo ; plumis auricularibus rufo-castaneis ; cristd elon- gatd, lard, fuscd, plumis singulis flavescenti-fusco per medium irroratis; nuchd nigrescenti-fuscd, lineis irroratis cinereis angustis, transversim fasciatd; primorum pogoniis externis arenaceo-fulvo guttatis ; corpore inferiore fusco, lineis irregularibus et crebris nigrescentibus cinereis, et arenaceo-fulvis transversim fasciato. Naked orbits, scarlet ; ear-coverts reddish chestnut ; crest length- ened, curved and flowing, dark brown, freckled down the middle of each feather with yellowish brown; back of the neck biackish brown, crossed by numerous narrow freckled bands of grey; lower part of the back yellowish brown, freckled with a darker and a lighter tint ; wings dark brown, the coverts and inner webs of the secondaries crossed by numerous broad irregular freckled bands of sandy buff; primaries spotted along their outer webs with light sandy buff; a few of the scapularies with a stripe of white freckled with black down the centre; under surface brown, crossed by numerous irregular narrow bands of blackish brown, grey, and sandy buff; bill and feet black. Total length, 9 inches; bill, $; wing, 53; tail, 2; tarsi, 14. Hab. Santa Fé@le Bogota. Nearly allied to Odon. Guianensis. And for an Albatross nearly allied to, but larger than, Diomedea chlororhyncha, and which also differs from that species in the colour- ing of the culmen, he proposed to designate DiomepEA cuLtminaTA. Diom. spatio circumoculari nigrescenti- cinereo, gradatim pallescente ; facie albd ; vertice corpore subtis et uropygio albis; dorso, alis et caudd cinerescenti-fuscis ; culmine olivaceo-flavo. Space surrounding the eye blackish grey, gradually passing into the white of the face ; crown of the head, all the under surface and rump white; back of the neck sooty-grey; back, wings and tail dark greyish brown, the latter with white shafts; culmen for its whole length olive-yellow; base of the under surface of the lower mandible fleshy horn-colour, remainder of the bill black; point of the upper mandible horn-colour ; feet bluish white. 108 Total length, 30 inches; bill, 44; wing, 20; tail, 9; tarsi, 34. Hab. Southern, Indian, and South Pacific Oceans. Mr. Fraser having carefully determined the species of birds form- ing part of an extensive collection of subjects of natural history, brought to England by Mr. Bridges, laid them before the Meeting, and communicated the following notes from that gentleman relating to their habits, ranges, &c. Sarcoramphus gryphus, Auct. Condora and Buitre. ‘Found in all the provinces of Chile, and very abundant in the elevated valleys of the Andes. Builds its nest on the shelves of in- accessible precipices, and lays from one to two large white eggs. Iris of the female dark red.” Cathartes Iota, Mol. Toté. ‘This species is found in abundance along the coast of Chile ; also in the interior; devouring dead fish and carrion of all kinds. The head of the adult bird is red when alive. Iris light brown.” Cathartes atratus, Sw. Iotecito and Ioté de Mendoza. ‘This bird is found on the eastern side of the Andes near Men- doza, and is occasionally seen in Chile in the province of Colchagua. The caruncles of the head are very large when alive, and black. Iris dark brown.” Haliaétus Aguia, Temm. Aguila of the Spanish, Calquin of the In- dians. ‘« This bird inhabits the retired woody and mountainous parts of the country. It sometimes soars to a great height. Its principal food is partridges and domestic fowls. The young appear to accom- pany the old for at least six months, and depend on them till that age for food. I have frequently seen an eagle catch a patridge and carry it to its young that would be waiting on a or rock ready to receive it. Iris light brown; legs pale yellow; cere yellow. Builds its nest on the tops of trees, and lays from three to four dirty- white eggs.” Polyborus Brasiliensis, Sw. Traro and Taro. “ Feeds on carrion, worms, frogs and the larva of insects. It is common to see these birds following the ploughman, picking up worms, &c. in the newly broken soil. They build their nests in trees: the nest is composed of sticks and stems of a species of Ru- mex, and on the outside is a kind of platform where the male sits during the setting of the hen. The eggs are dirty white spotted with brown. Iris brown; legs and cere yellow. When pressed by hunger it attacks chickens.” Phalocobenus montanus, D’Orb. Tuique de la Cordelliera. «This is a very rare bird, occurring only in the valleys of the Andes at an elevation of from 5000 to 8000 feet. Found in pairs. Iris dark brown.” 109 Milvago pezoporos, Meyen. Tuique. *‘Common in all parts of Chile. Habits the same as the Traro (Pol. Brasiliensis). Iris brown; legs light brown or grey.” Buteo erythronotus, King. Aguilucha. «This is the small eagle of Chile, as its name in Spanish implies. It inhabits the open parts of the country, and is mostly seen perched on the top of a solitary tree enjoying the sun in the afternoon. Base of the bill, cere and legs greenish yellow; iris brown. Food, rats and small birds.” Astur unicinctus, Temm., Pl. Col. 313. Peuco. «This species of hawk is found in the retired and woody parts of the country: it appears to seek the shade during the day and hunts its food in the evening. Iris light brown.” Falco anutum, Bonap. Gavilan. ‘«‘ The Gavilan is a rare bird in Chile, and the most rapid on the wing of all the Chilian hawks. It is occasionally seen in open parts of the country perched on a rock-stone. Iris brown; legs and nos- trils yellow.” Falco femoralis, Temm. Alcon. ‘« This is the species of hawk in Chile used for hunting partridges. It is easily domesticated. I have seen them caught in a net for the purpose of hawking, and in fifteen days afterwards follow their master and hunt partridges when sprung by the dogs. Base of the bill and margins of the eyes bright yellow ; iris dark brown.” Tinnunculus Sparverius. Sarnicula. «This is the smallest of the hawk tribe in Chile. It is said to build its nest in holes of trees. The female is easily distinguished from the male by the bands across the tail-feathers. Iris dark brown.” Circus cinereus, Vieill. Nublina is the name for the adult male, and Barril for the female and young. ** This species is less rapid in its motions than the other hawks, and generally flies nearer the ground. It feeds chiefly on rats and mice. The ruff of feathers round the head gives it the appearance of an owl. Iris bright yellow.” Elanus dispar. Baylarin. “This is the rarest of the Chilian hawks. It hovers over its prey, and from that it takes its name, which signifies dancer. Eyes large ; iris yellow. Found in pairs. It appears to be migratory, making its appearance during the winter.” Athene cunicularia, Mol., Hist. de Chile, pp. 293 and 390. Piqueu. «* This species lives in holes in the ground, which it makes to a con- siderable depth. In the afternoon it comes out of its cave and basks in the sun. It appears to live in communities, as several inhabit the same cave. Iris bright yellow.” Athene ferox, Vieill. Chucho. “This is the smallest species of owl found in Chile; it is very destructive to pigeons, killing the young and eating only the brains of 4 110 its victims. It is much dreaded by small birds, and the hiding-place of the Chucho is frequently discovered by their cries. It makes its nest in holes of trees. Iris yellow.” Otus palustris, Gould. Nuco. «A rare species of owl, found in the province of Colchagua. Iris yellow.” Strix perlata, Licht. Lechusa. . *‘ Inhabits old houses, and in holes in precipices made by the par- rots. Rare in Chile.” Bubo Virginianus, Wils. Tiicvirdre. «The largest species of owl found in Chile. It inhabits woods and may occasionally be found sleeping during the day. It has de- rived its name from its note. Iris pale yellow.” Caprimulgus bifasciatus, Gould. Plasta and Gallina ciega. «This bird is found in bushy places on the east and west side of the Andes. Iris brown. The female is rarer than the male. It is called Plasta from its laying flat on the ground: Gallina ciega in Spanish signifies Blind-hen.” Hirundo leucopygia, Licht. Golondrina. “Called in the Indian language Pi/mayqueu. It builds its nest, which is composed of grass and feathers, in holes under the tiles of houses. Remains in Chile throughout the year.” Ceryle torquata, Gmel. Martin Pescador. «‘The Indian name of this bird is Quete Quete. It inhabits all the southern provinces of Chile, and may be generally seen sitting on a bough over the water waiting for fish: it darts down upon them with astonishing rapidity. Iris dark brown.” Myiobius parvirostris, Gould. Pio. «This little flycatcher makes its appearance near Valparaiso in gardens and on the mountains in September. It is called Pio from its note. Iris brown.” Myiobius albiceps, G. R. Gray. Binda. “This little bird inhabits lonely and shady ravines. It has asin- gular and mournful note, from whence it has derived its name of Binda or Widow-bird. Iris brown.” Serpophaga parulus, Gould. Torito and Cachudita. «This singular little bird inhabits gardens, and bushy situations on the mountains, in Chile. It takes its name, Cachudita, from the feather on the top of the head resembling a horn, cacho bemg a term for horn in Spanish. Feeds on small insects. Iris pale yellow.” Lichenops perspicillata, G. R. Gray. Colegial. «This interesting little bird is always found near margins of rivers and marshes: when flying it has a singular appearance, as it then displays the white tips of its wings. Iris and margin of the eye bright yellow.” The Lichenops erythropterus, Gould, is either the female or young of the above species. 111 Xolmis pyrope, G. R. Gray. Thincon and Dincon. ‘This bird is migratory: it visits the coast in the winter and spring months, and during the summer retires to the elevated parts of the country. Its food is flies and other insects. Iris bright red.” Agriornis gutturalis, Gould. Mero and Zorzal Mero. “This bird is found in the central provinces of Chile. Its food is insects. Iris brown.” Agriornis maritimus, G. R. Gray. Mero de la Cordelliera. ‘This bird inhabits the elevated valleys of the Andes on the east and west sides. Iris brown.” Turdus Falklandicus, Quoy et Gaim. Zorzal. “ Found in all parts of Chile. Iris brown.” Mimus Thenca, Mol. Tenca and Trenca. «« This bird is certainly the most celebrated for its song of all the birds in Chile: it sings during the months of September, October and November. It frequently builds its nest. on the tall Catus*. The eggs so much resemble the eggs of the blackbird of Europe that it would be difficult to distinguish them; nor is the nest unlike. It feeds on flies like the Muscicapa. Iris yellowish green.” Opetiorhynchus nigrofumosus, G. R. Gray. Molinero. “Inhabits the sea-shore in rocky places, margins of rivers, brooks and ditches. It has a most agreeable note or warble, and flaps its wings whilst singing. Iris brown.” Opetiorhynchus vulgaris, G. R. Gray. _ Churete. «Habits and manners the same as O. nigrofumosus.” Geositta (Furnarius) canicularia, G. R. Gray. Caminante. ‘Found on the plains in the intermediate provinces of Chile.” ‘Uppucerthia dumetoria, Is. Geoff. *« Inhabits the elevated valleys of the Andes. Iris brown.” Pteroptochos megapodius, Vig. Turco. «« The Turco is found in the ravines or quebradas near Valparaiso.” Pteroptochos albicollis, Kittl. Tapaculo. «This bird is found in all the central provinces of Chile, espe- cially where the Octodon Cumingii abounds: when pursued it takes shelter in holes made by the Octodon, and appears to live in har- mony with that little animal. Its food is no doubt insects, worms, &c., which it obtains with its strong claws by scratching under trees and bushes. Iris brown.” Scytalopus Magellanicus, G.R. Gray. Chircan negro. ‘«Inhabits hedges in various parts of Chile.” Troglodytes Magellanicus, Gould. Chircan. “This little wren builds its nest with twigs of Trevoa trinervis, and lines the inside with feathers: the nest is found in holes of trees and walls. It sings beautifully during the summer. Eggs white * So in manuscript. 112 with reddish-brown spots. Inhabits gardens and hedges near Val- paraiso.” Synallaxis rufogularis, Gould. ‘* Found near marshes amongst large aquatic plants.” Synallazis pumicola, Kittl. Bolaria. “This bird is somewhat rare, is fond of bushy situations on the mountains, and builds a cylindrical nest with a hole on the top, composed of twigs of Trevoa trinervis; the inside is lined with the down of a species of Gnaphalium : it lays from four to six eggs. Iris brown.” Synallaxis egithaloides, Kittl. Colilarga. “‘Inhabits woody and bushy places, seeking insects in the trunks of trees and amongst bushes.” Synallazis spinicauda, King. ‘Inhabits woody situations in the interior of the country.” Oxyurus dorso-maculatus, D’Orb. ‘Found near marshes amongst large aquatic plants. A very rare bird.” Dendrodramus leucosternon, Gould. Carpentero Pardo. *‘Inhabits woods in the province of Colchagua near the Andes. Rare.” Muscisaxicola mentalis, D’Orb. “This little bird migrates to the coast in flocks in the months of June, July and August. Iris brown.” Muscisazicola rufivertexr, D’Orb. “‘Inhabits elevated mountains of the Andes, near the snow.” Muscisazicola nigra, Less. Animita. *‘Inhabits margins of rivers in sandy places. Found in pairs the whole year.”’ Anthus correndera, Vieill. “This interesting little bird inhabits moist plains and margins of marshes : when it flies it expands its tail and shows the two exterior white feathers : it is remarkably tame, and hides itself amongst high grass. Iris brown.” Cyanotis omnicolor, Swains. Pajaro de Siete colores. Crithagra? brevirostris, Gould. Chirique. «The Chirique is seen in the interior and on the coast of Chile in flocks of several thousands together. It builds its nest among high grass on the ground. Eggs dirty white with brown spots.” Chrysometris campestris, Gould. Zilguero. “This little bird is common about Valparaiso in the months of September and October, on the mountains. It is caught with bird- lime and in trap-cages, and sold in the market. It is kept in cages for its song, which is almost as agreeable as that of the canary. Iris brown.” 113 Chrysometris Magellanicus, Bonap. Zuilguero de la Cordelliera. «« This little bird confines itself to the valleys of the Andes on the east and west side. Iris brown.” Zonotrichia mutatina, G.R. Gray. Chincol. «‘ Found in all parts of Chile, also in valleys of the east side of the Andes: builds its nest on bushes. Eggs white with brown spots.” Fringilla alaudina, Kittl. Pichiquina. “'Fhis little bird makes its appearance in the summer months : inhabits corn-fields: builds its nest on the ground, and lays from four to five whitish eggs with brown spots. Iris dark brown.” Fringilla fruticeti, Kittl. Jalé. «« Inhabits hedges and bushy situations. Iris brown.” Fringilla Gayi, Edoy. et Gerv. Cometocina. «The Cometocina visits the coast of Chile during the winter, and in summer it migrates to the valleys of the Andes. It is found both on the east and west sides. ‘The name in Spanish signifies Bacon-eater; but why so called I know not. Iris light brown.” Fringilla Diuca, Mol. Thiuca and Diuca. «The Diuca is common in all parts of Chile: during the summer months it sings before the dawn of day and in the afternoon. It is a splendid sight to see the sun rise over the Andes in the months of October and November, and the pleasure is moreover enhanced by the warbling of a thousand Diucas. It builds its nest in bushes, and lays from four to six dirty-brown-coloured eggs. Iris light brown.” Emberiza luteocephala, D’Orb. Canaria. “‘Inhabits the elevated valleys of the Andes, east and west sides. Iris reddish brown.” Phytotoma rara, Mol. ‘Called Rara by the natives, and is generally found near houses on bushes and hedges. It is a most mischievous bird in gardens, doing considerable damage to young plants by cutting them in two with its serrated beak : it appears to live on the juice of the plants. The note of this bird is singularly harsh, resembling more the croak- ing of a frog than the note of a bird. Iris bright red.” Sturnella Loica, Mol. Loica. “The Loica is found in all parts of Chile. It congregates in winter on the plains, builds its nest on the ground amongst grass, and lays from four to six whitish eggs with brown spots. ‘These birds often prove an annoyance to the sportsman in Chile, from the dogs pointing at them as at partridges. Iris brown.” Icterus Thilius, Mol. Thili or Trili. *« Occurs in marshy situations, and builds its nest amongst reeds, rushes and light grass: eggs white with brown spots. Iris dark brown.” Agelaius curaceus, Mol. Tordo. *« This bird is found in all the intermediate provinces of Chile. It congregates in the winter like the Loicaand Thili. The Tordo builds 114 its nest on trees: in size and material the nest resembles that of the thrush of Europe, and is lined with mud inside in the same manner. It lays from four to six eggs of a pale blue colour inclining to white. This bird is easily domesticated, and may be taught to whistle and talk. Iris dark brown.” Conurus cyanolysios, Mol. Psit. Patachinus, Vig. Loro and Tricague. “It makes holes in the precipices near rivers several yards in length, where it deposits its nest and eggs. The eggs are white and almost round, and vary from three to six in number. The young are highly esteemed for the table, and are obtained by attaching a fish-hook to the end of a long pliable stick, which is thrust into the hole and turned round, or drawn backwards and forwards, until such time as the person using it considers his object secured. Thenatives when employed in capturing these birds incur considerable danger, since they suspend themselves from the tops of high precipices by means of a laso or hide-rope, which is either secured to a tree or stake or held by two or three persons, who move as occasion re- quires. Iris white.” F Psittacara cheroyeus, Mol. (P. leptorhynchus, Vig.) Cheroy. “‘Inhabits the province of Colchagua.” Colaptes Pitiguus, Mol. Colaptes Chilensis, Vig. Pitigue. «The Pitigue is found in all the southern provinces of Chile in woody situations ; sometimes it may be seen on the ground seeking worms and grubs. It takes its name from its cry or scream, which may be heard at a great distance. Molina has committed an error by stating that this, unlike the rest of the family to which it belongs, builds its nest in holes in the ground. I have frequently found its nest in holes of trees, but never do I remember having seen or heard of an instance of its building as Molina asserts. The flesh is eaten. Iris greenish yellow. Eggs white.” Picus lignarius, Mol. Picus Kingii, G.R. Gray. Carpentero. ‘“‘Inhabits woods and hedges.” Trochilus gigas, Vieill. Picaflor grande. “The Troch. gigas is found in all the intermediate provinces of Chile: it is seen about Valparaiso during the spring and summer months, feeding on the flowers of Powrretia coarctata and Lobelia polyphylla in preference to others. It generally builds its nest near a little rivulet, frequently on a solitary twig or branch over the water ; the nest is beautifully constructed, and is composed of moss and the down of a species of Gnaphalium. Eggs white; iris dark brown. Catches flies.” Trochilus Millerii, Loddiges. Picaflor de la Cordelliera. “This beautiful and rare species of humming-bird is only found in the elevated valleys of the Andes, residing amongst storms of hail, rain and thunder, and in places where the naturalist would least expect to find a species of Trochilus. It subsists more upon simall flies than upon the nectar of flowers. On examination of the crops I found them filled with flies, which they take before sun-down along 115 the margins of the mountain rivulets. The specimens in the present collection were taken at Los ojos de Agua, province of Aconcagua, at an elevation of from 6000 to 8000 feet, and I saw them at least 1000 feet above that place. Iris brown.” Trochilus galeritus, Mol. (T. Kingii, Vig., T. sephanoides, Less.) Pi- caflor. Bound about Valparaiso in abundance in the months of August, September and October. Feeds on the Loranthus tetrandrus, a parasitic plant growing on the olive. It is taken by the boys with bird-lime, made from the berries of the above-mentioned plant. This species of humming-bird is seen as far south as the island of Chiloe, in lat. 42° south. The females are destitute of the flame-colour on the head, and appear to be less numerous than the males.” Columba Fitzroyi, King. Torcasa and Torquasa. «‘The Torcasa is found in all the southern provinces of Chile. Near Santiago it assembles in the winter in immense flocks, feeding on young grass and Alfalfa. In summer it migrates to the forests of the southern provinces to rear its young, and then feeds on the berries of the laurel. Iris reddish brown.” Columba Boliviana, D’Orb. Tortola Cordellierana, i.e. Dove of the Andes. «©This dove inhabits the Andes, but in winter it visits the coast for a short time. When put to flight it makes a whistling noise with its wings. Generally seen in small flocks.” Zenaida aurita, Temm. Tortola. “This is the most common of the Columbide found in Chile. It assembles in winter in large flocks, and is killed and brought to the markets of Santiago and Valparaiso in large quantities. Iris dark brown.” Columbina strepitans, Spix. Tortolita cyana. “This pretty little species of dove is found in the valley of Acon- cagua in Chile, and more abundantly on the eastern side of the Andes near Mendoza. Iris greenish white.” Nocthura perdicaria, G.R. Gray. Perdiz. “This bird is dispersed over all the Republic of Chile ; it is found on the bushy sides of the mountains and in corn-fields. They are either solitary or in pairs, but never congregate: their eggs are of a beautiful dark purple colour, and from ten to fifteen in number. When sprung they utter a shrill whistle, and their flight is very rapid for a short distance. The male scarcely differs in plumage from the female. Iris brown.” Tinochorus D’Orbignianus. Perdiz de la Cordelliera. “‘Inhabits elevated valleys and mountains of the Andes, both on the east and west sides. The male shows a strong attachment for its mate, and calls her immediately when separated. Found in pairs. Iris brown.” 116 Tinochorus Eschscholtzii. Perdizita and Perdigon. “This interesting little bird is found on plains in Chile. When it rises from the ground it takes a rapid and circular flight, often re- turning to the same spot from whence it rose. In winter they as- semble in flocks. Iris brown.” Eudromia elegans, D’Orb. Martinella. ‘Found in pairs on the Pampas near Mendoza.” Hematopus niger, Temm. Tira Tira. ** Found along rocky shores in small flocks: it utters a loud shrill whistle when put to flight. Feeds on Buccinum concholepas and the various species of Patella. Legs white; iris yellow.” Hematopus palliatus, Temm. Pilpileu. *‘ Inhabits sandy shores of Chile north of Valparaiso. It feeds on marine insects and assembles in small flocks. Iris yellow; legs white.” Ardea major ? Mol. (Ardea Cocot? Linn.) Cuca. «This fine species of Ardea is probably the A. major, Mol.; it is very rare, and is only seen occasionally along the banks of rivers in the southern provinces of Chile.” Ardea Thula, Mol. Garsa cirigonia and Garsa Chica. “Tris pale yellow ; fore part of the legs black ; hinder part yellow- ish green. Food small fish, frogs, and the larvee of Libellule congre- gates in the spring. Builds its nest on trees near lakes, ponds and marshes.” Herodias galatea, Mol. (Herodias leuce.) Garsa grande. ‘‘ Inhabits lakes, marshes and rivers. Iris pale yellow; bill yellow ; legs black.” Ciconia Pillus, Mol. (Ciconia Maguari.) Pillo and Pillu ; pronounced Peel-yu and Pe-yu. «« This noble bird is often seen in the marshes of the province of Colchagua, and feeds on a species of lobster, called by the natives Cangrejo, which is abundant in the marshes and moist meadows. The habitat of the Cangrejo may be known by the extraordinary cy- linders which it makes with the mud taken from its caves ; sometimes they are elevated a foot above the surface of the soil, looking like so many little columns. The Pillu whilst stalking amongst them catches the Cangrejo on the top depositing its load brought from the bottom of the cave. I once took from the crop of those birds three entire mice, no doubt caught by them amongst the grass in the marshes. Iris pale yellow.” Nycticorax cyanocephalus, Mol. (Nyc. Americanus, Bonap.) Guedavo, Huedavo. “This appears to be the Ardea cyanocephala, Mol., p. 260. It may almost be considered a nocturnal bird; it flies and seeks its food in the evening; during the day it is generally seen sleeping on trees or bushes whose branches extend over the water. Iris large, pale orange-colour ; legs yellowish green; eggs pale blue. Flesh said to 117 be excellent eating. This bird varies much in its plumage accord- ing to age.” Phenicopterus Chilensis, Mol. (Phen. ignicapillus, Is. Geoff.) Flé- menco and Cheuque. «Inhabits shallows in the lakes and rivers, especially in the south- ern provinces of Chile. Eye small; iris pale yellow; base of the bill rose-colour ; point of the bill to the curvature black ; legs sea-green, inclining to grey ; feet and heel-joint deep rose or pink colour. It is a magnificent sight to see five hundred of these beautiful birds in a flock, wading in the shallows of the lakes, and no less so when they rise on the wing ; the contrast of the black feathers beneath the wings and the lovely scarlet and rose colours producing a very plea- sing effect. I have never been able to ascertain where these birds build their nest, but it is probably in the remote and elevated valleys of the Andes in marshy places, together with the numerous species of the Anatide.” Platalea ajaja, Linn. Cuchareta, 7. e. Spoonbill. «* A rare bird in Chile; it is found in small flocks of five or six along the margins of rivers south of Valparaiso, and is a shy bird.” Harpiprion Cayanensis (Ibis (Falcinellus) Ordi, Bonap.). Cuervo and Gallereta. “The Cuervo inhabits marshy places and occurs in immense flocks. When on the wing it always flies in some geometrical figure. Food aquatic insects. Iris crimson.” Theristicus melanops, Wagl. Banduria. ««The Banduria is rot uncommon in the interior of Chile. Fre- quently seen in marshy places in small flocks ; builds its nest on trees near water. It is easily domesticated. ‘The flesh is eaten by the natives. Iris pale red.” Numenius Hudsonicus, Lath. Perdiz de la Mar. ‘‘ Inhabits sandy bays along the shores of Chile. Feeds on marine insects.” Himantopus nigricollis, Vieill. Perrito. “‘Inhabits the margins of lakes and rivers. Legs red; iris dark brown.” Philomachus Chilensis, Mol. (Vanellus Cayanus, Auct.) Queltregue and Queltegue. «A very common bird on the plains near the Andes; it feeds on locusts during the summer. The eggs of this bird, in size and co- lour, resemble those of the lapwing of England, so much so that it would be difficult to distinguish them, and are also excellent eating. Iris pale purple.” Oreophilus totanirostris, Jard. & Selb. “This is a very rare bird, probably a native of the Andes. It makes its appearance on the plains in small flocks in the winter, Iris brown. Rare.” 118 Strepsilas Interpres, Il. ‘«‘Inhabits sandy shores and mouths of rivers. Iris brown.” Charadrius Virginianus, Wils. ‘‘Inhabits sandy shores and mouths of rivers. Iris brown.” Squatarola Urvillit (Squatarola cincta, Jard.; Charadrius rubecala, King). “‘Inhabits sandy shores and mouths of rivers. Iris brown.” Hiaticula bifasciata. ‘‘Inhabits the shores and margins of lakes in Chile.” Phalaropus Wilsonii, Sab. “‘ Inhabits the lake of Quintero. Rare.” Limosa Hudsonicus, Sw. Avecasina de la Mar, i. e. Sea-Snipe. “‘Inhabits the mouths of rivers near the sea. Rare.” Scolopax Paraguaie, Vieill. Avecasina and Porrotero. “ Found in large flocks in the marshes during winter. Iris brown.” Rhynchea semicollaris, G.R. Gray. Avecasino pintada, 7. e. Painted Snipe. “Inhabits marshes. Bill and legs pale green; iris brown.” Rallus sanguinolentus, Sw. Piden. ‘Tris bright red; bill blue at the base and light green at the tip. Inhabits marshes and margins of rivers. The flesh is highly esteemed ; by the Chilenos considered equal to that of the partridge.” Gallinula crassirostris, J. E. Gray. Taguita. «The Taguita is found in marshes, rivers and lakes. Iris red; legs brown; bill pale green. Eggs brown or dirty white with red- dish spots.” Fulica galeata, G. R. Gray. «Found abundantly in the lakes of Quintero and Santa Domingo. Legs reddish brown.” Anser melanopterus, Eyton. Pinguen. « Found during the winter, in pairs, on plains near the Andes, in the province of Colchagua.”’ Chlephaga Magellanica, Ryton. Canquena. «Found in the winter months on the plains.” Cygnus nigricollis. Cisne. ‘This noble bird is found in all the lakes near the coast of Chile. Iris brown. In pairs.” Rhynchaspis maculatus. Pato Abaston. *« Found in lakes and rivers near the sea.” Querquedula creccoides, Eyton. Pata Jergon Chico. «Tnhabits rivers and lakes. Common. Iris brown. Querquedula cerulata, Eyton (Anas Raffesii, Vig.). Pato colorado, or Red Duck. « This beautiful species of duck is found in the lakes and rivers in small flocks. Iris pale red.” ” 119 Mareca Chiloensis, Eyton. Pato real, or Royal Duck. «Inhabits rivers and lakes. Found in pairs.”’ Anas chalcoptera, Kitt). (Anas specularis, King.) Pato del Estero. «“ This is a rare species of duck: it inhabits the rivers and lakes in the province of Colchagua where wood abounds. It does not congregate like the other species, but is mostly seen in pairs. Ivis brown; web between the toes black.” Anas Bahamensis ? Linn. Pato Jergon grande. “ Tnhabits rivers andlakes. Common. Iris brown.” Erismatura ferruginea, Eyton. Pato Pimpillo. « This is a very difficult bird to obtain, being very shy and diving when you approach within gun-shot of it. Found in the lake of Quintero.” Podiceps Kalipareus, Quoy et Gaim. Gualita de la Mar. “This species confines itself to the sea, and assembles in large flocks in the months of September and October. Found in the bay of Valparaiso and along the coast. Iris red.” Podiceps Rollandii, Quoy et Gaim. Pollolo. « Inhabits rivers and freshwater lakes near the coast. Iris red.” Podiceps Chilensis, Garnot. Guala and Gualon. «This fine species of grebe inhabits the sea and freshwater lakes near the coast of Chile. Iris light brown.” Puffinus cinereus, Steph. “Rocky islets near the bay of Quintero.” Pelecanoides Garnotii, G.R. Gray. Palo yunco. ‘‘Inhabits the bay of Quintero. Rare.” Procellaria glacialoides, Smith. «‘ Found in the bay of Valparaiso.” Daption Capensis, Steph. Tablero. «« Found off the coast of Chile, from thirty to forty miles distant from land. Iris dark brown.” Merganetta armata, Gould. Pato de la Cordelliera. Larus dominicans ? Licht. Quilla. «‘ Inhabits the shores of Chile; in sandy shallows near the mouths of rivers. Iris brown.” Xema (Chroicocephalus) cirrocephalum, G.R. Gray. Caguil. “ Found with L. dominicans ?” Rhynchops nigra, Linn. Tijereta, or Scissor-bird. “« This species of Rhynchops inhabits the coast of Chile ; its favourite abode is the warm sandy shallows in the lakes and mouths of rivers. It assembles in large flocks in the spring. Iris brown; legs red.” Phalacrocorax Gaimardii (Phalacrocorae cirriger, King). Pato Lila. “Inhabits the bay of Valparaiso. Iris dark green; legs red.” Phalacrocorar Brasiliensis ? Spix. Yeco and Pato dei Diablo, or Devil Duck. 120 «‘ This bird builds its nest on the summits of the loftiest trees, in flocks of many thousands in the bay of Valdivia, near a place called Los Guauros, south of the island of Mansera. it is impossible to remain long in the place where they build, owing to the offensive smell occasioned by their dung, together with the putrid fish which falls from the trees brought for their young. They obtain their food by diving near the rocks along the shore, and are capable of remain- ing long under water. Iris sea-green.” Sula ? Piguero. «The Piguero inhabits the coast of Chile from the island of Chi- loe to Copiapo. It is amusing to watch the motions of this bird when flying over the surface of the sea. The moment it perceives a fish, it folds its wings and falls with the rapidity of lightning into the water, diving no doubt to a considerable depth, and often rises with the fish in its mouth. ‘The base of the bill, gullet and legs are a beautiful light purple. Iris light brown.” The following species are found ia the vicinity of the city of Men- doza, and are not found on the western side of the Andes :— Progne purpurea, Boie. Golondrina. «This beautiful bird makes its nest in holes along the steep banks of the rivers of Mendoza; also in precipices near the thermal springs at Villa Vicencia. Iris dark brown.” Muscivora Tyrannus, Gray. Tijerata. «‘This singular bird is very pugnacious when setting; when on the wing it extends its tail, which gives it a very singular appear- ance. It takes its name from its tail resembling a pair of scissors. Inhabits fields and vineyards near Mendoza. Iris dark brown.” Lichenops (Fluvicola cyanirostris, D’Orb.). Virey. «This curious little bird receives its name from its note, which it makes on the wing. It perches on the top of a bush, and on a sud- den ascends for two yards in the air, and whilst so doing calls out ‘ Vi-rey, returning to the same twig from whence it rose. It feeds on flies and insects, and inhabits the valleys of the Andes near Villa Vicencia. Bill blue; legs black; iris dark brown.” Turdus fuscater, D’Orb. Zorzal. “ Inhabits the vicinity of Mendoza. Iris brown. Sings equal to the blackbird of England.” Mimus tricaudatus, D’Orb. Calandria. “ This bird has a soft and melodious note; it sings when the sun is nearly lost in the horizon, which perhaps may give it a greater charm. Iris brown.” There is in the collection another species from this locality (Men- doza) calied Trenca, the technical name of which has not yet been made out. Rhynomya lanceolata, D’Orb. Turco. “ Found in bushy places on the Pampas near the river Tunilyan. Iris brown.” 121 Molothrus niger, Gould. Tordo. «Found in small flocks in fields near Mendoza. Iris dark brown.” Diplopterus guira, Gray. Urraca, or Magpie. «“ This bird is noisy and restless in its habits; it is found in gar- dens, vineyards, &c. near Mendoza. Iris pale yellow.” Mr. Fraser observed that an entire series of the above Chilian Birds is contained in the museum of the Earl of Derby. 122 August 8, 1843. Prof. Owen in the Chair. A letter from the Society’s Corresponding Member, H. J. Ross, Esq., was read. ‘This letter is dated Malta, July 3, 18438, and an- nounces the receipt of various packages forwarded to Mr. Ross by the Society. This gentleman offers his services in collecting for the Society at Malta, and gives an account of a species of Petrel found in that island, which he thinks is possibly new to science. He ob- serves, moreover, that in his former letters he had omitted to state that the Common Nuthatch (Sitta Europea) is common at Kaipariah. Mr. Fraser stated that he had received the following observations from Mr. George Loddiges, relating to some species of Humming Birds described in the Society’s Proceedings :— Ornismya vestita, Revue Zoologique, 1838, p. 314; 1839, p. 18; 1840, p. 8, is your Trochilus uropygialis, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1840, p.15. O. heteropogon, Revue Zool. 1839, p. 354; Mag. de Zool., 1840, pl. 12, Oiseaux, is your 7. coruscus. O. microrhyncha, Boissenneau, Revue Zool. 1839, p. 354, Dec. ; Mag. de Zool. 1840, pl. 16, Oiseaux, is your T. brachyrhynchus. O. ensifera, Revue Zool. 1839, p. 354, Dec. ; Mag. de Zool. 1840, pl. 15, Oiseaux, is your T. Derbianus. O. Bonapartie, Revue Zool. 1840, p. 6, is my 7. pecan The female only is described. O. Temminckii, Revue Zool. 1839, p. 354, Dec.; Mag. de Zool. 1840, pl. 14, Oiseaux, is my 7. cyanopterus. O. Guerinii, Boissenneau, Revue Zool. 1840, p. 7, Jan., is your T. parvirostris. The female only is in both described. O. La Fresnayi, Revue Zool. 1840, p. 8, Jan., is your T. flavi- caudatus. O. Allardi, Bourcier, Revue Zool. 1839, p. 294, Oct.; O. Allardi, Bourc., Anal. des Sci. Physiques de Lyon, iii. p. 226; O. Pauline, Boissenneau, Revue Zool. 1839, p. 355, Dec. ; Mag. de Zool., pl. 13, 1840, D’Orbigny’s smaragdinocollis, is my T. Tyrianthinus, Mr. Fraser read a portion of a letter from the Earl of Derby, Pre- sident, relating to the hatching and rearing of Fire-back Pheasants in his Lordship’ s menagerie. A species of Cercopithecus recently added to the Society’s mena- gerie was exhibited. Of this species, the Secretary observed, he had seen several specimens, and that in the Leyden Museum it is labelled as the Cercopithecus lunulatus of Kuhl. August 22nd, September 12th and 26th, and October 10th, no meetings were held. No. CXXVII,—Procrepines or THE Zoo. Soc. October 24, 1843. William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair. A letter from the Society’s Corresponding Member, J. B. Harvey, Esq., was read. In this letter, which is dated Port Lincoln, February 14, 1843, Mr. Harvey announces that he had forwarded for the So- ciety’s Museum several jars, containing numerous zoological sub- jects preserved in spirit. ‘The specimens referred to were laid before the Meeting, and were contained in seventeen bottles; among them were many invertebrate animals of considerable interest and some specimens of marsupial mammals in a foetal condition. The Chairman observed, that it was with the greatest regret he had to announce the recent death of Mr. Harvey, a gentleman who had for many years past been one of the Society’s most active and zealous Corresponding Members,—one to whom the Society was greatly indebted for very numerous valuable presents, and for several interesting communications, A stuffed specimen of the Cassowary, presented by Her Majesty the Queen, and a specimen of the Great Northern Diver, presented by J. B. Robinson, Esq., were exhibited. On the table was alsoa specimen of the Common Chameleon, presented by Dr. J. B. Thomp- son, and in a note which accompanied it that gentleman states that the specimen had lived for two months in this country, but at the end of that time died in a spasmodic fit, apparently occasioned by the sting of a wasp, which had been observed flying about it. On the afternoon of the day that the chameleon was supposed to have been stung, it became very restless, and changed its hue oftener than usual ; it continued in this state for two days and died on the third. The following papers were read :— “Notes of the Dissection of a Female Orang-utan (Simia Satyrus, Linn.),” by Prof. Owen. “The female Orang-utan which died October 11th, 1843, was examined by me on the following day. Its weight was 41 lbs.; its age probably between five and six years. ‘I'he living animal, when first received at the Gardens, January 4th, 1839, weighed 33 lbs. 8o0z. The acquisition of the permanent series of teeth had been in progress nearly a year. Of this series the first true molar tooth on each side of both upper and lower jaws was first acquired; then the two middle lower incisors ; next the two large middle upper incisors cut the gum. The two lateral upper incisors and the left lateral lower incisor were soon after displaced, but their successors had not made their appearance through the gum at the time of the death of the animal. At this period, therefore, the following deciduous teeth Nos. CXXVUI. & CXXIX.—Proceepines or Tnx Zoot. Soe. 124 were retained in the jaw: the right lateral lower incisor, the four canines, and the eight molars. “The permanent teeth (bicuspides) destined to succeed these had their crowns about half formed. Those of the large permanent canines were in the state of hollow cones, supported, like the fore- going, by large and highly vascular matrices, in the course of con- version into the dental substance. The crowns and fangs of the lateral permanent incisors were almost completed. ‘There was no trace of the matrix of the last true molar tooth in the lower jaw. «« The membranes of the brain were unusually injected, and there was much serum between the arachnoid and pia mater. An unusual quantity of serum had likewise been effused into the cavities of the thorax, pericardium and abdomen. «The principal and lethal morbid changes were found in the chest : the right lung adhered by nearly the whole of its superficies to the surrounding parietes. Its substance was disorganized throughout by numerous tubercles, some of which had begun to soften in the centre. The left lung had been the seat of more recent and active inflammation ; its cellular tissue was gorged with bloody serum, and its lower part hepatized. A small cyst, with firm parietes and clear fluid contents, adhered to its surface. The heart had an oval patch, two-thirds of an inch broad, of opake lymph upon its surface, as in a former Orang: a cyst like that on the left lung adhered to its surface. The mucous membrane of the trachea and bronchi was of a rose-tint, and the tubes loaded with frothy opake mucus. «The right lobe of the liver was enlarged and congested; there was a slight adhesion of the epiploon to the spleen, which organ pre- sented a slight anomaly sometimes observed in Man, viz. a small separate supplemental spleen, about half an inch in diameter, attached to the epiploon, just below the spleen proper. With the exception of a slight increase of vascularity at one or two parts, the whoie ali- mentary tract was in a sound state. «“The laryngeal sacs were expanded as far as the clavicles and shoulder-joint, but did not extend below the clavicles. «The ovaria were of a narrow elongated form, with a slightly tuberculated surface. I obtained ova from several of the graafian vesicles, and one of these contained two ova: they closely resemble those of the human subject, have a thick transparent vitelline tunic, containing the minutely granular contents and germinal vesicle : dia- meter 345th of an inch.” Prof. Owen exhibited one of these ova, and concluded by obser- vations on the brain of the Oran-utan. Its weight was 11 oz. 2 drs. 12 grs. avoird., including the injected pia mater. ‘Descriptions of new species of Scalaria and Murez, from the collection of Sir Edward Belcher, C.B.,” by Mr. Hinds. Scauarra GuaBrata. Scal. testd elongatd, politd ; anfractibus de- cenis, rotundatis, feré disjunctis ; costis membranaceis, vicinis supra et infra connatis, prope suturam dilatatis ; anfractu ultimo decem- costato ; aperturd ovali ; umbilico peritremate tecto. Axis 8 lin. 125 Hab. Amboina; Straits of Macassar; Straits of Malacca. Ona muddy floor, in from ten to seventeen fathoms. The specimens were all obtained without the animal, but the mot- tled appearance which they present seems to indicate, that when re- cent they were most probably of a light brown colour. Scataria Diana. Scal. testd ovatd, acuminatd, politd ; anfracti- bus septenis connatis, costis valde aleformibus ornatis ; anfractu ultimo hexacostato, ad basin obtuse carinato ; aperturd rotundatd, inferne subtruncatd ; peritremate extis alato; umbilico nullo. Axis 5 lin. Hab. Gulf of Nicoya; from thirty-six fathoms, among mud. Scauania vestatis. Scal. testd ovato-elongatd, pallidd ; anfractibus nonis rotundatis, connatis; costis numerosis, tenuibus, sparsim varicosis, lineis transversis eleganter cancellatis ; aperturd ovali ; umbilicatd. Axis 44 lin. Hab. New Guinea; from seven fathoms, among mud. An elegant cancellated species, with numerous fine ribs, which, when becoming varicose, are slightly spined above. The number of ribs on the last whorl appears little liable to fluctuation, and they become a very useful and valuable character in the discrimination of the species. In S. vestalis their number is twenty-two. ScaLaria suTuRALIS. Scal. testd elongatd, pallide fuscd ; anfrac- tibus decenis, connatis; costis numerosis, parvis, approximatis, lineis transversis decussatis, subdistanter varicosis ; suturd et an- Sfractu ultimo ad basin carinato ; aperturd subrotundd ; umbilico nullo. Axis 8 lin. Hab, Straits of Malacca; from seventeen fathoms, among mud. An elongated shell; also somewhat cancellated by lines traversing the numerous small ribs. At intervals of something less than the volution of each whorl a thick rounded varix is formed : a keeled line also occupies the most inferior portion of the whorl, close to the su- ture. The specimens had been left by the animal some time previous to being captured, and though they are not in very good condition, there still remains a disposition to a dark brown banding. Scanarra acicutina. Scal. testd elongatd, politd; anfractibus decenis subdisjunctis ; costis rotundatis, superne angulatis ; anfractu ultimo decemcostato; aperturd ovali; umbilico parvo. Axis 34 lin. Hab. West coast of intertropical America. ScaLaRIA CREBERRIMA. Scal. testd ovato-elongatd, albidd ; an. Sractibus septenis, connatis, costis tenuibus creberrime instructis ; aperturd ovali; umbilico nullo. Axis 8 lin. Hab. North coast of New Guinea; from seven fathoms, among mud. The whorls are closely set with ribs, in numbers almost too great to be enumerated. 126 SCALARIA PoRRECTA. Scal. testd ovato-elongatd, fused, politd ; an- Sractibus octonis, connatis, superne rotundatis; costis acutis, superneé aculeatis ; anfractu ultimo septemdecemcostato, pallide fasciato ; aperturd ovali, ad basin truncato ; umbilico nullo. Axis 43 lin. Hab. Straits of Malacca; from seventeen fathoms, among mud. ScaLarts vutpina. Seal. testd elongatd, fuscd ; anfractibus nonis rotundatis, connatis; costis obtusis, rotundatis, lineis elevatis de- cussatis ; suturd profundd ; anfractu ultimo novemcostato, ad basin obtuse carinato ; aperturd rotundd ; umbilico nullo. Axis 3 lin. Hab. Island of Quibo, Veragua, Central America; from thirty fathoms, among mud; the temperature below being 58°, and at the surface 82°. A pretty little shell, which, under first impressions, the propriety of placing in Scalaria might be called in question, though it pos- sesses the characters assigned to the genus. Still there is a differ- ence of character and appearance, which creates a momentary hesi- tation. But, together with its deep suture, the basal whorl is pro- vided at its inferior surface with a blunt keel, which is also to be met with in a few other species of Scalaria, but I am not aware in any other genus, and which induces me to place it here without the least doubt as to the propriety of its location. The following new species of Murex were collected, with three exceptions, during the voyage of the Sulphur, under the command of Sir Edward Belcher, C.B., and figures of them will shortly be published in the ‘ Zoology’ of the Voyage. These descriptions are by Mr. Hinds. Murex AntILLarum. Mur. testd subfusiformi, pallidd, trivaricosé ; anfractibus septenis rotundatis ; varicibus tribus rotundatis, spi- niferis, postice fornicatis ; ad angulum anfractuum spind unicd elongatd, deinde quinque breviusculis ; interstitiis tri-, vel rariis, quadri-fariam noduloso-costatis, lineis transversis fuscis penicil- latis ; canali elongato, aperto, prope anfractum basalem subflexo, spinis duabus cavis gerente. Axis 18 lin. Hab. Tortola, West Indies. Mus. Cuming. This shell is another of those typical forms of Murex which have recently become somewhat numerous, and which appear to be con- fined to the tropical seas. I am strongly disposed to think that it is meant to be represented in fig. 69 of the ‘ Conchological Illustrations,’ which is mentioned as a variety of M. Motacilla, though there are still some little points of difference. A fine specimen often permits a conchologist to clear up his doubts as to specific importance, and I have had the assistance of such in drawing up the above descrip- tion. Indifferent specimens are not uncommon, and Mr. Sowerby, jun. had most probably only such, and was compelled to leave it as a variety of M. Motacilla. Murex centriruca. Mur. testd gracillime fusiformi, pallide cor- 127 ned, passim creberrim? striatd ; varicibus tribus, subalatis, in spi- nis compressis laciniatis ; spind ad angulum anfractuum elongata, subrectd ; interstitiis nodo unico ; aperturd elongata, ovali; labro intis levi; canali mediocri, rectiusculo, clauso, ad basin subre- curvo. Axis 16 lin. Hab. West coast of Veragua ; on a sandy floor in fifty-two fathoms. This species has the general character of M. pinniger and M. ca- pensis, and is very closely allied to the latter. Morex Festivus. Mur. testd fusiformi, crassa, fulvd, trivaricosd ; varicibus simplicibus, recurvis, supern? cristatis, subtilissimé cre- niferis ; interstitiis nodulosis, lineis subgeminis transversis fuscis eleganter ornatis ; aperturd ovali ; labro inits sparsim denticulato ; canali valdé clauso, ad basin subrecurvo. Axis 13 lin. Hab. Bay of Madalena, California; dredged from seven fathoms, on a sandy floor. Morex roveonatus. Mur. testd fusiformi, crassd, multivaricosd, transversim creberrime sulcaid, laminis minimis longitudinalibus Ffoveolatd atro-purpureo pallide bifasciaid ; varicibus septenis sim- plicibus, postice rotundatis, antice margine acutd ; aperturd ovali, coarctatd ; labro intits obtuse denticulato ; labio interno producto ; canali aperto, subrecurvo. Axis 125 lin. Hab, Bay of Madalena, California; with the preceding. Morex ananas. Mur. testd Susiformi, ventricosd, crassd, multi- varicosd ; anfractibus septenis superné subplanulatis, transversim costatis, costis alternate minoribus; varicibus senis rotundatis spiniferis, spird supremd precipue mazimd, brevi, rectd, solidd, biplicatd, transversim compressd, ceteris brevissimis subequali- bus; aperturd rosed, rotundatd, seu paulisper elongate ovali, postic® canaliculatd ; canali mediocri, subobliquo, aperto, margine columel- lari rugulosd, dorso bifariam spinoso, serie supremd superante. Hab. West coast of Africa. Mus. Cuming. A shell closely resembling M. rosarium in its size and proportions, but finds its specific distinction in its greater massiveness, the superior size of its upper series of spines, and the absence of nodules on the interstitial ribs. Both shells have a distinct fasciation of three dark bands, but our species is entirely wanting in that beautiful and ele- gant covering of striz which is so conspicuous in the fine specimen of M. rosarium in Mr. Cuming’s collection. Murex Betcueri. Mur. testd magnd, fusiformi, crassd, ponderosd, pallidé fused, multivaricosd ; anfractibus quadratis, albo fascia- tis ; varicibus numerosis, foliaciis simplicibus, superneé elongatis, Sornicatis, etate valde erosis ; aperturd quadratd, pallidé carned ; labro intis levi, inferne dente magno, crasso, obtuso; canali tor- tuoso, aperto, ad sinistram inclinato ; umbilico precipue magno. Axis 66 lin. Hab? San Diego, California. From a bank of mud near the head of the harbour. 128 Murex caurrornicus. Mur. testd fusiformi, fulvd, trivaricosd ; anfractibus senis, superné planulatis, transversim costatis, costis rotundatis, subdistantibus, ad lacinias varicum incurrentibus, in- tervallis costellatis, creniferis ; varicibus sex-laciniatis, supremd maximd alatd, deinde gradatim minoribus creniferis ; aperturd ovali, levi; canali.clauso, recurvo, ad basin purpurascente. Axis 18 lin. Hab. California. Mus. Cuming. Movrex namatus. Mur. testd rhomboided, pallide luted, multiva- ricosd ; anfractibus septenis, inter varices areis quadratis ; spird subelongatd, acutd ; varicibus senis alatis, laciniis uncinatis ; aper- turd ovali, inferne dente parvo acuto; canali clauso, rectiusculo. Axis 134 lin. Hab. Bay of Guayaquil; from a muddy floor, in twenty-one fa- thoms. This shell, together with M. emarginatus, M.monoceros and M. Nut- tali, belong to a section of the genus which has been called by Con- rad Cerastoma. But if the marginal tooth of the aperture is to be regarded as sufficient grounds for separation, then I fear we must draw freely on some of the typical species, where its existence seems to have been little heeded. Mr. Swainson assigns it as a charac- ter of his subgenus Muricanthus or Centronotus ; but for the above reasons it ceases to possess any importance. In M.hamatus the situa- tion of the tooth on the dorsal varices is marked by a small sharp notch. Morex crrrosus. Mur. testd fusiformi, ventricosd, pallidé carned, formosissime multivaricosd ; suturd profundd, prope nigricante ; varicibus nonis sexfuriam laciniatis ; laciniis fistulosis, albis, re- spectantibus, gradatim minoribus ; interstitiis costis rotundatis lacinias incurrentibus ; aperturd ovali; labro intis levi; canal gracili, recurvo, fere clauso, dorso bifariam laciniato, serie supe- riore gemind. Axis 9 lin. Hab. Straits of Macassar. In fifteen fathoms, among sand and fine gravel. An uncommonly beautiful species, both from the delicacy of its colour, and the rich, varied, and elaborate character of its sculpture. Murex cravipvus. Mur. testd globose fusiformi, multivaricosd ; anfractibus senis rotundatis, transversim costatis, superné fusco fasciatis ; costulis approximatis, lamellosis ; varicibus quinis cos- tulis subdivergentibus transitis, postice foveolatis ; aperturd ovali, productd ; labro intis levi; canali longiusculo, aperto, ad sinis- tram inclinato. Axis 10 lin. Hab. Cape Blanco, west coast of Africa. From sixty fathoms. Murex rapicatus. Mur. testd fusiformi, pallide lutescente, multi- varicosd; varicibus quinis, laciniatis, antice abruptis ; laciniis compressis, subquadratis, medio lined duplicatis, postice medio in- aie ez e z 4 = . terstitiorum ewsilientibus ; aperturd ovali, productd ; labro intis levi; canali fere clauso, ad basin subrecurvo, Axis 10 lin. 129 Hab. San Blas, west coast of Mexico. From eleven fathoms, among mud. In this species the lacinie of the varix take root near the centre of the interspace, whence they proceed directly forwards. They are of a squarish compressed shape, and are partially divided in their middle by an impressed line. Murex preritus. Mur. testd subrhomboided, albidd, multivaricosé ; anfractibus septenis, supern? angulatis et fuscis, ultimo elongato in canalem attenuato, transversim striatis ; varicibus senis tenuibus, laciniatis, antic? inter lacinias seriebus duabus eleganter crenatis ; laciniis acuminatis, uncinatis, gradatim minoribus ; aperturd ob- ovatd ; canali aperto, ad basin subrecurvo. Axis 9J lin. Hab. Bay of Madalena, California. From seven fathoms, on a sandy floor. Mr. Bridges on the habits, &c. of some of the smaller species of Chilian Rodents. “« Mus longicaudatus, Bennett.—I found this mouse in the valley of Quillota, fourteen leagues distant from Valparaiso, in the vicinity of brooks and rivulets, amongst weeds and long grass, although from its appearance I should imagine it seldom takes the water. In that part of Chile it is not rare, but it cannot be considered a common species. In the province of Colchagua I have found another species approaching M. longicaudatus and more abundant, differing slightly in the length of its tail, and in being somewhat less in size. At first sight the two species are liable to be confounded. Probably this is the same species mentioned in p. 40 of the ‘ Zool. of the Voyage of the Beagle’ by Mr. Darwin as being so numerous in the province of Concepcion. ‘« Mus longipilis—W aterh.., ‘ Voy. of the Beagle,’ —inhabits the pro- vinces of Aconcagua, Valparaiso and Colchagua. Its favourite haunts are the hedges made of bushes of Mimosa Cavenia and Trevoa tri- nervis, also other shrubs used indiscriminately for that purpose. It is necessary to explain that the hedges of the fields of Chile are renewed every year by throwing on each side of them new layers of bushes, and that they are frequently two or three yards across, forming thus a mass of decomposing wood, which gives excellent shelter for the numerous small Rodents inhabiting that country, which is so rich in this interesting group. The Mus Jongipilis is without a native name to distinguish it from the other species found in Chile. All the small species belonging to different families are known and called by the natives by the name of Llaucha, pronounced Yaw-cha, a term in the language of the Auracarian Indians signifying a mouse, and this name is current in the present day in the parts of the country occu- pied by the descendants of the Spaniards. The general term applied to the large species is ‘ Ratones.’ There is a species found near the town of Quillota, fourteen leagues distant from Valparaiso, and probably not yet known to naturalists, called ‘ Pericote.’ This animal lives in common in the caves with Octodon Cumingii. «* Myopotamus Coypus, Auct.,—Mus Coypus, Molina,—inhabits the 130 margins of rivers and lakes in the southern provinces of Chile, abound- ing more in the lakes than in the rivers, where the Typha latifolia and Scirpus species are plentiful to give them shelter. During the time of copulation, which takes place in September and October, the Coypo makes a mournful kind of cry, which somewhat resembles that of a young child. I was once riding along the margins of one of the streams which enters the river Teno in the province of Col- chagna, and my attention was roused by a most melancholy sound, which I fancied was from a child in the water, and to my surprise I found it arose from a Coypo seated on a dead stump almost on a level with the water. I could not help listening for a few minutes at the smgular noise, till on a sudden, when the Coypo saw me, it disappeared under water. The Coypo possesses a strong attach- ment for its young, and swims with them on its back till they are sufficiently large to follow the old ones in pursuit of their food. The places where the Coypo most abounds in Chile are the borders of the river Maypo near Santiago, the capital of the country, also in the lakes of ‘Aculeo’ and Quintero. The natives, especially the husbandmen, use the skin of this animal to make tobacco-pouches. “ Octodon Cumingii, Bennett,—Sciurus Degus, Molina,—Dondro- bius Degus, Meyen,—is the most common of all the Chile Rodents. It is found in the hedges of the central provinces of Chile, and may be seen during the day, but more generally in the afternoon. In habits it is tame, and at first sight distinguished from all other spe- cies from its activity and by its carrying the tail curved upwards like the mountain Lagotis or Viscacha. This little animal hasa very ex- tended range: I have seen it as far north as lat. 28°, and in south 35°, and it may probably extend further, but I do not remember seeing it in the provinces of Chiloe or Valdivia. In the province Coquimbo, where hedges do not abound, owing to the sterility of the country, it inhabits rocky situations, living amongst the loose stones on the slopes of mountains; and it is frequently found in the caves or bur- rows of the Chinchilla. The natives employed in killing the ‘Chin- chillas,’ which are not uncommon about Coquimbo and Huasco, before they commence following the burrows, which they do with crow-bars, examine the dung of the animals about the caves, and from their practical knowledge they distinguish at once if the caves are inhabited by the Chinchilla or the Octodon. Nevertheless, as both animals often inhabit the same cave, they frequently after great labour find it only occupied by the Octodon. From observations which my long residence in Chile has given me, I am inclined to believe that the Octodon Cumingii does not breed more than twice during the year, viz. in spring and autumn, producing from four to six young at a birth. ‘The favourite food of the Octodon is herbage near the hedges: but in the winter months, when pressed by hunger, it feeds on the tender bark of Mimosa Cavenia, also that of Cestrum Palqui. “ Schizodon fuscus— Waterh. ‘Proc. Zool. Soc. for November 1841 —is found in the Valle de las Cuevas, on the eastern side of the Andes, about six leagues from the slopes of the volcano of Peteroa, at an elevation of from 5—7000 feet, in S. lat. 35°. Its favourite abode 131 is near the mountain streams in grassy situations. ‘There are cer- tain places in the valley completely undermined by the workings of this animal; and whilst we were riding over these districts, our horses frequently plunged almost up to their knees in the burrows. Whilst rambling in search of the beautiful alpine plants I could not help feeling surprise at finding animals of this order in such a locality as those elevated valleys, which are covered with snow at least four months during the year. The question is, do they on the approach of snow-storms migrate towards the verge of the Pampas, or make a provision of dried grass and roots for the winter months? I should give my opinion in favour of the latter, judging from their enormous burrows. The Schizodon fuscus is nocturnal like Poephagomys ater : those I procured were shot in the evening near the entrances of their caves. I have seen them burrowing and throwing the sand out of their caves during the day; but the moment they hear a noise their labours cease and they retire deeper into their caves. ** Notice of the new animal allied to Octodon.—This animal is found in the vicinity of the town of Curico, in the province of Colchagua ; it inhabits the hedges made of dead bushes, and does not appear to burrow, like many other species. The present species may be known by the singular chirping or whistling noise which it makes. It forms its nest in the decomposing bushes and sometimes on the surface of the ground, of dried grass, and appears to live in small communities of one or two families. ‘This animal appears to be more rare than many other Rodents, as I have never been able to find it in any other locality, except the one above mentioned. ** Poephagomys ater, F. Cuvier; Mus cyanus, Molina.—The Poe- phagomys ater is undoubtedly the animal alluded to by Molina under the name Mus cyanus; his long description of its habits agrees in most respects with the habits of this little animal; but I have never yet heard it called by the natives ‘ Guanque’: it is generally known in Chile by the name of Cururo and Cuyeita; Guanque is the ver- nacular name of a species of Dioscorea on which the ‘Cururo’ subsists. Molina is perfectly correct in saying that it stores up a considerable quantity of provisions, which consist of the Dioscorea, Conanthera, Ornithogalum, Brodiea, and other bulbs and tubers which abound in the country. ‘The poorer class of inhabitants being aware of its habits, sound the caves or burrows, and rob them of their store, which they eat. ‘The jaws of the Cururo are capable of extraordi- nary expansion, and by this provision of nature it is enabled to carry bulbs and tubers of a large size to its granary. “The work of this little animal would surprise a person unac- quainted with its habits; I have frequently seen a considerable sur- face of ground completely undermined by its burrows. It generally selects the slopes of hills and mountains, where bulbs are found, especially in the interior parts of the country : its caves are carried in a horizontal course, at the depth of eight or ten inches, or rather about the depth in which they meet their food. ‘* This little animal may be considered nocturnal, seldom or ever making its appearance during the day ; those which I procured were 132 obtained by waiting for them in the evening, and shooting them when their head scarcely emerged from their caves. “Whilst residing in the elevated valleys of the Andes, on the eastern side, I observed on the dry slopes of the mountains the la- bours of a Rodent (probably a species of Ctenomys or Poephagomys) different from any I had previously met with; the chief difference consisted in the mouth of the cave never being left open. Its mode of burrowing is similar to Poephagomys ater, in being near the surface ; but as I was unfortunately unprovided with traps, I could not obtain one. “ Lagotis pallipes, Bennett.—This is the mountain ‘ Viscacha’ ; the specimen brought home by me, and now in the British Museum, was taken on the east side of the Andes, at an elevation of 4000 to 5000 feet, between Villavicencia and Uspallata. The specimen alluded to I found soon after sunrise near Uspallata, in a rocky val- Jey; I saw four of these animals feeding on the scanty herbage, and at first took them to be young foxes, but my men assured me to the contrary. I gave my dog in charge of one of the men, so that I might approach them; but, unfortunately, before I got within gunshot the dog got loose. It was amusing to see these animals bound over the rugged and rocky side of the mountain, swinging their beautiful brushy tail and endeavouring to regain the caves in the rock. «« There is a mountain ‘ Viscacha’ on the west side of the Andes,. but not having seen it, I am unable to say if it be the Lagotis pallipes or another species of the same genus. This animal avails itself of caves in the rock or situations extremely rugged, where large stones lie tumbled one on another, leaving spaces between them sufficiently large to admit the body of the Lagotis. «« Notice of a new species of Didelphys.—In looking over the beau- tiful plates of the ‘ Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle,’ I find three species of Didelphys figured, and I feel pleasure in stating that I am acquainted with another species in Chile, inhabiting the pro- vince of Colchagua. It is known to the natives by the name of ‘Llaca,’ pronounced ‘Yacu.’ In its appearance it resembles D. elegans, but is larger in size and possesses an extraordinary fleshy tail. In 1835, whilst some men were taking down a cottage on an estate near Curico, two of those beautiful little animals were found in the thatch; one was taken alive, and after having it several days in my possession it by some means made its escape. It appears to be rare, although, from its having a native name, it might be imagined to the contrary; I frequently offered a reward to the natives to in- duce them to obtain another specimen, but never was able to pro- cure one.” «Descriptions of four new species of Ortyz,” by Mr. Gould. Ortyx teucopurys. Ort. facie et strigd latd superoculari ful- vescenti-albis ; nuche laterumque colli plumis splendide castaneis albo utrinque fimbriatis ; illis dorsi superioris castaneis, plumbeo marginatis ; pectore cinereo, strigd rubide castaned per plumas singulas excurrente, primariis saturate ferrugineis. 133 Face and a broad stripe over the eye buffy white ; ear-coverts and crown of the head brown; feathers of the sides and back of the neck rich chestnut, margined on each side with white; feathers of the upper part of the back rich chestnut, margined with slate-grey ; breast grey, with a stripe of reddish chestnut in the centre of each feather ; back dark greyish brown, very minutely freckled with black ; wings brown, freckled with buff and black ; primaries deep rust-red ; tail dark brown, freckled with buff and black; irides clear brown ; feet red; bill black. Total length, 134 inches; bill, 8; wing, 73; tail, 6; tarsi, 23. Hab. Coban, Central America. In the collection of the Earl of Derby. Another specimen, in the museum of the Jardin des Plantes, is somewhat larger and brighter in colour than the one here described. Ortyx rascratus, Natt. MS. O. cinereus, alis corporeque subtas, fulvo, nigrescenti-fusco, et albo fasciatis. Forehead reddish brown; crest deep brownish black, tipped with reddish brown; chin greyish white; ear-coverts brown; sides and back of the head light brown, minutely freckled with darker brown and white; all the upper surface greyish brown, minutely freckled with darker brown and white, the coverts and scapularies passing into black towards the extremity of each feather, and crossed at the tip with a narrow band of buff; tail similarly marked, but browner than the upper surface and crossed by numerous freckled irregular double bars of dark brown and greyish white ; primaries brown, with lighter edges; all the under surface brownish black, each feather crossed at the tip with a broad band of pure white, which, becoming gradually wider on the centre of the abdomen, leaves that part white ; on the breast the white marks are very faint, and the feathers are tinged with rufous; thighs buff; under tail-coverts light buff, with two blackish brown spots down the centre of each feather ; bill black ; feet flesh-colour. Total length, 84 inches; bill, 3; wing, 44; tail, 3; tarsi, 1}. Hab. California. In the collections of the Royal Museum at Brussels and of His Highness the Prince Massena, to whose kindness I am indebted for the loan of the specimen here described. For this species, perhaps the most interesting of its family, I can- not do better than retain the specific appellation proposed for it ina letter lately received from him by my late much-valued and lamented friend Mr. John Natterer of Vienna, whose talents as a naturalist are too well known to require any eulogy from me. Ortyx teucotis. O. facie, cristd, et plumis auricularibus albis, fusco leviter tinctis, guld saturate castaned, colli utroque latere strigd splendide castaned nigro punctatd, ornato ; corpore subtis castaneo, albo distincté guttato, presertim apud pectus atque latera. Adult Male.—F ace, crest and ear-coverts white, slightly tinged with buff; throat dark chestnut; stripe from over the eye down each 134 side of the neck chestnut, speckled with black ; stripe down the back of the neck buff, speckled with black; sides and back of the neck spotted black and white ; all the upper surface, wings and tail grey- ish brown, very minutely freckled with dark brown and greyish white; centre of the back blotched with black; inner webs of the scapularies and secondaries dark brown, margined internally with buff, forming a line in the direction of the body when the wing is closed ; all the under surface chestnut, distinctly spotted with white, the spots separated by black; under tail-coverts buff, with a black mark down the centre of each; middle of the abdomen reddish chest- nut; bill black; feet flesh-colour. Young Male.—Crest and ear-coverts brown, head and throat stri- ated with rufous and black; spots on the back stronger than in the adult ; the colouring of the under surface similar, but much less rich, and the centre of the abdomen deep buff. Female.—Crest and ear-coverts brown; sides of the head and the under surface pale buff, spotted and blotched with brown and black ; centre of the abdomen wholly buff; all the upper surface pale brown, crossed by numerous narrow freckled bars of white; tail crossed by six or eight similar bars. Total length, 83 inches; bill, 7°;; wing, 44; tail, 25; tarsi, 14. Hab. Santa Fé de Bogota. Orryx (OponTorHorvs) stropHium. O. vertice et plumis auricu- laribus nigrescenti-fuscus ; facie sordide albd nigro punctatd ; mento albo, guld saturate nigra, lunuld albd, ornatd. Crown of the head and ear-coverts blackish brown; sides of the face dull white, speckled with black ; chin white ; throat deep black, crossed by a broad crescent-shaped mark of pure white ; all the upper surface dark brown, freckled and marked with sandy buff; each of the scapularies with a large patch of black near the tip of the inner web, and a stripe of buff down the centre; all wing-coverts with a spot of buff at the tip; primaries and spurious wing dark brown; breast and under surface rich reddish chestnut, with a large spot of white in the centre of each feather; vent and under tail-coverts deep brown tinged with buff; bill black ; feet blackish brown. Total length, 9 inches; bill, 1; wing, 543; tail, 2; tarsi, 2. Hab. The southern countries of Mexico. This is a most robust species, and distinguished from its congeners by its larger bill, shorter tail, and large and powerful tarsi. The Meeting was then adjourned to November 28, the Chairman observing that as the Society was about to remove from Pall Mall to Hanover Square, it would be necessary to pass over the Meeting announced on the Society’s cards for November the 11th. 135 November 28, 1843. William Yarrell, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair. A letter from Charles M. Willich, Esq., was read, in which that gentleman calls the attention of the Society to M. Gannal’s method of preserving animal substances. «From the observations made by M. Gannal, and reported to the Académie des Sciences at a recent sitting, it appears that arsenic does not permanently preserve animal substances, although it pre- vents, for the moment, a putrid fermentation: “He alludes to his former communication, explaining how the salts of them act on the gelatin and preserve the animal matter from putrid fermentation by the combination of the two substances. The gelatin is thus rendered incapable of putrefaction ; but the other evil, viz. the destruction by insects, is not avoided. For the latter object he proposes the following preparation :— “] kilogramme of sulphate of alum—l] kilog. = 2} Ibs. avoird. ; “100 grammes of nux vomica in powder—100 grammes = 34 OZ. av. ; « And 3 litres of water—3 litres = 54 imperial pints. «« The above to be boiled down to 2 litres, and then allowed to cool: the clear liquid is to be drawn off and serves for injection. The residue is employed in the following manner. With four tablespoons- ful of this residue mix the yolk of one egg; let this paste be prepared as wanted. It is to be used for covering the interior of the skin, and particularly the fleshy parts which may have been left in skinning the animal. The yolk of egg serves to preserve the suppleness of the skin, tanned by the salts of alum. ‘‘In order to preserve the feathers of birds he proposes three modes :-— “1, The employment of nux vomica in powder. ‘©2. An alcoholic tincture of 100 grammes of nux vomica, mace- rated in 1 litre of alcohol. «<3. An alcoholic solution of 2 grammes of strychnine in 1 litre of alcohol. _‘ Whatever mode may have been used for preserving the animal, the ravages of insects may be instantly arrested by covering with a soft brush the whole of the skin, either with the tincture or solution above described, as may be found best adapted. “‘If the feathers of birds are of Gelicate colour, the solution of strychnine should be employed; and for those very delicate birds, where soaking in either of the preparations is not possible, the nux vomica must be used in powder, taking care to insert it well in the napes of feathers. In all cases the inside of the skin may be rubbed with the paste. No. CXXIX.—-Procerpines or THE Zoot. Soc. 136 “In conclusion he states that from his experience he feels assured— “That no arsenical preparation can insure the preservation of ani- mal substances ; “That they are destroyed by exposure to the air for a period ex- ceeding three years ; “That those substances enclosed in hermetically sealed cases are destroyed even in one year; “That the soluble salts of alum are quite effective in arresting putrid fermentation ; and ““That the employment of the preparation of nux vomica, as de- scribed, perfectly preserves animal substances from the attacks of insects.” The following papers were read :— “Descriptions of new species of the genus Narica, discovered by Hugh Cuming, Esq.,” by M. Récluz. Genre Narica, Récluz. Nerita species, Chemnitz ; Sigaretus species, Lamarck ; genre Va- nicoro, Quoy et Gaimard olim; genre Narica, Récluz, in litteras ; D’Orbigny (Alcide), Moll. Cuba; genre Merria, Gray in Beechey’s Voyage. Caractéres génériques.—Animal gastéropode, dioique, marin, glo- buleux, @ peine spiral. Téte portant un mufle assez saillant, munie de deux tentacules longs, renflés au milieu et subulés a l’extrémité, ayant a leur base externe des yeur sessiles et fort petits. Pied petit, parfaitement arrondé, séparé par un sillon profond d’un appendice antérieur ou chaperon sous-buccal, alongé, concave et en maniére de trompe; deux folioles membraneuses, assez larges, partent de chaque cété du pied et remontent en pointe vers la téte. Cavité respiratrice grande ainsi que la branchie dont les folioles sont en partie libres. Coquille semiglobuleuse, externe, souvent transparente et mince, plus ou moins vitrée ou d’un blanc azuré, souvent aussi solide, opaque, blanchatre et rarement rosée. Tours de spire striés, cételés ou treil- lisés. Spire courte et couchée du cdété de l’ouverture. Ouverture subarrondie, presque sémilunaire, un peu creusée en arc a la colu- melle, 4 bords désunis. Ombilic ouvert, souvent évasé et spiral, sans trace de funicule (funiculus cordon ombilical) et prolongé derriére le bord interne (/abium) en une sorte de canal. Opercule petit, mince, papyracé, cartilagineux, sans trace de spire a son sommet et ne laissant méme pas appercevoir ses élémens, fixé a la partie postérieure du pied et lui devenant perpendiculaire quand cette portion de l’animal est rentrée. Sa surface est finement rayonnée de stries. Observations.—Ce genre comptait il y a peu de temps quelques espéces anciennement décrites par les auteurs, pa Ares Nerita cancellata, Chemnitz (Sigaretus cancellatus, Lamarck); 2°. Nerita tuberosissima, Montagu (Narica tuberosissima, nobis) ; = Narita glabrissima, Brown (Narica glaberrima, nob.). Depuis quelques 137 auteurs en ont fait connaitre d’autres, telles sont 4°. Velutina can- cellata, Q. et G. (Narica Quoyi, nobis); 5°. Natica margaritacea, Potier (Narica margaritacea, nobis); 6°. Velutina sigaretiformis, Potier (Narica sigaretiformis, nobis). A ces espéces nous ajoute- rons deux autres découvertes par M. Alc. D’Orbigny, décrites et figurées par lui dans ses ‘ Mollusques de Cuba,’ savoir—7°. Narica lamellosa; 8°. Narica sulcata (la Narica striata, D’Orb., est la méme espéce que la Natica margaritacea, Potier, 1. c.); une, 9°, par M. Le Guillou Sigaretus helicoides ; huit autres dues aux recherches habiles de Mr. H. Cuming qui a enrichi la conchyliologie de coquilles nom- breuses et précieuses dans tous les genres. Enfin quatre autres sont le produit de nos découvertes, ce qui fait un total de vingt- et-une espéces actuellement connues. C’est aux savans travaux de MM. Quoy et Gaimard sur les Mollusques recueillis dans leur voyage de circonnavigation sur la corvéte l’Astrolabe que nous de- vons la connaissance de l’animal de ces coquilles, connaissance qui a fait cesser toute discussion sur leur classement. En effet, les uns voulaient avec Lamarck les admettre parmi les Sigarets, les autres avec Mr. Sowerby les placer au nombre des Natices, tandis qu’elles doivent étre séparées de ces deux genres et étre intercalées entre les Coriocelles de M. De Blainville (Sigaretus, Cuvier et Gray, non Lamarck ni Sowerby) et les Nérites, dans une famille particuliére, & laquelle nous donnons le nom de Velutinides, Velutinide. Cette famille comprendra les genres Narica, Velutina, Fossarus, et peut-étre le genre Neritopsis, dont les rapports généraux sont si grands. Nous donnerons dans un autre travail des considérations étendues sur Yaffinité de ces genres entr’eux. Nous eussions accepté avec plaisir le nom de Vanicoro imposé a ces coquilles par MM. Quoy et Gai- mard, s’il n’était du nombre de ceux que la philosophie zoologique rejette comme impropres ; de méme que celui de Merria, proposé par Mr. Gray, s’il n’était postérieur a celui de Narica que nous avons fait connaitre dans notre correspondance scientifique et publié dans une livraison des ‘ Mollusques de Cuba’ de M. Alc. D’Orbigny, laquelle a paru par livraison avant la vente du ‘ Beechey’s Voyage’ de Mr. Gray. Ce nom de Narica a été employé autrefois par Théodore Gaza et Scaliger comme synonyme de Nérita (voyez Aldrovanda, De Testaceis, lib. ii.), et tire son €tymologie de Nar, mot primitif qui désigne l’eau courante. 1: Narica crparis. Nar. testd orbiculato-ovatd, ventricosd, antic dilatatd, superné depresso-pland, solidiusculd, lacted, plicis longi- tudinalibus antice laxioribus, subregularibus, lineis elevatis trans- versis equidistantibus reticulatd, scabriusculd ; spird prominuld, semisphericd, apice retusd; aperturd subrotundd, patuld; labio arcuato ; umbilico parvo, profundo ; canali oblongo, angusto et vir arcuato. ‘ Hab. ‘From the island of Masbate, Philippines; found under stones at low water.’ H. Cuming. ; Dimensions.—Long. 16 mill.; larg. 19 mill.; convexité 13 mill. Ouverture: long. 155 mill.; larg. 12 mill. Spire, hauteur 54. mill. C’est une espéce fort élégante. 138 2. Narica tieata. Nar. testd ventricoso-ovatd, tenuiusculd, albd, longitudinaliter superneque tenuiter plicatd, lineis transversis ele- vatis intermediis minoribus ligatd ; spird prominenti, rotundatd, radiatim plicatd, apice obtusiusculd ; aperturd subrotundd, pared ; umbilico pervio, spirali, profundo, latiusculo ; canali brevi, largo ; columelld subrectd, medio ad basim arcuatim rotundato. Hab. *‘ From Catanuam, province of Tayabas, isle of Luzon ; found under stones at low water.” H. Cuming. Dimensions.—Long. 12 4 163 mill. ; larg. 19 & 20 mill.; convex. 10 a 133 mill. Ouverture: long. 11 4 13 mill.; larg. 82 & 102 mill. Spire, hauteur 7 a 83 mill. 3. Narica Desnayesrana. Nar, testd ventricoso-globosd, tenui, Sragili, subepidermide lutescente tenuissimd exalbidd sive albd, le- viter ac creberrimeé transversim striatd ; anfractibus subsenis, su- perne rotundatis, longitudinaliter arguté plicatis : plicis in ultimo posticé validis, remotiusculis, anticam partem versiis evanescentibus ; spird semirotundd, angusté plicatd, subacutd ; aperturd subsemi- lunari ; umbilico magno, patulo ; canali semilunari ad sinistram et interne carinato, extern? radiatim profundé ac eleganter plicato ; columelld intus et ad basim sinuatd. Var. B. Testd ventricoso-ovatd, subglobosd, plicis obsoletis ; infimo anfractu angustiore. Hab. “From St. Nicholas, island of Zebu, Philippines; found under stones at low water: and var. (3 from Catanauan, province of Tayabas, isle of Luzon ; found under stones at low water.” H. Cuming. Dimensions.—Long. 15 417 mill. ; larg. 16419 mill.; convex. 124 13 mill. Ouverture: long. 12415 mill. ; larg. 8} 8104 mill. Spire, hauteur 6 a 7 mill. i La var. } a la forme de la Nar. ligata, mais en différe par ses stries toujours trés fines, par ses plis nuls ou trés peu apparent méme au coté postérieur, par sa columelle sinueuse 4 sa base, et par les stries profondes qui entourent le pourtour de l’ombilic, comme sur le type auquel nous la réunissons. C’est au digne successeur des Bruguiére et des Lamarck, c’est 4 l’émule de Sowerby que nous dé- dions cette belle espéce de Narice. Opercule ovalaire, trés mince, presque papyracé, cartilagineux, transparent, paillé, sans élémens spiraux au sommet, mais formant un angle par la réunion en faisceau des stries longitudinales rap- prochées, rayonnant du sommet 4 la circonférence ot elles se’ di- rigent dans un seul légérement arqué. Des stries circulaires et obso- létes, beaucoup plus pressés, croissent les longitudinales sans former de treillis sensible a !a vue. 4. Narica Pretitrana. Nar. testd orbiculato-ovatd seu semiglobosa, crassd, albidd, oblique et crebré plicatd, lineis elevatis transversis, irregularibus, angustioribus et remotioribus reticulata ; anfractibus depresso-rotundatis ; spird semisphericd, obtusaid, postic? incum- bente ; radiatim plicatd ; aperturd subrotundd, dilatatd ; labio vie arcuato, margine in senioribus extern? complanato, submedio vir anguloso ; umbilico parvo ; canali angusto, elongato, parum arcuato et angulo angusto cincto. 139 Hab. “ From the island of Masbate, Philippines; found under stones at low water with Narica cidaris.”’ H.Cuming. Var. 3. Testd tenuiore, plicis angustis regulariter dispositis, lineis transversis equidistantibus clathratd, scabriusculd ; umbilico magno, profundo, spiraliter contorto ; canali latiusculo, profundo, falciformi. Dimensions.—Long. 20 & 243 mill. ; larg. 24 @ 273 mill. ; convex. 162 & 20 mill. Ouverture: long. 18 4 23 mill.; larg. 14 4 13 mill. Spire, hauteur 95 @ 10} mill. 5. Narica Cuminerana. Nar. testd semiglobosd, ventricosd, te- nuiusculd, exalbidd, transversim regulariter sulcatd, longitudina- liter ac oblique lineatd, cancellatd, scabriusculd, ad sectiones gra- nulatd ; spird prominuld, supra pland, latere carinatd, sulcis re- ticulatd et punctis valde impressd ; apice posteriori, acuto ; aper- turd dilatatd, semilunari ; umbilico profundo, coarctato, canali semilunari-oblongo, extis annulo acuto cincto ; labio superné tenut, inferne incrassato ; labro intis submarginato. - Hab, “From Catbalonga, island of Samar, Philippines ; found in coarse sand at ten fathoms.” H. Cuming. Dimensions.—Long. 13 mill.; larg. 135 mill.; convex. 10 mill. Ouverture: long. 11 mill.; larg. 8 mill. Spire, hauteur 5 mill. C’est & V'infatigable voyageur, a l’auteur d’un grand nombre de découvertes de coquilles intéressantes, que nous dédions cette belle espéce de Narice, remarquable par sa spire sculptée de trous imitant ceux d’un dé 4 coudre. 6. Narica puicata. Nar. testd ventricoso-ovatd, subglobosd, so- lidd, albd, longitudinaliter grossé plicatd, lineis elevatis crebriori- bus costas decussantibus circumeinctd ; anfractibus superné de- presso-planiusculis ; spird prominuld, laterali, subacutd ; aperturd subrotundd ; umbilico latiusculo, profundo, spirali ; canali semilu- nari, crenulis profundis extis cincto; columelld arcuatd, basi et anticé gibbosiusculd. Hab. ‘‘ From the island of Ticao ; found under stones at low water.” H. Cuming. Dimensions. —Long. 17 mill. ; larg. 19 mill. ; convex. 14 mill. Ou- verture : long. 13 mill.; larg. 10 mill. Spire, hauteur 7 mill. Belle espéce voisine par sa forme de la Narica ligata, dont elledif- fére par ses plis et son ouverture. 7. Narica Gueriniana. Nar. testd orbiculato-ovatd, depressd, subconoided, subtis pland, crassd, albido-lutescente, oblique cos- tatd ; costis rotundatis sulcis majoribus, interdum equalibus, lineis transversis creberrimis eleganter cinctd ; spird semiglobosd, obtu- siusculd ; aperturd semilunari, patuld ; umbilico profundo, extis dilatato, in canalem latum, semisphericum, extis angulatum ex- planato ; columelld rectd, supra lined tenuiter impressd instructd. Hab. ‘ From the island of Capul, Philippines ; found under stones at low water.” H. Cuming. Dimensions. —Long. 9 4 123 mill. ; larg. 11415 mill.; convex. 7 4 9 mill. Ouverture: long. 9 & 11 mill.; larg. 6 4 8 mill. Spire, hau- teur 53a 6 mill. 140 Nous fesons hommage du nom de cette belle Narice 4 M. Guérin- Méneville, savant entomologiste Francais, auquel la conchyliologie doit la connaissance de beaucoup de Mollusques nouveaux dont il gratifie généreusment les disciples de cette science. 8. Narica pistans. Nar. testd parvd, orbiculato-conicd, tenuius- culd, pellucida, albidd, costis longitudinalibus obliquis, angustis acutis valde remotis, regulariter radiatd, interstitiis sub lente te- nuissime et creberrime striatis; spird exsertiusculd, gradatd, conico-acutd ; aperturd semirotundd ; umbilico dilatato, profundo ; canali largo, semicirculari, intis striato, extis angulo acuto cir- cumdato. Hab. “ From Jacna, isle of Bohol, Philippines; found under stones at low water.” H. Cuming. Dimensions.—Long. 7 mill.; larg. 8 mill.; convex. 54 mill. Ou- verture: long. 5 mill.; larg. 4 mill, Spire, hauteur 3 mill. Les cétes de cette Narice ont un demi millimétre de hauteur. 9. Narica rosea. Nar. testd minimd, semiglobosd, rosed, tenui, striato-cancellatd, regulariter granosd ; anfractibus tribus, superne depresso-planiusculis ; spird prominuld, apice levi, mammillatd, rubicunda ; aperturd semirotundd ; columella rectiusculd, albidd, umbilico largo, extis in canalem latiusculum, semiorbicularem pro- ducto ; labro intis striato. Hab. Les Moluques (M. Hardouin-Michelin). Dimensions.—Long. 3 mill.; larg. 3 mill.; convex. 2 mill. Ouver- ture : long. 24, larg. 25. Spire, hauteur 13 mill. Cabinet de M. Ré- cluz. Sa petitesse la rend trés rare. 10. Narica GranuLosa. Nar. testd parvd, semiglobosd, tenui, subpellucidd, albd sive albido-lutescente ; anfractibus superné pla- nulatis, fere gradatis, transversim regulariter striato-costatis ; costis angustioribus oblique striatis ac cancellato-granosis ; spird prominuld, semiglobosd, acuta; aperturd semirotundd, vitred ; co- lumelld tenui vie arcuatd; umbilico profundo ; canali latiusculo, semicirculari. Var. (3. Testd albo-vitred, hyalind. Hab. Les Moluques et la Nouvelle Hollande. Dimensions.—Long. 7 mill. ; larg. 9 mill. ; convex. 6 mill. Ouver- ture: long. 6 mill.; larg. 5 mill. Spire, hauteur 4 mill. Cabinet de M. Récluz. Peu commune. 11. Narica Orpienyana. Nar, testd ovato-globosd, crassiusculd, lacted, transversim cingulatd: cingulis 5-6 obtusis, majoribus, lineis longitudinalibus decussantibus, cancellato-granosd; spird planissimd, ad peripheriam tricarinatd : carinis obtusis, infimis ma- Joribus ; apice valde laterali, acuto, hyalino, levissimo ; aperturd ovato-rotundatd ; columelld basi crassiusculd et antice calloso-gibbd, superne tenuissimad; umbilico minimo, subclauso ; canali lineari subrecto. Hab, La Nouvelle Hollande, sur les cétés de l’ile Maria; trés rare. 141 Cabinet de M. Récluz. Les caractéres la rendent trés distincte dés Narica Cumingiana et N. sulcata (D’Orbigny). Dimensions.—Long. 12 mill. ; larg. 124 mill. ; convex. 8 mill. Ou- verture: long. 10 mill.; larg. 7 mill. Spire, hauteur 5} mill. 12. Narrca Buarnvintzana. Nar. testd ovato-globosd, antice dilatatd, striis transversis inequalibus aratd, postice tenuiter pli- catd: plicis antice obsoletis ; spird parvuld, semisphericd, regu- lariter plicatd, laterali, apice fuscd ; aperturd subrotundd, lacted ; columelld arcuatd, basi et intis subcompressd ; umbilico profundo, angusto, in canalem semilunarem producto ; labro rotundato, intis levissimé striato, Hab. Les Moluques. Dimensions.—Long. 10 mill. ; larg. 11 mill. ; convex. 84 mill. Ou- verture : long. 9 mill.; larg. 7 mill. Spire, hauteur 4 mill. Cabinet de M. Récluz. Cette espéce a beaucoup de ressemblance avec le Narica cancellata, nob. (Sigaretus cancellatus, Lamarck; Merria cancellata, Gray.) Elle est toujours plus petite, moins mince et transparente, a spire plus saillante, et & dernier tour nullement treillisé ni rude au toucher. Elle est assez rare. 13. Narica Sigaretirormis. Nar. testd globoso-acutd, tenui, ex- albidd, pellucidd, fragili ; anfractibus 5-6 transversim subtilissime striatis ; spird prominenti, conico-acutd ; apice elongato, corneo- fusco; aperturd semirotundd ; columelld tenuissimd, vir rectd ; umbilico rotundato, dilatato, profundo, spirali, in canalem subsenis oblongum producto. Velutina Sigaretiformis, Potier, Gal. Moll. Mus. Douai, pl. 39. f. 21, 22, male. Hab. La Nouvelle Hollande, trés rare. Dimensions.—Long. 7 mill. ; larg. 7 mill. ; convex. 54 mill. Owver- ture: long. 5 mill.; larg. 3 mill. Spire, hauteur 23 mill. M. Potier a donné de cette espéce une déscription trés vague et incomplete qui ne permet pas de la reconnaitre; elle n’est pas d’ailleurs dans les formes suivies dans les sciences. Les figures que cet auteur a publiées ne montrent pas le nucleus alongé, cylindrique, aigii, trés fin et d’un corné-brun qui caractérise cette Narice. Ces diverses considérations m’ont porté 4 en donner une déscription plus correcte. Cabinet de M. Récluz. “Descriptions of new species of Delphinula, a genus of pectini- branchiate Mollusks, collected for the most part by H. Cuming, Esq. in the Philippine Islands,” by Mr. Lovell Reeve. 1. Detpuinuta Scararrorwes. Delph. testd globulosd, albd ; an- fractibus rotundis, varicosis, varicibus elevatis, solidis, annulifor- mibus ; interstitiis transverse striatis, striis elevatis ; intus marga- ritaced. Conch. Icon. Delphinula, pl.3. fig. 11, a and b. Hab. Island of Mindanao, Philippines (under stones at low water) ; Cuming. 142 The whorls of this species, which is not punctured like the Delphi- nula Peronii, are encircled with solid rings about seven to the whorl, after the manner of a Scalaria; the shell might indeed be mistaken for one, were it not for its solidity and pearly interior. 2. Dexpninuta varicosa. Delph. testd angulato-globosd, albd, foraminibus sparsim puncturatd ; anfractibus supern? angulatis, Sortiter varicosis, varicibus multicarinatis et elevato-striatis ; intus margaritaced. Conch. Icon. Delphinula, pl. 3. fig. 12, a and 6. Hab. Island of Corregidor, Philippines (found in sandy mud) ; Cu- ming. This species differs from the Delphinula Peronii in having the spire more prominent, and varices entirely across the whorls; they are also more strongly and closely set ; the shell is moreover much more spa- ringly punctured. 3. Detpuinuts pepressa. Delph. testd plano-rotundatd ; spird valde depressd, foraminibus puncturatd ; albd ; anfractibus superne angulatis, fortiter varicosis, varicibus ad angulum acuminato- elevatis ; intus margaritaced. Conch. Icon. Delphinula, pl. 3. fig. 14, a and b. Hab. Island of Camiguing, Philippines (under stones at low water) ; Cuming. No one can fail to recognize this species, by its depressed spire and by the pointed elevation of the varices on the angle of the whorls. 4. Detrninuta piscomEA. Delph, testd discoided; spird plano- depressd, liris longitudinalibus et transversis, interstitiis subtiliter striatis, eximié clathratd; peripherid carinis duabus clathratis prominentibus ornatd. Conch. Icon. Delphinula, pl. 4. fig. 15, a and 6. Hab. Cagayan, island of Mindanao, Philippines (found in coarse sand at the depth of ten fathoms) ; Cuming. The latticed sculpture of this shell very much resembles the cha- racter of a figure in plate 31 of the ‘ Magasin de Zoologie’ for 1834, under the appellation of Delphinula adamantina, Ducios. It differs, however, essentially from that species in form, and I regret to say the D. adamantina, according to the figure alluded to, is quite un- known to me, though elaborately described by Deshayes in the ninth volume of his edition of Lamarck’s ‘ Animaux sans vertébres.’ 5. De.pninuna Evotuta. Delph. testd spiraliter discoided, partim evolutd ; anfractibus subquadratis, marginibus corrugato-crenatis. Conch. Icon. Delphinula, pl. 4. fig. 16, a and b. Hab. Island of Corregidor, Bay of Manila (found in coarse sand at the depth of seven fathoms) ; Cuming. The loose manner in which this shell is rolled, giving it the ap- pearance of a miniature hunter’s-horn, is not a casual deformity. Several specimens were collected by Mr. Cuming at the above- mentioned island. 6. DetpuinuLa MurRicata. Delph. testd turbinatd, pallidé aurantio- 143 fulvd, maculis coccineis vivide aspersd ; anfractibus carinis tribus prominentibus muricato-squamulosis cinctd, supra et infra subtiliter corrugato-striatis ; suturis peculiariter profundis. Conch. Icon. Delphinula, pl. 4. fig. 18, a, b and c. Hab, East Indies; Humphreys MSS. This is by no means a newly- discovered species, the specimens here figured having been found in the old collection of the late Mr. George Humphreys, with the name and locality above used attached to them in his handwriting. 7. DeLpuinuta cLaTHRATA. Delph. testd subdiscoided, anfractibus rotundatis, carinulis transversis et longitudinalibus equidistantibus regulariter clathratis ; labro incrassato, marginato ; umbilico per- amplo. Conch. Icon. Delphinula, pl. 5. fig. 21, a and 6. Hab. Island of Corrigidor, Bay of “Manila (found in coarse sand at the depth of seven fathoms); Cuming. A small species, with a regular latticed surface. 8. Deteuinuta Cosrensis. Delph. testd turbinatd, minutd ; an- fractibus convexis, carinulis transversis et longitudinalibus, equi- distantibus regulariter clathratis ; umbilico mediocri; labro sim- plict. Conch. Icon. Delphinula, pl. 5. fig. 22, a and b. Hab. Port of Cobija, Peru (found under stones in rocky places at low water) ; Cuming. The sculpture of this shell, familiarly known to Mr. Cuming as his ** little Cobija species,” is exactly similar to that of the D. clathrata ; it is however much less discoid in form, the whorls are not so round, the umbilicus is smaller, and the lip is not marginated. 9. De.pHInuLa syDEREA. Delph. testd turbinatd, spird plano- concavd, apice interdum rosaceo, anfractibus angulato-convezis, tuberculis muricatis, in seriebus duabus aut pluribus radiatim stel- latis ; labro incrassato, marginato. Conch. Icon. Delphinula, pl. 5. fig. 23, a and 6. Hab. Island of Camiguing, Philippines (found under stones at low water) ; Cuming. The leading feature of this species, and which is especially promi- nent in young specimens, is its peculiar star-like display of tubercles ; the concave flatness of the spire is also remarkable. 10. Dexrarnuta crparis. Delph. testd subgloboso-turbinatd, soli- da ; anfractibus transversim et longitudinaliter tuberculato-costatis, costis longitudinalibus majoribus, prominentioribus ; anfractuum parte inferiori foraminosd. Conch. Icon. Delphinula, pl. 5. fig. 27. Hab. Calapan, island of Mindoro, Philippines (found in coarse sand at the depth of ten fathoms). ‘This is the roundest and most solid species of the genus. Mr. Reeve also described a fine new species of Voluta, collected 144 off the coast of New Holland, north of Swan River Settlement, in H.M.S. Beagle. Voxrvra reticuLata. Vol. testd elongato-ovatd, levigatd, pallide Sulvd, fusco vel spadiceo-fusco per totam superficiem subtilissime trigono-reticulatd, reticuld bifasciatim confusd ; anfractibus flam- mis brevibus spadiceis longitudinalibus, prominentibus, prope sutu- ras ptf pictis ; aperture fauce spadiceo-fuscd. Long. 33 in.; lat. IS. Hab, Coast of New Holland, north of Swan River Settlement. This beautiful new Volute somewhat resembles the Voluta pallida in form, and is of nearly the same ground tint of colour ; here, how- ever, the resemblance ceases, it being entirely covered with a fine brown net-work, with two broad bands formed by a rich amalga- mation of the net-work. The most striking feature of the shell is in the upper part of the whorls being vividly ornamented with a close-set row of undulating flames of rich brown running down from the sutures, and the enamelled lining of the aperture is of the same uniform rich brown. Of the two specimens just imported in H.M.S. Beagle, one is in the collection of Thos. Norris, Esq., of Redvalves ; the other in that of J. Dennison, Esq., of Woolton Hill. There is a bad specimen of this Volute in the British Museum, and another in the collection of William Metcalfe, Esq. Prof. Owen then read the second and concluding part of his me- moir on the Dinornis*. The arrival of the second box of specimens of the bones collected by the Rev. W. Williams in Poverty Bay, New Zealand, which had been placed by Dr. Buckland in Mr. Owen’s hands, had enabled him to confirm his former account of the generic characters and ordinal affinities of the apparently extinct Dinornis, and also to distinguish renains of five species of that genus. The bones of the foot, and especially the tarso-metatarsal bone, established three distinct species, the largest of which the author proposed to call Dinornis giganteus; the next in point of size he termed Din. struthoides, and the third Din. didiformis. The com- mon generic characters of the tarso-metatarsi of these species were first pointed out, and then their specific differences of proportion and figure. The maturity of the different-sized bones indicating the above species was demonstrated by reference to the long retention of immature characters in the same bone of existing Struthionide, and by the fact of a tarso-metatarsal bone of a half-grown Dinornis giganteus manifesting the same incomplete coalescence of its primi- tively distinct elements ; showing that the Dinornis, like the Ostrich, had a tardy ossification of the skeleton, as compared with birds of flight. The tibize were next described; one of these, belonging to a mature bird, established a species smaller than the Din. didiformis, and which, from its similarity of stature to the great Bustard (Otis tarda), Prof. Owen proposed to call Dinornis otidiformis. The * See Proceedings, January 1843, 145 largest tibia, belonging to the Din. giganteus, presented the extra- ordinary dimensions of two feet eleven inches. The shaft of a smaller tibia, about two feet long when entire, was referred to the Din. struthoides, and there were four entire tibie of the Din. didi- formis. In the series of femora, after the description of the generic characters of the bone, the specimens were pointed out which be- longed to the Dinornithes giganteus, struthoides, didiformis, and oti- diformis, and two other entire femora were described and their di- stinctive characters shown, which indicated, unequivocally in the author’s opinion, a fifth species of Dinornis, of the size of the Emeu, and which was, therefore, named Din. dromeoides. Three pelves, more or less perfect, and portions of two others, were described, and were referred to the Din. giganteus, dromeoides, and didiformis. Three cervical and two dorsal vertebree also indi- cated three distinct species of Dinornis, and all of them presented the common character of unusual strength of the spinous and trans- verse processes. Comparative dimensions of most of the bones ex- hibited were given. No part of the skull, sternum, ribs or wing- bones had been transmitted, but Prof. Owen proceeded to point out the physiological grounds for concluding that the development of the anterior extremities must have presented in the Dinornis an in- termediate condition between that in the Emeu and that in the Apteryx. The author then gave his calculations, from the analogies of existing Struthious birds, of the height of the different species of Dinornis. The largest, Din. giganteus, according to the proportions of the Ostrich, must have stood ten feet five inches, but according to those of the Cassowary, nine feet five inches; its average stature might be taken at ten feet. A diagram of the great extinct bird, restored according to these proportions, was exhibited. The Dinornis struthoides was seven feet high, which is the average stature of the Struthio Camelus. The length of the tibia and metatarsus of the Din. dromeoides not yet being known, the height of five feet was assigned to it as a pro- bable one; its femur corresponds in size with that of the Emeu, whose average measurement in captivity is between five and six feet. The height of the Din. didiformis was four feet; exceeding, there- fore, the extinct Dodo (Didus ineptus), but evidently resembling it in its stouter proportions and shorter metatarsus, as compared with the other species of Dinornis. Prof. Owen next proceeded to consider the evidences of tridactyle birds afforded by the impressions in the New Red Sandstone of Con- necticut, called ‘ Ornithichnites,’ and having pointed out the propor- tions of the tarso-metatarsal bone in existing Struthious birds to their foot-prints, indicated thereby the size of the same bone in dif- ferent Ornithichnites, and reciprocally the sizes of the foot-prints of the different Dinornithes, from those of their tarso-metatarsal bones. The two phalanges of the Dinornis, which were described and compared in this section of the memoir, afforded pretty clear indi- cations of the form and proportions of the toes in the two species 146 (giganteus and didiformis) to which they were referred. ‘These data showed that the trifid foot-print of the Dinornis giganteus must have exceeded in size the Ornithichnites giganteus and O. ingens of Prof. Hitchcock, and that the Din. didiformis must have left impressions as large as those called Ornithichnites tuberosus. 'The author warned his hearers against inferring identity of species or even genus between the extinct Struthionide of the alluvium of New Zealand and those of the trias of North America, on account of correspondence of size and number of toes, which the modern genera Casuarius, Rhea, &c. proved to be insufficient grounds. He concluded by a comparative review of recent and extinct Struthionide, remarking on their peculiar geographical distribution, on the conditions which favoured the for- mer existence of so rich a development of the family in New Zealand, and on the probable causes of their extermination. Evidence of the recent character of the bones described was afforded by the great proportion of animal matter which they retained, and the details of the analysis of the earthy salts were promised for a future Meeting. 147 December 12, 18438. William Yarrell, Esq., V.P., in the Chair. A paper from Dr. J. B. Thompson was read, ‘‘On some forms of malignant disease in the Inferior Animals, with remarks on the ad- vantage of Comparative Pathology generally.” Mr. Gould laid before the Meeting an extensive series of Tou- cans, and called attention to two species which had not hitherto been characterized, viz. :— RaMPHASTOS CITREOLEMUS. Ramp. rostro nigro, vittd latd basali, et culmine olivaceo-viridibus, héc colore gradatim cum flavido apud apicem mandibule utriusque se commiscente ; ptilose nigra ; guld alba; pectore sulphureo, vittd splendid coccined cincto ; tectrici- bus caude superioribus sulphureis. Bill black, with a very broad basal band, and the culmen of an olive-green, passing into pale yellow on the points of both mandibles, and deepening into orange at the gape; the ridge round the base of the bill black; crown of the head, back of the neck, all the upper surface, wings, tail, breast, abdomen and thighs deep black; throat white; chest sulphur-yellow, bounded below by a band of rich deep scarlet; upper tail-coverts sulphur-yellow; under tail-coverts rich deep scarlet. Total length, 21 inches; bill, 55; wing, 8}; tail, 7}; tarsi, 13. Hab. Santa Fé de Bogota. In the collection of Prince Massena at Paris, and in my own. PreRoGLossus PacILosTERNUS. Pt. culmine rostri, strigd angustd ad basim mandibule superioris ; sic et mandibuld inferiore totd nigerrimis ; mandibulis utrisque ad basim lined prominente angusta aurantiacd circumdatis ; mandibule superioris lateribus belle au- rantiacis ; capite et guld splendidé nigerrimis; dorso, alis cau- ddque saturate viridi-olivaceis ; corpore inferiore sulphureo, vittd pectorali nigrd, alterd sanguined. Culmen, a narrow band down the base of the upper mandible and the whole of the under mandible deep black; narrow elevated ridge surrounding the base of both mandibles orange; sides of the upper mandible beautiful orange, fading into white towards the tip, which is stained with red; head and throat deep glossy black; back, wings and tail dark olive-green; rump and upper tail-coverts rich deep blood-red ; all the under surface sulphur-yellow, crossed on the chest ~by an irregular band of black, and on the breast by another of deep blood-red ; the interspaces stained with scarlet ; thighs chestnut, each feather slightly fringed with sulphur-yellow. No. CXXX.—Procrepines or tHE Zoou. Soc. 148 Total length, 18 inches; bill, 44; wing, 6; tail, 74; tarsi, 13. Hab. Santa Fé de Bogota. In the collection of Prince Massena at Paris. Professor Owen read a communication on the Rudimental Mar- supial Bones in the Thylacinus :— The marsupial bones, as bones, do not exist in the Dog-headed Opossum or Hyzena of the Tasmanian colonists (Thylacinus Harrisii, Temm.); they are represented by two small, oblong, flattened fibro- cartilages, imbedded in the internal pillars of the abdominal rings, and appear each as a thickened part of the tendon of the external oblique abdominal muscle, which forms the above pillar. The length of the marsupial fibro-cartilage is six lines, its breadth from three to four lines, its thickness one line and a half. This was the condition of the rudimental marsupial bones in two full-grown females and one male specimen of the Thylacinus: ina fourth large and old male a few particles of the bone-salts were de- posited in the centre of the fibro-cartilage, occasioning a gritty feel- ing when cut across by the knife. This unexpected and very remarkable modification of the most characteristic part of the skeleton of the Marsupialia, in one of the largest of that order, has many important bearings upon the physio- logy of the problematical ‘ ossa marsupialia.” They have been most commonly supposed to serve for the support of the marsupial pouch and young ; but this pouch is well developed in the female Thylacine, and in one of the specimens which I dissected four well-developed teats, each two inches long, indicated that it had contained four young ones when, or shortly before, it was killed. The existence of the marsupial bones in the male as well as the female sex in other marsupial animals had already invalidated the above physiological explanation, and it equally opposes the idea of the use of the mar- supial bones, propounded by M. de Blainville,—that they aid in the compression required to expel the embryo. Besides, it is not in the females of those animals which give birth to the smallest young that we should expect to find auxiliary bones for increasing the power of the muscles concerned in parturition. My view of the uses of the marsupial bones, as explained in the ‘ Philosophical Transactions’ for 1834, is, that they relate more immediately to an increase of power in the muscles (cremasteres) which wind round them, than of those implanted in them: and to the extent to which the cartilaginous representatives of the ossa marsupialia in the Thylacine strengthen the pillars of the abdominal ring, they must increase the contractile force of the compressors of the mammary glands and teats, which are situated and surrounded by the cremasteres in the Thylacine, as in other Marsupialia. Nevertheless, the almost obsolete condition of the ossa marsupialia in the Thylacine, and their very various relative sizes in other Marsupialia, are circumstances which seem incompa- tible with the same kind and degree of use in all the species: they are very slender, and not above half an inch in length m the Myr- mecobius, whilst in the Koala they nearly equal the iliac bones in size. 149 The so-called ‘ pyramidales’ muscles, which derive a great proportion of their origin from the ossa marsupialia, bear a direct ratio to those bones in size; and an attentive observation of the habits and modes of locomotion of the different marsupial species is still want- ing for a complete elucidation of the function of the marsupial bones. It is important to the paleontologist that the cartilaginous condition of the marsupial bones in the Thylacine should be borne in mind in regard to the evidences of the marsupial order that may be yielded by fossil remains: the fossil pelvis of the Thylacine, for example, had that species been long ago, as it soon is likely to be, extinct, would never have afforded the triumphant evidence to which Cuvier appealed in demonstration of the Didelphys of the gypsum quarries at Montmartre; yet the Thylacine would not therefore have been less essentially a marsupial animal. This may teach us to pause before drawing a conclusion against the marsupial character of the small Stonesfield mammalia, if their pelves should ever be found without trace of the ossa marsupialia. “Descriptions of new Shells, collected during the voyage of the Sulphur, and in Mr. Cuming’s late visit to the Philippines,” by Mr. Hinds. Abstract of the accompanying descriptions of shells :— The number of well-authenticated species of Terebra hitherto on record is about sixty. In the present paper exactly fifty more are added, all of which are presumed to have been hitherto unrecorded. Of this number sixteen are from the Indian seas, six are from the African seas, twelve are from the American seas, and five are from the Pacific ; and the whole, without exception, from within the Tro- pics. The localities of eleven are unknown. They most usually occur under a small incumbent pressure, gene- rally at a depth of from five to eighteen fathoms. Some are found about low water, and with much constancy they affect situations where the floor of the ocean is composed of sandy mud. Teresra, Bruguiere. Terepra rosusta. Ter. testd turrito-subulatd, solidd, ponderosd, albidd, flammeis longitudinalibus interrupt? pictd ; anfractibus infe- rioribus rotundatis, indivisis, levigatis, superioribus versis extre- mitatem spire subplanulatis, unocinguliferis, longitrorsum plicatis ; anfractu ultimo rotundato triseriatim picto, ad basin coarctato ; aperturd elongatd ; columelld arcuatd, subcallosd ; epidermide luteo- Juscd ; operculo parvo, crasso. Axis 57 lin. Hab. West coast of America, between 8° 57! and 21° 32! north latitude ; namely at Panama, Gulf of Nicoya, Gulf of Papagayo, and San Blas: in from four to eighteen fathoms, sandy mud. Cab. Belcher and Cuming. TEREBRA succINEA. Ter. testd subulatd, acuminatd, succined, le- vigatd ; anfractibus planulatis, lined impressd divisis, longitrorsum 150 plicis obsoletis vel lineis arcuatis incrementi minutis, transversim infra lineam impressam, leviter striatis ; ared subconcavi, punctis parvis fuscis distantibus biseriatim cinctd, versus margines tuber- culato-incrassatd. Axis 54 lin. Hab. Cab. Cuming. Two specimens of this elegant species are in the above collection, without any history attached to them; they have evidently been highly cleaned, but retain the appearance of having been once covered by an epidermis. TrrEpra consors. Ter. testd gradatim subulatd, levigatd, politd, albiddé, flammeis pallidis fuscis ornatd ; anfractibus subplanulatis, superné lined impressd divisis, ared superiore spire leviter tuber- culatd ; anfractu ultimo prope basin fasciato; apertura inferne subeffusd ; columelld breviusculd. Axis 31 lin. Hab. Tahiti, Society Islands. Cab. Cuming. Its nearest ally is T. dimidiata, than which it is far more gradually subulate ; the upper area of the divided whorl is raised and somewhat rounded ; the white is the base colour of the shell, and the last whorl is distinctly banded. TEREBRA spEcTABILIS. Ter. testd subulatd, levigatd, politd ; an- Fractibus superné sulco impresso divisis, infra longitrorsum pli- catis, interstitiis levigatis, medio saturate castaneis, inferne albis ; cingulo tuberculato, albido ; anfractu ultimo fasciato ; columellé elongatd. Axis 134 lin. Hab. Guinea, on the cies Humphrey. Sumatra, on the sands : Ellis. Cab. Cuming. TeEREBRA BicincTA. Ter. testd subulatd, levigatd, nitidd ; anfracti- bus rotundatis, indivisis, longitrorsum plicatis, superné ared coarc- tatd, transversim biseriatim super plicas minute tuberculatis ; plicis tenuibus, acutis, interstitiis levigatis ; anfractu ultimo concolore. Axis tae lin. Hab. Cab. ee Unique. Remarkably and very distinctly iaemnaesrieea by the two rows of small tubercles which encircle the whorls. The shell is otherwise of an uniform white glassy colour, which might be attributable to its condition. TerEsrRA FATUA. Ter. testdé turrito-subulatd, albidd, levigatd, po- lita ; anfractibus subplanulatis, superioribus lined impressd cinctis, maculis fuscis pallidis distantibus biseriatim ornatis ; spird obso- leté plicatd ; anfractu ultimo elongato, maculis exceptis, unicolore. Axis 34 lin. Hab. St. Christopher, West Indies ; on the sand: Mr. Miller, 1799. Cab. Cuming. 151 TEREBRA NIMBOSA. Ter. testd elongate conico-subulatd, acuminata, lacted, strigis longitudinalibus nubeculatd ; anfractibus planulatis, levigatis, politis, integris, inferne prope suturam alba, anguste fasciatd, ultimo fasciato ; columella levi, truncatd. Axis 25 lin. Hab. i Cab, Cuming. Teresra coputa. Ter. testd elongate turrito-subulatd, acuminata, levigatd, nitidd, saturate castaned ; anfractibus subrotundatis, superne cingulo tuberculato. cinctis, infra plico-costatis ; cingulo atro-castaneo fasciato, rard intervallis tantim maculato, inter- stitiis levigatis ; anfractu ultimo parvo, rotundato, prope basin duabus fasciis albis angustis ornato. Axis 17 lin. Hab. Guinea, on the sands: Humphrey. Cab. Cuming. TEREBRA ALVEOLATA. Ter. testd turrito-subulatd, attenuate acumi- natd, nitidd, fuscd; anfractibus subplanulatis, superne cingulo tuberculato cinctis, infra plico-costatis, interstitiis striatis ; cin- gulo et anfractu ultimo albo fasciato, maculis quadratis rufis ar- ticulato. Axis 16 lin. Hab. Straits of Malacca; in seventeen fathoms, among mud. Cab. Belcher. The description is drawn up from a somewhat young specimen, and the mouth and last whorl have not yet attained their full deve- lopment. ‘The character of the shell is however very conspicuous. In this genus the last whorl will be found very frequently to offer decided features, and becomes a valuable aid in the diagnosis. TEREBRA PULCHRA. Ter. testd turritd, conico-subulatd, acuminatd, nitidd, pallidd ; anfractibus subplanulatis, longitrorsum recte plico- costatis, superné lined impressd cinctis, interstitiis levigatis ; an- fractu ultimo pallide lineato. Axis 11 lin. Hab. Marquesas ; in seven fathoms. Cab. Belcher. Perhaps more nearly resembling 7’. plicata than any other species, from which, with a little care, the description will suffice to distin- guish it. The specimens were collected at the Marquesas group of islands, which scarcely offer any particular novelty in any depart- ment of natural history; and the greatest exception will be found among Terebra, of which it has a few peculiar species, and also some interesting varieties of other well-known kinds. Indeed, though the group is by no means the metropolis of the genus, the species would seem to exist here under some peculiar circumstances. TrrEBRA coLumELLaRis. Ter. testd elongatd, subcylindraced, tur- - rito-subulatd, aurantiacd albo nebulosd ; anfractibus subrotundatis, longitrorsum undate plico-costatis, superné lined impressd cinctis ; interstitiis rufis, striatis ; anfractu ultimo breviusculo, rotundato, albo fasciato. Axis 19 lin. Hab. ? Cab. Cuming. 152 Remarkable from its great similarity to T. undulata, which is itself a peculiar species. The grounds of distinction are its decidedly cylindrical shape, different distribution of the colour, and its short, abrupt, rounded and banded last whorl. Teresra nitipa. Ter. testd obeso-subulatd, acuminatd, pallide plumbed, polita ; anfractibus subplanulatis, recté plico-costatis, su- perne interstitiis lined punctatd cinctis, ultimo parvo subattenuato, unicolore, plicis evanidis ; labio interno producto ; labro anticé sub- sinuoso. Axis 10 lin. Hab. Marquesas ; in seven fathoms, sandy mud. Cab. Belcher. An excellent diagnostic character exists in this species, im the cir- cumstance that the girdling line which traverses the upper part of each whorl does not cross the ribs, but is confined to the interstices. TrerEeBRA varicosa. Ter. testd elongate conico-subulatd, acumi- natd, nitidd ; anfractibus subplanulatis, plico-costatis, superneé cin- gulo tuberculato contractato cinctis ; costis subdistantibus albidis, interstitiis striatis fuscis ; anfractu ultimo breviusculo, rotundato, albo fasciato ; columelld contortd. Axis 11 lin. Hab. Gulf of Papagayo, west coast of ace America ; in twenty- three fathoms, mud. Cab. Belcher. TEREBRA LAURINA. Ter. testd elongate subulatd, acuminata, levi- gatd, polita, olivaced ; anfractibus planulatis, plicis tenuibus sinu- osis, capillaribus, infra evanidis, superne lined impressa obsoletd cinctis, ultimo unicolore, levigato; aperturd fuscd ; columella levi, subtruncatd. Axis 32 lin. Hab. Western Africa; in sandy mud: Rey. W. V. Hennah. Cab. Cuming. The impressed line is always faint, and sometimes not at all visible. The specimens are nearly of an uniform colour, but a band of some- what deeper colour traverses the upper portion of each whorl. TEREBRA STYLATA. Ter. testd subulatd, acuminatd, politd, olivaceda ; anfractibus subplanulatis, integris, numerose plicatis, infra evani- dis, prope suturam albidis maculis fuscis interrupte fasciatis, ulti- mo levigato, inferne albo anguste fasciato ; aperturd fuscd ; colu- melld levi, subtruncatd. “Axis 21 lin. Hab. Japan ; Philippine Islands. Cab, Cuming. TEREBRA TUBEROSA. Ter. testd turrito-subulatd, saturate fulvd, nitida ; anfractibus rotundatis, longitrorsum costatis, superneé cin- gulo numerose tuberculato ; costis brevibus ; nodulosis striis decus- santibus ; columelld contortd. Axis 11 lin. Hab. Ticao, Philippines. Cab. Cuming. Unique. In this characteristic species the girdle consists of a number of small tubercles, superior in number to the vertical ribs. 1538 TreREBRA CONSPERSA. Ter. testd turrito-subulatd, nitidd, albd; anfractibus subrotundatis, plico-costatis, superne lined impressd, precipue interstitiali, cinctis, prope suturam punctis rufis rard conspersis, interstitiis striatis ; anfractu ultimo ad basin fulvo. Axis 10 lin. Hab. Catbalonga, island of Samar, Philippines; eight fathoms, sandy mud. Cab. Cuming. A pretty little species, only known to me through the two speci- mens in the above collection ; and it will readily be distinguished by its sparsely scattered rufous spots and orange base. Teresra tineguauis. Ter. testd turrito-subulatd, albidd, flammeis atro-fuscis longitudinalibus ornatd ; anfractibus planulatis, duabus lineis impressis divisis, infra suturam tuberculatis ; ared inferiore levigatd; anfractu ultimo subrotundato, levigato, fasciato ; apertura quadratd ; columella contortd. Axis 30 lin. Hab. Gulf of Papagayo, Bay of Montejo, west coast of America ; ten to seventeen fathoms, sandy mud. Cab. Belcher and Cuming. The whorls, particularly those of the spire, are divided into three spaces by two girdling lines; the lower area is smooth, but the two others, particularly the most superior, is tubercled. It is a handsome species, from the deep reddish-brown flames with which it is covered. Trerepra ticata, Ter. testd elongate subulatd, acuminata ; anfrac- tibus planulatis, transversim striatis, cingulis duobus tuberculatis, ‘cingulo superiore et ared inferiore maculis quadratis fuscis trans~ versis ornatd, cingulo inferiore minore albidd concolore ; anfractu ultimo parvo, biseriatim maculato. Axis 154 lin. Hab. Marquesas ; in seven fathoms, sandy mud. Cab. Belcher. TrresRA FuNIcuLATA. Ter. testd elongate subulatd, nitidd, fulvd ; anfractibus numerosis, planulatis, superne cingulo levi lined im- pressd diviso, infra cingulo minore, ared inferiore transversim striata ; anfractu ultimo brevi, medio sulco unico ; aperturd parva, concolore ; labio interno subcalloso, producto. Axis 23 lin. Hab. Fr; Cab. Belcher and Cuming. TreREBRA FENESTRATA. Ter. testd elongate conico-subulatd, pallide fulva ; anfractibus planulatis, superne cingulo nodulifero, infra se- cundo minore, inferne cancellatis ; apice subpapillari ; anfractu ultimo quadrato ad basin abrupt? contractato ; aperturd parvd ; labio interno subcalloso, producto. Axis 15 lin. Hab. San Nicholas, island of Zebu, Philippines; sandy mud at low water. Cab. Cuming. TEREBRA EBURNEA. Ter. testdobeso-subulatd, albd; anfractibus levigatis, nitidis, superne lined impressd, inferne uni- vel biseriatim 154 lineis punctatis cinctis ; anfractu ultimo quinis seriebus linearum punctarum ; apertura elongata ; columella levi, breviusculd, Axis ey L6 ‘lin. Hab. Seychelles. Cab. Belcher. Unique. TEREBRA AMANDA. Ter. testd elongate conico-subulatd, nitidd ; anfractibus planulatis, superne cingulo tuberculato margaritaceo cinctis, infra secundo minore concolore, inferne aurantiacis bise- riatim punctato-lineatis, ultimo brevi; columelld contortd. Axis 11 lin. Hab. Straits of Macassar ; in eleven fathoms, coarse sand. Cab. Belcher. An uncommonly pretty shell, offering an elegant contrast between the row of pearly tubercles and the general orange colour. TEREBRA vioLascens. Ter, testa turritd, cylindraceo-subulatd, violaced ; anfractibus rotundatis, longitrorsum oblique plico-costa- tis, superne lined impressd obsolete cinctis ; costis subconfertis, interstittis crebre striatis ; aperturd parva, elongata ; labio interno producto. Axis 15 lin. Hab. New Guinea; in seven fathoms, mud. San Nicholas, Zebu, and Mindanao, Philippines; in twenty to thirty fathoms. Cab. Belcher and Cuming. The Philippine specimens are of a different colour, and disposed to be banded, but they have the appearance of dead shells. The species is very like an American fossil from Alabama, T. venusta, Lea. TEREBRA ARMILLATA. Ter. testd turrito-subulatd, acuminatd, fuscd ; _ anfractibus planulatis, longitrorsum subdistanter plico-costatis, transversim lineis definitis impressis, superné cingulo noduloso, atate valde notabili; anfractu ultimo subquadrato, ad basin albo JSasciato ; aperturd atro-fuscd ; columelld contortd. Axis 22 lin. Hab. Abundant in various localities on the west coast of America between Panama and the Bay of Magdalena in Lower California, in from five to thirteen fathoms; also at the Galapagos, in ten fa- thoms: chiefly in sandy situations. It was also found imbedded in the fossiliferous cliffs which surround a portion of the Bay of Mag- dalena. Cab. Belcher and Cuming. TEREBRA ASPERA. Ter. testd turrito-subula d, acuminatd, pallidd, aurantiacd vel fuscd ; anfractibus subrotundatis, longitrorsum sub- conferté plico-costatis, nodulosis liris transversis decussantibus, superné cingulo plico-nodulifero sparsim fusco maculato ; anfractu ultimo rotundato, ad basin albo fasciato ; apertura colorem teste simulante ; columellé plicatd. Axis 23 lin. Hab. Panama, Monte Christi, St. Elena, west coast of America; in from six to ten fathoms, sandy mud. Cab. Cuming. TEREBRA TUBERCULOSA. Ter. testd turrito-subulatd, acuminatd, 155 olivaced ; anfractibus planulatis, levigatis, politis, superne cingulo tuberculato, area inferiore triseriatim tuberculato, seriebus duabus superioribus frequenter subevanidis ; anfractu ultimo subquadrato, unicolore, multiseriatim tuberculato ; columelld contortad. Axis 24 lin. Hab. Panama, Gulf of Papagayo, and San Blas; in from four to eleven fathoms. Cab. Belcher. TEREBRA SPECILLATA. Ter. testd gracilé turrito-subulatd, valde acuminata, alba, rufo sparsim maculatd et nebulosd ; anfractibus subplanulatis longitrorsum subdistanter tenué plico-costatis, trans- versim leviter striatis, superne cingulo tuberculato, interstitiis tuberculorum precipue pictis ; anfractu ultimo fasciato ; aperturd parvd ; columella subrectd. Axis 20 lin. Hab. San Blas; from seven fathoms, sandy mud. Cab. Belcher. TEREBRA INTERTINCTA. Ter. testa turrito-subulatd, pallidd vel cerulescente ; anfractibus planulatis, politis, duabus vel tribus lineis transversis, superne cingulo tuberculato, inferne obsolete tuberculo-plicatis, interstitiis tuberculorum fusco maculatis ; an- Fractu ultimo subrotundato, uniseriatim tuberculato, interstitiis nebulosis ; aperturd ovali. Axis 20 lin. Hab. Gambia; among sandy mud. Cab. Cuming and Saul. TEREBRA RADULA. Ter. testd turrito-subulatd, fulvd, nitidd; an- Sractibus rotundatis, plicis tuberculatis longitudinalibus et trans- versis cancellatis, prope suturam serie tuberculorum majusculorum ; anfractu ultimo ad basin albo angusté fasciato ; aperturd oblonga, concolore. Axis 19 lin. Hab. Puerto Portrero, west coast of America; in thirteen fathoms, coral sand. Cab. Cuming. A single specimen. TEREBRA BIFRONS. Ter. testd turrito-subulatd, levigatd, fuscéd ; anfractibus rotundatis, inferioribus multiseriatim tuberculatis, su- perioribus longitrorsum biseriatim tuberculo-plicatis ; tuberculis parvis approximatis, interstitiis levibus ; aperturd oblonga ; colu- mella rectiusculd, subtruncatd. Axis 23 lin. Hab. Japan; sandy mud: Dr. Siebold. Cab. Cuming. Unique. TeReBRA GLAuca. Ter. testd turrito-subulatd, acuminatd, glauces- cente ; anfractibus rotundatis, eleganter cancellatis, prope sutu- ram cingulo albido tuberculato ; anfractu ultimo elongato, pallidz fasciato ; aperturd ovali ; columella contortéd. Axis 14 lin. Hab. Cab. Cuming. Unique. TEREBRA LARVEFORMIS. Ter. testd subcylindraced, turrito-subulatd, 156 Suscd, nitidd ; anfractibus brevibus rotundatis, longitrorsum plico- costatis, superné lined impressd contractatis ; costis rotundatis vel varicosis, interstitiis leviter striatis ; anfractu ultimo breviusculo, pallide fasciato ; apertura pallidd. Axis 23 lin. Hab. St. Elena, Monte Christi, west coast of America; in from six to fifteen fathoms, sandy mud. Cab. Cuming. I have examined a number af specimens of this shell, all of which I refer to this species, and find them vary much in the general and relative proportion of their outline and width of whorls. TEREBRA ELATA, Ter. testd subcylindraced, elongate turrito-subulatd, pallide fulvad; anfractibus feré planulatis, longitrorsum plicatis, superné lined impressa cinctis ; plicis approximatis, interstitiis striatis, anfractu ultimo ad basin et prope suturam fusco ; aper- turd elongatd. Axis 12 lin. Had. Bay of Montijo, west coast of America; in fifteen fathoms, coarse sand. Cab. Cuming. TEREBRA TEXTILIS. Ter. testa turrito-subulaid, pallide luted ; an- Sractibus fere planulatis, longitrorsum plicatis, superne linea punc- tato-impressd cinctis, serie tuberculorum deinde excisd albida ; pli- cis approximatis, interstitiis striatis ; anfractu ultimo parvo, uni- colore ; columella plicatd, labio interno producto. Axis 114 lin. Hab. Sorsogon, Bay of Manila, Philippines; Straits of Macassar ; in from six to thirteen fathoms, sand and coarse gravel. Cab. Cuming and Belcher. This Asiatic species very closely resembles the American just de- scribed, and furnishes another of those instances of affinity, whilst still retaining unquestionable distinctness, which occur so frequently in the shells of the tropics of the two hemispheres ; and thus whilst both are enriched by similar forms, these present themselves under slight but constant differences. Teresra picta. Ter. testd subcylindraced, turrito-subulatd, nitidd, pallidé aurantiacd, atro-fusco longitrorsum maculata vel nebulosé ; anfractibus rotundatis, superne cingulo tuberculato, infra plico- costatis, interstitiis striatis ; anfractu ultimo fasciato ; aperturd parvd, atro-fuscd ; columelld subrectéd. Axis 15 lin. Hab. San Nicholas, island of Zebu, Philippines. Cab. Cuming. Trresra casta. Ter. testé turrito-subulatd, albescente, levigatd, politd ; anfractibus integris, planulatis, superne plicatis et lacteo fasciatis, infra levigatis, strigis longitudinalibus pallide fuscis nebulosis ; anfractu ultimo subelongato, lacteo fasciato ; columella brevi, subrectd. Axis 13 lin. Hab. Tlo-ilo, island of Panay, Philippines, at low water. Cab. Cuming. TrREBRA INconsTANS. Ter. testd obeso-subulatd, acuminatd, lividd 157 vel pallidd, polité ; anfractibus integris, subrotundatis, longitror- sum plicatis, interstitiis levigatis ; infra suturam et ad basin an- fractis ultimi pallide fasciata ; apertura effusd; columelld trun- catd, subcallosd. Axis 16 lin. Hab. Sandwich Islands. Cab. Cuming. This species has much of the general character of 7. anomala, but the whorls are constantly entire, and the shells are more acuminate and obese. TEREBRA PENICILLATA. Ter. testd turritd, obeso-subulatd, levigatd, politd, albd lineis undatis rufis longitrorsum dispositis ; anfracti- bus integris, ultimo elongato, efasciato; spird obsolete plicatd; aperturd elongatd ; columelld levi. Axis 17 lin. Hab. Seychelles. Cab. Belcher and Cuming. TrreBra venosa. Ter. testd subcylindraceo-subulatd, levigatd, politd; anfractibus integris, subplanulatis, superne albo, infra purpureo cinctis, strigis rufis longitudinalibus flexuosis ; spird pli- catd, anfractu ultimo subrotundato, rariis transversim Sasciato vel lineato ; aperturd elongata, albd. Axis 16 lin. Hab. ? Cab. Cuming. The only species in this now extensive genus where the fasciation of the last whorl is not to be relied on as a character. These two species have been united by M. Kiener with T. lan- ceata, but I cannot help regarding them as most unquestionably di- stinct. Terepra Luctuosa. Ter. testd gracile acuminatd, levigatd, politd, atro-fuscd, rariis castaned vel olivaced ; anfractibus subplanulatis, integris, superne plicis parvis undatis, infra evanidis, ultimo elon- gato, concolore ; columella levi, breviusculd. Axis 17 lin. Hab. Gulf of Nicoya; Puerto Portrero, west coast of America; in twelve fathoms, coral sand. Cab. Cuming and Belcher. Terepra cusprpata. Ter. testd gracile et elongate subulatd, valde acuminata, levigatd, politd, nitidd ; anfractibus planulatis, integris, superne plicatis, infra evanidis, pallidis ceruleo anguste fasciatis ; anfractu ultimo levigato, subdiaphano, ad basin fascia rufa ornato. Axis 13 lin. Hab, Cape Coast, Africa: Humphrey. Cab. Cuming. Trresra micans. Ter. testd conico-subulatd, acuminata, semiopacd, pallide fulvd, nitidd ; anfractibus planulatis, integris, longitrorsum plicis capillaribus, superne ceruleo et ad basin anfractis ultimi Susco fasciatis ; apertura inferne effusd; columella truncatd. Axis 13 lin. Hab, ——? 158 Cab. Cuming. The specific name I find in use as a cabinet name, but I am igno- rant who is the originator. TEREBRA LEPIDA. Ter. testd obeso- vel rariis subcylindraceo-subu- latd, acuminatd, levigatd, politd, albidd vel pallide fulva ; anfrac- tibus planulatis, integris, plicis longitudinalibus acutis, interstitiis levigatis, superne maculis rufis cinctis ; anfractu ultimo subcylin- draceo, pallide fasciato. Axis 10 lin. Hab. Guinea; on the sands : Humphrey. Cab. Cuming. TEREBRA OBESA. Ter. testd obeso-subulatd, levigatd, albidd, ma- culis fuscis longitudinalibus pallide ornatd ; anfractibus paucis, subrotundatis, integris, ultimo biseriatim maculato ; spird obsolete plicatd ; aperturd oblonga ; columella truncatd. Axis 6 lin. Hab. ? Cab. Cuming. Unique. In this singular little shell the last whorl occupies nearly one half of the entire length. TEREBRA NASSOIDES. Ter. testd obeso-subulatd, levigatd, nitidd, anfractibus planulatis, integris, superne albo, medid fusco cinctis, ultimo unicolore ; aperturd inferne effusd. Axis 6 lin. Hab. ? Cab. Cuming. TEREBRA RUSTICA. Ter. testd obeso-subulatd, acuminata, fuscd, nitidd, striis transversis scabra ; anfractibus subrotundatis, longi- trorsum plico-costatis, superne infra suturam luteis ; plicis sub- distantibus, feré continuis ; anfractu ultimo elongato, concolore ; aperturd elongatd ; columella levi, subrectd. Axis 8 lin. Hab. Cab. Metcalfe. TEREBRA TENERA. Ter. testd parvd, obeso-subulatd, levigatd, ni- tidd, anfractibus plico-costatis, pallide fulvis, superne prope sutu- ram rufo fasciatis, ultimo ad basin rufo; plicis continuis ; colu- mellaé contortd. Axis 4 lin. Hab. Straits of Malacca, in seventeen fathoms ; Ceylon. Cab. Belcher. TEREBRA MERA. Ter. testd subcylindraceo-subulatd, levigatd, ni- tidd, albidd, vel pallide rufo late fasciatd ; anfractibus subplanu- latis, superne plicis parvis numerosis obliquis, infra evanidis ; aperturd parvd, elongatd ; columella subtruncatd. Axis 7% lin, Hab. Straits of Malacca, in seventeen fathoms. Cab. Belcher. TEREBRA PyGMamA. Ter. testd purpured, obeso-subulata ; anfrac- tibus paucis, subrotundatis, longitrorsum minute plico-costatis, su- perne insigniter fascid angustd atro-purpured cinctis, ultimo prope 159 basin fasciato ; apertura parvd, fused ; labio interno subproducto. Axis 3 lin, Hab. Straits of Malacca, in seventeen fathoms. Cab. Belcher. Synopsis of the known species of Terebra, by Mr. Hinds. The genus Terebra, as at present received, contained in the time of Linnzus several species, which were then referred to Buccinum. Lamarck enumerates twenty-four species ; seven were described in the Tankerville Catalogue by Mr. Sowerby in 1825 ; twenty-one by Mr. Gray in the Zoological Proceedings for 1834; and a few additional are scattered through other publications. The list of M. Deshayes assigns the amount of recent species as forty-four, and of fossil as sixteen, at the period of its formation. M. Kiener’s Monograph contains thirty-five recent species. In the following synopsis con- siderable care has been taken to compare the previously described species with each other, so as to correct their synonymy, and also in collecting their different habitats; for on this point our information was most deficient, since the native country of several of the La- marckian species was unknown or only vaguely mentioned, and in those described in the Zoological Proceedings for 1834, the locality of a single species is alone given. As the authority for a habitat always increases its value, it is here inserted ; and to those for which I am myself responsible, my initial is attached. The statistical details stand thus :—Species previously described, recent 58, fossil 24; now first described 50—total 132; both recent and fossil 8. TEREBRA, Bruguiére. Terebra, Bruguitre (nec Adanson) ; Acus, Humphrey ; Subula, Schu- macher, Blainville ; Loxonema, Phillips. REcENT. 1, {Teresra macurara!, Linneus (sp.). Buccinum maculatum, Linn., Gmelin, No. 130. Terebra maculata, Lamarck, Hist. des Animaux sans Vert. vol. vii. p. 283. Subula maculata, Schumacher, Nouv. Syst., p. 233; Blainvyille, Malacologie, p. 405. t. 16. f. 2. Hab. All the groups of islands in the North and South Pacific ; Indian Seas, as far as the Seychelles: H. Fossil—shores of the Red Sea: Burton. (vide specimen in museo Belcher.) ’ The sign attached to this and other species is meant to represent that they are found both in a recent and fossil state. In practice I have found it highly convenient to employ certain signs, and having shown them to some who have regarded them as useful, they are here introduced. I have expressed a recent shell by the sign +; a fossil shell, |; and one found in both conditions, {. And I have found a great advantage in these signs, that they are easily converted. 160 2. TEREBRA STRIGATA, Sowerby, Tank. Cat. p. 25. T. elongata, Wood, Index Suppl. T. flammea, Lesson, Ill. de Zool. t. 48. T. zebra, Kiener, Iconographie, p. 5. t. 3. f. 5. Hab. Panama, very abundant: H. The Indian locality assigned in Wood’s ‘ Index’ to this species is undoubtedly incorrect. (v. s. in m. Belcher.) 3. TEREBRA FLAMMEA, Lamarck, 1. c. vol. vii. p. 284. Hab. Indian Seas: Kiener. (v. s. in m. Cuming.) 4, TEREBRA SUCCINEA, sp. 0.., vide ante. 5. TEREBRA ROBUSTA, sp. 0, vide ante. 6. TEREBRA ORNATA, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 62. Hab. Gallapagos Islands; five to seven fathoms, coral sand: Cu- ming. Panama; seven fathoms, mud: H. (v. s. in m. Belcher.) 7. { TEREBRA CRENULATA, Linnzus (sp.). Buccinum crenulatum, Linn., Gmelin, No. 132. B. candidum, Born, Mus. p. 263. t. 10. f. 8. Terebra maculata, Perry, t. 16. f. 2. Hab. Marquesas Islands: H. Tahiti; Amboina. Fossil—shores of the Red Sea: Burton. (v.s. in m. Belcher.) 8. TEREBRA DIMIDIATA, Linnzus (sp.). Buccinum dimidiatum, Linn., Gmelin, No. 138. B. ferrugineum, Born, Mus. p. 263. t. 10. f. 7. Terebra carnea, Perry, t. 16. f. 1. A Hab. Tahiti; Amboina: H. (v. s. in m. Belcher.) I am scarcely satisfied that Born’s shell is T. dimidiata, though so considered by Dillwyn. The latter was known to Born, who con- sidered it as distinct, and they are so mentioned. 9. TEREBRA CONSORS, sp. n., vide anté. 10. TEREBRA ARGUS. T. nebulosa, Kiener, Iconographie, p. 23. t. 10. f. 22. : Hab. Tahiti, Society Islands: Cuming. Nukuhiva, Marquesas : H. (v.s. in m. Belcher.) : The name is preoccupied in a species described by Mr. Sowerby. 11. TeREBRA MuUsCARIA, Lamarck, 1. c. vol. vii. p. 285. Hab. Tahiti; Feejee Islands: H. (v. s. in m. Belcher.) The figure in the ‘Encyclop. Méthod.’ referred to T. subulata, represents this shell, an error which was subsequently corrected by Lamarck. An analogous mistake has been committed in Sowerby’s ‘ Genera of Shells,’ where T. swbulata is represented with a reference at the foot to T. muscaria. 12. TEREBRA TIGRINA, Gmelin (sp.). Buccinum tigrinum (bis), Gmelin, No. 135. B. felinum, Dillwyn, vol. ii. Terebra felina, Sowerby, Tank. Cat. p. 76. Hab. ? (vy. s. in m. Cuming.) 161 13. { TEREBRA DUPLICATA, Linnzus (sp.). Buccinum duplicatum, Linn., Gmelin, No. 136. Terebra Lamarckii, Kiener, p. 30. t. 9. f. 19. Hab. Zanzibar ; Singapore. Majambo Bay, Madagascar: H. Fos- sil—shores of the Red Sea: Burton. (v. s. in m. Cuming.) T. Lamarckii seems to me only a pretty and characteristic variety. 14. Teresra Dussumiertit, Kiener, l.c. p. 31. t. 8. f.17. Hab. Haynan, China: Humphrey. (v. s. in m. Cuming.) 15. {TeresrA suBULATA, Linneus (sp.). Buccinum subulatum, Linn., Gmelin, No. 131. Terebra fusca, Perry, t. 16. f. 3. Hab. Tahiti, Society Islands ; Bow Island, pale var.; Moluccas: H. Fossil—shores of the Red Sea; Burton. (vy. s. in m. Belcher.) 16. TereBRA ocuLATA, Lamarck, 1. c. vol. vii. p. 286. Hab. Bow Island; Society Islands; Amboina: H. 17. TEREBRA SPECTABILIS, sp. n., vide ante. 18. TeEREBRA GEMMULATA, Kiener, l. c. p. 15. t. 5. f. 11. Hab. ? (vy. s. in m. Cuming: a single specimen.) 19. TEREBRA COPULA, sp. n., vide ante. 20. TEREBRA FATUA, sp. n., vide ante. 21. TEREBRA ALBIDA, Gray, l.c. p. 63. Hab. New South Wales, on the sands: Humphrey. (v. s. in m. Gray.) 22. TEREBRA CLORATA, Lamarck, 1. c. vol. vii. p. 288. T. Knorrii, Gray, 1. c. p. 59. Hab. Seychelles: Dufo. (v. s. in m. Cuming.) 23. TEREBRA RAPHANULA, Lamarck, 1. c. vol. vii. p. 288. Hab. Amboina: H. (v.s. in m. Belcher.) 24, TEREBRA CERITHINA, Lamarck, 1. c. vol. vii. p. 288. Hab. Philippine Islands: Cuming. Bow Island; Society Islands ; Feejee Islands: H. (v. s. in m. Belcher.) 25. TEREBRA CHRULESCENS, Lamarck, 1. c. vol. vii. p. 288. Hab. New Holland: Lamarck. Society Islands; Feejee Islands : H. (v.s. in m. Cuming.) 26. TEREBRA NIMBOSA, sp. n., vide ante. 27. TEREBRA SENEGALENSIS, Lamarck, 1. c. vol. vii. p. 287. T. striatula, Lamarck, 1. c. vol. vii. p. 288. Hab. Gambia and other localities on the west coast of Africa. (v. s. in m. Belcher.) Kiener’s figure at t. 9. f. 18. represents T, strigilata. It is the faval of Adanson. 28. TEREBRA FUSCO-MACULATA, Sowerby, Tank. Cat. p. 23. Hab. Senegal: Sowerby. I cannot identify this shell, but there is much probability that 162 it may be one of the varieties of T. senegalensis, Lamarck ; a shell not so well known twenty years since as at present. 29. TEREBRA CINGULA, Kiener, l. c. p. 28. t. 8. f. 16. Hab. ? (v. s. in m. Cuming.) 30. TEREBRA LAURINA, Sp. 0., vide ante. 31. TEREBRA STYLATA, sp. n., vide ante, 32. TEREBRA CASTANEA, Kiener, l.c. p. 19. t. 7. f. 14. Hab. Mauritius: Kiener. Guinea: Humphrey. (vy. s.in m. Cu- ming.) I feel tolerably certain that I have referred the right shell to Kie- ner’s description and figure. With the latter it agrees sufficiently well, but the whorls are decidedly divided. His description and figures widely differ. , 33. {TEREBRA PERTUSA, Born (sp.). Buccinum pertusum, Born, Mus. p. 267. t. 10. f. 18. Terebra undata, Defrance, Dict. des Scien. Nat. Hab. ? Fossil—Bordeaux: Basterot. South of Europe: Bronn. (v. s. in m. Cuming.) The shells represented in Kiener’s ‘ Iconographie’ by t. 11. f. 24 b. and 24 c. as varieties, are respectively 7. affinis, Gray, and T. undu- lata, Gray. 34, TEREBRA NUBECULATA, Sowerby, Tank. Cat. p. 25. Hab. ? This shell I am unable to identify. 35. TEREBRA NEBULOSA, Sowerby, l.c. p. 25. Hab. ? (v. s. in m. Cuming.) 36. TEREBRA ALVEOLATA, sp. n., vide ante. 37. TEREBRA SPECILLATA, Sp. 0, vide anté. 38. TEREBRA CONSPERSA, sp. n., vide ante. 39. TEREBRA VARICOSA, sp. n., vide anté. 40. TEREBRA FRIGATA. T. gracilis, Gray, l.c. p. 61. Hab. Africa: Gray. Gallapagos Islands; in six fathoms, coral sand: Cuming. (v.s. in m. Gray.) A fossil species has priority of name. 41. TEREBRA PLUMBEA, Quoy, Voy. de l’Astrolabe, p. 470. t. 36. £29; 30: Hab. Moluccas : Quoy and Gaimard. Cagayan, island of Misamis, Philippines: Cuming. (v. s. in m. Cuming.) 42. TEREBRA NITIDA, Sp. n., vide ante. 43. TEREBRA HASTATA, Gmelin (sp.). Buccinum hastatum, Gmelin. Terebra costata, Menke, Syn. Mus., p. 84. Hab. ? (vy. s. in m. Cuming.) 44. TEREBRA CASTA, Sp. n., vide ante. 163 45. TEREBRA RUDIS, Gray, l.c. p. 60. Terebra Petitii, Kiener, 1. c. p. 37. t. 13. f. 32. Hab, Shores of New York and Philadelphia: Kiener. (v.s. in m. Gray.) _46. Trerepra PLicaTA, Gray, l.c. p. 61. Hab. Guayaquil ; in twelve fathoms, sandy mud: Cuming. 47. TEREBRA EBURNEA, §p. n., vide ante. 48. TEREBRA AMANDA, §). 0., vide anté. 49, TEREBRA TESSELLATA, Gray, l.c. p. 61. Hab. ? (v. s. in m. Britannico.) 50. TEREBRA LIGATA, sp. n., vide ante. 51. TEREBRA LINGUALIS, sp. n., vide ante. 52. TEREBRA CORRUGATA, Lamarck, 1. c. vol. vii. p. 287. T. punctata, Gray, 1. c. p. 61. Hab. ? (vy. s.in m. Gray.) 53. TEREBRA FUNICULATA, Sp. n., vide ante. 54. TrEREBRA TRICOLOR, Sowerby, Tank. Cat. p. 24. T. teniolata, Quoy, Voy. de 1’ Astrolabe, p. 466. t. 36. f. 25, 26. Hab. Tongatabu: Quoy and Gaimard. Island of St. Thomas: Sowerby. (vy. s. in m. Cuming.) There is most probably some error in one of these localities. 55. TEREBRA MONILIS, Quoy, Voy. de l’Astrolabe, p. 467. t. 36. ele 2D! Hab. 56. TEREBRA CINGULIFERA, Lamarck, l.c. vol. vil. p. 289. T. punctulata, Sowerby, Tank. Cat. p. 24. T. punctatostriata, Gray, l.c. p. 61. Hab. New Holland: Kiener. Annaa, South Pacific ; Ilo-ilo, island of Panay, and island of Burias, Philippines: Cuming. Tahiti: H. (v. s. in m. Gray.) ? (vy. s. in m. Cuming.) 57. TEREBRA BABYLONIA, Lamarck, 1. c. vol. vil. p. 287. T. striata, Gray, 1. c. p. 60. Hab. Haynan, China: Schroter. Bow Island; Tahiti; Feejee Islands: H. (v. s. in m. Gray.) 58. TEREBRA STRAMINEA, Gray, l. c. p. 62. Hab. Haynan, China ;.Tranquebar : Schréter. 59. TEREBRA PRETIOSA, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1842, p. 200. Hab. China, (vy. s. in m. Cuming.) Two specimens only of this fine shell appear to be known. 60. {TEREBRA CoMMACULATA, Gmelin (sp.). Buccinum strigilatum, Gmelin (nec Linn.). B. commaculatum, Gmelin, No. 1438. Terebra myuros, Lamarck, 1. c. vol. vii. p. 289. T. scabrella, Lamarck, 1. c. vol. vii. p. 289. 164 Hab. New Guinea: H. Fossil—shores of the Red Sea: Burton. (v. s. in m. Belcher.) An impression seems to exist that this may be Buccinum murinum, Linneus, but tae brief description does not appear to me to favour this view. 61. TEREBRA TRISERIATA, Gray, l.c. p. 61. Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines; six fathoms, sand: Cuming. China Sea; twenty-two fathoms: H. (v. s. in m. Gray.) 62. TEREBRA LEVIGATA, Gray, l.c. p. 61. Hab. Ceylon: H. 63. TEREBRA L2VIs, Gray, l.c. p. 61. Hab. > (y. s. in m. Gray.) At first | was somewhat struck with the peculiar appearance of the specimen, but after repeated examination and comparison I feel satisfied that it is the worn apex of either 7. muscaria or T. oculata, which are in this state much alike. 64. TEREBRA COLUMELLARIS, Sp. 0., vide ante. 65. TEREBRA UNDULATA, Gray, l.c. p. 60. T. pertusa, Kiener, Iconographie, var. t. 11. f.24 ec. Hab. Bow Island; New Guinea; Straits of Malacca: H. (v.s. in m. Gray.) 66. TEREBRA AFFINIS, Gray, l.c. p. 60. T. striata, Quoy, Voy. de l Astrolabe, p. 468. t. 36. f. 23, 24. Hab. Feejee Islands; Seychelles: H. (v. s. in m. Gray.) This species varies much in the size of its shells. The robust specimens are M. Quoy’s species; his name, though having a short priority, is previously occupied. 67. TEREBRA VARIEGATA, Gray, l.c. p. 61. T. africana, Gray, Griffith’s Cuvier, t. 23. f. 5. Hab. Guaymas, Gulf of California; ten to twelve fathoms, sandy mud: Cuming. (v. s. in m. Gray.) I can scarcely discover the priority of these names, but the second is obviously objectionable. 68. TEREBRA INTERTINCTA, Sp. n., vide anté. 69. TEREBRA ARMILLATA, sp. 0., vide ante. 70. TEREBRA ASPERA, Sp. 0., vide ante. 71. TEREBRA RADULA, sp. n., vide ante. . 72. TEREBRA BIFRONS, sp. n., vide ante. 73. TEREBRA GLAUCA, sp. n., vide ante. 74, TEREBRA BICINCTA, sp. n., vide ante. 75. TEREBRA TUBERCULOSA, sp. n., vide ante. 76. TEREBRA LARVEFORMIS, Sp. n., vide ante. 77. TEREBRA FENESTRATA, Sp. n., vide ante. 78. TEREBRA PICTA, sp. n., vide ante. 165 79. TEREBRA VIOLASCENS, sp. n., vide ante. 80. TEREBRA ALBA, Gray, l. c. p. 60. Hab. ? (vy. s. in m. Gray.) 81. TereBRA FLAVA, Gray, l.c. p. 60. Hab. ? (vy. s. in m. Gray.) 82. TEREBRA ELATA, Sp. N., vide anté. 83. TEREBRA TEXTILIS, sp. n., vide anté. 84. TEREBRA CANCELLATA, Quoy, Voy. del’ Astrolabe, p. 471.t. 36. f. 27, 28. Hab. Moluccas: Quoy and Gaimard. (v. s. in m. Cuming.) 85. TEREBRA CANCELLATA, Gray, l. c. p. 62. Hab. This species I have not seen. The name, being preoccupied, re- quires to be changed. 86. TEREBRA PULCHRA, sp. n., vide ante. 87. TEREBRA EBURNEA, Sp. n., vide ante. 88. TEREBRA LANCEATA, Gmelin (sp.). Buccinum lanceatum, Gmelin, No. 137. Hab. Tahiti; Mauritius; Cuming. Amboina: H. (vy. s.inm. Belcher.) 89. TEREBRA PENICILLATA, sp. n., vide ante. 90. TEREBRA VENOSA, sp. n., vide anté. 91. TEREBRA INCONSTANS, sp. n., vide ante. 92. TEREBRA ANOMALA, Gray, l.c. p. 62. Hab. Singapore ; in seven fathoms: Cuming. (v. s. in m. Gray.) 93. {TEREBRA CINEREA, Born (sp.). Buccinum cinereum, Born, Mus. p. 267. t. 10. f. 11, 12. Terebra aciculina, Lamarck, 1. c. vol. vii. p. 290. Hae. Manila, on the sand: Cuming. Fossil—Bordeaux : Basterot. (v. s. in m. Cuming.) 94. TEREBRA STRIGILATA, Linnzus (sp.). Buccinum strigilatum, Linn., Syst. Nat. no. 484. Hab. New Guinea; Straits ‘of Macassar : H. Philippine Islands : Cuming. (v.s. in m. Belcher.) At p. 29 of the ‘ Iconographie’ M. Kiener describes this shell, and t. 9. f. 19. represents it; but the reference at the foot is to 7. stria- tula, Lamarck. 95. TEREBRA LUCTUOSA, sp. n., vide anté. 96. TEREBRA CUSPIDATA, sp. 0., vide ante. 97. TEREBRA MICANS, sp. n., vide ante. 98. TEREBRA LEPIDA, Sp. n., vide ante. 99. TrREBRA ALBULA, Menke, Moll. Nov. Holland. p. 30. Hab. West coast of New Holland: Menke. 166 100. TEREBRA OBESA, Sp. 0, vide anté. 101. TEREBRA NASSOIDES, sp. n., vide anté. 102. TEREBRA TUBEROSA, sp. n., vide ante. 103. TEREBRA RUSTICA, sp. n., vide ante. 104. TrREBRA AcICULATA, Lamarck (sp.). Buccinum aciculatum, Lamarck, 1. c. vol. vil. p. 274. Hab. Acapulco; Sonsonati; Xipixapi: Cuming. (v.s.inm. Cu- ming.) 105. Teresra CosEnTINI1, Philippi, p. 227. t.11. f. 29. Hab. Naples : Philippi. (v. s. in m. Cuming.) 106. TEREBRA TENERA, Sp. n., vide ante. 107. TrREBRA MERA, sp. 0., vide ante. 108. TEREBRA PYGMZA, sp. n., vide ante. FossI. 109. ‘TEREBRA PLICATULA, Brocchi (sp.). Buccinum plicatulum, Brocchi, Conchiologia. Hab. Paris: Deshayes. Bordeaux ; Siebenburgen : Bronn. 110. TeREBRA GRANULATA, Phillips, Geol. York. vol. i. t.7. f. 16. Hab. Scarborough : Phillips. 11]. TEREBRA MELANOIDES, Phillips, 1. c. vol. i. t. 4. f. 13. Hab. Yorkshire : Phillips. 112. TerEesra vetusTA, Phillips, 1. c. vol.i. t. 9. f. 25. Hab. Yorkshire : Phillips. 113. TereBra viTTATA, Phillips, lc. vol. i. t. vii. f. 15. Hab. Scarborough : Phillips. 114. Trresra FuscaTA, Brocchi (sp.). Buccinum fuscatum, Brocchi, Conchiol. vol. ii. p. 344. Terebra plicaria, Basterot, Mém. d’Hist. Naturelle, 1825. T. striolata, Risso, Histoire de Nice, f. 74. Hab. Bordeaux: Basterot. Nice: Risso. 115. TEREBRA STRIATA, Basterot, Mémoire, 1825. Hab. Bordeaux : Basterot. Four different shells have received this specific name, of which the above claims the priority. It is not always easy so to adjust and apply the nomenclature, that a designation once used should not be adopted again; but in cases like the present it is difficult to believe that a little reference would not have avoided the frequent repe- tition of the same name, whereby not only some confusion would have been avoided, but those who come after would have been saved the unpleasant and ungracious duty of substituting new names. 116. TEREBRA consTRICTA, Sowerby, Min. Conch. vol. iii. p. 218. Hab. Yorkshire : Phillips. 117. TEREBRA LINEATA, Sowerby, Min. Conch. vol. iii. p. 218. Hab. England : Sowerby. 167 118. TeREBRA PORTLANDICA, Sowerby, Geol. Trans. 2nd Ser. vol. iv. t. 23. £..6. Hab. Portland. 119. TerEBRA HeruNAHIANA, Sowerby, Geol. Trans. 2nd Ser. Ole Verbs Dis. fo 20. Loxonema » Phillips. fab. Plymouth. 120. TEREBRA NEXILIS, Sowerby, l. c. Melania arcuata. Hab. 121. TerEBRA sinuosa, Sowerby, Sil. Syst. Hab. 3 122. TrrEBRA STRIATA, Lonsdale, Geol. Tr. 2nd Ser. vol. iii. p.275. Melania , Sowerby, Min. Conch. Hab. England. The specific name is preoccupied. ? 123. TerEBRA HeppINGTONENSIS, Lonsdale, ]. c. 2nd Ser. Melania , Sowerby, Min. Conch. Hab. Weymouth. 124. TrreBRA GRACILIS, Lea, Contr. to Geology, p. 166. t. 5.f.171. Hab. Alabama: Lea. See No. 40. 125. Teresra costaTA, Lea, l. c. p. 166. t. 5. f.172. Hab. Alabama : Lea. 126. TEREBRA VENUSTA, Lea, l.c. p. 167. t. 5. £173. Hab. Alabama : Lea. 127. TrreBra PoLyGyRA, Conrad, 1834. Hab. United States. 128. TEREBRA SIMPLEX, Conrad. Hab. United States. 129. TrREBRA INVERSA, Nyst, Coq. Foss. d’Anvers, p. 34. t.5.f.49. Hab. Antwerp: Nyst. Three specimens only, in an indifferent state, of this singular little shell were known to M. Nyst. 130. Teresra Vutcant, Brongniart, Mém. du Vicentin, p. 67. Muricites costatus, Schlotheim, Petrefactenkunde, p. 146. Hab. South of France. Schlotheim’s shell has I believe the priority, and by several years, over No. 126. 131. TEREBRA CANALIS, S. Wood, Ann. Nat. Hist. vol. ix. p. 540. Hab. Gedgrave, England ; coral crag : 5. Wood. 132. TEREBRA HETEROSTROPHA, S. Wood, Ann. Nat. Hist. vol. ix. - 540. Hab. Gedgrave and Sutton, England ; red and coral crag : S. Wood. This is not unlikely to be T. inversa, Nyst. Both species are un- accompanied by descriptions. 168 Mihi ignota. 133. TEREBRA SANDWIZENSIS, ? Excludende. 134. TEREBRA VITTATA. Buccinum vittatum, Linnzus. Eburna monilis, Schumacher. Terebra buccinoidea, Blainville. Bullia vittata, Gray. Leiodomus vittata, Swainson. 135. TEREBRA GRANULOSA, Lamarck. 136. | TEREBRA SCALARINA, Lamarck. Buccinum scalarinum, Sowerby. Fusus scalarinus, Deshayes. 137. TEREBRA LINEOLATA, Sowerby, Tank. Cat. Buccinum lineolatum, Wood, Index, Suppl. B. Bellangeri, Kiener. 138. TEREBRA TAHITENSIS, Gray, Proceed. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 63. Buccinum tahitense, Gmelin. B. australe, Sowerby. 139. TereBRA poLita, Gray, Proceed. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 63. Buccinum politum, Lamarck. There still remain to notice the following species, which were re- ferred by the old authors to that section of Buccinum which is now regarded as synonymous with Terebra, but which there is much diffi- culty and doubt in referring to any shells at the present time in our collections :—Buccinum murinum, Linn. ; B. acus, Chemnitz; B. hec- ticum, Gmelin; B. bifasciatum, Petiver; B. concinnum, Gualtier: fee succinctum, Chemnitz; B. geminum, Linn.; B. proximatum, Linn. ; B. monile, Linn.; B. sinuatum, Linn.; and B. phallus, Chemnitz, is since known as Pleurotoma buccinoides. « Descriptions of new species of Shells figured in the ‘ Conchologia Iconica,’”’ by Mr. Lovell Reeve. Genus Conus. 6 Conus Desnayesi. Con. testd cylindraceo-ovatd, tenuiculd, inflata, pallide olivaceo-fulvd, profuse rubido-puncticulatd, maculis albis grandibus, perpaucis, sparsim et irregulariter nebulosd; spird depresso-pland, apice mucronato ; aperturd dehiscente, fauce, quasi -polita, nitente. Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 5. f. 28; Conus cervus, Sowerby, Conch. Illus., f. 94. Hab. Swan River. Only a few specimens of this very characteristic species, which may be readily recognised by its peculiar buff-tinted colour and light inflated growth, are at present known. It has been supposed hitherto to be the Conus cervus, but having lately examined, in the collection of M. Delessert, the identical shell described under that title by La- marck, with the description of that illustrious author attached to it 169 in his own handwriting, I am enabled to rectify an error which has unfortunately gained considerable circulation. By the title now substituted for cervus in reference to the species under consideration, I wish to honour my kind and amiable friend M. Deshayes, now zealously occupied in completing the conchologi- cal portion of the new edition of Lamarck’s ‘ Histoire des animaux sans vertébres,’ the publication of which has been long anxiously looked for. Conus vipva. Con. testd turbinatd, albd, fusco subtilissime reticu- latd, reticulis ruptis, subsparsis ; fasciis binis nigerrimo-fuscis, maculis albis sparsis, irregulariter punctatis, cinctd ; spird concavo- depressd, coronatd, apice subobtuso. Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 8. f. 45. Hab. Island of Capul, Philippines (on the reefs) ; Cuming. This curiously mottled Cone presents a very different style of painting from any hitherto described species. Several specimens were collected by Mr. Cuming. Conus pictus. Con. testd oblongo-turbinatd, tenuiculd, subventri- cosd, puniceo brunneove et albo alternatim fasciatd, fasciis inter- stitiisque fusco alboque identidem teniatis et variegatis ; spird convexo-elatd, ad marginem peculiariter strigatd, apertura subin- flatd. Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 18. f. 98. Hab. ? The painting of this pretty shell is of very peculiar character, and I know of no other species with which any comparison can well be instituted. The most characteristic of two specimens now before me exhibits three broad pale scarlet bands, the lower being orna- mented with two articulated fillets of brown and white, the middle with one only, whilst in the upper band the fillet is altogether want- ing. ‘The spaces between the bands are curiously variegated with brown (scarlet-brown), and the base and upper edge of the shell are obliquely streaked with the same colour; the latter part in such a manner as to leave a neat spiral necklace of short streaks upon the surface of the spire. In some specimens the articulated fillets are more confused, though the necklace of short streaks is still clearly defined around the edge of the spire. Conus manocant. Con. testd elongato-turbinatd, subcylindraced, basim versus sulcatd ; albidd, spadiceo profuse tinctd, teniis fre- quentibus spadiceo alboque articulatis cinctd ; spird valde elaid ; aperture fauce albd. Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 22. f. 126. Hab. Salango, West Columbia (found in sandy mud) ; Cuming. This species differs from the Conus interruptus in having the spire narrower and much more elevated’; it is always more strongly and fully stained with the dark reddish-brown, and the interior of the shell exhibits no indication of any purple. Conus InTERMEDIUS. Con. testd elongato-turbinatd, subcylindraced, 170 levi, columelid basim versus subtiliter sulcatd ; puniceo-rosed, maculis grandibus fuscescentibus reticulatis, interrupte bibalteata, interstitiis plus minusve pallide reticulatis ; spird convexo-elatd, spiraliter striatd ; apertura patente, fauce pallide violaced. Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 23. f. 129; Conus geographus, var., Bro- derip ; Sowerby, Conch. Illus., f. 33. Hab. Island of Annaa, Pacific Ocean (found on the reefs) ; Cuming. I have long suspected this shell to be distinct from the Conus geo- graphus ; it differs constantly in form, in colour, and in the general distribution of the brown reticulated painting. These differences are unimportant however compared with a character which it has in common with the Conus tulipa, namely that of having the lower por- tion delicately grooved. The base of the Conus geographus does not present the slightest indication of this grooving, nor indeed any in- equality of surface beyond the ordinary striz of growth, which pass in the contrary direction. I notice this character in the Conus inter- medius merely to show that it cannot be a variety of the Conus geo- graphus ; the grooving must not be regarded as a specific peculiarity, because, as already observed, it is common to the Conus tulipa, as well as to another closely allied species, the Conus obscurus. Conus orpitatus. Con. testd oblongo-turbinatd, tenuiculd, trans- versim liratd, liris planis, interstitiis striato-pertusis ; albidd, ustulato-fusco variegatd ; spird acuminatd, apice elato, acuto. Conch. Fe0m: Conus, pl. 27. fig. 156. Hab. I kindly hank M. Deshayes for the use of this interesting little shell, which at first sight I thought to be a young specimen of the Conus sulcatus. Conus ELoneatus. Con. testé elongato-turbinatd, levi, luteo- olivaced, superne ceruleo-albd, fascid interruptd subindistinctd deorsum cingulatd ; spiré convexd, ceruleo-albd, subtilissime co- ronatd, apice rosaceo ; basi et aperture fauce vivide violaceis. Conch. Tent, Conus, pl. 27. f. 157. Hab. I adopt the ‘Rey, Mr. Stainforth’s manuscript name for this elegant little shell, believing that it may with great propriety be regarded as a new species. Conus 1opostoma. Con. testé subelongato-turbinatd, tenui, leviter inflata ; albidé, purpureo pallidissimé tinctd, luteo-fuscescente sparsim et irregulariter punctatd et maculatd ; spird subtilissime sulcatd, apice elato, acuto; aperturd latiusculd, fauce violaceo- purpured. Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 28. f. 159. Hab. ? This shell has been supposed to have some considerable affinity with the Conus Janus; it does not however, in my opinion, exhibit any characters in common with that species, and may at once be distinguished by its tenuity, by its spotted peculiarity of painting, and by its violet-stained mouth. 171 Conus rnscriptus. Con. testd turbinatd, solidiusculd, levi, basim versus sulcatd, sulcis latis, striatis ; ceruleo-albidd, maculis gran- dibus fuscescentibus, literis Sinensibus simillimis, trifasciatim in- scriptd, interstitiis macularum minorum serie unicd cingulatis ; spird mediocri, spiraliter striata, fuscescente variegatd, apice acuto ; aperture fauce violaceo-carneolata. Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 29. f. 164 ; Conus leo scandens ? Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., vol. x. pl. 140. f. 1300. Hab. ? This appears to me to be a well-characterized species, and clearly distinct from that variety of the Conus Proteus to which it so closely approximates in the style of painting. I much question whether the figure described by Chemnitz under the title of * Leo scandens,” from an imagined resemblance of the hieroglyphical spots to the common heraldic device of the climbing lion, is not a representation of this shell, and that Lamarck, Pfeiffer, and others have somewhat erred in quoting it as the well-known similarly marked variety of C. Proteus. Conus sutsus. Con. testdé subobeso-turbinatd, solidd, superne ro- tundatd ; albd, fusco longitudinaliter strigatd, strigis irregularibus, oblique undulatis, superne et inferne diffusis ; spird brevi, apice mucronato. Var. 3. Testa omnind fusca. Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 30. f. 169. Hab. Cabenda, west coast of Africa (found at the depth of five fathoms in soft mud, washed down by the waters of the Congo) ; Hankey. Four specimens of this very interesting species were collected at the above-named locality by Lieut. Hankey. It is a very solid shell, having the appearance of a smail bulb-root. Conus apLustRE. Con. testd subobeso-turbinatd, tenui, subinflatd, levi, basim versus liraté ; rubido-fusco et ceruleo pallide et sub- irregulariter zonatd, teniis fusco-articulatis angustis numerosis subtilibus ornatd ; spird depresso-convexd, apice mucronato. Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 30. f. 170. Hab. ? This is another new species, and will be recognised as being very distinct from any hitherto described. Conus Mercatrir. Con. testd elongato-ovatd, per totam super- ficiem granulosd, granulis subtilibus, seriatim digestis ; albidd, au- rantio-fusco irregulariter inquinatd, balted albidd angustd in medio cingulatd ; spird subewsertd, aurantio-fusco maculatd, apice acu- minato. « Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 36. f. 192. Hab. ? I have much pleasure in naming this interesting species, at the desire of the Rev. Mr. Stainforth, in honour of William Metcalfe, Esq., a gentleman whose zeal for collecting and identifying the more 172 minute and less attractive species of shells is highly serviceable to science. Conus Vicroriz. Con. testd ovato-turbinatd, tenui, subinflatd, transversim striatd ; albidd, cesio longitudinaliter inquinatd, ma- culis grandibus, subsolitariis, aurantiis, fusco undulato-virgatis, trifasciatim ornatd, interstitiis aurantio-fusco subtilissime reticu- latis ; spird elevato-exsertd, apice acutissimo ; aperturd latiusculd, Sauce pallidé cesid. Var. (. Testa maculis aurantiis majoribus, trifasciatim coalescenti- bus ; strigis fuscis longitudinalibus prominentioribus. Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 37. f. 202. Hab. Mouth of the Victoria River, New Holland; H.M.S. Beagle. This highly interesting species must be seen to be appreciated, it being quite impossible to do justice either by drawing or description to its elaborate configuration. It is perhaps next allied to the Conus canonicus, but is of much lighter and more inflated growth ; the three rows of brown-striped orange blotches are peculiar to it; the net-work is finer, and of a much more delicate and tremulous character, aud the interior of the aperture, instead of being pink, is of the same greyish blue colour which characterizes the outer sur- face. I take the liberty of attaching Her Majesty’s name to this beauti- ful shell, from the circumstance of its having been lately discovered in a locality dedicated in like manner to the same fair patroness of the sciences. The two specimens here figured, recently in my possession, were collected during the late surveying expedition of H.M.S. Beagle. Mr. Cuming and the Rev. Mr. Stainforth each possess several ex- amples. Conus scatprus. Con. testd turbinatd, solidiusculd, politd, basim versus sulcatd ; albidd, filis rubidis numerosis, rariter interruptis, cinctd ; spird elevatd, spiraliter striatd, rubro variegatd, apice acuto. Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 37. f. 2038. Hab. ? This is a new and very distinct species; the transverse lines ex- hibit the appearance of scratches and are very characteristic. M. Chenu of Paris proposed describing this shell under the title of C. radiatus, but that name has been applied to another species by Gme- lin, though not acknowledged. Conus mucronatus. Con. testd acuminato-turbinatd, basim versus attenuatd, transversim sulcatd, sulcis striis longitudinalibus can- cellatis ; albidd, fusco pallidé tinctd et variegatd; spird elato- exsertd. fusco pallidé maculatd, apice mucronato, acuto. Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 37. f. 204. Hab. Islands of Burias, Siquijor, Penay, &c., Philippines ; Cuming. Several examples of this species have been collected by Mr. Cu- ming, varying remarkably in their general appearance ; most of them 173 are obsoletely coronated, and all have the grooves more or less strongly developed, with the apex remarkably sharp-pointed. Coni sulcatus and orbitatus are the nearest allied species. Conus cunzotus. Con. testd abbreviato-turbinatd, superne obesd, subinflatd ; fused, maculis albidis paucis parvis, irregularibus, subtrigonis, fasciatim aspersd, fascid albidd, fusco pallide stri- gatd, interdum subobsoleta, infra medium ornatd ; spird convexro- obtusd. Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 37. f. 205. Hab. ? This apparently variable species approximates in some degree to the Conus mercator. Conus verricutum. Con. testd cylindraceo-turbinatd, ventricosd, subrotundatd, levi, basim versus striata ; albidd, maculis aurantiis irregularibus bifasciatim cinctd, aurantio-fusco aliter latissime reticulata ; maculis lineis undulatis nunc transversim, nunc longi- tudinaliter strigatis ; spird concavo-acuminatd. Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 38. f. 208. Conus textile, var. 1, Lamarck. Hab. Ceylon, &c. Many persons will no doubt cavil at my attaching a new specific name to this long-established variety of the Conus te«tile, but how can Lamarck’s Conus vicarius stand, unless this shell be elevated to the same rank? Its inflated growth and the wide open character of the net-work are somewhat constant, and it may as well be noticed that the Conus verriculum has long been erroneously set apart by collectors for the Conus archiepiscopus, a very different shell, and one of much greater rarity. Either the Conus verriculum must be adopted, or the Conus vicarius must be rejected, and both considered as varie- ties of the Conus textile. There can be no law for the adjudication of species, whilst a species remains to be defined. If the Cont vicarius and verriculum be discarded, hundreds of species may be banished in like manner from the nomenclature, as the links in the grand chain of affinity between the Aspergillum and the Argonaut become gradually re- vealed to observation. Conus Manrrinianus. Con. testd cylindraceo-turbinatd, fused, vel luteolo-fuscd, ad basim, et per spire marginem, albidd ; levi, infra medium sulcatd, sulcis latiusculis, subdistantibus, striis prominen- tibus, cancellatis ; spird convead, spiraliter sulcatd, sulcis nume- rosis, angustis, apice elato, acuto. Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 40. f. 217. Conus teres levis, Martini, Conch. Cab., vol. ii. p. 2338. pl. 53. f. 584; Conus lacteus, var.? Lamarck. Hab. Putao, province of Albay, island of Luzon, Philippines (found under stones at low water) ; Cuming. This species has been either injudiciously confounded by Lamarck with the Conus lacteus, or it has been altogether neglected. Mar- tini has given a very accurate figure of it, but his irregular style of 174 nomenclature precludes the possibility of our following the title by which he distinguished it. The Conus spectrum is described by that author under the name of Conus eres, and this immediately follows under that of Conus teres levis; the former is however a shell of a more inflated growth, and distinguished moreover by markings of which the Conus Martinianus is entirely destitute. Most specimens exhibit a longitudinal white streak here and there, running parallel with the lines of growth. Conus incarnatus. Con. testd turbinatd, vie pyriformi, basim versus subtilissime liratd, liris numerosis, confertis ; alba, fasciis duabus latissimis, pallidé incarnatis, cinctd ; spird convexiusculd, spiraliter incisd, maculis incarnatis arcuatis pallide variegatd, apice mucronato, elato. Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 41. f. 221. Hab. Malacca (found on mud-banks) ; Cuming. Although the specimen above described is in the best state of pre- servation, I should have judged it, from its simple style of colouring, to be a shell of immature growth, were it not that Mr. Cuming col- lected several specimens of them at Malacca on the mud-banks, all exhibiting the same uniformity of external character. Conus Bericus. Con. testd turbinatd, solidiusculd, levi, basim versus granulosa ; alba, punctis maculisque grandibus, beticis, vi- vide pictd ; spird subobtuso-convexd, obsolete coronatd, spiraliter sulcatd, sulcis striato-cancellatis. Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 42. f. 226. Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. The Conicus beticus exhibits no other colour but that of the dots and blotches, which are of very dark chocolate-brown upon a white ground, Conus Eristomium. Con. testd elongato-turbinatd, rectd, tenuiculd, albd, maculis aurantio-fuscis, peculiariter fluentibus, bifasciatim cinctd, maculis albo subobsoleté transversim punctato-lineatis ; spird depressiusculd, fuscescente maculatd, Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 42. f. 227. Hab. Mauritius. This shell is of a peculiarly straight form, and reminds one very forcibly of the spigot or faucet-stop of a barrel ; the very faint white dotted transverse lines are exceedingly regular, and of quite a differ- ent character to those of the brocade species. Conus cocceus. Con. testd turbinaid, superné obesiusculd, subro- tundatd, transversim subtilissime liratd, interstitiis leviter pertusis ; albd, liris maculis parvis irregularibus, pallidé cocceis, eximieé te- niatis ; spirad obtuso-convexd. Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 42. f. 228. Hab. New Holland. Mr. Cuming possesses three specimens of this delicately marked Cone, the entire surface of which is covered with faintly articulated fillets of white and scarlet. 175 Conus Crier. Con. testa turbinatd, supern? acutanguld, tenuiculd, per totam superficiem subtilissime liratd ; albd, strigis fuscescen- tibus, longitudinaliter undatis, subirregulariter variegatd ; spird depressiusculd, leviter canaliculatd, apice elato, mucronato. Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 43. f. 229. Hab. Cape St. Thomas, Brazils (found in sandy mud at the depth of thirty-five fathoms) ; Clery. I have much pleasure in adopting the name of an intelligent French naval commander, to whom we are indebted for this, and many new and interesting species of shells. Conus prreratus. Con. testd subabbreviato-turbinatd, basim versis sulcatd ; albd, maculis fuscis parvis sparsis irregulariter ornatd ; spird convexd, spiraliter striatd, apice mucronato, elato ; aperture Fauce fuscescente tinctd. Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 43. f. 230. Hab. ? The Conus erythreensis is perhaps the nearest allied species to this, well characterized by the stained interior, and the more dotted style of the external painting. Conus Griinert. Con. testd turbinatd, superne levi, infra trans- versim sulcatd, sulcis prominentibus ; albd, maculis subquadratis rubris trifasciatim teniatd, intervallis punctis rubris minutissimis aspersis ; spird depresso-pland, spiraliter canaliculatd, basi intus ectusque nigricante-violaceo tinctd. Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 43. f. 231. Hab. Island of Java. This is a beautiful little species, very distinct from any hitherto described. At the request of Mr. Cuming I have named it after M. Griiner of Bremen, a very zealous ccllector, whom I thank most cor- dially, not only for the loan of the shell, but for setting an example which I trust continental amateurs will not fail to profit by. There is another specimen, of rather larger size, in the cabinet of Mr. J. E. Gray of the British Museum. Conus sinpon. Con. testd subventricoso-turbinatd, leviusculd ; albidd, lineis rubido-fuscis subtilissimis densissime bifasciatim de= cussatd ; spird subobtuso-convexd, apice rosaceo. Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 48. f. 233. Hab. ? This interesting shell, for the loan of which I am indebted to the zeal of Mr. Adamson of Newcastle, is very distinct from any hitherto described species. The painting viewed through an ordinary lens suggests the appearance of very fine lawn or cambric linen, and is of quite a novel character. Conus Parrus. Con. testd turbinatd, solidd, superne obesd, basim versus sulcatd, sulcis distantibus latiusculis, densissimé striato- cancellatis ; marmoreo-albd ; spird plano-converd, levi, apice mu- cronato, fuscescente. Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 43. f. 235. 176 Conus spectrum album, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., vol. x. pl. 140. f. 1804 ; Conus columba, var. c, Lamarck, Enc. Méth., pl. 331. f. 3. Hab. ? This shell, which is of a solid, shining white (like the celebrated marble of Paros), has been evidently confounded with the Conus co- lumba; it requires however no very great exercise of critical discri- mination to perceive that it differs materially both from that and the preceding species. Conus exaratus. Con. testdé turbinatd, subangustd, per totam su- perficiem sulcatd, sulcis regularibus, latiusculis, interstitiis subti- lissimé striato-cancellatis ; pallidé ceruleo-purpured, maculis fer- ruginosis albinubeculatis, perpaucis, parcis, sparsim ornatd ; spird acuminata. Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 44. f. 238. Hab. ? This is a very distinct species, remarkable for the regularity with which it is grooved. Conus ustuzatus. Con. testd subelongato-turbinatd, superne tu- midiusculd, margine rotundatd, transversim subiilissimé liratd ; pallide ustulato-rubidd, balted albidé angustd in medio cincta ; spird convead, spiraliter striatd, maculis perpaucis sparsis pur- pureo-rubris ad marginem superiorem ornatd ; apice mucronato. Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 44. f. 239. Hab. New Holland. There is no trace of any purple-red spots or other dark character on the body of the shell. Conus acutEirormis. Con. testd elongato-turbinatd, subfusiformi, undique sulcatd, sulcis subtilissimé striato-cancellatis, nunc an- gustis, liris intermediis planis latiusculis, nunc latioribus, liris intermediis rotundatis angustis ; albida, fuscescente punctatd, ma- culis fuscescentibus biseriatim cinctd ; spird acuminatd, apice elato, acuto. Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 44. f. 240. Hab, Cagayan, island of Mindanao, Philippines (dredged from sandy mud at the depth of from twenty-five to thirty fathoms) ; Cu- ming. The specimens collected by Mr. Cuming at the above-mentioned island are mostly smaller than those here figured. Conus viotaceus. Con. testa elongato-turbinatd, cylindraced, tenui, nitidd ; violaced, transversim obsolete fuscescente punctato-lineatd, Fuscescente longitudinaliter strigatd, aut sparsim maculatd ; strigis subdistantibus, lineis brevibus fuscescentibus, exiliter albiarticu- latis, ornatis ; spird rotundato-obtusd, spiraliter striata. Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 44. f. 241. Hab. Matnog, island of Luzon, Philippines (found on the reefs) ; Cuming. This is a very interesting species ; the faint dotted lines with which the entire shell is encircled are scarcely visible on the violet ground 177 without the assistance of an ordinary lens, but in passing over the longitudinal streaks of light brown they present a more decided ap- pearance. Conus tanipus. Con. testd turbinatd, leviter pyriformi, tenui, un- dique sulcatd, sulcis basalibus latioribus, profundis, alteris irregu- laribus, subtilissimis, undulatis ; albd, totd superficie striis longitu- dinalibus elevatis peculiariter sculptd; spird subobtuso-convexd, obsolete coronatd. Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 44. f. 248. Hab. ? I am not aware that the raised longitudinal striz with which this shell is so delicately sculptured are to be found in any other species of the genus. Conus ampicuus. Con. testd turbinatd, levi, basim versus liratd, lineis subtilissimis, undatis, longitudinalibus, subobsolete incisis ; alba, pallide fuscescente tinctd ; spird obtuso-convewd, leviter cana- liculatd, maculis arcuatis fuscescentibus ornatd, apice mucronato, elato. Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 44. f. 244. Hab. ? There is always a doubtful character about shells exhibiting faint indications of colour; I have not, however, succeeded in referring this to any species hitherto described. Conus LenTiIcINosus. Con. testd fusiformi-turbinatd, tenuiculd, levi, basim versus sulcatd, sulcis latiusculis, profundis ; albidd, fuscescente lentiginosd et punctatd ; spird elatd, anfractibus acut- angulis, marginibus fuscescente maculatis, maculis subdistantibus ; labro subexpanso, juxta spiram emarginato. Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 44. f. 245. Hab. ? This is an interesting and important species, of which there is a fainter specimen, of more elongated growth, in the collection of Mr. Adamson of Newcastle. Conus trocuutus. Con. testd abbreviato-turbinatd, obesd, solidd, levigatd, basim versus sulcata ; albd, aperture fauce rubido-vio- laceo tinctd ; spird obtuso-convead, levigatd. _ Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 45. f. 246. Hab. ? This species, of which there are several examples in the British Museum, all with the violet-tinged aperture, exhibits the same con- trast of colour as a very peculiar white variety of the Conus nivosus. Conus suaiLLatus. Con. testd turbinatd, solidiusculd, levigatd, basim versus subobsolete noduloso-liratd ; albidd, fasciis duabus latissimis livido-olivaceis, lineisque ewilibus fuscescente-punctatis, cinctd ; spird plano-convexd, canaliculatd, apice mucronato, elato, anfractuum marginibus subtilissime oblique nodulosis ; basi et aperture fauce violaceo tinctd. 178 Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 45. f. 247. Hab. ? This shell may probably have been confounded with the Conus lividus ; it is, however, quite distinct from that species both in the detail of the painting and in the structure of the spire. The spire is canaliculated, and very peculiarly beaded with fine oblique nodules, the canaliculated surface being of an olive-brown colour, whilst the nodules are white. Conus suturatus. Con. testd subabbreviato-turbinatd, solidiusculd, levigatd, basim versus sulcatd, sulcis latiusculis, distantibus; alba, basi pallidé rosaced; spird plano-convexd, profunde suturatd, spi- raliter liratd et striata, apice minuto, acuto. Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 45. f. 250. Hab. ? There is a very peculiar character on the spire of this shell; the sutures have an unusually decided appearance, in consequence of a small ridge which each whorl throws up at its junction with the preceding. Conus creruscutum. Con. testd turbinatd, tenuiculd, supern? levi, infra exiliter granulatd, granulis seriatim digestis, basim versus gradatim majoribus ; luteold, basi violaced ; spird conveaxd, apice mucronato, elato, anfractuum marginibus subtilissime obsolete no- dulosis. Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 45. f. 251. Hab. ——? This shell is allied in some measure to the Conus lividus ; it is, however, of much lighter growth, there is no indication of any colour in the aperture, and the spire is obsoletely very finely beaded. Conus tristis. Con. testd turbinatd, subfusiformi, levigatd, basim versus sulcatd ; albd; spird convexo-elatd, spiraliter striatd, an- fractuum marginibus subtilissime nodulosis, anfractés ultimi no- dulis obsoletis, apice mucronato. . Conch. Icon. Conus, pl. 45. f. 252. Hab. ? There is no indication of any colour in this shell; it is of rather light structure. Conus prumBEvs. Con. testd turbinatd, subpyriformi, irregulariter rugulosd et granosd, ceruleo-albd, olivaceo- aut violaceo-plumbeo fasciatd et strigata; spird convexd, nodulis subtilibus coronatd, albd, apice obtuso, rosaceo ; basi et aperture fauce vivide violaced. Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 46. f. 253. Hab. ? ; The wrinkles and irregular granules which cover the greater por- tion of this specimen may not belong to the species, which is intro- duced upon independent grounds ; namely, on account of the cross- blotched style of painting characteristically exhibited on the under side of the shell, the deep violet lining of the aperture, and the rose- tinted apex upon a neatly coronated white spire. 179 Conus Broperirir. Con. testd tenuiculd, subinflatd, transversim sulcatd, sulcis basim versus distinctioribus, subtilissime pertusis ; pallidissime incarnato-albd, maculis aurantio-fuscescentibus inter sulcos ornatd; spird planiusculd, spiraliter sulcatd, apice elato, mucronato ; basi et aperture fauce pallide incarnato-rosed. Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 46. f. 254. Hab. ? I have much pleasure in dedicating this very chaste and beautiful species to W. J. Broderip, Esq., F.R.S., a gentleman well known in the conchological world, to whose zeal the country is much indebted for this and many other valuable shells which adorn our national collection. Conus taurus. Con. testd turbinatd, tenuiculd, levigatd ; luted, punctis grandibus fuscis, trifasciatim confusis, seriatim cinctd ; spird obtuso-convead, strigis fuscis arcuatis ornatd. Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 46. f. 255. Hab. ? ‘Iam unable to connect this with any hitherto described species ; it exhibits a bright display of colour, and must be a striking shell in finer condition. Conus amutus. Con. testd turbinatd, superne tumidiusculd, levi- gatd, olivaceo-ceruled, olivaceo-fusco variegatd, teniatd, et macu- lata ; spird subobtuso-elatd, suturis rudibus ; aperture fauce oli- vaceo-fusco tinctd. Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 46. f. 256. Hab. ? This is another very richly coloured shell allied in some measure to the Conus Guinaicus, but presenting a very different style of painting. Conus Grayr. Con. testd turbinatd, superné obesd, subpyriformi, solidd, levigatd, basim versus liraté ; cesid, aut cinereo-ceruled, maculis grandibus nigricantibus, undatis, sepissime bifasciatim digestis, ornatd ; spird convexd, apice mucronato. Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 46. f. 258. Hab. ? As our national Museum is indebted to Mr. Gray for this very in- teresting new species, I have much pleasure in naming it after him. Conus minutus. Con. testd oblongo-turbinatd, pyramidali, levi- gatd; incarnatd, fasciis duabus rubidis latissimis cinctd ; spird elatd, anfractuum marginibus rubido-fusco maculatis. Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 47. f. 259. Hab. Island of St. Vincent, West Indies ; Guilding. This is the smallest species of the genus, and quite peculiar in its characters. Conus pyemzus. Con. testd subabbreviato-turbinatd, levi, inferne sulcatd, sulcis prominentibus, subdistantibus ; pallide violaceo-albd, strigis fuscis longitudinalibus, latis, undatis, punctorumque seriebus 180 transversis ornatd; spird quasi gradatim elatd, levi; aperture Sauce rubido-violaced. Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 47. f. 260. Hab. ? The dark zigzag streaks in this little shell pass over the edges of the whorls, leaving their ends visible on the spire. Conus conspersus. Con. testd turbinatd, leviter inflatd, levi, basim versus sulcatd ; pallidé luteold, maculis aurantio-fuscis variisque irregulariter conspersis, lineis capillaribus confertis, undique cinctd; spird convead, aurantio-fusco maculata. Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 47. f. 262. Hab. ? This species may be recognized by the fine hair lines with which its entire surface is ornamented. Conus arrenvatus. Con. testd gracile turbinatd, basim versus attenuata, levi ; luted vel aurantio-fuscescente, strigis albidis per- paucis latis undatis longitudinaliter ornatd ; spird depressd, acut- anguld, aurantio-fuscescente alboque tessellatd, apice acutissimo, elato. Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 47. f. 263. Hab. ? The long, slender, sugar-loaf form of this shell is rather peculiar, and it exhibits a style of painting which I do not remember to have observed in varieties of any other species. : Conus suxeus. Con. testd elongato-turbinatd, subcylindraced, levi, basim versus subtiliter liratd ; luteo-fuscescente, filis fusco-punc- tatis numerosis, confertis, cinctd ; spird elatd, anfractuum margi- nibus subtilissime nodulosis, apice mucronato. Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 47. £. 265. Hab. ? The Conus bueus is very closely allied to the Conus lignarius ; it differs chiefly in being of a more elongated or fusiform shape, whilst the spire is distinctly beaded and not canaliculated. Conus nitipus. Con. testd éurbinatd, levi, nitidd, prope basim subtilissime liratd ; aurantio-fuscescente, superne et median? exiliter albimaculatd, lineis fuscis interruptis subdistantibus undique cinctd ; spird subelatd, spiraliter striatd, apice pallidé rosaceo. Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 47. f. 266. Hab. ? The lines which encircle the entire surface of this delicate little Cone are more particularly interrupted in passing over the faint spots round the middle and upper part of the shell. The pink apex is very characteristic. Conus castus. Con. testd turbinatd, subinflatd, levi ; luted, lineis perpaucis exilibus, subtilissime nigricante-punctatis, irregulariter distantibus, cinctd ; spird levi, apice rosaceo. Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 47. f. 267. Hab. ? 181 This is another very chaste and characteristic species, allied to the Conus daucus. Conus urratus. Con, testd subabbreviato-turbinatd, liris subpro- minulis undique circumdatd ; albidd, maculis paucis aurantio-fuscis longitudinaliter confluentibus biseriatim cinctd ; spird exsertd, no- duliferd, apice pallidé rosaceo ; basi et aperture fauce vivide vio- laceo-rosed. Conch. Icon., Conus, pl. 47. f. 268. Hab. ? _ A very curious well-marked species, in excellent condition, which, I believe, is at present unique in the unrivalled Cone-collection of the Rey. F. J. Stainforth. Genus PLevRoToma. Prevrotoma pica. Pleur. testd crassd, obtuso-pyramidali, albd, maculis fuscis, paucis, grandibus, subquadratis, irregulariter va- riegatd ; anfractibus eleganter semicostatis, costis angustis, nume- rosis ; superne levibus, concavis ; sinu lato. Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 8. f. 61. Hab, Island of Capul, Philippines ; Cuming. A very solid white shell, pied here and there with dark brown blotches. : PLEUROTOMA ALABASTER. Pleur. testd turritd, intis extisque ni- ved, roseo interdum leviter tinctd, transversim subtilissimé sulcatd et striatd ; anfractibus longitudinaliter costatis, superne subde- pressis ; sinu lato. Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 8. f. 65. Hab. Island of Siquijor, Philippines (found in loose coral sand on the reefs at low water) ; Cuming. The sculpture of this shell is exceedingly delicate, the cross grooves looking as if they had been graved with an etching-point. Pievrotoma venusta. Pleur. tesid obeso-fusiformi, flavicante, Susco-maculatd ; anfractibus rotundatis, transversim multicostatis, oblique maculatis, superne depressis, maculis majoribus vivide pic- tis ; canali elongato. Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 9. f. 79. Hab. Island of Siquijor, Philippines (found in coral sand on the reefs at low water) ; Cuming. This highly interesting shell, which is at present unique in Mr. Cuming’s collection, differs materially, both in form and in the colour and character of the marking, from any of its congeners. Puevroroma EximiA. Pleur, testd gracile fusiformi, albd, anfrac- tibus convewis, costis angustis longitudinalibus, striisque transversis elevatis, eximié cancellatd ; sinu subindistincto; canali mediocri, leviter tortuoso. Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 10. f. 82. Hab. Island of Masbate, Philippines (found under stones at low water); Cuming. 182 The canal of this Muriciform species, though somewhat indistinct, fully entitles it to a place amongst the Pleurotome. PLEUROTOMA ALBIBALTEATA. leur. testdé ovato-oblongd, luted, albibalteatd, anfractibus convewis, transverse lineatis, longitudi- naliter noduloso-costatis ; labro incrassato, sinu parvo ; canali brevi, recurvo. Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 10. f. 84. Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (found in sand at the depth of six fathoms) ; Cuming. The white belt which passes round each of the whorls of this shell is of a peculiarly opaque nature. The ribs are more distant from each other in some specimens than in others, and the lower part of the last whorl is occasionally stained with dark brown. Prrvrotoma T'r1ronorpEs. Pleur. testd subovali, apice acuto, fulvd, pallide albifasciatd ; anfractibus convexis, costis longitudi- nalibus, subtilissimé nodulosis, linets transversis elevatis eximie cancellatis ; labro incrassato, sinu parvo ; canali brevi, subrecurvo. Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 10. f. 85. Hab. Bais, island of Negros, Philippines (found in coral sand at the depth of seven fathoms) ; Cuming. This shell is of a duller and more uniform colour than the prece- ding ; the last whorl is more ventricose, and the longitudinal ribs are finer and more numerous. PLEUROTOMA ABBREVIATA. Pleur. testd abbreviato-fusiformi, c@e- ruleo-albd, nigro maculatd et punctatd ; anfractibus medio angulato- carinatis, carind medio partitd, superne depressis, funiculo maximo nigro-maculato cingulatis, inferne multifuniculatis, funiculis mi- noribus nigro lineatis et punctatis ; canali vix elongato. Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 10. f. 86. Hab. Island of Masbate, Philippines (found on the reefs at low water) ; Cuming. A very interesting species, which looks at first sight like a broken portion of the P/. tigrina. A number of specimens were collected by Mr. Cuming at the above-mentioned island. PLEUROTOMA BIJUBATA. Pleur. testd cylindraceo-pyramidali, fuscd, Suscescente carinatd ; anfractibus convexis, equidistanter carinatis, carinis duabus centralibus jubatis ; aperturd brevi; canali brevis- simo. Conch. Icon, Pleurotoma, pl. 10. f. 87. Hab. Island of Burias, Philippines (found under stones at low water); Cuming. Of the two crested keels which encircle this very characteristic species, the upper one is the more faintly developed. PLEUROTOMA PLANILABRUM. Pleur. testd ovato-oblongd, apice acuto’; rubido-fuscd ; anfractibus convezis, transverse lineatis, lon- gitudinaliter costatis, costis fere obsoletis ; aperturd oblongd, labro plano, rubido, intis denticulato ; canalt brevissimo. 183 Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 10. f. 88. Hab. Sibonga, island of Zebu, Philippines (found under stones at low water) ; Cuming. The posterior extremity of the lip in this shell is acuminated to a sharp point. Pievrotoma corusca. Pleur. testdé subpyramidali, valde politd ; anfractibus superne planis, fusco alboque nebulosis, inferne leviter prominentioribus, punctis fuscis irregularibus cingulatis, anfractu ultimo punctorum seriebus duabus cingulato ; aperturd brevi ; canali brevissimo. Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 10. f. 89. Hab. Island of Capul, Philippines ; Cuming. Two specimens only of this shell were found by Mr. Cuming on the reefs at the above-mentioned island. Prrvrotoma Harrorpiana. Pleur. testd obeso-pyramidali; an- fractibus nigerrimis, in medio luteo-balteatis, convexis, transversim subtilissimé striatis, superne depressiusculis, serie unicd nodulorum ornatis, infra noduloso-costatis ; aperturd breviusculd ; sinu parvo, rotundato. Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 11. f.93. Hab. ? I have much pleasure in dedicating this species to its possessor, an intelligent conchologist, and one highly worthy of remembrance. The yellow belt which passes round the middle of each whorl has a strikingly neat appearance. Pirvrotoma Perroni. Pleur. testd fusiformi, turritd, leviusculd, pallide luted ; anfractibus planis, superné leviter angulatis, ultimo inferné coarctato, transversim lirato, liris regularibus, subdistan- tibus ; sinu subcentrali ; canali subelongato, recto. Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 11. f. 94. Murex Perron, Chemnitz, Conch., vol. x. pl. 164. f. 1578. Hab. ? This interesting shell has been confounded by Lamarck with the P. spirata, It differs from that species in being more erect and fu- siform, in the sutures of the whorls being less deeply channeled, and in the lower portion of the last whorl being crossed with about four or five narrow, well-developed ridges. Pievrotoma pLureata. Pleur. testd fusiformi, gracili, fulvd ; anfractibus convexis, pluteo superné ornatis, medio nodulis albidis catenulatis, infra subtilissime sulcatis ; sinu lato ; canali elongato. Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 12. f. 101. Hab. ? The shelf which passes round the upper portion of the whorls is not less characteristic of this species than the delicate chain of white nodules which encompass the centre. Prevrotoma mystica. Pleur. testé abbreviato-fusiformi, rubido- fused ; anfractibus superne concavis, striatis, infra angulatis, tu- 184 berculis albis, connatis, ad angulum acute carinatis ; anfractu ultimo inferne nodulorum seriebus plurimis cingulato. Conch. Icon., Plewrotoma, pl. 12. f. 107. Hab. ? Chiefly distinguished by the white turreted keel. Prevrotoma Puruipprinensis. Pleur. testdé ovato-turritd, ventri- cosd, subpellucidd, albidd ; anfractibus sex septemve, longitudina- liter costatis, costis eximiis, subcompressis, subdistantibus, nigro aut fusco alboque varie pictd; transversim liratis, liris minutis, subcontiguis, numerosis ; columelld subtortuosd ; aperturd ovatd, ampld ; canali brevissimo. Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 13. f. 109. Hab. Islands of Masbate and Luzon, Philippines (found under stones at low water) ; Cuming. It is impossible to do justice, either by figure or description, to this very delicate and beautiful species, the chief peculiarity of which is the black and opaque white irregularly-variegated blotching of the ribs. Several specimens were collected by Mr. Cuming at the above- mentioned islands, varying more or less in the number and proximity of their ribs: one or two specimens have as many as sixteen ribs on the last whorl,—twelve to fourteen is the average number. Purvroroma Rissorpes. Pleur. testd elongato-ovali, levi, nitente, semipellucidd, albicante, fulvo pallidissime nebulosé strigatd ; an- Fractibus septem, tribus longitudinaliter plicatis ; apice rubello ; columelld spiraliter tortuosd; canali brevissimo, leviter recurvo ; labro subincrassato, intiis eximie denticulato, sinu parvo, distincto. Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 18. f. 111. Hab. fs This species reminds me somewhat of the Rissva deformis ; the first whorl or two are plaited as in that shell, the surface is moreover smooth and shining, and they bear a general resemblance to each other in size. The apex of this shell is peculiar in being pink, whilst there is not the least indication of that colour in any other part. Prevrotoma Bonouensis. Pleur. testd subelongatd, tenui, sub- pellucidd, albidd, fulvo subindistincté virgatd ; anfractibus octo, transversim lineatis et liratis, striis quoque subtilissime reticulatis ; columella spiraliter tortuosd ; canali brevissimo, paululiim recurvo ; labro simplici, acuto, sinu parvo. Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 13. f. 112. Hab. Island of Bohol, Philippines (found under stones on the reefs at low water) ; Cuming. This shell, which is of a much thinner and slighter composition than either of the two preceding ones, is very finely reticulated over with strie; and it has a number of lines and ridges running trans- versely across the whorls, but none longitudinally. PLevROTOMA GRACILENTA. Pleur. testd gracillime fusiformi, fulvd, anfractibus convexis, longitudinaliter costellatis, costellis leviter nodulosis, striis elevatiusculis transversis decussatis ; labro sub- flewuoso, sinu lato ; canali breviusculo. 185 Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 14. f. 114. Hab. Loay, island of Bohol, Philippines (dredged from sandy mud at the depth of seventeen fathoms) ; Cuming. A shell of simple character, unlike any hitherto-described species, though not presenting any very striking peculiarity. Pievrotoma prssuLatTa. Pleur. testd subacuto-fusiformi, fulvd vel cinered, anfractibus leviter convexis, longitudinaliter costatis, costis subdistantibus, striis transversis subobsoletis decussatis ; labro tenui, sinu parvo ; canali breviusculo, subrecurvo. Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 14. f. 115. Hab. Bolinao, island of Luzon, Philippines (dredged from sandy mud at the depth of ten fathoms) ; Cuming. Although the ribs in this species are comparatively distant from each other, they vary considerably in this respect in different indi- viduals ; the more elongated the shell, the closer the ribs, as shown by the specimens figured. Pievrotoma conrracta. Pleur. testd elongato-ovatd, albidd ; an- Fractibus plano-convexis, superne contractis, costellis longitudina- libus numerosis, striisque transversis elevatis eximié reticulatis ; sinu lato, canali brevi. Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 14. f. 116. Hab. Cagayan, province of Misamis, island of Mindanao, Philip- pines (dredged from sandy mud at the depth of twenty-five fathoms) ; Cuming. This species may be recognized by the peculiar contraction of the whorls near the suture ; the sculpture is not much unlike that of the C. gracilenta. PLEUROTOMA CEDO-NULLI. Pleur. testd lanceolato-fusiformi, eximie turritd, apice acuto; griseo-albicante ; anfractibus in medio valde carinatis, carind compressd, pereleganter diadematd ; sinu amplo, canali longissimo. Conch. Icon., Plewrotoma, pl. 14. f. 117. Hab. Bay of Panama (found in sandy mud at the depth of ten fathoms) ; Cuming. Although this beautiful little shell has not reached its mature growth, I do not hesitate to publish it as a new species; the curious diadem of sharp flattened processes, which forms so striking a pecu- liarity, is somewhat like that of the Fusus pagodus, Lesson, figured by Kiener, pl. 5. f.2. The sinus is rather large, and the sinuated strie on the upper part of the whorls distinctly exhibit the traces of its earlier formation throughout their several volutions. PLEUROTOMA CRASSILABRUM. Pleur. testd ovato-turritd, flavicante, Susco ceruleoque varie zonatd; anfractibus convexis, superne le- vibus, infra tuberculato-costatis, costis striis transversis elevatius- culis decussatis ; aperturd brevi, subrotundatd ; canali brevi, sub- tortuoso ; labro valde incrassato, varicoso, intis acuto, sinu rotun- dato. 186 Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 14. f. 118 b & c. Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (found on the reefs) ; Cuming. Var. 3. Testa incolorata, striis transversis fere obsoletis. Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 14. f. 118 a. Hab. Island of Masbate, Philippines (dredged from sandy mud at the depth of seven fathoms) ; Cuming. The blue and brown colouring of the first variety is very conspi- cuous between the ribs. The var. (3, which is colourless, seems to have a thin epidermis upon it. Prrurotoma Hinpsu. Pleur. testd ovatd, subinflatd, albidd, fus- cescente pallide variegatd ; anfractibus costis duabus, ultimo costis quatuor, distantibus, cingulatis, costellis numerosis, compressis, eximié cancellatis ; aperturd ovatd ; canali brevi. Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 14. f. 119. Hab. Baclayon, island of Bohol, Philippines (found under stones on the reefs at low water) ; Cuming. This beautifully cancellated shell is closely allied to the P. tricos- tata; the ribs, however, are more in number and less prominent. Each whorl exhibits four transverse ribs on its formation, the two lower being concealed in all but the last whorl by the lodgement of one whorl upon the other. The cancellated spaces formed over the surface of the shell by the longitudinal ribs crossing the transverse ones seem slightly concave, and have a very characteristic appear- ance. By the above title I wish to honour and keep in remembrance the name of my liberal friend Richard Brinsley Hinds, Esq., R.N., on account of the services he is at this moment rendering to concholo- gical science by his cautious examination and description of the new shells collected by Capt. Sir Edward Belcher and himself during the late prolific expedition of H.M.S. Sulphur. PLEUROTOMA LACTEA. Fleur. testd ovato-oblongd, tenui, subinflatd, lacted, costis carinisve rotundatis striisque exilibus cinctd ; labro simplici, acuto ; sinu parvo ; aperturd ovatd, canali brevissimo. Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 15. f. 128. Hab. Bolinao, island of Luzon, and Gindulman, island of Bohol, Philippines (found under stones at low water) ; Cuming. PLEUROTOMA BREVICAUDATA. Pleur. testé abbreviato-fusiformi, solidd, luteold, apice basique fuscescentibus ; anfractibus convevis, superne unicarinatis, infra bicarinatis, anfractu ultimo multicari- nato ; labro simplici, acuto; sinu amplo ; aperturd parvd, brevi, canal breviusculo. Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 15. f. 126. Hab. Island of Ticao (found on the reefs) ; Cuming. This shell reminds one somewhat of the P. jubata, but has no in- dication of the pretty beaded crest which distinguishes that species. PiEvROTOMA bDieiTaLE. Pleur. testd obeso-oblongd, nigerrimo- Suscescente, apicem versus incoloratd ; anfractibus convevis, tuber- 187 culis albidis minutis seriatim clathratis ; aperturd breviusculd, sinu lato. Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 17. f. 138. Hab. Island of Burias, Philippines (found under stones at low water); Cuming. The sculpture of this shell reminds one of the pimpled surface of a thimble. Prrvrotoma HastuLa. Pleur. testd elongato-fusiformi, solidius- culd, albidd, fuscescente sparsim maculatd ; anfractibus liris sub- tilissimis numerosis cinctis, lird centrali lirisque superis majoribus, prominentibus ; canali gracili, fissurd profundd. Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 17. f. 1389. Hab. ? ; This species is chiefly characterized by the stout double ridge that encircles each whorl near the suture, and by the central ridge that is formed in place of the slit as the shell advances in growth. Puevroroma cuprea. Pleur. testdé acuminato-turritd, anfractibus superne depressis, fuscescentibus, liris nodulosis, subfleauosis, di- stantibus, longitudinalibus, ornatis ; aperturd brevi, sinu lato. Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 17. f. 140. Hab. ? The little dark brown flexuous ridges, passing down the whorls of a much lighter brown, have a neat and conspicuous appearance. Pievrotoma varicosa. Fleur. testd acuminato-turritd, anfracti- bus superne levibus, infra longitudinaliter costatis, costis subirre- gularibus, griseis, interstitiis griseo-ceruleis, transversim striatis, varicibus rudibus lutescentibus grandibus sparsis peculiariter no- tatis ; canali brevissimo, leviter recurvo ; sinu lato, subprofundo. Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 17. f. 141. Hab. Calapan, island of Mindoro, Philippines (found in coarse sand at the depth of fifteen fathoms) ; Cuming. Var. 3. Testa omnind fusca. Hab. Island of Corrigidor, Philippines (found in coarse sand at the depth of six fathoms) ; Cuming. This species may be easily recognized by its prominent display of varices. PrEevRoTOMA caRBoNARIA. Pleur. testd turritd, carbonarid; an- fractibus prope suturas depressis, levibus, infra costatis, costis angustis, distantibus, nodulosis ; columella callositate superné mu- nitd ; canali brevi ; sinu latissimo, profundo. Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, pl. 17. f. 145. Hab. G All the specimens I have seen of this dark Melania-like species have the apex cither decorticated or broken away, an indication of their living in brackish water. 188 Genus Pectuncu.uvs. Precruncvtus spurcus. Pect. testd subquadrato-ovali, gibbd, glauco- Suscd, longitudinaliter costatd, costis numerosis, angustis, subtilis- sime striatis ; umbonibus albicantibus, obliquis. Conch. Icon., Pectunculus, pl. 7. £. 36. Hab. Bay of San Carlos (found in coarse sand at the depth of six- teen fathoms) ; Cuming. The width of this little species from the umbones to the margin is comparatively shorter than that of any other species. PectuncuLus Prertusus. ect. testd orbiculari, alba, fusco unda- tim pictd ; radiatim costatd, costis subtilissime pertusis ; umbonibus centralibus. Conch. Icon., Pectunculus, pl. 7. f. 37. Hab. Islands of Mindanao and Luzon, Philippines (found in coarse sand at the depth of ten fathoms) ; Cuming, This interesting little species presents a marked peculiarity in the ribs being finely pricked on each side. Two or three specimens only were collected by Mr. Cuming at the above-mentioned islands. Prctruncutus ocuatus. Pect. testd sub-Pectiniformi, radiatim costatd, fusca, maculis albis, superné nigro-marginatis, sparsim et irregulariter ornatd ; umbonibus centralibus, subobliquis. Conch. Icon., Pectunculus, pl. 7. £. 38. Hab. West Indies. The ground-colour of this shell being a very dark chestnut-brown, the scattered white spots or spaces have a very prominent appear- ance. Since the specimen above described was figured, M. Deshayes has kindly lent me a specimen in which the white spaces are con- siderably larger and more characteristic; and I have also had the pleasure of examining a specimen of exceeding beauty, in the col- lection of M. Delessert, whose kindness in allowing me to have a drawing made of it was unfortunately too late to be of service. Pectruncutus canceLuatus. Pect. testd oblique Pectiniformi, striis subtilissime cancellatd ; albd, epidermide luted holosericd partim indutd ; umbonibus prominentibus, centralibus. Conch. Icon., Pectunculus, pl. 7. f. 39. Hab. Singapore (found in sandy mud at the depth of seven to ten fathoms) ; Cuming. This little shell is very thin and fragile, and perfectly white; the entire surface being delicately cancellated and covered towards the margin with a thick pale yellow epidermis. There is no possibility of confounding it with any other species. PrcruncuLus morum. Pect. testd sub-Pectiniformi, pallidé pur- pureo-rubrd, maculis rubidis elongatis sparsim et irregulariter pictd ; radiatim costatd, costis levibus ; umbonibus subcentralibus. Conch. Icon., Pectunculus, pl. 7. £. 40. Hab. Madagascar ? A very pretty species, in which the ribs radiate somewhat more 189 obliquely than usual; the general appearance of the shell is not much unlike that of the P. tessellatus ; it is however lighter and more depressed, with colour and spotting of somewhat different character. Precruncutus Sicutus. Pect. testd orbiculari, depressiusculd, sub- equilaterali, longitudinaliter sulcatd et striatd ; rubido-castaned, fusco transversim zonatd, zonis sepe obscuris ; umbonibus teste junioris interdum albimaculatis. Conch. Icon., Pectunculus, pl. 7. f. 41. Pectunculus glycimeris, Lamarck, Philippi. Testa junior. Arca bimaculata, Poli. Hab. Mediterranean, coast of Sicily. Having adopted the old P. glycimeris of British authors, I distin- guish the P. glycimeris of Lamarck by the above new title. Through some unaccountable neglect, these two very different shells have been hitherto published under the same title, and it is hoped that this present amendment will be appreciated. Precruncuius perpix. FPect. testd orbiculato-cordatd, subauritda, radiatim costatd ; costis planulatis, subindistinctis, longitudinaliter striatis, strigis rubido-fuscis, transversis, angulato-undatis, pro- Suse pictis. Conch. Icon., Pectunculus, pl. 8. f. 46. Hab. Straits of Malacca (found in mud at the depth of seventeen fathoms) ; Hinds. The form of this shell approximates very closely to that of the Pectunculus zonalis, but the painting of it is of a very different cha- racter. The beautiful specimen here figured, collected by Sir E. Bel- cher, is the only example of the species I have seen, with the excep- tion of a small, worn, odd valve in the collection of M. Deshayes. Prectuncuuus spapiceus. fect. testd orbiculari, radiatim striata, pallide spadiced, umbones versus albd, strigis latis, updatis, ornatd ; epidermide holosericd ; intus albd, margine ewiliter crenulato. Conch. Icon., Pectunculus, pl. 8. f. 47. Hab. ? There is no very striking peculiarity in this species, although it is too distinct from any other to require comparison. I have seen se- veral specimens of it, both in London and Paris, but have not suc- ceeded in obtaining its true locality. PectuncuLus rorMosus. ect. testd lenticulari, subdepressd, vel levi vel subobscure radiata, subtilissimé concentricé striatd ; luteo- lacted, maculis sparsis violaceo-purpureis, longitudineliter inqui- natis, formose pictd. Conch. Jcon., Pectunculus, pl. 8. f. 48. Hab. ? There are two or three specimens of this handsome shell at Paris, both in the collection at the Jardin des Plantes and in that of M. Delessert. 190 Pectuncuuus sericatus. Pect. testd orbiculari, Pectiniformi, de- pressiusculd, albidd, rosaceo-fusco sparsim tinctd et maculata, epidermide sericé crassd indutd ; radiatim sulcatd, sulcis subdi- stantibus ; intus albd. Conch. Icon., Pectunculus, pl. 9. f. 49. Hab. Island of Tortola, West Indies. This exceedingly delicate shell is remarkable for its glossy silken epidermis; the hinge-shelf in the interior of each valve is nearly as broad and solid as that of the Pectunculus strigilatus, and the teeth are as closely set; the shell altogether exhibits many characters in common with that species, but no indication of the peculiar manner in which it is attenuated towards the umbones. This is the only specimen I have seen at present. Precruncutus tivipus. Pect. testd orbiculari, tumidd, inequilate- rali, antice angulatd ; longitudinaliter radiatd, radiis latis, eleva- tiusculis, subtilissime striatis, rubido-fuscis, marginem versus livido- cesiis, epidermide pilosd plus minusve indutis; radiis anticis creberrimis ; umbonibus recte incurvis, maculis albidis perpaucis circumsparsis ; intus albd, medio purpureo-nigricante tinctd et maculata. Conch, Icon., Pectunculus, pl. 9. f. 51. Hab. Red Sea. The general outline of this fine species is exactly the same as that of a worn discoloured shell figured in Chenu’s ‘ Recueil de Coquilles’ in illustration of the Pectunculus undulatus of Lamarck, a species which I cannot identify ; its detail of character is however quite at variance with the description. ‘‘ The longitudinal grooves of the P. undulatus,’ says Lamarck, ‘‘ are very apparent,” whilst this shell, which is in the finest possible condition, cannot be said to be grooved at all, the elevated rays are so superficial. ‘There is also no indication of any waved spots on the body of the shell, nor of any streaks on either side of the ligamentary area ; the rays are moreover characterizedgby a particular style of grey livid painting, which is unquestionably of great specific importance. Precruncutus Dezssertit. ect. testd orbiculari, tumidiusculd, subsolidd, inequilaterali, altitudine longitudinem equante ; radiatim sulcatd, sulcis numerosis, profundis, subtilissime striatis, liris in- termediis sublilissime granuloso-corrugatis, longitudinaliter in- cisis ; albd, fasciis pluribus aurantio-brunneis transversim undatd, intervallis fusco lineato-punctatis ; intus albd, antice rubido-purpu- reo tinctd. Conch. Icon., Pectunculus, pl. 9. f. 52. Hab. ? I have named this beautiful shell, at the desire of Mr. Cuming, after the very highly-respected individual to whom he is indebted for it; though it is not without feeling some degree of compunction that the peculiarities above noted may be merely certain modified conditions of the Pectunculus assimilis. It is true that the shell is rounder and more swollen, and consequently without that angular 191 attenuation which throws the umbones into an oblique direction and contracts the ligamentary area in the P. assimilis; there are more- over nine or ten well-developed ridges in the shell under considera- tion, whilst in that under comparison there are not more than five or six, and the internal marginal denticulations are consequently narrower and more numerous. Future discoveries can alone decide whether these are constant differences or casual modifications. Genus Carpita. Carpita RADULA. Card. testé subquadrato-oblongd, allidd, de- pressd, costis tribus et viginti, rubido-fuscis, imbricato-squamosis, squamis fornicatis, semi-erectis, subacutis ; costarum interstitiis crenulatis ; margine crenato. Conch. Icon., Cardita, pl. 1. f. 2. Hab. 2 There are two or three more ribs in this shell than in the follow- ing; the dark spots are more numerous, of a reddish instead of a bluish brown, and not of that peculiar half-moon shape, and the scales are more vaulted and erect. Carpira pica. Card. testd elongato-ovatd, gibbd, alba, nigro aut fusco varie inquinatd ; costis septemdecim sedecimve, in medio angulatis, subtiliter squamosis ; intus alba, postice nigerrimo- Sused. Conch. Icon., Cardita, pl. 2. f. 8. Hab, Island of Guimaras, Philippines (found under stones at low water) ; Cuming. There is a peculiarity in the shape and blotching of this shell which entitles it to be distinguished as a new species. Several specimens were collected by Mr. Cuming at the above-mentioned island, singularly agreeing in respect to these characters. CarpiTa GuBERNACcULUM. Card. testa ovato-oblongd, depressd, anticé brevissimd, angustd, posticé latissimé rotundatd, subalatd ; brunned, luteo purpureogue umbones versus tinctd ; costis plus minusve squamosis, superioribus perpaucis, majoribus, inferiori- bus angustis numerosis ; intus brunned, anticé albicante. Var. B. Testa alba, fusco via tincta, Conch. Icon., Cardita, pl. 3. f. 9. Hab. Zanzibar. This is the nearest allied species to the C. semi-orbiculata; the dark variety might indeed be easily mistaken for it, were it not for the scales and peculiar elongation of the ventral portion of the shell. Carpita MARMOREA. Card. testd elliptico-ovatd, postice rotun- datd, anticé peculiariter brevi ; lacted, nigro wmbones versus ma- culatd ; costis quindecim sedecimve, recto-elongatiusculé radian- tibus, latescentibus ; anticis crenatis, intus eburned. Conch. Icon., Cardita, pl. 5. f. 12. Hab. New Holland. 192 This shell may be recognised by its peculiarly narrow elongated form, the ligamental area describing a complete angle with the an- terior ; the ribs do not radiate from the umbones in a curved direc- tion, as in the preceding species, but are nearly straight. CarpiTa pistorta. Card. testd elongato-ovatd, valdé gibbosd, peculiariter distortd, luteolé ; costis duodecim aut plurimis, sub- squamosis, inferioribus planiusculis. Conch. Icon., Cardita, pl. 4. f.13. Hab. Red Sea; Riippell. There are several specimens of this curious species in Mr. Cu- ming’s collection, all singularly distorted in the same manner. Carpita Senecatensis. Card, testd oblonga, elongato-ovatd, Sulvd, epidermide fusca indutd ; costis quindecim sedecimve, squa- mosis, squamis incumbentibus. Conch. Icon., Cardita, pl. 4. f. 16. Le jéson? Adanson. Hab. Senegal. This shell, which I know to have been brought from Senegal by M. Rang, approaches nearer to the figure and description of Le jéson of Adanson than any that has been hitherto assigned to it. Carpira votucris. Card. testd elongatd, posticé valde gibbosd, angulatd, anticé brevi et coarctato-acuminatd ; viridescente albidd, postice mgrd nigroque maculatd; costis septemdecim, anticis planulatis, marginem versus evanidis; posticis angulatis, hinc alline obsoleté squamosis. Conch, Icon., Cardita, pl. 4. f. 20. Hab. ? Care should be taken not to confound this species with the young of the C. pectunculus. It is a solid well-developed shell, and never exceeds an inch to an inch and a half in length. Carpira cipposa. Card. testd ovato-oblongd, solidd, gibbosd ; albd, costis septemdecim, fusco-variegatis, transversim radiantibus, rotundatis, exiliter nodulosis. Conch, Icon., Cardita, pl. 4. f. 21. Hab. ? This is a solid gibbous shell, the anterior side of which is not so short as in most of the oblong species of the genus. Carpita niT1DA. Card, testd subquadrato-ovali, eburned, maculis cesis variegatd ; costis duabus vel tribus et viginti, posticis pre- cipué crenatis, interstitiis lineis cesiis angularibus ornatis. Conch. Icon., Cardita, pl. 6. f. 27. Var. B. Testa maculis rubidis. Hab. Misamis, isle of Mindanao, Philippines (found in sandy mud at the depth of twenty-five fathoms); Cuming. This pretty shell is remarkable on account of the posterior ribs being more strongly crenated than the anterior. 193 Carpira ovatus. Card. testd ovatd, rubido-brunned, maculis albis sparsim variegatd ; costis octodecim aut novemdecim, crenatis ; posticis levigatis, interstitiis lineis angularibus ornatis ; lunuld distinctd. Conch. Icon., Cardita, pl. 6. f. 28. Var. B. Testa alba, maculis ce@siis variegata. Hab. Isle of Corrigidor, Philippines (found in coarse sand at the depth of seven fathoms); Cuming. I was at one time disposed to consider this species as merely a variety of the preceding. Upon comparison and close examination, they were, however, found to differ in several not unimportant par- ticulars; the posterior ribs of the C. ovalis are smooth, they are altogether fewer in number, the umbones are less incurved, and there is a flat indented lunule beneath them, of which I find no indication in the C. nitida. Carpita tacunosa. Card. testd subovatd, radiatim costatd, costis und vel duabus et viginti, elevatis, vald@ compressis, subtiliter muricato-squamosis ; interstitiis latiusculis, lacunato-excavatis ; albd, aredé posticali nigerrimo-fuscd. Conch. Icon., Cardita, pl. 7. f. 31. Hab. g The prickly scales which surmount the singularly compressed ribs of this shell are placed at equal distances from each other, whilst each rib is in a manner festooned from one scale to the other, like a miniature series of inverted arches. Carpira canaticutata. Card. testd suborbiculatd, luteold, fusco varié zonatd ; radiatim costatd, costis und vel duabus et viginti, lateraliter compressis, annulato-serratis, interstitiis eaxcavato- canaliculatis ; intus albidd, fusco pallide tinctd. Conch. Icon., Cardita, pl. 8. f. 40. Hab, Philippine Islands ; Cuming. The leading features of this species are its rounded form, and the peculiar manner in which the interstices between the ribs are chan- neled out. Carpira ancisutcata. Card. tesld ovatd, rubido-fusco tinctd et variegatd ; radiatim costatd, costis und vel duabus et viginti, pla- nis, latiusculis, approximatis, interstitiis angustis, profundeé in- cisis ; costis umbones versus annulato-serratis, hine illine squa- miferis, squamis erectis. Conch. Icon., Cardita, pl. 8. f. 41. Hab. 2 This species may be easily recognized by the narrow and deeply- cut interstices between the ribs, which are unusually flat towards the margin. Carpira sEMEN. Card. testd ovatd, subcompressd, tenui, radiatim costatd, costis plano-convexis ; olivaceo-fuscd. Conch. Icon., Cardita, pl. 9. f. 48. 194 Hab. Mexillones, Desert of Atacarna, Bolivia (found at the depth of three fathoms); Cuming. This minute species is the smallest of the genus; it looks like a little radiated seed. Carpira noputosa. Card. testd ovatd, solidd, radiatim costatd, costis duabus vel tribus et viginti, compressis, regulariter nodu- losis; lutescente-albd, prope marginem aurantio tinctd. Conch. Icon., Cardita, pl. 9. f. 44. Hab. Sicily ? This shell may be recognized by the compressed character of the ribs, and the very regular manner in which they are noduled. Carpita navirormis. Card. testd trapexio-ovatd, subcompressd, latere postico elongato-recto ; radiatim costatd, costis paululdm curvatis, squamosis ; fuscescente. Conch. Icon., Cardita, pl. 9. f. 45. Hab. Valparaiso, South America (dredged from sandy mud at the depth of twenty-five fathoms) ; Cuming. The shape of this little species is peculiar, though it approaches in great measure to that of the C. trapezia. Carpira compressa. Card. testd suborbiculari, solidd, valde com- pressd, epidermide olivaced indutd ; radiatim costatd, costis levi- bus, planiusculis, interstitiis angustis. Conch. Icon., Cardita, pl. 9. f. 46. Hab, Valparaiso, South America (dredged from coarse sand at the depth of from twenty to sixty fathoms); Cuming. Several specimens of this little species were found by Mr. Cuming at the great depth above-mentioned; it has the appearance of the C. borealis in miniature. CarpITA FLABELLUM. Card, testd flabelliformi, radiatim costatd, costis leviter serratis ; olivaceo-fuscd. Conch. Icon., Cardita, pl. 9. f. 47. Hab. Valparaiso, South America; Cuming. The peculiar fan-shape of this minute species distinguishes it in an eminent degree from any hitherto described. Carpita TecuLata. Card. tesid subflabelliformi, radiatim costatd, costis decem vel undecim, prominentibus, subtiliter squamulosis. Conch. Icon., Cardita, pl. 9. f. 48. Hab. Valparaiso, South America (dredged from the depth of twenty-five fathoms) ; Cuming. The sculpture of this shell reminds one of a tiled roof. Carvita Carpioiwrs. Card. testd globosd, Carduformi, radiatim costatd, costis rotundatis, regulariter nodulosis, interstitiis sub- profunde incisis; albidd vel aurantid, strigis auwrantis latis, transversis, vividé ornatd. Conch. Icon., Cardita, pl. 9. f. 49. 195 Hab. Islands of Corrigidor and Luzon, Philippines (dredged from coarse sand at the depth of seven fathoms) ; Cuming. A very pretty, round, solid species, looking more like a Cardiwm externally than a Cardita. Carvira FasuLa. Card. testd oblongo-ovatd, latere postico la- tiore, radiatim costatd, costis subangulatis ; albd, fusco sparsim maculatd ; intus albd, posticé fusco-tinctd, Conch. Icon., Cardita, pl. 9. f. 50. Hab. Island of Alboran. The locality above-mentioned is attached in manuscript to a num- ber of specimens of this little shell in the British Museum from Mr. Broderip’s celebrated collection. Genus CypricarpDIA. Cypricarpia serrata. Cypr. testd subquadrato-ovatd, subflexuoso- distortd, incrementi gradibus laminis fragilibus numerosis, ex- iliter serratis, peculiariter notatis, interstitus subtilissime radiatum . sulcatis ; pallidé rosaced, intus vivide purpured. Conch. Icon., Cypricardia, pl. 1. f. 5. Hab. 4 No figure nor description can do justice to this beautiful shell, so remarkable on account of the delicacy of the pink serrated lamine. Cypricarpia pecussata. Cypr. testd elongato-ovatd, regulariter convead, tenui, albd, semipellucidd, striis exilibus, undulatis, ele- vatis, obliqué decussatis, ornatd. Conch. Icon., Cypricardia, pl. 1. f. 6. Hab. 2 This is evidently one of the terebrating species, belonging to that section of the genus which De Blainville distinguishes by the new generic title of Coralliophaga. The term decussated is here used in its strictest and proper sense, signifying oblique crossing, as in the letter X. CypricarpIA VELLICATA. Cypr. testd oblongo-ovatd, compressd, prope marginem ventralem anticam peculiariter vellicatd; albd, latere postico purpureo-fusco plus minusve vividé radiato ; umbo- nibus purpureo-fuscis. Conch. Icon., Cypricardia, pl. 2. f. 7. Hab. Calbyog, island of Samar, Philippines (found on soft slaty stones at low water); Cuming. This interesting species, which has been found in great abundance by Mr. Cuming at the above locality, is distinguished not only by the purple-brown streaks which are more or less strongly depicted on the posterior side of the shell, but by the peculiar manner in which it is pinched, as it were, near the anterior ventral margin. CypricarpIA INCARNATA. Cypr. testd oblongo-ovatd, tenui, plano- convexd, liris planis subtilissimis numerosis ab umbonibus undu- latim divergentibus, eximié notald ; albidd, postice incarnald, 196 Conch. Icon., Cypricardia, pl. 2. f. 8. fab. Island of Burias, Philippines (found under a stone at low water); Cuming. The surpassing delicacy of the ridges is exceedingly characteristic in this species ; instead of looking raised upon the surface, they have all the appearance of undulating rays of light. CypricarDIA Laminata. Cypr. testd trapezio-oblongd, tenui, albd, latere pustico valde latiore, rotundato, compresso, laminis duabus vel tribus elenatis subdistantibus fimbriato. Conch. Icon., Cypricardia, pl. 2. f. 9. Hab. Lord Hood's Island, Pacific Ovean (found at the depth of five fathoms piercing, and partially imbedded in, the Avicula mar- garitifera) ; Cuming. This peculiarly shaped shell exhibits the same kind of delicate marginal frill of Jamina as the well-known Cypricardia corallio- phaga, and belongs to a mollusk of the same terebrating habits. The shells of terebrating mollusks vary so exceedingly in form, accord- ing to circumstances of situation, &c., that were the C. laminala not entirely destitute of the fine radiating striaz which characterise the C. coralliophaga, it might be regarded as a modification of that species. Cypricarpia opesa. Cypr, lestd subquadrato-ovatd, valdé gibbosd, tunudd, latere postico suboblique angulato ; longitudinaliter stri- ald, striis profunde incisis ; lutescente-albd. Conch. Icon., Cypricardia, pl. 2. f. 10. Hab. This remarkable shell may be easily recognized by its stout swollen formation ; it differs materially in this respect from its near- est allied species the C. Guinaica, as well as in the absence of any nodulous divergent striz. ‘The ridges between the longitudinal striz in these species are singularly opposite: in the Cypricardia obesa they are sharp and parallel to each other; in the Cypricardia Guinaica they are rounded and irregularly waved. Ditferences in regard to colour are also conspicuous, for the shell under consider- ation exhibits no indication of pink in the interior, but 2 kind of a burnt reddish-yellow tinge around the posterior muscular cicatrix. Cypricarpia Sorenowes. Cypr. testd angustatd, Soleniformi, latere postico plano-angulato ; albd, posticé purpurco-fusco obso- leté radiatd ; umbonibus purpureo-fuscis ; intus albd, ad extremi- tatem posticam purpureo-violaceo tinctd, Conch, Icon., Cypricardia, pl. 2. f. 11. Hab. Calbayog, island of Samar, Philippines (found piercing soft slaty rocks ; low water); Cuming. The Cypricardia Solenoides, though approximating greatly in form to the Cypricardia coralliophaga, differs materially in structure and composition ; the two species indeed exhibit all the differences upon which De Blainville founded his genus Coralliophaga. Instead of 197 presenting that pellucid tenuity which seems peculiar to the tere- brating species, it is of the same solid opake structure as the Cypri- cardia vellicata, the umbones have the same purplish-brown patch upon them, and there is an evident indication of the same posterior streaks of that colour. “ Descriptions of new species of Navicella, Neritina, Nerita, and Natica, in the cabinet of H. Cuming, Esq.,” by C. A. Récluz. 1°. Genre NavicEecta, Lamarck, 1. Navicerta Cooxu. Nav. testd ellipticd, antice angustald, convead, tenuiusculd, transversim crebré striatd, subepidermide olivaceo-lutescente, superne carned, lineolis transversis creberrimis lineas latiusculas efformantibus reticulatd ; interstitiis maculis oblongo-acutis lutescentibus, superioribus interdum latioribus pictd ; apice submarginali, integerrimo ; aperturd c@erulescente, ints croced ; labio luteo-fuscescente. Var. 3. Testd carneo-violacescente, fasciis nigris radiantibus, basi ac lateraliter ramosis, lineis transversis nullis ; aperturd intuis croceo maculgtd ; maculd nigro late marginatd. Hab. “ \sland of Johanna, one of the estas islands ; found in a small stream by the Rev. W. V. Hennah.” H. Cuming. Dimensions.—Long. 214 a 25 mill.; larg. 10 a 19 mill. ; convex. 82 a 105 mill. "Cette Navicelle est trés rapprochée de la Nav. La Perousei (Ré- cluz) et nous l’aurions confondue volontiers avec elle si son opercule, tout a fait différent, ne nous avait fait rechercher avec plus d’assiduité des caractéres exclusifs entre les coquilles. La Nav. de Cook a le test plus mince, nullement corrodé en dessus, bien que privée d’épi- derme dans cette partie de la coquille qui a voisine le soumet ; les stries sont mieux marquées ; son cété antérieur rétrécé et comme comprimé de part et d’autre; son intérieur est privé du reflet cuivré dont l'autre est pourvu. Enfin son opercule, presque de méme forme que celui de la Nav. de La Pérouse, est noiratre et non blanch- atre, plus profondément échancré au cété antérieur. La cété ou apophyse dentaire droite et plate en dessus est coupée droitement a sa terminaison ; tandis qu’elle est amincée, presque aigué a sa marge supérieure, comme le tranchant d un couteau, dans son étendue et un peu tuberculeuse a sa base. La marge externe du cédté de lapophyse est rayonnie de stries fines et a bord entier, et non pro- fondément striée ni crénelée a |’extérieur. Son impression muscu- laire représente une figure carré-long, une fois plus large que longue, de couleur noire, et est marquée de stries longitudinales légéres ondées et rapprochées. Sur l’opercule de la Nav. de La Pérouse cette impression est exactement carrée, a angles arrondis, et est trés finement sculptée de stries presque droites. La face supérieure de Ja premiére a des stries fines et rayonnantes, du soumet a la nais- sance de l’apophyse, avec un angle rentrant et un autre angle sor- tant a cote de celui-ci, qui divisent 'opercule en deux parties. 198 C’est au célébre et intrépide marin d’Angleterre Cook, que nous fesons hommage du nom de cette intéressante Navicelle. 2, NAVICELLA LINEATA, Lamarck. Var. y. Testa lincolis transversis tenuissimis, undulatis, creberrimis, olivaceis, et maculis oblongis ac linearibus, lutescentibus pictd ; apice fere marginali, subviolacco, supra albido, levissime bi- radiato, Hab. “ Ganges, Bengal.” H. Cuming. Long. 194 mill. ; larg. 12 mill. ; convex. 6 mill. If°. Genre Nerita, Linné. Sect. A. Labru intis integerrimo ; labio superné nec emarginato. Gen. Neritina, Lamarck, Férussac, &c. 1. Nerira Siquiyorensis. Ner. testd ovato-transversd, postice angustatd, dorso-convecd, superné planulatd, solidd, longitudi- naliter tenuiter et crebré striatd, spadiceo-reticulatd, interstitiis maculis oblongis, anticé acutis, albidis seu lutescentibus pictd ; anfractibus 15; apice retuso ; aperturd extis ovatd, intis lutes- cente; labio plano, margine et in medio vix Urcuato et tenuiter crenato ; labro subcontinuo, lateralibus rectiusculo. Var. 6. Testd spadiceo-reticulald, fasciis albidis 2-3 cinctd ; labio externe fuscescente tincto. Hab. “ Isle of Siquijor, in a small stream.” H. Cuming. Long. 7 474 mill. ; larg. 10 4 11 mill.; convex. 6 mill. Nérite voisine de la Nerita violacea, Gmelin (Ner. crepidularia, Lamarck), mais distincte par sa forme, sa coloration et sa spire ré- tuse. Opercule plane, blanc-jaunatre, bicaréné en dessous ; 2 carénes aigués postérieurement. Il est muni de deux dents: la supérieure courte, un peu relevée; l’inférieure transversale, lamelleuse, saillante, et aigué postérieurement. 2. Nerira arricana. er. testa ovato-conoided, subepidermide nigrescente strigis nigris longitudinalibus creberrimis et maculis oblongis vel ovatis transversis, luteis, antic? aculis et nigro mar- ginatis, subregularibus, undique pictd; anfractibus tribus sub- conicis ; infimo superné rugis rarts notato ; spird vix prominuld, apice crosd ; aperturd obliqud, extis semi-oblongd, intits albido- cmerascente ; labio convexiusculo superne calloso, antice plano, rectiusculo et levissime crenato. Var. a. Anfractu infimo depresso ; labro superne vix fornicato et antrorsim productiusculo ; labio posticé lutescente. Var. 6. Anfractu infimo dorso convexo ; labio posticé aurantio. Hab. “ Island of Fernando Po, west coast of Africa; found in a small stream by Capt. Downs, R.N.” H. Cuming. Long. 17 a 19 mill.; larg. 19 4 20 mill. ; convex. 131 415 mill. Elle a beaucoup de rapports avec le Neritina afra, Sowerby, Conch. Illustr. fig. 13, mais en différe par sa columelle non échan- erée a Ja marge. Elle a aussi des rapports avec certaines variétés de 199 la Nerit. Brasiliana, Récluz (Nerita virginea, Lamarck, non Linné). Sa forme ovale-conique, ses rugosités obliques et les crénelures marginales de Ja Jévre interne plus petites et égales la séparent nette- ment de celle du Brésil. 3. Nertra (Critnon) Da Costa. Ner. testd subglobosd, supra medium vix angulosd, muticd, olivaced, maculis triangularibus albidis, antice acuté nigris pictd et fasciis pallidissime interdum obsoletis cinctd ; anfractibus quaternis plano-declivis ; spird sub- conicd, apice erosd ; aperturd subrotundd, intis albd et pallide c@rulescente 3-4 fasciatd ; labio compresso, angusto, valde de- clivi, superné transversim calloso, margine crenato et in medio tenuiter arcuato ; labro inferné dilatato, superne subfornicato. Hab. “Isle of Negr os, in a mountain-stream.” H. Cuming. Long. 14 mill. ; larg. 172 mill. ; convex. 123 mill. 4. Nerita Leacuu, Récluz in Guérin, Rev. Cuvier. 1841, p. 312. no. 33. Var. 3. Testd subglobosd, pallidé fusca, luteo-bifasciatd. Var. y.? Testd subglobosd, nigerrimd, maculis punctiformibus vir triangularibus obsitd, nec fasciatd. An var. Nerite guttata, Récluz in Rev. Cuv. 1841, p.316. no. 40? Var. 6.? Testd semiglobosd, tenuiore, striis longitudinalibus regu- laribus creberrimis, transversis, tenuissimis, nigerrimd, maculis sparsis, raris, et fasciis angustis binis, lutescentibus, maculis par- vulis triangularibus pallidioribus confertis picta. Hab. “Isle of Bohol; found in a small stream.” H. Cuming. Notre Nerita guttata est ovale, d’un beau noir et finement ponctué de blanc-lacté ; son second tour est légérement anguleux pris de la suture ; son ouverture est plus étroite, et les dents de la marge de la columelle sont plus fines; enfin elle vit & Triton bay. N’ayant pu nous procurer qu’un seul individu de notre espéce, il nous est difficile de la confondre avec la var. (3. de la Nerita Leachii bien qu'elle ait des grands rapports avec elle ; nous n’eu connaissons pas, d’ailleurs, les opercules. 5. Nerita Sayana. er. testa ventricoso-ovatd, longitudinaliter substriatd, tenuiusculd, nitiduld, nigratd, maculis fuscis seu lutes- centibus, diversiformibus, variegatd aut fuscd et nigrescenie nebu- lata ; anfractibus duobus ; primo partim deroso, infimo superne depresso ; aperturd subrotundd, intis albd ; labio calloso, plano, declivi, margine recto, in medio tenuissimé crenato. Hab. ‘Island of Guimaras, Philippines; in small streams.” H. Cuming. Long. 14 4 18 mill. ; larg. 16 4 21 mill.; convex. 12 4 15 mill. Nous dédions cette Nérite a feu Mr. Say, auteur de VAmerican Conchology. 6. Nerita (CiitHon) suspunctata. er. testd semiglobosd, oli- vaceo-fuscd, tenuiter rugatd ; rugis punctis nigrescentibus seriatis notatis, subepidermide albd, nigro reticulatd ; anfractu unico, supra 200 medium anguloso ; apice perforato ; aperturd extis subrotundd, in- tus albo-cinerascente; labio semilunari, plano, superneé calloso, margine in medio tenuiter arcuato et crenulato; dente cardinali majore, truncato. Hab. ‘‘ Sinait, province of North Ilocos, isle of Luzon; in a small mountain-stream.” H. Cuming. Long. 11 mill.; larg. 13 mill. ; convex. 8 mill. Cette Nérite n’est peut-étre qu’une variété locale de notre Nerita bicolor, cependaut elle est toujours cinq a six fois plus petite, moins solide, 4 stries constamment poncturés de noir par séries longitudi- nales plus ou moins distinctes, formée d'un seul tour de spire dont langle est plus étroit. ‘Son soumet n’est point corrodé, mais muni d’un trou étroit et profond. Sect. B. Labro intis sepiis sulcato ; labio superné emarginato. 7. Nenrra Grayana. WNer. testd ovato-globosd, dorso-oblique conoided, transversim sulcatd ; sulcis costis latioribus, striis longi- tudinalibus creberrimis sculptd; anfractibus sordide nigro-vio- laceis, obsolete albo maculatis ; spird prominuld, conico-depressd, acutd ; apertura pallide fuscescente ; labio planulato, margine tridentato, supra rugis confertis valde impresso ; labro intis regu- lariter sulcato, superne unidentato. Hab. ‘‘ Port Curimao, province of North Ilocos, isle of Luzon; on the rocks at low water.” H. Cuming. Long. 21-25 mill.; larg. 30 mill.; convex. 21 mill. Ouverture extér.: long. 22 mill.; larg. 20 4 21 mill. Spire, haut. 9 mill. Nous dédions cette belle Nérite au savant zoologiste Gray. 8. Nerira Panayensis. Ner. testd parvd, ovato-conicd, aurantid, transversim sulcatd, longitudinaliter crebré striatd ; costis subter lente subgranosis ; spird conico-acutd ; labio plano, lacteo, dentibus tribus remotis instructo; labro margine crenato, intis calloso, lacteo, plané levissimo. Var. 3. Testd ventricoso-globosd, spird vie exsertd, minimd, labio basi ruguloso et margine crenulis plurimis notato. Hab. “ llo-Ilo, province of Panay; under stones at low water.” H. Cuming. Long. 134 mill., var. 12; larg. 15 mill., var. 143; convex. 10, var. 10 mill. Ouverture: long. 11 mill., var. 12; larg. 104, var. 10 mill. Spire: haut. 4 mill., var. 23 mill. Le type a des rapports de forme avec la Nev. aurantia (Récluz) et la variété avec quelques variétés de la Nerita Rumphii (Récluz) ; Vopercule, qui nous est inconnu, pourrait probablement trancher la question. 9. Nerita Breanrana. Ner. testd ovatd, postice angustatd, trans- versim crebre et tenuiter sulcatd, nigrd sive olivaceo-nigricante, Sfasciis croceis cinctd; spird obtusd, decorticatd ; aperturd albd, fauce luted; labio compresso-plano, luteo-fuscescente, granulis nigris signato, margine levissimé arcuatim excavato, subedentulo ; labro intis striis tenuissimis elongatis, nigris instructo. 201 Var. (3. Testd olivaceo-nigricante, lineis nigris et lutescentibus, equi- distantibus fasciatd ; labio supra rugoso, medio nigro granuloso, labro intis leviter incrasso et levissimo. Var. y. Testa costis subnullis, striis longitudinalibus creberrimis, ob- soletisque. Operculum nigrescens, minime granulatum, subtis carneo-lutescente, fasciis tribus griseis pictum, costuld pland, obsoletd, antice margi- natum. Dente apicali brevi, truncato, infimo transverso, arcuato, plano, postic? dilatato, truncato, superficie substriatd. Hab. “Isle of Corregidor, bay of Manila; under stones at low water.” H. Cuming. Long. 148 16 mill., var. 125 & 13 mill.; larg. 17 @ 21 mill., var. 16 & 164 mill.; convex. 10 4 125 mill., var. 9-10 mill. Ouverture extér.: long. 123.4 14 mill., var. 122 413 mill. ; larg. 125 2 133 mill., var. 12 mill. Nous donnons a cette belle Nérite le nom de Mr. Bean, savant. conchyliologue de Scarborough. 10. Neriva Hinpsir. Wer. testd semiglobosd, solidd, cinered sive albidd, nigro obscure articulatd, transversim laviter sulcatd, striis longitudinalibus undulatis sulcis interdum decussantibus insculpta ; spird parvd, convero-depressd, vie exsertd ; aperturd diluté stra- _ mined ; labio angusto, compresso-subconcavo, rugoso et granuloso, margine in medio 2—4-denticulato ; labro intis valde calloso et longé sulcato. Operculum pallidé cinereo-fuscescens, granulosum, obsolet® biangulosum, albido-viridescens, antice angulum planissi- mum circumdatum. Dente apicali plano, superne leviter incras- sato, brevi, truncato, basi maculd fuscd notatd ; infimo arcuato, substriato, postice pariim dilatato, truncato. Hab. <‘Tlo-Ilo, isle of Panay; under stones at low water.” H. Cuming. Long. 15-17 mill.; larg. 195-20 mill.; convex. 123-134 mill. ; Ouverture: long. 15-153 mill.; larg. 13-14 mill. Spire, haut. 6-7 mill. 11. Nerrra SpencierrAna. er. testd orbiculato-conicd, trans- versim levissime sulcatd; sulcis basi obsoletis, albidd, nigro- zonatd ; spird conico-acutd, lutescente, nigro-punctatd, sulcis pro- fundioribus ; labio albo, levigato, margine subbidentato ; labro ints incrassato, levissimo. Operculum pallidé fuscum, tenuissime granulosum, subtis pallidé rufum. Dente apicali obsoleto, infimo ar- cuato, transversim substriato, postice superficie dilatatd et truncatd. Hab. “Tlo-Ilo, isle of Panay; under stones at low water.” H. Cuming. Long. 16 mill. ; larg. 18 mill.; convex. 12 mill. Ouverture eat. : long. 14 mill. ; larg. 12 mill. Spire, haut. 5 mill. 12. Nerrra Rumrut, Récluz, Rev. Cuvier. 1841, p. 147. no. 10. Var. 1. Récluz, loco citato, Nerita polita oceani australis, Chem- nitz, Conch. v. p. 321. tab. 193. f. 2013 et 2014. ; Hab: “Trenate, Molucca Islands; under stones at low water.” H. Cuming. Fauce nitidissimé rubro-sanguinea. 202 Var. 2. Testd striis transversis nullis, fasciis viridescentibus imma- culatis, alternis albis sive pallidé rufescentibus, nigro articulatis ; aperturd sanguined ; labio bidentato ; labro intis crebré sulcato. Chemnitz, Conch. v. p. 319. pl. 193. f. 2010. “Tsland of Trenate, Molucca Islands; on the reefs.” Operculum Nerite Rumphii. Forma Ner. Orbignyane accedens, sed diversa. Var. 3. Testd albd maculis nigris latis seriatis unifasciatd. “Isle of Ticao; under stones at low water.” Var. 4. Testd albido-lutescente, nigro late unifasciatd. “Isle of Ticao, &c.” Var. 5. Testd nigrescente, ravido-fasciatd. “Isle of Masbate; under stones at low water.” Var. 6. Testd nigrd, albo anguste trifasciatd. “Isle of Corregidor, off Manila; under stones.” Var. 7. Testd olivaced, nigro-varid, in medio albo-unifasciatd fascid lineis angustis olivaceis articulatd. ‘« Tsle of Masbate; under stones.” Var. 8. Testa lutescente, caruleo-undatd, fasciis tribus & maculis rubris articulatis. «« St. Nicolas, island of Zebu; under stones.”’ Var. 9. Testa nigrd, venis albis et maculis concoloribus pictd. “Trenate, Molucca Islands; under stones.” Var. 10. Testd rufescente aut cinered, maculis nigris hastatis trans- versis pictd. An Chemnitz, v. p. 320. pl. 193. f. 2011? Nerita pennata, Des- hayes in Lamarck, ed. alt. t. viii. p. 613. no. 23+. (vidi in collectione ejus) non Born, Nerita pennata. (Hexc est Ner. piperina, Chemnitz, Conch. xi. p. 73. tab. 197. f.1905, 1906; Lister, Conch. Synops. pl. 604. f. 29; Neritina piperata, Sow. Conch. Illust. f. 18.) Port of Curimao, province of North Ilocos, isle of Luzon; under stones.” Var.11. Testd rufescente aut albidi, roseo-trifasciatd et maculis viridibus parvis seu nebulis varid. ‘*Tsle of Masbate; under stones.”’ Var. 12. Testd violaced, albo angusté trifasciatd. “Isle of Corregidor, &c.” Var. 13. Testd luteo-rufescente, albo-trifusciatd ; fasciis nigro sive viridescente articulatis. «Isle of Burias ; under stones.” Var. 14. Testd fusco-nigrescente pallidd, fasciis tribus nigris, et maculis albis sparsis pictd. ‘Isle of Siquijor, under stones; and port of Curimao, province of North Ilocos, isle of Luzon.” Var. 15. Testd luteo-rufescente, maculis albis transversis parvulis pictd, nigrescente obsolete trifasciatd. ««Trenate, Molucca Islands.” 203 Var. 16. Testd nigro, ravido et albido-fuscescente fasciatd. «Isle of Siquijor, &c.” Var. 17. Testd tenui, striis cancellatd, fusco-rufescente, interdum maculis nigris parvulis hastatis pictd ; labio planissimo antic? valde denticulato. «Isle of Siquijor, &c.” Var. 18. Testd albd, rufescente fulguratd sive roseo-trifasciatd. «St. Nicolas, isle of Zebu, &c.” Var. 19. Testd lutescente, fasciis viridescentibus zonisque albis nigro- maculatis marginatis. <‘Isle of Ticao; under stones.” Var. 20. Testa albo-vinosd, nigro late bifasciatd et in interstitiis interdum viridescente zonatd. “Isle of Corregidor, bay of Manila.” Var. 21. Testd albd aut fuscescente, venis nigris longitudinalibus pictd et albo unifasciatd. «Isle of Corregidor, &c.” Var. 22. Testd sordid? vinosd seu fusco-violaced, fasciis tribus albis cinereo articulatis seu nebulosis. “Isle of Burias.” Var. 23. Testa purpureo-nigrescente, fuscescente nigro-punctatd sive albo-bifasciatd ; fusciis cinereo nebulosis. ‘* Port of Curimao, province of North Ilocos, isle of Luzon.” Var. 24. Testd albido-lutescente, nigro anguste bifasciatd. “Isle of Corregidor.” Var. 25. Testd virescente, albo anguste trifasciatd. “Isle of Corregidor.” Var. 26. Testd cancellatd, totd nigrd. “Isle of Corregidor.” Var. 27. Testd fusco-nigricante, maculis nigris transversis inten- sioribus pictd. «From Pasacos, isle of Luzon.” Var. 28. Testd grised, maculis albis obsoleté tessellatd. “Isle of Ticao.” Var. 29. Testé pallid? fusco-rubelld trifasciatd, venis albis lineatd, interstitiis albo angust? marginatis ; fascid albd spiram decurrente. «St. Estevan, province of South Ilocos, isle of Luzon.” Var. 30. Testd dilute chocolatd, albido-fasciatd. «Isle of Burias.” Var. 31. Testd luteo-castaned, albo angusté trifasciatd, transversim regulariter sulcatd, seu levissime ad spiram tantum spiraliter cin- gulatd. «Isle of Corregidor.” Var. 32. Testd omnind aurantid. « Jimmamaylan, isle of Negros.” Obs.—Il est impossible de distinguer des espéces parmis ces nom- 204 breuses variétés dont nous n’avons pas mémé €puisé Ja quantité. Les plus riches en couleur vivent dans les mers des Philippines ; celles de l’océanie sont moins variées et agréables 4 la vue, on doit donc savoir gré a Mr. H. Cuming de nous les avoir fait connaitre avec les localités particuliéres dans lesquelles on les trouve. Quoique l’oper- cule de cette espéce ressemble assez a celui de la Nérite polie (qui a pour type la var. gris-verdatre trifasciée de rose, figurée par Chemnitz, le type de Linné étant une variété trés rare), sa coloration différe et sa bandelette marginale est toujours plus étroite. Du reste la Nerita Rumphii est toujours plus petite, sillonnée de stries, et souvent treil- lisée en tout ou en partie. III°. Gen. Narica, Adanson. A. Umbilicum funiculatum. Obs.—Funiculus. Columna callosa auctorum, columella adherens et in umbilico spiraliter contorta, apice plus mintsve dilatato, trun- cato, rarils convexo aut rotundato. * Testa subglobosa ; operculum testaceum. Gen. Nacca, Risso. 1. Natica prcra. Nat. testd ventricoso-globosd, tenuiusculd, levi- gatd luteo-rufescente, albo anguste 3-4 fasciatd: fasciis remotis maculis spadiceis sagittatis articulatis, superd ad suturam spadiceo- marginatd ; spird convexo-conicd, apice spadiced; aperturd intis Sulvd ; columelld rectd, basim versus concaviusculd, superne breviter reflezd ; umbilico coarctato, quadrato ; canali arcuato, extiis zond albd maculis spadiceis undulatis radiato ; funiculo crasso canalem angustante. Hab. ‘‘ Basey, island of Samar, Philippines ; found on the reefs.”’ H. Cuming. Long. 26 mill.; Jarg. 274 mill.; convex, 21 mill. Ouverture: long. 205 mill.; larg. 134 mill. Testa fundo pallide chocolato, fascid supremd rard maculis supremis majoribus et intensioribus ; anfractibus quinis, convexis, superne depressiusculis. 2. Narica ruzona. Nat. testd ventricoso-globosd, tenui, albd, lineolis creberrimis longitudinalibus luteo-spadiceis et fasciis tribus é maculis sagittiformibus concoloribus, in supremd angulatis pictd ; spird convexo-acutd ; aperturd albidd, basi et exrtern® subacutd ; labio rectiusculo, superneé breviter reflexo et tenuissimo ; umbilico rotundato extis zond albd maculis spadiceis circumdato ; funiculo angusto, superne interdum rotundato et dilatato cavitates angus- tante ; labro fragili. Operculum testaceum, tenue, lineolis elevatis 2-8 antice cinctum. An Nat. zebra, var.? Hab. ‘With Natica zebra from Cagayan, province of Misamis, island of Mindanao; found in sandy mud at twenty-five fathoms: and with Natica areolata from the isle of Capul, Philippines ; on the reefs.” H. Cuming. Long. 144 mill.; larg. 16 mill.; convex, 114 mill. 205 3. Nartica oRIENTALIS, Gmelin. Var. y. Testd rufd, suturd anguste canaliculatd, albd. Var. 6. Testd subepidermide fuscescente albidd, suturd canaliculatd, epidermide fusco creberrimé striatd. Var. e.? Testd minor, subepidermide pallid’ Fusco-albd, zonis binis @ maculis elongato-quadratis spadiceis seriatim pictd ; suturd pro- Sunda, epidermide fusco creberrime striatd ; aperturd basi minus auctd et acutd ; funiculo coarctato. Hab. “ Singapore ; found in sandy mud.” H. Cuming. Var. e. Long. 24 mill.; larg. 234 mill.; convex. 19 mill. Ouver- ture: long. 19 mill. ; larg. 12 mill. Opercule inconnu, mais comme la columelle est marquée de la rainure operculaire, il doit étre par conséquent de nature testacé et solide, selon nos propres observations. Cette variété, dont je n’ai vii qu’un individu me paraitrait devoir constituer une espéce distincte, lorsqu’on pourra en étudier quelques autres échantillons. 4. Natica Broperipiana. Nat. testd globoso-ovatd, solidiusculd, luted seu pallide fuscd, zonis albis spadiceo maculatis cinetd, lon- gitudinaliter tenuiter sulcatd: sulcis superné et inferne profun- dioribus ; spird conico-acutd, apice fusco-spadiced ; suturd fasciold albo marginatd ; aperturd basi et externe angulosd ; columelld in medio arcuatim concavd, superne et inferné incrassatd ; umbilico dilatato, profundo, zond albd, levigatd circumdato ; canali umbilico lineari ; funiculo crasso, largo, depresso. Testa anfractibus 5-6 convexis, subcostatis. Macule fasciarum nunc quadrate, nunc transversim oblonge seu arcuate ; fascia mediane macule biseriate, infime parvule. Labrum solidum. Operculum testaceum, antice striis tribus aratum, in medio costd arcuata valdé exsertd sculptatum ; apice puncto calloso notato ; postice inferne ad marginem crebré rugoso seu crenulato et in medio ventri- coso. Hab. “ Xipixapi, West Colombia; sandy mud, sixteen fathoms.” H. Cuming. Long. 254 mill.; larg. 234 mill.; convex. 18 mill, Ouverture : long. 22 mill. ; larg. 105 mill. 5. Natica Exenax. Nat. testd ventricoso-globosd, postice angustatd, tenui, longitudinaliter strits cequidistantibus superne et inferne profundioribus, striolis transversis creberrimis subcancellatis sculpid ; albido-stramined, lineolis crebris undulatis longitudina- libus ; pictd ; anfractu infimo superne planulato ; spird convexo- conicd, subacutd ; aperturd basi subangulosd, superne rotundatd ; labio subrecto, in medio subarcuato, superné calloso ; umbilico dilatato, profundo, spirali; canali lineari ; funiculo lato, superne crasso et oblique truncato ; labro fragili. Var. 3.? Testd minori, ventricoso-ovatd, anfractibus senis, supern® planatis, gradatis, superioribus longitudinaliter striatis, infimo levigato, lineis spadiceis remotiusculis subundulatis picto ; spird conico-acutd ; columella rectd, superne et inferné incrassatd ; canali umbilico profunde arcuato, valde latiore ; funiculo angusto; aperturd semi-oblongd. 206 Hab. ‘St. Elena, West Colombia; found in sandy mud at six fathoms.”’ H. Cuming. Testd tenuiori, sulcis longitudinalibus strieformibus ; anfractu in- jimo transverso, antice dilatato posticeque angustato, fasciis nul- lis, lineis spadiceis crebris undulatis angulatisque ; spird minori ; columelld minus concavd ; funiculo crassiore & Naticd Broderi- piana differt. Var. 6. Forma Natica Fanel Adansonii accedens sed diversa; an species nova ? Umbilicus testaceus, anticé triangulatus, in medio costd latd, crassd, exsertd, sulco anticé cinctd et postice revolutd insculptus, ared posticd arcuatim sulcatd. Margo postica transversim crenulata: crenis infe- rioribus valde impressis. Long. 23 mill.; larg. 24 mill.; convex.16 mill. Ouverture: long. 20 mill.; larg. 113 mill. 6. Narica argotata. Nat. testd ventricoso-globosd, tenui, parvd, subpellucidd, glaucind seu luted, lineis angulato-flecuosis, sepe basi latioribus arcuatisque pictd, ornatis ; spird convexo-conicd, apice Suscd ; aperturd subviolaced ; labio oblique rectiusculo, ad umbi- licum subconvero, basim versus arcuatim rotundatd ; funiculo crasso, superne rotundato, plano umbilicum canalemque valde an- gustante. Var. 6. Testa minor, maculis luteis antice albo marginatis ac arcu- atis subseriebus 3—4-cincta, interdum confluentibus ; anfractibus superne zond dilute aurantid lined albé marginatd ornatis. Rumph. Mus. tab. 22. fig. G. bona, non Natica zebra, Lamk. Hab. “Island of Capul : found on the reefs, Philippines.” H. Cu- ming. Amboina (Mus. Paris et Rumphius). Long. 12 4 17 mill.; larg. 13 8 19 mill.; convex. 103 a 15 mill. Ouverture: long. 104 & 144 mill.; larg. 6 29 mill. Spire, haut. 44 a7 mill. 7. Natica ruLGuRANS. Nat. testd ovatd, ventricosd, tenuiter striatd, albd, flammeis fulgurantibus spadiceo-nigris interdum confluentibus pictd ; spird conicd, acutd; aperturd albd; columelld obliqud, rectiusculd, umbilico profundo; canali latiusculo ; funiculo de- presso, supernt basique compresso ; labro basi oblique rectiusculo, crasso, compresso. Hab. “ Le Senegal (Mme Dupont).” Long. 22 mill.; larg. 20 mill.; convex. 15-16 mill. Ouverture: long. 16 mill.; larg. 9 mill. Spire, haut. 9 mill. Testa alba seu dilute ravida; flammis interruptis in zonas trans- versas efformantibus sepe dispositis. 8. Natica Couxie1. Nat. testd ventricoso-globosd, albd, maculis spa- diceo-fuscis quinque seriatis : seriebus duabus maculis rufis qua- dratis interdum. angulatis alteris punctiformibus cinctd ; spird converd, apice acuta; anfractibus superné planiusculis, radiatim breviter striatis ; aperturd albidd, intis subflammulatd ; umbilico arcuato, profuado; funiculo parvo; columelld oblique rectius- culd. 207 Var. B. Testa maculis quadratis quinque seriatis cincta; seriebus tribus medianis maculis majoribus interdum confluentibus ; aper- turd intis rosed ; funiculo crasso extiis ad sinistram oblique pla- nulato, basi canali propinquiori. Hab. “Swan River, Australia; found on stones, low water, by Lieut. Collie, R.N. Var. from the island of Ticao found on the reefs.” H. Cuming. Long. 14 var. 17 mill.; larg. 15 var. 16 mill.; convex. 114 var. 13 mill. Ouverture: long. 114 var. 13 mill.; larg. 7 var. 73 mill. 9. Natica Fane, Adanson. Var. 3. Testa alba, seu albo-subvinosa, maculis rotundatis atropur- pureis, paucis interdum confluentibus picta. Natica variolaria, nobis olim. Hab. ‘ Zanzebar, east coast of Africa, collected by Mr. Thomas Thorre.” H. Cuming. Testa subglobosa, ovata, ventricosa, nitidissima, levigata. Anfracti- bus senis, convexis, superne depresso-planis, radiatim tenuiter stri- atis, fere gradatis. Spira conica; apice acutiusculo. Apertura semirotunda, alba, obliquata. Columella oblique recta, angusta, su- perne breviter reflexa, adnata, basi in labro continuato et incrassato. Umbilicum semirotundum, fuscum, profundum. Funiculum depres- sum, latiusculum, rufum, superné, via callosum, semiovatum, colu- melle adnatum. Operculum? 10. Narica Gamsra. Nat. testd ventricoso-ovatd, interdum sub- globosd, crassd, albida seu dilute carneolatd ; anfractibus convezis, levigatis, supern? longe radiatim striatis, superioribus supra de- presso-planiusculis ; spird conico-depressd, acuta ; apertura ob- liqud, albd ; columelld rectd, superne incrassata, callosd ; umbilico parvo ; canali arcuato, profundo ; funiculo magno, superne dila- tato, plano, semiovato ; labro crasso. Var. B. Testa ovatd, substriatd, superne cinereo-fuscescente, fusco obscure zonatd, inferne albidd, submedio zond pallidd cincld ; spird glaucescente ; aperturd intis fusco-purpurascente. Operculum testaceum, solidum, ad apicem tenuiusculum, lacteum, postice marginem versus fuscum, levigatum, antice lined angustd circumdatum. Varietates innumere Naticee maroccanze Chem- nitzii (Nat. marochiensis Lamk. non Menke nec Philippi, que est Nerita (Natica) glaucina Linné certé) differt, formd, facie, consistentia, umbilico, funiculo et operculo.. Rara. Hab. “River Gambia; found on the sands by Mr. Beale of Jer- sey.” H. Cuming. Long. 27 mill.; larg. 25 mill.; convex. 18 mill. Ouverture : long. 21 mill.; larg. 103 mill. Spire, haut. 11 mill. 11. Narica canrena, Lamk. Nerita canrena, Linné, Mus. L. U. p. 674. no. 383. Synonymis et variet. exclusis. Var. 3. Minor, tenuior, magnitudinis avellane, zonis tribus albis et totidem fuscis pallidis cincta; zonis albis medio ventris lineis 208 arcuatis spadiceis ornatis, superd maculis spadiceis arcuatis pictd ; suturd fascid angustd luted marginatd, striis radiatis crebris sculptd ; umbilico parvo ; canal profundo, arcuato, zond latissimd alba circumdato et maculis spadiceis remotis notatd. Hab. “ Jacna, isle of Bohol, Philippines; twelve fathoms, sandy mud.” _H. Cuming. An eadem ut typus Linnei? Var. y. Testd, omnind albd, ad suturam lacteo fasciatd; labro fra- gilt. Hab. “Island of St. Vincent, North America.” H. Cuming. Long. 23 mill. ; larg. 26 mill.; conv. 20 mill. Ouverture: long. 20; larg. 13 mill. Spire, haut. 9 mill. 12. Natica pavimentuM. Nat. testd ovato-obtusd, subglobosd, par- vuld, exalbidd, lacteo-quadrifasciatd, supremd latd lineis rufis radia- tis, tribus inferioribus angustioribus maculis quadratis rufis seriatis articulatis pictd ; spird convexo-rotundatd, parvd, viz prominenti ; aperturd albd, obliqud ; columelld rectd, solidd; funiculo semi- rotundo, umbilico parvulo omnind occultante. Var. (3. Tesid fascia medii ventris maculis longitudinaliter oblongo- quadratis remotioribus pictd. Testa anfractibus quinis, convexo-depressis, infimo convewiore ; su- turd viv impressd. Operculum ? Hab. “The island of Ticao, Philippines; found on the reefs.” H. Cuming. Long. 10 mill.; larg. 9 mill.; conv.7 474 mill. Ouverture: long. 8 mill.; larg. 32 mill. 18. Natica Guarreriana. Nat. testd subovatd, semigloboso-acutd, tenui, subepidermide fuscescente albidd, punctis quadratis spadi- ceis seriatis in medio ventris trifasciatd, superné lineis concolori- bus obsoletisque decurrentibus ornatd ; anfractibus ventricosis, ad suturam longé et crebre striatis, fascid albd circumdatis ; spird conico-acutd ; aperturd dilatatd, basi subproductd et angulosé ; umbilico parvo; funiculo semiovato, supra oblique plano, umbi- licum et canalem valde occultante. Var. 3. Testa minor, fasciis punctorum in medio ventris ultimi duabus. Hab. “ Sual, province of Pangasinan, island of Luzon; found at five to seven fathoms, on sand.” H. Cuming. Long. 125 mill. ; larg. 12 mill. ; convex. 9 mill. Ouverture: long. 10 mill.; larg. 6 mill. Spire, haut. 5 mill. Natice maroccane Chem- nitzii proxima. ** Testa subovata seu ovata; operculum cartilaginosum, Gen. Natica, Risso. Mamiiiate, Récluz. 14. Natica Panamaknsis. Nat. testd ovato-globosd, ventricosd, pon- derosd, albidd ; anfractibus septenis, supremis depresso-converis, infimo ad peripheriam depresso-planulato, supra subanguloso, de- clivi seu conveviusculo, striis tenuissimis impresso ; spird conicd, 209 ucutd; aperturd odliqud, oblongo-semilunari ; columelld superne et antic? ventricosd, vald? incrassatd,.calloso-lacted, convead, sub umbilico productiusculd ; umbilico profundo ; funiculo intis sub- obsoleto, extern® oblongo, calloso et cum callo columelle consoli- dato ; labro tenuiusculo. Operculum cartilaginosum, radiatim tenuiter striatum, dilute fuscum. Sinu Panama propria. Hab. “ Panama; found at ten fathoms in fine sand.” H. Cuming, Long. 44 & 54 mill.; larg. 40 4 47 mill.; convex. 23 a 40 mill. ‘Ouverture : long. exter. 40 4474 mill., inter. 33 840 mill. ; larg. 18 & 22 mill. Spire, haut. 16 mill. 15. Natica Fremrnerana. Nat. testa ovato-oblongd, crassiusculd, lacted, nitidd, politd, levissime striatd, anfractibus senis, depresso- convexiusculis, infimo ovato-convexo, superne subconico ; spird de- presso-conicd, apice exalbido ; aperturd angustd, semirotundd ; columella oblique rectiusculd, in medio subconvead, extern? callosd, crassd; umbilico profundo, superne partim tecto, extern angulo vix notato circumdato, basi in canalem profundum arcuatum pro- longato, a furiculo modificato. Junior. Canali umbilico subconsolidato, lineari. Operculum cartilagineum, luteum, tenuissimum, margine antico hyalino zonatum, fascid latd, purpureo-rufid, apice revolutd, superficie eleganter radiatim striatd valde differt. Testa interdum albo dilute straminea seu ferrugineo partim tincta. Hab. “ Sorsogon, isle of Luzon ; found in sand and small stones.’’ H. Cuming. Long. 30 mill.; larg. 26 mill.; convex. 22 mill. Ouverture: ex- ter. 27 mill., inter. 19 mill.; larg. 112 mill. Spire, haut. 9 mill. Nerita mamilla, var. lactee, Linnei valde affinis, sed spira acuta et umbilico aperto differt. Natice vavaoi Le Guillou proxima, sed columella convexiore, basi et interné non angulata, rotundato-con- cava, angulo umbilici remotiore et linezformi, canali umbilici an- gustiore et columella supra medium convexiuscula transversim nec sulco obsoleto instructa dissimilis est. Natica uber, Valenciennes, feré simillima, sed in hac operculum cartilagineum omnind luteum et striis tenuioribus, in Nat. Flemingiand. 16. Natica pupia. Nat. testd ventricoso-ovatd seu globoso-acutd, levigatd, crassd, ponderosd, albido-stramined, ad suturam obscure fasciatd et transversim obsolete striatd; spird conico-depressd, plus minusve prominuld, acutd ; aperturd semirotundd, intiis sub- margaritaced ; labio antic recto, basi incrassato, superne valde calloso: callo supra medium convexo ; umbilico spirali, in cana- lem profundum arcuatumque prolongatum et funiculo modificatum sive fere sive omnind obtecto ; labro solido. Hab. *‘ Chili?” H. Cuming. Long. 37 4 39 mill.; larg. 36 & 37 mill.; convex. 27 a 28 mill. Ouverture: exter. 324 a 33, inter. 22 4 23 mill.; larg. 144154 mill. Spire, haut. 9 @ 114 mill. Natice Flemingiane proxima, sed solidiore, ventricosiore, ponde- 210 rosa columella nec anticé convexa, superné valdé convex4, umbilico interdum occultato, differt. 17. Natica uBERINA, Valenciennes in Mém. Géol. de Humboldt. Var. 8. Testd ovato-conicd, obsoletissime cancellatd ; anfractibus superne conicis ; spird elongatd, conicd ; canali umbilici et capite Suniculi magis elongati. Hab. ‘‘Casma, Peru; found in muddy sand, five fathoms.” H. Cuming. Long. 413 mill.; larg. 37 mill.; convex. 30 mill. Ouverture: long. exter. 31 mill.; inter. 26 mill.; larg. 16 mill. 18. Narica Cuminerana. Nat. testd ovato-ventricosd, luteo-auran- tid, ponderosd, superne tenuiter et crebre striatd, nitidissimd ; an- Sractibus senis conico-depressis, infimo ventricoso, supra levissime conico; spird conico-depressd, acutd, partim albd; suturd sub- obliterata ; aperturd oblongo-semilunari, albd; columelld lacted, rectiusculd, in medio subconverd, superne et externé incrassatd, callosd ; umbilico patulo, spirali ; canali largo, semirotundo, lac- teo, bianguloso ; angulo interno spirali, externo postice carinato ; Suniculo lacteo, crasso, externé semirotundato, interne depresso, spirali, umbilicum modificante. Junior. Testd tenuiore, carncolatd, spird lacted, angulis umbilici ob- soletis ; callo columelle supra umbilicum sulco transverso notato, in adulto vix conspicuo. Operculum rubicundum striis radiatum et tenuissime longitudinaliter arcuatimque impressum, antic? zond hyalind circumdatum. Natica au- rantia, var. lutea, nobis (Nerita mamilla, var. lutea, Linné), proxima sed ventricosiori, majori et umbilico patulo, funiculato, diversa est. Na- tice porcelanze, D’Orbigny multd major, ventricosior, aurantid ac non stramined dissimilis. Hab. ‘Island of Cayo, Philippines; found in sandy mud, deep water.” H. Cuming. Long. 46 mill.; larg. 43 mill.; convex. 27428 mill. Ouverture: long. exter. 42, iter. 32 mill.; larg. 18 mill. Spire, haut. 153 mill. Junior. Natice fuscate, nobis (Nerita mamma veneris fuscata seu lutea, Chemnitz, Conch., p. 282. pl. 189. f. 1932, 1933) accedens sed diversa. 19. Natica Powrstana. Nat. testd ventricoso-ovatd, crassd, nitidd, rufo-purpurascente, interdum rufo obscure fasciatis anfractibus senis convexo-depressis ; infimo fascid suturali luted, latd, ornato ; spird conico-depressd, alba seu luteo tinctd, acutd ; aperturd semi- rotundd, intits albido-cinerascente ; columelld albd, rectiusculd, in medio subconvead, basi crassd et oblique rectd, superne callosa ; umbilico patulo, albo, spirali, in canalem latum extiis desinente ; canali intis subangulato, externé costuld convexiusculd, basin ver- sus sensim crescente, superne in’ umbilicum decurrente ; funiculo semiovato, plano, intis convexiusculo. Var. /5. Testd aurantio-rufescente. Hab. ‘‘ Moluccas.” H. Cuming. 211 Long. 35 & 40 mill.; larg. 35 4 44 mill.; convex. 28 4 34 mill. Ouverture: long. exter. 32 4 39 mill., inter. 24 a 31 mill.; larg. 15419 mill. Spire, haut. 12 a 14 mill. Natica Cumingiana valdé affinis, basi columellz crassiori extis ob- liqué truncata, angulo externo umbilici costeformi, rotundato, ob- tuso et in perforatione decurrente, angulo interno canalis majore et depressiore, apertura semirotunda, anticé dilatata sed non oblonga, et superné aucta differt. 20. Natica Satanconensis. Nat. testd ovatd seu oblongd, ceruleo- Suscd seu fulvd, substriatd ; anfractibus quaternis depresso-con- vewis, superne conicis et zond aurantid marginatis ; spird conicd, obtusiusculd, pallidé cerulescente et albo fasciatd ; aperturd semi- rotundd, fulvo-castaned ; columelld rectd, in medio vix convexd, supra crassd, superne angulo transverso calloso instructd, ad um- bilicum sulco notatd ; umbilico profundo, coarctato, fulvo-aurantio ; canali arcuato, largo, funiculo superne oblongo, basi sensim atte- nuato modificato. Operculum pallide fulvum, radiatim striatum, tenue, et cartilagi- neum. Natice mamillaris, Lamk. (Natica fuscata, nobis) proxima sed diversa. Hab. “‘ Salango, West Colombia; found in sandy mud.” H. Cu- ming. Long. 26 mill. ; larg. 23 mill.; convex. 15 mill. Ouverture: long. exter. 242 mill., inter. 20 mill.; larg. 4 4 5 mill. 21, Narica pyrirormis. Nat. testd oblongo-pyriformi, lacted, sub- striatd, nitidd ; anfractibus 5-6 convexiusculis, elongatis, superneé declivis : infimo ventricoso-conico, superné depresso; spird elon- gatd, conicd, apice puncto fusco-notatd ; aperturd obliqud, sub- semilunari, angustatd ; columelld rectiusculd, extis superné callosd, basi cum funiculo supra compresso consolidatd, umbilico parvo, eaterne occultante et canali arcuato profundo angustante ; labro tenuiusculo, subpellucido. Spird interdum superne lutescente. Anfractus ultimus sepe tenuiter striatum : striis inter oculum et lumen hyalinis. Hab. ‘ Tlo-Tlo, island of Panay ; found on the sand at low water,” H. Cuming : “and from Huan river, Australia; found in sandy mud by Lieut. Collie, R.N., ten fathoms.” 22. Nartica aurantia, Lamk. Var. 8. Lutea seu straminea, Nerita mamilla, var. lutea, Linné, Mus. Lud. Olr. p. 675. no. 386. Natica straminea, nobis olim. Natica sulphurea, guorundam. Hab. “ Philippines; found on the reefs.” H. Cuming. Var. £. Amboina, Timor (Mus. Paris). B. Umbilicum nudum, pervium, nec funiculatum. * Testa subglobosa, operculum cartilagineum. 23. Natica viotacea, Sowerby, Tankerville Catal. Natica amethystina, Lamarck’s collection. 212 Var. 3. Testd globoso-ovatd, ventricosd, albd seu lacted, maculis luteis seu dilute chocolatis superioribus characteriformibus, medi- anis quadratis, inferioribus oblongis quinque seriatis pictd ; colu- melld ints et extis pulchré roseo-violaced. Hab. “Island of Ticao, Philippines; found in coral sand at four fathoms. Var. a. from the island of Masbate, Philippines; sandy mud.” H. Cuming. 24. Narica Burrasiensis. Nat. testd parvuld, ventricoso-globosd, subepidermide luteo-olivaceo albd, nitidd, levigatd, lineis luteis longitudinalibus undulatis crebris, interdum macuiis albis majoribus superne et in medio ventris subtriseriatis pictd ; spird parva, sub- conicd, acutd ; apertura semirotundd, in fundo violaced ; columelld rectd, basi crassiusculd, superne callosd, callo fusco-rubente, supra umbilicum parvum, extern? reflerum, curvum, et angulatum, partim occultante. Var. 3. Testd ad suturam fascid albd, latd, spiram decurrente pictd ; spird apice fusco-violascente. Operculum testaceum, album, striis obsoletis ornatum, postice margine tenuiter crenatum, anticé lined elevatd cinctum, apicem versus le- wissime callosum. Natica intricata (Nerita intricata, Donovan) minor, minus globosa, umbilicus nec funiculatus differt. Hab. * Island of Burias, Philippines ; found in sandy mud at seven fathoms.”’ H. Cuming. Long. 11 mill. ; larg. 114 mill. ; convex. 82. Ouverture: long. ex- ter. 84, inter. 6 mill.; larg. 4 mill. Spire, haut. 4 mill. 25. Natica Raynoxtpiana. Nat. testd subglobosd, crassiusculd, tenuissim? et dens? striatd, albd seu dilute aurantio-fulvd, spadiceo trifasciatd et sepé reticulatd ; anfractibus spire depresso-convecis, infimo rotundato ; spird depresso-conicd, subacutd, fuscd ; aperturd semirotundd, albd ; columelld subrectd, utrinque arcuatd, superne callosd, incrassatd ; callo albo, umbilicum extis albo-zonatum, par- tim occultante. Var. (3. Testd dilute aurantio-fulvd, spadiceo-trifasciatd nec reticu- latd. Var. y. Testd albd seu albidd maculis spadiceis triseriatis cinetd interdum lineis reticulatd, seu lineis confluentibus subflammulatd. Var. 6.? Testd globoso-ovatd, albd seu pallidé aurantid, lineis reti- culatis pictd, nec fasciatd. An Nerita arachnoidea, Gmelin, p. 3674. no. 17 ? Chemnitz, Conch. v. pl. 188. fig. 1915, 1916, optima (Mus. Paris), non Natica arach- noidea, Lamarck (Natica cruentata, var. trifasciata, nobis). E Hab. ‘‘ Zanzebar, East Africa; found on the sands by Mr. T. Thorre. Cagayan, province of Misamis, island of Mindanao ; found on sandy mud.” H. Cuming. ‘Trincomalee, bay of Ceylon, by M. Raynaud (Mus. Paris). Var. ¢. patriam ignoro. Long. 24 mill.; larg. 27 mill.; conv. 21 mill. Ouverture: long. exter. 20 mill., inter. 15 mill.; larg. 10 mill. Spire, haut. 9 mill. 213 26. Navica Gatuapacosa. Nat. testd globoso-acutd, subepider- mide dilute olivaceo-albd, fascia largd carneo-rufescente aut viri- descente, supern? fascid pallide rufa cinctd ; anfractibus quinis subplanis : infimo ventricoso, superne declivi, planiusculo ; spird parvuld, conico-depressd, rufo-fulvd, acutd ; aperturd semirotundd, albd, obliqud ; columelld oblique rectd, superne calloso-angulatd, ad umbilicum parvum, partim occultante reflerd. Operculum cartilagineum, olivaceo-fuscum lenuissime radiatim stria- tum, aperturd teste minus. : Hab. “‘ Gallapagos Islands; found in coral sand at Albemarle island.”” H. Cuming. 27. Natica pisirormis. Nat. testd minimd, subglobosd, albido- viridescente, subpellucidd ; anfractibus depressis, infimo ventricoso, supern® sepiiis subanguloso, levigatis ; spird depresso-conicd seu planulatd, vie exsertd ; aperturd semirotundd ; columelld rectd, superne breve reflexd, adnatd ; umbilico punctiformi, subfuniculato. Operculum cartilagineum, tenuiter radiatim striatum, lutescens, in medio rubicundum ? Tale ego vidi in aperturd eddem tesia. Hab. ‘‘ Valparaiso, Chili; found in coarse sand at forty-five fa- thoms.” H. Cuming. Long. 5-6 mill.; larg. 5-53; convex. 4-5 mill. Ouverture : long. exter. 44-5 mill., inter. 34-4 mill. ; larg. 2-3 mill. ** Testd ovato-aculd, tenuiusculd, sepissimé zonatd ; columella nigro aut fusco-purpurascente pictd ; operculo cartilagineo, oblongo ; aperturd angustiore. 28. Natica ZanzeBarica. Nat. testd ovato-oblongd, tenui, subepi- dermide olivaceo-albd, maculis fusco-purpureis elongatis interdum confluentibus trifasciatd ; anfractibus senis, convexis, tenuiter et crebre striatis : penultimo maculis bifasciato, infimo ovato ; spird conico-acutd, albd; apice fusco, minimo ; aperturd ovato-acutd, columella supra umbilicum adnatd, reflexd, fusco-purpurascente, anticé vir arcuatd ; umbilico profundo, extis partim occultato. Hab. ‘‘ Zanzebar.”” Mr. Thorre. Long. 50 mill.; larg. 41 mill. ; convex. 32 mill. Ouvert.: exter. 42, inter. 40 mill.; larg. 24 mill. Spire, haut. 165 mill. 99. Natica Priamus. Nat. testd ovato-acutd, ventricosd, nitidis- simd, tenu® striatd, zond pallidiore in medio cinctd : zond lateraliter maculis spadiceis seriatis, sepiis remotis et quadratis marginatd ; spird parvd, conico-acutd, maculis fasciatd, apice albo et puncto Fusco notato ; aperturd ovaid, basi et antic? dilatatd, albido-fuscd ; columelld supra umbilicum adnata, chocolatd, subarcuatd, externé in medio albo unimaculatd et reflexd, umbilicum profundum zond extits decurrente rufd partim occultante ; funiculo valde depresso, vie conspicuo, in umbilicum continuato. Var. 5. pallidiore. Hab. ‘‘ Moluccas,’ H. Cuming: Isle of France, M. Le Colonel Mathieu (Mus. Paris). 214 Long, 42 mill. ; larg. 40 mill.; convex. 26 mill. Ouverture: long. 39 mill. ; larg. 22 mill. Natica maura, Lamarck’s Encyclop., Sowerby, Tankerville Cat., proxima sed major, ventricosior, tenuior, fasciata, columella tenuior valde differt. 30. Natica Samarensis. Nat. testd ovato-acutd, albido et ceru- lescente longitudinaliter pallid zonatd, fusco-spadiceo transversim quadrifasciatd : fasciarum maculis interdum flammeformibus aut confluentibus ; spird conico-acutd, albo cinctd; aperturd ovatd, spadiceo-flammulatd ; columella omnind rufo-fuscd, subrectd, bast obtuse emarginatd, supern? reflexd, supra umbilicum externe auctd ; umbilico fere tecto, intis spadiceo. Operculum cartilagineum, tenuiter radiato-striatum, angulo circulart in medio notatum, luteo-fuscescens, aperturd teste multd minus. Hab. ‘‘ Catbalonga, island of Samar, Philippines; under stones at low water.” H. Cuming. Long. 33 mill. ; larg. 25 mill. ; convex. 19 mill. Ouverture : long. exter. 293, inter. 26 mill.; larg. 15 mill. Natica Simie, Deshayes in Lamarck, An. s. vert. viii. p. 652. no. 45. (Lister, Conch. pl. 142. f. 36. Ner. fasciatus @ museo Ozoniensi), proxima, sed major, solidior, fasciis dissimilibus, columelld omnind rufo- Suscd differt. 31. Narica srB#, Souleyet, Voy. Bonite, pl. 35. fig. 6, 7. optime ; Seba Mus., iii. pl. 41. f. 21. optima. Var. 3. Testd tenui, subepidermide stramineo, exalbidd, anfractibus superne lacteo marginatis, columella et umbilico rufo-fuscis. Operculum tenue, rubrum, longitudinaliter creberrimé transversim radiatim valdé striatum. Hab. ‘St. Nicolas, island of Zebu, Philippines; found under stones. ‘This species is remarkable for the smallness of the oper- culum; the animal covers a part of the shell when at rest.” H. Cuming. Var. 3. ‘Loon, isle of Bohol, Philippines; found under stones.” H. Cuming. December 26th, 1843. No Meeting was held. INDEX. The names of New Species and of Species newly characterized are printed in Roman Characters: those of Species previously known, but respecting which novel information is given, in Italics: made, in CAPITALS. Page Acanthidium calceus ......++ sohepssee 93 WIASTINUNTE Ses cecoest (ewcdesse sv eet ee 93 Acantholabrus imbricatus .....-.++.-. 87 Agelaius curaceus, Mol. .........0++... 113 Asriornis gutturalis, Gould ......... lll maritimus, G.R. Gray ......... lll Alcedo leucocephala, Lath. ...........+ 103 Anas Bahumensis? Linn. .......2-405 119 chalcoptera, Kittl. ........2020.0- 119 Rafflesii, Vig. ...coceeeseseons eee LS specularis, King ....+..++...++ a 119 Anatina costata, SOW......+..0.sseaeeee vA longirostris, Lam. ....0+0.+.0+0.- 76 Anser melanopterus, Eyton ......... 118 Anthus correndera, Vieill. ............ 112 Gouldii, Fraser .....sce...eee0eee 27 Antigonia, Lowe ...:.....scssesssseeeeee 85 Antigonia capros, Lowe .....2.....+++ 86 ALENT =t\vovestosssss Saison jecccnnctiinc 8 Arctibeus Jamaicensis, Leach ...... 50 Ardea Cocoi? Linn. .....0000...00e «. 116 cyanocephala, Mol. ..... eee 116 magor 2°MOl.~ cscasesecscnecesrons 116 rectirostris, Gould ....e.e0.000... 22 Pliniis MOlesaccsscsettsetsccrssace 116 PAPITUMELOSES otic cscrsecascareus states sess . 86 Astroderma plumbeum, Lowe ...... 83 coryphenoides, Bon. ....-..+-... 83 Astur unicinctus, Temm. ......+0+26. 109 Athene cunicularia ....s.cccevecreseess 109 SETORSVICI MN cacacnsadeensee-euceeres 109 Aulopus, Cuv. .ecsecceececeees pete 88, 89 Aulopus Cuvierii, Risso ...... pestyeers 84 Avicula margaritiferd ....-..++ceecese 196 Bellongia campestris, Gould ......... 81 Blennius palmicornis, Cuv. & Val. ... 86 parvicornis, LOWe .e....ceecceeee 86 strigata ....4. ee pacaneneponandonae 86 those of Species respecting which Anatomical Observations are Page Blennius trigloides, Cuv. & Val. ...... 87 PBC DNGTIS hes e-em eee Seek eae seat eee 86 Brama longipinnis; Lowe ......... 82, 83 longipinnis, LOWe ....0.-+---0+ 89 Rae Bi Stee ee pee 82 BY OSTRUS scree eectcecsectecetere tes 91 Bubo Virginianus, Wilson ...........- 110 Buccinum aciculatum, Lam. ......... 165 Gees, ‘Chremine yes csssctarecs a eine 168 Australey SOW. cote revdes teoeee 168 Bellangeri, Kiener ............0+8 168 bifasciatum, Petiver ...... “eOaAE 168 candidum, Born ........s0..e0000e 165 cinereum, Born ......seecseeesees 165 commaculatum, Gmel. ...........- 163 concinnum, Gualt. ...... pdesheeee 168 crenulatum, Linn. ....... HAS aA 160 dimidiatum, Linn. ...........005. 160 duplicatum, Gmel. .............08 161 felinum, Dillw. ...........0.4 ... 160 ferrugineum, Born ,..........0..+ 160 fuscatum, Brocchi .........000..- 166 geminum, Linn. ......seeeeeeeeee 168 hastatum, Gmel. .......05 webcieerd 161 hecticum, Gmel. *..322..2<.-0ce-. 168 lanceatum, Gmel. ............... 165 URCOTATUDITN. Acc ttenter cece ece 168 maculatum, Linn. .......... eseee 159 moniles Bini secsteetee erate nc cre 168 MUTINUMS PDs Kcrescecatceceece 168 pertusum, BOrn ......ee0...e-0.0s 161 phallus, Chemn. .............esee 1638 politum, Lam. ....0c.0....2..0e-000 168 proximatum, Linn. .........00.++- 163 SCQIATIUNE, SOW: ..vc.ccoesacesese 168 SIUAUUNES LAT.” os 02sp roca soe .n- 168 strigilatum, Gmel. ......... 163, 165 Stroilatij Linn. sesckscaaeteves 161 216 INDEX. Page Page Buccinum succinctum, Chemn. ...... 168 | Centronotus .ccccccccececcseeesceveceeees 128 Tahitensis, Gmel. .......0-40.-. 168 | Centrophorus calceus, Lowe ......... 93 Tigrinum, Gel. ....+1+0ee00002.. 160 | Centropus Senegalensis, Swains. ...... 53 vittatum, Linn. .....+..65 adeeeees 168 | Cercopithecus lunulatus, Kuhl. ...... 122 Bucco subsulphureus, Fraser ......... 3 | Ceryle torquata, Gmel. ........:.0000e 110 Bullia vittata, Gray ...ccccec.sseeeoee 168 | CHETOMYS, Gray ......ccccecsecseeees 2] Buteo erythronotus, King .......0++.. 109 | Charadrius rubecola, King .......0.0++ 118 Cactornis inornatus, Gould....... soeee 104 Virginianus, Wilson ............ 118 CAMELUS BACTRIANUS ...eeeees. eee 50 | Chauliodes ....s.seacesecsecerses seha\.(oss 88 Cancellaria antiquata, Hinds ......... AQ..|.Chilonycterts \..ccecencstssclessepencensse 20 bicolor, Hinds .....0+0+++...-..06- 48 | Chilonycteris fuliginosus, Gray ...... 20 CONIAG vaceecessceseceessecc.asene 47 | Macheayi .iicocsccseasens Bescere. 20 corrugata, Hinds .......ssseseesee 48 | Chiton biradiatus, G. B. Sow.......... 102 Cremata, E1tid5 scccscsevscccess os 48 Janierensis ......00. sanaepata tis sive? 102 lata, Hinds ..secsecssesseseee-e 48 | Chloeephaga Magellanica, Eyton ...... 118 funiculata, Hinds .......006 eeees 48 | Chrysometris campestris, Gould...... 112 lamellosa, Hinds .........2+00-+008 49 Magellanicus, Bonap............. 113 TERILR) SOWs0 React seveiss224eeeern oe 49 | Ciconia Maguari............. weescsess - 116 LEELONOSIOTIONS » decteacie:seiacin's amen 49 Palitis® Mol. ..sccesectssecsaeeaeee -« 116 urceolata, Hinds ......cescerssse0s 47 | Circus cinereus, Vieill. .....0...c000ee 109 ventricosa, Hinds ..............- 47 Glavatula; Tar. Vesccsssceeccawecardare 38 Caprimulgus bifasciatus, Gould...... 110 | Clavatula albicans, Hinds ............ 43 Gar cide sas. odes atadepyeastnsee ses 83, 85 amabilis, Hinds ........-secsseeee 40 Capros Aper, Lacep. ...0.-.+.....+005 85 argillacea, Hinds ....... eatbees 40 Caranax luna, Geoff, .....ceeecereceeee 84 aspera, Hinds ......s0sccseeceess - 40 Carcharias falcipinnis ......0++. 5200 93 bella; Finds: i. asics aasion-ptewpiaeee 4l TRACTIONS eran’ sing aienioalseeces BRE saa cete 93 candida, Hinds .......-seeeeeeene 42 (Prionodon) Henlei, Mill. & H. 93 CiNCLA, SOW els aap deeosmreaeeeenee 38 (Prionodon) obscurus, Mill.& H. 93 cineraria, Hinds ......0.0....0e00s 40 (Prionodon) melanopterus, Quoy ceelata, Hinds ......... Aes - 42 Ge Galmard) \cccavepacceaveccsces 93 crebricostata, Hinds...s.....0.00- 4] Sorrah, Val., Mill., Henl. ...... 93 crenularis, Latte =. csadess sacked 38 Cardita angisulcata, Reeve ............ 193 Gebilisatitnds \. sens dalap sais 39 GOREQUS s\n: cnxadeadneepupeanticanbes 194 dentifera, Hinds .,.....ccssseseeee 44. canaliculata, Reeve ..scseeeseeee 193 donata, Hinds .recodercscsecseceare 43 Cardioides, Reeve .......-.000... 194 duplicata, SOW. ....cceceseseons » 38 compressa, Reeve ..ssesseseeves . 194 exiced; Aids} asics savce-panseineeine 39 distorta, Reeve ....eccecsersseeee 192 felina, Lids) {nen eke Eanes ave 42 fabUla;, eCve s,05Wocasasacenncos 195 | fimbriata, Hinds ..........0-.2.00+ 43 flabellum, Reeve .........seceeeees 194 flammea, Hinds ....0..--02+.0000e 42 gibbosa, Reeve .........sesseeeee -. 192 flavidula; a. s.i essere eee 38 gubernaculum, Reeve ......++.00e 191 fulvas (Hinds 1 175 Conus, genus, Auct. ......... saeesins 168 MCCUTUT) Was Canstans une cns der setees 174 Conus aculeiformis, Reeve ..... waeeaasy LAO 4 Stainforthii, Reeve .....sse...-s00 12 gwemulus, Reeve ..ccscseccccesrees 179 sugillatus, Reeve ....sccsseseeeeess 177 ambiguus, Reeve ............ee0ees 177 SUNOS Eee nassamnanessvereetcattes 173 aplustre, Reeve ...cececessseeeee 171 Suturatus, Reeve ......seseeecsseee 178 Archiepiscopus ...ceccccceereeres 173 TApICUS RE CE LT on ccccceccce sven 177 attenuatus, Reeve ......see0000+- 180 fares llcrs Marte Diigsc.ccesetence 173 beeticus, Reeve’ .......ccceccesees 174 temigleniuamie. wes cnss esenacey teats 173 Broderipii, Reeve ........see00+ 179 GHISETS, PICZO. Na vacscanceacnebccapee 178 bulbus, Reeve ............ Svenaee 171 trochulus, Reeve ....sscsccssseseee 177 Duxeus, Leeve ...rccecccececseceees 180 ustulatus, Reeve ...coscccccccseces 176 UUDTHAEUS ee atecas cece css sscase se ee ye} verriculum, Reeve ccccccecceesee 173 castus, Reeve ...ecc..eee Saree . 180 MICAPIUS, LAM. ca. savecsecne a-Mewas 173 Clerii, Reeve .........06 Bee ca vanee 175 Victoriz, Reeve ......ssseeccevees 172 cocceus, Reeve ....... See casas 174 VIA, PRCCUE we sensncigsecoonsnc 79, 169 COMME AE Iecsee Ne PAY are MAE, 176 violaceus, Reeve ..... oucaceabhnens 176 conspersus, Reeve .....sseeeeeees 180 | Corbula, Bruguiére.........seses...00 55 crepusculum, Reeve ......+00+++ 178 | Corbula albuginosa, Hinds............ 56 ‘cuneolus, Reeve ......cesceseeeeee 173 costellata, Deshayes ............ 77 RAUCH Sir cos Smear oe oes Se cewann 181 CLASSE, | ETUMGS har cane ceendceserecace 55 Deshayesii, Reeve .....ceceseeeee 168 GUneata, HAUAIS Jv encssucveescarcs 55 elongatus, Reeve ....... aesetassdeas 170 ADAG EIRIGS) cena sscaventuderescaaied 59 epistomium, Feeve ......ce.000+5- 174 faRlata FLimUS. xs caedeicesac tees 58 SEIU TACT EL. cP OO EDA CEECCEDPEE 175 AAG MELINA 5 caeesaseascane vaxtas 56 exaratus, Reeve .....ccccccsceesse 176 eburnea, Hinds .......... oe 0 58 FONVUS;PRECUC Sac ticececciacecsece ce 79 levis, Hinds ......+ pap ee is ies ea 59 geographus, var., Brod. ........- 170 marmorata, Hinds .....-.0....00+ 58 Gray; Reeve se. s.0.0ccscwosesss .. 179 MOdesta; BINS (2. cscasernsciesenee 57 Griineri, Reeve ........eeeceeeeee 175 monilis, Hinds .........008. Sette te Guinaicus ...cc..006 Fo PE RC 179 obesa, Hinds ..... wR Me pepenes 57 incarnatus, Reeve ......0eeeeee0e 174 pallida, Hinds ....... tented es ist 55 inscriptus, Reeve .....seceseereeeee 171 ROMESSUEIENISD war euee Gos ccusscveves 57 intermedius, Reeve .........+++ ... 168 quadrata, Hinds .........seeeeeees 57 iodostoma, Reeve —....0....seeeee 170 MAGLRLE SOW axe candiescs.ecs son cemneld! WOM cperees ie. eek seus a rsaean -- 170 rostrata, Deshayes ..........6.... 76 lacteus; var? Lam. .....0...0000s 173 WOUALIS, FRINGES 2. xaans svaces ds dyace 56 JAMEUS}EREEBDES?S, .Rev vou cescstecvese 179 scaphoides, Hinds ...scssescceees 56 218 INDEX. Pace Page Corbula similis, Hinds .......++.-.005 56 | Cyclostoma translucidum, G. &. Sow. 29 solidula, Hinds ....-ssc.tccveeess 58 | Cygnus nigricollis ........0sseeseeeeee 118 speciosa, Hinds ......+- abt OY | (Cymacephalus: -eeaasvens 63 Dendrodramus leucosternon, Gould... 112 linguiferum, G. B. Sow. ......... ol Diana semilunata, Risso sascececaees 84 lingulatum, G. B. Sow. ...+.+-+- 64 | Diaphasia ...... Wiet dvasssasct eee §2 Disteri, G.B. Sow. ...---.esasres 31 | Diaphasiaacus ....... rr ree 92 luteostoma, G. B. Sow. .....++++ G2 || Didelphys. cccccacnssesnde aeceeeeene 132 maculosum, G. B. Sow. ......+6+ 66 | Didelphys elegans ...ccceceeeeeeevereee 132 ANIMIOS, Cr De SOW. we eas cbcoce 65 SNEPULUS | \suindandeniecdces ops sce eTaene 145 mucronatum, G B. Sow. ...... 63 QURCE. 25. aan scang eee oe ee 79 nitidum, G. B. Sow. ....0.+++.-- 60 | Dinornis didiformis, Owen .........06. 144 Panayense, G. B. Sow. ......--- 62 | dromaoides, Owen .....-seseerees 145 parvum, G. B. Sow. ......-+++0. 66 | giganteus, Owen .....cseccovcecens 145 perplexum, G. B. Sow. 63 Nove-Zealandia, Owen ......... 8 pileus, G. B. Sow. ......esseeees+ 31 | Otidiformis, Owen .....0+¢-..00s 145 plebeium, G. B. Sow. ........-.:. 60 Struthoides, Owen ......... 144, 145 pusillum, G. B. Sow. .........+s- 59 | Diodon reticulatus ..........--cessssses 93 rugulosum, G. B. Sow. ......+ 29 TEVULOLUS. ..0.s0ce0s scope unentnavee 93 rufescens, G. B. Sow. .....s..0+-- 60 | PELTINILS clu auss teeso. pe vader ssmes Go semistriatum, G. B. Sow. ...... 29 |, Dinduntid@’ «oss .ccessaneooe eee tossed 93 semisulcatum, G. B. Sow. .....- 62 | Diomedea culminata, Gould ......... 107 spurcum, G. B. Sow. ..ssesseoeee 60 | Diplopterus Guira, Gray ....0..--00s 121 stramineum, Reeve ......-....-..- 46 | Donax carinata, Hanley .......0.10..-+ 5 substriatum, G. B. Sow. ........- 61 | dentifera, Hanley .seccsesseee owe. 6 suturale, G. B. Sow. ..0......05+ 29 | pulchella, Hanley ......seecsee0e 6 tigrinum, G. B. Sow. ........+++- 30 punctato-striata, Hanley ......24. 5 INDEX. 219 5 Donax semisulcata, Hanley .......+. 5 Drymoica lateralis, Fraser ......++ ax “16 mentalis, Fraser sssccscsseceeees «. 16 BUGAS EP POSETS evade ccccupetive ds Poe | ruficapilla, Fraser ...sec0c000.-. 16 rufogularis, Fraser ...ssc.eceeeee ef Strangei, Fraser .....00..seses ses 16 uropygialis, Fraser ......000-- 17 Eburna monilis, Schumacher ......... 168 Echiostoma, Lowe .........++ Sevclaveees 87 Echiostoma barbatum, Lowe ......+++ 88 Elanus dispar ....cc..seescssssseeeessees 109 Elasmatina Cumingiana, Pet. de la bitte Pansy esse sactenecannacasenezs® saan 2 globosa, Pet. de la Sauss. 0. 3 Reclusiana, Pet. dela Sauss.... 2 subulata, Pet. dela Sauss. ...... 2 Emberiza luteocephala, D’Orb. .. 113 Enoplosum, Laceyp. ....... seremiecena yee 85 Equula ...... spansvadecenuscasteresat +. 86 Erismatura ferruginea, Eyton wees 119 Erycina cuspidata, Risso ........4. 76 Esocideé ...... nap stnatacdpedticcesees 87, 89 ORD tates cs csns . 129 Marochiensis, Lam. ......+.-+.- 207 TASGNGCG:. veryebinoccaseasescinceee 79 MUTA, AM». jasesecevetausedenees 214 TeBuing | «yacussvedssuanavivaatna'ss rae () orientalis, Récl. ........ceceeeeees 205 Muscipeta Smithii, Fraser ........... 34 Panameensis, Récl. .........0.000+ 208 tricolor, Fraser sesccccescessceess 4 pavimentum, Récl. ..........-060 208 Muscisaxicola mentalis, D’Orb. ...... 112 picta, Bel... secaneaetvesteccvdve 204 migra, Less. . sssceseeessseeeeeeees LIZ Powisiana, Récl. .......2:seese0eee 210 rufivertec, D’Orb. -cseees-ceerees 112 Priamus, Récl. ........0ceeeeeees 213 Muscivora Tyrannus, Gray sieseeee. 120 pyriformis, Récl. 2... ceeceeeeee 211 INDEX. 221 Page Page Natica Raynoldiana, Récl. ............ 212 | Nerita Mertoniana, Récl. ....,......- 71 Salangoensis, Récl. .............+5 211 Michaudiana, Récl...........0+0+ 72 Samarensis, Récl. ..........00055 214 nebulata, Reel. s.ocdcbigsedeencabodte 74 BER WHLCH M ecals canon J das adhe a seensined 78 lyrata, Hinds .....0..+2eeeeeeeeee 100 Nectarinia flavigastra, Gould ......... 104 marmorea, Hinds .....-.1+-0++++ 98 Neophron niger, Less. ........2.-+0s00++ 51 Mitralis, Hinds .........+-e+-+++- 97 Nerita, genus, Lam. ...........0s00065 198 Wana, Minasivyie pak cseemsieasese 98 Nerita Afra, Sow. ....0......00-ereeees 198 Nicobarica, Lam. .......-020005+ 99 Africana; REC) .dsscascssgdances 198 | er Cee SMES 97 aplata, Reel.) (\..ei 72 | tenella, 2inds .. 199 | Octodon Cumingii ......... 111, 129, 180 FUiGsily RECH.G «ae enbasthhs sacsen¢ 201 | Odontophorus Guianensis ........+..+ 107 OVE TECh.,.. scabeeeete + saunadayes 72 | Opetiorhynchus nigrofumosus, G. R. Deachti; Rech sect. vescuexeaeveens 199 GRA pe een eet Sox cnpin a Mo sainie sadyen 111 mamma Veneris juscata seu | vulgaris, G. R. Gray .....--+++-- lll lestea; CHEMIN cs avcecF+sdsxdencs 210 | Ophidtidae viccsesercocccesseeves Seth OSS»; 222 Page Ophidium Fierasfers, Risso ......... 92 Ophidium imberbe, Linn. ............ 92 Oreophilus totanirostris, Jard. & Selb. 117 Ornismya Allardi 2.0.06... c0scee eee 122 UB OMAPAT ACE ites. dace ssasecte actus 122 ENS CNA at Sccsrese sc 122 GbrINIO Ts sccae ca oes cnee es 122 ReleropowOnyr:. enc csatoreccees- ote 122 as Presrianyer i eee den ccesie 122 MICTOThYNChA .......seceeeeeeeenee 122 PAU i Eat ietess cesses acne 122 smaragdinocollis, D’Orb. ....... 122 DENNINCNTE seveccdsvetcecesdvest ss 122 VOSA nek ee seete sats casecns te sone 122 GT IUERICHTATES: J veces s-cscccecuncdeces secs 145 Ornithichnites giganteus, Hitchcock 146 UNBONSUTICCHS Wess cee ewes ceccse esse 146 ORF TRON Soe Sas aa le tet eeece ache se 107 Ortyx fasciatus, Gould .............05 133 leucophrys, Gould .............4. 132 lewcotis,\Gouldierescce.cts.ccccck 133 (Odontophorus) marmoratus, COLE eS PE UN ee 107 (Odontophorus)strophium,Gould 134 parvicristatus, Gould ............ 106 DUNMING Mandeewes Mikcee ce cen ree tks 107 Oras? Cardia een Neon seek scene 144 Otus palustris, Gould .............2..05 110 Oxyurus dorso-maculatus, D’Orb. ... 112 Parhysoma ieee, ope, 67 Pachysoma amplexicaudatum, Geoff. 67 brevicaudatum, Geoff. ............ titthecheilum, Temm. ............ 67 Passer Jagoensis, Gould............... 52 Simplex, SWainses232..2....0cn0e+- 52 Pectunculus assimilis -..........00.0000- 190 | aurifinus; Reeve’ oo. S 34 bicolor; Meeve Sek sseesteeee ses. 79 cancellatus; Reeve .............+- 88 Delessertii,; Reeve * .............0% 190 formosus, Reeve’ .:.22200.2......5- 189 giganteus, Reeve v........ 0.2.2.0 33 | Glycimeris, Lam. ............+-- 189 holosericus, Reeve ............++. 34 BCE eS e es saree Ieee aoe es: 79 linteatiis;teeves Terence cee eee 80 lividus; eeve™ ss) senscascestee sss 190 morum, ROVE ......cc.eeeeeeeecees 188 nodosus, Reeve .......eeeeeeee ees 80 obliquus, Reeve ............0e006 80 oculatus, Reeve ......2....eeee eee 188 pallium, Reeve .........0...-200e 80 CLUS PRCUVE! wesecsectseoce ccc: 189 pertusus, Reeve .............2.65 188 raripictus, Reeve’.:............0eee 34 sericatus, Reeve .............0665: 190 Stetlug, eevee ces. 189 spadiceus, Jteeve ....0...6. 0. 189 SPUTCUSPMCEVE aera eece-W cewek een 188 SEFEDUIRI SEP ee tt ett ee ome ts 190 INDEX. Page Pectunculas Tellinzformis, Reeve ... 80 tenuicostatus, Reeve ............ 80 tessellatus, Reeve...........0..s00 189 undulatus, Lam............++++ 34, 190 RONGUES Mise ee a coed ame tens 189 Pelecanoitdes Garnotii, G. R. Gray ... 119 Perdix Bonhami, Fraser ............ 70 Heyt, Temi \toincsesceecees eso < 70 Peristera tympanistera, Temm. ...... 53 Phalacrocorax, King ............0.000- 119 Phalacrocorax Brasiliensis, Spix ... 119 Gaiman dit yy Wet. aes eentiee ee 119 Phalaropus Wilsonti, Sab. .........+.+ 118 Phalocobcenus montanus, D’Orb....... 108 Phasianus Colchicus, Linn. ........- 51 Philomachus Chilensis, Mol. ... 116, 117 ignicapillus, Is. Geoff. ......... 117 Pholis Bufo, Lowe ............eceeeeeee 87 MEveSS 22ers 87 trigloides, Lowe ...........2.2+0+ 87 Phycis Mediterraneus ...........0+000+ 91 PHYVELODEA wos ccctseteesh crc eteeseeee 50 Phyllodia Parnellii, Gray ............ 50 Phyllostomina .....0.002.0.sceceesesecee 20 Phytotoma rara, MOl. ............0000 113 Picus Kingii, G.R.Gray ............ 114 lagnaritsy-Mol, 2c. 114 viridis; Aucts: 42. 22s. Seasons 51 Pipra vitellina, Gould ..............200+ 103 Platalea ajaja, Linn. ............00000 117 Pleurotoma, Lam. ...........- 31, 37, 181 Pleurotoma abbreviata, Reeve ...... 182 alabaster, Peeve ’........ccsceccees 18] albibalteata, Reeve ..............- 182 ’ annuiata, Reeve .........s.eeeeeee 33 arcuata, Reeve sissc20c..seccsees 32 Babylonia, var., Kien. ....1.... 3l Bertrandt-:)..s5.20 vk eee 45 bijubata, Reeve ............0200 0 182 Boholensis, Reeve .............+- 184 brevicaudata, Reeve ...........- 186 buceinoides .....éccecsceceneeeeeeee 168 carbonaria, Reeve ............++ 187 catena,: Reaves... ea 33 cedo-nulli, Reeve :.........0.0ceeee 185 contracta, Reeve ........0..0eeeee 185 corusca, Reeve ........2..eceececees 183 crassilabrum, Reeve ..........0- 185 cupreay Reeve iseec..csscseceeecees 187 Deshayestt™ stst-tesceensteemeeeaet 33 digitale, Reeve <........2cssseeceess 186 exasperata, Reeve ......6.0e0e00e 32 eximia, Reeve ........ceeceeseeveee 181 Garnonsii, Reeve ............+0+-+- 31 gracilenta, Reeve ........++-++2-0+ 184 gravis; Fiend: uc. eovecese seers 37 gemmata, Hinds ...........0.0000- 37 Harfordiana, Reeve ............... 183 hastata, Reeve ..5........0ceceeeeee 187 Hindsii,- Reeve... chess. ae 186 Page Pleurotoma inermis, Hinds ......... 37 Jantee bebe: Som k wascsasesecdaes 186 Mitreformis, Kiener ..........+. 33 mystica, Reeve ....cssecsseeseee 183 NODilis, Hinds .....0.0secveveeseees 37 obesa (Bech. MS.), Reeve ...... 33 Papalis, Reeve .......csesseeeeeeees 33 Perronii, Reeve .....0-.ceeeseeees 183 pessulata, Reeve .........00+0+000- 185 Philippinensis, Reeve ............ 184 Pier, WRCCUE. 5s heedles. de seins dances 181 picta (Bech. MS.), Reeve ...... 32 planilabrum, Reeve .........0000+ 182 pluteata, Reeve .........0002e00+ 183 radula, Hinds ,.......scesssesseves 38 Rissoides, Reeve ......s.ceeveeeeee 184 spectabilis, Reeve ........e0-200+ 32 PETAL A Ran y esanx ae Daesecpstsaseeet 183 stolida, Hinds .........essssesesees 37 ESTED sncacnnsaccescisats 162 piscata; Gray, “). stems see ean k-esnes 163 undulata, Gray ..........+. 161, 164 plicatula, Brocchi ............... 166 VAFICOSA; FINA, ...c.aevesessesasi 152 plumbea, Quoy .......-.seeeeenee 162 Varicosa, WINdS © es it van cnaneces 162 poltta, Gray Rvira.ccecs Sal Sees 168 variegata, Gray <.........csesceee 164 226 INDEX. Page Terebra venosa, Hinds ............00+ 157 venosa, Hinds ..........ccee0eeeeee 165 venusta, L@a_ .....0..e.eeeee 154, 167 Vetusia, Phill. .28.ceus, see eee 166 violascens, Hinds...............++ 154 violascens, Hinds ..............-.+- 168 wittata, Phill. . Aichacs Gleick 166 Vulcani, Brongniart ............ 167 Zebra, WINE . aeesesrccaavecsesss 160 Tet AZ ONUTUS «oc. 5s qqonintenste shoe anes 82 Tetraogallus Nigelli .............00005 70 Theristicus melanops, Wagl. ........- 117 SEW YIACINUS, saucqercagesqse cae encsekoe 148 Thylacinus Harrisii, Temm. ......... 148 Tinnunculus Sparverius ............... 109 Tinochorus D’ Orbignyanus............ 115 Eschscholtxii ....csccececceseccees 116 Torpedo hebetans..........0eceeeeeveenee 94 MGTINOP GG oh Scan ep hee eee ane 94 nobiliana, Buon. .............0.0+ 94 panthera, Ebfse..:.0c.00s06eeee. 94 picta, Lowe: ec kaae waves