Vol. III. No. 1. September, 1914. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ^ HAWAIIAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY FOR THE YEAR 1913 HONOLULU. HAWAII PRICE 50 CENTS OFFICERS 1913 PRESIDENT P. MUIR VICE-PRESIDENT W. M. GIFFARD SECRETARY-TREASURER O. H. SWEZEY EDITOR OP PROCEEDINGS O. H. SWEZEY MEMBERSHIP 1913 Back, E. A. Bridwell, J. C. Bryan, W. A. Carter, G. R. Cooke, J. P. Eckart, C. F. Ehrhorn, E. M. Fullaway, D. T. Giffard, W. M. Holmes, H. lUingworth, J. F *Koebele, A. Kuhns, D. B. Muir, F. Munro, Jas. *Newell, Bro. Matthias Osborn, H. T. Paxton, E. E. Pemberton, C. E. ^Perkins, R. C. L. Potter, W. R. R. * Sharp, D. Swezey, O. H. Tenney, E. D. Waldron, J. W. Warren, A. Waterhouse, A. Wilder, G. P. Honorary members. All correspondence should be addressed to the Secretary, Hawaiian Entomological Society, Honolulu, Hawaii, from whom copies of the Proceedings may be purchased. Volume I of the Proceedings, for 1905-07 (in five numbers), con- tains 210 pages, 4 plates and 5 text figures. Price of the complete volume, $2.00. Volume II, No. 1, contains 35 pages, 1 cut and 1 por- trait. Volume II, No. 2, contains 53 pages, 2 plates and 3 cuts. Vol. II, No. 3, contains 57 pages and 2 plates. Vol. II, No. 4, contains 45 pages and 1 plate. Vol. II, No. 5, contains 121 pages, 2 plates and 1 cut. Price of any single number, 50 cents. JANUARY 2xD, 1913. The ninetieth regular meeting of the Society was held in the nsnal place, President Mnir in the chair. Other members present : Messrs. Ehrhorn, Giffard, Back, Swezey, Brvan and Warren. Minutes of previous meeting read and approved. Member elected — Alfred Warren. PAPER READ. Pseudococcus Species Found on Sugar Cane in Hawaii. BY E. M. EIIRirOR>f. For many years there has been but one species of Pseudo- coccus or Mealybug re]iorted as attacking sugar cane in the Hawaiian Islands. Mr. Albert Koebele, I believe, determined the species as Pseudococcus calceolariae Maskell, but I have not been able to find any authentic record of it. In the Fauna Hawaiiensis, a list of the Coccidae of the Islands is given by the late Mr. G. W. Kirkaldy, and Pseudococcus calceolariae is quoted as infesting sugar cane (Koebele and Maskell). Again, in the Hawaiian Forester and Agriculturist, Vol. I, Xo. G, June, 1904, Mr. Kirkaldy lists P. calceolariae under the genus Tr-echocorys and calls it Sugar Cane Mealybug, stating that it formerly caused considerable destruction to sugar cane, but is of little importance now, being controlled by Cryp- tolaemus montrouzieri and Scymnus debilis. Unfortunately nothing in the above papers gives us a clue as to the size and color of the insect and we are at a loss to know if it is the same species we find today on sugar cane. The only attempt to clear up the mealybugs of sugar cane was in a paper read at the N"ovember meeting of the Hawaiian Entomological Society in 1909 by Mr. Jacob Kotinsky. At that time another species of Mealybug had been found by the late Mr. F. W. Terry, at Hilo, and the Avhole subject w^as taken up by Kotinsky, Avho after careful work settled on the two species as follows: The large pink species which is found at the leaf bases on sugar cane he determined as Pseudococcus calceolariae, "The Pink Sugar Cane IMealybug". The small gray species which Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc, III, No. 1, September, 1914. Mr. Terrj found at Hilo and which Mr. Swezey says he now finds at many other places on all the Islands, Kotinsky deter- mined as Pseudococcus sacchari, 'The Gray Sugar Cane Mealy- bng". I have always been in donbt about his determinations, especially about P. calceolariae, as I have specimens of material found on N'ew Zealand flax in California which was determined for me by Professor T. D. A. Cockerell. Mr. Kotinsky had the loan of my slide of this species and says that on account of finding my species on K'ew Zealand flax I took it for granted that it was P. calceolariae. However, he misunderstood me, for I told him that Mr. Cockerell was responsible for the deter- mination. Again, the chaotic condition of all Pseudococcus species and the scattered literature prevented me from working over the species found here. A short time ago while inspecting sugar cane at the H. S. P. A. grounds in company with Mr. O. H. Swezey, I found still another species attacking the sugar cane and I got inter- ested and determined to settle the question if possible. After working over the difi^erent species for a few weeks T came to the following conclusion : The large pink species determined by INIr. Kotinsky as P. calceolariae (Mask.), I determined as P. sacchari (Ckll.). The oblouQ- gray species determined by Mr. Kotinsky as P. sac- chari (Ckll.), T determined as P. saccharifolii Green, and the third species found by Swezey and myself T determined as P. hromeliae (Bouch.) although it would also fit Mr. Kuwana's Pseudococcus ananassae Kuw. of which I have no specimens but a copy of the descri]ition and figures. Tt might prove to be a synonym of P. hromeliae. ISTot being satisfied with my own determinations I sent speci- mens of the three species to Mr. E. E. Green of Ceylon with a request to carefully go over the material. He has done so with the following remarks under date of November 20, 1912 : ''I determine your '^o. 1 as Pseudococcus sacchari (Ckll.). Cock- erell's description of the species is, as you remark, very insuffi- cient. But, so far as it goes, it fits your specimens well enough. Some of your samples show an eighth joint in the antennae, but this extra joint can be seen, in the making, from a trans- verse lacuna in the darker chitin of the normal 4th joint, to a fully developed division. The same variability occurs in the Indian examples that I have identified as sacchari. I have, un- fortunately, no typical examples from Cockerell himself, for comparison. Your ISTo. 2 differs from mj saccharifolii in the following points: its smaller size; the very short 4th joint of antennae ; the group of strong hairs between the antennae ; the longer hairs on the abdomen and the much longer and stronger hairs of the anal ring. In other respects it is very like saccharifolii. It might be described either as a local variety of saccharifolii or as a new species, according to taste. It is certainly not sacchari of Cockerell, nor will it tit cal- ceolariae of Avhich I have typical examples from Maskell him- self. Your Xo. 3 may very well stand as bromeliae (Boucho), l)ut I have no other examples of th3,t species with which to com- pare it. Sigiioret compares bromeliae with adoniduni, and remarks that the marginal tassels of the former are smaller than those of the latter. If, as I believe, Signoret's adonidwm is lon- gispinus of Targioni, this description will fit in with your spec- imens. I have written to Kuwana to ask for examples of his ananassae which is not at present represented in my collection. P. calceolariae is a smaller and proportionately more slender species than sacchari. Moreover, it has normally eight jointed antennae." It is clear that Pseudococcus calceolariae does not occur in the Hawaiian Islands as far as we know. The finding of P. bromeliae on sugar cane does not astonish me at all, as it is a very general feeder, being found on a great variety of garden plants and on the roots of cannas, and is a serious pest to pine- apples. In the discussion following, Mr. Swezey stated that in recently giving more attention to the mealybugs on cane, he had observed all three species in the cane fields of Oahu, Maui and Hawaii. I^sually sacchari was most abundant, sometimes saccharifolii, while bromeliae was usually scarce when found. Mr. Swezey exhibited two sj^ecies of flies that were reared from decaying fruits such as papaia, tomato, etc., and called attention to an article by H. H. Severin in the December, 1912, number of the Journal of Economic Entomology, in which it was stated that specimens bred from decaying bananas had been identified by entomologists of the Bureau of Entomology at AYashington, D. C, as Noto(jramma stigma Fab. and Acrito- chaeta pulvinata Grims. The latter had been going nnder the name CJiarcuh-clla sp. among the local entomologists. FEBRUAPtY Gtji, 191?,. The ninety-first regnlar meeting of the Society was held in the nsnal place, President Mnir in the chair. Other mem- bers present: Messrs. Bryan, Ehrhorn, Fnllaway, Swezey and Warren, and Mr. J. F. Illingworth, visitor. Minntes of previons meeting read and approved. The Committee on Common Xames for Hawaiian Insects, after considerable discnssion, was finally instrncted to present a final report at the next meeting, XOTKS AXD EXHIBITIONS. Ylr. Ehrhorn exhibited six nymphs of C^icadidac which he had recently found in soil amongst roots of plants (Azalea, etc.) imported from Japan. Mr. Mnir exhibited three male specimens of AdoretiLs: one the Japanese rose beetle of the Hawaiian Islands, one from Hongkong, and one from Malay Peninsula. In external char- acters they could not be separated, but their genitalia, which had been dissected out, showed distinct differences, thns indi- cating them to be three different species, and illustrating the difficulty often met with in distinguishing species unless the genital characters are examined. Ylr. Yluir also exhibited specimens of two species of Tricho- grammids recently bred from the eggs of Draeciilacephala mol- lipes. The parasites had been found so abundant that of a few dozen egg-batches of this Jassid found in sedges in the swamps where it lives, no Jassids hatched, all of the eggs being parasit- ized. Mr. Fnllaway had examined these Trichogrammids and pronounced them as belonging to the genera Jassidophthora and ^yest woodella respectively. Mr. Fnllaway exhibited a collection of insects made on Lay- san Island and French Frigate Shoals, Dec. 20-30, 1912. There were about sixty species in all, twelve of them being moths. Mr. Swezey had determined the latter and found two new spe- cies among them: a Nesaniiptis and an Omiodes. Mr. Bryan also exhibited a few Laysan Island insects, col- lected by him in April, 1911. These were mostly the same as those in Mr. Fullaway's collection, with one or two that were different species. Much interest was shown by all members in examining these collections. MAECTI Gtii, 1913. The ninety-second regular meeting- of the Society was held in the usual place, President Muir in the chair. Other mem- bers present : INfessrs. Back, Bryan, Fullaway, Giffard, Swezey and Warren ; and Mr. J. F. Illingworth, visitor. Minutes of previous meeting read and approved. The Committee on Common Names for Hawaiian Insects of Economic Importance presented a list which had been pre- pared. It was voted to accept the report of the committee, and that the list be printed in the next issue of the "Proceedings". Mr. Swezey proposed the name of Mr. J. F. Illingworth for active membership. r<: X To:\r OI.OGICAL program. Mr. Fullaway called attention to Dr. Perkins' description of Trichogramma helocharae in Bulletin Xo. 4, p. 58, Experi- ment Station H. S. P. A., and stated that the Jassid parasite which he had pronounced a J assldo phthora at the previous meet- ing seemed to agree very well with this description. Where- upon Mr. Swezey stated that specimens had been sent to Dr. Perkins for determination, and he had in a recent letter given Trichogramma helocliarae* as the name of the insect in ques- tion. Dr. Perkins had also stated that it should now be placed in the genus J assido phthora, a genus more recently erected by him. Mr, Swezey exhibited the adults, larvae, and their cases of Hyposmocoma saccophora. He had collected quite a number of the slender conical larval cases on rocks in Waimano Gulch a few weeks previously. A number of moths had already * In a later letter, after he had examined further material, Dr. Perkins pronounced this a new species. It was subsequently de- scribed by Mr. Fullaway as JassMnitilwra hiica. See page 22. — Ed. 6 emerged and proved to be a species not previously collected by him, but described in the '*Fanna Hawaiiensis" nnder the above name. Mr. Giffard reported having this day received a cablegram from Dr. Silvestri at Cape Town, to the effect that he had ar- rived there with parasites of the Mediterranean fruitfly; that he would breed them there, then go on to Australia ; breed them there, then finally proceed from there to Honolulu with them. Mr. Giffard was of the opinion that he had obtained these para- sites in South Xigeria, where he had been searching for the Mediterranean fruitfly and parasites. Dr. Silvestri had found Ceratitis capitata at this place, but scarce. He had also found a Chalcidid parasite, specimens of which had been sent to Hono- lulu. In other parts of West Africa where he had been search- ing, he had found Braconids parasitic on various fruitflies. He had found a number of species of fruitfly of the genus Ceratitis in West Africa, but no capitata until he had reached South Nigeria. The new species that he discovered have been worked up and published by Dr. Bezzi, Mr. Muir brought up the statement that an introduced in- sect sometimes drives out a competing insect which has been already present (probably native), and cited Pontia rapae as an example. Pontia protodice having become reduced in the United States after P. rapae had become introduced from Eu- rope. Some discussion of the (piestion followed. APRIL 3kd, 1913. The ninety-third regular meeting of the Society was held in the usual place, Vice-President Giffard in the chair. Other members present : Messrs. Back, Ehrhorn, Fullaway, Swezey and Warren ; and Mr. C. E. Pemberton, visitor. Minutes of previous meeting read and approved. Dr. Back proposed the name of Mr. C. E. Pemberton for active membership. Mr. J. F. Illingworth was elected to active membership. EXTOMOLOGICAL PROCiUAM . Mr. Fullaway gave an interesting account of a tri]) u]) Opacula Gulch in the northwest part of the Koolau Kange, Oahii, March 30tb, 1913. Besides himself, in the party were Messrs. Swezej, Kuhns, Wilder, and Messrs. Willet and Bailey, two men who had recently made a visit to the U. S. Bird Reser- vation at Laysan and Midway Islands. The party had spent the night at Mr. Goodale's mountain house, eight miles np the gnlch, and were able to have a long day in the forest a little farther np the gulch, where fairly good collecting was found and a number of interesting captures were made. Mr. Swezey exhibited some of the results of his collecting on the trip, among them being a new species of Eupelmus with an extremely long ovipositor, and a new Psyllid. Mr. Swezey exhibited specimens and presented the follow- ing list of insects reared from ]\lanienie grass : Insects Reared from Manienie Grass. BY OTTO H. SWEZEY. On ]\rarch 8th a small quantity of grass cut by the lawn- mower on my la\\'ii in Kaimuki was placed in a large battery jar and the following insects have been collected therefrom as they appeared in the upper part of the jar, during a period of about three weeks : 17 Isosomri sp. Its larvae fed in the grass stems. 4 Eupelmus sp. A wingless species, parasitic on the Iso- soma. 2G Encyrtids. An undetermined species. Habits not known. 10 Adelenryrtu.s oduna'^pidis. Parasitic on a Coccid on the grass. 9 Perissopterus sp. Four of them wingless. Probal)ly parasitic on a mealyluig on the grass. 4 PoJynema reduvioli. Parasitic on eggs of Rcduviolus. 3 Cephalonotnia sp. A peculiar Bethylid lacking the usual wing venation. Habits not known. .. 1 Dryinid. Probably parasitic on a Jassid \Plirynomor- plnis liospcs). 2 Ceraphron ahnormls. Probably parasitic on the above Dryinid. 1 Phrynouiorplnis liospes. A Jassid that feeds in the Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc, III, No. 1, September, 1914. 2 Seym nits deb His. Probably fed on mealybii 2 Hypothenemtis eruditiis. 1 Hypothenemiis ruficeps. IS Sericoderus sp. A small Corylophid beetle. 1 Psoeid. :\rAY 1st, 1913. Phe niiiety-fonrtli regular meeting- of the Society was held in the nsnal place. Members present : Messrs. Back, Ehrhorn, Tiling-worth, Ivnhns, Pemberton, Swezey and Warren. In the absence of the President and Vice-President, the Secretary called the meetino' to order and ls\v. Ehrhorn was chosen chair- man of the meeting. ]\rinntes of previous meeting read and approved. ]\rr. C. E. Pemberton was elected to active membership in the Society. Mr. Ehrhorn made some comments on a recent article in An. Ent. Soc. America on the loaning of "type" specimens, and gave some experience he had had in loaning "types" and their not l)eing returned. NOTES AXD EXHIBITIONS. ^fr. Fullaway exhibited a lady-beetle {Azya luteipes Muls.) taken by Mr. Swezey a few days previously on a small avocado tree in the nursery at the Federal Experiment Station. By referring it to Mr. Ehrhorn, it was found to be a species intro- duced from Mexico by Mr. Koebele in 1907. It had been lib- erated at "Ainahau", Waikiki, where its larvae were subse- quently found in 1908 by Dr. Silvestri and Mr. Kotinsky, feed- ing on Lecaninms. IMr. Ehrhorn reported it being found nu- merous at the same place in 1910 by himself and Mr. Kuhns.* Mr. Ehrhorn remarked on the present abundance of Hype- ra-spis jocosa in Manoa Valley and other places. This lady- beetle was also introduced from Mexico by Mr. Koebele in 1907. It feeds on Ortliezia hisignis. It has spread to the tops of the * More recently Mr. Bridwell has taken a specimen at the Govern- ment Nursery on King street. — Ed. inonntains near Honolnln. Mr. Kiihiis reported recently find- ing it on the ridge al)Ove Waipio. Mr. Fnllawaj exhibited specimens of the silk moth, Boni- hyx mori. Mr. Swezey exhibited a Mymarid (Anagnis, probably a new species) bred from eggs of Draeciilacepliala mollipes col- lected April 8th. This makes fonr parasites that have been bred from the eggs of this Jassid in Honolnln, the others being : two undescribed Trichogrammids and Ootetrastichus heatus. Mr. Swezey gave notes on recent observations on Anornala oricntalis, and showed photographs of cane fields that had been severely injured by the larvae of this beetle. He also showed photographs of the beetles clustered on the flowers of Leucaena glauca. He had recently discovered this habit of the beetles, their feeding habits had not previously been known. Mr. Swezey also exhibited three specimens of Dyscritomyia sp. reared from maggots which emerged from a snail {Achat i- nella carta) collected up the Opaeula Gulch far into the moun- tains, March 30th, 1913. Mr. Ehrhorn reported on the roaches accumulating in great numbers in his fumigating room at the wharf during a period of several weeks that it had not been used. jrXE 5th, 1913. The ninety-fifth regular meeting of the Society was held in the usual place, Vice-President Giffard in the chair. Other members present : Messrs. Back, Ehrhorn, Fullaway, Pember- ton, Swezey, Warren, Wilder ; and Dr. Silvestri and Mr. J. C. Bridwell, visitors. Minutes of previous meeting read and ajiproved. Mr. Ehrhorn proposed the name of Mr. J. C. Bridwell for active membership in the Society. exto:mological progra>[. At the request of the chairman. Dr. Silvestri, who had recently arrived with several species of fruitfly parasites from West Africa, gave a brief account of his itinerary with inter- esting incidents and discoveries at the places visited. He took 10 ship at Bordeaux, July 25tb, 1912; called at Teneriflfe on the M-ay ; made investigations in Senegambia, French Gninea, Gold Coast, Nigeria, Kamernn, Congo, and South Angola. At these places he searched for frnitflies and parasites. Found several new species of Ceratifis, and several species of parasites at vari- ous places. He secured his supply of parasites at ISTigeria and brought them via Cape Town and Australia, reaching Hono- lulu May 16th with a large supply of adult parasites. His complete report will be finished on his return to Italy, and in due season it will be issued as a Bulletin from the Board of Agriculture and Forestry of Hawaii. Mr. Ehrhorn exhibited a large fly," Ptedicus sp. which he had reared from decaying substance in the soil of a plant ship- ment from Japan. The fly is related to our Sargus. He also exhibited four specimens of a CryptorhjTichid, bred from seeds of Heritiera littoralis from Manila. Also some specimens of a bug collected by Mr. Hosmer, April, 1913, at Parker Kanch, Kamuela, Hawaii. Mr. Swezey had examined the specimens and considered it either a variety of Nysius lichenicola or a new species of Nysius. Dr. Back mentioned finding Aleyrodithrips fasciapennis on leaves of Morinda, probably feeding on Aleyrodes, and stated that this insect had previously been found only in Barbadoes and Florida. Mr. Ehrhorn reported finding fifteen specimens of Hister himaculatus in stable manure where housefly was breeding at the stable of the Board of Agriculture, May 16th and 18th, 1913. This is a beetle sent from Europe by Mr. Koebele the latter part of 1909. None had yet been taken except a single specimen by Mr. Swezey in December, 1909, at Waialae Dairy. Mr. Swezey exhibited a female Plusia pterylota, recently collected by Mr. Giffard at his bungalow, Kilauea, Hawaii. The only previous record of this species is the description in the Fauna Hawaiiensis from a single male taken by Dr. Perkins in 1900 or 1901, in S. E. Koolau, Oahu. Mr. Swezey stated, however, that Dr. Perkins had informed him in a letter some months ago that some Plusias of his later collecting at Kilauea, and sent to the British Museum, had been pronounced by Hampson as this species. Mr. Giffard's specimen does not quite agree in coloration with the description of the male, but it is undoulitedly the same species. 11 Mr, Swezey also exhibited specimens of a small Chryso- melid beetle of the genus Diachus, which had not previously been noted here. He first fonnd it in a flower head of Leucae-na glauca growing along Makiki stream not far from the Experi- ment Station; later, on May 22nd, more specimens were found in the same place; and May 23rd one specimen was found in the same kind of flower in Honolulu Plantation above Pearl City. From parasitized Aphids recently received from Mr. Muir in Japan, Mr. Swezey reported breeding a Braconid apparently the same as a species of Aphidius which he had reared from Aphids in Illinois in 1910. A few hyperparasites had also emerged which seemed to be the same as a species of PacJiy- crepis reared from Aphidius in Illinois. Mr. Swezey read some extracts from a letter from Dr. Per- kins replying to one in which Mr. Swezey had mentioned the list of Hymenoptera obtained from manienie grass and reported at the April meeting. Dr. Perkins stated in the letter that he had collected all of this list except the Gonatopus and Cera- pliron, and the following others besides, from a certain yard on Bates street, Honolulu, about 1903-4: A second Polynema, Dyscritohaeus, Pseudohaeus, a black Ceraphron, one or two spe- cies of Diapria, Westwoodella hilaris^ Opistliacantha dubiosa, two species of Spalangia, a very abundant wingless and orna- mental Aphelinus. (The latter Mr. Swezey thought probably was Perissopterus as he had wingless specimens of this in his lot.) Later on Sierolamorpha and other things turned up in the same place. This yard was a rich collecting ground on account of the fact that the grass was allowed to grow uncut except as it was occasionally fed ofi^ by a Chinaman's horse. AUGUST Tth, 1913. The ninety-sixth regular meeting of the Society was held in the usual place, Vice-President Giffard in the chair. Other members present: Messrs. Bridwell, Ehrhorn, FuUaway, Kuhns, Swezey and Warren. Minutes of previous meeting read and appro\'ed. Mr. J. C. Bridwell was elected to active membership. 12 The resignation of Mr. C. F, Eckart, who liad moved to Olaa, Hawaii, was presented and accepted. The Secretary announced that Number 5 of Volume II of The Proceedings had been received from the printers and copies sent out in the mails ; also that an index was being prepared for ■Volume II. XOTES AXD EXHIBITIONS Mr. Swezey exhibited a male Flusia pterijlota caught by Mr. Giffard at his bungalow, at Kilauea, Hawaii, July, 1913, which now makes a pair that Mr. Giifard has collected of this beautiful rare moth. The sexes are not exactly alike in color, the male is more ochreous suffused with vermilion red, wdiile the female is more fuscous suffused with vermillion red. Mr. Swezey also exhibited another moth caught by Mr. Gif- fard in the same place and whicli he considers a new species near to Euxoa panoplias. Mr. Swezey also exhibited a specimen of the Mediterranean flour moth which he had caught in his house in Kaimuki, July 29th, the first record of this insect in the Hawaiian Islands. Mr. Swezey further exhibited specimens of a small moth which he had reared from mines in the leaves of a sedge (8rir- pus maritimus) occurring in the Kewalo swamps. It was first noted on May 14th, and again, on July 24th. The species had not yet been determined.* Mr. Giffard related the capturing of a FlagltJiiirysus per- h'msi, a beetle that has seldom been taken. It was observed sitting on the bark of a ''naieo" tree, but flew up quickly on being approached. It was fortunately secured by a quick sweep of the net. Mr. Bridwell reported having observed a female Stomorhina pleuralis deposit an egg-mass in a glass tube. The eggs hatched the next day, and the larvae feeding on the dead adult had become quite large in but three days. Mr. Bridwell also re- ported having reared Hydrotaea from horse manure. Mr. Swezey mentioned having reared Chrysomyza aenea * Later, specimens were sent to Mr. August Busck at the U. S. National Museum for determination. He pronounced it a new species and named it liatrachcdra ciniiciihitor. — Ed. 13 from maii'ii'ots that were verv al)iiH(lant in a maniiro pile at Waialae Dairy. ]\fr. Warren exhibited a Bnprestid beetle with the follow- ing- note : Note on a Buprestid Beetle. On flnly 1, lOlo, a s]>ecinien of a Bnprestid was found in the attic of the office bnilding of the Experiment Station. The beetle wdien discovered was completely wrapped in the silk of a spider and lying on a piece of wa-apping paper wdiich had been placed on top of some shelves about two weeks before. Upon removing the silk, which was densely wound around the beetle, it ^vas found that the legs were still flexible, and the specimen could be mounted withont first relaxing it, the elytra showing no brittleness whatever. Even the antennae were very flexible, however one of them was broken oft" in the act of removing the mass of silk around the head. From this it may be inferred then that the beetle mnst have been entrapped and killed by the spider only a very short time before it was discovered. So far the specimen has not been identified. The tjuestion natnrally is, Where did it come from ? In trying to trace it down in W. S. Blatchley's table of the Coleoptera of Indiana, it failed to agree with any of the descriptions. It may be, since boxes of all kinds from the Orient have been piled in the attic at various times, and since it takes some of the Buprestid larvae from one to three years to obtain their growth, that this speci- men was transported in wooden boxes from some part of the Orient. SEPTEMBER 4tii, 1013. The ninety-seventh regular meeting of the Society was held in the usual place, Vice-President Giffard in the chair. Other members present: Messrs. Back, Bridwell, Bryan, Fullaway and Swezey; and Mr. H. T. Osborn, visitor. Minutes of previous meeting read and approved. Mr. Swezey proposed the name of Mr. H. T. Osborn for active membership. Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc, III, No. 1, September, 1914. 14 ENTOMOLOGICAL PROGKAM. Mr. Swezey exhibited a collection of insects made in July at Palmyra Islands by Messrs. Joseph Rock and Montague Cooke. The collection contained eighteen species, seven of which are known to occur in the Hawaiian Islands. Mr, Ehrhorn exhibited a diminutive specimen of Clytus crinicornis; six specimens of a hitherto undetermined Tene- brionid, black with red spots, collected in decaying wood in ISTuuanu Valley; a specimen of Plusia pterylota reared from a caterpillar found on hollyhock at Mr. Giffard's place at Ki- lauea, Hawaii; a Lepidopterous larva which had been handed to Mr. Kuhns by a doctor who reported it to have been vomited by a patient. This latter caterpillar w'as in good condition and on examination Mr. Swezey thought that it w^as probably Anar- sia liniateUa, and that it had probably been eaten in a plum or peach. Mr. Ehrhorn also reported the finding of ants of the species Technomyrmex albipes in the blossom end of rose apple at Mr. Gartley's in Kuuanu Valley recently. His first record of this ant here was at Maunawili in 1912. Mr. Fullaway exhibited specimens of four species of Spa- langia obtained by himself and Mr. Bridwell in connection with their work of rearing the South African housefly parasite. Two species: cameroni and simplex were described by Dr. Perkins in the Fauna Hawaiiensis. The other two may possibly be undetermined species introduced by Mr. Koebele. Mr. Giffard exhibited a collection of PlagitJimysus taken by himself at Kilauea, Haw^aii, and containing ten out of the twelve species known to exist there. He remarked on the ease Avith which one could collect a series of the species of these beetles by knowing where and how and by purposely going after them. He gave some general remarks about their habits and distribution, particularly in regard to their host trees and the fact that each species is confined to a single island. Mr. Giffard also exhibited specimens of CalUtJimysus koe- helei and C. microgaster from Oahu, both rare species ; and two species of Clytarlus, illustrating generic differences from the other related genera. Mr. Giffard further exhibited specimens of Parandra pnnc- tireps, taken at light at his bungalow, Kilauea, Hawaii. 15 ^Ir. Bryan exhibited a Ilippoboseid fly taken from a sea bird at the island Aloku Mann, also a few other insects, one a Sarcophaga whose pnparia were found nnder rocks, their larvae apparently having lived in the abundant accnnnilation of bird droppings close at hand, lie showed numerous photos taken on his recent trip to this island, and reported collecting six spe- cies of plants, ten species of birds, and 112 s])ecies of marine mollusks. Mr. Bridwell exhibited specimens and reported on the rear- ing of a Sarcophaga from larvae produced by female Hies caught in the laboratory, a very interesting feature in connec- tion with which was the fact that the larvae made cocoons in the sand in which to pupate. It was an undetermined species, commonly known as the red-tailed Sarcophaga. Mr. Terry had reared it on meat in 1910, as shown by specimens in the cabi- nets of the Experiment Station, H. S. P. A., but the habit of making a cocoon had not been noted. Mr. Bridwell also remarked on the abundance of Jlockeria sp. ; and the taking of Chaetospila cl-egans and Cephalonomia hyaHnipeiuiif< in a Chinese store on King street near Kalakaua avenue, being the first record for these two parasites in the Hawaiian Islands. They are supposed to be parasitic on some beetle in stored food products. The former was taken in Guam in 1911 by Mr. Fullaway, and described by him as Spalangia metalUca, but it is now considered the same as the Chaetospila (Cerocephala) elegans described by AVestwood in IST-l. Dr. Back exhibited a Kusai lime, or sour orange, showing a batch of eggs of Ceratitis capitata which had been killed by the oil escaping from the cells of the rind during the process of the e egi^ cavity. Insects from Palmyra Islands. BY OTTO II. SWEZEY. The following insects were collected by Messrs. Joseph Rock and Montague Cooke while_ on an excursion to the Pal- myra Islands with Judge H. E. Cooper, the owner of the islands, July 12th to 28tli, 1913. The party was chiefly en- gaged in the collection of the flora and the sea fauna of the islands and the collection of insects was a secondary matter. The small collectiuii, however, is of great interest, as this is the Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc. Ill, No. 1, September, 1914. 1<) nearest group of islands between the Hawaiian Islands and the Soutli Pacific Islands, being almost in a direct line and nearly half way to Samoa. Of the eighteen species of insects collected, seven species, or over one-third of them, are known in the Ha- waiian Islands ; they are indicated by an asterisk. Hy.menoptera. '"Tetra)iwr'iam (/uineeDse Fab. This ant very abundant. DiPTERA. • ^ Gnatnptopsilopus patellifcr (Thoius.) 11 specimens. 2 species of Ortalidae. 3 specimens of each. 1 known in Honohiln. ^Ilipprlatf's sp. 3 specimens. Le PIDOPTERA. ^ Stagmatophora incertulella (Walk.). The larvae feeding very abundantly in the male inflorescence of Pandanus. COLEOPTERA. 2 species of Oedemeridae. 8 specimens and 14 s])ecimens respectively. *Melanox(mtlnis mcJaiioccphaJtis Tliunb. 1 specimen. A ])rown Elaterid. 5 specimens. A small black Coccinellid. 4 specimens. Cossonid. 1 s])ecimen. Hemiptkra. Halohates wiiUerstorffi Frauenf. 1 s]iecimen taken on the open sea several miles from land. Aphis sp. Orthoptera. ^Aiiisolahls amiurtpes Luc. 7 specimens. PJiisis pcrtliKiia Guer. 11 specimens. 2 species of small crickets. 1 specimen and 15 specimens respectively. 17 OCTOBER !hii, 1913. The postponed niiietv-eiolitli re,i>n]ar iiieeting' of the Society was held in the nsual place, Vice-President Gitfard in the chair. Other members present: Messrs. Bridwell, Fnllaway, Tiling- worth, Osborn, Pemberton, Swezey and Warren. Minutes of previous meeting read and ai)p roved. Mr. IT. T. Osl)oni was elected to active mcudjership in the Society. Mr. Fnllaway reported finding the small ant, Flagiolepis exigua, spread all through JMakiki and on the lower slope of Tantalus. Tt was very abundant at the Government Nursery, often getting into the ant-proof insectary. This ant was first recorded by Mr. Ehrhorn in January, 1912. Mr. Pemberton said that he had observed the same ant abundant* lately in Dr. Back's office on King street. Mr. Bl-idwell related that a process called "sweating" takes place in all Dipterous pupae which have come under his obser- vation in breeding fruitfi,y and hornfiy parasites. He had noticed, hoAvever, a watery liquid exuding from the anus of a freshly formed puparium of a Sarcophaga, and that the freshly formed puparium of Volucella obesa exudes a whitish liquid from the anus. From these observations he inferred that the "sweating" was of a similar nature, occurring only when pupa- ria v^^ere freshly formed. Mr. Fnllaway, in discussing this, stated that at first it was thought that this "sweating", or abundance of moisture tliat occurred when they had puparia in a mass, was an accumula- tion condensed from the air. ]\[r. Bridwell called attention to the pi-eseut abundance of the introduced wasp, Trypoxylon hicolor. Other members cor- roborated in this and Mr. Giffard related having first collected it as early as 1905. 18 A New Species of Oodemas from Laysan Island. BY B. T. FULLAWAY. OorJcma.s Jaysanensis n. sp. Elongate oval, shining, aeneous black, antennae, tropin and tarsi reddish brown. Rostrum fairly long and broad, not widened apically ; dnll, snbrngonsly punctate. Eyes moderate- ly convex. Antennae with the first funicle joint longer and stouter than the 2nd, the latter much narrower basally, 3rd and following joints round, moniliform, club greatly expanded. Pronotum moderately convex, strongly and closely punctured. Elytra conspicuously clothed with short, wdiite setae, the serial punctures remote from one another, the interstices with very conspicuous and numerous fine punctures, the striae towards the apex of elytra deeply impressed. Beneath the metasternum is very coarsely punctured, the abdomen at the base between the hind coxae hardly less coarsely but not so closely, apical seg- ment very finely and closely punctured. Length 4 mm. Described from what is presumably a male s])ecimen. The only other specimen taken has the rostrum con- siderably longer and is presumably a female. Type specimen in Bishop ^Museum. Habitat : Laysan Island. Found under a ])iece of driftwood (ship tim])er) on the beach, Dec, 1912, (Fullaway). Quite a number collected in dead branches of Srncvola l-oenif/ii, April, 1011, (Bryan). Two New Species of Moths from Laysan Island. KV OTTO U. SWEZEY. Nesa))iii)tis laysnnoisis n. sp. Male, female; 22-25 mm. Antennae ochreous, barred with fuscous above. Palpi ochreous, densely sprinkled with dark fuscous; in male short and rounded projecting about the length of head in front, in female elongate projecting three times the length of head in front. Head, thorax and abdomen varying from cinereous, to ochreous and light fuscous. Forewings cine- Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc, III, No. 1, September, 1914. 19 reons or ochreoiis, irrorated or strigiilated with brown or fus- cous or whitish ; first and second lines ochreous, sometimes al- most obsolete, first line strongly curved outwardly, second line sinuate with a slight curve outward before middle and a strong curve inward below vein 2, included median band sometimes wholly and sometimes partially black-edged ; often considerable whitish suffusion beyond second line ; usually a series of black- ish dots beyond second line extending from costa about half way across wdng ; orbicular represented by a black dot ; renif orm by a transverse blackish mark. Hindwings cinereous or pale greyish-fuscous; a faint darker discal mark. Legs cinereous- fuscous. A variable species closely related to N. obsoleta (Butl.), but differing particularly by the first line of forewing being more strongly curved, and the second line strongly sinuate. Hab. — Laysan Island, Dec, 1912, 12 specimens collected from Sporobolus grass (D. T. Fullaway). Omiodes laysanensis n. sp. Female; 19-22 nun. Antennae dark brownish-fuscous. Palpi dark brownish-fuscous, lower half white. Head whitish- ochreous. Thorax ochreous tinged with fuscous on base of pa- tagia and on scutellum. Forewings light fuscous, darker on costa and dorsal portion of median band ; with scattered och- reous scales and a suffusion of ochreous in the cell and on dor- sal half of basal portion before first line; first line whitish, strongly outwardly curved in middle, costal half indistinct or obsolete ; second line w^iite bordered inwardly by dark fuscous, with a wide inward curve below cell; orbicular dot dark fus- cous ; a transverse dark fuscous discal mark. Hindwings light fuscous, basal half much suffused with whitish ; postmedian line white, thick, nearly straight; a dark fuscous discal dot. Abdomen light fuscous, sprinkled mth ochreous, segmental margins white. Legs whitish-cinereous. iSTearly related to 0. demaratalis (Walk.), but differing par- ticularly in being less ochreous, and in the strong sinuation in dorsal half of second line of forewing. Hab. — Laysan Lsland, Dec, 1912; 3 specimens (D. T. Ful- laway) . 20 A List of Laysan Island Insects. BY 1). T. FULLAWAY. This list includes those collected by Mr. G. P. Wilder in 1905 ; those collected by Professor W. A. Bryan in April, 1911; and those collected by myself on my trip to the island in December, 1912. It includes sixty species altogether, the most of which also occur on Oahu and the other large islands of the group. A few have proved to be new species. Lepidoi'tera. 'No. 1, Euxoa (A(/rotis) rronioides (Meyr.). (Fullaway, Bryan). 2, Euxoa (Aqrotis) proccUarls (Mevr. ). (Fullaway, Wilder)! 3, Agrotis dislocata Walk. (Fullaway). 4, Agrotis saucia Hub. (Wilder). 5, Nemmiptis laysanensh Swezey. (Fullaway). 6, Fyyaasta dryadupa Meyr. (Fullaway). T, Hymenia recurvalis (Fab.). (Fullaway, Wilder). 8, Omiodes laysanensis Swezey. (Fullaway). 9, Triclioptilus oxydactylus (Walk.). (Wilder). 10, Crocidosema plehiana Meyr, (Fullaway). 11, Hyposmocoma notahilis V\^a\sm.. (Larval case only, and it had emergence hole of a parasite. Fullaway). 12,*Tineid, undetermined. (Fullaway). 13, Tineid, nndetei-miued. (FullaM-ay). H YME.XOl'TERA. 14, Tctrcniiuriinn guineeiise (Fabr.). (Fullaway, Wilder). 15, MoiionioflKni (/riiciJIinuihi (Sm.). (Fullaway). 16, Moiioinuriuiii )iiinutu))i ]Mayr. (Fullaway). 17, Tapi)H)in(( meJdnocephaJam (Fab.). (Fullaway). 18, Chelonns hJarUmyni Cam. (Fullaway). * A species that occurs in Honolulu, and has recently been deter- mined by Mr. August Busck of the U. S. National Museum as new, and named by him Pctrorhnxi tliiimrplKi. — Ed. Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc, III, No. 1, September. 1914. 21 Id, PhaenopriasTp. (Fiillaway). 20, Tropidopiia sp. (Fullaway). 21, Eupehnus sp. ' (Wilder). 22, Edroma sp. ? Wingless ectromic Encyrtid. (Fulla- way). 23, Myniarid. (Fullaway). COLEOPTERA. 24, DermesUs cadaverinus Fal). (Fullaway). 25, Attageniis plehius Slip. (Bryan). 26, Necrohia rufipes De G. (Fullaway). 27, Alphitohius diaperinus i^anz.). (Fullaway). 28, Tribolium ferrugineum (Fab.). (Fullaway). 29, Macrancylus linearis Lee. (Fullaway). 30, Oodemas laysanensis Fullaway. (Fullaway). 31, Rhyncogonus sp. (Bryan). 32, Calandra oryzae L. (In food stores. Fullaway). 23, Scymnnsloewii Mwh. (Fullaway). 34, Scymnus debilis Lee. (Fullaway). 35, StcpJianoderes sp. (Fullaway). DiPTERA. SQ, LuciliaspJ. (Fullaway). 37, Musca domestica L. (Fullaway). 38, Hydropliorus sp. (Fullaway). 39, Lispesp. ? (Fullaway). 40, Scatella hawaiiensis, var. sex-notata Terry. (Fulla- way) . 41, Tachinid. Undetermined. (Fullaway). 42, Drosopliilid. Undetermined. (Fullaway). 43, Agromyzid. Undetermined. (Fullaway). 44, Phorid. LTndetermined. (Fullaway). Hemiptera. 45, Rcduviohts hlacl-burni (White). (Fullaway). 46, Oronomiris hawaiiensis Kirk. (Fullaway, Scliauins- land). 47, Nysius sp. (Fullaway). 48, Triphleps persequens White. (Fullaway). 0 49, Kelisia paludum Kirk. (Fidlaway). 50, ApJiis sp. (Fullaway). 51, Saisseiia nigra (^STeit.). (Fullaway). 22 52, Pseudococcus sp. (Fullaway). Orthoptera. . 53, Periplaneta americana (L. ). (Fnllaway). 54, Polyzosteria soror Brunn. (Fullaway). 55, Phyllodromia sp. (Fullaway). EUPLEXOPTERA. 56, Anisolahis anriulipes (Luc). (Fullaway). 57, Anisolahis marit'wid (Bon.) ? (Fullaway). Thysanoptera. 58, Thrips. Undetermined. (Fullaway). PSOCOPTERA. 59, Edopsocus fullawayl Enderlein. (Fullaway). GO, Kilaii-eaella sp. (Fullaway). Two New Species of Trichograimnidae. BY D. T. FULLAWAY. Jassidoplitliora lidea n. sp. Lemon yellow, niicroscopically reticulate and roughened, almost opaque. Head large, transverse, more or less subquad- rate ; eyes round, front and cheeks broad, ocelli arranged in an equilateral triangle near the vertex ; lateral members not close to margin of eye. Antennae 9- jointed, inserted on middle of face, scape rather slender, longer than the club, pedicel a tritie shorter and more or less obconic, all the funicle joints trans- verse, the 2nd the largest, club stout and distinctly three-jointed, all the joints outwardly from the scape bearing some stout setae. Pronotum narrow, mesonotum with distinct parapsides, scutellum transverse with a few short, bristly hairs. Abdouien ovate, the lateral margins marked with fuscous. Ovipositor only slightly exserted. Wings twice as long as wide, margiual vein though fairly long not reaching beyond the middle, also greatly thickened and somewhat curved basally away from the costal margin, stigmal vein short and broad, at right angles to the marginal with a short spur on outer face and contained Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc, III, No. 1, September. 1914. 23 in a fuscous cloud wliich reaches half way across the wing bend- ing backwards in the form of an arch. A few bristles on costal margin proximally, the marginal fringe short but somewhat lengthened outwardly and about as long as a fifth of the greatest width of the wing on the posterior margin. Discal ciliation rather closely set, the linear arrangement more or less indis- tinct. Hind wings long and slender with two rows of discal cilia and a short costal and much longer anal fringe. Length about 1 mm, Westiroodella caendocephala n. sp. Lemon yellow, head with a bluish tinge, legs pallid. ]\Iicro- scopically reticulate, moderately shining. Head subquadrate, the face almost vertical, slightly concave, front wide between the eyes, the inner margins of which are almost straight. Ocelli just below the vertex in a small equilateral triangle, occi- put curving gently on to the rather broad cheeks. Antennae •7-jointed, with a distinct ring joint, inserted on the middle of the face; scape long and slender, pedicel shorter and stouter, the single funicle joint as broad as the pedicel and club, about as long as the 1st joint of the latter and more or less obconic; club slightly swollen, nearly as long as the scape and acutely pointed at apex. Pronotum narrow, mesonotum broadly trans- verse, moderately convex, parapsidal furrows indistinct, scu- tellum small, convex. Abdomen short oval, the apex conically produced. Wings slender, with long marginal fringe and indis- tinctly hairy, 5 or 6 lines on the disc outwardly. Marginal vein a trifle shorter than submarginal but reaching middle of wing. There are three large setae and several smaller ones on its outer face. Stigmal vein short and capitate with an acute projection on its apical side and continued in a fuscous cloud almost to middle of wing. Length .8 mm., expanse of wings 1.3.5 mm. ; greatest widtli of fore wing .18 mm. This and the preceding species were bred from eggs of a Jassid (Draeculacephala mollipes) occurring in the swamps at Kewalo, Honolulu. Specimens were submitted to Dr. Perkins for determination, who pronounced them new species in their respective genera and turned them over to the writer for de- scription. 24 NOVEMBER Otii, 1913. The ninetv-nintli regular session of the Society was held in the usual place, Vice-President Giffard in the chair. Other members present: Messrs. Bridwell, Illingworth, Pemberton, Swezey and Warren. Minutes of previous meeting read and approved. ENTOMOLOGICAL PROGRAM. Mr. Bridwell reported having swept from grass under guava bushes at Mr. Gartlej's in Nuuanu Valley, recently, a small Curculionid hitherto unknown in the Islands. He also reported the finding of covered runs of the ant Pheidole megacepJiala on trunks of coffee trees, and also more or less of a similar cover- ing amongst the coffee berries, and asked whether other of the ants here were known to make similar runs. Other members had observed at times these covered runs of Pheidole, but no one had ever observed any of our other species of ants making these runs. Mr. Bridwell exhibited specimens of a Ponerid ant taken by Mr. Giffard that day at Moanalua, probably Ponera Jcala- kauae. Mr. Illingworth reported having observed Pheidole mega- cephala destroying large numbers of the maggots of the house fly in manure piles, or as they were crawling out to enter the ground to pupate ; they were also taking the eggs as they were laid. This w^as followed by a general discussion of the preva- lent conditions under which the house fly and the horn fly are breeding, and their parasites, predators, etc. Mr, Illingworth exhibited a large collection of various orders of insects collected by him while in Fiji during the summer months. Mr. Swezey exhibited eggs of Prognathogryllus alatus in midrib of a leaf of Labordea membranacea, found on Kaumu- ohona Ridge, Oct. 26, 1913. He also exhibited ten specimens of Plagithfuysus darwinianus collected by him on a fallen Sa- pindus tree in a ''kipuka", Kilauea, Hawaii, Sept. 28, 1913. This beetle is supposed to be associated only with the mamani tree, manv of which occurred in the vicinity. 25 Notes on a New Ephydrid Fly. BY A. WARREX. On October 26, as I was walking tlirougli the taro and rice flats about a quarter of a mile Ewa of the Kapahulu Road church, I noticed in a flume, fed by an artesian well some little distance away, what at first appeared to be water bugs. Look- ing closer at these floating black creatures, it was observed that they were flies with undeveloped wings, i. e. being newly hatched. Soon two or three more came floating by, then some specimens with fully expanded wings, then again some more flies with wings not unfolded. The unwetable character of these flies and the still unexpanded wings of some of them, led me to believe that these specimens must breed in the water and that the emerging must take place near by. A little search proved this to be the case. It was found that the larvae of this fly feed upon, or at least in, the green algae coimnon in flumes and fresh water anywhere, as both the larvae and the puparia were found in the algal masses in the flume. A number of puparia were also found hooked to the sides of the flume near the surface of the water. This fly was traced down in S. W. Willistons tables found in his book, ''The North American Diptera", to the genus Ily- thea of the family Ephydridae. IS^o record could be found of any species of this genus being found here. It is no doubt one of the many species of flies of these islands not yet described. Larva.— The larva is a slender, footless grub, ending pos- teriorly in a fork, the branches being about 1 mm. long. At the end of either branch is a whorl of four chitinous hooks. The length of the larva is about Gi/o mm. long by % mm. wide. PuPARiuM. — As the puparium is the last larval skin, the pupal stage also possesses the hooked caudal branches. The puparium in general appearance, not including the caudal branches is roughly scalloped, or segmented, and spindle- shaped. The color is dark brown. Length, exclusive of caudal appendages, about 5 mm. ; greatest width, about ly^ mm. AouLT. — Xo further description will be given of the adult form until more is learned about this species. Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc, III, No. 1, September, 1914. 26 DECEMBER ISth, 1913. The one huiidredtli regular and ninth annnal meeting of the Society was held in the usual place, Vice-President Giffard in the chair. Other members present : Messrs. Bridwell, Ehr- horn, Illingworth, Pemberton, Swezey and Warren. Minutes of previous meeting read and approved. Reports of the Secretary-Treasurer were read and voted to be placed on file. Election of officers for 1914 resulted as follows: President Otto H. Swezey Vice-President W. M. Giffard Secretary-Treasurer J. C. Bridwell Appointed as Editor of the Proceedings — Otto H. Swezey. notes and exhibitions. Mr. Giffard exhibited a cabinet drawer of Hawaiian Crab- ronids, collected by him on the several islands of the group. All the described species, numbering eighteen, were represented in the collection. There were large series of both sexes in the majority of the species exhibited, many of the latter showing the extreme as well as intermediate variations of color in cer- tain of the groups. Among the collection were exhibited male specimens of what may later be determined as a new species of the genus Melai\ocrahro, from Kauai. Mr. Giffard also re- ported having lately captured several specimens of varieties of Xenocrabro distinctus and Nesocrabro compactus on the lava flows of Kau, Hawaii, at an elevation of approximately 2,000 feet. The first species is recorded from Oahu only, whilst the latter only from Kauai and Lanai. Xeither has been previously recorded from the Island of Hawaii, where* they are certainly not common. Mr. Bridwell exhibited specimens of the larvae of the cab- bage butterfly collected in Kalihi Valley, apparently showing the ''flacherie" disease. He was in search of Pteromalus pu- parum., which was liberated in large numbers in 1910 by Mr. Ehrhorn and has never yet been recovered. ]\lr. Swezey exhibited a fine specimen of Buprestis auru- lenta Linn., talcen by Mr. Speare of the Experiment Station 27 staff, on his jiarlor table at his house on Prospect street, Hono- lulu. Mr. Ehrhorn suggested that it had probably bred out of imported lumber from the Pacific Coast of the United States. Mr. Swezey also exhibited a single winged specimen of a very peculiar ant which he had taken on his desk at the Experi- ment Station, 'Nov. 17, 1913. It had probably flown in at a nearby window. Mr. Bridwell had examined it and traced it to Epitritus, or some other closely related genus to Strumigenys, these being ants with quite peculiar characters. The specimen ^\\\\ be sent to Dr. W. M. Wheeler for positive determination. Mr. Swezey further exhibited specimens of Coptotennes sp., a species of termite not hitherto recorded in the Hawaiian Isl- ands, and belonging to a genus several species of which occur in the Orient and in Australia. He had collected his specimens from the floor timbers of the Kamehameha Chapel, Dec. 5th, where they had been doing very destructive work, and had evi- dently been at it for a considerable time. They apparently had gained access to the woodwork by building mud-covered runs up the surface of the stone wall from the ground beneath the floor, a habit not observed in the other two species of termites recorded for Hawaii. This termite is quite distinct from these other species in its smaller size, and in the soldier possessing a round hole in the front of the head above the clypeus, from which it can emit a milky fluid. In the Fauna Hawaiiensis, Dr. Perkins stated that there were other termites in Honolulu besides the two species named. It may be possible that this species of Coptotermes is widely distributed here. A lookout should be kept for it and especially for the winged forms, which were not present in the colony in the Kamehameha Chapel. 28 PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS BY F. MUIR. This meeting brings to a close the ninth year of our So- ciety. The first meeting was held December 15th, 1904; since then we have held 100 meetings. During this period we have published two volumes, consisting in all of 521 pages and 11 plates, as well as many text figures. At no time has our mem- bership been greater than -40, and then many are patrons rather than members, whose generosity enable us to publish our "Pro- ceedings". Besides the many papers dealing with our local in- sect fauna, which wdll be invaluable to future entomologists in these Islands, we have published descriptions of many new spe- cies from other j)laces in the Pacific. The results may appear small when compared with those of some of the larger Societies on the mainland ; but when we consider the small, isolated com- munity from which we have to draw our members, I think you will all agree with me in looking upon the achievements of our little Society as fully justifying its existence. Nor does this represent the entire activity of our members, for, apart from professional work, which is published by the respective Bureau or Station of the members, several of our members have pub- lished extensively elsewhere. I do not make these remarks in a spirit of vainglory, but simply because pessimism will ofttimes attack our hearts, and we wonder if all the trouble of keeping our Society in existence is in a worthy cause. Well, gentlemen, I consider anything that brings us together to discuss the science which we are devoted to, and enables us to place on record our observations and opin- ions, is well worth the time and trouble expended upon it. Several of our active members are professional Entomolo- gists whose energies are directed to the study of the economic aspect of our science. Although it is not within the scope of our Society to deal with such questions from a practical point of view, yet so many of these questions are so bound up with questions of biology and evolution, that we must consider them together. The work which has attracted the greatest attention in our Islands, but not the only work undertaken, as some, unacquaint- ed with our Islands, maintain, is the use of natural enemies to control insect pests. In this w^ork there is a good example of Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc, III, No. 1, September, 1914. 29 the dependency of ''economic" upon ''scientific" entomology. In attacking a problem from this point of view, the first thing to be done is to correctly identify the species of the pest in ques- tion, to study its geographical distribution, and to judge of the most likely locality for its original habitat. Thus we are de- pendent upon the work of the systematist, and require his very best wm-k. Had a wrong determination been acted upon in the case oPPefAnsiella saccharicida, Messrs. Perkins and Koebele might have proceeded to some other part of the world from which they did, and their efforts might not have been crowned with the success that they were. Another case, now historic, which will demonstrate this point, is that of Ceratitis capitata. Several entomologists searched in various parts of the world for natural enemies of this world-wide pest, and it was given out by more than one that none existed ; not one of them visited that region which the study of the systematic position of the insect, and the geograph- ical distribution of the genus, indicated to be its natural habi- tat. The fact that both Xorth and South Africa suffered from the ravages of this fly turned people's attention away from any other portion of that continent; the presence of natural land barriers between these two places and Central West Africa be- ing forgotten. Mr. W. M. Giffard, when organizing the expe- dition last year, on behalf of the Board of Agriculture and Forestry, took these facts into consideration, and we know the success attending Professor Silvestri's researches. The time is now passed for discussing the value of parasites in controlling insect pests, or whether parasites do control the increase of their hosts; success has demonstrated that, under certain conditions, the value of parasites is very great. That all cases of insect ravages cannot be controlled by this means is best recognized by those engaged in such work. That this method cannot be greatly extended is due to our ignorance, and we shall never attain to the success possible until our knowledge of m- sect biology, systematics and geographical distribution is very much greater than it is at present. It would be easy to state cases where wrong identifications have made the center of dis- tribution of a genus appear to be in one hemisphere whilst, in truth, it is in the other. These considerations show how "practical" entomologists are dependent upon the work of their ''scientific" brethren, and how they require the very best work that can be given them. 1/ 30 But the debt is not all on one side. When the ''economic" ento- mologist has discovered the chief death-factors of an insect, and, by introducing them into another region produces the same con- dition as exists in the original habitat, the evolutionist must take these facts into consideration, and not place the whole bur- den of the struggle for existence upon some more conspicuous, but less-important, factors. The investigation of the various death factors which make up the struggle for existence of a species, and the transportation of certain of them to a new locality, iiaturally leads one to con- sider what part in natural selection they play. It is in the hope of turning attention towards certain aspects of these com- plex problems that I bring before you the following notes on : The Effect of Parasitism on the Struggle for Existence and Natural Selection. Darwin laid great stress upon the severe competition among closely allied organisms. These animals, living under the same conditions, and upon the same food, are brought into closer com- petition than those having diiferent habitats and food. Among the higher animals an active, physical struggle is presumed to take place, while among the lower animals this struggle is pre- sumed to be passive. Among phytophagous insects it is difficult to follow all the stages of this competition, for there is never a direct struggle, and only on rare occasions, and as an abnormal phenomenon, is there a shortage of food which causes a direct competition. The phenomenon familiar to every field entomologist, of two or more closely allied species of equal fertility, and living under similar conditions, standing in vastly different numerical ratio to one another, is bound up with this question of competi- tion. If we study these allied species separately it is very diffi- cult to find a reason for this numerical difference ; but if they be studied as a group then the cumulative effect of the various death factors acting upon them, some of which, taken separately, may appear insigiiificant, may appear as a sufficient reason. An allied phenomenon, of an introduced insect supplanting a native allied species, of which Pieris rapae in Canada is a good example, is also connected with the same question of the struggle for existence. In some such cases it is possible that the intruder upsets the balance of parasitism, and thus brings about the reduction or extermination of the native species. 31 In the following examples the figures are imaginary for the sake of convenienc, and should be considered as proportions rather than individuals; but the original observations and de- ductions that led to them were made on a genus of Delphacidae {Perhinsiella) during four years' observations, extending over the Western and Southern Pacific, My own observations, added to those of Messrs. Perkins and Koebele, have shown that the main death factors working upon the genus in China, Java, Borneo, the Moluccas, N^ew Guinea, Australia and Fiji are similar ; yet in those regions in which two or more species exist side by side there is often a great difference in the propor- tional numbers of the species. As my observations have been confined to tropical countries, where insects breed during the whole year, I have left out of consideration the effect of climate. Hyperparasitism has been left out of consideration, as it only complicates the ultimate re- sults and shifts the question back a stage ; fungus and other diseases have also been ignored, as they only retard, but do not alter, the final results. "Constant" Xumbeb. One of the facts upon which J^atural Selection is based is the constant number of a species within a certain period and area. During the period the number may rise and fall, but eventually returns to the normal. The period between the two minimum points may comprise only one generation ; in this case the eggs are the most numerous, the larvae less numerous, the pupae still less and the fertile imagoes least of all. Or the period between the minimum points may embrace several gen- erations, in which case the host will increase until it appears likely to become a pest, then it suddenly drops off. In Diagram I, I have shown the results of an imaginary case in which the numbers are kept low for convenience. The curve A represents the increase of a host-insect that produces four young, the sexes being in equal numbers. At the eighth generation, if nothing interferes, it will number 512 individ- uals. Curve B represents the increase of a parasite which also lays four eggs, the sexes being in equal proportion, and each yovmg causes the death of one immature host ; it will therefore have a curve similar to A. We will consider that it appears upon the scene at the fourth generation of the host ; curve C 32 DIAGRAM I. 'TOO >^ r, B, /I / 1 400 / / / 1 / / / 1 i C500 1 1 MUi- / 1 1 1 \ \ / 1 f / ' !' \ 1 Fon / ^F / / / / r 1 1 / aI 1 / •' !/ 1 ' / i ^ /oo 1 / / ' / // / y) T'. Ishidae sp. n. ( ? ). Dark fuscous brown; legs, labium (except tip) and antennae yel- lowish, hind femora fuscous, a white, waxy secretion over head, thorax and tegmina. Tegmina dark brown with brown veins, a yellow patch along costa from base of radia to end of costal cell; wings fuscous, veins dark. Last ventral abdominal plate large, swollen across the middle, the posterior process in side view at right angles to the swollen median portion; posterior edge produced into a flat, subangular, process with rounded apex, its length slightly less than its width at base; anal segment small, slightly longer than wide, subquadrate, apex truncate. Length 2.5 mm. ; tegmen 4.5 mm. Hab. Daimokko, Formosa, on sugar eane (M. Isliida). (4) v. makii sp. n. ( <5 ). Light reddish brown; legs and ventral surface yellowish, dorsal surface, especially of abdomen, fuscous, a round black spot on pleura, keels of face and vertex slightly fuscous; tegmina very light brown, veins slightly darker; wings light fuscous, veins darker. Ventral edge of pygophor truncate or very slightly rounded, lateral edges roundly produced; length of anal segment slightly more than twice the breadth, subparallel-sided, apex truncate, anus a little be- fore middle, lateral edges produced into a fine, downward-pointing spine about middle; styles reaching to end of anal segment, edges even, subparallel, slightly curved upward, apex pointed and turned inward, a rounded process on inner side near base. Length 3. mm. ; tegmen 5. mm. Ilab. ITorisha, May (M. Maki). (5) T'. ol-adae sp. n. { $ ? ). ^ , stramineous to light brown; darker down each side of scu- tellum, a round black spot on pleura; abdomen fuscous, especially the male. Tegmina fuscous brown with lighter hyaline spot on costa at end of costal cell; wings fuscous, veins dark. Ventral edge of pygophor truncate, lateral edges angularly pro- duced, each side of anal segment; anal segment large, length three times the breadth, anus slightly before middle, sides subparallel, apex drawn to a small point; styles large, reaching beyond anal segment, widest about middle, upper edge nearly straight, lower edge curved outward about middle, apex slightly emarginate, two small protuber- ances on inner surface near base and a small curved spine near them. The shape of these styles is very near to T. hiiaUna, but the 46 apices are not so broad and the protuberances on inner surface differ. 5 , Medio-ventral portion of last ventral abdominal plate swollen, ventral edge produced in middle, on left side edge of production even, right side angular at base, apex rounded; anal segment small, as wide as long, apex rounded, anus in middle, Length 3.5 inni. ; tegmen 5 mm. Hab. Japan ; Kamaknra, September, common on oak ; Okitsu, October, on oak. I name this species after Mr. Okada, from whom I received the first specimen. (G) T^. umbripennis sp. n. ( <5 ). Light reddish brown; tip of labium and round spot on pleura black, a dark brown mark over each side of scutellum, abdomen fus- cous, hind margin of ventral plates yellowish. Tegmina fuscous brown, a small lighter hyaline spot on costa at end of costal cell, veins darker; wings fuscous, veins dark. Ventral edge of pygophor truncate, lateral edges angularly pro- duced, apex pointed; anal segment large, length more than twice the breadth, a small projection in middle of base, apex slightly emargi- nate, sides sub-parallel, anus about middle; styles large, reaching be- yond anal segment, widest about middle, upper edge straight till near apex where it curves upward, lower edge convex, turned upward near tip, apex deeply emarginate; two rounded processes on inner surface near base. Length 3.5 mm. ; tegmen 5.5 mm. Hab. Horisha, Formosa, May (M. Maki) ; December (F. Mnir). Devadanda. (1) D. perplc.va sp. n. (S). The antennae of this species differs somewhat from the de- scription and figure of the type of this genns. The first joint is very small, second joint consisting of two portions, a small sub-globose portion, from which the arista arises, and from the base of this a longer, cylindrical, portion bearing long, narrow ''scales" or ''sense organs" irregular in position. Face in pro- file not produced so much as in D. pectinata. Edge of vertex and face black, a black mark from eye to edge of face, rest of face and vertex transparent; clypeus, pronotum, scu- 47 tellum, abdomen and femora black tinged with red, especially on abdomen; labium, tibiae and tarsi yellow. Tegmina brown with red veins; a white mark across middle of costal cell; median, radial and subcostal apical veins lighter red and bordered with white, an irreg- ular triangular dark mark on base of first and second apical and median cells; wings brown, veins dark. Ventral edge of pygophor truncate, lateral edges slightly and roundly produced; anal segment large and broad, narrowed slightly toward the truncate apex, ventral surface excavate, anus near apex; genital styles extending slightly beyond anal segment, narrow, apices rounded, in ventral view the middle of the inner edge produced into a small point, which on the inner surface stands up as a small flat- tened process. Length 2.5 nmi. ; teginen 4 mm. Hab. Horisha; Klappan, December (F. ^luir). Nesokaha. (1) N. infuscata sp. n. { $ 9 ). In profile the angle at junction of vertex and face nearly obliterated. Light yellow; keels on face and vertex tinged with brown, a brown mark from back of eye over the sides of pronotum and scutellum, tegulae dark brown, abdomen and genitalia brownish. Tegmen brown, veins red, apical half of subcostal cell, second and third median apical cells, the greater portion of clavus and between the cubital veins, yel- lowish. In the female the yellow is more extensive, spreading from clavus into cubital, median and radial cells; wings brown, veins dark. Ventral edge of pygophor truncate, thickened; lateral edges very slightly and angularly produced; anal segment large, long, straight- sided, narrowing slightly towards apex where each corner is produced into a downward-turned point, anus at apex, ventral surface excavate; styles large, as long as anal segment, apices drawn out into upward turned point, in ventral view outer edges nearly straight to near tip where it curves, inner edge produced into a broad spine slightly be- yond middle. Last ventral abdominal plate produced angularly in middle, com- pressed laterally so that it appears longitudinally ridged; anal seg- ment very short, apex truncate, each corner being produced into a small point. Length 3. mm. ; tegmen 5.5 mm. Hab. Horisha, Formosa, December (F. Muir). 48 Kamendaka. Nicertoldes Matsnnuira, Schad, imd Niitzl. Insee. Zucker. Formosa, p. 14, 1910. Mr. W. L. Distant lias kindly compared ^Y. mccliarirom with the type of Kamendala and informs me that he cannot separate these two genera. (1) K. saccltarirora (Mats.). jj Pygophor laterally compressed; ventral edge produced into a long, pointed, median process about half the length of genital styles; lateral edges slightly rounded; anal segment nearly as long as genital styles, narrow, sides straight, slightly converging towards apex, anus near apex, apex rounded; genital styles large, broadest about middle, upper edge straight, lower edge convex^ apex turned inward and up- ward slightly. 5 Last abdominal ventral plate producd angularly in middle. NiCERTA, (1) N. flexHosa (Uhler). Otiocerus flcxuosus Uhler. This species has the median sectors in apical third of teg- men, the first cnbital joining second, enclosing second cnbital cell, therefore it comes into the Nicerta gronp and, except for the more flattened antennae, is congeneric with N. cnicnta. In Mr. Nitobe's collection there is a damaged male from Mt. Ari near to this species bnt qnite distinct. Mysidioides Mats. Neocydometopnin Mnir. II. S. P. A. Bnll. Ent. 12, p. 61, 1913. This genns is near Herona.r. In female specimens of M. sapporensis the vertex is narrow bnt trnncate at apex, a slight keel divides the vertex from face ; in the male the keels of face meet at base, making the apex of vertex angular as in Neocyclo- metopum; the difference in the antennae of N. sordidum is not snificient to establish a genns on. (1) M. ariensis sp. n. ( nieii 15. mm. Hab. Mt. Ari, October (I. Xitobe). Type in Mr. Xitobe's collection. (2) Z. pteropJi oroides (Westw.) (9). The male of this may show it to l)e specitically distinct from the Indian species. Hab. Mt. Ari, Octolier (T. Xitobe). Pakaprqutista. (1) p. variegata sp. n. {$ 9 ). Antennae about as long as face; six median sectors, third furcate; hind tibia with apical, median and basal spines. Straw color tinged with green; tip of labium, apex of clypeus, dorsal and lateral portion of abdomen and front and middle tarsi fus- cous. Tegmina hyaline, subcosta and radia veins yellowish, others mostly white; four or five small reddish spots at end of the trans- costal veins; a fuscous spot on hind margin at the end of each vein; the transverse veins between sectors fuscous; a fuscous mark through end of radial cell, along the middle of fourth sector and the bifurcation of third sector, forming an irregular V mark; infuscate in cubital and middle of radial cell; wings hyaline with brown veins. $ , Ventral and lateral edge of pygophor truncate; anal segment medium size, broadly round at apex, anus near apex, widest just before anus, ventral surface excavate; styles short and broad, irreg- ularly rounded, a small angular emargination on lower edge near apex, and a small outwardly turned spine on upper edge near base. In female anal segment very short, sunk into preceding segment, from below arises a pair of curved spines with upward-turned apices; styles abortive. Lenji'th -'>. mm. ; tes^nen 8. mm. Hab. Horisha and Mt. Ari; May (M. Maki) ; October (I. Xitobe); December (F. Mnir). Rhotana. (1) E. unimaculata sp. n. ( $ ). Stramineous, fuscous over pleurae of abdomen. Tegmina vitreus; veins yellow spreading into cells, especially over cross-veins; a fus- cous mark through middle and another at apex of costal cell; slightly fuscous over cubital and third and fourth median apical cells, an irreg- ular round, black mark on hind margin between cubital veins; wings white, veins yellowish, a round, black mark on apical margin with black over apical vein anterior to it. Pygophor laterally compressed; ventral margin truncate, lateral margins acutely angularly produced; anal segment short, anus at apex; styles lanceolate, apex slightly rounded, lower edge more con- vex than upper, reaching beyond angular production of lateral edges of pygophor. Length 3. imn. ; teginen 6. mm. Hab. Mt. Ari; October (I. Nitobe). Mecy>"orhynchus. (1) M. stramineus sp. n. ( iploptera dy ciscoiues 152 Elaeoptera lineata 161 nitida 161 Eleutheroda dytiscoides 138 feeding' on algaroba . . . .145 protection against 56 Buconocephalus australis 159 lineatipes 159 Furnia incerta 162 insularis 162 malaya 162 Graeffea coccophagus 154 lifuensis 154 minor 155 purpuripennis 154 Gryllacris dubia 158 ferruginea 150 Gryllotalpa africana 162, 380 orientalis 162 Gryllus oceanicus 163 pacif icus 459 Hermarchus appolonius 155 differens 155 inermls 156 novae-britanniae 156 pythonius 155 virga 155 Heterotrypus tripartitus 165 Hexacentris australis 160 Hierodula fuscescens 156 Holocompsa fulva 254 Hydropedeticus vitiensis 165 Ityocephala nigrostrigata 162 Labidura riparia 168 Leucophaea surinamensis 136 killed by Pheidole 85 Locusta australls 157 Megacranla phelans 154 Metioche insularis 164 Mnesibulus bicolor 165 Morisimus oceanicus 160 Nauphoeta bivittata 138 killed by Pheidole 85 Nemobius luzonicus 163 Nisyrus amphibius 154 carlottae 154 dipneus.icus 153 spinulosus 153 Ocica lutescens 161 Oecanthus lineatus 164 rufescens 164 Oedipoda liturata 157 Ornebius novarae 163 Panchlora viridis 137 Paratenodera sinensis 98 Paratettix *feejeeanus 157 pullus 157 Periplaneta americana 22, 152, 374 australasiae 152, 375 orientalis as medicine. .113 Phisis echinata 160 pectinata 16 rapax 160 Phyllodromia bivittata 149 germanica 149 hieroglynhica 138 hospes 138 oviposition of 139 notulata 153 rufescens 150 suppellectilum 149 vitrea 148 Podacanthus typhon 155 Polyzosteria soror 22, 113 Prognathogryllus alatus 24 Pterobrimus depressus 152 Rhyparobia maderae 13 7, 138, 254 life cycle 145 Salomona antennata 159 brongniarti 159 Stylopyga rhombifolia 151 Temnopteryx *ferruginea 150 Thyrsus tiaratus 156 Trigonidium flavipes 164 Xiphidion affine 160 modestum 159 NEUROFTEBA Aeschna cyanea, fasting of... 82 Agrion puella 82 Anax Junius 295, 384 food of 72 Chrysopa microphya 267, 400 Coniocompsa vesiculigera. . .86, 98 Coptotermes 27 at light 64 in sugar cane 390 Ectopsocus fullawayi 22 Hemerobiid, wingless 283 Pantala flavescens 72, 384 food of 74 life history of 80 Psychopsis newmani 259 Trimera lacerta 384 THYSANOPTE3A Aleyrodithrijjs fasciapennis . . . 10 Chirothrips 60 Euthrips hawaiiensis 60 Thrips on onions CO SIPHONOFTEBA Echidnophaga galhnacea 252 Hen fleas on sparrow's nest.. 288 Xestopsylla gallinacea killed by ants 113 GENEBAI. Absence of groups of insects from Hawaii 199 Acetic ether for relaxing 269 Ag-rotis ypsilon taken at sea.. 145 Air-borne insects on moun- tains 58 Alohini, origin of Hawaiian. . .200 Anarsia linatella vomited by person 14 Armadillo albospinosus 383 Bees destructive to hardwood. 140 Beetles in alfalfa meal 281 Carboniferous age and insects of Hawaii 199 Catorama mexicana in sealed chocolate tin 145 Ceratitis capitata parasitized by Opius humilis 83 parasites of 6 eggs killed in sour orange 15 Chinese thrush, food of.. 142, 260 Chrysidid 284 Cockroaches, as medicine 112 regeneration in 266 Competition among insects.... 6 Constant number, natural se- lection 31 Coptotermes in Capitol band- stand 55 in Kamehameha chapel. 27 Crabro, new species of 115 Cranefly, leaf-mining 87 Cryptorhynchus mangiferae on Kauai 84 Death factors 203 and allied species 3 4 Derbidae, new and little known 116 Dermestes cadaverinus, life history 255 Dictyophorodelphax mirabilis, notes on 279 Dipterous pupae "sweating".. 17 Dragon-flies and their food. . . 72 Dyscritomyia from Achatinel- la curta 9 Egg parasites of corn-hopper. .286 Elevation and distribution. ... 284 Euphorbia, insect fauna of.... 385 Evidence of land movements. . 141 Evolution, factors in 203 in Delphacidae 205 Fiji, insects collected in 24 Pood storage and insects 506 French Frigate Shoals, insects from 98 Frog-hoppers, utility of "spit- tle" of 40 Fruit-fly parasites, spread of. 90 Hawaii oceanic or continent- al 198 Hawaiian insects, scarcity of.. 144 Hen-flea 252 Pheidolemegacephala at- tacking 252 oviposition 253 Heteropoda regia, fasting. ... 273 Hippoboscid from Bird Island. 273 Hymenopterous parasites of Lepidoptera 99 Hyperparasites of white-grubs 71 Hypoderma lineata destroyed by ants 113 Immigrant insects supplant- ing endemic species. ... 36 Insects caught from an auto- mobile 227 Insects from Manienie grass.. 7 from crater of Mauna Loa 285 Isolation 40, 205 Laboulbenia, Hawaiian hosts of 110 Lamarkian factors 208 Laysan Island, list of insects from 4, 5. 20 Mango blight 384 Mango weevil 143 Mauna Loa insects 295 Melon-fly, spraying for.... 84, 85 Mendelism 208 Mites on potatoes 384, 391 New Hawaiian Delphacidae. . .298 New moths from Laysan Isl- and 18 New bird from Nihoe 142 Natural selection 203 Nyctalemon patroclus caught at sea 144 Omiodes blackburni destroyed by Pheidole megacepha- la 142 (^odemas from Laysan Island. 18 Orthogenesis 208 Orthopteroid insects of Fiji... 148 Palaeohemiptera 199 Palmyra Islands, insects from 14, 15 Parafin for corlv in store boxes 110 Paragorgopsis breeding in co- conuts 70 Parallel development 316 Parasites controlling insects pests 29 Parasitism and natural selec- tion 30 Passer doinesticus 414 xii Pediculoides ventricosus 488 Peregrine bethylld .notes on.. 276 Perkinsiella, phallic characters of species of 3fl Permian age and Hawaiian in- sects 199 Phallic differentiation 298 Pheidole megacephala, econo- mic aspects of 349 Potato mites 384, 391 Potter, Annual Address 459 Predators, action of 34 Prickly pear in Australia 59 Proterhinus, utility of specific characters 3 8 Protohemiptera 199 Pyrops, elongated head of 39 Ratio of host and parasite. ... 33 Roaches, stridulation of 138 disagreeable odor of.... 138 notes on Hawaiian 136 Sitodrepa panicea in curry powder 143 Smilax insects 276 Specific characters and mor- tality 38 Telespiza ultima 142, 273 Ti, insects on 389 Types, loaning of 8 of some Hawaiian Lepi- doptera 296 disposition of Hawaiian. 290 Tyroglyphus longior infesting flour 224 Variation, causes of 209 Xystrocera globosa, destroyed by ants 113 Zoraida, invagination of face of 132 IMMIGRANT INSECTS Acythopeus sp., first record.. 83 Adrapsa manifesta^.s 68 Amorbia emigratella 69 Anthicid, first record 398 Anthribid, first record 273 Apanteles sp 108 Aphid on Araucaria, first rec- ord 267 Argentine ant, first record... 289 Aspidiotus bartii, first record 60 Azya luteipes 8, 144 Batrachedra cuniculator 69 rileyi 69 Blapstinus, first record 373 Brachymyrmex, first record... 84 Bracon sp., first record 109 omiodivorum 108 Bruchid in palm .seeds 142 Bruchus pruininus, first rec- ord 398 Bruchus sp., firsi record 471 Buprestid, first record 13 Buprestis aurulenta, first rec- ord of 26 Caradrina reclusa 68 Cephalonomia hyalinipennis, first record 15 sp., first record 260 Cerambycid ex papaia leaves, first record 3&8 Chaetospila elegans, first rec- ord 15 Charitopodinus swezeyi 486 Chrysidid, first record 71 Chrysomyia dux, first record. 272 Coniocompsa vesicullgera, first record 86 Coptotermes sp., first record.. 27 Corcyra cephalonica 68 Cremastobombycia lantanella. 69 Cremastus hymeniae 145 Crocidosema lantana 69 Cryptoblabes allena 68 Cryptorhynchid from seed of Heritiera littoralis 10 Cryptorhynchus in rotten wood, first record 382 Cyane terpsichorella 69 Diachasma tryoni 85 Diachus auratus 288 Diaeretus chenopodiaphidis, first record 401, 402 Ephedras incompletus, first record 63, 401, 402 Ephestia kuhniella 68 Epyris sp., first record 222 Ereunetis penicillata 69 Gonatocerus mexicanus, first record 146 Heterospilus prosopidis, first record 398 Hister bimacuiatus 10 Holocompsa fulva, first rec- ord 254 Hormiopterus sp., first rec- ord 399, 402 Hyperaspis jocosa 8 Isosoma orchidearum, first rec- ord 70 Lepidoptera, introduced 68 Lucilia sericata, first record.. 273 dux, first record 267 Mediterranean flour moth, first record 12 Megachile sp., first record ... .399 Myelois ceratoniae 68 Oecia macula ta 147 Ophyra nigra, first record .... 272 Opius huiiiilis Opog-ona apicalis purpuriella Pachyneuron siphonophorae, syrphi, first records.... Paragorgopsis, first record.... Paraleptomastix abnormis Plagiolepis exig-ua, spread of. . Platyptilia lantana Pontia rapae Ptecticus Scholastes blmaculatus, first record Sciapus pachygyna, first rec- ord Scleroderma immigrans, first record Sitotroga cerealella Spermophagus sp., first rec- ord Strumigenys lewisi, first rec- oru Technomyrmex albipes 14, Tenebroides nana, first record. Thecla agra . . ; echion Throscus sp., first record Tineola uterella, first record.. Triatoma rubrofasciata Trypoxylon bicolor sp., first record 86, FI.ANT INDEX Abrus precatorius 4f»8, Acacia decurrens 470, farnesiana 56, 379, 477, 483, 497. koa 140, 186, 187, 204, 237, 241, 342, 343, 345, 410, 411, 469, mollissima 470, Acuan illinoensis Adenanthra pavonina Agapanthus Albizzia lebbex saponaria 469, Algaroba Prosopis .iuliflora.. Amorpha f ruticosa Anona cherimolia 410, Angophora 259, Antidesma 409, platyphyllum 300, 301, 340, 341. Arachis hypogea 469, 470, 498, Araucaria 235, Areca lutescens Argyroxiphium sandwicense. . 344. Artemisia australis 342, 502 267 246 345 345 Asplenium Icaulfussii 60 Astelia veratroides 58, 237, 242, 283, 307. 344, 345 Azalea 4 Bamboo 125, 236 Banana 236, 269, 285, 388 Bauhinia nionandra. . 477, 496. 505 tomentosa 477. 496. 505 Baumea. Delphacid on 389 Bean, adsul. 1!M:{. nrdcllld iiiillsiiicnifllii S\\. rroc. li.iw. I'Jil. Snc. II. 1, p. 184. 1!U:5. Jicdf'Uin tnH'liitinn lln Su. Proc. Ihiw. ImiI. Sdc, II, 1. |>. 18:». l5)l.-{. Arrolrpin iiolhorcslri I!iisck. Iiiscciitor IiiscitiiU' Mi'ustni- iis. II. |.. km;. i:tl 1. I .NTKOItlClh SiMtlKS. I'iMnil.v l.^■( AK XIPAi:: Tlirrld ni/i'd I lew ii>..m. Purposely iiii ro(hu'(>(I about l!>iVJ. I'hrrtd crhioii I,. riir|tos('Iy inlro(hu'(>(I nhout 1002. V'Auuis rii-i:ii> \i-:: I*ouiln U''"m) ''"/'"'' i- M' vrifk. K. M. M.. XI.. ]>. i:V2, 1004, r.Mmily CAi: \1>KI \ ll>AI-:: Carmh'inti »vr/i<^fi W.-ilk. Swi^^cn-. Vvoc. Haw. Knt. S(X\, II. 1. p. a, 100S, raiuilx ri I SIAPAK: /lr/»Y»/«frf mnuifiCiitrtiis (Walk.V Swozov, l^roo. llaw. Knt. 8i>o.. 11, n, i>. l;^n. 1010. Fainilv PHV(M TinAK: Vrfffi((i)hhhM(n 8\v. l>nll. Ent. Kxp. Sta. 11. S. P. A.. ' r», p. U, 1000. }fif^i'his r*?»'tt6j»HW Z. Swo^ey, P^^v. llaw. Knt. Six\. 11. 3, * p. 1«5, 1910» K fill r'Mm lull imlh Z, Swextev, Pi'w. llaw. Knt. Svv.. III. 1, p. U, 1014. Fauuly OALLERIADAE: CwiT^m «**'fjA«/©Mu]\. Enf., Exj). Sta. IT. S. P. A., 6, p. 22, 1909. Bairachedra ciiniciilator Bnsok. Inseentor Inscitiae ^fen- struns, II, p. 106, 1914. Family TORTIilCIDAE: Crocidosema lantana Busck, Proc. "Wash. Eii.t Soc, XII. 3, p. 132, 1910. Pnrposely introduced alx.ut 1002. Amorhia emigratella Busck. Proc. Wash. Eiit. Soc, XI, p. 201, 1909. Family TIXEIDAE: Opogona a.picalis Sw. Bidl. Knt., Kx]). Sta. TI. S. P. A., 6, p. 17, 1909. Opogona piirpiiriflla Sw. Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc, If, 5, p. 280, 1913. Ereun-etis peniriUafa Sw. Bull. Ent., Exp. Sta. JI. S. P. A., 6, p. 13, 1909. C remastohomhycia lantan-ella Busck. Proc. Wash. Ent. Soc, XII, 3, p. 133, 1910. Purposely introduced about 1902. Cyane tcrpfers present: ^NFessrs. Back, Ehrhorn, Illingworth, Osborn, Pemberton and Warren; and ^\v. Veitcli, who was on his way to take a position 70 as Entomologist for the Colonial Sngar Refining Co. in Fiji, as visitor. Minntes of previons meeting read and approved. On motion of ^Mr. Ehrhorn it was voted to change the honr of meeting from 3 :30 P. M. to 2 :30 P. M. ENTOMOLOGICAL PROGRAM. Mr. Ehrhorn exhibited a female jMediterranean frnitfly, the ovipositor of which had become stnck in a small Chrysophyllnm frnit during oviposition and had died in this position, the jnice of the frnit being very gnmmy. Dr. Back stated that he had also observed this often in the same fruit. Prof. Illingworth reported that in some experiments in spraying squashes with Sodium Arsenite they were not free from the attack of the melon fly. Mr. Ehrhorn stated that he had observed Pseudococcus fila- mentosus so prevalent on the orange trees in Judge Cooper's orchard in Manoa Valley that practically every terminal bud was badly dwarfed and curled thru the infestation of this mealy- bug. Mr. Swezey exhibited a vial containing flea eggs and newly hatched larvae. The eggs had been taken from a man's hat which had been lain on by a dog in the home of a Japanese in Palolo Vallev, June 28. ^Manv of the eggs had hatched by July 2. Mr. Swezey reported that a total of 247 eggs had l)een laid by the Chrysomelid beetle, Diachus aumtus, mentioned by him at the previous meeting. The beetle had lived two months after being captured, laying from one to five eggs daily, and once as high as 15 on two successive days. Mr. Swezey exhibited two specimens of Isosoma orch idea- rum bred from an orchid of the genus Cattleya from Dr. Lyons' orchid house. This is the first record of this insect in Hono- lulu, tho, now that the work of the insect is known, Mr. Ehrhorn stated that orchids showing similar infestation were known sev- eral years ago in the orchid house at the Moanalua Gardens, but no insects were found in connection with them at the time. Mr. Swezey also exhibited specimens of an Ortalid fly, pos- sibly of the genus Paragorgopsis, which were reared from mag- gots found in a coconut that had sprouted. They were found when the coconut was sawed in half for the purpose of making 71 oreliid basket^^. The iiiai>'gots were feedinii- on the partially cle- cavecl meat of the sprouting coconiit. They were blnisli in color and of the general form of frnitfly maggots. The habits of the fly had not previonsly been known, tho specimens had been taken now and then on windows by several of the entomologists in ITonolnln. The first specimen was secured by Mr. Terry in 1904 at the entomological laboratory of the Board of Agricnl- tnre and Forestry. Mr. Swezey further exhibited a single specimen of a Chrysi- did which w^as recently caught by Mr. Potter in his studio on the second floor of the chemical laboratory at the Experiment Sta- tion of the Sugar Planters' Association. This is the first record of a Chrysidid caught in the Hawaiian Islands, and must be a recent introduction. Prof. Illingworth exhibited two specimens of the Rcduviid bug, Triatoma ruhrofasciata, captured in Honolulu. Some Hyperparasites of White Grubs. BY OTTO 11. SWEZKY. In May, 1914, 5G cocoons of Elis sexc'inda were received from Mr. George X. Wolcott. He had collected these at ITr- bana, Illinois, while collecting cocoons of Tiphia to send to Por- to Rico. ]Srot desiring to make use of the EUs cocoons, he for- warded them to the Experiment Station, where we expected to experiment with this species as a parasite on the grubs of Ano- mala and Adoretus. There were not many emergences from the lot and they were mostly males ; only one female emreged. She lived for several weeks but failed to parasitize any of the grubs that were supplied her in the cage. From this lot of cocoons one male and one female ^lutilid emerged, and one Bombyliid. Careful examination showed that with each of them they had been parasitic on the Elis. and thus were hyperparasites of some white gTub — presnmal)ly some species of Lacliiiosterna. The Bombyliid was Aiifhrd.r fiilrolilitn Wied. I have not seen any reference in literature to its host relationships. In Dr. Forbes' 24th Illinois Report, 1908, on page 160, a Bombyliid (Exoprosopa fasc'ipennis Say) is mentioned as a parasite on ,Tiphia, and is thus also a hyperparasite on wdiite grubs. On ])a!i'e 101 of the same Report, another Bombyliid {SpnrnopoJliis f 111 r IIS Wied.) is mentioned as a direct parasite on white grubs. 72 The Miitilids above were of different species, accordino; to the best available literature on this family — the male being Mufilhi ca.sfor Blake, and the female MutiUa fernigata Fabr. From the fact of breeding them both from the same lot of Elis cocoons, collected in the same field, and that each was described only on the one sex, I am inclined to the o])inion that these are the sexes of one and the same species. Further observations l\v those working on white grubs and their parasites in Illinois would be of much importance. I have not previously seen any reference to a Mutilid being parasitic on a Scoliid. Dragonflies and Their Food 15V AI.KRED WARREX. During the latter part of iDlo and the first part of 1!)1-1- the wj'iter carried on some research work'^^ for the purpose of obtain- ing definite data on the range of food of the local dragonflies, particularly of the two common lowland species, Anax jiiDiiift Drury and Pantala flavescens Fabr. The following is a brief summary of these investigations. The food habits of the above species of dragonfly were studied in both the nymphal and adult stages. With the nymph, examination of the contents of the alimentary canal was the chief method eniployd to ascertain what the dragonfly lives on during this period of its life ; while with the adult, two methods were employed, viz., examination of the contents of the alimentary canal and field observation. In the pursuit of these investigations, it was aimed to cover as much territory around Honolulu as time and circumstances would |)ermit, so as to include as many as possible of the varied conditions under wliich the dragonflies find their food on the lowlands. EXAMI.XATIOX OF TlIK CoXTEXTS OF THE AEI>rEXTARY Caxae of Xy.MI'IIS. In this connection ooT) nym])hs', 41 Ana.v and 2!)4 PfdifaJa were dissected for the purpose of examiuiug the alimentary canal. Out of th(> 41 s]iecimens of Aikij-. <• were found to have ■■= This work was carried on in connection with a course in ento- mology at the College of Hawaii in partial fulfillment of the require- ments for the degree of M. S. Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc. Ill, No. 2, July, 1915. 73 the digestive tract entirely empty; and of the 294 Pantala, 70 had in their alimentary canal no traces of animal remains, being either entirely empty or containing some mud, gravel or algae. There were then left in all 253 specimens whose digestive tract contained some kind of animal remains. The following list gives the different kinds of animal life preyed on by dragonfly nymphs as represented in the contents of the digestive tract of the 253 Anax and Pantala nymphs dis- sected. The figures in the table represent nnits, or the number of times a certain species or group appeared in the series of dis- sections ; that is, each distinctive species or group of animal, as classified in the table, whether found in large or small quanti- ties in the contents of a single digestive tract, is given the value of one unit. TABLE SUOWIXd TIIK FIXDIXGS IX THE CONTEXTS OF TILE ALI- ,^[EXTARY C'AXAL OF 253 XYMPIIS. CoLEOl'TERA Di/tisci(I2 nym])hs were eaten by their fellows. Fonr nymphs were snccessfnlly reared to nuitnrity. The following gives in tabnlar form the life history of the fonr dragonflies from eg,Q^ to adnlt : 81 TABLE SHOWING THE LIFE HISTORY OF F(JUR SPEri:\rEXS "I'AXTALA FLAVESCENS" FABR, Egg Average or Length in No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No. 4 Average Instar mm. for the First Three Days Days Days Days Days Egg . . 5 5 5 7 51/^ 1st % —1/2* —V2* —1/2* —1/2* —1/2* 2nd 1 4 .5 4 3 4 3rd 11/2 3 '5 7 3 414 4th 21/3 2 8 6 2 41/2 •ith 4 3 8 6 3 5 6th 5 2 5 5 4 4 7th 6 3 6 3 5 4% Sth 8 2 5 6 6 4% 9th 10 .5 4 9 5 5% 10th 13 4 9 9 8 71/2 nth 18 8 13 14 27 ll%t 12th 24 19 30 30 .. 26i/3t Total No. of days for growth of nym. 55 98 101 66 80 Female Female ^Nlale :\Iale From the al)ove table it will be seen that the nymphs monlt ten or eleven times ; and that the length of time of incnhation and especially the total nymphal period vary consideraldy in the different indivindals. It will also be noted that the time of the last two or three instars gradually leno-thens, the last, of course, being" the longest, averaging (for the four) more than one-third of the life of the nymph. This long period is due to the great change that takes place during the last stadium, — a change from the nymphal water-inhabiting form, breathing chiefly by means of tracheal gills, to the adult form, breathing altogether by means of tracheae. We may say this period corresponds to the pupal stage of those insects possessing a complete metamor- phosis. During this time many of the organs are greatly changed; and some are even completely reconstructed, such as the respiratory organs, lalu'um, wings, compound eyes, gizzard, etc. In the al)ove experiments the ]iym])ha] ])eriod varied from oo to 101 days. It is doubtful if the nymphs complete their growth in nature in so short a time as Xo. 1 did in the above experiment, except in very rare cases, as their food supply is not always close at hand ; and the amount of food, modified doubt- less by climatic conditions, largely determines the rate of growth * Less than V2 hr. t For 3. 82 nf the nyiii])lis. In the above tal)le nymphs Xos. 1 and 4 were fed daily with large amonuts of food ; while Nos. 2 and 3 were fed less often and in smaller quantities. The difference is bronght out in that Xos. .1 and 4 completed their growth in about two months, while Xos. 2 and 3 required over three months for their development. Other experiments conducted along this line proved still more strikingly the relation of food to growth. Two nymphs, hatching on the same day, were placed in separate vessels. One was fed liberally with mosquito larvae, and the other was given five or six mosquito larvae every four or five days. In nineteen days the former moulted seven times, and was well along the eighth instar when the latter cast its third moult, and at this stage was no larger than the other at its fourth instar. The ability to fast for long periods of time also plays a great part in the length of nymphal life. Some experiments were carried on to see how long nymphs could go without food. The longest fasting periods, obtained in these experiments, were from 14 to 16 days. Under natural conditions, however, there is no doubt but that they can keep alive without food for much longer periods. Some species of dragonfly nymphs have been kept A\ithout food in confinement for a month and more. Speci- mens of Aeschna cyanea and Agrion puella fasted for 30 and 33 days respectively ("Entomologist", 33:211), and at the end of that time were still active and apparently not at all affected by the long fast. From the above statements we may safely conclude then that the nymphal period varies from two to six or more months. Adult. — l!^o attempt was made to see how" long the imago li\'es. as the very 'active nature of the dragonfly and the manner in which it procures its food would not permit of any successful feeding in confinement. Tt is reasonable to suppose, however, that its life does not extend over a great many weeks, if we can draw any inference from the very advanced stage of develop- ment of the ovaries in the later stages of the female nymphs, al- though tins is no definite proof, and experiments on the life of the adnlt dragonfly would be of very great interest. In dissect- ing nearly full-grown female nymphs, it was found that the ovaries were full size, and the ovarian tubes practically as long and plump as those of the adult, but no signs of any egg con- structions conld be detected. 83 AFGUST Otii, 1914. The one Inindred-eiglitli regular meeting of the Society was held in the entomological laboratory of the Sugar Planters' Ex- periment Station, President Swezey in the chair. Other mem- bers present: Messrs. Ehrhorn, Illingworth, Osborn, Peml)er- ton and Wilder. ^Minutes of ])revions meeting read and a]>prnved. EXTOMOLOGICAL PROGRAM. Mr. Ehrhorn stated that he had found H'lster bimacidatus very abundant at the Waialae Dairy, hundreds occurring in small areas in manure piles. A number of cockroaches that were l^erfectly white were also found buried in the manure. Prof. Illingworth stated that this lack of coloring was due to their hav- ing very recently molted. Mr. Wilder exhibited quite a number of water-striders of the genus Halohates, which he had captured in October, 1913, ski]>ping over the surface of the ocean between the Island of Kahoolawe and the coast of Maui. This is the only record of the capture of any of this genus of bugs by any of the members of the Society. Prof. Illingworth reported having observed a large number of larvae of the Syrphid fly, YoIuceUa ohesa, feeding within a decayed papaya trunk. Mr. Swezey exhibited a small weevil which was caught on an orchid by Dr. Lyon. It was of a species not hitherto known here, probably near related to Acythopeus nigerimus. an orchid weevil that has been quite injurious in some orchid houses in Honolulu of recent years, tho much smaller than the latter. ]\Ir. Swezey spoke of having visited a canyon Ijack of Hau- ula on the windward side of Oahu where he had never collected before, and exhibited a moth, Hyposmocoma sp. and a bug, Acanthia sp., which were probably new species. The moth was at rest on the surface of a rock and the Img was taken fr(^m the surface of the stream. Mr. Ehrhorn reported that from two pounds of coffee gath- ered at random in Kona, Hawaii, 100 pupae of CemtUls capi- tata were secured, and that from these pupae 90 s]iecimens of Opius humilis were bred. He considered this very gratifying, inasmuch as only three females of the parasite were liberated in the district from which the coffee was taken, and onlv about 84 a year had elai)sed sinee tlie females were liberated. ^Fr. Elir- horii also stated that he had observed Opius humilis ovipositing in frnitfly maggots in frnit, not only on the tree, but after it had fallen to the gromid. He expressed the opinion that frnitfly larvae may be killed l)y the heat of the sun, when in certain frnits, after the frnit has fallen to the ground. He had found that all of the maggots in a mango, which was lying in the direct sunlight and which was much heated, were dead. Prof. Illingworth spoke of the. great importance, in parasite breeding, of confining thei^arasites for a sufficient length of time to assure mating before liberation; basing his arguments upon practical experience gained in the breeding and libertion of Tachinids in Fiji. SEPTEMBER :3kd, 1914. Tlie one hundred-ninth regular meeting of the Society was held in the usual place, President Swezey in the chair. Other meml>ers present: Messrs. Back, Ehrhorn, Illingworth, Osl)orn and Pemberton. ]\Iinutes of previous meeting read and apju'oved. ENTOMOLOGICAL rROGRA^L ]\lr. Swezey exhibited a specimen of the mango weevil (CryptorJiynchus niangiferae) taken by Mr. C. M. Cooke at Li- hue, Kauai, this being the first record of the presence of this l)eet]c on that Island. ^Ir. Swezey also exhibited two species of earwigs found in a box of apples from California ; a small beetle found in a basket of plums from California ; and an ant, determined by ]\[r. Ehr- horn as Brachymyrmex sp., taken by Dr. Lyon in his orchid house. All of these were of species not hitherto recorded in the Hawaiian Islands. PiYjf. Illingworth, in rei)ortiug results of spraying experi- ments against the melon fly, stated that a spray-formula used elsewhere, composed of sodium arsenite, glucose, sodium borate, and borax used in certain proportions, was found to be injurious to young plants attacked by the melon fly. The spray solution when properly combined proved a good substance for retaining its original liquid condition. It showed no decided tendency however of attracting the adult flies. 85 Dr. Back stated that an important factor to consider in the control of the melon flv by spraying, is the lateness at which sexnal maturity is reached; mating not taking place until at least three weeks after issuance from the pupa, and oviposition not commencing until about a month after issuance. He also stated that one great difficulty in the effective elimination of this tly in an infested region is the longevity of the adults, manv then being alive at the Fruitfly Insectary which were nearly seven months old. Mr. Ehrhorn announced the recovery of two females and six males of the Australian fruitfly Braconid (Diachasma try- oni) from infested coffee secured from Kona, Hawaii. This is the first record of the success of the introduction of this spe- cies, which has resulted from the liberation of only four females in Kona in June. IDlo. OCTOBEE 8th, 1014. Tlie posti^oned one hundred-tenth regular meeting of the Society was held in the usual place. President Swezey in the chair. Other members ju-esent : ]\[essrs. Ehrhorn, Illingworth, Osborn and Pemberton. Minutes of previous meeting read, C(U"reoted and a]iproved. The Editor reported the issuance of the first number of the third volume of the "Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomolog- ical Society". EXT( ) M OT.omc AT. PE(^(;R A M . .Mr. p]]irhorn stated that he had ascertained since the last mci'iin'i of the Society, that the samples of infested coffee from whicli he had bred Dhiclidsma injoni. as reported at that meet- ing, were secured at Kaaualoa, a point about six miles from the place where the original ])arasites were liberated last June. Prof. Illingworth stated that he had recently seen the ant. Pheidole mcgacephaJa, excavate into three inches of soil and kill pupae of Sphinx convoh-tili : and that he had also observed the same ant follow and kill the bnri-owing cockroach, XaiipJiocfn hiriff'ifa. and another roach, Lruropliocn sii>-iiia))iriisis;. as thev burrowed in moist soil. Prof. Illingworth exhibited a 'living, active Dermestid larva 86 and 15 molted skins of this larva, all of which had l>een east between ]\Iay 2, 1913, and Oct. 1, 1914. The larva was appar- ently full-grown in May, 1918, when observations began, and was confined flnring the entire period between two watch glasses, and having nothing for food but dried insects. He also exhib- ited a bottle of cayenne pepper badly infested with the beetle, (Utforama mexicana,. He also stated that 'he had fonnd the beetle, Tribolium ferrugineum. feeding npon the paste in newly- bound books at the College of HaAyaii. Prof. Illingworth further stated that he had ol)servod the nymphs of three species of cockroaches to lie comju-essod later- ally wdien first hatched, but that the dorso-ventral flattening takes place in a short time, the lateral comi^ression being due to the position of the young uym])lis while crowded together in the egg-mass before hatching. Mr. Ehrhorn stated that he had noticed the fire ant, Snle- )i apsis fjeininnta. apparently not as abundant as formerly, ^fr. Swezey said that he had noticed them as prevalent as usual at his home in Kaimuki. Mr. Ehrhorn exhibited several living specimens of tlu^ wasp, Polistes aurifer, which were parasitized by Stylopids. Tu one case there were as many as three Stylopids between the al)d()m- inal segments of one wasp. These wasps were taken l)y 'Slv. Ehrhorn and Mr. Swezey from nests on the under side of ])alm leaves at the grounds of the Sugar Planters' Experiment Sta- tion ; five of the parasitized wasps were taken from one nest, an unusual proportion of the wasps being parasitized. Mr. Swezey exhibited a specimen of Coniocompsa rcsinili- f/cra (End.), this being the first record of any member of the family Coniopterygidae in the Hawaiian Islands. Mr. Swezey also exhibited a portion of corrugated ])a]>er taken from a packing box under his house, in the folds of which were several cells of a nest of a wasp resembling Trypoxylon hirolor but somewhat smaller. Some of the cells contained cocoons of the wasp, other cells contained vciw small spiders. The nest was accidentally found by observing the wasp going to it with spiders. The wasp is an undetermined species not hitherto recorded in the Hawaiian Islands. Prof. Illingworth exhibited some books and old ])apers which had been attacked by the termite, Calotermes marglnlppunls. The books were ruined, there being large cavities and galleries that had been eaten out bv the termites. A Leaf -Mining Cranefly in Hawaii. BY OTTO ir, SWEZEY. Dinroioinyia foliocuniculafor n. sp. Head, antennae and mouth parts dark fuscous; thorax and abdo- men fuscous above, ochraceous below, abdomen sometimes greenish below; halteres fuscouci, the stem paler; wings fuscous-hyaline, not spotted except a spot of more intense fuscous at the termination of the first longitudinal vein; auxiliary vein for the last three-fifths running very close to the first longitudinal vein, terminating a little before the origin of the second longitudinal vein, connected with first longitudinal a little before termination; venation as shown in Fig.; legs slender, fuscous, femora paler towards base, coxae and trochan- ters ochraceous. Length of body, 4mm.; wing, 5mm. HABITAT. Larvae mining- the leaves of Cyrtandra pahi- dosa and other species of Cyrtandra. in the monntains at Puna- Inn, on the windward side of Oahn. ^o adnlts collected. I first discovered the mines of this insect in the leaves of Cyrtan- dra bushes growing along the Punaluu Trail, June 11, 1911, and reared a few specimens. Later, on the following dates, I again collected mined leaves and reared a few more specimens : August 10, 1918 ; September 13, 1914. The adults proved to be different from any hitherto described species in Hawaii. MIi^E. The mine is long and slender, more or less sinuous and wandering about the leaf, often following the margin, grad- uallv widening as the larva increases in size. There may be as many as a dozen mines in one leaf. LARVA. The full-grown larva is 10-1 1mm., elongate, slen- der, cylindrical, gradually tapering posteriorly, without . setae, footless, anterior and posterior margins of segments (except 3 or 4 anterior and 2 posterior ones) minutely roughened on dorsal and ventral surface to assist in locomotion. Whitish, transparent so that the alimentary canal and tracheal system are plainly seen, the latter having two longitudinal tracheae con- necting with two black spiracles above the anus. Head with brownish mouth-parts, mandibles working horizontally, the whole head retracting into the following segment which in turn retracts into the next. Segments 1-3 of moderate length, 4-10 elongate, remaining segments short. PUPA. The pupa is formed within the mine, the larva Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc. Ill, No. 2, July, 1915. PLATE 1. ■^m$.$sM' X 12 X20 Dicrcmomyia foUocunicuJator. Fig. 1, larva; tig. -2, pupa; fig. o, wing venation; tig. 4, leaf of Cijrtaudra showing mines. 89 soiuetinies receding soinewliat from tlie teniiinal end of the mine before pupating. Some were fonnd with the anterior end })r()- jecting thrn a break in the dead epidermis of the leaf. (i-Tnnn. long, slender, nearly cylindrical ; pale greenish, head, wing- sheaths and leg-sheaths dark fnscons to nearly black just l)efore the emergence of the fly. Thorax with two yellowish brown dorsal horns, the respiratory processes, projecting forward with the ti|)s curved ventrally. Leg-sheaths of equal length, extend- ing along ventral side to the apex of the fourth abdominal seg- ment ; wing-sheaths placed laterally, extending to apex of sec- ond abdominal seginent ; margins of abdominal segments mi- nutely roughened as in the larva, which enables the pupa to force itself half way out of the mine before the emergence of the fly ; apex of abdomen slightly bifid. This is apparently a very remarkable habit for a cranefly, as I have been unable to find any mention of such habits in litera- ture. The larvae of those species that have been studied feed at the roots of plants, beneath dead bark, in rotten logs and other decaying vegetation, etc., some are aquatic, and others live on leaves like caterpillars. There are numerous species of Di- cranomyia in the mountains of the Hawaiian Islands, many of which are yet undescribed, and the habits of the larvae are mostly unknown. It may be that other species may be found to have this leaf-mining habit when their habits are studied. XOVEMBEE 5Tn, 1914. The one hundred-eleventh regidar meeting was held in the usual place. President Swezey in the chair. Other members present : Messrs. Giff ard, Ehrhorn, Fullaway, Tllingworth, Kuhns, Osborn, Pemberton and Potter ; and ]\Ir. C. F. Mant, visitor. Minutes of previous meeting read and approved. Mr. Swezey proposed the name of Mr. C. F. Mant for active membersliip in the Society. EXTO:srOLOGICAL PROGRA:sr. ]Mr. Ehrhorn read from the October, 1914, number of Science, a paper by Fernando Sanford of Stanford University, giving results of the use of Cyanide of Potassium injected into 90 holes bored in the trunks of trees as a remedy for scales and other sap-feeding' insects. Mr. Osborn in reporting" on the present distribution of the Jassid, D rae enlace phala tnoUipes, gave the following points on Oahu at which he had collected it on rice: Waipio, ]\Iarch 12, 1914; Hononlinli, April 26, 1914; Waiahole, July 9, 1914; Pmiahm, Angust 9, 1914. Mr. Osborn reported that on October 10, and for a week or more thereafter, he had observed- at Waikiki Beach large num- bers of the small fly Scatella Jiairaiiensis var. sexnotata. They had not previously attracted any attention. ]Mr. Fullaway briefly summarized and mentioned certain interesting features of a recent paper by Professor V. L. Kel- logg of Stanford University on the ^'Ectoparasites of Mammals." (American Xaturalist, May, 1914.) Prof. Illingworth stated that at present he could find no evidences of the activity of the palm leaf roller (Omiodes hJael'- burni), that on the trees previously infested by it none of the stages of the insect were to be found at the present time. Mr. Swezey expressed his opinion that this was remarkable for when he had previously made some studies on this j^est he could find one or more stages of them present on the trees at all times, tho at certain seasons they were scarcer than at others. Mr. Swezey exhibited adult specimens of TrynoxyJon sp. which were reared from the nest in corrugated paper that he had exhibited at the previous meeting. Mr. Swezey also exhibited male and female specimens of a species of Tiphia recently introduced from Japan by Mr. Muir, to attack the grubs of the beetle, Aiiomala orlentaJls. Investigation of Spread of Fruitfly Parasites in Kona, Hawaii. BY W. :Nr. GIFFARD. Investigations as to distribution of Optus Jiumilis and Dia- chasma tryoni throughout the coffee fields in South and N'orth Kona, either one or both of these having been collected by W. M. Giffard and Dr. E. A. Back in the following fields over a dis- tance of twenty-six miles between October 28th and 31st both inclusive, viz. : (In all these fields Dr. Back gathered samples of ripe ber- Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc. Ill, No. 2, July, 1915. 91 ries and either saw or took parasites, wliilst Giffard confined his work to collecting adult specimens on the wing or by sweep- ing. In all instances only a small nnmher of ^^ai'asites were taken, many of those captured having been liberated.) South Koxa. Xo. 1. Oct. 31, 1914. At Kalahiki, one and one-half miles south from Ilookena Church on main road. Field scarce of ber- ries. Caught nine specimens (Diachasma frijoni, all S S ). Parasites plentiful. Xo. 2, Oct. 31, 1014. At Hookena, opposite church on main road. Berries plentiful in this field. Saw many para- sites. Caught six specimens (Diachasma, 4 ablv be found to be parasitic on similar caterpillars to the above. Athyr^odon dehilis P. — I have reared from Phlydaenia io- crossa. Ailiyreodon sp. — Dr. Perkins records it from a species of Plilyciaen'ia. Atrometus tarsatus Ashm. — I have reared from Hyposmo- coma trimaculata. Atrometrus sp. — I liave reared from Aristotelia n. sp. in galls on Gouldia. The parasite transformed to maturity within the pupa of its host similarly to Edith romorplia. Cremastus hymeniae Vier. — This undoubtedly is an intro- duced species, for it was not known till 1910. It appeared on the lowlands about Honolulu, but has now spread to the moun- tains as well, and all over the Island of Oahu. Its first notice- able host was Hymenla recurvalis Fab., whose life-history was being investigated by Mr. H. O. Marsh in 1910. Other hosts from which I have reared it are : Genopliantis leahi Sw., Plilyc- tania platyhuca Meyr., Phlydaenia calcophanes Meyr., Phlyc- taenia campylotheca Sw., Thyrocopa sp., CrypiopJilebia illepida (Butl.), Capua santalata Sw., Batradiedra cunicidator Busck, Petrodivoa dimor-plia Busck, and Badra straminea. L'nnneriinn polynesiale Cam. — This must be an introduc- tion, for its only known host here is the diamond-back cabbage moth (PluteUa mandipciDils Curt.), which it parasitizes very extensively. Limnet'hitu hJadchutnl Cam. — This species has a very large number of hosts. I have reared it from the following: Nesa- miptis obsolda (But!.), Scotorythra sp., Nacoleia accepta (Butl.), Nacoleia asaphomhra (Meyr.), Nacoleia anastrepta (Meyr.), Nacoleia blackhyrni (Butl.), Nacoleia localis (Butl.), Nacoleia monogona (Meyr.), Phlydaenia endopyra Meyr., Phlydaenia platyleuca Meyr., Phlyctaenia campylothe- ca Sw., Pyrausta constrida (Butl.), Pyrausta dryadopa JMeyr., Mecyna aurora (Butl.), Scoparia sp., Platyptilia rhynchophora Meyr., Homoeosomci humeralis (Butl:), G-enophantis iodora Meyr., Phthorimaea opercnlelJa (Zell.), Mapsidius auspicata AValsm., Batradiedra sp., Archips capucinus (Walsm.), Tortrix metallurr/ica Walsm., Tortrix thoracina Walsm., and Epagoge infaustana Walsm. In addition to these, it was reared from Phlydaenia stellata (Butl.) by Dr. Perkins, from Phlydaenia 107 despccta (Butl.) by Perkins and Fnllaway, and from Xacoleia continuatalis (Wall.) by Fnllaway. The larvae live singly in the host larvae. The latter spins np for pnpation bnt fails to pnpate, as about that time it has been nearly consumed by the parasite within, which soon breaks out of the remains of the host, finishes eating it except the skin, and makes its cylindric- oval cocoon within the cocoon made by the host. The adult emerges therefrom in about ten days. The habits of the related genera: Cremastus, Pristomerus, are similar to this. Pristomerus hawaiiensis Ashm. — Reared from Nacoleia ac- cepta (Butl.), Phlyctaenia chytropa Meyr. and Hetevocrossa sp. in Olea seeds. Mr. Fnllaway has reared it from Omphisa anas- tamosalis Guen. and Gelechia gossypiella. I have seen the males of this species in swarms in the air like one often sees gnats. Lathrostizus insularis Ashm. — Breeds in the larvae of Plo- dia interpundella Flub., Ephestia eluiella Hub., and probably other flour moths. The adult parasite emerges from the pupa of the host. Family Beacoxidae. Chelonus hlackhurni Cam. — This species has quite a num- ber of hosts: Hymenia recurvalis Fab., Lineodes orhrca Walsm., Homoeosoma humeralis (Butl.), Phthorimaea opercu- lella (Zell.), Batrachedra cuniculator Busck., Phlyctaenia des- •pecta (bred by Perkins), Gelechia gossypiella (bred by Perkins and Fnllaway), Petrochroa dimorpha Busck (Perkins). The larva of this parasite lives singly in the host larva. It emerges from it after the latter has made its cocoon for pupation, and makes its own white oblong cylindrical cocoon wdthin that of its host. I do not know whether oviposition takes place the same with this species as with Chelonus te.ranus as reported by W. D. Pierce and T. E. Holloway in Journal of Economic Ento- mology, Vol. 5, pp. 426-428, 1912. According to their obser- vations C. texanus oviposits in the egg of the host, but does not prevent the hatching of the egg. The host larva grows with the parasite in it, and later is killed, and the parasite larva emerges and makes its cocoon as our species does. Phanerotoma hawaiiensis Ashm. — Reared from StoeherJii- nus testaceous Butl. Its white oblong cylindrical cocoon was wdtliin the cocoon of the host. It probably parasitizes other related Micros. 108 Phanerotoma sp. — Two or three specimens were reared from Myelois ceratoniae Zell., infesting the pods of Acacia farnesi- ana,' Microdus Jiaicaiicola Ashm. — I have reared it from TJiijro- copa sapindieUa Sw., Stoeberhinus testaceous Butl., Batrachedra rileyl Walsm., Er-eunetis flavistrlata Walsm., and GelecJiia gos- sypieUa; and Dr. Perkins reared it from Ereimetis simidans (ButL), and Hyposmocoma sp. The larva of this species emerges from its host when the latter has spnn its cocoon to pu- pate, finishes eating the caterpillar, then makes its o^^m white ohlong cylindrical cocoon within the cocoon of the host. The adnlt emerges in abont two weeks. Apanteles sp. — A species that first appeared in Honolnln in 1910, and has now become abundant. I have reared it only from Opogona aurisquamosa (Butl.), but it probably attacks other Micros whose larvae feed in decaying vegetation on the ground. Mr. Fullaway has also reared it from the same host as above. I have not ascertained the feeding habits of the larva of this parasite, but probably there is but one per host. Its white oblong cylindrical cocoon is made in the cocoon of the host. Protapanteles hawaiiensis Ashm.— T have reared this only from cocoons in the larval cases of Oecia maculata Walsm., which it often parasitizes quite heavily. Of 33 larval cases collected at one time, T0% contained parasite cocoons. There is one parasite per host. Bracon omiodivorum (Terry). — This was introduced from Japan by Mr. Koebele probably in 1895, to parasitize the plam leaf-roller and the cane leaf-roller, Nacoleia hlacl'hurni and i\^. acce^pta. I have also reared it from Hymenia recurvalis, and once from either Archips postvittanus or Amorhia emigrateUa. It mostly attacks the cane leaf-roller, however. Often as high as 75 9f of the caterpillars in a bad outbreak of the cane leaf- roller will be found parasitized by this Braconid. It is tlie most important parasite on this pest. The parasite stings the caterpillar so that it is paralyzed and remains so. The eggs are laid on the exterior of the caterpillar, from 1 to 3, tho 0-8 are about the usual number. The eggs hatch in a day or two, and the young larvae feed externally on the caterpillar, grow- ing rapidly and becoming full-grown in about 3-4 days. The cocoons are flattish and made on the leaf near the dried remains of the caterpillar, more or less connected or in a mass. The 109 adults emerge in about a week. The life-cycle thus being very short — about 14 days. Bracon sp. — I reared six of this parasite from cocoons of Batmcliedra cimiculator Busck, a leaf -miner in sedges in the Kewalo swamps of Honolulu, in May, 1914. It was not pre- viously observed here. Its larva feeds externally, one per host, and makes its cocoon in the mine of the latter. Hcfhrohracon hebetor (Say). — This is the abundant para- site on the meal and flour moths, Plodia interpundella and Ephestia elutella. It is often to be found in large numbers in the feed warehouses in Honolulu. From 1 to 8 eggs are laid externally on the host caterpillar; they hatch in about a day, and the larvae get their growth in three days, spin cocoons and the adults emerge in about a week, so that the whole life-cycle occupies but two weeks. The shortness of the life-cycle allows for such frequent generations it is often very effective in con- trolling the flour moths. Bracon sp. ? — I have reared an undetermined Braconid from the sedge stem-borer Bactra straminea (But!.). Bracon sp. — Reared from Gelechia gossypiella by Mr. Ful- laAvav. JANUAEY 7th, 1915. was held in the usual place, President Ehrhorn in the chair. Other members present : Messrs. Fullaway, Illingworth, Kuhns, Mant, Muir, Osborn, and Swezey. Minutes of previous meeting read and approved. ENTOMOLOGICAL PROGRAM. Mr. Swezey reported having found a wasp, PoUstes aurifer, with a nest but recently started, on the under side of a stone lying on top of the ground at Diamond Head, January 1st. It being the earliest date at which he had observed these wasps beginning their nests. Mr. Ehrhorn stated that he had noticed a nest at the Outrigger Club about three weeks previously. Mr. Osborn exhibited 28 specimens of Halobates sp. which were collected on the beach at Waikiki, Dec. 19, 1914. Large numbers of these bugs, mostly adults, were blown ashore during IIU a three days' "Kona" storm. The species was apparently the same as collected by Mr. G. P. Wilder from the surface of the sea between Maui and Kahoolawe, October, 1913, and by Mr. C. M. Cooke from the surface of the sea near Palmyra, July, 1913. There is no previous record of its capture on the shores of Oahu. Mr. Swezey exhibited an insect box made from a cigar box lined with parafin instead of cork, and certain advantages of this method of lining insect boxes were pointed out and discussed by himself and Mr. Muir, Cheapness of material and ease of preparation were factors in its favor. Mr. Muir stated that he had learned that this method was being used at the British Museum. Hawaiian Species of Laboulbenia and Their Hosts. BY OTTO H. SWEZEY. The few species of Laboulbenia here listed with their hosts are taken from Prof. Poland Thaxter's ''Contribution Toward a Monograph of the Laboulbeniaceae, Part II", Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Vol. XIIT, Xo. VI, 1908. The hosts are all species of Hawaiian Carabidae. Of the 34 species listed, 5 occur on Kauai, 7 on Oahu, 11 on ^Maui, 6 on Molokai, 2 on Lanai, and 3 on Hawaii. Laboulbenia haicaiiensis Thaxter: Atelothrus erro (Blkb.) Maui. Atelothrus gracilis Shp, Maui. Mauna frigida (Blkb.) Maui. Colpodiscus hicipetens (Blkb.) Maui, Hawaii. Colpocaccus tantalus (Blkb.) Oahu. " hawaiiensis Shp. Hawaii. " lanaiensis Shp. Lanai, jMolokai, ]\raui. " posticatus Shp. Kauai. Mesofhriscus musical (Blkb.) Oahu. "' tricolor Shp. ]\Iaui, ^lolokai. " alternants Shp. Kauai. Proc. Haw. Eiit. Soc. Ill, No. 2, July, 1915. Ill MecycIofJiomx pusiUus Slip. Maui. '' ovipennis Shp. Maui. '• monti vagus (Blkb.) Maui. Bemh'idium. Xuiuerous undetermined specimens. Lahoidhenia disenochi Thaxter: Disenochus fractus Shp. Maui. '' aterrimus Shp, Kauai. '• sidcipennis Shp. Kauai. Anclionymus agonoides Shp. Maui. Brosconymus optatus Shp. Oahu. Lahoidhenia spliyri Thaxter: Metromenus caliginosus (Blkb.) Oahu. " epiciirus (Blkb.) Oahu. '' latifrons Shp. Molokai. Lahoidhenia caidicidata Thaxter: Colpocaccus Janaiensis Shp. Lanai, ^laui, Molokai. marginatus Shp. Kauai. Atelofhrus depressus Shp. Lanai. constrictus Shp. Molokai. Mesothriscus liaivaii-ensis Shp. Hawaii. " alfernans Shp. Kauai. " musicola (Blkb.) Oahu. Mefromenus fraudator Shp. Molokai. and other undetermined specimens. Lahoidhenia caidicidata var. proJixa Th. : Mesothriscus tricolor Shp. Maui, Molokai. '"■ coUaris Shp. Molokai. Metromenus aequaJis Shp. Oahu. Lahoidhenia caidicidcda var. spectahdi Th. : Metromenus caliginosus (Blkb.) Oahu. '' mutahiUs (Blkb.) Oahu. " latifrons Shp. Molokai. 112 FEBRUARY 4th, 1915. The one luindred-foiirteenth regular meeting of the Society was held in the usual place, President Ehrhorn in the chair. Other members present: Messrs. Giffard, Fullaway, Illing- worth, Osborn and Swezey. Minutes of previous meeting read and approved. ENTOMOLOGICAL PROGRAM. Mr. Osborn exhibited a series of 2 females and 3 males of Nesoplirosyne nimhicola Kirk. These were collected by Prof, W. A. Bryan on the Island of Lanai at an elevation of 3400 feet. The male of the species appears not to have been described or collected before. Mr. Osborn also exhibited specimens of the fly ScateUa ha- ivaiiensis Grim., collected at Waiamao, Oahu, about 1200 feet, on the wet stones about a waterfull, January 17, 1915. Mr. Swezey called attention to the fact that the common form of this species, named var. sexnotafa by Terry, had apparently not been published. Mr. Swezey exhibited a specimen of Tenehroides nana Melsh., collected by him in his house at Kaimuki. It has not been previously recorded here. Mr. Swezey also exhibited a moth reared from a caterpillar on Boerhaavia, collected by Dr. Wm. Kerr of the U.S.S. Rain- bow at French Frigate Shoals in October, 1914. The moth had but recently emerged and appears to be a new species of the AgroHs group. Dr. Illingworth exhibited specimens of insects mounted on celluloid points and cards. A general discussion on insect pins and methods of mounting followed. Use of Cockroaches in Medicine. BY J. F. ILLIXGWORTH. In reviewing the literature on the, uses of insects in the manufacture of various substances, I came across the following interesting note in ]\rerck's 1907 Index, of the use of cockroaches in medicine: 113 '^Blatta. (Cockroac^i) Periplaneta orientalls. Constituents : Blattaric acid ; antihydropin ; fetid, fatty oil ; uses: Iniemal, in dropsy, Bright's disease, whooping-cough, etc. — External, as oily decoction for warts, ulcers, boils, etc. Doses: 10-15 grains in dropsy, as powder, or pills; or 4 fluid drams decoction." I have noticed that our wingless, shiny species (Polyzoste- ria soror Brunn.) emits a distinct pungent odor when disturbed, which closely resembles that of the common Pentatomid bugs — the odor that we have often noticed on berries in the States when these bugs have sucked them. Very likely these roaches, also, have medicinal properties which may be of value when they are properly investigated. MARCH 4th, 1915. The one hundred-fifteenth regular meeting of the Society was held in the usual place. President Ehrhorn in the chair. Other members present: Messrs. Fullaway, Illingworth, Kuhns, Osborn and Swezey. Minutes of previous meeting read and approved. EXTOMOT.OGICAL PKOGBAM. m a Dr. Illingworth reported on some observations made poultry yard on the ant Pheidole megacephala, which in great numbers were destroying the eggs of the hen flea, Xestopsylla gallinacea. They were also getting the flea larvae and an occa- sional adult; in several instances they were observed picking fleas which had been killed by creosote from the combs of the hens. He also mentioned the destruction by ants of the larvae of the monkeypod borer, Xystrocera gJobosa, which he w^as at- tempting to rear. Mr. Ehrhorn related some observations he made several years ago on Molokai which indicated that ants were a large factor in controlling "ox warble", Hypoderma lineata Villers. The work of this fly is only occasionally observed on ^NFolokai and the large numbers of ants on the cattle ranges destroy the larvae as they emerge and fall to the ground to pupate. lU Mr. Muir exhibited a large series of the Delphacid Aloha lehiiae, from various localities in the Hawaiian Islands, show- ing color variations from light to dark. The color varies ac- cording to locality. The species occurs on "Ohia" trees and there is another species known as A. ohiae which appears to grade into lehuae, but so far only females have been collected and it is still uncertain whether it should be considered a dis- tinct species or not. Mr. Muir expressed his opinion that A. lehuae was close to the original type of Delphacid which first became established on these Islands. Mr. Fullaway exhibited a parasite reared from spider eggs collected by Messrs. Muir and Giffard at Ivilauea, Hawaii. It is a species of Baeus, probably new. Dr. Perkins described a species of Baeus but its habits were not known. Mr. Fullaway also exhibited a male Diapriid of the genus Platymisclioides, collected by Mr. Swezey. ]\[r. Swezey exhibited a collection of insects made Febru- ary 14, at Puu Kapele, at an elevation of 3500 feet on the west side of the Waimea Canyon, Kauai. Some of them of special interest, and some of them were new species. He also exhibited four larvae of the Lucanid Apterocyclus, the only ge- nus of native Lamellicorns. These grubs were found by Mr. Meinecke under rotten logs a little higher up than Puu Kapele, on the same day. They w-ere said to be very numerous there. It is probably near the region where the few specimens of these beetles were previously collected. APRIL 1st, 1915. The one hundred-sixteenth regular meeting of the Society was held in the usual place, President Ehrhorn in the chair. Other members present: Messrs. Fullaway, Illingworth, Muir, Osborn, Pemberton and Swezey. Minutes of previous meeting read and approved. Mr. Muir, chairman of the Finance Committee, reported that the Trustees of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association had appropriated the sum of $100.00 per year to aid the Society in the publication of the ^'Proceedings". Hi E^'TOMOLOGICAL PEOGEA:Nr. Description of an Interesting New Crabro from Kauai. BY WALTER M, GIFFARD. (Presented by F. Muir.) MeJanocnihcro discrepans sp. n. MALE. Black ; second segment of abdomen with a yellow- ish white dorsal fascia near its base, widest towards the sides ; fourth segment with a yellowish white spot on the side, some- times very small or entirely wanting ; fifth segment with entire fascia at base; sixth with lateral spot. Front legs pale, espe- cially on the anterior surface, tibia not flattened. Clypeus slightly produced in front, subangular in middle and covered with silvery pubescence. Mandibles black, the underside regu- larly fringed with yellowish hairs, iVntennae with apex of sixth joint prominently and strongly produced ventrally. Head and thorax dull, rugosely sculptured and covered with long white hair. First joint front tarsus subterete, slightly flattened be- neath ; about as long as the four distal joints together. Abdo- men with basal segment extremely finely punctured, sparsely clothed with short, inconspicuous hairs ; second to fifth closely and finely punctured, the short hairs becoming more numerous posteriorly; sixth and seventh more coarsely punctured, the lat- ter emarginate at apex, hairs much longer, projecting beyond hind margin, those on the underside also long and projecting beyond the hind margin like a fringe. Beneath, the second seg- ment is somewhat shiny, finely punctate, slightly convex and sparsely clothed with fine hairs, the following segments dull and strongly depressed. HAB. Forests and mountain slopes of Kauai, 4,000 feet elevation. Described from 2 taken at Kaholuamano, September, 1909 (Giffard), and 1 at Waialeale, June, 1913 (Hardy). Tj^oes in author's collection, OBS. This comes near to curtipes Imt is easily distin- guished from it by the first front tarsus not being flattened, and the hind tibiae flattened anteriorly, causing the posterior half to be somewhat carinate dorsally ; the second abdominal sternite Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc. Ill, No. 2, July, 1915. 116 slightly but distinctly convex ; more prominent antennal tooth ; the mesonotal sculpture less dense. The interest attached to this species lies in its Hylocrahro affinities. Dr. E. C. L, Perkins, in a letter to me about this in- sect, remarks that it '^connects Hylocrahro still more closely with Melanocrahro and I should not wonder if its female is not what I call Hylocrahro." New and Little-Known Derbidae. The species described in this paper were collected by the writer during 1913-14, or were presented to him by entomolo- gists in Formosa during his visit there. The addition of 17 species to the Java list indicates the richness of that island, especially when we consider that the writer only had three days collecting in suitable localities, and that nearly all his specimens were taken at Bendoredjo during one morning's collecting. For- mosa and Philippines will also prove to be very rich. The family already has some eighty genera and nearly four hundred species, and when the South and Central American, as well as the Indo-Malayan areas, are more closely worked this number will be easily doubled. They are forest insects, all the nymphs as far as is at present known, living in rotten trees. The measurements are from the apex of head to anus, and from base to apex of one tegmen. Vekunta Dist. (1) pseudohadia sp. n. $ This differs from tlie Bornean species hadki in the spot on costa being smaller and having no darker spot in center of it, also in the genitalia as follows: Apex of anal segment truncate or slightly emar- ginate instead of pointed; styles narrower, ventral edge entire, dor- sal edge produced into wide angular process in middle, apex blunt, turned inward; whereas in hndiu they are broader, the dorsal edge straight and the apex with small, sharp, inwardly turned apex. Length 2.5mm. ; tegmen 4mm. H'ab. Bendoredjo, Java ; on palms (Muir, March). Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc. Ill, No. 2, July, 1915. 117 (2) lineafa Melichar. ^ Ventral and lateral edges of pygophor straight; anal segment long, anus in basal third where segment slightly widens, then grad- ually narrows to point, the apical third turned ventrally and clett from apex to angle of head; styles long, narrow, apical third turned upward, apex pointed, basal two-thirds subparallel sided, dorsal mar- gin slightly incrassate, a small quadrate process on inner surface near base. Hab. Mount Maquiling, Luzon (Muir, February). (3) malloti Mats, V. maUoti Matsumura 1914, Ann. Mus. Xat. Hung. XIII, 288. r. okadae Muir 1914, Pro. Haw. Ent. Soc. Ill, 1, p. 45. Lamenia Stal. Thyrocephalus Kirkaldy 1906. H. S. P. A. Bull. I, p. 429. Dr. Melichar in describing L. flavescens (Philip. Jour. Sci. 1914, IX, D. 2, p. 179) has placed this genus in the AchiUnae. To this I cannot agree, as this genus has the characteristics of the family (or subfamily) ; should it be upheld then some fifteen or sixteen genera of the Cenchrea group will also have to be moved to AchiUnae. The two following species have the characteristic subantennal plate as long as, or a little longer than, the antenna. (1) javanica sp. n. $ Stramineous, fuscous over keels of face, clypeus, labium, tibiae, margin of tegulae, tergites of abdomen and genitalia, a dark round spot on propleura; tegmina stramineous, opaque with waxy secretion, fuscous over clavus, along hind and costal margins and an acutely angular mark on margin between subcosta and media; wings opaquely white with waxy secretion, veins brown. Ventral edge of pygophor straight, lateral edges rotundate; anal segment large, much longer than broad, basal portion subparallel sided, then gradually narrowed to pointed apex which is turned ventrally, anus about a third from base; styles reaching to end of anal segment, narrow, semispatulate, t^e dorsal edge nearly entire, curving slightly upward and broadly dilatate, the ventral edge roundly produced be- yond the middle and narrowly dilatate, apex pointed and turned in- ward, a small round knob on niner side near base from which rises a small sharp spine. lis 9 Last abdominal sternite longer than broad, posterior edge steeply curved from sides near base to middle; anal segment ovate, anus near base. Length 2.5mm.; tegmen o.5mm. Hab. Buitenzorg, Java (]\Inir, May). (2) albipeunis sp. ii. ^ Stramineous, fuscous on keels of face, tibiae, especially apices of hind pair, and dorsum of abdomen; tegmina white, opaque with waxy secretion, slightly infuscate along hind margin, especially from end of clavus to cubitus, three fuscous marks on border, one at apex of first median sector, one at apex of radia and the third at apex of subcosta; wings opaquely white with waxy secretion, veins white. Ventral edge of pygophor straight, lateral edges slightly sinuous; anal segment large, sides subparallel, slightly narrowed before apex, apex truncate, anus one-third from base; styles reaching to end of anal segment, dorsal edge nearly straight, subparallel to ventral edge for basal two-thirds, then ventral edge narrowing to sharp apex which is turned inward, a rounded keel runs from base to apex on outer surface, a small round process on inner side on basal hklf. Length 3.3mm. ; tegmen 5mm. Hah. Bendoredjo, Java, on palms ( ]\Inir, ^Maveh). Pyrrhoneura Kirk. (1) jarana sp. n. $ Vertex and face in profile slightly more rounded than in type species. Vertex, base of face, dorsum of thorax and all abdomen and genitalia dark reddish brown, apex of face, antennae, clypeus, ventral surface of thorax and legs yellow; tegmina reddish fuscous, veins darker except costa and apical veins which are lighter red, a dark spot on cross-vein at base of fourth median sector; wings fuscous, veins dark. Ventral edge of pygophor straight, lateral edges subangularly pro- duced in middle; anal segment much longer than broad, broadest at base, gradually narrowing to apex which is rounded, anus at apex; styles reaching to end of anal segment, narrow, dorsal edge almost entire, ventral edge gradually produced to about a third from apex, then narrowing to the rounded apex which is turned upward and in- ward, on inner surface a small plate runs from base to about middle where it is rounded off. 9 Hind border of tegmina bearing light mark along clavus and between cubital veins. Last abdominal sternite broader than long, hind margin subangularly produced from sides near base to middle. 119 the sides of production being very shallowly excavate, the disk of an- gularly produced portion slightly depressed. Length 2mm. ; tegmen 4,5mm. Hab. Bendoredjo, Java (Miiir, Ifareh). Tempora Mats. Tempora Matsimiiira 1914, Ann. Miis. Hmig. XII, p. 290. This genus is placed by its author next to Vekunta, but the neuration of tegmina show that it belongs to the Otiocerus group ; it comes next to Pyrrlioneura Kirk., from which it dif- fers only in having the lateral keels of face approximate or touching near their bases, a character found in P. ruhida. It will be difficult to keep these two genera apart. SwEZEYiA Kirk. (1) vandergootii sp. n. ^ Antennae slightly smaller than in lyricen Kirk., otherwise typical. Stramineous, a dark mark over sides of face in front of eyes, and from behind eyes over sides of thorax down middle to tip of teg- mina; tips of labium and tarsi slightly infuscate. Tegmina hyaline slightly opaque with waxy secretion, veins yellowish except where fuscous mark passes down tegmina through clavus, over base of cubi- tus and along median, mark darkest at base of third median sector; wings hyaline, slightly opaque with secretion, veins reddish. Ventral edge of pygophor straight, lateral edges slightly curved, anal segment about twice as long as broad, subparallel sided, apex slightly rounded, tip turned down, dorsal surface sloping from middle to sides, anus at apex; styles reaching beyond anal segment, slender, slightly broadened and curved upward at apical half, apex bluntly pointed and curved inward. Length 2.3mm. ; tegmen 3.2mm. Hab. Bendoredjo, Java, on palm trees (Muir, March). I name this little insect after Mr. P. van der Goot, to whose help in entomological matters while in Java I am greatly in- debted, Xesokaha Muir. (1) philippma sp. n. ^ In profile vertex and face rounded, no angle where they meet; 120 antennae slightly more ovate than in X. piroenxis. Light yellow, eyes brown, light brown over keels of face; tegmina light yellow, slightly opaque with waxy secretion, veins yellow, a black spot at apex between third and fourth median sectors, a small dark mark at end of sub- costa; wings very light yellow, opaque with waxy secretion, veins yellow. Ventral edge of pygophor straight, lateral edges angularly pro- duced in middle; anal segment longer than broad, slightly narrower at apex than base, apex slightly emarginate (a little spine at each cor- ner), anus at apex; styles narrow, reaching to end of anal segment, curved slightly upward on apical portion, apex pointed, ventral edge entire, dorsal edge having a small angular projection hear base and a minute spine in middle. 9 Last abdominal sternite wider than long, hind margin angu- larly produced from sides to middle, the apical portion turned upward; in lateral view sternite concave at base and convex in middle. Length 2mm, ; tegmen 4mm. Hab. Mount Maquiling, Luzon. (JMiiir, February.) (2) hneata sp. n. 9 Light yellow, eyes brown, keels of face brownish. Tegmina hyaline slightly opaque with waxy secretion, veins white except costa, subcosta and apical veins which are yellowish, a black line on basal portion of costa through subcostal cell to radial cross vein, continued very faintly to basal portion of fourth median sector, another black line from base of claval margin to apex of first median sector, a round black spot in middle of fourth median sector; wings opaquely white with waxy secretion, veins white. Last abdominal sternite broader than long, hind margin angularly produced from sides to middle, apex turned dorsad. Length 2.4mm. ; tegmen 4.2mm. Hab. Los Banos, Luzon. (Muir, February.) DEyADAXDA Distant. (1) leefmanii sp. n. ^ Face produced in front as in pecfiiidtd; first joint of antennae small, second joint bilobed, a smaller, rounded, basal part which bears the arista and scattered small "scales" and a long cylindrical portion bearing long "scales". Dirty yellow, face hyaline above eyes, brownish below, darker around eyes and along edge of hyaline area, two dark marks on apex of face, dark across base and aper of clypeus, along medio-lateral portion of thorax, over ventral surface of thorax, coxae, 121 base of femora, abdomen and genitalia. Tegmina hyaline, slightly opaque with waxy secretion, veins yellow on basal half, reddish brown on apical half, apical veins and transcostal veins red, fuscous along costal, apical and hind margins, subcostal and radial veins darker, a dark mark at base of fourth median sector, two small marks in clavus and one in median cell; wings hyaline, opaque with waxy secre- tion, veins basally yellow apically fuscous. Ventral edge of pygophor straight, lateral edge slightly curved; anal segment long, dorsal surface angular, sloping from middle to sides, apex rotundate, anus at apex; styles long and narrow, apices rounded and turned inward, ventral edge gradually produced into a short wide angle about middle, dorsal edge produced into a small rounded process near base and a small spine about middle. $ Second joint of antennae globose, covered with short sense or- gans as in Kdha; posterior margin of last sternite angular, apex turned upward into base of styles. Body lighter colored than male. Length 2.5min. ; tegmen 4nim. Hab. Buitenzorg, on palms. (Mnir, ]\IaY.) I name this species after Mr. F. Leefman, to whose gnidance I owe some verv pleasant collecting trips. (2) perplexa ^Muir. From 'Bnitzenzorg, Java, on palm trees, l)oth sexes in nnm- bers. (Mnir, May.) 9 Antennae small, globous, with elevated sense organs and small "scales", last abdominal sternite as in lerfiiKiiiii. (o) extrema (Mnir). Kaha extrema Mnir, 1913 II. S. P. A. Ent. Bnll. XII, 52. This species was described from a single specimen with dam- aged antennae. I can now recognize that it shonld be placed with the above species. All three differ from the description of the generic type in the form of antennae, bnt I think there is some mistake, as pectinata is described as having antennae different from any Derbid yet known. I snbmitted specimens of one of the above species to ]\Ir. Distant, who considers it distinct from Devadanda, bnt I shall await the opportnnity to examine the type before I erect a new genns. 122 EosACCHARissA Kirk. (1) ouwensii sp. n. ^ Yellow; eyes brown, vertex and basal portion of face whitish, fuscous mark across apical portion of face. Tegmina white, opaque with waxy secretion, veins yellow spreading into cells, five black hair- lines across costal and apical radial cell more or less bordered with yellow, a small black dot in first medio-apical cell, another in fifth, a light yellow mark across clavus and over cubitus, the upper portion of cubitus and the median cross-vein bordered with fuscous. Ventral edge of pygophor produced in middle into acutely angular process, lateral edges into sharply pointed angle in middle; anal seg- ment much longer than broad, slightly broader at base than apex, apex truncate, anus at apex, from the ventral surface near apex arises a minute pointed process curved backward; styles reaching to end of anal segment, narrow, curved upward, apex rounded and turned in- ward, ventral edge produced into small angular process near base, dor- sal edge near base produced into rotundate process with a fine spine on top. 9 Last abdominal sternite longer than broad, hind edge produced acutely angularly in middle. Length 2.5mm, ; tegmen S.Simn. Hab. Biiitenzorg, Java, on palm trees. (Muir, May.) I have named this little insect after Major Ouwens of the Zoological Museum, Buitenzorg. Leptaleocera Muir. The following species differs from the type in having the head in profile ovally produced, the junction of vertex and face being at the apex of the extension ; the lateral edges of the pro- notum are curved forward ; the antennae flat but not quite so large proportionally. Until I have examined the type of Ni- certa and Interamma I am dubious as to the validity of this and certain allied genera. (1) coccinella sp. n. ^ Bright scarlet, antennae fuscous along edges, clypeus and coxae yellowish. Ventral edge of pygophor produced in middle into small plate longer than broad, slightly narrowing to apex which is formed by two arcs touching in middle, lateral edge of pygophor rounded; anal segment boat-like, longer than broad, narrowing to apex which is subtruncate, sides turned upward, anus situate in concavity of dorsal surface near 123 base; styles long, narrow, curved slightly upward, apex round, ventral edge slightly sinuous, dorsal edge complex, a small process with rounded apex arising from middle. 9 Yellow, inclining to scarlet, a dark scarlet mark through mid- dle of face to eyes, antennae brown; tegmina white, opaque with waxy secretion, veins yellow, reddish along costa, yellowish over clavus, along hind margin, apical portion of cubital cell and more or less over apical cells, scarlet mark near base of media, on cubitus and over median cells to apex; wings hyaline opaque with waxy secre- tion, reddish yellow veins. Last abdominal sternite a little wider than long, rotundately pro- duced from sides to middle; anal segment large, boatshape, bluntly rounded at apex, anus in middle. Length 2.5mm. ; tegmen 4. 5mm. Hab. Bendoredjo, Java, on palm tree. (Muir, March.) In spite of the difference in color I feel sure that these are the sexes of the same species ; more mature females may be scarlet like the male. Epotiocerus Mats. (1) flexuosus (Uhler). Otiocerus flexuosus Uhler, 1896, Pro. ISTat. Mus. TJ. S. A., p 283; Matsumura, 1904, 1000 Ins. Japan, II, p. 61., PL XXI, fig. 13. Nicerta flexuosa Muir 1914, Pro. Haw. Ent. Soc, VIII, 1, p. 48. Epotiocerus flexuosus Matsumura 1914, Ann. Mus. Xat. Hung., p. 300. The validity of this genus cannot be judged without com- parison with the type of Nicerta. $ Ventral edge of pygophor produced into a small trapezoidal plate, longer than broad, base slightly broader than apex, each corner •of apex produced into a small spine; lateral edges entire, slightly curved; anal segment slightly longer than broad, sides turned upward boatshape, apex slightly emarginate, anus in middle; styles longer than anal segment, ventral edge slightly sinuate, curved upward to- wards apex, dorsal edge deeply sinuate, pointed apex turned inward, a keel runs from apex to base on outer surface. $ Posterior edge of last abdominal sternite steeply and rotund- ately produced to middle, the produced portion longer than the basal portion, middle slightly "lipped". Specimens from Formosa differ slightly in genitalia from 124 Japanese specimens, but without fresh material for comparison they cannot be separated. Megatropis Mnir. Mesotiocenis ]\fatsmnnra 1914, Ann. ]\[ns. Xat. Hung, p. 301. (1) fonnosaua (Mats.) $ Ventral edge of pygophor straight, lateral edges slightly curved; anal segment medium size, basal half tubular, distal half semi-tubular, apex forming small downward turned lobe, anus in middle within the tubular portion; styles projecting slightly beyond anal segment, edges subparallel, curved slightly upward towards apex where slightly sinu- ate, apex rounded. 9 Last abdominal sternite as broad as long, hind margin angu- larly produced from sides to middle. (2) interruptoUneata Melichar. Three specimens from Los Banos, Lnzon, 1 S and 2 9. In the male the antenna has a projection from base of second joint somewhat similar to obliquefasciata Mel. which the female does not possess. ^ Ventral and lateral edges of pygophor straight; anal segment fairly large, basal half tubular, distal half subtubular, apex rounded, anus in middle within tubular portion; styles projecting slightly be- yond anal segment, edges very slightly sinuate, slightly increasing in width from base to middle then gradually narrowing to blunt inward- turned point. 9 Last abdominal sternite broader than long, steeply and ro- tundately produced from sides to middle; anal segment as in ^ but basal tubular portion shorter. Mysidioides Mats. Mysl(fioidc.^ :\Iatsnmnra 1904, 1000 Ins. Japan, II, p. (>0. Neocydomefopuni ^liiir 1913. II. S. P. A. Ent. Bnll. XII, p. 61. (1) jacoJ>soni (Mel.) NeocijcJonu'fopiim jacohsoni Melichar Xotes Levden Mns. XXXVI, p. 102. 125 Two male specimens from Bendoredjo, Java, on palms, (Mnir, March), which appear to be this species, the tegmina very slightly infuscate along margins. Ventral edge of pygophor straight, two small, pointed processes arising from middle, their apices diverging, lateral edges of pygophor drawn out into sharp point in middle; anal segment large, subparallel sided, apex emarginate (each corner drawn out to a point) ; styles reaching beyond anal segment, dorsal edge curved slightly upward, ventral edge deeply emarginate on basal half, apical half gradually narrowing to apex which forms a small, inwardly turned point. (■2) sapporeusis (Mats.) Two 9 specimens from Arisan, Formosa (Maki, Jnlv), and one S from Japan (Okada, on bamboo) ; nntil a male from Formosa has been examined there will be some nncertainty as to the right identification. ^ Ventral edge of pygophor straight, from between styles arises a small triangular plate, the apex produced into two divergingly curved sharp spines; lateral edges straight with a small sharp spine about middle; anal segment broad at base gradaully narrowing to down- ward turned apex, which is deeply emarginate (apex forming two spines) ; styles reaching beyond anal segment, subparallel sided to beyond middle, where it widens out on ventral edge then narrows to the inwardly turned blunt apex, a small rounded process arises about middle on inner side of ventral ed^e. 9 Last abdominal sternite broader than long, posterior edge very slightly and angularly produced from sides to middle. (3) infuscata sp. n. 9 Stramineous with castaneous markings on sides of clypeus, inner sides of antennae, between keels of pronotum and scutellum; dark brown at posterior portion of scutellum and over abdomen, legs with faint bands. Tegmina yellowish with yellow veins and irregular dark brown markings as follows: spot at base, two small bands across middle and small spot near apex of costal cell, at base of radial through median and over second cubital cells, spots at bases of sectors, over most of apical cells, especially along apical veins, spots at base and through middle of cubital cell and in clavus. Last abdominal sternite large, shield-shape, posterior margin steep- ly and rotundately produced from near the sides; anal segment small, rotundate, anus in middle. Leneth 4. 2mm. ; teginen S.4mm. 126 Hab. xlrisan, Formosa. (M. Maki, July.) Xo angle at junction of vertex and face, keels of face con- tiguous at base. (4) maculata sp. n. ^ Fuscous yellow, dark on face, antennae, ventral surface of thorax and over abdomen. Tegmina dirty white, opaque with waxy secretion, veins light yellow, black mark on hind margin at end of clavus, in some specimens forming small V, and infuscate spot in clavus, over radial cross-vein, end of subcosta and more or less over all apical cells; wings dirty white with yellowish veins. Ventral edge of pygophor straight with a small rotundate projection in middle, from the middle inner surface arises a pair of flattened divergingly curved spines bluntly pointed at apex, lateral edges slightly curved; anal segment large, sides subparallel, anus in middle, beyond anus segment curved ventrally, apex broad, roundly excavate, (each corner produced into a point) ; styles large, reaching beyond anal seg- ment, dorsal edge straight, ventral edge sinuous, produced in middle half, apex pointed and turned inward, from inner surface near base arises a small round-pointed process. 5 Markings on tegmina much smaller and fainter. Last abdomi- nal sternite wider than long, median three-fifths roundly produced. Length 3.5mni. ; tegmen 7mm. Hab. Arisan, Formosa. (M. Maki, July.) The male has no angle at jimction of vertex and face and the keels of face are contiguous at base ; the female has the vertex slightly flattened, slightly angular at junction with face and the keels of face not contiguous till a little beyond base. Platoceka Muir. (1) aXbipennis sp, n. ^ Antennae as in nhjrlfrons but not quite so flattened, sense or- gans equally distributed over its surface. Head and body stramineous to light castaneous, darker over face, edges of antennae, lateral portions of pro and mesonotum and sides of abdomen. Tegmina and wings white, opaque with waxy secretion, veins light yellow. Ventral edge of pygophor slightly and evenly convex, between the styles a bifurcate process, the apices pointed and divergingly curved with a small projection below apices on outer sides, lateral edges straight, a small angular projection from inner surface near middle; anal segment large, base broad tapering to pointed apex, anus about middle; styles large, broadest on distal half, curved slightly upward, 127 apices rounded, ventral edge produced into a small angular point about third from apex, a little below this a small process with round apex arises from inner surface. 2 Posterior edge of last abdominal sternite slightly rounded. Length 4.8mm. ; tegmen 9mm. Hab. Arisan, Formosa. (M. Maki, July.) SiKAiAT^A Dist. (1) makii sp. n. Wings half as long as tegmina, anal area forming stridulating organ. $ Stramineous, eyes brown, fuscous on antennae, apices of tibiae and sides of abdomen; tegmina white, opaque with waxy secretion, veins yellowish, a black mark across tegmina, widest over base of second and middle of first median sectors, eight small red dots on costa, at second and third red dot a black mark through costal cell, two small black spots near base, another in clavus, another at end of clavus, from apex of costa to base of third median sectors a larger black mark, black marks on hind margin near apex of median sectors; wings white, opaque with waxy secretions, a black mark in middle of hind margin. No medio-ventral process on pygophor, lateral edges roundly pro- duced on sides of anal segment; anal segment longer than broad, apex round, dorsal surface convex, ventral concave, anus near apex on ven- tral side, anal style large, subcordate, concavo-convex, looking as if apical portion of segment; styles shorter than anal segment, broad at base narrowing to apex which is turned in and ends in a minute fine spine with another slightly before apex, dorsal edge nearly entire, ventral edge roundly produced on basal half. 9 Anal segment very short, anal style large, subcordate. Length 2mm^; tegmen 5.5mm. Hab. Arisan, Formosa. (M. Maki, Jnne.). Zeugma West. (1) monticola Kirk. Several specimens from Bendoredjo, Java, on palm trees. (Mnir, March.) In the description of the genitalia of this species the apex of anal segment is described as ''angularly emarginate". This would be more correctly described as being cleft nearly down to anus, so that the apex is formed of two long ensate processes. The lateral angular projection of the pygophor has a suture 128 across the lower portion, cutting off a small triangular portion. It is very probable that this is the same as rittata Westwood. (2) jaimna sp. n. $ Vertex and face narrower than in rittata, but not so narrow as in niakii; a faint Iteel dividing vertex from face. Tegmina broader than in rittata, being produced on hind margin beyond clavus, a char- acter shared by niakii. Stramineous or light brown, darlc brown or black between keels of vertex, face and clypeus, and along outer sides of keels, dark mark down first and second coxae, two longitudinal marks on femora, the tarsi and tips of tibiae fuscous, six dark marks down scutellum, ab- dominal segments lightest on posterior edges; tegmina light strami- neous, veins yellow bordered with fuscous, fuscous over radial cell and gradate cross-veins, a round black spot at base of cubitus. Ventral edge of pygophor slightly angularly produced in middle, lateral edges forming a broad angular plate, the ventral edge of which is toothed near apex; anal segment quadrate, longer than broad, anus about middle, a small ridge across base, apex forming a flattened surface; styles longer than anal segment, lanceolate, the apices turned upward. 9 Last abdominal sternite broader than long, posterior edge pro- duced angularly towards middle, the apex turned upward, a slight lon- gitudinal depression near lateral edges. Length 4nim. ; tegmen 9mm. Hab. Bendoredjo, Java, on palm trees. (Muir, ]\rarch.) Pkoutista Kirk, It is to be regretted that several Ilomopterists actively en- gaged in describing Derbidae refnse to recognize this genns. Bierman* showed the validity of Buckton's genus Assam ia and Kirkaldy recognized it also, Proutisfa being the new name he proposed, as Buckton's was preoccupied. (1) pseudornoesta sp. n. This species differs from iiior.sta in having the face, antennae, mid- dle of thorax, lateral keels and apex of scutellum and pleura of thorax yellowish; the dark markings on tegmina slightly reduced. $ Ventral edge of pygophor produced into small point in middle, anal segment shorter, straight, apex rounded and not turned ventrad, styles long, narrow, edges subparallel except at base where inner edge * Notes from Lyden Mus. XXXIII (1910), p. 35. 129 broadens out, apex sharply pointed turned inward and upward, from inner surface near base arises a quadrate process about twice as long as broad. 9 Anal segment cylindrical, as long as broad, apex of abdomen (genital area) cylindrically produced. Length 2.5mm. ; tegmen 6mm. Hab. Bendoredjo, Java, on palms; Pasoeroean, Java, on sngar-cane (Muir) ; Bnitenzorg, Java, on palm (Leefmans). In collecting I passed over this species for nwesfa and it was only by chance that I secured a series. (2) dolosa sp. n. ^ This species differs from pseiidonwesta by its darker thorax and by the markings on tegmina and wings being still more reduced, in radial cell it only forms three bands, one near base, one over cross- vein and one at apex; on hind margin the markings form a series of fine dot at apices of veins; wings hyaline, veins dark, fuscous mark on apex. 9 Anal segment cylindrical, much shorter than broad, apex of abdomen (genital area) flattened, sunk between two small lateral plates. In the shape of genital area this is nearer to iitocKla than to psexidomoesta. Length 2.5mm. ; tegmen 6mm. Hab. Bendoredjo, Java, on palms; Pasoeroean, Java, on sngar-cane (Muir, March). P. fenestrata (Bier.) is intermediate Ix'twcen those two species. Paraproutista Muir. At the time of erecting this genus I had doubts as to the value of its chief characteristic, the furcation of the third median sector. Experience has shown its constancy ; of its ijtility there can be no doubt for the facies of the species of this and some allied genera are so similar that any good distinction is an advantage. Whether it should be considered as generic or subgeneric is a matter of personal opinion. In alhicosta, pseudoalbicosta and hrimnia the keels of face do not meet till below eyes or thereabout and are not so closely contiguous. (1) alhicosta sp. n. $ Dark stramineous or light brown, clypeus and abdomen red slightly fuscous, veins red, some eight or nine small white spots in 130 costal cell connected together by the white or yellowish white costa, small white spot on apical border with fuscous spot in middle. Pygophor very short, ventral edge straight, lateral edges angularly produced, the lower edge of angle slightly sinuous and longer than upper edge; anal segment about twice as long as wide, sides sub- parallel, apex rounded, lateral edges about middle produced into a small downward-turned angular process, anus about middle; styles in ventral view sublanceolate, apex forming blunt, hollow cone, the apical edge being rounder, below and inside of this apical cone dorsal edge complex forming a long inwardly pointed process and a smaller outwardly turned curved spine. 9 Anal segment exceedingly short, forming ring in apical portion of the ovate genital area. Length 2.7inm. ; tegmen Tinm. Hab. Bendoredjo, Java, on palms. (Muir, March.) This species is very like cocciiieo-renosa, but the genitalia is quite distinct. (2) brunnia sp. n. ^ Light brown, darker over apex of clypeus, labium and apical edge of genital styles, yellowish over keels and apex of scutellum; tegmina fuscous brown with lighter mottlings over posterior half, veins dark brown with lighter marks, lighter markings through costal and apical portion of subcostal cells and at apices of radia and media; wings light brown, veins dark. Pygophor very short, ventral edge subangularly produced in middle, lateral edges slightly and roundly produced; anal segment little longer than broad, apex broadly rounded, anus in apical half; in ventro-lateral view styles ovate, dorsal edge produced into a subquadrate process, depressed in middle and bent inward, a little distad of this a small blunt angular process turned inward. Length 4mm. ; teginen 9.5mm. LTab. Macassar, Celebes, on palms. (Mnir, May.) This has the tegmina more nniformly colored than cera- mensis and the genitalia is distinct. (3) pseudoalbicosfa sp. n. ^ Light brown, apex of clypeus and abdomen darker, antennae, legs and keels of thorax lighter, tegmina very like alhicnsto, veins not such a bright red, whitish spots along costa not so pronounced and confined more to distal half. Pygophor very short, ventral edge slightly curved in middle, lateral edges angularly produced, anal segment little longer than broad, anus 131 before middle, beyond anus segment curved downward, slightly nar- rowed to truncate apex; styles broader than long, in latero-ventral view sublanceolate, apex turned inward, dorsal edge incrassate, the margin turned inward and produced into a complex process, differing considerably from that of albicosta. 9 Anal segment exceedingly short set between two angular plates, ventral border of genital area sinuate and elevated. Length 3mm. ; tegmen 8mm. Hab. Urai, Formosa. (Muir, August.) Besides the slight difference in color this species is differ- entiated from albicosta by genital structures. (4) sauterii sp. n. ^ Stramineous tinged with green, a small black dot on each side of the third abdominal tergite another at each corner of last sternite and on anal segment above anus; tegmina hyaline, opaque with waxy secretion, veins yellow tinged with red along costa and subcosta, slightly fuscous over radial and median basal cells and on veins, espe- cially cross veins and in apical radial cells, faint spot at end of veins on hind margin. Pygophor very short, anal segment longer than broad, sides sub- parallel to anus where there is a slight constriction, rounded beyond anus with a small median lip-like process in middle; styles subqua- drate, base much narrower than apex, apical margin as long as dorsal margin, both entire and slightly rounded, a deep depression near base of ventral edge, a small, broad outwardly turned spine about middle. 5 Apex of abdomen (genital area) flattened, triangular; anal seg- ment very short, below anus two downward and inward curved pointed processes, near basal line of genital area two rounded knobs. Length 4mm. ; tegmen 9mm. Hab. Arisan, Formosa. (M. Maki, June ; Muir, August.) This species is near variegata, especially in shape of geni- talia. I have named it after Mr. H. Sauter, whose work in For- mosa has added so much to our knowledge of the zoology of that interesting island. ZoKAiDA Kirk. One of the chief characters of this genus is the narrow face formed by the contiguous lateral keels, which are continuations of the lateral keels of the vertex. Several allied genera have been erected having wider faces, with a carina or a fine groove down the middle. The nymphs of all the narrow-faced Derbi- dae, including Zoraida, have broad faces. In the nymph of Z. 132 insoJicola the face is as broad as long, the lateral edges arcuate, two pair -of carinae, one lateral and one niedio-lateral. At the last ecdysis the face is invaginated down the median line, the lat- eral keels coming together and more or less coalescing. If the head of an adult Zoraida be boiled in caustic potash the face will open out, showing, during the process, characters attributed to certain genera. From observations made on several species it appears probable that some of these genera are only imper- fectly developed specimens of Zoraida. (1) rydisfa Dist. One ? specimen from Bendoredjo, Java, which agrees with specimens from Papua and Amboina. (Muir, March, on palm tree. ) EGGIOPSIS Mui The two following species have the bulging eyes very slightly emarginate on lower margin, and the long, flat antennae of the ty])e ; the clypeus not so large proportionately as is general in Zoi-aida. (1) nigroi'Pitosa sp. n. ^ Stramineous, white with waxy secretion over pronotum, eyes brown, fuscous on antennae, tarsi and abdomen; tegmina and wings hyaline, veins dark brown or black, ends of four in apex of tegmina colorless with a small black dot where color ends. Ventral edge of pygophor produced into small lanceolate process in middle, lateral edges angular beside anal segment; anal segment spatulate with wide and short base, anus about middle; styles longer than anal segment, narrow, tip narrowed to a rounded apex and turned upward, ventral edge produced into small blunt angle before middle, dorsal edge with small round process near apex. Length S.omm. ; tegnien 8mm. Hab. Bendoredjo, Java, on palms. (Muir, March.) (2) javana Mel. ^ Ventral edge of pygophor produced into small spatulate process, lateral edges subangularly produced; anal segment much longer than broad, slightly widened beyond middle then gradually narrowed to rounded apex which is turned down slightly and "lipped", anus In middle, dorsal surface of basal half sloping to sides, a small projection in middle half way to anus; styles not reaching to end of anal seg- 133 tnent, very similar to nUjrovcnosa but more curved, the apices blunter and turned inward nearly at right angles. Bendaredjo, Java, on palms. (Miiir, March.) These two species are very close, hut the color of the neii ra- tion and the shape of genitalia, especially the anal segment, dis- tinctly separates them. My five specimens of javana are males, the species was described from a single female. Decoka Dammerman. Dichotropis Muir 1913, H. S. P. A. Ent. Bnll. XII, p. 8:]. (1) pavo Bi reman. ^ Edges of pygophor entire; anal segment as long as width of base, narrowing to truncate apex, anal style projecting beyond apex of segment; styles subovate, apex somewhat truncate, on dorsal edge from near base arises a small spine with apex bent outward. Decora Dammerman. (1) j)avo Bierman. ^ Edges of pygophor entire; anal segment as long as width of "base, narrowing to truncate apex, anal style projecting beyond apex of segment; styles subovate, apex somewhat truncate, on dorsal edge from near base arises a small spine with apex bent outward. One S specimen from Bendoredjo on palm tree, which con- forms very closely to Bierman's description. Dichotropis only differs from this in the degree of development of keels of face and slight difference in width of vertex, character not sufficient to justify its retention. Mecynokiiynchus Muir. (1) Jcersliaivi Mnir. Four specimens from Mount Maquiling. (Muir, February.) The single $ specimen of kershawi on which the genus was founded was taken in Borneo. ^ Pygophor very short, ventral edge straight, lateral edges slight- ly arcuate; anal segment very short; styles longer than broad, grad- ually widened to apex which is broad and rounded, ventral edge entire dorsal edge in middle produced into a long curved spine. 9 Last abdominal sternite very short and broad, posterior edge straight except in middle where it is produced into a minute angle. 134 (2) liyal'inus sp. n. $ Light yellow, darker on keels of face and vertex and over meso- notum and dorsum of abdomen. Tegmina hyaline, slightly oi)aque with waxy secretion, veins yellow, a black mark in middle of costal cell and one on hind margin at apex of cubitus, slightly fuscous over radial cross-vein. Pygophor exceedingly short, ventral and lateral edges straight; anal segment very short, anal style projecting beyond apex; styles acinacicate, apex truncate, reaching to anal segment, from dorsal edge near apex a small spine with small knob on apex. Length 1.6mm. ; tegmen 3.5mm. Hab. Bendoredjo, Java, on palm tree. (Mnir, March.) (3) stramineus Muir. One $ specimen from Buitenzorg, Java, off pahn tree, which I cannot separate from the Formosan species. (4) ohscurus sp. n. ^ Yellow, fuscous over face and vertex, apex of clypeus, apex of labium, femora and apices of tibiae, blood red mark on middle of first and second tibiae, dorsum of abdomen and genitalia brown, anal style brown. Tegmina hyaline, slightly fuscous and opaque with waxy secretion, veins very light yellow or white, costa darker yellow, slightly infuscate over basal half of subcosta, and bases of median sec- tors, wings hyaline, veins white. The basal portion of subcosta raised considerably. Pygophor very short, anal segment longer than wide, anal style projecting beyond apex from under side; styles longer than wide, widest near apex, apex rotundate, dorsal edge roundly produced near base and drawn out into a sharp spine about middle, the spine curved at apex. Length 1.4mm. ; tegmen 3.5mm. Hab. Bnitenzorg, Java, on pahn tree. (]\Inir, Mav.) (5) fuscus sp. n. ^ Yellow, fuscous over dorsal surface of head and thorax, abdo- men and genitalia fuscous, pleura tinged with red. Tegmina fuscous, veins dark except in costal cell and apical margin where they are yel- low, basal portion of costal cell nearly hyaline; wings fuscous with dark veins; both tegmina and wings with slight waxy secretion. Pygophor very short, edges straight; anal segment short, anal style projecting beyond apex; styles subquadrate, base narrower than 135 apex, apex slightly rounded, spine on dorsal edge curved, with small knob at apex. This genitalia comes near to hi/aliiiiis. Length l.Smiii. ; tegineii 3.5iiiin. Hab. Buitenzorg', Java, on palm tree. (Mnir.) Levu Kirkaldj. The presence of a well-developed shonlder keel on tlu^ pro- notnni distingnishes this genns from Rliotana; there is a slight difference in nenration of tegmina and in general shape. The genns is not recognized by some Homopterists, bnt the distinc- tion is useful even if only considered as of snbgeneric value. (1) ioroensis (Mats.). Bliolium forociisis Matsumura. (2) hopponis (Mats.). BJiofaiKi Jioppoiiis Matsumura. (3) matsiDiiurae s]). n. ^ Yellowish red, apical portion of abdomen darker red, legs light yellow. Tegmina, vitreous, veins yellowish, at apex of clavus a brown or fuscous mark from hind margin to first median sector, brown- ish at base of second median sector and over apical cross-veins, four small black dots on basal half of subcosta; wings hyaline, veins white. Pygophor laterally compressed, ventral edge not produced, lateral edges broadly anugularly produced in middle; anal segment small, lit- tle longer than broad, anus at apex, anal style spatulate, longer than broad, projecting beyond end of segment; styles longer than broad, slightly narrowed at base, apex rounded, a small curved blunt pointed spine on inner surface near base. 9 Last sternite of abdomen broader than long, hind margin in middle produced into angular process which turns up between base of styles; anal segment exceedingly short, anal styles small, narrowly spatulate. Length 2.5nini. ; teginen 4nnn. Hab. Arisan, Formosa. (Maki, July; Mnir, August.) (-t) qmulnunaculala sp. n. ^ Light yellow, slightly tinged with red on face, tegmina hya- line slightly opaque with waxy secretion, veins yellow, a yellowish band bordered with fuscous from the hind margin apical of clavus to 136 costa, broadest over media then narrowing to costa, fuscous yellow over apical portion of subcosta and radia and over apical cross-veins, a row of four black spots on cross-veins between median sectors; wings hyaline, opaque with waxy secretion, veins white or light yel- low. Pygophor laterally compressed, ventral edge not produced, lateral edges slightly and very broadly angularly produced in middle; styles considerably longer than broad, narrowest at base, apex narrowly rounded, from middle of inner surface arises a small, outwardly curved, blunt pointed spine, a small rounded process arises near base. 9 Last abdominal sternite broader than long, hind margin angu- larly produced from sides to middle. Length 2.5nmi. ; tegineii 4.5iniii. Hab. Arisan, Formosa. (M. Maki, July.) (5) lucida sp. n. 9 This species differs from the type of the genus in having the basal half of the costa arcuate and the costal cell very broad, espe- cially the basal half. Light yellow, front and middle femora streaked with red. Teg- mina yellowish and dull in middle, brown and glittering around bor- ders, three glittering spots at apex, one hyaline and two black; veins in median portion white with fuscous marks, in other parts of tegmina yellowish, wings white with white veins. Length 2.5mni. ; tegnien 4nmi. Hab. Poespoe, East Java. (Mnir, April.) Notes on Hawaiian Roaches. r.V J. F. ILLINOWOETir. Leuropliaea suriname^if^is Fab. On Mav 21st, 1914, T collected 10 pairs of this burrowing roach from the loose soil, nnder stones, on the College Farm. I placed these in a large jar with a quantity of the soil in which I had found them. They were fed on various substances, but I found that they took kindly to bread and the inner part of banana skins ; refusing meat, butter, insect remains, etc. June 1st, I found many young had been born — it has been noted that this is one of our four vivi])arous species. During Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc. Ill, No. 2, July, 1915. 137 that snininer the birth-rate was enormous, so tliat the soil was literally swarming with yonng of various stages. Early in Sep- tember, I found most of the adults were dead, and all of them covered with mites. Since these mites did not appear to attack the nyni])hs, I removed all of the old roaches from the jar, at once, and wet down the soil. The activity of the young roaches in scrambling thru the soil may account for their freedom from attack. March 15, 1915, the first adult emerged ; a second one ap- peared on March '2Hth, and another today — April 1st, being iO months a nymph. Since these roaches lived in their native soil and were continually sup]ilied with food and drink, we get some notion of the length of their i)eriod of development under rather favorable conditions. Bhyparohia maderae (Fab.). ISTine adult specimens, received from Hilo, Hawaii, on N"ov. 14, 1914, thru the kindness of Bro. Matthias Newell and Mr. Ehrhorn, have given me the opportunity to make observations on this, our largest roach. These insects came over in a box, packed in moss; and I have kept them in this same material, transferring them to a glass jar with a cover of wire screen. A small quantity of water was sprinkled on the moss and they were supplied with bits of bread. They were evidently very hungry, for they be- gan eating at once and sipping up the water. A Viviparous Species. The day following their arrival I discovered young in the moss. These were separated out into another jar with some of the moss ; and found to be 32 in number. They have much the appearance of the ordinary sowbug, in form and color. This makes the fourth viviparous species for our Hawaiian fauna. This habit of bearing living young appears to be rather uncommon among roaches in general, being confined to tropical species. The first case mentioned in the literature* was a South American form {Panchlora viridis). Insect Life, Vol. Ill, p. 443. 1891. 138 Stridulation. This species produces a very noticeable striditlation, wlien- ever disturbed. By holding the insect between the fingers, we are able to observe that the sound is produced by rubbing the caudal border of the pronotum over the mesonotuni. The strid- ulation can be made l)y working these parts together with the fingers. DiSAGKEEABLE OdOR. None of our roaches are more disagreeable to handle. While most roaches emit a liquid fecal matter, when disturbed, I have never found a species before that couipares witli this for the unpleasant odor. Rhyparohia maderae feeds extensively upon insect remains. This is especially true with the nymphs, which eat up their own cast skins as fast as they shed them. I have not found them eating each other, but they soon clean up the renuxins of any soft-bodied insects that I i)lace in the jars ; a large dragon-fly will be eaten over-night. The period of development of this species is evidently some- what longer than that of L. surinamensis; nymphs at 4 months are less than one-fourth the size of the adults. PJiyllodromia lio.'^pes Perk. HAB. Under stones, r\d)bisli, etc. ; out of doors, also in houses. The females of this species are wingless. I found them in great numbers on the Waialae beach, beyond Diamond Head, among camp refuse. They were associated with NaupJioeta hi- vitata, Phyllodromia hieroglyphica and Eleutheroda dytiscoides. One specimen of Rhyparohia maderae nymph, was also found in this place. Several of the females were found with the oothe- cae still attached to them. On JMay 4th, 1914, one of these re- producing females and a male were placed in a jar in the labora- tory where observations were made on the reproductive habits as indicated below: 139 1914. May 14th 1st ootheca Hatched Aug. 30th. 108 days. Ootheca very dry. " 20th 2nd " " 23rd 3rd " " 28th 4th " June 1st 5th " " 8th 6th " " 16th 7th " " 24th 8th " " 30th 9th " July 3rd 10th " " 6th 11th " " 10th 12th " " 12th 13th " " 15th 14th " Male died. " 17th 15th " " 19th 16th " " 22nd 17th " 25th 18th " Aug. 1st 19th " " 6th 20th " 13th 21st " 17th 22nd " " 23rd 23rd " " 28th 24th " Sept. 2nd 25th " " 7th 26th " " 15th 27th " Hatched Oct. 20th, time 35 days. 20 young. ' 20th 28th " Hatched Oct. 26th, time 36 days. 20 young. " 25th 29th " Dried up. Open vials. " 3(rth 30th " " Oct. 8th 31st " " " " " " 14th 32nd " " " " " " 20th 33rd " Hatched Dec. 4th, time 45 days. 18 young. " 28th 34th " Hatched Dec. 10th, time 43 days. 20 young. Nov. 14th 35th " Dried up — cotton plugs in vials. " 21st 36th " Dried up — cotton plugs in vials. Dec. 1st 37th " 1/2 size. Dried up— cotton plugs in vials. 10th 38th " 1/2 size. Dried up— cotton plugs in vials. 1915 Apr. 12th No more oothecas produced. Tlie egg cases were at first kept in open vials, after removing them from the jar, bnt the eggs dried out too much, so that many of them did not emerge at alL Later, in order to deter- mine how long she conld produce fertile eggs, after the death of the male, I placed each ootheca in a corked vial on the day tliat it was laid, and left these in the table drawer. Those that I treated in this wav — the 27th, 28th, 33rd, and 34th cases — 140 hatched without inidne drying, in an average of ahont six weeks. Evidently she is able to prodnee fertile eggs several months after mating and, qnite possildy, as long as her egg-laying period lasts. " At the present writing (April 1) this female appears to be well-fed and contented tho she has ])rodn('ed no more egg-cases. Bees Destructive to Hardwood. BY J. F. ILLINGW.ORTII. Xyloco'pa aeneipennis de Geer, LUhurgus alhofimhriatus Sich. These two species were found recently, working in a large block of Koa {Acacia l-oa Gray), which had been stored for some time, with other hnnber under a building. The principal dam- age was to the sap-wood, but in several places the burrows ex- tended into the hardest portions of the seasoned heart-wood. The first species made its entrance thru the ends of the block, following pretty much the grain. Opening up the inside, the nest was found to be a series of longitudinal, tubular bur- rows, placed side by side; each individual burrow being about 3 to 6 inches in length, and the several chandjers were connected by side openings. Young in all stages were found, but only one specimen in each tube. The lower end of the chambers contain- ing the larvae was stored with a pollen-mass, similar to ordinary bee-bread; and each slender white larva rested with its head in this. In several of the tubes partial wooden partitions had been formed across, near the end, from chewed wood-pulp. The small chambers thus set off were about three-fourths of an inch in length, and in one case several of these had been formed one above another ; their use is not evident, since the pupae usually lie exposed in the cavities in which they have developed. Another block of wood was found later that showed perfectly the partitions, in which case they were entire, enclosing full- grown larvae, one above another, in series of threes. The burrows of the small species were much more irregular, cutting in every direction. In many places they opened into the chambers of the large species ; and they probably lived harmo- niously together, for apparently they used the same exit. No specimens of LHhurgus were found in the nest, but the appearance would indicate that it had been recently abandoned. In the ends of many of the burrows were the fresh cocoons of the emerged bees, and in some places the dry bee-bread still remained. CO:N'TEIsTTS of vol. IIL No. 2. Swezey, O. II. A ISTote on Technomyrmex alhipes [Ilym.] 56 " " A Note on Nesotocus giffardl [Col.] 57 '' " Notes oji Orneodes objurgatella [Lep.] 58 " " Notes on Crocidosema marcidellum [Lep.] 61 " " .. Notes on the Oviposition of Diarhus au- ratm [Col.] 62 " " * New Hawaiian Mierolepidoptera 64 " " List of Additions to Lepidopterons Fanna of Hawaii 65 " " Some Ilyperparasites of White Grubs 71 Warren, Alfred. Dragonflies and Their Food 72 Swezcy, O. IT. A Leaf-Mining Cranefly in Hawaii 87 Giffard, W. M. Investigation of Spread of Frnitfly Para- sites in Kona, Hawaii 90 Swezey, O. H. New Species of Hawaiian Moths 93 " " Insects from French Frigate Shoals 98 " " A Preliminary List of the Hymenopterous Parasites of Lepidoptera in Hawaii [Annual Address] 99 " " Hawaiian Lahoulheiiia and Their Hosts.... 110 Illingworth, J. F- Fse of C^ockroaches in Medicine 112 Giffard, W. M. Description of an Interesting New Crahro from Kauai [Hym.] » 115 Mnir, F. New and Little-Known Derhidae 116 Illingworth, J. F. Notes on Hawaiian Roaches 136 " '' Bees Destructive to Hardwood 140 Paradise-Pacific Print. 9-11^ (XnJu i9f(^ cu , ^^ Vol. III., No. 3. Septembek, 1916 PROCEEDINGS OF THE HAWAIIAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY MA Y.DECEMBER. 1915 HONOLULU. HAWAII PRICE 50 CENTS OFFICERS 1915 PRESIDENT E. M. EHRHORN VICE-PRESIDENT J. F. ILLINGWORTH SECRETARY-TREASURER H. T. OSBORN EDITOR OF PROCEEDINGS O. H. SWEZEY MEMBERSHIP 1915 Back, E. A. Bridwell, J. C. Bryan, W. A. Carter, G. R. Cooke, J. P. Ehrhorn, E. M. Fullaway, D. T. Giffard, W. M. Holmes, H. Illingworth, J. F. "Koebele, A. Kuhns, D. B. Mant, C. P. Muir, P. Rlunro, James *Newell, Bro. Matthias Osborn, H. T. Pemberton, C. E. ♦Perkins, R. C. L. Potter, W. R. R. ♦Sharp, D. Swezey, O. H. Tenney, E. D. Waterhouse, A. Wilder, G. P. ♦Honorary members. All correspondence should be addressed to the Secretary, Hawaiian Entomological Society, Experiment Station, H. S. P. A., Honolulu, Hawaii, from whom copies of the Proceedings may be purchased. Volume I of the Proceedings, for 1905-07 (in fiA^e numbers), con- tains 210 pages, 4 plates and 5 text figures. Price of the complete volume, $2.00. Volume II, No. 1, contains 35 pages, 1 cut and 1 por- trait. Volume II, No. 2, contains 53 pages, 2 plates and 3 cuts. Vol- ume II, No. 3, contains 57 pages and 2 plates. Volume II, No. 4, con- tains 45 pages and 1 plate. Volume II, No. 5, contains 121 pages, 2 plates and 1 cut. Volume III, No. 1, contains 53 pages and 1 cut. Vol- ume III, No. 2, contains 86 pages, 1 plate and 1 cut. Price of any single number, 50 cents. PROCEEDINGS OF THE Hawaiian Entomological Society Vol. Ill, jSTo. 3. May to December 1915. September 1916. MAY 6Tir,. 1915. The one Innidred-seventeenth meeting of the Society was held in the usual place, President Ehrhorn in the chair. Other members present: Messrs. Back, Bryan, Fullaway, Illingworth, Mant, Muir, Osborn, Pemberton, and Swezey. Three students of Professor Illingworth's from the College of Hawaii were present as visitors : A. H. Case, Y. Kutsunai, and H. E. Starratt. Minutes of previous meeting read and approved. ENTOMOLOGICAL PROGRAM Mr. Muir gave a short summary of a paper he was pre- paring for publication on "A Review of the K^ative Genera of Hawaiian Delphacidae," which contained quite a number of new species. ]\Ir. Sw^ezey stated that this was one of the groups in which he had collected for several years, and that he considered that other grouj)s would yield new species siuiilarly if more thoroly collected. Mr. Fullaway remarked on the very large number of un- described species which he had found in looking over material of the genus Sierola, collected by Mr. Swezey, Mr. Giifard, and himself. In consideration of some of the subjects touched on by Mr. Muir above, Mr. Bryan mentioned some evidences of depres- sion and elevation which he had recently been making observa- tions on in the Waianae region. Well drillings in one of the valleys show silt to 1500 feet below sea level, from which it is estimated that there has been a subsidence of at least 3000 feet since the valley was eroded. Some elevated coral reefs 142 of the Eocene age show an elevation of GO to 80 feet since that time. Bruchid in palm seeds. — Mr. Ehrhorn exhibited a Bruchid fonnd in a shipment of pahn seeds from Cnba. A Chalcid had emerged in numbers from the shipment and observations by Mr. Fnllaway indicated it to be a parasite attacking the Bruchid eggs but emerging from the pupae. If satisfied of its parasitic habit on Bruchids, the parasite will be released here. Chrysidid. — ^Mr. Mant exhibited several specimens of a Chrvsidid captured at his residence in Manoa. It was an undetermined species which has onlv" lately made its appear- ance here, the first specimen having been collected in June, 1914, by Mr. Potter. Chrysomyza aen-ea. — j\Ir. Fnllaway reported finding a mass or the larvae of this Ortalid breeding in horse and cow manure at Waialae, about 50% of which proved to be parasitized by Spalangia. Telespiza ultima. — Professor Bryan reported this as a new species of bird from ISTihoe or Bird Island, taken by Captain Brown of the ''Thetis." The description will be in a forth- coming number of the "Auk." Chinese thrush.— Proiessor Bryan reported that he was trying some feeding experiments on the Chinese thrush. A nest had been upturned, the three nestlings found were placed in a rat trap in which the mother bird was captured later. In this connection, Mr. Ehrhorn mentioned that dried water boatmen was the favorite bird-food used by the Chinese bird men on vessels. Coconut leaf-roller [Omoides hlacl-burni (Butl.)] de- stroyed by ants. — Professor Illingworth reported that these moths began depositing eggs on his coconut trees in Palolo Valley, March 16, 1915, and continued to the present (May 6, 1915), but none of the caterpillars had been able to resist the attacks of the ants (PheidoU megacephala) long enough to pupate. A few of the larvae reached almost full size, but they had to finally succumb. The ants were first observed, actually at work, destroying a young colony, on April 14th last. They first cut away the under-part of the web, that protects the caterpillars, and then pulled them out. In a number of cases they were seen eating the egg-masses, and 14P> several times they were found attacking the almost fnll-grown larvae. Sitodrepa 'panicea in curry. — Professor Illingworth ex- hibited a bottle of curry very much infested by the common drng store or bread beetle. JUXE 3rd, 1915. The one hundred-eighteenth meeting of the Society was held in the usual place, President Ehrhorn in the chair. Other members present: Messrs. Back, Kidms, Pemberton, Swezey, and Wilder; and Mr. August Busck of the U. S. National Museum, visitor. In the absence of the Secretary, Mr. Swezey was appointed Secretary pro tern. Minutes of previous meeting read and approved. EXTO:\rOLOCITCAL PROGRAM. Mango ireevil. — Mr. Ehrhorn mentioned that Captain Kid- well had sent mangoes from his place in Manoa Valley, hav- ing specks on them which had turned out to be where the mango weevil had laid eggs. Mr. Wilder stated that on ac- count of infestation by the mango weevil the past year, only about 18% of the mango seeds germinated in his propagation work. He further stated that he had never found the Chi- nese chutney and the Xo. 9 mango to be attackd by the Medi- terranean fruitfly. Pseudococcus nipae.- — Dr. Back exhibited some samples of a kind of sugary honey-dew produced abundantly on giiava leaves by this mealybug. The spcimens were collected in Kona, Hawaii. He also exhibited excellent photogTaphs of some of the leaves. Hypocala andremona. — ~Slv. Wilder reported that his Diro- spyros (or Ehenaster) tree had never again been infested with caterpillars since the time in 1908 when it was so badly eaten by the numerous caterpillars of this moth. Cremastus hymeniae. — Mr. Swezey exhibited a specimen of this Ophionid and called attention to the fact that it has a large number of hosts, being parasitic on the caterpillars of a good many species of Pyralids and Tortricids. It first began to be noticed about Honolulu in 1910, and has now spread all 144 over the Island, even into the mountains, where it attacks many native species of moths. It is not yet known where this para- site came from. It was descrihed from specimens collected here — bred from Hymenia recurvalis. Mr. Busck made some remarks on first impressions in Ha- waii, and commented on the scarcity of the native insect fanna here as compared with other places he had visited in the Tropics. JULY 1st, 1915. The one hundred-nineteenth meeting was held in the usual place. Xo quorum being present, only informal entomological discussions took place. Those present were Messrs. Ehrhorn, Fullawav, Illingworth, Osborn, and Mr, Busck, visitor. SEPTEMBEE 2xd, 1915. The one hundred-twentieth meeting of the Society was held in the usual place, President Ehrhorn in the chair. Other members present : ]\Iessrs. Kuhns, Illingworth, Mant, Osborn, Potter, and Swezey ; and Mr. August Busck, visitor. ^■OTES AXD EX'niBITIOXS. Nydalemon patroclas. — Mr. ]\lant exhibited a fine male specimen of this large moth, which was captured by one of the ofiicers of the British steamer "City of Bristol," about 300 miles from the l^icobar Islands. Azya lutiepes. — Mr. Ehrhorn reported finding this Cocci- nellid abundant at Moanalua. It was introduced from Mexico by Mr, Koebele in 1908, and first recovered in 1910, but was rarely seen till a few years later. Paralaptomastix ahnormis. — Mr. Ehrhorn reported having brought a colony of this mealybug parasite from the California State Insectary, where it is being reared in large numbers on Pseudococcus citri and distributed in the State. It had been introduced from Sicily the previous year. Mr. Ehrhorn tried it on five of the local mealybugs and found it to attack three of .them: Pseudococcus citn, P. virgalus, and P. bromeliae. 145 Rhyparobia maderae.- — Professor Illingworth stated that young of this roach which he had under observation had com- pleted their life cycle in 9 months and 15 days. Eleidheroda dytiscoides. — The habits of this roach were discussed. Mr. Osborn reported having been shown a grove of algaroba trees at Makaweli, Kauai, in which a large num- ber of the trees within an area of about 25 acres had had the bark scraped off from the upper limbs and portions of the larger branches so that there was considerable dead tim- ber. The appearance of the scraped limbs was very similar to the cypress twigs that have been killed by this roach having eaten off the bark, and it may be that it has also been injuring the algaroba in the same way. Mr. Kuhns reported having ob- served similar injury to algaroba trees at Waianae. Mr. Illing- worth statetd that he had often seen this roach very abundant about the base of algaroba trees. Mr. Swezey and Mr. Ehrhorn reported briefly on the meet- ings of the Entomological Society of America and American Association of Economic Entomologists, which they had at- tended at Berkeley, Cal., early in August. OCTOBEE Ttii, 1915. The one hundred-twenty-first meeting was held in the usual place, Vice-President lUingAvorth in the chair. Other mem- bers present : Messrs. Giffard, Osborn, Pemberton, Swezey ; and Mr. August Busck, visitor. Minutes of previous meeting read and approved. ENTOMOLOGICAL PROGRAM. Agroiis ypsilon. — Mr. Giffard exhibited a specimen of this cosmopolitan moth which he had captured flying about in his cabin on board the steamer "Sonoma," when three days out of San Francisco. The incident illustrates how readily such in- sects may effect their introduction to Hawaii. Catorama mexicana. — Professor Illingworth called atten- tion to the ease with which this beetle is distributed thru commerce. He had recently found specimens in a tightly sealed tin of chocolate from ]^ew York. Crater Lake insects. — Mr. Swezey exhibited a collection 146 of about IGO species of insects which he had taken during a two days' stay at Crater Lake, Oregon, in July. "Gonatocerns mexicanus," a Mymarid parasitic in the eggs of "Draieculacephala mollipes" in Hawaii. BY OTTO II. SWEZEY. Two specimens of this Mymarid were caught on sedges at Kapiolani Park, Honolulu, August 26, 1915. In examin- ing the eggs of D. mollipes in sedges, some were found con- taining different parasites than had been previously reared from these eggs here. Rearing some of these parasites they proved to be a Mymarid species, which, on comparison with Dr. Perkins' type of Gonatocerus mexicanus, apparently agrees with it. This species was described from specimens bred by Mr. Koebele from Jassid eggs in grass, Chapultepec, Mexico, in 1907. (Ent. Bui., Exp^ Station, H. S. P. A., 10, p. 21, 1912.) At that time Koebele was studying egg-parasites of leaf- hoppers, and attempted the introduction of several species from America. This one must have been amongst them, tho there was no rccoi-d of it. My finding it at this time is the first record of its having become established here. Ootetrastichus heatus was also bred from eggs of D. mol- lipes collected the same day at Kapiolani Park as the above. This now makes four different species of parasites breeding in the eggs of this Jassid in Honolulu. Two Trichogram- mids: Jassidophthora lidea and Westivoodella caeridocephala, described by Fullaway on pages 22 and 23 of Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc. Ill, 1914. A Eulopid: Ootetrastichus heatus, which parasitizes the sugar cane leaf-hopper and was purposely introduced from Fiji in 1905. A Mymarid: Gonatocerus mexicanus. The Anagrus sp. reported on page 9, Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc, III, 1914, as having been bred from eggs of D. mollipes, proved later to be from the eggs of Kelisia paludum, whose eggs w^ere in the same sedges as those of D. nwllipes and were overlooked at the time. Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc. Ill, No. 3, September, 1916. 147 A Note on "Tineola uterella" in Hawaii. BY OTTO II. SWEZEY, Mr. xViigTist Busck has called my attention to this species of moth among the specimens labelled Oecia macidata in the cabinet of the Experiment Station, H. S. P. A. In fact, nearly all so-labelled proved to be Tineola uterella. This spe- cies has not been previously recorded in the Hawaiian Islands. Walsingham, in the Fanna Hawaiiensis, records a single speci- men of 0. maailata,- without locality, collected by Blackburn in the Hawaiian Islands. This no doubt was collected in Honolulu. Walsingham remarks that 0. macidata is ''ex- tremely similar in appearance to Tineola iderella." This and the fact that only the former had been recorded here, led to my confusion of the two species, which I am now able to separate readily, since having their distinctions pointed out by Mr. Busck. They both occur in the West Indies and Brazil, from where they were described. Their larvae are said to have similar habits, in that they live in flattened cases and are found about the walls of houses. In Honolulu, T. iderella is much more conmion than 0. maculata, for I have collected but one specimen of the latter , in 11 years of collecting; whereas, the former I have collected frequently from many localities in the Islands, and also reared it from the larval cases so commonly seen about buildings. A Braconid, Protapanteles hawaiiensis, is often bred from these cases. It will be necessary to make a correction in a statement about this parasite on page 108 of Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, Vol. Ill, 1915. Tineola iderella should be substituted for Oecia macidata as the host of this Braconid. Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc. Ill, No. 3, September, 1916. 14S Notes on the Orthopteroid Insects of the Fiji Islands. BV LAWRENCE BltTXER. (Presented by O. H. Swezey.) TXTRODUCTIOX. During the latter part of lOl-'] the compiler of these notes had the pleasure of visiting the entomologists of Hawaii in Honolulu. While there the subject of orthopteroid insects naturally came up for discussion along with other matters entomological. Among the specimens examined were a num- ber of Orthoptera from the Fiji Islands. Most of these were brought along to the University of Nebraska to be studied. Later a second collection of these insects taken in the same islands was receivd from Professor J. F. Illingworth of the College of Hawaii. In studying this material a list of these insects for the group of islands was prepared as a basis for the determina- tions of the forms in hand. Several new forms were found among the collections studied and their descriptions are given herewith. In this paper the Isoptera or termites are not in- cluded. BLATTOIDEA. Allacta spuria (Brunner). Phyllodromia spuria Brunn., i^ouv. Syst. Blatt. p. 96 (1865); Kirby Syn. Cat. Orth., I, p. 93 (1904). Allacta spuria Shelf ord, Genera Ins. Fasc. 73, p. 18, pi. 2, fig. 7 (1908). For additional synonomy see Shelf ord, 1. c. 'Not found in the collections seen, but originally de- scribed from the Fiji Islands. Phyllodromia vitrea Brunner. Phyllodromia vitrea Brunn., Nouv. Syst. Blatt. p. 109, Xo. 28 (18G5); Kirby, Syn. Cat. Orth. I, p. 95 (1904) ; Shelford, Genera Ins. Fasc. 73, p. 15 (1908). Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc. Ill, No. 3, September, 1916. 149 Blatta rifix'u Saiiss., ]\Iiss. Mex., Ortli. p. -K), pi. I, fig. 18 (1870). Blatta dilatata $ , Saiiss., Rev. Zool. (2) XX, p. 98 (1868). A specimen in the collection of the College of Hawaii conies from Xadi, where it was taken in Angnst, 1913. Phyllodromia germanica (Linnaens). Blatta germanlca Linn,, Syst. Xat. (ed. XII) I, (2) p. 668, Xo. 1 (1767). Blatta ohUquatn Daklorf, Skriv. Xat. Selsk. Vol. 2 (2), p. 164 (1793). Edohius germanica Steph., 111. Brit. Ent., Mand. VI, p. 46 (1835). For additional synonomy see Shelford, Genera Ins. Fasc. 73, p. 11, and Kirby, Syn. Cat. Orth. I, p. 87. This insect is cosmopolitan and occnrs in all temperate and tropical seaports, as well as in most inland cities and towns, where it has been carried by commerce. Possibly too common to have been taken. Phyllodromia bivittata (Serville). Blatta bivittata Serv., Hist. Ins. Orth. p. 108 (1839). Phyllodromia bivittata Sanss., Miss. Mex. Orth. p. 28 (1870); Kirby, Syn. Cat. Orth. I, p. 87 (1904); Shelford, Genera Ins. Fasc. 73, p. 11 (1908). The two-lined cockroach, like the preceding, is very widely distribnted over the warmer portions of the earth, where it has been carried by commerce. The same re- marks might be made of this as of the preceding species. Phyllodromia suppellectilum (Serville). Blatta sup pell ecilhnn Serv., Hist. Ins. Orth. p. 108 (1839). For a rather fnll synonomy of this species see Shelford, Genera Ins. Fasc. 73, p. 11 (1908). This is still another of the cosmopolitan species that occurs in all seaports of tropical and subtropical countries. See remarks regarding germanica and bivittata. 150 Phyllodromia rufescens (Beaiivois). Blatta rufesceus Beaiiv., Ins. Afr. Amcr. p. 183, Ortli. pi. lb, f. 7 (1805). For synonoiny see Kirbv, Syn. Cat. Ortli. I, p. 82, and Shelf ord, Genera Ins. Fasc. 73, p. 11. Still a fourth cosmopolitan species of the g-enns Pliyllo- dromia is to he met witli in these islands. While not rep- resented in the collection stndied, it certainly occnrs in the Fijis. Phyllodromia notulata (Stal). Blatta notulata Stal, Freg. Eiigen. Resa, Ent. p. 308 (1858). Allada notulata Kirby, Syn. Cat. Orth. I, p. 100 (1904). Pliyllodromia notulata Shelford, Genera Ins. Fasc. 73, p. 13 (1908). Phyllodroniia hieroglyph ica Brnnn., Jsouv. Syst. Blatt. p. 105 (1865). There are specimens in the collection of the College of Hawaii taken at Xadi dnring the month of Jnne, 1913. Temnopteryx ferruginea sp. nov. Rather small, ferrugineo-piceous with a testaceous border on the sides of the pronotum and abdomen, legs also testaceous with prominent piceous maculae on coxae, femora and tibiae. Tegmina and wings abbreviated, the former obliquely truncated internally at apex, their inner margins touching; wings narrow, sublinear, as long as the tegmina. Dorsum and venter becoming piceous at outer margins and adjoining the narrow testaceous border. Spines of legs piceous at their base. Head ferruginous, paler on the vertex, the clypeus testaceous; maxillae testaceous, the apical joint infuscated; antennae also somewhat infuscated. Length of body, $ , 10 mm.; of pronotum, 2.85 mm.; width of pronotum, 4 mm.; length of tegmina, 3 mm. Habitat. — A single female, the type, comes from Rewa, Fiji (Mnir, 1900). Cutilia nitida (Hrnnner). Flatyzostcrla nitida Bnnmer, Nonv. Syst. Blatt. p. 214 (1865). 151 Cufdianitida Shelford, Genera Ins. Fasc. 109, p. 8 (1910). For synonomy see Shelford, 1. c. Habitat. — Malay Arcliipel. etc. ; Suva, Fiji, Aug. 25, 1913 (College of Hawaii). These specimens were col- lected from cocoanut leaf sheaths. Cutilia feejeeana sp. nov. A single 9 specimen of a second and rather closely related species of "Cutilia" is at hand. The color of this insect is a deep piceo-ferruginous and in form it is somewhat broader than the preceding. Its length is 23 mm., its greatest width 16 mm., length of pronotum 7.5 mm., width of hind margin of pronotum 15 mm., length of hind tibiae 10.75 mm. Habitat.— Rewa, Fiji (Muir, lOOG). Type in the collection of L. Bruner. Stylopyga rhombifolia (Stoll). Blatta rJiomhifolia Stoll, Spectres, Blatt. p. 5, pi. 3d, fig. 13 (1813). For synonomy see Shelford, Genera Ins. Fasc. 109, p. 14, and Kirby, Syn. Cat. Orth. I, p. 135 (1901). This is a cosmopolitan insect that is very widely dis- seminated thruout the Oriental region. It is especially common in the islands of the Pacific. It should be found in the principal seaports of the Fijis, Blatta orientalis Linnaeus. Blatta orientalis Linn., Syst. Xat. (ed. X) I, p. 424, A^o. 7 (1758). For synonomy see Kirby, Syn. Cat. Orth. I, p. 137 (1904). Found about the wharves, in dwelling houses, hotels, business blocks, etc., thruout the civilized world; also to some extent out-of-doors in the tropical forests. N'o specimens are at hand, possibly because of its being too common and well known. Blatta rotundata (Brunner). Peiiplaneta rotundata Brunn., Xouv. Svst. Blatt. p. 230 (1865). 152 This moderately large insect appears to be confined entirely to the Fiji Islands. jSTo specimens are at hand. Hence it wonld seem either to be rare or else confined to the jnngles or some special haunts awaj- from human habi- tations. Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus). Blaita americana Linn., Svst. Xat. (ed. X) I, p. 424, Xo. 4 (1758). For synonomy see Kirby, Syn. Cat. Orth. I, p. 140, and Shelford, Genera Ins. Fasc. 109, p. 18. A cosmopolitan cockroach that occurs both about build- ings and in the forests. A single specimen taken at ISTadi during the month of July is classed here. It is contained in the College of Hawaii collection. Periplaneta/ australasia (Fabricius). Blatta auMralasia Fabr., Syst. Ent. p. 271, No. 5 (1775). For synonomy see Kirby and Shelford, 1. c. A cosmopolitan species of the forests rather than of the cities, but by no means absent from the latter locality. Keported from the Fijis, but not present in the collections examined. Diploptera dytiscoides (Serville). Blatfa dytiscoides Scrv., Hist. Ins. Orth. p. 102 (1839). For synonomy see Kirby, Syn. Cat. Orth. I, p. 176 (1904). Habitat. — Quite general over the Oriental region. Muir collected it at Kewa,"Fiji, in 190G. Several other cosmopolitan roaches undoubtedly are to be met with in these islands, as for example Leucophoea surinamensis (Linn.), Rhyparohia maderae (Fabr.) and Nauphoeta cinerea (Oliv.), all of which are common in adjoining islands. PHASMOIDEA. Pterobrimus depressus Redtenbaeher. Fterobrinuis depressus Redt., Ins. Fam. Phasm. p. 43 (190(3). 153 Habitat. — Fidji-Tnseln (Coll. Eedt. and :Miis. Tlam- bnrg). Xot in the collection studied. Chitoniscus lobipes Redtenbacher. Cltitoniscus: lobipes Redt., Ins. Fam. Phasm. p. 178, pi. VI, fig. 15 (1906). Habitat. — Yiti, Fidscbi-Inseln (Coll. Redt.). This insect is likewise absent from the various collections ex- amined by me. Chitoniscus lobiventris (Blanchard). Pln/Uium lohlvcntre Blancb., Voy. Pole Snd. Zool. IV, p. 359, Orth. pi. I, fig. 9 $ (1853) ; Westw. Cat. Phasm. p. 174, pi. 39, fig. 5 2 (1859). Chitoniscus Johivcntrls Stal, Eecens. Orth. Ill, p. 105 (1875); Redt., Ins. Fam. Phasm. p. 179 (1906). Habitat. — Fiji Isls. (]\Ins. Hamburg, Mus. Paris, etc.). ]^ot among the specimens now studied. Chitoniscus feejeeanus (Westwood). PliyUium feejeeanam West., Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond. (3) II, p. 17 (1864). Chitoniscus feejeeanus Kirby, Syn. Cat. Orth. I, p. 420 (1904). Habitat. — A single $ specimen of this Fijian insect is at hand. It was taken at Suva in August, 1913, (Col- lege of Hawaii). Nisyrus spinulosus Stal. A^isyrus spinulosus Stal, C. R. Soc, Ent. Belg. XX, p. Ixvi (1877) ; Brunn., Fam. Phasm. pp. 359, 360, pL XVI, fig. 13 (1908). Habitat. — Viti-Inseln (Coll. Brunner, Mus. Hamburg, Mus. Berlin, Mus. Stuttgart). Absent from the Fiji ma- terial at hand. Nisyrus dipneusticus (Wood-lMason). Cotijlosoma dipneusticum- "\Vood-]\[ason, Ann. Mag. Xat. Hist. (5) I, p. 10] (1878) ; Waterhouse, Ann. X"at. Hist. XV, p. 498 (1895). 154 Habitat. — The only reference to this insect's habitat is Taviinii, Viti-Insehi (]\Ins. Planiburg). Nisyrus amphibius Stal. Nisynis amphibius Stal, C. E. Soe. Ent. Belg. XX, p. Ixvii (1877) ; Brmm., Fam. Phasm. p. 360 (1908). Habitat. — Viti-Inseln (Mns. Hamburg). Nisyrus carlottae (MacGillivray). Prisopus carlottae MacGilL, Zoologist, XVIIT, p. 714 (1860); Brunn., Fam. Phasm. p. 361 (1908). Habitat. — Viti-Inseln (Mus. Hamburg). Megacrania phelaus (Westwood). Plat ijrra Ilia pli-claiis Westw., Cat. Phasm. p. 113, pi. 27, fig. 5 5 (18.-)9) ; Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bond. (2) vi, p. 470 (1896). Megacrania plielaus Kaup., Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. XV, p. 38 (1871); Brunn., Fam. Phasm. p. 370 (1908). Habitat. — Fidschi-Inseln ( Westw. ) . Graeffea coccophagus (Newport). Alophus coccophagus Xewp., Phil. Trans. 1844, p. 288, pi. 14, fig. 4. Lopaphus coccophagus Westw., Cat. Phasm. p. 99 (1859). Graeffea purpuripeunis Brunn., Dr. Graeffes Reisen in Viti-Levu, figs. IS, 2 5(1868). Anophetepis fuJvesc^ns Sauss., Rev. et Mag. d. Zool. 1869, p. 4; K). Mel. Orth. Ill, p. 117, pi. 2, figs. 3, 4 (1869). Habitat. — Australasia. There are 2 female speci- mens at hand from Rewa (Muir in April) ; also a couple from Suva taken in August, 1913 (Coll. College of Ha- waii). Graeffea lifuensis Sharp. Graeffea lifuensis Sharp, Ace. of Phasm. in Willey Zool. Results, p. 80, pi. 9, fig. 21 (1898) ; Redt., Ins. Fam. Phasm. p. 371 (1908). 155 Habitat. — Two females and a male of what is appar- ently this insect are at hand from Snva, where they were collected in August, 1913 (College of Hawaii). Graeffea minor Brunner. Graeffea minor Brunn., Dr. GracfFes Reisen in Viti Levu. p. 47 (1SG8); Kirby, Syn. Cat. Orth. p. 386 (1904). Habitat. — Fiji Islands (Coll. Brunner, Mus. Ham- burg) . Podacanthus typhon Gray. Podacanthus typhon Gray, Ent. Austr. I, pi. 3, fig. 1 (1833) ; Serv., Hist. Ins. Orth. p. 230 (1839) ; Burni., Handb. Ent. IT, p. 581 (1838); Wcstw., Cat. Phasm. p. 117 (1859). Habitat. — Fidschi-Inseln (Coll. Brunner). Hermarchus differens Redtenbacher. Hennarchus differens Redt., Earn. Phasm. p. 445 (1908). Habitat. — Viti (]\[us. Paris). Hermarchus appolonius (Westwood). Phihalosoma appolonius; Westw., Cat. Phasm. p. 181, pi. 40, fig. 4 5 (1859). Phibalosoma pyfhonius Westw., Cat. Phasm. p. 73, pi. 35, fig. 3 $. Hermarchus pyfhonius Stal, Recens. Orth. Ill, p. 89. Habitat. — Fiji Islands. A single S from Suva, taken in August, 1913, is referred here (College of Hawaii). Hermarchus pythonius (Westwood). Phybalosoma pythonius Westw., Cat. Phasm. p. 73, pi. 12, fig. 1 ? (1859). Hei-marchus pythonius Stal, Recens. Orth. Ill, p. 89 (1875); Brunn., Fam. Phasm. p. 446. Habitat. — Fidschi-Inseln (Coll. Brunner, Mus. Paris, Mus. Hamburg, Hofmus Wien). Hermarchus virga Redtenbacher. Hermarchus virga Redt., Fam. Phasm. p. 446 (1908). 156 Pliyhalosoma pythonius var. Westw., Cat. Pliasm. p. 73 (1859). Habitat. — Fi(l^;elii-Inscln (Coll. Bnmner, Mus. Paris). Hermarchus novae-britanniae (Wood-]Mason). PlnjUium norae-hritauniae Wood-Mason, Ann. Mag. 'Nut. 'Hist. (4) XX, p. 70 9 (1877). Hermarchus novae-britminiae Brnnn., Fani. Pliasni. p. 447, pi. XXI, %. 6 (1908). Habitat. — Fidschi-Inseln (Coll. Brnnner, Miis. Genf, ]\rns. Hambnrg, Mus. Paris, Mns. Berlin). Hermarchus inermis Redtenbacher. Hermarchus inermis Bedt., Fam. Pbasni. p. 448, pi. XXI, fig. 5 (1908). Habitat. — Fidschi-Inseln (Coll. Brnnner, ]\Ins. Ham- bnrg, ]\rns. Stnttgart). Acrophylla chronus (Gray). Diura chronus Grav, Ent. Australia, pp. 20, 26, pi. 5, fig. 2 (1833). For synononij see Brnnner and Bedt., Fam. Pbasm. p. 457. Habitat. — Fidschi-Inseln (Coll. Brnnner). MAXTOIDEA. Hierodula fuscescens (Blanehard). Mantis fuscescens Blanch., Vov. Pole Snd. Zool. IV, p. 354, pi. i, fig. 5 (1853). Habitat. — Althongli recorded as belonging to these isl- ands, it is not contained in the material examined. IJndonbtedly several other mantids will be fonnd to occur in these islands. LOCUSTOIDEA. Thyrsus tiaratus Bolivar. Thyrsus tiaratus Bolivar, Ann. Soc, Ent. Belg. XXXI, pp. 187, 254, pi. 5, fig. 21 (1887); Hancock, Genera Ins. Orth. Acrid. Tetr.^ Ease. 48, p. 50, fig. 19 (1906). 157 Habitat.^ — Although confined to the Fiji Islands, this species is not represented among the forms studied. Paratettix pullus Bolivar. Faratettix pulhis Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. XXXI, pp. 188, 272, 281 (1887). Habitat. — Two specimens are at hand from Rewa (Mnir, 1906). Paratettix feejeeanus sp. nov. Decidedly smaller that P. pullus, from which it differs in having the pronotum and wings much abbreviated and scarcely reaching the apex of the hind femora and tip of the valves of the ovipositor in the females; in the males only about as long as the abdomen. Color variable, mostly testaceous, more or less varied with fuscous. Length of body, ^, 5.5 mm., $,7.5 mm.; of pronotum, ^, 5.75 mm., 9, 6 mm.; of hind femora, ^ and $, 4.25 mm. Habitat. — This insect Avas taken at Rewa in April, 190G, by ]\Inir; and at Xansori during June and July, 1913 (Coll. College of Hawaii). Types in the collection of B, Rruner. Aeolopus tamulus (Fabricius). Gryllus tamulus Fabr., Ent. Syst., Suppl. p. 195 (1798). For synonomy see Kirby, Syn. Cat. Orth. Ill, p. 192. Habitat. — This insect is widely distributed in the Oriental region. Specimens of both sexes are at hand from Xadi, wdiere they were taken in June, 1913 (Col- lege of Hawaii). Locnsta australis (Saussure). PacJtyti/lu.s australis Sauss., Mem. Soc. Geneve, XXVIII, pp.^51, 118 (1884). Locusia austntlis Frogg., Agric. Gaz. X. S. Wales, XIV, p. HOG (1903) ; Kirbv,' Svn. Cat. Orth. Ill, p. 229 (1910). Habitat. — Three males and 2 females were taken at Rewa by Mnir in April 1906, and 2 pairs are labelled X^adi, June, 1913 (College of Hawaii). Oedipoda (?) liturata Le Guili. Aedipoda liturata Le Guill, Rev. Zool. 1811, p. 295. See Kirby, Syn. Cat. Orth. Ill, p. 242. 158 Habitat. — An insect under the above name is referred to in Fiji. It is not contained in the collections investi- gated. Cyrtacanthacris vittaticoUis (Stal)? Acridium vittatlcoUe Stal, OEfv., Vet. Akad. Forh. XXXIV (10), p. 53 (1877); Finot, Sur. Genre Acri- dinm, p. 73 (1907). Habitat. — Tlie above named insect is native in the Philippines. A pair of specimens referred here with some donbt bear the locality label "Xadi," where they were taken in Jnne, 1913 (Coll!^ College of Hawaii). Cyrtacanthacris sp. A second and considerably larger species of this genus coming from the same locality, is also at hand. It is a female, and was also taken during the month of June and is contained in the College of Hawaii collections. This latter insect may be new. It resembles quite closely the large Schistocera americana and allies. It might bear the name temporarily of Cyrt. feejeeana. Its dimen- sions are as follows: Length of body, 2, 56 mm.; of pronotum, 11 mm.; of tegmina, 57 nnn. ; of hind femora, 34 mm. Undoubtedly still other species of locusts or short- horned grasshoppers occur in these islands. TETTIGOXOIDEA. Gryllacris dubia Le Guill. Gryllacris duhla Le Guill, Kev. Zool. 1841, p. 293; Kirbv, Syn. Cat. Orth. II, p. 145 (1906). Habitat. — This insect, while reported from Fiji, is not among the material examined by me. Gryllacris ferniginea Brunner. Gryllacris ferniginca Brunn., Verb. Zool. -hot. Ges. AVien, XXXVIII, pp. 316, 317 (1888); Kirby Svn. Cat. Orth. II, p. 146 (1906). Habitat. — Xausori, Aug. 29, 1913 (College of Hawaii), and Rewa (Muir, 1906). 159 Euconocephalus australis (Bolivar). Co)wecp]iahis australis BoL, Viaje al Pacif., Ins. p. 90 note (1884). Habitat. — Specimens of this insect are present from Rewa (Mnir) and iSTadi (College of Hawaii). Kirby claims that it is the same as the Conocephalus extensor of Walker (see Syn. Cat. Orth. II, p. 250). Euconocephalus lineatipes (Bolivar). Conocephalus lineatipes Bob, Ortopt. Afr. Mns. Lisboa, p. 225 (1890) ; Redt., Mon. Conocephal. p. 95. Habitat. — Fidji-Inseln (Redt.). Specimens from Rewa collected by Mnir in 1906 are also referred here. Salomona antennata Redtenbacher. Agroecia rugifrons Redt., Mon. Conocephal. pp. 156, 157 (1891) ;' Karny, Revis. Conocephal. p. 73 (1907). Habitat. — Viti Levn, Fidji-Inseln (Walker, Brnnner, Mns. Ilambnrg'). 'Not contained among the material at hand. Salomona antennata Redtenbacher. Salomona antennata Redt., Monog. Conocephal. pp. 156, 158 (1891); Kirby, Syn. Cat. Orth. II, p. 265 (1906); Karny, Revis. Conocephal. p. 73 (1907). Habitat. — Viti-Levn, Fidji-Inseln (Coll. Brnnner). Xot among the material at hand. Salomona brongniarti Brnnner. Salomona hrongniarti Brnnn., Abhandl. Senekenb. Ges. XXIV, p. 270 (1898) ; Kirbv, ^jn. Cat. Orth. II, p. 265 (1906). Habitat. — Fiji Islands. Xot present in the collections studied. Xiphidion modestum (Redtenbacher). Xipliidium modestum Redt., Mon. Conocephal. pp. 182, 196 (1891). Anisoptera modestum Kirbv, Svn. Cat. Orth. II, p. 277 (1906). Xiphidion modestum Karny, Revis. Conocephal. p. 91 (1907). 160 Habitat. — Quite generally distributed in the Oceanic islands. Fidji-Inseln (Coll. Brnnner, ]\rns. Geneva). Not in the material at hand. Xiphidion affine (Redtenbacher). Xiphidium affine Redt., ]\fonog. Conocephal. pp. 183, 199 (1891). Anisoptera affine Kirby^ 1. c. p. 278 (1906). Habitat. — Fiji Islands. Specimens are at hand from Rewa (Mnir, Mch. and April, 1906), and Nadi (June, 1913, Coll. College of Hawaii). Phisis echinata (Redtenbacher). Teui]tfas echinatus Redt., ^Monog. Concx-ephal. p. 226, fig. 96 (1891). Phisis echinafa Kirby, Syn. Cat. Orth. II, p. 286 (1906) ; Karny, Revis. Conocephal. p. 104 (1907). Habitat. — Fidji-Inseln (Coll. Brunner). Missing from the collections before me. Phisis rapax (Redtenbacher). Teirtliras rapax Redt., Monog. Conocephal. pp. 226, 227 (1891). Phisis rapax Kirby, 1. c. p. 104 (1907). Habitat. — Fidji-Inseln (Coll. Brunner). Xot in the collections at hand. Hexacentris australis Redtenbacher. Hexacenfris australis Redt., Monog. Conocephal. pp. 234, 236 (1891); Kirby, L c. p. 28"7 (1906); Karny, 1. c. p. 107 (1907). Habitat. — Specimens of this insect were taken at Rewa in March, 1906, by Muir. Morisimus oceanicus (Pictet et Saussure). Tympa)\opiera oceanica Pict. et Sauss., Icon. Saut. Vertes, p. 20, pi. 2, fig. 12 (1892). Api-ion. oceanicus Brunn., Man. Pseudophyll. pp. 74, 78, pi. 3 fig. 31 (1895). Morisimus oceanicus Kirbv, Svn. Cat. Orth. II, p. 305 (1906). 161 Habitat. — Fiji. Xot in any of the collections studied. Ocica lutescens AValker. Ocica lutescens Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B. M. II, p. 246 (1869) ; Kirby, Syn. Cat. Orth. II, p. 357 (1906). Plabitat. — This insect is recorded only from the Fiji Islands. Xone are in the collections studied, Diaphlebus bivittatus Redtenbacher. Diaphlehiis hivlUatus Redt., Verb. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien. XLII, p. 193 (1892). Habitat, — This and the following three species of the genus are all described from the Fiji Islands. Xone of them are represented. Diaphlebus marmoratus Redtenbacher. Diaphlebus marmoi-atus Redt., 1. c. pp, 193, 194, pi. 3, fig. 2 (1892); Kirby, Syn. Cat, Orth. II, p. 357 (1906). Habitat. — Fiji (Coll. Brunner), Diaphlebus brevivaginatus Karsch. DiapJilebus hrevivaginatus Karsch, Berl. Ent, Zeitschr, XXXVI, p. 343 note (1892). Habitat. — Fiji Islands, Diaphlebus (?) uniformis Brunner. Diaphlebus (?) uniformis Brunn., Abhandl, Senckenb, Ges. XXIV, p. 257 (1898) ; Kirby, Syn, Cat. Orth. II, p. 357 (1906), Habitat. — Fiji Islands, Elaeoptera nitida Redtenbacher. Elaeoptem nitida Redt., Verb. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XLII, p. 196 (1892); Kirby, 1. c. II, p, 358 (1906), Habitat. — Fiji Islands, Xot represented, Elaeoptera lineata Redtenbacher. Elaeoptera lineata Redt., 1, c, p. 196, pi. 3, fig. 3 (1892) ; Kirby, 1. c. p. 358 (1906), Habitat. — Fiji, Likewise absent from these collections examined. 162 Ityocephala nigrostrigata (AYalker). Pseudophyllus nigrostrigatus Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B. M. V. Siippl. p. 44 (1871). Ityocephala nigrostrigata Kedt., Verb. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XLII, p. 22, pi. ?>, %. 11 a, b (1892). Habitat. — Fiji (Coll. Brimner). Not in tbe material studied. Furnia insularis Stal Furn'ta insularis Stal, Bibang. Svenska Akad. IV, p. 57 (1876); Kirby, Sjn. Cat. Orth. II, p. 468 (1906). Anaidacomera insularis Brmm.^ Mon. Pbaneropt. pp. 280, 295 (1878). Habitat. — Two 2 $ and a nympb are referred bere (Muir, Mcb. 1906). Furnia incerta (Brunner). Anaidacomera incerta Brimn., Mon. Pbaneropt. pp. 280, 295, pi. 6, fig. 85 a-e (1878). Furnia incerta Kirby, Syn. Cat. Ortb. II, p. 468 (1906). Habitat. — Fiji (Brunner, Kirby). Furnia malaya Stal (?) Furnia malaya Stal, Bibang Svenska Akad. IV (5), p. 57 (1876). Atiaulacomera malaya Brunn., 1. c. pp. 280, 295 (1878). Habitat. — Two specimens, $ and 9 , taken at Rewa in Marcb, 1906, by Muir are referred bere. GRYLLOTALPOIDEA. Curtilla africana (Beauvois). Gryllotalpa africana Beauv., Ins. Afr. Amer, p. 229, pi. 2 c, iig. 6 (1805). Gryllotalpa orientalis Burm., Handb. Ent. II, p. 739 (1838). Curtilla africana Kirby, Syn. Cat. Ortb II, p. 6 (1906). Tbis insect seems to be generally distributetd tbrougb- out Australasia. Altbougb no specimens are at band, it most certainly will be found to occur in tbe Fiji Islands. 163 GRYLLOIDEA. Nemobius luzonicus Bolivar. Nemohius luzonicus Bol., Ann. Soc. Esp. XVIII, p. 418 1889); Kirbj Syn. Cat. Ortli. II, p. 16 (1906). Habitat. — Two 9 specimens of Nemobius are referred to Bolivar's N. luzonicus, although they do not agree in all respects with his description. They come from Nausori, where they were taken in June and July, 1913 (College of Ilawaiai). Apiotarsus gryllacroides Saussure. Apiotarsus gryllacroides Sauss., Mem. Soc. Geneve, XX, p. 105, pL 14 (XXIII), figs. 1-7 (1877); Kirby, Syn. Cat. Orth. II, p. 20 (1906). Habitat. — Fiji Islands. Not in the material now ex- amined. Gryllus oceanicus Le Guill. Gryllus oceanicus Le Guill, Rev. Zool. 1841, p. 293; Kirby, Syn. Cat. Orth. II, p. 33 (1906). Gryllus innotabilis Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B. M. I, p. 47 (1869); Sauss., Mem. Soc. Geneve, XXV, p. 158 (1877). Habitat. — Fiji Islands : Rewa (Muir) ; Suva, Aug. 1913 (Mus. College of Hawaii). This insect also is quite widely distributed in the various islands of the Pacific. Ornebius novarae (Sassure) ? Llphoplus 7iovarine Sauss., Mem. Soc. Geneve, XXV, p 315 (1877). Ornebius novarae Kirby, Syn. Oat. Orth. II, p. 58 (1906). Habitat. — A $ specimen collected by Muir at Rewa during April, 1906, is referred here wf.li some doubt. Ornebius sp. Habitat. — A $ specimen of a second species of the genius not yet determined was also taken at Lautoka in June, 1913 (College of Hawaii). 164 Arachnocephalus maritimus Saussure. Arachnocephalus marithmis Sauss., Mem. Soe. Geneve, XX, p. 313 (1877) ; Kirby, Syn. Cat. Ortli. 11, p 60 (1005). Tral)itat. — Oeeanica ; Fiji Islands. Xot at hand now. Oecanthus rufescens Serville. Oecanthus rufescens Serv., Hist. Ins. Orth. p. 361 (1839) ; Sanss., Mem. Soc. Geneve, XXV, p. 456 (1878). Gryllus (Oecanfhits) gracUls Haan, Teminek, Verhandel., Orth. p. 236, pL 20, %. 8 (1842). Habitat. — Oriental region, including Fiji, bnt not rep- resented in the material studied. Oecanthus lineatus Walker. Oecanthus lineatus Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B. M. I, p. 96 (1869) ; Sanss., Mem. Soc. Geneve, XXV, p. 455 (1877); Kirby, Syn. Cat. Orth. II, p. 74 (1906). Habitat. — Specimens of this species are at hand from Xadi, Lantoka and Rewa. Trigonidium flavipes Sanssure. Trhjonldium flavipes Sauss., Mem. Soc. Geneve, XXV, p. 465, pL 16 (XLVII), fig. 2i, e, pi. 19 (LXXX), %. 1 (1878) ; Kirby 1. c. p. 78 (1906). Habitat. — Mnir collected this insect at Rewa in 1906. Metioche insularis (Saussure). Ilutnoeoxiplius insularis Sauss., Mem. Soc. Geneve, XXV, p. 470 (1878). Metioche insularis Kirbv, Svn. Cat. Orth, II, p. 79 (1906). Habitat. — Specimens of this small cricket are present from Xadi and Xausori, taken in June, 1913 (College of Hawaii), and from Eewa, 1906 (Muir). Cyrtoxipha maritima (Saussure). Cyrtu.riplius ntarllimus Sauss., Mem. Soc. Geneve, XXV, p. 478, pi. 17 (XLIX), fig. 3, pi. 19 (LXXIX), fig. 3 (1878). Habitat. — Fiji is among the islands listed as the habi- tat of this insect. 165 Cyrtoxipha fulva (Saussure). Cyiio.ri pints fiilviis Saiiss,, Mem. Soe. Geneve, XXV, p. 481, pi. 17 (XLIX), %. 5 (1878). Cyrtoxipha fulva Kirby, Syn. Cat. Ortli II, p. 82 (1900). Habitat. — Fiji. Xot in the material being studied. Cyrtoxipha straminea (Saussure). Cyrfo.ri pints sfiriniijwus Sauss., Mem. Soc. Geneve, XXV, p. 482 (1878). Habitat. — Credited to Fiji, but- not among the speci- mens at hand now. Hydropedeticus vitiensis IMiall and Gils. II ijdi'opcdeilctts rificnsis ]\rial and Gils., Trans. Ent. Soe. " Lond. 1902, p. 284, pis. 7, 8 (1902). Habitat. — Tlie present species is confined to the Fiji Islands. It is aquatic in its habits, as are some of the neo- tropical representatives of Nemohius. Cardiodactylus novae-guineae (de Haan). Gryllus (Platydactylus) novae-guineae Haan, Temminck, Verhandl. Orth. p. 233 (1842). Cardiodactylus novae-qutneae Sauss., ]\Iem. Soc. Geneve, XXV, p. 519, pi. '17 (LV), f. 1 (1878) ; Kirby, Syn. Cat. Orth. II, p. 88 (1906). Habitat. — Quite generally distributed over Australasia. A single S was collected at Rewa, Fiji, in 1906 by Muir. Heterotrypus tripartitus Saussure. Heterotrypus tripartitus Sauss., Mem. Soc. Geneve, XXV, p. 548 ri878); Kirby, Svn. Cat. Orth. II, p. 91 (1906). Habitat. — This is another small gryllid that seems to be confined to the Fiji group of islands. It is not in the collections now being reported upon. Mnesibulus bicolor (DeHaan)f Gryllus ( Phalangopsis) bicolor De Haan, Temminck, Ver- handel, Orth! p. 235 (1842). Calyptotrypus hicolor Sauss., Mem. Soc. Geneve, XXV, p. 587 (1878). 166 Mnesihulus hicolor Bolivar, An. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., XVIII, p. 427 (1889); Kirby, Syn. Cat. Orth. II, p. 95 (1906). Habitat. — A single 5 cricket collected in 1906 by Mnir is referred here with considerable doubt. Its ovi- positor is fully as long as the hind femora, a character that does not agree with Saussure's measurement for hi- color. It may be new, but if so is quite nearly related to hicolor. Mnesibulus (?) sp. A second but much smaller species of this or a closely related genus is contained in material collected by Muir at Rewa in 1906. It is rather mutilated, hence not read- ily determinable nor describable. Madasumma (?) sp. The collection made by Muir at Kewa in 1906 con- tains still another cricket that seems difficult to determine even as to its generic affinities. It is apparently a female, but has the subgenital plate enormously developed into an elongate scoop-like arrangement that is deeply and rather widely longitudinally canaliculate below. Above, and part- ly hidden by the upturned sides of the apparatus just de- scribed, seems to be a dark-colored ovipositor of about the same length as the plate. Its apex is blunt and quite robust. No attempt will be made at this time to name or de- scribe this insect. Hemiphonus vittatus Saussure. Hemiphonus vittatus Sauss., Mem. Soc. Geneve, XXV, p. 621, pi. 18 (LXVII), figs. 1-6 (1878); Kirby, Syn. Cat. Orth. II, p. 101 (1906). Habitat. — Northern Australia and the Fiji Islands. Not now before me. Anisotrypus furcatus Saussure. Anisotrypus furcatus Sauss., Mem. Soc. Geneve, XXV, p. 632, pi. 17 (LVIII), figs. 1-4 (1878); Kirby, Syn. Cat. Orth. II, p. 102 (1906). Habitat. — This is another species of gryllid that is con- fined to Fiji and not represented in the collections at hand. 1G7 Podoscritus insularis Saussure. Podoscritus insularis Sauss., Mem. Soc. Geneve, XXV, p. 039 (1878); Kirbj 1. c. p. 104 (1906). Habitat.' — It would appear that some one in the past collected the gryllids of Fiji qnite carefully. This species is also absent from the collections now studied. Aphonomorphus vitiensis (Saussure). Aphonus vitiensis Sauss., Mem. Soc. Geneve, XXV, p. 661, pi. 19 (LXXI), figs. 2, 2a (1878). Aphonomorphus vitiensis Kirbv, Syn. Cat. Orth. II, p. 105 (1906). Habitat. — Fiji. Xot contained in the material now being reported upon. Aphonomorphus depressiusculus (Saussure) ? Aphonus depressiusculus Sauss., Mem. Soc. Geneve, XXV, p. 662, pi. 19 (LXXI), figs. 1, la (1878). Habitat. — A single female specimen in the collection of the College of Hawaii is referred to this species with some doubt. It is rather smaller than the measurements given by Saussure. It comes from Xadi, where it was taken during Aug. 1913. DERMAPTERA. Anisolabis maritima (Gene). Forficula mariMma Gene, Ann. Sci. Xat. Regn. Lomb. Venet. II, p. 224 (1832). For the chief references to this insect see Kirby, Syn. Cat. Orth. I, p. 17 (1904). Although a cosmopolitan insect, no Fiji specimens are contained in the material studied. A little collecting along the beach of any of the islands would certainly disclose it. Anisolabis annulipes (Lucas). Forficula annulipes Lucas, Bull. Soc. Ent. France (2) V, p. Ixxxiv (1847). For synonomy see Burr, Genera Ins. Fasc. 122, p. 19 (1911). 168 There are no Fiji specimens of this cosmopolitan spe- cies in the collections examined, bnt there can be little doubt l)nt that it occurs in the islands. Labidura riparia (Pallas). Forficula riparia Pallas, Keise Russ. Reichs. II, Anh. p. 727 (1773). For the very extensive synonomy see Burr, Genera Ins. Fasc. 122, ^p. 36-37. This cosmopolitan earwig most assuredly occurs in the Fiji Islands, although no specimens are at hand from there. Chelisoches morio (Fabricius). Forficula morio Fabr., Syst. Ent. p. 270, Xo. 6 (1775). For synonomv see Burr, Genera Ins. Fasc. 122, p. 65 (1911). Habitat. — The present species occurs throughout the Oriental region. Specimens are at hand from ISTadi. They were taken during the months June, July and Au- gust, 1913. A careful search for Dermaptera over the various isl- ands of the group will undoubtedly result not only in the discovery of the four here listed, but also of several addi- tional forms. Review of the Autochthonous Genera of Hawaiian Delphacidae. BY F. ISIUIE. "A flood of light may be thrown on the theoretical prob- lem of the origin of species by the study of the probable actual origin of species with which we may be familiar or of which the actual history or the actual ramifications may in some degree be traced." — David 8. Jordan. INTKODUCTORY. During the hitter half of January, 1915, I accepted an invitation to spend a couple of weeks with Mr. W. M. Gif- Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc. Ill, No. 3, September, 1916. 169 fard at his house at Kilaiiea Hawaii ; during my stay we spent considerable time collecting in the neighborhood and made a hurried trip to the lava flows of South Kau. Most of my collecting was confined to Homoptera, but Mr. Gif- f ard gave more attention to Hymenoptera ; between us w^e collected nineteen species of Delphacids, four of which I describe as new species and one as a new sub-species. Upon naming up this material I soon became interested in several problems and found it necessary to revise the genera. Un- fortunately my time was very limited, as field work in the Orient compelled my early departure from Honolulu, and this paper has had to be finished in the Orient, away from collections and libraries. The material I had at my disposal, besides that collected at Ivilauea, mentioned above, was cotypes of certain species belonging to the Bishop Museum, collections made by Messrs. Swezey, Giffard and Fidlaway during the last several years and a few odd specimens left over by the late Mr. Kirkaldy from material collected by Dr. R. C. L. Perkins. It was unfortunate that I was not able to examine the types of Kirkaldy's species, now in the British ^luseum, as there is some doubt as to certain of them.* PABT I. SYSTEIMATIC. The first Hawaiian Delpliacid to be described was Delphax puJchra by Stal in 1854; it is now known as Nesosydne ipo- moelcola Kirkaldy (pulchra being preoccupied in Delphax). In 1904 Kirkaldy described Aloha ipomoeae as a new genus and species, and also Megamelus leahi, which he afterward placed in Nesosydne. In 1907, 1908 and 1910 a number of new species and genera were described by the same author in the Proceedings of this Society and in the Fauna Hawa- iiensis. In 1907 Swezey described the extraordinary genus ♦Subsequently I have examined long series collected by Mr. W. M. Giffard at Kilauea, Hawaii, and Tantalus, Oahu. These were col- lected very carefully to verify the reported food plants; they have enabled me to correct certain errors and prevented some synonymies. I hope Mr. Giffard will present the Society with full notes on these collections. 170 Dldyophorodelpliax. Dr. R. C. L. Perkins revised the family in his interesting Introdnction to the Fanna Hawa- iiensis in 1913. Noteson captnres and life histories have appeared in the Proceedings of this Society at varions times (1905 to date). These references, along with this present paper, constitnte the whole of the literature of the autochtho- nous genera of the Hawaiian Delphacidae. In dividing the species into genera Kirkaldy used charac- ters already in use in continental areas and gave them the same values. An examination of the male genitalia discloses the fact that this system brings together heterogenous forms and separates several allied forms. By using the size of the first joint of the antennae, instead of the condition of the frontal carinae, for primary divisions these forms are brought together. Lelalolia and Nesodryas have the first joint of an- tennae very short and wide, and are composed of very closely allied forms, whereas the rest of the Alohini have the first joint longer than wide and form a larger group of allied forms containing several well-defined smaller groups, the exact relationship of which it is difficult to decide. In the table of genera Proterosydne is included, as it is the only foreign genus of the tribe, with one American and one Australian species. For specific characters the ultimate appeal is made to the external male genitalia. Owing to the variability of color in many species and the tendency of the females to im- maculacy, the females of many species are difficult to sepa- rate. For this reason I have refrained from erecting new spe- cies on females, although there are several in the collections that are undescribed. One specimen collected by Swezey at ISTahiku, INIaui, has a single frontal carina, but otherwise it is identical with Nesorestias; thus it constitutes another genus. Kirkaldy's sub-genus Leialoha I have separated, as a genus, from Aloha, leaving the latter with ipomoeae and myo- poricola and placing with them Nesopleias artemisiae, N. dii- hautiae and several new species. Nesopleias nimbata I have placed under Nesoi-edias, as they only differ in the greater reticulation of tcgmina, a character I do not consider as of generic value. The difference between Nesodryas and Neso- thoe is, at most, only of sub-generic value; the type of the former (N. freycinetiae) is not typical of the other species, but is an extreme form, either divergent or convergent. While working on material from the Hawaiian Islands 171 one finds that in many instances ''species" have not the same valne as among continental fannas, and one hesitates to give many forms that status, but it is necessary for both systematic and Inological studies that such forms be separated and named ; whether as species, snb-species or varieties must be left to the idiosyncraeies of the describer. In the Fauna Hawaiiensis Kirkaldy enumerates forty-six species (omitting two, Nesoplelas artemislae and Nesosydne lealii) under six genera. The present paper adds twenty-seven species and three sub-species to the list, thus bringing it up to seventy-eight ; these are still under six genera, but somewhat differently arranged. Gexeua of Aloiiini. 1. (4) First joint of antennae very sliort, broad- er than long, second joint short and thick, often ovaliform or sub-ovaliform. (All macropterous. ) 2. (3) Two median frontal carinae, approximat- ing at base or apex, or both, or even meeting together, but not forming a stalk. Leialoha 3. (2) A single median frontal carina, forked at extreme base if at all. Nesodryas (A.) Slender, elongate forms. Subgen. Nesodi'yas (B.) Broader, more robust forms. Subgen. Nesothoe 4. (1) First joint of antennae distinctly longer than broad, second joint cylindrical or only slightly enlarged in middle. (Most- ly brachypterous, few macropterous). 5. (8) Two median frontal carinae. 6. (7) Tegmina reaching well beyond middle of abdomen. Aloha 7. (6) Tegmina very short, not reaching to mid- dle of abdomen. Nesorestias 8. (5) One median frontal carina, forked or simple. 9. (10) Head enormously elongate, longer than thorax and abdomen combined. D ict yophorodelpJiax 10. (9) Head not elongate. 172 11. (12) Mesonotiiin with rounded disk, a depres- sion dividing- the disk from the posterior angle Proicrosydne 12. (11) jMesonotnni Avith flattened disk, no dis- tinct depression dividing the disk from posterior angle. Nesosydne LFAALOIIA Kirkaldy. Lelaluhn. Subgenus of Alalia Ivirkaldy, 1910, Fauna llawaiiensis II, G, p. 579; type naniicola Kirk. 1. L. naniiroJa (Kirk.). This species holds the same relationship to the typical Uhuae as do the sub-species of Jehuae ; it will have to be in- cluded, along Avitli oliiac, in a revision of the species when more material can be bronght together. The pygophor is typical of the genus and the styles are all on the same pattern, sickle-shape. The aedeagus is long, cylindrical, slightly curved and recurved; the crook at apex small, placed about 45 degrees to the stem, slightly widened at the apex, with three small spines; a small spine on right side near apex. Figures from a specimen from Kalihi Oahu. PL 2, %. 1; PL 4, fig. 75. 2. L. Jehuae (Kirk.). This is one of the most interesting species of the genus and it appears to be the most polymorphic. At first I divided the specimens according to coloration, and then noticed that this grouping coincided with locality; an investigation of the aedeagus show^ed distinct structural differences, and I then decided to make them into species. There appears to be more than one species among the Oahu specimens, but a lack of time and material prevents me from making a thorough in- vestigation, so for the present I leave the species divided into four sub-species, with the remark that lehuae is polymorphic and difiicult to separate from oJtiae except by the aedeagus. 173 (a) leliuae typical. The aedeagiis is small the crook at apex very small, a fair sized spine on right side near apex. This is dark brownish in color, the apical half of the hind tibiae and the hind tarsi yellowish; tegmen with infuscation over the greater portion leaving lighter hyaline spots at end of subcostal and first apical cells, in cubital and claval cells; granulations on veins fine. Ilab. Oalui ; the typical specimen is from Popouwela, Oahn (Swezey, March) ; Kaala Mts. (Swezey, September). Female spe^'imens from Lanai come near to this sub-species. PI. 2, fig. 2. (b) oahuensis snbsp. n. This has the aedeagus with a long crook at apex with a small spine on right side near apex. Face, clypeus and vertex light brown, mesonotum and sides of pronotum darker reddish brown. Tegmina yellowish with fuscous markings from base to apex of clavus and then to apex of second and third apical cells; granulations on veins coarser than in lehuae typical. Ilab. Kalihi, Oahn (Swezey, May), typical; Xin, Oahn ( Swezey, December) . PI. 2, fig. 3. (c) liawaiiensis snbsp. n. The crook at the apex of aedeagus is nearly at right angle to the body and bluntly pointed, a small blunt spine on right side near apex. Dark brown or nearly black, carinae of head and thorax lighter; tegmina hyaline with fuscous brown or black markings, these mark- ings irregular over base, apex of clavus, middle of costal cell and over greater portion of 3-7 apical cells; veins dark with dark gran- ules bearing black hairs. Hab. Hawaii, Kilanea (Giffard and Mnir, January) ; Waimea (Swezey, October). PI. 2, fig. 4. (d) l-auaiensis snbsp. n. Aedeagus with crook at apex thin and cruved, tapering to pointed apex and bearing very minute spines, a large spine on right side near apex. Dark brown; tegmina hyaline, whitish, heavily marked with fuscous brown, irregular over base to apex of clavus, in middle of costal cell and over radia, and over the greater portion of apical cells. 174 Hab. Waiiiiea, Kanai (Swezey, Febniary). A distinct variety of this from Lihne, Kauai (Swezey, March) is much lighter in color and has the markings on tegmina forming an irregular V-shape mark over middle, and a large area dark at apex. The brown of this variety is tinged with red ; the aedea- gus is near to kauaiensis, the crook not so curved and without the little spines; the granulations on tegmina hardly per- ceptible. PI. 2, %. 5. I regret that lack of time and material ]-)rcvcnts me from making a more detailed study of this very interesting group, for here, I feel sure, we have species in formation. I refrain for the present from making these into species because it is highly probable that intermediate forms will turn up. o. L. ohiae (Kirk.). This is a light form of lehuae, the females being almost im- maculate and tinged with red; the male I associate with them is slightly fuscous on tegmina over base, middle and apex of clavus and median portion of apical area. The aedeagus has the crook at apex at 45 degrees to main body and with its apex swollen; a small spine at right side before apex and a small blunt spine at apex. This latter character is found in some species of Nesodryas. Speci- mens under this name are from Oahu, Hawaii and Kauai. PI. 2, fig. G. 4. L. oceanides (Kirk.), I have seen only one female specimen of this species ; it is distinguished by the white granulations on the veins of tegmina. 5. L. pad flea (Kirk.). I have seen no specimens of this species. NE SO DRY AS Kirkaldy. Nesodryas Kirkaldv 1008 Pro. ITaw. Ent. Soc. I (5), p. 301. Nesothoe Kirkaldy, 1908, Op. C. p. 202. The distinction of slender and robust forms is not suffi- 175 cieut to hold these two genera apart ; at the most they can only be regarded as sub-genera. 1. N. freyclnetiae Kirk. Unfortunately Kirkakly chose this extreme form as the type of the genns; both in general build and in genitalia it departs from the other species very considerably. No spines on anal segment, anal segment long, smaller at base than apex; a large spine on each lateral edge of pygophor and two small curved ones, with bases contiguous, on medloventral edge; styles small with rounded apices slightly curved inward, broadest at base, outer edge nearly straight, inner edge slightly emarginate on apical half; aedeagus tubular, curved, with several large spines on apical half and one on right near base. PL 2, fig. 16. 2. N. giffardi Kirk. This is a development of the Lcialohd group, somewhat near to L. lehuae : the styles are less sickle-shape, the basal portion being straighter, the aedeagus long, slender, tubular, slightly curved in middle, the crook at apex large, curved and bearing minute spines, the spine on right side below apex large; the apex is produced into a rounded knob; anal spines short, stout, laterally flattened, curved inward. PL 2, fig. 7; PL 3, fig. 59. 3. N. elaeocarpi Kirk. Styles near to those of giffardi, but slightly more curved, aedea- gus stouter, especially toward base, crook slightly flattened and broad- ened at apex, spine on right large, another spine at apex curved down- ward. PL 2, fig. 8; PL 3, fig. 57. 4. N. eugeniae Kirk. Styles more curved than in elaecocarpi, especially at apex; aedea- gus slender, crook large with small spines, spine on right large, a small, stout spine at apex; anal spines stout, convergingly curved but not greatly flattened laterally; pygophor somewhat diamond shape, the anal segment closely inclosed by pygophor. PL 2, fig. 9; PL 3, fig. 60. 176 5. N. dodonaeae sp. u. ^ Macropterous. Vertex, face, clypeus, genae, antennae and legs fuscous yellow or light brown, pro and mesonotum darker brown. Tegmina hyaline, whitish, fuscous over the posterior half from base to apex, a darker mark on hind margin near end of clavus, very fine granules on veins; wings hyaline, slightly fuscous, veins brown. Spines on anal segment short, stout, convergingly curved; styles very near to fletus, but with tips slightly recurved; aedeagus with crook at an acute angle to body of aedeagus, its apex bilobed, a small spine at apex of aedeagus but none on side below apex. Length 2.3 mm. ; tegmen 3.3 mm. 9 Similar to male. Length 2.8 mm.; tegmen 3.6 nun. Hah. Waimea, Kaiiai, feeding on Dodonaea. (Swezey, Fehrnary. ) In general appearance this is somewhat like dryope, and by its more slender form would come into the Nesodryas sub- genus. PL 2, fig. 10. 6. N. dryope Kirk. One male from Oaliu with aedeagus missing, one from Glenwood, Hawaii (Giffard and Muir, January), which agrees in coloration, etc., with the Oahu specimen. The aedea- gus of latter is figured. Anal spines short, surved ; styles with nearly straight basal portion, the apex being nearly at right angles to it ; aedeagus tubular, slender, curved and recurved, with two spines at apex forming a crescent. This should be compared with the aedeagus of an Oahuan specimen when possible. PL 2, fig. 11; PL 3, fig. 62. 7. N. fletus (Kirk.). Aedeagus thin, tubular, curved, making a long spiral, apex pro- duced into a spine, a small spine on right side near apex; styles sickle-shape; anal spines short, stout, convergingly curved. PL 2, fig. 12; PL 3, fig. 58. 17 8. N. gulicl-i sp. n. Macropterous; stout form and comes into the XesotJioe sub-genus. $ Head brown, vertex, face and genae spotted with lighter brown or yellow, in middle of face three pair of spots coalesce making three small bands, clypeus darker brown; pronotum slightly darker than head with few light spots, mesonotum still darker with apex yellow, legs brown with incomplete yellowish bands, abdomen brown slightly marked with yellow. Tegmina opaquely white, an irregular fuscous band from near base of costa to near apex of clavus, and another from near the middle of this band to middle of costa, together form- ing an irregular V, third to last apical cells fuscous with the veins white, veins in rest of tegmina concolorous as membrane, veins bearing dark granules with black hairs; wings light fuscous with brown veins. Genital styles near to that of bobeae. anal spines short, stout, broad, convergingly curved; aedeagus thin, tubular, slightly curved and recurved, crook straight, at about 45 degrees to body of aedea- gus, with four small spines at apex, a small spine on right side below crook, apex forming a short, strong spine. Length 2.6 mm. ; tegmen 3.4 mm. Hab. On Metrosideros, Kalmku lava flows, Kan, Hawaii, about 1800 feet elevation (Gifi^ard and Mnir, January). I honor this little insect bv naming it after the Eev. J. T. Gnlick, whose work on the Hawaiian land shells, and the evi- dence thej lend to the theory of segregation in species forma- tion, is a landmark in evolutionary literature. PI. 2, fig. 13. 9. N. hobeae (Kirk.). Styles with apex about at right angles to basal three-fourths; aedeagus thin, tubular, a spine near apex on right side, apex forming a small knob. PL 2, fig. 14; PL 3, fig. 61. 10. i\^. maculata sp. n. ^ Macropterous; stout form as in sub-genus Nesothoe. Dark brown, the face with four small light bands, a few small light spots on lateral carinae, extreme apex also light, some light dots on outer carinae of pronotum; tibiae and tarsi banded. Tegmina hyaline, slightly whitish, posterior half of apical cells mostly fuscous, an ir- regular spotting with fuscous over the rest of the tegmina, a dark mark on hind margin near end of clavus, veins with large fuscous granules; wings light fuscous with darker veins. 178 Pygophor near to bobeae but the aedeagus somewhat flattened at apex, the spine on right side near apex large, curved and slightly flattened; styles very much as in bobeae. Length 2.2 mm. ; tegmen 2.8 mm. 9 Similar to male. Length 2.7 mm. ; tegmen 3.0 mm, Hab. On Metrosideros (?), Kahnku lava flows, Kau, Ha- waii, elevation 1800 feet. (Giffard and Muir, January.) PL 2, fig. 15. 11-12. I have only seen females of N. frigidula and N. per- hinsi. 13-18. The following six species of the subgenus Nesoihoe I have seen no specimens of: liida, lalm, pulani, terryi, pluvialis, silveshis. ALOHA Kirkaldy. Aloha Kirkaldy, 1904, Entomologist, XXXVII, p. 177. Nesopleias (in part) Kirkaldy, 1910, Fauna Hawaiiensis, II, 6, p. 582. 1. A. ipomoeae Kirk. In size and coloration there is a fair amount of variation, specimens from Kahului, Maui, being very small, yellow and almost immaculate. The aedeagus of specimens from Haw^aii, Oahu and Maui are practically identical and there is very little variation in the genital styles. All the macropterous specimens I have seen are females. The genital styles of thie species are typical of a large group and are here seen in a simple condition. In flat view they look like a pair of short, thick legs with the heels turned inward. One of the chief modifica- tions on this is for an elevation to arise near the inner edge a little below the apex, about where the ankle bone should be. For the sake of brevity and clearness I shall call this elevation 179 the ''ankle knob," the inner apical corner the "heel" and the outer apical corner the "toe." The aedeagus is tubular, slightly flattened laterally, a row of spines at apex on dorsal side continuing a short distance on to right side, a short row on ventral side at apex. Lanai, Maimalei (Giffard, February) ; Maui, Kahului (Swezey, August, on Scaevola coriacea). PI. 2, tig. 17. 2. A. myoporicola Kirk. The genital styles in this species have a distinct ankle; the toe is short and pointed and the heel is pointed. The aedeagus is shorter and flatter than in ipomoeae and the spines different. Spines on anal segment medium size, straight. A series of female specimens from Lanai (Giffard, October) have the granulations on tegmina larger.* PL 2, tig. 18. 3. A. plectrantlii sp. n. ^ Tegmina not reaching quite to the apex of abdomen. Head brown; vertex, apical portion of face and the clypeus darker between carinae; antennae yellowish; pro and mesonotum dark brown to nearly black; legs light yellow; coxae fuscous; abdomen brown, lighter at base and on hind margin of each segment. Tegmina light yellow, veins concolorous without granules or hairs, a dark mark at end of clavus and end of costal cell spreading inwards; apical margin and apical veins lighter. Pygophor very similar to ipomoeae; anal spines short, broad at base, laterally compressed; styles near to ipomoeae but with toe short- er and blunter; aedeagus distinct. Length 2 mm.; tegmen 1.3 mm, 9 Lighter than male; in immature specimens all light yellow Length 2.6 mm. ; tegmen 1.9 mm. Hab. Koko Crater, Oahu, on Pledranthus (Swezey, March; Osborn, April). At the time Mr. Swezey Avas at Koko Crater he could find no signs of Delphacids on this plant, but from some speci- mens of Plectrmvtlius which he brought back with him nymphs hatched out in Honolulu. Some two weeks later Mr, Osborn *Note: — There is a second type of genitalia in which the anal spines are longer and nearer together and the aedeagus longer, more slender and the spines somewhat differently arranged. At present I cannot consider it a distinct species. 180 visited the same spot and searched in vain for these insects, but from plants he bronght back numbers of nymphs hatched. Xo parasites hatched from these eggs. The absence of nymphs or adults from these plants while the eggs were present in such numbers is curious, and would indicate that some enemy made away with them upon their hatching. Ants (Pheidole megacephala) were abundant all over the food plant and are the only enemy we can attribute the absence of nymphs and adults to. A large series of adults was obtained by rearing the nymphs which hatched from eggs in the plants collected. PI. 2, fig. 19. 4. .1. l-irl-aJdyi sp. n. ^ Tegmina reaching just to the end of abdomen. Near to A. ipomoeae but with face broader, with carinae and lateral edges more arcuate. Pronotum, vertex, face and clypeus yellowish, fuscous on pronotum between carinae and on outer edges; mesonotum dark brown; legs yellowish, with indistinct fuscous longitudinal mark on femora, abdomen yellow with brown spots, mostly on sides. Tegmina hyaline, with indistinct fuscous mark across middle, darker and nar- rower on hind margin at apex of clavus, wider but more indistinct on costa; three or four small brown dots on apical margin; veins whitish on basal and apical portions. The genitalia differ considerably from A. ipomoeae, the spines on anal segment being longer and thinner, the styles flattish and curving to a point at apex; the aedeagus also differs. Length 2.2 mm.; tegmen 1.6 mm. 9 The female T associate with this is light brown with slight infuscation on abdomen ; the infuscation on tegmina much more indistinct. Length 2.7 mm. ; tegmen 2.0 nmi. Hab. Punaluu, Oahu (Swezey, June). I name this species after Mr, G. W. Kirkaldy, to whom we are indebted for so much of our knowledge of Hawaiian Delphacidae. PI. 2, fio'. 20; PI. 3, fiff. G.3. 5. A. swezeyi sp. ^ In structure this agrees with artemisiae except in genitalia. Vertex, face and clypeus brown, darker along outer edges of carinae, surface slightly granulated, antennae yellowish; pro and mesonotuni brown, latter darker than former, legs lighter brown, abdomen brown 181 with yellowish pleura, anal segment yellowish. Tegmina reaching nearly to end of abdomen, all apical cells present; hyaline, yellow- ish, veins yellowish, a fuscous spot at apex of costal cell, another at apex of clavus, spreading out along cubitus. Pygophor deeper than broad, no spine on ventral edge, emargination on dorsal margin only half surrounding anal segment, a pair of large, inwardly pointing spines on anal segment in a medio-lateral position; styles longer than broad, apex broad and slightly excavate, inner angles slightly drawn out, outer edge curved inwards toward base, inner edge slightly excavate along apical two-thirds, where it is slightly elevated along border; apical portion of aedeagus laterally flattened and pointed. Length 2 mm. ; tegmen 1.5 imn. Hab. Palolo, Oaliii (Swezej, December). I can place no female with this species at present. PI. 2, fig. 21. 6. A. iraUupensis sp. n. ^ The median carinae of face converging apically, where they are obscure. Vertex, face, clypeus and antennae light brown, darker between carinae; pro and mesonotum light brown, carinae and pos- terior edge of pronotum darker, legs lighter brown, posterior femora darker, abdomen dark brown, base light. Tegmina reaching to end of abdomen, semi-opaque, yellowish, slightly fuscous at base, fuscous at end of costal cell and at apex of clavus, veins fuscous except at apex where they are yellowish, a few hair-bearing black granules along veins. Pygophor oval, no spines on ventral margin, emargination of dorsal edge deep, more than half surrounding the anal segment; no spines on anal segment; styles long, narrow, widest at base and at apex where the angles are produced; aedeagus tubular, curved, with a few small spines at apex on dorsal side, behind which it is slightly excavate. Length 2.5 mm, ; tegmen 1.8 mm. 5 In the female I associate with this species the abdomen is lighter and the femora darker, the tegmina are less fuscous and the veins have no granules; the median carinae of face are more distinct. Length 3.2 mm. ; tegmen 2.2 mm. Hab. Wailupe, Oahn. (Swezey, January.) PI. 2, fig. 22, 7. A. fJavocoUaris sp. n. ^ Tegmen reaching to end of abdomen. Vertex dark brown, lighter at base; face dark brown, lighter at apex; clypeus dark brown, lighter at base and a little on median carina; antennae yellow, pro- 182 notum yellow, mesonotum dark brown, legs yellow with brown femora; abdomen yellow with fuscous markings. Tegmen fuscous yellow, darkest toward apex of clavus. Pygophor but little deeper than wide, anal segment sunk well into pygophor, spines on anal segment large, simple, inwardly turned and diverging; styles very much like those of artemisiae but nar- rower at apex and not so twisted; the aedeagus different. Length 2.5 mm. ; tegmen 1.8 mm. Hab. Kaala Monntains, Oalni. (Swezey, September.) In this species we have the aedeagus flattened laterally, a condition found in the following four species. PL 2, fig. 23. 8. A. duhautlae (Kirk.). Nesopleias dubaidiae Kirkaldy, 1910, Fauna Hawaiiensis, II, (6) p. 583. This is described by Kirkaldy as being a very variable species, but in the long series I have examined this is not very evident. In the male the dark band across the tegmen is narrow on the hind margin and broad on the anterior margin, the costa being yellow; this leaves a subquadrate yellow mark over the basal portion of the clavus when tegmina are at rest; the female almost immaculate or with a fuscous spot near end of clavus on hind margin. The spines on the anal segment strong, wide apart, curved inward; the aedeagus differs from that of artemisiae, but the genital styles are difficult to separate. Hab. Lanihula, Oahu (Swezey, October) ; Pacific Heights, Oahu (Swezey, May) ; Palolo, Oahu (Swezey, December) ; Olympus, Oahu (Swezey, January). PI. 2, fig. 26. 9. A. artemisiae (Kirk.). Nesopleias artemisiae Kirkaldy, 1910, Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc, II, (3) p. 118. The male of this species can be recognized from dubaidiae by the dark marking on the tegmina extending to the apex and the subquadrate light mark at apex of clavus not notice- able. The spines on the anal segment are near together and the aedeagus recognizable. One male specimen from Kaala Mountains has the tegmina uniformly dark fuscous brown. PI. 2, fiff. 27. 183 10. .4. cnmpylotheca-e sp. n. ^ Tegmen reaching to near end of abdomen. Light yellow; tegmina yellow with median third occupied with black band, indis- tinct on costal margin, the edges of the band uneven; last joint of tarsi fuscous. Pygophor deeper than broad, ventral edge produced into minute lip, dorsal edge subangularly excavate with anal segment well en- veloped; spines on anal segment curved inward; styles intermediate between artemisiae and stcezeyi: the aedeagus with a distinct barb at apex and an angular projection on ventral edge about middle. Length 2.2 mm. ; tegmen 1.4 mm. 2 Yellow; tips of tarsi fuscous; tegmina immaculate or with slight fuscous mark on hind margin about middle. Length 2.8 mm. ; tegmen 1.8 mm. Hah. Waihipe, Oahn, on Campylofheca. (Swezey, Janu- ary. ) PL 2, fig. 25; PL 4, fig. 64. 11. A. l-aalensis sp. n. ^ Tegmina reaching nearly to end of abdomen. Yellow, abdo- men slightly fuscous, tip of last tarsal joint black; tegmina yellowish with black band, the band extending from a little before the middle to near the apex. One specimen much darker all over and the dark band more extensive. Pygophor little deeper than wide, dorsal edge subangularly emar- ginate, anal segment sunk below edges of emargination, spines on anal segment pointing inward, short, stout, with a distinct tooth; styles near to campylothecae but little narrower on basal half, the outer apical corner more pointed, the knob on inner edge little more promi- nent; aedeagus near that of cainpi/lothecae but without the barb at apex and with a small spine near orifice of ejaculatory duct. Length 2.2 mm. ; tegmen 1.7 mm. 5 The females I associate with the above are uniformly light brown or fuscous yellow, the abdomen slightly fuscous. Length 2.9 mm. ; tegmen 1.8 mm. Hab. Kaala Monntains, Oahn. (Swezej, September.) PL 2, fig. 24. NESOBESTIAS Kirkaldy. Kesorcstias Kirkaldv, 1908, Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc, I, (5) p. 201. Nesopleias (in part) Kirkakly, 1910, Fauna Haw., II, (6) p. 582. 184 1. N. filicicola Kirk. This differs from the species of Aloha by the very short teg- mina of a coriaceous texture and with reticulated surface. Anal spines short, thick, straight, bases contiguous, diverging; styles on the plan of A. ipomoeae : aedeagus flattened laterally, a cock's comb of three spines on dorso-apical area and a single one on ventral area near apex, a large one on left side near apex. I should consider this as a development of the ipomoeae group. PI. 2, %. 28; PI. 4, fig. 76. 2. ry\ lumhata (Kirk.). Nesopleia,'^ nimhata Kirkaldy, 1910, 1. c. This has the same short tegmina as filicicola but not so coria- ceous or with such distinctly reticulated surface. Anal spines very long and thin, slightly diverging towards apices; styles somewhat like those of A. kirkulclyi but shallowly emarginate on outer edge; aedeagus laterally flattened, three small spines on dorso-apical area, a large blunt one on dorso-apical area, four or five on ventro-apical area and a large one on ventro-basal area, a large spine on right side toward apex.* Whilst these two species are congeneric, the question arises whether they are homophyletic, or if one has branched from the ipomoeae gronp and the other from the l-irhaldyi group. PL 2, %. 29; PI. 4, hg. 77. DICTYOPIIORODELPHAX Swezey. Dictyopliorodelplia.v Swezey, 1907, Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc, I, (3) p. 104. 1. D. mirabilis (Swezey). By the single frontal carina this species shonld come near one of the Nesosydne gronp, but the aedeagus has greater affinity to Nesorestias filicicola, so that .there is the possibility of the single carina being of independent origin. Anal segment sunk well into pygophor, anal spines very minute; pygophor very shallow; styles broad at base, curved, with long spine at apex nearly at right angle to broad basal portion; aedeagus flat- tened laterally, deep for basal two-thirds, a "cock's comb" of five spines on dorso-apical area and some five or six small spines on left side near apex. *In specimens taken by Mr. Timberlake off Phegopteris the spine on right side .of aedeagus is not so large and the ventral spine thinner. 185 NESOSYDNE Kirkaldv. Nesosydne Kirkaldv, 1907, Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc, I, (1) p. 161. Type Iwae. 1. N. I'oae Kirk. This species is at present known from Oahu and Ilaw^aii ; female specimens from Waimea, Kauai (Swezey, February) mav be the same, but the fact that the species attached to the phyllodia of koa in that island is distinct from that on Oahu or Hawaii makes it probable that the green species is also distinct. Both the nvmphs and adults are of the same bright green as the young leaves of Acacia koa on which they feed ; a few stra}^ specimens are occasionally taken from the phyllodia. The type locality of this species is Tantalus. In specimens from this locality the anal spines are fairly long and slender, the aedeagus slightly compressed, slightly curved in profile esnecially along the ventral edge and towards the base, being broadest in the middle; a row of strong spines curves from an apical-dorsal point across the right side to a ventro-basal point, on the left side a less well defined row of spines runs from apex to near base near to the ventral edge. Specimens from Kilauea, Hawaii, are characterized by being darker, especially on the mesonotum; the aedeagus is not so greatly curved on the ventral edge and the anal spines are shorter and thicker. Fig. 32. This figure is not so broad in the middle or so strongly curved on ventral edge as it should be. 2. N. ruhescens Kirk. Nesosydne I'oae var. ruhescens Kirkaldv, 1907, Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc., I, p. 161; 1908, t. c, p. 202;' 1910, Fauna Haw., II, (6) p. 581. This I consider to be a distinct species from koae and treat it accordingly. It is attached to the phyllodia of Acacia koa and is colored in accordance with its habitat both in the nymphal and aduu stages; a few stray specimens are occasionally found on the young leaves. The type locality is Tantalus, Oahu, where the average color is a light reddish brown with lighter carinae. The anal spines long and thin; aedeagus straight to near base, the apical opening on the right side, a dorsal row of strong spines runs from apex to near 186 base, a small irregular group of spines occupy a medio-ventral posi- tion on right side and a few spines near apex on the left side ex- tending in an imperfect line to near middle; the number of spines on the sides are variable. Figure 30. pulla var. n. The Kilauea, Hawaii, specimens are darker in color, especially the mesonotum of the males, which is sometimes nearly black, the anal spines stouter and shorter, the dorsal row of spines on the aedeagus is represented by a few irregular spines, the spines on the left side form a more complete row along the ventral surface. It is distinct and constant enough for a varietal name. 3. N. pseitdoruhescens sp. n. ^ Macropterous. Light brown, lighter over frons and on carinae, abdomen dark brown or nearly black. Tegmina hyaline, veins dark brown with small granules of same color bearing black hairs, yellow- ish over basal portion of costal, radial and median basal cells and over clavus, apical portion of clavus and over hind margin to apex fuscous. Anal spines long and straight; styles short and broad, of the same type as Aloha ipcmioeae; aedeagus very similar to that of N. anceps, but the line of spines on dorsum not turning on to right side and the spines on ventral side not so distinct and forming two or three uneven rows or a cluster (not shown in figure). Leiig'th 2.8 mm. ; tegmen 3.2 mm. 5 Lighter in color, especially on the abdomen, and inclining to greenish. Lengtili 3 mm. ; teg-men 3.5 mm. Hab. On the phyllodia of Acacia koa; at present only known from the small koa reservation at "29 Miles," Olaa, Hawaii. (Giffard and Mnir, January, 1915; Giffard, 1916, January. ) In coloration this species is very similar to ruhescens, but the fuscous hind margin from clavus to apex is very distinct- ive and the short, broad styles make the male easy to recog- nize; the genitalia come nearer to anceps, which is very differ- ently colored, is brachypterous and is only known from Glen- wood where there is no koa. PI. 2, fig. 34. 4. N. lioae-phyllodii sp. n. ^ Macropterous. Brown, a few light dots on face, abdomen with fuscous markings. Tegmina hyaline, yellowish, veins con- colorous with membrane with distinct brown granulations. Pygophor and styles as in koae; anal spines long, thin, touching at base and a little beyond, then diverging and pointing basally; aedeagus "with a row of spines on ventral side, another on dorsal near apex, continuing across right side to a ventral point beyond 187 middle, on the left side a row of spines from near apex to near base along a ventro-median line. Length 2.2 niin. ; tegmen 3 mm. 5 Macropterous. Infuscation on abdomen less extensive, ovi- positor darker than body. Length 3.3 mm, ; tegmen 3.5 nmi. Hab. On the phyllodia of A. hoa, Waimea, Ka\iai. (Swe- zej, February.) A specimen from "Waianae, Oahu (FnUaway), I place here provisionally ; in it the anal spines are long, straight and ■wider apart at base, the aedeagus stands between koae and koae-phyllod'ii. PI. 2, fig. 31. .Y sivezeyi sp. ^ Antennae reaching to apex of clypeus, first joint more than half the length of second; furcation of frontal carina at extreme base. Tegmina not reaching quite to end of abdomen. Head light brown or yellow, slightly fuscous between carinae; pro and meso- notum dark chocolate brown, the same color extending on to the coxae of first and second legs, rest of legs light brown, hind legs slightly fuscous; abdomen brown with base, middle line on dorsum and slight specks on pleura lighter. Tegmina hyaline, very pale brown, a dark brown mark on hind margin at end of clavus, fading off into the surrounding membrane, base of tegmina slightly darker, veins concolorous as membrane, with very minute granules. External genitalia figured. Aedeagus with a row of spines from a dorso-apical point across the right side to a ventro-median point; a small bunch of spines in a ventro-apical position extending in a row along a ventro-lateral line to past middle on left side. Length 2.5 mm. ; tegmen 1.9 mm. Hab. Mount Olympus, Oahu (Swezey, jSTovember). Described from a single male specimen. PI. 2, fig. 33; PI. 4, fig. 6S. 6. N. anceps sp. n. ^ Brachypterous, tegmina reaching almost to end of abdomen. Frontal carina simple; antennae reaching beyond base of clypeus, first joint distinctly more than half the length of second. Head light yellow, dark brown between carinae on face and on genae, and slightly on clypeus; pro and mesonotum shiny dark brown, pleura and first and second coxae brown; legs yellowish, hind femora fuscous; abdomen brown, yellowish at base and on pleura. Tegmina hyaline, slightly yellowish, a fuscous mark from base of costa across to apex of cubitus, darkening and spreading out more 188 at latter point, a dark mark at apex of costal cell, basal edge of clavus dark, veins concolorous as membrane, very fine granules bear- ing black hairs. The genital styles are between the type of koae and blackburni, — the "ankle" forming a ridge running from inner apical corner to near base; anal spines large, curved; aedeagus slightly flattened, •widest on apical half, a row of spines along dorsum to past middle where it turns across the right side, another row along ventral side. Length 2.5 mm.; tegmen 1.9 mm. Hab. Glen wood, Hawaii. (GifFard and Muir, January.) 7. N. pele Kirk. One specimen from Kilanea, Hawaii (Giffard and Muir, January), which I refer to this species and figure external genitalia. The aedeagus on the type of l-oae, a few spines along the ventro-apical area and a few on dorsal continuing on right side. The styles are shorter and broader with the apices squarer than in I'oae, and the "ankle knob" forming a small pyramid. Antennae only reaching a little beyond base of clypeus, first joint slightly less than half the length of second. Ma- crop terous. PL 2, fig. 3G; PI. 4, fig. 78. 8. N. oahuensls sp. n. ^ Frontal carina simple; antennae reaching beyond base of clypeus, first segment more than half the length of second; brachypte- rous, tegmina reaching about one-fourth from apex. Head and an- tennae yellowish, blackish between carinae of face and clypeus and on genae in front of antennae; pro and mesonotum brownish, carinae yellowish, extending more or less into disk; abdomen dark brown, yellowish at base and down middle of dorsum and on pleura; teg- mina yellowish with brown mark at end of costal cell, and a plainer one at end of clavus, veins concolorous as membrane with small black hairs. Shape of pygophor very much like nephrolepidis : anal spines long, curved back upon themselves about middle; styles and aedea- gus figured. Length 3.1 mm. ; tegmen 1.7 mm. Hab. Tantalus, Oahu (Giffard, January). PI. 2, fig. 37. 189 0. N. cyrtandrae sp. n. Frontal carina simple; antennae reaching beyond middle of clypeiis, first joint considerably more than half the length of second; brachypterous, tegmina reaching to base of pygophor. Stramineous; head, especially between carinae, fuscous. Teg- mina hyaline, stramineous, veins fuscous with minute granules with small black hairs, a small dark mark at end of costal cell and a larger one at apex of clavus. Genital styles more complex, but aedeagus on same plan as koae. Length 2.1 mm. ; tegmeii 1.4 mm. Ilab. Xahikn, Maui, off Cyrtandra (Swezey, September). PI. 3, %. 38; PI. 4, figs. 07, 69. 10. N. gouJdiae Kirk. Antennae reaching to apex of clypeus, first segment more than half the length of second. No spines on anal segment, ventral apical edge lipped and turned doiwn; styles widest at base, apical half har- row, inner apical corner slightly produced; aedeagus on the type of koae, but membranous on ventro-apical area. PI. 3, fig. 39; PL 4, fig. 72. 11. N. neplirolcpidls Kirk. The only male I have seen, and from which my fignres are made, is a specimen from Ookala, Hawaii, and may prove to be a different species from the typical Oalni specimens. Kir- kaldy's figure shows the styles foreshortened and therefore difiicnlt to recognize. Anal spines large, laterally flattened, tapering to a fine point, parallel to near tip where they slightly diverge; aedeagus with circle of spines near apex. Antennae reaching to near apex of clypeus, first segment more than half the length of second. PI. 3, fig. 40; PI. 4, fig. 79. 12. N. hUu'Unirni sp. n. $ Brachypterous, tegmina reaching about to apex of abdomen. Antennae reaching nearly to apex of clypeus, first segment more than half the length of second; frontal carinae simple. Carinae of head, antennae, sides of genae below antennae and sides of clypeus yellowish brown, between carinae of vertex, frons and clypeus and genae in front of antennae dark brown; pro and mesonotum and coxae of front and middle legs dark chocolate brown, rest of thorax yellowish, legs light brown with faint longitudinal fuscous mark 190 along femora and a faint band toward apex of tibiae, tarsal joints fuscous; abdomen dark brown, yellowish at base. Tegmina hyaline, yellowish, a dark brown mark at end of clavus and another at end of costal cell spreading across disk and forming a band, lightest in middle, veins concolorous as membrane with very minute granules or with none, base of claval margin dark. The "ankle knob" of styles developed to a slightly curved blunt point; spines on anal segment medium size, flattened laterally, sharply pointed; aedeagus sharply bent near apex, a semicircle of spines running from dorsal point near apex, across right side to a ventro- apical point. Length 2.8 iniii. ; tegmen 2 mm. 2 Brachypterous, tegmina not reaching apex of abdomen. In general color lighter than male. Length 2.9 mm. ; tegmen 2.S mm. Hab. Hawaii on Mamaki (Pipturus alhidus^ ) ; Olaa (Per- kins, November, No. C35) ; Kilauea (Giffard, July; Giffard and Muir, January); Waimea (Swezey, October). This is the most common Delphacid around Kilauea in January; it does not agree with any published description. It varies in color to very light forms in which' the carinae of pro and mesonotum are light, and even all the head and thorax without dark markings; the markings on tegmina are some- times reduced to a small spot at end of clavus and another at end of costal cell, but the dark color on veins does not always fade with that in cells; in some cases the infuscation extends to near base and apex along veins. It is possible that this is umbratica Kirkaldy, but the description is useless for identi- fication. PL 2, fig. 41; PI. 4, figs. 70, a-b. 13. N. perhinsl sp. n. ^ Brachypterous, tegmina reaching to near apex of abdomen; antennae reaching beyond middle of clypeus, first segment more than half the length of second; furcation of frontal carina about middle of frons. Head dark brown, antennae and carinae light brown; pronotum dark between carinae, which are light, the lateral portions lighter than middle; mesonotum dark brown; abdomen dark brown, lighter at base, on pleura and a mark down middle of dorsum; pleura of thorax and front and middle coxae dark, rest of legs light brown or *Mr. Giffard has taken this off of Stenogyne and Clerviontia. There is also a long-winged form which is somewhat darker than the short-winged ones, the tegmina light brownish with darker veins. 191 yellow. Tegmina hyaline, faintly brown, a dark brown mark at apex of clavus and a very faint one at end of costal cell; margins of tegmina, except at end of clavus, light yellow, veins concolorous as membrane, apical veins slightly lighter, no granulations. The aedeagus is bent much more than in the preceding species, a ring of spines toward apex, formed of some eight or nine spines on right side and four on left side. Length 2.6 mm.; tegmen 1.8 mm. Hab. Haleakala, Maui, 5000 feet elevation. From one male specimen (No. 636) of Dr. R. C. L. Per- kins, October, 1896. PL 2, fig. 42; PL 4, fig. 73. 14. N. wailupensis sp. n. $ Brachypterous, tegmina not reaching quite to end of abdo- men. Antennae reaching to near apex of clypeus, first joint consid- erably more than half the length of second, furcation of frontal carina about a third from base. Head fuscous or black between carinae, antennae and carinae light brown or yellowish, thorax brown or fuscous brown with light carinae, legs fuscous brown, front tibiae with darker band at apex; abdomen dark brown, light at base and a small line down dorsum. Tegmina light brown, margins whitish, except at apex of costal cell and apex of clavus where it is brown, this brown extending into membrane; veins fuscous except apical veins which are light, no granules, a few black hairs along apical margin and a few on nerves. Pygophor very distinct, lateral edges angular, anal segment with large stout spines, wide apart and slightly diverging, ventro-apical edge lipped; styles long and narrow; aedeagus tubular, slightly curved, a small group of spines on ventro-apical point and a few on left side near apex, four or five along middle on dorsal side, four or five in a corresponding ventral position and a few along the right side. Length 3.3 mm. ; tegmen 2.3 min. 2 Brachypterous, tegmina not quite reaching apex of abdomen. Length 3.7 mm. ; tegmen 2.5 mm. Hab. Wailupe, Oahn (Swezey, January). Some speci- mens (immature?) are nearly all yello\yish, the tegmina with only the dark mark at apex of clavus and apex of costal cell. PL 3, fig. 43; PL 4, fig. 66. 15. N. pipturi Kirk. Anal spines long, thin, pointed, nearly straight, slightly diverg- ing apically; aedeagus small, tubular, slightly curved and pointed apically. There appears to be some variation in the spines on aedea- gus; in some they are absent, in others irregular around middle or arranged in more or less of a line. These variations appear to follow 192 localities, but want of time and material prevent me from following up the question. PL 3, fig. 45. 16. N. cliamhersi Kirk. Antennae not reaching to middle of clypeus, first segment less than half the length of second. Aedeagus long, cylindrical, slightly curved and recurved, with a short, broad spine at apex on dorsal side and a few on ventral side oa apical half. Feeding on Raillardia, Kilauea, Hawaii (Giffard and Muir, January). PI. 3, iig. 44. 17. N. oshonii sp. n. This is a light colored form, very near chamhersi. The genital styles are narrower and the apical corners more produced and sharper, especially the outer one; aedeagus is very different. In the figured specimen, the only male I possess, it is possible that the apical por- tion is broken, but the base is so different from chamhersi that I have no hesitation in giving it a specific status. Hab. Crater of Haleakala, Maui ; taken from among dead leaves ronnd the roots of RaiUardia, on which it probably feeds. (Osborn, Jannary.) PL 3, fig. 46. 18. N. cyrdhodis Kirk. Antennae very short, first segment less than half the length of second. Very minute spines on anal segment; styles near to cham,' her si but narrower at apex and rounder on outer, basal edge; aedea- gus small, tubular, curved, without spines. PL 3, %. 48. 19. N. fidlawayi sp. n. ^ Brachypterous, tegmina reaching about one-third from apex of abdomen. Antennae not reaching beyond base of clypeus, first joint less than half the length of second; frontal carina simple. Light brown; carinae of head lighter, with a few lighter spots be- tween carinae of face; thorax slightly darker than head; legs light, longitudinally marked with fuscous; abdomen marked with darker spots. Tegmina uniformly light brown. Genital organs practically the same as cyathodis. Length 1.7 mm. ; tegmon 1 mm. 2 Similar to male, but abdomen not mottled with darker spots. Leneth 2 mm. ; tegmen 1 mm. 193 Hab. Kamoku, ]\Iolokai (Fullawaj, July). Also speci- mens of females from lao Valley, Mani (Swezey, August), which I cannot separate from the Molokai, and two female specimens from Haleakala Crater, Maui (Osborn, January; Fullaway, July), which only differ in beino- darker. 20. N. incommoda sp. n. $ Frontal carina simple; antennae reaching a little beyond the base of clypeus, first segment slightly less than half the length of second; tegmina reaching nearly to end of abdomen. Light brown or yellowish, slightly darker between carinae, abdomen slightly darker. Tegmina yellowish, veins slightly darker "With minute gran- ules. Anal spines short, stout, wide apart; styles approaching cya- thodis, but "heel" pointed and "toe" rounded, "ankle knob" slight; aedeagus long, tubular, swollen at base, curved downward, four spines along right side and a few on left, a few minute spines near apex. Length 2.5 mm. ; tegmen 1,6 mm. 2 The female I place with this male was taken at the same time. The abdomen is not quite so dark and the infuscation between carinae not so plain. In one specimen there is a slight fuscous spot at end of clavus. Length 8.2 mm. ; tegmen 2 mm. Hab. Kaumuohona, Oahu. (Muir.) PI. 3, fig. 17. 21. N. leahi (Kirk.). MegameJus leahi Kirkaldy, 1904, Entomologist, 176. Nesosydne leahi Kirkaldy, 1908, Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc., 202. The shape of pygophor and styles as in raillardiae, anal spines stout, medium length, slightly converging; aedeagus with row of spines on right side from a dorso-apical point to a point a little beyond middle near ventral side, a short row along the ventro-apical line and three small spines near apex on left side. This description is taken from specimens from Wainiea, Kauai (Swezey, February) feeding on LipocJiaeta. I have seen no males from Oahu, so this may be a distinct species. PI. 3, fig. 49. 194 22. N. raiUardlae Kirk. Antennae very short, first segment less than half the length of second; aedeagus very short, flattened, deep at base, a small row of spines on ventral side near apex, another on dorsal slightly on right side, none on left side. PL 3, %. 50. - 23. N. ipomoeicola Kirk. Antennae reaching beyond middle of clypeus, first segment more than half the length of second. Aedeagus tubular, flattened on dorsal surface at apex, a stout spine on each side of the flattened area; anal spines short, stout, "wide apart and pointing backward. Kirkakly's figiire of the styles" in this species is not very clear. This species is widely distributed in the archipelag-o and appears to have several distinct subspecies or varieties which only more material will fully elucidate. In one form there are three spines around the apex on the ventral side (Kilauea, Hawaii, Giffard and Muir, January) ; in another very distinct form the flattened surface is practically absent ancl the two lars^e spines are quite close to the apex (Kilauea, Hawaii, Giffard and Muir, January). This last variety is distinct enough to be given a specific name. PI. 3, figs. 51 a-c. 24. N. halia Kirk. Antennae reaching nearly to apex of clypeus, first segment more than half the length of second. The aedeagus appears to be an ex- treme development of ipoynoeicola, the dorsal, flattened portion be- coming membranous; on the right edge of this membranous sur- face there are three spines, the basal one large and bifurcate, the left having only one feebly furcate spine. PL 3, fig. 52. 25. N. giffardi sp. n. ^ Frontal carina forking a little beyond middle; antennae reach- ing nearly to middle of clypeus, first joint more than half the length of the second; tegmina reaching about middle of abdomen. Brown, face and clypeus darker between carinae; posterior edge of abdo- minal segments darker. Tegmina light brown, a small dark mark at apex of clavus, veins concolorous as membrane, very minute gran- ules with black hairs. No spines on anal segment, ventral edge lipped; styles long and narrow; aedeagus large, laterally flattened, base very deep, apex deep, two spines on dorsal surface about middle 195 and a series of large spines around the rim of the dorsal portion of apex. Length 2.7 mm. ; tegmina 1.5 mm. 5 One specimen which agrees in structure and color I place with this male. Length 3 mm. ; tegmina 1.15 nun. Hab. Tantalus, Oahu (Giffard, March) ; 9 Pacific Heights, Oahn (Swezey, March). PL 3, fig. 54; PI. 4, fig. 74. 26. N. niontis-tanfalus sp. n. ^ Frontal carina forking at extreme base; antennae reaching to middle of clypeus, first joint considerably more than half the length of second; tegmina reaching about one-fourth from end of abdomen. Light brown, fuscous between carinae on face and clypeus, abdomen dark brown, base, median line and some medio-lateral spots on dorsum lighter. Tegmina light brown, with a darker mark from base of costa to apex of clavus a small dark mark at apex of costal cell, veins concolorous as membrane with a few fine black hairs. Shape of pygophor much like that of giffardi; apex of anal segment slightly emarginate, each corner produced into a short, broad, blunt point; no anal spines; styles long, thin, tapering to a point; aedea- gus on plan of giffardi with three spines on medio-dorsal position and two on ventral side near base, two small spines at apex on dorsal side and four on right side. Length 2.3 mm. ; tcgmen 1.5 mm. 9 Similar to male, but lighter, the fuscous mark across tegmen very faint. Length 2.5 mm. ; tegmen 1.4 mm. Hab. Mount Tantalus, Oahu (Gifl^ard, Xovember). PI. 3, fig. 55. 27. N. sharpi sp. n. ^ Brachypterous, tegmina reaching nearly to end of abdomen; antennae reaching nearly to apex of clypeus, first joint considerably longer than half the second; furcation of frontal carina at extreme base. In coloration this species is very like u-ailiiijejisis : legs are a little more fuscous, especially the hind tarsi. In shape the aedeagus is near ivailupensis : the anal segment is truncate at apex with a large curved spine from each corner; styles long, thin, with apices truncate and slightly expanding; the aedeagus on a plan somewhat like giffardi or halia, flattened laterally, the apex ventrally drawn out into a long point, and dorsally on right side produced into a 196 bifurcate prong with a small short spine below; on right side there are four spines in a small curved row; the dorsal surface, except the basal fourth, is membranous. Length 2.9 mm. ; tegmen 2.2 mm. $ In structure the same as male; in coloration difficult to sepa- rate from wailupensis. Length 3.7 mm. ; tegmen 2.3 mm. Hab. Oahn, Pnnahni (Swezey, Jnne, September) ; Kan- mnohona (Mnir). This species is named after Dr. David Sharp, whose work on the ''Fauna Hawaiiensis" has placed all Hawaiian ento- mologists nnder a del)t of gratitude. PI. 3, figs. 53 a-b; PI. 4, lig, 65. 28. N. rochi sp. n. ^ Brachypterous, tegmina not quite reaching apex of abdomen; frontal carina forking about one-third from apex; antennae reach- ing beyond base of clypeus, first joint more than half the length of second. Brown, basal half of clypeus lighter than apical portion, carinae of head light brown or yellowish, pro and mesonotum light brown, carinae and lateral portions of pronotum fuscous, pro and meso- pleura dark extending on to coxae, a round mark on metapleura; abdomen brown, base and mark down dorsum lighter, legs light brown, tegmina light brown or yellowish, a dark mark at end of costal cell and end of clavus, basal portion of claval margin dark, veins fuscous with minute granules bearing black hairs. Pygophor ovate; anal segment short, without spines; styles in lateral view bent nearly at right angle a little above middle, narrow, truncate at apex; aedeagus forming a boat-shaped trough, the left edge higher than right with five spines near apex and two about middle, right edge without spines, a series of spines forming irregular rows across ventral surface. Length 3 mm. ; tegmen 2 mm. 2 Slightly lighter in color than male. Length 3.3 mm.; tegmen 2.1 mm. Hab. Konahuanni, Oahn (Swezey, February) ; also one 9 from Palolo Valley, Oahn (Swezey, January), which agrees in structure but is much lighter in color. This species is named after Mr. J. F. Rock, whose work on Hawaiian trees has been a great assistance to Hawaiian entomology. PL 3, fig. 56; PI. 4, figs. 71, a-b. 197 29. N. nionticola Kirk. Antennae not reaching beyond base of clypens, first seg- ment abont half the length of second. I have only seen females and can only jndge of its position by those; it is very similar to cliamhevsi Init has no grannies on teginen. 80. A. haJcal-ala Kirk. Have only seen females; antennae reaching little beyond middle of clypens, first segment more than half the length of second. 31. N. argyroxiphii Kirk. I have only seen one damaged female withont antennae. 32. N. nephelias Kirk. I have only seen females of this species ; antennae reach- ing well beyond middle of clypens, first segment more than half the length of second. 33. N. procellaris Kirk. I have only seen one female specimen of this species; the antennae reach nearly to tip of clypens and the first segment is more than half the length of second. 34-38 The following five species are nnkno^^^l to me: N. umhra- tlca, N. hamadryas, N. palustris, N. nuhigena, N. imbricoJa. PART IT. Btogexetic. Whilst acknowledging the great importance of experimental zoology, I still believe that the words of Dr. Jordan, qnoted at the head of this Eeview, hold good, and for this reason the fanna and flora of the Hawaiian, and other long-isolated. Isl- ands are of extreme interest. 198 Dr. Perkins, in liis Introduction to the Fanna Hawaii- ensis, has snrvejed the insect fanna of the Archipelago in a masterly manner, and tonched npon some of the fundamental problems connected with its origin and evolution. It remains for Hawaiian entomologists to periodically survey each family in the light of increased knowledge, see how far the new facts support old theories, or what new theories they lend their aid to, and to indicate in what direction more details should be accumulated. The following is an attempt at such a survey of the species dealt with in the first part of this paper. The family of Delphacidae, as represented in the Archi- pelago, exhibits the same phenomena as are observed in most of the families represented in the native fauna. In it one finds a few foreign species, some of which are introductions since the advent of the white man; a certain number of native spe- cies of foreign genera, which may eventually be discovered elsewhere; and a large number of species forming closely re- lated autochthonous genera, the species themselves being often polymorphic groups of individuals forming races, varieties or subspecies, wdiich in many cases show distinct geographical or topographical grouping, as do many of the recognized species. All these phenomena are well exhibited in the family under review. In Perkinsiella saccharicida and Peregrinus maidis we have two foreign species introduced into the Islands in quite recent times, both of economic importance, and the for- mer, on account of the work done in its control by introduced parasites, of great biological interest. Three species of Kelisia (sporobolicola, paludum and sivezeyi) represent the native spe- cies of foreign genera, all living in the lowlands on grasses and sedges, a habitat and food not used by the species of the autochthonous genera; these may eventually be found to be foreign species. It is the species forming the autochthonous genera that present the greatest interest and with which this Review deals. Haw^aii Oceaxic ok Continental f Before considering the origin of the Hawaiian fauna it is first necessary to come to a decision as to the character of the Archipelago. Is it a purely oceanic area with a fauna (and flora) descended from a limited number of immigTants, who arrived by natural means of dispersal over large ocean areas, 199 — the flotsam and jetsam method as it has been called, — or is it a continental area, at one time connected up to a conti- nental area and sharing its fauna (and flora), hnt having be- come separated at a certain period, the fanna (and flora) thus isolated having evolved into what we now find ? IMost of the biologists who have discussed this subject have inclined to the former opinion, but a few have held the latter. Prof. IT. A. rilsl)r_v accounts for the presence of certain primitive land shells and the absence of certain more modern groups by postulating a continental Pacific area in late Palae- ozoic or early ]\Iesozoic times. The northern portion of this area, of which the Hawaiian Islands are the remnants, became isolated first, the southern portion having broken up at a some- what later date, the present land shells being the representa- tives of the fauna of that period. The insects in no way support this theory and in some ways oppose it. If the insects represented that early era we should be rich in Orthoptera and Keuroptera, and especially rich in Blattidae; they should show some of the primitive characters of the species of the Carboniferous age, and among the Hemiptera there should be traces of Protohemiptera and Palaeohemiptetu belonging to the Permian age. If our Isl- ands came under the influence of the Triassic insects we should have forms of Chrysomelidae, Buprestidae and other families w^hich are not represented. The superfamily Fulgoroidea, be- sides the species of Delphaeidae, is represented by only two genera of Cixiidae, the world-wide Oliarus and the autochtho- nous monotypic lolania* We cannot consider these as primi- tive forms or as representative of early Mesozoic times. The miost remarkable thing about the Hawaiian fauna is the absence of many large groups, some of which are world- wide. The enormous family of Scarabaeidae is entirely un- represented ; Lucanidae is only represented by a single autoch- thonous genus with one or two closely related species ; Chryso- melidae is not represented by any species we can consider na- tive. In these cases we can understand that the feeding habits of the young and the poor flight of the adult would prevent them traveling any long distance over sea. Similar cases can be drawn from each of the large orders of insects, as Dr. Per- *I have specimens from Fiji which I consider belong to this genus. 200 kins has sliowii, and parallel cases could be drawn from the rest of the fanna and from the flora. If we postulate a con- tinental area to account for the presence of certain land shells and for the absence of others, we confront a vastly greater task to account for the absence of vast oroups of animals and plants. Most ])aleogeoi;'rai)hers insist on a larger land area in the Southern Pacific than exists at present and on an extension of the northwestern portion of South America, or the western coast of Central America, in a northwesterly direction. Such land areas would greatly alter ocean currents and increase the probal)i]ities of ''drift" reaching the Hawaiian Islands from those regions. Prof. Pilsbry's opposition to the flotsam and jetsam method of stocking islands breaks down considerably when he admits such a method to sto<'k low islands of the Pacific and in such cases as Tornatell'ma in the Galapagos. After considering the evidence of the fauna and flora, and of geology and hydi-ography, it appears to me that the theory of the continental nature of the Ilawaiian Archipelago is the less tenable, as it raises greater problems than it is called \\\)0\\ to solve. Therefore in the following Review I shall consider that the Islands are oceanic ; that the fauna is descended from inmiigrants which arrived at different periods, and that the Islands are of enormous antiquity, instead of the alternative continental theory which would make our fauna the descend- ants of continental type which flourished in late Palaeozoic or early ^lesozoic times. OiiKiix OK THK Hawaiian Aloiiixi. In the systematic portion of this Kevicw it has been shown that the species can l)c divided into two groups. In one group, Leialohae, consisting «>f Lc'udolia and Nesodrym, tlie first joint of the antennae is very short; in the other, Alohae. consisting of Aloha, Nesorestias, Didyopliorodelpliax and Nesosydnc, the first joint of the antennae is much longer. A study of the male genitalia leads to the conclusion that they are of inde- pendent origin and form two distinct phylogenetic groups. The foi'ni of I he acdcagus, the styles and the mechanism for coordinaling ihcii' nioveincnts with that of the anal segment are different. 201 The Aloliae consists of several groups of very distinct in- sects ; even the gen us Nesosydne contains groups of diverse species. This wouhl indicate a very ancient immigration. Another point of interest is that a majority of these species are brachypterous. TheLeialohae consists of two genera, sejiarated by the double or single nature of the frontal carina, but the species of both groups are closely related ; the species or subspecies around lehuae being still in a very indefinite condition. This would indicate a much more recent inunigration. The species of this group are all macropterous. Leialulia lehuae and allied species are attached to Metrosideros, a genus of tree that there are reasons to believe, so Mr. J. F. Rock informs me, does not belong to the most ancient portion of the Hawaiian flora. The only species of this tribe known outside of the Hawaiian Isl- ands are one in Australia and one in South America, so we must look to one or the other of these localities for the ances- tors of the Hawaiian AJoliini. The above stated facts lead me to believe that the Hawaiian Aloliini are descended fi'om t^vo separate immigrants, the an- cestor of the Alolia group having arrived at a very much earlier (bite than the ancestor of the Leialoha group. Al- though the latter is the more recent immigrant, yet it is not a more highly specialized form,- — rather the reverse, for the short basal joint of the antenna is the more primitive in ontogeny. LixEs OF Evolution. In dividing these species into genera Kirkaldy followed the general usage of considering the nature of the frontal carinae as of primary importance. This brought Leialoha next to Aloha and Nesorestias, and Nesodryas next to Neso- sydne and Dictyophorodclphax. The general build of these insects does not admit of such an association, and the male genitalia demonstrates the affinity of Leialoha and Nef'ns is flattened and deepened con- sideraldj at base, as is also the case in the fonr allied species (Jx-anlensis, campylothecae, dithautiae and artemisiae). Neso- sydne ipomoeiocola appears to lead to halia and this to skarpi, cjiffardl and montis-tantalus. N. rochi is very isolated. i\^. nephrolepidis, hlaA'hiirni and perkinsi may indicate a phylo- genetic g'ronp, and N. inrornmoda may lead to cyathodis. Nesorestias may be a develojmient of Nesosydne hirlioldyi. Dictyophorodelpliax is extremely isolated, bnt appears to have affinities to Nesorestias filicicola. In Aloha ipomoeae the genital styles are fairly simple. The line of evohition appears to be in the development of the "ankle knob" which leads to a complexity of striictnre; an- other line of e^'olution is the narrowing of the st^des. It wonld be perfectly legitimate to call all these species phallic species, for the chrootic characters are very slight in comparison with the phallic. Factors ix Evolutigx, Death Factors. Although no case of es^g parasitism has been placed on record, yet the presence of j\Iymarids abont bushes containing Delphacids indicate that snch exist; judging by conditions elsewhere I should say that they play an im- portant part in reducing the numbers of the Delphacids. Spe- cies of Pipunculidae, Dryinidae and Stylopids are common and play a very important part in the balance of these insects. Species of native predaceous Heteroptera are common in some localities; what part native birds and lizards play I cannot judge, as my experience in the field is too limited. At the present time' the introduced ant (Pheidole megacephala) plays a very important part in the districts in which it can thrive, and it is likely it will lead to the extinction of certain spe- cies.* Judging by the little we know of the death factors it is highly probable' that the chief mortality falls upon the eggs and nymphs and can have little or no effect ui^on adult char- acters, except by correlationship. Natural Selection. None of the structural chrootic specific or generic characters show signs of direct utility, and there- fore cannot be accounted for directly by Xatural Selection. ^Note: — See remarks under Aloha plectranthi. 204 It has been suggested, with very good reasons, that brachypte- rons forms are more prolific than macropterous ; this, if cor- rect, wonld account, on selective lines, for the predominance of brachypterons forms in our Delphacid fauna; this would likewise lead to stricter segi-egation and thence to species formation. The elongation of the head of D ictyoporodel ph ax mirahilis may also represent the result of Natural Selection, for Ker- shaw has sho^^'ll that among some Ilomoptera there is a great expansion of the stomach, wdnich sends diverticula into every available portion of the body. In D. mirahilis, Pyrops can- delaria and some other species one of these diverticula enters the head and fills the entire enlarged portion. It appears as if some physiological necessity (perhaps on account of the nature of the food) made an enlargement of the stomach ad- vantageous. But if Xatural Selection has brought about a monotypic evolution in this case it has not given it any ad- vantage over other species, for D. ntira/jilis has an exceedingly restricted range. When we consider coloration there are certain cases which look as if ^Natural Selection could have pla^^ed some part. The nymphs and adults of N esosydne hoae live on the young green leaves of Acacia hoa and are similarly colored; N. rii- bescens, N. pseudorubescens and N. koae-phyllodii live on the dark-colored phyllodia of the same tree and are brownish or reddish brown in color. N esosydne raillardiae is colored like the leaves of its food-plant, and the dark body and whitish tegmina of N. cyathodis are very cryptic when associated with its food on the lava flows around Kilauea. It would be of interest to know the habitat of N. fullawayi in Molokai, which is practically only a color variety of N. cyathodis. The dark colors of the Leialolia group, attached to Metrosideros, are also cryptic in association wdth the main appearance of their habitats. The great majority of the species of Alo]ii)ii are indefinite in coloration and there is a great amount of varia- tion, especially among the females, so that it is impossible to insist upon any protective coloration — unless the variation and indefiniteness themselves are protective. When we turn to the phallic characters we confront a very difficult problem, for we know absolutely nothing about the manner in which these organs function in the Delphacidae. At one time I held an opinion similar to Prof. V. L. Kellogg, 205 that it was a case of many keys to open one lock ; but after an extensive study, along with Dr. David Sharp, of these organs in Coleoptra, and their function during copulation, I was forced to change my opinion, for the evidence shows that in many cases the key fits its lock, and its own lock only. In these cases the coadaptation is between the meml)ranous internal sac and its armature and the membranous uterus. In the Derbidae I have observed a coadaptation between the genital styles and anal segment and certain knobs and de- pressions on the female, a coadaptation I did not suspect until I observed the sexes in copula. How far some of the minor changes (i. e. N. koae, N. Jcoae-phyUodii and oaJiuensis) would prevent fertilization it is impossible to say at present, but that such structures as the aedeagi of N. lioae, N. perl-insi. X. raillardiae, N. ipomoeicola, N. lialia, N. sharpi and T. f/if- fardi could all perform the same luechanical operation in a similar manner is highly improbable. On the other hand, to account for these structures along with a coadaptation in the female by ISTatural Selection is to me unthinkable ; the more one tries to follow out in thought sucli an operation the greater the difficulty becomes. Isolation. Our collections are not complete enough for us to judge of the full effect of isolation on species formation, but enough is known to demonstrate that isolation and species formation coincide to a very large extent. A few species are dispersed over two or more islands, others over one island, but a large number have very limited habitats. D. mimhUis is a good example of this limited range, it being found only on a small ridge a few feet wide and not more than a quarter of a mile long.* According to our present collections Oahu has 42 species, Hawaii 20, Kauai 12, Maui 11, Molokai 7 and Lanai 5. This does not represent the richness of, but only the amount of collecting done in each island. In spite of this it is possible that a study of the distriliu- tion of these insects in the Archipelago may lead to some in- teresting results, if it be borne in mind that more extensive collecting is likely to modify the present conclusions. That more species will be found in the Island of Hawaii, when the *Mr. Timberlake has since found it on the Lanihuli ridge, on the western side of Nuiianu Valley, and Mount Kaala of the Waianae Range. — Ed. 206 same amount of collecting is done in other districts as has been done in the vicinity of Kilauea, is nearly certain. Little or no Delphacid collecting has been done in Kohala or Ivona and very little in Hamakua. Oalin has not yet been exhausted, and the other Islands have only been worked in a few localities. One thing which the tables show up very distinctly, which is not likely to be greatly modified by more extensive collect- ing, is the high percentage of single-island endemism. Out of the 78 species and subspecies recorded 65 (83.3%) are confined to single islands, 9 (11.5%) are common to two isl- ands, 3 (3.8%c') to three islands and 1 (1.3%c) to five islands. In comparing the two groups the Aloliae, with 8-1.6%, is slightly above the Lcialohae (with 80.8%) in single-island endemism and below (.96 to 1.5) it in two-island endemism; considering that the LeialnJiae are all macropterous and most of the Alohae brachypterous, one might have expected a greater difference. It indicates, if the relative antiquity of the two groups be not considered, that the power of flight, while reducing topographical evolution, had not influenced geographical evolution ; that is to say, the power of flight had been sufficient to enable species to move about freely on an island, but had not been sufficient to enable them to pass freely from island to island. Kauai has only one endemic Alohae. whilst it has 5 Lei- aloJiae; Oahu stands with 24 and 8, and Hawaii with 8 and 4, nearly the same proportion as the total species in each isl- and, a natural condition when the number common to two or more islands is so small. This might indicate that the immi- grant ancestors of the Alohae, arriving from the south or southeast, landed upon one of the more southeasterly islands and only a few have been able to reach the more isolated nor'- w^estern island of Kauai. The fact that only two species of the genus Aloha are known outside of Oahu, and one of these the ubiquitous A. ipomoea-e, may be due to our ignorance, but it lends support to the idea that Oahu may have been the original point of colonization and the center of distribution. The Leialohae are better flyers and so a greater proportion has reached Kauai. But why evolution in Kauai should have been more active among the Leialohae than among the Alohae is not evident. In the table of two-island endemism we find that Kauai has one species common with Oahu and one with Molokai, 207 but nothing with the other islands, a fairly natural result from their geographical position. Oahu has nothing common with Maui, an unnatural state of affairs, and three with lEa- waii. The AloJiae have 5 cases of two-island endemisni and the Leialohae 4, again indicating the greater jiower of flight of the latter. In the 8 cases of three-island endeniism the AJoJiar luive 2 species and the Leialohae 1 (L. oliiae), all three being macropterous. The only case of more than three-island en- deniism is Alalia Ipoinoeae, which, from morphological rea- sons, the Avriter has considered as the most primitive of the group and a likely ancestor of them all. LeiaJoha ohiae is also possibly the most primitive of the Leialohae and may be the ancestor of that group. The study of the distribution of these insects gives no support to the theory that the Alohae are of greater antiquity in the Archipelago than the Leialohae; this theory finds its support in the proportional amount of evolution in the two groups. The brachypterousness of the Alohae may be consti- tutional and this may have led to a greaier amount of evolu- tion. It is to be ho])ed that in the near future enough material will be accumulated from the different islands to enable us to draw juster conclusions and to more clearly indicate the evolution of these insects in the Archipelago. The reason Avhy isolation should cause variation is not yet understood. That the norm of a few isolated specimens should differ from the norm of the species only accounts for an alteration of the norm within the limits of variation of the species, but leaves the reason for variation l)eyond that limit unexplained. The Kau lava flows are very instructive, as they shoAV the manner in which "hipul-asf or small isolated areas, are cut off by the lava flows surrounling them. These kipul-as are centers of segregation and must have played an important part in the evolution of our fauna, especially with wingless insects. When w^e consider the enormous age of our islands and the niunber of such isolated spots which must have been formed during the building up of them, we can realize to some little extent the enormous help isolation could have been to species formation. 208 Orthogenesis. The fact that parallel development, such as the reduction of the two frontal carinae to one, has taken place not only within the Alohini but also within other sec- tions of the Delphacidae, w^ould lead one to suppose that there is a fundamental law acting in each group. Even if it could be shown that this reduction w^as of a utilitarian nature, and thus open to the influence of Xatural Selection, it would sug- gest that a common cause brought about the variation in each group. Lama)-cl-icw factors. Of true Lamarckian factors I can see no evidence among the material under discussion, unless short wings originated through disuse. I have also suggested that the develoj^ment of the elongated head in Dictyopkorodel- phax may be due to mechanical causes. Mendelisni. Mendel's law states the manner in which characters are inherited in balanced crosses, and explains why certain cbaracters are not "swamped" by crossing. Around this law^ there has growii up certain theories of genetic fac- tors. According to certain Mendelian workers all variation is due to the loss of one or more inhibiting factors. This is a belief which I cannot prevent anyone from holding who wishes to do so, but I hope such believers will not try to pre- vent me from disbelieving it. When I think of the primeval cell containing all the genetic factors and inhibitors of all past, present and future specific characters my credulity breaks down. Even when I consider the invisible complexity of the aedeagus of the original ancestor of the Aloha group, as neces- sitated by this theory, my imagination fails me. If evolu- tion were progressive only, then the theory of inhibiting fac- tors would be simplified, but degeneration is as much a part of evolution as progression. The idea that the loss of in- hibiting factors could bring about complexity and then, con- tinued still further, bring about degeneration, appears to me very improbable. One would have to postulate double and triple sets of inhibiting factors. If w^e consider the case of the transformation of two frontal carinae into one w^e must believe that the inliibiting factor is lost at the last ecdysis, for up to that period there exists two carinae. In other cases where ontogeny follows the same course as phylogeny we must suppose the inhibiting factors to be present in the germ and to be lost during development. 209 Another belief among these Avorkers is that "pure lines" cannot vary, and Johannsen's experiments with beans is used as proof. To me these experiments appear as confirmation of iS'atnral Selection, for here we have a varying species which, bv selection, can be formed into two or more forms, exactly as required by Darwin's theory. To maintain that if one of these "pure lines" were isolated upon an island, where it could in- crease and spread over a fairly large area, it would never Viiry is a belief without evidence to support it. Such a belief requires us to maintain that the few immigrants, which formed the foundations of our insect fauna, were all "impure lines," from which the species, as we now know them, have been sifted out, or that they are all the results of cross-breeding. In criticising Darwiii's ISTatural Selection theory it is sometimes argiu^l that his "variations" are not inheritable, whereas the whole theory of Natural Selection demands that they should be if they are to take any part in evolution. To divide "variations" into "mutations" and "fluctuations" and say that Darwin only dealt with the latter is to totally mis- represent Darwin's work. DeVries' "mutations" appear to me to be synonymou? with Darwin's "sports." Characters which we may now consider as genetic may originally not have been so. The case of Artemia will illus- trate my meaning: supposing it was to lose the power of liv- ing in fresh water, then the characters it assumed in salt water would be genetic Weismann's theory of the continuity of the germ cells, and his distinction between germ and soma cells, has been used by many writers to support certain theories relating to genetic factors, and the fact is sometimes lost sight of that soma cells are only germ cells modified during the course of ontogeny, and that cell association has an important rok. in this modification, as polyembryony shows. The capacity of reproducing the whole organism possessed by germ cells is not lost by the soma cells of certain organisms, and is not entirely lost by living cells whilst cell division takes place. Causes of Variatigx. The key to evolution lies in the causes of variation, as has been stated by many writers, and of these causes we know next to nothing. That there are many such causes I have little 210 doubt, and efforts to prove that only one is in operation are not likely to meet with much success. Investigations into the physico-chemical nature of organism promises to reveal inter- esting results. Cell association is another subject of great in- terest, whether we are considering ontogeny or phylogeny. In this connection polyembryony is instructive, for here we see a group of cells w^hich left in association will form one organ- ism, each cell forming a certain part, but if these cells be sepa- rated each one becomes a complete organism. Kegeneration appears to be similar to polyembryonism. Another instructive case is the absence or presence of certain cells, such as the testes, in an organism. Every biologist should be familiar with the many cases of this nature on record. A recent o-ase is that of Dorothy of Orono,* the Ayrshire cow ; this animal assumed characters of the male, both in structure and be- havior, and the only abnormality that could be observed was a slight difference in the follicles so that no corpora lutea were formed. When collecting at Kilauea in January, I was surprised to find a number of male specimens of Delphacids in which the external genital organs were abortive or improperly de- veloped. In all such cases I found that the testes had been destroyed by parasites, either by Pipunculiis or Stylo pids; when parasites were present but no damage done to the testes there was no malformation of the external genitalia. The chief alterations were in the reduction of the aedeagus, the reduction or absence of the anal spines, the reduction of the genital styles and of the mechanism that coordinates the move- ments of the anal segment, aedeagus and genital styles. If the destruction of these cells can bring about such a distinct alteration as this it shows that th^re is a very intimate asso- ciation between them and the external genitalia, and that the development of the latter depends upon the nature of the for- mer. Is it not possible that a change in the nature of these cells, either chemically or physically or both, may bring about a change in the form of the genitalia, and that the aedeagus is the most susceptible of the genital organs to such changes ? We might even speculate further and consider a correspond- 'Pearl and Surface, Science 1915, No. 1060, p. 616. 211 ing change to take place in the females of the same family, due to the alteration of the germ-plasm of the parent.* Future Lines of Wokk. In spite of the great amount of collecting done by Messrs. Perkins, Swezey, Giffard and, in a lesser degree, others, our collections are still very imperfect. Many species are repre- sented by females only, and others only by single specimens ; the number of species yet to be found I think is quite large, as so many are exceedingly local and collecting has only been done in a very few localities in the Islands. A fuller repre- sentation may change our ideas on minor points, but I do not think it will alter the main conclusions as drawn from our present collections. Breeding experiments to show the sta- bility of certain characters would be of interest, especially if cross-breeding can be accomplished. In all future specific work a study of the aedeagus will be essential, so a few words as to the method I use for examin- ing this structure may be of use. With fresh, or, if dried then thoroughly relaxed, specimens, it is easy to dissect the entire pygophor ofi' of the abdomen ; soaking or boiling in caustic potash will thoroughly clear it of all fats and then, with the aid of a pin, the base of the aedeagus can be pushed forward from inside; this Avill cause the anal segment to move upward, the styles to move downward and the aedeagus out- ward, so that all the organs become fully exposed ; or the anal segment, aedeagus and styles can be dissected as one piece away from the pygophor. These should be mounted on the same card-point as the specimen. The specimen is perfect for all practical purposes and the genitalia fully exposed. A ''biological survey" of the Islands is advocated in cer- tain quarters, mostly by those whose knowledge of what has already been accomplished is very limited. The botanists, ornithologists, conchologists and entomologists have surveyed their respective fields very efficiently, and now the task is one of detail and of close collecting. There is small hope for the ornithologists adding very much to their knowledge, either of *Over thirty varieties of lateral lobes of Cetonia aurata are fig- ured by Ciirti (Entom. Mittelungen II, 1913, No. 11, p. 340) from various localities. It would be of interest to know if an equal amount of variation existed in the internal sac. 212 new forms or of distribution ; the botanists and entomologists have still mnch to learn in those directions, and a fuller knowl- edge will lead to a better imderstanding of the phylogeny of the various groups ; that such added knowledge will change the aspect of our fauna and flora is exceedingly unlikely. Note. The following new Nesosyduc has been found by Mr. P. II. Timberlake since the completion of the above: Nesusijdjie label lac sp. n. $ Brachypterous; antennae reachl^g to about middle of clypeus, first joint more than half the length of second; median frontal carina furcate at extreme base or only thickened over that area; length of vertex about twice the width; hind legs considerably longer than body, first joint of tarsus longer than other two together, spur nearly as long as first tarsal joint, narrow, with 12 teeth on hind margin. Brown or fuscous brown, carinae of head and thorax, clypeus, leKs and ventral surface of thorax lighter, base of abdomen and line along dorsum lighter. Tegmina hyaline, tinged with light brown, veins darker with minute granules bearing black hairs; a dark fus- cous spot at apex of subcostal cell and another at apex of clavus. Pygophor broadly open, similar to N. sharpi: anal segment also very similar to that species, but the spines forming a broad, flat process at each ventral corner with a small spine at apex; styles very like those of N. xvailnpensis, but slightly shorter and broader; aeadegus thin, tubular, slightly curved upward, a row of small spines from dorsal point on apex across left side to a ventral point about middle, another similar row on right side with the spines larger and extending more basally, the last three spines along the ventral surface. Length 3 mm. ; tegmen 2 mm. 2 Similar to male. Length 3.5 mm. ; tegmen 2.4 mm. Hab. Oahu, Kaumuohona ridge, Koolau Mountains, on Lobelia hypoleuca llhd. One male and a series of females (P. H. Timberlake, April). Type in coll. H. S. P. A. Exp. Sta. This species comes next to N. uyailupensis. 213 TABLE NO. 1. Leialohae. "cs 3 necially among the true mealy bugs, increases in size, and produces more secretion, and other striking processes. Like the Aphidae they produce eggs or young. Owing to our semi- tropical climate, we find many of our species have continuous bloods. Some species are very prolific and as many as four hundred eggs or young have been recorded. The adult male usually reaches maturity when the female is about one-third grown. In these Islands we have species which live above ground, while other species live below ground and yet other species are found above and below ground. The first systematic account of the Coccidae of the Ha- waiian Islands is recorded in the Fauna Hawaiiensis, Vol. Ill, Part 2, 1902, by the late G. W. Kirkaldy. In this ac'ount are enumerated 9 species of the Dactylopiinae. In Vol. II, Part 3, on page 127 of the Proceedings of the Ha- waiian Entomological Society, Mr. J. Kotinsky enumerates 7 more species. I note that in Kotinsky's list P. aurilanatus is mentioned as having been introduced on an Araucaria and is believed to have been eradicated by destroying the plant. This species has not been recorded since, so that, eliminating thfir species, there were 15 species of Dactylopiinae known. In Vol. II, Part 4, page 149 of the Proceedings of our So- 234 ciety I added one species, Phyllococcus (Cissococcus?) oahu- ensis, making a total of 16 Dadyhpiinae recorded up to that time. In tlie present paper I am adding five genera, of which two are new to science, and nine species, making a total of 25 species of Dactjlopiinae for these Islands. Synopsis of Genera. A Adnlt female stationary, enclosed in a glassy or horny, fringed ovisac. Asterolecanium Targ. B. Adult female stationary, living- within the ovisac or sur- rounded by waxy secretion, almost if not covering body. Antennae and legs either well developed or rudimentary. 1. Adult female enclosed in a felted sac. Caudal lobes well developed, body with dorsal and marginal spines. Antennae and legs well developed. Anal ring with eight hairs. Eriococcus Targ. 2. Adult female enclosed in a felted sac. Antennae rudi- mentary. Apodous. Anal orifice tubular with six hairs, secreting a long cotton tube. Caudal lobes not w^ell developed. Antonhia Sign. 3. Adult female resting in a mass of waxy secretion, sometimes enveloping the body, which is quite horny and dark reddish brown. Antennae rudimentary. Apodous. Last antennal segment of larva very large. Cha-etococcus Mask. C. Adult female living in cone-shaped galls on leaves. Body elongate oval, tapering, ending in a chitinous segment with well-developed caudal lobes, forming a funnel, in the center of which is situated the anal ring with six hairs. Antennae with seven asymmetrically formed joints. Legs short and stout, resembling crabs' claws. Anal re- gion strongly chitinous. Phyllococcus n. g. D. Adult female active, covered with mealy secretion, with or without ovisac. Anal ring with six hairs. Male pupa enclosed in a cottony sac. 1. Antennae normally eight-jointed, sometimes seven- jointed. Margin of body with filaments. Caudal lobes not strongly developed. Pseudococcus Westw. 235 2. Antennae eioht-jointed, margin of Ixxiy beset with projecting tubercules, bearing a number of stout short spines. Tylococcus Newst. 3. Antennae eight-jointed. Body nsually longer than three times its width. Mentnm short. Tarsus half as long as tibia. Tr'ionymus Berg, 4. Antennae six-jointed. Caudal lobes well developed, each bearing a chitinous tooth or hook. Adult female enclosed in a brittle powdery white sac. Geococcus Green. 5. Antennae six-jointed. Adult female secreting much white meal or cotton. Caudal lobes not conspicu- ous. Rlpersia Sign. E, Adult female active. Dorsum thickly covered with fine hair, appearing glassy. Caudal lobes as in Pseudococcus with slender setae. Antennae seven- jointed (many indi- viduals show only six joints). Derm with rows of large round pores on each segment, forming groups at margin. Anal ring with six hairs. Nesococcus n. g. Synopsis of Species. Genus Asterolecanium Targ. Ovisac of female broadly oval. Margin with well-developed fi'inge. hamhusae Boisd. Ovisac of female much narrower, decidedly elongate, cari- nated in the middle, attenuated at caudal end of body. In- festing bamboo. miliaris Boisd. Ovisac of female circular, usually depressed in the bark of plants, marginal fringe well developed. Infesting oleander, Hg and many other plants. pustulans Ckll. Genus Eriococcus Targ. Adult female yellowish brown, enclosed in a closely felted Mhite sac. Antennae and legs well developed. Anal ring with eight hairs. Infesting Araucaria species. araiicariae Mask. 236 Genus Antoniaa Sign. Adult female living at the base of leases of bamboo, enclosed in a white felted sac. Body purplish black. craiini Ckll. Adult female living; at the base of leaves of grasses. Body dark blackish brown or purple. iiidica Green. Genus Chaetococcus Mask. Adult female imbedded in a white w?axy secretion. Body dark brown, about 5 mm. long by 4 mm. broad. Living under the sheaths of bamboo. ' hamhusae Mask. Genus Fhyllococcus Ehrhorn. Adult female viviparous, of a dirty lemon color, slightly coA-ered with white secretion. Living in cone-shaped galls. Antennae wdth seven asymmetrically formed joints. Legs short and stout, resembling crabs' claws. Anal region strongly chitinous. Anal ring with six hairs. Infesting leaves of Urera sandivicensis (Opuhe). (Cisso coccus'?) oahuensis Ehrh. Genus Pseudococcus Westw. Adult female oviparous, dull broA\aiish yellow, marginal ap- pendages short, of about equal length, those of caudal lobes longer. Egg sac more or less spherical. Eggs amber yel- low, ciiri Risso. Adult female ovoviviparous, resembling P. ciiri, l)ut more convex and not as elongate. Marginal appendages not as stout. Color reddish brown. Lifesting pineapple, sugarcane, banana, canna roots, nut-grass, and on roots of other plants. hromeliae Boisd. Adult female viviparous, color yellow, thickly covered with white powdery secretion. Caudal appendages long and slen- der, marginal tufts filiform. Infesting ferns, caladiums, or- chids, etc. longispinus Targ. Adult female viviparous, light brown. Caudal appendages stouter than in longispinus. Dorsum with two dark markings running lengthwise with body. Infesting hibiscus, cotton, poinsettia, beans, etc. virgatus Ckll. 237 Adult female oviparous, dark purple, producing a globular cottony eggsac, almost covering insect. Infesting hibiscus, cotton, citrus, etc. filmnentosus Ckll. Adult female oviparous, elongate, narrow cephalad, of a light purplish color, covered with white secretion, giving body a grayish appearance. Four stout caudal appendages, those of margin wanting. Eggsac verj elongate, when not dis- turbed resembling Pulvinaria. Infesting bulbs. louiisburyi Brain. Adult female oviparous, narrow, elongate oval, color gray, slightly covored with white powdery secretion. Cottony egg- sac, not covering body. Infesting sugarcane. saccharifolii Green. Adult female viviparous, large elongate oval, convex, of a •lelicate ]iink color, producing a waxy cottony mass under t)0(ly. Infesting sugarcane. saccharl Ckll. Adult female viviparous, orange red, covered with a thick waxy secretion forming tufts on dorsum, like a small OrtJiezia. Infesting guava, persea, canna, palms, etc. iiipae Mask. Adult female viviparous, light yellow green. Margin of body with very long, slender, glassy filaments. Antennae and legs long and slender. Infesting Straussia. straussiae n. sp. Adult female viviparous, pinkish brown, slightly covered with white secretion. Reseml)les longispinus in form, but marginal tufts wanting, only three last segments with short appendages. Caudal lobes with long setae. Found between folded leaves of Acacia koa. sirezeyi n. sp. Adult female viviparous, yellowish brown, male larva grayish green, caudal appendages as long or longer than body. I iving in galls on Santalum. gallicola n. sp. Adult female viviparous, light yellowish brown, slightly covered with secretion. Caudal appendages longer than body. Derm with many round pores and scattered hairs. Insects produce quantities of a white, fluffy, mealy substance between the foliage. Infesting Freycinctia and Astclia. montanus n. sp. 238 Genus Tylococcus ]^e\vst. Adult female viviparous, pink or pinkish brown, thickly covered with white powdery secretion, not hiding segmenta- tion. Margin of body beset with long, coarse, white filaments, 17 on each side. Derm after treatment shows marginal tu- bercles each with a number of conical spines. Anal ring with six hairs. Antennae as in Pseudococcus. Infesting Pandanus odoratissimus. giffardi n. sp. Genus Trionymus Berg. Adult female oviparous, of a dark pink color, slightly cov- ered with white powdery secretion, not hiding color nor seg- mentation. Antennae 8- jointed, short and stout. Eggsac longer and broader than body of female. Infesting grasses. insularis n. sp. Genus Geococcui< Green. Adult female oviparous, pale honey yellow, broadly fusi- form, surrounded by whorls of fine, glassy hair. Forms a brittle, powdery white sac. Attacking the roots of trees and plants. radicum Green. Genus Ripersia Sign. Adult female viviparous, pale reddish brown, thickly cov- ered with white mealy secretion hiding segmentation. Anten- nae six-jointed. Margin of body with thick, white, waxy tufts, which often coalesce. Infesting a variety of palms. palmarum n. sp. Genus Nesococcus n. g. Adult female active. Dorsum thickly covered with fine hair, appearing glassy. Antennae seven-jointed (many indi- viduals show only six joints). Legs short and stout, espe- cially femur. Derm when cleared show^s rows of large round pores on each segment of the body, these forming groups at i.iargin. Oaudal lobes as in Pseudococcus with slender setae. Anal ring with six hairs. 239 Adult female viviparous, light yellow green. Dorsum thickly covered with fine glassy hair. Antennae seven- jointed, but six-jointed individuals are found. Legs short and stout. Derm shows rows of large round pores which form groups near margin. Infesting leaves of Piptunis alhiclxs. pipiuri n. sp. rseii(ioc()crii,s straitssiae sp.'n. Adult female viviparous, light yellow gi-een, acutely round- ed cephalad, egg-shaped. Body very slightly covered with white secretion, not hiding seginentation. Margin with very slender, hairlike filaments about as long as the average width of the body. Four caudal setae present, the two inner pair 6 mm. long, the two outer pair not quite as long as body, glassy white. Insect very active, about 3 mm. long by 2 mm. broad. When placed in KOH body turns yellow with an orange tinge on the cephalic and caudal end of body. An- tennae eight- jointed, very long and slender, almost aphis-like, and bearing very long, slender hairs. Joint 8 longest, but at times subequal with 3; joint 5 next; joints 2, 4 and 7 next and subequal ; sometimes joint 7 is longer than 4. Joint 1 is shortest and about half as long as 6. Formula: 8, 3, 5 (2, 4, 7), 6, 1, or 8, 3, 5, 7 (2, 4), 6, 1. Legs long and slender, tarsus not quite half the length of tibia. Digitules of tarsus are long, fine hairs ; those of claw are club-shaped hairs with flattened end. Caudal tubercles quite prominent, with very long setae about twice as long as the hairs of the anal orifice, also bearing two stout spines and several fine hairs all in a group of prominent round pores. Anal orifice small, with six long, fine hairs. ^Marginal segments with two stout, short spines in a group of round pores, which area is light brown and quite conspicuous. Male of the usual Pseudococcus type, light yellowish brown. Thorax, head and end of al)domen dark reddish l:ro\^'ll. Antennae ten-jointed; joint 3 longest, joints 1 and 2 stouter than the rest, and joint 2 almost egg-shaped. Caudal setae about one-quarter length of body. Hab. — The species is viviparous and is found on Straussia hawaiiensis, at 1800 feet elevation on the Island of Oahu; and on Myrsine species at 2900 feet on the Island of Molokai. (Knhns.) 240 Pseudococcus swezeyi sp. n. Adult female viviparous; resembles P. longispinus in gen- eral appearance, but marginal filaments are not developed, only the last three segments bearing short filaments and the caudal lobes with long setae. Adult female pinkish brown, about 2 nnn, long by 1 mm. broad, quite flat, very active when disturbed. Body slightly covered with a thin, white, meal_y secretion which does not hide the color nor the segmentation. Legs and antennae light yellowish brown. When placed in liquid potash body turns dark reddish brown and becomes clear after boiling. Anten- nae eight-jointed, with the 8tli longest and 4 the shortest. Joints 1 and 2 are broader than 3, 4, 5, 6 and Y. Joint 8 swollen in the middle so as to be as broad as joints 1 and 2. Each joint with a few hairs, joint 8 with numerous hairs, some of which are quite stout. Joints 5 and 6 subequal. Formula: 8, 1, 2, 3, 7 (5, 6), 4. Legs quite stout. Femur quite swollen. Trochanter plus femur subequal with tibia dIus tarsus. Tarsus one-half as long as tibia. Claw stout and sharply curved with dilated digitules. Digitules of tar- sus long fine knobbed hairs. Trochanter has a very long stout hair, longer than the hind leg. Anal lobes not promi- nent, with long fine setae, thinner than the hairs of anal ring, ^vhich are stout and about subequal in length with the caudal setae. The lobes also have two very stout, long, conical spines and several long fine hairs surrounded by many round pores forming distinct light brown patches. There is also a similar patch on the penultimate segment near margin ; the rest of the marginal patches bear two conical spines and a few round pores, but becomes less distinct as they approach the cephalic end. On the dorsum are numerous long fine hairs and round ])ores. Caudad of the anal ring is a double row of long fine hairs. Male cocoon is of the usual type and firm of texture. Male larva when ready to pupate is light grayish green. Adult male of the usual type, of a dirty yellow green color. Thorax quite elevated above and of dark brown color; eyes red. Wings iridescent, showing a beautiful pink color in cer- tain light. Caudal filaments snow-white, extending beyond the folded wings about half the length of the body; they are as ^ the outer pair about half as long as the inner pair, and five or six conical spines of various sizes and numerous stout hairs surrounded with many round and triocular pores. Marginal patches on the last four segments bearing groups of round pores with conical spines. Anal ring with six stout hairs about as long as caudal setae. Larvae reddish brown, quite large when just hatched, active. Antennae and legs stout. Antennae six-jointed, the sixth the longest and as long as joints 2, 3, 4 and 5 together, which are subequal in length. Legs short and stout. Femur very stout. Tibia subequal with tarsus. Claw long and straight, abruptly curved. Caudal lobes w'ell defined, with setae about twice as long as the hairs on anal ring. Rostral loop reaches beyond last pair of legs. Eyes red. Male cocoon small, not densely felted. Adult male. — Two forms have been found. Apterous male very small, active, reddish brown, eyes red. Antennae eight-jointed, of which joint 8 is longest, about one- third longer than 2. Joints 1 and 2 are much broader than the rest, joint 2 being as broad as long. Joints 4, 5, 6, 7 are subequal. Legs long and slender, very little longer than an- tennae. Caudal lobes not very prominent, with short setae. Style quite pronounced. 246 Winged male similar to apterous form. Antennae nine- jointed. Joint 9 subequal with 2. Joint 2 is one-third longer than broad. Joint 3 with petiole. Joints 1 and 2 twice as broad as 3, 4 and 5. Joints 6, 7 and 8 are broader than 3, 4 and 5, but not qnite as broad as 1 and 2. Joint 4 is short- est. All joints with niimerons hairs and 8 with two stout bristles. Legs longer than antennae, quite stout. Femur plus trochanter equal to tibia. Tarsus about half as long as tibia. A few long hairs on femur and tibia on their margins. Tibia with two very stout spurs at its end. Tarsus with stout hairs on its inner margin. Digitules fine hairs. Claws very slender, long and straight, with sharp point, no digitules; at least none observed. Habitat. — On various palms, Cocos nucifera, Latania glau- caphylla, Thrynax and Areca lutescens, at Honolulu, Hawa- iian Islands. This species has more the appearance of a Pseudococcus, on account of the thick secretion on the body and the marginal tufts. Nesococcus plpturi sp. n. Adult female viviparous, about 1^2 mni. long by 1 mm. broad, moderately convex, light lemon yellow, thickly covered with fine, glossy hairs on dorsum, nor hiding color of insect. Segmentation indistinct. Legs and antennae same color as body, or a trifle darker. Ventral part of body naked. When placed in KOH body turns orange brown and derm becomes transparent after boiling. Dorsum thickly covered with slen- der bristles, and round pores on each segment near margin, formnig clusters of four or six pores as marginal patches. Antennae of seven joints, although specimens also show six- jointed antennae when third joint has not divided. Joint 7 longest, then joint 2. Joint 1 is twice as broad as long at its base. Formula of seven-jointed specimen is: 7, 2 (3, 4, 6), 1, 5, or 7, 2 (3, 4), 6, 1, 5. Each joint bears long, fine hairs, especially the last joint, which has numerous long, fine hairs. Antennae as well as the legs are short and stout. Femur is quite swollen. Tibia is two times longer than tarsus. Trochanter plus femur is subequal with tibia ])lns tarsus. Claw is long and sharply curved, with short, stout, curved, club-shaped digitules. The digitules of the tarsus are long, fine, knobbed hairs. The trochanter has a very long, fine hair 247 on its outer margin, about as long as the inner margin of the femur, Eostral loop reaches midway between second and third pair of legs. Caudal lobes not very prominent, with short, fine setae, when compared with the hairs of the anal ring, which are one-third longer and are stout and very pro- nounced. On the lobes are two stout spines and some fine hairs or bristles. The marginal groups of round pores on the last segment consist of eleven round pores each. In front of the anal ring on the ventral surface is a cluster of stout hairs. Between the antennae are several stout hairs. Habitat. — On Pipturus alhidus. Mount Tantalus, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands. January 16, 1916 fO. H. Swezey.) Note: — Since the Annual Meeting when this paper was presented, several new species have been discovered. They are embodied in the original paper. — Ed. Election of Officers for 1916 resulted as follows: President J. F. Illingworth Vice-President W. R. R. Potter Secretary-Treasurer H. T. Osborn Mr. Osborn being absent from Honolulu for the time being, Mr. O. H. Swezey was elected to serve as Secretary-Treasurer until Mr. Osborn's return. Some New Hawaiian Coleoptera.* BY DR. R. C. L. PERKINS. The few species of Coleoptera described below are all of considerable interest and, with one exception, I am indebted for them to various friends in the Islands. It is for this reason that I am anxious that the descriptions be published. These descriptions were drawn up a considerable time ago and formed part of a much more extensive paper on Hawai- *This paper was received from Dr. Perlvins while this number of the Proceedings was being printed, and it seemed desirable to publish it at the present time. — Ed. Free. Haw. Ent. Soc. III. No. 3, September, 1916. 248 iaii Coleoptera, the publication of which has been delayed or postponed. The species described belong to the Cerambycidae and Curculionidae and to genera already well-known in the Is- lands. Particularly interesting are the Cossonid Heteramphus swezeyi, the peculiar leaf-mining habits of which have already been published by Mr. Swezey; and that other member of the same group, Dryotrihiis unlderi, obtained on Midway Island by my friend Mr. G. P. Wilder. The tyi^ical species of Dryo- trihus — wrongly described by me in the "Fauna" as a new genus and species under the name Thalaitodora hisignis — is of extremely wide distribution and appears to be entirely attached to drift-wood. It occurs on several islands, at least, of the Hawaiian group, on the Australian coast, and in the West Indian Islands, apparently unchanged specifically, or practically so. Mr. Wilder found the form described below, not in drift-wood, but in the dead stem of some plant on Mid- way Island. The typical species I have found in the Islands on several occasions, but always in drift-wood and never away from the beach, and I have examined a W^est Indian example kindly given to me by Mr. G. C. Champion. The description of one small species of that most difficult genus Proterhinus is included in this paper, because it is of rather special interest, being attached solely, so far as I know^, to the rare and almost extinct tree Kohia (Gossypiam) dryna- rioides. Only a few examples were found amongst vast num- bers of the allied, widely distributed and polyphagous species Proterhinus deceptor. Plagithmysus kuhnsi sp. n. Head, thorax and femora black, the latter red basally, as also the whole of the hind tibiae; the tarsi, antennae and elytra more testaceous, the latter with the usual elongate, dark, wedge-shaped area, containing the lines of pale yellowish pubescence, which diverge anteriorly. These lines are similar in color to those of Callithmysus koehelci. Pronotum strongly crested and very densely punctured and scabrous, dull above, but laterally the surface becomes smooth and shining and the punctures distinct and separate, some parts being impunctate or nearly; the pubescence is sparse, whitish, and does not form bands. Elytra on the basal portion very densely sculptured and inconspicuously clothed with short white pubescence. The divergent pubescent lines are well defined. Hind tibiae with black pubescence, that on the femora short and white, but black or dark near the apex. Hind femora formed much as in male P. darwinianus, etc., but prob- 249 ably the example described is a female and the legs of the male may be more robust. Nothing is known as to the variation of the color of the legs, etc. Length 18 mm. (including exposed tips of wings). Hab.— Waianae Monntains, Oahn. Collected and given to me by Mr. D. B. Knlins. I have seen trees of Pipturus riddled by the larvae of this species in the same mountains, but neglected to rear them. There it replaces CaUithmysus koehelei of the Koolau ]\rountains. Plagithmysus ignotus sp. n. Of a dull red color, the legs concolorous, the bases of the femora not being notably pale compared with their other part. Head with very pale yellow pubescence, the pronotum with a very definite longi- tudinal band of the same on each side of the median crest, while the whole of its deflexed sides are similarly clothed. Consequently in dorsal aspect it appears to have four definite longitudinal bands. An- tennae long and slender, the apical joint being four or five times as long as its greatest width. All the femora and tarsi with white, the hind tibiae with black hairs. Elytra at the base with very pale yel- low pubescence and behind this on a darker area with the usual pale pubescent lines, divergent anteriorly. These lines are not continuous, but each consists of a series of regularly placed, small, pubescent spots, which form broken, but perfectly definite lines. Abdominal segments at the sides each with a spot of very dense pale pubescence, three similar spots continuing the series on each side of the thorax. Length 15 mm. I am not certain as to the sex of the single specimen. It comes near to F. niunroi and P. aequahs, but is quite distinct. Hab. — Kauai (3,000 feet). Given to me by my friend Mr. G. C, Munro many years ago. Acalles cugeniae .sp. n. Head, thorax and basal half of the elytra covered with ferru- ginous squamosity. The color is not uniform, being in some parts nearly orange and in others shading into whitish-ochreous. The ros- trum is red. On the head are some markings formed by black squa- mosity; two small spots of the same color near the front margin of the pronotum, and another in the middle of the hind margin. The pale portion of the elytra enclose some black markings, tending to form an irregular curved band. The deep black squamosity of their apical half is at the sides continued right to the base (but this is only seen in lateral view), while at the extreme apex the squamosity is ferruginous. Femora black with a median pale ring and another at their base, the tibiae black on the basal, pale on their apical por- tion. 250 Rostrum dull and very densely punctured (no doubt a male char- acter) ; the first funicle joint of the antennae elongate, distinctly longer than the elongate second joint and as long as the third and fourth together, the third and following ones moniliform. Pronotum from one-fourth to one-third longer than its basal width, with a strong longitudinal elevation on each side of the middle, these corresponding to the elevations of the second elytral interstices, the ridges irregular, approximated in front, but much more distant behind; two other ridges form most of the lateral outline of the pronotum in dorsal aspect and correspond with the elevated fourth interstice of the elytra, while an elevation on the deflexed sides forms a small part of this lateral outline on each side at about the middle of the length of the pronotum. Second, fourth and sixth interstices of the elytra strongly and unevenly raised, the highest pointg notably clothed with erect scales, so as to accentuate their height. Between each of the ridges two rows of coarse punctures or fovae can be seen, though the whole surface is densely covered with squamosity. Length, excluding the rostnim, 5 mm. Hab. — ]\[anoa Valley near Honohiln.* Bred from a dead branch of Eugenia by my friend Mr. O. H. Swezey. Bred examples of Acalles are difficult to compare with captured specimens, which may be partly or largely denuded of their clothing, but I believe the above to be distinct from any of the Hawaiian type specimens, all of which I have examined. Dryotribus wilderl sp. n. Black, the antennae, legs and rostrum obscurely reddish. Like the typical species of the genus, but much more slender and elongate, the elytra being about three times as long as width at their base. The pronotum also is more elongate and less coarsely punctured, and the punctures of the elytra appear considerably coarser than those of the pronotum, while the general surface of the elytra between the punctures is much smoother or less corrugated. Length 3.5 mm. Hab.- — Midway Island. A single specimen was found in a dead stem — not drift-wood — by Mr. G, P. Wilder, to whom I am indebted for this interesting form. Hetevamphus swezeyi sp. n. Dark piceous or rufescent (when more or less immature), the antennae, tarsi and more or less of the tibiae in mature examples testaceous, the rostrum paler than the pronotum and elytra. *It has also been collected on Mount Tantalus by Mr. F. Muir, and in Palolo Valley by Dr. H. L. Lyon. — Ed. 251 Rostrum bare, finely punctured, the punctures becoming sparse or almost absent on the apical portion, which is dilated, the width becoming notably greater where the pterygia become outstanding. Eyes large, the space between them in dorsal aspect only about equal to the width of one of them. Pronotum bare, dull, with dense micro scopic sculpture and copious punctures generally more or less irregu lar and coarse. Usually there is a vague depression near the bas( and sometimes also two vague lateral ones in front of this, sometimes too a more or less definite median impunctate line. The greatest width of the pronotum is nearly equal to its length; in front it is constricted and there about two-thirds as wide as along the hind margin. Elytra sparsely or irregularly clothed with flavescent setae on the interstices, these setae in parts extending to the base, and with seven rows of punctures, which vary somewhat in coarseness and also as to their closeness to one another in the striae. Lengtli 4-5 mm. This species should he placed after H. hiriellus and H. l-auai crisis, from which it differs remarkably in the bare tho- rax and in many other respects. Compared with those of the former, its eyes are very large, and this appears to be its most remarkable character. Hab. — jMonnt Olympus, near Tlonolnln ; bred from mines in Elaphoglossum bv ]\rr. O. H. Swezev, as recorded by him previously (Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc, II, p. 210, 1913).*' ProterJiinus niorihundiis sp. n. Black, the antennae sometimes more or less rufescent, the legs, or at least the tibiae, generally so. Basal joint of antennae very large, long and stout, subtriangular, as long as the next two together, the second joint being short and stout, the ninth somewhat larger than the eighth, but much smaller than the tenth. Pronotum globose, clothed with golden scales and for a large part covered with a dense patch of silvery squamosity. Elytra with the humeral angles distinct or a little produced, clothed like the pronotum with golden scales, but with more or less numerous spots of denser silvery squamosity and sparsely set with short, erect, white setae, the scutellar region bare. The femora are very stout and bear erect white setae, like those on the tibiae. Length about 2.5 mm. Hab. — Molokai, on the red-flowered native cotton tre€. ♦Recently Mr. Swezey has bred this weevil from the same ferns at Punaluu, N.W. Koolau Mountains. — Ed. 252 Notes on the Hen Flea ("Echidnophaga gallinacea" Westw.)* BY J. r. ILLI^GWOKTII. [Presented at May Rleeting.] Kecentl.y an abundant infestation of my chickens led me to examine rather carefully the habits of this troublesome in- sect. As I reported at last meeting, I first discovered the larvae were being destroyed by our predaceous ant (Plieidole megacephala). I found the dry dust which I kept on the roosting board swarming with the . immature stages of this flea. I at once removed the dust and washed down the boards with the hose. Next morning the whole surface of the roosts was thickly covered with the eggs which had dropped, during the night, from the fleas on the hens. I washed down the roosting board daily, and found that the number of eggs de- posited at night grcAV less and less. Within two weeks the adult fleas on the hens had practically disappeared. Quantities of the newly laid eggs were collected in vials and the life history followed. The incubation period was very easy to determine, since fleas placed in the vials deposited eggs at once. Some difii(culty was at first experienced in feeding the larvae. Examining the attached fleas, I found that the blood from the hen was rapidly passing through them and being dropped in the form of small pellets of coagulated blood. I had already noticed that the food in the stomach of the larvae, collected on the roosting board, showed through the skin, a dark-red color; and had noted that other species of fleas were thought to feed upon this excrement of the parents. In the vials containing these dry pellets of blood mixed with the dust I was able to easily trace the entire development. The larvae when ready to pupate became quite white, with the alimentary canal empty and the body stored with fat. The cocoon, made of the finest silk, is very thin, but serves *This and the two following short papers were Inadvertently overlooked when the copy went to the printers. The omission was not discovered until after the forms were made up, and so they are placed here, as they could not be inserted in proper chronological position. — Ed. Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc, III, No. 3, September, 1916. 253 to hold together the particles of soil. "Where the cocoons were made on the sides of the vials I was ahle to see through the thin web and note the transformations inside. The following gives a brief summary of the various stages: March 7fh March 11th March 17th March 20th March 25th March 28th March 29th tee laid Hatched Pupaecell formed Pupated Pupae slightly dark color Pupae very dark color emerged This makes a total of 22 days from egg to adult; other records gave from 21 to 20 days, hence the life cycle is about 3 or 4 weeks. ACTIVITY OF ADULTS. Fleas that emerged April 15th were put into a large glass jar with a young rooster. A careful chart was made of the top of the head, showing the distribution and sex of each of the fleas. It was found that the males move about during the night, being attached in different positions each morning — usually near females. They began dying after 2 days and at the end of 6 days all were dead — many of them in situ, with their beaks attached to the skin. The females, unless disturbed, remained attached in their original positions. After 18 days the first one died a natural death. The others died from three to four weeks after emergence, and a single female lived 40 days, producing eggs up to the time of her death, and, upon dissection, the ovaries were found to contain numer- ous developing ovules. EGG LAYING. Gelatin capsules were attached over several of the females to determine their egg-records. It was found that most of the eggs were laid at night, — under favorable conditions as many as 40 being deposited, while during the day only 2 or 3 were produced. Another interesting observation was that the females with males located near them laid many more eggs, and that their record dropped off decidedly, after 2 days, if the males were removed. Experiments were tried of intro- ducing new males with females that had ceased laving, and it 254 was found that they at once began laying again — prodncing from 24 to 32 eggs dnring the next night. ABUNDANCE OF FLEAS. To get sonic idea of the nnnihcr of tlcas in the soil of an infested henhouse, half a pint of the dry dirt from the floor was placed in a glass jar and the fleas were removed as fast as they emerged. The experiment was conclnded at the end of about three weeks, with a total of 1,027. RESISTANCE OF THE NEWLY-EMERGED FLEAS. In order to determine how long the fleas can live in the dry soil, without a host, they were ])laced in open glass jars, after emerging, and left until they died. It was found that most of them lived for over a week, and many of them much longer, some continuing for 30 days. In no case were eggs produced by the fleas before feeding upon blood. It is also interesting to note that though the females are very resistant before finding a host, they quickly succumb if removed after they have once fed upon blood, dying within a day or two. The males, on the other hand, are not disturbed by removal from the host, and actually live longer than they do while actively mating. A New Cockroach to the Hawaiian Islands (Holocompsa fulva Burmeister.) BY J. F. ILLING WORTH. [Presented at November Meeting.] At a previous meeting I reported finding a tiny roach in the sphagnum moss which was used for packing the large roaches (Rhyparohla mnderae), which Bro. Matthias ISTewell sent from Hilo, Hawaii, on November 14, 1914. This adult specimen resembled so closely the new-born young of the large species that I did not discover the differ- Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc, III, No. 3, September, 1916. ence for some days after they arrived. It lived for several months in the jar with the numerous specimens of the large species, feeding upon bread, bits of cooked meat, and insect remains, but was finally attacked by ants (Pheidole mega- cepJiala) and succumbed. I classified the specimen as above, in Brunner's Nouveau Systeme des Blattaires, p. 348, and sent it to Professor Law- rence Bruner for verification, since the original was named from Africa. Professor Bruner writes : "I have gone over .the specimen somewhat carefully and find that you have very evidently placed the insect in Holocompsa fulva Burm. It is either this insect or a very closely related species. There have been two other species described that I do not happen to have the description of at present. One of these came from the South Sea islands, the other from x\frica. The South Sea island species, I believe, was considerably larger than the present, hence I do not imagine that either of them could l)e the insect now beins; considered." Notes on Life History of "Dermestes cadaverinus " Fab. BY J. F. ILLINGW^ORTII. [Presented at November Meeting.] Recently (September 9, 1915) a collection of the large cockroaches (Rliyparohia made me) which I had drying was attacked by these insects. Each morning I found a number of the beetles hidden away under the pinned roaches. Ap- parently the life history of this species has not been pub- lished, unless in one of the early European pul)lieations which is not available. OCCUEREXCE IN THE UNITED STATES. Dr. Horace J. Jayne, in his paper "A Revision of the Dermestidae of the LTnited States" (Proc. Amer. Philosophical Soc. Vol. XX, p. 353, 1883), records this species as occur- ring in Florida. A second reference bv F. H. Chittenden, Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc, III, No. 3, September, 1916. 256 "Injurious Occurrence of an Exotic Dermestid in the United States" (IT. S. Bur. Ent., Bui. n. s. No. 38, pp. 96-97), notes several attacks by this insect on silk cocoons, reel silk, and leather in the vicinity of New York. The dried infested silk- worm cocoons had been imported from Shanghai, China. The only other reference that I have located is by W. W. Froggatt, "Insects Infesting Woolen Tops" (Agr. Gaz. N. S. Wales, 23, p. 900, 1912). The author states that a consig-n- ment of woolen tops was found to be damaged by the cosmo- politan skin weevil (Dermestes cadaverinus). A number of the very young larvae of this species were found on the drjdng roaches September 13, 1915; these were placed in separate Syracuse watch-glasses and fed upon the remains of the damaged roaches. The development was very rapid, with this abundant food supply, and the early instars lasted only two or three days. As shown in the following table, the larval period consists of seven instars, and varies from twenty-eight to forty-one days ; the pupal instar was very constant — nine days. LARVAL AND PUPAL INSTAKS. Since the literature gives the larval period of other Der- mestids as lasting from five to forty or more months, it is interesting to note the rapid development of this species under sub-tropical conditions. The larvae of this species were never observed to eat their own skins and they do not destroy one another. Both larvae and beetles have the habit of feigning death when first dis- turbed. Sharp (Cambridge Natural History, Vol. VI, p. 241, 1909), states that Dermestids pupate in the larval skin, but the species here studied invariably shed the last larval skin and showed the typical pupal characters of beetles. 257 "5 < Oct. 17 " 14 " 17 " 27 " 30 " 30 la Hi C 00 10 00 00 r-l rH |: . : . . ^2 C ^ cut ^ir. II. ,J. Tillyard of Sydney, whose remarkable work in Xeuroptera and Odonata is clearing up the affinities of many of the groups, considers the genus as foi'minc; a disticnt archaic familv. He has been the first to 260 study its life-history and to trace the development of its vena- tion. Tliynnidae. — He exhibited a box of Australian Tliynnldac collected in the Moreton Bay district of (Queensland and near Sydney. Bophaloniutilla clarlroiiils. — A Alutillid, so determined by Dr. L. Peringuey of the South African Museum, was taken while visiting glands on the foliage of a malvaeeous weed at Oloke jMeji, Xigeria. The male carries the female in co])ula much as do the male Tlujiinidac. Synnfjrls connita. — A ])air of this large Eumcnid wasp and three of its mud nests were exhil)ited. Chitinizatioti. — Mr. Bridwell nuuh' some i-emarks on the chitinization of bees and flies, to the effect that it (h)es not take place fully in many cases until the rectntly emerged adult has fed. In nuuiy other cases (diitinization is completed without feeding. Chinese Thriisli. — Prof. Bryan announced the death of the Chinese thrush which he had had in a cage since last JMay, experimenting on its food habits, it having been captured in a rat tra]). It would not eat papaia or figs, nor oranges except when they were cut open. It ate any kind of insect which was offered it, also centipedes and scorpions, but would not eat wood-lice. It was fond of the common garden snail, but did not eat the native snail from the mountains even when broken open for it. As a regulation ration it took a preparation made by mixing raw eggs with puffed rice and drying it. These feeding experiments indicate that the bird is insectivorous and therefore to be considered as beneficial. Cephaloiiontid sp. — Mr. Swezey re]>orted finding this Be- thylid, Jan. 4th, in a ])ackage of seeded IMuseatel raisins, where it was breeding on the larvae of Silrdinis snrliKDnriisis. A male and female were found, and 2.'5 coeooiis on the surface^ of the raisins where the host larvae had been feeding. Two larvae were also found on their respective host larvae. The cocoons were retained to obtain a further supply of specimens of the para- site. A related insect, NcoHclcrndenna (Afeleopfenis) farsaUs Aslim., was re])oi'ted by Aslimead simihirly breeding on the same host in raisins. 201 Notes on Sjmagris. r.KIDWKLL The g'erius l^i/iicif/ris is a characteristic Kthi(>])ian geims of wasps of which three species were taken at Oloke Meji, Nige- ria (S. ronnild Liiine-, S. sirJiclidiid Saussnre and S. aiiiplis- slina Kohl). . Of these tlie most alnnidant was N. coniiild. This species and 8. sicheliaiia were conmionlv foinid visitinii,' the large pea- like flowers of a species of Crotalarla, their long tongnes en- abling them to seenre the nectar concealed within. The male of 8. coiinda is remarkable for the jx-cnliai' antler-like ])rocess dc'veloped on the base of the mandibles and proj(H'ting forward abont fonr times the length of the mandible. In some individnals this is mnch more feebly de- veloped and less than twice the kngth of the mandible and in others still it is represented only by a tnbcrcle. In ;S'. amplis- sima the male typically bears a ])air of long projecting horns on the posterior margin of the second sternite, absent however in some individnals. Pecnliar male secondary sexnal char- acters abonnd in the genns and are fre(piently absent in indi- vidnal males. The females of the genns have great ])owers of stinging and are not at all loath to employ them. The males share with the males of Monobia quadridens of Xorth America the nn- nsnal power of inflicting a real sting, the male genitalia termi- nating in sharp slender spines capable of piercing the hnman skin and prodncing a distinct painfnl sting. The nests are made of mnd-cells arranged in a singh^ layer on the nnderside of green leaves or in sheltered positions on large stones. One nest was made up of five cells. The cells are not closed until the larva is fnll grown and ready to ])npate. Since none of the cells examined contained insect remains the larvae are apparently fed by the mothei- either on insect jnices or possil)ly on nectar. Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc. Ill, No. 4, May, 191' 262 A Note on an Epyris and Its Prey. BY J, C. liKIDWELT.. Plaliday in 1884 rei^oi-tcd an unknown Bethylus dragging about a lepidoptorous larva -with the apparent purpose of bury- ing it. This observation has been looked on with a certain amount of suspicion particularly since the general parasitic habit of the Bethylidae has been recognized. He considered it as showing the fossorial relations of the Bethylids. I am hap])y to be able to add a second -case to his and cite analogous cases among the Scoliidae, the closest allies of the Bethylidae. and with siniilai- ])arasitic-predaceous habits. In April, 1915, while collecting on the golf links of the Mowbray Golf Club on the sand fhits east of Capetown, I observed a small black Hymenopteron dragging along between its jaws a small tenebrionid larva which was, however, several times larger than its captor. After watching it for a moment I captured it and its ])rey and mounted them together. U])on examination the wasj) proved to be a species of Epi/rls a])])ar- ently as yet undescribed. In most cases I think the Betliylids find their ])rey in suit- able locations, sting them and ovi])osit in them; and only in ex- ceptional cases attempt to place them more suitably and this seems also to be the case with the Scoliidae. This would ex- plain the rarity of such observations. In 1850 Bhili]) Henry (Josse ])uhlishcd a little book called ''Letters from Alabama '(V. S. ) Cbiefly Relating to ^^atural History," which contains a uundtcr of original observations on our insects which have escaped the cataloguers. On pp. 120 and 121 will be found the following passage reproduced here on account of the scarcity of the book from which it is drawn and as showing such an exceptional case among the Scoliids. "Tliere is a liynieu(i])tcrons fly ( *SVo//c/ quadnmacuJata) Avhich r liave seen here occasionally, in the paths of the forest, towards evening. It is shaped like a bee, but is vastly larger, dee]) black, with four large yellow spots on the abdomen, Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc. Ill, No. 4, May, 1917. 263 placed in the form of a square; the wings have in a high degree that brilliant violet reflection which is found in many species of this order; the legs are thickly clothed with coarse black hair. The first time I saw it, it w^as fluttering along the ground, half flying, half crawling, carrying the larva of a lamellicorn beetle in its mouth, as big and as long as my little finger, indeed much larger and heavier than itself; I was told that it is in the habit of burying these in the ground. Doubt- less, like many other similar insects, it stupefies the larva, without killing it, and then lays its egg in the hole with it, so that the young, as soon as hatched, finds its food thus ready prepared for it. The insect is somewhat clumsy in its motions, even when unincumbered; sometimes fluttering along the ground, thus, a few inches at a time, so slowly as to be readily caught, at other times flying fairly enough, but with a heavy, lumbering flight. I do not believe that it is poisonous or if it is, that it readily exerts its powers." It is probably only exceptionally that the Scolia (better known in our lists as an Elis) would have occasion to bury its prey or to transfer it from place to place. Forbes has reported Tiphia burying exposed Lachnosterna larva (Illinois Expt. Sta. Bull. 118^, and 24th Kept. 111. State Ent., p. 159, 1908). Notes on the Thynnidae. BY .T. C. BRIDW^ELL. The Thynnidae are a family of Scolioid wasps presenting several points of great interest. They combine extreme special- ization due to parasitic ha1)its with archaic characters re- tained in but few Aculeate Hymenoptcra. The incomplete fusion of the thorax in both sexes with tlie pronotum and pro- podeum movable upon the mesonotum and metanotum, is a character of extreme interest and so far as I can learn found in no other Aculeates. In many of the species the first cubital cell is distinctly divided so as to form four closed cubital cells. Both these characters seem to me extremely archaic. The males have exceptionally strong powers of flight while the Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc. Ill, No. 4, May, 1917. 264 females are wingless and in many cases have the mouth parts besides the mandibles largely atrophied. The family is one of those whose distribution is of great interest and is a southern group. If we exclude Methoca, whose association with the family must be considered doubtful, the Thynnidae are represented in the northern hemisphere by two or three species from California and a single species is found in the Galapagos Islands. There have been no species as yet described from Africa the in Capetown Dr, Perin- guey showed me an authentic male Thynnid from South Africa. In South America, Chile, Argentine, and Southern Brazil, the family is abundantly represented. About 400 spe- cies are known from Australia, Papua and the adjacent island groups, being much more numerously represented in Southern Australia among the characteristic Australian fauna and flora than in the north, where the Malayan element is more abund- ant. In Australia it is the dominant family among the Forsorial Hymenoptera, appearing more numerous in species and indi- viduals than any other group. Most of the species frequent flowers, particularly the Myr- taceous Angophora and Leptos'permum. Mr. Henry Hacker, the indefatigable entomologist of the Queensland Museum, guided the writer to his favorite collect- ing grounds around Brisbane and on Stradbroke Island in Moretnn Bay, and kindly told him numy interesting observa- tions which he had made and enabled him to see for himself their behavior in the field. The Thynnidae, according to Mr. Hacker's observations, are certainly subterranean in their breeding habits, for the females frequently come up out of the ground covered with mud. Like most Hymenoptera the males emerge first, in most species appearing in September and October, feeding at flow- ers and racing up and down footpaths in the forests and among bushes searching for the females. These when they emerge crawl up to the top of the grass, weeds or bushes and await the males there. When a male discovers a female h? swoops 265 down nil lier and arcordinii' to ^Ir. Hacker's observations the female g-rasps him with her mandibles by the end of the al)do- men or leo-s and accoiijjlement is effected while in fliii'lit. The conpled pair visits flowers and apparently the male, in some cases at least, feeds the female. ]N"o reliable observations appear to have been pnl)lished in re£»:ard to the breeding- hal)its of any of the species, tho one published note credits one species with dragging- a cricket about. This, however, appears to he a mistake. ^Ir. Rowland E, Turner, who has monographed the species and has collected them extensively, suggests that they may be parasitic on other Aculeate Hymenoptera after the manner of the ]\rutillidae. It would, however, be diffictdt to find Aculeates enough of the size necessary to provide food for the numerous species of the size of Tliynmi.s aptcvus and abundant enough to account for the great numbers of them which are to l)e found. The great number of species to be found in a locality greater than the nund)er of abundant sjx'cies of Aculeates ai)pears also to nega- tive this view. To the writer it seems more likely that the larvae of Scarabaeid and lihyncophorons beetles furnish them with prey. The larvae of l)Oth groups are nearly enough alike to serve as the prey of such a compact grou]) where we would expect community of habits. If the group has community of habits there is no other source for prey for the group than the grubs of these beetles, which are largely subterranean, nu- merous enough in species and in individuals, and with differ- ences enough in size to provide for all the species of Thynni- dae. The affinities of the Thynnidae are also with the Scoliid wasps such as PJesia and Myzine which attack Scarahaeidae rather than with the ^lutillidae Avith their usual habits of para- sitism on other Hymenoptera. We await with great interest a series of life-history studies in this gi-oup from some of our capable Australian entomolo- 266 Regeneration in Cockroaches. BY J. F. ILLIXGWOETH. ^Yhile eari-ying on life history work with our Hawaiian cockroaches I was interested in noting- the rapid replacement of lost appeiidag-es, etc. Eight of our species have been ob- served. Usually, if a leg is broken off Ijcyoud the trochanter, soon after molting, the appendage is renewed at the next molt, wbich occurs in a month or six Aveeks. If the injurv happens shortly before molting the parts are not renewed until the succeeding molt. In catching roaches they often lose some parts of the legs and it was ()l)served that these appendages never break off alxwe the trocliautcr. Experiments were tried of cutting off the trochantei' and in some cases the entire leg, next to the body. In each case, where the victim survived, the wound soon scarred over and became heavily chitinized, but regeneration Ap])areutly the renewing cells are located in the proximal segments of the leg. The antennae, also, have the power of renewing, even when cut off close to the liead. At the first molt only a few segmenta a])])ear, but if molting continues they are soon of their normal length. It is interesting to note that when the tarsi are renewed. they hici< tlie fonrtli segment, in every case observed. This ap- ])arently accounts for many roaches having only four tarsal segments on part of the legs. FEBRITAEY ;5ki., lOlC. The one hundred twenty-fifth meeting of the Society was held in the usual place, President Illingworth in the chair. Other members ]n-esent : Messrs. Back, Bridwell, Ehrhorn, Giffard, Kuhns, Pemberton, and Swe/.ey and ]\Ir. P. IT. Tim- berlake, visitoi-. Minutes of ])revious meeting read and ai»]U'oved. Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc. Ill, No. 4, May. 191i ]\Ir. Swezev proposed the name of Mr. V. II. Timberlake for active nienibership in the Society. NOTES AND EXHIBITIONS. Halohates f>p. — Mr. Peniberton reported finding this bng in hundreds at Waikiki beach, January 19th. It was during a ''Kona" storm. They were in foot-prints in the sand. Xone were to be found the following day. Lucilia dux. — Mr. Kulms exhibited specimens of this fly reared from maggots found floating in large numbers on the surface of the water of Pearl Harbor, January 16th. He inferred that they must have been washed in from some dead animal on the beach. There had been much rain and high water which would have made this possible. Chrysopa niicrupli ija. — Air. Ehrhorn exhibited a cocoon of this lace-wing fly made beneath an empty pupa of a lady-beetle on an avocado leaf. Pseudococcns loinishiirijL — Mr. Ehrhorn exhibited this mealybug on bulbs of Zepharanthus, and reported it as occur- ring also on bullis of Crinum, the spider lily, and other such plants. It was first recorded in Africa on A cj a pa nth us:. Araucaria apliid. — ]\[r. Timl)erlake exhibited a mounted s])ecimen of an aphid foimd abundant on tips of young shoots of Araucaria in Kapiolani Park, January 30th. It was appar- ently a species not previously observed here, as it is not in Fullaway's catalogue of the Aphidida? of Hawaii. Delpliacids frotn KUauca. — Air. Giffard reported having collected a consideral)l(' nundjer of Delphacids at Ivilauea, Ha- waii, on trips made in October, 1915, and January, 1916. Enough material was obtained to add largely to our knowledge of this family as regards niuid^er of species, fc^od-plants, sea- sonal occurrence, etc. Mr. Bridwcll uuuh' tlu^ following exhibits with remarks on the same : JJou>ieflies. — Several species of Mitsca reared from cow dung in Africa and Australia, some of which resemble the liouseflv and are distinguished from it with difficultv. 2G8 Dollchuras n. sp. — In a nest in a ])lant stem were found two roach nymplis, on one of which a larva was feeding. It ate both roaches and s})un up in May. The adult emerged in September and proved to be this fossorial wasp of the family AmpnlicidiP. It was taken near th(> Khodes' monument in Caj)e Town. Quartinia capen.rls. — This, and five new species of the same genus, which are the smallest known Vespoid wasps. Netiroptera. — Specimens of the largest known antlion and the smallest known Mantispa, and other interesting Xenroptera. Paropsls. — A number of species of this Chrysomelid genus, which has 200 to 300 species in Australia. L)/rii.s. — Several species of this genus of Lampyridae from Nigeria. Xylocopa. — Several interesting species of these carpenter bees from Africa. Dryohihiis )iiiin('ficiis. — Professor Illingworth exhibited specimens of this weevil. He had collected three or four dozen under a log on the beach at Koko Head, August, 1915. MARCH 2x1), 191G. Tho one hundi-ed twenty-sixtli meeting was held in the usual ]>lace, I'resident Hlingworth in the chair. Other mem- bers present: .Messrs. Bridwell, Khrhorn, Giffard, Mant, Swezey and Tindierlake. Minutes of ]n-evious meeting i-ead and approved. ^Ir. P. H. Tiiiibcflake elected to active membership. AOTKS AM) KXIIiniTIOXS. Jlcniilclcs r(iri<'(/(ihis. — Mr. Ehrhorn reported having reared this parasite froui the VJiri/sopa 'mirropln/a cocoon exhil)ited l)y him at the ])revious nu'Cting. ^Ir. Pridwcll uuide the following exhibits with renuirks thereon : AJhxhipc and Exoiwuni. — Specimens of these African and Australian bees and notes on their habits. 269 AiLstralian Biiprc.siid-s. — Speeiiueus illustrating extremes in size. A species of Stigmodcm was about two inches in length, while Germaria casuarinae was only about one-eighth of an inch. Agriotypas sp. — A single specimen collected by Mr. F. Muir at Okitsu, Japan, It belongs to a family containing but one described species, Ayriufi/pii.s (iDiiadts of Euroj)e, which is parasitic on caddis-fly larvae. A common cricket caught on the barbs of a grass head, Ccnchrus cchiiintu-s. and still alive. Odonaspis ruthae. — Mr. Ehrhorn called attention to Mr. Kotinsky's description of this scale insect in Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, XVII, p. 101, figs. 1 & 2, 1915. Pniaspis bu.ri. — ]\lr. Ehrhorn stated that this scale is one of those that has been known here as Fioriiui fiorinae until a recent determination by Mr. Sasscer. Curcnlionids. — Mr. Swezey exhibited the following species of weevils collected by Mr. Giffard on Oahu : Deinocossonus nesiotes var. oahuensis. Pent a vth rii tn oh.'^cu ru m . OrotJirepfrs callitltrix. Cahindra rcinofa. — Originally collected in banana stems, but recently a specimen was taken in beating "ieie" vines. Xo one has collected specimens of these species in recent years except Mr. Giffard. Mr. Giffard mentioned the use of acetic ether in keeping freshly caught insects relaxed for a long time till convenient to mount them. A general discussion of this and other metli- 270 Notes on Two Species of Hawaiian Diptera. Ll.IXdWOIiJ The student of diptera has a rich fiekl in Hawaii. ^laiiy of the native species are ap])arently new; and the literature of the Islands, often, hardly nu^itions some introduced fly which is very al)nndant. Tho latter is the case with the two species recorded in this pa2:)cr. Br((rln/(J('u{crf( (ir(jcii/ala Walk. Hah. Southern United States as far as Kansas ; Cuba, Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay. Ilairalian records. First specimen obtained by Dr. Per- kins at Olaa, Hawaii, July, 189,5. Dr. Howard, Oct. 1900, records three specimens -from Hawaii, and a single specimen was taken in the Tao Valley, ^Nfaui, Sept. 1901. Of the specimens in collections, the Hawaiian Sugar Plant- ers' Association has two specimens taken on Molokai, 1907, and four at Waikiki, 1906 and 1907. The College of Hawaii col- lection has one specimen, 1911, and five specimens, 1914, The indication would be that these flies are rare, but I found them exceedingly abundant, after the recent heavy rains, both at the College of Hawaii and along the Palolo stream. Those at the College were found under the insectary, in the water basins, which had not been cleaned out for some time. The water was brown in color, and had considerable leaf-trash in the bottom. These flies, as is characteristic of the fanulv, have a water- proof coat and run about freely u])on the surface. TIahlts of Jar vac: The larvae are able to remain submerged for indefinite periods, while feeding, but as soon as they finish they rise and apply their caudal spiracles to the surface of the water, where they hang motionless. The food is apparently the same as that calcn liy mos(|uito larvae. They were ob- served eating the remains of a sowbug which was decaying Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc. Ill, No. 4, Mav, 19i: 271 in the bottom, and they could constantly be seen browsing upon the microscopic algae that covered the sides of the jar and the submerged leaves. They fed peaceably, side by side, with the mosquitoes, which swarmed in the same water. Pupae: The outer coat of the full-grown larva hardens into the puparium, with slight change in form, except that a pair of prominent horns terminate the cephalic portion. At this stage they become very buoyant and float in masses or lodge at the edges of the vessel. Professor J. M. Aldrich gives an interesting account* of the use of the puparia of closely related flies for food by the Indians of the Western United States. Faiinid ( IJo)naloi)ti/ia) pusio (Wiedemann). f Hah. South America, ranging north through West Indies into Southern United States. Hawaiian records. The collection of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association has seven specimens taken in Honolulu from 1904 to 1907, also two specimens from Hawaii, 1905. There are no specimens in the College of Hawaii collected previous to 1911-. Food liahits of larvae: The specimens in the collections of Honolulu show that the^v have been reared from meat, papaia stem, and dead Japanese beetles by Mr. Terry; and from soured bread, dead cockroaches and chicken manure by the writer. The latter substance was swarming with them. Eggs: The eggs are white, beautifully sculptured, and have a median ridge above and a pair of lateral wings Avhich extend the entire length. They are laid in great numbers upon the surface of the food supply. Larrae: The larvae, when freed from the substance in which they are feeding, are beautiful objects. They are brown in color and bear two prominent rows of fringed appendages, which extend along the sides and around the caudal border. A * Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. XX, 90-92. t The species has been determined by Frederick Knab, of the U. S. National ^[useum, who states that it was described from South Amer- ica, and is evidently widely distributed. 272 pair of sloiider iipix'ndagos, also, jjrojcct from the cephalic border. Pupa: To pupate the mature larvae crawl out of the food substance, seeking a dry place to hibernate. They do not pass through any material change in foi-iii. but simply dry, con- tracting somewhat. The period of development resembles very closely that of the ordinary housefly. The adult flies are very commoidy taken about the flowers of the algarol)a. APPtlL Gth," 19 IC. The one hundred twenty-seventh meeting of the Society was held in the usual place, President Illingworth in the chair. Other members present: Messrs. Bridwell, Bryan, Ehrhorn, Giffard, Kuhns, Muir, Pemberton, Swezey, and Timberlake. Miuutes of ])revious meeting read and apjiroved. iVOTES AND EXHIBITIONS. Diptera determinations. — Mr. Swezey exhibited specimens of six species of flies which had recently been determined for him l)y 1s\y. F. Knab at the V. S. Xatioual ^Fuseum, from specimens sent to him. Sciapus parlii/(/i/na Macq. — A Dolichopodid that is common in the cane fields on Hawaii. Originally described from Aus- tralia. Ophyra nigra Wied. — A very common black Anthomyid. Described from China and widely distributed in the Orient. ScJiolasics himacuhtvs Hendel. — The coconut fly (Para- r/orr/opsls () mentioned in Proc. Haw. Kut. Soc. TTT, p. TO, IDl."). Now and then a s])ecimen is taken ou windows in irouohilu. Described from Fiji. Lijiirltid iiKuint [Jigot. — The ]-»ige()U fly, which is now very abundant on ])igeons in Honolulu. Foi- notes on its occurrence here see i'roe. Haw. Knt. Soc., II, p. ISS, 1912, and IT, p. 20(;, 191:]. Common in the Meditei-ranean region; also widely disti'ibuted through the warmer ])arts of America. Cli n/soin i/iii (hi.v I^scJi. 273 Lucilia sericaia Meig. — The two latter are gi-een bottle flies and were determined by Dr. C. II, T. Townsend. Hlppohoscid. — Professor Bryan mentioned having taken a large species from a man-o'-war bird at Moku Mann or Bird Island, off windward Oahn. DidyophorodelpJiad- )n'n(t/)ilis. — Mr. Timberlake mentioned having collected a single adult of this remarkable Dclphaeid, from Pittospovuni , on the ridge leading np from Alewa Heights to Lanihuli. Mr. Bridwell also secured a specimen from the same tree. This is the first record of the collecting of this insect anywhere except at the original locality on the Kau- muohona ridge near the base of Mt. Konahnanui. A New Anthribid. — Mr. Timberlake exhibited a small Anthribid with long antennae, of which he had collected sev- eral specimens recently in Honolulu. A species not as yet determined or recorded, though Dr. Perkins has stated in the Introduction to The Fauna Hawaiiensis that one or two recent- ly introduced species have been observed in Honolulu. In this connection, Mr. Ehrhorn discussed the collecting of rare insects in large nunil)ers, at times, or special occasions, and related how Mr. Fuchs of California was accustomed to return to localities where he had on former occasions taken rare or interesting insects. Other members related incidents of unex- pectedly taking a large number of specimens of some hitherto rare species. Trypoxylon hicolor. — Mr. Bridwell reported having bred this wasp from cells found in rotten wood of Pisonia. on Tan- talus. Heteropoda rc days, and she would not eat anything in all this time. When the ~u>{) young spiders hatched, no cannibalism was observed among them. On the day that she dropped the empty egg-sac, the female broke her long fast by eating a cockroach. Telespiza idtinia. — Professor Bryan said that he had for a time entertained suspicions of there being a new l)ivd on Xihoa, a small island about 200 miles bevond Kauai, and was much 274 elated Avlien Captain Brown of the U. S. revenue cutter ''Thetis" brought him five specimens which he had secured on his last trip to the island. It is related to the Laysan Island canary, and Professor Bryan has described it as Teles- piza iiUi]H(i. Clerada Apicicornis Sucking Blood. (Hemip.). HV J. F. ILLIXGWOKTII. This i)redaee<:)us bug is couimonly found about buildings; and there has been some question as to its feeding habits. Kirkaldy suspected that it fed on Lepisma and small Blattidf^ and Dr. Perkins saw a specimen feeding on a dead roach. These insects, in all stages, are often very common in the piles of dry wood in the shops of the College. I have never found them numerous in the house, but from time to time we find individuals. Upon two occasions we have taken them in the beds; and, just recently, I caught an adult, full of blood, upon one of the sloe])iug eliildrcu. The ]daee bitten was red and resembled a flea-bite. Habitat: The Fauna Hawaiiensis gives the distribution of this species: Reunion, Celebes, Bengal, Cuba, St. Thomas, Venezuela, etc. ; also, a note that it was taken by beating- dead branches of a species of palm in UKunitaiu forests, on Oahu. Webbing Clothes Moth Predaceous. I'.Y .1. F. ILLINGWOKTir. Recently the l)rushes at tlic College of Tliiwaii were found to be badly eaten by the wchhiug clothes iiiorli (Tineola hlsrl- liella Hummel). The brushes had been juirehased a year pre- viously in the East. The naked, full-growu larv:ie were collected and placed in a test-tube, with bits of tissue ]):i])er, so that they might pupate. Several cocoons with alniost-uiature ])upae were put in with them. Having no other food, the larvae dug into these cocoons, during the night, and ate the liviug pupae, before they spun-up themselves. Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc. Ill, No. 4, May, 1917. 275 MAY 4tii, 1916. The one lumdred twenty-eighth meeting of the Society was held in the nsnal place, President Illingworth in the chair. Other members present: Messrs. Bridwell, Ehrhorn, Kuhns, Mant, Swezey, and Timberlake. Minntes of previous meeting read and approved. ENTOMOLOGICAL PKOGRAM. Eiijicliiuis sp. — ]\Ir. Bridwell exhibited a very large species similar to a S2:)ecies bred by Mr. Swezey previously from Aris- lofcJla s]). in galls on stem of Goiddia. Aegosoiiia re f lev am. — A specimen exhibited by Mr. Brid- well, which he had bred from a large pupa found in dead (ihia wood on the main ridge back of Palolo Valley. This large Prionid has seldom ])Con taken on Oahu, it being more common on Hawaii. Nesocrabro stygius. — A nest of this was]) was found by Mr. Bridwell in fallen wood on the ground. It was provisioned with DiscrihDiyia flies. Dr. Perkins has given the habit of this wasp as nesting in the ground. Xcsuiiihnesa antennata. — Mr. Bridwell recorded the finding of this wasp nesting in cavities in the dead stem of Erigeron. Previously recorded by Dr. Perkins as nesting in the ground. Pmmmocliares hirtiiosiis. — A cocoon of this Pompilid was found by ^\r. Bridwell in rotten wood at about 1,500 feet elevation in the mountains. It has been known as usually nest- ing in the ground. The opinion was expressed that perhaps mmsiially wet conditions of the ground had caused the unusual nesting of these wasps. IJcleramphus swezeyl. — A freshly formed adult of this wee- \\\ was exhibited by Mr. Bridwell. It had emerged from a pupa found in the mine formed by its larva in the frond of Elnplioghsswn on Waialac-I^ui ridge, April 30, 1916. Oiiiiodcs hlad-hiirnl. — Professor Illingworth reported find- ing large numbers of the palm leaf-roller killed by wilt disease. 276 Pteromalus piiparum. — Mr. Elirliorn iiuiiiired whether any- one had taken this insect. i*^one had. Attempts at its intro- duction here had been made hy l)oth him and Mr. Koebele. Attagenus /?? n/5.— Professor Illingworth reported this Dermestid abundant in clothing' in trunks, lie is working on its life history. Smila.v insects. — In dead stem.s of tSmild.r on Waialae-Xui ridge, x\pril 30, Mr. Swezey found the following insects, which were exhibited : Seinnoprepia sp. — Larvae and empty pupae. Oodemas sp. — Adult, larvae and pupae. Anohlid. — Two adults, one freshly emerged. Dromacolus sp. — Larva. Scleroderina sp. — Two females, one larva. Eupelmns sp. — One larva feeding on Oodemas larva, one pupa from which an adult emerged May 11. Notes on a Peregrine Bethylid. BY J. C. BKI DWELL. Additional species of immigrant Eethylidae are constantly appearing in the Hawaiian Islands. The present paper de- scribes and gives a sununary of our knowledge of the distri- bution of a recently discovered species of Epyris, the first au- thentic species of the genus taken here. Ashmead (Fauna Ha- waiiensis I, p. 286, 1901) described an Epyris Immaiiensis, but in revising the genera of the family the Abbe Kieffer has referred the species to his newly established genus Ilolepij- ris (Ann. Soc. Scient. de Bruxelles 29:111, 1905). The first adult of this new species was taken by ^Iv. S\vez(>y on a sugar cane leaf in the Ex])eriment Station grounds of the II. S. P. A. in Honolulu on October 27, 1915, and another (»n the window of his lahoi-atorv there on Xov. 12 Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc. Ill, No. 4, May, 1911 277 as reported in the present volnnie of these proceedings, pp. 222 and 223. Snbsecpiently on Feb. 6, 1916, he took it upon the elevated coral reef east of Diamond Head. Early in April the writer found it abundant aniong- the flowers and on the foliage of l-h( (Araria fanicsifuiH) and algeroba (rrosopis juliflora) along the road on the ocean side of Diamond Head. Mr. Swezey took it near Pearl City on Sept. 11; the writer found it among the grass on the Ewa coral plain below Sisal on K^ov. 28; and Mr. Swezey on Jan. 17, 1917, in the cane- fields above Waipio. I found it in November, 1916, at the base of Koko Head crater under stones with Tenebrionid l)eetles. i\Ir. Fullaway informs me that ]\Ir. Giffard and he have taken it in 1917 at th(> Xuuanu Pali. In its behavior it is much like the smaller species of Tipliia''. 1 have frequently seen it I'unning about on the ground and in one case it entered the ground in an exploratory way thru a crevice. I believe it to be parasitic upon the larvae of some or all of our species of Tenebrionid beetles (Alpliito- hius. Gonocephahnn, and Blapstinus) which are abundant in the areas where the wasp has been taken. So far as I can learn none of the species of Epyvis have been bred but I have taken a smaller Epyvis at Capetown carrying in its jaws a Tenbrionid larva larger than itself, and Mr. H. T. Osborn observed near Pearl City on Sept. 4", 1915, while searching for traces of Tipliia larvae on Anomala grubs, a Tenebrionid larva parasitized by an external Hynienopterous larva resembling that of Tipliia. This perished without transforming, but as we know no other wasp here to which the larva could well be assigned, T am convinced that he had the larva of our Epi/ris before its adult had been discovered. The species corresponds to none of the Xorth /American species of Epyris described by Ashmead under }[rsifiHs nor with the European forms so admirably described by the Abbe Kieffer. Tt is here described as new: * I am convinced that the association of this family with the Scolioid wasps and the Chrysididae is eminently natural and that any resemblance with the Serphoid (Proctotrypoid) forms is purely super- ficial. 278 Epyris cxivanens s]). iiov. o Lenth. about 6mm. Black; mandibles yellowish; antennae largely, tegulae, femora more or less, tibiae and tarsi largely piceus. Head square, sparsely punctate, shining; mandibles half the length of the head, swollen toward the apex, hirsute outwardly, a broad longitudinal margined groove beneath; emarginate within toward the middle, beyond this with one large denticle and three smaller ones, apex acute and bent down and inward, beneath and within the apex another denticle and a series of flat spinules; malar space almost absent; eyes glabrous, a third longer than their distance from the occipital margin of the head; hind ocelli a little less distant from the hind margin of the head than from each other or the anterior ocellus and about four or five times farther from the eye than from each other. Antennae tapering towards the apex and very finely pubescent, scape large, curved, hirsute, not quite as long as the four succeeding joints; joints two and three narrower and somewhat shorter than those succeeding which are sub-equal and a little longer than broad. Pronotum a little longer than wide, broadening posteriorly where it attains the width of the head, with coarse sparse punctures. Meso- notum not half the length of the pronotum, impunctate except for a few small punctures on either side of the expanded portion of the parapsidal furrows, these expanded and slightly converging posteriorly, exterior furrows not percurrent. the three lobes subequal. Scutellum about as long as the mesonotum, subtriangular, impunctate, the basal pits broadly elliptical, arranged obliquely a little outside the ends of the parapsidal furrows, distant from each other about four times their length. Propodeum as long as the mesonotum and scutellum together, square, margined, with five longitudinal carinae, the outer carinae slightly converging behind, distant from the lateral margins, area outside the carinae finely transversely striate; declivous portion slightly concave, margined, finely transversely striate and divided by a shallow longitudinal furrow; sides of propodeum finely longitudinally striate. Wings yellowish with the venation and stigma yellow; stigma oval; median cell broader than the submedian; the basal vein oblique, inserted at the base of the stigma; submedian cell longer than the median; transverse vein as long as the basal, arched, with a very slight trace of a vein arising from before its middle; radius twice as long as the basal, not attaining the apex of the wing by more than its own length. Anterior femora greatly expanded and thickened, broader and longer than the other femora; anterior tibiae not particularly larger than the middles ones; middle tibiae spinose; anterior tarsi longer than their tibiae, the first four segments bearing long stout flattened obtuse spines on the outer margin and similar shorter spines beneath, the metatarsus as long as the next three joints together, these as broad as long. ^ 4 to 5 mm. long. Slenderer than the female. Antennae black, longer than the head and thorax together; scape not longer nor much 21\) thicker than the third segment, which is about two and one-half times as long as wide; second antennal segment about one-half as long as wide, and narrower than the third; third and succeeding joints subequal, gradually tapering to the apex. Sculpture of head and thorax somewhat coarser and less sparse than in the female. Mouth parts and tarsi more yellowish than in the female. IVlandibles obliquely truncate at the apex, with a strong and acute apical tooth, the truncation quadridenticulate, with the inner denticle somewhat produced. Anterior tarsi not appendiculate; middle tibiae not spinose. l)(\scribed from eleven females and eig'lit males taken on Oaliu at Diamond Head April, 1916, and four females from Koko Head Is'ovember, 1916, (J. C. Bridwell). Type, female and male, and paratjpes in the entomological collection of the B. P, Bishop ]\Insenm of Polynesian Ethnol- ogy and N'atnral History, and paratypes in the anthor's col- lection. Closely related to Epyris armafitarsis Kieffer from Tnnis, the excellent description of Avhich (Ann. Mns. Civ. Storia Nat. Genova (3) 1:399, 1904) has been followed in detail here. The principal difference appears to lie in the strnctnre of the mandibles. It is probal)le, however, that there is less differ- ence than appears in the descriptions on aceonnt of the diffi- culty in making- ont the pecidiar structure of these distorted organs. Notes on Dictyophorodelphax mirabilis. BY J. ('. BRIDWELL. Among the Hawaiian insects Dictijoplioyndel pliax niimhilifi Swezey has been of particnlar interest on account of its pecnliar form and limited distribution. Its enormously pro- longed head is a pecnliar development very rare among the Delphacids, and the genus appears to be an endemic develop- ment from the ordinary types of Delphacidae in the Islands. ]\rr. Swezey has already described the nymphal forms as well as the adults. Hntil recently it had appeared to be con- fined to a single ridge of the Ivoolau mountains, but ^Nfr. Tim- berlake has extended its known range to the ridge op]-)osite its Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc. Ill, No. 4, May, 1917. 280 first discovered habitat, across the broad Xuuanii Valley, the most important dividing valley of the range. Hitherto its food-plant has remained nndetermined. It had been originally taken only in small numbers sweeping over the staghorn fern ((rlcicJieiiia) and othei- vegetation along the old native trail on the er(>st of Kanmiiohoiia ridge. ^Mr. Timber- lake and I had each taken a single mah> on Piftosponim on the Lanihuli ridge at about the same ek'vation as its original habitat. On April 2.'>, while collecting with ]\Ir. Tindjerlake along the Castle trail, in returning we separated and I proceeded along the old ridge trail back to the Cooke trail descending into N'nnanu Valley, hoping to secure further material of this species of which even as yet only a few specimens had been taken, and ])('rha])s to solve the problem of its food-plant. After a few sti-okes of the sweep-net over ferns and other low vegetation, four adults were seen in the net. For some time this process was continued, kee])ing in mind the plants swept over, and it soon Ix'came evident that aside from the common ferns aud Mclrosidcros, the only possible food-plant among those s\vej)t wouhl be Eupliorhia clusiaefolia. The first plant examined disclosed one adult, aud repeated examinations others both adults and nymphs. In one case a single leaf bore on its under side about a dozen iudividuals, iuehuliug tAvo or three nymphs. This leaf was placed in a glass tube and carried home. Dui-iug the succeeding wec'k oue of the nymphs com- pleted its Irausforuuitions and the greater ])art of the individ- mds remaiue' of the Society was held in the nsnal place, President llling'worth in the chair. . Other members present: Messrs. Bridwell, Ehrhorn, Fulla- way, Kuhns, Pemberton, Swezey, Timberlake, and W. H. Meinecke, visitor. Minutes of previous meeting read and approved. TS'OTES AND EXHIBITIONS. Neoexalreta spiniger. — Mr. Pemberton exhibited a speci- men of this fly captured in Kona, Hawaii, where they were hovering al)ont heaps of coffee pomace in which it was thought that the larvae were feeding. Other members men- tioned rotten sugar cane, banana stems and other rotting vege- tation as breeding-places of this fly. Insects from the crater of Manna Loa. — Mr. Meinecke ex- hibited insects collected by him, August 1st, in Mokuaweoweo, the crater of Mauna Loa, Hawaii. Some of them were on the rocks and some on snow. This was at an elevation of about 14,000 feet. They must have been carried to the place by air currents, it l)eing a long distance and much higher than any possible breeding-places for any of them. Following is a list as determined by Mr. Swezey : Hymen opt era 1 Psanmiocliares lucinosus (Cr.) 0 Bassus laetatorius (Fab.) 3 Litnneriinn hlacl-hnrni Cam. Diptera 4 Xaiit]iO(/i-inn iiKi (/rtdidiconie ^Macc]. 1 Sairopluif/a pallincrrls Thoms. 2 Frontina, arclii ppirora Will. 4 of an imdetermined species. Lepidoptera 1 Pontia rapae (Linn.) 1 Scotorythra rara Butl. 2 Eccoptocera foeterivoraiis (Butl.) Ilemiptera 7 Nysius delectus White. ") Xi/siiis coenosidtts White. M j/i-iiicico irllsoiii McL. — Mr. Mciiicckc cxhihitod several specimens of this ant-lion captured by him at a sandy place on the road at Pohaknloa, Hawaii, which was abont five miles from the llumuula sheep station towards Waimea. He re- ported seeing them also on the road towards Waikee. Mr. Ehrhorn mentioned having seen them at Pnnwaawaa, Hawaii, several years ago. Mr. Bridwell reported having seen in West Africa a swarm of ant-lions moving along. He also reported liaving found in Africa a Leptid fly of the genus Vermileo making pits similar to those of ant-lions. Thuvalian Ophionidae. — Mr. Fullaway exhibited specimens of ]\[r. Giffard's collection of Ophionidae, illustrating the dif- ferent genera: Enicospilus, Pleuroneurophion, Afhijrcodoii. Eirnnofi/Joidrs-. Baiirhnr/asfra. and Pycnopliion. Eiiirospihi^s dispiliis. — ^Ir. Bridwell mentioned haviug se- cured 17 specimens of this species on Lanihuli, Sept. 3rd. They were swarming together. E(/;/-p(tra,sHrs of lli<> com Icdfhopjx'r. — Mr. Fullaway re- ])orted having bred from coi'u leafhopper eggs, the parasites of the sugar cane leafhopper, Paranarp-vs optahilU, Ootetras- tichns heat us, and a dark Anagrus besides. From cages of corn leafhopper parasite material brought by Mr. Osborn from the Philippines, he had bred a species of Paranarp-us^ a dark ]\ry- uiarid and a dark species of Ootetrnstichus. Chri/ddid. — IMr. Pi-idwell stated that he had found a co- coon of this insect in a SrrVipliron nest under circumstances tliat demonstrated it to be a pai-asite of that wasp. 28'i Notes on Life History of Attagenus Plebius Sharp. BV J. F. ILLINGWORTII. The very destructive habits of this Hawaiian household beetle first came to my attention several months ago, when I opened up two trunks, which had been stored for some time. Everything of animal origin was riddled. Since I am unable to find any notes on the habits or life history of this species, I have made a rather careful study of them. DISTEIBUTIOIV. So far as I can learn, these beetles have not been found outside of the Hawaiian Islands. Sharp* named the species from specimens secured here, and remarks that they are found in houses in Honolulu. They are probably found on all of our islands, for we have specimens from Maui, and Mr. D. B. Kuhns tells me that they are a pest on the Island of Hawaii. LIFE HISTORY. After securing newly emerged beetles they were confined in a covered glass dish for thirty-six days before the first eggs and newly-hatched larvae were discovered upon the woolen cloth which had been supplied them together with dried insects for food. It was found that the larval period consists of seven instars, and varies slightly, probably due to the kind of food, etc. The pupal stage lasts from twelve to fourteen days. The periods of tw^o of the individuals are given as typical of those under observation : Larva Hatched 2nd Insfar 3rd Instar 4th Instar 5th 6th Instar Instar 7th Instar Pupal Instar Adult Emerged July 20 Sept. 11 Total 156 Dys. 150 Dys. Feb. 15. 1916 April 14, 1916 Feb. 26 Apr. 24 Mar. 16 Mar. 30 May 12 May 24 May 4 May 19 June 8 > June 20 June 5 July 15 Julys Aug. 30 It is interesting to note the rapidity with wliich these in- sects develop under our tropical climat(\ Chittenden found that two years w^ere required for the deve]o]mieut of +he closely- * Trans. Royal Dublin Soc. Vol. III. Ser. II. i; Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc. Ill, No. 4, May, 1917. p. 147. 288 related, Llack, earpet lu'etle (Atfaf/iiiis pirciis), in the United States. CONTROL MEASURES. Carbon bisuli)hide was used successfnllv in destroying the insects in the trunks, but the treatment had to be repeated after about two weeks, Avhen some young hirvae were again discovered. Possibly the eggs are not destroyed by the treat- ment, and this may account for the second appearance of the pest, unless the young larvae crawled in from the outside. OCTOBER r)TH, 1916. The one hundred thirty-third meeting of the Society was held in the usual place. President Illingworth in the chair. Other members present : Messrs. Bridwell, Ehrhorn, Fulla- way, Giffard, Kuhns, Pemberton, Swezey and Timberlake. ^Finutes of previous meeting read and approved. NOTES AND EXHIBITIONS. Diaclius auratus. — -Mr. Fullaway exhibited a s]KX'imen of this American Chrysomelid beetle from the Board of Agricul- ture collection, collected by Mr. J. Kotinsky, at Waianae in 1909. The earliest previous record of its occurrence was 1913,* collected by Mr. Swezey in Honoluhi and also in Hono- lulu Plantation above Pearl City, at which time specimens, were sent to Dr. Van Dyke for determination. Lifliin-f/iis nJhofhnh fiat IIS. — ^Ir. Bridwell reported his first capture of this bee in Se])tc'nd)er on morning glory blossoms at Black Point, east of Diamond Head. Mez'inm sp. — Mr. Bridwell reported finding this peculiar Ptinid beetle numerous in sparrow nests in a cave-like excava- tion at the side of the Diamond Head road. There were also some of them in crevices of the rocks. Hen fleas were also found in the sparrow nests. C/i ri/sl(Ii(]. — Mr. l^i'idwell rejiorted finding cocoons and adidts of this insect in Sccli /ih ron nests in a I'ond culvert at Diamond Head. Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc, III, p. 11, 1914. and III, p. 62, 1915. 289 Epyris sp. — Reported by Mr. Bridwell as being very abund- ant in the locality where previously observed in waste land at the east of Diamond Head. One was observed to sweep down to the ground and bui'row in. Crabro distinrtus. — ]\[r. Bridwell reported the present ab- sence of this wasp where he had found it abundant in April on (^rotons near Diamond Head. Throscus sp. — ^Ir. Bridwell exhibited a specimen of this small beetle of the family Throscidae, near to the Elateridae, recently caught by him at light. Xo representative of this family had yet been recorded here. Argent'uic (uit. — ^Mr. Ehrhorn reported that in his inspec- tion work recently he had found a colony of this ant in a case of plants from Alameda County, California. It was the first finding of this pest, and they were of course promptly de- stroyed. INf]-. Giffard stated that he noticed the houses overrun with this pest at Birmingham this suunner. Methoca sp. — Mr. Swezey exhibited a specimen of the fam- ily Thynnidae which Mr. Bridwell had recognized as a Me- thocn. It had recently issued from a cocoon amongst others found in the ground by Mr. Osborn at Los Banos, P. I. Mr. Bridwell gave a resume of the known habits oi this genus of Thynnidae. They are most abundant in South Africa. Xone have previously been reported in the Philippines. MutiUid. — Mr. Swezey exhibited a female Mutillid that was found in a cage in which adult Scolia were sent from the Phil- ippines. Xo doubt it had issued from a cocoon accidentally occurring in the soil of the cage. lih I pi pi I or id hrrtle. — A specimen of a species of Kliipi- phoridae was exhibited by Mr. Swezey. In examining some apparently dead Scolia cocoons from the Philippines, ^Mr. Tim- berlake had found this beetle alive in one of them. The Scolia cocoon was of a batch that had been reared in the insectary at Los Banos, and it is somewhat of a mystery how the Scolia became parasitized by this insect. Possibly it was by a triun- gulin larva being present in the soil used in the breeding cage. ]\rr. Timberlake suowested that the triuuunlin miiiht have been 290 present on the adult ^colla used in the cage, she having been caught in the fiekL Scolia and TipJiia eggs. — Mr. Swezey exhibited photo- graphs recently made by Mr. Potter, showing the eggs of Scolia manilae and two species of Philippine Tipliia on their respective host grubs. The egg of ScoHa^ inanilae stands up vertically on the ventral surface behind the legs on Anomala grub; that of Tiplila comprcssd lies on the side behind the hind leg on Adorcfiis grul); that of the other Tipliia lies on the side of next to the last segment of the abdoment just below the lateral fold on Anomala grub. Pineapple weevil/'^ — Mr. Swezey exhibited photos of the work of a large weevil in pineapples, that he had recently received from Mr. A. 11. Eitchie, the government entomologist in Jamaica, where in the infested district 7;")% of the pine- apples were said to be injured by it. XOVEMBER 2.M), lOlG. The one hundred thirty-fourth meeting of the Society was held in the nsnal place, President Illingworth in the chair. Other members present : Messrs. Bridwell, Ehrhorn, Fulla- way, Giffard, Kuhns, Osborn, Pemberton, Potter, Swezey, and Timberlake. Minutes of previous meeting read and approved. Mr. Swezey was apjiointed a committee to interview the Director of the Bishop Museum regarding co-o])(n-ation in the printing of The Proceedings. ^\v. Giffard was appointed a conunittee to confer with the trustees of the Hawaiian Sugar ]*lanters' Association relative to financial assistance, the publication of the last number of The Proceedings having left the Ti-easury with a large deficit. ^Messrs. Bridwell and Swezey were appointed a committee to draft resolutions embodying the sense of the Society regard- ing the disposal of "types" of Hawaiian insects. * M eta 1)1(1 Hill s ritrhici ^Marshall. Bulletin of Entomological Researcli, VII, p. 197, 1916. Ritchie, Journal of the Jamaica Agricultural Society, XX, pp. 316-318, 1916. 291 exto:mological progkam. Mr. Bridwell exhibited a dividing instrument and a small metal scale which he had fonnd very useful in making meas- urements of insects. lolania perkinsi. — Mr. Giffard exhibited a collection of 35 specimens of this Cixiid taken at light at his place at 4,000 feet elevation, Kilauea, Hawaii, during two weeks. Other insects were also taken. Psocids were abundant on one night. Tliroscas sp. — Messrs. Giffard and Timberlake reported taking this l)eetle at the Pali. Mr. Swezej reported having taken it at liffht. Description of a New Species of Spalangia. BY T). T. FlLr^AWAV. In connection with the work on the control of the horn fly (Lypewsia irritans), the writer introduced from the Philip- pines in 1914 a Spalangia hred from house fly and other muscid pu])aria. This species, which was multiplied and dis- tributed throughout the islands, ]n-oves to be new to science, and is described herewith. Sjxildtujid pJi'iii ppnicnsiK u. s]). 9 Length 3mm. Black, the polished surfaces brilliant, tarsi brown with black tips. Head vertical, fairly long and thin, about twice as long as the eyes, which are oval, flatly convex and hairy: surface smooth and shining but marked with broad shallow punctures and almost as hairy as the eyes. Face between the eyes broad, narrowing but little toward the mouth; clypeal margin truncate; cheeks flat and as long as the eyes; ocelli fairly large and arranged in an obtuse triangle, the lateral members a little further apart than from the eye margin, to anterior member about the same as to eye; a broad deep triangu- lar groove on the lower part of the face smoothly surfaced, the clypeal margin forming the base and the apex on a level with the lower margin of the eye; a shallow punctate furrow from the apex to the occipital margin passing through the anterior ocellus. Anten- nae attached at the clypeus, at the basal angles of the groove; fairly long, consisting of 10 segments; scape slender but somewhat clavate, not reaching anterior ocellus, pedicel obconic about 4 in the scape, 1st funicle joint about equal to the pedicel, the next two joints about as broad as long, the four following ones a trifle wider than long, club undivided, not quite as long as the three preceding joints, blunt- ly pointed and bearing short silvery hairs. Prothorax fairly wide but narrower than the head and mesothorax and rather long, narrowing into a fairly slender neck where the presternum advances in front of it, the two separated by a costate line; the pronotum rugose and hairy, the neck less so. Mesothorax wider still than the head, wider than long, the mesonotal surface polished in front and behind more or less rugose and hairy with three large shallow pits near the posterior margin, the lateral ones on a line with the parapsidal furrows, which diverge anteriorly, becoming very deep and broad; axillae smooth and shining like the scutellum and separated from this by costate lines, the scutellum having a trans- verse costate line in front of the hind margin and the suture between it and the postscutellum costate. Propodeum nearly flat, median anterior portion somewhat elevated; a longitudinal carina divides Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc. Ill, No. 4, May, 1017. 29^^ Figure 1, SpaUuKjia phlUpphieuMs, female; Fig. 2, female aiiteuiia; Fig. 8, male antenna. Fig. 4, Spalangia cameroni, female antenna; Fig, 5, male antenna. it, in front passing between two rather large shallow pits and behind flanked on either side by a punctate line or furrow; laterally the pleura are separated by broad shallow grooves; the flat surfaces are partly smooth and shining, but the margins, especially posteriorly, are shallowly rugose; hind angles of the pleura rather sharp. Abdominal pedicel about twice as long as wide, attached beneath; on the upper surface are half a dozen raised longitudinal lines, be- tween which the surface is finely punctate. Abdomen broadly oval and convex, smooth and polished; 4th seg- ment the longest, twice as long as the 3rd or 2nd and more than 294 twice the 5th; following segments still narrower; the 5th, 6th and 7th bearing long silvery hairs on posterior margin which extend ante- riorly on the sides even to the first; anterior margin of this segment very deeply indented above the pedicel. Wings long and narrow; width less than one-third length; the submarginal vein joins the marginal at about the middle; marginal long, more than half the submarginal; stigmal and postmarginal very short, the former with an uncus; disc ciliate outwardly from the junc- ture of submarginal with marginal but basally bare; veins brown. (5 Head shorter, almost triangular in outline. The pedicel of antennae is shorter than in the female, the 1st funicle joint long, about twice the length of the pedicel, and the other funicle joints all longer than wide, and pedicilate. There is not the large polished area anteriorly on the mesothorax, only a narrow band so polished, although the extent of this area seems to vary. The metathorax is more rugose; the pedicel apparently longer, the 3rd segment narrower in comparison with 2nd as also the 5th and 6th in comparison with 4th. Differs from (■(iiiirmiii in having the antennae stouter, the 1st funicle joint more or less obconic, and shorter club. DECEMBER 14tii, 191(3. The one lunidred .thirty-fifth reiiuhn- and twelfth annual meeting- of the Society was held in the nsual place, President Illingworth in the chair. Other members present: Messrs. Bridwell, Bryan, Ehrhorn, Fullaway, Giffard, Mant, Mnir, Osborn, Pemherton, Potter, Swezey, and Timberlake. Minutes of previous meetinc; i-oad and approved. ^Ir. Giffard reported tliat the Trustees of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association had contributed $250.00 to the financial assistance of the Society. The committee on ''types" reported progress. It was aug- mented by th(! a])])oiutmeut (if ]\Iessi-s. Fullaway, Illingworth, and Timberlake. Peport (if the Secretary-Treasurer read and acce])te(l. KT-KCTIO.X OF OFFK'KKS FOR 1017. Prrs;<(rnl W. R. R. Potter y ire- 1 'resident C E. Peaiberton Seereiarij-Trcasurcr II. T. Osborn 295 EXTO^rOLOCilCAL PROGKAiSr. Com Jcafhopper parasites. — ^Ir. Fullaway reported having reared a Dryinid from the corn leafliopper. He had previonsly reported having reared all of the sngar cane leafhopper egg- parasites from corn leafhoper eggs, so now he has reared all of the sngar cane leafhopper parasites from the cornhopper. They do not l)reed nearly so extensively in the latter as they do in the former, however. Manna Loa i)isccts. — Professor Bryan exhibited a few in- sects collected from ice-water pools at the snnimit of Manna Loa in Angnst. These were determined by ^Ir. Swezey as fol- lows : Hymenoptera '^ Psammochares luctuosus (Cr.) 1 Limnerium hlachhuri Cam. 1 Pteromalid. Odonata L Anax Junius Drnry. Coleoptera 1 Scymnus notescens Diptera 1 Sairophaga pallinerris Thoms. 1 Frontina archippivora Will. 2 Lyperosia irritans L. 3 Borborus sp. 6 Small Di])tera, o species. Hemiptera. 8 Nysius delectus White. 2 Nysius sp. 3 Wingless bug (nymph) ? 1 Mirid. Arachnida 1 Small spider. 290 Exhibition of 'Types' of Some Recent Hawaiian Lepidoptera. BY OTTO II. SWEZEY. The ''types" exhibited arc of 41 species of moths described bv the writer in recent years. At the times of description no mention was made of the location of the "types". They are now segregated for the purpose of depositing them in the Bishop Museum. None of these species have been hitherto represent- ed in the Afusenm collections. Herewith is a list of the species together with references to their descriptions. Those marked with an asterisk (*) have "■paratypes" in the author's collection ; those marked with a double asterisk (**) have "paratypes" in the cabinets at the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association Experiment Station: Nesaiiiljjfis iieu'eUl Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological vSoeiety, II, 5, Pg. 270, 1913. Neydiniplis 1(11/ sail en^srls Op. cit.. Ill, 1, Pg. IS, 1<»14. Phma giffnrdi''* O]). cit., II, 5, Pg. 270, 1918. Hydiiomcna f/iffardi 0]i. cit., II, 5, Pg. 271, 1913. Hydriomciui roscafcr^ Op. cit., II, 5, Pg. 271, 1913. Geiwphaniis Icahr Op. cit., 11, 3, Pg. 103, 1910. Cnjptohlahrs aJiciia"" Bull. Ent. Exjx-riment Sta., H. S. P. A., 6, Pg. 24, 1909. OiiiiikIcs nici/ricL-i" Op. cit., 5, Pg. 24, 1907. 0 in lodes iii iislrola" Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc. II, 2, Fir. 40, 1909. Oiniodrs nitt'ur O]). cit., II, 2, Pg. 74, 1909. Oniiixics fiiHistn'idoldcs'- O]). cit., II, T), l*g. 272, 1!)13. Oiiiiodcs fiilhnrdj/i O]). cit., II, ."i, Pir. 272, 1913. Out lodes hii/s,nteiisls Op. cit.. Ill, 1, Pg. 19, 1914. Pi/riiiisid ilienitdidoldls"'' Op. cit., II. T), Pg. 273, 1913. Seo/xiria If/eopodlae'' O]). cit., II, 3, Pg, 104, 1910. Scopdrld dcehtrloldes'^'^ Oj). cit., II, 5, Po-. 273, 1913. Arlslolelld (/l(/didea Op. cit., II, ."), Vq:. 274, 1913. TJii/roropd suplddlelhr Op. cit., II, ,"), Po-. 274, 1913. Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc. Ill, No. 4, May, 1917. 297 Arclups fiiscocinereus Op. cit., 11, 5, Pg. 275, 1913. Archips siibUchenoides"'^ Op. cit., II, 5, Pg. 276, 1913. Tortrlx seinlclncniiKi Op. cit., II, 5, Pg. 270, 1913. Epagoge urerantr Oj). cit., Ill, 2, Pg. 93, 1915. Capua cassia* Op. cit., II, 4, Pg. 183, 1912. Capua santalata* Op. cit, II, 5, Pg. 276, 1913. Euhyposmocomd rk«h- the last twelve months considerable additions liave l)een mad(> to our Delphacid ccdlections, several new species liave been (•ai)tiircd and our knowledg-e of the food-plants of many species has been corrected or extended. This has been chiefly due to the energy of Messrs. P. H. Timberlake, O. H. Swezey and W. M. Giffard. Mr. Giffard has also procured a small but interesting* collection from the Island of Lanai. This collection was made by Mr. G. C. Munro with the assist- ance of H. Gibson and it brings the number of species known from that island up to fifteen, and places it third on the list. This indicates that the nund)er (»f s])ecies still unknown from the three larger islands of Kauai, Molokai and Maui is very great. The new s])ecies show the same degree of phallic differen- tiation as do s])ecies previously described, in som- cases they are closely related to known forms but in others they ai)pear to be quite isolated. The Hawaiian species of Kelisia have been considered as foreign : the four species belong to three distinct t_\p(s which, without intermediate forms, cannot be conceived iis having any relationship. Two species, A', sporoholirola and A', sirczci/i. ai'c closely related, and it is probalde that (me is of local origin. f. Fdsewhere^! I have ])ut forward the sugges- tion that this ])hallic differentiation represents a diffei-entiation of the germ-plasm and, although I have given the subject con- siderable thought, T can offer no better reason. I believe that one of the first steps in species formation among Hawaiian Delphacidae is a change of food-])lant. In many cases this will lead to isolation and may eventually lead to differentiation of the germ-plasm. Mr. W. M. Giffard brought to my notice the fact that certain species feeding u])on more than one food- * The captures, etc., have been brought up to date (February, 1917). t Since this was written, K. paluditni Kirk, has been found to have a wide range in the Pacific. t Pro. Haw. Ent. Soc. Ill, 1916, p. 210. Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc. Ill, No. 4, May, 1917. 299 plant have two or more forms. At Kilaiiea, Hawaii, Nesosydne ipomocicola is very common on Lythruni maritininm H. B. K. and Sadleria sp. ; specimens from the former phmt are on the average mnch darker than specimens from the latter. In the same locality N'. hlackhurni from Clcvmontia parviflura and Stenogyne has a distinct green tint when alive which is al)sent from specimens off of PiptKni,'^. Dnring a recent trip to Kilanea, Hawaii, along with Mv. W. M. Giffard, we hatched ont several hundred nymphs of Nesosydne koae Kirk, without getting a single egg ])arasite. We also found evidence that indicated that N. l-oae only ovi- posits in the yonng shoots bearing leaves and X. nihescens only in the edges of the leaves and phyllodia. ^Ir. Swezey took the eggs of N. koae-pJiyUodii in the edges of phyllodia. The ovi- positor of N. I'oae and N. nihesceiis are quite distinct, the for- mer being smaller, very slightly cnrvcd, with about 25-30 fine teeth along the dorso-apical half, the latter is larger, stonter, slightly curved and recurved, with about the same number of larger, square teeth along the dorso-apical half. The ovi])ositor of N. ruhcseens var. pulla is similar to that of the species. The types of the new species described in this paper, as well as those described in a previons paper,* have been depos- ited in the collection of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Asso- ciation in Honolulu, T. H. Genus Leialoiia Kirk. L. lehuae Janaiensis snbsp. nov. PI. V, fig. 1. ^ Dark brown, antennae, legs and base of abdomen lighter. Tegmina dark fuscous, more intensely so down the middle; apical two-thirds of costal cell (except a dark spot about one-fourth from apex), subcostal cell and a mark in first two apical cells nearly color- less; the clavus, a spot at fork of cubital veins and over the fifth and sixth apical cells lightly fuscous; veins concolorous with mem- brane, beset with very minute dark granules; wings light fuscous, veins darker. The genitalia are near to those of the subspecies kdiidicnsix, the crook at apex of aedeagus large, with its apex curved outward. Length 2..") mm.; tegmen 3.6 mm. Hal). Lanai, Kaiholena (G. (\ ^Munro, Xovember, 101(3.) This sub-species is closely related to L. lehuae 1,'aiialensis. * Pro. Haw. Ent. Soc. Ill, pp. 168-221, 1916. 300 L. Ic'huae oa/iucnsis JMuir. A long series from various localities from Lanai (jMunro, December, 191 G). These show the same amount of variation as specimens from Oahii, including the imniacnlat(> red female which possibly may be a female form of L. leliuae lanaiensis. There is also a form in which the marking in the middle of the tegmen is much more extensive and considerably tinged with reddish brown. Some of these specimens may belong to L. ohiae Kirk, as I believe that the division between L. oliiac and L. lehuac is arbitrary. L. Ichiute liairaiicnsls jMnir. Many specimens off Metro.slderos coUina poJipnorphd. also some nymphs bred to maturity on Siraiis-sia sp. Kilauea, Ha- waii (Giffard and ]\[uir, January, 1917). Genus J^esodryas Kirk. N. aid'uJcsuuie s]). nov. PI. V, Fig. 2, 2a. $ Slender, as in the typical subgenus. Head and legs wlaite or pale yellow; face and genae between eyes, first segment of antennae and a longitudinal line on second segment black or dark brown, a spot on front coxae and a band at the apex of femora and base of tibiae of middle and hind legs black or dark brown; thorax and abdomen yellow, pronotum lighter than mesonotum, dorsum of abdo- men and the pygophor fuscous. Tegmina hyaline, yellowish or light brown at base of clavus and from base of costal cell across to hind margin near apex of clavus, where the otherwise white dorsum is dark brown, veins light except the apical halves of median and cubital veins which are broadly fuscous; margins of apical half of tegmina also fuscous: wings hyaline with light veins. Pygophor similar in shape to .V. eJciicdrixtc; anal segment with a pair of stout spines slightly curved and compressed laterally; geni- tal styles similar to A'. cKi/ciiidc; aedeagus straight, cylindrical, slightly larger at base than at apex, apex with a large curved crook on right side and a smaller one on left, a nearly straight spine on ventral side a little before the apex. Length 2.2 mm.; tegmen 3 mm. 9 Similar to male; ovipositor dark brown and the pygophor on each side fuscous. llab. Xuuauu Pali, Oahu ((Jiffard and Fullaway, No- vember, HIK')), six speciuu'ns off A iifldcsnut plalypJiylhim. 301 This species comes next to iV. cuf/eiiiac hut is (juite distinct, especially in coloration. N. eugeniae Kirk. PI. V, fig. 5, Ha. Four specimens from Kaiholena and Kapano, Lanai (Mun- ro, Decemher). In coloration these conform to iV. eugeniae of Oahu but the genitalia approaches to those of N. giffardi; certain specimens of the latter species from Waiahole, Oahu, have the genitalia approaching to N. eugeniae and they both approach to N. eleaocarpi. The three species are nearly re- lated and best separated on color. J\^. {Nesothoe) dry ope (Kirk.) A series of males and females off Aniidesnia plaf/jphijlluin beside the government road Kau, Hawaii, near the Kona boundary. (CJiffard and Muir, January, 1917). N. (XesotJiuc ) gtdich-i Muir. A series of males and females, but no young, off of Metro- ■sideros polymorpha Gaud, on the edge of the lava flow neai- Waiamau, Hawaii, and one nymph bred to maturity off of OsDKinfhiix sa)uhrire)isis. (Giffard and Muir, January, 1917.) A. iXesoilioe) tcrnji (Kirk.). PI. V, fig. :). Two females, one male and a nymph which I consider to be this species, from Waialae Xui, Oahu, ( Swezey, April, 191(),) off Oi^nianfhus ^nndirlcetms (Gray). The tyjie local- ity is Waialua, Oahu. Anal segment with short flattened spines with wide base ; genital styles with basal half straight and apical half curved; aedeagus long, thin, tubular, apex pointed, a curved spine from right side, about one-third from apex. This species comes next to A. holjcar (Kii'k.). A. (Xesofhoc) pi Hail I (Kirk.). PI. V, fig. 4. ^ Vertex, face and genae between eyes and clypeus brown, vertex and genae speckled with light brown, face and genae below eyes sordid creamy white with dirty spots; antennae light brown; pronotum light mottled brown, darker brown on lateral areas and on pleura; mesonotum dark brown between carinae, light brown on sides; legs yellowish or light brown, fuscous at apex of femora and base of tibiae; abdominal tergites and phygophor brown, sternites dirty white. Tegmina slightly opaque, milky, veins light with dis- tinct dark brown granules somewhat irregular on apical portion, a fuscous band from costal margin near base to junction of claval veins and then to beyond middle of claval margin where there is a darker mark, the basal border of the band fairly well defined but the apical border fading out irregularly; a dark mark at contact between radius and media, and from median cross-vein to apex, more or less indefinite; wings whitish with light veins. The opaque, milky appearance of tegmina and wings due to a waxy secretion and can be removed with chloroform. Length 3 mm.; tegmen 3.4 mm. $ Lighter in color than the male. The band across tegmen is sometimes nearly obsolete, even in males, and the mesonotum be- tween the carinae hardly darker than the sides. Hal). Kaiholeiia, Lanai (G. C. .Ariuin., Deci'mbor, 191()), off OsHKdifJni.s .saiidiricensis (Gray). This s])('oies was ()ri<>inally described from one female in had eoiidition from Moh)kai. The present specimens ap])ear to me to he more distinctly marked and may prove to he dis- tinct, hilt until male specimens from Molokai can he procnred and the genitalia examined I consider it better to place them under the same name. This sjiecies comes near to N. ferrj/i and .V. hohcac. N. {N ('.sot hoc) iiKiciildlii .Mnii'. One femah' specimen from Kaihoh'ii;!, Lanai (Miinro. De- cember, 1!>1()). Hitherto only known from Hawaii. Common on lama (Maha sandwicensis D. (\) ah)n,ii,' the g-overnment road between Kahnku I'anch and Kona boundary. Xymphs also bred to maturity on leaves of Osiiiaiilluis .miiflirlcensis. {(Jiffard and Mu'n; January, 1917.) ■ X. (Xcsolhoc) flr/iis ( Kirk.). A scries of both sexes from Kaiholena, Lanai, off of /S'///- lojiio (Munro, i)eceud)er, lOK!). Hitherto only known from Maui. In coloi-ation dark(M- and more fuscous than from the type locality. The acdeagus is more acute at apex and the spine at side has a few minnte teeth. 308 N. (N'csnflKX') viKuroi sj). ikiv. PI. V, fii:,-. (i. ^ Pace banded black and creamy white; the face and genae between eyes, a band across face and genae one-fourth from apex and a fine line at extreme apex black or dark, shiny brown, the intervening areas creamy white; clypeus fuscous; vertex, pronotum and mesonotum mottled brown, darkest laterad of carinae; antennae black; legs light brown with darker longitudinal markings; abdomen fuscous, lighter on base and on pleura. Tegmina slightly opaque and milky, a sinuous black or dark brown longitudinal mark from base to apex, covering base of clavus, curving to near middle of costa and then toward apex of clavus, irregularly fuscous over base of radius, media and cubitus; veins in base of clavus light with light granules, otherwise veins dark with dark granules irregularly scattered; wings hyaline, slightly fuscous, with brown veins. Anal spines short, flat, broad at base; aedeagus figured. Length 2.5 mm.; tegmen 3 mm. 5 Similar to male in coloration; ovipositor dark. Length 3.7 mm.; tegmen 3.9 mm. Hab. Laiiai 2,000 feet (]\lnni-o, December, 1910) on Dodonaea risro.sa L. (aalii). The nymphs are characterized by the bhick and white banded face. The aedeagns is a modi- fication of that of N. drynpe. Genus Aloha Kirkaldy. A. cauipylothecae Muir. .1. hudcnsis IMnir. Pro. Haw. Ent. Soc. 1916, p. 183. A long series taken by Mr. Timberlake (Jnly, 1916,) shows that there is no good distinction between these two species and so the latter must be sunk. A. myoporicola Kirk. Taken on Pelea volcanica, Kilauea, Hawaii, adults and nyu)])hs. (Giffard and ]\ruir, January, 1916.) ^1. s-irezcyi Muir. One male and several females, one of the latter being ma- cropterous, taken on ]\iount Tantalus off C'ampylothera maov- carpa (Timberlake, February, 1917). They are of a more uni- form brown than the type. One male specimen from Tvuliduou. Oahu, off Lytlinim (Swozey, June, 191 C). :]04 GonUS XoTHOKF.STIAS llOV. This genns differs from Xrsorrslias Kirk. l>_v having a sin- gle median frontal carina, oitlici- simple or furcate. It stands in the same relation to Ncsoirslia.'i Kirk, as Nesodryas Kirk, and Nesosydne Kirk, do to Leialoha Kirk, and Aloha Kirk. X. had id sp. nov. PI. V, fig. 0. ^ Antennae reaching to middle of clypeus, first segment more than half the length of second: frontal carina furcate from middle, the two carinae on basal half being near together. Tegmina not reaching to middle of abdomen, reticulate and coriaceous. Body and tegmina dark brown, darkest over frons and first and second coxae. Anal segment without spines: genital styles similar to Molin ipouiocae Kirk, but with the "toe" and "heel" more rounded; aedeagus near to that of Xe.si, rest ins filiricohi Kirk., but with the dorso-basal knob reduced to a blunt point, the cock's comb reduced to minute teeth, the spine on right side near apex large, with its apex bent at right angle, the spine on left side stout. Length 2..^ mm.; tegmen 1 mm. Hal). Kulionou, Oalin. ( Timlu'rlako. -Time, 1910.) One s])('('imen swept from ferns. A female specimen (Swezej, September, 1908,) from Ma- luku, Mani, has a simple median frontal carina and forms a second s])ecies in this genns. Genus Xksosvdxe Kirk. :V^. prlr Kirk. Xymplis on Sfraiissia s]). hred to maturity. N. fiiiiherlal-e! sp. nov. PI. ^^ fig. 14. $ Brachypterous, tegmina not reaching to base of pygophor; antennae reaching beyond middle of clypeus, second segment slightly longer than first; frontal carina furcating about one-third from base. Light brown, darker on head and thorax between carinae and over lateral and posterior portions of abdominal tergites. Tegmina hya- line, light brown, a dark mark at end of costal cell and another at end of cubitus, veins slightly darker with small granules bearing hairs. Anal segment without spines; gential styles curved, slightly flattened, broad at base and narrowing to rounded apex; aedeagus curved dorsad, apex rounded, a row of teeth over apex and along dorso-apical half, four teeth on right side, from the medio-ventral fourth there arises a thin, curved plate with serrated edge. 305 Length 3.4 mm.; tegmen 2.3mm. Hal). Oahn, Waialiolo. (Tiinberlake, Augii.st, 1916), one male off Cyvtandva garnotiana. This species is very distinct bnt appears to be a development of i\^. ryrtandrae Mnir. N. (iintncrac s]). nov. PI. \", fiji;. 15. ^ Brachypterous, tegmina reaching nearly to apex of abdomen: antennae reaching to about middle of clypeus, first segment more than half the length of second; furcation of frontal carina indefinite, about the middle of face. Light brown or yellowish brown, darker between carinae of head and thorax; front legs with dark tarsi; abdomen dark except the base, an indefinite mark down middle of dorsum and the lateral edges of abdomen lighter. Tegmina hyaline, light brown, veins with minute granules bearing small black hairs, veins dark over the middle third, a small dark mark at apex of costal cell and another at the apex of cubitus, the membrane over middle third slightly infuscate. There is considerable variation in coloration, some specimens having the dark areas on tegmina and body more intense and more extensive. Width of pygophor about equal to depth, ventro-lateral edges pro- duced into rounded process, medio-ventral edge with a minute spine; anal segment short, without spines, medio-apical edge labiate; styles small, narrowing to apex, slightly curved and converging at apex; aedeagus short, slightly flattened laterally, base deep with the stem very strongly curved, apex rounded, orifice on dorsal side near apex, some minute teeth along dorsal surface. Length 3 mm.; tegmen 2.3 mm. 9 Similar to male but generally lighter in color. Length 3 mm.; tegmen 2.3 mm. Ilab. Oahn, Monnt Kaala, abont 4,000 feet elevation. (Timberlake, Jnly, 191(V). A long series of both sexes and one nymph off Giinnem pcfaloidea Gaud., mostly along the midrib on the nnder side of old leaves. A male and female on PeJea sp., (me female on Copros))ia loiu/ifnlia (Jray, and one female on Siiffonia. This species comes next to X. pcrl-iiisi Mnir from Maui. A'. )ieso(juiinera(' sp. nov. PI. V, figs. 1(3, lOa. ^ Brachypterous; antennae reaching to middle of clypeus or be- yond, second joint double as long as the first; medio-frontal carina furcating about middle; vertex longer than broad; first joint of hind tarsus slightly longer than other two together; spur with sixteen teeth on hind edge. Blackish brown, carinae of head slightly lighter; pleura, legs, base and a medio-dorsal line of abdomen lighter. Tegmina hyaline, ochra- 306 ceous-tawny, blackish at end of clavus especially so on margin and vein, veins thick, concolorous with membrane, no distinct granules but sparsely beset with black hairs. Pygophor about as wide as deep; anal spines large, cultrate, slightly diverging; genital styles small, broadest at base and apex, apex truncate with the inner corner slightly produced; aedeagus short, deep, compressed laterally, with a deep emargination about middle of ventral edge, some five or six spines on left side near apex and a longer row on right. Length 2.9 mm.; tegmen 2 mm. 9 The female I associate with this species is tawny brown in- stead of blackish brown, it has sixteen teeth on the tibial spur. Length 3.9 mm.; tegmen 2.5 mm. ITab. Laiuii, Lanaihale, ."),000 ie-ot elevation (^riiiiro, De- oember, 1916). This species comes between N. peii-insi and X. f/uinicrae. X. disiiindd sp. nov. PI. V, figs. 12, 12a. ^ Brachypterous; antennae reaching to middle of clypeus, pro- portional length of first and second joints as I to 1.7; medio-frontal carina furcate at extreme base; vertex longer than broad; first joint of hind tarsi longer than other two together, spur about 3/4 the length of first tarsal joint. Head and thorax between carinae dark brown or black, carinae, antennae, lateral margins of pronotum light brown or yellow; legs light brown with longitudinal brown mark on femora; abdomen dark brown with lighter markings on base and in medio-dorsal line near apex. Tegmina hyaline slightly tinged with yellow, lightly fus- cous from near base of costal cell to apex of clavus, where there is a dark-brown mark, also a dark mark at apex of costal cell, veins concolorous with membrane with a few minute granules bearing black hairs. Genitalia as figured. The aedeagus slightly curved with a flange along each side with the edges deeply serrated. Length 3.7 mm.; tegmen 2.2 mm. 9 The female I associate with this is slightly lighter in color over the lateral portions of notum and the infuscation from base of costal cell to apex of clavus is very faint. Proportional length of first and second antenna! joint as 1 to 2.3. Length 3 mm.; tegmen 2.3. Hal). Lanai, male from iioi-tli end ni hiohcst ridoe, :3,000 feet, female from Lanaihale, 2,000 feet. This is an isolated species; for the present I shall ])]ace it next to ^Y. pcrl-insi N. lohclldc -Miiir. Aedcaii'iis and iidiital stvle fiunrcd, PI. V, fios. 7, 7a. 307 N. astcliae sp. nov. PI. V, fig. 1.'}. ^ Brachypterous, tegmen not reaching to the base of the pygo- phor; antennae reaching to the middle of clypeus, first segment more than half the length of second; furcation of frontal carina about one- third from base. Pale yellow, fuscous between carinae of face and clypeus, over lateral portion of abdominal tergites and on hind femora. Tegmina hyaline, fuscous over the middle half. There is considerable varia- tion of color in this species, the abdomen in some specimens being nearly all fuscous and the thorax between carinae, especially of the mesothorax, being fuscous; the tegmina also are nearly black in some and in others the dark marking is confined to a mark at apex of clavus and another at apex of costal cell. Pygophor about as broad as deep, ventro-lateral edges produced in rounded processes, medio-ventral area bearing a small, blunt spine: anal segment bearing two large, flattened spines slightly sinuous and diverging; genital styles small, slightly curved and slightly narrowed at truncate apex. Aedeagus figured. Length 3.2 mm.; tegmen 1.8 mm. 5 Lighter in color, some specimens being almost immaculate; but there is a similar degree of variation as in the male. Length 3.2 mm.; tegmen 2 mm. Hal). Oalm, Mt. Kaala (Timberlake, July, 1916), 4,000 feet elevation ; a series of males, females and nymphs off Astelia veratroides Gand. This species is very distinct. T consider that it comes next to 1^ . sharpi Mnir. N. sola sp. nov. PI. V, figs. 11, 11a. (5 Brachypterous, tegmina not quite reaching base of pygophor; antennae reaching to middle of clypeus, first segment more than half the length of second; furcation of frontal carina about middle, the two carinae on basal half being near together and appearing as a sin- gle thick carina. Castaneous, fuscous over lateral portions of abdominal tergites. Tegmina light castaneous, a small fuscous mark at apex of costal cell and another at apex of clavus. Pygophor deeper than wide, medio-ventral edge produced into a point, medio-lateral edges roundly excavate; anal segment prolonged on ventral edge where it is sublabiate, no anal spines; styles very small, slightly curved, apices subacute; aedeagus large, long, tubular, slightly curved, ventral edge of apex produced into two spines, the left larger than the right, dorsal part of apex flattened vertically, a few small spines near apex on ventral side and a couple on right side. Length 3.2 mm.; tegmen 2.2 mm. 5 Unknown. 308 Ilab. Oahu, Pimalim (Swezey, June, 1911). This species is very distinct, the aedeagus not being closely related to any of the described species. Along with N. palustris it shares the distinction of having the ventral edge of the pygophor produced into a large spine. N. l-oehelcl sp. nov. PL V, figs. 10, 10a. ^ Brachypterous, tegmina reaching to base of pygophor; anten- nae reaching beyond middle of clypeus, first segment nearly equal to second in length; frontal carina simple. Stramineous, fuscous between carinae of head and thorax, and over the sides of abdominal tergites. Tegmina stramineous, veins slightly fuscous, a dark mark at apex of clavus and another at apex of costal cell. Pygophor wider than deep; anal segment with two short, broad spines, their bases approximate and apices diverging; genital styles broad at base, curved, narrow on apical third, the apices curved and truncate; aedeagus short, flattened laterally, apex subcrassate and bent to the left. Length 3.6 mm.; tegmen 2 mm. Hab. Oahu, Punaluu (Swezey, June, 1911). This species is very distinct, but I place it in the vicinity of N. sharpi. I name it after IMr. A. Koebele, whose associations with en- tomological work of our island is well known to local entomolo- gists. N. hJackhurni ]\[uir. One male taken at Punaluu, Oahu, by Swezey (June, 1911). Previously known only from Hawaii. N. iicphelias Kirk. PL V, fig. 8. One male specimen from Lanai, Ilalelepaakai (Perkins. I^o. 134, July, 1894), which differs from the description by having the carinae of the same color as the rest of the head and thorax, the femora not striped and the two fuscous marks on tegmina more extensive. The genitalia come near to those of iV. anceps and N. sivezeyl. N. nif/rireps sp. nov. PL VI, figs. 33, 33a. $ Brachypterous; vertex longer than wide, slightly rounded at apex; antennae reaching beyond middle of clypeus, first joint to second as 1 to 1.7; lateral pronotal carinae straight, diverging poste- riorly, reaching hind margin; frontal carina forking near base. 809 Head, pro- and mesothorax and front and middle coxae black, antennae, carinae of clypeus, metathorax and legs ochraceous, a round black spot on metapleura; abdomen black, base, on pleura and a median mark on the hind margin of each tergite yellow. Tegmina ochraceous, a black mark over apex of costal cell and a larger one over middle of tegmen reaching to hind margin at apex of clavus, veins concolorous with membrane, without granules. Genitalia fig- ured. Length 2.6 mm.; tegmen 2 mm. 9 There is one specimen which may be the female of this species but the thorax and carinae of head are ochraceous and the black in middle of tegmen not so extensive. Length 3.1 mm.; tegmen 2.3 mm. Hal). Lanai, 2,300 feet elevation (Mimro, February, 1017). This species comes next to N. anceps Muir, but it also shows affinities with Aloha ipomoeae Kirk, and A. myopori- cola Kirk. N. fullnii-ajfi /fl/un'c».s-/.s subsp. nov. The genitalia of this sub-species are similar to those of -T. ci/a- thodix and -V. fttUairai/i. In coloration it is nearer to the latter, but uniformly darker. The tegmina are slightly opaque and milky white with brown veins and granules. Length 1.7 mm.; tegmen 1 mm. Ilab. Waiopaa, Kaiholena, Lanai (Munro, December, 1016), off Cyathodes. N. raiUai'diae Kirk. ]*^unierous on Baillardla along government road some three miles from Volcano House, Kilauea. One macropterous female among them. (Giffard and ]\Iuir, January, 1917.) y . liatnata sp. nov. PI. V, figs. 17, 17a. ^ Bi-achypterous; vertex longer than wide, medio-frontal carina simple but thick at base; antennae reaching to about middle of cly- peus, first joint half the length of second; tibial spur with ten, teeth. Light ochraceous-buff ; between carinae of head and thorax fus- cous black; a spot on pleura and a longitudinal mark on femora dark; abdominal segments with darker markings over the lateral areas. Tegmina light ochraceous-buff, a fuscous mark at end of costal cell and another at end of clavus; veins concolorous with membrane; a few minute granules bearing hairs. Pygophor a little deeper than broad, medio-ventral and lateral edges without projections; anal spines large, bases near together. 310 slightly diverging towards apex; aedeagus small, with a large barb at the apex; genital styles small, slightly narrowed in middle, apex obliquely truncate, inner corner slightly produced. Length 2.3 mm.; tegmen 1.5 mm. $ The female I associate with this male is similar in color. Length 3 mm.; tegmen 2.3 mm. Ilab. Lanai, north end of highest ridge, 3,000 feet eleva- tion. This species is isolated; it may come near to N. palusttis Kirk, of which I have only seen a female. Genns Kelisia Fieber. The four .species of this genus recorded from the archipelago have the face slightly broader and the sides more arcnate than in the type species. The endemism of these insects is doubtful. K. sporohoHrola Kirk. PI. V, figs. 21, 21a. Anal segment sunk into dorsal edge of pygophor, spines on ventro-lateral edges large, thick, with blunt apices; genital styles "leg-of-mutton" shape with blunt apex (viewed in situ they appear much more slender; the figure is from specimen mounted in balsam); aedeagus long, thin, tubular, apex acute, orifice on ventral side one- third from apex; from a dorso-median position arises a small ser- rated crest. K. sirrzcyi Kirk. PI. V, figs. 20, 20a. Genitalia similar to A'. Nporoholicold Kirk, but the aedeagus more slender, orifice nearer to apex, the dorsal crest replaced by a few teeth, and the genital styles more slender. Female similar to male, with two distinct black marks on the abdomen, one on each side of the ovipositor near the apex, ovipositor brown. The typo locality is Kalihi, Oahu (Swezey, March, 1906), but recently it has l)een taken at Xuuanu Pali (Timberlake and Swezey, October, 101 (>) ((Jiffard, Xoveml)er, 1910)^ off Eracjrostis variahilis Gaud. K. jxihiihiin Kirk. PI. V, figs. IS, 18a. Pygophor deeply emarginate on dorsal edge where anal segment is sunk into pygophor; anal spines acute; genital styles short, widest at apex and base, apex truncate; aedeagus small, tubular, basal half larger than apical half, dorsal surface of basal half corrugated. This is very distinct from the former species. Taken by :\Ir. Fulla- way in Laysan Island.* * Now known from several places in south and southeastern Pacific. K. enwlua sp. iiov. Vi. V, figs. 10, li)a. Spur tectiform, hind margin with numerous small teeth. Tegmina not reaching to middle of abdomen. ^ Light brown or stramineous; antennae dark with a longi- tudinal light mark, legs with longitudinal darker marks; fuscous over the lateral portions of abdominal tergites and sternites; genitalia dark brown. Tegmina stramineous, veins concolorous with mem- brane, a small dark spot at apex of clavus. Pygophor subquadrate, lateral edges considerably produced; anal segment sunk into pygophor, each ventro-posterior corner produced into a strong spine with blunt apex; genital styles strongly diverging, strongly bent about middle; aedeagus straight, tubular, with apical portion strongly incrassate and beset with teeth. Length 2.3 mm.; tegmen 1 mm., 9 Lighter in color, slightly infuscate between carinae of head and thorax; antennae light with two dark, longitudinal marks, longi- tudinal marks on legs more distinct; neuration of tegmina lighter than membrane; five more or less distinct light marks down dorsum of abdomen. Length 3.3 mm.; tegmen 1 mm. Hab. Oahu, Palolo Valley (Timberlake, July, 1916), Kiiliouoii (Swezey, Jime, 1916), off Eragrostis variabilis Gaud., which is called by the Plawaiians "emoloa". Homopterous Notes. / BY F. MUIK. ' The material pertaiiiinii; to these notes forms part of the material collected b}^ members of the staff of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Experiment Station during the course of eco- nomic work in the Malay and Oriental regions, also material l)elonging to Prof. C. F. Baker of Los Banos, Luzon, P. L The types of new species have l)een placed in the collection of the IT. S. P. A. Experiment Station. The interesting feature of this work has been the finding of several species so widely distributed. Kelisia paJudiim Kirk. hitherto only known from the Hawaiian archipelago is now known from several localities in the south, southwest and west Pacific. Delphacodcs nudcrirJa (Kirk.), which is most likely the same as DeJplin.r sordcsceiis ^lotsch. from CVylon, is now * Pro. Haw. Ent. Soc. III. pp. 168-221, 1916. Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc. Ill, No. 4, May, 1917. 312 Figure 1. Leialoha lehuae lanaiensis, aedeagus. 2. Nesodryas antidesmae, aedeagus; a, geuital style. 3. " terryi, aedeagus. 4. " piilani, aedeagus. 5. " eugeniae, aedeagus; a, geuital style. 6. " munroi, aedeagus. 7. Nesosydne loheliae, aedeagus ; a, geuital style. 8. " nephelias, aedeag-us. 9. Nothorestias hadia, aedeagus. 10. Nesosydne Jcoehelei, % view of pygophor ; a, aedeagus. 11. '' sola, 1/2 view of pygoplior; a, aedeagus. 12. " disjunc'ta, full view of pygophor ; a, aedeagus. 13. *• asteliae, aedeagus. 14. " timherlakei, aedeagus. 15. '' gunnerae,- aedeagus. 16. " iH'sogKiiiientr. aedeagus side view; a, eud view. 17. " liamata, acdeagais side view; a. veutral view. 18. Kelisia paludnin, aedeagus; a, geuital style. 19. " emoloa, aedeagus; a, genital style. 20. " sicezeyi, aedeagus ; a, genital style. 21. " sporoholicohy aedeagus; a, genital style. 22. Anecfopia atrata, pygophor, side view ; a, genital style ; h, aedeagus. 23. DcJphacodes terryi. pygophor, full view. 24. " iiicrid'KUudts. pygo])hor, full view ; a, aedeagus. 25. J'li i/llodiini.s saiifcri. aedeagus; a. genital style. 2<). Dlrranolropls fuscifrons. jiygojihor, full view. 27. PerklnsieJla psciuJosincHsls. pyg:]. Xcsosydnc iiigroceps, pjg'oplioi', full view ; a, aedeagus. 34. Dlcnmohvpis rognata, pygophor, full view; a, aedeagus, 35. DcJpliarndes anderida, pygophor, full view. 36. '' cervina, pygophor, full view. 37. " propinqua, aedeagus. 38. *' iicopropinqua, aedeagus. 39. ^Sfciiorni.iiH.s agamopsyche, aedeagus. 40. " philippinensis, aedeagus ; a, genital style. 41. " neopacificus, pygophor, full view. 42. " nigrifrons. pygophor, -yi view. 43. " bakevL pygophor, full view. 44. '* taiwanensis, pygophor, % view, 45. '' pseudopacificiLS, pygophor, % view, 46. PhyUodinas nigromaculosuSy pygophor, % view, 47. Delpliarodes hakeri, pygophor, full view; (I. side view. 48. Die rait oho pis fii.scieauddfd . pygojjhor. full view; <(, genital style; h. ac'(l('iigus. 49. Kclisla fii'hcii. ])yg()])hor, full view; to the ])i'esent; not only the pygophor, anal segment and genital styles but also the aedeagus must l)e used. The last-named organ, I l)elieve, will give us a better idea of relationsl)ip than any othei- single character. 317 Measurc'inents are luadc from a})ex of head to vent, and from the base to the apex of one tegnien ; in measuring the tarsal joints I have taken from the base of the first joint to the base of the second joint and then to the apex of the third joint, thus the spines at the apex of the first joint ure not included in the length of that joint. DELPHACIDAE. Genus Dicranotropis Fieb. D. fusrif rails (Muir). PI. V, fig. 26. Frrl-'nislella fu,'^0 ITal). Formosa, Daiinokko (^hiir, Sauter, January, 191G), swept from g'rass. P. punctata sp. riov. PI. V, fiti'. 29. $ Except in genitalia this species is structurally the same as /'. iiifrromacnlosiix Muir. Color also similar except that the vertex. thorax between carinae and lateral margins light brown, thorax later- ad of carinae dark brown; frons, clypeus and antennae fuscous, frons with light spots. Medio-ventral edge of pygophor produced into a small quadrate plate wider than long with the apical margin roundly emarginate, lateral margins of pygophor slightly sinuous; apical corners of anal segment each with a long, thin, curved spine; genital styles broad on basal two-thirds, apical third thinner and twisted; aedeagus with spine on right side small, acute, left side longer, curved. Length 2 mm.; tegmen 1 mm. Hah. Formosa, Daimokko (^fiiir, January, 1916). Swept from o-rass. P. l)izo)ie)i!^is ]\rnir lias the first and seeond pair of femora and tihiae mnch wider and more foliaceons than in P. nervatiis V. D. and I think it represents Plahjbrachys Bierman. The latter name is preoccupied in Hctcroptora (Stal, 1860) but as it is likely to he a synonym I refrain from creating a new name. Genns S?iiicROTATODELi'JiA\ Kirk. 8. Jnrl-aldt/i s]). nov. $ Testaceous; abdomen, with the exception of the base and pleura, fuscous. Tegmina light testaceous, veins concolorous with membrane with a few minute granules; margins of tegmina slightly incrassate and lighter in color. Pygophor about as wide as deep, dorsal edge deeply emarginate where the anal segment is sunk into it, the corners of the emargi- nation simple, not produced or turned down; anal segment small, ven- tral edge of apex produced into a small point turned ventrad; genital styles very similar to 8. perkinsi. Length 1.3 mm.; tegmen .6 mm. ITah. dava, liohan (Mnir, 1907), one male swept from grass. This is very close to the type species hut the shape of the pygophor makes it easily recognizahle. Kirkaldy's measure- ments of S. perl'lnsi is given as li/i mill, hut the true meas- 321 iirement is the same as this species. They are the smallest Delphacids I am acquainted with. Genus Stknocrants Fieb. Some of the species under this cenns appear to helonji' to S()(/nfa Distant, hut until I can examiiu' the type species (*S^. douf/hcrii/i Dist.) T cannot place them correctly, as some of the critical characters of this and other genera are omitted in Dis- tant's descriptions and figures. S. haWri s]i. nov. PL VT, fig. 43. S. parifirus ]\rnir not Kirk., Phil. Jonr. Sci. lOKl, S(>c. D, vol. xi, Xo. 6, p. 382. ^ Width of head including eyes to length of head and thorax 1 to 1.90; width of face to length 1 to 2.90; first segment of an- tenna to second as 1 to 2. Spur with many (25-30) small teeth on hind margin. Vertex longer than wide, base wider than apex; sides of face nearly straight, base slightly narrower than apex. Buckthorn brown (Ridgway standard), a white median line down head and thorax, blackish on face between carinae, a small black spot on mesopleurum, claws and spines on legs black; abdominal tergites ochraceous orange, anal spines fuscous. Tegmina hyaline, slightly tinged with buckthorn brown, darker over clavus, claval margin whitish, veins darker, granules very minute; wings hyaline, veins brown. Apical corners of anal segment produced into wide, apically rounded plates with a small, slightly curved, blunt spine at their inner base; genital styles truncate at apex with an acute process arising from the hind margin of apex; aedeagus simple, slender, slightly curved. Length 2.;") mm.; tegmen 3.6 mm. 9 Unknown. ITab. Luzon, Los Banos, on grass (Baker, Muir), Bagnio, Benguet (Baker coll.). S. ueupacificiis .sp. nov. PI. W, fig. 4L ^ In structure similar to !^. Iitihrri, the first joint of antenna a little longer in comparison with second (1 to 1.70). In color similar to S. hdkcri but the white line down thorax and vertex continued down frons. Anal spines broad, obtusely pointed; genital styles simple, apex acute, narrow, a small knob at base; aedeagus tubular, thin, with three small curved spines about middle of dorsal surface. Length 2.8 mm.; tegmen 4 mm. 322 9 The groove down pygophor narrow, posterior edge of pygo- phor slightly emarginate; lateral plates narrow, subequal in width, except at base where it is narrower, apical margin deeply emargi- nate, leaving the corner projecting; ovipositor sheaths narrow. Sim- ilar in color to male. Length 3.6 mm.; tegmen 5 mm. Hal). Amhoina (type) ; Papua. Laluki River (Muir). This is the simplest form of the Malav species that 1 have studied. >">. iiif/rlfrons sp. iiov. Pi. VI, fiji'. 42. (5 Width of head including eyes to length of head and thorax 1 to 1.6; width of face to length 1 to 2.5; first joint of antenna to second 1 to 2.4; otherwise structurally as in .S'. nropacificii.^. Thorax buckthorn brown, carinae of face and a median mark down thorax and vertex lighter; face between carinae, genae below eyes and clypeus between carinae black; a minute black spot on pleurum; spines on legs and teeth on spur black; abdomen ochraceous orange, genital styles brown. Tegmina hyaline, light buckthorn brown, darker over clavus, veins darker with minute granules, claval margin whit- ish; apical veins blackish spreading into fifth and sixth apical veins. The apical corners of anal segment are brought together making segment diamond shape, the spines long, thin, ensate and curved; aedeagus curved, ensate, slightly flattened laterally, resting between the anal spines. Length 2.6 mm.; tegmen 3.5 mm. 9 l\Iuch darker than male, the abdomen nearly all black, tegmina darker with most of the veins blackish. Ovipositor sheaths narrow, laterally flattened on apical half; groove narrow; lateral plates small, inner margin arcuate, entire. Length 3.6 mm.; tegmen 4 mm. Tlal). Formosa, Ivaiishirai Oluir, 191G), swept from reeds. S. pticifiriis Kirk. 9 Lateral plates about one-fourth length of pygophor. narrow, edge emarginate at middle, the plate elevated at that point. S. agamopsi/r/ic Kirk. PI. ^M. fig-. 39. 9 Lateral plates of female nearly half the length of pygophor, narrow, margins entire. ;S'. pscudopocifiriis ^Fnir. PI. VT. fii>-. 4~). Male genitalia figured, female with apical edge of pygophor medianly emarginate, latero-apical portions forming small, blunt, conical projections; ovipositor sheaths narrow; lateral plates reach- 32;i ing about one-third along pygophor, basally wide, apically graduating to a point, a deep emargination near base. S. pJillippinensis sp. iiov. PI. VT, fig'. 40. ^ Antennae reaching slightly beyond base of clypeus, second joint 3.2 times the length of first; first joint of hind tarsus as long as the other two together, spur as long as first joint, wide, laminate, with minute teeth along hind margin. Ochraceous-buff, fuscous or black between the carinae of head and slightly so on the pronotum, a round black spot on lateral margin of pronotum, slightly fuscous between the carinae of mesonotum, legs darker ochraceous with a longitudinal mark on femora, more distinct- ly so on hind femora: abdomen dorsally dark, lighter at base and along middle, pygophor and styles dark brown. Tegmina hyaline, veins colorless on basal half, brown on apical half. Length 3 mm.; tegmen 3.6 mm. 9 Unknown. Hal). Luzon, P. T., ]\loiint Maqiiiliiiii'. Tlii.s is a Philip- pine form of N. fii/nntopsycJie Kirk, of Queensland. The form of the ])yii()phor is siniihn- l)nt the g-enital stylos are distinct and it has a distinct black spot on the side of the pronotnni. t^.? taiii-anriisis sp. nov. PI. VT, fig. 44. ^ Length of vertex equal to width, projecting slightly in front of eyes, apex slightly arcuate, base slightly wider than apex, carination similar to that of Dclphdroden; lateral pronotal carinae straight, slight- ly diverging, reaching hind margin; width of head including eyes to length of head and thorax 1 to 2.1; width of face to length 1 to 1.7, very slightly narrower at base than at apex, median carina unforked; antennae reaching to apex of face, length of first joint to second 1 to 4, first joint as broad as long. Spur cultrate, concave on inner side, an apical tooth but no teeth on hind margin. Ochraceous-orange dorsally, yellow-ocher ventrally, chocolate or black slightly over vertex and middle of pronotum, darker over most of the mesonotum, tegulae, the five median abdominal tergites and the genital styles. The dark markings very variable, in some speci- mens almost absent. Tegmina hyaline, ochreous, veins darker with exceedingly minute granules, clavus and cubital cells light brown, a dark mark on claval border near base and another near apex. Opening of pygophor ventrally oblique; no spines on anal seg- ment; aedeagus short, strongly curved, basal half deep, apical half thin, tubular, a strong curved spine from near the middle of left side along side of aedeagus to near apex, at its base a small spine stand- ing at right angle to aedeagus. Length 2.3 mm.; tegmen 3..j mm. 9 Similar to male. Pregenital plate distinct, quadrate, deeply emarginate to near base; lateral plates small, reaching about one- :324 third from base of pygophor, inner edge arcuate, entire. Pygoplior large, wide, median depression large, posterior margin roundly emar- ginate; ovipositor sheath narrow, compressed laterally on upper half. Length 3.8 mm.; tegmen 4.1 mm. Tlal). Formosa, on reeds ( Muir, January, IDIC). P>y the tihial s])iii' this should come into the Tropidocephalini. ft may helouii' to one of Mr. Distant's Indian li'enera bnt I h'ave it in its ])resent ]iosition until T have fuller l-e. *s'.:^ hiinis sp. nov. PI. vr, fio-. r.o. ^ Length of vertex, pro- and mesonotum one and one-half the width of head including eyes; length of vertex one and one-half the width of base, base broader than apex; length of face two and one- half the width of apex, base narrower than apex, lateral edges straight; antennae reaching nearly to middle of clypeus, second joint 1.75 times the length of first; lateral pronotal carinae straight, diverging, not quite reaching to the hind margin of pronotum; basal joint of hind tarsus slightly longer than the other two together, spur as long as basal tibial joint, wide, laminate, with many fine teeth on hind margin. Capucine orange, vertex, frons and antennae slightly fuscous, an indefinite whitish mark down the middle of mesonotum. Tegmina and wings hyaline, very slightly yellowish, veins concolorous with membrane, a few minute concolorous granules on tegminal veins. Genitalia figured. Length 2 . 2 mm. ; tegmen 3 mm. 9 The female I place with this species has the antennae a little shorter. The pygophor is long and narrow, ovipositor laterally com- pressed on apical 3/5; lateral plates two-fifths along ovipositor, edges entire, at base slightly produced and touching in the middle line. Tlab. >\.nd)oina, two males and one femah' (AInir). This species may heloni;- to ^(Hiata. it is not typical of Siciiocratttis. Genns Perkixsiella Kirk. I'cr/rlnsiclhi iiKniihw s]). nov. PI. V. fia;. 32. r>. Ill the table of the Pliilipiiiiie species of this genus* this species comes next to F. saccharivora Miiir, but the genitalia are near to 1\ sacrhdricida Kirk. This is the nineteenth spe- cies of this genus, and the seventh recorded from the Philip- ])ines. P. (/raiiiinicida Ivirk. PI. \\ fig. 'M Aedcagus figured. P. fuscipeiiiiis !Muir. PI. V, fig. oO. Aedeagus figured. P. thompsoni Mnir. PI. V, fig. 28. Genitalia figured. P. pseudosinensis JNluir. PI. V, fig. 27. Genitalia figured. Genus Pissonotus Van Duzee. P. pylaon (Kirk.). "DclpluLv" pylaon Kirkaldv, 1907, 11. S. P. A. Ent. Bull. Ill, p. 160, PL XY, figs. 12-11:. Originally described from Queensland. I have a long series of males, all macropterons, and a short series of females, both macro])terous, and brachypterous, from Formosa, also two specimens from Luzon, P. I., and one from Java. The lateral proiiotal carinae are straight or but very slightly divergingly curved, and reach near to the hind margin. The first joint of the hind tibia eqnal to the two other together; spur slightly shorter than first tibial joint, laminate, moderately wide, with numerous small teeth on hind margin ; width of head, including eyes, double the length; antennae reaching to about middle of clypeus, first joint slightly more than half the length of second (1 to 1.0). I place it in this genus ])rovisionally, the spur is not of the Pissonotus type. Philippine .Journal Science, xi. Sec. D. No. 6, p. 378, 1916. 32G Genus AxECToriA Kirk. .1. niandane Kirk. Mestiis jiiorio Melichar not ]\[otscb. i Thanks to the kindness of Dr. Melichar, I have a male specimen of the species described and figured l)y hini^'" under this name. I have not seen Motschoulskj's original description and figure, only Distant's translation. It is with great diffi- dence that I question the correctness of our leading Homop- terist's identification of this insect ; it does not agree with Motschoulsky's generic characters of Mestus but it is the same as A. mandane Kirk. Only an examination of Motschoulsky's type can decide this identification ; should Dr. Melichar be cor- rect then Anectopia Kirk, must fall to Mestus Motsch. In Kirkaldy's figuresf the carinae of vertex and thorax are too distinct and the lateral pronotal carinae should not distinctly reach the hind nuirgin. The habitat of this species will now be Queensliuid and Ceylon. That it will be found in other parts of the Austro-lVIalayan region I feel quite sure. .4. atrafa sp. nov. PI. V, figs. 22, 22a, 22b. (5 Bachypterous. Vertex as long as broad, not quite so wide as tlie thorax; antennae reacliing to near tlie middle of clypeus, second joint nearly twice the length of first; carinae not distinct; medio- frontal carina simple; lateral carinae of pronotum divergingly curved, not reaching to hind margin; tegmina reaching to base of pygophor; hind tarsi short, first joint not quite so long as the other two together, spur as long as first joint, laminate, hind margin without teeth. Black or blackish brown, legs lighter brown; tegmina shiny black or blackish brown, veins with minute granules bearing black hairs. Length 2 mm.; tegmen 1.5 mm. Macropterous ; one male similar in color to the above but having the tegmina colorless hyaline, with the veins light brown with minute granules. Length 2 mm.; tegmen 2.7 mm. 5 Similar to the male. Length 2.6 mm.; tegmen 1.8 mm. llab. Luzon, P. 1., Paguio (15aker coll.). The genitalia have an affinitv witli J. mandunc. but the sides of the face * Hom. Faun. Ceylon, Melichar 1903, p. 105, PI. II, fig. Ic tH. S. P. A. Ent. Bull. Ill, PI. XI, figs. 11, 17 (1907). 327 are less arcnate. This species mav he the same as A. ifjrrna Kirk, descrihed from a female. Genus Mkgamelus Fieber. M. proserpina Kirk. Orii>iiially deseril)ed from Fiji but I now have specimens fi'om (Queensland, Amboina, Java, and Lnzon, P. T. .1/. proserpinoides sp. nov. (5 -Nlacropterous. In build and coloration this species is similar to .1/. ]n-()xvri>hi(i Kirk, but the genitalia are distinct. Instead of the three flat flanges on the ventral edge of the pygophor there are three coni- cal processes, the median one the largest; the apical portion of the genital styles is not so curved and the apex is truncate; the anal spines are closely appressed at their bases. Length 2.6 mm.; tegmen 2.8 mm. 9 The females I cannot distinguish from .1/. itrnscritlun. Length 2.9 mm.; tegmen 3 mm. Hab. Davao, ^lindanao, P. I. One male and one female (Baker coll.). M. aJhicolJtfi sp. nov. PI. VT, figs. H-i, 543. ^ Length of vertex one and one-half the width; length of face 2.2 times the width, widest in middle, sides slightly arcuate, median carina not forked; antennae reaching to the middle of clypeus, second segment 1.6 times the length of first; lateral pronotal carinae straight, slightly diverging, reaching hind margin of pronotum; first joint of hind tarsus equal in length to other two together, spur not quite so long as first tarsal joint, moderately wide, laminate, hind edge with minute teeth; brachypterous. Intercarinal spaces of face, genae and clypeus black or fuscous brown, vertex, antennae, sides of clypeus, legs and carinae of face and clypeus ochraceous, the median frontal carina wider and whiter than the others; brown over coxae; pronotum white or creamy white, mesonotum brown, darkest between carinae; abdomen ochraceous, brown over median portion of tergites and on some sternites, also the genital styles and ventral half of pygophor brown. Tegmina brown with a darker spot at the end of clavus; hind margin to spot at end of clavus, a small mark beyond that spot and the costal margin white; granules exceedingly minute and sparse. Genitalia figured. A noticeable point is the great development of the process on the diaphragm below the aedeagus. Length 1.9 mm.; tegmen .9 mm. Hal). Lnzon, Blount Benahao (^luir). described from a single male. r,2S .1/.(P) furrifrm (IJorv.). DrlpJni.r fiirrlfrra llorvatlu 1S90, Terms. Fuzctek, XXTI, J.. i\7± Di'lphaA- L-olophoii Kirkakly ll»07 II. S. P. A. Ent. Bull. Ill, ]). 159, PI. XV, figs. 9, 10, 11. The vertex of this species is loni>er than broad with the a])ex sliglitly narrower than the base. It is not congeneric with Ddphacodcs niiilsdiili Fich., neither is it strictly congeneric with Afrgaiiicliis uohilus (Germar), hut I think it is better ])lace(l with the latter than with the former. I have s})ecimens of this s]iecies from Fiji, Aml)oina, Coram, India, Philippines, Sonth China (Lo-fii-shan, 3,000 feet), Formosa and .Ta])an. They may (>ventiially 1)0 divided into two snbsjx'cies as th(» l^hili]i])ines and Indian species differ somewhat from the ty])e. .1/. (/era nor (Kii'k. ). -•Pclplni.r" (/crannr Kirkaldy, 1907, t. c. l.^S. M. hiltd (Kirk.). -Prlpluij-" hihit Kirh'dhlij. 1907, 1. c. .1/. h''nn())iias (Kirk.). "PrJ/iha.r" Jchnoniax Kirkaldy, 1907, t. c. 159. (Jenus Sardia ]\I(dichar. S. philo (Kirk.). One male specimen fi'om Formosa (Muir, I )('cend)er, 191(i), jyi-evionsly known from Fiji, (^neensland and the Pliil- il)ldnes. S. hi-ininid sp. n(tv. 1^1. VT, fiu's. ,') 1 , ."jla. $ Vertex longer than width of base, apex about half the width of base; medio-lateral carinae meeting before the apex; lateral pro- notal carinae diverging, slightly curved, not reaching hind margin; in profile the head not projecting so far, or the medio-frontal carina so prominent, as in the type spcies; antennae reaching to about middle of clypeus, first joint half the length of second; first hind tarsal joint as long as the other two together, spur longer than first tarsal joint, broad, laminate, with minute teeth on hind margin. Shiny warm blackish brown; antennae, apical portion of clypeus, rostrum and legs ochraceous, genital styles light brown; tegmina and 329 wings warm blackish brown with darker veins, veins of tegmina with small brown granules. Genitalia figured. Length 1.9 mm.; tegmen 2.5 mm. Hall. AHil)(iiiia (tv])t', .Muir); Luzon. I'aiisanliau, V. I. ( l>ak('i' coll.). In the Pliili])piii(' s])(*('inu'ii the cariiiac of froiis {•()iisi(leral)l_v liohtcr. S. rostrata Dist. Four fcnialos from Los Baiios, Luzon fMnir. SojitcnilxM', IDl.-)), whicli are like tlic spcciniciis from Imu'hco whicli I rc- fcri-('(l to tlii.s species. (Jeiins IvEMsiA Fiehi'r. A', l-lrkahlyi s]). nov. PI. VI, fios. :,L>-a. "DcJplia.r" piiella Kirkaldy not Van Dnzee" (IIMIT), IL S. W A. Ent. Bull. ITT, p. 100. PI. XV, fi-s. 1-:); Muir, Philip- pine ,Lmrl. Sei. XT, Sec. D, Xo. C ]>. ;]S5, ItlKi. ^ Macropterous. Vertex a little longer than the width of base, apex slightly narrower than base; frons narrowest at base between eyes, sides slightly arcuate, median carina simple; antennae reaching to base of clypeus, first joint slightly more than half the length of second: lateral pronotal carinae not divergingly curved, straight, diverging, not quite reaching hind marsin, or If they do they are slightly convergingly curved near hind margin; first joint of hind tarsus not quite so long as the other two together, spur longer than first tarsal joint, wide, laminate, with numerous minute black teeth on hind margin. Head, anterior third of pronotum, mesonotum, coxae and most of thoracic pleura shiny black or blackish brown, lateral carinae of face, the triangular space between carinae at apex of vertex, carinae of clypeus, all the pronotum except a narrow anterior margin and the postericr angle of mesonotum white or light creamy white, apex of first autennal joint and most of second joint light brown; legs light brown, femora darker than tibiae; abdomen dark brown, light over base and on pleura. Tegmina hyaline, slightly opaquely white, veins light with very minute granules, margins darker, especially the apical margin, a dark brown spot on margin at apex of clavus; wings hya- line with light veins. Opening of pygophor deeper than wide, a deep anal emargination on dorsal edge, rest of margin entire, simple; anal spines contiguous at base, divergingly curved to apex; styles small, their bases generally concealed within the pygopher so that they appear curved and acute, but dissected out and viewed flat thev appear as in PI. VI, fig. 52a; aedeagus slightly crassate at apex with three minute spines in a dorso-apical position, base with a dorsal See remarks under Delphacodes puella, p. 331 330 enlargement which has one or two longitudinal corrugations along it. Length 1.6 mm.; tegmen 2 mm. Brachypterous form similar to above but the tegmina only reach- ing to the eighth abdominal segment, white or creamy white over base and along apical margin, fuscous over median portion. Length of tegmen 1 mm. 5 Similar to male. iMacropterous forms 1.9 mm. long, tegmen 2 mm.; brachypterous forms 1.9 mm. long, tegmen 1 mm. Hal). Fiji (type, Mitir, Koebele) ; Queensland (Koebele, Perkins) ; Luzon, Los Banos (Baker, Mnir) ; Formosa (Muir). This species is a near ally of K. paluduni Kirk. K. pahidum Kirk. PI. V, fig-s. 18-a. This s])eeies was described by Kirkaldy from specimens taken on Oahii, Hawaiian Islands, and afterward taken by I). T. Fulhiway in Laysan Island to the northwest. I now find s])eciniens among' our material from Fiji, Queensland, Java, Ceylon and the Philippines. The genitalia of specimens from these widely separated localities are similar but the color- ation varies. The prevailing color of the Hawaiian s])ecimens is brownish yellow with a variable amount of infuscation on the face between the carinae and over the abdomen; there is a tendency for the mesonotum to darken and for a ting(^ of fuscous to appear over the claval and cubital cells. Among the nine specimens from Rewa, Ba and JSTavua, Fiji, the color is diirker (('xc('])t the ])ronotum nud carinae of head) especially the mesonotum which is dark and shiny in some specimens; in the two Queensland specimens, the one from Pekalongan, Java, the one from Ceylon and the five specimens from IMt. Maqui- ling, Luzon, this tcMidency is cari'i(>(l still further. In some of the Philippine specimens the pronotum and the carinae of the frons stand out very light against the dark intercarinal spaces and the shiny dark mesonotum ; the al)domen is also dark brown in these specimens. In spite of this difference in coloration I do not feel jus- tified in giving a specific, or even a subspecific, name to any of these geographical varieties. While the Queensland, Java and Philippine specimens could be grouped together it would l)e difficult to place the Fiji specimens in either groups, as -331 thcv tend towards both. The iioiiitalia arc vorv near to those of 7v'. l-irl-aJdyi Miiir. K. fieheri sp. nov. PI. VT, fiii's. 40-a. ^ Length of vertex 1.5 the width; sides of face subparallel ex- cept near base where the face is slightly constricted; antennae reach- ing beyond the apex of the face, first joint slightly longer than half of second; pronotal lateral carinae diverging, straight or slightly convergingly curved at apex where they reach, or nearly reach, the posterior margin of the pronotum; first hind tarsal joint slightly short- er than the other two together, spur as long as first joint, laminate, moderately wide with many fine teeth on hind margin. Clypeus, genae behind carina, carinae of face, vertex, a broad median band down pro- and mesonotum, lateral portions of pro- and mesonotum, antennae and legs capucine buff or pale yellow-orange: face and genae between carinae, a broad medio-lateral band down pro- and mesonotum, coxae, most of pleura black fuscous or fuscous brown; abdomen brown with the base, a few marks on pleura and hind margins of some of the segments yellow-orange. Tegmina hya- line tinged with capucine buff, veins darker with minute granules bearing black hairs, a fuscous mark near base and another at apex of clavus, a crescent shape fuscous mark over the posterior apical portion of tegmen including the fork of media and 4-7 apcial veins, the apical half of the fourth and the fifth and sixth apical cells except on the margin where there is a subtriangular clear mark in each cell, the apical portion of the second and third apical veins also fuscous. Genitalia figured. Length 1.9 mm.; tegmen 2.9 mm. 9 Similar to the male but slightly lighter over face and abdomen. Pygophor long and narrow. Length 2.3 mm.; tegmen 2.9 mm. Ilab. Luzon, P. I., a long series, mostly males, from Los Panos (^Iiiir) and one from Mindanao, Davao ( Paker eolL). I also have a specimen from Galle, Ceylon (Painbrigge Fletcher). There is a slight amount of color variation as to the intensity of the black on face and the extent of infnscation on tegmina. I liave honored this little insect with the name of Dr. F. H. Fieber to whom we are indebted for the founda- tions of the classification of the DcJplraclddc. Genus Pakerei.la Craw. B. maculata Craw. Ten specimens from Mexico Valley (Koebele 1907), one male of which is braehypterous. The tegmina reach the middle 332 cf the fifth abdominal segment, brown over the l)asal two-thirds of clavus, fuscous or black over the rest, the margins thick, the ai)ical margin and hind margin of chivus white. Lengtli iJi mm. ; tegmeii .7 mm. Genus Deli'iiacodes Fieber. DelphacodcK Fieb. subgenus of Delphax, logotype niidsanti Fieb., Verb. /. b. Ges. Wien XVI (18(50), p. r)24, PI. VIII, fig. 32. Lihurnia Stal 186G, Hem. Afr. IV, pp. 170, 170, in part. DrJplKt.r Fabricius Ent. Syst. Suppl. (1708), j). r>ll, in i)art (and other authors). In listing the genera of Delphacidae I retained the name Lthm-nia Stal with Delpha.r prilurida Fabr. as its type" for the largest group of species in the family, thinking that by so doing it would cause the least amount of change. A reconsideration of the matter has convinced me that tliis name cannot be main- tained. Fabricius described the genus Delphax (1708) in which he ])laced crassicornls. clavicornis and, at a later date, pclliicida and other species. There is no such genus as Delphax Latr. 1807; in that year Latreille vainly tried to fix pelltieida Fab. as the type of Delpliax Fab. Stal and othei- writers described species under Delphax Fal). (not Delphax L:itr. ) which were congeneric with pelluelda but not with erassicom'is. In 18(;(; Stal recognized that rrasslcornls was the ty])e of Delphax and so he erected the new genus Idhuniia to contain those s])ecies of Delphax which were not congeneric with ciii-'^sicoriils. As synonyms of Llhiinila he gave Delpha.r Anctoi- and h'lnholo- phura Stal 18r).'5, and mentioned seven species. Jt has been contended that the sections a and axi. used by Stal to divide his s])ecics of Lihnnila ai'e subgeueiMc. I cannot agi'ce with this contention as Stal nowhere states this to be the case and he gave no subgeneric names to the divisions. In the same work on ])ages l.") to 41 he deals with the genus T'dileen Latr. and dix'ides if into subgenera wliich he names and describes, Canadian Entomologist, 191;'), p. 26^ ^33 and ill llic subgeiiiis (Jtiiiililld hv uses the saiiie method of dividing his species as ho does in Lihiiniia. viz., a. a.a. h.. h.h. etc,, a method he used in maiiv other pjirts of liie same woi-k and elsewliei-e. The snhsequent historj' of Lihuniia a])])e;n's to he that Distant in 1906 selected monorcrus as the \\\)(\ and at a hiter date iiionoceros was sei)arated from the other species as a dis- tinct iiciuis. Thus Einhulophora and Liharn'ui have the same vvpe and the former takes precedence. My kiiowledg-e of the literature from 1S()<; to 1000 is far from coni])h'te so that it is possihk' that someone separated moitorcfos from the other six s])eeies before 1900, in which case IJhiifiiid still stands without a sehvted tvpe, so T name Delphax rHlln>]lls Stal. Stal considered monoceros conoeneric with jHtllens or he would not have jdaced them together; what his intentions were 1 cannot say hut he made EinholopJioid and lAbuvnia syno- nyms. Tnless new data is i)resented I shall consider them as such and use the name Dclp/idrodcs Fieher ISCC. foi- the group that contains uniJsaiiti and congeneric species. D. ordovis (Kirk.). "Dclpha.r" onloris Kirkaldy, 1907, II. S. P. A. Ent. Hull. TIT, p. i:)i>. D. p((ri/s-(i/is ( Kii'k. ). " /)i'lpli(i.r" paii/safls Kirkaldy, t. c ]>. \')?>. D. diJpa { Kirk.). "Pclp/ia.r" (111 pa Kirkaldy, t. c. p. \('r2. D. dri/opc (Kirk. ). "Dclplid.r" dij/opc Kirkaldy, 1907, t. e. ]>. 154. D. lazidis (Kirk.). "Ih'!p/ia.r" laziills Kii-kaldy, l'.M)7, t. c. ]>. 155. P. iiKifdiiihi ( Kii-k. ). "Dclplni.r" iiKitdiilhi Kii'kaldy, 1907. 1. c. Also from Pa]>ua, Lahiki Rivci- (Muii-, 1909). ,mr marroi)- tcrous male. D. Injas (Kirk.). "Dcljdid.v" In/ds Kirkaldy, 1907. t. c p. 15(;. D. disonymos (Kii'k.). 334 "Delj)1i(i.r" diso)iymos Kirkaldv, 1007, 1. o. Del phacodcs inlvidianaJis .<]i. nov. PI. V, fiji;. 24, 24a. ^ Vertex as long as wide; head as wide as tliorax; antennae reaching slightly beyond base of clypeiis, length of first joint to second as 1 to 2..'>; medio-frontal carina simple; lateral pronotal carinae divergingly curved, not reaching hind margin; brachypterous, tegmen reaching to base of fifth tergite (the pygophor being consid- ered as the ninth abdominal segment) ; hind tarsus short, first joint slightly longer than the other two together, spur about as long as first joint with many minute teeth on hind margin. Pygophor a little narrower than deep, margin entire; anal spines strong, near together, slightly curved; genital styles large, flat, broadest at truncate apex, slightly narrowed in middle, the inner apical area bent at a slightly different plane to the basal and outer area; aedeagus slightly flattened laterally, apex rounded, a row of spines from a dorso-apical point down each side to a ventro-subbasal point, a few odd spines over the ventral area. Head, antennae, thorax and legs ochraceous-buff, frons, genae and clypeus slightly fuscous between carinae, front coxae and a round mark on metapleura dark brown; abdomen blackish brown, lighter over base and pleura; tegmina shiny blackish brown with the extreme base and the margins white or yellowish white, veins concolorous with membrane, without granules. Length 1.8 mm.; tegmen .7 mm. 9 There are two females among the series which are uniformly ochraceous-buff. Length 2.2 mm.; tegmen .9 mm. Hab. Rotoriia, Xew Zealand (O. IF. Swezey, May, 1912). This comes near to D. dilpa (Kirk.), from Anstralia but it can easily be separated l)y its liuht head and thorax and by its g-enitalia. D. stnatcUa (Fall.) Mindanao, Davao (Baker coll.). This aiirees in every way with specimens fVom -lapan and Eiirojx'. D. icrri/i sp. nov. PI. V. fii^;. 2:5. Brachypterous. ^ Vertex as long as broad: antennae reaching to near the middle of clypeus, second joint double as long as first; frons narrowest at base between eyes, medio-frontal carina simple or fur- cate only at the extreme base; tegmina reaching to end of abdomen; first joint of hind tarsi as long as the other two together, spur lami- nate, as long as the first tarsal joint, with many (14-20) fine teeth on posterior edge; lateral pronotal carinae divergingly curved, not reaching hind margin. Face, genae and clypeus between carinae black, carinae of clypeus and face, antennae, vertex, pro- and mesonotum ochraceous, pro- and mesopleura and coxae black or fuscous, metapleura with a round fus- cous spot, abdomen fuscous with the basal segments and posterior edges of 3-8 segments ochraceous. Tegmina ochraceous-buff, fuscous around apex, veins concolorous with membrane, with very minute concolorous granules. Genitalia figured. Length 1.8 mm.; legmen 1.3 mm. 9 Lighter in color, especially between carinae of head. Length 2.5 mm.; tegmen 1.5 mm. Macropterous. $ Similar in coloration to the brachypterous forms. Tegmina hyaline, slightly opaquely white, veins before cross- veins light yellow, beyond cross-veins brown, apical margin brown, veins with very small granules; wings hyaline, slightly opaque, veins brown. Length of tegmen 3 mm. 2 Similar in coloration to the brachypterous form, or slightly darker; tegmina similar in coloration and size to that of the macrop- terous male. Ilal). Java, Dieng Plateau, 7,000 feet elevation. Several s])eciiiieiis hove Dryinid sacs, (F. W. Terry, December, 1908) ; Formosa, '2 males (]\hiir, December, 1913). D. nco[)ropinqna. sp. iiov. PI. VI, fig\ ^iS. 1^ Brachypterous. Antennae reaching nearly to the middle of clypeus, first joint half the length of second; first joint of hind tarsus not quite so long as the other two together, spur about as long as the first joint, broad, laminate, with many small teeth on hind margin; lateral pronotal carinae divergingly curved, not reaching hind margin. Ochraceous-tawny, darker between carinae, on face, clypeus and genae fuscous between carinae, coxae and a round spot on meta- pleura fuscous, abdomen dark, lighter on base, sides, the anal seg- ment and dorsal portion of pygophor. Tegmina ochraceous-tawny, slightly darker over apex, veins concolorous with membrane, without granules. The genitalia is near to that of />. iimphuiua (Fieb.) but the aedeagus is distinct (PI. VI, figs. 37, 38); the genital styles have a less angular projection on the inner basal third, and the truncate apices distinctly narrowed. Length 1.7 mm.; tegmen 1.3 mm. Hal). Los Baiios, Pbili])i)iiie Islands (Baker coll.). Tbis is a Malayan form of D. propiiKjiKi of Fnrope. D. aiiderida (Kirk.). PI. VI, fig. :]->. Dicranotropis andcrhht Kirkaldy, 19()7, II. S. V. A. Ent. Bull. Ill, p. 133. The frontal carina furcates at the Lase of frons and I con- sider that it should he pUiced in this o-enus rather than in Di- cmnotropis. It is possibly the same as Llhunua sordescens (Motseh.). Originally described from a series of females from Fiji and (^nocnsland. T have a long- series including a few males from Davao, ^lindanao, and Mount ^laqniling, Luzon (Baker coll.), also a single male from Lappa Island, South China, one from Pekalongan, Java, and one from Peroe, Ceram Island (Mnir). I place them all under this species until the male from Fiji and (Queensland is known. ^ Vertex as long as wide; length of face 2.3 times the width, sides nearly straight, slightly narrowed between the eyes, furcation of medio-frontal carina sometimes indistinct: antennae reaching near- ly to middle of clypeus, second joint 1.5 times the length of first; lateral carinae of pronotum divergingly curved, not reaching hind margin; hind tibiae short, first joint not quite so long as other two together with 2-4 small spines near its base, spur slightly longer than first joint, broad, laminate, with numerous small teeth on hind mar- gin. Genitalia figured; the aedeagus is thin, cylindrical, swollen about the middle where the opening is situated, beyond this it is drawn out to a fine, curved point; anal spines larger, slightly diverg- ing. Blackish brown, lighter over carinae and on pronotum and legs; abdomen darker with light marks on base and pleura; tegmina hya- line, veins brown, darker on apical half, a dark mark on margin at apex of clavus; some specimens are lighter in color and more of a Sanford's brown. Length 2 mm.; tegmen 2.8 mm. The females are ochraceous-tawny, some slightly darker than others. D. hah-crl sp. nov. PI. VI, fig. 47. ^ Vertex square; frontal carina furcating at base, sides of face subparallel; antennae reaching to near middle of clypeus, second joint 1.8 times the length of first, slightly thickened especially in middle; lateral pronotal carinae divergingly curved, not reaching hind margin; first joint of hind tarsus equal to the two others to- gether, with 2-4 small spines on basal half; spur slightly longer than first tarsal joint, wide, laminate, with numerous small teeth on hind margin. Head, thorax and legs cinnamon brown, darker over front and middle coxae and a spot on metapleurum; abdomen black or brown- ish black, lighter over base, pleura and dorsal portion of pygophor and 8th and 7th tergites. Tegmina hyaline, slightly ochraceous, slightly fuscous over cubito-apical cells, veins before cross-veins con- coloroiis with membrane, beyond cross-veins brown, a few very small, concolorous granules. Genitalia figured; anal spines strongly curved. Length 2.5 mm.; tegmen 3 mm. Ilab. Los Hanos, Luzon, P. 1. (Muir, July, 10 Ki), two nuile specimens. In build this is very much like D. aiiderida and ])()ssesses snudl spines on the first hind tarsal joint. /). iHirlhi (V. 1). ) T have one s])eeimen from ('i>luml)us ( det. Van Dnzee) and (ithers from Dayton and Sprinufield, Ohio, that aiiTce with the original description and with Crawford's fio-nre of the geni- talia. Kirkaldy reported this species from Fiji and Queens- land and figured the genitalia of a Queensland specimen*. These figures do not agree with the Ohio specimens and T can find no specimen among the Fiji and Austi'alian mat(M-ial that does. I have placed D. puclla Kirkaldy not \'. D. in Kcllsia as A'. Ix'n-lcnhJji'i. I). Jdrfci jtrmiis sp. nov. PI. VI, figs. ."i.'^. .")oa. ^ Head about as broad as pronotum, short; vertex a little broader than long; lateral margins of face arcuate, length of face twice the width, median carina forking at base; antennae reaching a little beyond base of clypeus, second joint 1.8 times the length of first; lateral pronotal carinae divergingly curved; first joint of hind tarsus shorter than other two together, spur as long as first tarsal joint, moderately broad, laminate, with minute teeth on hind margin. Head and anterior portion of pronotum dark Hessian brown, ver- tex and carinae at base of face lighter, antennae nearly black, legs brown posterior pair lighter than anterior; posterior portion of pro- notum white, creamy white or dirty yellow; meso- and metanotum light brown; abdomen Hessian brown, light on posterior edge of seg- ments and on pleura. On the face, genae and clypeus there are scattered, fine short hairs. Tegmina and wings hyaline, opaquely white, veins yellowish with fine granules on the tegminal veins. Genitalia figured. Anal spines long, slightly curved, approximate at base, diverging towards apex. Length 1.4 mm.; tegmen 2 mm. 2 Brachypterous, tegmina reaching to fourth abdominal segment, orange buff; antennae dark brown, clypeus, face and vertex lighter brown, anterior half of pronotum darker than posterior half. Teg- mina hyaline, orange buff; veins concolorous with membrane with concolorous minute granules. Length 1.6 mm.; tegmen . ti mm. H. S. P. A. Ent. Bull. Ill (1907), PI. XV, figs. 1-3. 838 Hab. Described from ciiilit inab's from Fiji, four males and one female from .lava iiiid one male from Formosa (Mnir). D. nifjripcnnis sj). nov. PI. VI, fig, 55. ^ Vertex square; face twice as long as broad, slightly narrowed between eyes, sides subparallel; antennae reaching to the middle of clypeus or a little beyond, second joint 1.7 times the length of first; frontal carina forking at extreme base; lateral pronotal carinae slightly divergingly curved, not reaching hind margin of pronotum; first tarsal joint about equal to the two others together, spur not quite as long as first joint, moderately wide, with small teeth on hind margin. Light buckthorn brown or ochraceous buff, fuscous over thoracic pleura, on abdominal sternites and ventral half of pygophor. Teg- mina shiny black or dark chocolate, veins concolorous, without gran- ules. Genitalia figured. Length 2 mm.; tegmen 1 mm. Hab. Formosa, Daimokko (Muir, January, lOlG). TROPIDUCHINAE. Ommcdissus Fieb. Dr. j\Ielicbar* has questioned the status of Ommatissus lofouensis JMuir and 0. cJiinsanensis Muir from China, partly on account of the geographical distribution ; the only other sjie- cies of the genus being found in Andalusia, Spain. 1 have not seen specimens of 0. hinoiatus Fiel)., but the two Chinese spe- cies agree with Fieber's figures and descriptions so closely that I cannot change my opinion. In the Chinese species the me- dian vein forks at the cross-veins instead of near the apex ; the face is slightly broader; in 0. cJiinsanensis Muir the clypeus in profile is slightly more arcuate and in 0. lofouoisis Muir still more so, but these slight differences are not sufficient to create a new genus on. The male genitalia sepai-atc the three species. Neoiiiiiiafissus M nil'. I can find no good charactei-s upon which to se])arate *s7r/ro- toides Distant from this genus. I ])laced this, along with Ommatissus Fieb, among the Cixiids as the hitter holds that position in Oshanin's Catalogue. They both possess the hair- line dividing off the posterior angle of the niesonotum. * ]\Ion. Tropiduchinae, Verb. Ver. Briin, 1914. 339 Reference Tables of the Hawaiian Delphacids and of Their Food-Plants. COMPILED BY WALTEE M. GIEFARD. Tlie compilation of the following ready reference lists of the known species of Hawaiian Delphacids and of their food- jdants was undertaken in the hope that it might in a measure he of some assistance to local collectors of this interesting fam- ily, (^uitc a iiiimlx'i" of fond-plants have hccu added in these lists to those already known and ])revionsly recoi'dcd, hut much has yet to he learned in this particular direction hy continued systematic collecting. I haye followed Mr. Frederick Muir's I'cccut lieyiew of the Hawaiian Del])hacidae* in listing the genei-a and sjx'cies togethei' with the compilations of food-plants r(';'oi'd('(l therein as well as those puldished in Fauna Hawaii- cnsis hy my friend, the late Air. George W. Tvirkaldy.f To these has been added information su])])li('d me by Messrs. Timherlake, Swezey, and Bridwell and obtained by them on recent collecting trips in the mountainous region of the Island of Oahu. The author has also included his results of sys- tcnuitic collecting of Delphacids for AIi'. Aluir on two recent \isits to the Kilanea region (4,000 feet elevation) on the Island of PTawaii and on Tantalus (l,r)00 feet eleyation), Oahu.:}: Continued systematic collecting of our eudcMiiic Dcl- ])hacids and other Tlomoptcra will undoubtedly furnish present and future workers in this gi-oup with a still better knowledge of the trees and plants on which they feed and this in turn will he of material assistance in the future work of identification. T am much indebted to my friends, Messrs. Muir, Swezey, and Timberlake, for their generous assistance by means of their collections and field notes. * Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc, III, No. 3, September, 1916. t Fauna Hawaiiensis, Vol. II, Part VI (Supplement), pp. 578-598, 1910. t The numbers given in Table I following the author's name as collector are those taken from his field notes which give full details and data as regards environment and the special food plants under observation. The individual specimens in his collections bear corre- sponding numbers. Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc. Ill, No. 4, May, 1917. 340 The ])lant iiainos used are aceordina; to Ilillebrand except ill a few eases where a more recent iianie or coinhiiiation is used. Table I. KEFEKEXCE LIST OF UAWAIIAX DELPIIACIDAE WITH TITEIR FOOD- PL AXTS.* Leialoiia L. naiiiirola (Kirk.) Metrosideros polymorpha Gaud. (1). L. h'linac (Kirk.) Metrosideros polymorpha Gand. (1). />. IrJiiKir luiiraiieiisis ^Iiiir Mefroslderos pulyinorplia Gaud. Jaiinary, 1915, Muir and Giffard ; January, 101(5, long series with young-, Giffard Xo. 7a. Some nymphs bred to maturity on Sfranssia sp., January, 1917, Giffard and ^fuir. L. ohiae (Kirk.) Metrosidei-os pohj)iuirpha Gaud. (1). N^ESODKYAS N. freyciiui'iae Tvirk. Freychu'tUi arnolli Gamk (1)\ Fel)- ruary, 191(1, long series with young a]raiidi Forbes, Tnly, 1910, long series, Bridwell, Tind)erlake. A. sirez('i/( ]\Inir. Ckdi pi/IotJicra marrorarpa- Ilbd., Feb- rnary, 1917, series of both sexes, Timberlake ; Lijtiinnii sp., Jnne, 1910, one male, Swezey. A. irailiipoisis ^Mnir. Copi-osnia lonr/ifolia Gray, June, 191(), one male, Tim1)erlake. 342 A. flavocoUaris Muir, Duhautia laxa Hook, and Arn., D. plantaginea Gaud., July, 1916, long series, Timber- lake, Bi-i(i\voll. A. diihaiifiac (Ivirk.) Duhautia plantaginea GaiuL (1) ; I), laxa Hook, and Arn., March, Oct., 1916, Timber- lake. A. artcmisiae (Kirk.) Artemida, australis Less., Kirkaldj, Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc. II, 1910, p. 118. A. campijlothecae Muir, Campylotheca sp. (2). A', l-aalcnsis Miiir, CampylotJiera. sp., July, 1916, long scrit's, Tiiuberlake. Xesokkstias N. fiJiclcola Kii'k. Ferns (1). A. itlinhata (Kirk.) Phecjoptens s])., April, 1916, Tim- be rlake. NoTIIORESTIAS A. hadla ^fuir. Ferns, one male, Timhci-lake. DlCTYOrilOKODKHMlAX D. mirabUiH Swezey. J'Ulospofuiii (/[ahru)ii Hook, and Arn., Marcli, 1916, two males, Bridwell, Timberlake ; Euphorhia cluslaefolia Hook, and Arn., June, July, September, 1916, long series, Bridwell, Swezey, Tim- berlake; Euphovhia Jiillehrandi Forbes, July, 1916, 2 a. [Aliakea] Xesodryas bobeae (Kirk.). Brolssaislv argfta (Kaiiairaii and I'ualniniii) Nesosydne )noidis-laidah(s- ]\Iuir. Ca.mpvlotheca alvgrocarpa (Kokolau) Aloha ccnnpyloUiecae ]\[uir; A. kaalensis ]\Iuir ; Aloha swezeyi Muir. Charpextiera obovata (Pajxda) Nesosydne oaJiue}isis Muir. * I am indebted to INIr. J. F. Rock for identifications of species of certain of the food-plants given in this list. 346 ("ir.oTitwr (//(ij)ii) Xcsosijdiic ipoiiioi'icold Kii'k. ; ^ csorestias fiJicirola Jvirk. ( Cl.KRMOXTIA PAKVIFLOBA VUl". I'LEIAXTIIA {Olia iral) NcSO- sydne hlael-hrrni Miiir. Coi'KOSMA IJ).\(;IF()T>IA (PUo, OJcUO. Kol) Alohd V'(l il 11 pC lisis Mxnv. Cyatiiobes ta:mI':iamkia { Piikeairc. MatcJi) Ncsosydne cya- ihodis Kirk.; 3'. fuldii-dyi Itniaicnsis ^huv. Cyktaxdra sp. Nesosydnc ryiiandrai' ^^llil•. Cyrtaxdba (jakxotiana Nesodryas giffardi, Kirk.; Nesosydnc titrd)erlal-ei ]\[iiir. Cybtandea (JifAXDiFT.oEA Ncsosydnc Cliff ardi IVfuir; N. goul- dlae Kirk. ; Nesodryas giffardi Kirk. (^•UTA^'^)BA PAU'DosA Nesodryas elaeorarpl Kirk. DoDo.NAEA s]). (Aalii. Aalii l-iuiud/iia) Nesodryas dodoiiaeac .Muir. I). viscosA N. iniinrol Muir. Dol.iciios i.Alil.Ali ]\ esosifdiic i poinocirohi l\irk. DrBAi'TiA j>AXA (N(ienae) Aloha flaroeollans Muir; Aloha dahaufiae (Kirk.). DruAi'riA I'l.AXTAcjixEA (Naeiiae) Alalia diihaaliae (Kirk.), Aloha flarorollaris ]\Iuir. Ei-AKocARiTs liii-'iDis (Kal'ia) Nesodryas elaeoearpi Kirk. EuAciKosTis VAi;iAi!ii,is (Fj)iioloa) k'ellsid cnioloa Muir; Keli- sla sirezeyl Kii'k. Ki(;kxia SAXDWicKXsis (Ohia-ha. Padil) Nesodryas engeiiiae Kirk. Imi'Hoimja cmsiakkolia ( A'o/.v;. Ah-oho) DIel yophorodel pha.r iiiirahilis Swczcy. Kii'iioKHiA II ii.LKiiK'AXDi (Nolro A Iroiro ) Alohllis Swezcy. 347 Freyctxetia akxotti [Ic-le) Nesu(Jrij((s frcjjc'ntrUac Jvirk. ; Nesosydiic linlia Kirk. GoTLDiA sp.* (Manouo) Nesosyrhte f/oiilrliae Kirk. GuMSTERA PETAT.oiDEA (Apc) Nesosydiw guiuieme ^Inir. Herpestis monnieria Kelisia paludum Kirk. Ipomoea si)s. Nesosi/dite Iponweicola Kii-k. ; Alolia ipoinoeae. Kirk. JussiAEA viET.osA (Kaiiiaole) Ncsosydne ipomoeicola Kirk. LiPocHAETA cALYcosA {Nelif) Ncsosydiic Iccdil (Kirk.). LiPOCHAETA IXTEGRTFOEIA {Nelic) Kc.'^osyd iic Icalii (Kirk.). LoBKELA iivpoEia^cA Ncsosydite inoiiiis-fantalus ^fiiir; X. lohe- llar ^huY. LvTiiRL'M MAinTiAiUM {Xl)iiJ,-a) Xesosydiic ipoDiocicola Kirk. Maba SAXD^YI('EXSIs (Lama) Xesodryas maculata ^Inir. Metrosideros poeymorpha vars. (Ohia lehaa) Lcialolia )iaiiii- cola (Kirk.) ; L. lehuae (Kirk.) ; L. Irhuae liatraiieiisis Mnir ; L. oli'iac (Kirk.) ; Nesodryas gulichi Miiir. ^Iyoporum saxj)Wicexse (Xaio) Aloha ^nyoporicoJa Kirk. Os]MAXTiius saxdwicexsis [Pua or lliipaa) Xcsodryas (/u- licl-i IMnir, X. fcrryi (Kirk.) ; X. inacnlata ^\\\\r. Peeka volcaxica [Ahini) Aloha myopoicoJa Kirk. PiiEGOPTERis sp. X('>]iaJa. by the Argentine ant {Iridomyrmex hu- III His), in Aliideira. This displaced species which has proved itself so dominant in other warm conntries of the world, evi- dently iiKt a superior foe in the pugnacious South American ant. This superiority ajipears to be evidenced by the way that the Ai-gentine ant is displacing all other ants in our Southern States. Dr. Wheeler (1910), further, gives interesting ac- counts of the dominance of P. megacephala in tropical coun- tries, citing particularly, Bermuda and the Virgin Islands. He then predicted that this species would rapidly exterminate the ant-fauna of tropical or subtropical regions, wherever it was able to gain a foothold, and propagate abundantly. This pre- diction is certainly proving true in the case of Hawaii, at least as far as out-of-door nesting species are concerned. One has but to observe in some particular region of our Islands, for a few years, to note the supplanting of other ants by P. megacephala. At my home, in Palolo Valley, this latter species is now the dominant ant, out-of-doors. As recently as 1913, the black ant { Prenolepis lotujicornis) was there in myriads, aud the yard contained several nests of the fire ant (Sole)ioj)sis (/('iiiiim/a viiv. nifa); l)oth these species have now entirely (lisa])peared. 'I'he fii-st was particularly troublesoihe froui tile fact that whole colonies frequently moved into the house, locating the brood about the water ])ipes, or inside the tank of the toilet. They gave further ti-oublc by beiuii' ouuiiv- ISTlMBUTIOX. It is an extremely easy nmtter for ants to 1)0 disti'ibuted by shipping, for it is a common experience to find them in packages of merchandise upon the wharves. A good illustra- tion of this fact was recorded by Eckart (1902), who received a barrel of borer-infested seed-cane from Deinerara, which upon opening up was found to be sAvaruiing with /^ iihu/h- cephala. The range of these ants is largely controlled by climatic conditions. They are not tolerant of cold weather, aud ai)])ar- ently, extremes of humidity are very injurious to them. Girault (1915) has recorded the destruction of vast num- bers, due to slight frost in Queensland ; but his last statement that the heaps of dead all seemed to be in ruts, might imply that water came in as an additional death-factor. On several occasions, while in Fiji during 1913, I observed similar piles of dead megaccphaJa. which had been carried c)ut of the nests by the survivors. These fatalities apparently always took place dnrino- cool rainy nights, and the heaps of dead were only fonnd at the entrances of nests located in the furrows between the cane rows. The indication is that the ants were overtaken by a flood of water, while in a chilled condition, otherwise we should expect dead in the nests on the ridges as well as in the furrows. An experiment was tried of flood- ing a nest for a brief period during the day, but apparently no fatalities i-esulted, for as soon as the water subsided the workers began carrying the brood to a drier location. Dr. Perkins (11)18) mentions low-lying localities, along the coast, which from excessive dryness and other causes, the Plieidole is unable to occupy, at any rate ])ermanently. A good example of such a locality is to be found just beyond Koko Head crater, here on Oahu. Going over into this valley, a marked change in the insect-fauna is to lie noted. While megacepliahi is the dominant ant on the lT(Miolulu-side of the crater, there is scarcely a trace of this s])ecies on the opposite side, which is an extremely dry and windswept area. Several other ants have, however, adapted tluMnselves to these diffi- cult conditions. IJoth Prenolrpis loiu/lroiiiis and the fire ant (Solenopsis gemlnata var. rufa) are there in abundance. The first species favoring the region of coral sand, and the second the alluvial soil, further back from the shore, in accord- ance with its agricultural habits. It is interesting to recall that thc^se are the same species, recently exterminated hy iner/arcphdld. in the vicinity of my home, in Palolo Valley. They are certainly drivc^n to the "ends of the cai'th'''' in a region such as we find beyond Koko Head. Tn favoral)le regions, such as we find in any of our humid valleys, l\ iiicgdcephala is exceedingly abundant. These ants make use of every stone for a roof, and tlie large cracks in the volcanic soil, whicli form during the di'v season, furnish them ready-made chambers to a considoral)le de])tli. Xaturally, heavy rains are unfavorable to them in this spongy soil, and 353 they probablj suffer severe loss. Under such circumstances, we find them bringing great piles of the brood to the surface, and depositing it just l)eneath the stones or other ol)jects, where it may be easily destroyed by further floods. When thus set-to to save their lu'ood, the ants make use of any structure aliove gi-ound ; hence, we find them doing con- siderable damage in un])i"()tected apiaries"'"' (hiring the rainy season. At this time every hive has a thriving colony of ants beneath it, and, as the soil becomes saturated, they try to move inside. They build covered rimways, of soil and bits of trash, connecting their nest with the opening to the hive, and thus effect an entrance without apparent remonstrance on the part of the bees. The ants then begin their attack by catching the bees along the edges of the combs, but with each success their nund)ers increase, until they literally cover every square inch of space within the hive, and the remaining bees are compelled to flee for safety. Wlien the swarm has been thus gotten rid of, the ants devote their attention to the de- struction of the larval ])ees, and often move ])art of their nest into the hive. In such an onslaught it is the small workers who rush in from all sides, seizing legs and wings of the prey ; l)ut they are soon assisted by the soldiers, who not only help to hold the struggling insect, but also offer most effective service in dismembering it with their po^verful jaws, and, in l)iting it up into pieces of such size that they can be easily carried by the workers. The soldiers apparently disdain any other duties than these, for they have not been observed either cai-rying food, or assisting in the removal of brood in the suddenly opened nest. In the regular file of workers, struggling under their heavy loads, these big-headed fellows march along empty handed. They have an inquisitive way of rushing up to each worker that they meet and touching antennae for an instant before ])assing. Furthei-more, the workers do all the foraging — a great excess of soldiers being usually found in the nest, MS if waitino- for a "call to arms". As soon as a new food * Methods for the protection of bees discussed under control measures. P,54 supply is located, liowever, the soldiers advance in a constant stream, along with the workers. Mr. E. C, Smith, manager of the Garden Island Honey Company, of Honolulu, tells me that with their 5,000 colonies, located on the various islands, they experience by far the greatest difficulty from these ants on the Island of Hawaii ; for most of their apiaries are there located in very humid districts. He says that, even here on Oahu, at least twenty- five per cent of the colonies are destroyed during each rainy season, unless protected. It is his experience that no colony, no matter how strong, can withstand these predators, for more than a few daj's, if once set-upon. It is fortunate for the apiarist that the ants are omnivorous in their diet, and that they feed upon bees during so short a season; for even though a successful method of keeping them out of the hives has been devised, the expense for the lalxf item of carrying on the combat throughout the year would be prohibitive. Since these ants show a decided preference for an insect diet, their activities may lead them to attack other introduced beneficial insects. Fortunately, many of these, for exam])le the hymenopterous parasites, appear to be more or less immune but, as I have recorded (1914) the breeding of dii^tM-ous parasites, in Fiji, was greatly hampered by mcgaccpliala. Apparently this is a further case of the effects of climate upon the activities of this ant. Fiji, being nearer the equator, is warmer than Hawaii, and megacephala is much more abun- dant, at least, in the cane districts. As far as we were able to observe, none of the thousands of flies that we libeiatod during the first nine months were al)le to estal)lisli themselves. This was probably due to the fact that the work was stt^rted at the beginning of the dry season, at a time when the ants were exceedingly abundant. The breeding cages were moved, however, to a new district, during the following wet season, and in scarcely three months after the liberation (February, 1914) of 320 flies, they were found breeding in the field, and three months later, at cutting time, they were found to be so well established that the fly puparia could be fouml in almost 855 every l)orer-infested stalk, and they had spread over several fields. By the end of the dry season, however, the ants, which had become scarce during the wet weather, were again exceed- ingly abundant, and no flies or their piiparia were to bo found. We have had similar experience in each of the districts where the flies have been liberated, even to those that were sent over to Queensland, — at first they would appear to be established and spreading in the fields during the rainy season, but later they would entirely disappear. The only way that I can account for the way these flies have succeeded in Hawaii is that megacephala is not nearly as numerous here. Though these ants are often regarded as noxious insects because of their relation to Aphids, Coccids and leaf-hoppers, we must give them credit for the fact that they often devour these insects, especially if there is a shortage of the honey-dew. Professor Heer (1852 and 1856) speaks with surprise of their destruction of cochineal insects, and recently Swezey (1913) recorded their eating some of the mealy bugs on sugar cane. Moreover, Dr. Wheeler (1910) points out that ants also render some assistance by removing the s^veet excretions produced by these various bugs, for if left to fall upon the leaves, it forms a culture for destructive leaf fungi. Furthermore, this species can hardly be regarded m a house- hold pest. Though they show a fondness for foods continuing fats and proteids, particularly meats, beans, cheese, butter, etc., these foods can easily be protected from them. T have not observed that they show a particular liking for sweets, in the house, as recorded by Professor Heer (1852, 1856). As he noted, however, they do have a decided preference for an insect diet, and we find them not only removing the dead insects that chance about the place, but also going after the liv- ing. One remarkable case was that of some dried fish which had become thoroughly infested with Dermestid larvae. When first observed, the ants were all over this fish and vigorously attacking the spiny larvae. Within two days not one of the pests remained and the ants gvadually dispersed without in any way molesting the fish. During dry weather the ants often come into the house after water, and I have found them swarming over the inverted drinking-glass. On one occasion, when taking a drink in the dark, I felt a gritty substance in my mouth from the edge of the glass, and upon investigation in the light I found that I had devoured a few dozen ants. Fortunately, they have no taste, so, if we did not know that they were present, we might eat them with impunity. It is in their relation to our pests out-of-doors that ants of this species have demonstrated their great usefulness. As early as 1852, Professor Heer observed that they held an important economic position, for they attacked many of the most destructive pests, and no insect appeared to be too large for them. Even in their activities against house-flies, which I have recorded (1913), they render a most valuable service. For the breeding possibilities of this pest, if uncontrolled, in tropical countries, would be inestimable. As pointed out by Dr. Perkins (1913) there are very few of the native insects that can long resist this predator; and the same might be said for some of our introduced species. Even insects as big and powerful as our mole cricket (Gnjllo- talpa africana) are destroyed. I have several times observed these crickets in the clutches of the ants, on sandy soil, and they appeared to be powerless to throw off their little tor- mentors. In one instance I counted sixteen ants on one leg, and there appeared to be as many on each of the other append- ages, including the cerci. In their struggle to hold the prey, the ants seized upon every bit of rubbish that came in tlu'ir way, so that the cricket was soon weighted down and tired out, carrying this load. He made many attempts to get into the soil but the mass of ants kept their hold upon him until the soldiers succeeded in puncturing the wall of his abdomen, after which the struggle was brief. Cardin (1913) has reported that the ants are the most dreaded enemies of a mole cricket, in Cuba, and he partly attributes the scarcity of this pest, in that countrv to them. To form some conchision as to how such minute insects are able to (lominate creatures even hundreds of times their size one has but to observe their persistence and the tenacity of their attack. In Fiji I couhl hardly collect any insects, at lights, which did not have a number of these ants attached to them. Even the ])o\verful June beetles, (Ehopoca sp.) which destroy large areas of sugar-cane by feeding upon the roots, were attacked — often as many as two dozen ants clinging to tlic ]e»;s when cai)tured. Of course, it is impossible to tell how long these ants had maintained their grip u])on the in- sects, but possibly for hours, since they apparently never give 11]), as long as there is any hope of success. On one occasion T discovered two soldiers and a few v> ci'kc rs holding a large Dermestid larva, and though I watched rheni for over two hours they hardly changed their positions. The only motions that I could observe were that the ants con- tinually braced themselves, shifting the feet, and there was a ])eriodic jerking of the abdomen, especially by the soldiers. CONTROL :\rEASrEES. Let me emphasize in the beginning, that with thege ants, our objects should lie control and not destruction. If these little creatures, through their zeal, come into conflict with some of our interests, we should not at once try to kill them, but, rather, to devise a means to keep them out of trouble. Therefore, of the numerous remedies that have l)een recom- mended for ants, I will not here consider those which aim at their destruction. The method devised by ^Ir. E. O. Smith for the ])rotection of bees is, like many important discoveries, both simple and effective. The corners of the hive are supported on the heads of sixty-penny spikes, coated with axle grease (Plate VII). Any kind of a frame-work may serve for the attachment of the s]nkes, Imt ^Ir. Smith has finally standardized it; using two ])icces of 2 X 3, which measure just the width of the hive, and a 1x3, as long as the liive, for a spreader. In getting out this material at the mill, hoh s are bored into the 2 x 3s, so that the nails will all enter the same distance, and give no trouble from splitting. 358 Plate VII. Corner of College of Hawaii apiarv, showing special stands to keep out ants. ^fany difficulties were experienced in trying to keep ants away from the bees, before their aversion for axle grease was discovered. .\.l)ont ten years ago hives in some places were supported iij^on ])osts for the easy application of ant-poison, while other apiaries were protected by tins of water, as illns- trated by Dr. Phillips.^ Both methods had to be discarded, becanse of the necessity of freqnent renewals, which made the cost prohibitive. Tanglefoot, also, proved worthless, from the fact that the ants wonld bridge over it, in one night, with bits of rnbbish. Axle grease, on the other hand, appears to be very distasteful to them, and they stay away from it. This sub- stance also has the advantage of being rather permanent, last- ing for two or more months. Hence, a couple of applications are all that are required to carry the bees safely through the wet-season ; and the balance of the year they require no pro- tection. For barriers, indoors, axle grease is hardly suitable, but the Avell-known bi-chloride-of -mercury band is equally effective, if ke])t dry. N^arrow lamp-wicks serve best for this purpose. They are soaked in a saturated solution of the poison, and hung up to dry, before pinning about the legs of the furniture, etc. What appears to be a most effective remedy has recently been used"* by Mr. Arthur Gibson, of the Department of Agriculture, at Ottawa, Canada, but I have not had time to try it upon our ants. It consists in simply dusting sodium fluoride in the places frequented by the ants, and they soon disappear. This chemical has been recommendedf for the destruction of cockroaches, but Mr. Gibson's article would indicate that the ants are simply driven away by it. AXXOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY. :}: 1852. ITeer, O. — Ueber die Hausameise ]\radeiras. An die Ziircherische Jugend auf das Jahr 1852, von der Xaturfor- schenden Gesellsehaft, 54 Stiick, 1-24. * U. S. Dept. Agric. Bur. Ent. Bui. 75, Pis. VII and X. ** Can. Ent. XLVIII, 365-367. t U. S. Dept. Agric. Farmers' Bui., 658. 1 1 have not seen this paper. Professor Ilecr's original aeeouiit of the habits of our spe- cies, for which he used the name (Eropliflioni pusiUa Tleer. For eoniph^te transhition, see the next i)aper. 185G. Ileer, O. — On the house ant of Madeir:! Trans- lated from the original by Lowe, R. T. Ann. and ]\rag Xat. Hist. 2d ser. XVII, 209-224 and 322-333, 1 PI. The author states that these ants were found o;i the vdiole south side of the Island of Madeira, u]) to a heigh: cf 1,000 feet, in countless numbers, especially in hot, sunny ])laces. They were under practically every stone, and there was hardly a house that did not harbor millions of them. They were said to show little ])reference as to kinds of food attacked in houses; going after sweets (sugar, honey, syru]), ])res('rved fruits) ; but not less also fresh fleshy fruits of all kinds. They seemed to prefer flesh to vegetable sub- stances. Paw and boiled meat was eagerly sought by them ; but insects were very decidedly preferred. Great trouble was experienced in guarding the collections of insects from them. The author remarks that they did not, however, seek after dead insects only, but attacked also the living. He notes their attack u])on flies, termites, grasshoppers and even the destruction of the cochineal insects, and, members of their o\\^l family. In these attacks upon large living-insects, it was noted that the soldiers were never the ones to make the original assault, but only entered in after the first seizure by workers. The soldiers, however, rendered efficient aid in cutting off wings and legs of the larger insects, and in breaking them up into bits which were easily carried by the workers. 1869. IJrown. F. II. — Some observations on the fauna of Madeira. Proc. Post. Soc. Xat. Hist. XII, 211. "A very troublesome little ant, abounds in the houses of Madeira, and is supposed to be peculiar to the island. It has received the name (Ecophfhora pusiJla from Prof. Ileer, who has written an account of this little aninuil." 1S80. Blackburn, T., and Kirby, W. F. — Xotes on species of aculeate Hymeno])tera occurring in the Hawaiian Islands. Ent. Mo. Maff. XV 11, 89. 3G1 The species is reeorded under the name, Pheidole pusilla Heer, with the remarks : "One of the commonest ants in Oahu, and probably else- where. (T. B.)" "The honse-ant of ^fadeira ; and occasionally met with in England. (W. F. K.)" 1882. McCook, H. C. — Ants as beneficial insecticides. Proc. Acad. Xat. Sc. Philad. 1882, 263-271. This article is a discussion of the practicability of the use of ants for the destruction of insect pests, as practiced in the province of Canton, China. The Chinese are said to protect their orange trees from dreaded pests by importing ants from neighboring hills. The growers themselves supply some ants, which prey upon the enemies of the orange, but not in sufficient numbers ; and resort is had to hill-people, who, throughout the summer and winter find the nests suspended from branches of bamboo and various trees. There are two varieties of ants, red and yellow, whose nests resemble cotton-bags. The collectors are supplied with pig or goat bladders, which are baited inside with lard. The orifices of these they apply to the entrance of nests, when the ants enter the bags and become a marketable com- modity at the orchards. Orange trees are colonized by deposit- ing the ants on their upper branches, and to enable them to pass from tree to tree all the trees of an orchard are connected by bamboo rods. The author discusses the subject under several heads, and sums up : Even if the ant should not be as tractable for domestication as her hymenopterous ally, the bee, and in spite of her occa- sional forays upon our cupboards and crops, the ant is worthy to stand at the head of insects beneficial to man. 1899. Forel, A. — Pheidole megacephala Fab. Fauna Ha- Avaiiensis I, 118. "Hab. All the Islands from the coast to an elevation of 3,000 feet. Cosmopolitan." 362 1902, Eckart, C. F. — Report ou precautions to be observed ^vitli regard to cane importations. Haw. Sugar Planters' Assn., p. 8. A barrel of seed-cane imported from Demerara was found to be badly infested with borers, and the empty channels of the beetles were alive with our common ant {Pheidole mcrjace- pliala). Upon opening the sticks, traces were found of both larvae and pupae of the borers, which had been destroyed by the ants, but only a single beetle was found, alive, in the con- signment, having escaped because of its perfect cocoon, which is difficult for the ants to enter.- 1903. Perkins, R. C. L. — The leaf-hopper of sugar cane. Bd. Comm. Agric. and Forestry, Bui. 1, 23. Pheidole megacephala was noted, as one of the species of ants preying upon the young leaf-hoppers. 1905. Perkins, R. C. L. — Entomological and other notes on a trip to Australia. Proc. Haw. Ent. S(X'. I, 9. At Cairns Pheidole megacephala swarmed everywhere, and no lady-bird or its larva could get at the scales on many badly affected trees. 1906. Wheeler, W. M. — On certain tropical ants intro- duced into the United States. Ent. News, XVII, 24. Notes, the supplanting of Pheidole megacephala by the Ar- gentine ant {Iridomyrmex humilis Mayr), in Madeira. The author quotes from Prof. Heer's description of the former species. 1909. Swezey, O. H. — Notes on the budmoth of sugar cane, etc. Haw\ Planters' Record, I, 133. The author states that P. megacephala is always almndant in cane, often having its nests beneath the leaf sheaths. It destroys not only the young bud worms but also other cane- feeding caterpillars. 1910. Wheeler, W. M.— Ants, p. 154-15.'>. The author quotes, from Professor Pleer's account of P. megacephala, and states that this ant is very common in Ber- muda and West Indies and will probably be found in Florida. He says that there can be little doubt that wherever it eains a 363 foothold in tropical or subtropical countries it is able to propa- gate very rapidly and to exterminate the indigenous ant-fauna. Bermuda and the Virgin Islands are cited as cases in point ; and the following interesting observations are recorded : "During March, ItXXi, 1 devoted ten days to a careful study of the ant-fauna of the little Island of Culebra, off the eastern coast of Porto Kico, without seeing a single speci- men of Ph. megacephala. This island is, however, completely overrun with a dark variety of the vicious fire-ant (Solenopsis geminata). One day, on visiting the Island of Culebrita, which is separated by a shallow channel hardly a mile in width from the eastern coast of Culebra, I was astonished to find it completely overrun with Ph. megacephala. This ant was nesting under every stone and log, from the shifting sand of the sea-beach to the walls of the light-house on the highest point of the island. The most careful search failed to reveal the presence of any other species, though the flora and physical conditions are the same as those of Culebra. It is highly probable that Ph. megacephala, perhaps accidentally intro- duced from St. Thomas, a few miles to the east, had extermi- nated all the other ants which must previously have inhabited Culebrita. The absence of megacephala on Culebra is perhaps to be explained by the presence of the equally prolific and pugnacious fire-ant." 1913. Cardin, Patricio. — A probable parasite of Scapteris- cus didadylus in Cuba. Journ. Econ. Ent. VI, 330-331. The author states that the fire ant (Solenopsis geminata Fab.), and the common red ant (Pheidole megacephala Fab.), were the most dreaded enemies of the mole cricket, or ^'changa", in high and dry land, and he partly attributes the scarcity of this pest, in Cuba, to the attacks of these pests. 1913. IllingAvorth, J. F. — Little brown ant doing good work in Hawaii. Haw. Forester and Agric. X, 370- 371. The writer states that P. megacephala appears to be the principal factor holding house flies in check under tropical conditions. It is estimated . that the ants destroy fully 75% of the flies ; carrying off most of the eggs or larvae as soon 364 as tliev find them. Furthermore, they were observed attacking and dismembering adnlt flies. 1913. Swezey, O. H. — Sugar cane mealy bugs in the Hawaiian Islands. Haw. Planters' Record. VIII, 208. The author states that P. megacephala is always present and although feeding largely on the sweetish excretions, yet does eat some of the mealy bugs. 1913. Perkins, R. C. L. — Introduction, Fauna Hawaiien- sis, I, xli and ci. From the standpoint of the systematist, the author gives this most interesting survey of P. megacephala in Hawaii: "As with the birds, destruction of forest has, doubtless, caused the disappearance of many local insects, but even of greater importance has been the introduction of foreign carniv- orous species, especially of the dominant ant, Pheidole megaec- phala. There is no record of the time when this destructive creature was imported, but even during the last twenty years it has occupied some considerable areas previously free from it. It may be said that no native Hawaiian Coleopterous insect can resist this predator, and it is practically useless to attempt to collect where it is well established. Just on the limits of its range one may occasionally meet with a few active beetles, e. g, species of Plagithmysus, often with these ants attached to their legs or bodies, but sooner or later they are quite extermi- nated from such localities. It is quite certain that native beetles and many other insects are absent from the localities occupied by Pheidoley solely on account of its presence. In several instances, as the ant has been observed to occupy a new area, this area having been collected over before it was present and yielding many native beetles, the latter have entirely dis- appeared. In a few low-lying localities, even close to the coast, there are some places, which from excessive dryness and other causes, the Pheidole is unable to occupy, at any rate per- manently, and 3'et unfavorable, as these are, for insects of any kind, here only will native Coleoptera be found. On one occasion I came across an instructive instance of the effect of these ants on the native fauna. A more or less open piece of forest at an elevation of 1,500 feet above sea level, with a 365 lai'iic variety of trees scattered in it, appeared at first sigiit an excellent spot for collecting native insects. A nnmber of native Ilymeuoptera were seen flying round the foliage, hardy insects which the ants cannot exterminate, though they are often seen attached to them by the mandibles. Every tree trunk was invaded by Plieidole, and beating the boughs dis- lodged them in thousands. Xot a single beetle nor any native insect was obtained from these trees. One solitary tree, how- ever, for some reason was quite free from ants. It was a large Bobea, with hanging masses of "^Maile' (Alyxia) dependent from the boughs. Fi-om the dead stems of this were shaken hundreds, if not thousands, of one species of Proterliinus , others also, being present, as well as the large Aveevils, Rhynco- (jonus, and other kinds of beetles. I visited this spot on many occasions for the sake of a rare species of wasp, bnt never obtained a beetle except from this one tree, and a year later it too was occupied by Plieidole and barren of native insects. Fortunaetly Plieidole is not universal in its distribution. It can in some localities just attain 4,000 feet in the mountains, under certain climatic conditions. Below twelve or thirteen hnndred feet it often occupies most of the islands, excepting some extremely arid localities. Though not so utterly de- structive to other insects as to the beetles, yet many of them are destroyed by it, and generally speaking, collecting is very poor, where it abounds. Most of the native s]iecies taken in such places are vagrant, like Lepidoptera, and have bred in some adjoining area, either free from this ant, or where it is comparatively sparse. ]Miles of attractive forest in some parts of the islands are almost devoid of native insects, through its destrnctiveness. A very few endemic insects seem able to breed in its hannts, even where it is quite abundant, but many of the foreign or imported insects flourish in spite of it. It is not probable that it will spread to any great extent beyond the limits now occupied, for it has long since filled all suitable localities. Here and there the opening \\\) of limited areas of forest may by change of conditions allow it to colonize these, but the great bulk of the forest is now reserved and not likely to be opened up. There is no reason to suppose that the en- demic insect fauna will suffer any considerable further diniinu- 366 tion, and it may, so far as one can see, remain as it is for ages to come. The chief danger Avonld be in the introduction of some predaceoiis creature like Pheidole, which would be able to occupy the great area of forest land and the country above this, where Pheidole does not now exist. As no such insect has been imported in the course of the last century, it is on the whole improbable that it ever will be." And, further, in discussing the ant fauna of the islands, the author adds : "Pheidole megacephala is the most abundant of all the foreign ants. In many parts it occupies not only the whole open country, but also the forests to a height of about 2,000 feet in. the mountains. In open country it sometimes becomes established as high as 4,000 feet, and may be numerous at three thousand. Usually, where forests are dense, it ceases to range above about 1,200 to 1,500 feet of elevation, while in its range, no matter how fine or how dense the forest may ])e, the endemic fauna, save for a few forms, that can resist, or are tolerated by the ants, is entirely exterminated. This native fauna, especially of beetles, appears as if by magic, the moment the limit of range of Pheidole is reached Of the native insects that are attacked by Pheidole, the Aculeate Hymenoptera are the least injured. Even in the case of large Crabronids and wasps of the genus Odynerus it is common enough to find s]:)ecimens with one or more workers of Phei- dole, or with the great head of the soldier-form attached to their legs or antennae, and we have noticed instances where these strong insects have been entirely overcome by their assail- ants.'' 1914. Illingworth, J. F.- — Further notes on the breeding of the Tachinid fly parasite on the cane beetle borer. Jouru. Econ. Ent. VII, i^HS. The writer places the small brown ant {P. merjarepJiala), at the head of the list of mortal enemies of the flies. These ants were troublesome at every stage of the breeding work; being on the ground about the cages in myriads, they swarmed inside at the least oportunity. Carbon bisulphide ^vas used effectively for the destruction of nests in the cages. 367 Emerging- flics in the field were often observed in the toils — a single ant, at this time, being able to hold a flv, and tlie cane is always swarming with them. The larvae of the flies only escape because the parasitized borers plug the channels behind them and build ant-proof co- coons, for the ants quickly destroy both grubs and maggots when exposed. 1915. Ehrhorn, E. M. — Ants. Report of the Division of Entomology for the biennial period ending December 3 1st, 191-1. Hawaii Bd. Agric. and Forestry, p. 139-140. The author reports Pheidole megacephala as giving much trouble to householders, attacking foods, but states that this species is more of a garden pest. He says that they fre- quently loosen the soil around young plants, causing them to fall over, and that they are more troublesome in dry situa- tions. Control measures include placing the legs of tables, etc., in dishes of water, or tying bands soaked in ant-poison about the legs, and the destruction of the nests. Since this species nests in the soil, outside of the building, they are easily killed l)y the use of gasoline or carbon bisulphide. 1915. Girault, A. A. — Pheidole megacephala Fab. dying from cold in Xorth Queensland. Ent. Xews, XXVI, 302. This interesting note follows : "Toward the last week of July, 1912, all over the Goondi, Darradgee and Mundoo cane plantations near Innisfail, I saw little heaps of dead ants, each heap containing several hun- dred specimens of the workers and soldiers. They were rather common and I was considerably puzzled to account for them until chancing to hear from a farmer that young sugar cane had l)een slightly damaged by recent frosts; the ants doubtless had suffered from the same cause, the more clearly indicated because the species appears to be an equatorial one or one of the uplands or of situations not exposed to cold spells in the tropical sense. Xests adjoining the heaps of dead contained living individuals acting as usual. Later, on August 8, at Xelson, Xorth Queensland, I foimd the same species, dead in similar heaps : if along a road, these heaps all seemed to be 368 in the wheel nits ; from their appearance, they were several ■weeks or more old." 1915. a. Illingworth, J. F. — Coconut leaf -roller [Omioid-es blackburni (Bntl.)] destroved bv ants. Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc. Ill, 142. P. megacepJiala destroyed both the egg-masses and the cater- pillars of the above pest, in Palolo Valley, so successfully that no pupae resulted. The ants first cut away the under-part of the web, that protects the young caterpillars, and then pulled them out. 1915. b. Illingworth, J. F. — Xotes on the hen flea (EchinopJiaga gaJJinaccd Westw,). Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc. Ill, 252. The ants were observed removing the larvae of the fleas from the dust of the roosting-board. 1915. ]\Iuir, F. — Review of the autochthonous genera of Hawaiian Delphacidae. Proc, Haw. Ent. Soc. Ill, 180 and 203. The author attributes the absence of Delphacids from a cer- tain food-plant, that contained numerous unparasitized-eggs, but no nymphs or adults, to the numerous ants (P. megacp- phala), which swarmed over the plant. On page 203, in discussing the death factors of Delphacids, the author says: "At the present time the introduced ant {Plieidole megacephaJa) plays a very important part in the dis- tricts in which it can thrive, and it is likely it will lead to the extinction of certain species." CONTENTS OF VOL. Ill, No. 4. I^OTES AND Exhibitions: January meeting 259 February meeting 266 March meeting 268 April meeting 272 May meeting 275 June meeting 281 July meeting 282 August meeting 283 September meeting 285 October meeting 2S8 November meeting 290 December meeting 294 Illingwortii, J. F. : Regeneration in Cockroaches 266 !N"otes on Two Species of Hawaiian Diptera 270 Clerada apicicornis Sucking Blood (Col.)— 274 Webbing Clothes Moth Predaceous 274 ISTotes on Life History of Attagenus plchius (Col.).... 287 Annual Address: Economic Aspects of Our Preda- ceous Ant {Pheidole megacephala) 349 Beidwell, J. C. : ISTotes on Synagris - - 261 A ISTote on an Epyris and Its Prey -.-. 262 ]!^otes on the Thynnidae 263 E'otes on a Peregrine Bethylid - 276 /' l!^otes on Dictyoplioro'delphax mirabUis (Hem.) 279 FULLAWAY, D. T. : Description of a ISTew Species of Spalangia (Hy- men.) 292 SwEZEY,. O. H. : Types of Some Eecent Hawaiian Lepidoptera 296 MuiR, F. : 'New Hawaiian Delphacidae 298 Homopterous iN'otes - 311 GiFFARD, W. M. : Reference Tables of the Hawaiian Delphacidae and of Their Food-Plants 339 dri.ii iiiitM— r.i» Vol. III., No. 5. April, 1918. PROCEEDINGS OF THE HAWAIIAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY FOR THE YEAR 1917 I HONOLULU, HAWAII Pbice 50 Cent3 OFFICERS 1917 PRESIDENT W. R. R. POTTER VICE-PRESIDENT C. E. PEMBERTON SECRETARY-TREASURER { g; ^ ^^t^AWAY* EDITOR OF PROCEEDINGS O. H. SWEZEY MEMBERSHIP 1917 15 rid well, J. C. Br/an. W. A. Carter, G. R. Cooke, J. P. Crawford, D. L. Ehrhorn, E. M. Fullaway, D. T. Giffard, W. M. Holmes, H. lllingworth, J. F. "Koebele, A. Kuhns, D. B. Mant, C. F. Muir, F. Munro, James *Newell, Bro. Matthias Osborn, H. T. Pemberton, C. E. *Perkins, R. C. L. Potter, W. R. R. *Sharp, D. Swezey, O. H. Tenne}', E. D. Timberlake, P. H. Wilder, G. P. Willard, H. F. Williams, F. X. Honorarv members. All correspondence should be addressed to the Secretary, Hawaiian Entomological Society, Honolulu, Hawaii, from whom copies of the Pro- ceedings may be purchased. Volume I of the Proceedings, for 1905-07 (in live numbers), con- tains 210 pages, 4 plates and 5 text figures. Volume II, 1908-1912 (in fn-c numbers), contains 311 ■■ - - ])lates, 5 cuts and i portrait. Volume III, 1913-1917 (in Inc numbers), contains 509 pages, S plates and 6 cuts. Price per volume $2.00. Price of any single number, 50 cents. To till vacancy in absence of Mr. Osbon PROCEEDINGS Hawaiian Entomological Society Vol. Ill, Xo. 5. FoK THE Year 1917. April, 1918. JAXITAKY iTir, 1917. The one liinidred tliirtv-sixth iiieeting' of the Society was held in the usual place. ^Members present were : Messrs. Bridwell, Ehrhorn, Fullaway, Illingworth, Knhns, Mnir, Os- horn, Swezey and Tiniherlake. In the absence of the presi- dent and vice-])resi(lent, ^fr. ]\[nir was chosen to preside. ^linntes of previons meeting read and a])]iroved. On motion of Mr. Swezej, it was voted that a bound copy of the "Proceedings," Vols. I to III and succeeding numbers, be sent to the Trustees of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Asso- ciation. Mr. Muir suggested closing Vol, III with the next issue, and offered to prepare the index for the same. EXTOMOLOGICAI. PROGRA^r. Srleroffihbiuae. — ]\rr. Bridwell exhibited a specimen which he had captured indoors at Kainnd^i, apparently representing a new genus in this subfamily of Bethylidae. He considered that his species had probably been introduced to Hawaii from the Orient. Bemhidula spp. — Mr. Bridwell exhibited specimens and discussed certain species of this genus of wasps. 370 FEBRUARY 1st, 1017. The one hundred thirty-seventh meeting of the Society Avas held in the nsnal place, Vice-President Peniberton in the chair. Other members present: Messrs. Bridwell, Ehrhorn, Fulla- way, Illing'worth, Knhns, ]\[nir, Osborn, Swezey and Tiiuber- lake. Minntes of previous meeting read and approved. It was suggested by Mr. ]\[uir that all new cajitures l)e indexed in the ''Proceedings", Mr. Bridwell added that it would be an advantage to have all introductions on record in the "Proceedings". ENTOMOLOGICAL rEOGKA:\r. ScoUa vwnilae. — Mr. Swezey reported the collecting of 1125 females of this recently introduced wasp during the past few weeks. They were all collected in one place where they were first liberated about ten months previously in a cane field badly infested by Anomala orieutalis grubs in the planta- tion of Oahu Sugar Co. The male wasps appeared much more abundant flying about near the ground, the females being seen only when they came to feed on the blossoms of various weeds in the middle of sunny days. The wasps collected were used to distribute to other places helping in their dispersal. Pheidole incrjacepliala. — ]\Ir. Peud>erton reported liaving observed this ant pulling small fruitfly larvae out of infested cofl^ee at Kona, Hawaii. Mr. Timberlake mentioned having observed the same ant destroying the eggs of the cabbage but- terfly. Mr. Bridwell reported ants caring for Aleurodcs in South Africa. LuciUia scrricata. — Mr. Illingworth reported finding tlie larvae of this fly in the vent of a hen. On killing and exam- ining the hen these larvae were found feeding and were reared to maturity on meat. Musca domcstica. — Mr. Bridwell reported having noticed 371 large numbers of housefly maggots l^recding in potatoes in the hold of a vessel from South America. Murgantia histvonlca. — Mr. Ehrhorn reported capturing the harlequin cabbage bug in packing in furniture. Sarcophagid flies. — Mr, Timberlake exhibited specimens of five different species caught here, four of which he had deter- mined from Aklrich's recent book on this group of flies, and one species vet unnamed. He presented a table for distinguish- ing the species. Key to Separate Hawaiian Sarcophaga. BY p, II. ti:mberlake. Males Hind tibiae with a long pubescence (villous). Hvpopvgium l)lack 8. dux Thomson Hypopygium reddish. Prescutellar bristles present /S'. barhafa Thomson Prescutellar bristles absent S. hacmorrhoidcdtsYixWen Hind tibiae shortly pubescent (not villous). Epaulets pale, apical scutellar bristles absent. Hypopygium reddish S. paUine.rvls Thomson Epaulets black, apical scutellar bristles present and crossing. Hypopygium black Sarcophaga sp, Hypopygium reddish S. rohusta Aldrich Females Prescutellar bristles absent S. liaemorrhoidaUsFaWen Prescutellar bristles present. Epaulets pale, cheeks black pubescent *S'. pallinervis Thomson Epaulets black. Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc, III, No. 5, April, 1918. 372 Hypopygium reddish, at least in part. Dorsum of abdomen witli bristles along the posterior margin of the third seg- ment N. Ixtrhata Th(;nison Dorsnni of alxlomen witliont bristles the posterior margin of the third seg- ment *">'. lohnsta Aldrieh Hypopygium eoneolorons with rest of abdomen. Occiput with not more than two rows of black bristles behind the posterior cor- ners of the eyes, the second row gener- ally incomplete or irregular S. dux Thomson Occiput with three rows of black bristles behind the ])osterior corners of the eyes Sarcoplxuja s]). MAKCH 1st, 1917. The one hundred thirty-eighth meeting of the Society was held in the usual place, Vice-President Pemberton in the chair. Other members present : Messrs. Bridwell, Giifard, Illingworth, Mant, Muir, Osborn and Timberlake. Minutes of previous meeting read and approved. EXTO^roLOGICAL PKOGKAM . Kelisia pahidum. — ]\[r. ]\Inir exhibited specimens of this Delphacid from Fiji, Queensland, Java and the Philippines, and pointed out their variation in color. This is the first of the IlaAvaiian Kelisias to be recognized outside of the Hawaii- an Archipelago. KeUsia sirezeyi. — ]\Ir, Bridwell reported hnding this Del- phacid on a coarse sedge on the slope leading up to Konahna- nui. He stated that the usual habitat of the species was on bunch grass (Eragrostls variabilis) in wind-swept localities. Mr. Giffard said that this leafho])])('r was not unusual in the ree-ion of the jSTuuanu Pali. 373 Aloha sivezey'i. — INfr. Tiinl)erlake reported captiiriiii!: this ^ leafhopper on Cainpyloflwca on ^It. Tantalns. .1 )U'ir Jassid. — ^Ir. Giffard cxliil)itod specimens of a pret- ty little Jassid new to the Islands, which he had captured on ly l>inicli iirass (EragroKtis r]n-oxinuitely three days, in jilace of four to seven days as observed by Tiiley. Larra: — The newlydiatcdicd larva is at first very liulit col- ored, bnt soon darkens; there is a noticeable lighter area on the median dorsal line, which branches on the head in the form 377 of u Y. At this staae the larva is covc'i-c'd with wry long hairs, those extendiiiii- from the eanchil seuiiieiits eciualino' its entire length. The last segment terminates in a single proleg or sneker, which is nsecl effectively whenever the grul) is forced to travel over a smooth snrface, snch as glass or tin. The larvae molt in five to eight days after hatching as com- pared to Riley's fonr to nine days for this instar*. The second stage larvae molt in fonr to ten days — Riley's time fonr to seven days. The third stage is passed in five to eight days — Ililey's three to six. The fourth stage larvae molt in three to thirteen days, against Riley's three to six. The tifth instar reqnired live to eight days — Riley's live to seven days. The sixth was six to nine days — Riley's six days. Tender nornnil conditions the larvae are fnlly developed after the sixth molt and at once seek a place to pupate ; they leave the food and hore into any snbstance at hand. It is at this stage that they do damage to cork, etc., even horing into hard ]ilanks, if nothing else offers a hiding ])hu'e in which to ])upate. P)Oth their habits and strncture make it a])pear that the ])upae are preyed npon in their natural development. The last larval skin bears a transverse row of s})ines above on each of the posterior segments, as Riley has noted, and these pro- ject ontward, after the skin is shed and crowded into the opening of the pupation burrow. From onr observations there arc no indications that the pu])ae of this s})ecies are destroyed l)y the larvae, even when they are left exposed. Pupa: — The ]nipal ])ei-iod here lasts for ten to eleven days, while Riley found that this stage required fourteen days. There are similar jtockets on the dorsum of the abdomen to those that are found in Aftdf/cinis plchlns. Tn this case, however, there are only tive in ])lace of six, as found in that species, and tlio they bear chitinized edges tluy hud-: the teeth. * It was noticeable that where food was abundant, development was rapid, while a scarcity of food not only lengthened the period for each of the several instars, but, in some cases, greatly increased the numlier of molts. 378 These iiiuntlis li:i\c tlic saiiic liahit of closinii' upon any ohjcct inserted inid them. Th(> e()ni])lete larval j^eriod for the seven instars was f^nnd to require lifty days, while the life cycle, from egg' to adult, was passed in sixty-four days. This is sliohtly lonoer than Riley found fi-oui his experinitnits in the eastern Fnited States, under sunnnei- conditions. Adult: — The heetles that emerged dan. 2, 1917, are still alive and actively reproducing (April 5th, 1917). They have been kept in glass jars with screw tops and abundantly su])- plied with the dried fish. There .is no tendency to leave the food and a])])ai'ently they are well ada))ted to subsist and re- ])ro(lnce genei'ation after generation, shut away fi-om the air and absolutely without water. AXXOTATED BIBLKXiUArU Y. 18:39. AVestwood, J. O. — Tutroductiou Modern ('lassificati(m Insects. T, 157-158. Common tlii-oout Euro])e and America, Java, 15ra/.il and Chili. 1884. Walker, d. d.— Ent. Mo. Mag. IV, ICl. Said to desti'oy thick oak planks by their pupation bur- I'OWS. 1885. liiley, C. V. — Iie])t. Comm. .Vgric. V. S. i>58-lM;4. Common in old hides and later in shoes and leather goods, ])referi'ing the undi'esscd ])arts, i.e. soles, heels, etc. Ee])orts injury to hams in Arizona. Gives life histrnw as com]deted in aliout CO days. Describes and tigui'cs stages in life histoi-y. 1889. Jones, F. :\l.— Insect Life II, V>:UU. Xotes injury to goat skins from Mexico, Russia, Cape Town, Arabia and South America. 1898. Howard, L. ().— Yearbook V. S. Dept. Agric. US. Desci-ihes pupation in ])ackages of tobacco. 189(:;. HolhuKl. AV. J.— Ent. ]S^ews, 08. Records destruction of cork from S]iain. 379 New Records of Insects on Kauai BY <>. II. SWKZKV. On a recent trip to Kanai, visiting the sugar plantations, several species of insects were observed which bad not hitherto been recorded from that Island, and occasion is now taken for recording them. In most cases these immigrants have not been pnrposely taken to Kanai, their arrival there having hoen accomplished accidentally thru conmiercial means, ('rro)iiasia and Pscudugoiiafopiis being the only ones purposely introiluccd there. Cremadiis Jii/niciiiae. This Iclmeumonid was found very abundant at AVaiponli, where it was parasitizing the coconut leaf-roller, Omiodes hlacJi-hiiriti Adults were numerous, as were also the empty cocoons on the coconut leaves where the leaf-rollers had s]mn u]i after feeding. One sjx^'imen was bred from Cri/ploplilochia illcpida in a pod of Aracia fai-uc- siana at Wainiea. Psa)u>noc]iai('s lurtiiosii.^. One or two specimens of this Pompilid was]) were seen in the canetields at AYaimea. It is now very abundant on the other Islands, but had not l)een seen yet on Kanai. Pseudogonaioptis Jtospcs. This Ohinese Dryinid, parasitic on the sugarcane leaf-hopper, introduced in liMiT, had not heretofore been recovered on Kauai. It was found in cane iields at Kealia and AVaimea. Helegonatopus psinidophanes. This hyperparasite on Dry- inids was found at Waimea and Mana. Sarcopliaga hdciiiorrJioidaHs. This Sarcophagid tly was collected at Kealia, Grove Farm and Makaweli. At the latter place they were abundant on the cane in cane cars at the mill, being attracted by the juice on the cane. Atvactomovplia crciiaficeps. This grasshopper was found at Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc. HI. Xo. 5, April. 1918. 380 Waipmili. Koloa and ^Nfakawoli. This is the first record fni- it on any of the ITawaiian Tshmds except Oahn. < lii/llc/filpa africdiKi. In low land at Waimea a few hnr- rows of the mole erieket were observed in the irria,'ation ditches. By dii)s>inf>' a few nunntes a specimen of the cricket was s( cui-ed. The first record for the Islands ontside of Oahn. ('ri'oiiKisia splu'iioplidri. In a coconnt ii'rove at Wai])oiili, (piitc a nnnd)er of the coconut leaves had the horino-s of the snitar cane horer ( n/iahdornciiiis ohscHra) in the bases of the ])etioles. Tn some of these the borer grubs themselves were fonnd ; in others were borer cocoons with pnparia of the import- ed XcAv Gninea Tachinid ; and some l)orcr larvae were found having the maggots of the Tachinid. This is the tirst record in the Islands of this fly attacking the borer larvae in any other plant than sugar cane. Note on Occurrence of an Endemic Itonidid on Oahu. BY P. 11. TIMP.KRLAKE. On March 4 the writer captured a female Itonidid ovipos- iting in the terminal bud of Pelca dusiaefolia on Mt. Kaala, Oahu, at an elevation of about i^">00 feet. Only three species of Itonidids have been recorded from the Hawaiian Islands and all these are introduced forms of the lowlands (Swezey, I'roc. Haw. Ent. Soc. vol. 1, ]>. 7l*)- One or two other species of this class have l)een observed more recently. Xo endemic s])eci(s have been taken hithertofore, or none at least have been ])laced on record. Note on Rearing of a Native Carabid Larva. I'.v 1". II. I'lM i;i;i;i.AKi:. A larva of JMetroincniin paliiKic (Blackburn) was captured hiding at the Itases of terminal leaves of F rciirhuiht on t\\e west side of Kalihi Valley, Oahn, on Marcli 11. at alnnit 1200 Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc, III. No.. 5, April, 1918. 381 feet elevation. Tliis larva was brought home alive aiul molted a few days later, linally pupating on ]Mareh 27 and issuing as adult on April 3rd. It was fed on small partially crushed or stunned Diptera, mostl}' Drosophilids, but probably would have accepted other insect food if it had been offered. The beetle assumed a blackish brown coloration within 24 hours after emergence, but up to the present (x\pril 5) it still presents an immature appearance. The larva was of the usual Carabid type. At least two other species of Metromcnus captured on ^larch 4th hiding in moss on trees on Mt. Kaala were exhib- ited, these having been kept alive by feeding them with small Diptera. Note on the Non-Identity of a Common Hawaiian Jassid with Nesosteles hebe Kirkaldy of Fiji. Kirkaldy in 1J)10 (Fauna Hawaiicnsis, vol. 2, pt. G, p. 574) identified one of the common grass-inhabiting Jassids of the Hawaiian Islands as Nesosteles liehe which he had de- scribed in 1906 (Ent. Bull. 1, H. S. P. A., p. 343) from Fiji. Recently the writer took occasion to examine the male geni- talia of specimens from Fiji and found that there were good specific differences between them and the genitalia of Hawaiian specimens. The dorsal plate or valve of the genitalia in both species is produced into a strong hook on each side. In the Hawaiian species the hook is simple but in liehe it is armed at the base with three or four small but distinct spurs. The aedeagus also presents some differences. Kirkaldy called atten- tion to a small difference in the coloration, and thought that the Hawaiian specimens might possibly be distinguished as a variety, for which he proposed the name Jiospes. This name must be elevated to specific rank for our local form. Kirkaldy also identified an Australian insect as ]ieJ)e, but this has en- tirely different genitalia. Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc, III, \o. 5, April, 1918. 382 MAY ;]ed, 1917. The one hundred fortieth meeting of the Society Avas hehl in the usual place, Vice-President Pemberton in the chair. Other members present: Messrs. Bridwell, Ehrhorn, Fulla- way, Illingnvorth, Kuhns, Osborn and Swezey. ]Minutes of previous meeting read and approved. ]\Ir. Bridwell presented the name of ]\lr. H. F. Willard for active membership in the Society. Carpopliihis Inniirralis. — Air. Tllingworth reported finding this Xitidnlid beetle attacking the ears of field corn in the field, while yet in the milk. PluteUa maculipennis. — Mr. Swezey exhibited specimens of this moth reared from leaves of Capparis sandtvichensis near Diamond Head, April 16, 1917. The larvae were found feeding singly between the new folded-together leaves, the margins being nicely fastened with silk. Eight moths were reared, also two Limnerium polynesiale, an Tchneumonid para- site. The moths were paler than the usual P. maculipennis reared from cabbage. It was expected, when the larvae were collected, that they would turn out to be the same as the P. alhovenosa. bred by Mr. Bridwell from larvae in the pods of Capparis collected by him Dec. 11, 1916, on the coral plain south of Ewa Mill. Further observations are desirable to de- termine whether these moths breeding on Capparis are distinct species or varieties of P. viaculipennis. Omiodes bJacl-hurni. — ~Sh\ Illingworth re])orted finding the larvae of this moth recently abundant on the ])alm Pi-ifrJiardia pacifica in Honolulu. Cnjpiorliynchus sp. — Mr. Fullaway exhibited the larva and ])U])a of a weevil from rotten wood, — the same weevil exhibited by Mr. Ehrhorn at the previous meeting. 383 Strum iyoius lowesii? — ]\Ir. Bridwell exhibited three speci- mens of a peculiar new ant taken in rotten wood in Palolo Valley, where he had fonnd a colonv. lie also exhibited a larc'e nnniljer of specimens of the ant, Tetramoriinn (juiiiense, from specimens of the peat fonnd on Washing-ton Island. Scoparia dactyJlopa and S. hucolica. — Mr. Bridwell report- ed having reared two moths of the former and one of the latter species from larvae found in moss on Mt. Kaala. Mestolohes n. sp.^ — Mr. Bridwell exhibited this moth, reared bv ^Ir. Timberlake from a larva in moss on Mt. Kaala. Annadillo alhospinosus. — ]\Ir. Bridwell reported this sow- bng abimdant in moss on trees on ]\It. Kaala. Sarcupluiga rohusta. — Mr. Illingworth reported this fly breeding in meat. It is a very large species, not previously reported as occurring here. Specimens had recently been de- termined by IMr. Timberlake by the nse of Aldrich's book on Sarcophaga flies. Ci'oridosona haitaiia. — ]\rr. Swezey exhibited a moth reared l)y ^Ir. Illingworth from the yonng shoots of Tccoma xtans at the College of Hawaii, which is apparently this species, bnt nioi-e material is needed to definitelv confirm it. JUXE Txir, 1917. The one hundred forty-first meeting of the Society was held in the usual place with President Potter in the chair. Other members present : Messrs. Bridwell, Ehrhorn, Oshorn, Pemberton, Swezey and Willard. Minutes of previous meeting read and approved. ]\rr. II. F. "Willard was elected to active membership. ento:n[ological peogeam. Oil la PsyIUds."—MY. Swezey exhibited four different spe- * Published in the Hawaiian Planters' Record, Vol. XVII, pp. 174- 183, 1917- 384 eies of Psyllids, and iiiaterial showiiiii' their \\ov\i on leaves of the ohia tree, and reported briefly on a few days' investigation of these and other insects of the ohia forest in the Kohala Mountains, Hawaii. Baeus sp. — A s])eeinicn exhil)ite(l l)y ^fr. Eridwell, taken by him in Palolo Valley. GJi//)fo(/(i.sfr(i as]i)n('ti(li. — ]\Ir. liridwcll exhibited fonr speci- mens of this Ichnennionid, taken l)y liim in Palolo Ti-ater, Kalihi liidge and Lanihnli Eidge. Dutch ns (tiirdiii.'i. — ^Ir. Eridwell exhibited specimens of this Chrysomelid from Palolo Valley. PIa(ji(lnin/siis (tciiiiiinatiis. — ^Ir. iiridwell exhibited a speci- men of this beetle collected ^lay -'h-d, by Mr. Forbes in Wai- Ini^e Valley, on Sdpindus oalinensis. ScoJytid in palm seeds. — Mr. Eridwell exhibited specimens of a Scolytid beetle which he had found attacking palm seeds on the ground at the Queen's Hospital, in April. Mifcs on pohitocs. — ]\lr. Eridwell stated that ^Ir. Car- penter, the Pathologist at the Federal Experiment Station, had called his attention to a diseased condition of potato vines apparently caused by a peculiar species of mite. Mango blight. — Mr. Ehrhorn reported that dusting mango trees with powdered sulphur was very successful in checking the blight which causes the blossoms to blight and fall off. Acgosoina trflc.vnni. — Mr. Swezey exhibited a specimen of this Prionid beetle reared from a pupa found by him in a dead ohia tree in the Kohala ^Mountains. ^Ir. Ehrh(n-n related the digging u]) of a Prionid larva from a root 25 feet under ground in the Santa Clara Valley, California. Trimera larerta. — ]\Ir. Eridwell called attention to the scarcity of this dragonfly, which in Dr. Perkins' time was evi- dently as abundant as the other two species: Pantala flarrs- ccns and Ana.v jnniiis. It is ])ossibly retreating before the more successftd related species. 385 Notes on the Entomology of Hawawiian Euphorhia with the Description of a New Didijoplioi-odcJphdx (Jloniojiferd. Delpliacidac). , BY JOIIX COLBURX BIMDWELL. II' The eii(kiiiie llaAvaiiau species of Ewplwrhla form a nat- ural group of closely related species, either shrubs or small trees, ranging from the arid regions of the coastal belt to some of the rainy ridges more than two thousand feet in elevation, most conmionly growing on the dry ends of the lateral ridges at the outer limit of native vegetation. They support a diver- sified insect fauna which has as yet been very imperfectly studied. Some beginning has been made upon this work on Oahu but on the other islands the E uphorbiariimnR is practi- cally unknown. These notes refer to Oahu only. At least one and proliably two or three species of Profcrlii- nils feed in the larval condition in the wood of recently dead stems and on reaching uuiturity emerge and live for a time on the foliage on E. liUlchrandl on the lateral ridge leading out to the eastward from ]Mt. Kaala in the Waianae range, on E. clusiaefoJia on Kaumuohona ridge in the Koolau range, and on E. multiformis on the Ewa ridge bounding Kalihi valley in the same range, ^Ir. Swezey has found the Phijcitid moths Geiioph-antis io- doni and G. lealii, attacking the foliage of Eupltorhia, the for- mer in the mountains, the latter in the lowlands. .V number of lletei'optera of the families Curcidae, Lygaei- dae, and Miridae have been taken on Euplwrhia but have not yet been worked up systematically nor has their biology been studied sufficiently to be sure they are really attached to these plants. One species of the Cicadellid (Jassid) genus Neso- plirosyne has been taken attached to Euphorhia hiUebrandi on the Kaala ridge and another upon what is considered by ]Mr. C X. Forbes as a form of E. m uUiformis growing on the Ewa coral plain near Sisal, a few feet above sea level. The Del- Proc. Maw. Ent. Soc, III, Xo. 5, April, 1918. 386 pliacld,- Aloha kirkdJdyl. is attaelied to E. liiUchidHdl growiiiu- on the same ridge of Kaala before referred to. Another Eu- pJiorbia insect and one of the most interesting" of onr endemic insects is the hizarre DeJpliticld. Dldyuphoiodelpliax ynlrahiJls Swezey, which the writer had the ])leasure of rehiting to its foodphmt Euphorbia chtsiacfoJla in lt»l(i and hiter with ^Ir. Timberlake and Mr. Swezev of finding it attached on ]\It. Kaala to E. hUlehmndi some twenty-five miles in an aii'line from its original habitat in the other range of monntains. On May 6, 1917, while collecting in Wailnpe in the southeastern Koolan ^[oimtains in company with ]\[r. Swezey after clim1)ing ont of the valley at the end of the nu(hlle ridge dividing the two main branches of the valley at an elevation of about twelvp or fifteen hundred feet we came upon some bushes of a Eu phovhla determined for me by Mr. Forbes as E. relasfroidcf Upon sweeping these Imshes I secured four specimens of a DictyophorodelpJia.r and when I informed jMr. Swezey of my find, he secured two adults and a single nymph. Upon com- parison of these specimens with D. mimhilis it became evident that we had discovered a second species of this peculiar en- demic genus of Delphacldac. It will be interesting to learn if other species occur attached to other species of Euphorbia upon the other islands. ^' Dirtyophovodelphax swczeyl n. sp. Total length, 6 mm. ; length of the prolongation of the head in front of the eyes, 2.5 mm. Closely resembling D. mirabilis Swezey but smaller and darker; the prolongation of the head relatively shorter, more slender and tapering, not bent downward apically but with a slight upward curve ; tegmina proportionally a little longer but not reaching the apex of the abdomen. $ Genital styles blunt at the apex, only slightly curved, not pro- longed into an acute curved tooth, apical slender portion of aedeagus nearly in a straight line with the thicker basal portion. Nymph. The nymphs may be readily distinguished from those of D. mirabilis by the much darker coloration and the less prolonged head in corresponding instars. *This description supplied just before the MS. for this num1)er of the Proceedings went to press. — [Ed.] 387 Described from 3 6 S , l^ 5 9, and 1 nynipli, Waihipe, May G, 1917 (J. C. Bridwell and O. 11. Swezey) ; and 15 S 5, 14 9 $ , and 12 nymphs, collected on Euphorbia cdastroidcs, Xin, Feb. 10, 1918 (O. H. Swezey and P. H. Timberlake). These localities are adjacent in the sontheastern Koolan Moun- tains, Oahn, Hawaiian Islands. Type $ and 9 and paratypes in the Eernice Panahi Bishop Mnsenm, paratypes in the collection of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Experiment Station, and in the ])rivate col- lections of J. C. Bridwell, O. H. Swezey, and P. H. Timber- lake. Xamed in appreciation of Mr. O. H. Swezey, who first dis- covered and described the genus, for his extensive and success- ful work in advancing our knowledge of the biology of Ha- waiian insects. XoTi:. — The writer had hoped to have the species de- scribed l)y Mr. Frederick Muir, but his departure to take up war service in England prevented this and in default of some one more familiar with the group has described the species to place on record this interesting addition to our fauna. JULY 6th, 1917. The one hundred forty-second meeting of the Society was held in the usual place, Vice-President Peml)erton in the chair. Other members present: Messrs. Bridwell, Ehrhorn, Xewell, Osborn and Swezey. Minutes of previous meeting read and approved. ENTO^rOLOGICAL PROGRAM. Mr. Ehrhorn discussed the confusion which is apt to occur regarding the injury to plants. For example: he had noticed African daisies attacked by some kind of blight, the cause of 388 which was not determined. The injury had heen checked l)y dusting powdered sulphur on the plants. Subsequent observa- tion had shown the infected areas to be covered with mites, but it was uncertain Avhether they were the original cause of the injury. Proterliiiiiis on Hihiscadelphus. — Mr. Swezey exhibited 15 specimens of Frolerhinus beetles collected by him in dead twigs of the lone Ilibiscadelphus Giffardianus tree in the ''Kipuka" known as the Bird Park at Kilauea, Hawaii, June 27, 1917. It is probably a new species, as no Proterliinus has previously been collected from that species of tree. Cis sp. — A large series of Cis were also taken from dead twigs of the above tree by Mr. Swezey. Ephedla ehdella. — Mr. Pemberton exhibited specimens of this moth bred from corn meal and peanut candy. Calaiidra ronota. — Mr. Bridwell exhibited specimens of this weevil found by him in banana plants in Pauoa Valley. The larvae were found feeding in the bases of banana stems where there was a great deal of juice, and might be considered as practically aqm;tic. This is the first record of the larval habitat. Ceramhyckl in papaia. — Mr. Bridwell exhibited a specimen of a Cerambycid beetle of which he had reared three from dead leaf stems of papaia that were still attached to the tree. It had not previously been observed here. Nesidlorcliestes hawaiiensis. — Specimens of this bug Avere exhibited by Mr, Bridwell, who had collected them from dry leaves and trash. Since the publication of the Fauna Hawaii- ensis few specimens have been collected or noted. Acanlliid sp. — Mr. Bridwell exhibited a series of two spe- cies of this genus of bugs, collected by him in wet moss along the stream in Palolo Valley. ISTymphs were also found there. / KcVishi sirczcyi. — ]\lr. Bridwell re])()rted tlie findiug of Ijotli 389 long and short winged forms of this Delphacid. The long winged form is rare, this probably being the first record for it, Rhynror/onus I'ochelei. — Mr, Bridwell reported collecting this weevil in Palolo Valley. Proterhimts maurus. — Mr. Bridwell exhibited specimens of this very large Proterhinid beetle collected by him from a va- riety of Suttonla Icsserfiaua having very large leaves clustered at the ends of rather thick twigs. The adult beetles feed in the axils of the leaves, and the larvae feed in the pith of the newly dead twigs. Other collectors of this beetle had collected it only from this form of Suftonia. The type specimen was 5 mm. long, the average being about 3 mm., but Mr. Bridwell col- lected one specimen 9 mm. long which is undoubtedly the larg- est Proterhinus ever collected. Insects on ti. — Mr. Bridwell stated that heretofore he had found this plant very free from insects, but on June 28th he had found both Cis and Proterhinus on dead ti and ieie leaves on the ground in a ravine on the Pali road on windward Oahu. Delphacid on- Baumea. — Mr. Bridwell reported collecting one specimen of an unknown Delphacid on the large sedge Baumea. AUGUST 2xD, 1917. The one hundred forty-third meeting of the Society was held in the entomological laboratory of the new building of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Experiment Station, Vice-Presi- dent Pemberton in the chair. Other members present : Messrs. Bridwell, Ehrhorn, Fullaway, Kuhns, Muir, Swezey, Timber- lake, and Willard, and Mr. D. L. Crawford, visitor. In the absence of the Secretary, Mr. Swezey was appointed Secretary pro tern. ^[inutes of the previous meeting read and approved. 390 ^h\ Swczcy ])r()]i(>s('(l tlic iiaiiie of Mr. 1). L. Crawford for active iiu'iul)orsliip. K .\ T( ) M ( ) LOGICAT, VMOd ll\yi . (loniori/clc.s li-odc and CdJlifJiiit i/siis sp. — These two beetles exhibited b_v Mr. Jiridwell. lie liad collected them recently on Mt. Ivaala. The ('(lUltlimijsHS was a very large species and was taken on Broiissaisia. It was recognized by Mr, Swezey as the same species of which he had taken a s])ecimen on oliia last year on Mt. Kaala. CarahicL — ^\y. Jlridwell reported having taken more speci- mens of a moss-inhabiting species ])revionsly collected by him on ]\It. Kaala. NcHOsydiic s])ecies has not yet lu'cn d(>termined. 391 KcUsia sirczci/i. — Reported bv ]Mr. Bridwell fvdin the lower slope of ]\rt. Kaala. The lirst reein-d of this I)el])liacid from the Waiaiiae ^loniitaiiis. Fofafu mite. — Air. Jjrichvell reported that Mr. Carpenter of the Agricultural Experiment Station had found that sulphnr dnsted onto potato plants was quite successful in combating this pest. Notes on the Habits of Brosconymus optatus Sharp (Carabidae). BV J. ('. BKIDWKLI.. The genera Dci-ohroscus and Biosronynius were descril)ed''^ from eight specimens collected by Dr. Perkins in the moun- tains of Oahu and 1 have been unable to find any records of their having been taken since. Upon two occasions while in company with ^h\ Timberlake it has been my good fortune to take what I take to be Brosconymus optatus in considerable numbers. The locality in which it Avas found is somewhat out of the range of Dr. Perkins' collecting grounds. The trail which leads u]) from Leilchmi to the summit of ]\fount Kaala in the Waianae ^Mountains ascends a lateral spur at right angles to the main ridge, the initial sharp ascent ending at aliout :^.")()0 feet in elevation and for a mile or more the ascent is much more gradual, the ridge joining the main mass of the mountain at about ^5500 feet. Along this ridge the ohia lehua (Metrosideros pohjmorpha) trees have their trunks covered with mosses and on their branches from six to eight feet from the ground are mats of moss of several species but principally of two species, one pale green, erect and densely matted together, the orlier dark green, branched and in loose mats. While Brosronijinus was occasionally found among the Sharp, Fauna Hawaiiensis 3:197-9 and 290, 1903. Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc, III, No. S, April, 1918. 392 mosses on the fniuks of the trees, their usual and apparently proper habitat seemed to he on the moss-mats on the branches, for here were to be fdund both larvae and pupae. These moss-mats furnish food for a number of lepi(lo])ter- ous larvae, among them Scoparia hncol'ica and Scoparia dac- tyliopa and a new and as yet undescribed species of Mestolohes. Other lepidopterous larvae also shelter themselves in these mats either in intervals of feedino- or for moulting and pupation. It is probal)l(» that these form the major part of the food of these beetles and their larvae. Adults showed surprising hardiness upon being brought down into th(^ summer temperatures of the coast region, re- maining alive with but little attention from late July mitil the end of Septendx'r in moss enclosed in a tightly covered tumbler, devouring ant larvae and pupae placed with them. The pupae lironght down, however, were not very successful in completing their transformation. Brosconymus optaius is described as lacking prothoracic setae and this is true of a few of the individuals taken, luit the great majority of about a hmidr(Kl taken have a seta on the posterior angles. In this connection it is perhaps worth while to record taking several individuals at various times of the closely re- lated Derohrosciiii politus from the ty])e locality on Lanihuli Ridge in the Koolau Mountains and from the parallel ridges bounding the adjacent Kalihi and ISTnuanu valleys. Part of these were taken in small moss-mats and others in small cavi- ties in low dead trees. 393 Notes on Hawaiian Prosopidae, BY D. T. FI'LLAWAY. These notes are based upon an examination of the large col- lection of bees belonging to Mr. AV. M. Giffard, who, as is well known, has been an indefatigal)le collector of insects for years, paying special attention in his collecting to the Aculeate Hy- menoptera. Of the (50 described species and varieties of native bees, 49 are represented in the collection, most of them by line series. Oahn forms are complete, only two are missing ont of the large nninl)er fonnd on the island of Hawaii, with ^Mani and Kanai not so well represented. The principal resnlt of this examination has been the accnmnlation of data on distribn- tion and variability which tends to weaken the value of certain species in groups of closely related forms. Owing to the con- tradictory nature of some of the evidence, however, it is con- sidered inadvisable to go further than to point out certain well nurrked duplications. An attempt has also been made, with some success, to match up forms represented by but one sex. Xovelties, at this date, were hardly expected, but a few have turned up, notably the nnich-sought male of nigulosa. Alto- gether, it is believed considerable is added to our knowledge of the bees. Acknowledgment is gratefully made of help received from Dr. E. 0. L. Perkins. SoiPT-EX — loc. rec. Ililea, Kan, many specimens. Honu- apo, 2. Kilauea-llonuapo auto road, 1. Laeta — loc. rec. Hawaii, Kan lava flows, many. Kilauea, several. KoxA — lor. rec. Kilauea and Kau. Xot common. liuGULosA — Two s])ecimens, taken on different occasions, are referred to this. Both bear tags in Dr. Perkins' handwrit- ing indicating their peculiarity but without attaching a name. The type of rur/ulom is not available but these specimens ap- Proc. Haw. Ent. See, III, Xo. 5, April. 1918. 394 proacb the description closely. A peculiar niiiqiie is believed to he the S . Tt is described as follows: Male black, only tlie anterior face of the front tibiae, as usual, and the front tarsi a dull orange yellow, and the flagellum of the antennae dull reddish beneath. Face a trifle broader than long, not convex longi- tudinally, moderately emarginate l)eliin(l, dull, front roughly rugulose, fairly closely 1)ut not deeply punctate, clotlied with pale hairs, smoother alongside the antcnnal fossae, where tlicre is a well marked depression, the clypeus with rather large punctures towards the apex, cheeks very short, the base of the mandibles nearly touching the eye, the supraclypeal plate wide and short, the anterior margin nearly twice as long as tlie lateral, antenna! scape strongly dilated though evidently longer than wide, posterior margin strongly curved, anterior margin straight, punctate above, arched beneath. Mesonotum and scutellum dull but not exces- sively so, and even with a faint sheen in certain lights, the former with a microscopically t"ine surface sculpture and shallowly thoual: fairly closely punctate, the latter somewhat more deeply and closely pitted and both clothed with pale silvery hairs. Propodeum rugose, the anterior area with an irregular network of wrinkles extending to the brow. Abdomen more or less dull, the wings of the "th ventral segment rather wide as in assiiiiulniis and tlie process of tlie 8th ventral segment ex- panded at the liend, tlie upper arm fairly long with a fringe of long hairs above and bifurcated outwardly somewliat as in coniccf^s. Wings clear. ViciXA — riciiia. Iroar and conncclcns a])])ear to l)e closely related forms. Is there not uronnd for considerinii' only (mv species present ^ The complex has a representative on each isl- and in the gronp. Kanai, Oahn, ]\Iolokai and Mani examples are brighter than the Hawaii ones, bnt the genitalia are nni- forni thronghoiit, confirming the closoiu'ss of the rdiitioiishi]). It is impossible to separate l-oac and riciiia for instance on tli;' presence or absence of yellow markings on the snpracly])ea! plate and hind tihiac when Kanai examples resemble th:' Ha- waii ones, with OmIiu, ^[olokai and ]\[ani examples different. Umca — iniir((. ]((fir('j).s and Irduaiciisis form anothei' com- ])lex simihir to the ])re('eding. X K( ; l.K( 'TA ll('(/l('cf(l:=^]l (l]('(ll-((J(l('. (\)MKS — bears a strong resend>lance to coniccps. I have not material to conijiare the genitalia. CoNK'iiPs — A common form at Kilanea. As the descri])- 395 tion ill the Fauna is very meagre in details, I re(:leseril)e it l)elow : ^ l)lack, the clypeus however with the exception of ;i narrow strip along the anterior margin and a wider area along the lateral and poste- rior margins, also somewhat produced triangular markings laterally out- side the clypeus, the anterior tibiae in front and the posterior ones nar- rowly at the base yellow ; tarsi reddish brown. Dull, the head emargi- nate behind, the face fairly wide, closely and rather deeply punctate above tlie antennae, with a ver\' evident plaga immediately behind the antennae, supraclypeal plate a little wider than long, cheeks extremely short, scape of antennae dilated but nearly twice as long as wide, hind margin somewhat curved, anterior margin almost straight, arched beneath. ]\Iesoscutum and scutellum rugulose, shallowly and not too closely punc- tate, propodeum finely rugose and wrinkled anteriorly. Wings somewhat infuscate. Abdomen brighter than the head and thorax but hardly shin- ing, the wings of the Jth ventral segment narrow, short and slender, process of the 8th ventral segment short and slightly curved, greatly expanded above, the expansion fringed with long hairs ; the bifurcations also expanded with the surfaces clothed and the edges fringed with fairly long hairs. Deseril)C(l fr^m a s])ecinieii authenticated l\v Dr. Perkins. 9 referred to tliis ^ black throughout and brighter than the $ , shining. Head deeply emarginate, closely and deeply punctate above the antennae, the punctures rather coarse, becoming finer near the center, supraclypeal plate short and wide, clypeus rugulose, shallowly but not finely punctate, mesoscutum and scutellum finely rugulose, evenly and closely punctate, the punctures sparser on the latter. Propodeum finely rugose and wrinkled anteriorly. Abdomen fairly smooth and shining. Wings infuscate with pronounced bluish reflections. DrMKTOia'M — eomnion at Kihmea. Spi-XTT.Ains — considered the 9 of Jioncocluoiiui on the strength of their similarity and having" been taken together on several occasions. DiMiDiATA — 2 S 6 and 1 5 specimens taken at Kahnkn, Kan, are referred to this. These forms are certainly rightly associated, but the 9 does not conform to the description in Fauna Hawaiiensis, and it is believed the original association was wrong. The Kahnkn specimen is described as follows : Female black with two yellow lateral spots, an interrupted thin yellow line on prothorax posteriorly, yellow tubercles and the base of the front and middle tibiae narrowly and the hind tibiae rather widely yellow banded. Head wide and of moderate length, fairly thick, emarginate be- 396 hind and slightly convex longitudinally, the face dull, microscopically rugulose and shallowly and remotely punctate on the front. Mesonotum and scutellum dull l)ut with a faint sheen, microscopically fine surface sculpture, the former very shallowly and remotely punctate, the latter shallowly but more closely punctate, the punctuation inconspicuous in both cases. Propodeum microscopically rugose with a few short longi- tudinal wrinkles at the anterior margin. Abdomen a little brighter than the thorax, especially the ist segment. Wings clear. Blackiu-rxi — lor. rcc. coast of Lanai, 2 9 9. Longici-:ps — lor. rcc. Makapnii. Oalni, 1 $ ?> 9 9. Lanai specimens ^vitll yellow spot on labvinn. Oaliu $ with yllow spot near apex of scape. Obscukata — loc. rcc. Kawailiae, Koliala, -3 5 5,1 9 . Kilanea, 2 5 5. Yi.x\-\v\'.^^^)Jacl-hnrm. Loc. rcc. Honnapo, iriloa, Kau, many specimens. HiLAKis — loc. rcc. ]\[olokai, one specimen. Satelt.es — loc. rcc. lao Valley, ]\rani, 1 9 . FiEicr^r — occasionally with an interrnpted yellow line on prothorax. The followins; descriptions are to amplify and complete those in Fanna Hawaii ensis. Ne.wprosopis riciiui. $ black, the clypcus however with the exception of a narrow strip along the anterior and lateral margins, the anterior part of the supra- clypeal plate, anterior tibiae in front and posterior tibiae narrowly at the base yellow. Face fairly long. dull, finely rugulose. closely and rather shallowly punctate above antennae, supraclypeal plate a trifle wider than long — to antennal fossae, cheeks rather short, antennal scape dilated but much longer than wide, posterior margin curved, anterior almost straight, strongly arched beneath. Thorax dull throughout, mesoscutum finely rugulose, closely and finely punctate, scutellum closely and shallowly punctate, the punctures larger, clothed with grayish hairs, propodeum rugulose, with longitudinal wrinkles anteriorly extending almost to the brow. Abdomen shining throughout, with dark hairs at the tip. Wings clear. Wings of /th ventral segment not very wide nor long, the process of the 8th ventral segment much expanded in the upper arm. bearing long hairs outwardly, tlic bifurcations also expanded and very hairy. 397 9 black throughout, head and thorax and the abdomen except at the posterior margin of the segments, dull. Head emarginate behind, clothed with pale hairs, closely and finely punctate above the antennae, clypeus also punctate and a trifle convex, supraclypeal plate short and wide, mesoscutum closely and finely punctate, scutellum finely punctate but not so closely, propodeum with rather short longitudinal wrinkles. Wings clear. N. f lav! pes. (5 with the whole face below the antennae yellow, the marking- being continued up the side of the face along the eye margin as a broad vitta, often a yellow spot on the scape outwardly and the labrum and prothoracic tubercle yellow, all the tibiae and tarsi likewise yellow, the middle and anterior tibiae however with a black spot behind and the posterior tibiae incompletely banded with black. Face longer than wide, not at all convex, the cheeks between the eyes and mandibles short, scape of antennae hardly dilated, more than twice as long as wide, gently arched beneath, the supraclypeal plate not much longer than wide, head above the antennae hardly shining but not altogether dull, rather coarsely rugulose and fairly closely, irregularly, shallowly and not too finely punctate. Mesoscutum and scutellum dull, probably more so than the head, mesoscutum with the surface finely rugulose and rather regu- larly, closely shallowly and finely punctate, scutellum a little more shin- ing, the punctures of larger diameter and not so regular. Propodeum rugose with a few rather long wrinkles at anterior end. Abdomen not so dull as the thorax, finely rugulose, the ist segment especially smooth. Wings slightly infuscate. Wings of the 7th ventral segment narrow and short, the process of the 8th ventral segment expanded at the flexure, the bifurcations turned upward. 5 entirely black, only the front of the anterior tibiae and the under side of the flagellum reddish yellow, shining but not highly polished, sculpture of the head distinct, the punctures large but shallow, the punc- tuation of the mesoscutum and scutellum regular, close and fine, the punctures a trifle larger on the scutellum and not so close together, propodeum rugose and much wrinkled anteriorly, abdomen fairly smooth. Wings clear. i\^. anoniola. $ black, the face marked with yellow on the clypeus anteriorly and (sometimes) on the supraclypeal plate, also two fairly wide yellow vittae along the orbital margin extending beyond the antennae, the mandibles also bear yellow markings, the antennal scape is orange red as is also the under side of the flagellum, there is a complete thin yellow line on the prothorax, the legs also are orange red with the exception of the coxae and sometimes with fuscous markings, and abdominal segments i. 2 and 3 (sometimes) are orange red at the base. Head and thorax dull, the abdomen shining, head wider than long, closely and rather coarsely punc- tate above the antennae, supraclypeal plate with the anterior margin about as long as the lateral, the clypeus shallowly punctate bearing pale setae, the antennal scape is somewhat expanded, almost straight in front but well curved behind and arched beneath, mesoscutum and scutellum 398 closely, shallowly punctate, propodeum short, rugose, irregularly wrinkled in front, the entire thorax with a heavy clothing of pale brown to ciner- ous hairs, abdomen with a delicate surface sculpture and finely, shallowly punctured and hairy, the punctures on the ist segment sparse, the hairs more thickly set towards apex. Wings clear. The genitalia are not much different from those of sctosifrons, its ally. SEPTE^IBER c.Tii, 1017. The one hundred forty-fonrth nieetin_<>' of the Society was held in the usual place, President Potter in the chair. Other nienibei's present: Messrs. Bridwell, Ehrhorn, Fullaway. ]\[uir aiul Timherlakc. ]\Iinutes of jirevious meeting- read and approved. ]\Ir. 1). [.. Crawford was elected to active membership. EXTOMOLOGICAL PKOGRAM. Jlrferospihis prosopidis. — This Braconid was reported by ]\Ir. Bridwell, he having recovered it by sweeping in Kapiolani Park, Honolulu. It was introduced as a Bruchid parasite ])y Mr. Fullaway in 1010, and had not yet been known to have become established. Bnichus prw//(nM/5. — Mr. Bridwell reported the capture of this Bruchid in Kapiolani Park, being the first record of its occurrence in the Islands. Anfhicicl. — Mr. Bridwell reported collecting a strange beetle with enlarged femora in Kapiolani Park, which is probably an Anthicid. AlphUohius dlapei'inns. — A large nmnber of these beetles found in a fallen mynah bird's nest by IVfr. Bridwell. Nesosydne iiephrolepidi.s. — The capture of this Delphacid in the Koolau Range back of Honolulu, reported by Mr. Bridwell. Nesosydne tnnherlal-ci. — ]\[r. ]\ruir reported the capture of a male specimen of this Delphacid on Cijanca tnincaia near Waiahole tunnel, August 2C)th. Apterocyclus sp. — Mr, Bridwell reported that Mr. Forbes, 399 the botanist at the Bishop jMiiseum, on a recent collecting tonr on Kauai, had collected a nnniber of dead specimens of this rare Lncanid beetle. Pycnophion fuscipcnnix. — Mr. Bridwell also reported that Mr. Forbes collected this Ophionid on Kanai. Megachile palmarum. — Mr. Timberlake reported that in examining- collections of this bee he had separated ont some which are of a different species, hitherto not recognized. This makes the fonrth species of Megachile known here. Some spec- imens of it bore date of 15)02 ; and Avere c(^llected at the Gov- ernment I^ursery. Alphifohius s]). — Mr. Fullaway exhibited specimens of a Tenebrionid beetle near to this genns, collected bv J\lr. P]hr- horn in destroying a nest of the fire ant on the waterfront. Ilormiopterns sp. — ^Ir. Fullaway exhibited specimens of this and another Braconid near Euhadizon which had been in the collections a lone" time without notice. Notes on Some of the Immigrant Parasitic Hymenoptera of the Hawaiian Islands. BY 1'. 11. TI.MBERLAKK. During a recent visit in Washington, D. C, the writer com- pared certain of our introduced or immigrant parasitic Hymen- optera with types or other specimens in the U. S. jSTational Museum. The comparisons in some cases continued previous determinations, but brought to light errors of identiiication in other cases. The writer's thanks are due to Mr. A. B, Gahan for aid in the dt^termination of several species. Ichneumonidae. Exoclnis fe mural is (Fourcroy). A feuuile from Honolulu (Oct. IG, 1910) was found identical with a female from Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc. III. No. 5. April. 1918. 400 Blaiikeiibiii-ii-, Tliiiriniivn, Gennaiiy, except for a slight ditfer- eiiee in the (lei>Tee of iiifnseatioii of the head llcmlicU'x Iriirllus (Say). Ashuiead divided our Hemi- tf'h\s aiiioiiii- three so-ealled species, namely tencUiis (Say), raricf/afiis Ashniead and inHifaeac Ashniead. Ever since the writer l)ecanie acquainted with the character of the Hawaiian fanna he had been skeptical al)<)ut these determinations. It seemed improbable, to say the least, that three closely allied species should become established here, and moreover all the material that was extant in th(>- local collections Avas clearly referable to a single species. A study of the Hemifelcs in the Xational Museum showed that the following described forms are extremely alike and might well belong to a single species, although showing some variations in size and coloration. The list includes Iciu'lhis (Say), ufiJis Xorton, and the following all described by Ashniead: nielUacae. rariegatus, colcopliorac. orgyiae and pcrllifi. the last two under Otacusfes. Although there may be more than one species included here it would ho hopeless to attempt to distinguish more than one by means of any descriptions so far published, and until the genus receives a thorough revision at the hands of a competent specialist, the Avriter recommends that the earliest American name, or fencUus (Say), be used for our Hawaiian ])arasite. In his work on the Hymenoptera of Connecticut, Viereck goes one step fur- ther and makes tendlus a variety or subspecies of the European areator (Panzer). This parasite has been reared frequently in the Islands from the cocoons of Chnjsopa mlrvoplnja ^fc- Lachlan. It is probably distributed on all of the Fslands, as the writer has seen it from Kauai, Oahu and Hawaii. Angitia jxjJijnesialis (Cameron). Viereck's species plii- teUae and helluJae are syncmymous with Cameron's pohjnc- slaVis. Viereck separated his two species on the presence or absence of yellowish markings on the sides of the abdomen. Hawaiian specimens usually have the yellowish markings and are thus identical with the types of liellulae. Such specimens 401 have been reared in the United States from FhifeJIa macuJl- pennis Curtis and this is the usual host here. It is also not unlikely that this species occurs in Europe and an earlier name may possibly be found for it. Braconidae. Ephedrus incompletus (Provancher). Our Ephedrm was determined by Mr. Gahan as Provancher's species. It has been reared by the writer from a g-reen species of Marrosi- phum on rose bushes at Honolulu, and Mr. Swezey obtained it from the same host at Wailuku, Maui, on June 18, 1916. This species seems to have been first collected by Dr. Lyon on April 18, 1914, on the same host. Diaeretus cJiowpodiaphidis (Ashmead). Our species of Diaeretus is not rapae (Curtis), but Ashmead's species which is chiefly distinguished by having 13 antennal joints in the female and 16 in the male, instead of 14 and 17 respectively, and by a slight difl^erence in coloration and sculpture. This species has been reared from ApJiis hrassicae Linnaeus, and Rhopalosiplium persicae (Sulzer) from several localities near Honolulu. Di)iocampus termlnatiis (Xees). The writer has examined specimens of this species from Hungary ; Barcelona, Spain ; Palroa, l^ew Zealand; Fiji; Okitsu, Japan; and from many localities in the United States from Massachusetts and Virginia to California and Washington. Perkins also records it from Queensland, Australia. Perilifus americanus Piley and Eu- pliorus sculptus Cresson are synonyms, (the latter synonymy taken from a female in the ]Srational Museum which was com- ])ared with Cresson's type by Mr. R. A. Cushman). The species is extremely constant throughout its vast range, and although there is a slight variation in color this seems to be independent of its geogTaphic distribution. In the Hawaiian Islands it was probably introduced with Olla abdominalis (Say) from l^orth America, but it now usually attacks Coel- 402 ophom inacquolis (Fabricius). It does not seem to be nearly so common here now, as it was when Perkins first fonnd it. ApanteJes sp. According to ]\[r. Gahan, onr banded- winoed Apanteles is entirely distinct from any known North Amer- ican species. The species was first taken in 1911 at Honolnln, nnless it is one of those mentioned by Perkins in 1910 without name or description. Mr. Swezey has reared it from Opogoim. Optus sp. The small Op'ius that has been reared recently by Messrs. Swezey, Bridwell, and the writer from the Lantana Agromyza on Oahn was determined l)y ]\Ir. Gahan as most probably a new species close to nanus Provancher. Ilonniupferus sp. This is another recent immigrant which has been taken in Honolnln, Palolo, Xiu, Knlionon, and on Tantalns by several collectors. The first specimens examined by the writer were taken by Mr. Swezey in 1914. Pteromalidae. Pachyneuron siphonophorae (Ashmead). This species is readily recognized in the female sex by having three ring- joints and only five fnnicle joints. Mr. A. A. Girault has recently erected a new genus or subgenus, Propacliyneuroniay for this species, but it is hardly worth recognition as the male sex does not show the supposed generic character. He has also synony- mized Pacliy neuron micans Howard and P. aphidivorum Ash- mead with it, the latter incorrectly, as Mr. Gahan's notes on the ty})es, taken \\lien they Avere in a better state of preserva- tion than at present, show that aphi(ru'oru)n has only two ring- joints. This species is hyper])arasitic in Aphidids, and with us attacks both Ephedrus incompletus and Diaeretus chenopodia- phidis. It has been found at or near Honolulu, and at Wai- luku, Maui, by Mr. Swezey. Pacliynciiron si/rplii (Ashmead). This species was reared 403 from a puparium of Xanthograinma grandicorne Macquart, from the plantation of the Oahu Sugar Company in April, 1904, bj r. W. Terry. Apparently it is not common here. In the United States it has a wide range of Syrphid hosts, apparently all aphidivorous or coccidivorous species however, and is widely distributed. It is a primary parasite of the Syrphids and in consequence beneficial to the Aphidids and inimical to man. Mr. Girault has synonymized this species with alhidius Walker, but the recognition of Walker's species is extremely doubtful from the descriptions alone. Mr. Girault's recent synopsis of the jSTorth American species of Pacliynciiron is marred by too much reliance being placed on colorational char- acters, and does not prove to be very helpful in the identifica- tion of the species. Encyrtidae. Encyrtus infcllx (Embletou). This is the species which was wrongly determined by Ashmead as Encyrtus fusciis (Howard). Infelix is a widely distributed species parasitic on Saissetia hemispJiaerica (Targioni). The writer has seen it from Edinburg, Scotland ; South Kensington, England ; Torto, Portugal; and San Francisco and Sacramento, California. Masi has recently recorded it from the Sychelles Islands. BJepyrus mexicanus Howard. The writer is unable to dis- tinguish the three species of BIrpyrus described by Howard, after a careful comparison of the types with a large series from Honolulu. Mexicanus was described from Monterey and was reared from a host said to be Ceroputo yuccae (Coquillett). The host remains mounted with the types, however, show the long, glassy filiaments so characteristic of Pseudococcus vir- gatus (Cockerell) and an error of identification is evident. Texanus was described from Brownsville, Texas, and the re- corded host is P. virgatus which is definitely known .to be the only host of Blepyrus here, described by Howard under the name of mavsdeni. Coccoplwcionus dactylopii Ashmead is 404 another synonym of BJepynis inexicanus. Ashmead roeorded his species from Australia and cited an undetermined Pseudo- coccus as the host. The eleven type specimens, however, are labeled Honohilu and bear the same Insectary Xo. (of the IT. S. Department of Agriculture) and date as Howard's types of marsdeni, so that undoubtedly both series were reared from the same lot of material. AiDhelinidae. Prococcophagus oyieniaHs (Howard). Our al)undant, small, banded-winged Coccophagus-like parasite of Lecaniine scales, seems to be altogether too close to Howard's species for separation. The usual size of our specimens is nearly twice that of the types and the coloration of the pleura and legs is blacker. The types, however, are evidently undersized speci- mens, and have been considerably bleached by the action of alcohol in which they were preserved at some former time. The species has been recorded in the local literature variously as Coccophagus oricntalis,- Aneristus sp. and Anerhtus cero- plastae. It seems to agree very well with Silvestri's conception of Prococcophagus, and is kept out of Aneristus by the absence of well developed bristles on the hind tibiae. This is one of our most efficient coccid parasites, and has a wide range of hosts. It is extremely active, and carries the abdomen tilted upward. Figitidae. Eucoilidea micromorplia Perkins. This is clearly conge- neric with Ashmead's genotype species, and is distinct from any of the species in the Xational jNIuseum. It is parasitic in the puparia of Agromijza pusilla ]\feigen and has a wide distribution on Oaliu, chiefly in the lowlands. 405 OCTOBEE 4tii, 1917. Tlie one Imndred forty-fifth meeting of the Society was held in the usual place, Vice-President Pemberton in the chair. Other members present : Messrs. Bridwell, Crawford, Ehr- horn, Fnllaway, Giffard, Mnir, Timberlake and Willard ; and Mr. Robert Veitch of Suva, Fiji, visitor. Minutes of previous meeting read and approved. ENTOMOLOGICAL PROGEAM. Mr. Giffard exhibited two boxes of Delphacids and Ful- gorids collected by him in California, during certain months of 1910. There were many new species. The collection was worked up by Mr. Van Duzee of the California Academy of Sciences and will be published elsewhere. Lerp-fonn'mg Psijllid. — jNfr. Ehrhorn exhibited specimens of a lerp-forming Psyllid from iVustralia. ^[r. Veitch spoke of the principal sugar cane insects in Fiji — cane borer, i-oot grubs and wire-worms, and of their peculiar problems and methods of control. Certain Aspects of Medical and Sanitary Entomology in the Hawaiian Islands. BY J. C. BRIDWELL. [Withdrawn for publication in Report Hawaiian Medical Association, 1916-1917.] Two New Species of Nesosydne (Delphacidae), BY F. MUIE. Nesosydne phyUosterjiae sp. nov. $ Vertex slightly longer than broad, apex rounded ; length of face twice the width, slightly widened in the middle ; median carina furcate near base; antennae reaching well beyond base of clypeus, second joint Proc. Haw. tnt. Soc, III, No. 5, April, 1918. 406 nearly one and one-half times the length of first (1.4) ; hind til)ia longer than the tarsi, first tarsal joint slightly longer than the other two together. Tegmina reaching to the base of pygophor. Green to yellowish brown in fresh specimens, the green turning yel- lowish and the yellow turning reddish in old specimens ; infuscate be- tween carinae of head, on pleura, coxae and over most of the abdomen. Tegmina hyaline, yellowish or greenish, veins concolorous with membrane with a few small granules bearing black hairs, a small dark mark at the apex of clavus and another at the apex of costal cell. Genitalia figured (figs. Xos. 3, 4). The armature on the diaphragm below the aedeagus is produced into two curved spines ; anal spines small, wide apart. Length 2.5 mm.; tegmen 1.5 mm. $ Similar to male but the average color is lighter, some specimens being with little or no infuscation. EXPLAXATIOX OF FlGURES. Figure 1. Nesostjdnc cyrtandricola, full view of pygophor. 2. N. cyrtandricola, lateral view of aedeagus. 3. N. phyllostegiae, full view of pygophor. 4. N. pliyllostec/iae, lateral view of aedeagus. Hab. Puuwaawaa, Xorth Koiia, Hawaii, :1700 feet eleva- tion; a long series of both sexes and young feeding on Pln/JJos- tegia racemosa Benth. (W. M. Giffard). There are two fairly distinct series including both sexes, one with the ground color light green, the other light brown or yellow. The aedeagus shows relationship to N. cyrtandrae but the genital styles are quite distinct. Type deposited in the collection of the H. S. P. A. Experiment Station. 407 Nesosydne c yrt and vl cola sp. nov. (5 Vertex longer than wjde, length of face 2.5 times the width, sligjitly narrowed between the eyes, the sides subparallel, median carina furcate about one-third from base; antennae reaching beyond the middle of the clypeus, second joint 1.7 times the length of first; first joint of hind tarsi distinctly longer than the other two together. Light green, a fuscous or black line between the carinae of face, clypeus, genae and thorax; pleura and first and second legs (especially the tibiae) light fuscous, hind legs with a longitudinal line along femora and tibiae, the tarsi fuscous ; pygophor and styles dark brown, a few fuscous marks or spots along the medio-lateral line of abdominal tergites. Tegmina hyaline, yellowish, a small dark mark at apex of costal cell and dark along the costa, a larger dark mark at apex of clavus which spreads out over the middle of the tegmen, becoming hghter as it reaches the radius where it reaches to near the apex and to near the base ; veins thick, especially the radius, with minute granules bearing black hairs, apical veins and border light. Genitalia figured (figs. Nos. i, 2). Armature of diaphragm forming a thin, small, perpendicular plate below the aedeagus. Length 2.6 mm. ; tegmen 1.5 mm. 9 Similar to male but somewhat lighter, the ovipositor brown. Length 2.9 mm.; tegmen 1.7 mm. Hab. Glenwood, Olaa, Hawaii, 2->00 feet elevation; a long: series of both sexes and vonng- from Cyvtandra sp. Also some young reared to adults on Charpentieva ohovata Gand. (W. M. Giffard). The young nymphs are light green, later acquiring dark marks similar to the adults. This species comes near to N. anceps but is quite distinct. Type deposited in the collection IT. S. P. A. Experiment Station. Notes on Delphacids Collected on a Short Visit to Portions of the Intermediate Forests in Olaa and in North and South Kona, Island of Hawaii. BY WALTER ^l. GIFFAKD. During the latter part of August, 1917, I had occasion to make a very hurried visit by automobile from Kilauea to Puuwaawaa, Xortli Kona, Hawaii, via the belt road through the districts of Kau and South Kona. Accompanying me were Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc, IH, Xo. 5, April, 1918. 408 Prof. J. F. Rock of iroiiolnlu and A. Holm of San Francisco, who were botanizing and collecting seeds from our indigenons forest trees for the Golden Gate Park in San Francisco. Onr stay of one and one-half days at Pnnwaawaa was quite too brief for systematic collecting of the insect fauna of that interesting region and I therefore utilized the few hours at my disposal searching for Delphacids and other Homoptera and such Heteroptera and Coleoptera as could be incidentally ca])- tured. The rough nature of this region, covered as it is with old lava flows of the a-a type, makes very slow walking or riding and by the time the interesting forest region is reached nmch of the day has been wasted getting there, and even then due to Idosc scoria it is most difficult walking and collecting amongst the sparse vegetation. Much of the latter, including the lower foliage of the trees, has been destroyed of late years In- cattle and very many of the trees themselves destroyed by continuous drought and from other causes. A full week or ten days insect collecting in these forests would undoubtedly pro- duce very satisfactory results but due to the limited time at my disposal (five hours in all of actual collecting) I endeav- ored to confine myself to the Delphacids none of which had as yet been recorded from this particular region in the district of Xortli Kona. As a result only one new species (Nesosjjdne phyllostegiae) was collected, but several new food plants of cer- tain known species of Delphacids were found which in itself was well worth the trip. These latter and the fact that a series of Alalia sii'czci/i was captured for the first time on any other island than Oahu, will be referred to in detail in the accom- panying field notes. Incidentally, 1 believe this to be the third species of the Genus Aloha taken on the Island of Hawaii. Before returning to Hilo from Kilauca a portion of the ''inside" forests located at 29 Miles (so-called) about two miles north of the Volcano House, were visited for a few hours l)ut nothing of any special importance not already published M'as captured. Due to a protracted drought in the neighborhood of Glen wood and ''25 J\Iiles" (so-called) Olaa, much interesting 409 (lata as to the insects of this ahiiost continuoush' wet region might have been gathered had it been possible for me to remain at Kilanea for a sufficient length of time. As it was I was able to visit and collect at these latter places for a few honrs on two separate days with satisfactory results. Besides the discovery of one new species of Delphacid (Ncsosydne cyrtandricola) the hitherto unknown food plant of the single male i\". anreps taken by Muir in 1915 was found to be Frcycinctla aniottl (ieie vine). A good series of both sexes of the last named Del- phacid was taken. Undoubtedly the absence of moisture over- head and on foot in the boggy forests of this region would have produced much better collecting had I been able to stay over another week, as insects in general were more plentiful there at the time than 1 had ever found them on previous visits, which were always attended by more or less precipitation and conse- (juent inability to properly collect. I am indebted to my friends Messrs. Muir and Kock for assistance, by the former in the determination of the Delpha- cids collected and by the latter of the food plants. Following are the detailed field notes* covering certain of the species taken during the visits referred to, viz. : Leialoha Jehuae hairaiiensis Muir, Olaa 20 miles (Xos. 7 and 30. Long series males and females off Mctrosideros poly- moi'pha var. Incana (Ohia lehua). Also reared a number of adults from nymphs on the leaves of this food plant. One male (Xo. 44) Olaa 25 miles, 3000 ft. elev., off Platydesma sp. Probably this was an accidental capture although no ohia was growing in this particular section of forest. Nesodryas dry ope Kirk. Glenwood 22 miles, 2300 ft. elev. (Xos. 26, 34 and 38) 12 males and 3 females off A)ifides)na platyphyUiun. Nesodryas maculata Muir. Kapua, South Kona, 2000 ft. Numbers refer to writer's field notes 410 elev., near main road. Long- series males and females (jSTo. 0) off Moha saiuhr(r('iisi.s. Aloha nnjoporicola Kirk. Pnnwaawaa (Waihon) X. Kona, 3700 ft. elev., 2 males and 2 females and nvmplis (Xo. 14) off Myoporum sandwlcense var. seratum; one male and one fe- male (Xo. 11) ex PhyUostegia racemosa and 1 adult (Xo. 10) ex Acacia l-oa (no Myoporum near, Loth are possibly accidental captures) ; at ITuehue, X. Kona, ISOO ft. elev., 12 males and 5 females (Xo. 10), all typical, oft" Myoporum sandivicense. Aloha swezeyi Muir. Pnnwaawaa (below Waihou) X. Kona, 3000 ft. elev., 10 males, 5 females and nymphs (Xo. 17) ex Chclrodcndron cjaudlchaudii. PuuAvaawaa hill, X. Kona, 3800 ft. elev., 8 adults and 3 young, including 2 macropterous females (Xo. 20), off the lower branches of Anona clicrimolia under wliich and almost touching were a mixture of weeds in- cluding Bidciis pilosa. Terhcna honarloisis and Erigeroii cana- dense. X\ same spot 2 males and 5 fenuiles with 2 nymphs (Xo. 20a) were taken off the mixed weeds above mentioned. In same locality on a large area where there were no trees or shrubs but only large patches of dwarf Bidens pilosa grow- ing amongst immature and almost dry Bermuda grass, 3 males and 4 females and nymphs, including 1 macropterous female (Xo. 21) were taken. The macropterous form was not previous- ly known and the species has hitherto been taken only on Oahu viz. : in Palolo Valley and on Tantalus. In Xorth Kona it is evidently attached to the olmoxious weed Bidens pilosa and Cheriodendruii (jaudichaudii, but unforttniately I had no oppor- tunity to rear any of the nymphs taken. On Oahu, Timber- lake has taken series of both sexes off Campylothcca macro- carpa and Swezey one male off Lythrum sp., wliich latter may have been accidental. Nesosydnr Icoae Kirk. Pnnwaawaa (Waihou forest) X. Kona, 3700 ft. elev., 2 males and 1 female (Xo. 16), sweeping young leaves s]u-outing from large roots of Acacia I'oa. Olaa 25 miles, 3000 ft. elev., 1 female (Xo. 44) sweeping. Olaa 29 411 miles, 4000 ft. elev., 5 females (i*\"o. 5) off Acacia hoa (pliyl- lodia only). Nesosydnc )-uhescens Kirk, Pmiwaawaa hill, X. Kona, 3800 ft. elev., 2 adults (Xo. 20) off Anona cltcrimolin gTowing- mider tall koa trees and 2 adults and nymphs oft' phvllodia of Acacia hoa. Nesosydne rubescens var. pidla Muir. Pnuwaawaa, X. Kona, 3700 ft. elev., 3 specimens (Nos. 15 and 19) off pliyl- lodia of Acacia koa. Olaa 29 miles, 4000 ft. elev., 3 adults (Xo. 5) off phvllodia of Acacia I'oa and several specimens (Xo. 2) from Broussaisia peUucida and Cyrtandra sp. growing be- low koa trees, Olaa 25 miles, 3000 ft. elev., several nymphs (Xo. 48) off Platydesma companidata, one -male of Avhieh was reared from this latter food plant. Nesosydne pseudoruhescens Muir. Olaa 29 miles, 4000 ft. elev., 2 adults (Xo. 6) oft" Clevmontia. parviflora. Nesosydne anceps Muir. Olaa 25 miles, 3000 ft. elev., 4 males and 4 females oft' Frcycinetia anwtfi (ieie vine). This species was only known by one male before; the female is similar to the male and both show the usual range of colora- tion, the thorax being either dark or light. Hitherto the food plant for this species was unknown. Nesosydne hlacTxhiirni Muir. South Kona on main road at 1400 ft. elev., 7 males and 15 females and nymphs (Xo. 23), a dark form, off CJiarpenfiera ohovata. Two of the nymphs were later on reared to maturity on leaves of this tree. At Glenwood, Olaa, 2300 ft. elev., 1 male (Xo, 33) off Strongy- lodon luciduni (Xukuiwi vine) and 2 males and 6 females and nymphs, dark form (Xo. 36), off Toucliardia latifoJia. In the inside forest at Olaa 29 miles, 4000 ft, elev., 3 males, 1 female and nymphs (Xo. 31) off Clennontia parviflora. This makes up to the present 7 food plants recorded from which large or small series of this species have been taken on the island of Hawaii. 412 Nesosydne 'iponioe'icoJa Kirk. Piunvaawaa, ^. Kona, 3700 ft. elev., 1 male and 10 females and nvmphs (Xo. 13) off Lythrum maritinum sparsely distribnted amongst cover of weeds, also 20 males, 10 females and nymphs (ISTo. 22) in a large sparsely covered area of the Lythrnm and Bermnda grass at somewhat higher elevation. These are all of the light form similar to that taken on Sadleria at Kilanea. In S. Kona along the main road at 1600 ft. elev., 2 males (l^o. 21-) off Gouldia elongata. At Glenwood, Olaa, 3 females and 3 yonng (iSTo. 27) off Antidesma sp. and Cyrtandra sp. mixed. Also a long series of both sexes (18 males and 19 females and nymphs), all dark forms (Xo. 33), off Strongylodon lucidum (Xnkuiwi vine). Later 1 male was reared on leaves of the latter vine. Nesosydne pliyUostegiae Mnir. Pnnwaawaa (Waihou for- est), X. Kona, at 3700 ft. elev., 8 males, 21 females (greenish in color) (Xo. 11) with a few nymphs off Phyllostegia race- mosa. This proved to be a new species and has jnst been described by Mr. Mnir. A^csosydnc ryrfdndrirola Mnir. Olaa 25 miles, 3000 ft. elev., and Glenwood, Olaa, 22 miles, 2300 ft. elev., 18 males and 9 females together with nymphs (Xos. 27, 37, 39 and 43) off a tall and branching species of Cyrtandra as yet not de- scribed. Several nymphs were later on reared to matnrity on leaves of this tree. This new species (a brachypterons form) when first captnred is of a very bright green color bnt in the course of a few days changes to a dullish green. Nesosydne (undetermined). Pnnwaawaa, X. Kona, 3700 ft. elev., 2 females off Coprosma cynosa (Pilo). 413 NOVEMBER 1st, 1917. The one liiuidred forty-sixth meeting of the Society Avas held in the nsual place, Vice-President Pemberton in the chair. Other members present : Messrs. Bridwell, Crawford, Ehr- horn, Fullaway, Kuhns and Swezey. Visitors: Mr. Robert Veitch and Mr. K. C. Brewster. Minutes of previous meeting read and approved. Mr. Swezey proposed the name of Francis X. Williams for active membership in the Society. exto:m(>logicai> program. Bruclius pruininus. — Mr. Bridwell presented some observa- tions on this weevil, which he has found infesting the seeds of Leucaena glauca. Heterospilus prosopidls. — Mr. Bridwell gave some notes on this Braconid and gave it as his opinion that it was a parasite of the above Brucliid, from the fact of his collecting both of them in the same localities, tho he had not actually bred the parasite yet from the weevil. Omiodes hlacMjunii. — ^Ir. Bridwell rcuiarked on the scarcity of the coconut leaf roller at the present time. Odynerus oahuensls. — A specimen of this wasp was exhib- ited by Mr. Bridwell, collected by him in Ainahau Park, Honolulu. Euscelinus sp. — A specimen exhibited by Mr. Bridwell, col- lected in Honolulu. Bosivychid. — A specimen of a hitherto undetermined Bostrychid beetle was exhibited by ^Ir. Bridwell. A small species with red marking on the elytra. Gelechia gossypieUa. — ]\Ir. Swezey exhibited specimens of the pink boll worm bred by Mr. Giifard in September of this year, from fruits of Ilibiscadelphus hualalaiensis collected by Mr. J. F. Rock at Pnuwaawaa, Hawaii. Mr. Rock reported 414 the seeds to have been very badly infested. This is the first record of this insect in seeds of this native tree, altho Mr. Kock had previously reported its seeds badly eaten by some Lepidopterous larvae. Colobicus pariUs. — Mr. Fnllaway reported the collecting of two specimens of this beetle. Passer doniesticiis. — ]\Ir. Fnllaway reported having ob- served the English sparrow picking nioalybngs from the leaves of poinsettia. A Note on Euxestus minor. BY F. :MriK. The insect described by Dr. Sharp as Euxestus minor (Fanna Hawaiiensis, III, p. 415) is stated by Arrow to be the same as E. parhi Woll., which was first described from Madeira and now recognized by Arrow from China, Burma, Malay Peninsula, Philippine Islands, Java, Hawaii, Haiti and Central America (vide Ann. Mag. Xat. Hist., (8) 20, p. 138, 1917). Homopterous Notes II." BY r. MUIIJ. /f/f ^ [Presented by O. H. Swezey.] The material dealt with in these notes are two small col- lections, one kindly loaned to me by the American Museum of Xatural History, Xew York, and the other by Prof. H. Osboi-n, and a few specimens belonging to the collection of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association, Honolulu. Measurements are from apex of head to anus and from * Homopterous Notes I was published in Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc, HI, 4, p. 311, 1917. Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc, HI, No. 5, April, 1918. 415 apex to base of one tegiiicn ; colors are according to the Ridge- wav standard. The more one works upon the Fulgorids the more one is convinced of the necessity of using the genitalia for specific distinction. Unfortunately these characters are seldom men- tioned by describers, except in one group of the Delphacidae, and in a great many instances the sex of the insect being de- scribed is not mentioned, or it is wrongly mentioned. There are good characters in both sexes for dividing the Homoptera into groups, and even among the Fulgorids there are good group distinctions which have not yet been fully worked out. DERBIDAE. Genus Herpis Stiil. Ilerpis obscura? (Ball). Lamenia obscura Ball, 1902, Can. Entom. XXXIV., p. 262. The specimens I have agree with the descriptions of this species as far as the descriptions go, but they are incomplete. Anal segment much longer than hroad, gradually constricted to the middle, apex truncate, anus near apex ; length of genital styles twice the width, ventral or inner margin entire, slightly convexly curved, apex produced into a broad, sharp point turned inward, dorsal or outer margin turned at right angle to disk leaving an entire, nearly straight false mar- gin when viewed from outside, the true margin strongly convexly curved on apical two-thirds with a slender projection near the base with its pointed apex at right angles to the stem. One pair from Cabanas, P. de R., Cuba, one female from Pinar d. Rio, P. de R., Cuba, September, 1913 ; also one pair from Rockstone, British Guiana, July, 1911. My specimens of H. vulgaris (Fitch) is a larger insect, the genital styles are longer in proportion to the width, the apical spine more slender, the dorsal margin more angularly produced and its basal process with two apical spines. 416 Genus Cvci.okaka ]\Iuir. In niv ial)lc (if i>enera of Derl)idae'^ I placed Paiara West, in Grou]) J I. Westwood's fig-nre was not clear to me at that time, I)ut since then 1 have examined allied forms from the West Indies and now see that Patara should have been placed in Group I, as it comes near to Cyclokara Mnir. Dairnaria Distant is close to Cyclokara. Patara West, differs from both of these in having a large, flattened antenna. I place Paiara vanduzei Ball in Cydol-ara but the neuration is not quite typical. C. sordidnJain sp. nov. $ In neuration, shape of head and antennae this species is t\'pical of the genus. Head, thorax and abdominal stcrnites sordid pale orange yellow, carinae of face between eyes slightly infuscate, abdominal tergites cadmium orange. Tegmina sordid yellow, opaque with waxy secretion, slightly fuscous over apical cells, veins brownish in places ; wings white opaque with waxy secretion, veins brown. Edges of pygophor straight, entire, with a small, sharp point pro- jecting on each side of the anal segment; anal segment small, about as long as wide ; styles large, broad, apex roundly truncate, ventral edge slightly convexly curved, round!}' produced in middle, dorsal edge very slightly and concavely curved, with a quadrate projection on basal half. Length 2.1 mm.; tegmen 4.5 mm. 9 Similar to male. Anal segment very small, as long as broad ; pregenital ventral plate short, posterior edge widely angularly produced, the apex of the projection turned slightly dorsad. Length 2.2 mm. ; tegmen 5.5 mm. Hab. Porto Kico, Aibonito, ]\rayagtTez, Julv, 1914. De- scribed from five males and five females. Type in the Ameri- can Mus. of J^at. Hist, I^^ew York. Genus Persis Stal. The following species agrees with StaFs description of the genus. It has a similar neuration but the head is much more acutely angular in profile and the shoulder keels are only re]> resented by a ridge. It differs from GoueoJmra Muir in having the head more produced, in profile the vertex and face form an acute angle, and the tegmen is longer and narrower. *Haw. Sugar Planters' Assn. Exp. Sta. Ent. Bull. 12. p. 43, 1913. 417 P. stall sp. nov. $ Mikado orange, fuscous along carinae of face and a little spot over the eyes, antennae lighter, genital styles much paler, nearly white. Teg- mina with the veins and an adjoining portion of membrane white or creamy white with the median portion of the cells orange-bufif. Medio-ventral edge of pygophor subangularly produced, lateral edges broadly convex; anal segment very long and narrow, suddenly constricted slightly above base then gradually widened to the truncate apex, with each apical corner produced into a point and turned ventrad, anus near apex ; genital styles long, the dorsal edge near base produced into a sub- quadrate, flat process with a rounded process in the middle of the apical margin, beyond this the dorsal margin is entire and slightly curved dor- sad, ventral edge produced into a broad, blunt spine near base, beyond which it is sinuous, widest beyond middle, the apex forming a slender point. Length 4 mm. ; tegmen 6 mm. 9 Similar to male. Preanal segment deeply emarginate to receive anal segment ; anal segment much longer than broad, anus before middle where the segment is broadest, beyond anus it narrows to apex which is deeply emarginate leaving the corners projecting as spines; pregenital plate large, longer than wide, hind margin at first gradually and then steeply produced, the middle portion forming a subconical plate. Length 4.2 mm. ; tegmen 7 mm. Hab. Paramaribo, Dutch Guiana, August, 1911. De- scribed from four males and five females, also one damaged female from Bartica, British Guiana, March, 1901. Type in the American Mus. of iSTat. Hist., Xew York. P. fuscinervis sp. nov. $ Head not produced so greatly as in P. stall. Ochraceous- orange, slightly fuscous over abdominal tergites; tegmina hyaline, opaque- ly white with waxy secretion, veins yellowish with fuscous patches ; wings hyaline, opaquely white with waxy secretion, veins concolorous with membrane. Pregenital plate large, posterior edge produced from sides to middle into a large plate subconicle in outline, the produced portion as long as the rest of the segment ; anal segment longer than broad, anus before middle, apex produced into two fine spines with a rounded emargination between; style well developed, projecting silghtly beyond pregenital plate. Length 2.7 mm. ; tegmen 5 mm. ITab. Bartica, British Guiana, May, 1901 (CoU. If. S. Parish). Described from one female. Type in coll. Prof. IT. Osborn. 418 Genus Phaciocephalt's Kirk. T'ntil Iho types of Phaciocephalus Kirk, and Cenchrea Westw. are e(ini|)arcd there must be some doubt as to the dis- tinct ion of these two genera. C. dorsalis Westw. is described and figured as having the subcostal cell short whereas in Pha- ciocephalus it is long. I shall retain for the present the name PhacioccphaJius Kirk, for those foi-nis having the subcostal cell long. P. ahh'rl (Ball). Cenchrea ahleri Ball, 1902, Can. Entom., XXXIV, p. 2G1. P. sp.? Two female specimens from Cuba which do not agree with any description, Init I refrain from naming them without having males. P. parish i sp. nov. $ First claval vein joining suture before it joins second claval, clavus closed. Alikado-orange ; tegmina hyaline, opaque with waxy secretion, light fuscous yellow over costal and apical portion of subcostal cells, veins yellowish ; wings hyaline, opaquely white with waxy secretion, veins con- colorous with membrane. Medio-ventral edge of pygophor produced into a quadrate plate, slightly longer than wide, apex slightly narrower than base, turned slightly dorsad ; anal segment very long and narrow, anus at apex, apex turned slightly ventrad and produced into two angular po^ints ; genital styles large, gradually widening to truncate apex, ventro apical corner produced into a long, thin spine turned inward, ventral edge slightly convex with a small quadrate process near base, dorsal edge concave with a small rounded process about middle. Hal). I'.artica, British Guiana, :March, 1901 (Coll. JI, S. Paris-Ji). Descrilx'd from one male. Type in coll. of Prof. II. Oshorn. /\ l hij)i(nctaia sp. nov. (fig. 1). This (lifters from the generic type in having a shorter sub- costal cell, l)ut not very short, the media has three sectors, the first two arisiug very near together, the media beino- bent at 419 that spot. Pronotum with two distinct and one indistinct carinae; shoulder keels large. $ Light orange yellow. Tegmina hyaline, very light yellow over costal and apical cells, opaquely white with waxy secretion, a small brown spot at fork of cubitus and another near cross vein of first median sector; wings hyaline, veins concolorous, opaquely white with waxy secretion. Ventral edge of pygophor straight, ventral surface tumid in middle, lateral edges slightly convex ; anal segment long, narrow, slightly widened at apex which is bilobed, anus near apex; genital styles long, ventral edge with an angular projection near base, beyond which edge is slightly sinuous, apex rounded with a subangular projection on the dorso-apical margin, dorsal margin entire, a carina runs down the outer surface near dorsal margin, on the inner surface in middle there is a spine with a curve and somewhat flattened crook at the apex. Length 2.6 mm. ; tegmen 2).y mm. 1 Figure 1. Phaciocephalus bipuncfata^ tegmen. Hab. Bartica, British Guiana, August, 1901 (Coll. H. S. Parish). Described from one male specimen. Type in coll. Prof. H. Osborn. Genus Syxtames Fowler. Fowler describes *S'. delicatus from what he states to be males but they are females. The variety chiriquensis appears to me to be specifically distinct from 8. delicatus. When tabulating the genera of Derbidae'^ I had only a damaged specimen to examine and I placed the genus in Group I. In the two following species one has the clavus nar- rowly open and the other has it closed, otherwise they are congeneric with ^S'. delicatus. S. nigrolineafus sp. nor. 9 Clavus closed, claval veins joining the suture a little before the apex. Shoulder keels large ; no subantennal process ; medio-frontal carina somewhat obscured towards the apex. H. S. P. A. Ent. Bull., Xn, T913. 420 Ocliraceous-orange, fuscous over middle of base of face, fuscous oyer the lateral portions of mesothorax and continued as a broad, fuscous line down the inner half of tegmen ; tegmina hyaline, light yellow, opaque with waxy secretion, veins concolorous ; wings white with yellowish veins. Pregenital sternite large, middle area tumid, medio-posterior edge produced into a semi-circular plate, the latero-posterior edge being slightly concave ; styles and ovipositor well developed, reaching well Ix'yond pregenital sternites. Length 4.7 mm. ; tegmen 6 mm. Hal). Bartiea, British Guiana, May, 1901 (Coll. 11. .S'. Parish). Described from one female. Type in coll. Prof. IT. Osborn. iS". sufflavus sp. nov. 5 Clavus narrowly open, culiital veins not reaching hind margin. Ochraceous-buff ; tegmina lighter with darker veins, opaque with waxy secretion ; a light fuscous mark in middle of clavus, in middle of cubital fork, near base of first median sector across to apex of subcostal cell. Pregenital sternite large, base slightly tumid, posterior margin straight with a median portion produced into nearly a circular plate ; styles and ovipositor well developed. Length 4 mm. ; tegmen 6 mm. Hah. Bartiea, British Gniana, Jnne, 1001 (Coll. H. 8.. ParisJi). Described from one female. Type in coll. Prof. II. Osborn. Genns Otiocerus Kirby. 0. sclioiilicrri '. Stal. ^ I ha\-c not seen the original description of tliis species. The specimen before me is a little smaller but somewhat similar in color to O. dcgccrn Kirby. The head in profile is more slender and the apex turned slightly dorsad, the antenna has two long processes, one reaching to apex of head and the other a little shorter. Medio-ventral edge of pygophor roundly produced into a small plate, a depression runs across the base of this plate which gives the margin the impression of being entire, lateral edges roundly produced; anal segment long, narrow, apex curved slightly ventrad and rounded, anus near apex, lateral edges turned ventrad, the basal half subangularly produced ; genital styles widely apart at bases, ventral edge sinuous, apex produced into a point and turned dorsad, dorsal edge entire, straight. Hal). One male specimen from Aibonito, Porto Pico, Jnlv, 1014. 421 Genus Dexdrokara Melichar. D. monstrosa Mel. I have examined twenty males and eighteen females ; in all the former the antennae are typical of D. monstrosa while in the latter they are typical of D. torva. It is possible that j\[elichar described forra from a female and not a male, and that they are the sexnal forms of the same species. Genus Platocera Mnir. The distinction between Platocera and Heronax is likely to break down with the increase of specific forms, the antennae are not good generic characters. P. ruhicundum sp. nov. 9 Face in profile not ascendingly produced as in the type of the genus; antennae as long as the face, second joint flattened, attached to first joint by the basal corner, arista at apex. Brown tinged with red, or claret brown; rostrum, vertex and base of face and legs yellowish, abdominal sternites deeper red. Tegmina fuscous, a clear hyaline half circle on hind margin beyond clavus, another clear space on margin over median area, over costal cell and apical subcostal and radial cells, veins tinged with red. Pregenital plate large, flattened, shield-shape, posterior margin angu- larly produced from sides to middle, the produced portion turned ven- trad, apex with small angular emargination ; anal segment fairly large, apex with rounded emargination in middle half; styles fairly well de- veloped. Length 4.33 mm. ; tegmen 10 mm. Ilab. Bartica, British Gniana, July, 1901 {Coll H. S. Parish). Type in coll. Prof. H. Osborn. Genus Xioerta Walker. N'. craenta Mnir. Philippine Islands; Luzon, Mt. Maquiling, Baguio; ]\rin- danao, Davao. This species was descril:)cd from one female specimen from Amboina. I have five females and two male specimens from the Philippine Islands which I cannot separate from the 422 Amboina females. There is a large amount of variation in the size and intensity of the red splashes. Genus Pakapkoutista Mnir. P. matsumurae sp. no v. Pamendanga rubilinea Matsumura (not Distant), 1914, Ann. Mns. Nat. Hungary, XII, p. 297. $ Typical of the genus. The face is very narrow, formed of two contiguous carinae; antennae about as long as face. Warm bufif, slightly fuscous on apex of clypeus and over abdominal segments. Tegmina hyaline, opaquely white with waxy secretion, fuscous over basal third, along cubitus to hind margin and along media to third sector, from near the apex of radial cell to hind margin and along the fourth sector to its base, all the quadrate cross veins and some irregular marks at the end of veins; veins concolorous with adjoining membrane, or slightly yellowish, apical portion of sub-costal and radial veins red- dish ; wings hyaline, opaque with waxy secretion, veins fuscous spreading out into the membrane. Ventral edge of pygophor very slightly convexly curved, lateral edges straight; anal segment longer than broad, slightly constricted near base, apex rounded, anus near apex, a small, transverse ridge just basad of anus; styles large, subquadrate, ventral edge strongly convexly curved near base, with a tooth about the middle, apex slightly convex, dorsal edge with a pointed process near base. Length 3.3 mm. ; tegmen 7.4 mm. 9 In color similar to male. Pregenital plate large, longer than broad, posterior edge produced in middle into a small truncate process, with two sinuous emarginations reaching to the lateral angles. Length 3.6 mm. ; tegmen 8.6 mm. Hal). Hokkaido, Japan, and Formov^a. I have one speci- men from Sapparo (det. jMatsumura) and three from Ilorisha, Formosa (coll. Muir). These cannot be placed under Pamen- danga as the face does not conform to that genus. Type in coll. H. S. P. A. Experiment Staticm, Honolulu. Genus ]\Iysidia "Wcstw. The facics of some of the species of this genus are very much alike and the best specific characters lie in the genitalia ; unfortunately these characters have hardly been mentioned in descriptions of these insects. 423 M. nehulosa (Germ.). I have specimens from Bartica, British Guiana, which agree with the descriptions of this species. The male pygophor short, mostly hidden within preceding segment, ventral edge straight, a thin projection from each lateral edge beside the anal segment ; anal segment short, base hidden within pygophor, portion beyond anus roundly bilobed, a ridge running from each side of anus along each lobe to medio-apical edge ; genital styles large, ventral edge curved, more strongly so on apical half, dorsal edge straight, a little beyond the middle there is a process point- ing inward, flat, sub-quadrate, longer than broad with its truncate apex oblique, its plane at right angles to the plane of style. $ The female I associate with the above has a very short anal segment sunk within the preceding segment, the styles are flat, subconical, somewhat longer than width of base, broadest at base and rounded on basal inner margin; ovipositor very small. M. costata ? (Fabr.). TMs agrees with the descriptions and iignre of cosiata. There is a brown spot on each lateral portion of the pronotum, tegulae dark. $ Pygophor very short, ventral edge entire, lateral edges roundly produced in middle and turned inward, the produced portion can only be seen when the genital styles are widely parted ; anal segment about as long as broad, subovate, the lateral edges slanting downward, apex with a small emargination, anus at base, a keel runs from each side of anus to near apical margin ; genital styles large, narrow at base, widest in middle, apex rounded, ventral edge slightly convex and the rim slightly thickened, dorsal edge subangularly produced in middle, the margins being slightly concave, near base there arises a curved spine, rounded and slightly flattened at apex, a keel runs from base to near apex down the outer surface. $ Pregenital plate much wider than long, posterior edge medially produced into a subtriangular lip ; styles and ovipositor abortive, the latter appearing as two small curved spines, genital area arcuate along the dorsal margin, the ventral margin formed by the pregenital plate ; anal segment about middle, very short. Hab. Three specimens from Bartica, British Gniana, April and July, 1901. M. pseudonehulosa sp. nov. $ This differs from M. ncbidosa as recognized above by the geni- talia. Pygophor very short, ventral edge entire, lateral edges produced into a large, curved, flattened spine beside the anal segment ; anal seg- ment longer than wide, subconical in outline, ape.x with angular emargi- nation, anus near base, a keel runs from each side of anus to ape.x at each side of emargination; genital styles large, ventral edge shghtly con- 424 vex, apex rounded, dorsal edge subangularly produced on apical half, from near base a curved, flattened spine arises. Lengtii ;^./ nun. ; tegmcn 8.5 nun. Hah. Bartica, Britisli Guiana, :\ray, 1001. Described from one male specimen. Type in coll. Prof. H. Osborn. 71/. neonchaJosa sp. nov. (5 Similar to M. ucbiilosa as recognized above but the bands on teg- mina fainter and narrower. Pygophor very short, edges entire ; anal seg- ment subquadrate, about as long as -wide, sides very slightly convex, apex truncate or slightly concave, anus near middle, a carina runs from each side of anus to apical edge ; genital styles broadest at apex, ventral edge slightly curved, apex slightly convex, dorso-apical corner angular, ventro.apical corner round, dorsal edge concave, from the middle arises a curved spine with a rounded apex. Length 3 nnu. ; tegmen damaged. Ilab. Bartica, British Guiana, 'Tuly, 1001. Described from one male with damaged tegmina. Type in coll. Prof. 11. Osborn. M. ? sp. nov. 2 I have one female specimen with immaculate tegmina with the antennae longer than the face and the arista arising one-third from apex; the genital styles (ovipositor sheath) are abortive but the ovi- positor is well developed and exposed. I refrain from naming from only a female. Ilab. Bartica, British Guiana, April, 1901. M. sp. nov, 9 Orange-buff, veins of tegmina and wings slightly darker than mem- brane, posterior margins of tegmina and wings bordered with fuscous. Posterior edge of pregenital plate produced in middle into a quadrate plate slightly longer than wide; styles small, covering ovipositor. Length 3.4 mm. ; tegmen 7.8 mm. Ilab. Bartica, British Guiana, J\ray, 1001 {Coll. II. S. Parish). I refrain from naming onlv a female. 425 DELPHACIDAE. Genus Ugyops Guerin. U. occidcnfalis sp. nov. This species is congeneric with ['. litiirifrons (Walk.), the tegmina are broadly tectiform, the median frontal carina double to near apex and the first joint of antennae slightly shorter than the second. Ochraceous-buff with brown markings as follows : carinae of head and thorax, small spots alongside of median carinae of face, spreading across to sides at apex, two rings on apical antennal joint, bands on front and middle femora and tibiae, a longitudinal mark on hind femora, lat- eral areas of pro- and mesonotum, on the apical abdominal segment, base of pygophor and the anal segment. Tegmina hyaline, veins dark, broken with light patches, granules minute, bearing small hairs concolorous with vein. Genitalia of the Ugyops tj'pe ; anal segment dome-shape with anus at top, apical edge slightly emarginate, ventral edge of pygophor quadrately emarginate, a small angular emargination in the medio-ventral line ; styles sub-cylindrical, the curve of apical two-thirds slight. Length 4.5 mm. ; tegmen 5.5 mm. 5 Similar to male. Anal segment small, about as long as broad ; ovipositor with more than one-third extending beyond pygophor ; lateral plates reaching beyond middle of pygophor. Length 5 mm. ; tegmen 5.7 mm. Hal). Aibonito, Porto Rico, July, 1914. Described from one pair in the American Mns. of Xat. Hist., Xew York. Genns Puxana Mnir, P. piierforicensis sp. nov. $ Width of vertex more than double the length along the middle line, projecting very slightly beyond eyes, base concave, apex convex, the Y-shape carina obscure, the fork forming a small areola at apex ; face slightly broader than long, subcircular except at apex, face and clypeus medially and laterally carinate, carinae obscure; antennae not reaching to middle of clypeus, second joint 2.5 times the length of first, first subsagittate, second subovate, considerably flattened, with large sense organs on dorso-apical portion, both joints with stout hairs, arista apical. Pronotum slightly longer than vertex, hind margin shallowly and roundly emarginate, tricarinate, the lateral carinae curving parallel with hind mar- gin of eyes and do not reach the hind margin. Tegmina broad, slightly decumbent beyond apex of abdomen, radius not touching media, cubitus and media touching at base of first median sector. Hind tibiae with one basal, one median, one subapical and five apical spines, hind tarsus two- thirds the length of tibia, first joint slightly longer than the other two 426 together, spur subulate with circular cross section, about half the length of first tarsal joint. I have described the generic characters of this species as it differs in some points from the type of the genus and approaches Onkelos Distant in others; unfortunately the shape of the antennae and of the spur of the latter genus are not stated. Ochraceous-buff, face between eyes and the clypeus slightly darker, antennae brown, carinae of pronotum, median portion of mesonotum and carinae lighter; a slight brown band on front coxae, and fainter ones on first and second tibiae. Tegmina pale, veins concolorous or lighter, thickly studded with brown granules bearing dark brown hairs. Genitalia of the same type as Asiraca. Anal segment large, lateral edges turned ventrad so as to form a convexity on ventral surface, the apical edge not turned ventrad and, together with the square emargina- tion of the ventral edge of the pygophor, forming a five-sided ventral opening; styles subulate, widest and slightly flattened at base, curved, bases and apices approximate. Length T,.^ mm. ; tegmen 3.9 mm. $ Similar to the male. Lateral plates small, reaching less than one- third from base, styles (ovipositor sheath) narrow, projecting well be- yond pygophor, and slightly beyond anal segment, anal segment as long as wide in ventral view, styles dark brown. Length 4.3 mm. ; tegmen 4.4 mm. Hal). Aibonito, Coamo Springs and Mayagnez, Porto Eico, Jnly, 1914. Described from five males and live females in good condition, and one broken female in the American Mn- seum of Xat. Hist., New York. Genns JSTeomalaxa nov. Head considerably narrower than thorax; vertex prolonged well be- yond eyes, broadest at base, apical two-thirds with sides parallel, length 1.6 times the width in middle; base of Y-shape carina obsolete leaving a semiobsolete, quadrate areola near apex, basal half excavate, base straight with carina; length of face four times the width, sides parallel, a simple median carina, sides carinate, an oblique carina from beneath antennae to apical corner of face; clypeus slightly wider than face, with three subobsolete carinae, antennae long, slender, both joints terete, reaching to beyond middle of clypeus, joints subequal in length, arista apical, long. Pronotum shorter than vertex, hind margin slightly con- cave, tricarinate, lateral carinae straight, diverging posteroirly, reaching hind margin ; mesonotum normal, tricarinate. Hind tibiae with one basal, pne median and seven or eight minute apical spines, hind tarsi subequal m length to tibia, first joint longer than other two together, spur two- thirds the length of the first tarsal joint, laminate, teciform, 14-16 small teeth on hind margin. Tegmina large, radius not touching media, first median sector joined to cubitus for a short distance near its base. 427 This genus comes near Zulcika Distant if that genus possesses the spur of the Delphacini ; apart from the spur it approaches Malaxa Me- lichar. N. flava sp. nov. $ Pale yellow-orange, eyes light brown, ocelli black, a longitudinal brow^n mark down antennae not quite reaching the base of each joint. Tegmina hyaline, milky white with waxy secretion, veins basad of cross- veins concolorous, cross-veins and veins apical of cross-veins brown. Styles broad at base, gradually narrowing to apex, reaching to apex of pygophor and covering the greater portion thereof. Length 2.4 mm. ; tegmen 3.6 mm. Hab. Majaguez, Porto Rico, July, 1914. Described from two females, one in bad condition, in the American Mus. Xat. Hist., Xew York. Genus Delphacodes Fieb. D. erectus nigvipennis (Crawford)*. Megamelus erectus nigripennis Crawford, 1914. Proc. II. S. Xat. Mils., Vol. 46, p. 625. One male specimen from Point a Pitre, Guadalupe, W. I. This insect is very close to the brachypterous form of D. mata- nitu (Kirk.) from Fiji and Papua. They are hard to distin- guish except for the aedeagi, which are quite distinct (figs. 2, 3). D. erectus is most likely the macropterous form of ni- gripennis and is paralleled by the light, macropterous form of D. matanitu. D. mardininae sp. nov, $ ]\Iacropterous. Lateral pronotal carinae divergingly curved, not reaching hind margin ; vertex square, carinae distinct ; face slightly nar- rowed between eyes, sides subparallel, median carina simple ; antennae reaching slightly beyond base of clypeus, second joint 1.5 times the length of first; hind tarsi shorter than hind tibiae, first joint longer than other two together, spur slightly shorter than first joint, laminate, subtectiform, with minute teeth on hind margin. Head and thorax ochraceous.buff, abdomen ochraceous orange, carinae of head and thorax lighter, face and clypeus between carinae slightly fuscous, apical portion of each antenna! segment, apex of rostrum and apices of tarsi brown. Tegmina and wings hyaline, veins fine, yellowish, fuscous at apices, granules very small. Pygophor figured (figs. 4, 4a). Length 2 mm. ; tegmen 3 mm. *I propose the new name pscudonigripciutis for D. nigripennis IMuir. 1917 Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc, HL No. 4, p. 338. 428 .€?=" M.(7 5 5c Explanation of Figures. 2. D. )>iatanitu, aedeagus. ■]. D. matanitu, aedeagus. 4. D. niardininae, full view of pygoplior. 4a. D. niardininae , lateral view of pygoplior. 5. D. nigrifacies, aedeagus. 5a. D. nigrifacies, right genital style of aedeagus. Ilab. Fort de France, Martinique (Mardinina), B. W. L, June, 1911. Described from one male in the American Mus. Xat. Hist., ISTew York. D. nigrifacies sp. nov. figs. 5, 5a. $ Brach3'pterous. Lateral pronotal carinae divergingly curved poste- riorly, not reaching hind margin; vertex square, carinae not distinct; lengtli of face less than twice the width (1.70 to i) sides arcuate, carinae very fine, median carina simple, vertex and face in profile rounded ; antennae reaching slightly beyond base of clypeus, second joint twice the length of first; hind tibia slightly longer than tarsi, first tarsal joint equal to the other two together, spur longer than first tarsal joint, broad, laminate, tectiform, with many minute teeth on hind margin. Face, genae, vertex pro- and mesonotum shiny black, middle of vertex, posterior and lateral margins of pronotum and lateral and posterior angles of mesonotum yellowish, first segment of antennae dark, second lighter, clypeus, thorax (except parts of pro- and mesonotum), base of abdomen and legs capucine yellow or orange buff, abdomen brown, anal segment yellowish, tegmina reaching to middle of abdomen, hyaline, light orange buff, marginal border slightly fuscous. Pygophor nearly as broad as long, edges entire, a wide emargination on dorsal edge, anal segment sunk within pygophor, with a pair of broad, short spines near basal corners which are not visible without dis- section or without having the anal segment turned up dorsally ; styles broad, apex truncate and very slightly convex, the inner edge near apex thickened and elevated, the inner edge on basal half squarely produced and meets the fellow style on the median line; aedeagus cylindrical. 429 largest at base, curved dorsad, many small spines pointing basad, start- ing from an apico-dorsal position and crossing over the sides to a ventro- basal point. Length 1.5 mm. ; tegmen .7 mm. Hab. Fort de France, Martinique, B. W. I., Jnne 27, 1911, Described from two male specimens, the type in the American ]Mns. of Xat. Hist., Xew York. The Australian Sheep Fly in Hawaii. BY J. F. ILLIXcaVOKTJl, QUEEXSLAXD, ATSTKALIA. [Presented by O. H. Swezey.] I was surprised to learn that the screw-worm fly that I bred in such abundance from dead cat and rat, before leaving- Hawaii, is the common sheep-fly of Australia. Froggatt* calls it Calliphora ritfi fades, but it should be placed in the genus Chrysomyia. I collected this species in Fiji in 1913; and found it very abundant in Brisbane, during June of this year. At the pres- ent time (August, 1917) I am breeding these flies abundantly from dead animals at Gordonvale. This species was bred by Terry in Hawaii, in 1905, and four of his specimens are in the collection of the Experiment Station, H. S. P. A., but bear no name. The species is of tremendous importance in Australia, where it has taken to living sheep, after breeding for many years in the dead carcasses — just as our Chrysomyia dux did in Hawaii. The development of the species is very rapid as my Hawaii- an notes would indicate. An animal exposed on the 16th of July; larvae hatching on the morning of the I7th and fully developed on the 20th ready to enter soil ; pupal stage about (1 davs. N. S. W. Dept. Agric. Farmer's Bnl. gs, illustrated, page 31. Agr. Gaz. N. S. W., XXV, p. 756, igM- Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc, III, No. 5, April, 1918. 430 The Jumping Plant Lice (Family Psyllidae) of the Hawaiian Islands. A Study in Insect Evolution. BY D. L. CRAWFOED. The fauna and flora of the Hawaiian archipelago are of more than common interest because of the great isolation of these islands from other land bodies and also because thev appear to have held such an isolated position for a very great lapse of time — perhaps since the Paleozoic era. The native vertebrate fauna is exceedingly limited, an endemic bat being the only mammalian species surely native. A considerable number of birds occur, most of the species having developed here from a few early immigrants. 'No endemic reptiles nor amphibia are found here, with the pos- sible exception of a species or two of skinks and these prob- ably were brought in by human agency. Among invertebrates, certain groups of land shells (Mol- lusca) and insects are the most abundant, and at the same time present some very remarkable features. First among these remarkable features is the large number of endemic species representing a comparatively small number of groups. That is to say a comparatively small number of insect and molluscan species have in the more or less remote past chanced to arrive here and establish themselves and, rejuvenated by the new and favorable environment in which they found themselves, have split u]i into a large number of derivative species and even genera, and in several cases even endemic families — one endemic family of beetles (Proterhinidae), one of land shells (Achatinellidae), and one of birds (Drepanididae). This of course indicates that plant immigrants had already established a flora of the Islands upon which these animal immigrants found sustenance. A second remarkable and sigiiificant feature of the endemic Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc, III, No. 5, April, 191 431 fauna is the fact that nearly all groups are inhabitants of dead wood and debris of the kind that sometimes drifts about the oceans, or if not of that type are usually strong in flight. There are no native leaf-eating beetles or grasshoppers or simi- lar insects. The beetles are nearly all wood-borers or ground beetles which commonly hide away under bark. Nearly all the Hymenoptera are borers or forms which nest in logs, etc. Dip- tera are represented mostly by debris inhabiting forms, while of the Lepidoptera we have no native butterflies except one comparatively recent immigrant, but a considerable number of moths some of which are strong in flight and others pupate under bark or in similar situations. The conclusion to be drawn from these facts is that these Islands have been in existence for a very great length of time — long enough for many species to have originated here from a few ancestors — a conclusion which is also supported by geological evidence which points to the existence of the land mass as far back as the Paleozoic. Another conclusion to be drawn from our data is that the islands have always been iso- lated and never a part of a continental land mass, hence re- ceiving no migrations of animals overland but only by long and very precarious voyages over the ocean in logs and floating debris, and perhaps by flight and carriage by winds. From the very small number of ancestral types represented by the en- demic species it would appear that only very rarely did insects and shells succeed in establishing themselves in these Islands. The presence here of some very delicate insects is more difficult to explain. They do not inhabit logs nor debris al- though some are gall makers, and their span of life is very short, especially short in the absence of living foliage to fur- nish them food. Certain homopterous insects, the leaf hoppers and jumping plant lice, are good examples of this type. It is not possible to explain their entrance here by way of a land bridge now disappeared, for if there had been such a bridge beyond doubt more than the meagre few would have become established here. There remains, then, only the ae'encv of 432 iiii<>rati]iii birds, oi- hid. A". ForeAvings colored, not transparent. B^ Forewings nearly all brown or black ; body black, dor- sum reticulately marked. Oahu. H. silvesfris Kirkaldy. B". Forewings irregularly maculated or clouded with brown. C^. jSTotum more or less variegated brown and reddish or orange ; genal cones 2-3 as long as vertex ; wing veins with moderately long setae; wing nearly all brown or black. Oahu. H. monticola Kirkaldy. C^. I^otum mostly brown or black ; genal cones 1-3 as long as vertex or less ; wing veins with very long setae (see Aving pattern in figure). HaAvaii. H. giffardi n. sp. Hevaheva perklnsl Kirkaldy. Length of body 0.8 to 1.4 mm.; length of forewing 1.7 to 2.3 mm. General color pale lemon yellow to orange red, vertex and dorsulum sometimes a little darker; antennae often brownish on distal half or two- thirds; tarsi dark. Body surface covered sparsely with stifif hairs. Head nearly as broad as mesothorax, much narrower than meta- thorax, small, deflexed ; vertex half as long as broad, deeply impressed discally on each side of median suture, with several very long stiff hairs near each posterior ocellus ; genal cones not quite as long as vertex, conical, subacute, somewhat divergent and sparsely hirsute. Antennae about as long as or a little longer than width of head, slender, with several moderately long setae on apical third. Thorax broad, not much arched, sparsely hirsute ; pronotum short. Legs rather large, femora large; hind tibiae with 5 to 7 short black spines at apex; tarsi thick. Forewings hyaline, clear or slightly fumate or ochreous, veins setiferous ; first marginal cell a little larger than second, latter variable in size. 450 Abdomen short. ]\Iale genitalia small; anal valve a little longer than forceps, truncate at apex, straight on anterior margin, very convex on posterior margin ; forceps slender, subterete, arched, black-pointed at tips. Female genital segment about half as long as abdomen, thick at base and abruptly converging to acute apex, valves subequal in length. Distribution :— Island of Oalin— Mt. Olympus (1800 to 2500 ft,), bred from conical galls on leaves of Pelea clusiaefo- lia and P. lydgatei,. August 20, 1917 (Crawford) ; same local- ity on foliage of Pelea (Swezey) ; Wailupe, January 23, 1915, on Pelea (Swezey) ; Mt. Kaala, on Pelea (Swezey). TIevaheva silvcstris Kirkaldy. Length of body about 1.3 mm.; length of forewing 1.9 mm. General color dark brown to blackish or reddish ; legs and antennae pale, latter yellowish except last two segments dark ; femora and tarsi darker than tibiae; forewings dark brown, with one or two irregular, more hyaline areas. Body surface covered sparsely with stiff hairs. Head not quite as broad as mesothorax, much narrower than nieta- thorax, deflexed ; vertex not quite twice as broad as long, with a deep discal depression on each side of median suture, sharply elevated on posterior margin, with a few stiff hairs near posterior ocelli. Genal cones about half as long as vertex, conical, acute, sparsley hairy, scarcely divergent. Antennae not longer than width of head, slender. Thorax moderately broad, stiffly pubescent. Legs short, femora thick ; hind tibiae with about six short black spines at apex. Forewings not transparent, rounded at apex, narrow, veins setigerous, radial mar- gin thick. Abdomen short. Male genital segment small ; forceps a little more than half as long as anal valve, slender, terete on basal half but angulate above, apex sharply curved inward and subacutely pointed. Anal valve broad in caudal view, longer than forceps, anterior margin (lateral view) straight and posterior margin convex with greatest breadth sub-basally. Female genital segment short, thick at base, abruptly con- verging to subacute apex. Distribution: — Island of Oahu — Mt. Tantalus (Perkins); Kaumuohona (Swezey), 1 female determined by Kirkaldy; Mt. Olympus, elevation 2000 ft. (Swezey) ; Wailupe, January 23, 1915 (Swezey); Palolo Hills, on foliage of Pelea rotundi- folia, many males and females. The life habits of this species arc not well known. 451 Hevaheva liyaVnm n. sp. Size of body and wings about the same as in H. silvcstris. Color of body about the same or a little lighter, but forewings hyaline or nearly so, very slightly browned or smoky, not opaquely colored; legs and antennae lighter colored or similar. Hairs on body surface and wing veins much shorter and somewhat less conspicuous. Structural characters about the same, but antennae a little longer and genal cones a little larger ; wing venation similar, but setae shorter ; genitalia similar, differing only in minor characters. Distribution : — Island of Hawaii — Olaa, Glenwood, eleva- tion 2400 ft., September 9, 1917 (W. M. Giffard), 1 pair. This species appears to be a derivative of H. silvestris by segregation on a separate island. Further collecting, however, is necessary to establish the relationships beyond doubt. Hevaheva moiiticola Kirkaldy. Length of body 1.4 mm.; length of forewing 2.1 mm. General color brown ; vertex, posterior half of dorsulum, and notum between fore- wings very light brown or orange ; antennae orange, except last two segments black ; femora and tibiae brown, tarsi lighter ; forewings hya- line but clouded and maculated with brown as indicated in figure. Body surface with stiff pubescence. Head rather broad, as broad as mesothorax but narrower than meta- thorax, declivous ; vertex about half as long as broad, with a deep discal depression on each side of median suture and much elevated narrowly on posterior margin, with a few long hairs near posterior ocelli. Genal cones about two-thirds as long as vertex, conical, subacute, only a little divergent, sparsely pubescent. Antennae only a little longer than width of head, slender, distal segments with setae. Thorax rather narrow, not much arched, surface with scattered, stiff hairs ; leg rather short, stout, femora thick ; hind tibiae with about 7 short black spines at apex. Forewings elongate, rounded at apex, veins prominent, setose ; marginal cells subequal or first a little larger than second ; radial margin thick ; membrane maculated with brown conspic- uously. Male genitalia small ; forceps about half as long as anal valve, sharply curved inward and acute at apex, rather slender. Anal valve straight on anterior margin, roundly convex on posterior. Female genital segment short and thick, about half as long as abdomen, aliruptly tapering to acute apex; valves subequal. Distribution : — Island of Oahu — Mt. Tantalus, elevation 2000 ft., October (Perkins) ; Palolo Hills (Swezey) ; Kaumu- ohona (Swezey). 452 Hevalieva giffardi n. sp. Length of body 1.7 mm. ; length of forewing 3.0 mm. ; general color dark brown to dull black ; legs, metacoxae, pleurae and antennae light or pale brown or yellowish. Body surface covered sparsely with long stiff hairs. Head as broad as mesothorax, not quite as broad as metathorax. some- what declivous ; vertex broad, about half as long as broad, narrowly elevated on posterior margin, with a deep, discal fossal depression on each side of median suture extending obliquely toward antennal bases, roundly convex between each depression and median suture ; with a few long stiff hairs along median suture and near each posterior ocellus, genal cones short, one-third or one-fourth as long as vertex, divergent, subacute, with a tuft of short hairs at base of each near anterior ocellus. Antennae about as long as width of head, or sometimes a little longer, slender with a few setae distad. Thorax moderately broad and arched, with conspicuously long and stiff hairs; legs rather long, slender, hary ; hind tibiae with 4 or 5 short black spines at apex. Forewings broad, hyaline but maculated conspicuously with brown (as indicated in figure), veins and margins beset with long setae, the costal and apical margins with a double row and the others with single row ; first marginal cell very large ; radius long. Abdomen short. Male forceps slender, acuminate, about ^ as long' as anal valve or more, subacute at apex. Anal valve with anterior margin straight, posterior margin convex, broadest near base, fringed caudad with long, fine hairs. Female genital segment not as long as abdomen, acutely pointed, dorsal valve a little longer than ventral, with a large tuft of long hairs at about the middle of the dorsal valve dorsad. Distribution : — Island of Hawaii — Olaa, elevation 3000 ft., September 8, 1917 (W. M. Giffard), 26 specimens, both sexes. Taken on leaves of Platydesma campanulata. This is the most ornate of the species thus far known in these Islands and appears to be limited to Hawaii in the mountains. Megatrioza pahnicola n. sp. Length of body, male 2.~ mm. ; female 4.0 mm. ; length of forewing, male 3.8 mm. ; female 4.7 mm. General color brown to light brown ; head tawny or flavous, eyes dark, and often a short narrow dark streak on each side of median suture of vertex ; pronotum usually brown ; thoracic dorsum with several more or less prominent, longitudinal brown streaks ; abdomen brown ; venter, legs and antennae flavous. Body large, surface somewhat hairy. Head about as broad as mesothorax but not as broad as metathorax, declivous ; vertex about half as long as broad, with a discal depression 453 on each side of median suture, posterior ocelli slightly elevated, anterior half bulging and clothed with moderately long hairs. Genal cones short, seldom more than ^ or 1-3 as long as vertex, subacute, divergent, somewhat separated. Eyes very large. Antennae slender, not quite twice as long as width of head. Thorax large, broad, well arched, surface briefly and sparsely pubes- cent ; legs rather long, stout, pubescent ; hind tibiae with a spur at base and two prominent teeth at apex, one bifid and one simple and a third long tooth a little before the apex. Forewings large, long, hyaline or very slightly smoky, with four dark spots on hind margin, one at tip of clavus and the other three the regular marginal spots characteristic of this subfamily but darker and more prominent. Abdomen long in both sexes; male forceps nearly as long as anal valve, slender, narrowing slightly toward subacute apex, hairy. Anal valve much broader than forceps, posterior margin convex, broadest near base and narrowing distad to truncate apex. Female genital seg- ment large, not as long as abdomen but often nearly so, both valves acutely pointed, dorsal longer than ventral. Distribution: — Island of Oahu — Piinahiu (O. H. Swezej) ; Waihipe, January 23, 1915 (Swezey) ; Mt. Olympus, eleva- tion 2500 ft., September, 1917 (Swezey and Crawford) ; Wai- ahole, August 23, 1916. Food plant: Fan palm (Pritcliardia spp.), native palms. This species appears to occur only on the endemic palms which are comparatively rare on Oahu. The insects live on the younger fronds, especially those just unfolding, from which they can readily suck the sap and in the folds of which they find good refuge and seclusion. Megatiioza is a Polynesian genus, distinguished l)y the armature of the hind tibiae together with certain cephalic and wing characters. Thus far there are ten known species of this genus^ in the Malay Archipelago and Peninsula and the Phil- ippines, though there are doubtless many more to be discovered, as this appears to be a large genus. Xone of these known ten species shows any marked relationship to the Hawaiian species, so that it is probable that the latter is derived from some other still unknown species. It is possible that it may occur else- where, being merely an introduction here, but the indications 1 These species are described in a forthcoming paper on paleotropical Psyllidae by the author of this paper. 454 are that it is trnlj endemic since it occurs only on the native pahns in the niomitains and not on cultivated pahns in the coast lands. The species bears some resemblance to the endemic Trioza species and at first was believed by the writer to have been derived from the same ancestry. In wing venation and male genitalia there is a similarity bnt the form of the genal cones and especially the tibial armature are distinct, while in all these characters there is considerable similarity to Megatnoza. Genus Ccrotrioza novum. Head scarcely declivous, rather long ; vertex produced in front into two horn-like epiphyses over antennal bases ; genae produced more or less into cones or subspherically swollen. Antennae slender. Thorax not much arched, narrow; hind tibiae with small basal spur or callus and small subapical spine. Forewings narrow, opaque or semi-opaque, macu- lated ; first marginal cell usually larger than second ; hind wings nearly as long as forewings. Type of genus: — Cerotrioza hirifiata. Two additional species, not yet described, are known from the South Pacific — one from Borneo and another from Singa- pore. The genus appears to be somewhat related to Megairioza but has become very specialized in some features. The Ha- waiian species is manifestly related to the other two luit hardly derived from either. It is probably endemic here but its origin must still be a matter of conjecture. It appears to have no relationship to the other endemic species of psyllids here. Ccrotrioza Jjivittata n. sp. Length of body 1.8 mm.; length of forewing 2.2 mm. General color pale greenish yellow on dorsum and venter ; eyes dark and a broad, dark brown vitta alongside of head continued on pleurae of thorax to base of forewings and thence along central axis of each forewing to apex; legs pale yellow or straw colored; antennae whitisli, except two basal segments brownish and apical two black. Body slender. Head scarcely deflexed, very long. Vertex longer than broad, with a discal, sulcate depression on each side of median line and the two meeting at median line near anterior end; with two rounded, knoblike prolongations at anterior end of vertex reaching out beyond and over antennal sockets, with front ocellus at base of emargination between them. Frons visible as a very small sclerite bearing the front ocellus 455 at one end. Genae swollen somewhat beneath antennal bases. Clypeus small. Antennae slender, about 1^2 times as long as width of head. ■ Thorax narrow, scarcely arched. Pronotum moderately long ; legs long and slender, slightly hairy ; tibial spines very small, black. Fore- wings long and slender, opaque and whitish, subacute at apex, venation similar to that of other species of this genus, with a broad, axial brown band from base to apex with numerous darker brown spots within it ; veins beset with short setae. Abdomen slender, long. Male genitalia small ; forceps small, terete, acute, arcuate, about 2-3 as long as anal valve; latter broad in caudal view, posterior margin (lateral view) convex. Female genital segment half as long as abdomen, dorsal valve blunt, a little longer than ventral. Distribution: — Island of Oahu — Opaenla, March 30, lOlo (O. H. Swezey), 3 males on Xylosma Hawaiiense; Xin, Feb. 10, 1918 (Swezey), 2 females and 1 male, on same plant. 456 Plate VIII. ExPLA^^xVTiox OF Figures. Figure 1. Trioza iolani, forewing. la. Wing margin highly magnified and showing setae. 11). Frontal view of head and genal cones. Ic. Profile view of male genitalia. 2. Trioza Ia)iaiensis, forewing. 2a — 2e. same views as in 1. 3. Kuwaijama )i'ujricapita, forewing. •5a — oc. Same as in 1, drawn to same scale. 4. IlevaJiera perl-i)isi, forewing. 4a — 4c. Same as above, drawn to same scale. 5. He rail era giffardi, forewing. 5a — 5c. Same as above, drawn to same scale. 6. Megatrioza pahnicola, forewing, drawn to same scale as others. T. Cerofrioza hiriffata, forewing. 7a. Dorsal view of head, showing processes of vertex; genae not visible. 457 Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc, III, Plate VIII. 458 DECEMBER 13th, 1917. The one hundred forty-seventh meeting of the Society Avas held in the usual place, President Potter in the chair. Other members present: Messrs. Bridwell, Crawford, Ehrhorn, Ful- lawaj, Pemberton, Swezey, Timberlake and Wilder. Minutes of previous meeting read and approved. The Committee on dispositon of "types" of Hawaiian insects, submitted a recommendation that the Society establish a collection to be located at present in the Entomological De- partment of the Experiment Station of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association, to be in the custody of the Executive C^ommittee, and to be maintained especially for the deposition of types. The recommendation was unanimously approved. Mr. F. X. Williams was elected to active membership in the Society. The Treasurer's report for the year was submitted. Tt showed a balance of $19.51, and was accepted subject to being audited. OFFICERS ELECTED FOR 1918: President C. E. Pembertox Vice-President P. H. Ti.aiberlake Secretary-Treasurer D. T. Ftllaway xotes axd exhibitioxs. Sroha nianilae. — Mr. Bridwell reported finding recently a female of this recently introduced wasp in Makiki Valley at least a mile from where any had been liberated. Trypoxylon sp. — ^Mr. Timberlake exhibited a nest of this wasp made in a glass i)ipette, less than one-fourth inch in diam- eter and open at the top. The wasp had made the nest while the pipette was standing in a rack in the chemical laboratory. Trioza sp. — Mr. Ehrhorn exhibited the peculiar larva of a Psyllid, taken bv him on a canna leaf. 459 GrijlJus pacificus. — Mr. Swezey exhibited sticks of sugar cane from a field in Oahu Sngar Company's plantation, show- ing large holes Avliieh had been eaten by this cricket. A large nnml)er were thns eaten in i^arts of the field. It was the first record of injury to cane by this cricket. Plianeiotoina sp. — A cocoon of this Braconid was found by Mr. Rosa near the remains of the larva of Canjoborus gonagra in a Cassia pod. In another case a cocoon of the same Braco- nid was found near the remains of a Lepidopterous larva in a Cassia pod. Annual Address. BY W. R. R. POTTER. Before presenting these notes for the guidance of fellow members of the Hawaiian Entomological Society in the Art of Illustrating and the various means whereby they may most easily attain the end desired I wish to thank Mr. Fullaway for the public spirit he showed in assuming at a moment's notice the duties of the Secretary, Captain H. T. Osborn, when the latter was called to the Reserve Officers' Training Camp. The methods used in reproducing photographs wash line and pencil drawings are very little understood by the average man and it is with the idea of simplifying matters for the engraver and the entomologist that these brief notes are writ- ten. We will first take up the production of a line drawing. A line drawing is a drawing made wdth pen or brush, as distin- guished from one made by washes of monochrome or sepia. We will assume that the specimen has been drawn in pencil and the author wishes it reproduced as a figure or plate to accompany his article for publication. The material required: Ross board, Winsor & ^Newton's Mandarin ink, a piece of blue transfer paper that w^ll give easily discernible blue lines when traced, having been procured, we will proceed to produce a drawing that Avill satisfy both illustrator and engraver. Your 460 drawing wc take for granted has been made two or three diameters hirger than it is desired to appear as a finished plate. The advantages of drawing larger than the size of the illnstra- tion required, is that it allows of a coarser line which is con- ducive to blackness or density in the lines used. This is an all-important matter. Drawings made the same size generally have a lot of weak lines which are reproduced in the negative as grey as distinguished from the clear glass of a black line. The grey line in the engraver's parlance comes up "rotten" and not giving sufficient resistance to the acid used in etching, is etched away or lost and the engraving assumes a bald or ragged apearance. Having carefully fastened your pencil drawing by two or more corners to the Ross or Bristol board, place your transfer paper coated side down on the Ross board beneath the drawing, then take a tracing point and go over your drawing line for line, raising your copy and transfer paper at intervals to assure yourself that you have not missed any por- tion of the drawing. When a complete tracing has been made- remove your pencil sketch and cover your copy with the excep- tion of the portion you wish to work on with a clean piece of paper and proceed to put in your heaviest lines and portions of solid black. Your lines should curve with the curvature of the surface you are representing. Pits, protuberances and hollows should be shown by careful drawing, trying at all times to keep your lines open and free from any scratchiness and breaks. To one not used to line, stipple is far simpler and may be used to advantage. When your drawing is complete, your figures numbered or lettered, carefully rub out your tracing lines with stale bread or soft rubber, mark the reduction in blue pencil on the margin clear of the drawing and it is ready for the en- graver. We will now follow the drawing in its course of reproduc- tion. The engraver having satisfied himself of the reduction required and focussed accurately takes a collodion plate and immerses it in a silver bath, then inserts it into a dark slide or plate-carrier and exposes it by the aid of the electric light for 461 a time known to be sufficient. The plate is then carried to the dark room and developed, fixed and washed, dried, coated with a rubber solution and stript from the glass, being then floated on to a thick sheet of plate glass with other negatives and put into a printing frame with a pieve of sensitized zinc plate and printed, after which it is taken to the coating room and a light coating of etching ink is applied by means of a roller. This coats the whole of the plate. The parts affected by the light, the clear lines in the negative, are insoluble. The parts not affected are soluble and when the plate is washed under the faucet the soluble parts are washed away, leaving your drawing reduced to scale on a background of bright zinc. The plate is then dried and rosin is dusted on so as to strengthen the acid- resisting etching ink. It is then given a light etch sufficient to give a sharp line but of little depth. It is then further dusted to protect the sides of the lines, heated so that the resin becomes incorporated with the etching ink and etched until sufficient depth is attained. It then goes to the router, who routs out all the metal which is not wanted, and is ready for the blocker, who mounts it on a type-high block of pear or apple wood, and it is then ready for the press. With your wash drawing the method you use is distinctly different. Your tones are secured by the depth of color applied and you assure texture by the fidelity of your drawing. The material used is Bristol board, India ink or sepia and your first wash will be of the same value and density as the lightest ])ortion of your drawing, putting in successive washes and detail until the drawing is complete. We will now follow the wash drawing in its course thru the engraver's hands, who, to reproduce it, has to interpose a Levy screen at a known dis- tance in front of his wet plate. These screens are ruled with lines varying from 50 to 400 lines to the inch and ruled in both directions. This when the negative is made you will find has broken up your drawing into thousands of small dots and the whole of the drawing is covered — not only the ])arts you have drawn but the white background as well. This is 462 then printed on copper in the manner ontlined for zinc plates, nsing a sensitized enamel in place of etching ink and etched in perchloride of iron. The i)late is then bevelled and mounted and made ready for the printer. Just two methods have been briefly described and the others are more or less similar. A pencil drawing is reproduced by Fio-. 1. ri< the halftone process, as is also photographs, drawings made with Conti crayon or lithographic crayon on prepared boards, having its surface specially prepared by rolling over an en- graved cylinder, are reproduced without the aid of a Levy screen. The plate reproduced gives in fig. 1 a line engTaving of a pen and ink sketch, in fig. 2 a halftone of a wash drawing, in fig. o a reproduction of a drawing on Ross's stipple board, and in fig. 4 of a pencil sketch made on Fig. 2. Fio'. 4. 463 "Whatman's paper and reprodnced l\v halftone. This will give you some idea of the possilnlities of each method and in con- clusion it is advisahle to state that Idack lines of good density, photographs with a fair amount of contrast and wash drawings of accurate and forceful drawing- are desirable from the en- graver's as well as the illustrator's point of view. A New Genus of Pteroptricine Aphelininae (Hymenoptera). BY I). T. FI^LLAWAY. In 1013 I characterized the genus I'tcropfricJioides to re- ceive a truly remarkable insect bred by j\Ir. Jacob Kotinsky from a diaspine scale on a Bombay mango {Leiicaspis indicai). Since then I have found other specimens of the same insect, bred from Morganella longispma, among which the male sex is represented, and as the original description was based on a slide mount and I now have al)undant fresh as well as pre- served material, I am able to add to its accuracy and complete- The head is transverse and the lower part, below the eyes, is strongly chitinized and protuberant. The lateral ocelli are separated from the margin of the eye by a space nearly as wide as their diameter. The antennae in both sexes are flattened outwardly. In the male the ist and 3rd funicle joints and the three joints of the club are subequal, each a little longer than the pedicel and each fluted. The 2nd funicle joint is transverse, its length only one-third its width. The scutellum is short and wide and the posterior margin is rounded. The marginal vein is very much thickened and there is no postmarginal or stigmal. In life P. pcrkinsi is black, the head (mostly) and a semicircular band on the thorax following the parapsidal grooves to and including the tegulae and the posterior margin of the mosonotum brown, scutellum lemon yellow, antennae and legs brown to fuscous. The species referred at the same time to Pferoptrichoides and supposedly ])red from Asterolecaniion pustidans and How- ardia hicJavis, has since been recovered abundantly from the latter scale but not from the former, which I believe to be an erroneous record. It differs to such an extent from P. perkinsi Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc, III, Xo. 5, April, igif 464 that the two cannot be included in the same genus, and I there- fore propose a new genus for it, characterized as folloAvs : PSEUDOPTEEOPTRIX gCU. UOV. Belongs in the same category as Ptcroptrix and Ptcroptrichoidcs but wing and antennal characteristics essentially different. Short and stout, head transverse and widely impressed between the eyes, antennae attached just above the mouth. 8-jointed, scape slender, fusiform, nearly reaching vertex, flagellum stouter, pedicel obconic, less than one-half scape, 3- jointed funicle about twice the length of the pedicel, the two first joints short and narrow, almost moniliform. the 3rd wide and longer, of equal width with club, which is 3-jointed and about as long as funicle and pedicel together, flattened and fluted, the ultimate joint thin and pointed. Eyes fairly small and hairy, cheeks almost as long, ocelli forming an isosceles triangle, the anterior angle of which is obtuse, lateral members about twice their diameter from eye margin. Thorax rather flat, prono- tum inconspicuous, mcsonotum full and rounded, parapsidal grooves dis- tinct, scutellum broad and rounded behind. Abdomen short and rounded behind, the ovipositor only slightly exserted, a fascia of long hairs com- ing from anterior lateral angle of ultimate segment. Wings with discal ciliation complete (except at very base and at apex of stigmal vein) and rather closely set, marginal ciliation short, longest on posterior margin outwardly, inwardly the margin is plainly chitinized, marginal vein short- er than submarginal and greatly thickened, the submarginal also at ex- tremity and the short stigmal of equal width, the latter curved, no post- marginal. P. imltatr'ix n. sp. Black, legs and antennae pallid, scutellum lemon yellow often with a greenish or bluish tinge. Length .8 mm., antennae .35 mm., wing .5 mm. long, .2 mm. wide. There is also a slide mount of this species marked "ex Aspidiotus rapax". 465 Notes on the Bruchidae and Their Parasites in the Hawaiian Islands. BY JOIIX COLBUKX BlUDWELL. Geographical. The Bruchid-ae constitute one of the smaller families of Co- leoptera, abont 700 species being listed in the most recent cat- alogue, that of Pic (Coleopterornm Catalogais, pars. 55, 1913). In this work they are arranged in thirteen genera of which Bruclius alone is cosmopolitan in the sense that it extends into all the major zoogeographical regions. However, when this poly- morphic genns is dismembered into its constituents it will doubtless be found that none of these are so widely distributed. Of the other genera Speifnophacjus and Pachymerus (=Caryo- honis auet.) are widely distributed but do not extend into the Australian region if we include Xew Caledonia in the Indo- Malayan region where it belongs entomologically. Pseudopa- chymerus Pic (=Pachy merits auct.) has its metropolis in the Neotropical and extends into the Ethiopian and Palaearetic. Carymenopon occurs in the Indo-Malayan and Ethiopian re- gions. The remaining genera are known from a single region ; Rhaehus, Pygohruclius, and Kytorrhinus from the Palaearetic; Pygiopachymerus, Phelomerus, Impressobruchus, Megahrhipis, from the Xeotropical ; Diegobruchiis from the Ethiopian; no peculiar genera occur in the Indo-Malayan, the Australian, or the Nearctic regions. The I^eotropical region has the greatest number of recorded species with about 300 ; next comes the Palaearetic with about 200 ; the Ethiopian and N^earctic have each about a hundred species known but when the African spe- cies are as well known as the North American they will doubt- less approach the numbers of the Palaearetic; from the Indo- Malayan only about 50 species are recorded and from the Aus- tralian only about 10 ; none are known to occur in the Polyne- sian Islands or in Xew Zealand excepting those introduced through commerce. 466 Bruchidae Eecent IinniioTants Into Hawaii. ]^o species of Bruchidae are then members of endemic fau- na of the Hawaiian Islands but at least eight sisecies belonging to three genera have already become established here and sev- eral have been intercepted in quarantine inspection. The following species have previously been reported as oc- curring in the Hawaiian Islands: Bruchus obtectus Say, the common bean weevil; Bruclius cliineyisis Linne, the cowpea weevil; Brucliiis quadrimacidatus Fabricius, the four-spotted bean weevil; Bruchus prosopis Leconte, the niesquite or alga- roba weevil ; Caryohorus gonagra Fabricius, the tamarind wee- vil. To these may now be added (1) Bruchus pruininus Horn; (2) an undetermined Br^uchus of the group of B. chinensis and B. quadrimaculatus closely related to Bruchus ornatus Bohe- man which may for convenience be termed the Dolichos weevil ; and (3) a small Spermophagus or Zabrotes, as yet undeter- mined but perhaps identical with Spermophagus (Zabrotes) pectoralis Sharp. Aside from these Bruchus pisorum Linne and B. rufimanus Boheman occur commonly in imported peas {Pisum saUvum) and broad or horse beans (Vicia faba) re- spectively.* Table of Hawaiian Brucliidae. The recognition of these species may perhaps be facilitated by the following table: 1. Hind femora slender, without teeth of any kind, hind tibiae with w^eak spinules within and two stout movable spines at the apex. A small, compact species, the female with two whitish transverse spots of pubescence on the sides of the elytra near the middle Zabrotes. *In discussing these species I have preferred, in the absence of any general acceptance of any one set of proposed emendations of the nomen- clature of the species and genera and lacking the necessary time or literature to arrive at independent conclusions, to use the terms in gen- eral use. At the same time I fully recognize the desirability of separat- ing the natural genera confused under the old genus Bruchus and also the necessity of basing coleopterous nomenclature on the law of priority. 467 Hind femora thickened, Avith one tooth or more beneath near the apex 2 2. Hind femora strongly swollen, with several teeth beneath. A large, rather elongate species, reddish brown throngh- ont - Caryohorus gonagra. Hind femora less swollen, with one or two teeth and some- times two denticles 3. 3. Hind femora with one tooth withont and one within 4. Hind femora with one tooth, with or withont denticles.... 6. 4. Form compact, posterior middle lobe of pronotum clothed with snowy-white pnbescence, antennae of male pectinate - BriLchus chine nsis Form more slender, pnbescence of middle lobe dnll, anten- nae of male serrate 5. 5. Smaller, pronotnm and elytra more sparsely pnbescent, in- tegument of elytra dark along the lateral and hind margins usually expanded in the female into a dark semicircular spot, integument of pronotum largely dark, pygidium of female with large, distinctly separated, lateral, integu- mentary dark spots, outer subapical tooth of hind femora acute Bruclhus quadrimacidatus Larger, pronotum and elytra more densely pubescent, pro- notum and elytra reddish, narrowly crescentic dark integu- mentary spot on the sides of the elytra, pygidium of female reddish with a dark narrowly divided subapical cloudy spot, outer subapical tooth of hind femora blunt _ Dolichos lueevil 6. Pronotum with a blunt obsolescent tooth on either side near the middle, hind femora with a single tooth .....7. Pronotum with the sides evenly rounded, hind femora with one tooth, with or without two denticles 8. 7. Hind femora acutely toothed, pronotum broader, pygidium with two definite dark spots Bruckiis pisorum Hind femora obtusely or obsoletely toothed, pronotum nar- rower, dark sjDots of pygidium absent or poorly defined.... Bruchus rufinianus 468 8. Hind femora with one tooth and no denticles. A small, compact species, entirely leaden gray above Briicliiis pruininus 9. Hind femora with one tooth and two denticles beyond the tooth. Larger, more elongate species, more or less mottled or marked above 9. 9. Elytra reddish, hind femora entirely reddish, pygidinm more nearly horizontal, sides of three ventral segments visible from above.... Bruckus prosopis Elytra dark, hind femora dark above, pygidinm more nearly vertical, no ventral "segments visible from above Bnichiis ohtectus Bruckus pndninus. BruchiLS pruininus was taken in Angaist, 1917, while sweep- ing beneath a clump of the bushes of Leucaena glauca, locally known as false koa or koa haole, from a fancied resemblance to the leaf -bearing shoots or young trees of Acacia koa. The plant was investigated as a host plant and B. pruininus has since been bred in large numbers from its seeds, both those naturally infested and those with eggs deposited on them by the beetles in captivity. The pods of Leucaena are flat, about six inches long by a half inch broad, and contain about a dozen rich brown flat ovate seeds. They are produced in great abundance and hang in clusters upon the bushes for some time after they have ripened and turned brown. Then they split apart from the edges in the iniddle and thus the seeds are exposed for a little while before they drop to the ground and during this period a few of the eggs are deposited on them. Apparently most of them are, however, laid after the seeds have dropped. I have seen no signs of any eggs being laid upon the pods of this plant or on those of any other of its host plants. In one instance the eggs of this species were found deposited upon the seeds of indigo. (Indigifera anil) and subsequently some undersized adults emerged. The pods of the indigo are small and curved 469 and remain attached to the plant for long periods after they have split open and exposed the little blackish seeds but little larger than a fnll-sized adnlt B. pruininus. I have also found it attacking the seeds of Seshania seshan in the open. In this plant the pods are long and slender and hang for a long time upon the tree, in time splitting open on one side so as to permit oviposition upon the seeds, though the opening is so narrow as to cause one to wonder how the beetle is able to reach them. The adults from these seeds are also somewhat under-sized. From less than a pint of these seeds I secured more than a thousand seeds upon which eggs had been laid, and a large part of these later produced beetles. It has been recorded from California as breeding in the seeds of the desert iron wood {Olneya tesota), from black locust (Robinia pseudaca- cia) and from some of the introduced species of Acacia. In confinement I have induced B melius pruininus to ovi- posit upon 44 species of seeds, as may be seen in the table presented further on in this paper. Of these Glycine hispida, AracJiis liypogaea, Prosopis jidiflora, Cassia fistula, C. nodosa,. Desmodium uncinatum, Albizzia saponaria, DesmantMis vir- gcdus. Acacia hoa, and Caesalpinia pidclierrima can serve as larval food and from them adults have been bred. It is hardly to be expected that any of these excepting perhaps Desmanthus and Albizzia saponaria will be found infested naturally. Bruchus pruininus is easily reared in captivity, the adults mating immediately after emergence, the females ovipositing in about three days. The adults in nature visit the flowers of the host plants and feed upon the pollen. On the heads of Leucaena they soon work their way down among the stamens and remain for some time. In captivity they readily feed upon nectar, sugar and water, or honey, and if fed will live for a number of days. I should judge that they may live for a month or more. Feeding need not precede oviposition though. apparently it does normally. In mating the hind tibiae of the male are bent beneath the abdomen of the female, while the front and middle legs keep 470 up a tickling movement on the edges of the elytra and abdomen of the female, which responds with occasional slow kicking movements of her hind legs against the sternum of the male, which tends to dislodge him from his position. The eggs of Bruchus fjruinirhus are of a type common among Bruchid eggs broadly ovate and flattened by the glue- like substance which cements them to the seed, entirely cover- ing the egg and affording after hardening a strong support from which the first-stage larva works in penetrating the tough seedcoat. As will be seen in a later discussion the female exercises but little discrimination in oviposition with regard to the fitness of the seed for larval food. Several eggs may be laid upon a single seed but the seed of Leucaena can supply nourishment for only about three larvae. A single larva can develop in an indigo or sesban seed, while in cap- tivity several large individuals can be bred from a single l:er- nel of a peanut, JSTone of the plants in which Bmclius prumirius breeds in the Islands is of any particular economic value at present and all are so free-seeding that it plays very little part in checking their spread. Whether it will continue to breed in stored seeds indefinitely remains to be seen. It is easy enough by securing unopened pods to keep seed free from infestation. It is impossible to say with any certainty when Bruchus pruininus made its way into the Islands but the method of its coming is indicated by some notes accompanying some speci- mens of the species contained in the entomological collections of the Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station. They wers taken by Mr. Van Dine from a package of seeds of Acacia moUissima purchased from the Cox Seed Company, San Fran- cisco, Cal., in 1904. This note by Van Dine under the head of Insect Enemies of the black wattle (Acacia decurrens) ap- pears to refer to this insect, '^An undescribed species of weevil {Bruchus) was taken from seeds purchased in San Francisco. It was presumably introduced into California from Australia or South Africa." There can be little doubt, however, of its 471 identity with B. pridninus^ with the description of which it agrees. The insect is apparently extending its range in Cali- fornia since I have seen specimens taken by Mr. Swezey at Chico, while all the earlier records were from Southern Cali- fornia. Its establishment in the Hawaiian Islands was not, however, probably due to this particular shipment of seed, since this was probably fumigated at once, as is the custom there. It must, however, have been established from similar shipments about that time or earlier, since I am informed by Mr. David Ilaughs, plantings of Acacia molVissima and A. decurrens have practically ceased since that time because these trees have not proved adaptable to Hawaiian conditions. Bruchus pruininus has been found generally distributed wherever looked for in the warmer coastal belt of Oahu and has been taken by Mr. Swezey in similar localities on Maui. The Dolichos Weevil. Mr. Swezey bred the Dolichos weevil in 1908 from the beans of a white variety of Dolichos lahlah escaped from culti- vation, and called my attention to it and to its peculiar method of oviposition upon the pods of its host-plant. The eggs are laid upon the -pods often while still quite green in masses of from three to six and are attached to each other and to the pod by means of a glue-like substance extruded by the female, as are the single eggs of B. pnuninus and many other species. The larvae from an egg mass enter a single bean and develop there, practically destroying it during their development. Upon emerging from the bean the adults pair immediately and eggs are laid within 24 hours. These eggs instead of being laid in egg masses are scattered singly over the surface of the other beans of the pod, several upon each bean. From 133 beans of a dark variety of Dolichos lahlah naturally infested in the pods in the field, 503 weevils emerged or an average of 4.23 weevils. From 296 beans of a white-seeded variety also ap- parently naturally infested, 1286 adults were produced or 4.34 per bean. The greatest number of adults for any one bean 472 was 14 and the greatest number of adults were produecd from beans developing 4 and 5 adnlts in the first lot and from those developing 5 adnlts in the second. The adnlts emerge from the pod by cutting circular openings similar to those made in emerging from the bean. The Dolichos weevil apparentlv breeds commonly here only in Dolichos lahlab, though I have found the eggs on the pods of the lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) and have bred one dimin- utive individual from a lima bean apparently naturally in- fested. In captivity I have succeeded in breeding it from the pigeon pea, cowpea, soy bean, chick pea, adsuki bean, broad bean, mung bean and common pea. Repeated experiments failed to induce it to l)reed in common beans. The Dolichos weevil is rather short-lived in confinement and I doubt if it will succeed in maintaining itself in storage though I have bred it from old cowpeas and Dolichos beans in which the cotyledons were very tough and hard. My breedings gave from 40 to .55 days as the period required for its development from egg to adult during the cooler part of the year in Honolulu. Doliclios lahlaJ), locally known as the papapa bean, is used to some extent as food, but the weevil would seriously interfere with its further use since the weevil is generally distributed and abundant. Dr. H. L. Lyon, who has been studying the va- rieties of Dolichos, tells me that it has often prevented his se- curing satisfactory seed. In examining some of his samples of seeds grown by him it is interesting to note that all varieties grown except one known as Dolichos sudanensis were attacked by this weevil. What were said to be samples of the original stocks of seed secured from a seed company in Philadelphia and from a German firm were infested, apparently having been infested at the time they were brought into the Islands. These shipments were long subsequent to the establishment of the weevil as shown by Mr. Swezey's breeding it in 1908. The species appears closely related to Bmchus quadriniacu- 473 latus and is probaLly, like that species, Oriental, or possibly, African, like its host-plant. Bniehus ohtectiu'i in Hawaii. Bruclius ohtectus was reported by Van Dine in 190-i as bred from stored beans from Kauai and has been frequently bred since then from beans purchased in stores in Honolulu but there has always been some uncertainty as to the source of the material from which they had been bred and in conse- quence some uncertainty as to its status here. I have seen abundant material bred from beans grown in Honolulu and from the island of Maui. jSTo doubt remains as to its estab- lishment and its presence in such abundance as to form a serious problem in the local production of beans. Its presence necessitates the fumigation of all of the large crop produced on Maui. While the data at hand do not indicate the time re- quired for development there can be no doubt that from eight to ten generations may be produced in a year and that breed- ing is continuous here in stored beans infested while in the field. Lima beans and tepary beans may be readily infested ex- perimentally and the former have been found appreciably injured in the field. It is curious that the individuals develop- ing at the expense of lima beans are much smaller than those from either common or tepary beans. This is also true of the individuals of Bruclms quadrimacuJatus and the Dolichos weevil bred from the same host. I have so far been unable to rear the bean weevil from other beans and j^eas, though my experiments are as yet inconclusive. From 187 beans of three different varieties including red kidney and bayou, the third of a similar size, all naturally infested in the field, 370 weevils emerged or a little less than 2 per bean. Of these 115 emerged from beans which produced only a single beetle. 474 Bruchus chine nsis in Hawaii. This species has been recorded elsewhere as breeding in seeds of Phaseolus radiatiis {=(irticulatus) , Phaseolus mun- goy P. vulgaris, Cajanus indicus, Pisum sativum, Ervum lens, Cicer arietinum, Dolichos lablab. Glycine liispida, Vigna chi- nensis, and indefinitely from beans. It is common here, attack- ing pigeon peas in the field, the eggs being laid either npon the unbroken pod or if the pod has cracked open, as is common when the ripe pods have remained for some time on the- bnshes, npon the peas. When the eggs have been laid npon the pod and adnlts have bred ont from the peas, they mate and oviposit before cutting their way out of the pod. Oviposition takes place within a few hours after emergence and mating, often within a few minutes. Experimentally I have been able to secure oviposition upon 40 species of leguminous seeds and adults have been bred from Phaseolus articulatus, P. aureus, Vigna chinensis, Cajanus hidicus, Glycine hispida, Cicer arietinum, Vicia faba, and Pisum sativum. Repeated experiments have failed to secure breeding in connnon beans, lima beans, tepary beans, Bruchus chinensis has the shortest life cycle of any of the species studied, adults often emerging during the winter sea- son here in 29 days from oviposition. In storage B. chinensis does not seem to be able to hold its own in competition with B. quadrimacidatus though why this should be true is not apparent since in the only experiment made when adsuki beans were placed with large numbers of adults of both species B. cliinensis emerged in large numbers from the infested beans in due time. Bruch us cjuadriniaculatus. This species has been met with here only as a stored bean and pea weevil, in no case so far has it been found depositing its eggs upon the pods of its host-plants in the field. In one instance the pods of pigeon peas were picked from the inime- 475 diate vicinity of a buildiug in which the adults were emerging in large numbers from the stored pigeon peas and cowpeas but only B. chinensis emerged from the peas. In ISTorth America it readily attacks its hosts in the field but in India this tendency to limit its attacks to stored seeds has been noted. The species is recorded as breeding in cowpeas and peas. I have bred it experimentally from Phaseolus lunatus, P. artic- ulatus, P. aureuSy P. acutifolius, Vigna chinensis, Vigna lutea, Cajanus indicus, Dolichos lahlab, D. sudanensis. Glycine hispi- da, Cicer anetinum, Vicia faha, and Pisum sativum. It requires from 40 to 50 days to complete its transforma- tions during the winter season in Honolulu. Mating and oviposition take place shortly after emergence from the seed. Bruclnis prosopis. This species was originally described from the Colorado Desert of California but is now known also from South Amer- ica and may well have reached us from there. In California, Arizona and Texas it is known to breed in the seeds of Pro- sopis glandulosa and velutina, mesquite, and P. puhescens,- the screw bean. It has been known for many years in Hawaii as a serious enemy of the algaroba or kiawe, Prosopis juliflora. Mr. FuUaway records breeding it from pigeon peas, but this has not come under my observation. Adults of Bruchiis prosopis confined in tubes feed readily on sugar and water and upon the syrupy fluid in the pods of its host-plant, but I was for a long time unable to secure normal oviposition. Several scattered eggs were seen which later disappeared, laid at random without cement to attach them. One was placed in a crevice in the hilum of a velvet bean and another under a flap of the cuticle on a Prosopis pod. The habits of the closely related bean bruchus suggested that it might perhaps oviposit in crevices, but the account given by Mr. Fullaway in the Hawaii Ag. Exp. Sta. Kept, for 1912 had led me to expect an egg cemented to the surface of the pod. However, failing to secure such oviposition and failing to find 476 any differences among- the bruehid eggs deposited on the surface of the Pro.sopis pods, some of the pods were examined for openings and in the syrupv pnlp of the pods were fonnd some eggs resemblnig those of B. ohtectus, eight or ten in a place which had been deposited through accidental openings through the cuticle and fibrous layer of the pod. Upon placing pods of Prosopis, in which similar holes had been made, with several individuals of B. prosopis among which were known to be females ready for oviposition, within fifteen minutes three females were observed with their ovipositors inserted through the artificial openings and eggs similar to those previously observed were found there. Accidental openings for oviposi- tion can hardly ever fail to occur in sufficient numbers on account of the suspension of the pods on the spinose tree and their consequent swinging about in the wind against the branches and spines. Much breakage and penetration of the skin must also take place in falling. The cuticle also tends to flake aw^ay when the pod is ripe, giving the female a chance to oviposit under flaps of cuticle, and eggs are sometimes j^laced there. Spei-mophagiis sp. Among some beans assembled by Director Westgate of the Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station for some ex- perimental work on the prevention of Bruchus injiiry were some lots purchased in the open market. A bruehid bred from these was found to be a species of Spermophagus not hitherto observed here. It is a smaller species than the American bean-weevil and shorter and more compact. In the female there is visible to the naked eye a transverse whitish spot on each elytron near the middle, while the male appears uniformly gray above. The body is black and the antennae slender in both sexes, about three-fourths as long as the head and body together and black except for the two basal joints, which are rufous. Examination of beans grown on the Station grounds showed that they too were infested by the same weevil. 477 Several varieties showed infestation, among them Mani calico, the Maui red, and small white navj beans. All those exam- ined which showed infestation had been oviposited npon while in storage, as was to be seen from the presence of the eggs npon them. In most cases several eggs, from five to ten, and in one case as many as twentj-four, may be laid on a single bean. The eggs are cemented to the bean, much flattened, and nearly circular in outline. As many as 13 adults have been bred from a single mottled bean 10|l6 by 5|l6 in. in length and breadth, and six from a small white bean only 5|l6 by 3 1 16 in. Examination of 102 mottled beans naturally in- fested gave an average of 4.77 beetles emerging from each bean. The species is speedily destructive to the beans, more so than Bruchus ohtectus. Mr. Cowan, who had noticed this species as different from the common bean-weevil, observed it first dur- ing 1917. If, as I have supposed it may be, this species is the species called the Mexican bean weevil by Chittenden, S pernio pliagus (Zabrotes) pedomlis Sharp, it has previously been bred from beans and cowpeas. I have been able to breed it experimentally from Phaseolus vulgaris, P. limatus, P. articulatus, P. acuti- folius, Vigna chinensis, Cajanm indicus, Glycine liispida, Cicer arietinum, and Pisum sativum. Caryohorus gonagra. This weevil breeds in the seeds of several trees and shrubs, among them Tamarindus indicus, Cassia nodosa. Cassia fistula. Cassia grandis. Acacia farnesiana, Prosopis juliflora, Bauhinia tomentosa, BauJiinia monandra, and Caesalpinia pulcJierrima. The eggs are laid indiscriminately on the pods of its host- plants, sometimes also on the seeds and frequently in other places w^here the larva has no chance whatever of finding food. It is remarkable that the newly hatched larva can find its way through the dense tissues of the pods and the hard seed coats imless it finds some food in the material penetrated. The larval stage passed within the seed resembles a Bruchus 478 larva with functional legs. The final stage is dull reddish, the integument is finely pubescent, and there are six short func- tional legs. If a single seed is insufficient to nourish the larva it can enter and feed upon others. When the larva is full fed the seed is usually too small to form a comfortable pupal cell and it emerges part way or entirely from it and prepares for the emergence of the adult by scraping away a circular patch on the pod until only a thin membrane remains, and spins an oval cocoon of a coarse, silk-like substance usually attaching the scrapings produced in making preparations for emer- gence to the edges of the opening in the seed and spinning the cocoon partly within the seed. Bruchid Parasites in Hawaii Uscana sc mifum ipennis. * At the time of my arrival in the Islands in 1913 Caryo- honis gonagra was one of the most abundant insects coming to light but its numbers have become much less, probably on account of the accidental introduction of the Trichogrammatid egg parasite Uscana semifumipennis. This has been supposed to have been introduced from Texas in 1909-10 in some work done by Mr. Fullaway in co-operation with the Federal Bureau of Entomology, but this need not be the case, since it can hardly reach the concealed eggs of B. prosopis. It is quite likely that it entered with some other Bruchid such as Bruchus chinensis or some species which has not become established and from our experience with larger and more conspicuous species it could have been present for a long time without attracting attention. It was first discovered by Mr. Fullaway in the latter part of 1910 and by 1912 he found it parasitizing about 25% of the eggs of Caryoborus gonagra on the pods of Prosopis juJiflora. At the present time it seems to be even more effective since the examination of about six hundred eggs in two lots from different parts of Honolulu of similar material Girault, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, 37, p. 23, 191 1. 479 has shown a parasitization of about 90%. I have found it attacking also the eggs of BnicJius pruininus, B. clilnensis, and the Dolichos weevil and it will probably attack any of the species depositing their eggs on the surface of pods and seeds in the field. This species must be considered a most valuable addition to the parasitic fauna of the Island, particularly since it seems to be the only known egg parasite of Bvuchidae. Heterospilus prosopidis. In the same sweepings which contained the Bruclius pnii- ninus were found individuals of an unfamiliar Braconid wdiich Avas later bred from B. pruiiiinus. It w^as then recognized l)y Mr. Fullaway as a species of Hcterospilu.^ introduced by him in the work before referred to. In the Annual Eeport of the Hawaii Agr. Expt. Sta. for 1910 he says, under the head of algaroba weevil parasites, "At the beginning of the year ship- ments of bean weevil parasites were received through the co- operation of the Bureau of Entomology. ^ * ^'■" Later a search was made to find if they had become established Init this could not be demonstrated except in the case of the minute egg parasite. * * * All attempts to breed the parasites in confine- ment failed. * * * On advice only Heterospilus was released and in all 2303 were liberated. * * * The parasites were mostly liberated on the gi-ounds of the experiment station. One lot of 250 specimens was released on the Alexander & Baldwin plantation at Puunene, Maui, another lot of 200 on the Isen- berg ranch at Waialae, Oahu, and another of 100 on the Molo- kai ranch near Kaunakakai." This species was described in 1911 by Viereck (Proc. U. S. Is Sit. Mus. 38:381) as Heterospilus prosopidis from Texas and Louisiana and Cushman (Jonrn. Econ. Ent. 11:1:89-509) records it as a parasite there of Bruchus prosopis bred from Prosopis puhescens, Bruchus exiguus breeding in seeds of Amor- plia fruticosa, Bruchus ochraceus breeding in the two-seeded pods of a species of Vicia, Bruchus sallei breeding in pods of Gleditsia triacanthos and Bruchus bisignatus bred from Acuan 480 iUiiweii.sis. 1 have bred it in IIoiiolulii diiring- 1917 from Bruchus prosopis in the pods of Prosopis juUflora, from the dolichos weevil in the beans of DoIicJios lahlab within the pods, from Bruclias prulnlnus in the seeds of Leucaena (jlaiica on the gronnd, and from Bruchus chinensis in pigeon peas. It has not been observed in the Islands before since its in- troduction, but it may now be found quite commonly beneath the Leucaena bushes or bred in numbers from its various hosts. The adults mate readily in captivity with but little pre- liminary courtship and the females oviposit readily in captivity in the seeds of Leucaena,. in the "pods of Dolichos and in vari- ous bruchus-infested seeds of legumes. The female is perhaps attracted by the movements of the bruchus larva as it prepares for pupation, oviposition taking place when the larva is full- grown the e^^ frequently failing to hatch before the bruchus larva has transformed Heterospilus then developing at the exj^ense of the bruchus puj)a. The egg is spindle-shaped; the poles are slightly different in form ; and attachment is by one end and is slightly oblique to the perpendicular ; the Qgg may be fixed on almost any part of the bruchus larva. The species having been introduced as parasite of Bruchus^ prosopis and not proving in Mr. Fullaway's hands easy to breed in that host in captivity, it has been interesting to learn the conditions under which it oviposits in the pods of Pro- sopis. The structure of the Prosopis pod as it drops from the tree would seem to prevent oviposition on account of the mod- erately short ovipositor of Heterospilus. The ripe pods of Pro- sopis juliflora in the Islands may be from five to seven or eight inches in length, a half inch in width, and about five-eights of an inch in thickness, about an eighth of an inch of material intervening between the seed and the surface of the pod. The outer layer of the pod is made up of a thin, firm cuticle sup- ported by a very thin fibrous layer ; this layer is separated from the inner layer of the pod by a soft pithy substance filled with a syrupy fluid ; around each seed a firm woody layer forms a separate envelope within which the seed rests. 481 loosely. Biucliiis prosopis oviposits in the pod while on the tree or after it has fallen to the gronnd and the larva on hatching bores its way through the woody envelope and into the seed. Upon reaching full growth it has consumed the con- tents of the seed and has grown so large, ordinaril3% as to make the seed too small for a comfortable pupal chaml)er. It then eats its way through a hole in the seedcoat, gnaws away a part of the woody envelope, marks out a circle there almost cut away so as to permit the emerging adult to force its way out of the pod easily, and attaches the seed coat and the debris to the envelop to form a pupal chamber. It is at this time that the Ileterospilus oviposits in the pod and by this time in the moister parts of Honolulu the p<»(l lying on the grdiuid has been wet by the rain, the syru])y tluid and pithy substance have fer- mented and disappeared, and the thickness intervening be- tween the larva and the outer world has been reduced to no more than a sixteenth of an inch, which permits oviposition. Where there is less rainfall the fermentation may not take place and this does not interfere in the least with the emer- gence of the bruchus but I liave not as yet found the Iletero- spilus l)reeding in such places. The thin membranous pods and thin seed coat of DoIicJios and the seed coat of Lucaena thinned for the emergence of the adult present no particular mechanical ol)Stacles to oviposition. The position assumed by the female in oviposition is with the legs widely separated and the abdomen slightly bent down. The sheaths of the ovipositor are used to stiffen and guide the ovipositor during the act of penetrating the pod or seed, and during the act of oviposition and while removing the ovipositor are moved slowly up and down. The sheath bases and oviposi- tor l)ase are rather widely separated and while the ovipositor is inserted the thicker terminal parts of the sheaths grasp the ovipositor longitudinally and the slender basal portion of the sheaths are sharply bent to form a sort of support for it. I have been unable to distinguish the actual passage of the egg along the ovipositor or to observe an actual stinging of the 482 bruchiis larva though it probably takes place. In captivity I have succeeded in getting the Heterospilus to oviposit in the cocoon of Caryohoriis gonagra though as yet I cannot say if it will develop at its expense. I have not found it attacking it in nature. Doubtless it will be found parasitizing the other spe- cies of Bruclms whenever favorable conditions offer in the field. I have been able to distinguish three larval stages in Heterosiyilus and there are doubtless one or two intermediate ones not observed. The first resembles in a general way the first larval stage of the Opiine Braconids, as observed by Mr. Pemberton, though the head is, perhaps, somewhat less chitin- ized. The second stage is fusiform and somewhat flattened and the head is without mandibles. It is migratory and so far as I have been able to learn usually locates itself in a dorsal position on its host, in the cases observed upon the thorax. The final larva is of the usual cruciform type with mandibles and feebly chitinized head. The full-grown larva spins an elliptical brownish white silken cocoon within the pupal cham- ber of the l)ruchus host and the adult emerges from the seed or pod of the host plant through a circular emergence hole somewhat smaller than that of the bruchus Heterospilus prosopidis is quite variable in size according to the size of its host. Those from Bruchus prosopis, the largest of its local hosts, being much larger than those from the little Bruchus pruininus. On account of the brief period in the life of its hosts in which it can attack them, only a small proportion are parasit- ized, certainly not more than 10-15%. It would seem there- fore to be of but minor importance in the control of Bruchids. I should not expect it to attack Bruchids in stored peas and beans. A K'ew Scleroderma Attacking Bruch'idae. Early in November, 1017, while examining old pods of Prosopis jidiflora on John Ena road, Waikiki, I found a fe- male Scleroderma which, however, escaped before I could exam- 48J iue it carefully. On November 23, while examining pods of Acacia famesianu, infested by Caryoborus gonagra along the Diamond Head road on the southeastern side of Diamond Head, I found several females of the same species without being able to note any indication of host relations. Since all of our species hitherto found in the mountains under condi- tions indicating their endemicity so far as their host relations are known have been parasitic upon various lepidopterous larvae, it seemed possible this species might be connected with the kin tortricid (CryptopJilehia illepida). However when a larva of this species had been found and placed with the Sclero- deiina no interest whatever was shown. On further search, a cocoon of Caryoborus gonagra was found containing the Caryo- borus larva, a female Scleroderma, and three hymenopterous larvae. After this, two Caryoborus cocoons were found each con- taining remains of the Caryobor-us larva, a female Scleroderma, and a compactly massed cluster of brownish, elliptical, hymen- opterous cocoons, perhaps a dozen in a cluster. From one of these, sixteen days later, the first female Scleroderma emerged. Several of the Scleroderma were placed with the cocoons of Caryoborus and the pupal chambers of Bruchus prosopis and they immediately became interested in affecting their entrance into them by tearing away the wall with their mandibles. One cocoon of Caryoborus opened sixteen days later contained the Caryoborus larva, the female Scleroderma,- and eight thick elliptical eggs, very large in proportion to the Scleroderma and scattered about indiscriminately in the cocoon. This finding of the female Scleroderma remaining within the cocoons, not only until the eggs are laid but afterward until the larvae have hatched and become full fed and pupated, is of con- siderable interest and has also been observed in connection with the endemic species. There would seem to be some approach to maternal care of the larva. It may, however, be due merely to the slow maturing of the eggs. In 1909, Mr. Swezey took the same Scleroderma upon a Cvcad stem at Lihue, Kauai, and there are specimens of ap- 484 parently the same species in the collection of the Board of Agriculture and Forestry taken by ]\[r. Ehrhorn in llunolnln and labeled "from Frosoplus",. which is one of our inmiigrant Cei^amhycidae. The hitherto known Hawaiian species of Sclevodermn are supposed to be endemic and are, as has been said, parasitic upon lepidopterous larvae. So far as I have been able to examine them characters have been seen which suggest their separation into a group of perhaps subgeneric rank owing to the presence of rudimentary ocelli in the female. The present species is known only in the female sex and has not the slightest trace of ocelli. It is believed to be an immigrant perhaps from the Orient and is here described as new. Scleivdenna tininif/rans sp. nov. Female apterous, ocelli and scutellum entirely lacking. Head oblong, anterior, lateral, and posterior margins almost straight ; eyes oval, facetted, more than twice their length from the occipital margin of the head and about twice their width from each other ; with broad distinct malar and genal spaces; mandibles stout and tridentate ; antennae ap- proximate, inserted near the anterior margin of the head, 13-jointed; scape slightly incrassate, curved, about one-third the length of the flagel- lum; pedicel one-half the width of the scape, about as long as the first three joints of the fiagellum ; flagellum stout, broadest at the base of the apical segment which is a little longer than broad, the other segments broader than long. Thorax a little narrower than the head, nearly twice as long as broad, broadest in the middle where the pleurae project beyond the mesonotum; pronotum narrowed abruptly in front to a marrow neck, behind this evenly but slightly wider to the mesonotum, a little longer than wide, the posterior margin nearly straight ; mesonotum subtriangu- lar, evenly rounded behind ; propodeum a little longer than broad slightly broader behind, rounded down to the declivity. Legs rather stout; anterior femora somewhat incrassate; anterior and middle tibiae a little shorter than their femora; hind tibiae a little more slender and a little longer than their femora; tarsi longer than their tibiae or femora, the basal joint about as long as the three follow- ing joints together, apical joint about as long as the two preceding joints together. Abdomen broader than the head, elongate, a little longer than the head and thorax together; first tergite rounded, occupying but little of the dorsal aspect of the abdomen, tergites two, three, four subequal in length, a little broader than long; tergites 2-5 with the posterior margins triarcuately depressed; ultimate segment acute. Testaceous sometimes drying to piceous, tergites 1-5 castaneous ex- 485 cept at the sutures, eyes black, mesonotum, mesopleurae, middle femora, and head somewhat darker than the other light portions of the body. Head, thorax and abdomen minutely tessellate, shining, the propo- deum somewhat duller. Head with a few scattered minute punctures. Antennae minutely pubescent ; head, thorax and abdomen, particularly at apex, with a few scattered hairs ; front and hind tibiae sparsely ciliate within, middle tibiae densely so on the outer side. 2.75 mm. long. Described from 13 individuals taken from the pods of Acacia farne- siana on Diamond Head road, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands, on November 23, 1917, where they were parasitizing the larvae of the bruchid Caryo- bonis goiiagra. Of these one has been designated as the tjpe and depos- ited in the collection of the Hawaiian Entomological Society. The re- maining are in the collection of the author and are designated as paratypes. Scleroderma immif/rans does not seem to be able to para- sitize any great proportion of the larvae of Caryohorus gonagra. I should estimate that not more than 10% of the cocoons exam- ined in the place where it was fonnd were affected and T have not fonnd it elsewhere in Honolnlu upon this host. If Mr. Ehrhorn's material are, as I have supposed, of the same spe- cies, we may expect it to attack various other species of coleop- terous larvae. A Eupelmine Occasionally Attacking Brucliidae, Forming the Type of CJiaritopodinus gen. nov. While sweeping for material on an embankment in the rice fields at Waikiki where seeds of Leucaena glauca were scat- tered on the ground and being attacked by the Bruchus prui- ninus, I took a single wingless female of a dark blue Eupel- mine which I later placed with seeds of Prosopis juliflora in- fested with Bruchus prosopis. After a time she was observed in the act of oviposition and on a later examination of the seed in which oviposition had taken place there was found a pupa of the Prosopis bruchus which appeared to be too far advanced for the development of the parasite. There had been deposited two of its elliptical eggs, one on the dorsal side of the thorax and the other on the ventral side of the abdomen. Another pupa of B. prosopis in about the same stage was later found with a full-fed larva on the dorsal aspect of its abdomen and 486 this latter pupated ; so the parasite can develop on very advanced pupae, or perhaps we may say upon tenerous adults. In all five adults have been bred from Bnichus prosopis, mostly lar- vae. Since this paragraph was written I have bred this para- site from Bruclius pruinimis under natural conditions in the seeds of Seshania sesban. Mr. Timberlake has succeeded in breeding five adult females from the cocoons of Caryohorus gonagra. These were the progeny of a virgin female which I had furnished him. Whether this species is more than an occasional parasite of BrucJiidae is doubtful since it proves to be the insect bred by Mr. Swezey from Isosoma and described by Mr. Crawford as Eupelminus swezeyi (Insec. Ins. Menst. 2:181, 1914). By a lapsus calami Mr. Crawford assigns the Isosoma from which it was bred to Johnson grass instead of Bermuda grass. Mr. Swezey has also bred it from the cocoons of Clielonus hiachburni and from a Gi-yptid cocoon. It was taken as early as June, 1905, on Oahu by Mr. Swezey and in May, 1900, on Kauai by Mr. Terry and it was doubtless an immigrant from the Orient since there are five specimens in the collection of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association taken by Mr. Muir at Macao. This species differs so much from the type of the genus Eupleminus, E. excavatus, that it must be placed in a separate genus, particularly since specimens in the collection of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association represent another species taken by Mr. Terry in China, agreeing with it in all the generic characters. Charitopodinus gen. nov. Type Eupehniuas siuezey'i Crawford. Related to Charitopiis Foerster but with but one pair of rudimentary wings in the female, the male unknown. Head broader than the thorax or abdomen, convex before and behind, slightly concave at the insertion of the neck, malar furrow very distinct, eyes oval, ocelli arranged in an obtuse triangle upon the vertex ; antennae with scape cylindrical, slightly curved, not quite half as long as the flagellum, flagellum slender, grad- ually widening to the club, pedicel one-third longer than the first funicu- lar joint, 1st funicular joint about half the length of the second, 2-4 487 subequal, others successively shorter, last two quadrate, club with three closely fused joints, ovate, funicular joints 5 and beyond and the club joints with rows of elongate scnsoria, a few also on 3 and 4; man- dibles short' and stout, tridentate, the two upper teeth blunt, the lower one more produced and somewhat acute; labial palpi 3-jointed, third joint about as lon.a: as the other two, second short and oblique ; maxil- lary palpi 4-jointcd, the last joint about as long as the otlier three expanded suboval with one side straight. Thorax more than one and a half as long as wide ; pronotum quadrate, with a transverse median ridge upon which are two pencils of long erect blackish bristles, impressed behind the ridge ; mesonotum oblong, slightly narrowed behind, rounded in front, excavated behind, a short furrow in the bottom of the excavation, lateral margins abruptly deflexed at an acute angle and the extreme edge then reflexed, a row of erect silvery cilia in the furrow thus formed, there is thus a profound furrow between the disc of the mesonotum and the prepectoral plate and the large elongate tegula ; axillary furrows confluent in front, the scutellum therefore not reaching the mesonotum ; a brush of about three close-set rows of erect silvery cilia on the mesosternum along the sternopleural suture. With one pair of rudimentary wings about as long as the scutellum, consisting of a basal chitinous portion bearing a stout erect blackish bristle and an apical hyaline portion of about the same length with a longitudinal submedian vein, ciliate with erect silvery cilia. Legs slender, anterior femora slightly thicker ; plantar surface of middle tarsi with a shallow groove, basitarsus swollen with the margin of the groove ciliate with very fine hairs but very little different from those of the general surface of the joint, without the spines character- istic of the EtipeUninac, a minute black dot on either side of the plantar surface of the basitarsus and the second tarsal joint a little before the apex, a single fine bristle on either side of the plantar surface of the second and following tarsal joints near the apex, apex of middle tibiae within bearing a row of short stout black spines, the calcar a little longer than the basitarsi ; tarsi of hind legs bearing two feeble calcaria. Abdomen with the first tergite deeply excised, 2d-4th decreasingly sinuate. The genus runs to Charitoptis in Ashmead's tal)les of Eupchninae but would seem to differ by the excavated mesonotum as well as the rudimentary wings in the female. From Bupcliitintis the absence of plantar spines on the mic'ile tarsi, the more elongate and less excavated mesonotum, the less elongate axillae, and the excised tergites and other characters abundantly separate it. The two species referable to this genus are distinguishable thus : Tegulae, prepectoral plates, and sides of mesonotum metallic, pronotal bristles about as long as the pronotum C. szveseyi Tegulae, prepectoral plates, and sides of mesonotum yellowish, pronotal bristles shorter C. tcrryi n. sp. 488 Charitopodinus sivcceyi (Crawford). Mr. Crawford's description of this species may be supplemented further b}'- these additions : Middle tarsi except apical joint, calcar except extreme apex, and tibia at base and apex pale, a pale elongate spot on the ovipositor sheaths above. I have seen 23 examples of this species which vary greatly in size according to the host from which they have been bred. No males have been seen. Charitopodinus tcrryi n. sp. Resembles C. szvrccyi in minute details of pubescence and sculpture. The coloration differs in no significant way except as indicated above and in the pale markings of the hind legs. Hind tarsi except apical joint, apex of tibiae, trochanters, and coxae at summit pale while the hind legs in C. szveseyi are dark throughout. The two specimens before me are 3.6 mm. in length - larger than the original specimens of C. sivcccyi but not any larger than specimens of that species bred from Bruclius prosopis. Described from two females collected by the late F. W. Terry at Kow Loon, China, in 1908, one of which has been designated as the type and the other as a paratype. Type and paratype in the collection of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association. Pteromalids Attacking Bruchidac. At various times I have bred from Bruclius quadrimacu- latus infesting pigeon peas in storage a Pteromalid doubtfully referred to Pteromalus caJandrae and this species has been readily bred experimentally from the Dolichos weevil and Bruclius cliinensis. The early part of the larval stages is passed as an internal parasite of the Bmchus larva. When nearing full growth the Pteromalid larva emerges from its host and completes its development externally. A second un- determined Pteromalid has been bred from Briichus prui- ninus breeding in the seeds of Seshania sesban in the partially opened pods upon the tree. Pediculoides ventricosus. In all the work undertaken upon the Bruchidae and their parasites the mite Pediculoides ventricosus has been trouble- some, causing the loss of much of the material worked with, parasites and Bruchidae alike in larval, pupal and adult stages. '189 I have had whole lots of eggs of BrurJnis ohtectus destroyed by it. It is not possible to judge as yet how much influence it has upon the different species under natural conditions but there can be no doubt that it is a considerable factor in all the species. Persons handling the pods of Prosopis juliflora and of common beans are frequently affected by a rash produced by the young mites attaching themselves to the human skin. The mites affect the w^eevils more generally in some seeds than in others, according to whether the texture of the seed or its covering permits ready entrance or not. Thus all my exper- iments with the chick pea were seriously affected and in many cases not an adult was able to emerge on account of its attacks. The mesquite w^eevil is particularly subject to its attacks on account of its method of forming the pupal cell. Any intro- ductions of the larval parasites of 5/*Mc/ii(iae would need to be carried on with particular care to reduce the attacks of this mite upon them. Observations and Reflections on the Oviposition of Bnichidas and Some Other Insects. Early in Xovember of 1917 while on the lookout for material which would throw light on the habits of Bruchus prwininus, a tree of opiuma (Pithecolohium dulce) was encoun- tered at Waikiki, beneath which were lying on the ground con- siderable numbers of its seeds which were found on examina- tion to have eggs of Caryohorus gonagra deposited on them, mostly on the side lying next to the ground. In all about a hundred seeds bearing eggs were found beneath this tree and thirty-five or forty of them were carefully examined and in no case were larvae found in a living condition Avithin the seed nor were there any traces of successful breeding in them. In most cases the larvae had been able to penetrate through the seed coat into the cotyledon and had perished there as the result of their first meal upon its substance. Beneath the same tree were found scattered a number of the seeds of a Livistonia palm and on several of these round seeds, also utterly unfit for 490 its food, the Bruchid had deposited eggs. Mr. Swezey reported, in 1912, the eggs of Caryoborus deposited on green bananas where they hatched and the young larvae died after eating some way into the skin of the fruit. In one case I saw its eggs densely peppered over the surface of the wooden slats of the shutters of a house. We have, then, in this species a striking- failure of an insect to discriminate in regard to oviposition upon suitable material for the larval food. In the case of the Bruchus pruininus I have found the eggs deposited under natural conditions on Ipomoea seeds, on castor beans, and on seeds of Cassia glauca, in none of which the larvae can l)reed, and on indigo seeds wliich give an adult so small as to suggest sexual impotence. In experimental work almost any of the legumes used would be oviposited on without regard to its suitability as larval food. It would not be diffi- cult to assemble many similar cases among other groups of insects. Thus the Mediterranean fruitfly {Ceratitis capitata) seems particularly fond of ovipositing in the rough-skinned lemon locally common in Honolulu though ordinarily none of the larvae produced can mature. Mr. Pemberton has found that in ca])tivity the Opiine parasites, Opius humilis, Diacliasma trijonl, and D. fullawayi, readily oviposit in the melon fly (Bactroccra cucurhitae) though entirely unable to develop there. Mr. Timberlake has observed Dinocampus terminatus ovipositing in Coccinelids in which they fail of development. Such "failures of instinct" to employ an old-fashioned terui might be dismissed as "'imperfect adaptations," but they seem worthy of some consideration since they seem to me to be of some importance in the economy of the species. I take it that oviposition is an act resulting from several sensory impulses acting together upon the female in a state of nervous tension owing to the presence in her body of eggs ready for laying. These external stimuli may be tactile, visual, or olfactory or they may be compounded of these and other factors. Oviposition then is a complex reflex and will take place whether the material encountered is suitable for 491 food or not. Tn some species the factors of the sensory stim- ulns are so nnmerons or so particular that the species will react only nnder very narrow limits while in others the range of reaction is much broader and in such species we find these "lapses of instinct" occurring. These are the species in which we find considerable adaptability of habits and the wide range of reaction is of value to the species since the eggs laid almost at random serve to find for the species additional sources of food which would be missed by a species reacting within nar- rower limits. The adaptability so secured may, as has been shown by Cushman, serve to carry over a species on uinusual food when its preferred food-plant for any reason fails to seed. This adaptability may also serve to permit wider dispersal of the species. Thus the adaptability of the Bruchus pruininus per- mitted it to shift to Leucaena glauca from Acacia after having shifted from Olneya tesota to the Acacia, and it has been able to establish itself in the Islands while the more narrowly re- acting Bruchus pisoruni appears as yet to have failed. One of the curious things in experimental work with Bru- chidae is that very often, as shown by breedings made under natural conditions, a species will not naturally breed in certain host plants but when confined with the seeds will oviposit and develop in them. From this it seems to me we must distin- guish between the sensory stimuli which cause the Bruchus to approach and alight upon the larval food and the oviposition stimuli proper. The visual faculties of the insects appear to be most prominent in the former, at any rate I have seen what were apparently attempts of a Bruchus to settle on seeds with- in a glass tube and resting on the glass over them wdien actual contact was impossible. In the oviposition reflexes tactile stimuli through the antennae and perhaps the tarsi must play an important part. In some cases it is possible to analyse the complex reflex of oviposition with interesting results. Mr. Timberlake has been able to show that there is an olfactory element in the 492 case of Dinocampus terminatus. By irritating a Coccinellid, the natural host of Dinocampus so that it exuded fluid from its joints and applying this juice to Collops he was able to secure oviposition in Collops but without securing development within that host. I have been able to secure a similar result in another case in which the ncM' host was suitable for the development of the parasite. In April, 1915, while in Capetown, I found an undeter- mined species of the Ichneumonid genus Alloiypa breeding in a Sarcopliaga the larva of which feeds in human excrement. In extensive breedings of Diptera there I did not secure it under natural conditions from any other host. The adult female lies in wait for the larva when it emerges full-grown to enter the soil for pupation and attacks it with great fury and oviposits in its body, the adult parasite emerging from the puparium which is normally developed. On studying the species in captivity, I found that, while Sarcopliaga larvae introduced into a tube containing the parasites stirred them up into a state of the greatest excitement in which they would attack them with great fury, charging them with the abdomen projected forward between their legs, climbing upon the body of the larvae and stinging them indiscriminately on the first part encountered and even attempted to sting the glass of the tube, any other muscid larvae such as that of Miisca lusoria living in cow dung would be received with complete indifference, hardly moving away to avoid them as they wandered about in the tube. But if to such a tube containing the Allotypa parasites and the Musca lusoria larva even a single larva of Sarcopliaga (of any of the species) was introduced the parasites would be almost as excited as if all the larvae were those of Sarcopliaga and in this way the parasite was induced to oviposit in the Musca lusoria larva and from these larvae adults of the para- site were obtained, from a host which could never be utilized in nature since the olfactory stimulus from the Sarcopliaga could hardly in nature ever be associated with the Musca lu- soria larva. This limitation by an olfactory factor causes a 493 waste by the species of large possible sources of food available if the species reacted more broadly. The advantage gained by the narrower limitation is not obvious though perhaps the species wastes no eggs and in nature must rarely fail in readily finding its host. The complex reflex of oviposition and the physiological reactions must be, like the external physical characters of a species, subject to variation whether Mendelian or Darwinian, and it seems to me that these variations must have played a considerable j^art in the evolutionary process. The elimination of the olfactory limitation of Allotypa to the smell of the Sar- cophaga would obviously result in a wider range of food selec- tion for the larva, perhaps to a wider extension of the range of the species, and probably in an absolute increase in the num- bers of individuals of the species produced so that it would have greater opportunity for variation whether this might be produced by internal factors, by diverse climatic conditions, by change of food, by different nautral enemies, or whatever the forces may be which result in changes in the characters of species. A new olfactory limitation might then arise and serve as a factor in species limitation and segregation. It is interesting to revert to the Bruchidae, to speculate on the few species which depart from the usual habits of the family. Several species of Caryohorus are known to attack the seeds of palms ; C. curvipes attacks several species of palm nuts including the cocoanut, C. baciris and C. luteomarginahis have been bred from the seeds of the carnauba palm (Coper- nicia cenfera) and an undetermined species, like the others, from South America, destroys the vegetable ivory nuts (Phy- telephas macrocarpa) , the North American C. artliriticus feeds in the larval stage in the seeds of palmetto. To account for the development of such food habits and the breeding of Pseu- dopacJiymerus pandani from Madagascar in the seeds of Pan- danus, we need not assume that the parent species had any greater variation in its oviposition reflexes than Caryohorus gonagra has when it will lay its eggs on palm seeds and on 494 bananas. What we slionld need to suppose is a variation in its powers of utilizing food and we do not know liow little or how great a departure from the normal this would require, nor if it would have to be variation in the structure of the larval mouth parts or of its alimentary canal, or in the composition of its digestive fluids, or in its nervous control, or all these combined. We have found the Bruchus pnriiiinus ovipositing on the seeds of Ipomoea and here again to secure the development of the habits of such species as the North American B. dis- coideus or the South African B. convolvuli breeding in convol- vulaceous seeds it is only variation in the powers of food utili- zation which would be needed. Perhaps the same is true of the ISTorth American species B. flavicornis and B. hibisci breeding in the seeds of malvaceous plants and B. alhoscutel- latus in the capsules of Ludwigia. In the European B. margi- nelliis such variation has, perhaps, been observed or at least it has an unusual variability in the utilization of food ; for while it seems ordinarily to breed in the pods of the legume, Oxytro- pis gJycophyJlos it has been observed breeding in the capsules of Yerbascum officinale widely separated in botanical relation- ship and in other ways. In considering evolutionary matters too often attention has been centered upon obvious structures, especially those used for the distinction of species in systemic botany and zoology. Food habits, reflexes, tropisms, and transformations are no less characters of species and have played a large part in the development of the species and require consideration when we are making out our explanations. Leguminous Pods and Seeds with Reference to Their Infestation by Bruchidae. The Bruchidae were without doubt descended from a Chry- somelid group in which the larvae attacked the green pods of legiunes and the oviposition of such species as Bruchus ohtectus in which the eggs are laid in crevices in the pods of the host plant may perhaps represent the primitive method of egglaying 495 from which later forms developed in which the eggs were cemented to the larval food. There can be l)iit little doubt that the evolution of the Bruchidae has proceeded in directions limited by the peculiarities of the Leguminosae and there is an interesting field for work in the investigation of the factors which limit the attacks of the different species of Bruchidae. In some experiments summarized further on I have attempted to make a beginning on such investigation. Some of these factors are readily discerned while others remain elusive. The following notes and inferences in regard to the limitation of Bruchid attacks have seemed worth recording. When a species of Bruchidae oviposits in crevices in the pods or in openings made by the female into the pod or if the eggs are cemented to the seed but not to the pod the structure of the pod and its behavior upon ripening are important factors in reference to Bruchid injury. Thus Prosopis juViflora is not naturally attacked by BrucJius pridninus because of its inde- hiscent pods yet it readily breeds in the seeds when the cover- ings are artificially removed and this is also true of the peanut and the beggar's tick (Desmodium uncinatum). In the species of Bruchidae cementing their eggs to the larval food they may be attached either to the pods or to the seeds, or in many species either to the pods or to the seeds. Bruchus pisorum apparently always oviposits upon the pods; Bruchus pruininus apparently always upon the seed; while the dolichos bruchus, Bruchus chinensis, and Caryohorus gonagra may place their eggs either upon the seeds or the pods of their host plants. In any case the larva of the Bruchid finds confronting it on hatching the work of penetrating into the cotyledons of the seed which forms its principal or perhaps its exclusive food. If the egg should have been placed upon a dry, hard, woody pod such as that of Delonix regia we may suppose such a barrier might serve to exhaust the reserve energy of the larva so that it would perish before it could have opportunity for feeding. I have no record of finding the seeds of this species attacked by Caryohorus goruigra but 496 there are other mechanical difficulties iu the way of a Bruchid larva penetrating this seed. We may conceive of a Bruchid larva overcoming such a difficulty as this, however, and that presented by similar difficulties in the hardness of seed coats and tough albumen by timing its attempt at entering so that it would have to encounter them in an immature condition before they have hardened. Whether to serve such a purpose or not, though probably for some other reason, the pea bruchus ovi- posits only upon the green pods of its host plants. J^ow in the Islands the host plants of this Bruchus are but rarely cultivated and if the species should be brought in through the importation of peas, as we know has been frequently, it would rarely be able to find conditions under which it could breed. This seems to me the probable reason that this species has not as yet been able to establish itself in the Islands. In the case of Cassia grandis there is within the pod in the little compartment about each seed a considerable amount of a pitchy material surrounding the seed which would serve to- retard a Bruchid larva and, perhaps, to cause its death. A similar substance but much less copious in quantity is found in the pods of Cassia fistula but it does not in either case wholly serve to prevent the entrance of the Caryohorus larva. On the outer surface of the seeds of Bauhinia tomentosa and Bauhinia monandra is a layer of material which swells up with moisture and shreds away and would serve to detach any bruchus egg attached to it. This does not serve to prevent the entrance of the Caryohorus larva since the eggs of that species are usually attached to the pod and the entrance of the larva is affected before the pod is opened and the seed exposed to moisture. Eggs of Bruchus pruininus deposited on these seeds in captivity were detached when added moisture caused the swelling and shredding away of this layer. The surface of some seeds such as those of different species of Crotalaria seem to be of such a nature as to prevent the attachment of bruchus eggs. It may be, however, that there is some other reason such as odor or size which prevented ovi~ 497 position upou tliem bj Bruclnis pndiii)ius wliieli has otherwise been quite ready to oviposit upon very diverse seeds. The seeds of Delonlx regia, Acacia grandis, and of Pelto- phorum inerme among others are covered with a very dense and hard covering and it is doubtful if any Brnchid larva could pierce them. Eggs of Bruclius pruininus laid on the seeds of the latter species hatched properly but could not penetrate into the cotyledon, perishing before they had pierced the seed coat. They could not, likewise, penetrate the tough seed coat of Acacia farnesiana. Within the seed coat of many leguminous seeds is an al- bumen which is very hard and tough when dry and this may serve as a sufficient barrier to prevent the further entrance of the larva. The seeds of Cassia glauca resemble the seeds of Leucaena glauca and Bruclius pruininus deposits its eggs upon them freely both in the field and in captivity. The seed coat is, however, harder and there is a layer of albumen within that. The bruclius larva is able to pierce the seed coat but perishes on its way through the albumen. Seeds, not otherwise defended from bruchus attack, may" be unfit for the food of the bruchus attacking it and the larva may perish as the result of feeding on the substance of the cotyledons. Leguminous seeds vary greatly in their composition but appear to agi-ee in having similar proteids which, as a group, differ from the proteids of other seeds, being said to resemble animal proteids more than those of gi-ains or oil seeds. Their proteids are mostly globulins and the globulins of different species of edible legumes are by no means identical. Thus the phaseolin of the common bean is distinctly different from the legumin and vicilin of vetches, broad beans, lentils, and peas and it is not imi)robablc that the inability of bruchids to breed in legiimes otherwise similar in composition to their host seeds may be due to the diversity of ther proteids. The seeds of many legimies, particularly the greater part of the edible le- gumes, contain more than half their dry weight of starch, 498 while others contain none at all. In general Bruchids which breed in starchy seeds cannot breed in those withont starch and vice versa. The soy bean in which the carbohydrate is reduced and not in the form of starch, however, serves for the development of B melius chinen- sis, B. quadrimaculatus, the dolichos weevil, and Zabrotes, species ordinarily breeding in the other starchy food legumes. Its carbohydrate is, however, of a form similar to starch and is present to about .12 of the dry weight of the seed. In general the food legumes contain but little oil while in the peanut it may be present to ,28-45 of the weight of oil, largely replacing the starch. While the eggs of B. cliinensis, B. quadrimaculaiusy the dolichos weevil, and Zabrotes are readily laid upon peanuts from which the shells have been re- moved and their larvae enter the cotyledons and the larvae of B. obtectus will, likewise, enter them, none of these species can develop and I have supposed their death to be due to the oil, I was, therefore, greatly surprised to find B. pniiiiimis, under similar conditions, was able to breed in peanuts, al- though its other host seeds contain no starch and but little oil. Many legumes contain poisonous principles, particularly alkaloids and glucosides, and we should expect Bruchids to be affected by some of these. Probably the inability of Caryobo- rus gonagra to breed in the seeds of Abrus precatoiius, and Pithecolobium clulce, upon which it oviposits, and into which the larva can penetrate, is due to poisonous principles in them. Some seeds are so small as to prevent the oviposition of Bm- chidae on their surface, since the insect would not be able to reach conveniently any part of the surface of the seed with its ovipositor while resting on its surface and the weight of the insect also tends to dislodge the seed and its precarious position on a small seed seem to disturb the Bru<;hid so as to prevent egg-laying. Thus Bruchus pruininus, which is very catholic in its taste in regard to oviposition, is usually unable to deposit its eggs on such small seeds as those of Indigifera anil, Desmo- dium uncinatwm, the smaller-seeded Crotalarias, Ph.3' WKc'Q m m cqffi-o N «i o Phaseolus vulgaris, common bean, cultivated lo- cally in many varieties, supposedly of Ameri- can origin; starchy a a a Phaseolus lunatus, lima bean, cultivated locally in several varieties, supposedly of American ori- gin; starchy abb Phaseolus articulatus, adsuki bean, red variety, imported from Japan, of Oriental origin; starchy b b b Phaseolus aureus, mung or mundo bean, prob- ably imported from Japan, a greenish yellow variety, also cultivated locally to some extent, of Oriental origin; starchy b b b Phaseolus acutifolius, tepary bean, recently intro- duced into cultivation locally, of North Ameri- can origin; starchy a b ? Phaseolus seiniereetus, an introduced weed, gen- erally distributed, of American origin; starchy n a n Vigna chineiisis and catjaiig, cowpeas, locally cul- tivated mainly for green manure, elsewhere an important food crop. Oriental in origin; starchy b b b Vigna lufea, a native beach plant, probably of na- tive introduction; starchy aba Cajanus indicus, the pigeon pea, locally cultivated in several varieties, of African origin ; starchy, b b b 502 TABLE OF EXPERIMENTS— Continued. Name and Origin of o " Seed, Etc. ^ wg o O'O 3 3d ffl m o- Dolichos lablab, the bonavist locally called the papapa bean, of limited use for food, also es- caped from cultivation, of African .origin ; starchy a b Glycine hispida, the soy bean, imported from Ja- pan, a yellowish and a black variety in the Oriental stores, of Oriental origin b b Cicer arietinum, the chick pea, of Mediterranean or West Asiatic origin, imported for food ; starchy b b Vicia faba, the broad, Windsor, or horsebean, imported in two or three varieties from Cali- fornia and Japan, also cultivated to a limited extent on Maui and Hawaii at the higher ele- vations, of Mediterranean origin ; starchy b b Pisum sativum, the common pea, introduced for food, grown to a limited extent on Maui and Hawaii at the higher elevations; starchy b b Arachis hypogaca, the peanut, grown locally only to a limited extent, imported for food, of American origin; starchy and oily a a Lupinus hirsutus, blue lupine, grown to a slight extent at higher elevations for green manure, of European origin ; starchy a a Lupinus angustifolius, Italian lupine, grown to a limited extent at the higher elevations on Ha- waii for food and green manure, of South Eu- ropean origin; starchy a o Canavalia cnsiformis, jack bean, locally grown for green manure, tropical a a Sticolobium pachylobiuni, velvet bean, grown lo- cally for green manure a a Eryflirina tnonosperma, wiliwili, a native low- land tree, with large bean-like dull scarlet seeds, unknown elsewhere ; starchy o o Erythrina indica, Indian coral tree, planted as an oddity, with large dull dark carmine seeds, of Indian origin; starchy a a b b b 2 3 a 3 « cS t- C cq M Ci u b£ 503 TABLE OF EXPERIMENTS— Continued. Name and Origin of Seed, Etc. w Abnis prccatoriiis, the praying bean, an herba- ceous vine planted for its small bead-like scar- let and black seeds, Indian origin a Crofalaria spp., rattle pods, weeds, small-seeded species, Indian origin o Crofalaria juncca, sunn hemp, a fiber plant, but grown locally for green manure, with seeds much larger than the other species, Indian origin o Iiidigifcra anil, indigo, locally escaped from culti- vation and now a weed, American origin o Scsbaiiia cocciiiea, a small tree with large orna- mental flowers, said to be sparingly escaped from cultivation, Indian and Malayan a Scshania scsbaii, sesban, a shrub or small tree, with small sub-cylindrical seeds, a fiber plant now growing naturally, of American origin o Lcucacna glauca, locally called false koa or koa haole, a small tree or shrub, extensively natur- alized, of American origin a Prosopis juliflora, algaroba or kiawe, a widely distributed tree in the lowlands, the pods form- ing an important cattle feed, of American origin a Piscidia crythrina. fish poison tree planted in Thomas Square, of American origin o Cassia grandis, pink shower, a flowering tree ex- tensively planted, of American origin a Cassia fistula, golden shower, a flowering tree extensively planted, of Indian origin a Cassia nodosa, pink and white shower, an exten- sively planted flowering tree, of Indian origin__ a Cassia glauca, a small flowering tree, not very much planted, seeds almost exactly like those of Leucacna glauca l)ut tlie seed coats harder, of Asiatic origin a " Z a. :=. £ .c £ t. o i O O O t.X2 >>( 3 3 D OJ cd !- I 504 TABLE OF EXPERIMENTS— Continued. Name and Origin of IS^aoa^'S'^ Seed, Etc. ^^| g » » ^g^ls .cjs'C f, j: j3 x:g°oiii) 3 3d 7; 3 3 3(Dds-C ffi m 5- Q m cQ « Mw aim Cassia minwsoidcs, a low slender herbaceous weed, origin tropics in Old World oooaoooo Cassia bicapsularis, a spreading semiscandent weedy shrub, of American origin oooaoooo Cassia siamca, a flowering tree, extensively planted, of Indian origin oooaoooo Cassia occidentalis, a coarse erect weed, of Amer- ican origin oo6aoooo Cassia alata, a shrul) or small tree, planted for its flowers, of American origin aooaoooo Clitoria, sp., an herbaceous flowering vine, plant- ed for ornamental purposes aan 00000 Ptcrocarpus indicus, a large tree with the aspect of an elm and its fruit resembling that of the elm, of Oriental origin oooaoooo Desmodium uncinatum, beggar's tick, an herba- ceous weed, of American origin oooboooo Delonix regia, "Poinciana regia", a rather small tree extensively planted for its brilliant red flowers, native of Madagascar aooaoooo Pithecolobium dulcc, a large tree called opiuma by the Hawaiians, often escaped from cultiva- tion, of American origin aooooooa Samanea saman, monkeypod, extensively planted as a shade tree, of American origin 00000000 Albissia lehbck, a shade tree not very widely planted, of Indian origin aooaoooo Albissia saponaria, a shade tree, only a few trees in Honolulu, of Malay(?) origin aooboooo Adenanthcra pavonina, a tree planted for its scarlet seeds, of Indian origin aooaoooS Tamarindus indicus, tamarind, a tree planted for its acid pods, of Indian origin aooaooob BauJiinia tomcntosa, a flowering shrub, not very generally planted, of Indian origin aooaooob 505 TABLE OF EXPERIMENTS— Continued. Name and Origin of Seed, Etc. q oj 3 -t^ 3 Da; O S S E Q m m m Bauhinia inoiia}idra, a small flowering tree rath- er generally planted, of American origin a Desmanthus virgatus, a weedy shrub, of West Indian origin o Acacia koa, koa, a native Hawaiian timber tree, planted to some extent in the cooler parts of Honolulu a Acacia farncsiana, klu, a spinose shrub or small tree of American origin occupying large areas of the drier lowlands a Cacsalpinia pulcherrinia, pride of Barbadoes, an ornamental prickly shrub formerly grown in hedges and sparingly escaped, of American origin a PeltopJiorum inerinc, a beautiful tree extensively planted, of Malayan origin o 506 Insects in Relation to Problems of Storage of Food in Hawaii. BY JOIIX COLBURX BltID-\VELL, [Read at November meeting.] The problem of food storage and food conservation in Hawaii is affected by the destructive action of insects. A con- siderable number of species of stored-food insects are present but the different ones need not be considered separately since several species may be present in the same food and in general all these attacks are to be combatted in much the same way. There are differences in the resistance among these insects to the action of the instruments of sterilization and the measures resorted to must be adjusted to the most resistant. Certain general facts in regard to stored-food insects are to be borne in mind. All stored-food insects are developed from eggs and in all of any great importance there is a larval, or grub, or caterpillar stage, followed by an inactive pupal stage before the insect emerges as an adult. In these different stages there is considerable difference in the insect's resistance to fumigation or other means of killing them and the character of the foot product anii the IVIating of Cockroaclies .....—..,..:.„. 374: The feather Beetle (Dermestes viilpinus) a Trouble- some Pest of Dried Fish in Hawaii 375 The Australian Sheep i"ly in Hawaii 429 MuiE, F.: . ' " Two JSTew Species of IsTespsydne (Delphacidae) 405 A !N"ote on Euxe'stiis minor '. 414 Homopterous Notes II 4l4 PoTTEE, W/E. R: Annual: Address.... ^ 459 SwEZEY, O. H. : ! ; New Eecords of Insects on Kauai... 470 TiMBBRLAEE, P. H. : Key to Separate Hawaiian Sarcophaga..... 371 Note on Occurrence of an End(?mic Itonidid on Oahu 380 Note on Eearing of a Native Carabid Lai^a 380 Note 'on the Non-identity of a Connnon Hawaiian ■ jassid with Nesosteles hebe Kirkaldy of Fiji...... 381 Notes on Some of the Imjriigrant Parasitic Hymei;- optera of the Hawaiian Islands 399 rurndise Print