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HARVARD UNIVERSITY

LIBRARY

OF THE

Museum of Comparative Zoology

y-b '5'\S'

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

Indiana Academy
of Science

1913

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

Indiana Academy of Science

1913

H. E. BARNARD ------- - EDITOR

INDIANAPOLIS :

WM. B. BUEFORDj CONTRACXOE FOR STATE PRINTING AND BINDING

1914

TA.iL.: OF C(X,T^1:TS.

PAGE

Constitution 5

I'y-laMs 7

Appropriation for 1913-1914 0

An Act for the Protection of Birds. Their Nests and Eggs 9

Public Offenses— Hunting Wild Birds— Penalty U)

Ofiicers, 1913-1914 11

Executive Committee 11

Curators 11

Committees Academy of Science, 1914 12

Officers of the Academy of Science (A TaMe of) 13

Members 14

Fellows 14

Active Members 22

Resolution of Sympathy to Charles W. Fairbanks 34

Minutes of Spring Meeting 35

Minutes of tlie Twenty-ninth Annual Meeting Indiana Academy of

Science 37

President's Address : Work of the Indiana Academy of Science. Don-
aldson Bodine 43

Wabash Studies. lY : The Flood of March, 1913, at Terre Haute.

Charles R. Dryer 55

The Flood of March, 19:3, Along the Ohio River and Its Tributaries

in Southeastern Indiana. Glenn Gulbertson 57

The Wabash River Flood of 1913, at Lafayette, Indiana. R. L. Sackett 63
The Selective Action of Gentian Violet in Bacteriological Analysis.

C. M. Ililliard 69

An Epidemic of Diarrhoea. Presumably ]Milk-borne. P. A. Tetrault. . . 75
On the Vertical Distribution of the Planktc^n in Winona Lake. Glen-
wood Henry 77

A Simple Apparatus for the Study of Phototropic Responses in Seed-
lings. George N. Hoffer 93

A Test of Indiana Varieties of Wlieat Seed for Fungous Infection.

George N. Koffer 97

Pyropolyporus Everliartii (Ellis and Gall) Murrill as a Wound Para-
site. George N. Hoffer 99

The Mosses of Monroe Comity. Indiana, II. Mildred Nothnagle and

F. L. Pickett 103

PAGE

Ecological Notes on Certain White Kiver Algae. Panl Weatlierwax. . . 107

Aplianomyces PhycopliiUis De Bary. Paul Weatlierwax 103

Inheritance of the Length of Life in Drosophila Ampelophila. Roscoe

R. Hyde 113

The Germination of Seeds of Arisaenia. F. L. Pickett 125

Studies of Camptosorus Rhizophyllus, an Abstract of the Development
of the Prothallinm of Camptosorns Rhizoiihyllns. and the Resist-
ance of the Prothallia of Camptosorus Rhizophyllus to Desiccation.

F. L. Pickett 129

Irish Potato Scab (Oospora Scabies) as Affected by Fertilizers Con-
taining Su'phates and Chlorides. S. D. Conner 131

Wabash Studies, V. Topographic Map of the Terre Haute Area.

Chas. R. Dryer 139

Center of Area and Center of Population of Indiana. W. A. Cogshall. . 141

Tlie Shrinkage of Photo'^raphic Paper. R. R. Ramsey 143

Acyl Derivatives of O-Aminophenol. J. H. Ransom and R. E. Nelson. 14.")
Boiling and Condensing Points of Alcohol Water Mixtures. P. N.

Evans 151

On the General Solutit)n and So-Called Special Solutions of Linear

Non-homogeneous Partial Differential Equations. L. L. Steimley. 157

A Modified Permeameter. Edwin Morrison and B. D. Morris 159

Sanitary Survey of Indiana Rivers. Jay A. Craven, C. E 167

The Relation of Lakes to Floods, with Special Reference to Certain

Lakes and Streams of Indiana. Will Scott 173

First Steps in Indiana Forestry. Stanley Coulter 189

The Taxation of Forest Lands in Indiana. II. W. Anderson 197

Forests and Floods. F. M. Andrews 203

The Relation of County Tuberculosis Hospitals to Conservation of

Public Health. James Y. Welborn, M. D 213

Playgrounds and Recreation Centers as Factors in Conserxation of

Human Life. Dr. W. A. Gekler 215

Public Toilets, Public Driking Fountains and Public Spitting in rela-
tion to the ( 'oiisi'i-vation of Human Life. C. M. Ililliard 210

Power EcoiKiniy in the Soutliern Indiana <}uarry Industry. <i. C.

Mance 223

Report of the Conunittee on ''A List of the Scientitic and Terhnical

Serials in the Libraries of the Stati' .if Indiana" 237

List of Scicntilii- and 'i'ccbnic.-il Serials in Uu' Libraries of Indiana. . . . 210

CONSTITUTION.

ARTICLE I.

Section 1. This association shall be called the Indiana Academy of
Science.

Sec. 2. The objects of this Academy shall be scientific research and
the diffusion of knowledge concernins? the various departments of science;
to promote intercourse between men engaged in scientific work, espei-ially
in Indiana ; to assist by investigation and discussion in developing and
making known the material, educational and other resources and riches
of the State ; to arrange and prepare for publication such reports of investi-
gation and discussions as may further the aims and objects of the Academy
as set forth in these articles.

Whereas, The State has undertaken the publication of such proceed-
ings, the Academy will, ujjon request of the Governor, or of one of the
several departments of the State, through the Governor, act through its
council as an advisory body in the direction and execution of any investiga-
tion within its province as stated. The necessary expenses incurred in the
prosecution of such investigation are to be borne by the State ; no pecuniary
gain is to come to the Academy for its advice or direction of such investi-
gation.

The regular proceedings of the Academy as published by the State shall
become a public document.

ARTICLE II.

Section 1. Members of this Academy shall be honorary fellows,
fellows, non-resident members or active members.

Sec. 2. Any person engaged in any department of scientific work, or in
original research in any department of science, shall be eligible to active
iiKJinbership. Active meniliers may be annual or life members. Annual
members may be elected at any meeting of the Academy ; they shall sign
the constitution, pay an admission fee of two dollars and thereafter an
annual fee of one dollar. Any person who shall at one time contribute
fifty dollars to the funds of this Academy may be elected a life member of
the Academy, free of assessment. Non-resident members may be elected

6

from those who have been active )nembei's but who liave removed from the
State. In any case, a three-fourths vote of tlie members present shall elect
to membershiix Application for membership in any of the foregoing
classes shall be referred to a committee on application for membership,
who shall consider such application and report to the Academy before the
election.

Sec. 3. The members who are actively engaged in scientific work, who
have recognized standing as scientific men, and who have been members of
the Academy at least one year, may be reconunended for nomination for
election as fellows by three fellows or members personally acquainted with
their work and charactei-. Of members so nominated a number not exceed-
ing five in one year may. on recommendation of the Executive Committee,
be elected as fellows. At the meeting at which this is adopted, the mem-
bers of the Executive Committee for 1894 and fifteen others shall be elected
fellows, and those now lionorary mem))ers shall become honorary fellows.
Honorary fellows may be elected on account of special in-ominence in
science, on the written recommendation of two members of the Academy.
In any case a three-fourths vote of the members present shall elect.

ARTICLE III.

SrxTioN 1. The officers of this Acadeuiy shall be chosen by ballot at
the annual meeting, and shall hold office one year. They shall consist of a
President, Vice-President, Secretary, Assistant Secretary, Press Secretary
and Treasurer, who shall ]>erform the duties usually pertaining to their
respective offices and in addition, with the ex-presidents of the Acadeuiy.
shall constitute an Executive Couunittee. The President shall, at each
annual meeting, appoint two members to be a connuittee, which shall
prepare the programs and have charge of the arrangements for all meetings
for one year.

Skc. 2. Tile annual meeting of this Acadeuiy shall be held in the city
of IiHliaiiai»(»lis within the week following Christmas of each year, unless
otherwise oi-dered by the Executive Committee'. There shall also be a
summer meeting at such time and place as may be decided upon by the
Execnti\e Committee. Other meetings may be called at the discretion of
the Executive Committee. The past Presidents, together with the officers
and Executive Committee, shall constitute the council of the Academy, and
represent it in the transaction of any necessary business not especially
provided I'or in this constitution, in the inlcrim biMweeii general meetings.

Sec. 3. This constitution may be altered or amended at any annual
meeting by a three-fourths majority of the attending members of at least
one year's standing. No question of amendment shall be decided on the
day of its presentation.

BYLAWS.

1. On motion, any special department of science shall be assigned to
a curator, whose duty it shall be, with the assistance of the other members
interested in the same department, to endeavor to advance knowledge in
that particular department. Each curator shall report at such time and
place as the Academy shall direct. These reports shall include a brief
summary of the progress of the department during the year preceding the
presentation of the report.

2. The President shall deliver a ])ublic address on the morning of one
of the days of tlie meeting at tlie expiration of his term of office.

3. The Press Secretaiy shall attend to the securing of proper news-
paper reports of the meetings and assist the Secretary.

4. No special meeting of the Academy shall be held without a notice
of the sa)ne having been sent to the address of each member at least fifteen
days before such meeting.

5. No bill against the Academy shall be paid without an order signed
by the President and countersigned ))y the Secretary.

6. Members who shall allow their dues to remain unpaid for two
years, having been annually notified of their arrearage by the Treasurer,
shall have their names stricken from the roll.

7. Ten members shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of
business.

AN ACT TO PROVIDE FOR THE PUBLICATION OF THE REPORTS
AND PAPERS OF THE INDIANA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE.

[Approved March 11, 1895.]
Whereas, The Indiana Academy of Science, a chartered scientific
association, has embodied in its constitution a provision that it will, upon
the request of the Governor, or of the several departments of the State

8

government, tlironirh the Governor, and throuiili its covuicil as an advisory
board, assist in the direction and execution of any investigation within its
province, without pecuniary gain to the Academy, provided only that the
necessary expenses of such investigation are borne by the State ; and.

Whereas, Tlie reports of the meetiJigs of said Academy, with tlie
several papers read before it. have very great educational, industrial and
economic value, and should be preserved in permanent form ; and

Whioreas, The Constitution of the 8tate makes it the duty of the
General Assembly to encourage l>y all suitable means intellectual, scientific
and agricultural improvement; therefore,

Section 1. Be it enacted by the General Assemhly of the State of
Indiana, That hereafter the animal reports of the meetings of the Indiana
Academy of Science, beginning with the report for the year 1S94, including
all papers of scientific or economic value, presented at such meetings, after
they shall have been edited and prepare<l for publication as hereinafter
provided, shall be published by and under the direction of the Commission-
ers of Public Printing and Binding.

Sec. 2. Said reports shall be edited and prepared for publication
without expense to the State, by a corps of editors to be selected and
appointed by the Indiana Academy of Science, who shall not. by reason of
such ser\'ice, have any claim against the State for compensation. The form,
style of binding, paper, typogra])hy and manner and extent of illustration of
such reports shall be determined ))y the editors, subject to the api>roval of
the Commissioners of Public Printing and Stationery. Not less than 1.500
nor more than 3,000 copies of each of said reports shall be published, the
size of the edition within said limits to be determined by the concurrent
action of the editors and the Commissioners of I'ublic Printing and Station-
ery: Provided, That not to exceed six hundred dollars (."jJOOO) shall be
expended for such i)ublic;i(ioii in any one year, and not to extend beyond
1896: Provided, That no sums shall lie deemed to be ajiproiiriated for the
year 1894.

Si:c. 3. All exct'iil thi-cc humlrcd cojtics of each volume of said rejiorts
shall be jilaced in the custody of the State liibrarian, who shall furnish one
copy thei-eof to each jiublic library in the State, one copy to each university,
college or noi-mal sclioul in Ihe State, one copy to each high schnol in iho
State ha\ inuc a lilirary. which shall make apr.'Ucation therefor, and one copy
to such otlier institutions, societies or persons as may be designated by the

9

Academy through its editors or its council. Tlie remaining three hu.udred
copies shall be turned over to the Academy to be disposed of as it may
determine. In order to pro^■ide for the preservation of the same it shall be
the duty of the Custodian of the State House to provide and place at the
disposal of the Academy one of the unoccupied rooms of the State House,
to be designated as the office of the Academy of Science, wherein said copies
of said reports belonging to the Academy, together with the original
manuscripts, drawings, etc., thereof can be safely kept, and he shall also
equip the sajne with the necessary shelving and furniture.

Siic. 4. An emergency is hereby declared to exist for the immediate
taking effect of this act, and it shall therefoi'e take effect and be in force
from and after its passage.

APPROPIIIATION FOR 1913-1914.

The appropriation foi- the publication of the proceedings of the Acad-
emy during the years 1913 and 1914 was increased by the Legislature in the
General .\piiropriation bill, approved March 9, 1909. That portion of the
law fixing the amount of the appropriation for the Academy is herewith
given in full :

For the Academy of Science : For the printing of the proceedings of
the Indiana Academy of Science twelve hundred dollars: Proridcd, That
any unexpended balance in 1913 shall be available in 1914. and that any
unexpended balance in 1914 shall be aAailable in 1915.

AN ACT FOR THE PROTECTION OF BIRDS, THEIR NESTS
AND EGGS.

Sec. 602. Whoever kills, traps or has in his possession any wild bird,
or whoe-^'er sells or offers the same for sale, or whoever destroys the nest
or eggs of any wild bird, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and
upon conviction thereof shall be fined not less than ten dollars nor more
than twenty-fi^■e dollars : I'roculec], That the provisions of this section shall
not apply to tlie following named game birds : The Anatidtr, commonly
called swans, geese, brant, river and sea duck ; the Rallida;, commonly
called rails, coots, mud-hens, gallinules ; the Limicoke. commonly called
shore birds, surf birds, plover, snipe, woodcock, sandpipers, tattlers and
curlew; the Gallinie, commonly called wild tui-keys, grouse, prairie chick-
ens, quails and pheasants; nor to English or Eui-oiioan house sparrows.

10

crows, hawks or other birds ot: prey. Nor shall this section apply to
persons taking birds, their nests or egii's. for scientifir purposes, under
permit, as provided in the next section.

Sec. r;03. Permits may be granted by the Commissioner of Fisheries
and Game to any proi>erly accredited iierson, jiermitting the holder thereof
to collect birds, their Jiests or eggs I'oi- sti-ictiy scientific purposes. In
order to obtain such permit the applicant for the same must pi-esent to
such Commissioner written testimonials frtmi two well-known scientific men
certifying to the good character and titness of such applicant to be entrusted
with such privilege, and pay to such Connnissioner one dollar therefor and
file with him a properly executed I>ond in the sum of two hundred dollars,
payable to the State of Indiana, conditioned that he will obey the terms of
such permit, and signed by at least two responsible citizens of the State as
sureties. The bond nuiy be forfeited, and the permit revoked ujion proof to
the satisfaction of such Commissioner that the holder of such pernnt has
liilled any bird or taken the nest or eggs of any bird for an.v other purpose
than that named in this section.

PUBLIC OFFENSES— HUNTING WIUD lURDS— PENALTY.

[Approved March 13. 1013.1
Section 1. Be it enacted hi/ the General Assemhhf of the State of
Indiana, That section six (0) of the above entitled act be amended to read
MS follows: Section G. That section six hundred two (002) of the above
entitled act be amended to read as follows: Section 602. It slnill be
unlawful for any person to kill, trap or possess any wild bird, or to
purchase or offer the same for sale, or to destroy the nest or eggs of any
wild Itird, except as otiierwise provided in this section. But this section
shall not apply to the following named game birds: The Anatida?, com-
monly called swans, geese, brant, river and sea duck; the Rallid;e, com-
nionl.v luiowii as rails, coots, mud-hens and gallinules; the LinucohP,
comnionl.v known as shore birds, plovers, surf birds, snipe, woodrock.
.sandjjiiiers, tattlers and curlews; the Gallin.-Tp, connuonly called wild
turkeys, grouse, prairie chickens, qu;iils, iiiid pheasjints; nor to English or
European house sparrows, blackbirds, crows, hawks or other birds of prey.
Nor shall this section ;U)pl,v to any jicrson taking l)irds or their nests or
eggs foi- scientilic pui'poses under poi-mit as proxided in tlu^ next section.
An.y per.son violating the provisions ol" (his section shall, on conviction, lie
fined not le.ss than ten d<il1ars (.$10 00) nor more than fifty dollars (.$."0.00-),

KnDlana 3caDemp of Science.

Officers, 1913-1914.

Arthur., J. C,
BiGNEY, A. J.,
Blatchley, W. S.,
BoDiNE, Donaldson,
Branner, J. C,
BuRRAGE, Severance,
Butler, Amos W.,
cogshall, w. a.,
Coulter, John M.,
Coulter, Stanley,

CULBERTSON, GlENN,

President,

Severance Burrage.

Vice-President,

A. L. Foley.

Secretary,

Andrew J. Eigne y.

Assistant Secretary,

H. E. Enders.

Press Secretary,

Frank B. Wade.

Treasurer,
W. A. Cogsh.\ll.

Editor,
H. E. Barnard.

Executive Committee:
Dryer, Chas. R.,

ElGENMANN, C. H.,

Evans, P. N.,
Dennis, D. W.,
Foley, A. L.,
Hay, O. P.,
Hessler, Robert,
John, J. P. D.,
Jordan, D. S.,
Mees, Carl L.,
Moenkhaus, W. J.,

MoTTiER, David M.
Mendenhall, T. C.
Naylor, Joseph P.,
No YES, W. A.,
Stuart, Milo H.,
Wade, F. B.,
Waldo, C. A.,
Wiley, H. W.,
Willlamson, E. B.,
Wright, John S.,

Curators:

Botany J. C. Arthur.

Entomology W. S. Blatchley.

Herpetology 1

Mammalogy )■ A. W. Butler.

Ornithology J

Ichthyology H . C. Eigenmann.

(11)

12

Committees Academy of Science, 1914.

Program.
John S. Wright, Indianapolis
Chas. Stoltz, South Bend
W. M. Blanchard, Greencastle

Nominations.
Donaldson Bodine, Crawfordsville
J. W. Beede, Bloomington
Edwin Morrison, Richmond

State Library.
W. S. Blatchley, Indianapolis
Stanley Coulter, Lafayette
Amos W. Butler, Indianapolis

Biological Survey.

C. C. Deam, Bluffton
Will Scott, Bloomington
Geo. N. Hoffer, Lafayette
U. O. Cox, Terre Haute

J. A. Nieuwland, Notre Dame

Distrihution of Proceedings.
A. J. BiGNEY, Moorcs Hill
Amos W. Butleii, Indianapolis
P. X. Evans, Lafayette

D. M. Mottier, Bloomington
John S. WuiGiri', Indianapolis

Membership.
F. M. Andrews, Bloomington
A. M. Ken yon, Lafayette
Fred jMiller, Indianapolis

Auditing.
John C. Dean, Indianapolis
L. J. Rettger, Terre Haute

Restriction of Weeds and Diseases.
J. C. Arthur, Lafayette
Robert Hessler, Logansport
J. N. HuRTY, Indianapolis
Stanley Coulter, Lafayette
D. M. IMoTTiER, Bloomington

Academy to Slate.
R. W. McBride, Indianapolis
Glenn Culbertson, Llanover
H. E. Barnard, Indianapolis
Amos W. Butler, Indianapolis
W. W. Woolen, Indianapolis

Publication of Proceedings.
H. E. Barnard, Editor, Indianapolis
C. M. Hilliaud, Lafayotto
F. B. Wade, Indianapolis
C. R. Dryer, Torre Haute
M. K. IIaggkhtv. Bloomington

13

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0. P. Jenkins.
0. P. Jenkins.
0. P. Jenkins.
O. P. Jenkins.
0. P. Jenkins.
0. P. Jenkins.
C. A. Waldo.

C. A. W.ildn

W. p. Shannon.
W. P. Shannon.
W. P. Shannon.
W. P. Shamion.
J. T. Scovell.

Scovell.

Scovell.

Scovell.

Scovell.
V. McBeth.
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Geo. W. B(>nton

Geo. W. Benton

Geo. W. Benton

G. A. Abbott

G. A. Abbott

G. A. Abbott

Charles R. Clark

G. A. Abbott

G. A. Abbott

G. A. Abbott

John W. Woodhams .

Milo H. Stuart

Milo H. Stuart

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onaldson Bodine..

H. Ransom

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John S. Wright

John S. Wright

John S. Writiht

John S. Wright

LvnnB. McMuUen. .
Lynn B. Mc.Mullen. .
Lynn B. AlcMullen. .

J. H. Ransom

J. H. Ransom

Geo. W. Benton

A. J. Bigney

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John S. Wright

Robert Hessler

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Glenii Culbertson

A. L. Foley

P. N. Evans

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MEMBERS.*

FELLOWS.
tfAbbott, G. A., Grand Forks, N. Dak flQOS

Professor ot Chemistry, University of North Dakota.

Chemistry.
Aley, Robert J., Orono, Me 1898

President of University of Maine.

IMathematies and General Science.
Anderson, I-I. W.. 1 Mills Place. Crawfordsville, Ind 1912

Professor of Botany, Wabash College.

Botany.

Andrews, F. M., 744 E. Thiid St.. P.loomington, Ind 1911

Assistant Professor of Botany, Indiana University.
Botany.

Arthnr, Joseph C, 915 Columbia St.. Lafayette, Ind 1894

Professor of Vegetable Physiology and Pathology, Purdue Uni-
versity.

Botany.
Barnard, II. E.. Room 20, State House, Iudianai»olis, Ind 1910

Chemist to Indiana State Board of Health.

Chemistry, Sanitary Science, I'ure Foods.
Beede, Joshua W., cor. Wall and Atwater Sts., Kloomington. Ind 190G

Associate Professor of Geology, Indiana University.

Stratigiaiiliic (ieology. Physiography.
Benton, (Jeorge W., IOC) Washington S(iuare, New York, N. Y 1896

With the American Book Comiumy.

* Every efTort has been made to obtain the correct address and oeoupation of carli mem-
ber, and to learn what line of science he is interested in. The fir.-it hne contains the name and
address; the .second li^e the occupation; the third line the branch of science in which he is interested.
The omisiiion of an address indicates that mail addres.sed to the last printed address was returned as
uncalled for. Information as to the present address of member? so indicated is req-e.sted by the
secretary. The cu.stom of dividing the list of mombor< h;is been followc 1.

t Date of election,
tt Non-resident.

15

Bigney, Andrew J.. Moores Hill, liul 1897

Vice-Presiflent and Pi-ofessor of Biology and Geology. Moores Hill
College.

Biology and Geology.
Bitting, Catharine Golden, Washington, D. C 1895

Microscopic Expert, Pnre Food, National Canuers Laboratory.

Botany.

Blatchley. W. S., 15."8 Park Ave., Indianapolis, Ind 1893

Naturalist.

Botany, Entomology and Geology.
Bodine, Donaldson, Four Mills Place, Crawfordsville, Ind 1899

Professor of Geology and Zoology. Wabash College.

Entomology and Geologj'.
Breeze, Fred .J., care American Book Company, New York, N. Y 1910

Witli the Amei"ican Book Coml)anJ^

Geography.
Bruner, Harry Lane, 324 S. liitter Ave., Indianapolis, Ind 1899

Professor of Biology, Butler College.

Comparative Anatomy, Zoology.
Burrage, Severance, care Eli Lilly Co., Indianapolis, Ind 1898

Charge of Biological Laboratory, Eli Lilly Co.

Bacteriology, Sanitary Science.
Butler, Amos W , o2 Downey, Ave., Irvington, Ind 1893

Secretary, Indiana Board of State Charities.

Vertebrate Zoology, Anthropology, Sociology.
Cogshall, Wilbur A., 423 S. Fess Ave., Bloomington, Ind 1906

Associate Professor of Astronomy, Indiana University.

Astronomy and Physics.
Cook, Mel T.. New Brunswick, N. .J 1902

Professor of Plant Pathology. Rutgers College.

Botany. Plant Pathology, Entomology.
Coulter, .John M., care University of Chicago, Chicago, 111 1893

Head Department of Botany, Chicago University.

Botany.
Coulter, Stanley. 213 S. Ninth St , Lafayette, Ind 1893

Dean School of Science, Purdue University.

Botany, Forestry.

16

Cox, Ulysses O., P. O. Box 81, Terre Hante, Incl 1908

Head Department Zoology and Botany, Indiana State Normal.

Botany, Zoology.
Ciilbertson, Glenn, Hanover, Ind 1899

Chair Geology, Physics and Astronomy. Hanover College.

Geology.
Cumings. Edgar Roscoe, 327 E. Second St., Bloomington, Ind 1906

Professor of Geology, Indiana University.

Geologjs Paleontology.
Davisson. Schuyler Colfax, Bloomington. Ind 1908

Professor of Mathematics, Indiana T^niversity.

Mathematics.
Deam, Charles C. Blnffton, Ind 1910

Druggist.

Botany.
Dennis, Da^id Worth, Richmond, Ind 1895

Professor of Biology, Earlham College.

Biology.
Dryer, Charles R., 35 Gilbert Ave., Terre Haute. Ind 1897

Professor of Geography and (Teology. Indiana State Normal.

Geograph:\', Geology.
Eigenmann, Carl H., 6.30 Atwater St., BloomingtDn, Ind 1893

Professor Zoology, Dean of Graduate School. Indiana University.

Embryolog.v, Degeneration, Heredity, Evolution and Distribution of
American Fish.
Enders, Howard Edwin, 105 Quincy St., Lafayette, Ind 1912

Associate Professor of Zoology. Purdue University.

Zoology.
Evans, Percj' Norton, Lafayette, Ind 1901

Director of Chemical Laboratory. Purdue University.

Chemistry.
Foley, Arthur L., Bloomington. Ind 1897

Head Department of Physics. Indiana University.

Physics.
Golden, M. J.. Lafayette, Ind 1809

Director of Laboratories of I'riu (it:tl Aledianics. l'urdiu> Uni-
versity.

Mechanics.

17

tfGoss, William Freeman M., Urbaiia, 111 1893

Dean of College of Engineering, Univei'sity of Illinois.

Haggerty. M. E., Bloomington, Ind 1913

Hathaway, Artluir S., 2206 N. Tenth St , Terre Haute, Ind 1895

Professor of Mathematics, Rose Polytechnic Institute.

Matheniatics, Physics.
Hessler, Robert, Logansport, Ind 1899

Physician.

Biology.

Hilliard, C. M., Lafayette, Ind 1913

Hoffer, Geo. N., West Lafayette, Ind 1913

Hurty. .T. N., Indianapolis, Ind 1910

Secretary, Indiana State Board of Health.

Sanitary Science. Vital Statistics, Eugenics.

tHuston, H. A., New York City 1893

Kern. Frank D., State College, Pa 1912

Professor of Botany, Pennsylvania State College.

Botany.
Lyon.s, Robert E., 630 E. Third St., Bloomington, Ind 1896

Head of Department of Chemistry, Indiana University;

Organic and Biological Chemistry.
McBeth, William A., 1905 N. Eighth St., Terre Haute, Ind 1904

Assistant Professor Geography, Indiana State Normal.

Geography, Geology, Scientific Agriculture.

tMarsters, V. F., Santiago, Chile 1893

Mees, C. L., Terre Haute, lud 1894

President of Rose Polytechnic Institute.
tMiller, John Anthony, Swarthmore, Pa 1904

Professor of Mathematics and Astromony. Swarthmore College.

Astronomy, Mathematics.
Moenkhaus, William .J., 501 Fess Ave., Bloomington, Ind 1901

Professor of Physiology, Indiana University.

Physiology.
Moore, Richard B., Denver, Colo 1893

With U. S. Bureau of Mines.

Chemistry, Radio-activity.

2—1019

18

Alottier, David M., 215 Forest riaee. Blooniingtou. Ind 1893

Professor of Botany, Indiana Iniversity.

Morphology. Cytology.
Naylor. J. I' . Greentastle. Ind 1903

Professor of Physics. Dei)anw Tniversity.

Physics, Mathematics.
tNoyes. AVilliam Albert, Urbana. Ill 1893

Director of ("heniical Laboratoiy, University of Illi'iois.

Chemistrj'.
Pohlman, Augustus U.. IIOO E. Second St.. Bloomington. Ind 1911

Professor of Anatcnny, Indiana University.

Embryology, Comparative Anatomy.
Ramsey. liolla R., 615 E. Third St., Bloomington. hid 1900

Associate Professoi- of Physics, Indiana I'niversity.

Physics.
Ran.som, James H., 323 University St., West Lafayette, Ind 1902

Professor of Genei'al Cliemistry, Purdue University.

(Teneral Chemistry. Organic Chenustry, Teaching.
Rettger, Louis J., 31 Gilbert Ave., Terre Haute, Ind 1890

Professor of Physiology, Indiana State Normal.

Animal Physiology.
Rothrock, David A.. Bloomington. Ind 190<i

Professor of Mathematics, Indiana University.

Mathematics.
Scott. Will, 731 Atwater St.. Bloomington. Ind 1911

Assistant Professor of Zoology. Indiana University.

Zoologj', Lake Problems.
Shainion. Charles W., Norman, Okla 1912

\^ ith Oklahoma State Geological Survey.

Soil Survey. Botany.
Smith. Albert, Hrj2 ScNcnlh St., West Lala,\(>tte 1908

Professor of Structuial I''ngincering.

Ph.ysics, Mechanics.
ttSnnth, Alexander, (-.•irc <"olniiibi;i I'liivcM'sity. X(>\v York, X. Y 1893

Head of I>ei>iirtin( iit df Clieniistry. Columbia Cniversity.

Chemistry.

19

Siiiitli. Charles Maniuis, 1)10 S. AiiiMi St.. Lalayettc. Iiid 1912

Professor of Physics, Pnrdno I'niversity.

Physics.
Stoue Wiuthrop E., Lafayette, Ind 1893

President of Purdue University.

Chemistry,
tff^^ain. Joseph, SwartJitnore, Pa 1898

President of Swarthmore College.

Science of Administration.
Van Hook, James M., 6;:;9 N. College Ave., Bloomington, Ind 1911

Assistant Professor of Botany, Indiana University.

Botany.
ttWaldo, Clarence A., oare Washington University, St. Louis, Mo. . . . 1893

Thayer Professor Mathematics and Applied Mechanics, Washing-

j ton University.

Mathematics, INIechanics, Geologv and JNIineraloirv.
I
jftWehster, F. M., Kensington. Md 1894

:' Entomologist, U. S. Department of Agriculture. Washington, D. C.
> Entomology.

iWestlund, Jacob, 439 Salisbury St., West Lafa.yette. Ind 1904

Professor of Mathematics, Purdue University.
Mathematics.

Viley, Harvey W.. Cosmos Club, Washington. D. C 1895

Professor of Agricultural Chemistry, George Washington Uni-
versity.
Biological and Agricultural Chemistry.

\''oollen. William Watson. Indianaimlis. Ind 1908

1 Lawyer.

i| Birds and Nature Study.

fright, John S.. care Eli Lilly Co., Indianapolis, Ind 1894

I,' ^Manager of Advertising Department, Eli Lilly Co.
Botany.

ii

20

NON-RE f^I DENT MEMBERS.

Ashley, George H., Washington, D. C.

Branner. John Casper, Stanford UniAersity, California.

Vice-l*resident of Stanford L'uiversity, and Professor of Geology.

Geology.
Brannoii, Melvin A.. 207 Chestnut St., Grand Forks, N. D.

Professor of Botanj-.

Plant Breeding.
Campbell, D. H., Stanford IFniversity, California.

Professor of Botany, Stanford University.

Botany.
Clark, Howard Walton. U. S. Biological Station, Fairport, Iowa.

Scientifie Assistant, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries.

Botany, Zoology.
Dorner, H. B., Urbana, Illinois.

Assistant Professor of Floriculture.

Botany, Floriculture.
Duff, A. Wilnier, 43 Harvard St., Worcester, Mass.

Professor of Physics, Worcester Polytechnic Institute.

Physics.
Evermann, Barton Warren, Bureau of Fisheries, Washington, D. C.

Chief, Alaska Fisheries Service

Zoology.
Fiske, W. A.
Garrett, Chas. W., Room lis, I't-nnsylvania Station, Pittsburgh, i'a.

Librarian, Pennsylvania Lines West of Pittsburgh.

Entomology, Sanitary Sciences.
Gilbert, Charles H., Stanford ITniversty, California.

Professor of Zoology, Stanford University .

Ichthyology.
Greene, Charles Wilson, 814 Virginia Ave.. Columbia, Mo.

Professor of Physiology and l'harnia<-ology. University ol' .Missouri

Physiology, Zoology.
Hargitt, Chas. W., 900 Walnut Ave., Syracuse, X. Y.

Professor of Zoology. Syracuse University.

Hygiene, Embryology, Eugenics, Aninial IW'liavior.

21

Hay, Oliver Perry, t'- S. National Museum, Washingtou, D. C.
Research Associate, Carnegie Institution of Washington.
Vertebrate Paleontology, especially that of the Pleistocene Epoch.

Hughes, Edward, Stockton, California.

Jenkins, Oliver P., Stanford University, California.
Professor of Phvsiology, Stanford University.
Physiology, Histologj^

Jordan, David Starr. Stanford University. California.
President of Stanford University.
Fish, Eugenics. Botany. Evolution.

Kingsley, J. S., Tufts College, Massachusetts.
Professor of Zoology, Tufts College.
Zoology.

Knipp, Charles T., 913 W. Nevada St., Urbana, Illinois.
Assistant Professor ot Physics, University of Illinois.
Physics, Discharge of Electricity thru (iases.

MacDougal, Daniel Trembly, Tucson, Arizona.

Director, Department of Botanical Research, Carnegie Institute, Wash-
ington, D. C.
Botany.

McMulleu, Lynn Banks, State Normal School, Valley City, North Dakota.
Head Science Department, State Normal School.
Physics, Chemistry.

Mendenhall, Thomas Corwin, Ravenna, Ohio.
Retired.
Physics, "Engineering," Mathematics. Astronomy.

Newsom, J. F., Palo Alto, California.
Mining Engineer.

Purdue. Albert Homer. State <4eological Survey. Nashville, Tenu.
State Geologist of Tennessee.
Geology.

Reagan, A. B., Nett Lake School, Nett Lake, ;\[innesota.

Superintendent and Special Distribution .\gent. Indian Service.
Geology. Paleontology, Ethnology.

22

Slonaker, Jjiiuc-; Uolliii. .ioJ Kiiiiisley Ave.. I'uk) Alto, Calit'oniin.
Assistant I'rofcssor of l'hysiolo;iy. Stanford TJnivoi-sity.
Physiology, Zoology.

Springer, Alfred, 312 East 2d St., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Chemist.
Chemistry.

ACTIVE MEMBERS.

Allen, William Kay. Blooinington, Ind.
.lUison, Evelyn, Lafayette, Ind.

Care Agricultural Experiment Station.

Botany.
Baine, H. Foster, 420 Market St., San Francisco. Cal.

Editor, Mining and Scientific Press.
Balver, Walter D., N. Illinois St. Indianapolis. Ind.

Care Waldcraft Go.

Chemistry.
Baker, Walter M., Amboy.

Superintendent of Schools.

Mathematics and Piiysics.
Baiiker, Howard J., 300 Hanna St., (Ttreencastle.

Profe.ssor of Biology. Del'auw University.

Botany.
Barcus, H. H.. Indianapolis.

Tnstrnctor, Mathematics, Shortridge High School.
Barv, Harry L., Waveland.

Student.

Botany and Forestry,
l^arrelt, Edward, Indianapolis.

State Geologist.

Geology, Soil Survey.

Bates, W. II., 300 Ihissell St., West Lafayett<>
Associate Profe.ssor. Mathematics.

23

Bell, Guido, 4:i'[ E. Oliio f>t., IndianaiJolis.

Physi(iaii.
Bellamy. Hay, Worcester, Mass.

Bennett. Iah' F., 82r» Laporte Ave., Valparaiso.

Profes.sor oi' Geoloirj' and Zoology, Valparaiso University.

Geology, Zoology.
Bishop, Harry Eldridge, 1706 College Ave.. Indianapolis.

Food Chemist, Indiana State Board of Health,
r.lanchard, William M., lOOS S. College Ave., Greencastlc

Professor of Chemistry. DePauw T'niversity.

Organic Chemistry.
Bond, Charles S., 112 X. Tenth St. Iti( hmond.

Physician.

Biology, Bacteriology, Physi'-al Diagnosis and Photomicrography.
Bourke, A. Adolphus, 1103 Cottage Ave., Colnmbus.

Instructor, Physics, Zoology and Geography.

Botany, Physics.
Brossmann. Charles, 1(!1<; ^lercliants Bank Bklg.. Indiana])olis.

Consulting Engineer.

Water Supply, Sewage Disposal. Sanitary Engineering, etc.
Brown, James, 5372 E. Washington St., Indianapolis.

Professor of Chemistr.v. Butler College.

Chemistry.
Brown, Hugh E.. Bloomington. Ind.

Bruce, Edwin M., 2401 North Ninth St.. Terre Haute.

Assistant Professor of I^hysics and Chemistry, Indiana State Normal.

Chemistry, Physics.
Bryan, William Lowe. Bloomington.

President. Indiana I'niversity.

Psychology.
Bybee, Halbert 1'., Bloomington.

Graduate Student, Indiana University.

Geology.
Canis, Edward N., 222] I'aik Ave.. Indianapolis.

Officeman with William B. Burford.

Botany, Psychology,

24

Carmichael, R. D., Blooiuingtoii.

Assistant Professor of Mathomatics. liirliaiia University.
Mathematics.

Caswell, Albert E.. Lafayette.

Instrnctor in I'hysics, I'ur<lue T'niversity.

Physics and Applied Mathematics.
Chansler, Elias J., Bicknell.

Farmer.

Ornithology and Mammals.
Clarke, Elton Russell. Indianapolis.
Clark, -Jediah II.. I2(i East Fourth St., Connersville.

Physician.

Medicine.
Conner, S. D., West Lafayette.
Cox, William Clifford.
Crowell, Melvin E., fi-lS E. jNIoiiroe St.. Franklin.

Dean of Franklin College.

Chemistry and Physios.
Cutter, (iJeorge, Broad Branch Road, Washington, D. C.

Retired Manufacturer of Electrical Supplies.

Conch ology.
Daniels, Lorenzo E., Rolling Prairie.

Retired Farmer.

Conchology.
Davs, IVIelvin K., Anderson.

Instructor, Anderson High School.

Physiography, Geology, Climatology.

Deppe, C. R., Franklin.

Dietz, Harry F., 408 W. Twenty-eightli St., Indianapolis.

Deputy State Entomologist.

Entomology, Eugenics. I'aiasitolog\ , Plant Pathology.

Dolan, Jos. P., Syracuse.

Drew, David Abbott, 817 East Second St., P.looniington.

Instructor in .Mc( lianics and Astronomy.

.Vsli-onomy. .Mrrii.-inics, M.-itlicnnitifs .•uid A)ipli('il Matlicniatii

25

DuF»ois, Henry, Bloomiiigton. Incl.

Dudeii, Hans A., 5050 E. WasJjin^ton St., Indianapolis.
Analytical Cliemist.
Chemistry.

Butcher, J. B., Bloomington.

Assistant Professor of Physics, Indiana University .
Physics.

Karp, Samuel E., 24A Keiitiiek.\ Ave., Indianapolis.
Physiciaii.

Easley, Mary, Bloomington, Jnd.

Edmonstou, Clarence E.. Bloomington.

Gradaate Student. Physiology. Indiana I'niversity.

Physiology.
Ellis, Max Mapes, Boulder, Colo.

Instructor in Biology, University of Colorado.

Biology, Entomology.
Evans, Samuel G.. 14.")2 Upper Sc-ond St., Evansville.

Merchant.

Botany, Ornithology.
Ewers, James E., Terre Haute.

Instructor in High School.

Geology.

Felver, William P., ?,25h .Market St., Logansport.

Railroad Clerk.

Geology, Chemistry.
Fisher, Martin L., Lafayette.

Professor of Crop Prorluction, Purdue I'niversity.

Agriculture, Soils and Crops, Birds, Botany.
Frier, George M., Lafayette.

Assistant Superintendent. Agricultural Experiment Station. Purdue
University.

Botany, Zoology, Entomologj', Oi-nithology, Geology.
Fuller, Frederick D., 213 Russell St., West Lafayette.

Chief Deputy State Chemist. Purdue Experiment Station.

Chemistry, Microscopy.

26

Funk. Austin. -lOi Spring St.. .Iefter>sonvill(>.
Physician.
Diseases of E.\e, Ear. Nose and Tliroat.

Galloway, Jesse James, Eloomineton.
Instruction, Indiana University.
Geologj'. Paleontology.

(fates, Florence A., 416 I'-ving St., Toledo. Ohio.
Teacher of Botany.
Botany and Zoology.

(iillum, Robert G., Terre Haute, Ind.

(ilenn, E. R., 585 North Walnut St., Bloomington.
Instructor in Physics, Bloomington High Scliool.
Physics.

Gottlieb, Frederic W., Morristown.

Care Museum of Xatural History. Assistant Curator. Moores Hil!

College.
Archaeology, Ethnology.

Grantham, Guy E.. 4VJ Vine St., West Lafayette.
Instructor in Physics, Purdue I'niversity.

Gi'eene, Frank C, Missouri Bureau of Geology and Miiuvs. KoUa, Mo.
Geologi.st.
Geology.

Grimes, Earl J., Russellville.
Care U. S. Soil Survey
Botany, Soil Survey.

Harding, C. Francis, 111 Fowler Ave., West Lafayette.

Professor of Electrical Engineering, Purdue Thiiversity.
Mathematics, Physics, Cliemistry.

Harman, Mary T., Gil Laramie St., Manhattan. I\;insas.

Instructor in Zoohigy, Kansas State .\gricultur:il College.
Zoology.

Harvey. K. I'.. Indianapolis.

Ileimburger. Harry V.. "ill West \\'asliingtoii St.. I rl»nna. 111.
Assistant in Zoology, rni\-ersil\ of Illinois.

27

Hendricks, Victor K., S~<o Benton Ave., '^i«rinLrtiel(l. Mo.
Assistant Ciiief Engineer, St. L. & S. F. TJ. It.
Civil Engineering ari'i Wood Preserv.^Ation.

Henuel, Coi'u, Biooniington. Itid.

Henuel, Edith A., Biooniington, Ind.

Hetherington, John P., 418 Fonrtli St.. Logansport.
Physician.
Medicine, Snrger^ . X-Ray. Eleetro-Therapentics.

Hintuan, J. J., Jr., University of Iowa. Iowa City, la.
Chemist, Dept. Public Health and Hygiene.
Chemistry.

Hole, Allen D., Richmond.

Instructor. Earlham College.

Hubbai'd, Lucius M.. South Bend.
Lawyer.

Hufford. Mason E.. Blof'iniiicton, Ind.

Hutton, Joseph (Jladden, P.rookings, South Dakota.
Associate Professor of Agronomy. State College.
Agronomy, Geology.

Hyde, Roscoe Raymond, Terre Hnnte.

Assistant Professor, Pliysiology and Zology, Indiana State Normal.
Zoology, Physiology', Bacteriology.

Ibison, Harry M., Marion.

Insti'uctor in Science, Marion Higii School.

Jackson, D. E., St. Louis, Mo.

Assistant Professor, Pharmacology, \\'ashington University.

Johnson, A. G.. Madison, Wisconsin.

Jones, Wm. J., Jr., Lafayette.

State Chemist. Professor of .Agriculture and Chemistry, I*urdue Ua>-

versity.
Cliemistry, and general subjects relating to agriculture.

Kenyon, Alfred ^lonroe, 315 Uni\ersity St., West Lafayette.
Professor of Mathematics, Purdue University,
^latliematics.

28

von KleinSmid, R. B., Tucson. Ariz..

President University of Ariz.
Liebers, Paul J., 1104 Southeastern Ave.. Indianapolis.

Ludwig, C. A.. 210 Waldron St.. West Lafayette, Ind.
Assistant in Botany, Purdue University.
Botany, Agriculture.

Ludy, L. v.. 220 University St., Lafayette.

Professor, Experimental Engineering, Purdue University,
Experimental Engineering in Steam and Gas.

Ma.son, T. E., Bloomington.

Graduate Student, JNIatliematics, Indiana University.

Mathematics.
McBride, liobert W., 1230 State Life Building, Indianapolis.

Lawyer.
McEwan, Mi-s. Eula Davis. Bloomington. Ind.
McClellan, John H.. Gary, Tnd.
McCulloch, T. S., Charlestown.
Mance, Grover ( '.. Bk>omington, Ind.
Markle, M. S., Itichmond.

Middletown, A. R., West liafayette.

Professor of Chemistry, I'urdue University.

Chemistry.
Miller, Fred A., .j,34 E. Twenty-ninth St., Indianapolis.

Botanist for Eli Lilly Co.

Botany, I'lant Breeding.

Montgomery, Plugh T.. South Bend.

Physician.

Geology.
Moore, George T.. St. Louis, Mo.

Din'ctor, Missouri Botanical Gai'den.

Botany.
Morrison, lOdwiu, 80 S. W. Se\entli St., Richmond.

Professor of Physics. Earlhani ( 'oUciro.

Physics and Chemistry.

29

Morrison, Harold. liuliaii.aiiolis, liid.

Mowrer. Frank Karlsten, Interlaken, New Y(irU.

Cooperative work with Cornell University.

Biology, Plant Breedine,.

Muncie, F. W.

Myers, B. D., .321 N. Washington St., Blooniington.
Professor of Anatomy, Indiana Fniversity.

Nieuwlaud, J. A.. The University, Notre Dame, Ind.

Professor, Botany, Editor Midland Naturalist.

Systematic Botany, Plant Histology, Organic Chemistry.

North, Cecil C, Greeiicastle.

Northnagel, Mildred, Gary, Ind.

O'Neal, Claude E., Blooniington.

Graduate Student, Botany, Indiana University.
Botany.

Orton, Clayton R., State College, Pontis.vlvania.

Assistant Professor of Botany, Pennsylvania State College.

Phytopathology, Botany. Mycologj', Bacteriology.
Osner, G. A., Ithaca, New York.

Care Agricultural College.

Owen, D. A., 200 South State St., Franklin.
Professor of Biology. (Retired.)
Biology.

Owens, Charles E., Corvallis, Oregon.

Instructor in Botany, Oregon Agricultural College.
Botany.

Payne, Dr. F., Blooniington, Ind.

Petry, Edward Jacob, 267 Wood St., West Lafayette.

Instructor in Agriculture.

Botany, Plant Breeding. I'lant Pathology, Bio-Chemistry.
Phillips, Cyrus G., Moores Hill.
Pickett, Fermen L., Blooniington.

Botany Critic, Indiana T'niversity Training School.

Botany, Forestry, Agriculture.

30

Pipal, F. J., 11 S. Salisl)iirv St.. West r-afayetlc.
Price, James A.. Fort Wayne.

Ramsey, Earl E.. Bloomiiigton.
Principal High School.

Shriver, Dr. Will, Incliaiiapoli.^, Incl.

Director. State Laboratory of Hygiene.

Shockel, Barnard, Profes.sor. Terre Haute. In<l.

Schultze, E. A., Laurel.
Fruit Grower.
Bacteriology, Fungi.

Silvey, Oscar W., 4.37 Vine St., West Lafayette.
Instructoi' in I'hysics.
Physics.

Smith, Chas. Piper, College Park :Md.

Associate Professor, Botany, Maryland Agricultural College.
Botany.

Smith, Essie Alma, R. F. D. (1. Bloom ingtcM).

Smith, E. R., Indianapolis.
Horticulturist.

Snodgrass. Robert. < "rawt'ordsvillo. Ind.

Spitzer, George, l^afayette.

Dairy Chenjist, Purdue rniversity.
Chemistry.

Steele, B. Ti.. Pullman. \Vashiny:ton.

Associate Pi-ofessor of Pliysb s. State College. Washington.

Steinley. Ijconard, Blooniingtuii. Ind.

Stoltz. Charles, ;>!() X. La layette St.. South P.end.
Physician.

Stoddard. .1. M.

Stuart, M. H.. :V2'2:', X. New .Ters(>y St.. Indianaolis.
I'rinijpal, M:inual Tfaining lligli Srliool.
Physical .-ind P.iohigicnl Siience.

81

Sturmer, J. W., Hit E. INladisou Ave., ('olliugswood, N. J.

Dean, Department of riiarmacy, Meclico-Chirurgical College of Pbila-

clelpia.
Chemistry, Botany.

Taj'lor, Joseph C, Logansport.
Wholesale merchant.

Thompson. Albert W.. Owensville.
Merchant.
Geology.

Thompson, Clem (>., Salem.

Principal High School.
Thornburn, A. D., Indianapolis.

Care Pitman-Moore Co.

Chemistry.
Trneblood. Iro C. (Miss), 20.5 Sjiring Ave., '.xreencastle.

Teacher of Botany. Zoology, High School.

Botany, Zoology, Pl\ysiogfai)hy, Agriculture.

Tucker, W. M., 841 Tiiird St.. Chico, California.

Prificipal High School.

Geology.
Turner, William P., Lafayette.

Professor of Practical Mechanics. Purdue TJniAersity.
Vallance, Chas. A., Indianapolis.

Instructor. Manual Training ITigh School.

Chemistry.
Voorhees, Herbert S., 2814 lloagland Ave., Fort Wayne.

Instructor in f'hemlstry and Botany, Fort Waj'ne High School.

Chemistry and Botany.
Wade, Frank Bertratsi, lOSl) ^V. Twenty-seventh St., Indianapolis.

Head of Chemistry Department, Shortridge High School.

Chemistry. Physics. Geology and INIiueralogy.
Walters, Arthur L., Indianapolis.
Warren, Don Cameron, Bloomington, Ind.
Waterman, Luther D., Indianapolis.

Physician.

32

Webster, L. B.. Terie Haute, Ind.
Weatherwax, Paul, Bloomington, Ind.

Weeras, M. L., 102 Garfield Ave., Valparaiso.

Professor of Botany.

Botany and Human Physiology.
Weir, Daniel T., Indianapolis.

Supervising Principal, care School office.

School Work.
Weyant, James E., Indianapolis.

Teacher of Physics, Shortridge High School.

Physics.
Wheeler, Virges, Montmorenci.
Wiancko, Alfred T., Lafayette.

Chief in Soils and Cro]is, Purdue I'niversity.

Agronomy.
Williams, Kenneth P.. Bloomington.

Instructor in Mathematics, Indiana University.

Mathematics, Astronomy.
Williamson, E. B., Bluffton.

Cashier, The Wells County Bank.

Dragonflies.
Wilson, Charles E., Bloomington.

Graduate Student. Zof)logy. Indi.-uia University.

Zoology.

Wood, Harry W., 84 North Ritter Ave., Indianapolis.

Teacher, Maiuial Training High School.
Woodburn, Wm. I.., 902 Asbury Ave., Evanston, 111.

Instructor in Botany, Xorthwestern Uni\ersity.

Botany and Bacteriology.
Woodhams. .Tohn II., care lioughtoii Miltliii Co., Cliicago, 111.

Traveling Salesman.

Mathematics.
Wootery, Ruth, Bloomington, Ind.
Yocum, H. B.. Crawfordsville.

3.3

Young, Gilbert A.. 725 Hisjlilanrt A\e.. Lafayette.

Plead of DepaT'tniejit of Mecliaiiical Engineering. Purdue University.

Zehring, William Arthur. 303 Ifu.xsell St.. West Lafayette.
Assistant Professor of Matlicuiatics. Purdue ruiver.sity.
Mathematics.

Zeleny, Charles, University of Illinois. Urbana. HI.

Associate Professor of /oology-.

Zoology.
Zufall, C. J., Indianapolis, Ind.

Fellows TO

Members, Active 162

Members, Non-resident 27

Total 2ii9

3—1019

34

INDIANA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE

TN JOINT SESSION WITH THE

INDIANA CONSERVATION ASSOCIATION

Whereas, We have learned of tlie death of Mrs. Fairbanks, the wife
of Hon. Charles W. Fairbanks, who was to have participated in this
nieetinti, and tlic value of wlm^^e service in the cause of Conservation is well
known : Therefore l)e it

Rcf'olrcd. That we hereliy express our syuijiatliy with hiui and his
family in this time of bereavement, and our regret at his unav()idal)!0
absence from our nieetinj^s. and direct that a copy of this resolution be sent
to him. and that it be spread upon the minutes of the respective orpiinza-
tious.

A. W. BL TLFK, 1

l'\)V tlic Indian:! A<;idcm\' (if Scii'uce.

SEVERANCE IURR.V(iE.

For the Indiana Conservation Association.

35

jMinutesIof Spring Meeting.

CRAWFORDSVILLE, INDIANA,
MAY 15, 16 AND IT. 1913.

The 1913 spring nieetiiiij: of the Academj^ was held at Crawfordsvilie
nnd the Shades May 15 to 17.

The seieutific program < oiisisted of a leetnre Thursday, May 15, 8 p. ni..
by Professor G. Frederick Wright, of Oberlin, on "Thirty Years' Progress
in Glacial Geology." The lecture was an attractive and instructive presen-
tation of an interesting subject and was much enjoyed by those present.

Friday, May 1, was taken up witli an excursion to the Shades of Deatu.
This was of especial interest to geologists, botanists, and zoologists, but the
natural grandeur of the place and the outing were appreciated by all. At
noon the local committee ser\ed lunch at the Shades Hotel without cost
to the meujbers. Following the lunch .a short business session was held,
about forty members being present. The following were elected to mem-
bership : Charles H. Baldwin, Indianapolis ; Francis Daniels and H. F.
Ashby, Crawfordsvilie, and E. L. Marcrum, Waveland. There was some
discussion of the matter of the Donaldson P'arm. which was to have been
left to the State as a park but which has been in uncertain control on
account of legal complications. It was moved that "It is the sense of this
Academy that the Donaldson Farm should become the property of Indiana
University, that the Academy use its influence to that end, and that the
President of the Academy and Dr. C. H. Eigenmann constitute a committee
to prepare a suitable memoral to present to the proper authorities." This
was carried unanimously. It was moved that the thanks of the Academy
be extended to Professor Wright for liis lecture. Carried by a rising vote.
President Bodine presided.

Friday evening after returning to Crawfordsvilie a very enjoyable
dinner was ser\ed at the C:rawford I Louse, at 8:30, by the Academy with-
out cost to the members. The dinner was followed by informal talks, Mr.

36

Aiiiojs Butler nctiiij; as toastiiiaster and responses liein^' made by Messrs.
Cogshall, Bodine, Macbeth. Kern, Culbertson. liarrett. Ejiders, J. S. Wrigbt.
Stoltz, Morrison and Eigenaiann. N arions items of interest relating to the
trip to the Slu-.des were brought out b.v the speakers.

Saturda\' morning. May 17, \\as talven up Iiy field trips along Koek
River (Sugar Creek) to the erinoid beds and other places of interest.
Many members also took adA-nntage of the opportunity to visit tlie Gea.
lew Wallace place.

Frank D. Kern,

Secretary, pro to in.

37

Minutes of the Twenty Ninth Annual Meeting
INDIANA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE,

Claypool Hotel, Indianapolis, Indiana.
OcTOHER 2J. 101:;.

The Executive t'oiiiiuittee ot' the [luliiina Acudeiiiy of Science met in
Parlor T and \\a.s called to order by tlie President. Donaldson Bodine ot
Crawfordsville. The following members were present: Donaldson Bodine.
A. W. Butler, Severance Burrage. W. A. (Jogshall, W. S. Blatchley, J. \V.
Beede, D. ,M. Mottier, G. Cnlbertson. C. It. Dryer, C. ('. Deam. R. W. Mc-
Bride. ( '. H. Eigenmann and A. .1. Biirne.v.

The nunutos of the Executive ('ommittee of IDlli were read and ap-
riroved.

The I'eports of the standing committees were then taken up. The pro-
gram ccmnnittee. J. W. Beede. chairman, reported the work comjileted as
indicated by the printed i)rograiu. with several additi<mal papers.

The Tretisurer. W. 7. Moenkhaus, having gone abroad, left his work
in charge of A. <i. Pohlman. but he, not being able to be present, delegated
bis power to W. A. Cogshall. wlio reiiorted as follows:

Balance from 1012 $273.38

Dues . 148. UO

Total $421.38

Expenditures 166. 60

Balance $254.78

On motion W. A. Goggshall was appointed Treasurer pro tern.

The following auditing committee was appointed : Severance Bur-
rage, C. K. Dryer, J. W. Beede.

The Editor, C. C. Deam. reported that the work had been completed
and the copy was in the hands of the printer.

38

The uomiuatini. eciumittee was apyuiuted as f-.U.nvs: A. W. Kutler,
W A. Cogshall, (t. ("nlbertson.

The Pi-eshleut stated he had received a letter from an Austrian
scientist applying for a certain correspondence position in the Academy.
8ince such a position does not exist in our A.-adc.ny the Secretary was
directed to reply to that effect.

A letter was read from I>r. Stult/, of South IJend. inviting the Acad-
emy to hold its spring meeting in that city. It was referred to the pro-

gram committee. .

rresident Bodine suggested that the standing committees he appointed
„v the huoming president. After son>e discussion a motion was made aud
carried that the incoming president appoint his committees except those
necessary for .arrying 0,1 the business of the Academy, such as auditing.

nominating, etc en. <-^

Jud-e Mcliride, of the conunittee on relations of Academy to the State,
reporte.rthat they had succeeded in keeping the appropriation at $1,200.

On motion Mr. Butler was appointed to act with a committee from
the Conservation Association to draft suitable resolutions on the death ot
Mrs. Fairbanks, a copy to be sent to Hon. C. W. Fairbanks and a copy
spread on the minutes.

On n.otion the Secretary was ordered to purchase a new secretary

l)ook and to nave the old one bomid.

On motion the Secretary and .V. W. lU.tler were appointed to ask tl.e
State I^ibrarian for peru.ission to deposit tbe records of the Academy m
his safe for security.

Adjournment.

A. J. BuiNi^Y, Secretary.

Donaldson Bodine, President.

Palm Room. (M.aypool Hotel.
October 24. l!>i:i
Tl.e Indiana Academy of Scien<v met in general session at 1 ::U> p. nu
and was .ailed to onler by the IMesid.M.t. D.maldson Bodine.

Business items were lirst taken up. ... W- l'..vde. of the Progran, ( onv
niittee, reported work completed as printt-d.

Severance Bnrrage of the Auditing' (-on.ndttee re,.orted the hooks o

the Treasurer correct.

Indiana state normal sc hooL

BEPARTMENT of GEOGRAPHY W GEOLOGY

TOPOGRAPHIC MAPofTERRE HAUTE

39

The Editor. C. C. Deam. made a complete report of liis work, and
stated that the copy was in the hands of the state printer.

E. R. Cumings. of the Membership Committee, reported the follow-
ing names for membership : Dr. Will Shimer, State House, Indianapolis ;
Elton Russell Clarke. Indianapolis ; Harold Morrison, Indianapolis ;
Robert Snodgrass, Crawfordsville ; Leonard Steimley, Bloomington ; Dr.
F. Payne, Bloomington ; Rutli Wootery. Bloomington ; Cora Hennel, Bloom-
ington; Edith A. Hennel. Bloomington; C. .J. Zufall, Indianapolis; Arthur
L. Walters, Indianapolis ; Mason E. Hufford. Bloomington ; Henry DuBois,
Bloomington ; Hugh E. Browii. Bloomington : Mary Easley. Bloomington ;
John H. Mc(/lellan, Gary: K. B. Harvey. Indianapolis; L. B. Webster,
Terre Haute; Don »"ameron Warren, Rloomington ; Paul Weatherwav.
Bloomington; Prof. Bernaj'd Sliockel. Terre Haute: (Jrover C. Mance.
Bloomington: Mrs. Eula Davis McEwan. Bloomington: Robert G. Gilluin,
Terre Haute: Mildred Northnagel. Gary: William Ray Allen. Bloomington.

On motion the persons named were elected members.

The Treasurer pro teiii , 'W. A. Cogshall. reported as follows.

Balance from I'.Hi; ..$273.38

Dues 148. 00

Total 421 ..38

Expenditure.^ 1 G(I . (iO

Balance .$2.j4.78

Dr. C. H. Eigenniniin made a brief report of the expedition of Messrs.
Henu and Wilson to Coiomlda that went out under his direction.

Dr. H. .J. Banker reported that he had collected 2<)8 pages of data on
the scientific literature in the libraries in the State. Many difficulties had
been encountered but progress had been made. He stated that be had
incurred an expense of .$18.75 in this work.

On motion the Academy ordered the Treasurer to pay this bill and
extend to Dr. Banker the thanks of the Academy for his efficient work.
The committee was continued.

On motion the papers of the Conservation Association were ordered pul)-
lished in the Proceedings of the Academy.

The regular program was then taken up, beginning with President
Bodine'-s address.

40

PROGRAM.

Fripay Aftkrnoon. 1 :oO.

Presidential Address Donaldson Bodine

The Flood of March, 1013 :

At Terro Haute Charles R. Dryer

At P^ort Wayne L. C. Ward

On the Ohio River in Southeastern Indiana <Jlenn Culbertson

On East and West Forks of White River H. V. Bybeo

The Wabash River Flood of 1913 at Lafayette. Indiana R. L. Saclvett

Sectional Meetings.
Section A. IHolor/y.
The Selective Action of Gentian Violet in Bacteriological Analysis.

CM. Hilliard

-An Epidemic of Diarrhoea, Presumably Milk-bonie P. A. Tetrault

The Vertical Distribution of Plankton in Winona Lake. . . .Glenwood Henry
A Test of Indiana ^'arieties of Wheat Seed for Internal Fungous infec-
tion George N. Hotter

Pyropolyporus everhartii (E. & G.) Murrill. as a Woimd Parasite

George N. Hoffer

A Simple Ai>pai'atns for the Study of Phototropic Responses in Seed-
lings George N. Hoffer

Mosses of Monroe County, Indiana. II Mildred Nothnagel

Observations on the Aquatic Plant Life in White River Following the

Spring Flood of 1913 Paul Weatherwax

The Occurence of Aphanottiiic( m phi/coi-hitcs upon the Campus of Indiana

University Paul Weatherwax

Inheritance Length of I^ife in Drosophiln anixihiphila Roscoe R. Hyde

Oral Respiration in Aniphiama and Vnjptohrancluiti II. J. Bruner

Respiration and Smell in Amphibians H. L. Bruner

General Outline of Trip of 1913 for tlie Purpose ol Collecting the Fish
Fauna of Colombia. S. A Charles E. Wilson

Section li. MisccUancous.

A Topographic Map of the Terre Haute Area Charles K. Dryer

Center of Area and Center of Population of Indiana W. A. Cogshall

On the Shrinkage of Photographic I'aper R. R. Ramsey

Acyl Derivatives of 0-Aininophenol J. II. Ransom

41

Boiling and Condoisini? Points of Alcohol- Wtitor Mixtures P. N. Evans

Additional Notes on an Almost Extinct Native Disease. Trembles

Robert Hessler

Race Suicide Robert Hessler

A Psychologist's Investigation in the Field of Crime Among Adolescents

R. B. von KleinSmid

Agricultural Work in Southern Indiana C. C. Phillii)s

Some Remarkable Wells in Bean Blossom Valley. Monroe County

J. W. Beede

On the General Solution and .so-called Special Solutions of Linear, Non-
homogeneous, Partial Differential Equations H. L. Steimley

A Modified Permeameter Edwin Morrison and B. D. Morris

Friday Evening, 6.
Members of the Academy and Conservation Association so inclined will
have dinner together at tables in the Claypool Hotel.

Friday Evening, 7:45.
Business session of the Academy of Science.
Election of Officers, etc.

PBOGBAM.

The germination of Arisaema ilracoatinus. Lantern F. L. Pickett

The Prothallium of Caniptosorus rhizoi-hiiUus. Lantern F. L. Pickett

Irish Potato Scab as Affected by Fertilizers Containing Sulphates and

Chlorides. Lantern S. D. Conner

Newly Discovered Phenomena Connected with the Electric Discharge in

Air. Lantern ; A. L. Foley

JOINT CONFERENCE ON CONSERVATION.

Satubday, 8 :30 to 12 :30.
Water Conservation.

\ Sanitary Survey of Indiana Rivers Jay Cravens, C. E.

The relations of the Lakes of Northern Indiana to Problems of Flood

Control Will Scott

(The papers on flood damage and control are listed under the regiilar
program of the Indiana Academj of Science.)

42

Forest Conservation.

First Steps in Indiana P'orestry Stanley Coulter

Taxation of Forest Lands II. W. Anderson

Forests and Floods F. .M. Andrews

Conserratio)! of Human Life.

County Tuber(-ulosis llosjiital as a Factor in the Conservation of Human
Life James Y. \Yelborn

Playgrounds and Recreation Centers as Factors in the Conservation of
Human Life W. A. Gekler

Public Toilet Facilities, Drinking Fountains and Public Spitting in Re-
lation to the Conservation of Human Life. C. M. Hilliard

Mineral Resources.
Possible Dangers from Drilling for Oil and Uas in Coal Measures

Edward Barrett

Power Economy and the Utilization of Waste in the Quarry Industry. .

( J. C. Mance

In the evening session the Membership Committee reported the follow-
ing persons for election as Fellows of the Academy : George N. lloffer.
West Lafayette; C. M. Hilliard, Lafayette; M. E. Haggerty, Bloomington.

The Conmiittee on Nominations rei)orted the following for otiicers for
the ensuing year :

President — Severance Hurrage, I ndianapolis.
Vice-President — A. L. Foley, Bloomington.
Secretary — A. J. Bigney, Moores Hill.
Assistant Secretary — H. E. Enders, Lafayette.
Press Secretary — F. B. Wade. Indianaiiolis.
Treasurer— W. A. Cogshall, I'.looniington.
Editor — H. E. Barnard, Indianapolis.

On motion they wci-c elected as reiiorted.
The program was then completed.

Adjournment.

A. J. P.iGNKV, Secretary.
Donaldson Boimnk, l'resi»l(>iit.

48

President's Address: The Work of the Indiana
Academy of Science

Donaldson Bodine.

Not the least among the agencies that make for the betterment of a
state are such organizations as the Indiana Conservation Association and
the Indiana Academy of Science. Their officers and members receive no
salary, they attend the meetings at their own expense and there formally
and informally discuss together problems which have to do with the devel-
opment of the commonwealth. Doubtless the greatest immediate gain
comes to the individual who talces advantage of the opportunity for fellow-
ship and the mutual interchange of thought and opinion, but through the
individual the state also reaps its reward. It is as true in science as in
morals that the level of the state is determined by the level of the individ-
uals who compose the larger body. The primitive law of life is competition
■ — a competitive struggle for existence and advancement. The work of Dar-
win, and more especially that of his followers, has given sufficient empha-
sis to the importance and universal application of this law ; but even in the
lower realms of life, we find the beginnings of a iiigher law, cooperation —
a mutual aid in the struggle. Kessler, Kropotkin, and others have shown
the equal if not greater importance of this later principle and have called
attention to the fact that in all groups of animals those who have developed
this mutual aid in the largest degree have shown the greatest progress.
In social evolution also the greatest advances have come since competition
has given way to, or at least has been modified by, cooperation, and the
greatest teacher the world has known founded Jiis plan for the salvation
of the individual and the race upon the principle of nmtual service. This
mutual service should be the watchword of the members of the Academy.

The constitution of the Academy provides that the President shall
deliver an address on the morning of one of the days of the meeting at
the expiration of his term of office, and in obedience to tliat provision and
in conformity with the idea of true conservation, which means the best.

44

most intelligent and therefore tlie most efficient use of resources, I beg
to bring to your attention some questions wliich I believe to be of vital
importance to tlie Academy and to its greatest efficiency as a state organ-
ization. This is an age of organization, and associations of various sorts
are rapidly mviltiplying. Everyone must feel the burden of the demands
of societies, local, state and national, upon his time, attention and means ;
and! to secure and maintain the lo.valt.v and devotion of its members, any
society must prove its value in substantial returns. It has been my privi-
lege to belong to the Academy since my advent into Hoosierdom, and
nearly two decades of membership ha\ e given me a high appreciation of
its value. I offer no excuse, therefore, f(u- bringing to your attention some
features of the \v(»rk of the Academy and in asking your consideration of
some suggestions which may be of service in making it of still greater use
fulness to its members.

Societies, like individuals, mu.st be undergoing a continuous develop-
ment, unless indeed they are moribund. They must he adapted to the needs
and demands of the times and from time tf> time read.iustments are im
perative if a vigorous life is to be maintained. Not too infrequently, then,
sliould we pause to take stock of our present condition and consider ways
and means by which greater effecti\ eness can be secured. A few years ago
one of our distinguished past in-esidents, Dr. Jordan, said that the fight
for the recognition of science in the educational held and In the world at
large was a potent factor in binding together the members of the Academy
in a common cause. Times have changed. No longer is it necessary for
the man of science to assert his rights. The theoretic chemistry of yester-
day is at the foundation of modern industry ; the "plaything" of tlie physi-
cist of yesterday, today lights the world and i)uts distant peoples into in-
stant communication ; the marvels of the biologist's microscope and culture
tubes have become the dependence of the modern world for the mainte-
nance of its life and health, and the i)ublic has become well-nigh too cred-
ulous of the powers of science. The old field of battle has been won, but
ihere are other and greater promised lands of usefulness which must be
entered and possessed, and the new conquests require new adjustments and
new weapons.

Section 2 of Article 1 *>f tlie constitution sets forth the purposes of
the AcadiMiiy as follows: •Tlic objects of this Academy shall be scientitic
research and the diffusion of knowledge concerning the various depart-
ments of science, to promote intercourse bet\\oon men engaged in scientifit-

45

work, especially in liuliaiia; to assist by investigation iind dist-ussion in
developing and making known the material, etincational and other resources
and riches of the State ; to arrange and prepare for publication such reports
of investigations and discussions as may further the aims and objects of
the Academy as set forth in these articles."

The first provision for the encouragement of research and the diffusion
of knowledge concerning the various departments of science is an impor-
tant one. Examination of tlie printed volumes of the Proceedings will dis-
close a long list of original contributions and reports of investigations of
the natural resources of our state and of the development of various
phases of scientific progress. The record is one of which we may well be
proud. Many of the papers have been an, inspiration to those who heard
their presentation, and they remain an invaluable, permanent record of
current problems or of conditions long since passed away. Still it is
worth wliile to raise the question whether it may not be possible to increase
the value and interest of the papers presented at our regular meetings by
making them part of well considered and carefully prepared programs.

In connection with this problem there appears a serious defect in the
practice whicli obtains in the organization of the committees upon which
the Academy must depend for the direction of its woi'k. The constitution
provides that "The President shall at each annual meeting appoint two
members to be a committee which shall prepare the programs and have
charge of the arrangements for the meetings for one year."' Current prac-
tice so interprets this provision that the retiring pi'esident chooses this and
other committees which mu.st work with the newly elected officers. This
I consider a seriously unfortunate usage. Under such conditions there U
no reason to anticipate the same sense of common interest and responsi-
bility for the worlv t>l' officers and committees as would obtain if the act-
ing president had the appointment of his own coinn)ittees. As an illus-
tration I may cite the fact that one year within the writer's knowledge
the chairman of the program committee, which so far as the immediate
interests of the Academy are concerned is the most important committee,
was not even informed of his appointment till so late as to make arrange-
ments for the sprint meeting altogether imiiracticable. liad the acting
president selected his own committees there certainly would have been
a closer cooperation and a fuller sense of responsibility and therefore more
efficient service. Tliis statement is made not in adverse criticism of eithei"
officers or committees, but of the unwise practice of the Academy. Com-

46

inittees are the oriraiis ol" n .society, aii<l without their ethcieut action even
an enthusiastic membership can avail but little. In the interest of a closer
cooperation and better service I would commend to the Academy a change
in its practice to the end that the incoming president may choose and
appoint the committees with which lie is to work and for whose action he
is in large measure responsible.

May I also add a word here to emphasize the fact that it is a mat-
ter of vital importance to tlie Acadeiny that each committee should organ-
ize promptly and carry on its work with some energy. Except dur-
ing its regular meetings the Acaden>y is a discrete body and must there-
fore delegate the performance of its necessary work to special or standing
committees and must rely upon them for its jiroper and timely accomplish-
ment. In the case of the standing committees, some of the members are
carried over from year to year and are tb.erefore somewhat familiar with
the work they are expected to do. On the other liand the president is
elected for one year and comes to the office with no special knowledge of
the organization of tlie Academy or of the immediate duties of his office.
In addition to this, the membership beiuL' state-\^'i(le in its distribution.
there are few opportunities for personal conference in planning or carry-
ing on the work. It is practically necessary, then, for the chairmen to
take the initiative and to assume tlie responsibility to the president and
the Academy for the efficient pert'orniance of tlie \\-ork devolving u]ion their
several committees.

If the work of the connnittees be neglected or indifferently perrormod.
the Academy suffers and has little opportunity to repair the failure. For-
tunately, members are loyal and try to render excellent service. The chief
difficulty comes from a failure to realize the time-consuming nature of the
accomplishment of \\ork through correspondence and the delays incident
to widely separated residence of dilferent members of committees. Every
connnittee, therefore, should organize at once and make early prci'-'i'-ation
for their work.

The committee of most immediate HHpdit.MiKe fo the Academy is the
program committee and it is so fundamental that I may bo pardoned a com-
ment or two regarding its work. Pei'son.-illy I do not believe it is sufficient
that this connnittee simi)ly issue a call for coiilributions. Plans for a deli-
nite progr.uii should be umde ;it once, and by persenal invitation and cor-
respondence the cooperation of menibers should be secured in c.irrying it
out. This year's i)rogram affords an illustration oi' this jihin. and 1 be-

47

lieve will prove its value. A delinite idea should be develoiied as to tin;
principal feature of the program, and the participation of individual mem-
bers should be secured to treat of its various i)hascs lying within the range
of their several fields of work. This involves much labor, but the results
will justify the effort, and 1 am sure the connnittee will be willing to give
the necessary time and energy to the accomplishment of the plan. The
writer does not believe that tlie papers form the most important part of
the work of the Academy, but it goes without saying that a well-planned,
attractive program is of first importance in gaining attendance and inter-
est at the meetings, and without these all other ends A\ill suffer defeat.

One result of the specialization of today is the narrowing of the inter-
ests of workers to smaller and snialli-r limits within the fields of their
special activities. I quote in part from the address of Dr. .Tohn M. Coulter
to the Academy on the occasion of the celebration of its twenty-fifth anni-
versary. There is "a tendency ro become narrow in our vision and lose
our perspective of the whole field not only of science but also of education.
You will find that as scientific men become less and less interested in other
fields of work, as they grijid their own groo^•es deeper and deeper, they
become k^ss and less effective as teachers and less and less influential with
their students. You will find men with bi'oad outlook, clear and wide vis-
ion, men with sympathy — men can only get these things by coming in con-
tact with larger fields than their own — are the men who win with stu-
dents." So spoke one of Indiana's most effective teachers, and we must
all be quite in accord witli his opinion. Since we recognize this tendency.
1 would point out that a program which by its general interest and excel-
lence will provoke thought and discussion in other than innnediate indi-
vidual fields of activity would be of inestimable \alue in the work of the
Academy for its memliers. To this end may we not exi»ect and demand the
hearty cooperation of officers and committees and a ready and enthusiastic
support from the whole membership?

One other consideration in connection with the regular programs is
worth a passing mention. Modern ])hotography and improved projection
apparatus afford an important addition to the means of clear and inter-
esting presentation of results of work, and in connection with this visual
method I venture to suggest that more attention be given to the exhibition
of specimens, apparatus, or preparations. The greater part of our mem-
bers are teachers or are in some way closely identified with educational
work, and the display of aj^paratus or preiiarations that have proven help-

48

till ill actual use would be of great lu'actieal value. Such displays have
become cue of the most acceptable features of the meetings of the sec-
tions of the American Association iind of its affiliated societies and witli
our smaller and more intimate membership they might well prove of equal
or greater value. Reference is not made here to the elaborate display of
a single worker so much as to the exhibition of a number of less preten-
tious bits of apparatus or ingenious devices or illustrative specimens. For
example, one scarcely ever visits a laboratory for the first time withoiit
seeing some ingenious device that has been worked out to meet a real need.
Usually the same need is found elsewhere, and the display of the device at
such a meeting as ours would command an appreciative welcome and be
both suggestive and helpful.

The most important function of the Academy lies outside of tlie reg-
ular program, though in a large measure the latter conditions its success.
I refer to the social side of the meetings — the intercourse ol members ior
personal association and ins])iration. Tlie testimony of all older members
agrees uiion tins as the pleasantest and most profitable feature of the
Academy. During the imsiness or teaching year we are largely isolated
from each other. Sometimes a want of sympathy witli or even distrust ol
the work of others arises from a lack of personal acquaintance and a knowl-
edge of what they are doings. President Wilson has said that "Unless the
hearts of men ai-e bound together, the policies of men will fail ; because
the only thing that makes classes in a great nation is that they do mjt
understand that their interests are identical." Personal acquaintance will
do more than any other one thing to bring about a common good fellow-
ship and mutual apiireciation which will insure that the other obiects oC
the Academy will lioui-ish through stimulus to thought and work and wider
usefulness. The political boundaries of a state may not serve best as
limits to a scientific organization, but at least tbcy do serve to bind
together into a practical working unit for the purpose of actpiaintance,
friendship, and cordial relations the scientific workers of a limited geo-
graphical community. This alone is an all-sufiicient justification for tlie
existence of our stjite organization.

Man is a social being, and nothing elsi' is so potent in his develop-
ment as jiersonal coiifa<t with liis fellows. \\'agner has iii;ide much of
isolation as a factor in cxoliition. .loi-dan insists iiiton its necessity if
animals ;ire to maintain themsehcs .iiid (le\ci<i|i into a sp(>cies. 'I'liis

49

isolation, however, lis not that of tlie individual, but of a society. Isola-
tion of the individual kills ; of the society, vivifies. Segregation, with
its consequent freedom from intimate contact with distracting forces and
especially with its consequent interaction of varying kinds and degrees
of like tendencies and interests, is of paramount Importance in the
development of the individual. This kind of segregation is just what
our organization can and should accomplish. As members we are each
interested in some particular field of work and too many of us find it
difficult to keep in touch with the broad fields of which ours is but a
part. No other agency can do so much to help us here as the personal
contact which our meetings make possible. During the last two decades
the pendulum has .swung too far in the direction of intense specialization
to the exclusion of the broader training, and already clearer minds are
calling us back to the fact that science is one great field, and that to
succeed in any part, one must have a l)road view and a fail' knowledge
of the whole. The distinguished president of the British Association
laid emphasis upon this in his address upon "Continuity" at the Bir-
mingham meeting last month. President Van Hise says that for the
training of a geologist there must be intimate knowledge of at least two
ba.sal sciences with a broad knowledge in other fields. "No man," says
he, "may hope for the highest success who does not continue special stud-
ies and broadening studies to the end of his career. Besides the broad
training in language which is essential in every field, there must be
an intensive training in chemistry, physics, mineralogy, and l)iology."
In other words the study of geology alone cannot make a competent
geologist. Professor Bes.sey. whose word always commands the thoughtful
attention of all teachers and students in America, contends tliat the
fundamental training of a botanist may well be limited in the .special
botanical Held to three years of xmiversity work, so that time and energy
may be spared to the ac(iuisition of the broader foundation necessary
tor subsequent specialization. With such a wide training the student is
able to take up his special work with an intelligence and understanding
that is impossible to one trained in a narrower fashion. In his presiden-
tial address to the Academy three years ago Dr. Evans said : "lie is a
poor chemist, who is only a chemist." Further testimony from experts
in the scientific and educational fields could be cited, but I believe we all
agree as to the value of hmad training and the maintenance of ln'oad inter-

4—1019

50

ests along with any degree of specialization tliat may be attained. In
\iew of this belief may I repeat that the personal interchange of ideas
and the comradeship that our meetings afford can do much to nourish and
keep alive this wider interest in different fields that all too readily be-
comes deadened by the isolation of the individual in his own work. In
this service the Academy has a peculiar advantage over associations organ-
ized to promote some particular purpose. Its interests are broad, its
members are recruited from widely varying fields, and yet all are bound
together by their common interest in scientific work. In this respect no
other organization has quite so much to offer to its members. The work-
ing out of the problem involves grave ditticulties, but I believe there should
be some way of putting larger emphasis upon the social side of the meet-
ings. If possible the program committee should make some provision
for greater opportunity for social intercourse. Short recesses in the regu-
lar sessions might be of service. The examination and discussion of
exhibits such as previously suggested would be admirable for the purpose
and would be not less effective than more elaborately planned occasions
which are likely to become more or less formal and thus miss their real
object. A greater cordiality on tlie part of the older members toward
the younger, especially those who have recently joined the ranks of the
Academy, would count for much. We should be of oue large family and
not stand too much upon formality.

In this connection let me remark that the Academy is not living up
to its privileges. It should have a much larger membership. Indiana has
many scientists engaged in industrial work. I'ure and applied science, if
we may use as still tenable that distinction of Huxley's, go hand in hand
and we should do well if we could enlist in the service of the Academy
man.\ of the workers in the fields of the practical application of science.
There should be some systematic effort by the membership committee to
seek out these men and to show them the advantages of a connection with
the Academy. In this work the committee must have the hearty coopera-
tion of every member. It should be possible to enlist in our service the
memiiers of the various state departments of science who are doing valiant
service in promoting the welfare of the pe<)i>l<' through work in agriculture,
entomology, forestry, geology, health, hygiene, and saiiilation. Tlicy would
greatly help the Academy and in turn would un(iuesti()ii;ii>ly lie well repaid
by the advantages of membei-sliiii.

In connectidu wilii tbe sncial side of tbe work of flie Academy, one

51

other feature needs special meution. Conversation with the various mem-
bers has shown that too little is known of the regular spring meetings.
Comparatively few attend, but of those who do it is the common testimony
that they are both most enjoyable and profitable. May I urge their claim
upon your attendance? They are held in a different place each year and
are in the nature of field excursions. This plan offers two great advan-
tages. It gives occasion for members to visit different parts of the state
and in association with others, some of whom are familiar with the terri-
tory, to become acquainted with the characteristic features of the locality.
Through a series of years opportunity is given to acquire a personal knowl-
edge of the more interesting and representative parts of the state which
one scarcely would or could attain by individual travel or excursions.
Field trips of this sort also afford the very best opportunities for gaining
mutual acquaintance and for interchange of ideas and discussion. As one
who has rarely missed a spring meeting and then only with regret and liy
reason of necessity, let me urge upon all the pleasure and advantages of
attendance. That many other demands upon time and attention, especially
at that time of the year, are pressing is recognized, but the value of such
meetings will well repay the sacrifice of trouble and expense, and it is
I hoped that many who have not as yet attended these excursions into
the field will in the near future find it possible to take part in them. I
have endeavored to outline some ways in which immediate work may be
done in the interests of enlarging the usefulness of the Academy. I am
convinced that such work should be undertaken and have therefore turned
from a more attractive theme as the subject of my address because it
seemed to me a proper time and occasion to call attention to the necessity
of some changes if we are to maintain and increase our membership and

J to serve it efficiently and well. With opportunity comes responsibility ;
and responsibility well discharged, brings yet larger opportunity. With
an increased and united membership we could take an important part in

j the educational work of our state which, on its scientific side, needs direc-

I tion and encouragement.

In closing allow me to propose one definite undertaking which I believe

I the Academy should give careful consideration. The end to be gained wo
would all welcome, and the effort toward its attainment would in itself
be of value and incidentally bring other happy results. It seems to me
that the Academy of Science is the proper body to urge a movement toward
the establishment as part of our educational system of an adequate organi-

52

zation of a state museum for the collection, exhibition and preservation of
our fauna and flora, our geological and archreological history, and our nat-
ural resources. Such a museum would become the center of the scientific
work of the state and the depository of the materials brought together by
the state surveys. 1 do not mean to advocate a museum in the old sense
of the word, to be a mere custodian of rare or curious specimens and rec-
ords, but an organized department which shall exhibit our natural
resources and point out the possibilities of their development in the inter-
ests of the people. Such a museum would fill a large place in the educa-
tional system of the state.

The rise of the museum in the city, state, and nation is the latest
phase in the educational evolution of our day. It is only necessary to
point to the work of such institutions as The National Museum at Wash-
ington, The New York State Museum at Albany. The Museum of Natural
History at New York, The Carnegie Museum at Pittsburgh, and The Field
Museum at Chicago, to prove its value in modern life. Its method of
teaching is direct and impressive and it is the only method that is able to
reach many of the people of a community. "The truest measure of civili-
zation and of intelligence in the government of a state." I quote from an
address of Professor Henry Fairfield Osborn, "is the support of its insti-
tutions of science, for the science of our time in its truest sense is not the
()piiii(in uv ])re.iudkes. the strength or weakness of its votaries; it is the
sum of our knowledge of nature with its infinite applications to state wel-
fare, to state pi'ogress. and to the distribution of human happiness." In
the development of this side of our educational system Indiana — we must
admit it with regret — is far behind other and neighl)oring states. New
York State is the leader and has evolved an ideal organization. Peginning
in 1836 with the establishment of an ofiicial Natural History Siu'vey, she
has made successive and progressive changes until in 1S!)4 a i-onsolidation
under the State Department of Education placed the museum at the head
of all the scientific interests of the state. It directs all surveys, archeo-
logicai, l>otanical, entomological, geological. ])aleontological. topographical, j
and zoological, and with the consolidation has come a great gain. It has suc-
ceeded not only in building up ;i nuiscuni wortliy of a great state, but it
has also taken a idace in tiic educational work which no other organization
could fill eiiually well. Py means of instructive exhibits it has liecome a
great teaching force, and tlirougli its traveling collection.^ and the furnish-
ing of m;iti'ri;ils and siK-cimens to schools and societies it has widened its

53

sphere of usefulnes.s till it reaelies every jiart of the state and has the sym-
pathy and active support of a wide constituency.

Our own state in 1869 organized a Department of Geology and Nat-
lu'al History and much good work has been accomplished. The energies
of the department have been largely confined to investigations in the
geological field, however, and its oflicial title has been changed to The
Department of Geology and Natural Resources. Little has been done in
other fields and practically nothing in an educational way to gain the inter-
est and support of the people of the state as a whole. It has been unable,
therefore, to obtain adequate financial support from the state or to enlist
the cooperation of other departments and organizations which should assist
in building up an institution of which we might be proud and which would
take a large place in the educational system of the state. Indiana now has
a number of state departments or boards for the control or prosecution of
work in various fields of pure or applied science, l»ut for the most part
they are independent in organization and work and there is lacking that
cooperation and solidarity we should expect and without which the highest
efifectiveness cannot be attained. Let me say again that this statement of
fact is not made in the spirit of criticism of the officers or persojinel of any
department; the purpose is siniply to i all attention to the situation as it
exists and to point out the desirability of a change In the organization to
bring about a condition more fitting to present conditions and therefore
more advantageous to all departments and to their work for the state. I
believe It would be wise and proper for the Academy, to'j;ether with the
different scientific departments and boards of the state, to consider some
plan for the consolidation of the scientific agencies of the state which
would render their W(n-k more effective and more extensive and thus gain
the s.vmpathy of the people and the necessary increased financial and other
material support from the leglslatvire. What Is everybody's business Is
nobody's Ijuslness, Init some liody or some organization should make It Its
business at least to consider some method of encouraging and forwarding
the organized scientific activities of the stae, and by reason of Its character
and standing the Academy of ^>cience might well lead the way. For such
action the third purpose of the organization as laid down in the constitu-
tion provides altundant warrant, and it Is the l)ellef of the speaker that
through such action the Academy would render large and lasting service
\ to the state.

55

Wabash Studies. IV: The Flood of March, 1913,
AT Terre Haute.

Charles R. Dryer.

The natural channel of the Wabash at Terre Haute is 700 feet wide
and 1.5 feet deep, low water standing at 446 feet A. T. The flood plain
which becomes a channel at high water is 460 feet A. T. and from 9,000 to
13,000 feet wide. Tlic bluff on the west ri.ses to about 5.50 feet nnd th(>
terrace on the east to 4!)0 feet. xVn island terrace, a mile loni,^ and a
quarter of a mile wide, rising to 4S0 feet, stands in the flood i»lain near
the west side.

The city of Terre Haute occupies the terrace along the east bank of
the Waltash, 45 to 65 feet above low v/ater and 30 to 50 feet above the
flood plain. West Terre Haute (population 6,000) stands on the island
terrace 10 to 20 feet above the flood plain. Taylorville, a slum district
(population 600), is built ou the flood plain at the west bank of the river.
Toadhop (population 200) is a workmen's village in the flood plain where
Sugar Creek breaks through the west bluff.

The grade of the Big Four Railroad, fifteen feet high, crosses the flood
plain diagonally to the northwest, but has an opening midway 2(i0 or 300
feet wide, crossed by a trestle. The grade of the Vandalia Railroad, of
equal height, crosses the plain at right angles without a break except an
underpass about fifteen feet wide for the Paris interurban line near the
west end. The Wabash avenue grade to West Terre Haute parallels the
Vandalia and forms a complete dam, paved with brick. Each of these
roads crosses the river by a steel bridge about 700 feet long resting on
four or five piers.

Ou ;\Tarch 24, 1913, the river gauge stood at 17 feet and the water was
out of the channel, flooding Taylorville. On March 27th the river had
risen to 31.25 feet (477 feet A. T. ), where it stood for about fourteen hours.
Taylorville and Toadhop were submerged and the waters occupied West
Terre Haute except two small islands. The railroad grades were washed

56

out for about half a mile and water a foot deep poured over the whole
length of the Wabash-avenue grade, forming a waterfall about two feet
high upon the iuternrban track on the south side. A bayou which cuts
into the terrace on tbe northwestern edge of Terre Haute was flooded and
about sixty houses were covered or floated away. The flood still lacked
thirteen feet of reaching the lowest levels of the Terre Haute terrace,
but threatened or reached the basements of several public utility stations
along its river edge. The water-works pumping station did not suspend
operation, although the filtering plant was unusable. The station which
furnishes city light and power for car lines was protected by a temporary
levee and out of business but a few liours. The gas works shut down four-
teen hours.

Terre Haute was without railroad eomniunication for about a week,
but mail and passengers were transferred two miles by boat. One of the
peculiar and interesting marks left by the flood was the spreading out of
the gravel from the broken Vandalia grade into a great fan. which buried
many liouses in West Terre Haute up to the second story in gravel. The
railroad and sti'eet grades acted as so many dams to compel the flood
water to pass through the normal channel 700 feet wide. If they had been
provided with adequate openings high water would have been several feet
lowev. the grades would have been left intact and West Terre Haute un-
covered by water or gravel. During inidsunnner low water the discovery
was made that the piers of the Wabash-avenue bridge had been seriously
undei-mined and they had to be strengthened with concrete. The dis-
charge of flood water under the bridges has been estimated at 300 times
as great as the normal, a contingency for which the bridge engineers liad
not provided.

57

The Flood of March, 1913, Along the Ohio River
AND Its Tributaries in Southeastern Indiana.

Glenn Culbertson.

Upon investigation it was found that tlit' floods of tlic tiihntarips of
the Ohio River in soutlieastern Indiana, resulting from the unusual rain-
fall of March 2.3-27, 191.'!. were not so remarkable as those of the streams
of central Indiana and Ohio.

Two reasons may be given for this. The tirst is that the precipitation
In the basins of the tributaries of the Ohio in .southeastern Indiana dur-
ing the above period did not exceed seven or seven and a half inches, ex-
cept In very small areas. In the basin of the tributaries of the east and
west forks of White River the rainfall in places reached nine or more
Inches during the same period. The second reason is, that while the pre-
cipitation w^as excessive, yet the heaviest showers of two or three inches,
coming within a period of a few hours, were sufficiently separated in
time to permit the "inunediate runoff" to pass into the larger streams and
on to the Ohio River. This was done the more readily inasmuch as the
gradients of the tributaries of the Ohio in this region are very high. In
these streams a period of a few hours only is needed to carry off an
excess of water that in the more level parts of central and northern Indi-
ana would require almost as many days.

Two or three excessive rainfalls of this period added greatly to the
destructive erosion of the steep hillsides, where unprotected by forest
growth or other vegetation. The soil of these slopes, loosened by the
winter's frost and in too many cases entirely without protection, was
swept away by the hundreds and thousands of tons. Along with the
finer materials much gravel and small stones were deposited over the valu-
able bottom lands along the larger streams, adding greatly to this destruc-
tive work which has taken place during every great flood since the for-
ests were removed from the hills.

The flood of the Ohio River during early April, resulting from the
rains of March, was not the greatest known, being exceeded by that of

58

1884. That of March, 1913, however, was noted especially in two respects,
\iz : the remarkable rapidity of its rise, and the very .ij;reat (luantity of
sediment carried.

From ten days to two weeks are usually required for the Ohio River
to reach a flood stage such as that of March, 1918, but in that case such
was the rapidity of the rise, that flood stage was reached in four or five
days. Because of the unusually rapid rise there was a destruction of
movable property much greater than ordinarily occurs.

Slide Coverina: Madison and Hanover Pike.

Tile deposits left on the bottom lands of the Ohio h.v tlic Hoods of last
March were by far the Lrrcatcst known. In iii.-iiiy ]ila<('s tlic silt or iiuid
was laid down to Ibc depth of six. eight, and e\eii twelve inches. The ini-
niedijite elTect of this deixisit was tlu' coniidele (lest ruction of all wlu'at and
alfalfa growing in the liottoms liebiw high w.itcr uiaiK'. wliere covered with
flood watei's for several days. In many of the (»iiio liotlonis alfalfa is oik-
of the most valuable crops and its destruction w;is a serious loss to the
fanners. Where the soil co\ild be bi'oken and cultivated all tlu- bottom

59

hiucLs, whether previously sowu to wheat or alfalfa, were plowed and
lilanted in corn. Where the deposits were eight to twelve inches, however,
and in some cases even of less depth, it was found to be impossible to get
the soil in condition for a crop in 1913, a winter's freezing and thawing be-
ing necessary to produce the proper texture in the soil for the cultivation
and production of a crop. The materials, soil and silt, left by the 1913
floo!i, like all those of more recent years, are found to be not nearly so
fertile as wore the deposits of the past, when much of the basin of the
Ob.'O was st^ll largely forested.

'g^i^- r 1£i^ ^v^ ^,,M}M:M^

Landslide on Steep Hillside Upon Which Tobacco Had Been Grown. This Picture Shows a Great
Mass of Soil, etc.. Heaped Up Below the Break.

The most important results of the very unusual precipitation of last
March, on tlie steep slopes of the Ohio and its tributaries in southeastern
Indiana, from a geological f-tandpoint and probably from an economic also,
was the ^-ery gro.^c number and size of the landslides. Those occurring as
a result of the rains of last March weve tenfoicl more numerous than tho«e
following any heavy rains of the past. Every few hundred yards along
the slopes facing the Ohio and its larger tributaries, these slides occurred.

60

lu sdiiie places great cracks extending for several lunidreils of feet were
iormed in the earth, and the soil moved a few feet only. In other places
hundreds of tons of soil broke away to the depth of from three to five or
six fe(^t, and moved to more gentle slopes below, leaving a great tangle of
sol!. ]•< Kits', branches and trunks of small trees in huge mounds. Valuable
tobacco or other lands were rendered unfit for cultivation, or roadways
were so completely covered that the use of dynamite alone could i-emove
the material and open the roads for traffic.

•fti3-:i' -•

Slide Coverin!5 One lialf Acre on a Slope Covered vvitli Cirowlli of Small Trees.

In other cases the slides began well up the slopes and continued to the
bottom of the valley, carrying hundreds of tons of rocks, .soil, and vege-
table debris. The slides were fully as frequent on the forested slopes
where the largei' ti-ees had been removed, and only shrulis and small trees
remained, as on the hillsides covered with blue grass. In a few ca.ses it
was noticed that a l)lack walnut or a white oak, although not more than
a foot in (lianictcr. was able to hold the soil even in the midst of a com-
paratively large laii(Nlidc. The large tap I'oots of these trees extended far

61

below the materials loosened, and hence held their positiftns and the soil
embraced by them.

Very mn<'h more extensive than the slides themselves was the creep of
the hillside soils. The effect of the creep was the removal of thousands
of tons of soil on a single slope to the distance of a few inches or a foot or
so down the slope.

The one great lesson taught by the excessive rainfall of March, 1918.
so far as the steep slopes of southeastern Indiana are concerned, is tliat

i0^^'/^

•*..-.-'^l

'.'^ t.5. ,

Extensive Slide on a Steep Slope Covered with Blue Grass Sod.

the only adequate i)rotection against disastrous soil loss is in the refor-
e.station of sucli localities with the larger varieties of trees. The plant-
ing of such trees as the black walnut and the white oak and others with
very large tap roots is especially desirable.

63

The Wabash River Flood of 1913, at Lafayette, Ind.

R. L. Sackett.

The principal factors affecting the flood discharge of rivers in cubic feet
per second per square mile are:

The duration and intensity of rainfall.

The topography of the watershed.

The geology of the watershed.

Temperature and condition of the soil and surface.

Presence of lakes.

Slope and general character of the channel.

Data has not yet been collected so carefully and for long enough periods
to permit predicting flood stages with any accuracy.

Tiefenbacher gives the following estimate of the flood discharge of Euro-
pean streams in cubic feet per second (See Ency. Brit., Eleventh Ed., Vol.
XIV, p. 77):

In flat country 8.7 to 12.5 cubic feet second per square mile.

In hilly country 17.5 to 22.5 cubic feet second per square mile.

In moderately mountainous districts 36.2 to 45.0 cubic feet second

per scjuare mile.
In very moiuitainous districts 50 to 75 cubic feet second per scjuare
mile.

Various formulas have been proposed to express the maximum ffood flow
such as

O'Connell proposed, Q ecjuals Kl M where K varies "from 0.43 for small
rivers draining meadow land" to 67.5 for the Danube.
Q is the discharge in cubic feet per second.
M is the area in square miles.

Fanning proposed, Q equals 200 M for New England Rivers.

M

Dredge gives, Q ecjual 1300 — where L is the length of the catch-

T ?
ment area in miles. ^

64

Kuichling plotted available data and derived the following formulas:
44000

Q

[M + 170

+ 20, M, for floods exceeded occasionally;

f 127000
and Q + ! h

7.4 M,

[m + 370 J

In U, S. Geolog. .Survey Bulletin No. 147,

for floods exceeded rarelv.

' 46790
,M + 320

+

15 M, is

is proposed.

Many other formulas have been proposed and are given in a paper by Mr.
Fuller in the Trans. Amer. Soc. C. E., Vol. XXXIX, p. 1063.

When applied to the Wabash they give widely varying results because
none of them was made for the topographical and meteorological conditions
which characterize our floods.

Fig. 1. Drainaijo .Vrea of the Wabash River above Lafayette, Ind.

The following extract from an article by the author in Engineering News,
April 24, 1913, will explain the conditions causing and accomjKmying this flood.

A series of heavy rains, extending over the entire drainage area of the
Wabash River, connnenced March 21 and continued at intervals until March
26, raising the river to unprecedented heights, causing the loss of many lives
and the destruction of several iiiillioii (ioilars of jjrojx'rty.

Previous floods whicii did iiiucli damage occurred .Tune 11, 1858, .\ugust

65

5, 1878, February 17, 1883, and March 15, 1907. The flood of 1913 reached
a mark 22 inches higher than the record of 1883 at Lafayette, Ind., and ex-
ceeded all records at Peru and Logansport by as high as 8 feet. The flood of
1883 was produced at Lafayette by an ice jam which formed about a mile
below the city. The damage done was due to slack water, while the present
flood caused the partial destruction of three large steel bridges by extra-
ordinary erosion of the river bottom in the restricted sections.

One student lost his life in an attempt to rescue men marooned on the
Brown-street levee, when the latter washed out on the west of them and the
bridge fell on the east of them. High water closed the gas works, the two
water-works pumping stations, the citj- heating and lighting plant and many
industries; one light and power plant continued in operation although its
condensers and pumps were under 7 feet of water.

The drainage area with its tributaries above Lafayette, as shown in Fig.
1, includes an area of about 7,300 scjuare miles, of which 400 are in Ohio. The
whole of this area is in a glaciated area, the depth gradually decreasing east
of this point until near Logansport, Ind., the bed of the river is in rock. East
of that point the deposit varies in thickness.

The drainage area is practically clear of forests and under cultivation.
The average fall of the river is about 18 inches per mile here and increases
in the upper portions. There are numerous islands and sand bars which form
and are swept away in periods of high water. The soil wash is high and the
loss therefrom is a matter of great moment. The high turbidity is, of course,
a factor in the erosive action which is so characteristic of the rivers of the
Mississippi Valley.

The elevation of the head waters above M. H. T., New York harbor, is
about 1,000 feet; at Huntington, 699 feet; at Logansport, .583 and at Lafayette,
500 for low water.

Rainfall data preliminary to the hydrograph. Fig. 3, are given in Table I.

TABLE I. RAINFALL DATA OVER WABASH RIVER DRAINAGE AREA.

(Measured by Experiment Station at Purdue University.)
Date Inches.

Average annual precipitation 50

Greatest annual precipitation, 1909 55

Greatest monthly precipitation June, 1902 11.37

Greatest precipitation in twenty-four hours, August 12, 1912 4 . 30

Rainfall for March, 1913 7.05

The hydrograph shows a remarkable relationship between rainfall and
runoff for a watershed of this area — 7,300 scjuare miles. From March 1 to

5—1019

66

Marc'li 20 incliisive, only 0.94 inches of rain fell. From Fig. 3 it is apjjarent
that according to the government rain gage at Pvu'due, and a j)rivate gage,
about 1 inch of water fell preceding the 23d, enough to thoroughly saturate
the soil. On the 23d, 1.75 inches of rain fell; another inch on the 24th; 1.35
on the 25th-26th and snow on the 26th, which did not immediately melt.
While there are no other rain gages on the watershed above this point from
which records were obtainable, it is quite probable that the diagram repre-
sents average conditions. (See Table in Engineering News, A\)y'\\ 3,1913,
p. 381.)

The daily maximum temperature during tlie flood ])eriod is also shown
on Fig. 3. While there had been no snow the saturated condition of the ground,
which was free from frost, the temperature and the distribution of rainfall
caused the highest known stage of the river.

Gagings of the Wabash River here have been made by students at Purdue
University for several years and by the Weather Bureau and U. S. Geo-
logical Survey.

From these we find the following greatest annual discharge:

Date. Max. for Year in Cu. Ft. per Sec.

1904, March 27 70,000 (estimated.)

1907, March 15 41,500

1908, March 7 57,000

1909, February 25 44,000

1910, January 19 49,000

1911, January 29 31.000

1912, March 20 45,900

1913, March 26* 95,400 (including How over levee.)

From the aboxc data it is evident that the Hood of 1913 was greater than
any other recent one.

The maximum flood rate at Lafayette was less than 20 cubic feet per
second per squai'e mile. l''or Logansport , the Hood of 1904 gave less than 20
cubic feet per second pei' scjuare mile.

These nvv low I'ales and as the r.ninfall did not ;i\-erage as great as has
been r-ecorded i'oi- e(|U!d ai'eas ol liei'wheres il was nol a Hood which would
occni' only once in a. hundred y<';irs, bul ni;iy he expected more ln'(|Ueiitly
tlian that.

•Note.— A more cxUMidcd invc-tiualidii of the llouil iianiiiK-s iiulicad-s llial the luaxiiiiuin di.s-
cliarKc may liav(^ icaflird l:!(),00(l (•ul)ic feet per scvond.

6?

-^N 1^ It

■^^ ^\W^ rtATs Overflpjved low
___/& 1 '^

^ o,rh ^''"W";-;f,pm„f, >

Part If (jone

Moved

^■.I55'(0uf)
Out '^r'AbO'Pl.Qinkr
« '^ Oaf
■185 N -735'

Torn Away RIVER f|+ /

MlllMiUl.iiiiiJil|liiliiiliiilllililiilM

LAFAYETTE Cho Nnn

Fig. 2. The Three Bridges Across the Wabash at Lafayette.

90,
&4,
7&,
73,
O 67,

OUU

1 ^

1

\,

1

200

1

y

N.I

3
O

CD
u
o

o
J)

/

l\

/

°<

[

49 ""'^
44

/

i

^""^

|<^

/

i "

^

52,400

/

■'-^

/

}

•^ 15,200
10,000

V

^

L-/

1

g

'> n

f\

/-^

^

S5??

\,

/

^

\,

..ff

1-1^

_v .

^r^

--^

1 —

^^FREC2IN6

^

— ^

"^ ! 1 1

20

tu

o

-S ■" 1 c

K

u ^ 1.&

§

. o

S

"c

J:

S

c

_j^

•0

,^-^°''

?

3-

-

-

1

0

— a-I

_L

I

_L~

20 21 22 25 24 25 26

MARCH

2 3

APRIL

28 29 30 31
Fig. 3. Hydrograph of the Wabash River, Lafayette, Ind., March 20-A|)ril 2, lOIJ

68

From the data so far available for floods in the Ohio River \'alley, Fuller
proposes as the maximum 24 hour flow:

Q equals 150 M, where M is the eatchment area in scjuare miles and Q is
total cubie feet per second.

As a result the maximum expected flood How here would be 180,000 cubic
feet per second.

The average flood is given as, Q ecjuals 75 M, which ecjuals the recorded
discharge of last March.

Another method of discussing the question of future floods is by their
expected frequency. For those eastern streams where data has been col-
lected for some time it appears that a flood of twice the average Hood dis-
charge may be expected about once in 40 years.

69

The Selective Action of Gentian Violet in Bacte-
riological Analysis.

C. M. HiLLlARD.

In 1912 Churchman^ reported a new differential test for the Schizomycetes ,
depending upon the selective bactericidal action of gentian violet. The action
of this stain in high dilution upon various organisms planted in media con-
taining the dye was found to correspond closely to the Gram staining reaction,
the forms inhibited — "violet positive" — being in the majority of cases forms
that retain the stain; those growing — "violet negative" — usually being strains
that decolorize when treated by the Gram method. His actual results on
318 different strains of bacteria are shown in the following table:

318 Strains. Gram positive. Violet positive. Violet negative.
182 165 (90%) 17 (10%)

Gram negative.

136 15 (11%) 121 (89%)

The characteristic behavior of bacteria cultivated in the presence of the
dye in high dilution (1:100,000) is "so constant and clear cut that it must be
regarded as a fundamental biological characteristic." The Gram stain has
ever been an unsatisfactory test with certain groups of organisms, especially
the Coccacese. Differences in the age of the cultures, time of application of
the various reagents, and the temperature may influence the result. It is
sometimes extremely difficult to interpret the result of the stain as, some
individual cells will retain the stain and others in the same field or even in
the same chain as contiguous cells will have decolorized. As an instance of
discrepancy in interpretation of results we may cite Kligler's work^ who by
the same method (Churchman's) recorded 13 of 17 strains of saprophytic
cocci as certainly Gram negative, while four stained uncertainly, as opposed
to Churchman's recording of all 17 strains as Gram positive. In my own work
on 240 strains of streptococci I found 21 to stain irregularly and occasionally
successive stains of the same culture at different times would give totally

'Jour, of Exp. Med., Vol. XVI. No. 2, p. 221.
^ Jour, of Exp. Med., Vol. XVII, No. 6, p. 653.

70

ojjposite results. The violet reaction is in striking contrast to this "notori-
ously uncertain" staining test and though not assuming to be a i)arallel or
substitute test, it is a valuable differential reaction.

Work on various other staining agents has shown many to exhibit a defi-
nite selective inhibitive action. The Conradi-Drigalski medium for isolation
of B. typhosus from water, stools, etc., has as its basis the restraining action
of the crystal violet towards various cocci and bacilli, without influencing at
all the growth of the typhoid-colon group. Krumwiede' and Pratt'' and
Churchman'' have made observations on the growth of bacteria on media
containing various closely related aniline dyes and have found their action
to correspond closely to that of the gentian violet. Smith^ has shown the
violet test to be specific for certain of the phytopathological bacteria.

Aside from the significance of this test as a classificatory feature of great
value it might be expected to have some practical application in sanitary
bacteriological analysis, as most of the intestinal bacteria that we presume
indicate pollution by sewage are Gram negative and, therefore, with few
exceptions, are violet negative. Many of the connnon saprophytic bacteria
found normally in water and in milk are Oram positive and so would in the
majority of cases fail to grow in the presence of the stain. Churchman in
his work on the collection at the American Museum of Natural History found
the following organisms to be Gram negative and with two exceptions also
violet negative:

3 strains of B. coli communis.

5 strains of B. culi cottrnii/nior.

5 strains of B. paracoli.

2 strains of B. coli varietas.
14 strains of B. typhosus.

18 strains of B. parntyphosus.
5 strains of ]'ibrio chuh-rit.

3 strains of B. dysenterice.
5 strains of B. enteritidis.
3 strains of B. cloaca.

Curiously enough B. vH'lchii and />'. .s/w/of/cwc.s, both (!rani jiositive, proved

t () be \'i()let n('gati\'e. Sulililis, nn/coidcs, inccjathcriinti . liodi ritnis, ni'srnlcricus
and many of the sapi'i>i)hyt ic cocci are NJolet posit ixc.

»Ztsehr. of Hyg., Vol. XXXIX, p. 283.
'Proc. N. Y. Path. Soc, Vol. XIII, p. 43.
'Jour. Exp. Med., ^'ol. XVII, No. 4, p. 373.
« PhytopatholoKy, Vol. II, No. 5, p. 213.

71

A priori, then, we might expect that the addition of gentian violet to our
culture media in proper dilution would result in eliminating many saprophytic
bacteria, still permitting those forms of sewage origin to flourish. If we
used a sugar medium and added litmus we could still further emphasize the
colon group, as these are acid-forming organisms. The violet stain partly
masks the coloration of the litmus indicator, but not sufficiently to make the
picture of acid fermentation uncertain.

My work to date has not been extensive enough to warrant any definite
conclusions, but it is at least suggestive. I have analysed various samples
of water taken chiefly from the Wabash River, which is rather highly polluted
at Lafayette. Duplicate plates of proper dilutions have been made of litmus-
lactose agar and litmus-lactose-violet agar, the latter being the same as the
former with the exception of the addition of a standardized loop full of
gentian violet solution to the agar tube just before pouring. The plates have
been examined after 24 hours incubation at 37° C. The total number of
organisms growing, the total number of red colonies — acidifers — and the pre-
sumptive coli colonies growing on the two media have been recorded. The
suspected coli growths have been "fished" and planted in lactose-peptone-bilc
for confirmation and almost without exceptioii the fermentation of this media
has checked the presumptive colony growth.

The colonies on the violet plates appear somewhat smaller and the acid
production is less distinct. The stain is picked up by the cells so that the
colonies appear, especially the sub-surface colonies, as distinctly pur])le
growths. Viewed under the microscope the cells show a light purple color,
indicating vital staining.

So far I have found pretty generally what was expected, viz., that the
total count is materially reduced on the violet plates but that the number
of red colonies, and especially of coli, are approximately the same on the two
media. It has been found possible to plate a larger sample of water and to
intensify the picture of presumptive pollution by the use of the violet. A
few typical examples of actual tests will illustrate this:

Sample.

Mc

(lid.

T,

>t(ll CUUtll-^

. T

utdl red.

Coli.

Wabash (polluted).

L

L.

A.

15,000

5,000

3,000

•

L. L.

V.

A.

8,000

6,000

6,000

Wabash

L.

L.

A.

10,000

1,800

600

L. L.

V.

A.

3.100

1,100

500

72

Sample.

Media

Tot

al counts

. Total red.

Coll.

Wabash

L. L.

A.

3,500

2.000

700

L.

L. V.

A.

1,500

1 , 300

600

Wabash

L. L.

A.

8,700

2,600

1,600

L.

L. V.

A.

4,200

2,000

1,550

Tap (driven

wells) .

L. L.

A.

16

0

0

L

L. V.

A.

0

0

0

The last test noted in the above table suggests that the ratio of the count
on lactose agar with and without the violet present may be a valuable diag-
nostic feature. Polluted waters show about 50 per cent, reduction of the total
count on violet media, while unpolluted water containing more of the sapro-
phytic violet positive organisms show a much greater reduction; 100 per cent,
in the case of the tap water at Lafayette. Gram stains of centrifuged speci-
mens of fresh sewage shows the ratio of Gram positive to Gram negative cells
to be anywhere from 1:5 to 1:100. This does not check the 50 per cent, reduc-
tion very closely but many factors of a variable nature enter into the two
tests. The significant point is that the majority of sewage organisms are
Gram negative and therefore may be expected to be violet negative.

Further work is being done to determine the quantitative relations of
pure strains of typhoid and coli studied by this method and to test the effect
of attenuation of these forms in relation to the violet when held in suspension
in water under various conditions of temperature, light, etc. So far the
results seem to indicate that sojourn of a week or more has no selective inhibi-
tive effect; in fact, the violet media seems to be favored by the organisms
after this treatment.

One interesting point has been brought out by this latter study. In
working with several strains of coli suspended in water, variation in counts
on the two media — lactose agar plus violet, and without the violet — was so
great that I decided to test the individual strains. I found one, No. 41 re-
ceived from the American Museum of Natural History and thoroughly tested
by myself, to be absolutely inhibited by the violet stain. A study of the
culture showed it to bo a motile. Gram negative bacillus, fcniienting l)ilc
rather weakly, not liciuefying gelatin after ten days, and giving otluM- char-
acteristics typical of coli. Churclnnan and Michael' have described work on

'Jour. Exp. Med., Vol. XVI, No. 0, p. 822.

73

B. enierUidis where one form, indistinguishable from the others bj' anj'
morphological, cultural or agglutination characters was singled out neverthe-
less by this delicate affinity of the violet dye. The observation, he states,
is an isolated one, but my experience with this colon culture seems to confirm
the fineness of this selective affinity.

Although my work is too meagre to warrant any definite conclusions, yet
it seems to be suggestive, at least, of the value of selective bactericidal or
bacteriostatic dyes as valuable adjimcts in sanitary bacteriological analysis.

I

75

An Epidemic of Diarrhcea, Presumably Milk Borne.

p. A. Tetrault.

MILK-BORNE EPIDEMICS IN GENERAL.

Mllk-borue epidemics, as a rule, show certain characteristics wliich dis-
tinguish them from all other epidemics.

1. A very sudden outbreak and a gradual decline.

2. The first cases appear among milk users.

3. The severity of the outbreak depends on the distribution of the

infected milk and the amount of infection ]n-esent in the milk.

4. The length of the epidemic varies with the period of incubation of

the disease, the length of time the milk is infected, and con-
tagiousness of the disease.

5. Secondary cases vei'y often occur.

THE DUBLIN EPIDEMIC.

On August 5, 1913, there broke out in Dublin, N. H., an epidemic of
diarrhcea exhibiting all of these above-named characteristics. At first the
outbreak vv^as localized along one milk route, but soon became general and
spread throughout the entire community. During the first few days of the
epidemic there was a sudden rise in the number of cases reported and the
total jumped from a few cases to thirty-one, all of which were in house-
holds takmg milk from this one milkman.

The Dublin Chemical and Bacteriological Laboratory had been mak-
ing routine bacteriological tests of all the milk sold in Dublin. On August
4th the milk from this particular barn was found to be infected with B.
coll. Up to this time the total count had been very low, with absence of
coli and streptococci. Immediately a surve.v of the liarn ;iiid sui'ronnd-
ings was made and the following data collected:

Two members of the family had had diarrhoea on the evening of
August 3d. One of these persons handled the milk in the milk room.

76

An open pi'ivy, whicli had been overlooked ui) to this time, was dis-
covered in the horse stable immediately adjoining the milk room. Flies
were in great abimdance, and it was admitted by a member of the family
that they were frequently foimd in the milk room.

The milk continued to show coli until August Sth, when it cleared up
entirely.

THE NATURE OF THE DISEASE.

The disease showed a very rapid onset accompanied by pain, high tem-
perature, nausea and vomiting. Diarrhoea always followed. Secondary
cases were numerous, especially among children.

THE SPREAD OF THE EPIDEMIC.

Until about August 12th, all cases occurred along the susjiected milk
route. Over 60 per cent, of these milk users were infected. On that date
one of the neighbors of an infected household came down with the disease.
From then on the contagion spread from one family to another, probably
through contagion, vmtil nearly every home in the community had or had
had the disease.

Nothing was done to investigate the causes, although the State Board
of Health was asked to look over the situation.

It might be said, to eliminate as many probable causes as possible, that
the town of Dublin does not have a common water supply. Most of the
water comes from driven wells or from the lake. Dublin is a summer re-
sort and everything is done to keep the town in as sanitary a condition as
possible.

CONCLUSION.

The epidemiology of this outbreak has not been studied carcfuH\
enough to permit us to draw any positive conclusions. I have tried to
show the relation of the epidemic to the milk infected with coli. The evi-
dences seem to incriminate the milk, although a positive diagnosis of a
milk-borne epidemic cannot be reached from the data at hand.

77

On the Vertical Distribution of the Plankton in

Winona Lake.

Glen WOOD Henry.

During the summer of 1912, while studying at the Biological Stiition
of Indiana University, I undertook to make a quantitative determination
of the vertical distribution of tlie plankton in Winona Lake. A study was
also made of the significant physical and chemical conditions associated
with it. The lake was mapped by A. A. Norris ('02), and some of its
physical features were considered by Juday COo).

Winona Lake is a small temperate lake of the deeper type. Its max-
imum length is 1.4 miles. Its maximum width is 1.2 miles and its maxi-
mum depth is 81 feet. It is large enough to present all of the usual plank-
ton problems and small enough to make their study at critical times easily
possible. All forms taken were determined, at least generically, and their
abundance estimated. The exact quantitative work was limited to the
eleven genera and groups, Ceratiuni, Tribonenia, Avahaena, Diaptoinus,
Fraffilaria. Microcystis, Lijnghija, Cyclops, Nauplii, Cladocera, and Rotifcra.
The Cladocera were repx'esented by the following forms: Daiilniia liiialina,
Daphnia piilex. Daphnia retrocurva, Chi/doriis, Bosinina, I'leitroxus pro-
curvatus. The following Rotifcra were identified: Aniiraa cochlea ris, An-
uria aciileata, ^otliolca loiu/ispiiia. Brachio)tiis pala. and Ucxarthra polyp-
tera. Weekly catches, July 11th to August 13th, were taken of the eleven
forms at ten levels, ranging from surface to 23 meters. The temperature,
also the amount of dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, and carbonates were
determined for the different depths.

I desire to express my thanks to Dr. Will Scott, acting director of the
Station, for the many courtesies and helpful suggestions extended to me
m the collection of the data for this paper. Scott Edwards made the
temperature observation and G. N. Hoffer determined the dissolved gases.
To these gentlemen I am under ol»ligation for permission to use these data.

PHYSICAL CONDITIONS.

Tiirhiditi/.
The turbidity of the lake was determined l>y means of a Seechi's disk.
The water was clearest on July 24th. when the disk disappeared at 4 m.
The minimum depth. 2.7 m., occurred several times during the summer.

78

TeiiipcratKic.
Temperature readiugs were made by means of a tliermophoue, and
were taken simultaneously with the plankton catches. The temperature of
the surface water, during the summer, varied from .11° to 2G° ('. At the l)ot-
tom of the lake, only a slight vai-iation ranging from 8.3° C. to 9° C. oc-
curred. The thermocline was about 6 or 7 m. in thickness. The epilimnion
was 5.5 m. thick on July 1st; by the middle of August it had descended to
14.5 m. This descent of the thermocline was associated with the high wind
and cloudy days of the latter part of August. The average vertical readings
are given in the accompanying temperature graph. They were taken in
the deepest part of the lake at various times diu-ing the day.

OUTLINE MAP OF

WINONA LAKF

SHOWING LOCATION OF STATIONS

]\<(ilh( r.
Tlic suiiinicr nl' llilL' cxhil.ilcd \ci\ unsettled wcallicr (•iPiulvtMuis in the
vicinity of tlic lake. Sti-nnu winds prcNailcd mucli of tiic tinu'. especially

79

during the month of August, and heavy rains often raised the surface of
the lake several inches above its normal level. The winds, which were gen-
erally accompanied by cloudy weather, blew the surface of the water into
waves of considerable magnitude for a small lake, and caused a piling up
of the surface water on the leeward side. Detailed records cannot be given
because the only anemometer available was adapted to winds of low veloc-
ity only, which rendered it useless during the high winds which prevailed.

Dissolved Gases.

A study of the dissolved gases revealed the fact that there was suftici-
ent carbon dioxide present for photosynthesis, and that oxygen was pres-
ent in sufficient quantities to support animal life at all depths. At the
surface of the lake there were 5 c. c. of dissolved oxygen per liter : in the
upper layer of the epilimnion there were 4.25 c. c. present ; in the middle
of the thermocline 2.8.5 c. c, and at the l)ottom of the lake there was 1.5
c. c. of dissolved oxygen per liter of water.

The carbon dioxide increased from .8 c. c. at the surface to 8.75 c. c. at
the bottom. It increased from 2.5 c. c. to 5.5 c. c. from the top to the bot-
tom of the thermocline.

METHOD USED IX PLANKTON CATCHES.

Six stations, position of which are indicated on the outline map, were
established. They were located in positions which best showed the effect
of the wind upon the plankton. The dei)ths of the staious varied from
7.5 to 23 m. The catches for this report wei'e mostl^■ made at Station 1,
depth 23 m., the other stations being used as a check upon the results ob-
tained at that station. Weekly catches were made l)y the use of a brass
pump, known in the trade as "The Barnes Hydroject Pump," a three-
fourths inch garden hose, and a plankton net, the straining part of which
was made of No. 20 Dufour l)olting cloth. These weekly catches were
taken respectively at the surface, 1 m., 2 m., 4 m., 6 m., S m., 10 m., 14 m.,
20 m., and 23 m. The quantity of water, 10.4 liters, strained for each catch,
was the amount produced l)y 50 strokes of the pump. The ordinary count-
ing method was used to determine the niunber of organisms. In most ca.ses
20 per cent, of the material was counted, but all individuals of forms read-
ily recognized by the naked eye were counted.

80

PLANKTON DISTRIBUTION IN REFERENCE TO THE EPILIMxNION, THERMOCLINE, AND

Hl'POLIMNION.

Seventy-four and six-tenths per cent, of the plankton inhabited the
epilimniou. The per cent, of the eleven forms studied quantitatively are :
Rotifera 87.4, Lyng'bya 80.7, Ceratium 88.6, Microcystis 76.5, Anahaena 84,8,
Tribonema 64.3, NavpUi 60..5. Diaptnmus 71.2. Frnqilnrin 76.7. Cyclops .38.8,
Cladocera 31.6.

Seventy-three and three-tenths per cent, of the phytojiliinkton and 83.3
per cent, of the zooplankton inhabited the epilimnion.

The thermocline contained 21.8 per cent, of the plankton of the lake.
The following synopsis gives the per cent, of each of the ele^•en forms :
Diaptomus 23.8, FrafiUaria 19.5, Vyclops .34.4, Cladocera 40.7. Tribonciua
26.6, Nauplii 18.7, Microcystis 20.3, Anahacna 14.4. Ccratiiuii 10.3, Lynghija
IS, liotifera 10.8. Of the zooplankton 12.3 per cent., and of the pliytdphuik-
ton 22.<i per cent, lived in the thermocline.

The hypolimnion contained 3..5 ])er cent, of the iilanktoii, 4..". per cent, of
tlie zooplankton, and 3.4 per cent, of the phytoplankton. The i)er cent, of
each form in the hypolimnion was : Cladocera 27.7, Ci/cIops 26.7. Frauilaria
3..5, Nauplii 2<K8. Diapto)niis .">, Anahacna .8, Tribonema 9.1, Microcystis 3.2,
Lyngbya 1.1, Rotifera 1.7, Ceratium 1.1.

At 23 m. tliere were more forms per liter than at 20 m. This was prob-
ably due to the presence of some dead organisms that by tlie loss of activity
had sunk to the bottom. The end of tlie liose at 23 m. was very close to the
i>ottom.

THE EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL FACTORS UPON DISTRIBUTION.

The large per cent, of plankton in the epilimnion was due to the pres-
ence of sunlight and plenty of food. In the upper half (I)est lighted jiart)
of this stratum, there was sufficient carbon dioxitle to permit rapid photo-
synthesis. Apstein ("96) found light t() be the most important factor in ex-
plaining the presence of fifty-six times as much plankton from 0-2 m. as in
the remainder of the water. That direct sunlight has a repelling (>ffect upon
some plaidcton, was demonstrated by the fact that r>:> i)er cent, inhabited the
tirst two meters, while only 12 per cent. lived at the surface. /. c. in the sur-
face meter. Other factors enter into 1h(> explanation of th(> jirolilic life in
the epilimnion. Many organisms were too licavy to sink into the cold
heavy waters of the thermocline. Juday in his work on the Wisconsin

81

Lakes, determiuecl that the vast amouut of algai collecting at the top of the
thermoclme, at certain times, so increased the process of photosynthesis,
that 300 per cent, oxygen saturation occurred. It is also to be remembered
that the lowering of the thermocline in August increased the depth of the
epilimnion one meter.

Four factors must be taken into consideration in accounting for the
rapid decrease of organisms below the epilimnion : First, the lower temper-
ature (20° C. at the top of the thermocline and 9.6° C. at the bottom during
July, 21.1° C. and 10.7° C. respectively being the average temperatures for
August) ; second, the decrease in the amount of oxygen from 4.25 c. c. per
liter of water at six meters to 2.50 c. c. at the bottom of the thermocline ;
third, the decrease in the amount of food; and. fourth, the limited .-imonnt
of sunlight.

In the hypolimnion the jihysicnl cdnditious were so uniform that the
lilanktoii was very evenly dislrilmted in this stratnui.

SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE PLANKTON.

Six weeks is too short a time to olitaln results of much value concern-
ing seasonal distribution. However, the data collected indicate the follow-
ing facts : The plankton, as a whole, increased in amount in August. Cerd
tium, Fragilaria, Microcystis, and Lynr/hya increased gradually to August
13th, the date of the last observation. Diaptomus reached its maximum
August 1st; Nauplii and Aiiahaciui on August 8th. The Cladocera and JRo-
tifcra increased rather suddenly in August and were most numerous on the
date of the last collection.

THE EFFECTS OF WIND UPON DISTRIBUTION.

As mentioned earlier in this paper, six stations were established to de-
termine whether or not the plankton of the whole lake at a given level was
homogeneous at all times. Repeated catches at different stations under ordi-
nary conditions Indicate that the plankton at the different levels was uni-
form.

SUMMARY.

Oxygen sufficient for respii'ation occurs at all levels of the lake, and
probably is not a limiting factor.

Carbon dioxide was present in sutficient quantities for photosynthesis.

6—1019

82

The eiiilimnioii contained 74.6 per cent, of the phmkton. the thermocliue
21. S per cent, and the hypolimnion 3.5 per cent.

Plankton was more abundant in August than in July.

So far as these observations go, wind has no appreciable effect upon the
distribution of the plankton.

EXPLANATION OF FIGURES.

Figures 1 to 15, inclusive, indicate the distribution of the organisms.
The numl)ers at the bottom indicate the date.

Figure 16 shows graphically the amount of dissolved gases at different
depths.

Figure 17 indicates tlie maximum, minimum, and average temperatures.

83

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98

A Simple Apparatus for the Study of Phototropic
Responses in Seedlings.

Geo. N. Hoffek.

The ]iiirpose of this apparatus is to detenuiiie the miuiimim (luautity of
light, acting as a lateral stimulus, that will produce a ciir\ature response
in seedlings of various kinds as well as some of the fungi, such as
Phycomyccs and Piloholus.

Any kind of light may be used, l)ut in the comparative studies I use
direct sunlight. The <piantity of liglit is regulated by opening and closing
an iris diaphragm with various-sized apertures for definite lengths of time.

The apparatus is made from a microscope carrying case. As shown Jn
the photograph. Fig. 1. the outside attachments are the drawtube and rack
and pinion of a microscope removed troni the base and attached to one side
of the l)ox. The tube works through a hole in the side of the box. The
opening is made light proof by a velvet collar, Fig. Ill, VC, glued to the rim
and held to the tul)e of the secure by rubber bands.

Into another hole is litted a hemispheric, revolving iris diaphragm. Fig.
Ill, I. This is on the adjacent side of the box close to the microscope and
en the same level with the objective of the microscope. A mirror is at-
tached to the box to reflect light directly into it through the iris and onto
the plant. A micrometer eyepiece in the microscope is the index by which
all of the readings are made. The illumination for the readings is supplied
by the light which passes through the bottle, Fig. Ill, K, into a solid glass
rod, SG, and conducted by the rod to within a half inch of the plane in
which the plant is held and ends directly opposite to the objective of the
microscope. This glass rod should be approximately one-half of an inch in
diameter so as to present a field of sufficient size.

The bottle contains a saturated solution of bichromate of potassium In
water. This solution is to absorb the acti\-e blue-violet rays of light. The
glass rod is covered with black tape, Fig. Ill, T, and the opening into the
box through which the rod extends is sealed against the admission of light

94

by a velvet collar. A hlac-k canllioard collar. Fig. III. P.C. slips over the
bottle and rests iipoii the platform below the bottle. A piece of white card-
board on the platform serves as a reflector for the light entei-ing the bottle.
It is this (lull red light wliich is carried to the obji-ctive of tlic niicroscope
and used to make the readings. This light enters only when making the
I'eadings and has not, in the number of cases tried, produced any stimulus
that would effect the experinu'ut and alter the response to the ni>i'ni;il light
stinuilus. However, I have yet to try experiments on I'halaris.

The internal construction of the box, Fig. II, consists merely of a ver-
tical rod on which works a burette clamp. The rod is so placed that a test
tube containing the plant under study can be adjusted easily into position
opposite both the iris and the objecti\e of the microscope. The door of the
box is fitted with strips of velvet so as to make it light proof.

To use the apparatus, seedlings are grown in soil, sawdust, etc., in test
tubes in the dark room. These culture tubes should always be held in a
\ertical position while Ix'ing adjusted in the l)ox for study. The box is
"loaded" in the dai-k room and th(^ plants ]»laced so as to be in thi' field of
the microscope. The iris is closed and the door of the box is locked.
The plant is then brought into focus using the illumination secured by rais-
ing the collar, I>('. to a sutticient height and thus ixTmittiiig the reflected
light to enter the bottle from below. Readings are taken at intervals of
several minutes before opening the iris in oi'der to be cerlain that no geo
troi)ic stinuUi other tlian the noi-mal are acting. Wlicn no readings are
being taken the collar rests upon the platform.

The i)lant is then laterally stinuilated by o|iening the iris to any de-
sii'ed size for a dehnite leiigtli ol' time. The nnri-or rcliects the light
through the iris onto the plant.

The nucroscope is kept covered at all times with a photographer's focus-
ing cloth. .Ml of I he readings are made under this cloth. This ])revents
any light Ironi passing thro\igh the microsco]ic .and beisig focused outo the
l)lant.

To record the results ;i gi-a|ihic recoi'd ni.ay he made, using the ordi-
nates lo denote Ihc exiciit ol' cnrNjilnre in s|>accs on liic nncrouictcr eyc-
jiiece. and Ihc abscissas to denote the lime of stinuilal ion. or presentation
period, tiie Latent period, and the length of time foi- the completion of Ihc
response. Figure I \' illustrates s\ich a record:

95

*PReSe.MTATlON PtHrOD
► LATElVT PrRlOD

'4

I Se«dUr\a Tcnrv.

I Tarwp ZZ'C ZPI^.

'6 >a Zo ' ZZ. Zf Zb MIMOTES

Fig. IV. Study of Atena saliva.

The ventilation of the box is unimportant for tlie short periods reiiuirec!
for each studv- A wet sponge placed inside of the box serves to keep the
fiir moist. The temi)eratiire of the apparatus can also lie recorded and all
tests made under e(iuitoniperatnres.

Fif{. I. Exiei'iiil View of Apparatus

96

Kiss. II. InU-rnal \"ie\v of Apitaratus

;i^\\\\\\\\\\\\\^V^VW^vi^

KiK. III. Cro.s.s section of tlie iippiuulii.s to sliow the po.silion of tlio pliint iUid its ivlalum to the
micmscopo and the glass rod; VC, velvet collar sealing the aperture through which the inicroscope
works; I, the iris diaphragm; SC, the glass rod; T, tape covering the glass rod to make U light
proof; I', the plant. H(\ the collar which slips over the bottle; K. the bottle containing the saturaleil
solution ol bichromate of potassium; VVC, the white cardboard to roHoct light into bottle.

97

A Test of Indiana Varieties of Wheat Seed for
Fungous Infection.

Geo. N. Hoffer.

"ludiaiia grows annually more than 2,500,000 acres of wheat. The aver-
age yield for the past ten years has been 15.1 bushels per acre.'" — Clr. No.
23, Purdue University Agr. Exp. Sta.

The economic significance of any factor which plays a part in causing
c decrease in the quantity of the yield, even though this decrease may be
represented by a fractional part of one per cent, of the yield, is considerable.
The mere presence, then, of internally infecting fungi in the wheat seed
studied in the laboratory may be indicative of very important problems in
the field.

In Bulletin No. 203 of the Ohio Agricultural E.vperhneut Station. T.
F. Manns has described a method for detecting fungi internally infecting
wheat and other small grain. The nietliod in brief, consists in sterilizing the
outside of the grain by means of a solution of corrosive sublimate in 50 per
cent, alcohol and then placing the seeds in sterile petri dishes on agar-agar.
This allows germination of the plant embryo when viable. Cultures
or growths of the fungi surviving internally in the seed develop at the
same time. The fungi in these cultures can then be identified.

The results of laboratory tests at the Ohio station "show an amazing
amount of disease transmission in seed wheat as well as the proof of scab
infection by both germinating and dead wheat kernels." A study of field
conditions showed "that many seedling wheat plants were killed by the scab
fungus (Fusarium roseum) conveyed in the seed or retained by the soil."
This verified the laboratory conclusions.

In the report of the botanist of the North Dakota Agricultural Experi-
ment Station for 1011, Dr. H. L. BoUey concludes from the results of numer-
ous tests of seeds that "our experiments, taken as a whole, tend to prove
definitely that the soU is not often materially depleted, but that the deteri-
oration in j'ield and quality of grain is more specifically to be assigned to
troubles caused by internal seed infection and soil infection."

7—1019

98

The liciu'ra (it tuii^,q wiiicli ISollcy re.^ards as Ix'iii.LC of patliogeuic in-
terest are Collet otridimn. Fiisaritnn. Ilrlniinthosftorinm. and possibly Mac-
rosporium.

In Circular No. '•> of the Purdue T'niversity l']x]ii'rinient station the
statement is made that "'the average (yield of wheat I oii the station farm
for the iiast twenty-tive years has been 28.04 bushels per acre." This is
nearly thirteen bushels above the average for the state.

The question naturally arises, knowing the results obtained elsewhere
by studies of the internally infecting fungi of seed wheat, whether Indiana
varieties taken at random from a single locality may be similarly infected?

Following the method used by T. F. Manns, thirty-four different va-
rieties of wheat seed were tested hy me. I shall summarize briefly the re-
sults of the test tind hold them tentatively against further studies on both
the wheat plants and seed.

Of the thirty-four varieties, fourteen were free from fungi of any kind.
Thirteen of the varieties were found to be infected with a Fusariutn. Four
of the varieties showed an internal Macrosporium, and three varieties
showed both a Fiisarium and Macrosporium infection.

The meagerness of these data, however, precludes the formation of any
definite conclusions, l)ut does indicate a fertile field for study.

99

Pyropolyporus Everhartii (Ellis & Gall.) Murrill
AS A Wound Parasite.

Geo. N. Hoffeb.

During the fall of 1912 and the spring of this year many observations
of various species of oaks Infected with Pyropolyporus Everhartii were
made by my class in forest pathology working in the vicinity of Lafayette,
Indiana. The finds from the first were very interesting because of consider-
able deformation of trees of Qucrcus imhricaria Mich.

The fungus is reported in Bulletin No. 149 of the Bureau of Plant In-
dustry. Here it is described as a wound parasite on Quercus marylundica
Muench., blackjack oak. INIurrill describes the fungus as attacking living
trunks of Quervus ni(irn and Fuhiim species. In a recent communication
G. G. Hedgecock tells me that the fungus is very common in the lower
Mississippi valley. In Phytopathology, Vol. 2, No. 2, Mr. Hedgecock records
the hosts for this fungus. The list includes all of the oak species upon
which I found the fungus with the exception of QucrcK.s aJha L. This spe-
cies is a new host in this locality.

Plate I shows a number of sporophores from three different hosts. Plate
II shows the bole of a Quercus imhricaria badly deformed. Large knotty
growths have developed and, in the centers of these, sporophores have
formed. Plate III shows a sporophore developing on a living tree of Quer-
cus velutiiia Lamarck. Plate IV shows a stub of a killed tree of Quercus
alha L.

The other species upon which the fungus has been found in this vicinity
are Quercus rubra L. and Quercus niacrejcarpa Michaux. The effect on these
trees has been generally the killing of branches of the trees.

The distril)uti()n of the fungus within the state has not been worked
out. It has been oljserved by me in Kosciusko County during the past sum-
mer. The species upon which I found it in this locality was Quercus velu-
lina Lam. It was frequently foimd on l>oth dead and living trees. Examin-
ations of some of the dead trees showed no signs of borer attacks.

From these observations I believe that the fungus may be of consider-
able economic importance within the state.

The photographs from which the plates have been made were taken
by P. H. Teal, class of 1013. Purdue. Mr. Teal made a study of the fungi
affecting the oaks in this country as his thesis sub.iect.

100

Plate I. .Sporophores (1 and 2) from Quercus imbncaria; (3) from Quercus niliia; (4) from

Quercus velutina.

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rhilo II. Tieo of Quort'iis inil)ricariu Attacked by Funaus.

101

Plate III. Sporophores on Quercus velutina.

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Plate IV. Stub of Quercus alba with Fungus.

103

The Mosses of Monroe County, Indiana, II.

Mildred Nothnagel and F. L. Pickett.

At the wiuter meeting of the Indiaua Academy of Science in 1912 the
authors presented a list of the mosses of Monroe County, made up princi-
pally of fall-fruitinu; forms. That list appears in the Proceedings for 1912,
pp. 69-75. In the spring of 1913 the collection and identification of the
mosses in the neighborhood of Bloomington was resumed. The following
list is the I'esult of that work and includes fourteen new species, among
■^'hieh are representatives of one family and three genera not represented
in the previous list.

Material has been prepared, as described in the former paper, and left
in the herbarium of the Botanical Department of Indiana University. Full
notes of habitat, time and locality of collection, as well as of condition of
the specimens, are on file to make the material of value for comparison. In
this, as in the previous list, the numbers in parenthesis after each specie in-
dicate the accession numbers in the herl)arium.

In this list some species are included which were in the fiu-mer list.
This has been done to indicate noteworthy differences in time of fruiting, or
of haldtat. and to show the herbarium numbers of such species as were not
given numbers in the first list.

To those interested in making permanent collections, the following plan
for preparing microscopic slides of species for convenient reference and
examinntion may be of use. The dissections of leaves from different parts
of a i)lant as well as peristome, operculum and calyptra. are mounted in a
10 per cent, glycerin solution in water for examination. If satisfactory, the
slide, with the specimens well covered with the dilute glycerin, is cai'efully
protected from the dust until the glycerin is concentrated. Then a cover
glass on which a small piece of glycerin-jelly has been melted is carefully
placed on the previously warmed slide. Siich mounts are very convenient
for quick reference, and are (luite firm if covers at least 22 mm. by 32 mm.
are used. In the writers' collections the quick reference to such prepara-

104

tions is further facilitated by giving the slides the same accession numbers
as the regular herbarium specimens.

Doubtful specimens have been sent to Dr. A. J. Grout of Brooklyn for
identification, and due notice given in the list.
Order. BRYALES.

Suborder Nematodonte.e.

Family Polyirichacew.
Polytrichum Commune L. (105).
P. Ohioense R. & C. (106).
Suborder ArthrodontExE.

Family Fissidentaceie.
Fissidens taxifolius (L.) Hedw. (77). Determined by Dr. Grout.
Mature spores in late fall and winter. Dark green mats on clay, Huckle-
berry ravine. Common.

Family Dicranacea'.
Ditrichum pallidum (Schreb.) Hampe. (111). Mature spores in May.
Dense yellow-green tufts on clay, dry wooded hillsides, common.
Family Grimmiaccw.
Grimmia apocarpa (L. ) lledw. (70). Mature spores in March and
April. On limestone slabs and cliffs forming almost black cushi(»us, abun-
dant.

Family Tortulacew.
Weisia viridula (L. ) Hedw. (72). Mature spores in April, abundant.
Barbula unguiculata (Huds.) Hedw. (lOo). Spores mature from late
fall to early spring.

Family Funariacea}.
Funaria flavicans Mx. (79). Mature spoi'es in April. Kare.
F. hygrometrica (L) Sibth. (101). Mature spores in May. Cuiuuiuii.
Physcomitrium immersum Sulliv. (122).

Family Bryacccr.

Hryum capillare L. (112). Mature spores in July. Occasional on
wooded hillsides.

I'., intci-medium Brid. (lOS). Mature spores in May. On limestone
wall of Oolitic Stone Mills Company's reservoir.

Mniuni ntliiic Rand. (8."}). Determined by Dr. Grout. Mature spores
in April. On diiiiip soil in Ilucklcborry Ravine. Not common.

105

^I. rostratnm Schrud. ('.•2i. Sterile. Kare, ou very damp rocks or in
running water.

Family Hijpnacece.

Amblystegium fluviatile (Sw.) B. & S. (9S). Mature spores in May.
Liglit green tufts in running water ; common, but rarely found fruiting.

A. kocliii B. & S. (80). Mature spores in April. Common. Indiana
University campus.

A. orthocladon (P. B.) Kindb: (107). Mature spores in May. On stones
in running water, common.

A. varium (Hedw.) Lindb. (81, 99). Tliin, loose mats with light
greeu branches ; on soil ; common. Mature spores in April.
Family Leucodontacece.

Forsstroemia trichomitria (Hedw.) Ltndb. (119). High on living
Jufflaiis cincrea near I. IT. water-works reservoir. Mature spores from late
summer to midwinter.

Indiana Vnivcr.sity Botanical Laljoratorij.

107

Ecological Notes on Certain White River Alg/E.

Paul Weatherwax.

During the .summer of 1913, while assisting in a sanitary survey* of tlie
West Forli of Wliite River, tlie writer toolv advantage of the opportunity to
malie a study of the alg;ie in the stream. Tlie work was begun at Martins-
ville, Ind.. near the close of June, and ended at Mt. Carmel, 111., about tlie
middle of September, more or less hurried investigations being made along
the river near several of the larger towns.

( )nly such forms were considered as were present in quantities suffici-
ent to be conspicuous to the unaided eye, no attempt being made to secure
specimens by filtration. The striking condition was the general scarcity
of alga?, especially along the lower part of the river.

For four or five miles in the neighboi-hood of Martinsville the shallow
parts of the river were choked with a growth of Chidophoni (/litmcrata Kg.
and Hiidrodictijon ntviculaium Roth. ; and large masses composed of spe-
cies of Oscillatoria, Desmids, and Diatoms were continually floating down
the river. This material had evidently been broken loose from where it had
grown further up the river or some of its tributaries, for it did not continue
in a growing condition but eventually broke up and disappeared. The
Cladophora gradually became less noticeable in the deeper water a few
miles below Martinsville and was afterwards seen only occasionally and
in small quantities. The Hydrodictyon was iai well-defined locations in
water that was comparatively quiet, and, although it was rapidly reproduc-
ing, and the young nets were seen floating even far below Spencer, it appar-
ently did not find suitable conditions for growth far below Martinsville.
Spirogyra, Mesocarpus, and Zygnema were found in small quantities in a
few places, but they were not fruiting and usually showed signs of disinte-
gration. Numerous species of Diatoms were present in the shallower
places all along the river.

*This survey was conducted by the Indiana State Board of Health Water Laboratory. To
State Water Chemist, Jay A. Craven, I am much indebted for some of the data and otlicr informa-
tion that have led to the publication of this paper.

108

The scarcity of algte can best he explained by cousideiing the nature
of the river itself. Along the lower part of the West Fork and the entire
course after the two branches unite the river follows a meandering course
through a loose, sandy soil; and, by a gradual process of cutting the bank
on one side and piling up sandbars on the other, it is continually clianging
its course. Then, along the straight parts of the stream the banks are
generally steep, and there is little shallow water. When we consider at
the same time that the current is comparatively swift, it is seen that only
when the river is at its lowest stage are conditions at all fa\-orable for the
growth of alga\ Moreover, the conditions just preceding these investiga-
tions had been the worst possible, for the exceptional flood of the preceding
spring had made such changes in the ri\er bed that several yenrs will be
required to bring the plant life of the stream back to a normal condition.

The abrupt disaiipea ranee of algal growth just below Martinsville was
accomi)anied by an improved sanitary condition of the water. These two
conditions were due. in part, to a series of long, deep stretches of (luiet
water which acted as septic basins for the polluted water and were also
loo deep for algx. It is probable, too, that the alg;e above these deep parts
aided materially in purifying the water by releasing large amounts of
(ix.\gcn which went into solution and hastened the putrefaction of organic
matter.

109

Aphanomyces phycophilus De Bary.

Paul Weatherwax.

While some experiments were beiug made with alyte about the first of
March, 1913. it was noticed that some Spirogyra that had been kept for ten
days in distilled water had been attacked l)y a fungus. Attention was at
once given to this parasite, which was rapidly destroying the alga. In
about a week it was producing oospores, thus making possible its identi-
fication as Aphanomyces phycophilus De Bary.

This fungus, which is one of the few parasitic forms of the Saprolegui-
ace*. was first described by De Bary in 1860, and as late as 1892 Hum-
;)h;ey * noted that it had not yet been reported from America. Since then,
as far as we have been able to learn, no one has mentioned finding it in
this country. **

It is clear that the plant is a parasite, and, in this instance, it seemed
confined to the one species of host. As well as could be determined from
the sterile filaments the host was Spirogyra duMa Kg. Scattered filaments
of other species of Spirogyra in the same vessel were not attacked, and all
attempts to inoculate other species failed.

The mycelium traverses the algal filament lengthwise, sometimes as a
single thread, liut more often as two, side by side. (Fig. 5.) Branches
may grow for some distance inside the filament of the alga, or they may at
once grow through the cell wall of the host and extend for some distance
into the water. Decomposition of the alga begins soon after the fungus
attacks it; the chloroplasts draw together into a mass and begin to decay,
and the cell walls break down.

The mycelium is regular in size and shape, sparingly branched and non-
septate except where reproducing. The diameter of the filaments is from
9 to 16 microns; the branches are usually as large as the main filaments.

* James Ellis Humphrey, The Saprolegniaceae of the United States.

** Since writing this article attention has been called to a set of unpublished drawings made by
Prof. D. M. Mottier, of an unidentified fungus that he found in 1893. These drawings and the loca-
tion in which the fungus was found indicate very clearly tliat it was the same species as the one
herein described.

110

Aplianoniyces phycopliiliis

Ill

The protoplasm in all parts of the plant is yra.v. and of a coarse, gran-
ular nature.

The mycelium evidently meets with some resistance in passing from
cell to cell of the host, for at these places it is often more or less knotted
or bent, always on the same side of the cell wall with reference to the direc-
tion of growth in the filament, as if it had not been able to penetrate the
cross wall immediately. (Fig. 6.) These penetrations of the cross wall
are seldom through the center, but usually far to one side of the filament.

The plant is described as producing zoospores in long slender sporangia,
but, in this case, no asexual spores of any kind were observed. Oospores,
however, were produced in abundance by the union of gametes which, in
no case, were found to arise from the same filament.

The sex oi'gans arise as the enlarged ends of short lateral liranches of
the mycelium and usually apply themselves to each other very early. (Fig.
1.) The oogonium innnediately develops rather large, conical projections
all over its surface. (Fig. 2.) The autheridium remains small, club-
shaped, and nearly transparent even to maturity.

The conjugating tube is formed when the oogonium is still young and
before all its oily content has been organized into the egg. (Fig. 3.) At
about this time the oogonium is cut off by a cross wall, but, to all appear-
ances, the autheridium remains continuous with the rest of the mycelium.

The mature oospore is about 36 microns in diameter ; the spines are
from .5 to 8 microns in length. (Fig 4.) The heavy w'all of the spore, 3
to 4 microns in thickness, is a very serviceable adaptation for enabling the
plant to live through conditions unfavorable for its growth.

The wi'iter is indel)ted to Professors Mottier and Van Hook for assist-
ance in indentifying this fungus and for valua1)le suggestions as to methods
vf studying it.

113

Inheritance of the Length of Life in Drosophila

ampelophila.

RoscoE R. Hyde.

1. Introduction.

I have been experimenting with two different strains of tlie fruit fly
that differ to a marked degree with respect to the length of life. The
first or Inbred stock lives an average of about 37 days. The second or
Truncate stock lives an average of about 21 days. In both stocks the aver-
age life of the male is somewhat longer than that of the female. It is the
purpose of this paper to show the behavior of the shortened length of life
of the Truncates in heredity. The evidence bears especially on the be-
havior of the Fi and I*\ generations that result from crossing the Inbred
and Truncate stocks. I shall also present evidence that boars on the ques-
tion as to whether or not any relation exists between the length of life and
the number of offspring produced by these flies.

The data upon which this paper is based grew out of a study of fertil-
ity and sterility in these strains. It was found necessary in connection with
these studies to keep a careful record of the length of life of the parents.
This paper is an analysis of that record. The data includes the record
of 898 individuals that were lu'ed in pairs from September, 1911, to April
1913.

The flies were in all cases used as the parents of the next generation
and consequently bred in pairs. Accordingly a male and a female were in
each case exposed to exactly the same environmental conditions. It is not
to be overlooked that the flies live for several weeks, and since the pairs
were constantly being made up the environmental influences would be
practically constant. I made it a rule to transfer these flies to new l)Ottles
every ten days. It is necessary to transfer the parents more frequently
in very warm weathei", since offspring will hatch which cannot be distin-
guished from the parents.* As a matter of fact it is safe to say that in

* I have had Drosophila ampelophila to complete development from the egg to a fully formed fly
within seven days at Woods Hole, Mass.. in July, 1113.

8—1019

114

those experiments not more than 15 per cent, of the transfers were made
before the tenth day. A census ^^■as taken of the parents practically every
day. In a few cases five days may have elapsed before a record was
entered. In case a fly was dead the sex was noted and recorded.

This record, then, includes the length of life of the relatively long-lived
Inbred stock ; the short-lived Ti-uncate stock ; tlie liybrid offspring between
the two stocks and the life of tlie grandchildren.

2. Analysis or the Data.

The curves which follow are plotted from the life records of 898 flies
which are recorded in Part I and Part II of my Studies on "'Fertility and
Sterility in Drosophila (uiipelopliihi."* The length of life is expressed in
days and is indicated by the abscissa, while the number of individuals is
in each case expressed by the ordinate.

Curve A shows the distrilyution of the mortality of the Inbred stock.
The curve is drawn from the records of 1'.>1 individuals. The average life
of this lot is 37.4 days. The 94 males lived an average of 40.5 days; 97
females lived an average of 34.5 days. The males lived sis days longer than
the females.

Curve B shows the distribution of mortality of the 272 Truncates, the
average life of which was 21.4 days. The 9(i males averaged 2G.9 days; the
176 females 18.5 days. The males of this stock lived 8.4 days longer than
the females. It is to be noted that the flies of this stock live approximately
lialf as long as those of the Inbred stock.

The hybrid that results from crossing the Truncate aiad Inbred stocks
lives longer than either parent, as is brought out in curve C. For, while
the jtarents live 21.4 and 37.4, I'espectively, the offsiu-ing from the cross live
47 days. This record is based on 42 flies. Thirteen males lived 47.8 days,
while 29 females lived 46.4 days. The datn is too small to base any .safe
conclusion in regard to any difference that may exist in the length of life
between the male and the female. That the hybrid lives longer than either
l)arent is also liorne out by ciirNc (", where a partial record is given
of 218 flies, 'i'lic cxiieriniciit was discoiitiniu'd after tliirty days, at
the end of which time it was found tliat only 19 per cent, of the flies had
died. The mortality in this case corresponds f.-iirly well with the mortality
in the case as shown in tlic cnrvc (". in wliich seven in 12 died within the
first thirty day.s, a nnnfality of 11 per cent.

■Journal of lOxpcriiiiunlal Zooloiry, 1911. \<.l. WII. Xos. 1 and 2.

115

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A study of curves D and E shows that the shortened length of life of
the Truncates reappears again, and this is true whether the grandchildren
have descended from the Truncate male or Truncate female. The 128 flies
descended from the Truncate grandmother lived an average of 29.5 days.
The 66 males lived 32.8 days, while 62 females lived 25.9 days. The 8!)
flies that descended from the Truncate grandfather lived an average of
29.3 days. There were 45 males which lived 31.1 days, while 44 females
lived 27.8 days.

3. Discussion.

The foregoing data brings out the fact that when the Truncate stock
with an average life of 21.4 is crossed to the Inbred stock with an average
life of 37.4 days, the hybrid that results lives 47 days. If the complex of
factors or whatever concerned upon which the length of life in these flies
depends, behaves anything like Mendelian characters in the sense that segre-
gation and recombination takes place, then we should expect the shortened
length of life of the Truncates to reappear among the grandchildren. A
study of the curves verities the expectation, for the grandchildren live
an average of only 29.5 days.

A studj' of the curves will show in each case three modes which corre-
spond with three periods of the greatest mortality. The meaning of such
a phenomenon is obscure, and had the experiment not extended over a long
period of time I would be Inclined to doubt its reality. There is a possi-
bility, however, that these depression periods correspond with tlie outjiut
of the sex products. My experience in isolating eggs day by day laid by
over 200 females seems to indicate that the eggs are laid in cycles — that is.
a female begins to lay eg.^s when two or three days old. Iler egg production
gradually lises to a maximum, and then it declines almost to zero. In fact
she may cease to lay eggs for a day or two and then a new cycle begins
which runs tiie same course, and tbis in turn is followed by a third, in
the period when the female ceases to lay eggs she is most likely to die.
However, if a female survives such a period at the clo.se of the third cycle
she will as a rule live to a ripe old age, depositing a few eggs occasionally.
It is barely possible that these mortality iieriods correspond to the depres-
sion periods in the egg-laying cycles. It must be admitted however, that
critical evidence is h;ird to oI»tain, since the egg production seems to be
influenced by several fjictoi-s. Moreover it is not (nident that such an
explanation applies to the male.

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4. Length of Life and Prodi ctivity.

I shall here analyze the data with respect to the productivity of these
stocks as determined by breeding in pairs. It is oljvious that if a female
that would give rise to a large number of offspring should for some reason
meet premature death, there would be a correlation between the length of
life and the number of offspi'ing produced. The problem, however, is more
complicated. In the case of the Truncates it is not evident just how much
such a factor as the shortened length of life enters into the results, for I
have been able to show that this stock is deficient not only in egg produc-
tion, but also that marked ineonipatil)ility exists between egg and sperm.

Li the following curves. F. (i. II, 1. evidence is brought together that
shows the productivity of the F. Truncates. G. The Inbred. H. The
Hybrid that results from crossing F and (i ; and I. The F^ generation that
results from crossing F and (i.

In these curves vertical distances express the number of pairs, while
horizontal distances express the number of offspring produced. A glance at
Curve H, which gives tlio productivity of the liyl)rids \\l;cn the individuals
expressed by curves F and (J are crossed, moves decidedly to the right.
This is evident despite the fact that the experiment was discontinued at
the end of thirty days. Curve I exjiresss tlie output of the F^; gen-
eration. It is evident that tlie low production of the Truncates reap-
pears among the grandchildren.

This evidence goes to show that the complex upon which i)roductivity
depends is inherited in the sense that low productivity skips a generation
when cros.sed into a high producing strain. In fact the productivity of the
hybrid fly is greater than the productivity of both parents combined. I
have demonstriited in previous studies that the increased productivity on
the part of the hybrid is not due in this case to the increased fertilizing
power of the gametes beyond that of the highest iiroducing stock, but is
due to a greatly uicreased output of eggs.

As a matter of fact the f(>rtilizing power of the gametes of the hybrid
{inter sc) is lower than the fertilizing power of the gametes of the high-
producing parent. It is e\ ident tlial the low productivity of the Trini-
cate reajipears in the 1"\. general ion and that this holds true in both
the cross and its reciprocal.

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"). General Discussion.

The following is olTered by way of explanation of the foregoing facts.
Let it be assumed that the complex upon which the length of life of the
wild fly depends is expressed by the formula AB. The Truncate stock
arose as a mutation from the wild stock and possibly some factor has
changed to a. Consequently its formula would be aB. The inbred stock
had been in captivity for some time, and it is possible that the B had
changed to b. Its formula would be Ab. On crossing these two stocks a
hybrid would result, the formula for which is abAB. Consequently in the
hybrid, normal conditions are restored, and a fly results that lives longer
than either parent. The same explanation holds in the case of the
increased egg production to be seen in the hybrid. If this is true we
should expect to find wild stocks that live about fifty days and with high
egg production and high fertilizing power of the gametes combined. They
should be very high producers. The number of factors, however, is not
looked upon to be as simple as the formula would seem to indicate. In-
stead of two factors as the formula shows, there may be many hundreds,
but the principle is the same. The things lost or changed in the germ
plasm of one stock are compensated in the hybrid by the factors trans-
mitted liy the other stock, and thus normal conditions are restored.

6. Conclusions.

1. Hybrids between the Truncate stock and the Inbred stock are
more vigorous than either parent as shown by the fact that the hybrid
lives 47 days while the parents live 21.4 and 37.4 days respectively.

2. The flies from the Truncate stock live 21.4 days. The females
live 18.4 while the males live 26.4 days.

3. The flies from the Inbred stock live 37.4 days. The females live
34.5 days while the males live 40.5 days.

4. The shortened length of life of the Truncate stock reappears
among the grandchildren after skipping a generation when crossed to
the Inbred stock. The grandchildren lived an average of 29.5 days.
Those descended from Ihc Trnucate grandmother lived 2!)..^ days. The
males lived 32.8 days and the females lived 25.9 days. The flies de-
scende<l from the Truncate grandfather lived 29.3 days. The males lived
.".1.1 (l;i.\s, wliilc I lie females lived 27. .'l da vs.

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5. It seems not improbable that the length of life and the (-(tming to
matui'it.v of the germ cells may be in some way physiologically connected.

(i. The low ])roductivity (»f the Trnncate skijis a generation when
crossed to a liiL>:li-pi-odncii>g strain and reappears in tlie F. generation. !l
is ditlicult to correlate the length of life in these sti'ains with the number
of offsitriug prtMluced, because it is evident Iroui my other studies that
the fertilizing power of the gametes as well as egg prodiution are involved
as variable factors in in-oductivity.

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12o

The Germination of Seeds of Aris^ma.

F. L. Pickett.

The conns of Ariscemd tiiiiJn/Uinn .srowii for the study of form and
development showed great variation in size, and there was a seeming dis-
crepancy l)etween the number of leaves above ground and tlie number of
corms foimd in the soil after the leaves had withered. Following these
observations arrangements were made to check up carefully the points
suggested.

On December 26, 1912, 900 seeds of Ariscema triphyllum were planted
in rich, loose loam in largo clay flower pots and subsequently subjected to
three sets of conditions as noted below. As leaves appeared above the
soil they were coiuited, one to three times per week, until no more ap-
peared, and a record kept for comparison with the number of corms found
after the growing season was over. In every case the seeds were care-
fully washed from the fruit pulp before planting, and when planted were
covered with sandy loam to a depth of 2 cm., this being ai)proximately
the condition in natural planting.

One bunch of 300 seeds was placed in the greenhouse at a tempera-
ture of 75 to 80 deg. Fahr. immediately after planting. From this plant-
ing 208 leaves appeared between January 15 and March 19, 1913. No
leaves appeared after the last date.

A second bunch of 300 seeds planted as the first, was left in the green-
house vestibule at a temperature of 50 to 60° Fahr. From this planting
226 leaves appeared between February 19 and April 25, 1913. No leaves
appeared after the last date.

A third bunch of 300 seeds, planted as the first, was placed in a cold
frame until March 13, 1913, where the temperature fell slightly below the
freezing point, and was tlien removed to the greenhouse. From this plant-
ing 209 leaves appeared.

In the summer of 1913 when the leaves of the cultures were dead the
corms were carefully removed and counted. The number of corms and
the number of leaves from each culture are given below.

126

Lot No. 1 showed 200 conns. I'dS leaves, i. e., 52 "blind" conns. Total
germination S6.G per cent.

Lot No. 2 sliowed 24(; coinis. 226 leaves, i. e.. 20 'blind" cornis. Total
germination 83 per cent.

Lot No. o sbowed 2(n conns. 2(iO leaves, i. e., ~\'l "blind" conns. Total
germination 87 per cent.

It is not the purpose of this paper to discuss the variations which
mny l»e due to different temper;) ture conditions, but merely to show the
hi^h percentage of germiuation and to indicate the fact that some seeds
gernnnnle "blindly," that is, the embryo grows, a corni and roots arc-
produced, and food is transferred from seed to corm without the forma-
tion of leaves or other photosynthetie organ. At the end of the growing
season the connection with the seed is l)roken off, leaving the new plant
hidependent.

A glance at the conns from these cultures at once suggests a differ-
ence in their food supply and growth. Some are three to six times as
large as others. While the numbers of large and small corms are not
exactly the same as the numbers of leafy and leafless plants, they are
nearly enough so to suggest a relation.

A sinular set of experiments was arranged in which seeds ot Arixdittd
Dracoiifiinii were used. The seeds were prejiared and ])lanted December
2Ci, 1i)12. the same as in the case of .1. trijili iiUiini. Lot No. 1 was left
in the miiin room of the greenhouse, and showed, between February (! and
•March 8. Jin.'J, eight leaves. On .lane 10. 200 cornis and 24 seenungly good
seeds were removed.

Lot No. 2 was left in the cold-frame from December 26 to March
1"» and then removed to the greenhouse. This culturi' showed eleven
leaves between Ajiril .". and Ajiril 2-". On Jnne 20, 171> conns and one
sound seed were remoxcd.

Lot No. ." was left in the gi-eenhouse vestibide until .March 12, and
then removed to the '^reenbonse. Itetwceii April 2". and .lunc 20 fonr leaves
appeared, and on the last date LsT corms were removed. These results
arc tabulated below.

Lot No. L .•'.00 seeds, 8 leaves (2.66 per cent.). 279 (03 per cent.)
coi'nis and \iable seeds.

Lot No. s. I'OP seeds, 11 leaves (i;.!! per cent.), LSO (00 per ceid.)
cornis and viable seeds.

127

Lot No. 3. 200 seeds, 4 leaves (2 per cent), 187 (93.5 per cent.)
corms and viable seeds.

These corms have been replanted and their further development will
be reported later.

Because of the "blind" germination seeming to be the normal thing
with A. Drdciiiifiuiii. a Itrief ai-connt will be given.

/^'/

Tlie Germination of Seeds of Arisaema.

One to five seeds are borne in each berry of the aggregate fruit. Each
seed is two to three niilliuieters \\ide and three to four millimeters long,
and is composed of a hard testa covering a flinty gelatinous endosperm, in
which is lmbe<lded the almost straight, cylindrical embryo. Fig. 1. Under

128

proper conditions the seed .absorbs water and the embryo lengthens by
growth both above and below the plumule. The growth of the cotyledon-
ary petiole is more rapid than that of the radicle, so that the radicle,
with the i)huuule, is soon pushed outside the seed coat. The cotyle-
donary petiole reacts to the stimulus of gravity so that the radicle is soon
directed downward, Fig. 2. The one cotyledon remains inside the seed as
an absorbing agent. Fig. 4. The radicle grows down rapidly to form a
primary root. Later one or two other roots may be formed. Immediately
after the establishment of a root system or water absorbing system, the
portion just below tlie plumule becomes enlarged by the storage of food
stuff transferred from the endosperm of the old seed, Figs. 3 and 4.

In case the germination is complete, the formation of a root system is
followed by the growtli of the single simple leaf up from the plumule,
through the cotyledonary petiole to the light. Fig. 6. Usually, however,
only scales are formed around the bud. In either case, when the food
material has been absorbed, the tissues connecting seed and seedling
shrivel up, leaving the young plant independent. After a period of about
eight weeks from the beginning of germination the corms will be found
free from the seed and with the roots detached and broken down, all
ready for a period of rest, Fig. 5.

It may be of interest to note that 1. Unicontiiiiii gives other evidence
of incomplete response to seasonal changes. iHiring the sunuuer of VdVA
the corms of a considerable colony were dug up Idr experimental pur-
poses. Although these corms were scattered in the soil but a few inches
apart, and some had shown very vigorous growth of stem and leaves,
about lialf of them had made no start toward growth. The conditions
were certainly the same for all individuals of the colony, and were good,
as shown by the growth just mentioned. Whether this ])lant is subject
to definite periodicity recpiiring more than the usual rest season, or is
controlled by some as yet unconsidered influence, can only be left a
question.

129

Studies of Camptosorus rhizophyllus, an abstract

OF The Development of the Prothallium of

Camptosorus rhizophyllus,* and The

Resistance of the Prothallia of

Camptosorus rhizophyllus

TO Desiccation. t

F. L. Pickett.

As is well known the Walking Fern, Camptosorus rhisophyllus, is
found chiefly on rocky ledges in more or less shaded places, whei'e the
water supply is irregular and slight at all times. The colonies in the
neighborhood of Bloomington, Ind., have abundant water supply only at
times of heavy rain and of course enjoy such supplies for but brief periods.
The fact that this fern could not only withstand the many longer or
shorter periods of drought but could multiply in the regular way under
such conditions suggested the probability of some special structural or
physiological adajitation. Tlie scheme for vegetative increase by means of
stoloniferous leaves is well known and gives the plant its specific name.
But the presence of many small plants which could not have had such
origin and so must have been produced through the production of the
prothallial or sexual stage, along with the fact that the prothallia of
many of our ferns cannot survive the lack of a normal supply of moisture
for more than a few hours, suggested another possible adaptation as well
as a point of attacking the problem.

Cultures were made of sowing sjioies t)U sterilized soil in clay saucers
protected under bell jars. Both the peculiarities of form and the resist-
ance to desiccation were studied.

The following iDeculiarities of form and development liave l)een noted.
The development of a plate of cells is not uniform, beginning sometimes
Immediately after the germination of the spore and at other times not

*Bot. Gaz., 57 : 228-238, Mar., 1914.

tBull. Torr. Bot. Club, 40: 641-645, Nov., 1913.

0—1010

130

until a protonemal thread of two to five cells has been formed. The differ-
entiation of an apical cell or group is late and irregular, resulting in un-
symmetrical growth. The marginal cells show unvisual growth, produc-
ing vai'iously formed outgrowths, sometimes bearing autheridia and oc-
casionally producing extra growing regions which may e\'en become inde-
pendent proliferations.

With reference to drought resistance the following facts lune been
noted : Allowing a culture to become dry for one or two days in the normal
air of the greenhouse seems in no way to injure the plants beyond checlc-
ing growth during the dry period. One culture left in dry air with slight
additions of water once a week showed nearly all tlu^ prothallia alive and
in good condition after a period of three months. The major jiart of the
plants of another culture are in good shape and have produced a number
of sporoi>hytes although subjected to such irregular moisture conditions
for a period of nine months. In a culture receiving only air which had
been dried by i>assing through, pure glycerine, most of the prothallia were
in good condition after four u'eeks and a few survived such treatment for
a period of six weeks.

In conclusion, the two specially important adaptive features are, the
unusual power of promiscuous growth of prothallial cells, and the ability
to resist extreme desiccation in intermittent periods.

131

Irish Potato Scab (Oospora scabies) as Affected by

Fertilizers Containing Sulphates and

Chlorides.

S. D. Conner.

In the spring of 1911 a pot experiment with Irish potatoes was started
at the Purdue Experiment Station by the autlior. It was the intention to
investigate the composition and quality of potatoes grown in several types
of soil with different fertilizers, the ordinary silt loam of the station farm
being the principal soil used. Peat and sandy soils were also used, as
well as eight pots containing pure silica sand. The principal fertilizers
studied were sulphate of itotash and chloride of iiotash. Two varieties of
potatoes were used, Early Ohio, one of the best early varieties, and
Carmen No. 3, a good late variety.

The exi)eriment was not planned to cover an investigation of potato
scab, although this development of the research may be one of the most
significant features noted. The seed potatoes planted the first, year did
not show any scabbiness and no attempt was made to prevent it. When
the potatoes were harvested, however, it was seen that formalin should
have been used, as the crop was badly affected by the sc-ab fnngiis Oospora
scabies. The scab was very much worse in the brown peat than in the
other soils, as will be seen from Fig I. There was also a slightly greater
amount of scab in the pots where chloride of potash was used than there
was where sulphate was used, the unfertilized pots being affected the
worst of all. In 1912, to prevent scab the seed potatoes were all treated
with formalin and one-half the pots, which are in duplicate, were given
an application of flowers of sulphur, which is a treatment that has been
reported as a success by certain investigators.* No great differences as to
scabbiness were seen in the crop of 1912, and photographs were not taken.

In 1913 the seed potatoes were again treated with formalin, Ijut no
sulphur was added. When the potatoes were harvested this year a sur-

* B. D. Halsted, Bui. 112, N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta.; also Bui. 120 N. J. Exp. Sta.

132

t1HSllP01*Tn»C»b v: rn ■ KU t<fj~ itj\i. •■vDtiOTRlJ'
IOA»t401L 5AN1M«0II. MCCK »VU»

P eOOWN ILAS"

10 Ffi«TlUtil-«

SLuOl); \t ID P M O ..
SUUiATL P>rA3H

1. 30U. «S1 i> P tlO J.

FifS. I. Potatoes Grown in Pots, 1911. \'arious Soils and Fertilizers Affecting Scab

•i'i. II. I'ota((>es Grown in I'ols, lOi:!. I.oam .Soil. \ery Little Scab. See Table I, for Tiealiiienl .

133

Fig. III. Potatoes Grown in Pots, lOl.'i. Peat Soil. See Table I, for Treatment Affecting Scab.

Fig. IV. Potatoes Grown in Pot.s, 191.3. Sandy Soil. See Table I, for Treatment Affecting Scab.

134

prisingly large aiiKiuiit of scab was noted. The soil, the treatment, and
the approximate percentage of scabbiness are given in Table I and photo-
graphs of the early' ijjota toes are shown in Figs. II, III, and IV.

As the seed potato;,6^ had been treated it is evident that the scab spores
had lived over the winter in the pots which were left out in the ground.
It appears that very little scab bad snr^•ived the climate and soil condi
tions in the loam soil, while in the soils of more open texture such as
peat and sand, the spores bad been able to survive.

The unfertilized soils in most cases are affected to the greatest extent.
In every case flowers of sulphur, which had been applied in 1912, has had
a deterrent eft'ect in the development of scab. In the fertilizer .treatment
sulphates have kept the scab down while the chloride has apparently en-
couraged it.

The variations noted in the amount of scab on the potatoes grown in
silica sand merit special attention, as in these pots all factors except soil
treatment have been eliminated and there ai"e four pots which have not
had chloride in any form either in the original sand (the soils all have
more or less chlorine naturally) or in any treatment. The sulphur factor
was more nearly controlled in these pots than in the soil pots as di-calcic
phosphate was used in 1913 in place of acid iibospbate. Acid ph(is]ibate
which contains more or less calcium sulphate w.ms used in all soil pi)ts
that were fertilized; it was also used the first season in Ibc silica sand
pots, and it was necessary that son>e suljihate should be added as a plant
food. The treatment of each pot and the amount of scab on the potatoes
grown in silica are shown in Table II. Fig. V is a photographic reproduc-
tion of all the potatoes grown in the silica pots in 1913. It will be noted
from the accompanying table and illustrations tliat snlplnir li;is bad a
marked influence in reducing scab, but that sulphates ha\-e not. On the
other hand, wherever chloride lias Ijeen added eillier with or without sul-
phates very much scab was always present. This seems to indicate that
chlorides are needed in the development of the scab fungus. The fact
that chlorides are present in (piite large amounts in soils, especially those
near tlu; sea coast, may accoinit for the fact that chlorides have not been
found to increase scab in experiments where such (>rfects were note<l.*

•II. J. Wheeler and G. M. TikIot, I?u1. 4(1, l{. I. I'.xp. St:i.: .-ilso C. I-:. Sicme, I'Olli Ann. Hep.
Mau. Agr. Kxp. Su., lilOS.

135

Fig. V. Potatoes Grown in Pots, 1913. Silica Sand. See Table 11, or Treatments Affecting Scab.

136

TABLE I.

Potato Scab (Oospora Scabies) Pot Cultures, 1913.

Kind of Soil.

Treatment of Soil.

Early Ohio Variety.

Carmen No. 3 Variety.

Pot No.

Per Cent,
of Scab.

Pot No.

Per Cent,
of Scab.

17
18
19
23
24
25

1
1
1
3

1
1

20
21
22
26
27
28

0

N P KsSOi

0

Silt

NP KCl

2

Loam.

None sulfur

NPK.SO, sulfur

NPKCl sulfur

1
0
1

Brown
Peat.

None sulfur

NPKoSO, sulfur

NP KCl sulfur

29
30
31

60
15
25

32
33
34

5

10
15

Black
Peat.

None sulfur

NP K-SO. sulfur

NPKCl sulfur

55
56
57

50
15

58
59
60

1
3
5

None

35
336
37
41
42
43

80
65
75
28
20
24

38
39
40
44
45
46

30

N P K2SO,

50

Sandy
Soil.

N P KCl

50

None sulfur

N PK-SO, sulfur

NPKCl sulfur

3
3
5

N = 7 gr. dried blood + 6.7 gr. nitrat soda per pot.

P = 12.8 gr. acid phosphate per pot.

KsSO) = 3.6 gr. sulphate of potash per pot.

K CI = 3.6 gr. chloride of potash per pot.

Sulfur = 8 gr. sulfur per pot .

Per cent, of scab is an approximation of the surface ol the tubers aO'ecti

TABLE II.

Potato Scab (Oospora Scabies) in Silica S\nd Pot Cultures.

137

Treatment of Soil

NPKzSO,

NPKCl

NPK2SO, + Na.SO,

NPK2SO. + NaCl

N P K.SOj + sulfur

XPKC1 + sulfur

N P K2SO, + NajSO, + sulfur.
N P K2SO4 + NaCl + sulfur. . .

Pot No.

Per Cent,
of Scab.

N = 7 gr. dried blood plus 6.7 gr. nitrate soda per pot.

P = 5.1 gr. di-calcic phosphate per pot.

KjSO) = 3.6 gr. sulfate of potash per pot.

KCl = .3.6 gr. chloride of potash per pot.

Na2S04 = 3.4 gr. sulfate of soda per pot.

NaCl = 2.8 gr. chloride of soda per pot.

Sulfur = 8 gr. per pot or approximately 360 lbs. per acre.

All pots had a treatment of 100 gr. calcium carbonate per pot.

Early Ohio potatoe'^ treated with formalin were planted.

139

Wabash Studies. V. A Topographic Map of the
Terre Haute Area.

Charles R. Dryer.

The west sheet, c<)^■el•ing an area about five miles square, was pre-
sented to the Academy iu 1909 and a poor photographic copy of it was
published in the Proceedings for that year. The east sheet, covering an
area six by seven miles, is now completed. The two sheets cover a strip
five to six miles wide north and south and twelve miles long east and
west extending across the Wabash valley. The original draught and trac-
ing are on a scale of six inches t(j the mile and tlie contour intervals are
hve, ten and twenty feet, according to the relief. The datum planes used
for the west sheet were the levels of the "\"andalia and Big Four railroads.
After that was completed the United States Geological Survey establislied
bench marks in the area which were used for the east sheet, although
found to be o.ti.j feet above those of the west sheet.

On the east sheet levels were run with a dumpy level along east-west
lines one mile apart and the intervening spaces were filled in with a hand
level used on a staff. The levels of the city engineer's office reduced to
U. S. G. S. (latum, were used v.iierevfr availal)le. The work was all done
by students of the Department of Geography and Geology of the Indiana
State Normal School. In all aI)out forty different persons worked upon it
during periods varying from six weeks to thirty-six weeks each. Of
these Melvin K. Davis and Garl H. Barker became the most pi'oficient, and
to them was assigned the plotting and final draft of the map.

The map is not good enough for sewer, drainage or hydraulic work,
but would be of some value for highway and railroad location. For geo-
graphic and geological purposes it is far better than none. Its final dis-
placement by a better one will not destroy the values of the experience
obtained by its makers or the facility it alfords for general field work.

141

Center of Area and Center of Population of

Indiana.

W. A. COGSHALL.

The center of area and the center of population for the State of Indi-
ana were determined hitely for the Board of State Charities. The pro-
cess in the determination of tlie center of area was to draw two lines at
right angles across as good a map of the State as could be found, the in-
tersection falling at tlie estimated center. The areas of the north and
soutli sections were then measured with a planimeter and tlie east and
west lines shifted till the two measured the same. Tlie areas on each side
for north and south line were treated in the same manner and the result
checked by measurement on several different maps. The intersection of
these lines is near the village of Traders Point, in I'ike Township. Marion
County.

The center of population is really a problem in center of gravity. It
is not a point al>out which the population is equally distrilmted, but a
point such that if a map of the State were loaded in proportion to the
population of each locality, the map could be supported by that point
and would balance. The population of any one locality is therefore only
one factor in determining the location of the center, the other factor being
the distance of such locality from the center.

In this determination the statistics used were supplied liy Mr. Butler
and consisted of the itopulation of each township of each county. I as-
sumed that the population would be evenly distributed over the township
in the cases where no towns existed. AVliere a township had a large part
of its population concentrated in a town, I estimated the center of gravity
of the township accordingly. The distance of these township centers from
it pair of arbitrary east-and-west, and north-and-south lines was measured
on a large scale map. The solution for the center of gravity gave the
distance of such center from the intersection of the arbitrary lines. This

142

intersectiou was eleven miles north of Lebanon and the corrections found
as the result of the computation placed the real center of population in
K;i,i,'le Townsliiii. Boone County, about U miles southwest of the Station
of Zionsville.

It is a remarkable fact tluit the centers of area and jiopulation are so
close together.

143

The Shrinkage of Photographic Paper.

R. R. Ramsey.

In mounting some spectrograph prints I was very much chagrined to
find that they were at different lengths, as if they liad heen taken on
different spec-tograiihs. These prints had been printed on developing paper,
developed, washed, dried and then soaked and mounted wet. It had
happened that the paper used came in quite large sheets and in cutting
down to size it was economical to cut some pieces lengthwise of the paper,
while other pieces were cut crosswise. Several prints were made and
tlie best were selected for mounting. In this chance selection some were
lengthwise and others were crosswise of the paper. The expansion and
contraction in the process of developing and wasJiing was different in the
different directions and it was necessary to make a new set of prints,
care being taken to have the paper all cut the same way. The mounting
was done before drying, to prevent excessive expansion.

I thought it might be of interest to experiment with several brands
of paper to determine if this fault was found in ail brands of paper or
in this particular brand alone.

An SxlO-inch plate was exjiosed to sunlight and then developed, giv-
ing a very dense fllm. On the edges millimeter scales wore ruled with the
dividing engine. A space of 20 centimeters was ruled on the long edge
and a 15 centimeter space on the short edge of the plate. Thus by print-
ing and developing I had a photograph of the scale, and measurement
would give the amount of shrinkai::(> or ex])ansion. Five different papers
were used. All w^ere printed, developed, fixed, and washed in the usual
manner. After washing, a sample of each brand was mounted on card-
board. The others were stucli back side to glass and allowed to dry.
When dried measurements were taken of the length and breadth. Then
samples of each brand were selected from the unmounted photographs,
soaked in water and mounted on cardboard. After drying, these were
also measured.

144

The accompanying table will give the results:

Paper.

Dried on Glass.

Mounted Wet on
Cardboard.

Dried, Soaked and Mounted
Wet on Cardboard.

Length.

Breadth.

Length.

Breadth.

Length.

Breadth.

Darko-Matt

Velox C

—.55%
— 32%

-.51%

— .45%

— .31%
—.18%

— .23%

2.3%

.52%

1.6%

1.8%
.28%

.23%
1.4%

.3%

.3%

1.5%

2.6%

.8%

1.9%

2.1%

.52%

.5%

1.8%

Velox S

-.2%

-.075%

-.06%

.7%

AzoC

.66%

AzoE

1.8%

The results show that all brjinds act very mui-h alike. When dried
on glass there is a tritle slirinkage. Tlie mounted irii()tograi)hs show con-
sideralile expansion and in every case a larger amount in one direction
than in the other. In some cases the per cent, of expansion is ten times
tliat in tile other direction.

145

AcYL Derivatives of 0 Aminophenol.

J. H. Ransom and R. E. Nelson.

In an extontled piece of work published some years ago the senior author
(Anier. Cheni. Journ., 23, 1) foimd that when o-nitro phenylethylcarbonate
was reduced with tin and hydrochloric acid a urethane was obtained, soluble
in alkalis and evidently having the carbethoxy group attached to nitrogen.
By modifying the conditions he was able to isolate an isomeric basic material
in which the carbethoxy group was attached to oxygen. On standing this
rapidly changed to the urethane. The same urethane was obtained on treat-
ing o-aminophenol, in ether solution, with chlorcarbonicethylether. A similar
rearrangement occurs when o-nitro phenyl benzoate is reduced in acid solution
(Bottscher, Ann. Chem. Pharm., 210, 384). In determining the constitution
of the oxyphenyl urethane Ransom made the diacyl derivative by using ben-
zoyl chlor'ide in alkaline solution. He also foimd that the same substance
was produced when Bottscher' s benzoyl o-aminophenol was treated with chlor-
carbonicethylether in alkaline solution. In both cases saponification gave
benzoic acid and oxyphenylurethane, indicating that in the latter case a
molecular rearrangement of the diacyl derivative had occurred, so as to leave
the lighter group attached to nitrogen. Other diacyl derivatives of o-amino-
phenol were made and in every case the lighter group was found attached to
the amide nitrogen. If one of the amide hydrogens is first replaced by a
hydrocarbon radical no rearrangement occurs, but isomeric substances are
formed when the acyl groups are introduced in reverse order. The same is
true when the amide and hydroxyl groups are in the meta or para position to
each other.

It seemed desirable to determine whether the carboxylester group would
become attached to nitrogen in the presence of a carbonyl group already
attached to the same nitrogen; also whether of two carboxyl groups intro-
duced the lighter one would go to the nitrogen. Finally it seemed of interest
to determine if rearrangement would occur in case the radicals introduced
were nearly of the same weight. If the reairangement did not occur or pro-
ceeded more slowly than the others it was thought there would be a chance
of studying more thoroughly the inechanism of the rearrangement.
10—1019

146

OXYPHENYLISOAMYLURETHANE.

( )-ainiii()i)lieiu)l was i)repared by the reduction of the nitroplieiiol. 'I'wo
grams of this were suspended in ether and the calculated amount (2 mol.) of
chlorcarbonicisoamylether slowly added. The hydrochloride of one molecule
of the aminophenol precipitated. After filtering, the ether solution was
ev^aporated, leaving about two grams of a solid. It crystallized from ligroin
in white needles melting at 68.5°-69.5°. It is insoluble in cold water and
acids, but is sparingly soluble in hot water and very soluble in cliloroform,
benzol, alcohol and ether. It is also cjuite soluble in dilute alkalis and from
this solution is precipitated by acids thus showing its acid character.

The same substance was also produced by the reduction, with tin and
acids, of o-nitrophenylisoamylcarbonate made by Ransom's method [loc.
cit.). The melting point was the same, and a mixture of the two had the
same melting point as either.

Another sample of the nitroisoamylcarbonate was reduced, but as soon
as the action was complete the product was thrown into a concentrated (1:1)
solution of potassium hydro.xide kept cold in a freezing mixture. This solu-
tion was quickly extracted with ether and the ether solution dried with solid
potassium hydroxide. When dry the ether solution was saturated with dry
hydrochloric acid gas. A voluminous white precipitate separated which was
filtered out and quickly dried on a porous plate in a desiccator. The melting
point was 133°-134° and the substance was quite soluble in cold water and
acids, but alkalis precipitated an oil from the mixture. A small amount of
this was dissolved in warm water and allowed to stand. Soon an oil separated
which was extracted with ether. On evaporating the ether a solid remained
which was soluble in alkalis and had all the properties of the uicthanc de-
scribed above. Evidently the substance melting at 133° was the hydrochlor-
ide of o-aminophenylisoamylcarbonate which changed to the urethane on
being warmed with water. In tlic dry condition the iiydrocliloride is
moderately stabl(>.

BENZOYL O-OXYPHENYLISO.VMYLURETHANE.

One and five-tenths grams of the o\yph(>nylisoaniylurethane were dis-
solved in a slight excess of a 10 per cent, solution of potassium hydroxide,
and to this was added O.S grams (one mol.) of l)enzoyl chloride. Slowly a
brown oil separated which solidified in an ice box. .\fter extracting with
ct hcc and rcci-yst alii zing scxci'al times from dihite alcoliol white needle sliajx'd

147

crystals were obtained which melted at 64°-65.5°. It is insoluble in water,
dilute acids and alkalis, but soluble in ether, chloroform, benzol, and alcohol.
0.2591 grams gave 10 c. c. of nitrogen at 22.5° and 748 mm. pressure. This is
equivalent to 4.39 per cent nitrogen. Calculated for C19H21NO4 equals 4.28
per cent.

To one gram of this diacyl derivative 2 c. c. of a 10 per cent, solution of
alcoholic potash were added. Saponification began at once and when all
had passed into solution it was acidified and extracted with ether. The
ether solution was washed with a solution of sodium bicarbonate and the
ether evaporated. The residue after recrystallization from ligroin melted at
68.5°-69.5°, and when mixed with the urethane having the same melting point
no depression of melting point was observed. From the sodium bicarbonate
solution, on acidifying, benzoic acid se])arated and was identified in the usual
way. The result indicates that the benzoyl group was attached to oxygen.

ACTION OF CHLORCARBONICISO.^MYLETHER ON BENZOYL O-AMINOPHENOL.

Benzoyl o-aminophenol was prepared following the method of Ransom.
Two grams of this were dissolved in excess of a 10 per cent, solution of potas-
sium hydroxide and 1.6 grams of chlorcarbonicisoamyl ether slowly added.
On shaking, an oil slowly separated and this was extracted with ether. From
the ether an oily residue was obtained which after several recrystallizations
from alcohol formed a white solid melting at 64°-65.5°. A mixture with the
supposed isomer had the same melting point. Saponification resulted in the
production of benzoic acid and the urethane (m. p. 64°-65.5°). Evidently the
benzoyl group in this, as in the former case, is attached to oxygen and must
have shifted from its original attachment to nitrogen.

ACTION OF CHLORCARBONICETHYLETHER ON OXYPHENYLISOAM YLURETHANE.

One and one-fourth grams of oxyphenylisoamylurethane were dissolved
in 4 c. c. of a 10 per cent, solution of potassium hydroxide and to this was
added 0.7 grams of chlorcarbonicethylether. A heavy red oil separated.
This was extracted with ether and the ether solution washed successively
with dilute alkali, dilute acid and water. It was then dried with calcium
chloride and the ether allowed to evaporate. The oil did not solidify. It
was distilled imder a pressure of 16 mm. at 18o°-200°, the distillate soon
solidifying to a yellow crystalline mass. After several recrystallizations

148

from dilute alcohol the crystals became white and melted at 6o°-66°. It is
insoluble in water, acids and alkalis, but soluble in alcohol, ether, chloro-
form, and benzol.

.VCTION OK CHLORCARBONK'ISO.\MYLETHER ON OXYPHENYLETHYLtlRETHANE.

The ethylurethane was prepared according to Ransom's method and two
grams of it were dissolved in a slight excess of potassium hydroxide. To this
was added the calculated amount (1 mol.) of chlorcarbonicisoamylether.
After shaking, a light yellow oil separated which became darker on standing.
This was extracted with ether and the ether allowed to evaporate. An oil
remained which refused to solidify even in a freezing mixture. It was dis-
tilled under a pressure of 15 mm. at 184°-190°, the distillate solidifying to a
crj'stalline mass. After several recrystallizations it became white and melted
at 65°-66°. It has all the properties of its supposed isomer above described.
On saponifying some of the imp\u-e material two substances were obtained.
A part melted at 133°-134° and is probably carbonylaminophenol produced
from the urethane by loss of alcohol. The other part after purification melted
at 84°-8o° and on mixing with oxyphenylethylurethane (m. p. 86-87) the melt-
ing point was raised slightly. Evidently the carbethoxy group remains at-
tached to nitrogen and no rearrangement occurs in jn-eparing the diacyl deriv-
ative by this method. Since the supposed isomer is identical with this, there
must have been a rearrangement during its preparation in the sense that the
two carboxyl radicals exchanged places, the lighter changing from oxygen to
nitrogen. The following equations express the reactions involved anil the
rearrangement that must have occurred in one case. KOC6H4NHCOOC5H11
+ CICOOC2H, > C:H,,0()COC6H4NHCOOC.Hu + KClCaH.OOCOCeH.NH-
COOCsHi, > CrJInOOCOCeH^NHCOOCdl;,. The final product is o-oxy-
phenylethylurethaneisoamylcarbonate.

SUMM.VRY.

Tlie work here outlined, togethei- witli that |)reviously icported. shows
that when two carboxyl radicals K'OOK and C'OOR,) arc introduced into the
molecule of ortho aminopheno! tlic lighter one beconu's attaclicd to the ;nni(h'
nitrogen, tlie position not being inllnenccd by the older in wliidi tlie gi-oui)s
are inti'oduced. .\nd th.'it to accoiiiplisli tliis a nioh'culai' I'earrangenient
occurs in one case. Tliis is also true when liotli radicals .-iif carljonyls (('()1{
.and COKi). In case one radical is carboUNl and the other carbowl liie latter

149

becomes attached to nitrogen without being influenced by the relative weights
of the entering groups. The hope that the introduction of radicals of nearlj'
the same weight (CeH.CO — 105, CoHnCOO — 115) would result in the forma-
tion of isomeric substances was not realized, the velocity of the rearrange-
ment being almost instantaneous in every case. Conseciuently the mechan-
ism of the rearrangement cannot be explained. It is possible that there is
an eciuilibiium of the two isomeric forms and that one of them is in large ex-
cess, but there is little evidence to support this view. Work already begun
with the orthoaminomercaptans may throw light upon the problem.

151

Boiling and Condensing Points of Alcohol Water

Mixtures.

p. N. Evans.

The boiling points of mixtures of alcohol and water depend on the pro-
portions of the constituents and range from about 70° C. for pure ethyl alcohol
to 100° C. for pure water. Except at a concentration of about 92 per cent,
alcohol by weight (about 96 per cent, by volume) any mixture of alcohol and
water when boiled gives off a vapor of different composition from the liquid,
the vapor being richer or poorer in alcohol than the licpiid when the latter
contains respectively less or more than 92 per cent, of alcohol. The vapor
has, of covu'se, a condensing point identical with the true boiling point of the
licjuid from which it is given off.

The purpose of the work here reported was to ascertain experimentalh'
the relation between the boiling point (or condensing point) and the compo-
sition of both the liciuid and vapor phases, so that with the information so
obtained it would be possible by observation of the corrected boiling point
to learn the composition of the boiling liquid and of the condensing vapor.

PROCEDURE.

The gravity and temperature of a strong alcohol were determined with
a Westphal balance, and the weight-per cent, of alcohol calculated by means
of ]\Iendele Jeff's table. Five hundred cubic centimeters were placed in a
one-liter distilling flask with an accurate thermometer graduated in tenths
of a degree placed with its bulb just below the side-neck. The liquid was
then slowly distilled at a uniform rate of about one drop per second until
15 c. c. had passed over, the distilling temperature being read when 7.5 c. e.
had collected in the graduated receiver. The per cent, of alcohol in the dis-
tillate and in the residue was determined from the gravity as before.

The average of the percentages found in the liquid in the flask before
and after distillation was taken as that of the liquid phase, and the percentage
in the distillate as representing the vapor phase at a moment half-way through
the distillation when the boiling point was observed.

152

The origiiuil volume of the licniid in the flask was restored by the addi-
tion of 15 c. c. of water, and the slightly more dilute mixture so obtained
was used for the next experiment. Forty-three mixtures were investigated
in this way, ranging from 91 to 0 per cent, of alcohol.

Corrections were introduced in the temperature readings for the baro-
metric pressure and for the exposed column of mercury in the thermometer,
assuming that the barometer effect would be the same as in the case of water
— an assumption very nearly in accordance with the facts, as shown by the
tables of Regnault and Classen given in Biedermarm's Chemiker-Kalender.

The temperature results are probably accurate within 0.2 degrees, and
the concentrations within 2 per cent.

The results obtained are given in the foUowing table:

c

a

"o

C

c

,

.2

.2

.2

j3
0

o

o

c

T3

c

'•S

gl

J2

o

^1

_c

o

a)

C3

^1

c

s

.2

i

'c

=1

13 4)

1

"o

0;

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u ■

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8 c
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3T3

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t- .

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cj ■£

o

S'£

C

o c

a; ^

c

e

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c Z

f

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^ '^'

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or C

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o

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i

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s

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g M

fe'S

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812

23

91 1

91.1

.811

22

91.8

77.2

750

.4

23

.6

78.2

2

.822

22

87.7

821

23

87.7

87.7

.815

23

90.0

77.2

750

4

22

.6

78.2

.•?

.829

23

84.6

829

23

84.6

84 6

.819

22

89.6

77.4

750

4

22

.6

78.4

4

.836

24

81.5

838

22

81.5

81.5

.823

22

88.0

77.6

748

5

22

.6

78.7

.5

.845

22

78.7

843

25

78.8

78.8

.825

22

86.5

77.7

743

7

22

.6

79.0

*)

.852

22

75.8

851

23

75.8

75.8

.827

22

85.8

77.8

740

8

22

.6

79.2

7

.857

24

72.9

860

21

72.9

72.9

.829

23

84.6

78.1

741

8

22

.6

79.5

8

,864

23

70.4

866

23

69.6

70.0

.832

22

83.8

78.4

741

8

23

.6

79.8

!)

,873

21

67.5

873

21

67.5

67.5

.833

20

84.2

78.6

743

7

21

.6

79 9

10

,879

21

65.0

880

21

64.6

64.8

.835

20

83.5

78.9

743

7

21

.6

80 2

11

.884

21.

62.7

885

23

61.4

62.0

.838

19

82.7

79.1

743

7

21

.6

SO 4

12

891

22

59.2

893

20

59.2

59.2

.839

20

81.9

79.5

750

4

21

.6

80,.')

i:i

.898

20

57.1

899

21

57.5

.57.3

.839

21

81.5

79.6

750

4

21

.6

80 . ()

14

,904

21

54.1

904

23

53.2

53.6

.839

23

80.8

80.2

757

1

23

.6

80 9

15

,908

23

51.4

910

22

51.0

51.2

.840

21

81.2

80.3

756

2

22

,6

Sl.l

16

,915

22

48.6

916

22

48.2

48.4

.842

21

80.4

80.5

756

2

22

.6

81 4

17

.920

22

46.4

923

22

45.0

45.7

.843

20

80.4

80.8

756

2

22

.6

81 7

18

.926

23

43.8

928

22

42.5

43.1

.844

21

79.6

81.0

756

2

22

.6

81. S

153

e

o

B

"o

c

o

0

j=

0

*

1

o

0

aj

'+S

p

-a

c

'^

a S

i

6

^1

.=

-=

_a

c

C3

§

6

a

'0
0.

3

"■3

0)

3.
.■S o

1^

_3

'=1
* >

0

ll

a
>•-

-5

0

1 .

0. c
lie

£1 0

*-•

B

S
0

C3

0.'

IS
11

a

0.
B

0)

S
8

to
c

1

1
0

^;

a~

H

fL,

0

H

£

<

H

(S

0

m

CQ

«

0

u

19

.923

22

40.5

.932

25

40.0

40.2

.845

20

79.6

81.2

755

2

19

.6

82,0

20

.936

24

38.0

.938

23

37.5

37.7

.848

19

78.8

81.5

755

.2

20

.6

82,3

21

.940

24

36.0

.942

23

35.5

35.7

.846

20

79.2

81.6

755

.2

20

.7

82.5

22

.945

23

33.9

.947

22

33.3

33.6

.849

19

78.3

82.0

755

2

20

.7

82.9

23

.949

23

31.7

.950

23

31.1

31.4

.851

20

77.1

82,4

755

.2

21

.7

83.3

24

.952

24

30.0

.955

23

28.1

29.0

.853

20

76,2

82.7

756

2

21

.7

83.6

25

.956

23

27.5

.956

25

26.9

27.2

.853

21

75,8

82,5

748

.5

20

.7

84.0

26

.958

24

26 2

.961

22

24.7

25.4

.856

22

74,2

83,4

748

.5

22

.8

84.7

27

.962

23

23.7

.964

23

22.3

23 0

,858

19

73.7

83.7

750

.4

21

.8

84.9

28

.965

23

21.7

.966

23

21.0

21,3

,859

20

73.7

84.3

750

.4

21

,8

85.7

29

.966

23

21 0

.969

23

18.9

19,9

,860

22

72,5

84.8

747

.5

22

.8

86.1

30

.970

23

17.9

.972

22

16.7

17.3

.866

22

70,0

85.5

745

.6

23

.8

86.9

31

.973

22

15.8

.974

24

14.4

15 1

.865

23

70.0

86.2

747

.5

23

.8

87.5

32

.975

24

13.3

.977

25

12 3

12 8

.873

23

66.7

86.9

756

.6

24

.9

88.4

33

.977

25

12.3

.979

25

11.0

11 6

.882

24

62.5

88.1

748

.5

25

.9

89.5

34

.980

22

11.0

.982

23

9.3

10.1

.891

21

60.0

89.1

750

.4

22

.9

90.3

35

.982

23

11.0

.984

24

7.9

9.4

.901

20

55.8

90.1

750

.4

22

.9

91 4

36

.985

22

7.9

.987

22

6.4

7 1

.910

22

51.4

91.1

750

.4

22

.9

92.4

37

.987

22

6.4

.989

20

5 0

5.7

.919

22

46.8

92.2

750

.4

23

.9

93 5

38

.990

21

4.4

.991

23

3.9

4 1

.927

22

43.7

93.1

747

.5

21

,9

94.5

39

.991

23

3.9

.992

24

2.8

3.3

.947

21

33.5

94.3

747

.5

22

.9

95.7

40

.992

24

2.8

.994

22

2.2

2.5

.953

21

30.6

95.2

747

.5

22

.9

96.6

41

.995

22

17

.996

21

1.1

1.4

.964

21

23.6

96.0

747

.5

22

.9

97.4

42

.996

22

11

.996

23

0.9

1.0

.972

22

16.7

96.8

751

.4

22

.9

98,1

43

.998

25

-0,5

.999

22

-0.3

-0.4

.999

21

-0.1

98.7

753

.3

22

,9

99.9

The last experiment (No. 43) was with water only.

The relations existing between the boiling point or condensing point and
the composition of the liquid and vapor phases are shown clearly by the fol-
lowing plot:

154

155

A convenient table of results estimated from the eiirves is here given:

Weight Per Cent. Alcohol in

Weight Per Cent. Alcohol in

Roiling Point

Boiling Point.

Liquid.

Vapor.

Liquid.

Vapor.

78 2

91

92

86.5

18

71

78.4

85

89

87.0

17

70

78.6

82

88

87.5

16

69

78.8

80

87

88.0

15

68

79.0

78

86

88.5

13

67

79.2

76

85

89.0

12

65

79.4

74

85

89.5

11

63

79.6

72

84

90.0

10

61

79.8

69

84

90.5

10

59

80.0

67

83

91.0

9

57

80.2

64

83

91.5

8

55

80.4

62

82

92.0

8

53

80.6

59

■ 82

92.5

7

51

sn.s

56

81

93.0

6

49

81.0

53

81

93.5

6

46

81.2

50

80

94.0

5

44

81.4

47

80

94.5

5

42

SI. 6

45

80

95 (1

4

39

81.8

43

79

95 . 5

4

36

82.0

41

79

96.0

3

33

82.5

36

78

96.5

3

30

83.0

33

78

97.0

2

27

83.0

30

77

97.5

2

23

84.0

27

76

98 0

1

19

84.5

25

75

98.5

1

15

85.0

23

74

99,0

0

10

85.5

21

73

99.5

0

5

86.0

20

72

100.0

0

0

The information here given enables one to determine quickly the approxi-
mate concentration of any alcohol-water mixture by observation of its boil-
ing point, with corrections for barometric pressure and exposed mercury
column. The accuracy is, of course, less than by the usual and more difficult
analytical method of distillation and the determination of the gravity of the
distillate with a pyknometer.

156

It is also possible to tell the apiiroximate composition of both liciuid and
vapor (or distillate) at any moment during the distillation of a mixture.
This application has proved interesting in interpreting the behavior of alcohol-
water mixtures during distillation and partial condensation in the writer's
laboratory classes.

It is the intention to continue the experiments by examining mixtures
containing over 92 per cent, of alcohol; the observations will require greater
accuracy, and a differential thermometer graduated in hundredths of a degree
will be employed.

Purdue University,

Lafayette, Ind.

157

(Abstract.)

On the General Solution and So-Called Special
Solutions of Linear Non Homogeneous Par-
tial Differential Equations.

L. L. Steimley.

The integrals of a partial differential equation of the first order were
first classified by Lagrange, who separated them into three groups, namely,
the general, the complete, and the singular integrals. For a long time this
classification was thought to be complete. In fact, Forsyth in his Differen-
tial Equations, published first in 18S5, gives a supposed proof of a theorem
stating that every solution of such a differential ecjuation is included in one
or other of the three classes named. This error is also carried through the
second and third English editions and the two German editions, the last one
being published in 1912.

In 1891 Goursat pointed out in his Equations aux derivees particlles du
premier ordre, that solutions exist which do not belong to any of these three
classes and showed indeed that the existing theory was not complete even
for the simplest forms.

In November, 1906, Forsyth, in his presidential address to the London
Mathematical Society, emphasized the fact that the theory is incomplete,
and in his closing remark says: "It appears to me that there is a very defi-
nite need for a re-examination and a revision of the accepted classification
of integrals of equations even of the first order; in the usual establishment of
the familiar results, too much attention is paid to unspecified form, and too
little attention is paid to organic character, alike of the equations and of the
integrals. Also, it appears to me possible that, at least for some classes of
equations, these special integrals may emerge as degenerate form of some
semi-general kinds of integrals: but it is even more important that methods
should be devised for the discovery of these elusive special integrals."

Forsyth also in an address delivered by recjuest, at the 4th International
Congress of Mathematicians, takes advantage of the opportunity offered, to

158

again emphasize the incoinpleteness of the existing theory of partial differ-
ential equations of the first order.

In attacking this problem the logical place to begin is with the simplest
case, namely, with the linear equation. This is the equation dealt with in
the paper. It can be written in the form

2z

i=l i

%, Xi, X2,

,Xn

%, Xi, X2, . . . . , Xn

The restrictions made on this equation are that all common factors have
been removed from -o-, A-j, A.2, .... -A.„; that there is also a set of values
of the variables ^, Xj, Xo, . . . . , Xn in the vicinity of which the func-
tions -A^i and -tt have no branch points and otherwise behave regularly.

Forsyth, in his treatise on Partial Differential Equations published in
1906 goes to much labor to give solutions that are examples of the so-called
special integrals. In the present paper a means is developed by which all
the elusive special integrals can be readily determined and a new and com-
plete classification is given of all the integrals of the equation.

159

A Modified Permeameter.

Edwin Morrison and B. D. Morris.

Ill his work on the Magnetic Induction in Iron and Other Metals, Ewing
briefly describes a permeameter. (See page 247, Art. 148.) The instrument
is for the purpose of determining the magnetisation of a metal bj^ means of
tlie tractive force. In Swing's work the permeameter method constitutes
the fourth method of measuring the magnetic properties of a metal, that of
the ballistic, the direct magnetometric, and the optical methods having been

"Utr,, thai

L=U,

^

r,^. m.

fTj (

previously described. After describing the apparatus and developing the
equations the author closes his discussion thus: "The tractive method is at
best inexact, but it affords a ready means of making rough measurements,
especially for purposes of comparison."

160

Two primary objects were sought, in modifying the Thompson Permeameter
as shown in Ewing's work, Fig. 130, page 249: First, to render the instrument
more accurate, and Second, to avoid complexity such as is necessary in the
ballistic method so that the magnetic properties of iron may be introduced
earlier in a students' course.

The modified apparatus is shown in Fig. 1. The solenoid (A) is sur-
rounded by a cast iron field (B) which furnishes a metal path for the return
lines of force. The lug (L) is separated from the core of the solenoid b}' a
very thin piece of paper. The core of the coil can be easily replaced by a
core of a different metal, thus giving a different test. The force required to
separate the lug from the core is measured by means of the spring (S). Since
the pull exerted by a spring is directly proportional to the distance it is
stretched it becomes necessary simply to measure accurately the distance
the spring is stretched in separating the lug (L) from the core. The upper
end of the spring is attached to a sliding guide bar (G), to which is fastened
a micrometer screw (T). By turning this micrometer screw the spring may
be stretched sufficiently to pull the lug away from the core which is being
tested. The number of whole turns of the screw may be read from the index
bar (D), and the fractional part of a turn to one-tenth of a turn may be read
from the disk (E.) By standardizing the spring and reading micrometer by
means of known weights the force in screw t\n-ns may be reduced to grams
or pounds.

The permeameter with the auxiliary apparatus is set up as shown in
Fig. 2.

L , -I 4 I ^

^C9,Z..

I', in tlie permeameter.

C, is rotary commutator by means of wlii<'li :in altoiruitiiii; curitTii Mia.\ \>r iliioun throuKli

the solenoid, thus demagnetizing the coic.
II, is a variable resi^tance by mcan.s of whicli I lie curri'nl iiki\ lie \:iiicil fnmi zcni to twenty

five amperes.
A, is an ammeter.
M, repre.sents tlie .source of current, which is tlie ordinary 110 volt direct lifjlilini.' current.

161

The method of obtaining data is as follows: First demagnetize the core
specimen to be tested by rotating the rotary commutator, thereby causing
an alternating current to flow through the solenoid. When the specimen is
demagnetized it will exert no pull on the lug (L). Next pass a very slight
current through the solenoid, place the lug in contact with the core and turn
the crank until the lug and core are separated. The number of turns can be
read directly from the slide index (D) and the disk (E). The current strength
is read from the ammeter. The current is then increased and the force meas-
ured which is required to separate the lug and core. This process is con-
tinued, noting in each instance the current strength and the pulling force of
the spring, until the pulling force ceases to inci'ease with an increase of cur-
rent, indicating that the core is saturated. The current is now decreased
step by step and the pulling force and the current strength noted in each
case. When the current reaches zero it is reversed and the process indicated
above is repeated. When the current is again brought back to zero it is
reversed the second time and increased to the point of saturation. Thus
data for the complete hysteresis loop may be taken.

The equations for transforming the results from a permeameter into the
B and H values for plotting the hysteresis loop are as follows. (See Swing's
work page 248.)

(B — H)'-XS(sq.cm.)

Pull in lbs. =

11183000

Pull in lbs.
or B = 3344 h H

\ S(sci. cm.)

Pull in lbs.
or B = 1317 / h H

V S(sq. cm.)

The value of H may be determined by the following equation, in which

N is the number of turns, I the current strength in amperes and 1 is the length

of the solenoid in cm.

„ 1 26 N I
H =

I

J 1—101!)

162

163

Length of solenoid, 9.5 cm. Number of turns, first coil 176, second coil
273. The force of the spring represented by one turn of the micrometer screw
is 13 grams or 0.028 lb.

Record for a Cold Rolled Steel Rod 0.5 in. Diaiii. Coil 176 Turnip.

Amp.

Pull in

I.

Turns.

0.0

0.0

0.4

0.4

0.8

3.0

1.2

10.5

1,6

17.0

2.0

22.0

2.5

28. 0

3.5

35. :i

4.5

36.1)

5.0

38.0

5.5

38.0

(i 0

3!).()

5.5

39.0

5.0

38.0

4.5

39.0

3.5

37.0

2.5 I

2.0

1.6

1.2

0.8

0.4

0 0

32.0
28.0
27.5
23.0
17.0
6.0
1.0

Pull in
Pounds.

0.0000
0.0112
0.0840
0 294

0 4761
0.6160
0.7840
0.9800
1.0080
1.0640

1 (1640
1 . 0940

1.0940
1.0040
1.0940
1.0360
0.8960
0.7840
0.7700
0.6440
0.4761
0.1642
0.0280

.\mp.
I.

0.0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2.0
2.5
3.5
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0

5.5
5.0
4.5
3.5
2.5
2.0
1.6

0.8
0,4
0.0

Pull in
Turn.s.

1.0

0.3

2.5

9.0

18.0

26.0

28.5

36.0

40.0

40.0

40.0

40 0

40 0
40.0
40.0
:8.0
36 0
31.0
28.0
24.0
18.0
8.0
1.0

Pull in
Pounds.

0.028
0.008
0.060
0.262
0.484
0.628
0.798
1.008
1 . 120
1,120
1 120
1 . 120

1.120
1.120
1 . 120
1.064
1.008
0.868
0.784
0.672
0.484
0.204
0.028

.\iiip. Pull in
I. Turns.

0.0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2.0
2.5
3.5
4.5
5.0
5 . 5
0.0

1.0

0.2

2.0

8.5

19.0

25.0

30.0

.35.0

39.0

40,0

41,(1

41.0

Pull in
Pounds.

0.028
0 . 006
0,056
0.238
0.541
0.700
0.840
0.980
1.094
1.120
118
1.148

164

Above Results Converted into H and B Values.

Amp.

1

Amp.

Amp.

I.

H.

B.

I.

H.

B.

I.

H.

B.

0.0

0.00

0.00

0 0

0.00

497.79

0.0

0.00

497.79

0.4

9.32

324.14

0.4

9.32

307.82

0.4

9.32

239.75

0.8

18.64

878.84

0.8

18.64

742.27

0 8

18.64

747.30

1.2

27.96

1642.76

1.2

27.96

1550.66

1 1.2

27.96

1480.26

1.6

37.28

2137.28

1.6

37.28

2106.88

1.6

37.28

2225.33

2.0

46.60

2381.40

2.0

46.60

2404.10

2.0

46.60

2525.60

2.5

58.25

2692.25

2.5

58.25

3039.95

2.5

58.25

2617.25

3.5

81.55

3025.75

3.5

81.55

3173.05

3.5

81.55

3025 75

4.5

104.85

3090.95

4.5

104.85

3253.05

4.5

104.85

3216.35

5.0

116.50

3185.10

5.0

116.50

3264.70

5 0

116.50

3264 70

5.5

128.15

3196.75

5.5

128.15

3276.35

5.5

128.15

3315 50

6.0

139.80

3255.30

6.0

139.80

3288.00

6.0

139.8

3327.15

5.5

128.15

3243.65

5.5

128.15

3276.35

5.0

116 50

3185.10

5.0

116.50

3264.70

4.5

104.85

3220.35

4.

104.85

3253.05

3.5

81.55

3162.25 •

3.5

81.55

3150.05

2.5

58.25

2874.15

2.5

58.25

3149.75

2.0

46.60

2680.60

2.0

46.6

2818.10

I.f.

37.28

2647.60

1 6

37.28

2671.28

1.2

27.96

2451.96

1.2

27.96

2466.56

0.8

18.64

2071.04

0.8

18.64

2088.24

0.4

9.32

1215.02

0.4

9.32

1352.92

0.0

0.00

497.79

0.0

0.00

479.79

165

Fig. 4. Hysteresis Plot.

COXCLUSIONS.

The plot here given establishes the fact that the magnetic properties of
iron and steel can be obtained by the permeameter method to a reasonable
degree of accuracy, sufficient for student purposes.

From a number of tests which have been made the permeameter estab-
lishes in an interesting way the fact that a much stronger current is required
to bring a hard metal to magnetic saturation than a soft metal.

The permeameter test also demonstrates that the magnetic pull exerted
by a soft metal is much stronger than that of a hard metal under the influ-
ence of the same current.

Thes3 peculiarities are more easily shown by this instrument than any
toher, owing to the fact that different metals can be examined under the same
conditions.

Physical Laboratory, Earlham College.

167

Sanitary Survey of Indiana Rivers.

Jay a. Craven. C. E.

In August, 1908, the investigation by tlie Indiana State Board of
Health of the soutliern end of Lake Michigan bordering Indiana revealed
v- serious condition. It was found that the Lake water was "grossly pol-
luted and unfit for use as a source of water supply for drinking and domes-
tic pui'po.ses." The zone of pollution extended for five miles from shore.
.Uthough Indiana Harbor, East Chicago, Whiting and a portion of Ham-
mond contributed domestic sewages directly to the Lake, it was found
rhat this apparently had little influence on the character of the Lake
waters. The main source of pollution was found to be the Calumet River
with its great volume of sewage and manufacturing wastes. The portion
of the lake investigated is readily seen on the accompanying map.

The deplorable situation called for a more thorough survey of the
condition, and to this end preparations and plans were made for an in-
^estigation of the Calumet River, to determine the "exact condition of the
river, the amount and kind of pollution entering it from the Indiana
cities, how it was disposed of, and if possible, through its report to lend
assistance for the final solution of the prol>len> Mhich faces the Indiana
cities and also a part of Chicago."

About twenty-five miles of the Grand Calumet River was surveyed in
the summer of 1910. It has a varying width of from twentj'-five to three
hundred feet and an average depth of six to eight feet until it reaches
Lake Calumet, from which point it averages twenty-five feet. It receives
most of the sewage and trade wastes from the four cities along its banks,
together with a portion of that of Chicago. Many large manufacturing
concerns contributed a large part of the most offensive refuse.

Forty-three sampling points were established in the East Chicago
canal, the Grand Calumet River, The Little Calumet River and Lake
Michigan. Samples for the putrescibilty reaetii>n, oxygen consumed and
dissolved, were collected at all the sampling points and sewer outlets over

168

a period extending from June 29th to August 1st. In addition to this,
bacterial analyses were made on river samples during that period. The
portion of the river investigated is shown on the map of Indiana.

The results of this work were summarized as follows: "It appears
that the Calumet River is. lor a part of its course, a septic tank, in whic h
the sewage entering it travels but a short distance from its point of
entrance before undergoing putrefaction." As the conditions were serious,
involving the health of the people of several cities and extending over a
large territory, it was thought that the i)robleni could be more advanta-
geously dealt with by the forniatidu of a sanitary district to study the con-
ditions and reach a final solution, and it was so recommended.

At the same time these conditions along the lake were being inves-
tigated, the states bordering tlie Ohio River were much concerned with
the condition of the river and a preliminary survey had been made of
that portion of it bordering Ohio by the 'Hiio State Board of Health.
Indiana was next in line in doing similar work along its borders, and in
the summer of 1911 that portio)i of the river lying between Cincinnati.
Ohio, and the mouth of the Wabash River, a distance of 357 miles, was
surveyed. A houseboat was equipped for the survey in which living and
working quarters were provided, and it was found to be adniir;ibly adapted
to the work.

The total drainage basin to the Ohio-Indiana line is 80,947 siiuarc
miles, and the population located on this area was aliout 8,000,000. Four
hundred and fourteen samples were collected for cheniical .-nid liacterial
analysis, ?,?,3 of which were river sami)les.

"SA'ith the exception of tliree or four points in tiic river, and tliese at
or near the entrance, the analysis did not show a serious condition to
exist, one whic!i at tlie stage of \^';it(>r encountered would create a nuisance.
.\t no ])()int along th(^ rivei' was the r;iw water found to bi- lit for drink-
ing i)urposi's, however.

One noticeable feature that should be mentioned is the high typhoid
death rate in the cities using raw i-iver water, and the decrease in the
rate after the introduction of filter jilants where this step had been taken.
At Cincinnati for three years before filtered water was used the average
rate was (iitt i»er lOO.dOO and the average rate for the three years fol-
lowing the introduction of filtered water was 12.(1.

.\s an Indiana problem alone, future investigations could be limite<l

169

to Ciiiciiuinti. Louisville or Kvansvillc, niul as the former are imuli
the larger, contributing therefore a nuuli larger amount of sewage and
wastes, active steps toward an abatement of the problem at these two
places will liave to be taken before Indiana is affected. The question of
the disposal of manufacturing wastes is a comparatively easy one for
Indiana nianulactnrei's. It is an individual prolilem for each concern to
solve, but there are very few where a treatment of the waste would be
i-equired, and then only after the problem has been taken up at all points
along the river.

In the report made in lUll it was said that the problem was not one
for the individual states, but that it would have to be controlled by the
I'ederal Government, and preparations are now being made by the Gov-
ernment for a thorough survey of the entire river.

Continuing the policy of surveying our rivers, and therefore our
natural water supplies, a survey of the Wabash River was made in the
summer of 1912. From the experience gained the previous summer, a two-
roomed houseboat was built, one room to be used for the laboratory work
and the second for living (juarters. The woi'k covered the river from
Bluffton near its source to tlie moutli, a distance of 450 miles. Because
of the shallowness of the river at the upper end, this portion was covered
in a rowboat, and samples shipped to Lafayette to the houseboat labora-
tory. From this point down, the houseboat was used. Eight hundred and
twenty-three samples were collected for a chemical and bacterial analysis,
()!»() of them from the river.

At no pomt was the river seriously polluted; i. e., a nuisance did not
exist. At a few places, however, as at Wabash, where a large strawboard
plant is located: at Lafayette, where there is another one; at Terre
Haute, with many manufacturing concerns, and at Vincennes, with its
strawboard works and distilleries, considerable pollution was found. As
ihis condition was always below the cities and they were not bothered,
and the natural pnritication of tlie river remedied this condition before
the cities and towns below Wi)re reached, )io complaints were heard. The
population on the watershed is not large in comparison with its size, and
the flow is surticient to care for the sewage and wastes by dilution.

Although from a physical standpoint the river was found to be in
good condition, the analyses showed that if was miiit in its raw state for
drinking and domestic purposes, and that it would be necessary to filter

170

the wntcr to make it potable. The great burden imposed upon a tiltra-
tion plant by the use of the river for the disposal of sewage and manu-
facturing wastes in constantly increasing (j[uantities, should be lessened as
much as possible. Some degree of purification of all manufacturing
wastes and domestic sewage should be required. I'artial purification, such
as screening or the i}assing the se^^'age and wastes through Inihoff tanks,
will give a satisfactory elHuent for some time to come. Some si ch treat
ment should therefore be required of all cities and towns and manufac-
turing concerns, and it was so recounuended.

Last sunmier similar work was done on White River from Winchester,
near the source, to the mouth, a distance of about 3SS miles being covered.
From Winchester to Muncie the trip was made on foot; from Muncie to
Indianapolis a rowboat was used; between Indianapolis and Martinsville,
information and samples were collected in an auto, and from ]Martins-
\Ule down, the houseboat which had been used on the Wabash liiver was
again put in service. It had been Iirought up to this point during the
early spring.

Navigation was more difficult than had been prc^viously e.\i>ericnceil.
and many obstructions in the way of snags and sand bars were met. Al-
together 779 samples were collected, 334 of them from the river. The
river for about 100 miles below Indianapolis was found to be in a serious
condition, due to the great amount of .sewage and manufacturing wastes
introduced into the river at Indianapolis. The flow of the river during
dry sea.sons is entirely too small to care for tliis great amount of sew-
age, and the (mly remedy for the situaticm is the treatment of this refuse,
which has already l>een liegun in an experimental way. When Indian-
apolis has relieved its p(vrtion ol" the jiolliitinn. otbei' I'ities will liave
to do likewise, and in this way, the condition of the river will gradually
be restoi'ed to as near its original state as pt)ssible.

Altogether, a total distance of 1,10") miles were covered in the survey
of the last llirei' rivers, and over L'.i:<H» samples were analyzi-d. \:.H\:\ ol
them river samples. The work done has revealed serious conditions on
two of the rivers, the Caluiuet and Whiti'. steps for the iniproveinent ui'
wliicli iiave already been taken. In the case of the otlier two. steps I'oi-
the restoration of the water to its former condition should be taken, and
future pollution probii)it(Mi. The a( <dniiianying map >-lio\\s the extent of
tile v.ork (haie on Indiana rivci's.

171

'J'lio.se sur\t'.\s have shown the need of more legiskitive power, to be
vested m a central authority, naturally the State Board of Health, whereby
the rivers, our natural water resources, can be saved for future genera-
tions. At the preseJit time control of streams is given where they are
used for water supplies, but no steps can be taken by the Board of Health
unless petitioned by the healtli officci- or citizens of the locality affected.
The time is coming, and tlie sooner sucli control is given tlie easier will
'•c the solution of the problem. The data collected will be invaluable in
t)ie future for comparative purposes, when the people l)ecome awakened
to the seriousness of stream pollution.

173

The Relation of Lakes to Floods, with Special

Reference to Certain Lakes and Streams

OF Indiana.

Will Scott.

The problem of flood prevention is a part of a larger problem which
we have considered either in a fragmentary way or not at all. This
larger problem is the development of the waters of our state as a natural
resource. To regard a river as a menace because its higher stages, under
l>resent conditions, are destructive ; or to consider a lake to be a waste
area because it can not be plowed, Indicates a very limited insight or
selfish motives. Some of the factors that must be considered in the de-
velopment of this resource are power sites, building sites, water supply
for cities, water for irrigation, places for recreation, avenues for trans-
portation, and fish production.

It maj' be regarded as self-evident, that a whole drainage system
must be treated as a unit. It is impossible to develop one power site,
withviut affecting another; floods prevented in the upper course of a
stre:;m will make them less destructive in its lower course, etc.

The thing that affects mast fundamentally these elements of value in a
stream is its rate of discharge. The work of Tucker ('ID has shown tha,.t
not nearly all of the power sites in Indiana are developed ; and that
those that are developed are limited in value because of the low minimum
discharge. High banks along streams are worth much more for building
.sites than for farm land. The more constant the stream level is, the more
these sites are worth. And so with all of the values that attach to a
stream ; the more regular the discharge, the greater these values are.

Tlie attention of every one is attracted to the great los.ses that ar0
caused by floods; but few recognize the decreases in value that are occa-
sioned by the low stages of streams. The losses by floods are sudden and
dramatic. Tliey are more or less irregular in their occurrence, while the
losses caused by low stages are constant and inconspicuous. The losses

174

Niir.li Si(k-. l"orincr l''i>h lirt'cdini^ Grouiul, Now a l^ocky and Unproductive Waste.

I'latc I. T.inujo T,al<e. Mnisli in the Korc; round and 'Middle l)i--l:iii('
i-^poiled by liOwci'ins the Lake.

A I'ish T'eedinii (iroum

175

uf the lirst class rei»i;esi'iit ilcNi'loiied resources; while those of the secuud
class reiuvsent resources tluit are for the most part undeveloped. This
accounts for the difference in the attention that each receives. The prob-
lem is not the prevention of floods but the production of regular discharge
in our streams. The rainfall is irregular, and if it is allowed to run
off as it falls an irregular discharge must result. Each drainage system
iiresciits a difft'rent set of conditions that must he met in solving this
problem. The solution of the problem in northern Indiana is intimately
associated with the development of our lakes.

'J lus ] taper is limited to a discussion of some lakes of Ko.sciusko
County and their i-elatioii to the Tippecanoe drainage system of which they
form a part.

That the Tippecanoe River has a more retrular fiow than the
Wabash is due to the fact that the Tippecanoe has many more lakes and
swamps in its lieadwaters. (The closer proximity of the Wabash to
bed-rock probably has some intlueuv^e on the irregularity of its flow.)

Some of the facts concerning the Wabash at and above Logansport.
and the Tiripecanoe River at and above Delphi are as follows:

Drainage
Area.

Sq. Miles.

Discharge, 1904.

Sec. Ft. per Sq. Mile.

Maximum.
Sec. Ft.

Minimum.
Sec. Ft.

Maximum.

Minimum.

Tippecanoe at
Delphi

Wabaih at Lo-
gansport

],8flO
3,16.3

15,430
48,080

269
260

8.104
15.02

.142
.081

That is, the minimum discharge per square mile of drainage basin in
the Wabash is .17.7 per cent of that of a s(iuare mile in the Tippecanoe,
while the maximum discharge per square mile of liasin is 18'! i)er cent of
that of the Tippecanoe. This indicates roughly the value of lakes under
natural conditions.

The most important factor in the economy of lakes is the treatment
of the outlet. This may be left in a natural condition, it may be dredged,
or it may l;e dammed. I wish to describe the effect of these three con-
ditions on the drainage systems below the lake and upon the lake itself.

A lake with a natural outlet usually inqiounds water early in the
vear. ^Vitll the first warm months their outlets become olistructed with

176

Spillway and Dam.

Plate II. Woljhter Lake. I'i.sh lecdinn Urouiul Fonncd l>.v Daiiunin^ llio LaUc.

Oepth in m€>erS.
/\Aa7<imUin depth JL5M

OL/TLINEBYW-RALLEN
SOUNDINGS BY CNHOFFER AND WSCOTT

176

177

plants* growing in thiem so that the excess ot water is discharged gradu-
ally during the mouths that follow.

To leave the outlet of a lake uudisturl»ed has many advantages to
the lake. First of all, it insures a shore line of considerable age. On
the windw.ard side there is usually a wave-cut terrace, which forms the
natural breeding ground for most of our lake tish. On the lee side there
are usually plants which furnish protection and feeding ground foi
fish.

If the outlet is dredged the capacity of the lake as an impounding basin
is decreased. The plants which obstruct the outlet are destroyed, so that
the excess of water is rapidly discharged. For example Lingle Lake was
lowered four feet by di'edging. ("aviiig of the banks and the obstruction of
the outlet liy waves has raised the water to \vithin approximately two
feet of its original level. This has decreased its area 10,152,800 square feet,
and its capacity 40,107,600 cubic feet. See accompanying map.

The present area of Lingle Lake is .537 square miles. This reduction
in level has exposed a large area of wave-cut terrace on the north and east
shores, and thus destroyed the best nesting places for fish (especially sun-
fish and bass). None of this land is used and apparently cannot be used.
On the south and west extensive marl deposits were exposed on which
sedges grow, forming an inferior pasture. The possibilities of aquiculture
have been limited, while the available area for agriculture has been in-
creased to a much less degree.

To illustraU^ tlie effect of damming lakes, I shall discuss five lakes,
whose area is accurately known, and with whose environs I am familiar.
These are Eagle Lake (Winona Lake), Little Eagle Lake (Chapman Lake).
Webster Lalve. Ti])peoanoe Lake, and Palestine Lake. If dams were con-
structed so that (he level of these lakes could be fluctuated respectively
-, ."_!. 3, 5, 3 feet they would store and control 27.289 sec. feet per annum,
distributee! as follows: Eagle 2.02. Little Eagle 4.359, Webster 3.039. Tip-
pecanoe 12.S9, Palestine 4 509.

If this excess were discharged during the driest three months it would
liroduce 109.156 sec. feet for that period. The minimum discharge for the
Tippecanoe River at Delphi during 1904 was 269 sec. feet. If the excess
just cited had been available during that period it would have increased
the mininiuin discharge 40.5 per cent.

* This stream obstruction by plants may be excessive. It accouIlt^ for part, if not all, of the dis-
crepancy between rainfall and discharge noted by Tucker ('11. p. o07).

12—1019

178

^^B^^

s

i

^ Jwffci X ■

r

Mill :iri(l Hacc. (See Text.)

Phite III. Webster Luke. Hoa.l ol' Unci- and Mill

179

It is a well-establislied lact that the Aalne ot a power site is largely
determined by the minimum rate of discharge. This means that the value
of the water power along the Tippecanoe would lie increased more than
40 per cent, by treating tiAe lakes as I have suggested. Not only would
this value be enhanced ; but it would afford a better avenue of transporta-
tion, a more delightful place for recreation, and its yield of fish would be
increased. By properly controlling all of the lakes in this basin, it is prob-
able that the minimum rate of flow could be more tli;in doubled. (The
exact data for the remaining lakes in this system we hope to collect dur-
ing the present year.)

The effect upon flood conditions is evident. The increase of the mini-
niuiu discharge decreases the niaxiinuiii discharge. Since it is the top
of the flood that does the damage, it will be possible to practically eliminate
excessive destruction along this stream. This will improve conditions in
some degree along the streams to which the Tippecanoe is tributary.

It is very evident that handling lakes as I have indicated will make
the streams that drain them luore valuable and less destructive. It re-
mains to determine, as accurately as the available data will permit, the
effect upon the lakes themselves and their envirdus. Raising the level of
any lake will of course inundate some land. The value of this land must
be considered in determining the advisability of manipulating lake levels.
These lakes are all intramorainal and are surrounded l)y moraines, rising
rather abruptly from the water; or by marshes, which in most cases have
been formerly a ]inrt of the lalie.

Where tlie shore rises abruptly a narrow strip would he submerged
by raising the level of the water. In many cases these slopes are used for
the sites of summer homes, and it is only a question of time until- all of
them will be so utilized. The raising of the water along these sites would
inake liorit landing less difficult and would not injure the facilities for
I lathing.

It is on tlie wave-cut terraces, which are formed along these moraines
that most of the fish of the lake breed. This breeding ground would be
narrowed at first, on account of the increased deptli of the outer margin;
but in a short time it would be more extensive than ever because of the
increased width of the terrace.

The marsh laud on the margin of lakes is often worthless and never
valuable. It is sometimes used for pasture and occasionally it is mowed

180

The West Side, a Marsh.

I'lulU I\ . ( l,;i|„li,ll, I,

I ill) l-,a>i .^iile, ;t H:irieii .-^lupc. I Ins i.aki! iU\< Jvecenlly Reon
Lowered Three Feet.

181

for marsh hay. The products in each case are coarse and of little worth.
When these marshes are flooded they produce excellent feeding grounds for
fish.

The damming of a lake wovild be sufficient, in many instances, for the
development of water power. This could be used at the site of the dam
or it could be converted into electricity and delivered to the property
owners whose holdings alnit tlie lake. The power thus produced would be
sufficient in most lakes to offset the damage caused by the overflow of
marshes, provided a just appraisement could ))e secured. The owners of
the high ground aroimd the lake would very generally favor the change,
because of the value added to the cottage sites.

THE EFFECT UPON THE PARTICULAR LAKES UNDER CONSIDERATION.

WeT)stcr Lake. — Webster lake has au area of 1.5 square miles. It has
already received the treatment that I have outlined. I have been unable to
determine the date of the first dam. The present dam was constructed in
]905. It gives a head of nine feet when the water is flowing over the spill-
way. The power is used to run a flouring mill owned by Mr. John Strom-
beck. One large turbine and two smaller ones are used. The large wheel
delivers sixty horse-power at a nine-foot head and forty horse-power at a
six-foot bead. The ratings of the smaller wheels were not available. The
dam is an earthen one except the spillway with its apron and wings, which
are of concrete.

With the dam out the present lake would be cut into a number of
smaller ones, connected by marshes. This former marsh land now fur-
nishes excellent feeding ground for fish. As a direct result of this, Web-
ster Lake has become one of the finest lakes in the state for bluegill
fishing. I have counted forty fishing boats in view at once ; and from fifty
to eighty fish are counted a good string for a half day's fishing.

The present level makes it possible to use the surrounding moraines
for the building of summer homes and resorts. One large hotel and several
cottages have already been erected on the south shore. The town of North
Webster has easy access to the lake. Many good building sites remain to be
developed.

It is difRctdt to estimate the ^alue of the power, the increased value
of the adjoining real estate, and the augmented fish production : but this
certainly would exceed the value of the marsh land that would be exposed
if there were no dam. For map see Large COfi) .

182

A Shallow Lake Which Produces Enormous Amounts of Fish Foods.

183

Tippecanoe Lake. — Tippecanoe has an area at present of 1.71 square
miles. If the level were raised five feet the area would lie increased to 2.93
square miles. Its maximum depth is 121 feet, which is probal)ly the great-
est depth in any Indiana lake. The lake is bordered along most of its
shoreline by moraines that rise rather aljruptly to considerable height. The
i-est of the shore is bordered by marshes. Raising the level five feet wonld
submerge most of the marsh land and a very narrow strip along the
steeper shores. One building wonld be affected, but .$(>00 would easily re-
place it. The bathing beaches would be narrowed, but the action of* the
waves would soon l)roaden them. These are the items of loss.

By overflowing the marshes the shore line would be brought to other
good building sites. This would increase its value from that of ordinary
farm land to that of water-front liuilding site. The value of the former
is about $100 i>er acre, while that of the latter is at present between $500
and $1,000 per acre.

The great depth of Tippecanoe Lake and the steep slope of much of its
Itottom make the area a\'ailable for fish breeding and feeding very limited.
The fish production could prolialily be doulihd by utilizing the marsh land
for feeding grounds and the wider wave-cut terraces as breeding ground.

The basin that discharges through the outlet of Tippecanoe Lake has
an area of 130 square miles. One inch, run-otf from this basin wonld pro-
duce 10 sec. feet for one year. Twehe or fifteen inches run-oft' could be
expected which would produce, respectively, 120 and 150 sec. feet for one
year. The five-foot fall that would lie produced by the dam could be in-
creased two or three feet by Imilding a race a quarter of a mile in length.
For map see Large ("96).

Eagle Luke. — Eagle Lake has an area of .87 square miles. The swamp
laud that surrounds it coA'ers about one-half square mile. A part or this
swamp land has been filled by Winona .Vssembly and now forms very valu-
able real estate. Tills would riiake it ratlier iuipracticable to raise the lake
more than two feet ai)o\-e its present level. But little of the remaining low
land is used. About twenty acres are mowed for marsh hay and a similar
amount is used for pasture, of which it produces a very inferior grade.

The outlet has been dredged so that the land below the lake could be
drained. A dam has been built across this ditch, making a dift'erence in
level of six feet. By raising the dam two feet a fall of eight feet would l)e
secured. The catchment basin discharging through the outlet of this lake
contains forty square miles.

184

I

Tlie Dam From Above.

Plate VI. Palestine Lake. General View of the Dam and -Mill.

2
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3
a.

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2

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O

Co

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«r,

-<

tD

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;c

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o

r-
m

-H

■:«

CO

m

o

iite:

o

r^

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— ,

I

rn

m

q

>-
^

1 "

9

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^

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7^

m

V

185

The ehiiiiges produced in Eagle Lake by raising the dam two feet
would not be very great. Fishing would be improved and some power could
be developed with an almost negligible loss of property.

Little Eagle Lake. — Little Eagle Lake (Chapman Lake) has an area of
.822 square miles. It has a maximum depth of 38 feet. Along most of its
shore line the bottom slojies rather gently, so that a slight change in level
makes a marked change in area.

In recent years the outlet of this lake has been dredged, in an effort
to reclaim some marsh land on the south and west of the lake. Some
onions have been raised on this land, but most of it is not productive, for
all of the lowland lying west of the lake is composed of marl.

This dredging of the outlet has exposed many acres of fine fish breed-
ing ground on the east side and it lias reduced the feeding groitnd on the
west side. The east side has many good building sites, some of whicn are
developed. The lowering of the lake has reduced the value of these prop-
erties by making the landing with boats more diflicidt and by making the
shore line more distant.

The changes proiiosed for this IjUvC would just about restore the orig-
inal conditions. See accompanying map.

Palcf<1)»c Lake. — Pale.^tine Lake is said to contain 1.100 acres or 1.71
square miles. There are two small depressions whose maximum depth is .30
feet, but the most of the lake is less than ten feet deep. All shallow parts
of the lake, comprising about five-sixths of it. are filled Avith an almost con-
tinuous mass of water plants. These shallows evidently formed an old
flood plain or mai-sh that has been covered with water by damming the
outlet.

The water from the dam is used to run a flouring mill. The turbine
delivers forty-seven horse-power at a seven-foot head.

Vs'v liave not completed the sounding and mapping of this lake and
until this is finished it is impossible to say with certainty just what would
be the best treatment for this lake to receive. It is certainly a valuable
impounding basin as it is ; and it seems that a small amount of land would
be submerged by raising the water above its present level ; thus increasing
Its efficiency as an impounding basin, and the amount of power developed.

On llie other hand, this is one of the few lakes in which the lowering
ot the outlet would expose a relatively large amount of land. Because of
this exce]itional condition, it is necessary to collect all of the data before

186

MAP OF KOSCIUSKO COUNTY, INDIANA. SHOWING THE LOCATION OF THE
LAKES DISCUSSED IN THIS PAPER.

187

a just estimate of the various values can be made. It may he more ecouom-
ieal In this case to remove the dam, in order to secure land for farming;
but the evidence at pre'^ent indicates that the dam should be raised rather
than lowered.

COXCLUSION.

Fruni the data inrsciitt'tl, it is evident that tlie stiirafie capacity of lakes
can be increased by dannning, and that by properly mani])nlating these
dams the excess accumulated can be discharged during periods of minimum
rainfall. This will benetit the streams to which the lakes aro tributary

(1) by decreasing the maximum discharge, thus preventing floods, and

(2) by increasing the minimum discharge, which will add to all the ele-
ments that have been enumerated in stream valuation.

By analyzing the conditions carefully in each lake these changes can
be made so that the value of the lakes and the property adjoining, when
considered as a whole, will be increased.

Many details are yet to be worked out. Imt the advisaliility of this pro-
cedure is already apparent.

KEFERENCES.

Large, Thomas : Map of Webster Lake. I'roc. Ind. Acad. Sci. "OG.
Map of Tippecanoe Lake. Ihid. '!»<;.

Norris, A. A.: Map of Winona, l*ike and ('entei' Lakes. Troe. Ind.
Acad. Sci. •01. p. 117.

Tucker, W. :\I. : Water power of Indian.-i. Rept. Ind. Dept. Geol. and
Nat. Res. '11. pp. 469-5.38.

189

First Steps in Indiana Forestry.

Stanley Coulter.

It i« nut meant by the title choseu to intimate that much preparatory
work along forestal lines has not been clone lu the state. The work of
a^yakenin.a: popular interest in forestry has been well clone, it not. perhaps,
overdone. In the schools by direct instruction, through the stimulus of
arbor day exercises and by the wise and vigorous activity of the Indiana
Forestry Association, practically every community has been reached. Upon
the Forest Reserve tlie State Board of Forestiy has conducted a large
series of experiments and has collected a vast mass of data touching prac-
tically every phase of wood-lot management. Its reports and press bulle-
tins, together with its educational contests, have served to increase and in-
tensify interest in the movement for the conservation of our remaining
forests. I suggested that perhaps this preparatory phase of the work had
been over-accented, for rhere is such a thing, on the one hand, as spending
so much time on preparation as to leave none for accomplishment, and on
the other, by overstimulus to incite to ill-considered and poorly planned ef-
forts. In Indiana the latter has been the case. An examination of the facts
shows a very large number of instances of tree planting; plantings run-
ning up to the hundreds in number, into the thousands of acres in area and
containing Iiundreds of thousands of trees. A review of the inspection of
plantations as given in the reports of the State Board of Forestry reveals
an activity in tree planting tbat is positi\'ely marvelous and almost incred-
ible when the returns or rather lack of returns are taken into account. It
is a sad fact l)ut a true one that approximately 70 per cent of these plant-
ings are total failures. In them, the total crop sold at the highest price
v.'ould not equal the cost expended upon them. The remaining 30 per
cent can only be regarded as partially successfvil. Only in a small fraction
01 the cases can the stand be regarded as representing the full capacity of
the area. The schools also have had arbor day exercises for years, exer-
cises which have doulitless been helpful and stimulating in many ways, but

190

the .school yurds in the main are as destitute of trees as they were before
arbor day was projected.

All of this shows iutei'est ; it further .shows a willingness to expend time
and effort and money in tree planting, but it also shows with equal clear-
ness that there has been enthusiasm without kno^^'ledge, and that in In-
diana the first steps in forestry from the standpoint of results are yet to be
taken. Incidentally it maj- be remarked that tree planting is not neces-
sarily forestry, it is merely a single phase of forestry.

For the purpose of this paper we may omit the consideration of orna-
mental plantings, whether of streets or lawns or parks, and confine the
discussion to tlie wood-lot and to the denuded area which is to be refor-
ested. In the management of the wood-lot from the standpoint of conserva-
tion three things are .sought: (1) The largest amount of timber per acre
that the land will can-y; (2) the best quality of timber possible; (.3) the
production of this maximum quantity and optimum quality in the shortest
time possible. If these ends are accomplished there is evidently need of a
technical kno\^ledge which is usually not possessed by the landowner,
and which in the multiplicity of his activities he has no time to acquire.
If the largest quantity and best quality possible is secured from a given
area it will be because those species of trees are selected which are adapted
to the conditions of .soil, of moisture, and of climate. It will also be in
part because of species equally adav)te(l to a given locality, those which
make the more rapid growth, are more immune to insect and fungus in-
vasion, which are less sensitive to unfavorable climatic conditions, have
L'een chosen for encouragement. In a general way conditions which make
for a vigorous and healthy growth make also for the best quality of tim-
ber, whether we consider weight or strength or direction of fibre or
beauty of grain. In the large range of species available, in the variety,
indeed, found in the average wood-lot, how many landowners have a suf-
ficiently accurate knowledge upon these points to enable them to select
species for encouragement with such certainty as to insure profitable re-
turns? Taking the plantings referred to above, the failures came from
lack of knowledge, not from lack of interest or enthusiasm. Most of the
plantings were of black locust < r hardy catalpa, plaiiU<l, probalily. with trie
|)urpose of short rotation nuiniigciiiciit for jiost or tie stuff; but very often
locust was iilanted on ground wliiili in .-ill reason should have been planted
to cataljia .-ind catalpa was jilantcd on uround tar better suited to locust.
The result, of coui'se, lias been lailiire more or less coinplete, with loss of

!)1

money juid time and use of land and. worst of all, loss of faitli in flic jiossi-
bility of forest improvement. The argument is that this knuwiedKe is
strictly technical Imowledge, the property of the specialist. It is not
within the knowledge of the landowner, nor would he he .iustitied in
taking the time required for acquiring it from his other work. This is
a very summary and incomplete resume of some of the silvical factors
(-ntering into the problem of securing maximum quantity and optimum
(luality in the shortest time.

The wood-lot, also, if it serve its purpose must yield its owner rea-
sonable returns upon his investment and yield such returns at regular
intervals. If it fails to do so its maintenance is bad business. If the
wood-lot is regarded as an investment, perpetuity must always be in
mind. It is then not mei'ely securing a return at some given period of
time, it is insuring by sufficient reproduction the harvesting of similar
crops at future periods. How much shall be cut? How often shall cut-
tings occur? What relation shall the time of cutting bear to the time
of regeneration? What species in the stand shall be en( ouraged and
what species eliminated? How shall the amount cut be known to equal
the amount grown between cutting cyles? These are a few of the fac-
tors entering into the problem from the standpoint of management, which
is after all applied economics. Here again the knowledge is expert knowl-
edge, it is not in the possession of the landowner nor lias he time to acquire
it. Yet because these factors are not considered ultimate failure is bound
to result.

It seems that we have an inevitable deduction. Provision should be
made as a part of the force under control of the State Board of Forestry
lor an expert field agent whose duty it should be to furnish working plans
to the wood-lot owner which will ixixe direction and certainty to his efforts
to secure the largest .luantity and tlie best quality in the shortest time pos-
sible. Each tract should be inspected carefully before the working plan
is outlined in order that local conditions, wdiich are of the highest import-
ance, may be taken into account. Along constructive lines, the lines of
securing results, the appointment of a trained field agent is absolutely the
first step. Until such an office is created forestry work will be as ineffective
and futile in the future as it has been in the past. Advice as to cleanings,
Itinnings, reinforcement, control of noxious insects and Injurious fungi
would naturally be among the functions of such a field agent.

Before any very great measure of success can be hoped for, provision

192

must be made of such a chnractor that the kin(lo\\iicr may secure the
Keeded supply of seedlings, true to species and at a reasonaljle price. Under
present conditions this is practically impossilile. Nurseries as at present
oi'ganized deal in forest trees mainly to supply the demand for street and
ornamental planting. The placing of an order for a given species running
up into tile tliousands or nerljaps tens of thousands of seedlings is practi-
cally impossil)le except perliaps in the case of hlack locust and catalpa. In-
deed it is not probable tliat nurserymen would care to undertake to meet
such demands. Tlie cost of collecting tlie seed, tlie additional area and
labor involved, taken in connection with tlie fact tliat such orders could
only be expected occasionally and that there would be no possible method
of estimating tlie average annual demand for each of the species, would
make such an enterprise one of very doubtful profit under tavorable con-
ditions and of very certain and large loss under unfavorable conditions.
This means the establishment of a state nursery or nurseries, by the State
Board of Forestry under expert direction, from which needed material for
future plantings may be secured.

The experimental work at the reserve has gone far enough to intlicate
what .species should be encouraged in reenforcemeut and new plantings, to
demonstrate the best time tor planting a^ well as the best metliod of iilaiit-
ing, to show clearly enough the proper care and treatment after planting
and. to furnish a fair estimate of the expense involved in a correct prac-
tice. It is well within the law under which the board was created, tliat it
should now t.ake the next logii-al step, namely, the furnishing o!' suitable
material for such plantings at practically the cost of production. Under
the very best conditions from 3 to G per cent, is the best (li\i(leii(l that can
l)e e.xpected in forestal enterprises, so that any mai'ked increase in the
iiiititil cost i»i"(H'ludes all possibility of pi'ofit. The (list riluilion of this ma-
terial slioiili] lie carefully controlled. It should be supplied only i'l'i" affor-
estation or the reenforcemeut of existing wooiMcts and never loi' sti-eet
or ornamental purposes. Tlie exjiei-ience of th(> state nurseries in Con-
necticut, Massachusetts, and other states shows that this control offei-s no
difficulty and that a demand is met which the nurs(>rynien cannot meet and
do not care to meet. Indeed it lias been shown that since the estalilishment
of state nurseries the sale of forest ti'ce stock ]>y ntirsei-y lirnis Ins largely
increased, although it may he (luc^tioned wliethei- the relation is :\ causal
one. It is certain that tlie Hoard of {"orestiy by establishing such nnrseries
\vo\dd accomplish nnich in the \\a\ of iniin-oN ini;' existing wdod-lots ;ind in

193

the afforestation of denuded and waste lands. It cannot be too slronicly
enipliasized that in sncli work the state is ii;it ciiterinii: into (■onii)t'tltion
with nnrserynien. lint is merely endeavoriuii to meet exceptional needs
which lie beyond the Held of ordinary m rsciy on^anization and imrpose.
It would of course be better if a series of nurseries could lie established
so located as- to tiive not merely the best cdnditions lor the L'rdwth
of tlie seedlin.ijs. but also to meet the needs of different localities. This i-e-
tinement of method is perhaps beyond the bounds of reasonable ex-
pectation, but certainly the suppl.v of desirable species true to type at
the mininuun < dst is another step in a constru;tive forest po'icy. Api)arent
difhculties cannot be ( onsidered in this connection, but in tlie main they
will bo found to concern details capalile of a fairl.v easy ad.iustment ; none
seem to be fundamental.

A third step in a constrictive forest polic.v would be the (U'nanization
of a series of cooperative plantings. In this case the landowner and
state cooperate. The proper otHcial selects and furnishes the young
trees, personally oversees their iilanting and gives direction for their
future care. The landowner pa.\s transjiortatidn ( Imrges on the seedlings
and furnishes the labor involved in tlie planting; be also agrees to fol-
low the directions for after care and to make rejiort upon the planting
at spccitied times. The advantage is two-fold; tlie constructive work of
the 15oard of F(n-estry covers a large ]iait of the state, while tlie land-
owner secures expert advice and mateiial in return for his labor and
care. This jilaii has been in successful operation in Oliio for a number of
years with extremely satisfactory results in the ma.iority of cases. Of
course in this as in all other cooperative enterprises an o;-casional man
fails to keep faith. Practically the same plan ]ircv;iils in all ;igricultural
colleges. Purdue T'niversity h;is coopei'ative plats in all pai"ts of the state
bearing u](oii wwy form of cntp from alfalfa to aitples. Such coopei'ation
would involve but little cx](ense if the ofhce of held expert in Forestry
were createil and a state nursery established. Indeed, the expense involved
in the salaiy of ;i field cxi)ert. in the establishment and maintenance of
state nurseries for furnishing tree seedlings and in the institution of a
series of cooperative plantings taken together would seem absurdly small
when compared with the interests involved.

Successful tree plantin-. which is oidy anothei' name for successful for-
estry, is in a (crtain sense mii essentially local ]iro|iosition. So much de-

l.V-101!)

194

pciids upon tlic {|ii;ility and cliaractci- of llic soil, npuii the watci' Icvc! or tlic
soil, upon the climate, exposure, topoijrapliy and a host of other factors,
that what might be good practice upon one tract would l)e had practice
ui)OU auotlier possilily l(ut sliuditly removed. All of which means that
deductions drawn from the study of a single area cannot lie safely applied
over the area of a state. Concretely, the deductions drawn from the ex-
perimental studies at the Forest Heservatlon are applicable only to like
ai'eas. that is to those with similar escological conditions. They are not ap-
lilicable to the conditions ])revailing in the central counties and are of lit-
tle signiticaiK-e so far as the sand-dnne regions of the state are conc(>rned.
So much depends upon the soil character as regards the health and vigor
and rapidity of growth of the tree that, it nmst always be taken into ac-
count. In ;in area such as Indiana, elevation and climate are so nearly
uniform as to be negligible, but the soil is in different case. As each spe-
cies has its optimum soil any constructive forest polic.v will jirovide for
demonstration areas .>^o iocjited as to re])i'es(>nt cxcr.v type of soil found in
tile state. This would hivohc the purchase of land unless arrangements
could be made to utilize some of the holdings of properly located state in-
stitutions. That the ac(iuisition of land by the state for forestal purpose is
regarded as sound economic policy is plainl.v .shown by the large and con-
stantly increasing area of such holdings in New York. Peinisylvania, Michi-
gan. Minnesota, and other states. The tracts need not be large foi' the
accomplishment of the desiicil pnrjiose. so that the entire amount rcipiiriMl
would probably not (>xccc(l I'OO or :!()(» acres. For the success of such work
absolute control of rlie Iracls should lie vested in the State I'.oanl of
Forestr.v. ;i lact wliicji ni;ikc> purchase nioi-e desirable than a use by suf-
ferance of tile lands of st.itc insfitulions. .Vn ;itt(>nipt to cjirry out the
suggestion ot foi-nier (iovernor .Marsli:ill that such denioiisti-;ition iilats
sJniuld be opci'ated njion c(Mint,\- fai'ni'^ showed the extreme dilliculties at-
tending t'.ie N'ery lirst steps in siich joint <'ontriil.

If we consider the pi'olilem of the recovering of denuded and waste
area^- the nei-essitv <'l' tlie e\ii"rt lield agent licconic^ nion^ apparent. Whai
to pl.-int in an.v gi\en localitv is a iirohleni invohing a very wide range of
I'actors ruinnng from silvical requii'cnients to econonnc conditions. \vt a
consideration of ;ill of these factors is absolutely essential if the work
liroves at all |irolitable. From the merely sil\ical st;mdiioint it is per-
lia|(s natui-al to infer that the species thai ha\i' grown upon any mven
area, having prov-ed tbeii- lilness I'm- the pa rt iciil.-ii- locality. ;n-e the ones

195

that in afforestation operntimis would -ivc tlic iricati'st iM'oinisc of success.
As a matter of fact sucli a conclusion is moi-c often incorrect than correct.
The region has lost its foi-est tloor witli all its far-reaching influence in
maintaining soil fertility, moisture and jiorosity: it has been subjected to
the desiccating and coni]ia(tiiig effects of sun and wind: liy drainage its
water level may have l>een decidedly lowei-ed : It has lost the protection of
adjoining forests and is tlierefore more sensitive to adverse climatic condi-
tions such as changes of temperature, wind, etc : many of the trees in the
original forest may have heen of species which can only find their normal
development and growth rate when sheltered or jiartially slu'ltered. Indeed
it is very rarely the case that the original forest can be restored. Its place
must he taken by one composed of species adapted to the new conditions.
.Tnst what species these new conditi((us indicate it is difficult for the expert
to determine; it is entirely beyond solution by the average landowner save
through the expensive school of experiment. In afforestation more defi-
nitely and vitally than in reinfoi-cement and impro\-emeiit do we find Ihat
the imperative need in forestry in Indiana is the tteM expert.

Incidentally much remains to be done in the way of education. Rela-
tively few species are of suthcient econmnic value to promise pi'olitable re-
turns. Each of these species has its optimum conditions, each has advan-
tages and disadvantages arising fr(mi its silvical proi)erties. Careful studies
shcndd be made of these available species and of their reciuii-ements for the
most rapid growth and healthiest development. These studies should be
supplemented by others which dettnitely locate the areas in the state where
these optimum conditions foi' the various species are to be found or if the
specific locality is not given, of the type of soil furnishing these conditions.
If this were done the landowner in Hancock or Elkhart or Gibson county
would have in his possession the data needed for the formidation of a ra-
tional management of his wood-lot. The preparation of such a series of
studies would take time, but the good accomplished would be innneasur-
ahle. The old iiroi)het cried. "The people perish through ignorance." which
we may paraphrase to read, "Our forests perish through ignorance."

Back of all this and in a certain sense fundamental is a classification
of the soils of the stati-. Any true conservation demands that every re-
source be utilized for its highest vabies. This is as true of soils as of gas
or gold. In Indiana ceilain soils give and always will give their highest
values in the form of ordinary field crops, or horticulture. Other soils
always have and always must yield their highest retvu-n from ti'ee crops.

196

Some iuterimHliatc (■(Hidilions i!i;i\ iiidicatt' that a part of a .:j;ivt'U area
should be devoted to crops, part to trees. It is necessary that the al)so]ute-
ly agricultural, the absolutely forestal and the intermediate soils be accur-
ately delimited. AVheii this is done the soil can be mana.u;ed in such a way
as to yield its highest returns. Until this is done we shall continue to have
the economic anomaly of trees upon agricultural land and of crops upon
forestal lands. The United States is far behind other countries in this
classitication of its soils and the devotion of each type to its highest form
of utilization. Until such classitication is made little constructive work
of a permanent character can be done.

Summarizing: Tliere is no lack of interest and enthusiasm; indeed
they have far outrun knowledge. l'>nough data bearing upon the subject
are in hand to justify constructive work. To insure success six things
are necessary.

1. The Field Expert at the ser\ice of landowners.

2. The state nurseries for furnishing matei'ial true to .species at the
)niniinum iirice.

3. Cooperative plantings extended until they reach every county in
the state.

4. Demonstrations plats so located .-is to represent fairly every soil
type in the state.

"). Definite instructions as to ;ivailal)le species for given localities or
at least for given types of soils.
(i. A classiticiition of soils.

The consideration of a constructive policy which would produce re-
sults in the way of improved forest conditions, of a rapid and rational re-
clothing of denuded and waste areas W(Hild natiii-ally Iik hide ii:any topics
iiot discussed in this papei'. net because ol their lack of iiertinence. luit for
a very apparent lack of time. In tiie case of the tens of thousands of acres
of waste and wasting h\uils. in tlie soutlicni hill reuioii, in tiic iioiTliern
sand-dunes, in uiidrainaole lowlands, can the individii.-il afford afforesta-
ti(jn work, or is tlie ]iroli](ui f)ne for tlie ^t;ite'.' if it i< ;i prohl(>m for the
st.ate, how is the l;iinl In nc ;ic(niii('d .mih! what sli:iil be the n.Mlui'e and
control of such tracts after tiieir ac(iidrementV I'ersonally. I have some
very decideil views niton the jioints which I hojie to jtresent at some otiiei
time. .\{ pi'csent 1 iii'-i'dv <iii,'u-est them as ;iii evident part of any couipre-
hensivi constructive foi-i-si policy. thom;h not ]ierli;i|is to he regarded as
among the lirst stejts in its initiation.

197

The Taxation of Forest Lands in Indiana.

H. W. Anderson.

The commou argument against the i)resei"vation of woodlands by land-
owners in this and other states similarly situated is that the land in timber
is lying idle and that the taxes are "eating it up." Many farmers today
would have a forty or sixty-acre woodlot had they not felt that the taxes
on this land was wasted money. It is true that woodlands are often as-
sessed at much below their actual value because the income from them is
small, but unless there is marketable timber on the land there is no annual
return, as in the case of yearly crops such as wheat and corn.

Many business or professional men in our cities would like to own a
piece of timber land where they could take their families for a few weeks
in the summer or where they coiild go to hunt or camp. These men can
afford to buy cheap land on which there is a growth of young timber
which on account of its slow growth wouhl not be of much actual value to
the present owner, but would be a valuable piece of land in the future.
Here again the problem of meeting the yearly taxes prevents the prospec-
tive buyer from purchasing the laud. The present owner of this land
will probably cut down the young growth, plow up the ground and try to
raise a few nubbins on it.

Again there are lands in the southern part of the state which on ac-
count of their luitillable character might be purchased cheaply and be
utilized for growing timber on a commercial scale if the taxes were properly
adjusted. These lands for the most part are now supporting a scrub
growth of useless trees and underbrush.

In oi'der to encourage the farmer and landowner to hold on to their
woodlots or small forest lands and to encourage timber growing on a com-
mercial scale there should lie devised a system of taxation for such lands
which would be fair to the other taxpayers of the state and yet not bur-
den the woodlot owners witli an unreasonable tax on land which is return-
ing nothing to them at the present time. Many states, recognizing the un-

198

fairuess of a general iirdperty tax ou wdddlaiids have so nioditied their
taxation laws that this olijeet may be accomplished. It is also true that
the basis of taxation in one state may not apply in another, so that each
state shouhl make a caret'nl study of thi' conditions within its bounds be-
fore modifying its taxation laws. For example, some of the eastern states
have townships and counties in which the larger per cent, of the land is
covered with forests. To exempt these from taxation for a periotl of
years would worlc a liardship on tl>.e reniaiuing taxpayers of the township
or county. In this state, however, we have no such condition to meet.

A brief examination of the taxation laws pertaining to the forest
lands in various states may be of interest. These facts were obtained from
the "Report of the Special Commission on Taxation of Woodlands in Con-
necticut." This report was made in 1913, so that it contains the latest
available data on the subject. This report shows that the following four-
teen states have made special laws in regard to forest taxation: Alabama.
Connecticut. Iowa. Maine, Massacluisetts. Michigan, Nebraslca. New Hamp-
shire. New York. North Dakota. Rhode Island. Vei'uiont. Washington and
Wisconsin. Thirty-four states have no special legislation but tax W(K)(1-
land under the general property tax.

Eight of the fourteen states mentioned above have laws which, being
similar in nature, may be grouped inider <»ne head. These provide for an
exemption of all taxes for a period ranging in the dift'erent states from ten
to tliirt.y years. There are usually conditions attached to these exemptions
i-eipiiring certain care of the foi-est or the planting of certain species.
Washington exemjits all fruit t'"ees and forest trees artificially grown,
while Nortli Dakota gi-ants a bonnt,\- on fcrcsl planting. Iowa has a tax
on the basis of a valuation of one dollar per acre for a period of eight
years. Here the owner must meet cei'tain conditions as to area of reserva-
tion, number of siiecies and c:ire of tnu'S.

The laws of Michigan arc es|ic<-ially interesting and will b(» dealt with
in detail. This state has .a yield tax l;iw. It ju-ovidcs for the rcsei'va-
tion of a liiiiitcd area. There must he at least 1T(> trees per .acre, (ira/.ing
aud the I'cnioval of not more than onc-llfth iu aii\' one \-c;ir are forbidden,
then there is le\ied a liiial tav of ."> pel" cent, of the \aluation at the tiiui>
of cutting. The m;iin (a'iticisni of this law is the complicated machinery
em]>loyeil in the valuation and the collection of the taxes. No ])rovision is
made foi' the larger forest areas.

199

Many states have appointed special cnimuittees or commissions to
investi?j:ate the snlgeet jf forr»^t taxation and to recommend measures to
the lei^islature. In Massacliusetts. ()hiii and New Hampsliire constitu-
tional amendments were necessary to pcrndt state legislation aion.i; this
line. These amendments were made and adopted by tlie vote of tiie people,
'i'his is of special interest to us since I shall ])resi>ntly show tliat a consti-
tutional amendment is also necessary in this state.

"Wherever conimissions have been appointed to investi.sjcate tliis subject
they have urged strongly the necessity of special legislation and have
stated that the general property tax is not satisfactory in tluit it is nn.jusc
to the lioider of woodbind and gives uncertainty to forest in\estnienl.

The recommendations made by the commission in Coiniecticnt ar.'
especially important in that their investigations were made puolic after a
thorough study of the taxation laws of this and European countries. T
shall quote them in full :

"The Coiinuission reconunends the enactment of a law which will
include the following provisions :

"(li Separate classification of forest lands for the i)urpose of taxa-
tion to be made on application of the owner, provided the value of the land
alone does not exceed $25 per acre. Certificate of classification to be
issued by the state forester after due exannnation as to compliance with
requirements of the law.

"(2) At time of classification, pi'esent true and actual value of land
and standing timber to be deternuned separately, and valuation then
established to be continued for a term el fifty years, with rev;ilnations to be
established at the end of that period and continued for a further term cf
fifty years.

"(3) When classified, nntural foi'est land to be subject to tax at a
rate not exceeding ten mills on lioth land and timl)er at the separate
valuations established as indicated in (2), and a yield tax to be levied or,
the timber when cut. at a rate prescribed by l;iw and varying with the
time dni-ing which the land has been classified. Such land when cut clear
suhsequeid to classification, and reforested either natui-ally or l)y i)lantiug,
to he reclassified as young forest under (4) if app1icati(ai for such reclassi-
fication is made liy the owner: otherwise the land to be taxed at the
prescribed rate on the valuation alreadv established for the whole pi-operty
until end of the fifty-year period.

200

'•(-1) When cliissiticd. land planted with forest trees under specified
conditions, or young forest not more tlian ten years old to be taxed annually
at a rate not to exceed ten mills on a valuation of the land alone estab-
lished as indirated in (IM, and a yield tax of 10 i)er cent, to be levied on tlu-
value of the timber wlien cut."

The remaining recommendations apply only to conditions in Con-
necticut and need not be given here.

The system of taxation liere recommended is based on sound forestry
principles, and on tlie whole would be applicable to Indiana conditions.
However this may be fui'ther siniplilicd since the object of levying a smaM
land tax in Connecticut is to pi'eveiit impoverishment of tliose townships
wliere tliere are large areas of forest, a condition which does not exist in
tliis state. A reasonable yield tax is all that is vcipiired in Indiana.

The ideal system of taxation is that used in many European countries,
i. e.. the income tax. In this connection I wish to quote from a recent
article by I'rofessor F. R. Fairchild of Yale University:

"Tliore is a tendency among tlie progressive states of Eui'oi)e towarJ
agreement n;>on the general outline of tax system. As a rule tlie tax
systems of JOnropean states are !)ased primarily upon in':'ome, ratlier than
upon property as in the United States. The general income tax is normally
the basis of the system ; tlie tax is usually progressive, the rate increasing
with the size of the income. . . .

"I'orests in Europe are ordinarily subiect to state taxation and to local
or eommimal taxation. As a rule forests are subject to one or more of
three important taxes: (1) the income tax, (2) the ground tax, and (o)
the property tax.

"The Ground Tax. — Tlie ground tax is a yield tax. It is based upon
the productivity of the soil and is mensnred liv the yield wiiii-h is normally
to be expected m view of the general character of the soil and the iise to
which it is devoted. It is not based upon the actual income reci'ived frori
any ])articnlar piece of land. iVo account is taktMi of the peculiarities either
in the management of the property or in the personal situation of the
owner. Having determined the (piality of the soil and tlx- general char-
acter of the forest stand, it is assumed that the Mianagcniciit is the same
as normally iirevails in that region. Also when the i»revailiiig kind ot
wood and management have Ik'imi dc( iiled upon no account is taken of
peci-.liariti(>s in the condition of a ])articular forest. 'I'he ownt>r who. by

201

careful uuiuajjeiiu'iit keeps his furest in uiuisuallv i,'(>(>(l (■(uiditidii pjivs im
extra tax on account of the increased yield resultinj^. ... In determin-
ing the money value of the yield, use is made of the average prices of
timber and other forest products which have in'evailed during m number of
pa.st yeai's.

"On account of the ditHculties inherent in the ground tax, tliis form
of taxation has u'encrally declined in importance. In only a few states
today is the ground tax the principal method ot taxing forests. In most
progressive states the ground tax remains only as a supplementary tax in
a sy.stem based primarily upon other methods of taxation.

"The Income Tax. — Most European states have as a mire or le.ss
hnport.'int part of their revenue system a general income tax. This is a
tax upon incomes from certain specified sources which include i>retty much
.ill important sourc-es of incom!\ The income from forestry is subject to
the income tax where such a tax exists. . . .

"The income tax, unlike the ground tax, is a personal tax. Instead of
assuming a certain normal income, as is done under the ground tax, the
income tax takes account of the actual income received l)y the individual
in question from the particular source specified. . . .

"The rate of the income tax varies witli the size of the income and is
different in different states. It is seldom that the maximum rate exceeds
5 per cent.''

We cannot hoiie to 'lave these ideal systems of taxation for some time
to come, so it is best to look toward the modification of our present system
in order to make it more just and toleral)le.

Our woodlands are a valuable asset to the state and it is our duty to
see that everything is done to conserve them. An attempt has ))eeu made
l)y the speaker to show that our jn'esent system of taxation is unjust toward
the owners of M'oodland and should be changed. Unfortunately our consti-
tution provides for a general i)roi)ert.\ tax. Section 1. Article X, states
that "The general assembly shall provide by law for a uniform and eqna]
rate of assessment and taxation." It would, therefore, be necessary to
have an amendment to our constitution to cover this matter. Other states
have accomplished this and there seems no good reason wdiy it cannot bo
done in this state.

However it is not the purpose of the speaker to go further in this
matter than to urge the appointment of a commission by the Governor of

202

ludiMiin for tlic iiivostigntidii of the conditions in this state and the recom-
mendation of some phin wheroliy th<' woodlands of the state may 1)e more
justly taxed. As a scientitic body interested in this ({uestion we sliould
represent to the proper autliorities oui- desire for tlie ajipointmcnt of sucli
a commission In this state.

203

Forests and Floods.

F. M. Andrews.

The relation which forests liear in mariy ways to tlie flow of rivers is a
question of tlie utmost importance to the wliole country. When one
observes wliat lias been anrl still is being done in most parts of the United
States toward forest destruction it seems strange that the people, as a
whole liave been so slow in waking up to the seriousness of the situation.
Only within very recent years is the public beginning to realize tluit the
forests are vanishing rapidly and that they are confronted l»y a serious
problem. The.^ have destroyed tlie vast forests of this country apparently
with no thought or regard for the consequences. Now they are beginning
to reap the reward of their shortsightedness in a score or more ways.
Chief among the results causcnl by the continued removal of the forests is
the frequent recurrence of floods which become more and more destructive.
There have been and perhaps still an some people who l)elieve that the
forests are inexhaustible. How such l)elief can exist at the present, in
view of such evideut disa])])earance of forests every \\here is very surpris-
ing. A less commendable attitude than this a])i)arent ignorance is the
positi(.n some assume that there will be timber enough in the country
during their lifetime and that therefore they need not concern tlieniselves
as to the future. A great service, howe^-er, for the pre.servation of our
forests and tJieir i)roper management has been performed by the admirable
work of the Forestry Department of the United States Government. Excel-
lent work nlso has been rendered liy the various forestry schools of the
different institutions and by farsighted indi\'iduals the country over wh'i
have seen the im])ending dangers and have endeavored by means of educa-
tion and by timely counsel and advice to avert the dire consequences
resulting from the wholesale destruction of the forests.

Within recent years special and important studies h:ive been made in
order to ascertain to what extent the flow of various streams is (le])endent

204

oil forests' and surface eoiulitioiis in general.' Hall and Maxwell in
their study gathered together the data for a number of rivers from
records which had been kept for sixteen to tliirty-four years. The follow-
ing data, taken from their table on page 4 of Hall and Alaxwell's papers,
will furnish proof tliat floods are on the inereast.

The Potomac River was measured at Harper's Ferry, Va. It drains a
basin of 9,363 square miles. In the first period of record (1890-1898) of
nine years there were nineteen floods lasting thirty-three days. There
were 1,351 days of low water.

In the second period of record (1899-1907) of nine years there wer(-
twenty-six floods lasting fifty-seven days. The increase of rainfall in the
second period was only .13 of an inch per year. I>ays of low water 1,693.

The MonoHfjahela h'ircr was measured at Lock 4. Pennsylvania. It
drains a basin of 5,430 square miles.

In the first period (18S6-1SU6) of eleveji years there were thirty floods
lasting fifty -five days. There were 912 days of low water.

In the second period (1897-1907) of eleven years there were fifty-two
Hoods lasting one hundred days. Tliere were 979 days of low water. The
rainfall decreased only .08 of an inch per year.

The Cumberland River was measured at Buruside, Ky. It drains a
basin of 3,739 square miles.

In tlie first period (1890-1898) of nine years there were thirty-two
floods lasting eight-nine days. There were 1,261 days of low water.

In the second period (1899-1907) of nine years there were forty-three
floods lasting 102 days. Tliere were 1.57(> days of low water. The rainfall
decreased .54 of an inch per year.

The Wateree River was measured at Camden. S. (\ It drains a basin
of 5,185 square miles.

In the first period (1892-1899) of eight years there were forty-six
floods lasting 147 days. Tliere were 1,164 da.^s of low water.

In the second period (1900-1907) of eight years there were seventy
floods lasting 187 days. There were ."bs days of low water. Tlie rainfa'll
increased .25 of an inch per year.

'J']ie i^avannuh River was measured at Augusla. (ia. It drains a basin
of 7,300 Sfiuare miles.

' Touiiioy, JuniL'.s VV. The Relation of Forests to Stream Flow. VcMrhook of tlio Dopartmonts
of .^Kriculture, 1903, pp. 27fl-288.

' Hail, \\m. 1,. and Maxwell, Hu. Forest Service Circular I'ti, liilO.

205

In the first period ( ISKO-ISUS) oi" nine years there were forty-seven
floods lasting 116 days. There were 506 days of low water.

In the second period (1899-1907) of nine years there were fifty-eight
floods lasting 170 days. There were 292 days of low watei'. The rainfall
decreased .17 of an incli ]ier year.

The Ohio River was nicasui-cd at A\ heeling. W. Va. It drains a basin
of 23,S20 square miles.

In the first period (lss2-ls;)4) of thirteen years there were forty-six
Hoods lasting 143 .lajs. There were 1,.333 days of low water.

In the second period (1S95-1907) of thirteen years tliere were fifty-
nine floods lasting ISS da:4s. There were l,t!09 days of low water. Tho
rainfall decreased .11 of an incli aiimiaLly.

The data here cited for the above mentioned rivers is also true for
many other streams, but these will serve as good examples of what has
been and is taking place wherever deforestation has occurred. In such
rivers as the Ohio, Cumberland, and Wateree, changes are most conspicuous,
and it is in these that most of the foresi has been remo\'ed, while least
change appear in those streams where most of the forests remain.'

This state of affairs is what we should expect, but the data given for
the rivers referred to prcjves this by direct observation and leaves the
matter no longer a question of guesses or opinion.

From what has just been said it is certain that as deforestation prog-
resses floods will, with equal amounts of precipitation, become more fre-
quent and increase in severity. To l)e sure, there are other factors that
enter someAvhat into any consideration of the cause of floods. Among
these may be mentioned rainfall, season of the year and temperature,
character of the soil, presence of lakes w^hich might impound a good part
of the "run-olf" temporarily and afterwards gradually supply it to the
streams, and thus while at first preventing flood afterwards lessen the
length;\- perioils of low water. Also the question of whether the land is
nearly level or very hilly and steep is important. A lieavy precipitation
might do no damage whatsoever in th( former case, whereas in the latter
am )ng steep and deforested land the destruction might be appalling.

But after w^e have considered all these points ;ind many others that
might l)e mentioned, the fact remains that the chief cause of the frequent

' Hall, Wm. :ind .Maxwell, Hu. l''orest Service Circular 170, p. :i.

206

ami destructive floods in this state and elsewhere is the wholesale destruc-
tion of the forests.

Another jtroof of the ellicienc.v in controlling,' the "i-nn-ofl"" has been
furnished by Tourney/ He made a study of a number of small areas with
reference to precipitation and run-off in the San Hernardino Mountains.
California. He found in vvi'vy case tliat tlie foi'est had a very decided
effect in re.srulating the run-off of the water and in the regulation of stream
flow. In this way tlie forests ol southern Indiana espe:-iaUy have been of
•^reat value. Within the last (|uarter of a century by fnr the greater part
of the Indianti forests have been removed, so that now but few areas of the
primeval foi'ests remain. That raiii therefore, which falls, has in juost
cases, nothing on the steep sctil to check it and disastrous floods are the
result.

In the forest the heavy rain is lii'st checked i)y the large trees and
tlieir foliage. From these the water next falls to the smaller ti'ees and
bushes, then to tlu' thick carpet of leaves. The lower jiart of this bed of
leaves is in partial decay and here again niuch of the water percolating
through is temporarily arrested, from here the w:itei- is further arrested
by the generally deep humus soil. In this way e\'en most long-coniinu(>d
and heavy rains are effectually checked and a disastrims flood cannot well
occur in a region possessing such a covering of the land. In addition most
of the water which Is checked in this way instead of rushing off as on
barren land, gradually runs oi- seeps away, thus reiiulating the flows of
streams and maintaining the nearly even and continued flow of spi-ings.

'"I'licre Imve been later floods in the ()hio I{i\'ei- than the one of li>07.
and the same applies to the streams of Indiana, due to dcfoi-estation which
has taken place wherever tinflier was available.

•V iccent and severe jienaltx due mostly to reckless deforestation was
gi\en the slate of Indiana and the whole ( >bio \alle\ in the dis.istrous
flood of the (»hio Kixcr and its tributaries in the spring of the jiri'sent
.\'ear. This e(|ualed or surjiassed in some jthices the record of any |)re\i(nis
Hood ;in<l was especially I'enia rkidile I'oi- the suddenness ^^{' its ai>pe:(rance.
The pi-eeipitat ion onci- iiui'-li of Indiana .•ind I lie (»liio \allcy in general
was enormous and much abo\'e the a\ci';ige. I'"or example Ke\ nobis' states

<Touiney, Jmmic's W. 'l'\tv \{r\:t\um ol' l''(iiv;ts lo S(i\-;ilii l''l()U . ^■<•Ml■l.clclU iif I lir 1 )i'|)ail nu'Ill
of .\uriculturo, lllO:;.

nU'.vnold^s, Koborl f. K. rii.- Ohio I'looils; 'nirii- Cmusc and I'hr li.Miicdx . AjiKTicaii I'or-
<"s1r,\, May. lili:;, p. L'NS.

207

that from March 23 up to the moniiiig of tlic -7th. H.-iiipirvillc. Ohio, had a
total of i).."iO inches (the iioniial rainfall for tlic wiioh' nioiitli of Marih at
that ])lace is 3.93 inches) ; Marion. Ohio. Kt.dO inches (normal for the
month 3.51 inches I : I'.ellefontaine. Ohio, 11.10 inches (monthly normal,
3.79 inches).

In the state of Indiana, in places, at leasr. the precipitation was even
greater than in tho.se just mentioned for Oliio. Imh' exanii)le at lUcxnninji-
ton, Indiana, on March ^.Ith. (J.aO inches" of r.iiii fell, and for the month of
March 13.-'! inches. The noriiial r.-iinfall for lUooiiiiniitoii tor .March is
about 3.01 inches. The (>..">(> inches of rainfall on March iMtli. which was
probably equaled or excelled in other stati's. occiirri'd to a greater or less
extent over at least half of the state of Indian.-i. This inniicnse volume of
water from an aica in Indiana of about 1S,17."> scpiare nules rushed away
from the deforested hills luiimpeded. As ;i residf almost every stream in
the .state was immediatel.v flooded far beyond its banks and every movable
object washed awa.\'. It is ])rol)ablc that with such hu,i;-e and sudden preiipi-
tations as occurred in March of l!il."> tiie floods would not have been entirel.v
prevented if the re.iiion affected had been <dV('rc(l by a dense forest. It
would have prevent(>d. however, most of this Lcreat flood and at the same
time have prevented ail ov nearly all of the destructive results. If the flood
during the spring of 1913 had occurred in winter, when the ground was
frozen hard and coveied with a deep snow, the results would have been
aiipalling beyond description. Under such conditions in the deforested
area the snow would soon have been melted and have added to the volume
of water. The frozen soil could not have absorl'ed any of the water; little
forest remains to ha-\e checked the flow in any way, so tliat the crest of the
flood would have Iteen higher and the extent of its destruction would have
been much greatei- than it was. Yet this is exac-fly what Indiana and
other states nuiy expect sooner or later. Anotiun- great flood like that of
1913 might occur says Reynolds' "within the next decade, especially if, as
asserted, we are now i)assing through a cycle of wet years." Under present
conditions, however, with the greater part of tlie forests gone, and their
destruction going rapidly on, we can easily see that heavy and sudden
precipitations of equal intensify to those just referred to will cause greater
floods and bring greater havoc than before. Floods are fre(iuently fol-

5 Government Station Report for Blooniington, Ind., March 2.5, 1913.

' Reynolds, Robert U. R. The Ohio Floods: Their Cause and The Remedy. American For-
estry, May, lfll3, p. 288.

208

Inwcd h.v serious (li'outlis. sucli as the (Uic of this y(>jn-. frtMHiciitiy liiiishin^'
the (U'stniction ot much that the flood may have left. In southej-ji and
southeastern Indiana CuUiertson^ states that "less than 10 per cent, of the
original forest areas are still left intact." and the ori.sinal forests that do
remain have in most instances "not more than oO per cent, of their formei'
numl)er of trees." Other parts of the state that were forested are about
in the same condition. ( "ulliertson' also dr.iws attention to "the gradual
lowering of the ground water h'\el in all porticns of the State" and the
results of such a disastrous state oH alTairs. CuUtertson'" also points out
for the southern part of Indiana which he studied tiiat many "streams
that thirty years ago furnished altuntlant power for mills during ten
months of the twelve now ari' even without flowing water for almost half
the time." The same state of alfairs exists in most of the otlier deforested
parts of Indiana. It is not at all ditticult for one to recall springs and
streams that ran vigorously the entire year imt which no^^' are either
inactive or else run only during the wet season.

Erosion is generally one ol' the most conspicuous and damaging results
of a flood in a deroresteri region. In lorei'^n cduntries wliicli luive lieeii
deforested for a long time, as for cxaiiiiiie China, great damage lias been
done. The same thing I have seen in Italy, a 'lart of whose once forested
surface is badly cut up by the rush of michecked floods. I'.ut in this
country, especially in the southei-n ii.irt of Indiana, erosion is vi'ry evident
and liottou'. l;inds that were not ero(le(] haxc been damaged or renderel
useless by debris and stones carried down fi'om deforested hills.

.V statement from a United States hureMii" shows some of the results
of erosion. "According to the latest determinations (beginning with the
classic measurements of the Mississippi by Ilumjihreys and .\bbott ) the
rivers of the mainland ITnited States are ainuially ixuu'iiig into the seas
fully I.()(l(».(Mt(l,(iO(» tons of sediment. Tliis sediment is carried pai'tly in
solution but chiefly in suspension, in rhe .•ir).(KH).(M»(l.()00.()()(» cubic feet or
more of river water drained fi-om the rnited States and is additional to
the coirser d"trltus pushed or rolled along 1h(> sides of the swiftei stream-.
The volume of material thus lost to tin land is increasing with settlement
.ind cultivation: it is almost wholly \\ashe(l from the surface and is the

•f 'iill)crt:;on, CIciin. Dcl'oictation ;in.l lis lOllVcIs Aiiionu I hi- Hills of Soullicrn IndiaiiM. .Mnili
\miiu:.1 l;i'i)"il I'f llif Stall" Hoard of Foivsiiy, WU)'.). p. (i ',.

I. c, p. nr,.
"I.e., p. 71.
" Yearbook of tlic Depaitiuoni of .VnriculUiio, 1!)II7. p. S2.

20!)

very richest soil niaterial. tlic ni am oT the soil. Tlic \aluo i>r ilic inaiei'ial
is not easily fixed, luit at a luodi'ratc atipraisal tlie annual loss woul'l
exceed all tlie laud taxes of the eouuti y. I'.esides impoverishing the soii.
tile si'dinient iioUntes the water, redncin.t; their value for domestic and inan-
nfa'-turing purposes and eudan.nerinii- the li^■(•s of those roni]>i'llf(l to use
them, and causin;,' streams In scour their channels and lauld bars: .'nid
through scouring and hnildin;;' it compels the lower rivers to slnt't and
overflow, tliereby reducinj^ the value of fertile Itottom lands, llowevci-
estimated the loss is enormous, and the chain of evils resultint; from tli.'
annual erosion of this billion tons of soil is loni;- and complex and leads
directly back to the fann."'

How easily and rapidly watei- may Iians|iort objects with the increas-
iuij: swiftness of the (airrcnt is seen from the folhiwinu- experiment ,ij;ivcn
by Page'-': "It has been found Vi.\ experiment that a current mo\ing at the
rate of three inches per .second, will take up and carry Jiin- rlaii; moxing
six inches per second, will '-jii-ry /iiic siuid: t^ght inches pei- second. ■f«//-.s"
sand, the size of lin.seed ; twelve inches, gravel; twenty-four inches, peb-
bles; three feet, angular st<ines of the size of a hen's egg."

"It will be readily seen from the above," says Le Conte'-. "that the
c^rn/ui()-i)()nrr incfeascs uiinh iiii.ic niitidi// than the vclocitii. For instance,
a current of twelve inches per second carries gravel, while a current of
three feet per second, only three times greater in velocity, carries stones
many hundreds of times as large as grains of gravel." "A current" run
niug three I'eet per secojid, or about two miles per hour, will move frasr-
ments of stone the size of a hen's egg, or of about three cauices' weight."
Then i'nan the law established we say" "a cairrent of ten miles an hour will
carry fragnients of one and a half ton, and a torrent of twenty miles an
hour will carry fragments of 300 tons' ^veight. We can thus easily under-
stand the destructive efferts oi mouidain-torrents wh.en swollen by Hoods."

Hall and MaxwelT"' state that "when the slope exceeds 10 per cent.,
cultivation does not long go on before erosion sets in. and erosion if un-
checked will rcjnove thi^ soil and uully the surface until all fertility has

''■ Pa e's Geology, p. 28. Quoted by Joseph Le Conte in his Elements of Geology, Fourth Edi
tion, pp. IS-f).

"he Conte, 1. c, p. 19.

" Le Conte, 1. c, p. 20.

's Hall, V\m. L. and Maxwell, Ha. Surface Condilions and Stream Flow.— Forest Service Circu-
ar 176, p. 10.

1 4—101 i)

210

-■(iiic ;ui(l nil prnductivc' power is lost." And turtlicr ("ulhci-tson"' says that
ill suuthcastrru Indiana "contrary to what uii.irht liavr l)een snpposed, a
larger per cent, of the steep hill slopes has been cleared than the land of
the more level regions." In such a case as this just the reverse method
of clearing the forests as to location should have been followed for reasons
above stated.

One of the ways in which large amounts of forest trees are destroyed
is foi- r;iilroad ties, and enormous nnmbers of them are re(|uire(l. I'>risbie"
states that "to build 71.000 miles of railway re(iuired ls4,(;00,000 ties. Ties
have to be reiilaced every seven years. As every one knows, railroad ties
are cut from young timlier. the trees being from eight to twenty inches in
diameter, and this demand strikes at the very source of our timber supply."
"The numlier of cross-ties in use oi, the railroads of the T'liitt'd States is
estiniiited to be about (GO.Oilii.ooo ; tlie numlier used annually tor repairs
and for extensions of track is estimated to be from i»0.000.000 to 110.000.-
OOO, requiring, we may say. the eiitii'e product of llOO.OOO acres of woodland
annually."'^ So rapid has been the consumi)tion of timber for ties and the
exhaustion of the supply so apparent that some years ago the rennsylvania
Railroad Comiiany began to plant trees from which later on to get its ties.
For railroads to do this is a ratlier late plan. Notwithstanding st)me views
to the contrary, iron ties ought to be used and probably will be used in tlie
future. About the year ISSS the fences of the I'nited States were \alue(l
at ".i;2,000,000,000." "and it" cost then "J(;iO0,O0O.0O0 annually to keep them
in rejiair."'" These and other causes aside from lumbering show the waste
of linibei- winch years ago could liav(> iieeii practically prevented by the
use of other ;ind better materials. In most instances if the timber removed
from llie land and wasted were now ;i\ailable it would exceed in value that
of tlie land.

In I'.IO!) there were 4S.nii-'' saw mills being ojiei-.-itiMl in the T'nited
Slates. (>f these in 1010 tliere were l.olb' in Indiana. Tlies(> mills vary
niu<-h as !<• cap;icit\', but the daily output ol' .ill is enoinious. 'limber is
(oflay being cut into lumber that a (|uailer of a century ago in Indi.ana
would in man\- cases have been rejected as fuel. In addition w ,' have in

"• Cjibert.son, Cilt-iii. I. f., p. (io.

" Brisbie, James S. Tree^ and Treos-Plantint!:. 1888, p. !).

"Fi,'!!] .Annual Kcport of the State Boanl of Forestry, lilO."), p. 20:i.

|» Brisljje, James S., 1. c. p. 0.

■"Klliott, Simon U. 'flic Inipmiaiil ■fiiiiluT 'I'icim of llie fnilcMl Stale-. IHI:'. p. 10.

■■■'American I'Virc-l rv, liUo.

211

Indiana ns elsewhere the veneer-mills, that ai'e al)le. however, to cover ni>
a multitude of sins.

FnlliiwiuLC deforestation comes, sooner <>v later in this country, the
proverbial forest lire whicli com|ilctcs the destriictioii li.v killing' the small
trees and destroying the possil)ilit.\' (if the future forest. It is not neces-
sary to discuss the results of sm-h tires further than to stat(> that locomo-
tives .generall.v cause most of such contlagrations, and consequently steps
are being taken to have the ti-ains in some places, as in parts of Canada,
run li.\ eh'ctricity. Spark arresters are a failure. In 1!»0!I it was estimated
that in Indiana the anuiial loss from forest tires was .^ITri.fXKI.-- and this
seems to be a very conser\ative estimate. For the prevention of fires in
Indiana some laws ha\e been enacted and in every possilile way tlmse in
charge have endeavored to lessen the danger. Efforts to pass more favor-
able laws for forestry have lieen attempted in Indiana, such as exeinption
fi-om taxation, lait this '•failed liecausc it could not lie done constitution-
ally."-' It would l)e well if the cutting away of the forests could be con-
ti-olled by law. For instance it is a serious mistake tit allow anyone to buy
a stretch of forest, especially in hill.\- districts, then to move in ;i s;iwmill
and cut out all the available timbei- without regard to reforestntiou or
results, and then tinally to sell the land for what it will liring or to allow
the soil to wash away. In some foreign countries the removal of forests
is controllecl. In France, for example, even .vears ago an owner was not
allowed to remove forests on his land without "four months" notice in
advaiice. i'he forest service may foi-liid this clearing in case the main-
tenance of the fiH'est is deemed necessary upon ;iny of the following
groumls :

"1. To maintain the soil upon mountains or slojies.

"!'. To defend the soil against erosion and Hooding by rivers, streams
and torrents.

'•:;. To insni-e the existence of springs and water courses.

"4. To protect the dunes and seashore against erosion of the sea and
the encroachment of moving san.ds.

"5. Foi- purposes of militarv defense.

"6. For the ])ublic health.''-^

"Tenth Annual Report of the State Board of Forestry, 1910.
" Fifth Annual Report of the State Board of Forestr.v, 1905.

•'Pinchot, Gifford. Publications of the .\merifan Economic Association, 1891, ^■ol. 6, pp. 214
an<l 21.5.

212

Gerinany hikI Switzerland also iiiaiiitaiii a wise control over their
foi'ests. Similar jirotfction of tlie forests of this country slionld be
enacted. One very noticeal)le thing in this state and country is the
extreme waste of tlie forest resources. This is seen from the time tlie tree
is cut in the wdods until what remains ol' it is issued in the hnished
product.

Tliis is not the ca.se in soine foreign coinitries. and should serve as a
useful lesson to the state. (Jreat service has 'khmi rendered to the state
already l>y those who have worked to have the present Indiana forestry
laws enacted <ind by those who by instructnm or advice haxc endeavored
to further the cause of forestry in India.na.

Notwithstanding the presence of other factors which may help to
produce or ]»i'event floods, the fact remains as has been sufficiently out-
lined in this paper by various examples, that deforestation is by far the
greatest canse of floods. The examples have shown that where forests are
l^resent floods are practically absent, and as the forests are removed the
floods become moi'e numerous and de.structi\('.

Probably the most thoi-ough study thus far of any single stream in
this respect is that made by M. < >. Leii;liton-' for the Tennessee Kiver.
The same state of affairs exists in Indiana, and e\ery effort should be pui
forth to remedy the danger. The one great (^lement of success will lie in,
the proper education of the public to the disastrous results of i-eckless
deforestation and the benefits of tJn-est preservation. As lOlliott \\<'ll saj.s:
"Probably our forests are in no woi'.se condition today than those of Ger-
many and France two hundred \cars ago, when those nations liegan refor-
estation. Success ci'owned theii- efforts and shoidd ours if we put forth
the same endeavors."-''

"Lei hton, M. (). Floods in the I'nited States. Cited Irom Hail and Maxwell, !. c. pp. 5-6.
^•Elliiott, .Simon B., 1 r. p. I.';.

213

The Relation of County Tuberculosis Hospitals to
Conservation of Public Health

James Y. Welbokn, M. D.

The broad subject of coiisei-vntidii, although in its infancy, is far
reaching in its achievements. Like all innovations, aijpearing at first as
current events, gradually e!»^-^'lol)iug established customs, making history
for an epoch, this idea has grown.

The itreponderance of forces necessary for any custom, event, political
or social decree, upon which a nation reaches a destiny, has, as an essential
for success, to be presented at such an o])portune time as to arouse this
nation's people to a keen interest. The time, the place, the demand and
the recognition are all essential for<'es for any substantial movement.

The phase of our subject I proclaim to be of the greatest importance,
because in ccmserving the health of the people, we there!>y promote condi-
tions for a more perfect physical being necessary to reach a goal of ideal
perfection. This is true becaiise upon the public health depends the degree
of success in arts and sciences and the good spirit of the human race. Iv
may also be added, in the language of Ex-Governor Marshall, "That upon
the public health rests the state of the morals of the people."

Now. how do the County Antituberculosis Society movements conserve
public health?

First. l)y an education: teaching sanitary science and preventing
loathsome disease. An example of this is demonstrated by the following:
A patient of an ordinary family is treated in the hospital. While there,
receiving visits from other members, tliey learn that to eradicate flies and
mosquitoes is a means of saving doctors" and druggists" bills, l>y prevent-
ing malaria and other diseases. They are cited to the necessity of de-
stroying all s])nta and dejecta from the body as a means of self-protection.
They are shown, to some extent, at least, how to select foods, as to variety
and purity, and there are innumei-.-ible items to be learned relative to
sanitary conditions.

Second, presenting to the pcojiic a plea that vice, excesses, loathsome

214

habits and poisons are dangerous to good health. Various examples can
he pointed out — for instance, late hours, alcohol and tohacco. which ai'C
prime factors in precipitating severe cases in many of our young men
patients. When they arc set up as examples to the observing public it
often astonishes them as something they had not before thought of. I
nuist also emphasize that when the society is urging all these teachings it
forces many neglii^'cnt physi'ians to realize the necessity of more strict
ordei's to their ])atients.

'I'hird, by teaching economy in caring foi- su<h victims, there)>y reserv-
ing forces to be utdized in aggression rather tlian defense. With resultant
effect of the facts in the tirst and seiond. there is the beginning of economy,
\vhi<-li etfects are tremendous in tlu' end. for every case of prevention is the
means of saving thousands of dollars, which if saved for other pursuits of
the proiier kind must broaden the field of attainment by a people physically
?nore abl" to do work than those weakened l)y personal or family sickness.

Fourth, tlnit life may be sustained over the diseasi' which has long
been thought to be fatal. There are now hundreds of strong working peo-
ple in the State of Indiana who, if thi'\- h,id not bad the intelligent advice
and treatment of the societ.v woi'kers. would have been sleeping under sod
waiting for other victims of their own infection who w'ere serving their
days of invalidism.

The growth ol the movement liy local organizations has bi-ought about
the idea tliat a united effort is necessary to accomplish the foregoing. As
a residt, in oui- state we now have statutes giving power to comity com-
missioners t() establisii count,\' hospitals for tuberculous (indigent) itatients,
or to contract with county organizations for the care of such patients. This
enables charitable organizations to conduct more successful I. v the institu-
tions the\ are establishing. In fact, if this law had not come into eirect.
public cbai'il.N could not suiijiort the crying demands. Such a failure woidd
graduall.\ burden the cheeidul donor, and battle tlu> phil.anthropic workers.
W'lu'n su<-h cooperation exists. ci\il and charitable foi'ces ai'c .also su])-
ported by individuals ;ible to pay small but reason.able sums lor attention,
iTistead of gi-eat amounts necessary in seeking distant health resorts, 1 will
suggest th.-it cooiierjition in this state, will enable each group of iieoi)le tC'
leai'ii the most conser\at i\c methods to be employed in this branch of
woi'k. A monthly state Jonrnal should b" published, in which the workt^'rs
of this state can embody system and cooperation of elToi'ts.

215

Playgrounds and Recreation Centers as Factors in
Conservation of Human Life.

Dk. \V. a. (iKKLEU.

The enormous industrinl (U'volopiueiit of this coniitry in tlic i);ist
tliirty years lias brought witli it tlie serious problem of devisin.i,^ some
means whereliy the harmful effi-its of faetoi'y labor and the crowdin;;' oi
workmen ;uid their families into tenements and the districts about the
faetoiMes may l)e counteracted and coi'rected. ( )ur own native-liorn popu-
lation, as well as the hii'.:;est ]iropoi'ti<in of the inunii^rants that come to
our counti'y. ha\e bi'en forced to ada|)t themselves to a manner of life
which is ( idirely different from that to which thej' have l»een accustomed.
The child ^'rowing up in these surroundings, as well as the adult worker,
needs besides proper food and i)i-operly constructed dwelling houses the
playground and recreation center to preserve not only the physical but the
moral health of the class to which lie Itelongs.

The conservation of the life and health of our population cannot be
attained through sanatoria and hospitals. From a business standpoint it
i.s very poor policy to build institutions to repair damage that has I)een
done and then not takt' the necessaiw steps of prevention. Although we
will never be aide to eradicate diseases (>ntirel,v there is a iiossibilit.v of a
great reduction in disease, and with it a lengthening of the average life
of the indhidnal. \\'e need i,iore than good housing conditions, a living
wage, pure tVxxl and proiier sanitary conditions in our factories to bring
about these things.

Recreation and j)lay ai"e as necessary for rhe physh-al well-being as
are some of these other things just mentioned. The growing child needs
them for the proper development of his body and the adult needs them to
keep his bod.v in a healthy condition. Although the prevention of in-
fectious diseases is in the last anal.vsis a question of quarantine. th{> ])hysi
cal condition of tlie individual jtlays a very imjiortant jiart in every in-
fectious disease. As long as the conununity must suffer through the sick

21f)

iicss or (Icjitli of a woj'kcr it is \ or\- ]ilniiil\ the duty nf tlU' (■oiiiuiuiiity to
take the necessary steps of pi-eveiition. The phiygrouiid is one of the
necessary means of prevention of disease and has already proven its worth
HI tliose connuunities wliere it lias lieen giv(>n a trial.

The recreation center should ln' an important factor in the proper
education oi our workers in t!u' laws of hygiene and health. The igno-
rance of the averaiie person concei niuL': the facts of liealth and the early
manifestations of such diseases as fi'ierculosis. cancer and (H'cnpatidua!
diseases is in no small way responsible for the lar^e numljer of incuralile
invalids wliich our community has to support. It has been estimated that
tuberculosis kills almost one-third of our workers who die between the ages
of twenty and thirty-five, and it is the experience of nearly all who have
much to do with the treatment of tuberculosis, as well as the cither dis-
eases mentioned, that a large proportion of our incurable cases have
applied to the physician for help and advice only after the disease has
progressed to a point where relief or cure are impossible.

The factory and those conditions which have arisen in the growth of
our present industrial system have affected not only our public health, lint
also the moral tone of the community. The church as it exists today is
.scarcely able to cope with the moral pi'oblems which have pi'eseiited tlu-m-
.selves, and it has been found that the moral and physical problems are
very closely bound together. The ntitural desire of the average woi-ker.
and we might as well say his need, for play and recreation has had to be
satisfied at the saloon, pool-room, cheap theativ or on the sti'cct. The
enormous increase of crime and degen<'racy in the past few years has
siiowii that the effect of, at least, some of these agencies has been to work
great liai'ni to the individual and (inally tlirougli him to tlie community
at large.

Tiie iiiili\idiiai needs not exhortation t(i refrain from doing those
things which are harmful to him morally and i)hysically. ImU an oitpoi--
tunity to satisfy his needs for recreation and play in a wa,\ which cannot
have this iiai-mful inlhience. The tendency of the avei-age person when
given a clioice between the good and the li;id is to instinctively choose the
good, when he once understands it. Tlic e\i>ei-ience of the .settlement
houses and V. .M. (". A.'s over tlic country is abundant pi-oof of tins. Con-
ditions ]ia\c now lieconie so tiiat it is the dnty of tlic conniiuiiity to ni.-ikc
the playground and recreation ceider a jiart of its regulai- activities as

217

well as the public .school and library system. This work should no longer
be left to public charity and the philanthropy of wealthy individuals, which
of its very naturi' rejiels the seU-respe tiii,^ worker who cannot accept
charity without sacrificing a part of his self-respect. The playground and
recreation center shoidd 1»( bnilt and maintained out of the taxes of whicli
he pays his share, so that he will take advantage of these things as his
own and not the gift of those to whose wealth his work has contrilnited.

Let the playground and recreation center be combined with our public
school and librar.\- for the physical well-being of the community as well as
its education. Make the influence of this comltined institution broad enough
and free enough to reach all of our workers. Then with proper housing,
pure food, a li^ ing wage and hygienic surrounding^- in the work shop and
the factory our playground and recreation center will complete the steps
we must take for the con.servation of human health and life.

210

Public Toilets, Public Drinking Fountains and
Public Spitting in Relation to the Conser-
vation OF Human Life.

C. M. HiLLIAJSD.

I'ublic supplies and pultlie c-onveiiienees are always pulilic (laiifjjers.
and for two reasons : tliey niay aff'Ht lartre numbers of people, and they
are always beyond the control of the individual who is ol)ligfd to use them.
The municipality and the state has. thei-eforc. a lirave duty; viz., to control
and to supervise public commodities of all kinds.

Wc no longer believe that disease is the result of the '■malice of Satan."
or a "rt'biUcc of God." but ratlicr consider it the resiUt of personal or public
ignorance and neglect. I)econii)osiiig potatoes and pin-holes in the sewer
pipes are no longer believed by intelligent people to be the cause of typhoid
fever, but every ne^v case is Jicw evidence of deflcient civilization. In-
fectious diseases are caused by living germs and these parasitic germs live
and grow only within the liody of man. for the most part. They perish
quipkly in the harsh external environment. For tiie continuation of infec-
tious diseases it is necessary tliat a more or less direct transfer of fresh
nasal, oral, urinary or alimentai-y excretions from one body to another
susceptible body take place. The bcMly must be frequently freed of these
accunnnulations of wastes, for just as wastes in a connnunity may "breed"
ill Ixnilth and nuisance, so much more Important is it to rid the cell com-
imuiitj- — the body — of its wastes.

The problem of public sanitation is two- fold. First, it must reduce to
a minimum the possibilities of transfer of the germ-laden body excretions
from jierson to person. Secondly, it must provide every public need and
connuodity that tends to raise the vital resistance of the people. There is
no more potent force tending to good health than the condition of the body;
its resistance to varia1)le exteinal conditions and parasite invasions
depends upon this general health toinis.

Toilet facilities should be fnrnislicd liy railroads, hotels, bars, anuise-
ment places as theatres, fair-grounds, etc.. and by municipalities in fre-

220

t|ii('st('(l piiltlic ]il;i<('s ;is s(|Uiir('S. | il;i.\ i;i(iuii(ls and ('siK'(i;ill\- iiul)!ic schools.
A sniff of, or a ^ilaiicc at tlic accoiiiinodatioiis olTcrcd tlic )iuljlic in rail-
road stations or tlieatrt'S in uiany iiistaiucs is ai'LMiiiicnt cnoumdi against
conditions a'^ they exist abont us.

Public toilets may be exchange places of disease germs. Evidence is
not lacking that epideniic disease frexiuentl.v spreads from these centers.
» )ccasional cases of venereal disease or even of intestinal disease may be
traced to toib^ts Trachoma and various infections are transmitted from
person to person l»y the common roller tovv'el. The indirect elfect of inade-
quate facilities and revolting toilets, making it impossible or undesirable for
people to free the bod.\' of its wastes, and hence affecting the resistance of
the body, is much more important than the direct transmission of disease
germs in this case. A nation's or a town's refinement, education and mor
ality may well be noted by the comfort, i)rivacy and inviting facilities it
offers to its inhabitants for the evacuations of the body. It is beyond the
scope of my ]»aper to indicate the dire effects resulting from improper func-
tioning and imi)roper attention to this important need. Suffice it to say
that many so-called functional diseases as liver and kidney trouble, fre-
(luent headaches, intestinal disoi'ders and other disorders are frequent
se(iuela> due to neglect of ridding the body of its wastes. The impairment
of the functioning of these vital organs tears down the general normal
barriers to infectious diseases and so indirectl.v, lack of suHicient and in-
viting ioih'ts is a causae of much sickness., suffering, and wni of death.

The public drinking cup has been condemned because it affords an
ideal vehicle for the mutual exchange of saliva. l*eoi)le who will laugh
heartily at the joke when you su.g.gest "swapping gum" sei'i-ncly follow you
to the pulilic fountain ;ind mouth the cup dii'cctly after von and dozens of
others. In I'.tdit Kansas. .Alichii^an and Mississipi)i lirst adoi)red re.gulations
against the use of the common (lrinkin,g cup in schools and railroad trains,
and now sever.-il states, including Wisconsin, .Massachusetts and ("alifoniia
have legislated against this disc-.-isc distributor.

As with toilets, liie problem of public (lriid<ing facilities invohcs a
i|uestion of dired transfer of disease virus and one of general liody condi-
tioning, it is a simple matter to denionstralc inonth epitheliai cells and
mouth streptococci on the edge of the public drinking cup. ;ind it is oluious
enough that disease gei'ms ;ire alwa\s potentially present and nia\ pass in
a few niinntes. or e\'en seconds Iroui the mouth of the iucipieutly sick oi

221

coiivalesciiii;'. or tiu> lifiilthy ■"(•nriicr"' of (Uiilil !icii;i, scarlet Icvci'. lubcr-
eulosis. [iiicnuKiiiiii. toiwililis. imnups. \\li<)(i[)iim-i-(>imii. iin'aslrs. iiifautilo
paralysis, coinnioii colds or otiier infectious iliseases into tlic luonth of the
healthy, williut; susceptible.

The noruiai functioiiini; of the body is absolutely dependent upon
a])undanl water beiiiir furnished the system, and a dedciency leads t<i
general ill health and lowered resistance. .Vimndance of watei' is almost
as inii»oi-tant as puiat.v of water. Suliicient and attractive facilities as well
as clean water olfereil fron; sanii.-ir\" devices should be furnished the laibli'-.

The war against ])ublic siiittin.LC lias been vigorously and elheiently
waged for some time now and with \indoubted good results. Just what the
relative imi)ortance of large masses (if sputum thrown into the environ-
ment is when contrasted with saliva exchiinges that take place in more
obvious and direct wa.vs (in things smeared either directly by the lips or b.v
the fingers moistened with saliva. I do not venture to state. Our epidemio-
logical evidence and oui- laboratoi'y findings seem to be opposed to the
theory that disease is Mn-y gener.-iliv spread tlii'ongh the medium of the
air. Sputum thrown upon the sidewalk or in the hotel lol»by drys slowly
as a rule and tends to adhere to the surface upon which it is dried. The
dryness, light, time and other factors ai'e gernncidal and the disease germ;,
present, especially, tend to (juickly perish. Saliva deposited on food by the
cook or waiter, on pencils exchanged by children In school, on street-car
checks b.\- conductors, (m soda glas.ses. trolle.v straps, the leaves of books
and a multitude of things that we come in contact with in the daily routine
seems to find a more direct route and gives ami>le room for explaining
obscure endemic cases of disease of the respiratory tract. For my part, I
had rather have the car conductor spit on the floor than deposit a lesser
amount on the check he hands me. I believe it is high time our antl-
.spitfing league took on a new, broader work and began an anti-saliva cam-
paign. Spitting ma.v. and undoubtedly does spread disease. It is a vile
habit and should be prohibited. Tlie camiiaign aaalnst It will raise the
public opinion of cleanliness and civic resjionsibility and will tend to ini
prove the sanitary tone of a conniuinlt.v.

The phenomemin of improved municipal hetilth following the substitu-
tion of a pure or pui'lfled water supply, foi- a iioUuted sup]>ly is too connnon
to neecl illustration. Othei- sanita.i-y iaiprovenients, as installation of ;;
proper sewage or garba-^e dlsjiosal ]ilant or a clean milk campaign, like-

222

wise Jifl'cct the imblic licnltli in a siicctncular and dcnionstral^It' way. It
has frequently been observed that the decrease in death I'ate following these
specific improvements is greater than woidd lie cxiici-ted. For example, a
clean water supply may always be expected to lower the mortality of
water-liorne diseases, chiefly gastro-intestinal diseases. In many instances
it has been fonnd that th( g<Mieral death rate is lowered more than can
he exjilained by tiu> typlioid cdiniionent and that diseases of the respiratory
tract are reduced. Tins may lie explained by supposing tliat diseases
other than intestinal may he water-borne, or it may mean tliat the general
vital resistance of the jteople of the conununity is raised by more abun-
dant use (if a pur(> water. When a conununity reaches that stage of
sanitary enlightenment and common-sense cleanliness that it demands
proper disposal of its wastes and provides for a pur(> public water,
we may expect tliat other less s]i(>ctacular sanitary reforms are being
practiced, <n that there are a m'.mher of contributory causes to ini-
proved health. Thus the general resistance tonus and tlie public's hygiene
practice is a significant health factor. Providing suthcient and clean
public toilet facilities; convenient, immei'ous and sanitary drinking foun-
tains, and the abatement of the barbaric, disgusting habit ot public spittmg
are jilain civic duties, and are factors in the conservation of human life
and happiness.

We would recommend :

1. Kegenei'ation and extension of |iublic toilet facilities, esjiecially
emphasizing the need of proper care of public toilets. The most perfectly
constructed toilet will be unsanitary in a short time if not etHciently cared
for. A score card might be nsed in inspection lo give a iiictui'e of the con-
ditions and to indicate ininro\ement from time to time. I baxc devised
and used such a score card effecti\'el.\\

■_*. The final condemnation of the pnblic drinking cup. cspeciall\ in
schools. < >ne of the lessons in hygiene in schools ndglit well be devoteil to
teaching children liow to make their own pa]ier drinking cups, the teachei-
furnishing tiicui witb clean p.-nier of coiivcideut si/e and sliape tbroughoiii
the year. Soda fountains are cul|iable and there should be legislation or
action of some kind against the present soda fountain and glass, a public
drinking cup.

.".. Tile extension of oui- ant i-s|iii I iim' and anti-saliva campaign, includ-
ing the dissemination of iid'ornialioii relalixc to the more direct and dan-
gerous modes of ti-aiisfer of nasal and oral st'crelious.

223

Power Economy in the Southern Indiana Quarry

Industry.

<T. C. Mance.

The limestone (luany industry of southern In<lian;i offers a fertile field
for research aloni,' the lines of conservation. The early operators adopted
wasteful methods of luoduction. feeling that the abundance of the deposits
would give an unlimited supply of lirst-grade stone. The tendency has been
to continue with the old methods and machinery to tin- i)r(>sent time. With-
in the last few years, however, competition has hci-ouie so keen that man\
of the operators of the district have begun to realize the wastefulness of
the present methods and to look for more ethcient ones.

The principal losses accompanying the production of building stone in
Monroe County can be grouped imder four heads :

(1) jjosses or seconiT-graae stone.

(2) Losses of human labor.

(3) Losses of lime, cement and fertilizing materials.

(4) Losses accomi)anying powei' production.

The losses due to inetticient methods of power i)roduction are probably
the greatest and the most in need of remedial action. Ihe method of
power production thnnigliout the district is wasteful in the extreme. Tower
is generated in a large number of separate units distributed over the (luarry
and there is a great loss of human labor in supplying the coal where it is to
be u.sed as well as a great loss of coal due to careU^ss handling. Several
quarrymen have made careful tests n]ion channeling machines, at my sug
gestion. to determine the amount ol coal consumed by the different types ot
machines dining a given run. and it has been f(mnd that wliite the Sullivan
or IngersoU channelers cut faster they consume iiractically twice the
amount of coal in a given period of time as the Wardwell type of chan-
ueler. which is widely used throughout the district.

In many of the mills the boilers and engines have been in operation
over twenty years and the amount of coal used per horse-power hour is at

224

225

least six times as much as would be necessary with up-to-date maehiner.v
and methods in large central plants.

During the last nine months I have visited all the mills and (piarries
of Monroe County which are at present in operation, and have taken data
on the coal consumption and power produced throughout the district with
an idea of showing how great these losses are and at least suggesting a
remedy for some of them.

From tlie data taken I have chosen three plants which are representa-
tive of the older type and have averaged them so as to avoid giving oi;t tlie
data of any single plant. The data are as follows :

Amount of coal used per month (tons) iy5

Cost of coal at the mine at $1.15 per tun ... ..*pl5.5.2o

Freight on coal at $ . 55 per ton 74.25

Total cost of fuel 229.50

Horse-povv'er developed, engine rating 75

Hours of running time during the month 2-tO

Coal consumed per horse-power hour (ll)s. ) 15

I have also taken the data for three of the more modern type of plants
and averaged them to show the great improvement already made towai'd
greater economy. The data are as follows:

Amount of coal used per Uiontli (tons) 192

Cost of coal at the mine at .$1.15 ])er ton .$220.80

Freight on coal at $ .55 per ton 105 00

Total cost of fuel per month 826.40

Horse-power developed, engine rating 200

Hours of running time during the month 240

Coal used per horse-power hour (lbs. ) S

Although these rignres show that a gn-at inipnivcnnent has already
been made in power production, they also show that there are still great
possibilities tor further reduction in power costs.

The saving of human labor engaged in the ])rodu(tion of the power ir:
central plants over the present methods would amount to two-thirds of the
number of men now engaged.

In my final paper on the subject I hope to carry out the above figures

15—1019

226

227

fully cuougli to show the actual cost of power by the preseut methods iu
use iu the district. At present my data on the value of the machinery and
plants and the. rates of taxation, insurance, etc., on the same is not complete
enough to give Kny but a very approximate figure.

Engaged in the stone industry of the county there are twenty-nine
operating companies controlling twenty-six mills and sixteen quarries.
They use approximately 5,000 H. 1'. and 4,000 tons of coal per month in its
[trodudtion.

For convenience in studying the probltm of power production of the
countj' I have divided it into three districts as follows :

District No. 1 includes all the plants in and around EUetsville and
Stinesville. This district is conti'oUed by six companies running six mills
and two quarries. They use approximately 1,000 H. P. and 750 tons of
coal to generate the power.

District No. 2 includes the quarries and mills (;f lUoomington and
Hunter ^'alley. This district is controlled by eleven companies running
eleven mills and five quarries. They iise 2,000 H. I', and 1,700 tons of coal
lier month in its production. Two of the plants of this district buy electri-
cal power from the Central Indiana Lighting Co. of Bloomington, and in
figuring the coal consumption for the district I have added the amount of
coal they would use in the production of their power if they worked undei'
the same conditions as the other operators of the distinct.

District No. '■> includes the rest of the county, that is, all the mills and
quarries around Clear Creek and Saunders Station. In this district there
are twelve operating companies running nine mills and nine quarries.
They use approximately 2,000 H. 1'. and consume 1,050 tons of coal.

In looking for improved methods of power production the following
possibilities present themelves :

First, each operator can make an effort to produce as much of his
power in a single unit as possible, and distribute the powei to the differ-
ent machinery of his plant electrically. This method is becoming more and
more common in the stone mills of the county, but very little effort has
been made toward the use of electrical machinery in the quarries.

At least two of the operators of tlie district are using compressed air
to drive their quarry machinery, but a careful study of the costs of power
production in this form shows that the fuel cost is materially raised,
although the advantages of such a system are : Small waste in handling

228

229

coal, less lmiu;iii labor, and a clcaiici- i|uaii\. As a iiu'tliod df conscrxiii;.;
l)o\V('r it <aiiii<it lie callt'd sue* cssful. altlimmli the railurc in one case nia.\
be laid to flic fact that tlic cbainiclinu' niacbincs used witli c((iniircsscil air
are ot tbc old steam types wilb tlic air bnsc int ruilm cil into tlieir boilers,
thus keepin.i;' tbe faults (d' the steam cbanneler and adding- to tliem tlu'
line losses ot couiitressed air. Tins nietliod woubl be lar more erouoiuical
witli modern compressed air clianibers.

Second, a central plant for eacb district uiiuht be constructed with an
idea oi' haiidliny the <oal more e;isil^\' and :i:ninu an adeiiuate water suppl.x'.
These plants could be located so that the i-ost of distriliution of the power
by electricity would l>e a small item, as the disti'icts are reasonably coin-
pact and easily reached.

Third, we might consider water power with electrical distribution to
I he plants. In fact, such a jiiant is already in existence at Williams, bui
on account of the uncertainty of their water supply the plant is equipped
with a steam auxiliary. Their proximity to the quarries and mills of Law-
rence County makes it iirobable that most of their power will be sold
there, as the heavier line losses in distributing to this district would tend
to center their interosts in tlie southern part of the storie belt. Other
projects have been suggesti'd. but the e.xtremel.v high hrst cost of the
construction of a water-power plant makes it r.-ither a (luestion of the
future than of tlie present ])OWer problem.

liastly, and proliabl^' the most econonucal solution of tlie problem is
the construction of a large central plant in the coal tields with high tension
transmission of the power to the quarry districts and the use of electrical
niachin;'ry thi-oughout the plants. Tiiis ]ilant could be equipped with
modern automatically st(,ked l)oik'rs with superheaters and condensing
engines; or the plant could be equipped with gas producers and gas
engines. An interesting calcuiation on the subject can be made by taking
a .single district and .showing the possibilities for that district if the oper-
ators could unite to solve their power proldeni.

I have taken District No. 1 and attempted to calculate the cost of
such plants from the data available, but. in i;eneral. calculations of this
kind are only ai)i)roxiniatel.v true, as the price of materials is constantly
changing and the tendency of contractors is to hide tlie true costs by
unbalanced bidding. This makes it ditHcult to estimate prices.

The following figures are reasonably correct for a 1.000 H. P. plant:

230

231

steam plant :

2 engines totalinn' 1000 H. 1* $25,000

Necessary auxiliaries at $8.50 per H. P 8.500

4 flre-tiibe boilers, 200 II. P 5.700

2 400 K. W. generators, 550 volts 9,628

2 16 K. W. exciters, direct current 810

Switchboard equipment, $4.25 per K. W 3,400

Cost of stack at $3.00 per H. P 3,000

Foundations for engines and boilers 3,000

Piping and installation 2,000

Total cost of i:>lant without buildings $63,038

If turl lines were used with three 250 H. P. water-tube boilers and super-
heaters instead of the above equipment, the total cost would be $57,150.

The fixed charges against the steam plant would l»e as follows:

Interest at 5 per cent, on whole investment $3,152

Taxes and insurance at 2 per cent 1,251

Depreciation at 10 per cent 6,30f4

Tottil fixed charges $10,717

Operating chax'ges for one year :

Labor $3,900

Coal at $1 70 per ton, 5,000 tons 8,500

Repairs, 1 per cent, of first cost 630

Oil. waste, etc 1,650

Total operating cost $14,680

Total cost of power for the year 25,397

Price per K. W. hour, calculating on a 10-hour run, 308 days, 1.1 cts.
The same calculations on a producer-gas plant of the same size offer a
comparison which is well worth studying.

232

233

The cost of such ;i plant would Ite as follows:

Gas-producers at $23 per H. 1' $23,000

Accessories, includiug draft equipment, $!> per H. ]' 9,000

2 500 H. P. gas engines 38,000

2 400 K. W. generators 550 volts 9,628

2 16 K. W. exciters direct current * . . 810

Switchboard equipment at $4.25 per K. W 3,400

Foundations for engines and producers 3,000

Total cost of plant without buildings $84,138

Fixed charges on gas plant :

Interest at 5 per cent $4,207

Insurance and taxes at 2 per cent 1,683

Depreciation at 10 per cent 8,414

Total fixed charges $14,304

Operating charges on gas plant for one year:

Labor $3,900

Coal at $1.70 per ton. 1,.500 tons 2,550

Oil, waste, etc 1,650

Repairs 630

Total operating cost 8,730

Total cost of power for tbe year $23,034

Cost per K. W. hour. 30S days, 10 hrs. per day, .93 cts.

I have placed in the equipment two engines with the idea of showing
another ecououiy. T!ie villages of EUetsville and Stinesville do not have
an electrical plant for lighting. If such a plant as I have outlined were
erected there the over-night run on one of the engines would furnish much-
needed power for lights at a very small expense. In fact the power could
be developed for an additional .4 of a cent a K. W. hour after the fixed
charges have been figured against the day run.

234

A View., I Ki.il, I'loors of a 1000 H. T. rruducci-Clas I'lanl.

235

From these figures it will be seen that there is only a slight difference
in the cost of power for the two types of machinery, but these figures
would diverge in favor of the gas producers as the size of tbe plant wa..
increased. If the plant were located in the coal fields and the power
brou^bt over as high voltage current, the an.ount of money saved on freight
would pay for the transmission line in about eighteen months. In tact tor
such a plant the line losses and cost of transformers at both ends of the
line would bring the price of power to about the same figure

Probablv the ideal solution for the power question would be to fum sh
the entire district with power. This plant to be located in the coal fields
and be of the by-,u-oduct recovery type with gas engines and the power
transmitted at 33,000 volts. Such a line and voltage would be the cheapest
for conditions as they would be in this district.

There are numerous plants in Europe which depend upon the by-piod-
ucts recovered for their profits. A good example is the plant at Dudley
Port South Staffordshire. England, where a Mond by-product plant pxac-
ticaliy pays for all the fuel used, in the by-products recovered. The two
principal by-products are ammonium sulphate and tar. The ammon.um .U^
pbate alone returned ...2.5 per ton of coal burned, and the tar sells for
$0 19 per ton of coal burned.

Ordloar. M.umloou. coal wiU vetun.SO to 90 pound, of .„1„M . of
ammonia per ton. Such plant, now in operation proflnce a K. »watt per
hour of power on 1.54 lb. of coal fired. Since the pnce ot coal t. .o low
•n his d^rlot the cost of power wouUl he hut little over the fixed charge
on the investment This prohlem ot power economy for the ,iuarnes begm
to he ot especial Interest over the entire district, and if the >s.ue were met
snuareiy a great saving of money would resnit. as weil a. great economy tn
coal consumption.

236

237

Report of the Committee on ''A List of the Scien

TiFic AND Technical Serials in the Libraries

OF THE State of Indiana."

In submitting to the Academy the final results of the work of your com-
mitt-^e it s^3ms desirable that some explanations should be made. The
former catalogue, published in the Proceedings of 1911, o.ing to the short
time allowed for its preparation, was compiled in such haste as to be very
d^f3ctive both typographically and in its completeness. It is doubtful if
anyon- realized the size of the task or the difficulties to be encountered when
the committee was first organized. The extension of the scope of the list
as well as the number of libraries to be included in the present revised list
has more than doubled the siz^ of the catalogue and has greatly multiplied

the difficulties.

Owing to the wide distribution of the librari-, s it has not been possible
for the committee to inspect the serials of every library, and the work has
b^en largelv carried on by correspondence and the cooperation of many
librarians. Although this has often put a considerable burden of work upon
the librarians or their assistants the committee cannot complain of any lack
of genuine interest and hearty co-operation in our undertaking. It is, how-
ever impossible to formulate a practicable set of rules for the gmdance of
librarians in making out their lists that will provide for all contingencies.
The task of correlating the numerous items in these many lists has been ex-
tremely difficult and in frequent cases impossible with any degree of cer-
tainty For example, what is probably the same serial appears m two dif-
ferent lists under slightly different titles, as for instance one says "reports,
another "transactions," and without the serial at hand the committee can
not determine whether these are the same or distinct series. We have ricd
to eliminate duplication by careful comparison with other catalogued lists.
But after the utmost care there still remains a large residue of doubtful mat-
ter of this sort, while in some instances we may have identified series that
should have been kept distinct. A number of titles have not been found m
any of the serial catalogues which we have consulted and the doubt remams

238

in the minds of your committee whether some of these are not incorrectly
listed.

It was intended that all volumes should be listed by the volume number
when that could be determined and the date of issue given only when the
volume number was not known. There has been great lack of uniformity in
following this rule, which introduces considerable confusion into the lists.
Your committee has no means at hand by which to correlate dates and
volumes. Where it has seemed possible we have ventured to substitute
voliune numbers for dates, but in most cases we have found it necessary to
leave the lists unchanged in this particular.

It may be found that some titles are included in the catalogue that have
doubtful claim to being recognized as pertaining to serials that are either
scientific or technical. As the committee could not be personally acquainted
with every serial named we have trusted largely to the judgment of the li-
brarians. A few titles, such as the Literary Digest, we have ventured to ex-
clude. The inclusion of such doubtful material, however, does not seem to
us a serious fault, on the principle cjuoted by Bolton from Zuchold that in
a bibliography it is much better that a book should be found which is not
sought, than that one should be sought for and not found."

In the prosecution of this work the committee has consulted various
catalogues and freely adopted suggestion from many of them. The following
may be especially mentioned:

A catalogue of scientific and technical periodicals 1665-18G5. Smith-
sonian miscellaneous collections 40.

List of serials in the University of Illinois library together with those
in other libraries in Urbana and Champaign. University of Illinois
Bulletin 9=.

List of serials in the principal libraries of Philadelphia and its vicinity.
Bulletin of the Free Library of Philadelphia. No. 8.

List of periodicals, newspapers, transactions and otlicr serial publica-
tions currently received in the princijjal libraries of Boston and
vicinity.

List of biological serials in the libraries of Baltimore 1(101.

List of serials in University of Colorado library. T University of Colorado
bulletin. 13'.

230

ABBREVI.VTIONfS AM) Sl(iN>

Ac. Indiana academy of s(;ience exchang3s deposited in the State Library
at Indianapolis. In references under this head parts of broken
volumes are listed by means of index figures attached to the vol-
ume number.

B. Butler College library, Indianapolis.

D. DePauw University libraries, Greencastle.

E. Earlham College library, Richmond.

Exp. Agricultural Experiment Station, Lafayette.

F. Franklin College library, Franklin.
Ft. W. Fort Wajme public library.

G. Gary public library.

I. U. Indiana University libraries, Bloomington.

L. P. Laporte public library.

M. Muncie public library.

N. D. Notre Dame University libraries, Notre Dame.

N. H. New Harmony Workingmen's Library.

P. Purdue University libraries, Lafayette.

R. P. Rose Polytechnic libraries, Terre Haute.

S. State Library, Indianapolis.

S. N. State Normal School library, Terre Haute.

T. H. Terre Haute, Fairbanks Memorial Library.

W. Wabash College library, Crawfordsville.

Bold faced figures are used to indicate volume numbers. The year date
(e. g. '9^) is used instead of volume number when the latter is not known.

Plain Arabic figures indicate numbers of a serial that is not issued in
volumes; chiefly bulletins.

Indices are used in the Academy (Ac.) lists to indicate numbers of an
incomplete volume.

An asterisk (*) attached to a volume number signifies incomplete.

The plus sign (+) after the last volume number signifies that all suc-
ceeding numbers are on file and current numbers are received.

The parallels sign (II) indicates that the serial ceased publication with
the preceding volume.

Roman numerals indicate numbered series.

o. s. old series. Howard J. tJ.iNicER.

n. s. new series. Will Scott.

240

LIST OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL SERIALS IN THE
LIBRARIES OF INDIANA.

Abstracts of physical papers. London, England. P. 3.

Cjntinue 1 a<5 Science abstracts q. v.
Academia do cioncias medicas fisicas y naturales de la Habana. Havana,
Cuba.
Anales. Ac. 36' 's-^'- "-': N. D. 39+.
Academia nacional de ciencias. Cordova, Argentine Republic.
Actas. Ac. S'-^.

Boletin. Ac. ?'• '• \ %'-\ 9, 10, \V-\ 12--^ 13', 14'' "-, 15-\ 16'' K
Academic des sciences. Paris, France.

Comptes rendus. B. 152, 153: I. U. 1 + : P. 140+ : R. P. 104 + .
Academic imperiale des sciences. St. Petersburg, Russia.
Annual report. N. D. '12.
Bulletins. Ac. IV. 36'' -, V. 1-5, G'-^, 7' \ 10'', 11-14, 15'-5, ig'-^, 22-25:

N. D. VI. '12+.
Alusee botanicjue. — Travaux. N. D. '12.
Academy of natural sciences of Philadelphia, Pa.
Amiual Reports. S. L. '91 -'94.

Proceedings. Ac. '58+: B. '56-'86, '88-'93, '95+: I. U. 1 + : N. D. 61+:
S. L. '67-'90, '99-'04.
Acadian scientist. Wolfv lie, Nova Scotia. Ac. 1".
Accademia dei Lincei. Rome, Italy. See Accademia i)ontificia dei nuovi

Lincei; Reale accademia dei Lincei.
Accademia pontificia dei nuovi Lincei. Rome, Italy.
.Vtti. Ac. 51-57, 58'^-', 59+.

See also Reale accudemia dei Lincei.

Acetylene join-nal. Chicago, 111. N. D. 7*, 8*, 9-11, 12*.

Acta mat hcmulica. Stockholm, Sweden. 1. U. 1 + .

Aeronautics. New York. Ft. W. 12+.

Agassiz association. See Wilson bulletin.

Agassiz compnnion. \\ yaiidol te, K:ui. .\c. 1-- •', 2'-, 3**.

Agricultural advertising. Chicago, HI. Exp. 19*, 20, 21, 22*.

Agricultural gazette. London, England. I<'xp. n. s. 11-14: P. 67+.

Agricultural gazette of New South Wales. Sidney, Australia. Exp. 1-7, 8*,

9*, 10*, 11, 12*, 13-20, 21*, 22+: N.D. 22+: P. 16*, 17 + .
Agricultural journal. Tokyo, Japan. P]xp. 46-57, 59 + .

241

Agricultural journal of India. Calcutta. Exp. 1-5*. 6, 7*, 8-!-: P. 2, 3.
Agricu'.tural journal of the Union of South Africa. Pretoria. Exp. 1*, 2-4;

N. D. 1 + : P. 1*, 2, 5*, 6*.
Agricultural news. Barbadoes, West Indies. N. D. 12+.
Agricultural science. State College, Pa. Exp. 1-81|: P. 1-5.

Continued as
Agricultural science journal. State College, Pa. Exp. 2*, 3.
A'rcraft. New York. Ft. W. 4+.
Alabama. Agricultural experiment station. Auburn.

Annual report. Exp. 1+: P. 2, 4, 6, 9, 11 + .

Bulletin. D. 80, 90: Exp. 1-154, 156, 158+ : P. 1-47. 49+: S. L. 149-151,
153, 154, 156-159.
Alabama. Agricultvu'al experiment station. Uniontown.

Annual report. Exp. 1-3, 11+: P. 2, 3, 12.

Bulletin. Exp. 1 + : P. 1 + .
Alabama. Agricultural experiment station. Tuskegee.

Bulletin. Exp. 1, 3-16, 18+: P. 1, 3-12, 15+.

Farmers' leaflets. Exp. 6, 8-16: P. 7. 8, 10-16.

Teachers' leaflets. Exp. 2.
Alabama. Agricultural exper ment station. Wetumpka.

.Vnnual report. Exp. 4-6.
Alabama. Agriculture, Department of. Auburn.

Bulletin. Exp. '06-'08, '11 + .

Report of commissioner. Exp. '92.
Alabama. Geological survey. D. '81-'82.
Alabama. State veterinarian. Auburn.

Report. Exp. 2-4: P. 1-4.
Alaska. Agricultural experiment station. Sitka.

Annual report D. '06+: Exp. '00, '03+: P. '98+: R. P. '06, '07: S. L.
'06+.

Bulletin. D. 2, 3: Exp. 1 + : P. 1 + : R. P. 1-3: S. N. '02.
A lavoura. Brazil. Exp. II. 4*, 5*. 6*. 10*-13*.
Albany (N. Y.), institute.

Transactions. S. L. 4.
Alberta. Agriculture, Department of.

Annual report. S. L. '08-'10.
Alkaloidal clinic. Chicago, 111. X. D. 10*, 11*, 12*+.

Continued as American journal of clinical medicine q. v.

16—1019

242

Amateur .sportsman. New York. Exp. 45*, 46*.
American academy of arts and sciences. Boston.

Memoirs. P. 13*: R. P. n. s. 1-9: S. L. 1-4.

Proceedings. Ac. 34+: P- 40*, 41*: R. P. 1-7, 9-16: S. N. 34-37.
American academy of medicine. Easton, Pa.

Bulletin. I. U. 6+.
American agricultural association.

Journal. E.xp. 1*.
American agriculturist. New York. Exp. 38-40: Al. 34-49: S. L. 59, 60, 62,

64-94.
American amateur photographer. New York. N. D. 19*, 20*.

Combined with Photo beacon q. r.

American analyst. New York. E.xp. 5.

American annual of photography and photographic times almanac. New

Y^ork. N. D. 93-96.
American anthropological association. New York.

Memoirs. S. L. 1, 2*.
.\merican anthropologist. Washington, D. C; New York. I. U. 1-11||; n. s.

1 +: S. L. l-lljl; n. s. 1 + .
American antiquarian and oriental journal. Cleveland Ohio; Chicago, 111.

Ac. 3-, 6S 11^ 14=: S. L. 16-18: W. 1-6.
Aii3"ieii aitiquarian society. Worc3ster, Mass.
Proceedings. R. P. n. s. 1, 3*.
Transactions. S. N. 12.
American apple growers congress. Columbia, Mo.

Transactions. Exp. 1-5.
American architect and building news. Boston, .Mass.; New York. Ft. \V.
99, 101 + :C;. 103+: M. 9-12:N. D. 93*, 84*,95*,96*, 97+: H. P. 21 + .
American association for the atlvancement of science. Washington, D. C.
Proceedings. E. 20-25, 39, 40, 42, 43, 52, 54-62: I. U. 2, 4, 6, 15-39, 44-50,
58+: N. H. 2-6, 20-37, 39-48: P. 29+: K. P. 1-41, 43-45, 59-61: S. L.
1-62: S. N. 1-44: W. 36-57.
American association ofgeologist.i and naturalists. See Association of .Vmerican

geologists, etc.
American association of nurserymc^n.

.\nnual report. ]*]xi). '05-'ll.
American bee journal. Pliila(l('l|)hia, Pa.; W.asliington, 1). ('.; Chicago, 111.
i'Ap. 1-10, 24-29.

243

American blacksmith. Buffalo, N. Y. Ft. W. 12+.

American botanist. Binghamton, N. Y.; Joliet, 111. D. 1-17: N. D. 15+.

American breeders' association.

Proceedings. Exp. 3, 4: P. 1, 2, 4, 6+.
.American builder and journal of art. Chicago, 111. M. '72.
American carpenter and builder. Chicago, 111. Ft. W. 7+: G. 7+.
American ceramic society. Colimibus, Ohio.

Transactions. P. 1 + .
American chemical journal. Baltimore, Md. B. 8+: D. 1+: E. 39+: I. U.

8+: N. D. 17-42, 49+: P. 1+: R. P. 17+: W. 1 + .
American chemical society. New York; Easton, Pa.

Chemical abstracts. D. 1+: Exp. 2+: G. 7+ : I. U. 1+: N. D. 1, 2,

6*, 7+: P. 1+: W. 1 + .
Journal. D. 15+: Exp. 17*, 18*, 20*, 21*, 22*, 23*, 26*, 29+: Ft. W. 35+:
G. 32+: I. U. 28+: N. D. 1, 2, 6-16, 18, 21-24, 25*, 26-30, 31*-33*,
34+: P. 1 + : R. P. 15+: S. L. 21, 23+: W. 15, 16, 24+.
Proceedings. I. U. 31, 32, 34, 36+.
Review of American chemical research. N. D. 11, 12|i: P. 9-12||.

Continued as Chemical abstracts q. v.

American chemist. New York. R. P. 1-7: W. 1-4.

American city. New York. Ft. W. 2+: G. 1+: I. U. 6 + : M. 2+: N. D.

2+: P. 1 + : S. N. 1 + : T. H. 1 + .
American conchology. New Harmony, Ind. N. 11. 1*.
American cranberry association.
Proceedings. Exp. '06-'ll.
American druggist and pharmaceutical record. New York. N. D. 41*-43*,

44, 45, 46, 47-53, 54*-59*+: P. 14+.

Continues New remedies q. v.
American electrician. New York. Ft. W. 14-17||: M. 9-14, 16, 17||: P. 8-11,
12*, 13-1711: R. P. 11-17!|.

Continued in Electrical world q. v.
American electro-chemical society. Philadelphia, Pa.

Transactions. P. 1 + : R. P. 3.
American engineer. Chicago, 111. R. P. 9-21.
American engineer and railroad journal. New York. Ft. W. 81-86: N. D.

68, 69*, 79*, 80*: P. 67+: R. P. 71 + .

Continues Railroad and engineering journal q. ».; National car and locomotive builder;
American railroad journal g. v.; Van Nostrand's engineering magazine g. v.

244

American entomological society. Philad^lj)hia, Pa.

Transactions. S. L. 8-34, 38*.
American entomologist. St. Louis, IN'o.; New York. N. H. l-3|i.

Volume 2 is known as American entomologist and botanist.
American ophemeris and nautical aln anac. Sec United States. Xautical

almanac office.
American ethnology. See United States. Ethnology, Bureau of American.
American farmer. Baltimore, Md. S. L. 1-15.
American farmer. Indianapolis, Ind. Exp. 24*.
American farmer's magazine. New York. S. L. 11-12.
American fern journal. Auburndale, Boston, IN't^ss. N. E. 1 + .
American fertilizer. Philadelphia, Pa. Exp. 1*, 2*, 3-4, 5*, 12, 13*, 14-17,

18*, 19*, 20-29, 30*, 31*, 32-38*.
American florist. Chicago, 111. Exp. 39+.
American florists and ornamental horticulturists. New York.

Report. Exp. 5-6, 9-11, 13-18, 20-28.
American forestry. Washington, D. C.

D. 16-18: Exp. 16, 17*: Ft. W. 17+: N. H. 16+: P. 16+: S. L. 13+.

Formerly Conservation q. r.

American forestry association. Washington, E. C.

Proceedings. P. 1-8: S. L. '82, '91, '92, '93.
American forestry congress. Washington, D. C.

Proceedings. Exp. '92: P. 4.
American fruit and nut journal. Petersburg, Va. Exp. 4*, 5, 6*.
American fruits. Rochester, N. Y. Exp. 1, 2*, 3-5, 6*, 7*, 9-11, 12*.
American garden. New York. P. 1-10.

Continued as American gardening.

American gas institute.

Proceedings. P. 1 + : R. P. 2+.
American geographical society. New York.

Bulletin. Ac. 34>-S SS'-S 36-40'-'-, 41': I. U. 34+: S. N. 34+.

Journal. Ac. 14«, 15', 16^, 17'' ■=• '• ^ 18=-^ 19'-\ 20'-S 21'-". 22'' ■'• \ 23'-',
262, 30'-S ZV-\ 32'-^ 33'-': I. U. 1.33||: S. N. 28-33||.

Continued as the Bulletin 7. r.
American geologist. Minneapolis, Minn. H. 10-23: E. 29-36|l: I. V. 1-36|1:

N. D. 5*, 7', 8, 9, 10*, 11*, 12-14, 17-32, 33*, 34-36l|: N. H. 1*, 2*, 3*,

4*, 5*: S. N. 12-3611: W. 11-26.
Continued by Economic geolog.v 7. "•

245

American hay, flour and food journal. New York. Exp. 3*, 7*, 8, 9*, 11-13,

20+.
American health. Xow Havin, Conn. F. 1*, 2*.
American Hereford joui-nal. Kansas City, j\'o. Fx]). 1*, 2+.
American homes and gardens. Xow York. C. 7+: L. P. 1 + : M. 1 + : R. P.

1 + : S. N. 1 + : T. H. 4+.

Continues Scientific .\merican: Building edition q. v.
American horticultural society. Greeneastle; Indianaix)lis, Ind.

Transactions. Fxp. 1-5: S. L. 3, 4, 6.
American hoiticultuiist. T. V. 'J5-'J6.
American ii.stiti to cf arcl.itf cts. V, ; shingtcn, E. C.

Proceedings. P. 23-28, 34+.

Quarterly bulletin. P. 10+.
American i; s itute of electrical engineers. New York.

Proceedings. Ft. W. 31+: R. P. 24 + .

Trarsactiors. P. 1-4, 6+: R. P. 10-21, 28 + .
American institute of n.ining onginrrrs. New York.

Transactiors. R. P. 1 + .
American institi;to f f the city ff New York.

Transactiors. P. 6.
American inventor. Washington, D. C. N. D. 15*, 16*.
Ab.sorbed Popular science news q. v.

American journal of anatomy. Baltimore, Md. F. 2: L U. 3+: P. 5+: S. N.

1 + .
American journal of archaeology. Princeton, N. J.; New York; and Norw ood,

Mass. D. 1-11; IE 1 + : E. IE 1-12, 16 + : I. U. 1-11; IE 1 + : N. D.

1, 2: S. N. IE 1 + : \V. 8-11; IE 1 + .
American journal of clinical medicine. Chicago, 111. N. D. 13*-19*.

Continue.s Alkaloidal clinic q. v.

American journal of conchology. Philadelphia, Pa. P. 1-7||.

American journal cf diseases of children. Chicago, 111. I. U. 1 + .

American journal of forestry. Cincinnati, O. Ac. 1^

American journal of mathematics. Baltimore, Md. D. 1-16: B. 25+: F.

1, 2: I. U. 1 + : P. 1 + : W. 15 + .
American journal of medical sciences. Philadelphia, Pa. AI. 1-23, 25-119,

131 + : N. I), n. s. 57-64: N. H. 4-6; n s. 28-164: T. H. 2-5, 9, 19, 20,

23, 25, 27, 33, 38, 40, 46, 49, 88, 91, 92-108, 115-120, 122-129, 137+.
American journal of microscopy and popular science. New York. Ac. 3^~'-,

4', 6': i). 1. 2: R. P. 1-5.

246

American journal of pharmacJ^ Philadelphia, Pa. P. 54, 55, 58+: K. P.

III. 1-18; IV. 1, 2.
American journal of i)hysiology. Boston, Mass. D. 15-20: F. 29+: I. U.

1 + : P. 13+: S. N. 1 + : W. 5-7.
American journal of psychology. Baltimore, Md.; Worcester, Mass. E.

2-6, 12, 14, 16, 17: F. 2, 3, 19+: I. U. 1 + : P. 19+: S. N. 1 + : W. 10-18.
American journal of public health. New York. See American public health

association. Journal.
American journal of public hygiene. Boston, Mass.; Columbus, O. Exp.

n. s. 1*, 2*, 3-6: P. n. s. 1-6.

Continues as American public health association . Journal, q. c.

American journal of religious psychology. Worcester, Mass. I. U. 1+:

S. N. 1 + .

Volumes 1-4 called Journal of religious psychology and education.

American journal of science. New Haven, Conn. B. III. 11-16, 19-50; 1\ .
1-23, 25-33: D. 10, 11: E. IV. 27+: Exp. 37*, 38*: I. U. 1-10, 12, 14-50;
II. 1-50; III. 1-50; IV. 1-5, 7+: N. D. 8*, 9*, 11*, 12*, 49, 50*: N. H.
I. 45, 47, 49, 50; II. 1-8, 17-20; III. 1-12: P. 1 + : R. P. 1 + : S. N. 100+:
W. 1-150, n. s. 1-28.
Called American journal of science and arts until 1879. Also known as Silliman's journal.

American journal of the medical sciences. Philadelphia, Pa.; New York.

D. o. s. 38-41; n. s. 29-36, 129-133, 135-152: I. U. 133-138, 140+.
American machinist. New York. Ft. W. 30+: G. 32+: L. P. 36*+: M. 10+ :

N. D. 22+: P. 5-8, 10-14, 16+: R. P. 6+.
American mathematical monthly. Kidder; Springfield, INIo. I. V. 1 + :

N. D. 4, 6, 7, 12+: P. 1-8, 12+: S. N. 4 + : W. 5+.
American mathematical society. New York.

Bulletin. D. II. 1-6: I. U. 1 + : P. II. 1 + : S. N. 1, 3+: W. 8+.
Transactions. I. U. 1 + : P. 1 + .
American medical association. Chicago, 111.; Philadelphia, Pa.

Jovn-nal. Exp. 54*, 55+: I. U. 41 + : M. 1-54, 57+: N. H. 1-4: P. 1-3,

9-22, 36, 38, 40+*: T. H. 1+.
Transactions. N. H. 10, 24, 32.
American microscopical society. Washington. D. C; Decatur, Iowa.

Transactions. D. 30+.
American midland naturalist. Notre Dame, Ind. E. 1: Exp. 1 + : N. D.

1 + : P. 1, 2*+.
American miller. Chicago, 111. Exp. 39+.

247

American monthly m:igaziiu' ami critical review. Now York. AI. 18, 20+:

N. D. 1-3.
American monthly microscopical journal. Washington, D. C. Ac. l-4'~''-,
5'. 9\ lOS 19' 3-1-, 20-21'-'"-, 22'-5 '-'c 12, 23i-«: D. 1, 10-15, 18-23*,
N. D. 8*-10*, 11-18, 21: P. 2: R. P. 1-2: W. 1-5, 13-15.
American museum journal. New York. N. D. 9 + .
.\merican museum of natural history. New York.

Annual report. Ac. '70-'89: N. D. 40+: S. L. '90-'92.
Bulletin. Ac. 1'^^: P. 8: S. L. I-U, 13-18.
Memoirs. I. U. 1: S. L. 1*, 2*, 3*, 4*.
American national live stock association. See National live stock association.
American naturalist. Salem, Mass.; Philadelphia, Pa.; Boston, Mass. B.
1-6, 11-24, 26+: D. 1-5, 20+: E. 1-4, 7, 40+: F. 1-4, 11-13: I. U.
10-13, 16+: M. 1: N. D. 2, 6, 23, 24*, 25, 26*, 27, 28: N. H. 1-3: P.
1-8, 10*, 11 + : S. L. I + : S. N. 1-22, 24+: W. 1 + .
.\merican pliarmaceutica! association. Chicago. 111.
Bulletin. N. D. 2-6: P. 5 + .
Journal. N. D. 1*.

Proceedings. I. V. '02-'05: N. D. 55: P. 6, 10, 14, 15, 32+: S. L. 1-40,
42 + .
American philosophical society. Philadelphia, Pa.

Proceedings. Ac. 27-38, 47, 48, 51-156, 157+ : Exp. 30+: I. U. 5-36, 38:

R. P. 16-23, 27, 28: S. L. 27-38, 47, 48, 51-156.
Transactions. N. D. n. s. 34: N. H. n. s. 1.
American photography. Boston, Mass. Ft. \Y. 1 + .
American physical education review. Boston, Mass. G.17+: I.U. 1 + : S.N.

1 + .
.\merican polj-technic journal. Washington, D. C. N. H. 1, 2, 4.
American pomological society. Boston, Mass.

Proceedings. Exp. 15, 16, 18-20, 22-32: P. 15, 16, 18-20, 22+.
Bulletin. Exp. 1, 3.
American poultry advocate. Syracuse, N. Y. Exp. 17*, 18*. 19+.
American poultry association.

Proceedings. P. 29-33, 37.
American ])ublic health association. New York.

Journal. Exp. n. s. 1 + : F. n, s. 1: P. n. s. 1 + : S. L. n. s. 2+.
Formerly American journal of public hygiene q. v.

Papers and reports. S. L. 1-2, 4-36.

248

American quarterly microscopical journal. Xcw York. R. P. 1-3.
American railroad journal. New York. N. H. 1-6: S. L. 1-6.

Continued in American engineer and railroad journal q. v.

American railway bridge and building association.

Proceedings. P. 18+.
American railwaj' engineering and maintenance of way association. Chicago,
111.

Bulletin. P. '02*+.

Proceedings. P. 1+.
American railway master mechanics' association. New Y'ork.

Annual report. Ft. W. 2-17.

Proceedings. P. 1-5, 8-17, 20+.
American road builders' congress.

Reports. P. 1.
American sheep-breeder and wool-grower. Chicago, 111. Exp. 30*, 31+:

P. 25+.
American society for psychical research. Boston, Mass.

Journal. S. N. 1, 2, 4+.

Proceedings. I. U. 1*: S. N. 1 + .
American society for testing materials.

Proceedings. P. 1+: R. P. 2-8.
American society of agricultural engineers.

Transactions. P. 1 + : R. P. 1 + .
American society of agronomy.

Proceedings. P. 1 + .
American society of civil engineers. New York.

Proceedings. Ft. W. 33+: P. 3-6, 12-17, 22.

Transactions. (1. 66+: P. 6-67: \i. P. 43, 44, 60+: S. L. 2, 29. 30, 49.
.52, 54.
American society of luxating and ventilating engineers. New York.

Transactions. P. 1 + .
American society of mechanical engineers. New York.

Journal. G. 34+: N. D. 32-34.

Transactions. CJ. 31 + : N. D. 17, 18: P. 1 + : H. P. 1 + .
American society of muiiici|)al imi)r()V('mi'iifs. Cincinnati, O.

Proceedings. P. 14.
American stock journal. New ^ Ork. S. L. 1, 2.
American street railway association. Brooklyn. X. Y.

lieport. P. 4-24.

249

American sugar industry and beet sugar gazette. Chicago, 111. Exp. 6*, 7,

8,9*, 10-12, 13*, 14+.
American swineherd. Chicago, 111. Y.xp. 26, 27, 28*, 29 + .
American tel""phone journal. New York. P. 5*, 6-lS!J.

Continued in Telephony q. v.

American veterinary medical association. St. Paul, Minn.

Proceedings. Exp. '90-'93, '96+.
American veterinary review. New York. Exp. 12, 14+.
American water works association. New York.

Proceedings. P. 18+.
American wool and cotton reporter. Boston, Mass. Exp. 25*, 26 + .
Analyst (Chem.j. London, England. Exp. 13*, 14, 15*, 16-21, 22*: I. U.

1-10: P. 8+.
Analyst (Math.). Des Moines, la. I.E. l-lOIi: P. l-10j|.

Continued as Annals oi mathematics q. v.
Anatomical record. Philadelphia, Pa. I. U. 1+: P. 1 + ; S. X. 1 + .
Anatomischer Anzeiger. Jena, Germany. B. 13-33, 35*, 36*, 37*, 38*, 39*,

40*: I. U. 1-38,40+.
Ancona world. Franklinville, N. Y'. Exp. l*-4*.
Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie (Liebig). Heidelberg; Leipzig, Germany.

D. 1+: Exp. 1-236, 241-300: P. 293, 295, 297, 299, 301-316, 321 + : W.

285-350.
Supplement. D.1-8: Exp. 1-8.
Annalen der Physik imd Chemie. Halle; Leipzig, Germany. I. I^. n. s. 48-72;

IV. 1 + : X. D. '09+: P. III. 1 + : S. L. 37+: W. 16 + .

Beiblatter. I. U. 17+: X. D. '09, '10: P. 31 + .
Annales de chimie et de physiciue. Paris, France. B. 7-9: I. U. VI. 28, 30;

VII. 2-30; VIII. 1+: X. D. VII. 16-19,20-30; VIII. 1-4, 5*-7*.
Annales de geographic. Paris, France. I. U. 7+: S. N. 8+.
Annales de la science agronomique fran^'aise et etrangere. Paris, France.

Exp. o. s. '89, '90; II. '03-'05.
Annales de paleontologie. Paris, France. 1. l". 1 + .
Annales des pouts et chaussees. Paris, France. R. P. VI. 15+.
Annales des sciences naturelles: botaniciue. Paris, France. Exp. VII. 7, 8:

1. I'. VII. 7, 9-20; VIII. 1-22; IX. 1 + : W. VII. 19, 20; VIII. 2-14.
Annales des sciences natiuelles: zoologie et ])ale(»iitologie. Paris, France.

1. U. 7, 8.
Annales historico-naturales niusei nationalis huugarici. Budapest, Hungary.

Ac. 1 + .

250

Annales mycologici. Berlin, Germany. Exj). 1-2, 9 + .

Annates scientifiques de I'ecole normale supericure. Paris, France. T. l',

I. 1-7; II. 1-12; III. 1 + .
Annali djUa rogia scuola ,sui)oriore di agricoltura in Portici. Naples, Italy.

Exp. II. 2-4, 9.
Annali di botanica. Rome, Italy. N. D. 10+.
Annali di mathematica pura et applicata. Rome; Milan. Italy. I. U. III.

17+.
Annals and magazine of natural history. London, England. I. U. \[l. 6, 9,

10, 17.
Annals of botany. London, England. D. 1-7, 14, 17+: I. V. If: P. 1 + :

S. N. 1+: W. 7.
Annals of hygiene. Philadelphia, Pa. M. 8.
Annals of mathematics. Charlotteville. Va.; Cambridge, Mass. D. 1-6:

I. U. o. s. 1-12; n. s. 1 + : P. II. 1 + : R. P. 1 + : W. 1-12, n. s. 1 + .

Continues Analyst (math.) </. r.
Annals of nature and Annual synopsis of new genera and species of animals,

plants, etc. Lexington, Ky. N. D. 1||.
Annals of scisnce. Cleveland, O. R. P. 1, 2.
Annee biologique. Paris, France. I. U. 1 + .
Annee psychologique. Paris, France. I. U. 1 + .
Annee scientificjue. Paris, France. N. D. 1-9.
Annee sociologique. Paris, France. I. V. 1 + .
Annual of scientific discovery. Boston, Mass. D. '.'j0-'()2, '65, '68-'71: 1.

U. 1-6, 10, 16-19, 21: X. H. '.50-'.'54, '56, '57, '60, '64, '66-'69, '71: P.

P. '50-'70: W. '51-'70.
Annual record of science and industry. New York. D. '71-'73: N. 11. '71,

'72: W. '71 -'76.
Annual register. London, England. N. H. 1-153.
.4nnual report on the progress of chemistry. B. 5-7: P. 1 + : W . 1-X.
Anthropological institute of New ^'ork.

.lournal. R. L. 1, 2.
.4nlhropos. \ ienna, Austria. I. U. 6 + .
Aquila. iiud.-ijx'st, Hungary. N. T^. '12+.
Arbeiten aus dei' kaiserlicheu (Jesundlicitsamfe. Berlin. Cermany. I. IT.

24-37, 39.
Arboriculture. Chicago, III.: Indianapolis; Conn( rs\illc, hid. I'.'xp. 1*, 2.

3, 4*, 5^ 6, 7^ Sj|: L. P. 2*: P. I-8|!.

251

Architects' and builders' magazine. New York. Ft. W. o. s. 42: G. o. .s.
44+: N. D. 3*, 38*-43*.

Continues as Architecture and building.

Architectural record. New York. Ft. W. 13+: G. 25+: M. 1 + : N. D. 19*-21*,

25*-32*: P. 23+: R. P. 31 + : S. N. 1 + .
Architectural review. Boston, Mass. G. n. s. 1 + : X. D. 11*-17*, 18+.
Architectural review and American builders journal. Philadel])hia, Pa.

X. H. 1.
Archiv der JMathematik mid Physik. Leipsig, (ierniany. I. U. 1-70; II.

1-17; III. 1 + : P. 9+.
Archiv der Pharmacie. Berlin, Germany. I. U. 236, 238+.
Archiv fiir Anatomie und Physiologie. Leipzig, Germany. I. U. 1 + .
Archiv fiir die gesammte Physiologie des Alenschcn und der Thiere. Bonn,

Germany. D. 27, 28: I. U. 1+: P. 106+ .
Archiv fiir die gesammte Psychologic. Leipzig, Germany. I. U. 1 + .
Archiv fiir Entwicklungsmechanik der Organismen. Leipzig, Germany.

I.I. 1 + .
Archiv fiir mikroskopische Anatomie und Entw ickelurgsgeschichte. Perm,

Germany. I. U. 1 + .
Archiv fiir pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und fiir klinische Medicin.

Berlin, Germany. I. U. 1 + .
Archiv fiir Rassen und Gesellschaft-Biologie. Berlin, Germany. I. U. 1 + .
Archiv fiir Sozialw issenschaf t und Sozialpolitik. Tiibingen, Germany. I.

U. 32+.
Archiv fiir Zellforsehung. Leipzig, Germany. I. U. 5+.
Archives de Biologic. Ghent, Belgium; Paris, France. I. \J. 11, 12, 18, 21*.
Archives de medicine experimentale. Paris, France. I. V. 18+.
Archives de parasitologic. Paris, France. I. U. 10-11, 13+.
Archives de zoologie experimentale et generale. Paris, France. I. U. II.

9, 10.
Archives of comparative medicine and surgery. New York. Exp. 1.
.\rchives of internal medicine. AI. 3-5.

Archives of neurology and psychiatry. London, England. I. U. 1 + .
Archives of philosophy, psA'chology and scientific methods. New York. I. U. 1.
Archives of psychology. New York. I. U. 1 + .

Archives of scientific and practical medicine. Philadelphia, Pa. D. 1*||.
Arizona. Agricultural experiment station. Tucson.
Annual report. Exp. 1, 2, 6+: P. 1, 2, 6+: S. L. '09.
Bulletin. D. 34: Exp. 1+: P. 1-39, 41+: S. L. '10+.

252

Arizona. Horticultural commission.

Annual report. P. 1 + .
Arkansas. Agricultural experiment station. Fayetteville.

Annual report. Exp. 1+: P. 2, 3, 17, 20+.

Bulletin. p]xp. 1+: P. 1 + .
Arkansas. Geological survey. Little Piock.

Annual report. I. U. '57.'(;0, '88-'92: N. H. '88: P. 88-92*: P. P. '88-'9():
8. N. '92, '09.

Report of a geological reconnaissance of the northern comities. X. II.
1, 2.
Arkansas (State) horticultural society. Little Rock.

Annual report. Exp. 24, 29+.
Arkiv for botanik. Stockholm, Sweden. X. D. 8+.
Arkiv for zoologi. Stockholm, Sweden. X. D. .5+.
Art amateur. New York. M. 7-11, 24, 25: X. D. 15, 16% 17-21, 24-30, 35-38:

P. 3-30: R. P. 17-45: S. X. 36-48.
Art interchange. New York. M. 18-23, .39-51.
Art journal. London, England. P. 4-6.
Asiatic society of Bengal. Calcutta, Lidia.

Proceedings. Ac. '85'-^' «-'», '86'-^' «• »-'», '87'-"', '88.'91, '%2'-\ '93=-«'
8-10 '941-10 '95^ '96^ '97'-^' ^11, '98^-", '99, 'OO'-''.
Asiatic society of Japan. Tokio.

Transactions. R. P. 7*, 8*.
Association frangaise pour Padvanceinent des sciences. Paris, France. X.

D. '87.
Association geodesicpie internationale.

Comptes rendus de.s seances de I'association.
R. P. '93+.
Association of American agricultural colleges and experiment stations.

Proceedings. Exp. '10+: P. 2+.
Association of Amei-ic.an geologists and iiattu-alists.

Reports. S. L. 1-3.
Association of American medical colleges.

Proceedings. L U. 8, 18+.
Association of .American Portland cemcnl manufacturer.^. I'liiladdpliia. Pa.

Bulletin. Kx]). 10, 18-23, 25+.
Association of engineering societies. Boston, .Mass.

•lournal. !'. 1 + : K. P. 1 + .

258

Associazione elettrotecnica italiana. Milan, Italy.

Atti. P. 1-7.
Astronomical journal. Boston, Mass.; Albany, N. Y. D. 7+: I. U. 2+: W.

13-21.
Astronomical society of the Pacific. San Francisco, Cal.

Publications. I. V. l+.
Astronomic. Paris, France. 1. U. 1-4.
Astronomische Xachrichten. Kiel, Germany. D. 113-138: I. V. 55-58, 107,

111, 118, 121-122, 124+.
Astronomy and astro-physics. Xorthfield, Minn. D. 11-13|1: I. U. 11-13||:
W. 11-13 .

Continues Siderial messenger q. r. Continued as Astrophysical journal q. v.

Astrophysical journal. Chicago, 111. D. 1 + : B. 2-6, 11+: I. U. 1 + : N. D.
1*, 2, 3*, 24*, 26*: P. 7, 19-27, 29+: W. 1-6, 17+.

Continues Astronomy and astrophysics q. v.

Atlantic deeper waterways association.

Proceedings. P. 1-3, 5+.
Atlantic jou nal and friend of knowledge. Philadelphia, Pa. N. D. 1.
Augustana college. Rock Isknd, 111.

Library publications. P. 4-6.
Auk. Cambridge, Mass.; New York. Ac. 26>: E. 22, 25, 26, 28, 29.
Australian associaticn for the adv^ncenKiit of science. Sichey, Australia.

Report. Ac. 7-12.
Automobile. New York. P. 12+.
Automobile trade journal. Philadelphia, Pa., P. 9+.
Ayrshire breeders' association.

Report. Exp. '11.

Yearbook. Exjj. '11, '13.
Bacteriological world and modem medicine. Battle Creek, Mich. N. D.

1*.
Baltimore (Md.). See Johns Hopkins hospital; Johns Hopkins university.
Barrels and bottles. Indianapolis, Ind. Exp. 10, 11*, 12+.
Baumaterialienkunde. Stuttgart, Gerrrany. P. 3*, 4, 5, 10-12||.
Bayerische Academic der Wissenschaften. See Koniglich bayerische. etc.
Beet sugar gazette. Chicago. 111. Exp. 1*, 2-3*, 4*.
Beitrage zur Biologic der Pflanzen. Breslau. Germany. Exp. 1-4.
Beitrage zur kenntniss der Baumkrankhciten. Berlin, Germany. Exp. '88.
Beitrage zur Mykologie. Frankfort, Germany. Exp. '50-'63.

254

Beitrage zur Psychologie und Philosophic. Leipzig, Germany. I. U. 1 + .
Belfast natural history and philosophical society. Belfast, Ireland.

Report. Ac. '85.'88, '86-'01, '04-'06, '08-'10: N. D. '11.
Berliner astronomisches Jahrbuch. Berlin, Germany. I. U. '34-'36, '73,

'03, '04.
Berliner klinische Wochenschrift. Berlin, Germany. I. U. 43+.
Better farming. Chicago, 111. Exp. 32, 33*, 34 + .
Better fruit. Hood River, Ore. Exp. 1+: P. 2+.
Bibliographia physiologica. Vienna, Austria. I. U. III. 1+: P. 1 + .
Bibliographia zoologica. Leipzig, Germany. I. U. 1-17, 19+.
Bibliographic geographique annuellc. I. U. 7+.
Biltniore (X. C.) botanical studies. N. D. 1 + .
Biochemical bulletin. New York. P. 1 + .

Biochemisches Centralblatt. Berlin; Leipzig, Germany. I. U. 4+.
Biological bulletin. Woods' Hole, Mass. D. 1 + : F. 18-20: I. U. 1+: P.

14+: S. N. 1 + : W. 4+.

Continues Zoological bulletin q. v.

Biological society of Washington, (D. C).

Proceedings. Ac. 1-23*: I. U. 1.
Biologisches Centralblatt. Leipzig, Germany. D. 1-30; I. V. 1 + .
Biologisches Gesellschaft. Christiana, Norway.

Mitteilungen. N. D. 18*.
Biometrika. Cambridge, England. E.xp. 8+: I. U. 1 + .
Bird lore. Harrisbiu'g, Pa.; New York. E. 1 + : Exji. 1, 2: F. 12+: G. 1-3,

4-6, 8, 12+: M. 12+: T. H. 9+: W. 3 + .
Birds and nature. Chicago, 111. I. U. 1-14: L. P. 1 + :N.H. 1-16: S. N. 1-21.
Blatter fiir aquarien und terrarien kunde. Magdeburg, Germany. N. D. 24.
Bollettino della arboricultura italiana. Exp. 5*, 6, 7: N. D. 5+.
Boston (Mass.). See American academy of arts and sciences.
Boston (Mass.) cooking school nuigaziiic. G. 1.)*, 16+: P. 18+.
Boston (Mass.) journal of natural history. R. P. 1-6: 8. L. 2-6.
Boston (Mass.). Metropolitan water and sewerage board.

Annual report. P. 1-9, 11 + .
Boston mycological club. Cambridge, Mass.

Bulletin. N. D. 3-21.
Boston society of natural history. Boston, Mass.

Memoirs. Ac. 5»: I. U. 4*: R. P. '62-'69.

Proceedings. Ac. 31«, 34': I. U. 26-33: R. P. '34-'57.

255

Boston (Mass.). Transit commission.

Annual report. R. P. 5, 8, 10+.
Boston (Mass.). Water board.

Annual report. P. 16, 17, 19.

Botanical gazette. Crawfordsville; PloonJngton, Ind.; Chicpgo, 111. Ac.

U'-'": B. 26-50: D. 12+: E. 13-30, 33+: F. 10-13, 27-32, 53+: I. U.

13+: M. 49-52: N. D. 9*-ll*, 12-18, 24*-26*, 27, 28*, 30,31*, 32, 34*,

42*,46*,49*, 55+:P. 1 + : S. L. 4-13, 15+: S. N. 1, 2, 4, 6, 8+: W. 1 + .

Botanical journal. London, England. Ac. 2'-*, 3+.

Botanical magazine. London, England. See Curtis's botanical magazine.
Botanical magazine. Tokyo, Japan. Exp. 24, 25: X. D. 12, 13, 15, 18, 27.
Botanical society of Edinburgh, Scotland.

Transactions. Ac. 22'-3, 23'~^ 24', 25+.
Botanische veveening. Nijmrngen, Holland. N. D. '13+.
Bontanische Zeitung. Berlin; Leipzig, Cerman3\ Exp. 34, 35, 44, 46, 48-65,

67, 68: L T'. 1-16, 19+: W. 51-59.
Botanischer Jahrcsbericht (Just's). Berlin, Germany. D. 1-32: Ex-p. 1-9,

14-17: W. 1-20.
Botanischer Verein der Provinz Brandenburg. lierlin. Germany.

Verhandlungen. Ac. 36+.
Botanisches Centralblatt. Jena, Germany. D. 1 + : Exp. 1-88: I. U. 1 + :
W. 49-60, 89 + .
Beihefte. D. 1+: Exp. 1-9, 21-28: L U. 6-7, 9+.
Botanisches Listitut. \Yurzburg, Germany.

Arbeiten. Exp. 1, 2.
Botanisches Staats-Listitut. Hamburg, Germany.

Mitteikmgen. N. D. 23+.
Botaniska notiser. Lund, Sweden. N. D. '09+.
Brain. London, England. L U. 12-14, 17+: S. N. 13, 15+.
Braithwaite's retrospect of practical medicine and surgery. New York. D.

1, 3-47, 85-87: N. H. '84*, 106.
Brazil. See Museu Goeldi.
Breeder's gazette. Chicago, Hi. D. 55: Exp. 27*, 42*, 43, 44*, 45, 46, 49*,

50*, 51*, 52*, 53, 54, 55*, 56*, 57+: N. H. 58+: P. 1 + : S. L. 1-52.
Brickbuilder. Boston, Mass. G. 18+: N. D. 13*, 14*, 17*, 18*, 19+: R. P.

9+.
Bristol (England) naturalists' society.
Proceedings. Ac. I-' ', 2^~^, 3'.

256

British and foreign medico-chirurgical review. London. England.

Report. N. H. 1-56.
British annual and epitome of the progress of science. London, England.

N. H. '38.
British association for the advancement of science. London, England.

Report. N. H. 54-56: R. P. '31+: S. L. 1-59.
British astronomical association. London, England.

Journal. L l^. 1 + .

Memoirs. L U. 11, 14, 16-17.
British Columbia. Agriculture, Department of. Victoria.

Annual report. Exp. '95, '96, '02+: P. '94.

Bulletin. Exp. 11-15, 17, 18. 26, 27. 30, 32, 37-40, 44+: P. 26, 30, 37-40,
42, 44, 45, 47, 49+.
British Columbia dairymen's association. Victoria.

Report. Exp. '06: P. '12.
British Columbia farmers' institutes. \'ictoria.

Amiual report. Exp. '00-'03, '05, '09, '11: P. '12.
British Columbia fruit-grower's association. Victoria.

Report. Exp. '10: P. '10, '12.
British Columbia. Mines, Department of.

Animal r>'port. 8. L. '96-'98, 1900-'04.
British Columbia poultry association. Victoria.

R('l)or1. Exp. '10.
British Columbia slock breeders' association.

Annual report. P. '09.
British journal of psychology. Cambridge, p]ngland. P. 2 + .
British journal of tuberculosis. London, England. S. L. 2+.
British medical journal, ivondon, England. L V. '06+: T. H. '09 + .
British patents, Abridgements of. R. P. 1558^-.
Brooiilyn (N. Y.) institute of arts and sciences. .Museum.

Science l)ulletin. X. I). 1 + .
Broteria. Hevista de sciencias natmaes do colh^gio ilc S;in l-'iel. Lisbon,

Portugal. X.D. 1 + .
Urown uni\('isit \-. I'lovidiMicc, H. \. I^iologicai iaixiralory. Studies. I. I'.

1 + .
Brussels (Belgium). L'agricultuic, .Xdniinist ration dc

Uullctin. i<;\p. o. s. 18*-23*; n. s. 1*-3^

257

Brussels (Belgium) jardin botanique de Tetat.

Bulletin. N. D. 3+.

Conspectus florae africae. N. D. 1,5.
Brussels (Belgium). Observatoire royal de Belgique.

Annales physique. Ac. 3'.

Annales astronomique. Ac. 9', IT: I. U. 1*, 13*: S. L. 6.
Bryn Mawr (Pa.) college.

IMonographs. Ac. V~\ 5-7, 9: N. D. reprint ser. 9+.
Bryologisl. Brooklyn, N. Y. N. D. 13+.

Budapest (Hungary). See Magyar botanikai Lapok; Magyar Kiralyi termes-
zeLtudomanyi tarsulat; Magyar madartani kozpont folyoirata; Magyar
nemzeti miizeum.
Buenos Aires (Argentine Re])ublic). See Museo de la Plata; Museo nacional;

Sociedad cientifica Argentina.
Buenos Aires (Argentine Republic) universidad.

Anales. P. 1-3, 6-15.
Buffalo society of natural sciences. Buffalo, N. Y.

Bulletin. Ac. 1-4, 5'' ■'■ ■', 6, 9': Exp. 5*, 6*: P. 1, 2.
Builder and woodworker. New York. X. H. 18.
Building age. New York. Ft. W. 32+: G. 32+.

Continues Carpentry and building q. r.

Building management. Chicago, 111. G. 10 + .
Building progress. N. D. l*-3*, 4 + .
Buitenzorg (Java). Jardin botanique.

Annales. (Botanical and zoological parts). I. U. II. 1 + .
Bulletin astronomique de I'observatoire de Paris (France). I. U. 14-28: W.
15-17.

Continues astronomical section of Bulletin dos sciences mathematiques et astronoiniques
rj. i\

Bulletin dcs sciences mathematiques et astronon. icfue. Paris, France. I. U.
1-11; II. 1 + .

Since 1884 the astronomical portion has been published as a separate serial. See Bulletin
astronomic}ue.

Bulletin of American paleontology. Ithaca, N. Y. I. U. 1, 4.

Bulletin of pharmacy. Detroit, Mich. N. D. 16*-20*, 23, 24*, 25, 26*, 21*:

P. 14 + .
Butchers' and packers' gazette. St. Louis, Mo. Exp. 103*, 104*, 105+ .
Butter, cheese and egg journal. Milwaukee, Wis. Ex]i. 2*, 3 + .

17—1019

258

California academy of sciences. San Francisco, Cal.

Bulletin. Ac. V, 2^^.

Occasional papers. Ac. 1-9: I. U. 1, 5.

Proceedings. Ac. II. 1''-. 2,3'- -. 4'- -, 5'"-. 6; III. hot. l'-'", 2'-i'; geol.
I'-io, 21- •'; math, and phys. l'-*; zool. 1'-'^ 2'-", 3'-'\ 4'-»; IV. 1, 3:
I. U. II. 5, 6; III. bot. 1 + , g3ol. 1 + , zool. 1+: N. D. IV. 1 + .
California agricultural experiment station. Berkeley.

Annual rejjort. D. '97-'98: Exp. '88-'04: P. '88-'04.

Bulletin. D. 107, 160, 165, 170, 171: Exp. 3-49, 51-61, 63-^: P. 83-^.

Reports of the viticultural work. D. '87-'93: ExiJ. '83-'95: P. '83-'95.
California agricultural experiment station. South Pasadena.

Bulletin. Exp. 2-3, 5-10, 13.
California (state) agricultural society.

Transactions. P. '00, '01, '05-'08, '10-'12. S. L. '58+.
California association of nurserymen.

Transactions. P. 1 + .
California conservation commission. Sacramento.

Report. N. D. '12+.
California cultivator. Los Angeles. Exp. 34*, 35*, 36*, 37+.
California dairy association. San Francisco.

Proceedings. Exp. '98.
California. Forestry, State board of.

Biennial report. P. 3.

Bulletin. P. 1.
California fruit growers' convention.

Proceedings. P. 18, 19, 28, 29, 35 + .
California. Geological sin-vey.

Report. E. 1, 2.
California. Health, State board of.

liiennial report. P. '84-'96, '98-'10.

Monthly bulletin. P. 5-7.
California. Horticulture, State board of. Sacramento.

.\nnual report. Exp. '89-'92.

Biennial report. Exp. '85-'8(i, '93-'98, '01-'02: P. '93.'94.

Bulletin. Exp. 57, 58, 63-67.

'I'ransactions. Exp. '93.
C^alifornia. Horticulture, Stale coiiunissioner of.

liiot.uiai report. I'Ap. •03-'0(;, '11 + : P. •05-'08. '11. '12.

.Montlilx hullcliii. I'^xp. H- .

259

California (State) medical societ.y.

Transactions. N. H. '72.
California railroad conniiission. Sacramento.

Report. N. D. '12+.
California registration board.

Report. Exp. '12.
California (state) university chroiiicle. Berkeley. P. 11 + .
California (state) university. Geology, Department of, Berkeley.

Bulletin. Ac. P"''' '*: Fxp. 14: I. U. 1 + .
California (state) university. Lick observatory. Mt. Hamilton.

Bulletin. I. U. 1-4.

rublications. I. U. 1-3, 5, 8: X. D. 1-3.
California (state) university. Physiology, department of, Berkeley. Ac.

3,4-17^ 4,-, 3, 16, 17. J_ Y 1 + .

California (state) university. Publicaticns. Berkeley.

Agricultural sciences. Exp. 1*.

Botany. X. D. 1, 2*, 3*, 4*, 5+.
California, ^'(ntura county horticultural conn issioner. Santa Paula.

Bulletin. Exp. 1, 2.
California (state) water commission. Sacramento.

Report. X. D. '12+.
Camera. Philadc'ljjhia, Pa. d. 17 + .
Canada. See also Alberta; Manitoba; Nova Scotia, Ontario; Prince Edward

Island; Quebec; Saskatchewan; Western Canada.
Canada. Agriculture, Department of. Ottawa.

Bulletins of the central experimental farms. Exp. 1-7, 9-22, 2+29, 31-34,
36-66, 68+: IL 5, 7, 9, 10, 12+: P. 3-6, 11, 12, 14, 16-29, 31-34, 36-66,
68+.

Reports. Exp. 'g9-'07, '09+: P. '86, '88+.
Canada. Agriculture, Minister of. Toronto.

Annual report. Exp. 1, 2.
Canada. Conservation, Commission of. Ottawa.

Report. Exp. '10, '12+: P. 1 + : S. L. '10+.
Canada. Dairy and cold storage com.n issioner's branch. Ottawa.

Annual report. Exp. '06, '07, '09-11: P. '06, '10, '11.

Bulletin. Exp. o. s. 4, n. s. 2, 3, 6, 12, 13, 15, 18, 20, 24, ?5, 38: P. n. s.
7, 12, 18, 23, 25, 28, 30.
Canada. Entomologist, Dominion. Ottawa.

Reports. Exp. '10+.

260

Canada. Forest !■>• and irrifialion. Sii))('iiiit('ii(l(Mit (jf.

Report. I'. '09-' 10.
Canada. Ciame coininissioners. 'I'oronlo.

Report. Exp. '06.
Canada, (leolof^iral survey.

Ainiual re])ort. I. V. n. s. 2, 5-16: X. D. '04-'ll:P. n. s. 1 + :R. P. '47-'.58:
1. N. 1-7, 9: S. ].. 'G3-'08.

Catalogue of Canadian plant.s. S. X. 7.

Contributions to paleontology. X. D. 3+: S. T.. 1*, 2*, 3*, 4*.

Memoirs. X. D. 1-17, 21, 24, 27, 28, 33, 35+: S. ].. 1 + .

Report of progress. P. 20-27.
Canada. Geological and natural history sur\-ey.

Summary reports. P. '85-'87, '89, '91, '05, '06.
Canada gootl roads assoeiation. Toronto.

Report. K.xp. '94.
Canada hortieultural societies of ()ntaiio. Toronto.

Report. E.xp. '06+; P. '06 + .
Canada. Horticulturist, Dominion. Ottawa.

Report. Exj). '10.
Canada. Inland revenue department, J.ahoratory of. Ottawa.

Bulletin. Exp. 54-60. 65-71, 82, 83, 85, 95, 97-100, lOS, 109, 112. 113, 153,
159, 175. 182, 222.

Report. V.\p. '09.
Canada. Interior, Department of.

Report of the chief astronomer. I. l'. '05, '09.
Canada. Inteiioi', Department of. Foicstry l)rancli. Ottawa.

Bulletin. K\\). 2-9, 13, 14, 16-31, 33+: P. 1 + .

Report. l<:xp. '96*-'09*, 11*, 12+.
Canada. International connnission on the control of l)o\ine tuberculosis.
Ottawa.

.\nnual re])ort. I'Xp. '10.
Canada. Live stock commissionei'. Ottawa.

Bulletin. Exp. 7-9, 11 + .
Canada. Meteorological service.

.\nnual report. H. P. '88-'90, '«5-'05.
Canada. Mines, Dei)artment of.

Bulletin. S. I,. '09 + .

Report. S. I,. •06-'ll.

261

Canada. Patent ofiice.

Record. R. P. 24+.
Canada poultry institutes. Guelph.

Report. Exp. 1-4.
Canada provincial instructor in road making. Toronto.

Annual report. Exp. '96-'08.

Bulletin. E.xp. 1, 2.
Canada. \'eterinary director-general and live stock commissioner. Ottawa.

Report. E.xp. '07, '08, '10, '11.
Canada woman's institute. Toronto.

Report. Exp. '06, '07, '08*, '09, '10, '11*, '12+.
Canada year books. Exp. '0.5-'09.
Canadian department of mines. Ottawa.

Memoirs of geological survey. N. D. 1-17, 21, 24, 27, 28, 33, 35+.
Canadian entomologist. Toronto; London, Ontario. D. 24-30*: Exp. 21*:

P. 39+: 8. N. 21-29.
Canadian forestry association.

Report. P. 11 + .
Canadian institute. Toronto.

Annual report. Ac. '86-'91.

Proceedings. Ac. III. 3--\ 4'' -, 5'' -, 6'- -, 7'; n. s. l■-^ 2'-f'.

Transactions. Ac. V -, 2'- -, 4-, 5'' -, 6'' ^ 7'-\ 8'-^,-9'.
Canadian record of science. Montreal, Can. Ac. V- *, 2'~^ ■'• ■: I. V. 7-8.
Canadian science montiily. Kentville, N. S. Ac. 3''- *~".
Canadian seed growers' association. Ottawa.

Report. Exp. '04+: P. '04+.
Canal record. (Isthmian canal.) Ancon, Canal Zone. P. 1 + .
Cape of Good Hope. Entomologist report, Government. Cape Town.

Annual report. Exp. '95-'98.
Cape of Good Hope agricultural journal. P. 27-29, 37+.
Cape of Good Hope. Royal observatory.

Report. S. L. '09+.
Carnegie institution of Washington (D. C).

Publications. D. 15: I. U. 1-19, 21-54, 56-62, 64-79, 81-85, 87-149, 152-
158, 160-162, 166, 167, 171, 174, 176+: X. D. 1 + .: P. 4 + : S. N. 12,
18, 19, 23, 30, 36, 37, 47. 49, 50, 51, 58, 64, 67, 70, 82, 94, 95, 98, 99,
112, 114, 117.

Year-book. P. 1 + .

262

Carnegie institution. Marine biological laboratorj'. Tortugas, Fla.

Papers. S. N. 1, 2.
Carnegie institute. Pittsburg, Pa.

Annals. Ac. '01+: I. U. 1 + : N. D. 1*, 3*, 4*, 5*.

Annual report. Ac. '98+: I. U. 1 + : P. 1 + : W. 1 + .

Celebration of founder's day. Ac. '98-'00, '02-'05, '07+: I. U. 1 + .

Memoirs. Ac. 1, 2, 3\ 4'-': I. U. 1 + .

Prize essay contest. Ac. '99-'04: I. U. 1 + .
Carpentry and building. . New York. Ft. W. 31 1|.

Continued by Building age q.v.
Carlson's breeders' review. Norfolk, Neb. Exp. 1*, 2+.
Cassier's magazine. New York. F. 39+: Ft. W. 19, 21 + : C;. 35+: I. U.
28-30: L. P. 18-26: M. 41 + : P. 4+: R. P. 5-33, 36+: S. N. 13+: T.
H. 7+.
Cattle specialist. Waukesha, Wis. Exp. 2*, 3*«
Cellule, Lierre, Belgium. L U. 22+: N. D. 1 + .
Cement age. New York. N. D. 2*, 7*.

Continues a,s Concrete-cement age q. v.
Cement era. Chicago, 111. N. D. 5*.

Cement world. Chicago, 111. N. D. 1*, 2*, 3, 4, 5*, 6: R. P. 2+.
Central Park menagerie. New York.

Reports. Ac. '88-'90.
Central railway club. Buffalo, N. Y.

Proceedings. P. 2+.
Central states medical monitor. Indianapolis, Ind. P. 5-11*.
Centralblatt fiir allgemeine uiid experimentale Biologic. I.. U. 1 + .
Centralblatt fiir agrikultur Chemie (Biedennan). Leipzig, Ciermany. Exp.

16*, 17-19, 20*.
Centralblatt fur Bakteriologie. Parasiteiikunde und Infektionskrankhc iten.
Jena, Germany. P. 36 + .
Erste Abtheilung. Exp. 1-18: 1. l'. l-SOp.

After 39 issued in two serie^, Relerate and Originale.

Referate. Exp. 46+: I. U. 31-56, 60, 62, 63, 65+: 1'. 36 + .

Originale. Exp. 53+:

Zweite Abtheilung. Exp. 2+: I. V. 1-20, 22-29, 31 + .
Centralblatt fiir l<]lectrotechnik. Municli, (Winiany. K. P. 7-10.
Centralblatt fiir Alineralogie, Ceologie uiid I'idaeontolo-ic. SluHgart, Ger-
many. I. U. 1-12.

A supplement to Neucs Jalirbuch fiir Mineraloijio y. v.

263

Centralblatt fiir normale Anatomie und INlikrotechnik. Berlin, Germany.

I. U. 1 + .
Centralblatt fiir Physiologic. Berlin; Leipzig, Germany. P. 19+: W. 6.
Charleston (S. C.) museum.

Bulletin. N. D. 8 + .
Chemical abstracts. See American chemical society.
Chemical engineer. Philadelphia, Pa.; Chicago, 111. E. 11+: N. D. 1*,

4-6, 10*, 16*, 17+: P. 1 + .
Chemical engineering and physical chemistry. B. 1 + .

Chemical news. London, England. D. 1-61: N. D. 1-3, 80-95, 97, 98, 99*,
100*, 101*, 104*, 107+ : P. 33+: R. P. 71 + : S. N. 39-52, 61-63, 68+:
W. 1-6.
Chemical society of London, England.

Annual report. B. '10+: D. 1-6: Exp. 1+: P. 1 + .

Journal. B. '06+: D. 24+: Exp. 1 + : N. D. 16-96, 101 + : R. P. 28+:
W. 59+.
Chemiker-zeiturg. Cothcn, Germany. Exp. 27+: I. L'. 1-19.

Beilage. Chemisch-technisches repertorium. Exp. 33, 34.
Chemisches Centralblatt. Hamburg; Berlin, Germany. Exp. 60, 61: L I'.

52+: X. D. 77+: P. 47+: R. P. '04+.
Chemist and druggist. London, England. P. 70+:
Chicago (111.) academy of sciences.

Annual report. Ac. '95-'97.

Special publications. Ac. 3.

Bulletin. Ac. l'-'", 2^-\ 3'-": N. D. 3.
Chicago (111.). Geological and natural history survey.

Bulletin. Ac. 1-6. 7': N. D. 1.
Chicago (111.) dairy prodvice. Exp. 13*, 17*, 18+.
Chicago (111.) entomological society.

Memoirs. Ac. 1'.
Chicago (111.). Health, Department of.

Biennial report. Exp. '94-'96.
Chicago (111.) medical journal. D. 27, 28*.
Chicago (111.) university. Hull i)hysiological laboratory. Physiological

archives. I. U. 1.
Chile, Universidad de. Santiago.

Anales. I. U. 103, 108-123, 125+ : P. '82*+.
China. Agriculture and forestry, De])artnient of.

Agricultural journal. Exj). 1*+.

264

Christiania, Xoivvay. f^ec Videnskabs selskabet.
Cincinnati (O.) lancet and observer. N. H. n. s. 1*, 2, 3*.

Continued as Cincinnati lancet-clinic q. v.
Cincinnati (O.) lancet-clinic. D. n. .s. 2-4, 5*, 6-8, 9*, 10-12, 13*, 14-16, 17*,
18*, 24*, 27*: P. n. s. 16-24*.
Continues Cincinnati lancet and observer (j. r.
Cincinnati (O.) medical and surgical news. D. n. s. 1*, 2*.
Cincinnati (O.) musevnn association.

Report. Exp. 19-28.
Cincinnati (O.) society of natural history.

Journal. Ac. 11, 12i-3, 15' • ^ 16=-^: I. U. 4+: 8. L. 1-10.
Cincinnati (O.) observatory.

Annual report. I. U. '70.
Cincinnati (O.) cjuarterly journal of science. I. U. 1, 2.
Cincinnati (O.) university.

Record. N. D. I. 8+: II. 7 + .

Studies. I. U. II. 3+: P. II. 1 + .
Circolo mathematico. Palerno, Italy.

Rendiconti. I. U. 1-f.
Civil engineers' and architects journal. London, England. R. P. 1-2.5.
Clark university. Worcester, jVfass.

Nature study leaflet. P. 1, 2.
Clemson college. See Sonth Carolina.
Cold. Calcium, N. Y. Exp. 1 + .

Coleman's rural world. St. Louis, Mo. Exp. 63*, 64 + .
College of physicians of Philadelphia (Pa.).

Proceedings. N. H. 1789.
Colorado. Agriculture, State board ti. rcnver.

Aimual report. Exp. 2, 16, 26, 28, 30, 32+: X. D. 23: P. 2, 4, ,12-18,
20, 22, 24, 26, 28.
Colorado. Agricultural ex|:eriirent station. Fort Collins.

Annual report. Exp. 1 + : N. D. 3, 14, 16, 22, 24, 33, 34: P. 1. 2, 4+.

Bulletin. D. 31, 35, 44, M. IK)-!)!), 101. 103-106: Exp. 1-17!), 1S1 + : X. I).
100, 150-152. 1.57. 15S, l(;()-17il, \y()+: \\ 1 + : S. I.. 34, 35. 43. 44, 49-53,
100, 117-119.
Colorado college. Colorado S| rirgs.

I'ublication. 1. V. 33-35, 39-53: X. D. .scitMice ser. 11+; soci.-d ser. 2+:
P. sci. ser. 13-20, 23-26, 30-32. 39+: JMig. ser. If.

265

Colorado (state) engineer.

Jiiennial report. P. 14.
Colorado (state) entomologist.

Annual report. P. 3.
Colorado fruit grower. Grand Junction. Exp. 3-4*.
Colorado. Geological survey.

Bulletin. I. U. 1 + .

Report. I. U. 1 + .
Colorado. Horticulture, State board of. Denver

Annual report. Exp. 13, 14, 16: P. 2, 5, 7, 11-15, 18, 19, 21 + .
Colorado school of mines. Golden.

Bulletin. P. 1-4*.
Colorado scientific society. Denver, Col.

Bulletin. Ac. 'O?'"- ", '98\ '99^' ^ '00^.

Proceedings. Ac. 1, 2'-3. 3'-'\ 5-9: I. U. 2-5: P. 9.
Colorado university. Boulder, Col.

Studies. I. U. 1 + : N. D. 7+: P. 1 + .

Journal of engineering. P. 1 + .
Colorado university. Psychology and education, Department of. Boulder,
Col.

Investigations. I. U. 1.
Columbia university. New York.

Ernest Kempton Adams fund for physical research publications. P. 4, fi.
Columbia imiversity. Botany, Department of. New York.

Contributions. N. D. 14.

Memoirs. N. D. 1, 2.

Bulletin. P. l-20li.

Continued as

Quarterly. I. U. 1+: P. 1+: W. 1 + .
Columbus (O.) horticultural society.

Report. Exp. '95, '99-'03: P. '87, '95-'00, '03-'09.
Columbus (O.) medical journal. D. 1-8*.

Continues Ohio medical journal. Columbus, q. v.
Comite geologique. 8t. Petersburg, Russia.

Bulletins. Ac. 17+.

Memoirs. Ac. 2"-, 7, 8^\ 9^-5, 103-^ 12^ l3--\ 14, 15>-^, 16^' -, 17'- ■', 18i-S
19, 201' =; n s. 1-38, 40-61, 63-69, 71, 75, 78, 81 + .

Supplement to bulletins. Ac. 14-17.

266

Comite regional del estado tie Duraiigo (Mexico j.

Boletino. N. D. 1, 2, 3+.
Commercial fertilizer. Atlanta, Ga. Exp. 1*, 2+
Commercial i^oviltry. Marseilles, 111. Exp. 19*.
Compressed air. Easton, Pa. R. P. 5, 7, 9-14.
Concrete. Detroit, Mich. Ft. W. 8||: N. D. 4*-12*.

Continued as Concrete-cement age q. v.

Concrete-cement age. Detroit, Mich. Ft. W. 1 + : CJ. 8+: N. D. 1*, 2*.

Continues Concrete, q. v., and Cement age, q. v.

Concrete review. Philadelphia, Pa. N. D. 3*.

Congres international des sciences geographiques. See International geo-
graphic congress.
Congres scicntificiue international des catholiques. Fribourg, Switzerland.

Compte rendu. N. D. '89, '91, '98, '95.
Connecticut academy of arts and sciences. New Haven, Conn.

Memoirs. Ac. 2, 3.

Transactions. Ac. 8, 9^ 10+: N. D. 14, 16+.
Connecticut. Agriciiltvu-al experiment station. New Haven.

Annual report. D. 23*: Exp. '76, '79-'ll, '12*: P. '79+.

Bulletin. Exp. 1, 17, 21, 23-30, 33-5G, 58-67 69, 71+: P. 60, 71, 73-77,
79-82, 84, 85, 87, 89+: S. L. '11+.
Connecticut. Agricultural experiment station (Storrs). Mansfield.

Annual report. Exp. 1+: P. '88+.

Bulletin. D. 4: Exp. 1 + : P. 1 + .
Connecticut (state) agricultural society.

Transactions. S. L. '54-'57.
Connecticut. Agriculture, Board of. Hartford.

Peport. Exp. 43: P. 13, 14, 16 + .
Connecticut. Dairy commissioner. Hartford.

Report. E.\p. 7: P. 2, 3, 6-17.
Connecticut. Domestic animals, C'onuinssioiieis on diseases of.

Rei)ort. P. 1, 5-7, 9+.
Connecticut (state) entomologist . Harlford.

Hei)ort. Exp. 1-8, 10.
Connecticut farmer and New I'.'iigland farn:s. New Haven. Exp. 41*, 42+.
Connecticut. Fislieries and game, commissioners.

H<'port. 1'. '09, '10.
("onnecticut forestry association.

Knilcliii. I'.'xp. 4-6.

267

Connecticut. Geological and natural history survey. Hartford. Exp. 11:

I. U. 10-11, 13+: P. 1 + .
Connecticut. Health, State board of. Hartford.

Report. Exp. '08: P. '83+.
Connecticut. Highway commissioner.

Piennial report. P. '97-'00, '05-'08.
Connecticut pomological society. Milford.

Report. Exp. '00.
Connecticut. Railroad commissioners.

Annual report. P. 55-59.
Connecticut. Shell-fish commissioners.

Report. P. '09, '10.
Connecticut society of civil engineers. New Haven.

Proceedings. P. 2, 6, 7, 9+.
Conservation. Exp. 8*, 9, 10*, 11, 12, 13*, 14*, 15*|| : N. H. 14, 15|| : P. 14, 15|| .

Continues Forestry and irrigation q. v.; continued as American fore.stry q. v.

Corn. Waterloo, la. Exp. 1 + .

Corn belt meat producers. Des Moines, la.

Annual report. Exi3. '09, '10.
Cornell civil engineer. Ithaca, N. Y. P. 15.

Continues Cornell university — Association of civil engineers. Transactions, q. v.
Cornell countryman. Ithaca, N. Y. P. 1*, 2*, 3*, 4-6.
Cornell imiversity. Association of civil engineers. Ithaca, N. Y.
Transactions. P. 1-14||.

Continues as Cornel civil engineer q. v.

Cotton seed. Atlanta, Ga. Exp. 7+.
Country calendar. New York. Exp. 1*||.

Merged in Country life in America q. v.
Country gentleman. Albany, N. Y. Exp. 3-53, 54*, 55*, 57*, 60*, 62*, 63*, 76*,

77*, 78+: G. 78+: S. L. 6-72.
Country life in America. Garden City, N. Y. Exp. 3-6, 7*, 9*, 11*, 13*, 14-18,

21 + : Ft. W. 7-10, 12-19, 21 + : G. 3+: P. 2+.
Craftsman. Syracuse, N. Y. Ft. W. 3-10, 12+: P. 1 + .
Creamery journal. Waterloo, la. Exp. 19*, 20+: P. 17+.
Criador paulista. Sao Paulo, Brazil. Exp. 1*, 2*, 3*, 4, 5, 6*, 7 + .
Cuba. Agricultura, industria y commercio, Secretaria de. Santiago de Las

Vegas.
Circulars. Exp. 7, 9, 11, 15, 18.

268

Cuba. Estacion central agronoinica.

Annual report. Exp. '04, '05.
Cuba. Horticultural society. Caniafjuey.

Annual report. Exi3. 1.
Cultivator. Albany, X. Y. X. H. 1-6, 11, 12: S. L. 1-5; n. .s. 1-8.

Continued as Cultivator and country gentleman. See Country gentleman.
Curtis's botanical magazine. London, England. X. D. 1-13, 22, 23: n. s. 6.
Dairy record. St. Paul, Minn. Exp. 7*, 11*, 12+: P. 5*, 6, 7*, 8+.
Dairymen's association of the province of Quebec.

Annual report. Exp. '95, '96, '09, '10.
Dakota farmer. Aberdeen, S. D. Exp. 30*, 31*.
Davenport (la.) academy of natural sciences.

Proceedings. Ac. 3"-', 5>, 6, 7: X. D. 10.
Decorator and furnisher. Xew York. P. 1-16, 19, 20, 22-23, 24*-31*.
Delaware. See also Peninsula horticultural society.
Delaware. Agricultural experiment station. Xewark.

.Annual report. Exp. 1-19, 21 + : P. 1 + .

P.ulletin. E.xp. 1 + : S. L. "10+: P. 1 + .

Special bulletin. Exp. A, B.
Delaware. Agriculture, State board of. Uoxcr.

Report of the secretary. Exp. 1-4: P. 1.
Delaware (state) grange. Dover.

Proceedings. Exp. '07-'10.
Denison university. Scientific laboratories. Granville, ().

Bulletin. Ac. 2-5, 6', 9-, 10, IV \ 13' «, 14'-i«, 15, 16'-'', 17'-": I. U.
1, 10+.
Denver (Colo.) municipal facts. Exp. 1*, 2*.

Deutscher amerikanischer Farmer. Lincoln, X'^eb. Exp. 21*, 22*, 24 + .
Deutsche botanische Gesellschaft. Berlin, Germany.

Berichtc. Exp. 1-28, 30*+: L U. l + : W. 13-15.
Deutsche chemische Gesellschaft. Berlin, Germany.

Berichte. D. 7+: L U. 1 + : X. D. 29+: P. 1 + : S. L. 46+: W. 1 + .
Deutsche dendrologische Gellschaft. Poppelsdorf; lionn, Germany.

Mitteilungen. X. D. '11 + .
Deutsche gcologische Gesellschaft. Jierlin, Gernuuiy.

Zeitschrift. I. U. 56+.
Deutsche (iesellschaft fiir Xatur- und Volkerkunde Ostasiens. 'I'okio, Japan,

.\li11cilungen. ,\c. 9^ supp. ", 10'-^ 11'-', 12'' =, 13'-^ 14'--,

269

Deutsche Kunst unci Dekoratioii. DaiiiKstadt. (Jermany. H- I7 + .
Deutsche Landwirtschaft-GesellschafI . Ijcrliii, CJermaiiy.

Jahrbuch. Exp. 25+.

.Mitloilunsen. Exp. 27+.
Deutsche Mechaniker-Zoitung. IJcrlin, Uejinany. P. '08.
Deutsche micrologische Gesellschaft. See Kleinwelt.
Deutsche tierarzliche Wochenschrift. Hanover, Germany. Exp. 18+.
Deutsche zoologische Gesellschaft. Leipzig, Germany.

Verhandlungen. I. U. 5.
Dietetic gazette. New York; Philadelphia, Pa. D. o. s. 3-6*.
Digest of physical tests and laboratory- practice. Philadelphia, Pa. H. P.

1,2.
Dingler's polytechnisches .Journal. Stuttgart: Berlin, (iermany. P. 320+ :

R. P. 259-262, 267-319.
District of Colinnbia. Health, Hoaid of.

Annual report. Exp. '97-'04: P. "84 + .
Dixie miller. Nashville, Tenn. Exp. 35*, 36+.
Domestic engineering, i)luinbing, heating, xcndlation, and mill supplies, ('hi-

cago. 111. P. 11*-13*, 33*, 34*.
Dorpat, Russia. See Turjev, Russia.
Draftsman. Cleveland, O. See Industrial magazine.
Drainage journal. Indianapolis, Ind. Exp. 10*, 11, 12*. 13*, 14*, 15*, 16*,

17*. 18*, 19*. 20, 21*, 22, 23*, 24*.
Druggist. See Meyer brothers druggist.

Druggist's circular and chemical gazette. New 'S'ork. N.D.47*-56*: P. 19+.
Dudley observatory. Albany, N. Y.

Annals. S. L, 1, 2.
Dumfriesshire and Galloway natural history and anticpiarian society. Dum-
fries, Scotland.

Transactions. N. D. 24+.
Eastern farmer dairj'man. Oxford, Pa. Exp. 14*, 15, 16, 17*.
Eclairage electritiue. Paris, France. P. 1-13, 42-53] .

Continued as Lumiere electrique q. v.
Eclectic medical journal. Cincinnati. O. S. L, 19, 20.

Eclectic medical journal of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, Pa. D. 9*, 12-18*.
Ecole polytechnicpie.

.Journal. I. V. I. 1-64; II. 1 + .
Economic fungi. Cambridge, Mass. Exp. 1 -.5.50.

270

Economic geology. Lancaster, Pa.; Urbana, 111. E]. 1 + : I. U. 1 + : N. D.

1 + : S. N. 1 + .

Continues American geologist q. v.

Edinburgh (Scotland). See Botanical society.
Edinburgh (Scotland) mathematical society.

Proceedings. I. U. 1 + .
Edinburgh (Scotland). Royal botanical garden.

Notes. Ac. 22-27, 33.
Edinburgh (Scotland). Royal observatory.

Annual report. S. L. '09 + .
Edinburgh (Scotland) veterinary review and annals of comparative pathology.

Kxi). 1-3: P. 1-6.
Egypt exploration fund. London, L'ngland.

Archaeological report. L U. '02-'09, '11, '12.
Report of meetings. L U. 18, 19, 26, 27, 30+.
Electric journal. Pittsburg, Pa. Ft. W. 3: Ci. 10+: X. D. 1 + : P. 1+: R. P.

2+.
Electric railway journal. New York. Ft. \V. 32, 33, 35+: C. 33+: P. 32+.

P'ormed by consolidation of the Electric railway review (q.r^ and the Street railway jourml
{q. V.) continuing the volume numbers of the latter.
Electric railway review. Chicago, 111. P. 17-19||.

Continues Street railway review (q. v.). Combined in lOllS with Street railway journal
{q. J).) and became Electric railway journal {q. r.).

Electric age. New York. :\I. 13, 17-20: P. 35-39.

Electrical engineer. London, England. R. P. 1-32*.

Electrical engineer. New York. N. D. 12, 18, 22, 24: P. 7-26: R. P. 7-27|!.

Continues Electrician and electrical engineer q. v. Combined in 1899 with the Electrical
world q. r.

Electrical review. London, England. R.P. 26+.

Electrical review. New York; Chicago, 111. C. 60+: M. 54 + : P. 2, 4-13,
15, 16*, 17, 18, 20*, 21*, 35*, 36+: R. P. 31 + .

After 52 called Electrical review and western electrician.

Electrical world. New York. D. 3-4, 19+: E. 16, 17: Ft. \V. 39, 42+: (J.
53+: I. U. 11+: M. monthly 18; weekly 49-55: N. D. '95+: P. 6+:
R. P. 24+: S. N. 23+: T. II. 51-55.

Combined in 1889 with Electrical engineer {q. v.) and volumes j3-4li were calle.l Electrical
world and engineer.

Electrician. London, England. I). 28-37: I. U. 52+: P. 21*, 22*. 23*: R. P.

47+.

271

Electrician and electrical engineer. New "N'oik. P. 1-6|[.
Continued as Electrical engineer q. r.

Electrician and mechanic. Boston, Mass. E. 25+: Ft. \V. 18+: (1. 26 + .
Electrochemical and metallurgical industry. New York. See Metallurgical

and chemical engineering.
Electrochemical industry. New York. See Metallurgical and chemical

engineering.
Elektrotechnische Zeitschrift. Berlin, (iermany. P. 26+: K. P. 6, 7, 12 + .
Elgin (111.) dairy report. Exp. 18*, 19+.
Elisha Mitchell scientific society of the university of North Carolina. Chapel

Hill, N. C.
Journal. Ac. 1-3, i\ 5+: N. D. 24+.
Eporium of arts and sciences. Philadeljihia. Pa. R. P. n. s. 1.
Engineer. Chicago. P. 39*, 40*, 41*, 43-45 | : R. P. 1-28, 41, 69, 70, 97+.

Merged with Power (q. r.) in 1908 und l)eeame Power and the engineer.

Engineer magazine. M. 40-45.

Engineer. See under Pennsylvania state college.

Engineering. London, England. Ft. W. 89+: N. D. 84+: P. 11 + : R. P.

3-42, 47 + .
Engineering and contracting. Chicago, 111. G. 29% .30*, 32*, 33*, 35+: P.

27*, 28+.
Engineering and mining journal. New York. N. D. 90+: I. U. 53+: P.

19-28, 34*, 41, 48*-54, 55, 58*-64*, 67+: R. P. 20-36, 49+.
Engineering association of the South. Nashville, Tenn.

Transactions. P. 10+.
Engineering digest. New York. Ft. W. 1, 3-5; : P. 1-5||.

Continued as Industrial engineering and engineering digest q. v. Vols. 1 and 2 have title
Technical literature.
Engineering index. New York. N. 1). 27+: P. 1-4.
Engineering index annual. New York. P. '06 + .

Engineering magazine. New York. F. 27-32: Ft. W. 11, 12, 33+: G. 36+:

I. U. 1 + : L. P. 25+: M. 7+: N. D. 4, 15-17, 19, 21, 23, 24, 27, 33-43:

N. H. 33-37: P. 1, 2*, 3+: R. P. 2+: S. L. 35+: S. N. 1 + : T. H. 2+.

Engineering mechanics. Philadelphia, Pa. N. D. '94, '96, '97: P. 5*, 6, 8-9,

10*-11*, 12-16, 17*, 19-21: R. P. 1-11.

Volumes 5-13 have the title Meclianics.

Engineering news. Chicago, 111.; New York. Ft. W. 62, 64+: G. 51 + : N. D.
35+: P. 7-10, 15+: R. P. 13+: S. L. 53-55, 57-60, 67+: T. H. 65+.

Volumes 10-18 have title Engineering news and American contract journal. Volumes 19-48
have title Engineering news and American railway journal.

272

Engineering record, huildiiifi; record and sanitary engineer. New ^'()rk. K.
51-60: Ft. W. 55+: G. 54+: N. D. 41+: P. 17+: R. P. 12+.

Continues Sanitary engineer g. v.

Engineering review. London, England. N. D. 21*.
Engineering world. Chicago, 111. P. 1*-5*||.

Merged with Engineering and contracting cj. v.
Engineers' society of western Pennsylvania. Pittsbnigli.

Proceedings. I. U. 22+.
England, national sheep-breeders' association. London.

Annual report. Exp. '04-'06.
English mechanic and world of science. London, England. K. P. 45-77.
Enseignement mathematique. Paris, France. I. U. 11+: P. 5+.
Entomologica Americana. Brooklyn, N. Y. S. L. 1-6: S. N. 1.
Entomological news. Philadelphia, Pa. D. 1 + : W. 9+.
Entomological society of America. Ithaca. X. Y.

Annals. P. 1 + : S. L. 1 + : W. 1 + .
Entomological society of Ontario. Ciuelpli: London. Out.

Reports. S. N. '78, '81-'89, '91-'99, '00-'09.
Entomologiska foreningen. Stockholm, Sweden.

Entomologisk Tidskrift. Ac. 13'-', 18-25, 26'-^ 28 + .
Entomologist. London, England. Exp. 25-28, 29*, 30, 31*, 32-37, 38*, 39^ .
Entomologist's monthly magazine. London, England. Exp. II. 2.
Ephemeris of materia medica, pharmacy, therapeutics and collateral infor-
mation. Brooklyn, N. Y. P. 1-3.
Ergebnisse der Anatomic und Entwickehingsgeschichte. Wiesbaden, (ier-

many. L U. 1 + .
Ergebnisse der Physiologic. \\'icsl)aden, (iermany. 1. L. 1+: P. 1-5; S. .\.

1 + .
Ernahrung d(>r Pilanze. Berlin, (iernuuiy. Exp. 8*, 9+.
Erythea. Berkeley, Cal. N. D. 1, 2.
Espariay americiuia. Madrid, Spam. N. D. 7*, 8+.
Essex institute. Salem, Mass.

Hulhdin. Ac. 19'-\ 20^-'-', 21-23, 24'-^' '-'-. 25, 26^-'-, 27'-'', 28, 29, 30--'-.

Heport. .\c. '99, '00.
Experiment station record. Sec under United States. I'.'xperinienl si at ion.

Otiice of.
Experimental studies in psychology ;iiiil pedagogy, lioston, .M.ass. S. N.
2-4.

273

Fancy fruits. North Yakima, Wash. Exp. 1*, 2*.

Farm and orchard. Keyser, W. Va. Exp. 1 + .

Farm and stock. St. Joseph, Mo. Exp. 7, 8, 9*, 10*, 11*.

Farm home. Springfield, 111. Exp. 35*, 36+.

Farm journal. Philadelphia, Pa. Exp. 33+.

Farm life. Chicago, 111. -Exp. 12*, 13+.

Farm poultry. Boston, A-Iass. P. 4-19.

Farm ])ress. See Better farming.

Farm progress. St. Louis, xMo. Exp. 8, 9*, 10+.

Farm sense. Des Moines, la. Exp. 1*, 2+.

Farm stock and home. Minneapolis, Minn. Exp. 25+.

Farm world. Augusta, Me.; Chicago, 111. Exp. 3, 4*, 5*, 6+.

Farmer and breeder. Sioux City, la. Exp. 34+.

Farmer's advocate and home magazine. London, Ont. Exp. 44*, 45*, 46*,

47*, 48+.
Farmer's cabinet. Philadelphia, Pa. S. i>. 1-37.
Farmer's digest. Columbia, Pa. Exp. 2*, 3, 4*, 5.
Farmers' guide. Huntington, Ind. Exp. 14*, 15*, 16*, 17*, 18*, 19*, 20, 21*,

22*, 23+: P. 18+.
Farmer's national congress of the United States.

Proceedings. P. 18, 20, 22+: S. L. '04-'10.
Farmers' review. Chicago, 111. E.xp. 39, 40*, 41*, 42+.
Farmers' tribune. Sioux City, la. Exp. 32*, 33.
Farming. New York. Exp. 1*, 2, 3*||: P. 1-3||.

Merged with Garden magazine q. r.

Feather. Washington, D. C. Exp. 14 + .

Federation of Jewish farmers of America. New York.

Report. P:xp. '09.
Field and farm. Denver, Colo. Exp. 24*, 25*, 26*, 27+.
Field and forest. Washington, D. C. Ac. 2-- \ S' ^-s
Field museum of natural history. Chicago, 111.
Annual exchange catalogue. Ac. '96 -'98.
Annual report. Ac. 1, 2^\ 3, 4>--: W. 1 + .
Publications; anthropological series. Ac. 2^' '-^ 3'' \ 4-6'. 7': N. D.

1 + : P. 1 + : W. 1 + .
Botanical series. Ac. 1'"* \ 2' '-', 3-: N. D. 1 + : P. 1+: W. 1 + .
Geological series. Ac. 1' ■-^ 2=-^ «-•", 3'-«, 4+: N. D. 1 + : P. 1 + :

W. 1 + .
18—1019

214

Ornithological series. Ac. 1' =■ '■: P. 1 + .

Report series. N. D. 1 + : P. 1 + : \V. 1 + .

Zoological series. Ac. V--»' >>-•■, 2=, 3'=-'^ 4'. '-, 5-7i-'\ S-IO'-^'^^. u.
X. D. 1 + : P. 1+: W. 1 + -
Fire and water engineering. New York. N. D. 29*, 30-33, 35-38, 39*, 40*.
Fireproof magazine. New York. P. 1*, 2*, 3*, 4*, 7*, S-Illj.
Flora. Dresden, Germany. N. D. '11, '12.
Flora oder allgemeine botanische Zeitung. Regensburg; Marburg, (icinuiny.

D. 74-80: I. U. 86+.
Flora of California. Exp. 1 + .
Flora of Wyoming.

Report. Exp. '96.
Florida. Agricultural experiment station. Gainesville, Lake City.

Annual report. Exp. '88+: P. '88-'91, '93, '95, '96, '98, '00-'03, '05+.

Bulletin. D. 17, 33, 70-74, 77, 78, 80: Exp. 1+: P. 1+: S. L. 1-G, 9, 10.
12-19, 21-26, 29, 31, 33.

Farmers' institute bulletin. D. 2.
Florida. Agriculture, State board of. Tallahassee.

Biennial report. Exp. '91-'96, '99-'02, '05-'08: P. '95, '96, '11, '12.

Quarterly bulletin. Exp. 11*, 12*, 13*, 14*, 15, 16, 17*, 18, 19*, 20, 23+:
P. 21, 22*, 23+.
Florida (state) horticultural society. Jacksonville.

Annual report. Exp. 5, 7.
Flour and feed. Milwaukee, Wis. Exp. 2, 3*, 4*, 5*, 6-9, 10*, 11*, 12 + .
Flour trade news, hay, grain and feed. New York. Exp. 4*, 5, 6*, 7-10.
Flying and aero club of America.

Bulletin. G. 1 + .
Folia hacmatologica. Berlin, Germany. I. U. 3+.
Folia lU'uro-biologica. Leipzig, Germany. I. U. 1 + .
Folia sciologica. Leipzig, Germany. L U. 1 + .
Forest, fish and game. See Georgia forest association.
Forest and stream. New York. X. H. 1-17.
Forester. Washington, D. C. P. 4-7||.

Continued as Forestry and irriKUtion (/. i.

Forestry and irrigation. Washington, D. C. K.xp. 8*, 9, 10*, 11, 12, 13*.
14*i|: P. 8-13.

Continued as Conservation q. i\
Forest quarterly. Ithaca, N. Y. P. 9+: W. 3+.

275

Forschungen auf dem Gebiete dor Afrrikultiirphysik. Heidelberg, Germany.

Exp. 13.
Fortschrift der Physik. Berlin, Cieniuuiy. P. 4+.
Fort Wayne (Ind.) medical journal. P. 2, 22, 27, 28*.
Foundry. Cleveland, O. Ft. W. 41+: G. 34+: P. 26+.
France. Agricultm-e et du commerce, Ministere de 1'.

Bulletin. S. L. '40-'45.
France. Agriculture, jMinistere de 1'. Paris.

Bulletin. Exp. '88*, '89, '90, '91*, '92*, '93*, '94*, '95*, '96, '97*, '98*,
'99*, '00.
Franklin institute of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia.

.Journal. N. H. 18*, 27-32: P. 1 + : R. P. 5-47, 49-51, 86-97, 115+: S. L.
1-82, 119-128, 130+.
Fruit belt. Grand Rapids, Mich. Exp. 7*.
Fruit grower. St. Joseph, Mo. Ex-p. 15*, 16*, 17-19, 20*, 21 + .
Fruitman and gardener. Mt. Vernon, la. E.xp. 10*, 11*, 12*, 13+.
Fiihlings landwirtschaftliche Zeitung. Stuttgart, Germany. Exp. 60+.
Furrow. Moline, 111. Exp. 14*, 16+.
Garden and forest. New York. P. 1-10||.
Garden magazine. Garden City, N. Y.; New York. Exp. 1*, 2, 5*, 6*, 7*,

8-12, 13*, 14*, 15+: P. 1 + .
Gardeners' chronicle. London, England. Exp. '41-'73; n. s. 1-26; III. 1 + .

First series has no volume numbers.

Gardener's monthly. Philadelphia, Pa. Exp. 17-20, 22, 23.

Garten flora; Zeitschrift fiir Garten- imd Blumenkunde. Berlin, Germany.

Exp. 37.
Gas engine. Cincinnati, O. P. 1 + : R. P. 4* + .
Gas power. St. Joseph, Mich. G. 8+: P. 1-6.

General electric review. Schenectady, N. Y. G. 15+: P. 10+: R. P. 14+.
Genie civil. Paris, France. P. 46+.
Geographical teacher. London, England. S. N. 1 + .
Geographical journal. See Royal geographical society.
Geographical society of America. See American geographical society.
Geographical society of Philadelphia, Pa.

Bulletin. S. N. 2+.
Geographische Zeitschrift. Leipzig, Germany. I. U. 5+.
Geological magazine. London, England. I. U. n. s. dec. 3, 4; dec. 4, 1-3,

5-11; dec. o, 1 + .

276

Geological society of iVmerica. Rochester, N. Y.; New York.

Bulletin. E. 13+: I. U. 1 + : N. H. 20: S. N. 1 + .
Geological society of London (England). I. U. 29, 30, 37, 39, 60 + .
Geologisches Centralblatt. Leipzig, Gernaany. L U. 1 + .
Georgia. Agricultural experiment station. Exjieriment.

Annual report. Exp. 1+: P. 1 + .

Bulletin. D. 68-72: Exp. 1 + : P. 1 + : S. L. 45, 50, 61, 63-65. 67, 69, 70-73.
Georgia. Agriculture, State board of. Atlanta.

Aniuuil report of the commissioner. Exp. '76, '81, '82, '84: P. '83, '84.

Publications. Exp. 6-9, 12-14: P. 9, 11, 12, 18, 22, 24.

Quarterly bulletin. Exp. 42-46: P. 42-44, 52, 53.
Georgia dairy and live stock association.

Annual report. Exp. '02, '03, '05, '08, '09.
Georgia. Entomology, State board of. Atlanta.

Bulletin. D. 1: Exp. 1, 3, 5-19, 31-33, 38+ : P. 1. 13. 17, 20. 21, 23, 24.
26, 27, 29-36. S. L. 12-32*.
Georgia forest association.

Forest, fish and game. P. 2, 3.

Formerly Southern woodlands.

Georgia geological survey.

Bulletin. L U. 1-19, 23, 26+: P. 24, 25: K. P. 1.

Report. P. '93.
Georgia (state) horticultural society. Cairo.

Proceedings. Exp. '98, '02, '08-'10.
Georgia (state) veterinarian.

Annual report. P. 1.
Giornale di matematiche di Battaglini. Naples, Italy. I. X^. 47.
Glasgow (Scotland) mechanics' magazine and annals of philosophy. N. H.

1-4.
Glasgow (Scotland) naturalist. Ac. 1 + : N. D. IIL 1 + .
Glasgow (Scotland) philosophical society.

Proceedings. R. P. 19, 20.
Gleanings in bee culture. Medina, (). l<:xp. 39*, 40*; P. 36+.
Goldthwaite's geograjjhical magazine. New York. S. \. 1-6.
Good health. London, England. L U. 30-46.

Good housekeeping. Springfield, Mass. P. 27, 34, 35, 38-42, 44-48, 52, .53,
55+.

277

Good roads magazine. New York. Exp. o. s. 2*, 3*, 4; n. s. 4*: P. n. s. 8+.

Called Good road; 1802-1895, then merged in League of Americin whee'men bulletin con-
stituting the old series. In 1902 began a new series under the name Good roads maga-
z.ne which became simply Good roads again in 1909.

Gordon memorial college. Khartoum, Africa. See Wellcome research labora-
tories.
Grain dealers' journal. Chicago, 111. Exp. 16*, 17*, 18*, 19*.
Graphic arts. Boston, Mass. Ft. W. 3+.
Great American architectural record. M. 1-6.
Great Britain. Agriculture and fisheries. Board of. Intelligence division

Annual report. S. L. '08+.
Great Britain. Government laboratory.

Report of principal chemist. S. L. '09, '11, '12.
Great Britain. Meteorological office.

Report. S. L. '09-'12.
Greenough's American polytechnic journal is volume 4 of American polytech-
nic journal q. v.
Green's fruit grower and home companion. Rochester, N. Y. Exp. 25*, 27*,

28, 29*, 30+.
Greenwich (England). Royal observatory.

Report. S. L. '09-'12.
Grevillea. London, England. E.xp. 1-14.
Guam agricultural experiment station. Island of Guam.

Annual report. Exp. '10+.
Guide to nature. B. 1 + : F. 3+: (i. 4*, 5+: X. D. 1, 2, 3*, 4*, 6.
Gulf biological station. Cameron. La.

Bulletin. P. 3, 4, 6, 7, 9-11, 13+.
Half-yearly abstract of medical sciences. Philadelphia, Pa. D. 56-58: N.

D. 48-55: X. H. 1-7, 9, 10-17, 54-58.
Hamburg (Germany) mathematische Gesellschaft.

Mittheilungen. I. IT. 5+.
Hamilton (Ontario) scientific association.

Journal and proceedings. Ac. 1', 14-19, 21 + .
Hampton (Va.) normal and industrial institute.

Hampton leaflets. N. D. n. s. l*-4*, 5-7.

Report. Exp. '91.
Handbuch der Biochemie des Menschen und der Thiere. Jena, Gerrrany.

Exp. 1-4.
Handbuch der organischer Chemie. Hamburg. Germany. Exp. 3*.

278

Hardwicke's science gossip. London, England. I. V. 14, 15: N. H. 16.

Harvard engineering journal. Cambridge, Mass. P. 2-3, 4*, 5+.
Harvard university. Astronomical observatory. Can.bridge, Mass.

Annals. I. U. 6-34.

Circulars. I. U. 1, 2,
Harvard university. Arnold arboretum. Ac. 21, 23-25, 27+.
Harvard university. Jefferson physical laboratory.

Contributions. E. 1+: I. U. 1-5, 7: P. 1-4, 6+: R. P. 1 + : W. 3+.
Harvard university. Museum of comparative zoology.

Memoirs. S. N. 28*.
Harvard university. Peabody museum of American archaeology and eth-
nology.

Annual report. Ac. '89, '90.

Memoirs. Ac. l'-^: I. V. 1-2, 4 + .

Papers. Ac. l'"*: I. U. 1-2, 4-5.
Harvester world. Chicago, 111. Exp. 2*, 3*, 4 + .
Harvey society. New York.

Lectures. P. '05+.
Hausfreund und deutscher amerikanischer Farmer. Lincoln, Neb. Exp.

14*, 16+.
Havana (Cuba). See Academia de ciencias medicas fisicas y naturales.
Havana (Cuba) university.

Revista de la facultad de letras y ciencias. P. 3+: S. N. 3+.
Hawaii. Agricultural experiment station. Honolulu.

Annual report. Exp. '01+: I;. P. '06+: X. D. '08+: P. '01 + : R. P. '06,
'07: S. L. '06, '07, '09-'ll.

Bulletin. Exp. 1 + : L. P. 1, 8, 11-13, 15-18, 21-24, 26+: N. D. 1G+; bot.
ser. 1 + : P. 1 + : R. P. 1-17: S. L. 1-17, 21, 23-26, 28: S. N. '02+.
Hawaii. Commissioners of agriculture and forestry.

Report. P. 3+.
Hawaiian forester and agriculturist. Honolulu, l^xp.5.
Hawaii experiment station of the sugar planters' association. Honolulu.

Annual report. Exp. '99-'05: N. I). '08+.
Hawaii sugar planters' station. Honolulu.

Annual report. Exp. '05+.

Bulletin, agriculture and cli(>nii,s(ry scries. K\p. l-ll, 13+.
Agriculture and forestry series. Exj). 1 + .
Entomological series. Exj). 1*, 6-12.
i'athology and physiology series. Exp. 1 + .

27')

Health. New York. S. X. 54 + .

Heating and ventilating magazine. New York. P. 5+.

Hedwigia, cin Notizblatt fi'ir kryptoganiische .Studien. Dresden, (ierniany.
Exp. 1-23.

Continued as.
Hedwigia. Organ fur Kryptoganienkunde. Dresden, Germany. Exp. 24-44,

51 + .
Hirnanatomische Institute in Ziiriclv (Switzerland). I. U. 1 + .

Annales. I. U. 1 + .

Arbeiten. I. U. 1 + .
Historical and scientific society of Manitoba. Winnipeg.

Reports. Ac. '97-'06.

Transactions. Ac. 51-72.
Hoard's dairyman. Ft. Atkinson, Wis. Exp. 29*, 30*, 33*, 34*, 35*, 36,

37, 38*, 39-41, 42*, 43 + .
Holstein-friesian association of America.

Annual report. Exp. '85-'87, '89, '90.
Holstein-friesian world. Ithaca, N. Y.

Annual report. Exp. 1-4, 5*.
Home and farm. Louisville, Ky. Exp. 35*, 36*, 37*, 38+.
Horse review. Chicago, 111. Exp. 43 + .
Horticultural society of London.

Transactions. N. D. 1-4.
Horticulturist and journal of rural art and rural taste. Rochester, N. Y.;
Philadelphia, Pa.; New York. Exp. 15, 16: N. H. 8-10, 12-15, 19-23.
Hospodarske listy. Chicago, 111. Exp. 13*, 14 + .
House and garden. Philadelphia, Pa. Ci. 17 + .
House I)eautiful. Chicago, 111. G. 26+: P. 11 + .
Housekeeping experiment station. Darien, Conn.

Bulletin. P. 1, 3, 5-11.
Hygienisches Centralblatt. Leipzig, Germany. I. U. 1 + .
Ice and refrigeration. Chicago, 111. P. 40+.
Idaho. Agricultural experiment station. Moscow.

Annual report. D. '04: Exp. '94, '95, '98+: P. '94, '01 + .

Bulletin. D. 46, 47: Exp. 1 + : P. 1-4, 6, 7, 9+.
Idaho (state) engineer. Boise.

Biennial report. Exp. '99, '00.
Idaho (state) farmers' institutes. Moscow.

Biennial report. Exp. '01, '02.

280

Idaho. Mines, State inspector of. Boise.

Annual report. N. D. 8+.
Ideal power. Chicago, 111. P. 2, 3, 4*, 5.
Illinois. Agricultural experiment station. Urbana.

Annual report. Exp. 1 + .

Bulletin. D. 98, 100, 101, 119, 120, 123-147, 149-162: Exp. l-f: P. 1-^:
S. L. 88+*.

Soil report. D. 1+: Exp. 1 + : P. 1 + .
Illinois (state) agricultural society.

Transactions. D. 6, 7: S. L. '53, '54, '59, '60, '65-'83.
Illinois. Agriculture, Department of. Springfcld.

Transactions. D. o. s. 10, 12-19: Exp. 4, 6-20, 22, 23: P. 4, 6-14, 24, 25,
27, 30, 37+.
Illinois (state) bee keeper's association.

Report. Ex-p. 1 + .
Illinois (state) dairymen's association.

Annual report. Exp. 14-16.
Illinois, Economical geology of. Springfield. D. 1-3.

Reprints from the reports of the Illinois (state) geological survey (q. v.) with additions and
emendations.
Illinois (state) entomologist. Urbana.

Report on noxious and beneficial insects. S. N. '05, '08, '09.

Report. Exp. 23-27.
Illinois farmer and farmer's call. Quincy. Exp. 55*, 56, 57*, 58*, 59, 60*,

61 + .
Illinois. Farmers' institute. Springfield.

Annual report. Exp. 3, 11, 13: P. 1 + .

Bulletin. P. 5, 9, 15+.

Yearbook. Department of household science. P. '09-' 11.
Illinois (state) food commission. Springfield.

Annual report. Exp. 1, 9: P. '00, '01.
Illinois (state) geological survey. Urbana.

Bulletin. L T^. 1+: P. 3+.

Report. E. 1-8.

See also Illinois, li^conoinical geology of.
Illinois. Health, State board of.
Annual i-enort. V. '80-'94.

281

Illinois. Highway commission.

Annual report. P. 1.

Bulletin. P. 2.
Illinois (state) horticultural society. Kinn undy.

Transactions. D. n. s. 2-28, 30, 31 : Kxp. n. s. 3-21, 24, 25, 29-32, 34, 45+:
P. n. s. 10, 12-38, 40+.
Illinois. Horticultural society, Northern. Chicago.

Transactions. D. 1.
Illinois. Live stock commissioners, Board of.

Annual report. Exj). '90, '92-'97, '09: P. 25, 26.

Bulletin. Exp. 1-3: P. 1.
Illinois live stock breeders' association.

Report. Exp. '98.
Illinois (state) mining board.

Annual coal report. X. D. 31 + .
Illinois. Natural history, State laboratory of. Urbana.

Bulletin. Ac. 1'' -• «, 2'' ^- '• '■ s, 5=-'=, 6', 7'-'», 8'-', 9'-": D. 1, 3, 6: Exp.
2*, 5*: I. U. 6-8: N. D. 7+: P. 3, 7: S. N. 1-7.
Illinois. Natural history. State n us um of. Spriiigf.cld.

Bulletin. I. U. 3-1211 : ''^- N. 3-12;|.
Illinois. Railroad and warehouse commission.

Report. N. D. 42+.
Illinois society of engineers and surveyors.

Annual report. P. 1-7, 9+: R. P. 11-17.
Illinois (state) survey.

Bulletin. N. D. 13, 16.
Illinois imiversity. Biological experiment station. Urbana.

Biennial report. Exp. '95, '96.
Illinois university. Ceramics, School of.

Bulletin. P. 1-2, 6 + .
Illinois university. Engineering experiment station.

Bulletin. G. 6+: P. 1+: R. P. 1 + .
Illinois university. Household science, Department of.

Publications. P. 1 + .
Illinois university. Urbana.

Studies. P. 1 + *.
Illinois university. Urbana.

Technograph. P. 6-8, 10+.

282

Illinois (state) water survey. Urbana.
Bulletin. I. U. 3-4, 6, 8: P. 1 + .

Nos. 1 and 2 i&sued by Illinois university.
Illuminating engineer. New York. P. 1 + .
Illuminating engineering society. Easton, Pa.

Transactions. P. 1*, 2*, 3*, 4+.
Illustrierte flora. Vienna, Austria. N. D. 37 + .
Impeiatorskaja akademiya nauk. St. Petersburg. .See Academic imperiale

des sciences.
Imperfal journal of art, science, etc. Manchester, England. F. 1-4.
Index medicus. New York; Washington, D. C. I. U. 3+: AF. 2-6.
Ind a. Agricultural experiment station. Aligarh.

Report. Exp. '02-'12.
India. Agricultural experiment station. Atarra.

Report. Exp. '12.
Ind a. Agricultural experiment station. Partabgarh.

Report. Exp. '10-'12.
India. Agricultural experiment station. Caunpore.

Report. Exp. '10-12.
India. Agricultural experiment station. Orai.

Report. Exp. '10, '11.
India. Agricultural research institute. Pusa.

Bulletin. Exp. 18, 28-31: P. 4, 13, 15, 16, 19, 20, 23, 25-26.

Report. P. '09-'ll.
India. Agriculture, Department of.

Annual report. P. '04-'10.

Memoirs. Bacteriological series. Exp. 1.

Botanical scries. Exp. 2*, 3*, 4*, 5+: P. 1, 2.
Chemical series. Exp. 1*, 2*+: P. 1*, 2*, 3*.
Entomological scries. Exj). 2*, 3-}-: P. 1, 2*.
India. Inspector-general of forests.

K(>view of forest admiuisi ration. P. '07-'10.
Indian school journal. Chilocco, Okla. Exp. 10, 12*, 13-|-.
Indian engineering. Calcutta, India. N. D. 1-14, 16-30, 31*.
Indiana academy of science. Indianapolis.

Proceedings. I). '91-'93, '95.'01, '03-f: Ex]). '91 -Ml: P. '98-'04, '08-(-:
(',. '04, '05, '08-F: I. V. 7+: L. P. '98-^: \. D. '10+: N. H. 15+: P.
7+: H. P. '91 + : S. \. 7-9, 14+: '!'. II. '97. '98. 'OO-'on. '05+: W. 7 + .

283

Indiana. Agricultural experinient station. Lafayette.
Annual report. D. 3, 4, 9, 11-20: Exp. 1 + : P. 1 + .

Bulletin. D. 13-15, 18, 20, 21, 41, 46, 56, 66, 68, 69, 72-74, 77, 78, 80-95,
97-109, 111-122, 126, 143-145: Exp. 1 + : N. D. 59, 60, 159, 160, 162+:
P. 1+.
Indiana (state) agricultural society.

Transactions. N. D. 7, 8, 10.
Indiana. Agriculture, Department of.

Aimual report*. D. 1-14, 18, 21-23, 25-29, 31, 35, 37-48: Exp. 1-45, 47,
48: X. D. 40, 41, 47: P. 1-3, 6, 9, 11-15, 17+: R. P. 4, 5, 7, 8, 14, 21-24.
37-40, 42-48: S. N. 10, 13, 15-19, 21-26, 28+.
*The numbers given are volume numbers and not report numbers.
Indiana (state) breeders' live stock association.

Report. Exp. 4-8: P. 4+.
Indiana. Charities, Board of state. Indianajjolis.
Annual report. D. 1-8, 10, 12+: Exp. 18-22.

Bulletin. D. 32-34, 36-45, 47-59, 61 + : Exp. 72-74, 76, 77, 79, 82.
Indiana corn growers' association. Lafayette.

Annual report. Ex-p. '08+.
Indiana (state) dairy association.

Annual report. D. 20+: Ex]). 1-13, 15+: X. D. 22: P. 7-12, 14+.
Indiana engineering society. Indianapolis.

Proceedings. I. U. 8-10, 12: P. 7+: R. P. •93-'96. '08, '09.
Indiana (state) entomologist.

Amiual report. D. 1 + : Exp. 1+: X. D. 1 + : X. H. 1 + : P. 1 + : S. X. 2+.
Report. Exp. '03, '04: P. 'CO, '02, '03.
Indiana farmer. Indianapolis. Exp. 18*, 19*, 20*, 21*, 22*, 23*, 24*, 25*,
26*, 27, 28, 29*, 30*, 31, 32*, 33*, 54*, 55*, 56*, 57*, 58*, 59*, 60, 61*,
62*, 63*, 64*, 65*, 66+: P. 59+.
Indiana farmer and gardener. Indianapolis. Exp. 1.
Indiana. Farmers' institutes. Lafajette.

Report. Exp. '93, '94, '96, '98, 'OO-'IO: P. '93, '96, '98, '00, '02, '04-'10:
S. X. '82+.
Indiana. Fisheries and game. Commissioner of. Indianapolis.

Biennial report. D. '99+: Exp. '97, '98, '01-'08: X. D. '08: X. H. '92,
'99, '00, '09-'10: R. P. '99-'04: S. X. '00 + .
Indiana forestry association.
Report. Exp. 3, 5, 7.

284

Indiana. Forestry, State Board of.

Annual report. D. 3, 5+: E. 3, 5-9, 11: F. 3, 6+: G. 1-3, 5+: I. U. 3+
L. P. 2+: N. D. 6, 8, 11: N. H. 1 + : P. 3+: R. P. 3, 5: S. N. 3, 5+
T. H. 4+.
Indiana. Geological survey.

Report. D. 2-4, 7-10i|:Exp. 1.10||:N. D. 7-10||: N. H. l-10[i:P. 1-7, 8-10||

R.P.1-10||:
Report of geological reconnoissance. D. '62: N. H. '39, '62: P. '62.
Indiana. Geology and natural history, Department cf.
Bulletin. N. H. 1.

Report. D. 11-16|1: Exp. ll-16l|: N. D. 11-16||: N. H. 11.16||: P. 11, 12
14-16|i: R. P. 11-1611.

Continued as

Indiana. Geology and natural resources, Department of.

.Annual report. D. 17+: Exp. 17+: E. 1-33, 36+: N. D. 1, 2, 11, 13-18
21-23,25-27,29+: N. H. 17+: P. 17+: R. P. 17 + .
Indiana geographical congress.

Reports. S. N. 3, 6.
Indiana. Health, State Board of.

Annual report. D. 17-20, 22+: Exp. '83-'85, 18, 20, 23, 25-29: I. U. 5+
N. D. 5+: N. H. 10-12, 17+: P. 1, 2, 4-13, 15-20, 22+: R. P. 17-20
22, 23: S. N. 17-20, 22+.
Monthly bulletin. Exp. 1, 2*, 3*, 4+: N. D. 7*-15*, 29+: P. 1+: S. N

1 + .

Quarterly bulletin. Exp. 2*, 3.
Indiana (state) horticultural society.

Bulletin. P. 1 + .

Transactions. D. 5, 9, 11, 14-16, 18-24, 26, 27, 29-38, 40+: E. 5, 6, S, 9
Exp. 5-26, 28-45, 47, 49, 50: F. 10, 11, 16, 19-23, 25-27, 29-32, 40+
G. 47, 49+: L U. 10, 11, 13, 19, 21-23, 29, 40+: L. P. 7, 9, 10, 40+
N. D. 46, 51: N. II. 5, 9, 11, 13, 40-49: P. 6, 9, 11, 15, 16, 20, 22+: R
P. '00-'O5: S. N. 30, 40-49: '!'. H. 19-21, 50+: W. 6 + .
Indiana medical association.

Journal. Exp. 3*, 4*: I. V. 1 + : \,. V. '76-'82. '98-'07: P. 1 t : 1". H. 3, 8
10-15, 17, 18+.

Transactions. E. '78, '80, '81, '85, '86: E.xp. 24-27, 31. 33-36, 38-41, 48
51-53, 55-58: M. 1-2, 4+: N. H. 28-36, 38-50.
Indiana medical journal. Indianapolis. D. 11-13: 1. P. 17-27: M. 1 + : P
11-13, 23-25*. 27: W . 12-27.

285

Indiana. Medical registration and ('.\aniiiiati(jn. State Board of.

Annual report. Exp. 2, 7, 9-14: F. 2-14: X. D. 14: N. H. 1+: S. N. 1 + .
Indiana medical society.

Transactions. P. 29, 30, 42, 44-46.
Indiana pharmaceutical association. Indianapolis.

Proceedings. X. D. 27: P. '96, '99.
Indiana. Pharmacy, Board of.

Annual report. F. 9, 11: X. H. 1, 9, 11: S. X. '07. '09.
Indiana. Railroad comn.ission.

Annual report. P. 1 + .
Indiana state grange. Patrons of husbandry.

Proceedings. P. 28-30.
Indiana. Statistics and geology, Bureau of.

Annual report. D. 1, 2||: Exp. 1, 2||: X. H. 1, 2||.

Continued by Getalogy and natural history, Department of q. v.; and by Statistics, Bureau
of. q. r.

Indiana. Statistics, Bureau of. Indianapolis.

Annual report. D. 3, 4: Exp. 3-6||.

Continued from Indiana. Statistics and geology. Bureau of, q. r.: Continued as

Biennial report. D. 2-5, 7+: Exp. 1 + .
Indiana Tippecanoe farmer. Lafayette. Exp. 1.
Indiana university. Bloomington.

Studies. I. r. 1+: L. P. 8*, 10*: X. D. 10*+: P. 1 + .
Indiana university. Zoological laboratory.

Contributions. D. 1-58, 60-75, 77-97, 99-114: X. D. 60-114.
Indiana (state) veterinarian. Indianai^olis.

Annual report. Exp. '02, '06, '08, '09: P. '02, '06, '08, '09.
Indiana wool growers' association.

Annual report. Exp. '01.
Indianapolis (Ind.) medical journal. I. U. 7+: M. 12, 14+: P. 12+: W . 12 + .
Industrial arts index. Minneapolis, Minn.; White Plains, X^. Y. G. 1 + .
Industrial engineering and engineering digest. New York. E. 3, 4: Ft. W.
6+: G. 5+: P. 6+: R. P. 3+.

Continues Engineering digest q. r:

Industrial magazine. Cleveland, '). P. 1 + .

\'ols. 1-4 have title Draftsman; and vol. 5 has title Browning's i dustrial magazine.

Industries. Manchester, England. R. P. 1-15.

Inland architect and news record. Chicago, 111. X. D. 44*, 45*, 48*, 49,
.50*: R. P. 30-52.

Continued as American architect q. v.

286

Inland printer. Chicago, 111. Ft. \V. 49 + .

Insect life. Washington, D. C. See under United States. Entomology,

Bureau of.
Institut catholique. Paris, France.

Ensignment superiur libre. N. D. '81.
Institut de France. See Academic des sciences.
Institut international de bibliographic. Brussels.

Bibliographia physiologica. Ac. l'~S 2'' -.
Institut Pasteur. Paris, France.

Annales. L U. 20+: S. L. 24 + .

Bulletin. I. U. 3+.
Institution of civil engineers. London, England.

Proceedings. P. 1 + : R. P. 87+.

Institution of electrical engineers. London, England.

Journal. P. 18+.

Continue: from Journal 17, of the So nety of Te'e?r iph engine r, q. v.

Institution of mechanical engineers. Birnangham; London, England.

Proceedings. P. 1 + .
Intermediaire des mathematiciens. Paris, France. L U. 18+: P. 15+.
International apple shippers' association.

Yearbook. Exp. '08-'10.
International association for testing materials.

Report. P. 5.

American section. See American society for testing materials.
International catalogue of scientific literature. London, England.

R. P. sees. A, B, C, D, F. 1 + .
International commission on zoological nomenclature.

Opinions. S. L. 1 + .
International congress of applied chemistry. New York.

lieport. Exp. '12.
International geographic congress.

i^'I)ort. P. 8: S. N. fi.
International independent telephone association.

Proceedings. i>. 10, 11.
International institute of agricultui-e, economic and social inti iiigence. Rome,
Italy,

Bulletin, Exp, '11*. '12+:

287

International institute of agriculture, agricultvu-al intelligence in plant diseases.
Rome, Italy.

Monthly bulletin. Exp. 2*, 3+.
International journal of microsco])y and mttu-al science. London, England.

D. 2.
International journal of surgery and antiseptics. New York. D. 1*.

Continued as
International journal of surgery. New York. D. 2*, 3, 4*.
International railway congress. Brussels, Belgium.

Bulletin. P. 19 + .
International studio. New York. P. 12*, 13, 14*, 15+.

Internationale Alonatsschrift fiir Anatomic mid Physiologic. Leipzig, Ger-
many. I. U. 1 + .
Internationale Wochenschrift fiir Wissenschaft, Kunst, und Technik. Berlin,

Germany. L U. 1 + .
Internationaler Kongres katholischen Gelehrten zu Mtinchen, Germany.

Akten. N. D. '01.
Internationales Archiv fiir Schulhygiene. Leipzig, Germany. I U. 1 + .
Interstate association of live stock sanitary boards.

Proceedings. Exp. 4, 5.
Ion. London, England. W. 1.
Iowa academy of sciences. Des Moines.

Proceedings. Ac. 11, 12, 14-18: I. U. 1, 2, 18+: N. D. 2, 5, 7, 9, 10, 12-15,
17+: S. L. V, 3-5, 7, 9, 10.
Iowa. Agricultural experiment station. Ames.

Annual report. Exp. 1, 3: P. 1*, 2*, 3*, 4 + .

Bulletins. Exp. 1+: N. D. 107-112, 114-122, 124-127, 129-141, 143+ :
P. 1 + .

Research bulletins. E.xp. 1 + : N. D. 1-8, 11 + : P. 1 + .
Iowa (state) agricultural society.

Report. S. L. '61, '62, '65, '67, '72-'74, '76-'82, '84-'89, '95, '96, '98, '99.
Iowa. Agriculture, Department of. Des Moines.

Y'earbook. Exp. '04-'ll: P. '05+.
Iowa (state) college of agriculture and mechanic arts. Ames.

Bulletin. Exp. 4, 8.

Extension department bulletin. P. 1-5, 7-12, 14+.
Iowa (state) dairy association.

Report. Exp. '91 -'96.

288

Iowa (state) drainage association.

Proceedings. Exp. 1-2, 4-7.
Iowa (state). Drainage, waterways and conservation commission.

Report. P. 1 + .
Iowa engineer. Ames. P. 1 + .
Iowa. Engineering experiment station.

Bulletin. Exp. 3*, 4*: P. 4+.
Iowa engineering society.

Proceedings. P. 1.
Iowa. Geological survey.

Annual report. E. 6, 7, 9-20: I. U. '.55-'57, '66-'69, '92+: N. H. '55-'57,
'6G-'69.

Bulletin. Exp. 1 : P. 1.

Report survey of '55-'59. E. 1*.
Iowa (state) geologist. Des Moines.

Report. N. H. 1, 2.
Iowa. Health, State board of. Des Moines.

Biennial report. P. '80-'97, '99-'03, '08-'10.
Iowa (state) highway commission. Ames.

Report. Exp. 2, 3.
Iowa homestead. Des Moines. E.xj). 54*, 55*.
Iowa (state) horticultural society. Des Moines.

Transactions. D. 16: Ex-p. 14-19, 25, 27-46: P. 44: S. L. '72-'07*.
Iowa naturalist. Iowa City. Ac. 1: N. D. 1 + .
Iowa ])ark and forestry association. Des Moines.

Proceedings. Exp. '03, '05.
Iowa (state) university. Iowa City. Engineering society.

Transit. P. 1-3, 5-13, 15.
Iowa (state) university. Iowa City. Natural history, Laboratories of.

Bulletin. N. D. 5+: N. IT 4, 5: P. 2-4.
Iowa (state) university. Inwa City. Physical lalxu atory.

Contributions. P. 1*.
Iowa (state) university. Iowa City. I'syciiulogy, Dcpartn.cnt of.

Studies. I. V. 1-3: P. 1, 2.
Ireland. Agricultural tcclniical iiisti-uction, repai-tiiciit of. rubliii.

Bulletin. ICxp. 1, 4.

Leaflets. Exp. 1, 4-7, 9-11, 13-37.
Iron age. New York. V\ . W . 69. 70, 72*, 73*, 75, 76. 78-85, 87+: C. 83+:
M, 61, 62, 71 + : .\ . D. 52-.->6: P. 67*-71*, 81+.

289

Iron and steel institute. London, England.

Carnegie scholarship memoirs. P. 1 + .

Jom-nal. G. '76+: P. 75+.
Iron and steel magazine. Boston, Mass. P. 1-11||.

Vols. 1-6 have title Metallographist. Combined in lfl06 with Electro-chemical and metal-
lurgical industry q.v.

Iron trade review. Cleveland, O. G. 45+: P. 39-46.

Irrigation age. Chicago, 111. Exp. 24, 25, 26*, 27+.

Jahresbericht iiber das Gebiet der Pflanzenkrankheiten. Berlin, Germany.

Exp. 11.
Jahrbuch der Chemie (Meyer). Brunswick. P. 1+: R. P. 3+.
Jahrbuch iiber die Fortschritte der Mathematik. Berlin, Germany. I. U.

1 + :P. 1 + .
Jahrbiicher fiir wissenschaftliche Botanik. Berlin; Leipzig, Germany. I. U.

7-46,48+.
Jahresbericht iiber die Fortschritte der Chemie imd INIineralogie. Tubingen,

Germany. P. '22-'74.
Jahresbericht iiber die Fortschritte der reinen pharmaceutischen und tech-
nischen Chemie, Physik, Mineralogie, und Geologic. Giessen, Ger-
many. I. U. 1 + .
Jahresbericht iiber die Fortschritte in der Lehre von den pathogen Mikro-

organismen. Leipzig; Bnmswick, Germany. I. U. 1 + .
Jahresbericht iiber die Leitsungen und Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Neu-
rologic und Psychiatric. Berlin, Germany. I. U. 1 + .
Jahresberichte der deutschen Mathematiker Vereinigimg. Leipzig, Germany.

I. r. 1-9, 11-14, 15+.
Jahresberichte iiber die Fortschritt der Anatomic und Physiologic. Leipzig,

Germany. I. I^^. 1-8.
Jamaica (W. I.). Agriculture, Department of . Kingston.
Bulletin. E.xp. 1-5, 6*.
Report. Exp. '00, '02-'07.
Jamaica (W. I.). Botanical department.

Bulletin. Exp. 2*, 3, 9*.
Japan. Agricultural experiment station. Hokkaido.
Bulletin. Exjd. 1-11.
Report. Ex-p. 2-4.
Japan college of agriculture. Tokyo.
Bulletin. Exp. 5, 7, 8*. P. 7.
19—1019

290

Japar. See Seisirological society of Japan.

Jardin iniperiale botunique. St. Petersburg, Russia.

Bulletin. X. D. 12+.
Jersey bulletin and dairy world. Indianapolis, Ind. Exp. 25*, 26*,. 27*, 28*.

29*, 30*, 31 + : P. 24+.
Jewish agricultural and industrial aid society. New York.

Annual report. Exp. 9, 11: P. '09+.
Johns Hopkins hospital. Baltimore, Md.

Bulletin. Exj). 22+: L U. 1 + : M. 18-20, 22: P. 17 + .
Report. I. U. 1 + .
Johns Hopkins university. Baltimore, Md.

Circulars. Ac. 4-21*: D. 1-11: L U. 25+: P. 16+.
Josselyn botanical society of ^Nlaine. Portland.

Bulletin. N. D. 2.
Journal de I'anatomie et de la physiologic normales et pathologiques. Paris,

France. I. U. 40+.
Journal de I'ecole polytechnicjue. See Ecole polytechniciue.
Journal de mathematique. Paris, France. I. U. 1-20; II. 1-19; III. 1-10;

IV. 1-10; V. 1-10; VI. 1 + .
Journal de micrographie. Paris, France. R. P. 1.

Journal de physiologic et de pathologic generals. Paris, France. I. U. 1 + .
Journal de physique. Paris, France. I. U. III. 6-10; IV. 1-8; V. 1 + : P.

IV. 4 + : W. IV. 2,4,5.
Journal fur die reine und angewandte Alathenuitik. B(>rlin, Clermany. I. U.

1-119, 121 + .
Journal fiir Landwirtschaft. Gottingen; Berlin, Germany. Exp. 21-24, 28,

31,37 + .
Journal fiir praktische Chemie. Leipzig, Germany. N. D. 51*, 52*; W. 1-80.
Journal fiir Psychologic und Neurologic. Leipzig, Germany. I. U. 1 + .
Journal of abnormal psj-chology. Boston, Mass. I. U. 3, 5+.
Journal of advanced therapeutics. Rahway, N. J. P. 23*, 24*.
Journal of agricultural science. Cambridge. England. I'.'xp. 3+: 1'. 2 + .
Journal of agriculture. London, England. S. L. 1-20.
Journal of agriculture. St. Louis, Mo. Exp. 51*, 52*, 53*.
Journal of analytical and applied chemistry. Eastoii, Pa. Exp. 2*, 3*: P.
4-711 : R. P. 4-711 : W. 1-7||.

Continued from Vol. 7 as American chemical socioty . Joum.al . q. v.
Journal of anatomy and physiology. London, England. 1. V. 38+.

291

Journal of animal behavior. Cambridge. Mass. B1 + : D. 1 + : I. IT. 1 + :

P. 5+: S. \. 1 + .
Behavior monographs. B. 1+: I. U. 1 + .
Journal of applied microscopy. Rochester, N. Y. B. 2-6||: N. D. 1*, 2*,

3-611: S. N. 4.6!|.
Journal of biological chemistry. New York. I. U. 1 + : N. D. 1 + : P. 1 + :

S. L. 2+.
Journal of botany, Tiritish and foreign. London, England. Exj:). 40-49.
Journal of botany (Hooker). London, England. L U. 1+: N. H. 1-4.
Journal of comparative medicine and surgery. Philadelphia, Pa. Exp. 1-10||.

Continued by Journal of comparative medicine and veterinary archives q. v.
Journal of comparative medicine and veterinary archives. Philadelphia, Pa.

Exp. 11-24.
Journal of comparative neurologj'. Philadelphia, Pa. D. 1-21: I. V. 1 + :

S. N. 16+.

Volumes 14-20 were entitled Journal of comparative neurology and psychology.
Journal of comparative pathology and therapeutics. London, England. Exp.

23+.
Journal of cutaneous and venereal disease. New York. D. 1*, 2*, 3*.
Journal of economic entomology. Concord, N. H. Exp. 1 + : P. 1 + : S. L.

1-4: W. 2+.
Journal of educational psychology. Baltimore, Aid. I. U. 1 + : P. 1 + : S. N.

1 + .
Journal of engineering. Boulder. Colo. See under Colorado university.
Journal of electricity, power, and gas. San Francisco, Calif.; New Y'ork. P.

27 + .
Journal of experimental medicine. New Y'ork; Lancaster, Pa. Exp. 13+:

I. U. 1-6,8-12, 14+.
Journal of experimental zoology. Philadelphia, Pa. E. 6: L V. 1-12: P. 1+:

S. L. 6+: S. N. 1 + : W. 2+.
Journal of genetics. Cambridge, Mass. I. U. 1 + .
Journal of geography. Lancaster, Pa.; Chicago, 111.; New Y'ork. I. U. 7+:

S. N. 1 + .
Journal of geology. Chicago, 111. B. 7-18: E. 1 + : F. 20+: I. U. 1 + : M.

18, 19: P. 1*, 2*, 3*-5*, 6-14, 15*, 16+: S. L. 1 + : S. N. 1+: W. 1 + .
Journal of home economics. Geneva, N. Y. P. 2+.
Journal of hygieo-therapy. Kokomo, Ind. D. 4*, 5*, 6*, 7*: P. 1*.
Journal of hygiene. Cambridge, England. I. U. 1 + : P. 6+.

292

Journal of industrial and engineering ohemistrj'. Easton, Pa. D. 1 + : Exp.

1+: Ft. W. 4+: G. 5+: I. U. 1+: N. D. 1+: P. 1 + .
Journal of infectious disease. Chicago, 111. Exp. 1 + : P. 1 + : S. L. 5+: T. H.

6+.
Supplement. Exj). 1-4.
Journal of materia medica. New Lebanon, X. Y. D. 1*, 13*, 14*, 15*, 20*,

23*, 24*.
Journal of medical research. Boston, Mass. Exp. o. s. 24+: I. U. n. s. 1-17,

21 + : T. H. 20-22, 24-26.
Journal of medical science. Dublin, Ireland. D. 62, 66, 72.
Journal of medical science. Edinburgh, Scotland. D. 1-3.
Journal of mental science. London, England. I. U. 40-56, 58+.
Journal of microscopical science. See Quarterly journal of microscopical

science.
Journal of ■ morphology. Boston, Mass.; Philadelphia, Pa. B. 10-20: D.

1-23: I. U. 1-17, 19+: P. 1 + : VV. 17.
Journal of mycology. Manhattan, Kan.; Washington, D. C; Columbus, O.

D. 1-1411 : N. D. 1-3, 7*, 8*: 8. L. 1-7: S. X. 1-4: W . 9-12.

Continued as Mycologia q. v.

Journal of nervous and mental diseases. New York. I. L-. 27+: T. H. 36+.
Journal of pathology and bacteriology. Cambridge, Mass. Exp. 15+.
Journal of pathology and bacteriology. Edinburgh, Scotland; London, England.

I. U. 1 + .
Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics. Baltimore, Md.

P. 1 + .
Journal of philosophy, psychology and scientific methods. New York. E.

1-6: I. U. 1 + : P. 5+: S. N. 1 + .
Journal of physical chemistry. Ithaca, N. Y. B. 18+: I. U. 1-15: P. 6+.
Journal of physiology. Cambridge, London, England. D. 1-6, 12, 16: I. U.

1 + : P. 32 + .
Journal of race development. Worcester, Mass. I. U. 1 + .
Journal of religious psychology. See American journal of leligious psycliology

and ('(hication.
Journal of school geography. Lancaster, Pa. S. N. 1 + .
Journal of fhe board of agriculture. London, luigland. Exp. 17*, 18+.
Journal of I he veterinary science in liidi;). .Madras. Exp. 1-7.
Journal of tropical medicine, i.oiidon, i'Jigland. I. 1'. 9+.
Journal russe de botanique. Si. Pctersbuig, Russia. X. 1). '12+.

293

Jurjev (Russia) Imi^erial university.

Acta horti botanici. X. D. 14+-
Kaiserlich Gesvmdheitsamte. Berlin, Germany.

Arbeiten. Exp. 1, 3.
Kaiserlich-konigliche zoologische-botanische Gesellschaft. Vienna, Austria.
Verhandlungen. Ac. 38, 39'-*, m \ 41-43, 44^-^ 451-'°, 46i-''' «. ?. s. lo^
47'-'°, 49-60, 61'-'f.
Kaiserlich-leopoldinische-carolinische deutsche Akadeniie der Naturforscher.
Halle, Prussia.
Abhandlungen. Ac. 68, 69'- ^ 70', 73^ 77', 79=, 81'' 3. s^ 823. \ 86'- ^ 88',
90' 3, 4 921^ 932
Kansas academy of science. Topeka.

Transactions. Ac. 9, 19-22, 24: E. 13, 15-18: Exp. 8, 12: I. U. 20-21, 24,
25, 28, 29, 32-35: X. D. 20+: X. H. 21*: R. P. '87-'90, '99-'02: 8. L.
5, 8-17.
Kansas (state) agricultural college. ^lanhattan.

Agricultural education. P. '10+.
Kansas. Agricultural experiment station. Lawrence.

Annual report. Exp. 1-5.
Kansas. Agricultvu-al experiment station. JNIanhattan.
Annual report. ExiJ. 1+: P. 1 + : S. L. '83-'00.
Bulletin. D. 75, 127, 129: Exp. 1+ : X. D. 180: P. 1 + : S. L. '89-'98.
Kansas. Agriculture, State board of.
Annual report. D. 5||.
Continued as

Biennial report. D. 1, 3-5: Ex-p. 9+: X. D. 4: P. 1, 3, 10+.

Quarterly report. Exp. 20*, 21*, 22*, 23*, 24*, 27*, 28+: P. 26, 27*, 28*.
29, 30*, 31 + .
Kansas (state) entomological commission.

Report. P. 1 + .
Kansas farmer. Topeka. Exp. 47*, 48*, 49*, 50*, 51 + .
Kansas (state). Fish and game. Department of.

Bulletin. P. 1 + .
Kansas (state). Geological survey.

Bulletin on mineral resources. I. U. 1 + : P. '99, '03: R. P. '97-'99.

Report. E. 1-7, 9: P. 3, 5, 6: R. P. 2-5.

Report of progress. P. n. s. 1.

294

Kansas (state) horticultural societ.y. Topeka.
Biennial report. D. 1-3.
Pamphlets. S. L. 1-4.
Report. D. 9-16||: P. 15.

Continued as Biennial report q. v. §

Transactions. E.xp. 13-16, 18-22, 24, 27, 28, 30, 31: S. L. '7S-'lf;.
Kansas industrialist. Manhattan, Kan. N. D. 38*, 39*+.
Kansas live stock sanitary commission. Toj^eka.

Biennial report. Exp. '09, '10.
Kansas university. I^awrence.

Engineering record. P. 1-2.

Quarterly. Ac. ser. A. 6-10: ser. B. 6-7: P. 1-10*.

Science bulletin. Ac. 1-5, 6: D. 4*, 7*, 13*: I. U. 1 + : N. D. 1 + : P. 1 + :
R. P. 1 + .
Keith's magazine. Minneapolis, Minn. Ft. \V. 15+: G. 23+.
Kentucky. Agricultural experiment station. Lexington.

Annual report. D. 2-18: Exp. 1 + : P. 1 + .

Bulletin. D. 93, 124-133, 135, 140, 142-148, 151-15S, 161-164, 167, 169+ :
Exp. 1+: P. 1 + : S. L. '09 + .
Kentucky (state) agricultural society.

Report. S. L. '5G, '57.
Kentucky. Agriculture, labor and statistics, Bureau of. Frankfort.

Biennial report. Exp. '04, '05: P. '06-'09.
Kentucky (state) farmers' institute. Louisville.

Annual report. Exp. '07, '11.
Kentucky. Forestry' and emigration, State board of.

Annual report. Exp. '78.
Kentucky (state). Geological survey.

Report of progress. I. U. '54-'59: N. D. '56, '57: X. 11. 1-4: P. n. s. 1.
Keramic studio. Now York. G. 12+.
Kew, England. See Royal botanic gardens.
Kimball's daii'y farmer. Wateiloo, la. Exp. 7, 8*, 9+.
KleinweK. Zeitschrift der deulschen micrologiscluMi Gcsellschafl. .Munich,

(lermany. N. I). '09 + .
Koniglich-bayerische Akademie der Wissciischaflen. .Munich, (iiMinany.

Sitzungberichte. Ac. 1-15, 'll'-^ '12'' -.
Koniglich deutsches archacologisches Institut.

Mittheilungen athenische. I. U. 1 + .

Mittheilungen roemische. L U. 1 + .

295

Koniglich-preussische Akudemie dvv Wissenschaften. Berlin, Germany.

Abhandkmgen. I. U. 1 + .
Koniglich-sachsische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften :mathematisch-physische
Klasse.
Berichte fiber die Verhandlungen. I. U. 63+.
Konigliche Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zn Gottingen. IMathematisch-
physikalische Klasse.
Nachrichten. I. U. 61 + .
Konigliche katholische Gyninasium. Culm, Germany.

Jahresberichte. N. D. 10.
Kongelige norske videnskabers selskab. Trondhjem, Norway.

Skrifter. Ac. '97-'ll.
Kongliga svenska Yetenskaps-akademie. Stockholm, Sweden.
Arkiv for botanik. Ac. V~\ 2'-\ 7+.

Arkiv for kemie, mineralogi och geologie. Ac. 1', 3'^^ 4'~".
Arkiv for zoologi. Ac. 1\ 4+.
Behang till handlingar. Ac. 12-28.
Koninklijke natuurkundige Vereeniging in Nederlandsch-Indie. Woltevreden,
Dutch East Indies.
Natuurkundige Tijdschrift. Ac. 52, 53, 55+.
Koninklijke akademie von wettenschafpen. Amsterdam, Holland. I. U. 13+.
Kosmos. Stuttgart, Germany. N. D. '13+.
Lake Michigan water commission.

Report. P. 1 + .
Lancet. London, England. I. T^ 82-S7.

The American reprint was issued in New York under tlie title London lancet q. v.
Landscape architecture. Harrisburg, Pa. G. 2+.

Landwirthschaftliche Jahrblicher. Berlin, Germany. Exp. 12-26,40+.
Landwirtschaftlichen Versuchsstationen. Berlin, Germany. Exp. 17, 36, 37,*

38, 39*, 40+: I. U. 35-47, 49+.
La Plata (Argentine Republic). See Museo de la Plata.
Leaflets of botanical observations and criticism (Greene). Washington, D.

C. N. D. 1 + .
Leeds (N. Dak.) herbarium.

Bulletin. N. D. 1, 2||.
Leland Stanford, jr. university'. Hopkins laboratory.

Contributions to biology. Exp. 19, 25, 27, 30: I. U. 1-32: P. 1-8, 10-12,

14, 16, 18-30.
Publications. Ac. 1-6, 9: Exp. 1-6, 9, 11+: P. 1 + .

296

Lens. Chicago, 111. R. P. 1,2||.

Lick observatory. See California university.

Liebig. Annual report of progress of chemistry and allied sciences. London,

England. R. P. 1-4.
Lilly scientific bulletin. Indianapolis, Ind. Exp. I*: X. D. I. 1 + .
Lincoln (Neb.) freie press. Exp. 28*, 29+.
Linnean society of London (England).

Transactions. I. U. II. zoology 4 + .
Linnean society of New South Wales. Sidney, Australia.

Proceedings. Ac. 25, 2&'-\ lT-\ 2%^-\ 29^-^
Linnean society of New York.

Abstract of proceedings. Ac. 1-4, G-11.
Transactions. Ac. 1.
Lister institute of preventive medicine. London, England.

Collected papers. Ac. 2-8 '~-.
Live stock journal. Chicago, 111. Exp. 48*, 55*, 56*; P. 33-42.
Live stock journal. London, England. Exp. 33-48, 56-62, 65*, 66+.
Lloyd library. Cincinnati, O.

Bibliographical contributions. Ac. 1 + : Exp. 2-10: N. D. 1 + .
Bulletins. Botanical series. Ac. 2: Exp. 2: N. D. 1 + : P. 1 + .
Materia medica series. N. D. 1 + : P. 1 + .
Mycological series. Ac. 1-4, 6: Exp. 3-4: P. 1 + .
Pharmacy series. Ac. 1 + : Exp. 1-5: N. D. 1 + : P. 1 + .
Poly]ooroid series. Exp. 1.
Reproduction series. Ac. 1-6: Exp. 1-7.
Mycological notes. Ac. 1-26, 30-35: Exp. 32-37: N. D. l*-3*: P. 1-11, 14+.
Locomotive engineering. New York. P. 8*, 9*, 10-13||: R. P. 10-13||.

Continued as Railway and locomotive engineering q. v.
Locomotive firemen's and enginemen's magazine. Terre Ihui((\ Iml.; Peoria.

111. P. 46+: R. P. 10, 12+.
London (Isngland). See Lister institute.
London (England). Agriculture and fisheries, Board of.
Annual report. Exp. '04, '05, '08.

Leaflets. Exp. 18, 29, 66, 78, 97, 100, 144, 146. 160-190, 192-194, 196-206,
208-226, 228, 233, 241, 242, 245, 246, 248-255, 257+.
London (England) horticultural society.

Transactions. N. D. 1-4.
London (England) journal of arts and sciences. N. I). 1-4, S, 9, 12, 13.

297

London lancet. New York. N. H. 1-14; n. s. '52-'58.

American reprint oi the Lancet, London, q. ».
London mathematical societj-.

Proceedings. I. U. I. 1-35; II. 1 + .
London (England) medical and surgical journal. D. 1-8.
London (England) microscopical society.

Transactions. R. P. 1-3.
London physical society.

Proceedmgs. I. U. 1+: P. 19+.
Long Island agronomist. Medford, N. Y. Exp. 1+: P. 5+.
Louisiana. Agricultural experiment station. Baton Rouge.

Annual report. Exp. 1 + : P. 1-6, 10, 12+.

Bulletin. 'Exp. o. s. 1-8, 10-28; n. s. 1 + : P. 1 + : S. L. 106-112, 115-116,
124.
Louisiana. Agriculture, Commissioner of.

Biemiial report. P. 2, 9, 12, 13.
Louisiana conservation commission.

Report. P. '10.
Louisiana. Crop pest commission. Baton Rouge.

Biemiial report. Exp. '06-'09: P. '04-'07.
Louisiana geological survey. Bat on Rogue.

BuUetm. Exp. 1, 3-8: P. 1-5, 7-8.

Report. P. '99, '02.
Louisiana. Gulf biologic station. Cameron.

Bulletin. P. 3, 4, 6, 7, 9-11, 13-15.
Louisiana (state) horticultural society. Baton Rouge.

Annual report. Exp. '04-'08.
Louisiana (state) museum. New Orleans.

Bulletin. Ac. 1: Exp. 1: X. D. 1, 2, 4+.

Report. Ac. '10, '12: X. D. '08, '10+.
Louisiana planter and sugar manufacturer. Xew Orleans. Exp. 3*, 4-8,
9*, 10-12, 13*, 14*, 15*, 16, 17*, 18*, 19*, 20*, 21*, 22, 23, 24*, 25*, 26,
27, 28*, 29*, 30, 31*, 32, 33*, 34, 35*, 36*, 37-40, 41*, 42*, 43-45, 46*,
47*, 48*, 49*, 50+.
Louisiana society of naturalists.

Proceedings. X. D. '00.
Louisiana state university. Baton Rouge.

Farmer's librarv circulars. P. 1.

298

Louisville (Ky.j medical monthly. P. 2*, 3*.
Lowell observatory. Flagstaff, Ariz.

Annals. I. U. '98, '00, '05.
Lumiere electrique. Paris, France. P. n. s. 1 + .

Continues Eclairage electrique q.v.
Lyon (France), Universite catholiciue cle. N. D. n. s. 6-9.
Machinery. New York. Engineering edition. Ft. W. 13+: G. 7*, 8+: L.

P. L5*, 16*, 18*, 19+: P. 10+: 11. P. 3 + .
Magazine of art. London, England. P. 3-13, 14*.
Magyar botanikai Lapok. Budapest, Himgary. N. D. 10+.
Magyar kirdlyi termeszettudomanyi tarsulat. Budapest, Hungary.

jMegbizds.4bol. Ac. 1-3.
Magyar madartani kozpont folyoirata. Budapest, Himgary.

Aquila. Ac. 5+: N. D. '12+.
Magyar memzeti miizeum. Budapest, Hungary. Ac. 1-3.
Maine. Agricultural experiment station. Orono.

Annual report. Exp. '85+: P. '88+.

Bulletin. D. 28, 32, 35, 36, 42, 46, 113. 115-118, 136, 138: Exp. o. s. 1-26:
n. s. 1 + : P. 1 + .

Official inspection bulletin. Exp. 1+: P. 1 + .
Maine. Agriculture, Commissioner of.

Annual report. P. 1+: S. N. 1 + .

Bulletin. P. 8*, 9*, 10*, 11 + .
Maine. Agriculture, state board of.

Annual report. P. 1-45.
Maine. Cattle commissioners.

Report on contagious diseases of animals. P. '02-'08.
Maine dairymen's association.

Annual report. Exp. 9-11: P. 13.
Maine (state) entomologist.

Aimual report. P. 1-6.
Maine forest commissioner.

Pepoi't- P- 4, 5, 7, 8: S. N. 4, 5, 7.
Maine. Health, State board of. Augusta.

Annual report. Exj). 8-10, 12-15: P. 1-1.5.

Bulletin. E.xp. *1, 2+.

Report of sanitary inspector. lOxp. H'\ 9, 10, 11-15*.
Maine. Highway, Commissioner of.

Annual report. S. N. '05-'09.

299

Maine (state) horticulturist.

Annual report. P. 1 + .
Maine. Inland fisheries and game, Conmiissioner of.

Report. P. '02, '06+: S. N. '02, '06, '08.
Maine (state) poniologica! society. Turner.

Transactions. Exp. '95, '99, '01.
Maine. Sea and shore fisheries, Commissioners of.

Report. P. '02+: S. N. '03-'08.
Maine. Water storage commission. Augusta.

Report. N. D. 1+: P. 1 + .
Malvern (England) college natural history society.

Report. N. D. 9+.
Man. London, England. I. U. 8+.
Manchester (England) microscopical society.

Annual report and transactions. N. D. '11 + .
Manchester (N. H.). Water commissioners. Board of.

Annual report. N. 1). 4+.
Manitoba. See Historical and scientific society of Manitoba; Winnipeg.
Manitoba agricultural college. Winnipeg.

Bulletin. Exp. 1-5.
Manitoba horticultural and forestry association. Winnipeg.

Annual report. Exp. '98, '02-'06, '08, '09.
Manual training magazine. Chicago; Peoria. 111. Ft. W. 10+: G. 10+:

I. U. 6+: L. P. 10+: X. H. '11 + : P. 9+: S. X. 1+: T. H. 9+.
Marconigraph. X"ew York. Ft. W. 1 + .
Marine biological laboratory. Woods Hole, Mass.

Lectures. I. U. 1-7: S. X. '93-'99||.
See Biological bulletin.
Market growers' journal. Louisville, Ky. Exp. 1, 2, 3% 4-7, 8*, 9+.
Maryland agricultural college. College Park, Md.

Quarterly. Exp. 1-3, 5-21, 23-37, 46-48, 50+.
Maryland. Agricultural experiment station. College Park.

Annual report. Exp. 1 + : P. 1 + .

Bulletin. D. 58, 60: Exp. 1 + : P. 1 + : S. L. '98-'09.

Special bulletin. Exp. '89-'90.
Maryland, theological survey.

Report. E. 1-6, 9: I. U. 1: P. 1 + .
Maryland (state) horticultural society. College Park.

Annual report. P^xp. 2-4, 6-13.

300

Maryland. Statistics and information, Buroaii of. Baltinioic.

Annual report. Exp. 'lO-'ll.
Maryland weather service. Baltimore, Aid.

Report. E. 2: Exp. 2: P. n. s. 1 + : S. X. n. s. 1 + .

Special publications. X. D. -3.
Massachusetts agricultural college. Boston, JVIass.

Annual report. Exp. '92-'94, '97-'01, '04.
Massachusetts. Agricultural experiment station. Andierst; Hatch station.

Annual report. Exp. 1 + : X. D. 19-22, 24+: P. 2, 3, 8+.

Bulletin. Exp. 1 + : X. D. lCO-106. 108, 110-121, 123-135, 138 + : P. 1 + .
Massachusetts. Agricultural experiment .station. State station.

Annual report. Exp. 1-25: P. 1-12.

Bulletin. Exp. 5, 7-56: P. 1-45, 47-49. 51, 52, 54-56.

Meteorological observations. Exp. 1 + - P. 234+.

Special bulletin. Exp. 1-6.

The Hat;h station and the State .station were combined in 1896.

Massachusetts agricultui-al society.

Reports. X. D. 1 + .
Massachusetts. Agriculture, State board of.

Annual report, E.xp. '53+: X. D. 10, 11 + : P. '55, '86-'09: R. P. 4, 29.

Bulletin. E.xi). 1 + : P. 1 + .

Crop report bulletin. E.xp. 23 + .

Nature leaflets. Exp. 1 + .
Massachusetts. Cattle commissioners, Board of. Boston

Annual report. Exp. '99-'01.
Massachusetts (state) forester.

Bulletin. P. 1, 3-5.

Report. P. 5 + .
Massachusetts fruit growers' association.

.\nnual report. Exp. 12-17.
Massachusetts. Health, State Board of.

Annual reports. R. P. 1-11, 23: P. 1-7, 11, 18, 20-29, 32+.
Massachusetts. Highway commission.

Report. P. 1, 4, 7-14, 17+.
Massachusetts horlicultural society. Bowl on.

Transactions. Ac. '92-. '93'' -, '94'' -', '95'-'', '96'"', '97'' '-, '98'- ^, '99'' =,
'00-, '03-, '04' -. '05' -, '06-'09, 'lO'' =, '11', '12'+: Exp. '88, '89, '90.
'91 + : P. '83. '95.

301

Massachusetts. Zoological and botanical survey, Commissioner of.

Report. N. D. '41: N. H. '41.
Master car builders' association. New York.

Proceedings. P. 1-6, 9. 11, 13-24, 26-37, 39+.
Materia medica or Pharmacology and therapeutics. Sprmgfield D. 1*.
Mathematical gazette. London, England. I. U. 1+: S. N. 4+.
Mathematical magazine. Washington, D. C. I. U. 1: ^^ . 2.
Mathematical messenger. Ada, La.; Tyler, Tex. I. U. 4-7.
Mathematical monthly. Cambridge, Mass. I. U. 1-3: P. 1-3: R. P. 1- •
Mathematical questions and their solutions. London, England. L U. 1-75;

Mathematical review. Worcester, Mass. I. U. 1*, 2*.
Mathematical visitor. Erie, Pa. I. U. 1, 2.
Mathematico-physical society of Tokyo, Japan.

Journal. I. U. '11. t tt ii

Mathematische Annalen. Leipzig, Germany. R. P- 1+-- P- 1+^ ^■^- +•
Mathematische und naturwissenschaftliche Berichte aus Ungarn. Budapest,

Hungary. Ac. 1-12, 14-26i-^: L U. 1 + .
Mathesis, recueil mathematique. Ghent, Belgiimi. L L. 1-17, 19+.
Mechanics. See Engineering mechanics.
Mechanics. N. D. 13, 14, 16, 18, 19.

Mechanics' magazine. London, England. N. H. 1-1^, 19, 20.
Mechanics' magazine and register of invention and improvement. New 1 ork.

N. H. 1-4.
Medical adviser. London, England. N. H. 1-5.
Medical age. Detroit, Mich. D. 1*, 2*, 3*, 4-6, 7*, 8, 9*.

Continues from Michigan medical news 5. D.
Medical and surgical journal. Edinburgh, Scotland. D. 33-36, 38-5-.

Continued as Medical journal q. v.
Medical and surgical journal. London, England. D. 1-8.
Medical and surgical monitor. Indianapolis, Ind. I' ^;. ^+; f ;^- 7"'
Medical and surgical reporter. Burlington, N. J.; Philadelphia, Pa. D.
24* 27* 39*, 45*, 46*, 47, 57*, 58*, 62*: P. 50-53^

' ' ,r TA ^* c 19 iq* li.iq 20* 21*: P. 14-24*.

Medical brief. St. Louis, Mo. D. 4J, 5^-12, 13 , 14-19, 20 ,

Medical gazette. New York. D. 8*, 9*, 10*.

Medical gleaner. St. Louis, Mo. D. 1.

Medical investigator. Bloomington, Ind. I. U 1.

Medical journal. Edinburgh, Scotland. D. 1, 2*, 3, 5, ., 8^ 9, 10, 11 . 12 .

302

Medical monitor. See Central states.

Medical news. Philadelphia, Pa. D. 31-35, 36*: T, V. 52-55: X. D. 27-30:
N. H. 30*, 31*, 32*, 37*-39.

Vols. 1-.37 were called Medical news and library; vols. 38-39 Medical news and abstract.

Medical news and library supplement. Philadelphia, Pa. D. 379-383.
Medical record. New York. Exp. 77+: I. U. 24, 25, 29-36, 43-56: M. 13-41.
Medical review of reviews. New York. Exp. 15, 16: P. 7-12*.
Medical science. See Journal of Medical science; also Monthly journal of

medical science; also Quarterly journal of medical science.
Medical standard. Chicago, 111. P. 17, 18*.
Medical world. New York; Philadelphia, Pa. D. 1*, 3*-6*, 7, 8, 9*: P.

8, 11, 13, 14*.
Mennonitische Rundschau. Scottsdale, Pa. Exp. 33*, 34*, 35*, 36*+.
Merck's bulletin. New York; London, England. P. 2-4*.
Merck's annual report on medical preparations. New York. N. D. 10+:

P. 4, 6+.
Meriden (Conn.) scientific association.

Transactions. Ac. 1-6.
Messenger of mathematics. London; Cambridge, England. D. 1-22: I. U.

n. s. 1-23: R. P. 1+: S. N. 26-36.

Continues Oxford, Cambridge and Dublin messenger of mathematics q. v.

Metal industry. New York. Ft. W. 2+.

Metallographist. Boston, Mass. See Iron and steel magazine.

Metallurgical and chemical engineering. New York. D. 2+: E. 7+: G.

7+: I. U. 1 + : N. D. 3+: P. 1 + : R. P. 1 + *.

Vols. 1 and 2 have title Electrochemical industry and vols. 3-7 have title Electrochemical
and metallurgical industry.
Mexico. Secretaria de fomento, colonizacion e industria de la Republica
Mexicana. Mexico City.
Boletin del instituto geologico. Ac. 10-15.
Mexico City (Mexico). See Museo nacional.
Mexico (City) instituto medico nacional.

Anales. Ac. 11'-', 12'' =.
Mexico. Estacion agricola exjierimental de Ciudad Juarez.

Bulletin. Exp. 1 + .
Mexico rubber planters' association.

Yearbook. Exp. '07, '08.
Meyer brothers' druggist. St. Louis, T\lo. N. D. 23*-33*: P. 12, 15, 17, 18,
22, 28+.

303

Michigan academy of science. Lansing.
Bulletin. P. 1-3*.

Report. I. U. 7+: N. D. 1+: P. 1+: S. L. '94-'00, '02+.
Michigan agricultural (college. Zoology and physiology, Department of.

Special bulletin. N. D. '12+.
Michigan. Agricultural experiment station. East Lansing.
Annual report. Exp. 1-5, 8+.
'Bulletin. D. 45, 76, 125, 146-147, 218, 222-224, 232. 250-252, 258, + : Kx]).

1 + : N. D. 260, 267+: P. 1-144, 146+.
Elementary science bulletins. Exp. 1+: P. 1, 2, 4+.
Special bulletins. D. 7, 29, 32, 44, 54, 59+: Exp. 2. 4-5, 7+: P. 1 + .
Technical bulletins. D. 5-7, 11 + : Exp. 1+: P. 1 + .
Michigan. Agriculture, State board of. Larsing.

Annual report. D. 15-17, 25, 26, 28-30, 35-37, 39, 49+: Exp. 3-7, 9-11,
14-20, 23-31, 33+: P. 6, 7, 10-14, 17-19, 23, 25-37. 39+: H. P. 25, 26,
28-30.
Biennial report. Exp. 1.

Cjntinue.s Michigan (state) agricultural society c/. r.

Michigan (state) agricultural society. Lansing.

Transactions. Exp. 1, 3-8, 11: P. '50, '52, '58, '59: S. L. '52, '.57.

Continued by Michigan. .Agriculture, State board of. q. i .

Michigan (state) association of farmers' clubs. Metamora.

Annual report. Exp. '05-'12.
Michigan. Dairy and food commissioner.

Report. P. '03, '05+.
Michigan dairy farmer. Detroit. Exp. 2*, 3, 4*, 5+.
Michigan dairymen's association.

.Aimual report. Exp. 7-9, 12: P. 15.
Michigan fish commission. Lansing.

Bulletin. Exp. 2.
Michigan engineering society.

Michigan engineer. P. 1-2, 4-5, 11-29: R. P. '94-'96.
Michigan. Forestry commission.

Report. Exp. '88: P. 1 + *.
Michigan. Geological survey. Lansing.

Report. E. '01, '03-'06: N. D. '06: X. H. 1 : S. N. '07.
Michigan. Health, State board of. Lansing.

.\nnual report. Exi3. 4, 13-18, 20-22, 24-28: P. 1-33, 35+: R. P. '85.

304

Michigan (state) horticultural society. Lansing.

Annual report. D. 10-21: Exp. 10-16, 18-21, 36-41: P. 10-18, 40+: S. L.
10+.

Prior to 1880 known as the Michigan (state) pomological society q. v. The volume numbers
of the reports are continuous.

Michigan. Live stock sanitary commission. Stanton.

Biemrial report. Exp. 2-13.
Mich gan (state) pomological society. Lansing.

Annual report. D. 3, 5-9|| : Exp. 3-9|| : P. 2, 6, 8, 9|| : S. L. l-9|i .

In 1880 the society took the name of the Michigan (state) horticultural society q. v.
Michigan medical news. Detroit. D. 1*, 2*, 3*, 4, 5*.

Continued in Medical age q. v.

Michigan university. Clinical society.

Transactions. I. U. 1 + .
Michigan imiversity. Engineering society.

Technic. P. 2, 3, 5, 7-22.
Michigan university. Museum of natural history. Ann Arbor.

Report. S. L. '12.
Michigan university. Botany, Department of.

Bulletin. N. D. n. s. 7*.
Michigan (state) veterinarian. Lansing.

Biemiial report. Exp. 6.
Microscope, The. Washington, D. C. N. D. 6*, 7, 8*-10*, 11, 12*; n. s. 1*,

2* 3, 4*.
Microscopical bulletin and science news. Philadelphia, Pa. Ac. 6^"^, 7\ 14^

15=, 17^, 18' "-: N. D. 2*-8*, 9, 10, 11*, 1 *, 24*.
Milchwirtschaftliches Zentralblatt. Leipzig, Germany. Exp. 6, 7, 41 + .
Milch Zcitung. Leipzig, Germany. Exp. 18, 39, 40.
Milwaukee (Wis.). Public museum.

Reports. Ac. '98+.
Mind. London, England. B. n. s. 10+: L II. o. s. 1-16; n. s. 1 + : P. n. s.

17+: S. N. 1+: W. 5-18.
Mind and body. Milwaukee, Wis. G. 17+: 1. U. 1-16, 18+: S. X. 1-13, 15+.
Mineral industry. New York. L U. 1-6: P. 9-15: W. 12.
Mining and engineering world. New York. Ft. W. 38+.
Minne.sota academy of natural sciences. Minneapolis.

liullctins. Ac. 2'-5, 3'': P. 3*.

I

I

305

Minnesota. Agricultural experiment station. St. Paul.

Annual report. D. 12: Exp. '93+: P. '88^ '94-'%, '98+.

Biennial report. Exp. '88-'92.

Bulletin. D. 39, 46, 51, 89-91: Exp. 1 + : P. 1 + .
Minnesota (state) agricultural society. Hamlin.

Annual report. Exp. '00-'07, '09, '10.
Minnesota and Dakota farmer. Brooking, S. D. Exp. 3*, 4, 5*.
Minnesota dairymen's association.

.\nnual report Exp. '93, '01 : P. 03, '04.
Minnesota (state) entomologist.

Minnesota insect life. P. 1 + .
Minnesota. Fire warden, Chief.

Annual report. S. X. '99, '00, '02.
Minnesota (state) food and dairj^ commission. St. Anthony Park.

Biennial report. Exp. 5, 7.
Minnesota. Forestry commissioner.

Report. P. 1-2, 4-8, 11, 12, 14, 16.
Minnesota. Geological and natural history survey.

Minnesota botanical studies. Exp. 1+: X. D. 1 + : P. 1 + .

Minnesota plant studies. Hxp. 1-4: X. D. 1+: P. 1 + .

Report. E. 1-5: X. D. 1, 3, 5, 8+: X. H. 4, 5, 8, 11: P. 1-4.
Minnesota. Health, State board of.

Annual report. P. '74, '75, '78-'86.
Minnesota (state) horticultural soc ety. St. Paul.

Report or Transactions. D. '66-'73, '82-'85, '87-'89, '92-'94: Exp. '84
'86-'89, '92, '95-'01: S. L. '92, '94, '95.
Minnesota northeast experiment farm.

Report. Exp. '06.
Minnesota. Stallion registration board. St. Anthony Park.

Bulletin. Exp. 1-3: P. 1 + .
Minnesota imiversity. Minneapolis.

^Minnesota botanical studies. Exp. 1 + : X. D. 4+: S. X. 1, 2.
Minnesota university. Society of engineers.

Yearbook. P. 1, 4, 5, 8-17.
Minnesota university. Sea side station.

Postelsia. D. 1: I. U. 1,2: P. 1, 2.

20—1019

306

Minnesota. Waterwaj^s commission.

Reports. P. 1 + .
Miramichi (New Brunswick) natural history society.

Proceedings. N. D. 4, 6+.
Mississippi. Agricultural experiment station. Agricultural college.

Annual report. D. 12, 13: Exp. 1+: P. 1-8, 10, 13, 15+.

Bulletin. D. 50, 66, 73, 76, 79-80, 83: Exp. 1-37, 39-4.5, 47, 49-84, 86-96
98-152, 15 +: P. l-h: S. L. '09-'10*.

Technical bulletins. Exp. 1, 2: P. 1 + .
Mississippi. Geological survey.

Bulletin. P. 8.
Mississippi river i)ower company.

Bulletin. N. D. 1-7.
Mississippi valley horticultural society.

Transactions. D. 1, 2: P. 1, 2.

See American horticultural society.

See American horticultural society.
Missouri. Agricultural experiment station. Coknnbia.

Annual report. Exp. '88, '96-'04, '10-^: P. '96-'99, '01-'03.

Bulletin. D. o. s. 6: Exp. o. s. 1-8, 10-12. 14, 19, 21-24, 29-35; n. s. 1 +
P. o. s. 4, 5, 24-35; n. s. 1 + : S. L. '99-' 11.

Research bulletin. Exp. l-j-: P. l + .
Missouri agricultural farmer. Columbia. Exp. 5*, 6, 7*. 8, 9^, 10-f.
Missouri. Agriculture, State board of. Crescent.

Annual report. Exp. 16-20: R. P. '89-'90: P. 13, 15, 20, 35-41, 43 + .
Missouri botanical garden. St. Louis.

Reports D. 5-8, 10+: E. 1-12, 14: Exj). 2+: CJ. 1-11: I. V. 1-21, 23+:
N. D. 1 + : S. L. 1 + .
Missouri (state) corn growers' association.

Annual report. Exp. '11.
Missouri farmer and breeder. Columbia. Exp. 2*, 3*.
Missouri. Food and drug inspection, Department of.

Bulletin. P. 3.

Report. P. '09-' 10.
Missouri (state) fruit experiment station. Mountain (!r()\e.

Biennial report. P. '03+.

Bulletin. Exp. 1-5, 7-8, 10+: I'. 1, 5-21.
Missouri. Oeological survey (organized 1853). JelTerson City.

Annual report. N. D. 1 + : N. H. 1, 2: S. X. 10.

307

Missouri. Geology and mines, Bureau of.

Biennial reports to the general assemblj'. P. 'Cl-'08.

Report. E II. 1-10: P. 1.3; II. 1 + .
Missouri. Horticulture, St te board of.

Annual report. Exp. 1-5: N. D. 1+: P. 1-3: S. L. '07, '09, '10.
Missouri (state) horticultural society'.

Proceedings. Exp. 68-72.

Report. D. '83, '87, '90, '91, '95-'97: Ex]). '80, '81 '83.'88, '89, '91, '93,
'95, 97-'01, '06-'ll: P. '80, '81, '83-'87, '92, '95, '99, 01-'06: S. L
'86, '94, '03, '04.
Missouri pharmaceutical association. St. Louis.

Proceedings. N. D. lO-'ll.
Missouri university. Columbia.

Bulletin. Medical series. S. L. 1 + .

Science series. N. D. 1 + : P. 2+: S. L. 1*,2*.

Studies. P. 1, 2: R. P. 1, 2.

Social science series. R. P. 1.
Science series. I. U. 1+: P. 1 + -
Mittheilungen tiber dungimgsversuche. Berlin, Germany. Exp. 1, 2.
Modern electrics. Detroit, Mich. G. 5+.
Modern medicine. N. D. 2*.

Modern miller. St. Louis, Mo. Exp. 34*, 35*, 36+.
Molkerei Zeitung. Berlin, Germany. Exjo. 20, 21*. 22+.
Molkerei Zeitung. Hildesheim. Exp. 25*, 27+.

Monatshefte fur Mathematik und Physik. Vienna, Austria. I. LT. 20+.
Monde des plantes. Le Mans, France. N. D. II. 14+.
Monist. Chicago, 111. I. U. 1 + .

Moniteur du jardin botanique de Tiflis (Russia). N. D. 25+.
Montana. Agricultural ex^Deriment station. Bozeman.

Annual report. D. 10, 11 : Exp. 1+ : N. D. 19 : P. 1+ : S. L. '02-'04, '06-'09,
'11.

Bulletin. D. 52, 54, 55: Exp. 1+: P. 1 + : S. L. '07+*.
Montana college of agriculture and mechanic arts. Bozeman.

Bulletin. N. D. 89+.

Science studies. N. D. 1: P. 1*.
Montana (state) entomologist. Bozeman.

Annual report. Ex]i. 1-9.

308

Montana. Health, State board of.

Biennial report. P. '11, '12.

Bulletin. P. '12+.
Montana. Horticulture, State board of. Missoula.

Biennial report. E.xp. 1, 2, 4, 6: S. L. '00, '04, '06, '08.
Montana (state) horticultural society. Missoula.

Proceedings. Exp. 10, 12, 13.
Montana. Sheep commissioners. Board of.

Annual report. P. '09+.
Montana university. Missoula.

Bulletin biological series. P. 15.
Montevideo (Uruguay). See Museo nacional.

Monthly abstract of medical science. Philadelphia. D. 1*, 2, 3*, 4*, 5*: N.
H. 1, 3*, 4, 6*.

C-.ntinued in Medical news q. v.
Monthly evening skj- map. New York. M. 4+.

Monthly journal of medical science. Edinburgh, Scotland. D. .8-12, 14, 15.
Monthly microscopical journal. London. R. P. l-18|j: W . 1-18||.

Continued as Royal microscopical society, Journal, q.v.

Montreal (Can.) horticultural society.

Annual report. Exp. '77-'83, '85-'87.
Morphologisches Jahrbuch. Leipzig, Germany. L V. 1 + .
Motor. New York. Ft. \V. 16, 18+: G. 19 + .
Muhlenbergia. Reno, Nev. N. D. 5 + .

Miinchener medicinische Wochenschrift. JX'iuiich, Gernu.ny. I. I^ 53+.
Munich (Germany). See Koniglich bayerische etc.; Ornitholcgische (Jcsell-

schaft.
Municipal engineering. Indianapolis, Ind. G. 36+: N. D. 12, 14: P. 2+:

R. P. 22-29,33 + .

Continues Paving and municipal engineering q.v.

Municipal journal and engineer. New York. Ft. W. 30, 32+: G. 34+: M.

10+: R. P. 28+.
Museo dc la Plata. Buenos Aires, Argentine Republic.

Anales. Ac. IL 1'' =.

Revista. Ac. 11-17: N. I). 18+.
Museo de la Plata. La Plata, Argentine Rei)ublic.

Anales. Seccion paleontologica. Ac. 5.

Seccion botanica. Ac. 1.

309

Museo nacional. Buenos Aires, Argentine Republic.

Anales. Ac. III. 4+.

Commimicacioncs. Ac. l'^-'".
Museo nacional de historia natural. Mexico City, Mexico.

La naturaleza. Ac. T'^-is; H. 11-3, s, 6, g, 10^ 2^"' n, S'-i"; III. l'. -. : N. D.
III. 1:+.
Museo nacional. Mexico City, Mexico.

Anales. Ac. 4'' '-.
Museo nacional. Montevideo, Uruguay.

Anales. Ac. 2, 3; IT. P, 4^: N. D. 7+.
Museu Goeldi dc historia natural et ethnographia. Para, Brazil.

Boletin. E.xp. 4-6: N. D. 6+: P. 4*, 5*.
Museu nacional. Kio Janiero, Brazil.

Archives. Ac. 11-15.
Museu paulista. Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Revista. Ac. 4-8.
Museum news. Brooklyn, N. Y. S. L. 3+.
Museum national d'histoire naturelle. Paris, France.

Annals. N. H. 1.

Archives. I. U. 5.

Bulletin. Ac. 11 + .
Museum of foreign literature, art and science. Philadelphia, Pa. N. H.

19-20. 22-23, 39, 47-48, 56-57, 65: W. 2, 4-7, 12, 23-24.
Museum of natural history. Springfield, Mass.

Reports. Ac. '95, '96, '08, '10-'12.
Mycologia. Lancaster, Pa. D. 1 + : Exp. 1+: I. U. 1 + : S. N. 1+: W. 1-2.
Mycologisches Centralblatt. Jena, Germany. Exp. 1 + .
Mysore. Agriculture, State department of. Bangalore.

Bulletin. Exp. 1, 2.

Entomological series. Exp. 1, 2.
General series. Exp. 1, 2.
Mycological series. Exp. 1.

Report of the agricultural chemist. Exp. 2-7, 9.
Naples (Italy). See Zoologische Station.
Napoli (Italy) Universita. Orto hotanico.

BuUettino. N. D. 1 + .
Nashville (Tenn.) journal of medicine and surgery. N. H. 9-11, 12*.
Nassauischer Verein fiir Xatiirkunde. Wiesbaden, Germany.

Jahrbucher. .\c. '99+.

310

Natal (South Africa) agricultural journal. Maritzburg. Exp. 7-9, 11-13,

14*, 1.5*
Natal (South Africa). Agriculture, Department of. Maritzburg.

Annual report. Exp. '02, '04-'06.
Natal (South Africa). Entomologist.

Report. Exp. 1, 2, 5.
National academy of sciences. Washington, D. C.

Annual. P. '63-'66.

Biographical memoirs. I. U. 2, 3, 5+: P. 6: T. H. 2-5.

Memoirs. I. U. 2+: N. D. 8*, 10*: N. H. 6, 8: P. 1 + : R. P. 10+: S. L.
2-10: S. N. 3, 10+: W. 1 + .

Report. P. '63, '82+: S. N. '83-'89, '91, '94, '03, '07.
National association of lioards of {)harmacy.

Proceedings. N. D. '11: P. 5+.
National builder. Chicago, 111. N. H. 44 + .
National conservation association.

Bulletin. P. 3.
National conservation commission.

Bulletin. P. 4.
National conservation congress.

Addresses and proceedings. S. L. '09-'ll.
National creamery buttermaker's association. Elgin, 111.

Annual report. Exp. '00, '02.
National dairy union. Chicago, 111.

Annual report. Ex]^. '94.
National druggist. St. Louis, Mo. P. 18-22, 24, 26-31, 36+.
National eclectic medical association. Rochester, N. Y.

Transactions. S. L. '70, '71.
National electric-light association. New York.

Proceedings. P. '85-'90, '91, '93+.
National engineer. Chicago, 111. S. L. 14*, 15+.
National farmer and stockgrower. St. Louis, Mo. Exp. 21-26.
National fertilizer associations. Middle west soil improvement committee.
Chicago, 111.

Bulletin. Exp. 1-5.
National fruit grower. St. Joseph, Mich. K\p. 10% 14*.
National geographic nuigazine. Washington. D. C. E. 15+: Ft. W. 18*,
19+: G. 17+: I. U. 8, 10-14, 16+: M. 20+: X. I). 18+: P. 18+: S. N.
1 + : T. H. 7+.

311

National hay and grain reporter. Chicago, III. Exp. 14*, 15+.
National hay association.

Annual report. Exp. 9-11.
National grange of the patrons of husbandry. Tippeciuioe City, O.

Circulars. Ex^). 1, 3-7.

Journal of proceedings. Exp. '07, '09, '10.
National irrigation congress.

Proceedings. S. L. '91+: S. X. 12.
National live stock association.

Annual report. Exp. '98+: P. 2, 5-6, 8+.
National live stock journal. Chicago, III. Exp. 3*, 5, 6*, 7, 8*, 10-12: S. L.

'71-'88.
National museum. Melbourne, Australia.

Memoirs. Ac. 1-3.
National nurseryman. Kochester. N. Y. Exp. 15*, 16, 17*, 18, 19*, 20+.
National nut growers' association. St. Louis, Mo.

Proceedings. Exp. 2, 3, 5, 6, 8.
National poultry organization society. London, England.

Quarterly journal. Exp. 4*, 5*, 6*, 7+.
National stockman and farmer. Pittsburg, Pa. Exp. 18-20, 32*, 33+.
Naturae novitates. Berlin. Germany. N. D. 27*, 29*, 32*, 34+.
Natural history society of Glasgow (Scotland).

Transactions. Ac. 5-' ■\ 6'' -, 7^ 8^.
Natural history society of New Brunswick. St. Jolins, New Brunswick.

Bulletin. Ac. 4% 5'- ■', 61-': N. D. 6+.
Natural science. London and New York. D. 1: I. U. 1-15||: S. N. 1-15||.
Naturalist. London, England. X. D. '96-'98, '00.

Naturaliste canadien. Quebec, Canada. Ac 248-S' '-, 25-28, 29i-''- '=-'-, 30,
31, 32'-3' s-'o. '"-, 33-35, 36i' -■ *-'\ 37, 38'-^' «• «-'=, 39'-^: X. D. 7, 9,
10-13, 15-17, 20, 21, 23, 24, 26, 36+.
Nature. London and Xew York. B. 13-46, 48+: D. 37+: Exp. 39, 40*, 41,
86+: F. 50-58: I. U. 1+: X. D. 53-71: X. H. 1-50: P. 1+: R. P. 1+:
S. X. 1 + : T. H. 1 + : W. 1 + .
Nature. Paris, France. R. P. 1 + .
Nature notes. London, England. X'. D. 8.
Nature study review. Xew York. F. 6+: (i. 1 + : X. D. 5+: P. 4 + : S. X.

1+: W. 1 + .
Naturen. Bergen, Norway. X. D. 37+.

312

Naturforschende Gcsellschaft. Basel, Switzerland.

Verhandlungen. Ac. 8', S'- ^ lOi- \ 11-19, 20'-', 21, 22.
Naturforschende Gesellschaft. Bern, Switzerland.

Mittheilungen. Ac. 1073, 1769.
Naturforschende Gesellschaft. Luzern, Switzerland.

INIittheihmgen. I. U. 1, 2.
Naturforschende Gesellschaft in Zurich (Switzerland).

Vierteljahrschrift. Ac. 43i-S W -, 45+: N. D. 57+.
Naturforschender Verein in Brunn (Austria).

Verhandlungen. N. D. 4t.
Naturfreund. St. Petersburg, Russia. N. D. '12+.
Naturhistorische Gesellschaft zu Hannover (Germany).

Jahresbericht. Ac. 44-59.
Naturwissenschaftlich medizinischer Verein in Innsbruck (Austria).

Berichte. Ac. 14, 15, 17, 18, 27-33.
Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein zu Bremen (Germany).

Abhandlungen. Ac. 14^ 15- ^ 16>-^, 17i' =, 18'. =, 19^ 20' • =, 21+: N. D.
21 + .
Naturwissenschaftlicher ^'erein. Frankfort-on-the-Odor, Germany.

Helios. N. D. '13+.
Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein in Hamburg (German}')-

Abhandlungen. Ac. 19^^

Verhandlungen. Ac. III. 10-18.
Naturwissenschaftlicher ^'erein fiir Schwaben und Neuburg. Augsburg,
Germany.

Berichte. Ac. 33-40.
Natyrkundig Tydschrift. See Koninklyke natuurkundige Vereeniging in

Nederlandsch-Indie.
Nautilus. Boston, Mass. N. D. 15+.
Nebraska. Agricultural experiment station. Lincoln.

Annual report. Exp. 1 + : N. D. 26+: R. P. 16, 19, 21, 23: S. L. '91 + *.

Bulletin. D. 19, PXp. 1, 2, 4-45 46*. 47-132, 134+ : N. 1). 123-130, 135+ :
R. P. 38+: S. L. '91 + *.

Research bulletin. D. 1: Exp. 1: X. D. 1+: P. 3.
Nebraska. Agriculture, State board of. Lincoln.

Annual report. Exp. '83-'91, '93-'03, '05-'10.
Nebraska dairymen's association.

Annual report. Exp. 11, 15, 17-25.
t Contains Gregor Mendel's oriRinal paiier <>n plimt hybrids.

313

Nebraska farmer. Lincoln. Exp. 42*, 43*, 44*, 45+.
Nebraska. Farmers' institute convention. Lincoln.

Annual report. Exp. '06, '09.
Nebraska (state) horticultural society. Lincoln.

Annual report. Exp. '85, '86, '89-'93, '95, '97, '00+: F. '72: P. '11 + : S.
L. '89, '90, '92-'98.
Nebraska horticulture. Lincoln. Exp. 1*, 2*, 3 + .
Nebraska university. Lincoln.

Studies. I. U. 3, 4: N. D. 8, 10, 11 + : P. 1-4*: R. P. 2+.
Neues Jahrbuch fiir ]\Iineralogie, Geologie, unci Palaeontologie. Stuttgart,
Germany. L L^. 9+.

Beilage. I. U. 6-32.
Neurologisches Centralblatt. Leipzig, Germany. I. U. 1 + .
Nevada. Agricultural ex-periment station. Reno.

.\imual report. Exp. 1+: P. 4, 5, 14, 16+.

Bulletin. D. 28, 35: Exp. 1+: P. 1-11, 13+: S. L. '08*, '09*.
Nevada. Health, State board of.

Biennial report. P. '03+.
Nevada public service commission. Cnrson City.

Report. X. D. 2+.
Nevada railroad commission. Carson City.

Report. N. D. 5+.
Nevada university. Reno.

Studies. I. U. 1 + : P. 1 + .
New Albany (Ind). medical herald. P. 15, 16*.
New England association of chemistry teachers.

Aimual report. Exp. 28.
New England farmer. Boston. S. L. 1-14.
New England zoological club. Cambridge, Mass.

Proceedings. Ac l^-"' 59-64_
New Hampshire. Agricultural experiment station. Durham.

Annual report. Exp. 1-4, 6+: P. 2+.

Bulletin. D. 23: Exp. 1+: N. D. '13+: P. 1 + : S. L. '10+.

Nature leaf study. Exp. 1-4.

Scientific contributions. Exp. 1+: X. D. 5+: P. 1+.

Technical bulletin. Exp. 1+: P. 2-6.
New Hampshire (state) agricultural society.

Transactions. Exp. '50-'52, '55-'58: S. L. '50-'52, '57-'59.

314

New Hampshire. Agriculture, State liourd of. Concord.

Annual report. Exp. 5, 7, 9-16: P. 2, 5-18, 21 + .
New Hampshire. Forestry commission.

Report. P. '85, '99, '01-'04, '09+.
New Hampshire forests, Society for the protection of.

Report. P. 7, 8.
New Hampshire. Health, State board of. Concoi'd.

Annual report. P. '84, '85, '87-'06.

Sanitary bulletins. Exp. 5*.
New Hampshire horticultural society. Durliam.

Annual report. Exp. '07, '08: P. '07+.
New Jersey. Agricultural experiment station. New Biunswick.

Annual report. Exp. 1-29, 31 + : P. 1+.

Bulletin. Exp. 2-244, 246+: P. 11, 14. 1!) 20, 22-24, 26, 27, 29-36, 38+:
S. L. '98-'02*.

Reports of the soil chemist and bacteriologist. Exp. '92, '06-'09.

Special bulletin. Exp. A-R, T: P. A, C, E, G, I-T.
New Jersey. Agriculture, State board of. Trenton.

Annual report. Exp. 6, 15.
New Jersey. Forest Park reservation commission.

Report. P. 1 + .
New Jersey. Geological survey.

Annual report. E. '84-'90, '92-'09, '11 + : X. D. '84-'90, '93+: X. H.
1, 2: R. P. '69-'71, '75, '77-'82, '85-'90: S. X. '88-'95.

Bulletin. N. D. 3+: R. P. 2+.

Final report of the state geologist. E. 2-4: N. D. 5, 7+.

Water supply report. N. D. '94.
New Jersey. Health, State board of. 'I'renlon.

Annual report. Exp. 22-35: P. 11, 20+.
New Jersey (state) hoiiicultural society, liiverton.

Report. Exp. 12-14, 19, 32-36: P. 27-29.
New Jersey (state) live stock conjmission. Xcw Kiiinswick,

Annual re|)ort. Exp. 1, 2.
New London Mechanics' register and magazine of science aTid the useful arts.

London, iMiglaiid. X. H. 1, 2.
New Mexico. Agricultural experiment station. .Mesilla P;irk.

.\nnual repoit. lOxp. 1 + : P, 1 + .

liulU'liii. lixp. H : X. D. 3. 13, 2!t, 30, II, .")(;, 5<l-f : I'. 1 + .

315

New Mexico university. Albuquer(|Ue.

Bulletin. Biological series. Ac. 3'-'' '•', 4'.
Catalogue series. Ac. 16-18, 20.
Educational series. Ac. V '.
Geological series. Ac. S'.
Language series. Ac. !'• '-.
Physics series. P. 1*.
New Orleans (La.). Sewerage and water board.

Report. P. 15 + .
New phytologist. London, England. E.xp. 10+: L U. 4-8, 10+.
New preparations. Detroit, Mich. D. 1*, 3.

Continued as Therapeutic gazette q. v.
New remedies. New York. D. 5, 6*: P. 7-12Ji: R. P. 1, 2.

Continued as American druggist and pharmaceutical record q. v.
New South Wales agricultural gazette. X. D. 24+: P. 16+.
New South Wales. Agriculture, Department of. Sydney.
Bulletin. Exp. 1-4.
Farmers bulletin. Exp. +6, 11-13, 15-17, 19, 20, 27-31, 33, 35, 36, 38-40,

43, 45-47, 59, 62+.
Science bulletin. Exp. 1-6, S: N. D. 7.
New South Wales. Agriculture and forests. Department of. Sydney.

Annual report. Exp. '94, '95, '98, '00, '07.
New South Wales. Botanic gardens and government donuiins. Sydney.

Annual report. Exp. '07-'ll.
New South Wales. Geological survey.

Mineral resources. S. L. 6+.
New South Wales. !Mines and agriculture. Department of. Sydney.

Annual report. Exp. '95.
New York City. See American institute; Central Park managerie.
New York (city) academy of medicine.

Transactions. P. II. 3-10.
New York (city) academy of sciences. New York.

Annals. Ac. 3^' ", 4'-8' "^'-, 5-9, 10'-i=, 11, 13'-', 14'-^, 15'-', 17+.
Transactions. Ac. 2'-8, 3, 4, 5l-^ 6-8, 9'-«, 10^-^, n^\
New York (state). Agricultural experiment station. Geneva.
Annual report. Exp. 1 + : N. D. 1, 2, 3: P. 1 + .

Bulletin. D. n. s. 86, 94, 100, 101, 119, 120, 122-125, 130, 131, 133, 136,
138-140, 143, 144, 159, 161-164, 167, 170, 172: Exp. 1+: P. 1 + .

316

Meteorological observatory. Exp. '71 -'80, '89, '90, '92*, '93*, '95*, '97*,

'04*, '05, '06, '07*, '08*, '09, '10, '11, '12*+.
Technical bulletin. E.xp. 1+: P. 1 + .
New York (state). Agricultural experiment station (Cornell). Ithaca.
Annual report. Exp. 1-10, 12+: P. 1-5, 7-15, 16+.
Continued in Medical news q. v.

Bulletin. D. 142, 148, 155, 157, 163, 164, 168, 170, 172, 176, 180, 185-187,
190, 192, 193, 207, 208, 219 227, 233, 234, 239, 240, 249-251 2.54. 255:
Exp. 1-318, 321, 323, 326+: X. D. 94, 227: P. 1+.

Cornell rural school. Exp. 1*, 2+.

Memoirs. P. 1+.
New York (state) agricultural society. Albany.

Transactions. D. 9, 27: Exp. 8-13, 15-34, 43-46, 51-52: P. 10, 14, 25-27,
29, 30, 32-34, 57-59.
New York (state). Agriculture, De])artment of. Albany.

Annual report of the commissioner. Exp. 2*, 3-10, 15-19: X. D. '11:
P. 5-7, 9, 11, 12, 15+.

Bulletin. Exp. 1, 2, 6, 9, 12, 14, 18, 21-29: P. 8, 9, 12-14, 16-18, 20-27,
29-35, 37-39, 41, 45+.
New York (state). Bargecanal. SeeNew York (state). Consulting engineers,

Advisory board of.
New York (city) botanical garden. New York.

Bulletin. Ac. 7+: Exp. 1 + : N. D. 21.

Contributions. P. 90, 95.

Journal. Exp. 1*. 2*, 3*: P. 3*.

Memoirs. I. U. 4.
New York (state) college of agriculture Itliaca.

Bulletin. N. D. 2, 12, 29, ,37, 41, 42, 226, 229, 307.
New York (state). Consulting engineers, Advisory board of.

Bulletin. R. P. 1 + .

Report on barge canal. P. 1, 3+ : R. P. '07.
New York (state). Dairy commission. .Albany.

Annual report. Exp. 4, 6-8: P. 7, 9.
New York (state) dairymen's association.

Aimual report. Exp. 6, 9, 11, 13. 30-34.
New York (>clectic medical and surgical jounuU. New ^'ork. D. 5*, G, 7, 8*.
New York (state) engineer and surveyor.

Aiimiai report. I'. '00-'04: R. P. '03, '05+.

I

317

New York (city) entomological society. New York.

Journal. Ac. 8^' '■ ^ 9'-S lO'-^.
New York (state) entomologist.

Report. Exp. 1, 2, 4-26: P. 1-2, 4-13, 15-26.
New York (state) farmers. New York.

Proceedings. Exp. '82-'13: S. L. '93+.
New York (state) farmers' institute. Albany.

Aimual report. Exp. '00, '01, '07-'10: P. '01, '03-'05, '07+.
New York (state). Forest commission. Albany.

Annual report. Exp. '94.
New York. Forest, fish, and game commission. Albany.

Aimual report. Exp. '98, '07-'10: N. H. 1-6: P. '02-'06.

Bulletin. P. 2, 3, 5.
New York. Forest preserve board.

Amiual report. N. H. 4.
New York (state) fruit growers' association.

Annual report. Exp. 4-6, 8-10, 12+.
New York (state). Geological survey.

Annual report. P. 4-6, 9: R. P. '83.
New York (city). Health department. Research laboratory.

Annual. P. '02+.

Collected studies. I. U. 1 + .
New York (state). Health, Board of.

Annual report. P. '80-'05, '07+: R. P. '90.

Monthly bulletin. P. '07+.
New York (city) mathematical society. New York.

Bulletin. D. 1-3||: L U. 1-3||: P. 1-3||.

Continued as American mathematical society q. v.

New York medical journal. New Y'ork. D. 12, 13, 14*, 15*, 16*, 17, 18*,
19-25: I. U. 78: P. 51-63, 74, 79-86*: T. H. 41-54, 67-70, 90+.

New York (city) microscopical society. New Y^ork.

Journal. Ac. !'• ^-^. 2'- '-'• '■ »a, 3, i'-\ 5'-\ 6=-^ T- -■ *.
New York state museum. Albany, N. Y.

Annual report. Exp. '94, '95*, '96, '97*, '98: I. U. 22, 23, 39, 41, 45-62:
P. 20, 27-28, 41-43, 49*+: R. P. 13, 15-31.

318

BuUetui. D. 38, 47, 54, 67. 68, 70, 75, 86, 94, 105, 116, 429, 450: Exp. 5,
13, 20. 23, 26, 27, 31, 36, 37, 46, 47, 53, 59, 64, 72, 74. 76, 79, 86, 97, 103,
104, 109, 110, 124, 129, 134, 136, 141, 147, 155, 156: I. U. 44, 69, 80, 85:
N. D. 158, 450, 470, 492, 493, 495, 496, 514+ : P. 40, 49-62, 64+.

Memoirs. N. D. 14*.
New York jwoduce review and American creamery. .\e\v ^'ork. Exp. 23*,

29*, 30*. 31*, 34+.
New York (state). Public service commission — First district. New York
City.

Report. P. '07+: R. P. '08+.
New York (state). Public service commission — Second district. Albany.

Report. N. D. 6+: P. '07+.
New York railroad club.

Proceedings. P. '88+*: R. P. 11, 12.
New York (state) science teachers' association.

Proceedings. S. N. '07+.
New York state reservation commission of Niagara. Albany, X. 'i'.

Report. N. D. 1-14, 17, 20+.
New York tribune farmer. New York. E.xp. 9*, 10*, 11*, 12+.
New York (state) veterinary college. Ithaca.

Abstracts of work done in laboratory. P. 1 + .

Report. Ex]). '08-'ll.
New York (state). Weather bureau.

Annual report. R. P. '93-'9G.
New York (state). Water supply commission.

Annual report. P. 4+.

Contract drawings and specifications. R. P. 1 + .
New Zealand. Agriculture, Department of. Wellington.

Annual report. Exp. 2-4, 7+: P. 13+.

Bulletin. Exp. n. s. 1-6, 8, 9, 11-15, 17, 20, 21, 23+.

Journal. Exp. 1 + .
New Zealand. Hiologj^ Division of. Wellington.

liullctin. ivxj). 13, 14, 20, 22, 23.
New Zealand. Biology and horticultui-c. Division of.

Annual report. Exp. 12-17: P. '02-'09.

Bulletin. Exp. 3-19.

Technical papers. Exp. 1.
New Zealand. Biology and pomology, Division of.

Annual ro|)ort. Exp. 4, 5, 8, 10.

319

New Zealand. Chemistry, Division of.

Annual report. Exp. '03, '05, '07, '09.

Bulletin. Exp. 1, 2.
New Zealand. Dairying, Division of.

Annual report. Exp. '94, '95, '04, '05.

Bulletin. Exp. 7-14.
New Zealand. Live stock and meat, Division of.

Annual report. Exp. '10.
New Zealand. Poultry, Division of.

Annual report. Exp. '06.
New Zealand. Veterinary science. Division of.

Bulletin. Exp. 8, 12, 13, 15.
New Zealand dairyman farmers' union. Wellinp;ton.

Journal. Exp. 13*.
New Zealand experimental station. Wellington.

Annual report. Exp. '05, '08, '09.
Niles national register. Washington, D. C. X. H. \. 4-11.
Norske videnskabers selskab. See Korgelige norske, etc.
North American notes and queries. Quebec, Canada. Ac. 1'' -.
North Carolina. Agricultural experiment station. West Raleigh.

Annual report. Exp. 2+: P. 2-6, 7, 9+: R. P. 16-19, 23, 26-29.

Bulletin. D. 93, 94, 99, 100, 103, 105, 108, 138, 141, 144, 145, 174: Exp.
57+: P. 57+: R. P. 23-31, 93-194.

Meteorological reports. Exp. 5-9: P. 4, 7-8.

Special bulletins. Exi^. 2. 6. 7, 9, 11, 12-15, 17, 19-22, 25-27, 29, 32, 35, 37,
38,42-46, 51 + .

Technical bulletins. Exp. 1-7: P. 2-7.
North Carolina. Agriculture, State board of. Raleigh.

Bulletin. Exp. 21*. 22, 23*. 24*. 25*. 26*. 27*. 28*, 29*, 30-32, 33*, 34+:
P. 23 + .
North Carolina. Crop pest commission. Raleigh.

Circular. Exp. 10. 11, 18, 19, 22, 23, 25, 26.
North Carolina farmers' institute. Raleigh.

Annual report. Exp. '05-'07, '09, '11, '12.
North Carolina. Geological and natural history survey.

Report. X. D. '67.
North Carolina. Health, State board of. Raleigh.

Bulletin. P:xp. 2*. 3*. 4*, 16*.

320

North Carolina student farmer. West Raleigh. Exp. 1*, 2*.
North Dakota. Agricultural experiment station. Fargo.

Annual report. Exp. 1+: P. 1-9, 11 + .

Biennial report. Exp. 7+.

Bulletin. D. 52: E.xp. 1+: N. D. 87-89, 91, 94+: P. 1 + .

Reports Dickinson sub-experiment station. Exp. 1 + .

Reports Williston sub-experiment station. Exp. 1 + .
North Dakota. Agriculture and labor, Connnissioner of. Bismarck.

Biennial report. Exp. 5, 7: P. 10+.

North Dakota magazine. P. 2*, 4*.
North Dakota better farming a.ssociation.

Bulletin. E.xp. 10, 12.
North Dakota (state) dairymen's association.

Amiual report. Exp. 1, 16.
North Dakota. Geological survey.

Biennial report. T. U. 4+ : P. 2+ .
North Dakota (state) live stock association.

Annual report. Exp. 1-3.
North Dakota school of forestry.

Bulletin. P. 1.
North Dakota. Stallion registration board.

Bulletin. P. ] + .
North Dakota university. Fargo.

Quarterly journal. N. D. 1, 2*, 3+: P. 1.
Nor;h Jersey society for the promotion of agriculture.

Proceedings. Exp. '11, '12.
Northwest fruit growers' association.

Proceedings. Exp. 7, 8.
Northwest horticulturist. Seattle, Wash. Exp. 20', 21*, 22, 23, 24*. 25+.
Northwestern agriculturist. Minneapolis, Minn. Exp. 23*, 24*.
Northwestern dairyman. St. Paul, Minn. Exj). 1*, 2, 3*.
Nouvelles annales de mathematicjues. Paris, France. I. U. 9+.
Nova Scotia farmers' association.

Proceedings. Exp. 14, 15.
Nova Scotian institute of natural science. Halifax.

I'r()ce(>dings and transactions. Ac. 7-11, 12'-', 13'--
Nuova notarisi;i. Modena, Italy. N D. 24 + .
Nuovo iiiorn.-de l)ofain"co italiano. Florence, Kaiv. X. D. '12+.

321

Nut grower. Waycross, Ga. Exp. 1*, 2*, 3*, 4*, 5*, 7-1], 12* + .
Nyt magazin for natur widenskabenip. Christiana, Norway. N. D. 49+.
Nyt Tidskrift fiir Mathomatik. Copenhagen, Denmark. I. U. 21 + .
Oberlin (O.) college.

].aboratory bulletin. Exp. 1-6, 8-10: P. 3, 11-15.

Wilson bulletin. Ac. 14+ : Exp. 4-12, 14-29: P. 14 + .
Observatory. London, England. D. 8+: I. V. 7, 11-14, 23+: W. IG, 19, 21, 22.
Observer. Portland, Conn. X. D. 2*, 3, 4*-8*.

Continued as Popular science news q. v.
Obstetric gazette. Cincinnati, O. D. 1*, 2*, 3, 4*, 5, 6, 7*, 8, 9: P. 10-12*.
Obstetrical journal of Great Britain and Ireland with an American supplement.

Philadelphia, Pa. D. 5*, 6*: N. H. 1-7.
Ohio (state) academy of science. Columbus.

Annual report. Ac. '00-'06: I. U. 5.

Proceedings. X. D. 5*.

Special papers. Ac. 3-13.
Ohio (state) agricultural college. Columbus.

Agricultural extension bulletins. Exp. 1*, 2*: X. D. 1*, 2''+.

University bulletin. Exp. 6*, 8*, 15*, 17*: X. D. 8*+.
Ohio agricultural station. Columbus.

Bulletin. S. L. '97*+.
Ohio. Agricultural experiment station. Wooster.

Amiual report. Exp. 1+: P. 1 + .

Bulletin. D. II. 3, 5-7, 12, 19-22, 25, 28 47, 49, 51-60, 62-70, 72-74, 76-88,
90, 91, 93-109, 111-122, 12+148, 150-155, 157-215, 218-224, 226-237,
240-248, 250+ : Exp. 1-40, 42-238, 240-248, 250-252, 256+: P. 1 + .

Technical series. Exp. 1*: P. 1.
Ohio. Agriculture, State board of.

Annual report. D. 33: Exp. II. 6, 9, 12-52, .54, .57, 59-61 : P. 5, 6, 18, 21-29,
31, 33-36, 55, 56, 58-63.

Official bulletin. P. 1-3. .,
Ohio cultivator. Columbus. S. L. 1, 2, 6, 10, 11.
Ohio. Dairy and food commissioner. .Springfield.

Annual report. Exp. 10, 18.
Ohio (state) dairymen's association.

Annual report. Exp. 7, 13.
Ohio engineering societv.

Proceedings. P. 4-10, 12-13, 15-22, 25-28.

21—1019

322

Ohio farmer. Cleveland. Exp. 123, 124*, 125, 126*, 127+ : S. L. 37-112.
Ohio. Fanners' institutes. Coliimbus.

Annual report. Exp. 6, 17: P. 7-17.
Ohio (state) forestry bureau.

Report. 2, 3, 5: I. U. 3, 4: P. 4.
Ohio. Geological survey.

Bulletin. P. IV. 1+: R. P. 1 + .

Report. D. 1-4, 6, 7: E. 1-3, 7: N. D. 2: R. P. '68, '70, '73-'75: T. H.
1-4, 6.

Report. (Third organization.) E. 1 : I. U. 1-6. 9-13, 16+.
Ohio. Health, State board of. Columbus.

Annual report. Exp. 22: P. '86-'88, '91-'94, '96, '99+.
Ohio. Highway department.

Annual report. P. 'OO-'IO.
Ohio (."tate) horticultural Fociely. Columbus.

Report. Exp. 23, 24, 29, 32-34: S. I . '90, '91, '94-'96.
Ohio mechanics' institute. Cincinnati.

Quarterly journal. P. 1-5.
Ohio medical journal. Columbus, O. D. 1*.

Continued as Columbus medical journal q. v.

Ohio medical recorder. Columbus, O. D. 1*, 2*, 3*, 4*, 5.

Ohio naturalist. Columbus, O. Exp. 1+: N. D. 1 + .

Ohio (state) railroad and public utilities commission. Columbus.

Report. N. D. '12+
Ohio society of sui'veyors and civil engineers.

.\nnual report. R. P. '94.
Ohio (state) topographic survey.

Repou. P. '03.
Oil, paint and drug reporter. New York. Exp. 64 + .
Oklahoma academy of science. Norman.

Proceedings. Ac. '09, '10.
Oklahoma. A<iricu!tui'al exi)eriinent station. Stillwater.

Annual report, Exp. 1+: P. 3. 6, 8+: S. 1,. '00-'06*.

Bulletin. Exi). 1-98, 100+: P. 1 + : S. L. 'i)i)-'09*.
Oklahoma, .\griculture. State board of. (iutliric-.

Biennial repoi't . l']xp. 1: P. 1, 2.
Oklahoma. Agriculture, Terrilori;)! hoard ol. (iuthnc.

Biennial icpoit . l']xp. 1, 2: P. 2.

328

Oklahoma (state) dairvmen's association.

Annual report. Exp. 1, 3, 4.
Oklahoma farm journal. Oklahoma City. Exp. 18, 19*, 20+.
Oklahoma 'state). Geological survej .

Bulletin. I. U. 7, 8: P. 1-3, 5+.

Circular. P. 1 + .
Oklahoma university.

Research bulletins. N. D. 1+: P. 1 + .
Ontario. See also Canada horticultural societies; Poultry association of Ontario;

Vegetable growers' association.
Ontario agricultural and experimental union. Toronto.

Annual report. Exp. 19+: P. 8-10, 19+: S. L. '04+.
Ontario agricultural college and exijerimental farm. Toronto.

Annual report. Exp. 5-13, 16-22, 24+: P. 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 18-26, 28+:
S. L. '04+.

Bulletin. Exij. 6, 9, 11-1.3, 1.5-17. 19-21, 23-32, 36-41, 43, 48-75, 77, 80-88,
90-9.5, 97-105. 107-140, 142-169, 171, 172, 17+184, 186-299, 211 + .
Ontario agricultural societies and associations of fairs and exhibitions. Toron-
to.

Annual report. Exp. '02, '06, '08+: P. '08+.
Ontario. Agriculture, Department of. Toronto.

Annual report. Exp. '88-'93, '94*, '95-'04, '08, '09.

Bulletin. S. L. '96+*.

Report of fmit branch. P. '08+.
Ontario bee keepers' association. Toronto.

-Annual report. Exp. '00, '02-'08, '11+: P. '08-'10.
Ontario butter and cheese association. Toronto.

Annual report. Exp. '97-'99.
Ontario corn growers' association. Toronto.

Annual report. Ex-p. 1+: P. 1 + .
Ontario dairj'men's association. Toronto.

Annual report. Exp. '92, '94, '96, '01 + : P. '92+.
Ontario entomological society. Toronto.

Annual report. Exp. 17, 27, 28, 30+: P. 9, 12, 20, 22-24. 27-32, 37+.
Ontario. Farmers' institutes. Superintendent of.

Report. Exp. '91+: P. '94+.
Ontario. Fruit experiment station.

Annual report. Exp. 6+: P. 1 + .

Report of fruit branch. Exp. 1 + : P. 1+.

324

Ontario fruit trrowers' association. Toronto.

Annual report. Exp. 32-40, 42+: P. 14+.
Ontario. Hortioultiu-al societies.

Annual report. P. 1 + .
Ontario hydro-electric power commission. Toronto.

Report. X. D. 1 + .
Ontario. Industries, Bureau of. Toronto.

Annual report. Exp. '91 + .

Bulletin. Exp. 24 30 31, 30-41, 43-45, 47-51, 53-69. 71-87, 89-93, 95,
96, 98, 100+ : P. 43, 47, 48, 50-52, 5+79, 87 + .
Ontario land surveyor's association.

Proceedings. P. 6-26.
Ontario live stock association. Toronto.

Report. Exp. '95, '96, '98+: P. '95, '00+.
Ontario municipal and railway board. Toronto.

Report. N. D. 4 + .
Ontario naiural science bulletin. N. D. 4.
Ontario registrar of live stock. Toronto.

Report. Exp. '01 -'04.
Ontario sheep-breeders' and swine-breeders' association. Toronto.

Report. Exp. '91-'94: P. '90-'94.
Ontario. .Special investigation on horse-breeding. Toronto.

Report. Exp. '06.
Ontario vegetable growers' association.

Annual report. P. 1 + .
Ontario veterinary college. Toronto.

Report. Exp. '09-'ll.
Operative miller. Chicago, 111. Exp. 16*, 17*: V. 9-16.

Orange Judd farmer. Chicago, 111. Exp. 47-49, .50*, 51, 52*, 53+: S. L. 2-43.
Orange Judd northwest farmstead. Minneapolis, INIinn. Exri. 36*.
Orange River Colony. Agriculture, Department of. Blocinfontcin.

Aniiuid I'cport. Exp. 1, 3, 4.

Bulletin. Exp. 8, 17, H), 20, 23.
Oregon (state) agricultural college. Salem; Cor\-allis.

Bulletin. Exp. 07.

Extension bulletin. lOxi). 1, 2, 7.

Report. iv\p. '06-'08: S. L. '76-'95.

325

Oregon. Agricultural experiment station. Corvallis.

Annual report. Exp. '89-'92, '96.

Bulletin. Exp. 1+: P. 2+: S. L. '09-'10.
Oregon agriculturist. Portland. Exp. 18*, 19*.
Oregon (state) conservation commission. Salem.

Report. N. D. '12+: P. '09+.
Oregon. Dairy and food commission.

Biennial report. P. '08-'10.
Oregon. Desert land board.

Report P. ,5.
Oregon. (State) engineer.

Report. N. D. 2+: P. 2+.
Oregon (state) horticultural society. Portland.

Annual report. Exp. 24, 25.
Oregon. Horticulture, State board of. Salem; Portland.

Biennial report. Exp. 2, 3, -5-11: S. L. '98, '02, '04, '06.
Oregon (state) medical society.

Proceedings. S. L. '77-'79, '81, '83.'85, '91.
Oregon. Stallion registration board.

Annual report. P. 1 + .
Oregon (state) imiversity. Eugene.

Bulletin. P. n. s. 3*: N. D. 3*, 4*, 10*.
Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bayern. Munich, Germany. Ac. 5+.
Ornithologischer Verein. Munich, Germany.

Jahresbericht. S. L. '01, '02.
Ornithologisches Jahrbuch. Halle, Austria. Ac. 9, 12, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21 +
Osterreichische botanische Zeitschrift. Vienna, Austria. N. D. 63+.
Ottawa (Canada) naturalist. Ac. 1-15*: N. D. 25+.

Oxford, Cambridge and Dublin messenger of mathematics. Cambridge,
England. D. 1-5||: I. U. 1-5||.
Continued as Messenger of mathematics q.v.
Pacific dairy review. San Francisco, Cal. Exp. 12*, 13, 14*, 15*, 16*. 17+
Pacific pharmacist. San Francisco, Cal. N. D. 2*-6*.

Pacific rural press. San Francisco, Cal. Exp. 74*, 75*, 76*, 77-80, 81*, 82+
Page's weekly. I.ondon, England. P. 1 + .
Paginas illustradas. San Jose, Costa Rica. Ac. 2, 3, 11, 12, 14, 15, 18, 30,

34-37, 47, 50-53.
Palermo (Italy). See Circolo matematico.

326

Para (Brazil). See Museu Goeldi.

Paris. See Academic des sciences; Ecole polytechiiique; Museum national &c.

Park and cemetery and landscape gardening. Chicago, 111. Exp. 15*, 16,

17*, 19*, 20*, 21*, 22+
Pavia (Italy) universita. Instituto botanico. N. D. '09+.
Peabody academy of science. Salem, Mass.

Annual report. S. L. '72.
Peabody museum of American archaeology and ethnology. See Harvard

university.
Peninsula horticultural society. Dover, Del.

Transactions. Exp. '88-'94, '96, '97, '99-'06: P. '88, '91-'94, '96, '97, '02,
'03, '07+.
Pennsylvania. Agricultural experiment station. State College.

Annual report. Exp. '86+: P. '86-'90, '92+.

Bulletin. D. 17, 20: Exp. o. s. 1-16; n. s. 1+: P. n. s. 2+.
Pennsylvania (state) agricultural society.

Report of transactions. Exp. 1: S. L. 7, 9.
Pennsylvania. Agriculture, Department of.

Annual report. Exp. 1, 2, 4*, 5, 6, 7*, 8-17: P. 2, 3*, 4*, 5+.

Bimonthly bulletin. Exp. 1*, 2.

Bulletin. Exp. 3, 6, 8, 10, 11, 17, 19, 21-24, 27-32, 3+38, 40, 41, 43-49, 51,
52, 5+69, 71-77, 79-81, 83, 84, 86-100, 102-107, 109-162, 16+167, 169, 171,
172, 174-210, 212+: P. 14, 16, 20, 21, 26, 36,39,52-69, 71-101, 103, 106,
107, 109+ .

Monthly bulletin. Exp. 1*, 2*, 3*, 4*, 5-7, 8*, 9+.

Zoological bulletin. P. 5.

Zoological quarterly. Exp. 1*, 2*, 3*.
Pennsylvania. Agriculture, State board of.

Annual report. Exp. 2-11, 15-18, 32, 34+ : P. 7, 11-16.
Pennsylvania. Dairy and food division.

Bulletin. P. 1*, 2*, 3+.

Annual report. Exp. '05.
Pennsylvania dairy union. State College.

Annual report. Exp. 8, 11.
Pennsylvania. Factory inspector.

Annual report. Exp. '10, '11.
Pennsylvania farmer. Philadelphia. Exp. 31*, 32+.

327

Pennsylvania. Fisheries, Department of.

.Annual report. Exp. '08-' 11.

Bulletin. Exp. 8.
Pennsylvania forestry association.

Annual report. Exp. '01, '02, '05-'ll.
Pennsylvania (state) forestry department.

Report. P. '01, '02, '0.i-'09.
Pennsylvania. Game commissioner.

Annual report. Exp. '09, '11.

Bulletin. Exp. 1, 2.
Pennsylvania. Geological survey.

Report. P. 1-3: R. P. '74-'86.
Pennsylvania. Health, State board of. Harrisburg.

Annual report. Exp. 4: P. '86-'01.

Bulletin. Exp. 14-31, 34, 36-39.
Pennsylvania. Health, Commissioner of.

Annual report. P. '05-'09.
Pennsylvania (state) hospital for the insane. Pathological laboratory. Nor-
ristown.

Annual report. Exp. 10.
Pennsylvania (state) live stock breeders' association.

Proceedings. Exj). 6, 7, 12.
Pennsylvania. Live stock sanitary board.

Circular. Exp. 12: P. 12, 16, 18.
Pennsylvania. Mines, Department of.

Annual report. Exp. '09-'ll.
Pennsylvania. Pharmaceutical examination board.

Annual report. Exp. 23, 24: N. D. 23.
Pennsylvania. Public charities, Board of.

Annual report. Exp. '09-'ll.
Pennsylvania state college. School of engineering.

Engineer. P. 2*, 3*.
Pennsylvania. Topographic and geologic sui'vey commission.

Preliminary report. Exp. 5.

Report. Exp. '08-'10.
Pennsylvania university. Botanical laboratory. Philadelphia.

Contributions. I. U. 4-^: N. D. 2-f .

328

Pennsjivania university. Zoological laboratory. Philadelphia.

Contributions. I. U. 10, 11*. 13, 17: P. 1*.
Pennsylvania. Water supply commission.

R?port. P. '08, '09.
Periodico cientifico del museo nacional de historia natural y de la sociednd
Ale.xicana de historia natural. See Sociedad Mexicana de historia
natural.
4*eru. Cuerpole de ingeniaros de minas. Lima.
Boletin. S. L. 1-21, 2.5-54, 56-59, 62-74, 76+.
Pharmaceutical era. Detroit, Mich. N. D. 28*-43*, 45*: P. 1-8, 13-21, 23,

25+*.
Pharmaceutical journal and transactions. London, England. P. 41-45.
Pharmaceutical record. New York. P. 5-10, 12-15|j.

Merged with American druggist q. v.

Philadelphia (Pa.). See Academy of natural sciences; Geographical society.
Philadelphia (Pa.). Health, Bureau of .

Annual report. P. '96-'08.
Philadelphia (Pa.) medical journal. P. 8.
Philadelphia (Pa.) museums.

Annual report. N. D. '04, '05, '07. '08, '10: P. '04, '05, '07, '08, '10, '11.
Philippine agricultural review. Manila. Exp. 1*, 2*, 4*, 5*, 6+: N. D. 1 + :

P. 1 + .
Philippine Islands. Agriculture, Bureau of.

Bulletin. Exp. 22, 23.
Philippine Islands. Ethnological survey.

Publications. P. 1*, 4*.
Philippine Islands, Forestry, Bureau of. Manila.

Annual r(>port. Exp. '02, '04.

Bulletin. l']xp. 1.
Philippine Islands. Laboratories, Bureau of government. Manila.

Bulletin. S. N. 1-3, 8, 15, 17-28, 30-36.
Philippine Islands. Science, Bureau of. Manila.

.Annual icport. Exp. 4, 5: N. D. 1 + .

Bulletin. Exp. 1, 2, 4-6, 8, 13-20.

Mineral resources. Exp. '07-'ll.
Philippine journal of science. Manila. Exp. 1, 2, 3*, 4+: N. D., 00: P. (all
ser.)3+.

Supplements. Exj). 1-5.

.S2!)

Phillips academy. Archaeology, Department of. Andover, Mass.

Huiletin. X. D. 1 + .
Philosophical magazine and journal of science. London. England. 1. V. IV.
1-50; V. 1-50; M. 1-8, 10+: N. D. '09: N. H. I. 34, 39, 41-43*: P.
V. 25+: R. P. V. 1-4, 14+: W. VI. 5+.
Photo-beacon. New York. Ft. W. 19: N. D. 7, 8, 9*. 10*, 12*, 13-19.

Continues in American amateur photographer q. v.
Photo era. Boston, Mass. Ft. W. 28+: C. 29 + . R. P. 6-8, 24+: T. H. 17+.
Photographic bulletin, Anthony's. New York. R. P. '00*.
Photographic times. New York. L. P. 39*, 40*: R. P. 17-42*.
Photo-miniature. New York. G. 81 + : I. U. 1 + : R. P. 1-3, 10+: T. H. 1 + .
Phrenological journal and science of health. New York. N. D. 50, 51, 54-57:

N. H. 50-68.
Physical review. New York. D. 1+: E. 24+: I. U. 1+: N. D. '09+: P.

1 + : R. P. 1 + : S. N. 8-13: W. 19+.
Physical society of London.

Proceedings. I. U. 1 + : P. 19+.
Physikalische Zeitschrift. Leipzig, Germany. N. D. '09+: R. P. 6 + .
Physiologic vegetale. Geneva, Switzerland. E.xp. 1-5.
Physio-medical journal. Indianapolis, Ind. M. 1.
Phytopathology. Ithaca, N. Y. D. 1+: I. U. 1+: W. 1 + .
Plant world. New York, Tucson. Ariz. Ac. 6'-«, 7-, 8*, 13': Exp. 13, 14, 15*,

16+: I. U. 8+: P. 11+: W. 8-12.
Plon (Germany) biologische Station. P^orschungsberichte. Stuttgart. I.

U. 1 + .
Plough-boy. Albany, N. Y. S. L. 1-4.
Plumbers' trade journal. New York. Ft. W. 62+.
Polytechnic engineer. Brookljni, N. Y. P. 10, 12.
Pomological and fruit growing society of the province of Quebec.

Annual report. Exp. '09.
Pomona college journal of entomology. Claremont, Cal. Exp. 1*, 2*, 3*,

4*: N. D. 1 + .

Continues as Journal of entomology and zoology.
Pontificia accademia roma dei nviovi Lincei. Rome, Italy. See Accademia

pontificia dei nuovi Lincei.
Popular astronomy. Northfield, Minn. B. 11-14, 16, 17*+: D. 11, 12*, 20+:

E. 1+: F. 10+: I. U. 1 + : N. D. 1 + .
Popular electricity. Chicago, 111. E. 4: Ft. W. 2+: G. 3*, 4*, 5+.

330

Popular mechanics. Chicago, 111. F. 15+: Ft. \V. 14+: G. 12+: L. P. 9+:

M. 11 + : N. H. 15+: S. L. 15+: T. H. 11 + .
Popular science index. M. 1-8.

Popular science monthly. New York. B. 1 + : D. 1 + : E. 1-12, 15-19, 24-29,
31, 32, 34, 36, 37, 40, 41, 43-65, 67+: F. 1-55, 63+: Ft. W. 1, 2, 46+:
G. 74+: I. U. 1 + : L. P. 1+: M. 1 + : N. D. 1-62, 65+: N. H. 1 + : P.
1 + : R. P. 1 + : 8. L. 1 + : S. X. 1 + : T. H. 1 + : W. 1 + .
Supplement. N. D. 1-18.
Popular science news. New York. W. 21-24.

Popular science review. London, England. R. P. 1-13: S. L. 1-20||.
Portefeuille economiciue des machines de I'outillage et du material. Paris,

France. R. P. 12.
Portland society of natural history. Portland, Me.

Proceedings. Ac. 2*' ^- ^-^.
Porto Rico. Agricultural experiment station. Mayaguez.

Annual report. D. '06-'08, '10+: Exp. '01, '04+: R. P. '06, '07: S. L.

'06-'08, 'lO-'ll.
Bulletin. D. 1, 2, 5-8, 10+: Exp. 1, 2, 4+: P. 1 + : R. P. 1-8: S. L. 1-8,
10: S. N. '02+.
Porto Rico sugar planters and producers' association. Rio Piedras.
Annual report. Exp. 2.
Bulletin. Exp. 3.
Portugal. Commissao dos trabalhos geologicos. Lisbon.

Conununicacoes. Ac. 1-5, 6'.
Post graduate. New York. P. 19-21*.
Postelsia. See under Minnesota university.
Poultry association of Ontario. Toronto

Report. Exp. '94, '01.
Poultry digest. New York. Exp. 3*, 4, 5*, 6*.
Poultry fancier. Chicago, 111. Exp. 14*, 15*, 16*.
Poultry world. Hartford, Conn. Exp. 1-10.
Power. New York. Ft. W. 27+: G. 30+: N. D. 20+: P. 13, 20+: H. P

14+: T. n. 24.
Power boating. Cleveland, O. Ft. W. 10+.
Practical dairyman. Rutherford, N. J. Exp. 2*. 3.

Practical druggist and plKirmaceutical review of reviews. New York. P. 29.
Practical engineer. Chicago, 111. Ft. W. 13+: N. 11. 13+: H. P. 13-16.
Practical farmer. Philndelphia, Pa. Exp. 96*, 97*, 98, 99, 100*. 101-104.
105*. 106+ .

331

Prairie farmer. Chicago, III. E.\p. 79*, 80*, 83*, 84+.
Praktische Chemie. Leipzig, Germany. E.xp. 37-40.
Prince Edward Island. Agriculture, Department of.

Annual report. Exp. '05, '10: P. '04.
Prince Edward Island dairy association.

.\nnual report. Exp. '11.
Prince Edward Island. Forestry commissioners.

Report. P. '04.
Prince Edward Island fruit growers' association.

Annual report. Exp. '02-'04, '06+.
Princeton (N. J.) university.

Contributions to philosophy. P. 1*.

Contributions to psychology. P. 1*, 2*.
Producer and consumer. See Farm sense.

Progressive farmer and home builder. Phoenix, Ariz. Exp. 1*, 2*, 3+.
Progressive farmer and southern farm gazette. Memphis, Tenn. Exp. 24*,

25*, 26*, 27 + .
Progressive medicine. Philadelphia, Pa. I. U. 9+.
Psyche. Cambridge, Mass. Ac. 4*, 5*, 6*, 7*: S. N. 2-4.
Psychological bulletin. New York; Lancaster, Pa. E. 1 + : L U. 1+: N. D.

2+:P. 5+:S. N. 1 + : W. 1 + .
Psychological clinic. Philadelphia, Pa. G. 1 + : I. U. 1 + : P. 1 + : S. N. 1+:

W. 1-3.
Psychological index. New York. N. D. 5-7, 9+.
Psychological monographs. New York. I. V. 1 + : S. N. 1 + .
Psychological leview. New York; Baltimore, Md. D. 1 + : N. D. 6, 8, 12+:

P. 15+: S. N. 1 + : W. 5+.
Psychologische Arbeiten. Leipzig, Germany. I. U. 1 + .
Psychologische Studien. Leipzig, Germany. I. U. 1 + .
Psychotherapy. New York. I. U. l + .

Public service journal. See Stone and Webster public service journal.
Purdue agriculturist. Lafayette. Ind. Exp. 4+: P. 1 + .
Purdue engineering review. Lafayette, Ind. P. 1 + .
Purdue university. Lafayette, Ind.

Leaflets on nature study. Exp. '98: P. 1-24||.
Purdue imiversity. Agricultural extension, Department of.

Annual report. P. 1 + .

Bulletins. P. 2-13, 17+.

332

Pure i)ro(lucts. New York. Exp. 1*, 2+: P. 4 + .
Quarterly journal and review. Cincinnati, O. X. H. 1.
Quarterly journal of medical science. Dublin, Ireland. D. 6-8, 16-26.
Quarterly journal of microscopical science. London, England. B. 22-25: D.
n. s. 34-36, 38: I. U. n. s. 32-45: R. P. o. s. 1-8; n. s. 1-14.
The old series was called Journal of microscopical science.
Quarterly journal of pure and applied mathematics. London, England. D.

1-25: I. IT. 1-41, 43+: R. P. 1 + : W. 28.
Quebec. See Dairymen's association of the province of Quebec; Pomological

and fruit growing society of the province of Quebec.
Quebec. Agricultural exjjeriment station. Department of.

Annual report. Exp. '91.
Quebec. Agriculture, ^Minister of.

Annual report. Exp. '09.
Quebec. Lands and forests, Department of.

Report. P. '08, '09.
Queensland (Australia). Agriculture, Department of. Brisbane.

Agricultural journal. Exp. 1*, 2*, 3, 6*, 7*.

Annual report. Exp. '89-'94.

Botany bulletin. Exp. 8, 9, 11, 12.

Bulletin. Exp. I. 1-17, 20-25; IL 1-4.
Queensland museum. Brisbane, Australia.

Annals. Ac. 6-9: N. D. 10-|-.

Memoirs. N. D. l-f-.
Quekett microscopical club. London, England.

Journal. R. P. 1-5.
Radium. Paris, France. I. U. 1 + .
Railroad and engineering journal. New York. R. P. 61-68.

Continued as American engineer and railroad journal q. v.
Railroad (tar journal. New York. P. 7*. 8-11.

Vol. II has title Railroad digest.
Railroad digest. See Railroad car journal.
Railroad gazette. New York. Ft. W. 34*, 35, 36, 37*, 38, 40, 44||: P. 5-44||.

Combined with Railway age (5. v.) and continued as Railway age gazette q. v.

Railway age. Chicago, 111. Ft. W. 40-45|| : P. 22-45||.

Combined with Railroad gazette and continued as Railway age gazette q. v.
Railway age gazette. New York; Chicago, 111. Ft. \V. 48, 50+: C. 46+: P.

45+: R. P. 17+: T. H. 50+.

Continues Railroad gazette q. v.

333

Railway and engineering review. Chieago. 111. N. D. 38-46: P. 33 + .
Railway and locomotive engineering. New ^'ork. Ft. ^^'. 22+: (I. 25+: P.
14+: R. P. 14-16*.

Continues Locomotive engineering q. i<.
Railway maehinery. New York. P. n. s. 1*, 4-5, 6*, 7 + .
Railway master mechanic. Chicago. 111. P. 17*-22*, 23+.
Railway .signal association. Bethlehem, Pa.
Journal. P. 11 + .
Proceedings. P. 1 + .
Real academia de ciencias naturales y artes. Barcelona, .Spain.
Boletin. Ac. V^-^o, 2'> ^-h^ 31-.^

Memorias. Ac. 3, 4'- -• «-"', 5'-", 6'-^^ 7'-", 8'-=', 9', 10'' '-'-+.
Real academia dc ciencias exactas, fisicas y naturales Madrid, Spain.
Annario. Ac. '89, '08, '11-'13.

Memorias. Ac. 12, 13'-\ 14, LS'-^, 18', 20, 21-. 22-25, 26'' -.
Revista. Ac. 1'-^, 2~-=, 3, 4'-e. S'"^' '-'•-, 6 + .
Reale accademia dei Lincei. Rome, Italy.

Atti. Rendiconti delle sedate solenni. Ac. '01 + .
Reale accademia dei Lincei. Rome, Italy. Classe tli scienze fisiche, mate-
matiche e naturali.
Atti. Rendiconti. Ac. 9-22: I. U. V. 20+.

See also Accademia pontificia dei nuovi Lincei.
Note. — "Tlie Accademia dei Lincei, celebrated in the 17tti century, was revived in 1801, but again
expired in 1840. It was renewed, under the auspices of Pope Pius IX. in 1847 as Accademia
pontificia dei nuovi Lincei, and up to 1870 had issued 2.3 vols, of .4tti. Then the academy
changed its name to Reale Accademia dei Lincei, but a portion continued to act under the
former title. Each body continued the series of Atti. In 1875 the Reale Accademia enlarged
its scope, and formed two classes, one for physical and mathematical sciences, the other for
moral and historical sciences. It has published five series of Atti." Bulletin No. 8 of the Free
Library of Philadelphia.
Reale orto botanico e Giardino. Palermo, Italy.

BoUetino. N. D. 11 + .
Records of the past. Washington, D. C. N. H. 5-7, 8*.

Registered pharmacist and drug clerk's journal. Chicago, 111. P. 10, 11*.
Reliable poultry journal. Quincy, 111. Exp. 3*. 4, 9-11, 12*. 13, 14*, 15-17,

19+: Ft. W. 14, 16+.
Rennes (France) imiversite.

Travaux scientifiques. I. U. 1 + .
Repertorium novarum specierum. Berlin. Germany. N. D. 1 + .
Beihefte. N. D. 1 + .

334

Retrospect of practical medicine and surgery. New York. See Braithwaite's

retrospect.
Review of medicine and pharmacy. Detroit, Mich. D. 10, 11*.
Revista de agricultura tropical. Ale.xico City. Exp. 1*, 2*.
Revista industrial y agricola de Tucuman. Argentine Republic. Exp. 1*,

9* Q*

Revista montserratina. Barcelona, Spain. N. D. 4*, 5+.

Revue bretonne de botanique pure and appliquee. Remies, France. N. D.

7 + .
Revue de horticulture Beige et etrangere. Ghent, Belgium. N. D. '13+-
Revue de I'ingenieur et index techniciue. Brussels, Belgium. G. 1-19.
Revue de mathematiques speciales. Paris, France. I. U. 20+.
Revue de mecanique. Paris, France. P. 16+.
Revue dos questions scientifiques. Louvain; Paris, France. X. D. I. 1-10,

15-28: II. 1, 2, 3*, 4*, 5-11, 12*, 13, 14*, 15*, 16, 17*, 18-20; III. 1-11,

12*, 13+.
Revue generale dulait. Lierre, France. Exp. 8+.
Revue international e der gesammte hydrobiologie und hydrographie. I. U.

1 + .
Revue jjhilosophicjue de la France et de I'ctrangcr. Paris, France. I. U.

1-42,49+.
Revue semestrielle des publications mathematiques. Amsterdam, Holland.

I. r. 1-18.
Rhode Island. Agricultural experiment station. Kingston.

Annual report. D. 12, 13: P^xp. 1 + : S. L. '03. '04, '07, '09.

Bulletin. Exp. 1 + : S. L. '02-'09*.
Rhode Island. Agriculture, State board of.

Annual report. Exp. 14-17, 21.

Bulletin. Exp. 1, 2, 7, 9-13.

Farmers' institute report. Exp. '11.
Rhode Island. Birds, Commissioner of.

Aniuial report. P. '11.
Rhode Island. Conservation connnission.

liullctin. P. 1 + .
Rhode Island. Inland fisheries. Commissioners of.

llejjort. P. 41.
Rhode Island. Met rojjoiitan i)ark coininissioiiers.

Report. P. 5, 6.

335

Rhode Island. Public roads, State board of.

Annual report. P. 3+.
Rhode Island. Public utilities commission. Providence.

Report. N. D. '12+.
Rhode Island. Shell fisheries, Commissioners of.

Annual report. P. '91, '92, '94, '95, '99, '00, '0.5+ .
Rhodora. Boston, Mass. X. D. 11 + .

Rider and driver. New York. Exp. 41*, 42, 43*, 44, 45*, 46+.
Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). See Museu nacional.
Rochester (N. Y.) academy of science.

Proceedings. Ac. 1', 2'-\ 3i-\ 4 + : I. U. 1 + .
Rochester (England) naturalist. X. D. 101 + .
Rose technic. Terre Haute, Ind. R. P. 1 + .
Rothamsted experiment station. Herts, England.

Annual report. Exp. '08-'12.

Memoirs on agricultural chemistry and physiology. Exp. 1-6.

Memoranda of origin and results of field and other exjieriments. Exp. '8
'90, '93, '95-'01.

Memoranda of Rothamsted experiments. Exp. '96-'05.
Royal agricultural society of England. London.

Journal. Exp. II. 12-15, 25; III. 2-11.
Royal Asiatic society of Great Britain and Ireland. London.

Journal. Ac. 21'-«, 22, 23'"=. 24', 25, 26, 30, 31 : I. U. '11 + .
Royal astronomical society. London, England.

Memoirs. I. U. 41, 47-49, 53-57, 59+.

Monthly notices. I. U. 1-69.
Royal botanic gardens. Edinburgh, Scotland.

Notes. Exp. '08-'12.
Royal botanic gardens. Kew, England.

Bulletin of miscellaneous information. Exp. '00*-'10*: X. D. '09+.
Royal botanic society of London (England).

Quarterly record. Ac. 3-10*.
Royal geographical society of London.

Geographical journal. D. 42: S. X. 1 + : T. H. 1 + .

Proceedings and monthly record of geography. S. X. 12-14.
Royal geological society of Cornwall. Penzance, England.

Transactions. Ac. 13-~*.
Royal horticultural society of London (England).

Journal. Exp. 26+.

336

Royal institute of Great Britain.

Proceedings. X. H. 9*, 12*.
Royal Irish academ}'. Dublin, Ireland.

Proceedings. N. D. 31.
Roya! Irish society.

Proceedings. I. U. II. sci. 1.
Royal Jersey agricultural and horticultural society. St. Helier, Island of
Jersey.

Annual report. Kxp. '96.
Royal microscopical society. London, England.

Journal. D. '89, '91-'95: I. U. '88-'93: P. '82+: R. P. I. l-II. 1: W. '92.'03.
Royal philosophical society of (llasgow (Scotland).

Proceedings. Ac. 29+.
Royal physical society of Edinburgh (Scotland).

Proceedings. Ac. sessions 115-120, 122-124, 128.
Royal sanitary institute. London, England.

Journal. P. 29+.
Royal society of Canada. Montreal.

Transactions. I. U. I. '82-'94: II. '95-'0G; HI. 1 + - P. II. S*, 9*; III. 1.
Royal society of Edinburgh (Scotland).

Proceedings. Ac. 21 + : R. P. 11-27.

Transactions. I. U. 35*: R. P. 1 + .
Royal society of London (England).

Philosophical transactions. I. U. 1-18; II. 90+: P. 158+: R. P. 1 + :
S. L. 1-131, 133-180.

Proceedings. I. U. ser. A. 1 + ; scr B. 1 + : R. P. 7+: S. L. ser A. 53, 79-83;
ser B. 79-82: W. 72-75; ser A. 76-84; ser B. 76-81.
Royal society of Xew South Wales. Sidney, Austi-nlia.

Journal. .\c. 19-45: I. T. 20-21.
Royal society of (Queensland. Hi'isbane, Australia.

Proceedings. Ac. 13-22.
Rudder. New York. Ft. W. 17, 18*, 19+.
Rugby scliool natural liistory society. Rugby, iMigland.

Report. N.D. '12+.
Rural affairs. Albany, N. Y. Exp. 1-9: P. 1-5.
Rural life. Rochester. X. Y. Exj). 28, 29, 30*.

Rural \<'\v Yorker. Xew York. \<:\\). '75*. "80*, '81*, '84, '86*, '87-'90,
'91*, '92*, '93*, '96*, '97*, '98*, '07*. '08*, '09*, '10+: P. 63+:
S. L. '64-'07.

337

St. Louis (Mo.) academj' of science.

Transactions. Ac. 4'' \ 5'-'. G'-'*, 7'--", 8'-'», ^'^'\ 10'"", 11'-", 12'-"'
13'-^ 14i-\ 1.5'-«, 16'-^ 17' • •-, 18i-«, I91-", 20'-', 211-'+: I. U. 1*, 2,

4, 13+: N. D. 8*, 9*, 10*: N. H. 2*: P. 6*, 14*.
St. Louis (Mo.) railway club.

Proceedings. P. 1 + .
St. Petersburg (Russia). .See Academie imperiale des sciences; Comite geo-

logique; Jardin imperiale botanique.
Sanitary engineer. New York. P. 2*, 3-16||.

Continued as Engineer-ng record, building record and .sanitary engineer q. v.
Sao Paulo (Brazil). Agricultura, commercio e obras publicas, 8ecretaria da

Boletiu. Exp. o. s. 27*, 28*, 29*; n. s. l*-3*, 4, .5, 6*, 7-9, 10*, 11 + .
Sao Paulo (Brazil). 8ee Museu paulista; Sociedad scientifica.
Sao Paulo (Brazil). Instituto agronomico em Campinas.

Annuario. Exp. '90, '92-'9.5.

Boletin. Exp. 9*, 10.
Sarawak museum. Sarawak, Borneo.

Journal. Ac. 1', 2: X. D. 1 + .

Report. Ac. '10, '11: X. D. 9+.
Saskatchewan. .Vgricultuie, Department of. Regina.

Annual report. Exp. '10.
School arts book. Worcester, Mass. P. 11 + : S. X. 4-8, 10+.
School of mines ciuarterly. X^ew York. I. V . 12+.
School of science and mathematics. Chicago, 111. E. 9+: F. 13+: I. U. 3+

N. D. 1, 8, 13+: P. 1 + : S. N. 1 + .
Schweizerische botanische flesellschaft. Bern, Switzerland.

Berichte. Ac. 14 + .
Schweizerische naturforschende Cesellschaft. Basel, Switzerland.

Verhandlungen. Ac. 75, 77, 79-81, 83, 84, 87-89, 91. 93, 94' ■ =.
Also called Societe helvetiquc des sciences naturelles q. v.

Science. New York D. o. s. 1-22; n. s. 1 + : E. o. s. 8, 9; n. s. 8, 9, 13 +
E.xp. 15+: F. 31 + : Ft. W. 25+: I. LJ. o. s. 225; n. s. 1-34: X. D. 19+
N. H. n. s. 30*, 34*: P. o. s. 1-23; n. s. 1+: R. P. o. s. 1-23: n. s. 1 +

5. N. 1-19; n. s. 1+: S. L. 13+: W. 5-24; n. s. 7-13, 19-22.
Science abstracts. London, England.

Physical and electrical engineering. P. 1-5||: R. P. 4-5||: I. V. 1-5||.
Section A, physics. N. D. '10+: P. 6+: R. P. 6+: T. U. 6+: W. 10+
Section B, electrical engineering. P. 6+: R. P. 6+: I. U. 6+.
22—1019

838

Science magazine. M. 31-34.

Science news. Salem, Mass. P. 1.

Science record (Beach). New York. R. P. '74.

Scientific American. New York. D. 1-25, 50+: E. 6-8, 11-14, 16-21, 23-26
30, 31, 36-74, 98-100, 105+ : F. 70-93, 96+: Ft. W. 86, 90-98, 100+
G. 82+: I. U. 35, 44, 45, 49-67, 69, 72-75, 77, 86, 87, 89, 90+: L. P

0. s. 11; n. s. 1-8, 11, 15, 17-19, 23, 26-35, 77+: M. 30+: X. D. o. s
14; n. s. 4-9, 26, 28, 29, 39, 40*, 41-54, 55*-61, 62, 63*-70*, 80*, 81*
83*, 88*, 90*, 91*, 94*-98*, 99, 100*, 101+ : N. H. n. s. 1-41, 50-51
100+: P. 34-43, 76+: R. P. o. s. 1-14; n. s. 1+: S. L. 14-15, 18, 30-37
57-66, 68-83, 86-106: S. N. 86+: T. H. 82+: W. 1-31, 41-45, 48+.

Scientific American. Building edition. New York. Ft. W. 37.39|| : L. P. 27*
28*, 29*: M. 17-3911 : R- P- 25-39||.

Continued as American homes and gardens q. v.

Scientific American. Supplement. New York. D. 1+: E. 65, 66, 68-70
72+: F. 59-62, 71+: Ft. W. 57, 59-62, 64+: G. 67+: I. V . 1-32, 34
54, 57+: L. P. 1, 2, 44+: M. 1, 2, 56+: N. D. I. 3; II. 2*, 4*-7*, 9*
12*-14*, 23*-25*, 28*, 29*, 34*, 42*, 45, 49*-52*, 53, 54*-58*, 59, 60*
61, 62*-65*, 66+: N. H. 8-10, 13-24: P. 1-4, 9-24, 29+: R. P. 13-20
49+: S. L. 16, 19-21, 23, 25, 35, 36, 41 + : 8. N. 31 + : T. H. 1 + : W
15-23, 35-54, 56, 58+.

Scientific tracts. Boston, Mass. N. H. n. s. 1, 2, 4.

Scotland agricultural college. Glasgow.
Annual report. Exp. 1, 2, 4-6.

Scotland. Fishery board.

Annual report. S. L. '07+.

Scotland. Highland agricultural society. Edinburgh.
Transactions. Exp. IV. 8-11.

Scottish geographical magazine. Edinburgh, Scotland. I. V. 25+: S. N. 1 +

Seismological society of Japan. Tokyo.
Transactions. R. P. 1-20.

Selbourne magazine and nature notes. London, luigland. N . I). 23+.

Semillas rccolectados dui-antc el .mho. jardin bofanico. X'alcncia, Spain
N. D. '11 + .

Seminarium. Leijjzig, Gennany. N. D. 1 + .

Sibley journ.nl of engineering. Ithaca, N. Y. P. 11, 19+.

Siderial mcs.songer. Northfield, Minn. I). 5-10||: VV. l-lOjl: I. V. 10\\: S. L,

1, 2*.

Continued as Astronomy and astro-physics.

339

Signal engineer. Chicago, 111. P. 1 + .

SlHiman's journal. See American journal of science.

Skandinavisches Archiv fiir Physiologic. Leipzig, Germany. I. U. 1 + .

Sltetch book of nature and outdoor life. Manchester, N. H. N. D. 1, 2*j|.

Smithsonian institution. Washington, D. C.

Annual report. D. '53-'96, '98-'00, '02-'04, '07-'09: E. '71-'03, '07+: Exp.

'82-'84, '87-'95, '97*, '99, '00: F. 54, 56-60, 62-77, 79+: G. '96, '01,

'08+: I. U. 4-6, 8-54, 56+: L. P. '47, '53+: N. D. '84+: P. '53, '54'

'56+: R. P. 1 + : S. L. '46+: S. N. '55, '59, '61, '63, '65, '77, '78, '81+.

Contributions to knowledge. D. 1 + : I. U. 13-26, 28, 30+: L. P. 23-26,

28, 30-32: N. D. 2, 3, 5, 6-18, 20-24, 26, 30+: P. 6, 10, 20-32, 34+:

R. P. 1+: S. L. 1-35: S. N. 2-13, 15-25, 28+.

Miscellaneous collections. D. 1-30, 32-38, 40-42, 43, 46-57*: I. U. 1, 13+:

L. P. 1-6, 9-21, 23-28, 30-33, 35, 36, 37*, 38*, 39*: N. D. 1, 2*, 6-11,

14-33, 36+: P. 1-2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11-27, 29, 32-41, 44+: R. P. 1+: S. N.

32+: T. H. 16, 18, 20, 22, 23, 25, 27, 40, 42-54, 56+.

Smithsonian institution. United States national museum. Washington, D. C.

Annual report. B. '04: F. '00-'04: I. U. '84+: L. P. '81+: N. H. '54+:

P. 84+: R. P. '85+: S. L. '85+: S. N. '84-'98, '07+: T. H. '86+.
Bulletin. D. 29, 33-38. 39*, 40-40, 47*, 48-49, .50*, 51, 52, .53*, 54, 55, 56*,
57, 58, 60-69, 71-77, 79. 81: Exp. 3, 6, 11, 13, 21, 23, 26, 39*, 40-46, 47*,
50, 51. 53-60, 62-71, 73+: I. U. 1-38, 40-54, 56-58, 60, 70+: L. P. 39*+:
N. H. 9, 10, 12, 40-43, 45, 48: P. 1-16, 20, 21, 24, 26, 3-3-38, 40-48, 50+:
R. P. 1-16, 39-48: S. L. 1 + : S. N. 1-48, 50+.
Proceedings. D. 10-22, 24-28, 32, .34-40: Exp. 2, 3, 8, 9, 14-33, 36, 37, 39,
42+: F. 14-16, 18-29: I. U. 1 + : L. P. 14+: N. D. 14+: N. H. 14-19:
P. 1+: R. P. 13+: S. L. 1 + : S. N. 1 + : T. H. 2, 4, 6, 9, 13-33, 35+.
Smithsonian institution. See also United States. Astrophysical observatory;
United States. Ethnology, Bureau of American; United States. Na-
tional herbarium.
Sociedad broteriana. Coimbra, Portugal.

Boletino. X. D. 25+.
Sociedad cientifica "Antonio Alzate." Mexico City, Mexico.

Memorias y revista. Ac. 9»- '», lO'-"'-. 11, 12, IS'-'", 14^i=, 15, 16-18, 196->=,
20'^'^ 21-28, 29, 30'-« + : N. D. 32+.
Sociedad cientifica Argentina. Buenos Aires, Argentine Republic.

Anales. Ac. 45-'^' «, 46+: N. D. 75+.
Sociedad de geografia y estadistica de la Repiiblica Mexicana. Mexico City.
Boletin. Ac. U"'-, 2'-'>: N. D. 6 + .

340

Sociedad ]\Iexicana de historia natural. ]\Iexico.

Xaturaleza. Ac. 7'«-i5; II. V--' -^^ «• «• '», 2'o-", 3'-'"; III. 1'-^+: N. D.
III. 1 + .
Sociedad quimica Argentina. Buenos Aires, Argentine Republic.

Anales. Ac. 1'.
Sociedad scientifica de Sao Paulo (Brazil).

Revista. Ac. V-\ 2'-^, 5'-^ 6+.
Societa africana d'ltalia. Naples, Italy.

Bulletin. Ac. 13-31*.
Societa botanica italiana. Florence, Italy.

BoUettino. N. D. '09+.
Societa di naturalisti in Napoli (ItaU-j.

BoUettino. N.D. 24+.
Societa entomologica italiana. Florence, Italy.

Bullcttino. Ac. 34-43.
Societa italiana di scienzenaturali e del museo civico di storianaturale. Milan.
Italy.

Atti. Ac. 40-46, 473- \ 48'- ■'- ^ 49'^', .50'-\ 51'-=+.
Societas royale de botanique de Belgique.

Bulletino. N. D. '09+.
Societe beige de geologic de paleontologie et d'hydrologie. Brussels, Bel-
gium .

Proces verbaux. Ac. 10-26*.
Societe botanicjue de France. Paris.

Bulletin. Exp. 35-37.
Societe botanique de Geneva (Switzerland).

Bulletin. Ac. 8-9.
Societe chimique de France. Paris.

Bulletin. Exp. III. 1*, 2*, 3*, 4, 5, 6*, 7-36; IV. 1, 2*, 3+: S. L. '12+.
Societe dcs Americanistes de Paris (France).

Journal. N. H. 5.
Societe des sciences naturalles de I'Ouest de la France. Nantes.

Bulletin. Ac. 7-10; II. 1-3, 4' '. 5-9, 10"-'; III. 1, 2'--+.
Societe entomologique de Belgique. Brussels. Belgium.

Conii)te rendu. Ac. 54-67.
Societe entomologique de France. Paris.

Bulletin des seances. Ac. '97+*.
Societe fran(,-aise de physique. Paris, France.

linllcliu des seances. N. D. '79-'S1, '86-'89*. '92, '93, '95.

341

Societe gcologique de Belgiquc. Liege, Belgium.

Anales. Ac. 25i-3, 26--\ lV-\ 28'-^, 29+.

Memoires. Ac. '04-'12.
Societe geologique de France. Paris.

Bulletin. I. U. III. 23-28; IV. 1+: S. L. II. 1.
Societe helvetique des sciences naturellcs. Geneva, Switzerland.

Actes. Ac. '93, '95, '99, '02, '07, '09.

Compte rendu. Ac. '99-'07.

Also called Schweizerische naturforschende Gesellschaft q. v.
Societe hoUandaise des sciences. La Hague, Holland.

Archives. Ac. 30^- =; II. !'■ *■ % 2-4, 6, 7'-=, S^' =• ^ 9-15; III. A. 1-2; III.
B. 1 + .
Societe imperiale des naturalistes de Moscou (Russia).

Bulletin. Ac. 61-62; n. s. 1-10, 11' -, 13"- ', 14, 15, 16' ', 17, 18--^ 19+.

Memoires. Ac. 15', le^' ', 17'— .

Beilage. Ac. '87,
Societe internationale des electriciens. Paris, France.

Bulletin. P. 5+.
Societe mathematique de France. Paris.

Bulletin. D. 1-20: I. U. 1 + .
Societe rambertia.

Rapport annuel et presidentiel. N. D. 10-13.
Societe royale de botanique de Belgique. Brussels, Belgium.

Bulletin. Ac. 36-45, 45'-^ 46'- =. <• s, 47'-^: N. D. 46+.
Societe royale linneenne de Bruxelles (Belgium).

Bulletin. Ac. 14-16*, 19-31*.
Societe royal malacologique de Belgique. Brussels, Belgium.

Annales. Ac. 41-46.

Bulletin des seances. Ac. 'OO-'Ol.

Proces-verbaux des seances. Ac. 11-24*, 26-28*.
Societe scientifique de Bruxelles (Belgium).

Aimales. N. D. 7-15, 22*, 24-26, 28*, 30+.
Society for experimental biology and medicine. New York City. N. D. 1 + .
Society for horticultural science. Washington, D. C.

Proceedings. Exp. '03-'10.
Society for psychical research. London, England.

Proceedings. I. U. 1 + : S. N. 1+: W. 1-6.
Society for the promotion of agricultural science.

Proceedings. ExiJ. 4, 5, 9, 11, 14, 17-19: P. 1-28: S. L. '96, '98, '99.

342

Society for the promotion of engineering education. London, England.

Bulletin. P. 1 + .

Proceedings. P. 1 + : R. P. 1 + .
Society of American foresters.

Proceedings. P. ! + *•
Society of chemical industry. London, England.

Journal. Exp. 27+: L U. 22+: N. D. 24*, 25: P. 1 + : R. P. 23+: W. 13.
Society of naval architects and mai'ine engineers. New York.

Transactions. P. 1-11: R. P. 1-15.
Society of telegraph engineers. London, England.

Journal. P. 1-17||: R. P. 1-14.

Continued after Journal 17 as Institution of electrical engineers q. v.
Sound waves. P. 7-12, 13*, 14-15.
Merged with American te'ephone.

South Africa. Central locust bureau. Cape Town.

Report. Exp. 1-4.
South Africa. Entomologist, Government. Cape Town.

Report. Exp. '95, '98, '00.
South Africa union. Agricultural journal. Pretoria, Transvaal. N. D. '12,

'13 + .
South African philosophical society. Cape Town.

Transactions. Ac. 9=, lO^' ^ 11'-', 12, 15'-\. 16'"^
South Australia. Agriculture, Dep.artment of. Adelaide.

Bulletin. Exp. 1-7, 9-21, 23-29, 31-63, 69, 71*.74*.

Journal. Exp. 10*, 11*, 15*, 16+.

Report. Exp. '05-'07, '09-'ll.
South Carolina agricultural college. Clemson College.

Extension work. Exp. 1*.
South Carolina. Agricultural experiment station. Clemson College.

Annual report. Exp. 1, 2, 4, 5, 7+: P. 2, 5, 7, 10+.

Bulletin. Exp. 1-153, 155+ : P. o. s. 1-8; n. s. 1-49, 52 + .
South Carolina college. Columbia. Experimental faru).

Report. Exp. '83-'86.
South Carolina. Live stock association.

Annual report. Exp. 4-10.
South Daltota. Agricultural experiment station. Brookings.

Annual report. Exp. 1-11, 13, 14, 16+: P. 1-5, 7-9, 15+.

Bulletin. D. 87, 92, 93, 114, 115, 125, 126: i'Ap. 1 + : P. 1 + : R. P. 22-131:
S. L. •04-'10.

34:}

South Dakota. Agriculture, State board of.

Annual report. Exp. '09, '10.
South Dakota dairy association.

Annual report. Exp. 7.
South Dakota. Engineer.

Report. P. 1 + .
South Dakota. Food and drug commissioner.

Annual report. P. 10-12.
South Dakota. Geological survey.

Bieiniial report. S. Is. 1, 2.

Bulletin. P. 4.
South Dakota. Improved live stock and poultry breeders' association.

Annual report. Exp. '06-'08, '10.
South Dakota (state) school of music. Geology, Department of.

Bulletin. P. 6, 9.
Southern and southwestern raihvaj' club. Atlanta, Ga.

Proceedings. P. 5*, 6, 7*, 8.
Southern California academy of science. Los Angeles.

Bulletin. Ac. T -.
Southern orchard and farm. Houston, Tex. Exp. 6*, 7*, 8+.
Southern planter. Richmond, Va. Exp. 70+.
Southern ruralist. Atlanta, Ga. Exp. 16*, 18*, 19*, 20+.
Southern states association of commissioners of agriculture.

Proceedings. P. 11, 12.
Southern woodlands. See Georgia forest association.
Southwest trail. Chicago, 111. Exp. 29*, 30*, 31, 32*, 33*.
Spokesman review. Spokane, Wash. Exp. 30*, 31 + .
Springfield (Mass). See Museum of natural history.
Stahl und Eisen. Dusseldorf, Germany. P. 25+.
Standard guide. Chicago, 111. Exp. 4.
Statesman's yearbook. London, England. R. P. '73, '76.
Stockholm (Sweden). See Kongliga svenska vetenskaps-akademien.
Stone and Webster public service journal. Boston, Mass. P. 1-6.
Strawberry. Three Rivers, Mich. Exp. 2*.
Street railway journal. New York. Ft. W. 29-31|[ : P. 7-31|i.
Continued as Electric railway journal q. v.

Street railway review. Chicago, 111. P. 4-16||.

Continued as Electric railway review q. v.

Student farmer. Madison, Wis. Exp. 3*, 4*.

344

Successful farming. Dos Moines, la. Exp. 8*.

Successful poultry journul. Chicago, 111. Exp. 3*, 4, 5*. 6, 7*, 8, 9*, 10*,

11-15, 16*, 17*, 18+.
Sugar beet. Philadelphia, Pa. E.xp. 12*, 15, 16, 17*, 18-21, 22*, 23*, 24*,
25*, 26*, 27.

Quarterly. Exp. 27-32.
Svenska vetenskaps-akademien. See Kongliga svenska, etc.
Sveriges geologiska Undersokning. Stockholm, Sweden.

Afhandlingar och uppsatser. Ac. ser. C. 92-111. 113-134, 195, 196. 201-
203; ser. Ca. 4, 5, 7.

Arsbok. Ac. '07-'09.

Ofversiktskartor. Ac. ser. Ba. 6, 7.
Tacoma academy of sciences. Tacoma, Wash.

Proceedings. Ac. '93.
Technic. See under Michigan university.
Technical literature. New York. See Engineering digest.
Technical world magazine. New York. Ft. W. 11+: G. 13+: S. N. 1 + .
Technische Auskunst: Monatsheft des internationalen Institutes fiir Tech-

nobibliographie. Berlin, Germany. R. P. '09+.
Technograph. See under Illinois university.
Technology architectural record. Boston. Mass. Ft. W. 6+.
Technology quarterly and proceedings of the Society of arts. Boston, Mass.

P. 18-21.
Technology review. Boston, Mass. I. U. 1+: P. 1 + : R. P. 1 + .
Telegraph and telephone age. New York. S. L. '11.

Telephony, the American telephone journal. Chicago, 111. P. 1-4, 17, 18, .59 + .
Tennessee. Agricultural experiment station. Knoxville.

Annual report. Ex]). 1 + : S. L. '00, '01, '03: P. 1 + .

Bulletin. Exp. 1 + : S. L. '96-'()8*: P. 1 + .

Special bulletin. Exp. B-E.
Tennessee. Agricultural statistics and mines, Conuuissionei- of.

Annual report. Exp. '84.
Tennessee. Entomology, State board of. Knoxville.

Annual report. Exp. 1, 3-6: N. D. 7 + .

Bulletin. Exp. 1, 3-5: N. D. 7+.
Tennessee. Geological survey.

Bieimial report. N. II. 1: \\ '69.

Resources of Tennessee. P. 1 + .

345

Tennessee. Health, State board of. Xashvillo. Exp. 3*, 4*, 5*, 6*, 7*, 9*.
Tennessee university. Knoxvillc.

Record. Exp. 7*: P. 4*-10*.
Tennessee university. Agriculture, School of.

Report on experimental work. Exp. '79-'86||.

Continued by Tennessee. Agricultural experiment station, g. r.
Terrestial magnetism and atmospheric electricity. Chicago, 111.; Cincinnati,

O.: Baltimore, JMd. I. U. 4, 5.
Texas academy of science. Austin, Tex.

Transactions. Ac. V''", 2'' -, 3, 4 pt. 2'-", 7, 9-11: X. D. 1 + . .
Texas. Agricultural experiment station. College Station.

Annual report. Exp. 1-14: P. 1 + .

Bulletin. D. 7: Exp. 1-77, 79-86, 88+: P. 1 + : S. L. '05+*.
Texas. Agriculture, Department of. Austin.

Annual report. Exp. 1.

Bulletin. Exp. 1, 3-7, 10-12, 14, 15. 19, 20-22. 2+28.
Texas farm cooperator. Ft. Worth. Exp. 34*, 35 + .
Texas farmer. Ft. Worth. Exp. 33*, 34 + .
Texas farmers' congress. Beaumont.

Annual report. Exp. 14: P. 3-5, 9, 15.
Texas geological and mineralogical survey.

Bulletin. P. 3-4, 7-9.
Texas university. Austin.

Bulletin. Medical series. Ac. 2, 3.
Official series. Ac. 39.
Reprint series. Ac. 2.

Scientific series. Ac. 4, 6, 8, 10-17: I. V. 12, 13: X. D. 14,20+: P.
46, 51, 135, 165, 178, 189: R. P. 23+.

Record. P. 2-4*.

Mineral survey. Bulletin. P. 3, 4, 7, 9|1 : R. P. 7-9||.
Therapeutic gazette. Detroit, Mich. D. o. s. 4-11.
Therapeutic notes. Detroit, Mich. I. U. 10+.
Things cliemical. N. D. '06*, '07*.

Tidsskrift for skovaesen. Copenhagen, Denmark. X. D. '13+.
Timehri. Journal of the royal agricultural and commercial society of British

Guiana. Damerara. N. D. III. 1*, 2*, 3+.
Tokyo (Japan) botanical society.

Botanical magazine and proceedings. X. D. 24+.

346

Tokyo (Japan) university.

Journal. N. D. 1 + .
Toronto (Can.). City engineer.

Report. P. '93, '95-'97, '99, '01, '02.
Toronto (Can.) school of practical science.

Papers. P. 7-20.
Toronto (Can.) university. Chemical laboratory.

Papers. Ac. 40-52, 54-72, 74-94.
Toronto (Can.) university. Physical laboratory.

Papers. Ac. 18-40.
Toronto (Can.) university. Engineering society.

Applied science. P. 1, 2: R. P. '92-'98, '00-'06.
Called Papers before 1903.

Toronto (Can.) university.

Studies. Anatomical series. P. 1.

Biological series. Ac. 4-11: N. D. 3+: P. 1-3.
Chemical series. Ac. 40-52, 54-72, 74-93.
Geological series. Ac. 3-7: N. D. 1 + : P. 1, 2.
Pathological series. Ac. 1.
Physical science series. Ac. 1-4.
Physics series. Ac. 18-36.
Physiological series. Ac. 4-7: P. 1-3.
Psychological series. Ac. 2-- 3\ ': P. 1, 2.
Torrey botanical club. New York.

Bulletin. Ac. 12-21, 25: D. 19-^: F. 15, 17, 18: I. V. 18-19, 21 + : N. D.

14, 15*, 16-24, 25*, 26, 27, 36*, 37 -f: W. 19+.
Memoirs. D. 1, 2, 4-11: I. V. 1*, 6*, 9, 11*.
Torreya. D. 1 + : X. D. ll-f.
Town planning review. Manchester, England. G. 3-|-.
Trade; a journal of the canning industry. Baltimore, Md. Exj). 34*, 35-|-.
Transit. See under Iowa (state) university.

Transvaal agricultural journal. Pretoria. l>]-\p. 1*, 2*, 3*, 4-8, 9*.
Transvaal. Agriculture, Department of. Pretoria.

Amuial report. Exp. '03-'08.
Traveling engineers association.

I'roceedings. P. 1-7, 9.
Trenton (N. J.) natural history society.
Journal. .Ac. 1 '-\ 2'.

347

Trondhjem (Norway). See Kongelige norske videnskabers selskab.
Trucker and farmer. New Orleans, La. Exp. 4*, 5+.
Tufts college. Tufts college, Mass.

Studies, Ac. l- *■ '• \ 2- ', 3': P. 1 + *.
United States. Agriculture, Department of. Washington, D. C.

Annual report. D. '63, '65, '67, '68, '73, '75-'80, '85-'93: Exp. '47, '48,
'50, '51, '53-'59, '61 + : P. '48-'60, '62-'93, '98+: R. P. '62+: S. L.
'43*+: S. N. '51-'05, '07+.

Called Report of the commissioner of agriculture until 1888. After that called Report of
the secretary of agriculture. Since 1894 the scientific and general informational matter
has been published separately from the administrative report in the Year book q. v.

Department rejjort series. Exp. 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 27, 30, 36,
39, 43, 47, 48-50, 52, 55-85, 88-90, 92+: P. 59-63, 65-72, 74, 75, 77, 78,

80, 83, 84, 86+: S. N. 5, 58, 60, 63, 65, 68-72, 74, 75, 77, 80, 86+.
Farmers' bulletins. Exp. 1-375, 377+: N. D. 1 + : P. 1 + : R. P. 9-356:

S. L. 1 + : S. N. 1 + .
Library bulletin. Exp. 1 + : P. 1 + : S. N. 40+.
Library monthly bulletin. Exp. 1, 2+: P. 1 + .
Miscellaneous reports. Exp. 1-10||: S. L. l-10|j.
Special reports. D. 18-37: S. L. o. s. 1-65||.
Yearbook. D. '94-'97, '07, '08, '10+: Exp. '94+: N. D. 1 + : P. '94+:

R. P. '94+: S. L. '94+: S. N. '94+.

Continues the scientific and informational matter of the Annual report q. v.

United States. Agrostology, Division of.

Bulletin. D. 11-20: Exp. 1, 2, +7, 9-25!|: P. 1-7, 9-25||: R. P. 2-25||: S. N.
1, 2, 4. 6, 8, 9, 12-16, 18, 19, 21-25||.
Continued as United States Plant industry, Bureau of, q. v.

United States. Animal industry, Bureau of.

Annual report of the bureau. D. 24+: Exp. 1 + : P. 1-16, 21 + : R. P. 1-24:

S. N. '84, '87-'92, '97-'03, '07+.
Annual report of the chief. Exp. '89-'91, '95-'03, '05, '06, '08-'10, '12+.
Bulletin. D. 2-4, 6, 7, 10-15, 17, 20-22, 24, 25, 31, 32, 34, 38, 39, 42, 4+53,

56-58, 60, 63, 66-101, 103-139, 141-159, 161-164, 166+ : Exp. 1-78, 80-

106, 108-124, 125, 126-159, 161-164, 166+ : P. 3-5, 7-9, 11, 13+: R. P.

10-11, S. N. 9, 15-18, 28, 30-34, 36, 39.
United States astrophysical observatory.
Annals. D. 2+: N. D. 1 + : R. P. 1 + .

348

United States. Biological survey, Division of.

Annual report. Exp. '87-'89, '98, '01-'09, '11+: N. D. 1 + .

Bulletin. D. 1, 6, 8, 10, 15-17, 20, 22+: Exp. 1, 3+: X. D. 1 + : N. H.

1: P. 1-37, 39+: S. L. 9+: S. N. 7-9, 12, 15 + .
Circular. Exp. 1+17, 20, 23-35, 38-40, 42-44, 46-47, 51 + : N. D. 1 + :

P. 1-61, 63-85, 87-90, 92+: S. L. 17+: S. X. 28+.
Xorth American fauna. D. 1-5, 7. 11, 12, 17, 20, 23: Exp. 1-5, 7, 8, 10+:

P. 1-4, 7, 8, 10+: S. L. 1 + : 8. X. 2-5, 8-10, 11-13, 15, 17, 18, 20-26, 27+.

Formerly United States. Ornithology and Mammalogy, Division of, q. v.

United States. Botany, Division of.

Annual report. Exp. '85, '86, '88-'91, '93, '94, '96-'98: P. '86, '88-'95.
Bulletin. D. 1, 3, 6, 8, 15-25, 27: Exp. 1-29|1: P. 1-3, 5-8, 12-29||: R. P.

16-2911.
Circulars. Exp. l-30l| : P. 2-30|| : S. L. 9, 12, 15, 18, 23-30i|.

Continued as United States Plant industry, Bureau of, q. v.

United States brewers' association.
Proceedings. P. '08-'ll.
Yearbook. P. '09+.
United States census bureau, forest products. P. '07+.
United States. Chemistry, Bureau of.

Annual report. Exp. '90, '93, '97, '98, '00-'03, '05, '07+: X. D. 1+: P.

'90, '98-'01, '03-'05, '08.
Bulletin. E.xp. 3, 8, 9, 11-96, 99-113, 11.5-160, 163+ : X. D. 1 + : P. 1-6,

8-10, 13-15, 17, 18, 20+: R. P. 13-124: S. L. 1 + : S. X. 13, 15, 20, 21,

34, 39, 40, 42, 46-58, 62+.
Circulars. Exp. 1, 2, 3-6, 7-18, 20+: X. D. 1 + : P. 1-77, 79-85, 87+: S. L.

1 + : S. X. 5, 16, 41 + .
United States. Coast and geodetic survey.

Annual report. D. '52, '54, '55, '60, '62-'68, '71-'73, '77-'89, '91 + : X. D.

1 + : P. '51 + : R. P. '51-'57, '59-'62, '64-'65, '67+: S. X. '51-'57, '60,

'61, '78-'95, '97+.
liullctin. X. D. 1 + : R. P. +17, 19-21, 25, 26, 28, 29, 32, .33, .35-.38, 40+.
Charts. X. D. 1 + .

Special publications. P. 1, 5+: R. P. 4, 7, 10+: S. L. 3-5, 7-12.
Surveys. X. D. 1 + .

Tide tables. D. '03-'05, '07, '13: X. D. 1 + : P. '08+: S. X. '02+.
U. S. coast pilot, .\tlanlic coast. D. 1-8: S. X. 1-6, 8.

Pacific coast. I). 1 : S. X. 1.
U. S. iiiatiiict ic t;il)lcs and magnetic charts. D. '05: S. X. '05.

349

United States. Engineer department.

Professional papers. X. D. 1 + . R. P. 22, 23, 25, 26, 28.
Report of chief. R. P. '68-}-: «. L. '67+: S. N. '83, '07+.
Report of examination ant! surveys. N. D. 1 + .
United States. Engineer school. Washington, D. C.

Occasional papers. X. D. 1 + .
United States. Entomological commission.
Annual reports. Exp. 3-5il: P. 1-4.
Bulletins. D. l-7|l: Exp. 1-3, 5-7||.
United States. Entomologj^, Bureau of.

Annual report. Exp. '08, '10+: X. D. 1 + .

Bulletin. D. o. s. G, 7, 10, 13-17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27-30, 32, 33; n. s. 4, 6, 7,

11-20, 23, 26-30, 32, 37-39, 41-44, 46-50, 52-54. 56-80, 82, 84, 86-93, 95,

97-98, 100-110, 112+ : Exp. o. s. 4-25. 27-33; n. s. 1-82, 84-93, 95*, 96*,

97, 98, 100-113, 115*. 116*. 117-121, 127+ : X. D. 1+: P. o. s. 6, 10, 11,

13, 14, 17, 19, 20, 22-25, 27-29, 31. 32; n. s. 1 + : S. L. o. s. 1-33; n. s. 1+:

8. X. o. s. 4, 6, 9-19, 22, 29, 31, 45-50; n. s. 1, 3, 4, 6-9, 25, 27-30, 52+.
Bulletin. Technical series. D. 2, 3, 10+: E.xp. 1-3, 5-13, 15, 16*, 17*,

19*, 20*, 21-23*, 24, 25*, 26+: X. D. 1+: P. 1 + .
Insect life. D. 1-71|: Exp. 1.7|1: L. P. 2, 3*, 4, 5*, 7*|i: P. 1-4, 5*, 7||:

W. 1-711 .
Special report. Exp. 1-3, 5-8.
United States. Ethnology. Bureau of American.

Annual report. E. 1-26: Exp. 26: F. 2-23: L. P. 1-22: X. D. 1 + : X. H.

1-28: P. 1-3, 5-19, 21+: R. P. 1 + : S. I.. 1-26: T. H. '79-'89, '93.

'94, '96+.
Bulletin. F. 25-27: I. U. 25, 30-36, 39. 42-45, 47+: P. 33+: R. P. 1-48:

S. L. 1-52: S. X. 6-23, 25-45, 47+: T. H. 25-29, 32-35. 37+: W. 1 + .
Ethnological survey publications. P. 1, 2*, 4*: S. X. 1.
United States. Experiment stations. Office of.

Annual report. D. '08+: Exp. '01-'09, '11+: X. D. 1+: P. '01 + : R. P.

'01. '04-'07: S. X. '07-'10.
.\nnual report of director. Exp. '89+: P. '89, '91 + .
Bulletin. Exp. 1-253, 255+: X. D. 1 + : P. 1 + : R. P. 1-210: S. X. 1, 3-7,

10-20, 22-25, 65-68, 80, 83-85. 88-106, 108-118, 120-130, 132+ : S. L. 1 + .
Experiment station record. D. 1*, 2*. 3-5, 6*, 7, 9*, 10*. 11*, 13*. 14*,

15*, 16*, 17-20, 21*, 22*, 23+: Exp. 1+: X. D. 1 + : P. 1+: R. P.

3-20: S. L. 1+: S. X. 8+.

350

Experiiucut station work. Exp. 1 + : P. 1+: >S. N. 2.
Farmers' institute lecture. Exp. 1-14: P. l-f: S. L. 1 + : 8. N. 1 + .
Miscellaneous bulletins. Exp. 1, 3j|: P. 1-3||.
United States. Fiber investigations, Office of.

Report. D. 2-9: Exp. 1-11||: P. 1,3-11||: R. P 8-ll||.

Continued in United States. Botany, Division of. q. r.

United States. Fisheries, Bureau of.

Bulletin. D. 1-8, 11-17, 27-f : L. P. 1-^: N. D. 1-^-: X. H. 8, 12. 15: P.

1 + : R. P. 10: S. N. 1 + : T. H. 1 + .
Documents. P. 603*-^: S. X. 602-604, 609, 610, 612, 613, 618-f .
Economic circular. X. D. l-f-: S. L. '12-|-.
Report. D. '71-'72, '78, '82, '87-'99: E.xp. '91-'92: I. U. '71, '72, '73-'04:

L. P. '71-'74, '77-'81, '83+: N. D. 1 + : X. H. '71, '87, '04: P. '71.'77,

'79-'88, '94-'06: R. P. '71.'87: S. L. '71-(-: T. H. '73-'04: W.

Before 1903 known as Commi.ssion of Fish and Fisheries.

United States. Food and drug inspection, Board of.

Food inspection decisions. P. 1 + *.
United States. Forestry service.

Annual reports. Ex]). '93, '97, '08, '09, '11+: P. '91-'93, '99-'06, '09.

Bulletin. D. 6, 10-12, 33, 35, 37-41, 43, 45-48, 50-52, 5+61, 63-76, 78-81,
83-97, 99-112, 115, 119, 121-123, 125+ : Exp. 2, +22, 24-119, 121-123,
125+ : F. 7, 15, 16, 20, 21, 24-26, 31-34, 41-43, 45-52, 54, 55: L. P. 15-17,
19, 20. 25-32, .34, 35, 37-58, 60, 63-66, 68-73, 75-81, 83-90, 94, 97-102,
104+ : X. D. 1 + : P. 2, 4-10. 12-21, 24+*: R. P. 9-74^ 77, 104+ : S. L.
1 + : S. X. 7, 9, 30-35, 37+: T. H. 15+.

Silvical leaflets. L. P. 12, 15-24, 20-33, 35-37, 39, 41, 42: X. D. 1 + : P
] + : S. L. 3 + *.

Report on forestry. S. X. 2-4.
United States. Geographical and geological survey of the Rocky mountain
region.

Contributions to Xorth American ethnology. D. 1, 3-5: P. 4-7, 9!|: 8. X.
6, 7, 9||.

Vol. 8 never published.
United States. Geographical and gcologica! survey west of I he lOOth meridian.

R.port. 1). 2-7: X. D. 1-7: P. 1, 3, 7.
United States. Geological and geographical survey of the territories.
Bulletin. D. 3*, 4-6: P. 4-(;*.

Report. 1). 1-3, (i-11, 13|1 : X. D. '52: P. 1-3. r,. «, S-IO. 12, 13 | : 8. X. 3,
8,9, 11, 12.

351

United States. Geological exploration of the 40th parallel.

Report. D. 1-7: N. D. 1-7: P. 4, 5, 6.
United States, Geological survey.

Annual report. D. 3-5, 8, 11: E. 1-13*, 14-22*, 23+: F. 3-25: I. U. 1 + :
L. P. 1+: N. D. 1 + : N. H. 2+: P. 2+: R. P. '80-'91: S. L. '67-'78:
T. H. 1,4-9, 14+.
Bulletin. E. 80-87, 90-97, 173, 177, 215, 217-222, 243: G. 400+ : I. U. 1 + :
L. P. 1*+: N. D. 1+: N. H. 1+: P. 1+: R. P. 1+: S. L. 1+: S. N.
1-273, 322-470, 472+.
Geologic folio.s. N. D. 1+: R. P. 1+.

Mineral resources of the United States. D. '67, '68, '83-'88, '91, '92: E.
'82-'99, '08: I. U. '82: L. P. '66*+: N. H. '67, '68, '83-'93, P. '67, '68,
'70, '73, '74, '76, '82-'93, '96, '97, '00+: R. P. '67, '68, '83-'93: S. N.
'83-'93, '98+: T. H. '83-'88, '91-'93, '00+.
Monographs. E. 1-52+ : F. 25-48: I. U. 1-8, 10-49, 52+: L. P. 1*+:
N. D. 1+: N. H. 1-50, 52: P. 1 + : R. P. 1+: S. X. 1-48, 51, 52+:
T. H. 2, 3, 6, 8, 15-18, 20, 21, 23-31, 33-46, 49+.
Professional papers. F. 1-39: I. U. 1-68, 70, 72, 73, 75+: N. D. 1 + : P.

1+: R. P. 1-43,48: S. N. 1 + .
Topographic atlas. R. P. 1-3.

Water supply and irrigation papers. I. U. 1+: L. P. 1*+: N. D. 1 + : P.
1 + : R. P. 1 + : S. L. 1 + : S. N. 40-256, 261-280, 284+: T. H. 42+.
United States. Health, National board of.

Report. F. '80, '82, '83: P. '79, '80, '83.
United States. Hydrographic office.
Bulletin. X. D. 1 + .
Charts. X. D. 1 + .
Xotices to mariners. X^. D. 1 + .
United States. Hygienic laboratory. See under United States. Public health

and marine hospital service. Bureau of.
United States. Isthmian canal commission.

Annual report. S. X. '07+: P. '05+.
United States. Life-saving service.

Annual report. R. P. '84, '07+: S. N. '01 + .
United States. Lighthouse board.

Annual report. R. P. '76, '77, '79, '81, '84+.

352

United States. .Microscopy. Division of.

Annuiil reports. Exp. '92: P. '91-'93.

Food products. Exp. 1, 2: P. 1-3||.

Special reports. Exp. '84, '85.
United States. IMines, Bureau of.

Bulletin. P. 1-30, 34-37, 39-41. 43-53, 55, 56, 59, 61-66, 69, 71: R. P. 1-^:
S. I.. 1 + *.

Miners' circular. P. 2-6, 8-12, 15: R. P. 3+: S. L. 2-6, 9-11.

Report. P. '11 + : S. L. '11, '12.

Technical papers. P. 1-33, 36-44, 46-49, 51-55, 60: R. P. 1-f-: 8. L. 1 + *.
United States national herbarium. Washington, D. C.

Contributions. D. 1*, 2, 3*, 4, 5*, 10*, \l + : Exp. 1*, 2-9, 10*, ll-f-: L. P.
5*, 6*, 7*, S*, 9*, 10*, 11*, 12*, 13, 14*, 15*, 16-h: N. D. 1*, 2-4, 9, 10*,
11 + : P. 1 + : R. P. 1 + : S. N. 2+: T. H. 5+.
United States national museum. See Smithsonian institution.
United States naval medical bulletin. I. U. 1+: N. D. 1 + : P. 1*, 2+:
United States. Nautical almanac office.

American ephemeric and nautical almanac. N. D. 1 + : P. '83-'91, '93+:
R. P. '82, '86-'90, '94-'96, '98+: S. L. '86+: S. N. '55, '65, '69, '70'
'76, '77, '79, '80-'84, '96, '00+.
United States naval observatory.

Annual report. R. P. '89, '90, '92, '98, '99, '01, '03.

Magnetic observations. R. P. '88-'94.

Meteorological observations. R. P. '83-'90.

Observations. S. N. '83.

Publications. P. II. 1-3, 5: R. P. II. 1 + : S. L. II. 1-7: S. N. II. 6, 7.

Washington observations. D. '81-'92: P. '62, '81 -'92: R. P. '86-'92.
United States. Navigation, Bureau of.

Aiuiual report. R. P. 'OO-'Ol.
United States. Ortlnance bureau.

Test of metals. R. P. '79+: S. L. '83+: S. \. '84-'00+.
United States. Ornithology and inanuiKdogy, l)i\isi()n of.

Bulletin. S. L. 3-8.

Continued as United States. Biologicul survey '/. r.

United States. P:itcnt office.

Annual rei)ort. N. D. 1 + : S. X' '47, '55, '61. '64, '99+.
l^ecisions of the commissioners. S. N. '99+.

353

Official gazette. Ci. 157+ : 1>. P. 47+: N. D. 1 + : N. H. '07+: P. 1+:R.

P. 1 + : 8. L. 1 + : T. H. '53.'63, '88+.
Specifications and drawings of patents. P. P. '71 + : S. L. '71 + .
United States. Plant industry, Bureau of.

Bulletin. D. 1, 20-23, 25, 26, 28-37, 39-43, 45-51, 53-63, 66, 68, 69, 71.

73-75, 77-135, 137-162, 165, 168, 171-173, 175-197, 199-235, 237-25S,

260-272, 274, 277+: Exp. 1-91, 93-96, 98-108, 110+ : F. 14, 44, 46, 90*:

N. D. 1 + : P. 1-45 47+: P. P. 1-148: 8. L. '01 + : S. N. 1 63, 65+.
Report. N. D. 1 + : P. 1-4.
United States. Pomology, Di\i8ion of.

Annual report. Exp. '92-'97: P. '91, '93-'95.

Bulletin. D. 1, 2, 6. 10||: Exp. 1-10|1 : P. 1-10|! : S. X. 2. 4, 5, 7, 9, 10||.

Miscellaneous reports. Exp. '83, '96.

Continued in United States. Plant industry, Bureau of.
United Slates. Public health :ind marine hospital service. Bureau of.

Annual report. N. D. 1 + : P. '84: S. L. '03+: S. N. '03+: T. H. '94-'97,

'99+.
Hygienic laboratory. Bulletin. I. U. 70-74, 76-78: X. D. 1+: P. 1 + :

S. L. 8+*: S. N. 8, 10, 11, 13, 14, 16-32, 36-62, 6+78, 84+.
Public health bulletin. T). 7, 19, 22, 23, 26-28, 30, 32-35, 38-47, 49-55,

59+: S. L. 4+*.
Public health reports. N. D. 1 + : P. 14+: S. L. 19+: S. X. 15-17. 20+:

T. H. 11 + .
Transactions of amiual conference with health officers. X. D. 1+: P.

1 + : S. N. '03+.
Yellow fever institute. Bulletin. N. D. 1 + : P. 1 + : S. X. 1, 3.
United States. Public road inquiries, Office of.
Annual report. Exp. '02, '08+: P. '03. '11 + .
Bulletin. Exp. 1, 3+: X. D. 1 + : P. 1-26, 28+ : R. P. 16. 19-34, 38, 40+:

S. N. 4 + .
Circulars. Exp. 1+30, 32+: X. D. 1+: P. 14-64, 66-67, 83-85, 87, 89+:

R. P. 19 + .
United States. Reclamation service.
Annual report. S. X. 6+: P. 2, 4+.
Maps. X. D. 1 + .
Publications. X. D. 1 + .
United States. Seed and pl:mt introduction. Section of.
Inventories. Exp. 1-8.

23—1019

354

United States. Signai service.

Annual report of chief signal officer of the army. H. P. '79, '84, '86: S. N.
'88.

Professional papers. S. N. 4, 15.
United States. SoilS; Bureau of.

Annual report. Exp. '96-'01, '04, '06+: X. D. 1 + : P. '97-'00, '03.

Bulletin. E.\p. 1-19, 21-77, 80-93, 95+: N. D. 1+: P. 1-39, 41 + : H. P.
5-56: S. L. 1 + : S. N. 1-4, 17-19, 21 + .

Circular. Exp. 2-6, 8-76, 79+: P. 3+: S. L. 5+*.

Field operations. N. D. 1 + : P. '89+: II. P. '99-'n6: S. X. '99+.

Publications. X. D. 1 + .

Surveys. X"^. D. 1 + .
United States. Standards, Bureau of.

Bulletin. D. 1 + :G.6+:X. D. 1 + : P. 1+: R. P. 1 + : S. I.. 2-7: S. X.2+.

Circulars. X. D. 1 + : P. 1 + : R. P. 2, 4+: S. L. 3 + .

Conferences. D. 1 + : X. D. 1 + : P. 1 + .

Reprints. X. D. 1 + .

Technologic papers. D. 1-5, 7+: R. P. 1 + : W.
United States. Statistics, Bureau of.

Bulletin. P. 22, 24, 25, 27, 77, 81-85, 88, 90, 94, 93-96, 99+: S. \. 24, 25
27+.

Circulars. Exp. 1-13, 15+: P. 1 + : S. X. 1-13, 16 + .

Crop reporter. Exp. 1*, 2*, 3-7, 8*, 9-14, 15+: P. 2+.
Continues Monthly reports q. v.

Miscellaneous bulletin. Exp. 1-79, 81-85, 88-91, 93-96, 99+: S. X. '9()-'03.
Monthly reports. Exp. o. s. 3, 5-10, 11*, 12, 13: n. s. 1, 2*, 3*. +6, 7*.
8:14: S. X. n. s. 112+.

Continued by Crop reporter, q. v.

Special report. Exp. o. s. 1, 2, 4, 6, 10-42, 4+63, 65.
United States. Steam engineering bureau.

Aiuiual report. X. D. 1 + .

Publications. N. D. 1 + .

Specifications. X. D. 1 + .
United States. Surgeon-general's office.

hnWx catalogue of the library. P. I. 1-3. 5-16; II. 1-10. 12+: 'l\ II. II.
1 + .

l{er)ort. X. I). 1 + .

355

United States. Vegetable patholosiv. Division of.
Bullotiii. D. 1-7.

Continues in United states. \'egetable physiology anil pathology. Division ol. i/.i.

United States. Vegetable patholog}-, Seetinn of.
Bulletin. D. .5, 7, 9, 10.

Continues in United States. Vegt'ta!)le pathology, Division of. q. r.

United States. Vegetable physiology and i)athology. Division of.
Annual report of the chief. Exp' '87, '89' '92, '96+.

Bulletin. D. 8-10, 21, 23, 25: Exp. 1-10, 12-29||: P. o. s. 7, 11: n. s. 1-3
.5-2911 : R. P. 8-29ii: S. L. 1-14, 16-19, 21-29||: S. X. 5, 8, 10. 11. 15, 16.
17, 19-21, 23, 28, 29||.
See also Journal of mycology.

Continued in United States. Plant industry, Bureau of. cj. r.
United States veterinary association. See American veterinary association.
United States. War department. Report of explorations and suryeys to
ascertain the most practicable and economic route for a railroail from
the Mississippi river to the Pacific ocean. S. N. 2, 8, 9, 12*.
Botanical report. N. D. '57.
United States. Weather bureau.

Bulletin. D. 36: E.xp. 1-10, 11*. 12-16, 19, 21, 22, 24-32, 35-37: Kxp. C-H,

.J-Q: 8. X. C. E, F, G. H, I, L. M, X, P, Q, R, 8. T, K.
-Monthly weather review. D. 37*, 38+: E.xp. 12*. 17*, 23*, 31*, 32*,

33-36, 37*-40*: X. D. 1+: 8. X. 20-23, 30+.
Proceedings of the conA'ention of weather bureau officials. 8. X. 1-3.
Report of the chief. D. '91, '06+: Exp. '00+: X. D. 1 + : R. F. '91 + :

8. X. '99+.
Weather bulletins. 8. X. 1. .VIC, 14, 16-22. 24, 26. 28. .30-33, So. .36 + .
Weather maps. X. D. 1 + .
United States. Yellow fever institute. See under United States.

Public health and marine hospital service. Bureau of.
Unterrichtsblaetter fiir Mathematik und Xaturwissenschaften. T. U. 1 + .
Upper Iowa university.

Bulletin. Biological series. X. D. U.
Upper Iowa univensitj-. Biology laboratory.

Contributions. P. 1-3.
Upsala (Sweden) university.

Bulletin. Ac. 1-11*.
Upsatser praktisk entomologi. Upsala, Sweden. Ex]j. 20-22.

356

Up-to-date farming. Indianajiolis, Ind. Exp. 13*.
Utah. Agricultural experiment station. Logan.

Amiual report. Exp. 1 + : P. 1 + : S. L. '98-'03*.

Bulletin. D. 69: Exp. 1 + : P. 1+: S. L. '9S+.
Utah. Farmers' institutes. Halt Lake City.

Annual report. Exp. 4, 10-13: P. 1-6, 8-13.
Utah. Horticultural commission. Logan.

Biennial report. Exp. '09-'12.

Bulletin. Exp. 1.
Utah (state) horticultural society. Salt Lake City.

Proceedings. Exp. '12.
Utah. Horticulture, State board of. Salt Lake City.

Biennial report. Exp. '03-'04.
Vanderbilt imiversity. Nashville, I'enn.

(Quarterly. L U. 2-3, 5+: P. 1*, 2, 3*, 5*, 5-8.
Van Nostrand's chemical annual. New York. P. 1 + .
Van Nostrand's engineering magazine. New York. P. 1-35||: R. P. 1-35||.

Continued in American engineer and railroad journal, q. v.

Vegetable growers. Chicago, 111. Exj). n. s. 1*, 2*, 3+.
Vegetable growers' association of Ontario. Toronto.

Report. Exp. 1 + .
Verein deutscher Ligcnicurc. Berlin, Germany.

Zeitschrift. Ft. W 57+: R. P. 43+.
Verein fur Erdkunde. Leipzig, Germans.

Mittheilungen. Ac. '84, '85, '94-'ll.

\\ issenschaftliche Verofl'entlichungen. Ac. 3-7.
Verein fiir Naturwissenschaft zu Braunschweig (Germany).

Juhrcsbericht. Ac. '87-'09.
Verein zum Schutz(> dei- .Mponpfhuizen. Bamberg, Bavaria.

liorichte. N. I). 12.
Vermont. Agrii'ultural ("X|)erimenl station. Burlington.

Annual rci)()rt . I). 13: Exp. If: P. 1, 3-8, 10+: S. L. '87, '88. '90, '91.

J5ullctin. 1). 83, lOS: Exp. 1-1.-)!). l(il + : P. ,S+: S. L. 142 148.
Vermont. Agriculture, State board of. Noitli I'oinfrct.

.\nnual report, l-lxp. 7,9-12: P. 5, 11-28.
Vermont. Agricultuic, Department of. Plainfieid.

.\nnual report. Exp. 1: P. I + .

Bulletin. I';xp. 2, .3. a, 8-15.

357

Vermont butanicul club. Jiurlington.

Annual bulletin. N. D. 1 + .
Vermont dairj^men's association.

Aimual report. Exp. 19: P. 40-41.
Vermont (state) geological survey. I\Iont])elier.

Report. N. D. n. s. 3+.
Vermont (state) highway commission. Montpelier.

Biennial report. N. D. 7+.
Vermont (state) horticultural society. Burlington.

Animal report. Exp. 2, 4, 5, 8.
Vermont. I.'braiy commission. St. .Joiinsl)ury, Vt.

Bierniial report. Exp. 8.
Veterinarian. London, England. Exp. 1-62, 66-75.

After 1902 continued in Journal of comparative pathology and therapeutics, q. v.
Veterinary journal. London, England. Exp. n. s. 1 + .
Veterinary journal and annals of comparative pathology. London, England.

Exp. 1-49.
Veterinary magazine. Philadelphia, Pa. Exp. 1, 2.
Veterinary medical association. London. England.

Proceedings. Exp. 1-5.

Transactions. Exp. 1-3.
Veterinary record. London England.

Transactions. Exp. 1-6.
Vick's illustrated monthly magazine. Rochester, X. Y. N. H. 1-13.
Victoria (Australia). Agriculture, Department of. Melbourne

Annual report. Exp. '05-'!0.

Bulletin. Exp. 1-16, 22-24.

Guides to growers. Exp. 49, 50.

Journal. Exp. 1*, 2*, 3*, 4-6, 9+.

Leaflets. Exp. 1.

Yearbook. Exp. '05.
Victorian institute of engineers. Victoria, Australia.

Proceedings. P. 10, 11.
Victoria institute of Tiinidad (British West Indies).

Proceedings. Ac. 1, 2, 4.
Videnskabs-selskabet. Christiania, Norway.

Forhandlinger. N. D. '12-|-.
Vienna. See Wiener.

358

Virginia. Agricultural experiment station. BLMcksburg.

Annual report. Exp. '89-'93' '95-'06, '08+: P. '91-'94, '97-'0e, '08+.

Bulletins. Exp. 1 + : P. 2+: S. L. '05+*.
Virginia. Agriculture, State board of. Riclunond.

Annual report. Exp. '78, '88, '92-'94, '9G, '01, '03.

Bulletin. Exp. 7, 9. 11, 13, 18, 19, 33.
Virginia. .State crop pest coinmission. Pichmoncl.

Circular. Exp. o. s. 45; n. s. 4, 5.
Virginia. State entomologist and plant pathologist. Richinoncl.

Annual report. Exp. 5, 8.
Virginia truck experiment station. Xoi-folk.

Bulletin. Exp. 1 + .
Virginia university. Charlottesville.

Biennial report. Exp. '93, '84.
Virginia university. Philosophical society. Charlottesville.

Bulletin. Science series. Ac. ]'-'=: P. 1.
Virginia. State veterinarian. Blacksburg.

Aimual report. Exp. 1-3, 5.
Wagner free institute of science of Philadelphia (Pa).

Transactions. P]xp. 7.
Wallace's American trotting register. S. L. 1-13.
Wallace's farmer. Des IMoines, la. Exp. 28*, 29, 30*, 31*, 32*, 33*, 34",

3.>% 36+: P. 30+.
Wallace's monthly. Xew York. S. L. 1-14.
Warren (Pa.) academy of science.

Reports and papers. Ac. '07-'0S.

Transactions. Ac. 1>' 2- X. D. 1 + .
Washburn college. Tojjcka, Kan. Laboratory oi nalural history.

Bulletin. Ac. 1'-', 2^' '■ ".
Washburn observatory. See Wisconsin uni\crsif y.
Wa.shington (D. C). See Biological sociely.
Washington (1). C.) academy of science.

Journal. P. 1 + .

Proceedings. .\c. I + : 1. V. 1 + : X. I). 1 + : V. If: H. I'. 1-13: S. N. 1 + .
Washington (state). .\gi'icul1u!-al cxijerimcnl slalioii. rullii!;in.

.\nnual rejjort. Exp. 1-8, 10+: P. 1, «, 8, l<i+.

Bulletin. I'Ap. I-KXi. 109+: P. 1-S. 13, 2(»-2(), 2S-47, liMil. (13+.

Poi)ular bulletins. Exp. 1, 4, ()-7, 9-12, 11-1."), lS-24, 2<i. 2S-32, 34+.

Special bulletin. Exp. l-G, S + .

359

Washington (state) fruit grower. North Yakima. Exp. 3*.
Washington (state). Highway commission.

Biennial report. Exp. 3: P. 3.
Washington (state) horticultural society. Walla Walla.

Annual re|)ort. Exp. 7.
Washington imiversity. St. Louis, AJo.

Record. P. '09+.

Theses. P. 7, 14.
Washington university association.

Bulletin. P. 1 + .
Wellcome research laboratories. Khartoum, Africa.

Annual report. Exp. 2-4.
West American scientist. San Diego, Cal. Ac. 1, 3-8, 10-15*: E.xp. 12*,

13*, 14*, 15*.
West Virginia. Agricultural experiment station. Morgantown.

Annual reports. D. 3: E.xp. 1-15: P. 1 + .

Bulletin. D. 3-6, 12, 14-47, 19, 22, 25-27, 30, 44, 53, 54, 64, 65, 67, 68, 69,
96, 112-116. 134: E.xp. l+: P. 1+: S. L. '10-^.

Inspection bulletin of department of chemistry. P. l-(-.

Report of the work of the experiment station for the destruction of the
San Jose scale. Exp. '01 + .

Special bulletin, Exp. 1 + .
West Virginia. Agriculture, State board of. Charleston.

Biennial report. Exp. 3, 5-7.

Quarterly report. Exp. 1 + .
West Virginia. Conservation commission.

Report. P. 1 + .
West Virginia dairy association.

Annual report. Exp. 8.
West Virginia (state) horticultural society. Morgantown.

Annual report. Exp. 1, 13, 15, 17, 18.
Western architect. Minneapolis, Minn. G. 18+: N. D. 4*, 9, 10*, 11, 13*,

14*, 15, 16*, 17, 18+.
Western camera notes. N. I). 6*.
Western Canada irrigation association.

.\nnual report. Exp. '10.
Western druggist. Chicago, III. P. 8+.
Western electrician. Chicago, 111. I. U. 34+: M. 31-43||: R. P. 4-43||.

Combined in 1908 with Electrical review, q. v.

360

Western farmer and Kai'dner and horticultural magazine. Cincinnati N H

5: 8. L. 1-5.
Western horticultural review. Cincinnati, Ohio. P. 2, Sr.
Continued as Horticultural review and botanical magazine.

Western lancet and hospital reporter. Cincimiati. (). 1). 12-14.
Western New York apple. Barker. Exp. 1*.
Western New York horticultui'al society. Rochester.

Report. E.xp. 41-44, 46-56.
Western Pennsylvania society of engineers.

Proceedings. P. 22+.
Western poultry journal. Cedar Rapids, la. Kxp. 23+.
Western railway club. Chicago, 111.

Proceedings. P. 5, 6*, 7*, 8-16, 17*, 18*, 19 + .
Western society of engineers. Chicago, 111.

Journal. Ft. W. 18+: P. 1 + : R. p. i+.
Western stock journal. Oregon City, Ore. PJxp. 1*, 2+.
Westinghouse electric- company.

Bulletin. N. D. '03+.

Wiener universitat. Institut fur Anatomic und Physiologic des Centralnerve-
systems.

Arbeiten. I. U. 1 + .
Wilson bulletin. Oberlin, (). N. D. 22, 23, 24+: P. 14+.
Winnipeg (Manitoba). City engineer of.

Report. N. D. '98, '02+.
Wisconsin academy of sciences, arts and letters. Madison.

Transactions. Ac. 10-16: E. 3+: P. 3+: S. L. 1-9.
Wisconsin agricultural experiment association. .Madison.

-Viuiual report. p]xp. 3, 4, 6, 7.
Wisconsin. Agricultural experiment station. Madison.

Annual report. Exp. 1+: P. 1-5, 7+: R. P. '03-'07, '10+: S. L. •.S9-'93.

Bulletin. Exp. 1 + : P. l + : R. p. 8+.

Research bulletin. Exj). 1 + : R. p. i-M.
Wisconsin (state) agricultural society. Madison.

Report. S. L. 'ij9-'68, '71-'94.

Transactions. Exp. 2, 5, 8-12, 18, 20-25: P. 1-3, 5-8, 10-34.
Wi.sconsin. Agriculture, State board of. Madison.

Annual report. I'^p. '12: P. '00+.

Biennial report. P. '97-'00.

Bulletin. K.xj). 1.

361

Wisconsin agriculturist. Rncine. Exp. 33*, 34*, 35*, 36*, 37+.
Wisconsin archeologist. Milwaukee. I. U. 2+.
Wisconsin butter-makers' association. Madison.

.\nniial report. Exp. 6-9.
Wisconsin cane growers' association.

Annual report. Exp. 3.
Wisconsin. (State) conservation conunission.

Report. P. '10.
Wisconsin country magazine. Aladison. l*]xp. .5*.
Wisconsin (state) cranberry association.

Annual report. Exp. '99-'ll.
Wisconsin. Dairy and food commission. Madison.

.Vnnual report. Exp. '91-'94: P. '94.

Biennial report. Exp. '97, '98, '01, '02: P. '95-'10: 8. X. '92, '94, '96.
Wisconsin dairymen's association.

Annual report. Exp. 17-20, 2.5, 26, 28, 35-38: P. 6-9, 17+.
Wisconsin. Dunn county school of agricnlture. Menonionie. Exp. 3*, 4*, 5*,

6*.
Wisconsin farmers' institute. Madison.

Bulletin. Ex-p. 2, 6-8, 10: P. 1-10, 12, 14, 16-23.
Wisconsin. (State) forester.

Annual report. Exp. '06: P. '06+.
Wisconsin. Forestry commission.

Report. P. '06 -'08.
Wisconsin. Geological and natural history survey.

Biennial reports. P. 1-5.

Bulletin. I. U. 1-7*, 8-22, 25+: P. 2-17, 20+: T. H. 1-4.
Wisconsin. Health, State board of.

Annual report. P. '77-'82, '84, '85, '87-'06.
Wisconsin (state) horticultm'al society. Madison.

Bulletin. D. 12: Exp. 1-5, 9-10, 12-13.

Transactions. D. 13, 19: Exp. '76, '78-'86, '91, '94-'96, '98-'01, '03, '04,
'06-'08, '10+: N. D. 10: P. '74-'80, '85, '89+: 8. L. '87, '88, '90-'94.
Wisconsin horticulture. Madison. Exp. 1*, 2+.

Wisconsin. Marathon coimty school of agriculture and domestic economy.
Wausau.

Bulletin. Exp. 2*, 3*, 4*, 5*, 6*, 9*.

I

362

Wisconsin iiutuial history society. Milwaukee, Wis.

Bulletin. Ac. !'• ^, 2+: Exp. 7*, 8-10: N. D. 3+.
Wisconsin public museum. Milwaukee.

Bulletin. Exp. 1, 2.
Wisconsin university. Madison.

Bulletin. Exp. 141, 459, 480, 507, 508, 537, 547+.

Engineering series. E. 2: I. U. 1-4, 6+: P. 1+: K. P. 1-5, G*.
Science series. E.2:I.IT.1 + :P.1 + .
Wisconsin university. Pharmacy, Department of.

Ccjntributions. P. 1.
Wisconsin university. Washburn observatory.

Publications. I. U. 2-11.
Wisconsin; Winnebago county school of agriculture. Winneconne.

Quarterly bulletin. Exp. 3, 8, 15.
Wissenschaftliche Beilage zum Program ties Falk real Gymnasiums. Berlin,

Germany. X. D. '90.
Woodcraft. Cleveland, O. Ft. W. 19+: P. 8, 9, 10*, 11 + .
Wood's crop special. Richmond, Va. Exp. 3*, 4*, 5*, 6*.
Woodworlier. Indianapolis, Ind. Ft. W. 28+.
Wyoming. Agricultural experiment station. Laramie.

Annual report. Exp. '91 + : P. 1 + : S. L. '11, '12.

Bulletin. D. 19, 42-45: Exp. 1 + : P. 1 + : 8. L. 83-96*.
Wyoming. Dairy, food and oil commissioner. Cheyenne.

Annual report. Exp. 3-5.

Bulletin. Exp. 3-10.
Wyoming. (State) engineer.

Heport. P. 1-4.
Wyoming historical and geological society. Wilkes-Barre, Pa.

Proceedings and collections. Ac. 2'- -, 3.
Wyoming. Horticulture, State board of. Laramie.

Biennial report. Exp. 1-3.

Special renorf . P. 1*.
Yale university. New Haven, Conn. Astronomical observatory.

'I'ransaction;-. S. L. 1*, 2*.
Yale university. Psychological laboratory.

Sludies. L U. 1-10: n. s. 1 + : S. N. 1-10.
Yearbook of agricullui-e. Philadeli)hia. N. H. '5(i.
Yearbook of fads (\'incenl ). London, i'Jiglarid. \l. I'. '7.5.

363

Yearbook of facts in science and art (Timbs). London, England. N. H. '53: R.

P. '56-'68.
Yearbook of nature and popular science. New Y'ork. N. H. '73.
Zeitschrift der deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft. See Deutsche geoiogi-

sche Gesellschaft.
Zeitschrift der naturwissenschaftliehrn Abloitung. Posen, Germany. N. D.

19+.
Zeitschrift fiir arztlirlu' Fortbildung. Jena, Cierniany. I. U. 1-6.
Zeitschrift fiir allgemeine Physiologic. Jena, Germany. I. U. 1 + .
Zeitschrift fiir analytische Chemie. Wiesbaden, Germany. D. 32: Exp. 1+:

L U. 1 + : N. D. 40: R. P. 34+: W. 32-40.
Zeitschrift fiir angewandte Chemie. Berlin, Germany. I. U. 1 + .
Zeitschrift fiir angewandte Psychologic. Leipzig, Germany. I. U. 1-3, 5+.

Beihefte. L U. 1 + .
Zeitschrift fiir anorganische Chemie. Hamburg, Germany. P. 1 + : W. l-GS.
Zeitschrift fiir Biologic. Munich; Leipzig, Germany. D. 18.
Zeitschrift fiir I5otanik. Jena, Germany. Exp. 1-3: L U. 1 + .
Zeitschrift fiir experimentelle Pathologic und Therapie. Berlin, Germany.

I. U. 3+.
Zeitschrift fiir induktive Abstanimung imd Vererbimgslelire. Berlin, Germr.ny.

Exp. 5+.
Zeitschrift fiir Instrumentenkunde. IkMlin, German^y. P. 28+: R. P. 5.
Zeitschrift fiir mathematischen und naturwissenschaftlichen Unterricht. Leip-
zig; Berlin, Germany. L LT. 41 + .
Zeitschrift fiir Mathematik und Physik. Leipzig, Germany. L U. 40-51, 58+.
Zeitschrift fiir Morphologic und Anthropologic. Stuttgart, Germany. L V.

1 + .
Zeitschrift fiir piidagogische Psychologic, Pathologic, luid Liygicne. Berlin,

Germany. I. U. 1-12.
Zeitschrift fiir Pflanzenkrankheiten. Stuttgart, Germany. Exp. 1-4, 6+.
Zeitschrift fiir physikalische Chemie, Stochiometrie und Verwandtschafts-

lehre. Leipzig, Germany. I. U. 1 + : P. 1 : R. P. 47-56: W. 1 + .
Zeitschrift fiir physikalische und chemische Iinterricht. R. P. 3-5.
Zeitschrift fiir physiologische Chemie. Strassburg, Germany. L U. 1 + .
Zeitschrift fiir Psychologic und Physiologic der Sinncsorgane. Hanibiu-g,

Germany. I. LT. 1 + .
Zeitschrift fiir Schulgesundheitspflcge. Hamburg, Germany. I. LT. 1 + .
Zeitschrift fiir Socialwissenschaft. Berlin, Germany. I. U. 7-12.

364

Zeitschrift fiir Untersuchun^ dor Nahnings- und (ionussinittel. Berlin, (icr-

maiiy. Exp. 19+.
Zeitschrift fiir wissenschaftlichc Insoktenbiologic. Berlin, Germany. Ac.

7--".
Zeitschrift fiir wisscnschaftliche Mikroskopie und fiir mikroskopisehe Teehnik.

Leipzig; Brunswick, Germany. D. 1-10: Exp. 1-5: I. U. 21 + .
Zeitschrift fiir wissenschaftliche Zoologie. Leipzig Germany. L U. 46-69,

76-95, 97+: W. 63-68.
Zentralblatt. See Centralblatt.
Zoological I)ulletin. Boston, Mass. L U. 1, 2||.

Contiuned as Biological 1 uUetin, q. v.

Zoological record. London, England. D. 1-24: L U. 1-46, 48+.
Zoological society of London, England.

Transactions. I. U. 15*, 16*.
Zoologisch-zootomisches Institut. Wiirzburg, Germanj'.

Arbeiten. I. U. 9*, 10*.
Zoologische Station zu Ncapel, Italy.

Mittheilungen. L U. 1 + .
Zoologischer Anzeiger. Leipzig, Germany. D. 13-17 : L I . 1 + .
Zoologisches Centralblatt. Leipzig, Germany. I. U. 4-7, 9+.
Zurich (Switzerland) iiniversitat. Botanischer Garten und botanisches
Museum.

Mittheilungen. N. D. '13+.

865

INDEX

A.

PAGE

Active Members 22

Alcobol Water Mixtures, r.niling and ("oiuleusiuK I'oiiits of. P. X.

Evans 1.j1

Algae. Ecological Notes on Certain White liiver. I'aul Weatlierwax. 107

An Act for the Protection of Birds, Their Nests and Eggs 0

An Act to provide for the Publication of the lieports and Papers of

the Indiana Academy of Science 7

Andrews, F. :\r. Forests and Floods 203

Anderson, H. W. The Taxation of Forest Lands in Indiana 197

Aphanorayces Phycophilus De Bary. Paul Weatlierwax 100

Appropriation for 1913-1914 9

Arisaema. The Gonnination of Seeds of. F. L. Pickett 125

B.

Birds, Hunting Wild. Penalty 10

Birds, Their Nests and Eggs, An Act for the Protection ol' 9

By-laws 7

C.

Camptosorus Rhizophyllus, Studies of. F. I.. I'ickett 129

Center of Area and Center of Population of Indiana. W. A. Cogshall. . 141

Cogshall, W. A. Center of Area and Center of Population of Indiana. 141

Committees 11

Conner, S. D. Irish Potato Scab (Oospora Scabies), as Alfected by

Fertilizers Containing Sulphates and Chlorides 131

Conservation of Human Life. Pla.vgrounds and Recreation Centers

as Factors in. I >r. W. A. (iekler 215

Conservation of Human Lite. Public Toilets. Public Drinking Foun-
tains and Public Spitting in Relation to the. C. M. Hilliard. . . . 219

Conservation. Joint Conference on 41

Conservation of Public Health. The Relation of County Tuberculosis

Hospitals to. James Y. Welbourn, M. !► 213

Constitution 5

Coulter, Stanley. First Steps in Indiana Forestry 189

Craven, Jay A.. C. E. Sanitary Survey of Indiana Rivers 167

Culbertsou, Glenn. The Flood of March, 1913, Along the Ohio Itiver

and Its Tributaries in Southeastern Indiana 57

Curators 11

D.

PAGE

Diarrhoea. An Epicleinic of. Presumably Milk-borne. P. A. Tetranlt. . 75
Differential Equations. On the General Solution and So-Called Special

Solutions of Linear Non-homogeneous Partial. L. L. Steimley. . . . 157
Drosopbila Ampelophila. Inheritance of the Length of Life in. Ros-

coe R. Plyde 113

Dryer, Charles R. Wabash Studies. IV: The Flood of March. 191.'].

at Terre Haute ."(5

Dryer, Charles R. Wabash Studies. V : A Topographic Map of the

Terre Haute Area 13J)

E.

Evans, P. IS. Boiling and Condensing Points of Alcohol Water Mix-
tures 151

F.

Fellows 14

Flood, The. of :\Iarch, lOi:;, Along the Ohio River and Its Tributaries

in Southeastern Indiana. Glenn Culbertsou 57

Flood, The Wabash River, of 1913, at Lafayette. Indiana. R. L.

Sackett 63

Flood, Wabash Studies l\ : The. of INIarch 1913. at Terre Haute.

Chas. F. Dryer 55

Forest Lands. The Taxation of, in Indiana. H.W.Anderson 197

Forestr.y. First Steps in Indiana. Stanley Coulter 189

Forests and Floods. F. M. Andrews 20:'.

Fungous Infection. A Test of Indiana Varieties of Wheat Secil lor.

<Jeorge N. Hoffer 97

G.

Gekler, Dr. W. A. I'laygrounds and Recreation Centers as Factoi-s in

Conservation of Human Life 215

Gentian Violet. The Selective Action of. in P.acteriological Analysis.

r. M. Hilliard (59

TI.

Henry. (Jienwdod. ( )n tiie N'ertical 1 )ist i-ihut ion of the IManlUon in

^^'inona Lal<e 77

iiilliar.l. C M. Public Toilets. Public Drinking Fountains and I'nlilic

Spittintx in Itelalion to the Conservation of Human Life 219

Hilliard, (J. M. 'I'he Selective Action of GiMitian Violet in P.acterio-
logical Analysis 69

Hoffer. George N. A simple Appni'atns lor the Study of Pliototi-opie

Ifesponses in Seedlings 93

86'

PAGE

Hoffer. Georiie N. A Test <>r Indiana Varii'ties dl' Wlu'at; Seed r<ir

Fungous Infection ".)7

Hoffer, George X. Pyropolyporus Everliartii (Ellis and (4all i .Mui-rill

as a Wound Parasite !i!i

Hyde. Roscoe R. rnlicritanee of tlie Length of Life in Drosor)liila Ani-

pelopliila 1 13

Irish I'otatu Scah (Oospora Scahie.s) as Affected l)y Fertilizers Con-
taining Sulphates and Chlorides. S. D. Conner 1.31

M.

Mance, G. <". I'owei- Ecduoniy in Southern Indiana Quarry Industry. 22-3

Members. Active 14

Members. Non-resideut 14

Minutes of Spring Meeting 35

Minutes of Twenty-ninth Annual Meeting of the Indiana Academy of

Science 37

Morrison, Edwin, and B. D. Morris. A ^Modified Permeameter 159

Mosses, The. of Monroe County. Indiana. II. Mildred Xotlmagel and

F. L. Pickett 103

N.

Nelscm. K. E.. ,1. H. Ransom and. Acyl Derivatives of O-Aminophenol 145
Xothnagel. Mildred, and F. L. Pickett. The MoSvSes of Moni-oe County,

Indiana. IT 103

O.

O-Aminophenol. Acyl Derivatives of. .T. H. Ransom and R. E. Xelson. 145

Officers ' 11

Officers, Table of 1'5

Ohio River. Tlie Flood of March. 1013. Along the. and Its Tribu-
taries in Southeastern Indiana 57

P.

I'ermeameter. A Modified. Edwin Morrison and P>. D. Morris 159

Photograjihic Paiier. The Shrinkage of. R. R. Ramsey 143

Phototropic Responses. A Simple Apparatus for the Study of. in Seed-
lings. Geoi'ge X". Hoffer 93

Pickett, F. L. Studies of Camptosorus Rhizophyllns. etc 129

Pickett, F. L. The Germination of Seeds of Arisaema 125

Pickett. F. L.. Mildred Xothnagel and. The Mosses of Monroe County.

Indiana. II 103

368

PAGE

Plaulvtoii. On the Vertial Distribution of the. in Winona Lalie. (Jlen-

wood Henry 77

Power Economy in the Southeastern Quarry Industry. G. C. Mance.. 22o
President's Address. The Woi-k of the Indiana Academy of Science.

Donaldson Bodine 4?.

Public Offenses — Hunting Wild P>irds — I'enalty 10

P.vropolyporusi Everhartii (Ellis and Gall) :\Iurrill as a Wound I'ara-

site. Georce X. Hoffer !)9

R.

Ramsey, R. R. The Shrinkage of Photographic Paper 143

Ransom, J. H., and R. E. Nelson. Acyl Derivatives of 0-Aminoplienol . 145
Relation of Lakes to Floods. The, with Special Reference to certain

Lakes and Streams of Indiana. Will Scott 173

Report of Committee on "A List of the Scientific and Technical Ser-
ials in the Libraries of the State of Indiana" 'SAI

Reports and Papers. An Act to Provide for the PuI»lir;ition of the.

of the Indiana Academy of Science 7

Resolution of Sympathy to Hon. Charles W. Fairltanks 34

S.

Sackett, R. L. The Wabash River Flood of l!^tl3, at Lafa.vette. In-
diana (J3

Sanitary Survey of Indiana Rivers. J. A. Craven, C. E I(i7

Scientific and Technical Serials. List of, in the Libraries of Indiana. . 240
Scott, Will. The Relation of Lakes to Floods with Special Reference

to Certain Lakes and Streams of Indiana 173

Steimley, L. L. On the General Solution and So-called Special Solu-
tions ot Linear Xon-honiogeneous Partial Differential Kipi.-itions. . ir)7

T.
TetranU, I*. A. An Epidemic of Diari'hoea, Presumably .Milk-borne... 75

W.

Wabash River. The Flood of P.ii:;. at Lafayette, Indiana. R. 1,.

Sackett (i3

Wai)ash Studies IV: The Flood of .March l;»i;!. at Terre Haute.

Charh's R. I )iyer .55

AVal)ash Studies \' : A Tojiographic Ala]) of the '1\m-i-(> Haute \rv:\.

Ciiarles l{. 1 >ryer i:;!i

Weatherwax. i'anl. Aphanomyces Phycophilus De P.ary lOP

Weatherwax, Paul. lOcological Notes on C(>rtain Whit(^ River .\igae. . 107
\Velb<)urn, James Y.. M.I). The Relation of County 'I'ubei-cubisis Hos-

jiitals to Conservation of Public Health 203

III! mill III 111
3 2044

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106 261

977

Date Due