THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LiNNEAN Society NEW SOUTH WALES. (Secoh^TZD Sei^iesJ VOL. VIII. -W^IXZI T"WENTY-EICiHT PIRATES. FOR THE YE^R 1893. (Ss^neg : PRINTED AND PUBLISHED FOB THE SOCIETY BY F. CUNNINGHAME & CO., 146 PITT STREET, AND SOLD BY THE SOCIETY. 1894. SYDNFA' : F. CUNNINGHAME AND CO., PRINTERS, PITT STREET. CONTENTS OP VOL. VIII. (SEOOiq"ID SERIES.) PART I. (Issued July S8th, 1893.) PAGE On Dinornis (?) Queenslandice. By Captain F. W. Hutton, F.R.S., Hon. Mem. 7 Note on the Upper Incisor of Phascolonus. By C. W. De Vis, M.A., Corr. Mem, (Plate i.) 11 Description of a new Species of Acacia. By Baron von Mueller, K.C.M.G., M. & Ph.D ., F.R.S., and J. H. Maiden, F.L.S., F.C.S. (Platen.) 13 Descriptions of some new Araneidm of New South Wales. No. ii. By W. J. Rainbow. (Plate m.) 16 Studies in Australian Entomology. By T. G. Sloane. No. vi. — Description of a new Tiger-beetle (Megacephala) from Queensland ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 25 On the Life-Histories of Australian Coleoptera. Part i. By Walter W. Froggatt 27 Note on Cassis Wyvillei, Watson, from the Solomon Islands. By John Brazier, F.L.S., C.M.Z.S 43 Note on the Occurrence of the Mineral Sphene in granite from Bathurst. By T. W. E. David, B.A., F.G.S 44 Note on the Occurrence of the Sanderling (Calidris arenaria) in Borneo. By Henry Seebohm 49 Note on Bacterial Diseases of the Roots of the Lerjuminosce. By Thos. L. Bancroft, M.B., Edin. (Plate iv.) ... 51 Revision of the Australian Amaryrjmides. Part ii. — The Genera Chalcopterus (continued) and Amarygmus. By Rev. T. Black- burn, B.A., Corr. Mem 53 2777G IV. CONTENTS. PART I. (contimied). PAGE Synonymy of and Remarks on Old-described Australian Mollusca, with Notes on their Distribution. By John Brazier, F.L.S., C.M.Z.S. 107 Note on the Occurrence of Lepidodendron in Upper Devonian Rocks at Mount Lambie, near Rydal, New South Wales. By E. F. Pittman, Assoc. R.S.M., and T. W. E. David, B. A., F.G.S 121 Note on the Discovery of a Bone-deposit in the Parish and County of Sandon, N.S.W. By John Mitchell ... 127 Elections and Announcements 46 Donations .. 1, 46 Notes and Exhibits 43,126 PART II. (Issued March 12th, 1S9U.) PAGE Descriptions of new Australian Lepidoptera, with additional Localities for known Species. By Thomas P. Lucas, M.R.C.S., Eng,, L.S.A., Lond., L.R.C.P. &M., Ed 133 Some New South Wales Plants Illustrated. No. v. — Angophora suh- velutina, F.v.M. By R. T. Baker, Assistant Curator, Technological Museum, Sydney. (Plate v.) 167 The Silurian Trilobites of New South Wales, with References to those of other Parts of Australia. Part ii. — The Genera Proetus and Gyphasjns. By R, Etheridge, Junr., Palseontologist to the Australian Museum, and Geological Survey of N. S. Wales, and John Mitchell, Public School, Narellan. (Plates vi.-vii. figs. 3z-;fcand4a-c.) 169 On a new Murex from South Australia. By John Brazier, F.L.S., C.M.Z.S 179 Notes on Australian Coleoptera, with Descriptions of new Species. Part xiii. By the Rev. T. Blackburn, B.A., Corr. Mem. ... 185 Notes on the Family Brachyscelidoe, with Descriptions of new Species. Part ii. By Walter W. Froggatt, Technological Museum, Sydney. (Plate viii.) 209 CONTENTS. V. PART II. (continued). PAGE On the Habit and Use of Nardoo (Marsilea Drummondii, A.Br.), together with some Observations on the Influence of Water-Plants in retarding Evaporation. By Thos. L. Bancroft, M.B., Edin... 215 Note on an abnormal Connection of the Renal-Portals in a young male Frog (Limnody7iastes peronii). By Jas. P. Hill, F.L.S. .. ... 222 On a new Species of Coccid on Fern-Roots. By W. M. Maskell. (Plate VII. figs. 1-4.) 225 On a new Skink Lizard from Tasmania. By 0. Frost, F.L.S., and A. H. S. Lucas, M.A., B.Sc 227 Description of a new Cystignathoid Frog from New South Wales. By J. J. Fletcher 229 Some New South Wales Plants Illustrated. No. vi. — Acacia suhulata, Bonpl. By R. T. Baker, Assistant Curator, Technological Museum, Sydney. (Plate ix.) 237 Note on GoUna Brazieri, Tryon. By Professor R. Tate 244 Notes on Australian Coleoptera, with Descriptions of new Species. Part xiv. By the Rev. T. Blackburn, B.A., Corr. Mem. ... 245 Descriptions of some new Araneidce of New South Wales. No. iii. By W. J. Rainbow. (Plate x.) 287 Notes on Aboriginal Stone Weapons and Implements. Nos. xviii.-xx. By R. Etheridge, Junr., Palaeontologist to the Australian Museum, and Geological Survey of N. S. Wales. (Plates xi.-xiii.) ...295 Three additional Types of Womerah or "Throwing-Stick." By R. Etheridge, Junr., Palaeontologist to the Australian Museum, and Geological Survey of N, S. Wales. (Plate xiv.) 300 Note on additional Localities for Astele subcarinata, Sw. By John Brazier, F.L.S., C.M.Z.S 303 Botanical Notes from the Technological Museum, Sydney. No. i. By J. H. Maiden, F.L.S., and R. T. Baker, F.L.S. (Plate xv.) 309 Descriptions of new Species of 5o.sreniolar of Phascolomis now in evidence, and such as is required to fill an empty socket in another specimen. On these grounds alone, apart from others to be adduced hereafter, the derivation of the fossil from Phascolonus may be confidently afiirmed. Included in it is the greater part of an incisor. At its outlet, where its free portion has been broken away, its section is an oval, constricted in the middle of its length, 42 mm. in its vertical and 22 mm. in its transverse diameter ; measurements which indicate an unexpected robustness of form. The lateral constriction, increasing as it recedes, forms on the exposed surface of the inner side of the tooth a broad deep groove, which, with a similar channel on the opposite side, partially divides the fang into two unequal columns, the lower of them being the larger. The end of this lower one is broken away ; the smaller and upper column rapidly contracts with a striated and puckered surface to the edge of a funnel-shaped cavity, at the bottom of which is a loop-shaped adit into the interior of the column. The ends of the two columns were at some distance apart and not in the same vertical line. It has tor some time been suspected by the writer that the PJiascolonus incisor would prove to end in this manner ; it was an opinion based on certain features in the alveoli of a maxillary 12 NOTE ON THE UPPER INCISOR OF PHASCOLONUS. from which all the teeth have been lost. This is broken in such a way as to expose the ends of the sockets of the premolar and first true molar. Just above and behind the apex of the molar alveolus there is a deep round cavity which does not form part of tliat alveolus, and, similarly situated in relation to the premolar socket, is a smaller cavity of the same kind more distant from the axis of the skull and on a lower level than the other and separated from it by a sepiment of bone. These t^vo cavities have evidently received ends of the fang of an incisor similar to the ends exposed in the fossil premaxillary. As the shape and size of the alveoli in this specimen prove it to have belonged to the skull of Phas- colonus we have in it a confirmation of the validity of the reference of the incisor to that genus. Among a number of large teeth which have at various times been set aside as incapable of recognition is a nearly entire right incisor, smaller than, but in all essential points agreeing with, that of the present fossil, the chief diflferences being that its lateral grooves are narrower, the columns formed by them less unequal in size, and their extreme ends apparently not so far separated from each other, but the last particular is uncertain, as the part is much mutilated. The anterior portion of this tooth tapers slowly from the outlet forwards ; the lateral grooves are continued to the cutting edges ; the enamel investment of the upper surface extends over the inner but not over the outer groove, consequently the iriner edge of the surface of wear is the longer, and it formed with that of the contiguous tooth a sharp longitudinal ridge from which the abraded surface of dentine slopes outward and upward to the outer angle of the enamelled edge. The worn surface of the tooth is undulatory and 37 "5 mm. in length. The whole tooth is 145mm. long; at its thickest part near the centre its diameters are 31*5 and 26*5. It has a moderate curve in its whole length and is more curved on its upper than on its lower surface. The discovery of this tooth must set aside all speculation as to the identity of Scejxirnodon with Phascolonus. The premaxillary fossil is from Cambooya, the maxillary from Chinchilla, both localities on the Darling Downs. 13 DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF ACACIA. By Barox von Mueller, K.C.M.G., M. & Ph.D., F.R.S., and J. H. Maiden, F.L.S., F.C.S. (Plate u.) Acacia Jonesil Branchlets beset with minute hairlets, not angular ; leaves on very short petioles; [)innules in 6 or 5 or rarely less pairs, rather distant, almost sessile, rachis minutely puberulous, bearing a very small de[)ressed glandule between each racheole ; leaflets in 16 or less pairs, quite small, linear- or narrow-elliptical, glabrous, concave, with an acute somewhat recurved apex, on both sides of the same deep green ; flower-headlets simply racemous, their peduncles of somewhat less length during anthesis and like the rachis and flowers nearly or quite glabrous ; bracts very much shorter than the flowers ; calyx about as broad as long, sinuate- five-denticulate, of somewhat less than half the length of the corolla ; fruit much compressed, rather narrow, only slightly curved, glabrous ; seeds placed almost diagonally, occupying most of the breadth of the valves, broadly ovate, rather turgid, deep black, somewhat shining, their lateral areoles large, but of faint demarcation ; funicle very short and almost straight ; strophiole whitish, dimidiate-ovate and somewhat cymbiform, of one-third or hardly half the length of the seed. Near Barber's Creek, in the Goulburn district. New South Wales; H. J. Riimsey. As far as seen, this plant appears to be of exceedingly local distribution, being confined to an area of about an acre. It is a dwarf shrub, 2 to 3 feet liigh, with a stem-diameter only to | of 14 DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF ACACIA, an inch. Leaf-racbis generally 1-1 J inches long. Pinnules seldom exceeding an inch in length and some shortened to half an inch. Leaflets ^ to ^ inch long. Racemes mostly axillary and solitary, usually much longer than the leaves. The rachis of each raceme very flexuous. Flowers in the headlets not very numerous. Fruit IJ-S inches long, ^-^ inch broad, usually devoid of conspicuous marginal sinuosity, the valves of rather thin texture. Seeds mostly about ^ inch long. This species differs from A. puhescensm much shorter indnment, less closely approximated and fewer pinnules, somewhat channelled and distinctly pointed leaflets, rachis-glandules present at all the ])innules, broader racheole, larger headlets of flowers on shorter stalklets, glabrous, shorter and seemingly never paniculated racemes ; but in carpological characteristics both species are much alike, except that the valves of A. puhescens are less coriaceous, narrower, more constricted between the seeds, while the seeds themselves are proportionately narrow and placed longitudinally. From A. Baileyana, which was more recently collected by Mr. Garland and Mr. Coker also between the Marrumbidgee and Lachlan Eivers, our new species is distinguished chiefly in pinnules always more numerous to each leaf and much narrower in outline, in leaflets less blunt, with the median line very faint and not near the anterior margin, neither glaucous nor flat, in racemes shorter, with also less elongated stalklets to the headlets, in fruits narrower with less space left between the seeds and the sutures of the valves. From A. polyhotrya^ recorded now also from Wybong Creek, a tributary of the Hunter River, the new congener is distinguished by leaves much smaller and always glabrous, with neither bluntish nor flat and also less inequilateral leaflets, by fruits of lesser size with seeds placed more longitudinally, and by the funicle enlarging into a very conspicuous strophiole. From A. leptoclada it recedes strikingly in the absence of copious long spreading hairlets on the branchlets and headlets, in leaves more numerously pinnulate and probably also in characteristics of well-developed flowers and fruits, neither of which are as yet BY BARON VON MUELLER AND J. H. MAIDEN. 15 available for comparison, though the plant has farther been collected in New England by the late Rev. R. Collie, F.L.S. From A. cardiophylla, which is now also known from the vicinity of the Lachlan River through Mr, J. Duff*, A. Jonesii deviates in leaflets seemingly never puberulous, evidently longer hut proportionately narrower and forming longer pinnules, in calyces neither deeply lobed nor ciliolated, and again the carpologic comparisons in this instance cannot yet be fully carried out. Finally there should still be alluded to a resemblance of A. decurreyis in its variety paztci/zt^a from far inland regions ; but the branchlets of our new species are not angular, the petioles are very short, the leaflets pointed, darker green, more concave and less slender, the inflorescence less compound and the fruits smaller. The A. decurrens var. Leichhardtii (Benth. Fl. Austral. II., 415) has, however, to be raised to specific rank, as it is distinct both from A. decu7'7'ens and A. pubescens. The late Mr. J. O'Shanesy sent it from the environs of Wide Bay, Queensland, but also in an imperfect state; it has received the name of A. O^Shanesii. This dwarf floriferous and pretty Acacia, well worthy of a place in gardens, is named in honour of Dr. Sydney Jones, President of the Australasian Medical Congress at Sydney, whose distinguished reputation is only equalled by his munificence in the cause of medical science. EXPLANATION OF PLATE II. Acacia Jonesii. 1. Flowering twig, 2. Flower-bud. 3. Expanded flower. 4. Front and back view of stamens. 5. Ovulary. 6. Ripe pod. 7. Seed. 8. Leaf-rachis, showing glandules. 9. Portion of a phyllode. (All enlarged, but to various extent, except 1 and 6.) 16 DESCRIPTIONS OF SOjMK NEW ARANEID.E OF N.S.W DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEW ARANEID^ OF NEW SOUTH WALES. No. 2. By W. J. Rainbow. (Plate III.) Family EPEIRID^. This family has a wide geographical range, and representatives of it are met with in countries varying greatly in temperature. They are, for the most part, sylvan in their choice of locality, though many of them construct their orbitular snares under eaves of buildings, verandahs, and other prominent and exposed posi- tions. Both as regards size, form, structure and consistency of their integument there are many interesting and remarkable contrasts, in which respect the Australian species present some notable examples. Many of the Epeiridce are also remarkable for their bright and gorgeous colours, of which the genera Ep'eira, Argiope, Nepliila^ Arcys, &c., supply most interesting types. Of the species described in the present paper, all are represen- tatives of Micro-Araneidw, and with the exception of Anepsia crinita, each is endowed in life with more or less bright and striking colours. Genus E p E I R A, "Walck. Epeira diversiCOLOR, sp.nov. (Plate III. figs. 1, la, lb.) 9. Cephalothorax, l'3mm. long, 1 mm. broad; abdomen, 2mm. long, 1 mm. broad. Cephalothorax dark glossy mahogany-brown, glabrous. Caput somewhat elevated, rounded on sides and upi)er part ; normal BY W. J. RAINBOW. 17 grooves and indentations indistinct. Clyjyeus broad, moderately convex, and with a strong deep indentation posteriorly. Marginal band narrow, dull black, sparsely furnished with minute black hairs. Eyes of pearl-grey lustre ; the four intermediate ones are seated on a prominence, forming a square, or nearly so, and are the largest of the eight ; the lateral pairs are much the smallest, and are placed obliquely on small tubercles, but are not contiguous. Legs long, moderately strong, pale yellow with dark annulations at joints, and each furnished with long coarse blackish hairs and small spines ; relative lengths, 1, 2, 4, 3. . Palpi long, strong ; the first, second, third and fourth joints pale yellowish ; fifth yellowish-brown at base, but deepening to dark brown at tips ; similar iu armature to legs. Falces glossy mahogany-brown, powerful, articulated on inclined plane, furnished with a few short yellowish sessile hairs, and armed with teeth on the inner surface. Maxilloi concolorous, short, strong, slightly concave at apex. Labium concolorous, short, broad, and rounded off at apex. Sternum elliptical, dark brown, sparsely furnished with short hoary hairs. Abdo7nen ovate, projecting over base of cephalothorax, convex above, furnished with long white and a few short black hairs ; colour ochreoiis-yellow, with large, prominent, dark-brown patch towards anterior extremity, the outer margin of which is ochreous- red; there are also two narrow and somewhat sinuous longitudinal ochreous-red stripes commencing towards the centre and terminat- ing at the abdominal extremity ; the space between these stripes is ochreous-yellow, mottled with reddish-brown ; besides these there are also four large black spots near the middle, and a few exceedingly minute ones distributed over the upper surface. The sides of tlie abdomen are furnished with curved oblique markings, of a dark brown colour, which unite near the upper surface ; the colour of the spaces in between these is ochreous-yellow, mottled with dark brown. Inferior surface convex, black, with a rather large patch of bright yellow between spinnerets and epigyne. 9 18 DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEW ARANEID-E OF N.S.W., Epigyne a long transverse, curved slit, curvature directed forwards ; u})per lip with a tolerably strong indentation at centre. Hah. — Sydney. Epeira pulchra, sp.no v. (Plate III. figs. 2, 2a, 2b, 3, 3a.) 9. Cephalothorax, 1-5 ram. long, I mm. broad; abdomen, 2mm. long, 2 mm. broad. Cei)halothorax yellow-brown, sparsely furnished with a few long hoary hairs. Caput elevated, rounded on sides and up])er part, normal grooves and indentations distinct ; ocular area furnished with a few long, coarse, hoary haii's. Clypeus broad, convex, darker than cephalic eminence. Marginal hand narrow, nearly black, fringed with short black hairs. Eyes arranged as in E. diver sicolor. Legs long, strong, pale yellow, with dark annulations, and furnished with long strong yellowish hairs, and short strong spines ; relative lengths, 1, 2, 4, 3. Paljji concolorous, long, strong, and similar in armature to the legs. Falces yellow^ish, rather darker at base and extremities, furnished with a few short hairs, and armed with teeth on the inner surface. Maxillm yellowish ; short, strong, broad, convex, inclined inwards ; thickly fringed with short strong hairs at inner margin of apex, a few short black ones on outer extremity. Lahium concolorous, coniform, furnished with fringe of short blackish hairs at apex. Sternum yellow-brov.-n, shield-shaped, broad, sparsely clothed with long white hairs. Ahdomen broad-ovate, projecting over base of cephalothorax, convex, furnished with a few long strong hairs ; a large, dark, leaf-like mark, mottled with bright yellow, whose lateral markings are sinuous, and which tapers to the spinnerets, commences nearly midway, and extends along the middle ; a broad bright yellow patch, delicately marked w^ith irregular brown tracings, and also divided by a rather broad median dark brown band, is seated at BY W. J. RAINBOW. 19 anterior extremity; sides and inferior surface mottled with patches of black and bright yellow. Epigyne convex, broad, dark brown ; hrancldal O'percula dark brown also. Hah. — Sydney. ^. Cephalothorax, 1mm. long; abdomen, 1-3 mm. long. The male differs but little from the female in general appear- ance. The c&phalic eminence is rather darker, as is also the clypeus^ which towards the marginal band is nearly black. The legs are a paler yellow than those of the 9, and the annulations somewhat darker. Palpi short, similar in colour to the legs, furnished with long hairs, and complicated. Falces yellow. Maxilke, labium, and s ter7ium d-dvker than those of the female. Abdomen broadly-ovate, projecting over base of cephalothorax ; similar in colouration to the female, but the yellow patch at anterior extremity is furnished with two rather large dark brown spots, and is not divided with a median band as in the ^ example. Hah. — Sydney. Epeira rubripunctata, sp.nov. (Plate III. fig. 4.) 9. Cephalothorax, 2 mm. long, 1-5 mm. broad; abdomen, 2*5 mm. long, 2 mm. broad. Cephalothorax yellowish, somewhat compressed before. Caput elevated, rounded on sides and upper part ; normal grooves and indentations distinct. Clypeus yellowish, faintly suffused with red at broadest part, convex, furnished with short yellowish hairs. Marginal hand narrow, rather dark, fringed with short yellowish hairs. Cephalic segment deep reddish-brown at base, becoming gradually lighter towards apex, which is light reddish-brown at summit and pale yellow laterally, furnislied with a few long strong coarse hairs ; there is also a fringe of short yellowish hairs in front and below ocular area. 20 DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEW ARANEID.E OF N.S.W., Eyes of an opalino tint ; the four intermediate eyes seated on a prominence, nearly forming a square ; the two anterior ones are ratlior tlie widest apart, and are the largest of the eight ; the eyes of each lateral pair are placed obliquely on a small tubercle, but are nob contiguous. Leg^ long, moderately strong, yellow-bi'own, trochanters and tibife of all four annulated dai-k brown ; relative lengths, 1, 2, 4, 3; each is furnished with long coarse hairs and strong spines. Palpi long ; first, second, and third joints pale yellowish, fourth and fifth rather darker ; armature similar to that of legs. Falces strong, yellowish, furnished with a few short strong black bristles, and armed with teeth on the under side. Maxilke short, strong, rounded at extremity, furnished with a few rather long and strong black hairs ; yellowish, suffused with bistre. Lahlum concolorous, short, broad, rounded off at apex. Sternum concolorous, broad, shield-shaped, sparingly clothed with hairs. Abdomen ovate, outline somew^hat sinuous, projecting over base of cephalothorax, moderately convex above, furnished with a few short white hairs; colour, silvery-white, dotted over with numerous small red spots, besides which there are six large spots of a reddish- brown colour, placed in three rows ; those of the first row are somewhat the largest of the six and the widest apart, and those of the third row the smallest and closest together ; there are also two large sinuous black lateral bands on superior surface which are pointed, the points being directed outwards ; inferior surface black, sides pale yellowish with black flecks. Epiyyne broad, moderately convex, furnished with a long articu- lated membranous process, which is directed forwards ; colour yellowish. i7a6.— Manly. Epeira sinuosus, sp.nov. (Plate III. fig. 6.) Q. Cephalothorax, 2 mm. long, 1-5 mm. broad; abdomen, 3 mm. long, 2 mm. broad. BY \V. J. RAINBOW. 21 Gephalothorax yellowish, hairy. Caput elevated, rounded on sides and upper part, normal grooves distinct. Clypeus convex, thickly furnished with long hoary hairs ; colour yellowish, a dark brown patch in centre, sides suffused with orange-red. Marginal band narrow, anterior portion dark brown, latter portion pale yellow. Cephalic segment dark brown at base, apex and sides yellow-brown, furnished with short hoary hairs. Eyes similar to those of E. rubripunctata. Legs long, moderately strong, yellow, with dark brown annu- lations, furnished with coarse hairs and short strong spines ; relative lengths, 4, 1, 2, 3. Paljn long and similar in colour and armature to legs. Falces hairy, outer margins yellow-brown, front and inner margins nearly black ; a row of teeth along margins of each falx on underside. Maxillce short, strong, somewhat club-shaped, black, furnished with a few short black hairs. Labium concolorous, short, broad at base, rounded off at apex. Sternum concolorous also, shield-shaped, sparsely furni^shed with short hairs. Abdomen ovate, outline sinuous, elevated in front, projecting over base of cephalothorax, moderately convex, furnished with short hoary hairs ; four somewhat deep punctures, forming a square at middle of superior surface; fulvous spotted with red ; posterior extremity dark ; there is also a large patch of dark brown in front, the border of which is tinged with red ; inferior surface dark brown ; a long articulated membranous flesh- coloured process, directed forwards, and similar to epigyne of E. rubriiounctata is in connection with the prominent sexual organ. Hab. — Sydney. Epeira hamiltoni, sp.no v. (Plate III. figs. 7, 7a.) Q. Cephalothorax, 2 mm. long, 1*5 mm. broad; abdomen, 3 mm. long, 2 mm. broad. Cephalothorax yellow-brown, furnished with a few rather long coarse yellowish hairs. Cap at elevated and rounded on sides and «>9 DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEW ARANEIDiE OF N.S.W., upper part, normal grooves and indentations distinct, pale yellow at apex. Clypeus broad, convex, a strong deep depression at posterior extremity ; yellow-brown with dark lateral markings radiating from near the centre. Margined hand narrow, dark, and furnished with a fringe of dark minute hairs. Eyes glossy black, elevated on rings ; four intermediate eyes largest of group, forming a square or nearly so ; those of each lateral pair seated on tubercles, and nearly contiguous. Legs long, moderately strong, yellow-brown with dark annula- tions at joints ; relative lengths, 1, 2, 4, 3 ; furnished with strong coarse hairs and short black spines ; each tarsus terminates with four cur\red claws, the three superior ones of which are much the longest and strongest, and have a row of teeth near their base on the underside. Palpi long, strong, similar in colour and armature to the legs. Falces yellow-brown, furnished with a few strong coarse bristles ; a row of teeth along margins of each falx on underside. MaxUlcB pale yellow, short, strong, furnished with short yellowish hairs. Labium concolorous, broad at base, narrow and rounded off at apex. Sternum cordate, glossy black, furnished with a few yellowish hairs. Abdomen ovate, moderately convex, projecting over base of cephalothorax, furnished with short yellowish sessile hairs ; colour of superior surface dark brown, pale yellowish laterally ; a large leaf-like design, mottled with pale yellow and dark brown, whose lateral margins are dark brown and sinuous, and which tapers to the spinnerets, extends along the middle ; inferior surface dark brown with yellowish lateral patches, and furnished with a few short yellowish sessile hairs. Epigyne a long transverse slit, with a short, bluntish dark- coloured membranous process directed forwards. Hah. — Guutawang, near Mudgee. I have much pleasure in dedicating this species to my esteemed correspondent, Mr. A. G. Hamilton, of Mount Kembla, to whose BY W. J. RAINBOW. 23 kindness I am indebted not only for the specimen herein described but for other interesting types from the same neighbourhood. Genus A N e p s i a, Koch. Anepsia crinita, sp.nov. (Plate III. figs. 5, 5a.) 5. Cephalothorax, 2*5 mm. long, 2 mm. broad; abdomen, 3 mm long, 2 mm. broad. Cephalothorax yellow-brown, striated with bistre, and clothed with long coarse yellow hairs. Caput elevated, convex ; normal grooves and indentations distinct. Clypeiis broad, moderately convex, with a strong deep indentation posteriorly. Marginal hand narrow, dark, fringed with short black hairs. Eyes dark ; the four intermediate ones seated on a somewhat quadrangular protuberance, forming a square, are of equal size, and much the largest of the eight ; the eyes of each lateral pair minute, placed obliquely on a small tubercle, and not contiguous. Legs long, moderately strong, yellow-brown, with dark brown annulations, hairy, and furnished with moderately long and strong spines; relative lengths, 1, 2, 4, 3. Palpi long, strong, and similar in colour and armature to the legs. Falces yellow-brown, articulated on inclined plane, clothed with yellowish hairs which are thickest at base and inner margins ; a row of teeth along margins of each falx on the underside, Maxillm short, strong, broadest at apex, which is rounded off; yellowish, furnished with hairs and a few short rather strong spines. Lahiiim concolorous, short, broad, and rounded off at apex. Sternum broad, shield-shaped, dark brown approaching black, sparsely furnished with short yellowish sessile hairs. Abdomen broad-ovate, somewhat compressed towards posterior end, projecting over base of cephalothorax, dull dark brown, mottled with a few yellowish flecks ; a large leaf -like mark, the lateral margins of which are sinuous, and which tapers towards 24 DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NE\V ARANEID^E OF N.S.W. the spinners, faintly visible ; superior surface thickly clothed with short dark hairs ; there is also a rather thick fringe of long strong hoary hairs at anterior end, and which project over base of ce})ha- lothorax ; sides and inferior surface thickly furnished with strong tawny hairs. /fa6.— Manly. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Plate hi. Fig. 1. — Epcira diversicolor. la. — Profile view of spider. 16. — Epigyne. Fig. 2. — Ep'eira pulchra, '^ 2a. — Epigyne. 26.— Eyes. Fig. 3. — Ep'eira pulchra, $ 3a. — Maxillary palpus of $ as seen from above. Fig. 4. — Ep'eira ruhripunctata. Fig. 5. — Anepsia crinita. 5a. — Eyes. Fig. 6. — Ep'eira sinuosus. Fig. 7. — E. hamiltoni. 7a.— Epigyne. 25 STUDIES IN AUSTRALIAN ENTOMOLOGY. No. VI.— DESCRIPTION OF A NEW TIGER BEETLE FROM QUEENSLAND. By Thomas G. Sloane. Megacephala frenchi, n.sp. Robust, oval, cylindricaL Metallic green, with a bluish tinge in some lights ; antennae, labrum, mentum, prosternum, meso- sternum, metasternum, ventral segments (excepting lateral parts of three basal ones), legs and inflexed part of elytra black ; palpi yellowish-brown. Head large, convex, smooth ; eyes prominent, convex. Prothorax hardly broader than long (5 x 5 J mm.), convex, smooth ; disc a little depressed in front ; anterior margin sinuate ; base sinuate — the middle roundly produced backwards — bordered on each side near basal angles, these rounded off; median line strongly impressed between anterior and posterior transverse line; anterior transverse line sinuate, not extending to margins, strongly impressed on each side, weaker and sub- circularly more remote from anterior margin in middle ; posterior transverse line strongly impressed, almost straight, a little bent forward in middle, not extending to margins, ending in a shallow foveiform impression on each side. Elytra oval (ll^x6Jmm.), roundly convex, widest rather behind middle ; base truncate ; shoulders rounded ; apex widely and evenly rounded ; basal part of elytra for a little less than half the length strongly punctate ; the apical part smooth ; the punctures of basal part forming eight rows on each elytron, these (excepting the sutural and marginal rows) rather irregular ; two strong punctures a little behind the others along the line of the second row, three others, much smaller ./ 26 STUDIES IN AUSTRALIAN ENTOMOLOGY. and but slightly perceptible, further towards apex along same line ; the punctures of the marginal row finer and widely placed behind the punctate part, becoming towards apex merely fine points ; border narrow not reflexed. Length 19, breadth 6^ mm. Hah. — Cloncurry River, Queensland. Received from Mr. Charles French, Government Entomologist, Melbourne.* This species is readily distinguished from M. cylindrica, Macl., (the only other species known to me), by the black colour of the legs, labrum and mandibles ; the prothorax too is longer and more convex in the specimen before me than in the examples of M. cylindrica I have. I may remark that there is nothing in Count de Castlenau's description of the third known Australian species, M. howitti, excepting its smaller size, to suggest its being a difi'erent species from 31. cylindrica ; I do not think it will likely prove more than at most a variety of that species. * Since the above was written Mr. French has received, and sent to me, another specimen of 31. frenchi, as coming from the north-west of Australia " between Roeburn and the Murchison River, about three hundred miles inland."— T. G. S. 27 ON THE LIFE-HISTORIES OF AUSTRALIAN COLEOPTERA. Part I. By Walter W. Froggatt. This paper is a brief record of observations made during the last season (1892) upon the larvae, habits, and food plants of a number of Coleoptera, most of which are common in the vicinity of Sydney. I am not aware that anyone has worked at Australian beetles in regard to their larvae and transformations in a systematic manner ; the only paper on the subject I have seen is one by Mr. D. Best, of Melbourne, in which he describes forty -six Australian longicorns (but he only gives the food plants of a few and no descriptions of the larvae), published in the Southern Science Record, Victoria, 1880-1, in five parts. All the following species have been carefully bred from sections of infested stems cut from the trees, or from larvae kept in damp earth. I believe some interesting information in respect of the affinity of certain genera can be obtained by studying the larvae of our longicorn beetles ; and with a little experience it is not difficult to tell the genera to which some of the larvae belong, as many of them have very distinctive characters. The Acacias are attacked by a great number of fine longicorns, many of which do a great deal of damage to the young trees, while others do not appear to be partial to them until they are old and decaying ; others again only infest dead limbs or dying trees. As in other orders of insects, the beetle larvae are very much subject to the attacks of parasitic Hymenoptera, chiefly belonging to the family Braconidce. 28 ON THE LIFE-IIISTORIES OF AUSTRALIAN COLEOPTERA, The genus PJioracantha comprises a number of laige and hand- some beetles which almost entirely confine their attacks to the Eucalypts, feeding upon the dead wood ; several species are often found when cutting up blocks of firewood sold in Sydney, in wliich the larvie must live for a considerable time. I am indebted to the Rev. Thos. Blackburn for the identification of a number of the beetles described, to Mr. C. French for notes with regard to the habits of identical species in Victoria, and to Mr. R. T. Baker for naming the food plants of some of them. Macrotoma servilis, Pascoe, Journ. of Ent. ii. 1863, p. 49. Larva white, three inches long, slender, cylindrical, with broad- ish head ; mouth parts ferruginous, jaws black, broad, forehead with slight furrow down centre, with shorter one on either side, the whole rugose ; thoracic segments narrow, with fine crossed lines on the summit ; legs small, ferruginous ; first seven abdo- minal segments with an elongate square in centre of upper side, decreasing in length and increasing in width towards the extremity ; eighth segment smooth, cylindrical, narrow, the last longest, smooth, shining, rounded at anus ; on the under side the last two thoracic and first seven abdominal segments with some- what similar but more elongate markings. The larva feeds upon the stems of the large Banksias ( Banksia integrifolia), common along the New South Wales coast, mining large cavities out of both living and dead trees ; the chambers are large but irregular in form, the grub when full grown forming a large oval chamber in which it undergoes its transformation. Though an immense number of the Banksias about Sydney are riddled with the holes of these larvte, yet the beetle is rarely found, as it generally hides in the crevices of the rough bark of the trunk. The larvae from which my specimens were bred were taken in a section of a dead tree cut ofif on the "Nine Mile Beach," at Gerringong in August, the beetles coming out in December. The beetle is a reddish-chocolate-brown, the face rugose, furrowed between the eyes, and with a coat of short reddish hair below the junction with thorax ; the thorax is BY W. W. FROGGATT. 29 covered with irregular confluent punctures, with irregular spines along the outer edges ; the elytra faintly furrowed with two shallow lines on the sides, and all covered with fine wavy lines which give it a rugose appearance, smaller and finer towards the apex ; femora and tibia armed with stout spines. Phoracantha tricuspis, Newman, Entomologist, 1841, p. 3. Larva white, stout, with a broad head, small legs, segments regular, rounded at the anus ; mouth })arts and jaws black, projecting ; head large, rounded, and arched over the jaws, square at apex, forehead with furrow in centre, rugose at apex, sloping down, hollow and smooth in middle and rugose below above moutli ; thoracic segments narrow, with an angular depression in the centre of each ; abdominal ones regular, first four narrow, fifth, sixth, and seventh rounder and broader, all with an impressed elongate square in the centre, eighth segment veiy narrow, smooth and shiny, anal segment; large, smooth, shining, rounded at apex. The larvse attack the dead or dying timber of several of the Eucalypts, and after feeding under the bark in the earlier stages penetrate into the centre of the tree, gnawing out large flat chambers several inches in diameter; in these they remain for several years. The beetle is one of the largest of the genus, and is generally found hiding under loose bark on the stems of large trees. Uracanthus triangularis, Hope, Trans. Zool. Soc. i. p. 108, t. 15, f. 4. Larva bright canary yellow, long and slender, segments rounded, broad, and deeply constricted, lightly covered with reddish hairs, thickest on head and anal segment ; mouth parts ferruginous, jaws black, stout, and truncate ; head rounded in front, widest behind, darkest at base, smooth in centre, forehead creamy-white, with fine parallel striations; legs ferruginous, very small; thoracic and abdominal segments deeply impressed by a parallel line which divides each segment into two rounded warty lumps on the upper side, on the under side smooth, with slight corresponding marks 30 ON THE LIFE-IIISTORIES OF AUSTRALIAN COLEOPTERA, on each segment ; anal and segment preceding it smooth and cylindrical, covered with reddish hairs, the tip of the anal one ornamented with five stout spines, the first large, followed by two pairs of smaller ones. The larva attacks the stems of Eriostemoa lanceolatus just above the ground, feeding upwards and eating out the centre ; at intervals of about an inch it gnaws a small hole through the bark, thus leaving a regular row of holes behind, which indicate its whereabouts ; as it becomes full grown it crawls downwards, excavating several tunnels in the larger roots, pupating in the last of them. It also feeds on the stems of Boronia innnata in a similar manner. Mr. C. French, of Melbourne, informs me that in Victoria the larva generally feeds upon the stems of the young saplings of Banksia integrifolia, but he has bred it also from stems of Acacia longifolia (var. A. sophorcej, both growing on the coast. With us the larvse can be found in the Eriostemon bushes from May to December. I have taken them in all stages, as well as the perfect beetle, about June in the vicinity of Sydney. The beetle is not found at large until the early pait of November, and is then invariably taken on the Leptospermum bushes. It is a very distinct species, the bright shining bare patch in the middle on either side of the elytra, the rest of which, together with the head, thorax, and legs, is densely covered with a creamy pubescence, gives it a very graceful appearance. It has a wide range over N. S. AVales ; I have seen specimens from Sydney, Newcastle, and Wilcannia ; it is very variable in size and the pubescence often varies from [)ale creamy to reddish- brown. Mr. Best says he has never seen any specimens from inland, and that it feeds on the common wattle (Acacia decurrens ?). Pachydissus serious, Newman, Ent. Mag. v. p. 494. Larva dull white, stout, with broad head and small ferruginous legs; mouth parts and jaws black, head smooth and shining, with ferruginous band at base, the apex flat, finely striated ; thoracic BY W. W. FROGGATT. 31 segments narrow, the last two and first six abdominal segments on their upper side ornamented with an irregular oval warty patch, widest and roundest on the apical ones ; last segments smooth, anal segment overlapped by preceding one. The larva has a preference for dead or dying bushes of Acacia longifolia, forming large parallel chambers, never of any great length, in the sap-wood of the larger stems. I have never found the beetle on Acacias, though I have cut a number out of their stems ; but I have taken it on the foliage of Kunzea, and hiding on the stems of Banksias at Rose Bay in January. It is a large handsome dark brown beetle, with the first two joints of the antennae very stout and thickened, the thorax very much wrinkled, and the elytra and legs covered with a white silvery pubescence. DiSTiCHOCERA MACULicoLLis, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. xii. p. 417, t. 23, f. 10. Larva stout, thick, white, covered lightly with short hairs ; mouth parts and jaws black, latter broad and stout, head broad and square, flat in front, lobed on either side by a line running down towards the mouth, base of head smooth and shining, the upper portion rugose, with a furrow in the centre of forehead ; legs small, thoracic and abdominal segments with a deep elongate transverse depression in the centre of each segment, with corre- sponding ones on the under side ; anal segment long, slender, smooth, shining, rounded at tip. The larva attacks the stems of Kunzea corifolia, which it traverses in every direction ; commencing under the bark, it gnaws irregular passages backwards and forwards, finally making several large parallel chambers towards the centre of the stem, in one of which it pupates. The beetle is to be found, together with many others, feeding upon the honey in the flowers of the small scrub Angophora (A. cordifolia) in the end of December, but I have also taken them on the foliage of the food plant. The sexes are very unlike each other, the male black with white markings on the thorax and 32 ON THE LIFE-HISTORIES OF AUSTRALIAN COLEOPTERA, elytra, and large pectinate antennre ; the female nearly twice the size has simple antennae, head and thorax black blotched with deep orange-red, the elytra much broader, of a deep orange-red. Sympiiyletes nigrovirens, Donovan, Epitom. Ins. N. Holl. 1805. Larva white to semitransparent ; with broad head and slender segments slightly covered with short hairs ; mouth parts and jaws black, head angular, widest at apex, smooth and shining, with an irregular patch of shallow punctures in centre ; legs wanting ; thoracic and abdominal segments narrow, of uniform thickness, shining on top, all the segments except the first thoracic and the last two abdominal ones with a transverse elongate oval rugose patch in the centre on the upper side, on the under side the first thoracic and the following segments with a double curved patch in their centre. The larva attacks the upper branches of Acacia juni2:>erina, in its earlier stages hollowing out the small twigs, but afterwards feeding down into the main stems, it cuts them clean ofi" under cover of the bark, when they tumble off; it plugs the hole in the stem below with wood debris, and feeds downwards in a regular straight chamber, at the bottom of which it pupates. It also feeds in a similar manner upon the twigs of Acacia longifolia, pupating at the extreme tip of the broken stem. The beetle is found in December and January feeding upon the bark of the young shoots of Acacia longifolia. This is one of the smallest of the genus, its white face, legs, and broad stripe of white on either edge of the elytron forming a striking contrast to the deep green elytra and heart-shaped buff patch between the shoulders. It is found in N. S. Wales and Queensland. Best says that in Victoria it feeds upon the Black Wattle. Symphyletes albocinctus, Guerin, Yoy. Coquille, 1830, p. 137, t. 7, f. 7. Larva dull white, long and slender, with regular rounded segments ; mouth parts ferruginous, jaws black, large and stout, head broad, smooth and shining, a transverse line near forehead BY W. W. FROGGATT. 33 with a patch of small punctures in centre ; thoracic and abdominal segments of uniform size, deeply divided, rounded, with an elon- gate-oval depression, rugose on the inner edges in the centre of each, with corresponding markings on the under side, last segment smooth and cylindrical, overlapping the anal tip. The larva feeds upon the soft woody stems of Viminaria deniidata, eating the centre out of the small branches, and pupating in the tips. I have also bred it from the small twigs of Acacia longifolia. The beetle feeds upon the young shoots of Vi7)iinaria dcmtdatay and girdles or ring-barks the branch by gnawing several broad irregular bands round it, IsCying its eggs, one at a time, in small holes gnawed in the bark above the girdles, and generally deposit- ing three or four in each branch. It is somewhat about the same size as S. nigrovirens, with a similar broad white stripe on either side of the elytra, but the back is of a uniform reddish-brown, marbled with irregular wavy buff markings. Found in N. S. Wales and Queensland. Symphyletes neglectus, Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1863, p. 534. Larva dirty white, slender, with rounded regular segments ; mouth parts ferruginous, jaws black, head broad, angular, smooth and shining, with a few shallow scattered punctures across the centre, a short parallel line on either side, causing the centre of head to appear square ; second and third thoracic, and all the abdominal segments except the last two, marked on the upjDer side with a wrinkled elongate-oval patch in the centre, with corresponding but more slender marks on the under side, last abdominal segment almost covering the anal extremity. The larva feeds upon the stems of Acacia longifolia, eating out the wood in irregular tunnels, and pupating in the end of the last one. The beetle is plentiful in December about Botany and Rose Bay ; it girdles or ring-barks each branch with three or four deep rings right through the bark, then crawls up and gnaws several circular little flaps of bark in a horse-shoe shape without detaching 34 ON THE LIFE-HISTORIES OF AUSTRALIAN COLEOPTERA, them, depositing an egg under each ; eggn oval, horn-colonred, and showing a regular network structure under a lens. If the beetle, which also feeds on the decaying bark, can find a dying broken branch, it dispenses with the girdling process and lays its eggs at once. The beetles are plentiful, but from their uniform grey colour, and their habit of closely clinging to the twigs, they easily escape detection. They are dull brown, but so thickly covered with short grey hairs that it is only old rubbed specimens that show the ground colour; on either side of the elytra just below the shoulder is a well-defined crescent-shaped mark, by which this species is easily identified. PlESARTHRIUS MARGINELLUS, HopO, PrOC, Zool. Soc. 1840, p. 35. Larva dirty white, segments long and slender, with short ferruginous legs, and rounded at apex ; mouth parts with an irregular band ferruginous above, jaws black, rouuded at forehead, above flattened and shining ; a furrow running down the centre of segments from behind the forehead to anal segment, each segment broadly divided from the preceding by a narrow band formed by the constricted apex of the segment, anal segment rounded at tip, covered with a few scattered hairs. The larva feeds upon the stems of Acacia longifolia, in its earlier stages eating the centre out of the smaller twigs, it comes down- ward, gnawing all the wood off just under the bark on the top of the main limb, which then falls off; the larva now gnaws straight down the centre of the stem, tilling up the opening at the top with wood debris. Hundreds of branches and young saplings are cut off every year at Rose Bay, the beetle coming out in the middle of December. I have also bred it from a branch of Acacia decurrenfi, received from Mr. J. H. Maiden. Mr. French informs me that it is a common beetle in Victoria on this Acacia. I have never taken it at large, though I have bred a large number from infested twigs. The beautiful feathered antennae of the male, with the dull reddish-brown longitudinal stripes on the BY W. W. FROGGATT. 35 creamy-white elytra, make this a very showy beetle ; the female is much larger, with simple antennae. Best gives a long account of this beetle, with a general descrip- tion of the larva and of its mode of attacking the stems of Acacia mollissima in a way somewhat different from that which obtains here. He mentions the rarity of this beetle in the early collections, and states that the reason it is so seldom found is that it climbs up into the topmost branches of the tree as soon as it comes out, and clings so tightly to the twigs that it is im[)0ssible to sliake it down. Hebecerus crocogaster, BoisduvaljVoy. Astrolabe, II. p. 492, 18. Larva semitransparent, brownish, with broad head and slender segments fringed with short liairs on the margins; mouth ])arts pale yellow, jaws large, ferruginous, black at tips ; head lai'ge, rounded in front, square behind, smooth and shining on forehead, a parallel furrow from behind the head to the base of the ninth segment ; the last two segments smooth, cylindrical, with anal tip small and rounded. The larva lives upon the dead wood of Acacia falcata, eating away the sapwood just below the bark in irregular furrows, only forming a small oval chamber below the bark in the sapwood in which to undergo its transformation. My specimens were bred in November from infested stems collected at St. Mary's, N.S.W., in July. This little longicorn is a dark chocolate colour, closely covered with fine hairs, the face, legs, and under side clothed with short grey hairs, the basal half or each joint of the antennae whitish- grey, the apical half covered with much longer close black hairs, the thorax clothed with grey ; the elytra deeply and closely punctured, covered with little patches of yellowish-brown hairs, with a lighter coat of scattered longer black hairs. It lives and breeds on the Black Wattle in Victoria, according to Mr. Best. EuPCECiLA AUSTRALASIA, Donovan, Epitom. Ins. N. Holl. 1805. Larva white, with the anal segments blackish fiom the earthy matter contained in the intestines showing through, legs stout, /^ i. -.Ik*-*. <^ 36 ON THE LIFE-HISTOPIES OF AUSTRALIAN COLEOPTERA, showing the tarsal joints, covered with short reddish hairs; mouth parts ferruginous, jaws black, large, and pointed; antennae long, five-jointed ; head dull yellow, smooth and shining; first thoracic segment small, others uniform with the abdominal ones, on the upper side each is divided into three distinct ridges, each with a transverse row of reddish hairs, last two segments not furrowed, smooth and shining, covered with fine short spines or short hairs as well as the longer scattered ones, last segment rounded. The larva lives in rotten wood, either the debris in a decaying tree or in similar matter in a cleft, The specimens bred were taken out of a cavity between the limbs of a Eucalypt at St. Mary's, N.S.W., last July; and three months later when examined were all enclosed in hard oval earthen cocoons covered over with dirt and excreta. This is one of our commonest Cetonias, and is very plentiful in the neighbourhood of Sydney towards the end of Dece)nber, when numbers of them can be taken on the flowers of the stunted Angophora (A. cordifolia). The pale yellowish-green markings on the deep chocolate-coloured body, which is almost black at the head and apical portion of the elytra, give this beetle a very showy appearance. Stigmodera rufipennis, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. xii. p. 456. Larva slender, pale yellow, with small head and regular seg- ments ; mouth parts pale ferruginous, jaws black, very small ; head long, triangular in front, raised in the centre, with two parallel ferruginous lines coming from the apex and converging into a point on forehead, on the under side of head a single straight line ; thoracic and abdominal segments regular, slender and tapering to the anal one, which is slightly pointed. The larva feeds upon the stems of Acacia junij^erina, hollowing out the whole of the wood of the slender stems of this scrubby bush . The specimens bred were obtained from bushes growing on the ranges near Bendigo, Victoria : it is also a common Sydney BY W. W. FROGGATT. 37 specie.s; I took several last December on tlie Angophora flowers at Mossman's Bay. This is aQ easily recognised species, with its steely blue head and thorax, and bright red elytra. RiiiNOTiA H^MOPTERA, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. xii, p. 427, t. 22, f. 7. Larva dull white, short, rounded, with large head, segments narrow fringed with fine reddish hairs ; mouth parts ferruginous, jaws black, small, at the tip of a smooth shining lobe, face above smooth, shining, the upper portion projecting and forming an over-arching ridge, which is finely striated ; first and second thoracic segments broadest, abdominal segments of uniform size, divided from each othei- by a fold at the apex of each preceding one, which forms a triangular patch on either side, anal segment broad, truncate, and shining. The chief food plant of the larva is Acacia suaveolens, but I have also bred it out of A. puhescens and A. discolor. The eggs are laid on the under side of the limb, where a small patch of bark has been gnawed off by the beetle, a minute hole showing where the larva has entered ; as it grows it hollows out the whole of the stem, pupating in the upper end. At Rose Bay in May nearly every bush of this Acacia contained one or more of the beetles or their larvae. The beetle is a common one about Sydney, feeding chiefly on the foliage of Acacia discolor, early in November. Its black head and thorax, with deep brick-red elytra divided down the centre with a narrow black stripe, and its elongated body easily distinguish it from any other of the weevils. Chrysolophus spectabilis, Donovan, Epitom. Ins. N. Holl. 1805. Larva white, with shining ferruginous head, stout black jaws, and rounded obese much wrinkled body ; above the head slightly tinged with a ferruginous band; thoracic and abdominal segments very much corrugated with many fine transverse furrows, so that seen from above the divisions of the segments are very indistinct. 38 ON THE LIFE-HISTORIES OF AUSTRALIAN COLEOPTERA, broadest aV)out the middle, rounded at anus, a faint parallel furrow down the centre of the back ; a few scattered hairs on sides. The larva attacks the stems oi Acacia discolor. The beetle lays the eggs singly on the stem after gnawing up a bit of bark, under ■which the egg is placed ; sometimes a score of these roughened patches may be counted on a single tree all close together. The larva feeds downwards, forming large cylindrical chambers into the roots, which it completely hoUoAvs out, packing the gnaw^ed wood so close behind it that it is difficult to detect it. I have also bred it from the roots of Acacia suaveolens, A. linearis, and A. laurifolia. This was originally described as the " Botany Bay Diamond Beetle," and though one of our commonest Sydney beetles it is also one of the most beautiful ; its large size and brilliant black head and body thickly covered with patches of bright green scales make it one of the most striking objects among our insects. It is found on nearly a dozen different species of Acacias, among them A. discolor, A. longifolia, A. dealhaia, A. decurrens, and A. suaveolens. Paropsis variolosa, Marshara, Trans. Linn. Soc. ix. 1808, p. 285, t. 24, f. 1. Larva yellow and black, stout, short, with well-developed legs terminating with a claw; mouth parts, jaws, and head black, head and first thoracic segment furrowed in centre ; legs black ; first thoracic seg^nent black, with orange-yellow markings at apex, second and third with first abdominal segments orange-yellow in centre, clouded on the sides with black, with a transverse band of black warty rounded excrescences in the middle of each, separated by large blotches of yellow ; the last tw^o and anal segment black, with yellow patch on either side. The larva is a very active creature, crawling about on the leaves of Eucalyptus corymhosa upon which it feeds, attacking the leaf from the outer edge and eating it up to the midrib. Tlie larvae feed singly and do not cluster together like those of other BY W. W. FROGGATT. 39 species ; when full grown they fall to the ground, burying them- selves in the earth or rubbish, sometimes several inches beneath the surface, at others having the last few segments of the abdomen above the ground ; these stand out and are jerked about rapidly if anything touches them ; in a week or ten days the pupa turns into the perfect beetle and ascends the tree again. This is one of the large leaf Paropses ; the thorax and elytra are shining, reddish-brown, with irregular spots of pale yellow scattered all over, and very deeply punctured. Paropsis reticulata, Marsham, Trans. Linn. Soc. ix. p. 285, t. 24, f. 2. Larva short, stout, pale yellow, with black markings on upper side, legs long, robust ; head and first thoracic segment black, the latter with narrow yellow margin on sides, second and third thoracic segments and legs yellow, the first six abdominal ones yellow with broad stripe of black on the sides, seventh and eighth yellow with rounded black patch in centre, anal segment black ; a broad parallel clouded black band containing four small black tubercles on each segment traverses the centre of the back ; under side pale yellow. The larvae feed upon the leaves of several species of Eucalypts, gnawing them in a similar manner to the previous species, but they cluster together much more when feeding ; they undergo their metamorphoses in the ground. The eggs are laid in a ring consisting of several rows round a slender twig ; they are long, oval, enclosed in an outer brownish-yellow ribbed shell, surmounted at each corner with a little curved horn. This beetle is the commonest Paropsis about Sydney ; the thorax is pale yellow with a marbled pattern, the elytra palish yellow, turning to reddish when dead, very finely and closely reticulated. Calomela Bartoni, Baly, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1856, p. 245. Larva with the head, thorax, and legs black, with pale green abdomen ; mouth parts and jaws black ; legs stout ; thorax narrow ; the abdomen larger, rounded, almost globular. 40 ON THE LIFE-HISTORIES OF AUSTRALIAN COLEOPTERA, The larva feeds upon the foliage of Acacia decurrens^ and is often very plentiful, but difficult to see on account of its protec- tive colouration. The specimens bred were obtained in the Maitland district, but the insect has a very wide range over N. S. Wales and Victoria. The beetle is always found on this Acacia ; the head, thorax, and elytra are dark orange-yellow, deeply punctured ; a broad parallel stripe of rich metallic green on either side. All the members of this genus, as far as I know, are found on this or other closely allied species of Acacia. Episcaphula pictipennis. Crotch, Cist. Ent. xiii. 1876, Revis. p. 35. Larva pale yellow with black markings on the upper portion of segments, legs long, terminating in a sharp tarsal claw ; mouth parts ferruginous, jaws small, head dull yellow, smooth, shining, with four or five black dots above the antennae, rounded in front, square at apex ; thoracic and abdominal segments dull yellow, the centre of each covered with a transverse elongate square blackish- biown patch covering nearly the whole of segment, a parallel dull yellow band interrupting them down the centre, broadest and lightest behind the head, blending with the brown towards the apex, anal segment surmounted by two small black spines ; all the under side pale yellow. Pupa pale yellow with black eyes, and the portion of back black in larva replaced with patches of small black spines. The larva feeds upon a small soft fungus growing on fences, in which it also undergoes its transformations ; it is common in the neighbourhood of Sydney. The beetle has the antennae and head black, with a broad reddish-yellow bar between the eyes ; thorax reddish-brown, darkest on the margins, with an irregular dark brown oval patch on either side ; elytra deep brown with fine parallel striae carrying fiue punctures, an irregular star-shaped creamy-white patch on either shoulder ; a crescent-shaped patch, creamy-white, about two-thirds down, and forming two large oval patches at the apex BY W. W. FROGGATT. 41 of thorax, containing a bright reddish oval spot in centre of each ; under side of thorax and last two segments of abdomen reddish- yellow, the rest and the legs testaceous. One of the commonest of the large fungus beetles found about Sydney. AuLACocYCLUS Kaupi, Macleay, Trans. Ent. Soc. N.S.W. Vol. ii. p. 173. Larva white, long, slender, with small brown head and very long slender legs terminating in a long slender sickle-shaped tarsal claw; mouth parts ferruginous; antennae stout, two-jointed ; jaws small, black ; head broadest between the antennae, narrow behind, impressed on either side with a triangular dint^ and a slight furrow in centre ; first thoracic segment broad, rounded in front, with deep dint on either side joined by a transverse furrow in centre, the following segments broad, with a narrow rounded fold in front, the hind portion raised slightly, swelling out, a faint parallel furrow down the centre, anal segment ending in a round fold, anus in centre forming a triangular opening ; under side regular, crenulated, and all the segments covered with scattered long hairs. The larvse are found under large rotten logs, upon which they feed, crawling about with their bodies arched slightly ; they form large cylindrical oval smooth brown cocoons of earthy fragments, and can be found together in all stages in January. This Passalid is a common species of medium size, black, smooth and shining, the thorax ornamented with a small curved horn, blunt and cleft in the centre, the elytra broadly and deeply furrowed with fine punctures in the striae. Lagria grandis, Gyll. Schonh, Syn. Ins. I, 3, App. p. 9. Larva black, shining, covered with short reddish hairs ; head small, antennae short, jointed, standing out straight on either side, ferruginous ; legs stout, with tarsal claw ; segments regular, rounded, smooth and shining, rounded towards the tip of abdomen, where the last segment is produced into two conical pointed spines. 42 ON THE LIFE-HISTORIES OF AUSTRALIAN COLEOPTERA. The larva lives under damp logs, moving about very quickly when disturbed, and casting its skin very frequently ; after moulting it is quite white, but soon regains its natural colour. The beetle is found on the foliage of young Eucalypts ; it is the common Lagria about Sydney ; it is light reddish-brown, very closely covered with fine confluent punctures and a scattered growth of short brown hairs. 43 NOTES AND EXHIBITS. Mr. Brazier read the following Note on Cassis Wyvillei, Watson^ from the Solomon Islands : — Cassis (Bezoardica) Wyvillei, Watson, Zoology of H.M.S. " Chal- lenger," Vol. XV. p. 408, pi. XIV. fig. 13, 1886. ^«5._Station 204a, November 2, 1874, lat. 12° 43' S., long. 122° 9' E., Philippine Islands, 100 to 115 fathoms, green mud; two specimens found. While at Makeira Harbour, San Christoval, Solomon Islands, July 26, 1872, I obtained by barter a fine large specimen of this species from a native who wore it round his neck, having made two small holes in it at the upper and lower parts of the outer lip ; in pigeon English he gave me to understand that he had picked up the shell four months previously after a heavy gale. It is about one of the thinnest forms of Cassis known. It is just as well to put this locality on record ; the specimen is now in the collection of Dr. J. C. Cox, of Sydney. Mr. Brazier also exhibited a specimen of Astele subcarinatus, Swainson (1854), identical with Eutrochus perspectivus, A. Adams (1863); and he pointed out that the former name had been omitted by all Conchological monographers of the family Tkochid^, and that the specific name Adamsiy gtven by Mr. Pilsbry to Adams'^ species, will not hold good. Swainson's type came from the east coast of Tasmania ; the specimen exhibited from Circular Head, Tasmania. Mr. W. S, Duncan sent for exhibition an interesting collection of Coleoptera from Inverell, N.S.W., comprising specimens of both common Sydney insects and of Southern Queensland forms, as well as of cosmopolitan species and of a few others which will probably prove to be undescribed. Dr. Cox exhibited specimens of Dendrohium speciosum showing the peculiar mode of budding which at times obtains in this species. 44 NOTES AND EXHIBITS. Professor David contributed the following " Note on the occur- rence of the mineral sphene (titanite) in the granite from the water-works tunnel, Bathurst " : — In the last edition of his work on the Minerals of New South Wales, p. 85, Professor Liversidge, F.R.S., refers as follows to the occurrence of a single isolated specimen of the above mineral : ^' Sphene. A calcium silico-titanite. Crystallises in oblique system. I have met with but one well-crystallised specimen, of a green colour ; the locality in New South Wales from which it came is uncertain." The Rev. J. Milne Curran, F.G.S., in his paper on the Geology and Petrography of Bathurst [P.L.S.N.S.W. Yol. vi. (2nd ser.)] has mentioned the occurrence of sphene in granite at Mt. Stewart, near Bathurst. The author about two years ago collected some specimens of granite from the tunnel driven partly under the bed of the Macquarie River from the bottom of the well-shaft at the Bathurst water-works. On examining one of these specimens lately, at the Laboratory of the Geological Department at the University of Sydney, the author has observed that it contains well-formed crystals of sphene in tolerable abundance. The crystals of sphene in this granite are of a brown colour seen by reflected light, and by transmitted light are of a honey- yellow to reddish-yellow colour. In shape under the microscope the sections of the crystals appear as acute-angled rhombs or prisms, terminating in sharp ends. Each crystal is surrounded by a dark zone, as seen under the microscope by transmitted light, due to its high index of refraction, and the surfaces of the sections have a somewhat rough pitted appearance. The pleochroism is not very strongly marked, and the mineral does not polarise in bright colours, but remains of a somewhat greyish tint under crossed nicols. Near the centre of one large crystal there are abundant enclosures of an opaque black mineral, which is probably titaniferous iron. The cleavage is somewhat strongly marked. The mineral dissolves slowly in sulphuric acid. It appears to have been one of the earliest minerals in the granite to separate outj as most of the other minerals are moulded NOTES AND EXHIBITS. 45 on to the sphene crystals and have not interfered with their growth. The granite in which the sphene crystals occur contains a large amount of hornblende as well as mica. Mr. Fletcher showed an interesting specimen of the "Flannel flower" (Actinotus heUantlii, Labill.), forwarded for exhibition by Dr. Woolls about a fortnight ago, a few days before his death, with the following note : " In the ordinary form the involucre consists of about ten tomentose bracts enclosing a dense head of umbels ; but in the accompanying specimen eight heads of flowers, each on pedicels about an inch long and surrounded by about six bracts, have grown out of the common involucre." Also five individual flowers of Rhyncospermum jasminoides, Lindl., an Apocynaceous plant from China not uncommon in Sydney gardens, each of which had proved a veritable death-trap to a large indigenous flower-frequenting fly (fam. Tahanidce ?), which in attempting to rifle the flower of its nectar had become inextricably caught by the proboscis. The specimens — only a ])ortion of those noticed — were forwarded by Mr. W. N. Dove, B.A. Mr. Maiden showed a specimen of the new species of Acacia from the Goulburn District, allied to A. 2yiibesce7is, described in the paper by Baron von Mueller and himself. Mr. Froggatt exhibited the beetles mentioned in his paper ; together with living specimens of the larvae, cocoons, and perfect beetles of a common Passalid [Aulacocychis Kaupi, Mel.) from near Bathurst. Also a series of specimens of the female galls of Brachyscelis duplex^ Schrader, in various stages of growth, on Eucalyptus capitellata from Sutherland. Mr. L. Stephenson exhibited specimens of an Orchid, Drakcea Himtiana, F.v.M., recently found by him on the Blue Mts., near Blackheath, the species having been found previously only on Mount Tingiringi, on the southern border of the colony, at an elevation of about 5000 feet. 46 WEDNESDAY, APRIL 26th, 1893. Mr. E. R.. Waite, F.L.S., and Mr. J. A. Watts, M.A., were introduced as visitors. Mr. George R. Horan, Kentucky, G.N. Railway, N.S.W., and Dr. John H. Thomson, C.M.Z.S., New Bedford, Mass., U.S.A., were elected Members of the Society. The President announced tliat at an early date it would become necessary to close the list of subscribers to the Macleay Memorial Volume. Gentlemen desirous of becoming enrolled as subscribers were therefore reminded that it was desirable that their names should be sent in on or before May 15th next. DONATIONS. " Societe Geologique de Belgique — Annales." T. xviii. 3® Liv. ; T. xix. 4^ Liv. (1891-92). From the Society. "Archives Neerlandaises des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles." T. xxvi. 4"^^ et 5°^® Livs. (1893). From the Society. " Royal Society of Queensland — Proceedings." Vol. viii. Parts 2-4 (1890-92). From the Society. "Royal Society of London — Proceedings." Vol. li. No. 314; Vol. lii. Nos. 315-318. From the Society. " Linnean Society of London — Proceedings for Sessions 1871-72, 1872-73, 1873-74." From the Society. DONATIONS. 47 "Zoological Society of London — Abstract of Proceedings," February 14th and 28th, 1893. From the Society. " Zoologischer Anzeiger." xvi. Jahrg. Nos. 413-414 (February- March, 1893). From the Editor. " Society d'Horticulture du Doubs, Besangon — Bulletin." Nouvelle Serie, No. 26 (February, 1893). From the Society. " Perak Government Gazette." Yol. v. (Index); Vol. vi. Nos. 6-7 (March, 1893). From the Goverrvment Secretary. " Pharmaceutical Journal of Australasia." Vol. vi. (1893), No. 3. From the Editor. Two pamphlets entitled — (1) "Pearls : their Origin and Forma- tion" ; (2) "Aborigines of Western Australia." By A. F. Calvert. Frowj the Author. "Johns Hopkins University Circulars." Vol. xii. No. 103 (February, 1893). Fi'om the University. "Geological Survey .of Queensland — Second Report on the Normanby Gold-Field." By R. L. Jack (1893); "Geological Observations in British New Guinea in 1891." By A. G. Mait- land. From the Government Geologist. " Societe Royale Linneenne de Bruxelles — Bulletin." xvii*^^ Annee, Nos. 1-4 (October, 1892, to January, 1893). From the Society. " Victorian Naturalist " Vol. ix. No. 12 (April, 1893). From the Field Naturalists' Club of Victoria. " Societe Zoologique de France — Bulletin." T. xvii. No. 8 (1892). From the Society. " Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte." lix. Jahrg. i. Bd. 1 Heft (1893). From the Editor. "Agricultural Gazette of N.S.W." Vol. iv. No. 3 (March, 1893). Froin the Director of Agriculture. " Acad6mie Royale des Sciences et des Lettres de Danemark, Copenhague — Bulletin pour 1892." No. 2. From the Academy. " Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou — Bulletin." Ann^e 1892, No. 3. Fro7n the Society. 48 DONATIONS. " Naturhistorisches Museum in Hamburg — Mitteilungen." ix. Jahrg., Erste Halfte (1891). From the Museum. "Socidte Linneenne de Normandie — Memoires." xvii® Vol. P^ Ease. (1892). From the Society. " Geological Survey of Canada — Contributions to Canadian Paljeontology." Yol i. Part 4. By J. R Whiteares (1892). From the Director. "American Naturalist." Yol. xxvii. No. 315 (March, 1893). From the Editor. " Australasian Journal of Pharmacy." Yol. viii. No. 88 (April, 1893). From the Editor. " Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College — Bulletin." Yol. xvi. No. 11 (January, 1893); Yol. xxiii. No. 6 (January, 1893); Yol. xxiv. Nos. 1-2 (January, 1893). From the Curator. " American Museum of Natural History — Bulletin." Yol. v. Sheet 2 (1893). From the Museum. •'Canadian Record of Science." Yol. v. No. 4 (1892). From the Natural History Society, Montreal. ''Handbook of the Plora of New South Wales." By Charles Moore, F.L.S., &c., and Ernst Betche. From the Principal Under-Secretary, Sydney. 49 PAPERS READ. NOTE ON THE OCCURRENCE OF THE SANDERLING (CALIDRIS ARENARIA) IN BORNEO. By Henry Seebohm. (Commionicated hy Dr. E. P. Ramsay.) In the last number of the Records of the Australian Museum (ii., p. 22) sundry errors respecting the Sanderling are published, which ought not to be allowed to remain uncorrected. First, the existence of two races of the Sanderling is assumed. To the best of my knowledge this is a pure myth,, which has never been supported by a shred of evidence and is opposed to all known facts bearing upon the case. The only authority for the myth that I know of is the bare statement that examples of this species from the New World seem to be constantly larger than those from the Old (Newton, Ibis, 1859, p. 256). This is quite contrary to my experience. Twelve examples in my collection from the New World vary in length of wing from 4*7 to 5 "05 and average 4-84 inches, whilst 27 examples from the Old World also vary from 4-7 to 5-05 and average 4-81 inches. Secondly, the assertion that Java seems to be the only island of the Malay Archipelago in which the presence of the Sanderling has been determined ceased to be true in 1881, when Mr. Pretyman procured an example on the Tampussuk River, in North-west Borneo. The occurrence of the Sanderling in Borneo is also confirmed by a second example procured on Baram Point (Everett, Ibis, 1890, p. 465). Botli these examples are in the British Museum. Thirdly, the ignorance 4 OO ON THE OCCURRENCE OF THE SANDERLING IN BORNEO. of the writer of any instance of the Sanderling having been observed within the tropics to the eastward of Java cannot explain away the fact that it has occurred on the Marshall Islands (Finsch, Ibis, 1880, p. 331). Finally, in justice to Temminck, it ought to be mentioned that in the list of the Waders in the Leyden Museum published in 1864, besides an example obtained by KuIjI on Java about 1826, there are also two other examples from that island dated 1862 (Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Scolopaces, p. .57). London, 12th July, 1892. 51 NOTE ON BACTERIAL DISEASES OF THE ROOTS OF THE LEGUMINOSuE. By Thos. L. Bancroft, M.B., Edin. (Communicated hy J. H. Maiden, F.L.S.) (Plate iv.) AVhilst transplanting some sensitive plants {Mimosa pudica, Linn.), my attention was attracted to the peculiar tuber-like bodies on their roots, which were distinct from the tubercles caused by worms (Tylenchus). When broken across these bodies were noticed to possess a juice having a remarkable smell ; microscopic examination showed this fluid to be teeming with bacteria, all in a state of violent agitation. Cover-glasses were smeared with it, passed through the flame and stained in methyl-blue ; examined both in the wet state and after clarifying and mounting in balsam, the bacteria were seen to be bacilli. Search was made for a similar disease in other plants, but only speciuieiis of the Leguminosce were found affected, indeed every plant examined of that order had a bacterial disease. The tubercles on the roots exhibited great variety of shape, as did also the bacilli contained in them ; some of the latter were very thin and long, others thick, some curved, many were motile, some iinmotile, whilst others exhibited Brownian movements; all appa- rently were referable to the genus Bacillits. No Leguminous plant appears to be altogether free from a bacterial disease of the roots ; some genera, however, are affected more than others. I have so far not noticed a similar disease on n9 OX BACTERIAL DISEASES OF THE ROOTS OF THE LEGUMINOSiE. any other plant. A number of experiments were made to ascer- tain if plants could be grown free from these diseases, and with care it was found possible to do so. I also artificially cultivated, on a broth made of beans and thickened to a jelly with agar-agar, some of these bacteria. I afterwards found that " Tubercular root-diseases of the Legu- minosse " was a subject upon which much attention had been bestowed in Europe, especially in Germany. Professor Marshall Ward of London has studied these diseases carefully for many years past, and has contributed much to the Transactions of the Koyal Society upon the subject ; he found that the more a plant was affected with the disease the better it grew ; the bacteria help the plant to assimilate nitrogen and are a benefit to it. Although this subject has been so ably worked up in Europe, I hope these notes will not be unacceptable to the Society, as no record, as far as I am aware, of root-diseases of bacterial origin has been made in Australia. Brisbane, March, 1893. EXPLANATION OB' PLATE. The roots of five leguminous plants affected with bacteria. Commencing in order from the top, the plants are Mimosa, Sesbania, Desmodiian, Medicago, and Crotalaria. (Reproduced from a life-size photograph.) 53 REVISION OF THE AUSTRALIAN AMARYGMIDES. By THE Rev. T. Blackburn, B,A., Cork. Mem. Part II. THE GENUS CHALCOPTERUS (continued). Since I forwarded to the Linnean Society the first part of this memoir, Amm^ygmides have been pouring in to me in hirge numbers from many valued correspondents, who wished me to name their specimens, with the result that I have been obliged to add some new species of Chcdco2?terus to those already described, and to re-write my tabulation of the genus. I have also, through the great kindness of Mr. Masters, had the opportunity of inspecting the types of the two Amarygmides (velutinus and viridicoUis — both Chalcopteri) described by Mr. W. S. Macleay, and through the generosity of Mr. Olliflf have becouie possessed of specimens compared with the types of several of Sir W. Macleay's species, while Mr. Skuse has done me the favour of confirming (by comparison with the types) two of my determi- nations of Sir W. Macleay's species (Chalcopterus grandis and Amaryg^nus striatusj, and of writing descriptions for me of two of that learned author's species (ohsoletus and picijoes), which were the only two remaining unknown to me. In one respect I have considered it desirable to depart from the plaa I laid down for myself at the outset and mentioned in the first part of this memoir by including in the tabulation the species whose identification with existing descriptions I regard as doubtful. On the whole I have thought it better to include these for the purpose of giving greater completeness to my ^' Revision." In doing sc I must repeat what I said at the 5t REVISION OF THE AUSTRALIAN AMARYGMIDES, outset — that I have very little doubt my nomenclature will sooner or later undergo much correction. I am satisfied that under the circumstances (many of the existing desc«-iptions being completely insufficient, and the types being scattered all over the world, and not a few of them having probably perished) it is impossible for anyone to identify all the previously described species with certainty. This l)eing the case, the first step towards clearing up the hopeless confusion must be, I think, a general revision of the genus which shall enable students to identify the species to which the author of that revision attributes the names of other authors. When that is done there is something to work upon, and it will be easy for those in one place and another who have access to the types to correct the inevitable inaccuracies of this first revision. How far I have succeeded in my attempt to enable others to identify the insects to which I have applied the various names, and so to determine whether I am right or wrong, of course has yet to be put to the test. I ofifer my attempt to the Society with much diffidence, but not without hope that this fiirst revision of the genus may lead to the possibility eventually of a re-revision, the accuracy of which will be much more reliable. It will be noticed that in the tabulation I have indicated the names that I have been able to connect with species only doubtfully by enclosing them in brackets. There are now only four existing names likely to be of Chahopteri which I have been obliged to disregard alto- gether on the ground that I cannot connect them with any insect known to me and that the descriptions of them do not justify their assignment to a place in my tabulation, viz., cujjricollis, Plope, obtusus^ Pasc, puncticoUis, Hope, smaragduhcs, Fab. ; the rest of the described Australian Amarygmides are either to be found in the following tabulation, or in the list of probable synonyms (in Part I. of this memoir), or are probably true Amarygmi. It is necessary to say a few words about the characters that have appeared to me most reliable and most easily observed as distinguishing the species of Chcdcopteriis inter se. I may remark that the tabulated statement of the specific characters BY THE REV. T. BLACKBURN. 55 which follows is the result of a good deal of study and not a few uasuccessful attempts to produce a satisfactory tabulation. As regards colour, I am afraid it is as nearly as possible useless for classificatory purposes. There is no species of which I have seen numerous specimens that I have not ascertained to be variable in respect of colour. Nevertheless, my observations certainly go to show that the absence of all colour from particular parts of the body is clearly specific. I know no species, e.g., having the pi'othorax or undersurface generally of brilliant metallic colours, but occasionally varying by the absence of those colours, nor any vice versa — with the one exception that, as far as I have seen, I should judge most species to be liable to the loss of colour from the whole body — so as to be entirely black. I think, too, that the direction of the colouring on the elytra is very little variable, the different colours running in well defined longitudinal vittse (e.g.) being a fairly reliable character. I have, however, made very little use of colour in characterising species. The main difficulty, as visual in classification, I have found to be the selection of characters for the principal divisions, whatever character is selected appearing to be feebly defined yet not quite wanting in a few intermediate forms. After several abortive attempts to divide Chalcopterics into two main groups, I have found that the most workable character for the purpose is the presence or absence of a sulcus bordering the internal or antero- internal margin of the eye. Nearly all the species have either no sulcus at all or a very strongly defined one ; nevertheless, there are a few in which there is a feeble indication only of this "ocular sulcus," and I have found it necessary in adopting this character as the main classificatory character of the genus to indicate by a special mark in the tabulation certain species (placed among those in which the ocular sulci are absent) in which a doubt might be possible. The form of the prothorax is very different in different species and appears to be quite constant, so that I have been able to use it with great confidence in tabulating the distinctions of the species, and a similar satisfactory result is attained by noting tiie 56 REVISION OF THE AUSTRALIAN AMARYGMIDES, colour of the vestiture of the underside of the tarsi and the width of the interval between the eyes. This latter character might be regarded with natural suspicion as likely to be only sexual, but I do not find that to be the case. In the instance of the few species in which I have been able to make sure of the sexes l)y the dissection of the internal organs, I have found that the eyes of the male are as widely separated from each other as those of the female. The external sexual distinctions appear to be very slight. The male is usually somewhat smaller and narrower than the female, and his antennse and tarsi are usually a little longer and more slender. A. Eyes not (or scarcely) bordered by a sulcus. B. Legs entirely of dark colour. C. Underside not metallic-iridescent. D. Tarsal vestiture black or nearly so. E. Prothorax of normal form and sculpture (i.e., not as EE, EEE, &c.). F. Elytra not (or scarcely) striate. G. Seriate puncturation of elytra entire. H. Size moderate or small (under 8 lines). I. Head punctulate between the eyes. J. Interstices of elytra distinctly and more or less closely punctulate. K. Punctures in lateral series of elytra close [at least 4 punctures (in 7 th entire series) in a length equal BY THE REV. T. BLACKBURN. 57 to the width of the inter- stice between the 7th and 8th series]. L. A conspicuous nitid Itevi- gate space on the middle line of the face. M. Width of the interval between the eyes not (or scarcely) less than the length of the third joint of the antenna?. N. Punctures on prothorax faintly impressed but not very fine. 0. Front piece of clypeus strongly concave be- hind clypealiSf Blackb. 00. Front piece of cly- peus of ordinary shape. P. Elytra strongly gib- bous behind base... simiuSj Blackb. PP. Elytra much less strongly convex... cupripennis* Germ., Blessig, Blackb., nee Hope. NN. Punctures on pro- thorax less feeble and very fine versicolor^ Blackb. MM. Width of interval be- tween eyes much less tinctus, Blackb. * This species is no doubt affiiu's, Blessig (also Howitti, Pasc), but is not ■/upr'ipennis, Hope, as it has generally been called {vide infra, p. 70). REVISION OF THR ACSfTR,VLUN AM Aia .; MIPKS. LL. Faoe ewnly puncturvxi or ne«\rly so. M. PunciwKxs of dTtral Strang iw^ti iNv\rse r»rf^y.\«iW»»«?.<. Mad. l\i«oture« erf inter- sti<>e« mxieh less stjncwrag and coarse (as fine as in eupn- pfiikJNiiSj BlackK). N Pn>tbc»rAxfu33ytwic«as wide as lon|j *«»*©/«*ms, BlackU 1^1^. FrothoiT*x l^ss tlian twice as wide as lon§: ^dijieilis^ Blacklx KK, Panetures in lateral sseries dE elytr;* less ek>se [le^s than 4 pane- titres (ia 7th entire serial in a length e*i}nal to the widih of the interstice between the 7th and ^th series] r^triMH^ Bles;sa§. JJ. Intex^o^ of elytra Isevi- gate or Twy finely and sparsely punctni^ (very mneh more so than in CHprifngimis, Blaekb.). K, Prothorax notably less than twice as wi^le as long. L. Punctures in the elytral series sparse (se, inter- vals between puncture BY THK feKV. T, fiLSCKtfUH^. 59 and pancta»'e (ijener«Hy much hm^Hf than di^ ra-t^T of indivldaai panctare«) *lrp.tv^, Blackb. LL. Punctures in eljtral H^rifr« close (sc. inter- vaht shorter than dia- meter of punctures). M. Form convex ; elytral interstices dlntinctly though very finely and sparsely punctuLate juc^/o.i^. Blackb. MM. Form more depressed; elytral intersticefi scarcely visiVjly punctured, eve under a Coddingtori lens oinia^ Blackb. KK. Prothoiax not or hc^rcely less than twice as wide as long. L. Seriate punctures of elytra fine (not coarser than in variahil.Uj Blessig). M. Basal joint of hind tarsi not noticeably shorter than joints 2-4 to- gether (exclusive of the claws). N. Seriate punctures of elytra faint, feeble, and close viyilans, Blaokb. NN. Seriate punctures much better mark- ed and less close .. jyroxitnus^ Blaokb. * These speciea have some traces of ocular sulci. 60 REVISION OF THE AUSTRALIAN AMAliYGMIDES, MM. Basal joint of Ijind tarsi notably shorter. N. Interval between eyes scarcely narrower than length of basal joint of antennse sjmrsus, Blackb. NN. Interval between eyes much narrower than length of basal joint of antennae Cairnsi, Blackb. LL. Seriate punctures of ely- tra much coarser (more so than in variabilis, Blessig) modesties, Blackb. II. Head not punctulate between the eyes hellus, Blackb. HH. Size large (long. 8 lines or more). I. Basal joint of hind tarsi not (or scarcely) longer than apical joint. J. Prothorax fully twice as wide as long [cupreus, Fab.] J J. Prothorax evidently less transverse brevipes, Blackb. II. Basal joint of hind tarsi much longer than apical joint grandis, Macl. GG. Seriate puncturation of elytra obliterated (or nearly so) close to front margin. H. Width of interval between the eyes not greater than length of basal joint of antennse. I. Basal joint of hind tarsi fully as long as joints 2-4 together placida^ Blackb. BY THE REV. T. BLACKBURN. 61 II. Basal joint of hind taisi not so long Froggatti^ Blackb. HH. Width of interval between the eyes notably greater than length of basal joint of antennae polychromus, Pasc. FF. Elytra very distinctly striate from base to apex. G. Prothorax narrowed in a con- tinuous curve from base to apex. H. Form very narrow and parallel interioris, Blackb. HH. Form oval, much wider J/as^^m, Blackb. GG. Sides of prothorax subparallel in their basal half sitperbics, Blackb. EE. Base of prothorax not more than half again as wide as the front, front angles prominent and acute. F. Width of interval between the eyes greater than length of basal joint of antennee. G. Interstices of elytra more or less convex. H. Elytra very strongly striate... suturalis, Pasc. HH. Elytra scarcely distinctly striate purpureiis, Germ. GG. Interstices of elytra quite flat vividus, Blackb. FF. Width of interval between the eyes much less intermedins, Blackb. EEE. Prothorax very strongly trans- verse and with strong (later- ally almost confluent) punc- turation. •62 REVISION OF THE AUSTRALIAN AMARYGMIDES, F, Interstitial and seriate punctures of elytra quite similar inter se. . conjiuens, Blackb. FF. Seriate punctures of elytra very distinctly larger and stronger tban the interstitial Uastuosus, Gei-m. ^ ^ , -IT/-' obsolefas, Macl. EEEE. Prothorax trapezoidal (i.e., sides viewed from above almost rectilinear). F. Front of prothorax not abruptly truncate, its puncturation feeble. G. Interstices of elytra very dis- tinctly punctulate. H. Seriate punctures of elytra very conspicuous (sculpture almost as in cupripennis, Blackb.) eyrensis, Blackb. HH. Seriate punctures much less distinct (sculpture almost as in fasiuosus) micans, Blackb. GCt. Interstices of elytra almost impunctate Palmerstoni, Blackb. FF. Front of prothorax abruptly truncate, its puncturation very strong 276 rlomjus, Blackb. EEEEE. Prothorax small, subgibbous, nitid, with extremely sparse puncturation prospiciens, Blackb. DD. Tarsal vestiture ferruginous or fulvous. E. Prothorax normal (i.e., not as EE). F. Width of prothorax across front less than | of its width across the base. BY THE REV. T. BLACKBURN. 63 G. Interval between the eyes not (or scarcely) wider than length of basal joint of antennae (much narrower than in cujori- pennis, Blackb.^. H. Interval between the eyes not narrower than length of 2nd antennal joint. I. Interstices flat throughout. J. Interstices distinctly punctu- late. K. Interval between eyes about equal in width to length of basal joint of antennae. L. Seriate punctures of elytra moderate or fine. M. Prothorax scarcely more than half again as wide as long ohscurus, Blackb. MM. Prothorax much more than half again as wide as long. N. Seriate j)unctures of elytra obsolete near apex veliUimcSjW. ^.'M-Ac], NN. Seriate punctures of elytra not enfeebled near apex rusticity, Blackb. LL. Seriate punctures large fovese as in cylhidricus nobilis, Blackb. KK. Interval between eyes distinctly narrower than length of basal joint of antennae 7ieglectus, Blackb. 64r REVISION OF THE AUSTRALIAN AMARYGMIDES; JJ. Interstices not distinctly punctulate. K. Prothorax black and more or less nitid. L. Punctures in the elytral series close (much as in variabilis, Blessig) minor, Blackb. LL. Punctures in the elytral series much less close and of oblong form huoiterensis, Blackb. KK. Prothorax bright blue.... jndcher, Blackb. II. Interstices (at least in part) distinctly convex. J. Prothorax very notably less nitid than the elytra. K. Size very large (long. 8J lines) major, Blackb. KK. Size much smaller (long 7 lines) mercu7'ius, Blackb. JJ. Prothorax not noticeably less nitid than the elytra mimus, Blackb. HH. Eyes almost contiguous ocularis, Blackb. GG. Interval between the eyes wider than length of basal joint of antennae (not much narrower than in cupri- pennis, Blackb. J, H. Seriate punctures of elytra fine and close (more than 2 in a length equal to the width of the adjacent interstice). I. Interstices flat and distinctly punctured. BY THE REV. T. BLACKBURN. 65 J. Prothorax very evenly nar- lowed forward from its base simiHs, Blackl). JJ. Prothorax not much nar- rowed forward in its basal half "^Leai^ Blackb. TI. Interstices convex and im- punctulate longiusculus, Blackb. HH. Seriate punctures of elytia large foveae (less than 2 in a length equal to the width of the adjacent interstice) cylindricus, Blackb. FF. Width of prothorax in front fully I of its width at the base Bovilli, Blackb. EE. Prothorax nearly parallel-sided in the hinder half. F. Prothorax not wider in the middle i^^ than at the base. G. Prothorax evenly punctulate. H. Interstices of elytra very finely '^^ punctured. I. Pjothorax extremely convex, closely punctured colossus, Blackb. II. Prothorax. much less convex, sparsely punctured palmerensis, Blackb. HH. Interstices of elytra excep- tionally coarsely punctured imperialis, Blackb. GG. Prothorax very unevenly punc- tulate (i.e., large impunctu- late spaces) longulus, Blackb. FF. Prothorax notably wider at the middle than at the base laticollis, Blackb. * This species has faint traces of ocular sulci. 5 66 > REVISION OF THE AUSTRALIAN AMARYGMIDES, CC. Underside of metallic colour. D. Tarsal vestiture black. E. Interstices of elytra distinctly piinctulate. R Form oval Jervens, Germ. FF. Form elongate-parallel longij^emiis, Hope. EE. Interstices of elytra not piinctu- late iridiventris, Blackb. DD. Tarsal vestiture fulvous. E. Size large, form oval (moderately wide) setosas, Blackb. EE. Size small, form very narrow and parallel gracilior, Blackb. BB. Femora red • . . amethystinus, Fab. AA. Eyes bordered within by a deep and more or less wide sulcus or fovea. B. Legs entirely of dark colour. 0. Tarsal vestiture black or pitchy-black. D. Width of interval between eyes equal (or nearly so) to length of basal joint of antennse. E. Species of small or moderate size — at most less than long. 8| lines. F. Species not having both prothorax and elytral interstices devoid of puncturation. G. Seriate punctures of elytra quite well defined and conspicuous (at least in part). H. Ocular sulci elongate, extend- ing a good deal along the inner and front margins of the eyes. BY THE REV. T. BLACKBURN. 67 I. Interstices flat or nearly so. J. Form elongate-oval or more or less parallel. K. Ocular sulci extremely strongly impressed. L. Elytra variegated with stripes of different colours. M. Seriate punctn ration of elytra fine (very little less so than in cupri- jjennis, Black b.) [resplendens, Boisd.J MM. Seriate puncturation of elytra much coarser iridicolor, Blessig. LL. Elytral colours uniform (gieen or reddish-cop- per, according to the point of view) \yinosus, Pasc] KK. Ocular sulci much more feebly impressed. L. Seriate puncturation of elytra entire. M. Interstices of elytra im- punctate and very nitid viridicollis, W. S. Macl. MM. Interstices of elytra not both impunctate and very nitid. N. Prothorax opaque opacicollis, Macl. NN. Prothorax nitid eremita^ Blackb. LL. Seriate puncturation of elytra very irregular, only here and there distinct semiseriatus, Blackb. 68 REVISION OF THE AUSTRALIAN AMARYGMIDES, JJ. FoTm obovate (wide about base of elytra and much narrowed hindward) pu7ictipennis, Macl. II. Interstices from base to apex decidedly convex phUus, Blackb. HH. Ocular sulci foveiform, placed at the antero-internal angle of the eye. I. Elytral interstices more or less strongly punctured (at least as strongly as in Guj)ri- pennis, Blackb.). J. Prothorax nitid Tnurrayensis, Blackb. J J. Prothorax opaque 2?unctulatus, Blackb. TI. Elytral interstices much more finely punctured macer, Blackb. GG. Seriate punctures of elytra confused among those of the interstices (after the manner of fastuosus, Germ.) ohlongus, Blackb. FF. Both prothorax and elytral interstices devoid of distinct puncturation Meyricki, Blackb. EE. A very large broad species (long. 9-9 J lines) rugosicollis^ Macl. DD. Width of interval between eyes not (or scarcely) less than length of 3rd joint of antennae. E. Elongate species. F. A brilliantly nitid species of sub- cylindric form lepidus, Blackb. FF. Much less nitid ; form elongate- oval. BY THE REV. T. BLACKBURN. 69 G. Seriate punctii ration of elytra extremely feeble inconsjncuus, Blackb. GG. Seriate puncturation of elytra very well marked yorkensis^ Blackb. KE. A short species of very widely oval form segnis, Blackb. DDD. Width of interval between eyes scarcely exceeding length of 2nd joint of antennae [semiticus, Pasc] CC. Tarsal vestiture fulvous. D. Prothorax punctured (eyes bordered above the sulcus by a small carina). E. Seriate punctures of elytra very large, some of them as wide as an interstice catenulatus^ Blackb. EE. Seriate punctures of elytra much smaller , carinatice2?s, Blackb. DD. Prothorax impunctulate hevicollis, Blessig. BB. Legs red rujipes^ Macl. Chalcopterus cupripennis, Hope. Some time ago I forwarded a number of examples of Australian Tenehrionichf, under the names with which I have, to the best of my ability, identified them, to Mr. G. C Champion, the eminent European specialist in that family, and included among them various Ammygmides. Mr. Champion writes me that, having occasion to examine some of Hope's types in the Oxford Univer- sity Museum, he took the opportunity to compare the specimen that I sent to him as Cnodidon citp^'ipenne, Hope (which is identical with the insect that in the present memoir I have called Chalcopterus cuprijyennis), with Hope's type, and found the latter to differ in the following respects, viz. — prothorax less black and more closely punctured, seriate })unctures of elytra less distinct and more distant, interstices more thickly punctured, •' &c." As 70 REVISION OF THK AUSTRALIAN AM AUYCi.MIDKS, these characters, if not strongly develoi>c(l (with the exception of that concerning the colour of the jtrothorax), are in the main the characters that in Part I. of this memoir I have indicated as ilistinguishing the male from the female, and as I am not sure whether I sent to Mr. Champion a male, a female, or both sexes of the insect which I take to be cupripeiuds, Hope, I shall await further correspondence, with which 1 hope Mr. Champion will favour me, btfore I regard the correctness of my identification as disproved;* but I think it well to embody Mr. Champion's observation in this memoir, so that thor.e who make use of the memoir may be on their guard to rely on my description of the insect rather than on the name, and to call it " Chalcopterus cupripennis, Blackb. (? Hope)," for the present, and until a further expiession of opinion from Mr. Champion, which I doubt not that gentleman with his usual friendly courtesy will send me in duo course, shall enable me to report to the Linnean Society more definitely on the point. It is of course likely enough that the "etc." at the end of ]Mr. Champion's note quoted above may include characters that will be quite decisive. C, EXOLETUS, sp.no v. C. difficili, Blackb., atfinis ; minus nitidus ; elytris (exempli typici) purpureo, certo adspectu viridi-micantibus ; antennis (S ^) apicem versus baud incrassatis, articulo 3° quam 4"* 5"^que conjunct! sat breviori, articulis 8-10 quam prsecedentes nuUo modo brevioribus ; prothorace quam longiori (et postice quam antice) dui)lo minimum latiori ; elytrorum puncturis seriatis postice minus fortiter impressis. [Long. 7, lat. 4 lines. * In a later communication Mr. Champion expresses himself fully con- vinced that the differences are specific, a determination which I regard as conclusive. The insect that I have throughout this revision called cnpri2'>en)ii-i, Hope, must, therefore, bear the name of aifini-^, Blessig, if I am right in thinking that name to represent a mere var. of (7r/>?vjiK«»?'-s. Blessig (nee Hope) ; it is with still greater certainty the species that Mr. Pascoe described subsequently as ^4. Hou'lffi. It is undoubtedly, I think, the insect that Germar and Blessig believed to be cuprijjennis, Hope. Unfortunately, I followed them. BY THE REV. T. BLACKBURN. 71 This species is so closely allied to C. difficilis that it seems needless to repeat the diagnosis at length, as the whole of it, subject to the exceptions noted above, may be read as applying to this species, which (placed besides C. difficilis) strikes the eye at once as a much larger and less nitid insect with a very evidently more transverse prothorax. On measurement the prothorax is found to be at least twice (or even a trifle more) as wide as long, whereas in difficilis the width is about once and four-fifths the length. It is unusual among the Chalcopteri to find the prothoi'ax by measurement quite twice as wide as long, though in a good many species that segment appears so to a casual glance. I'he antennae differ considerably from those of C. difficilis (as noted above), Vjut it is doul^tful whether the antennae of the same sex in the two could be relied on to maintain those differences. The more transverse prothorax and less nitid surface, as well as the absence of well-defined ocular sulci, inter alia distinguish C. exoletus from C. eremita, Blackb. An example in Mr. French's collection of slightly more evenly oval form, with the gieen colour predominating and the whole sculpture a little " blurred," is, I think, only an aberrant specimen. It is from the same locality. N. Queensland ; Palmer R. ; sent by C. French, Esq. C. PKOXIMUS, sp.nov. C. raodesto, Blackb., affinis ; oculis quain antennarum articulf basalis longitudine manifeste minus inter se remotis ; elytris subtiliter seriatim punctulatis, puncturis in seriebus inter se sat sequalibus sat crebre positis ; cetera ut C. modesti. [Long. 3f, lat. 2^ lines. This species is unsatisfactorily like C. modest as in its colouring and in most of its characters, but is distinguished from it by two characters which seem to me quite inconsistent with specific identity, the eyes being much more approximate inter se (sepa- rated by a space not much wider than the length of the 2nd joint of the antennae) and the seriate puncturation of the elytra being quite on a different system [it consists of very fine deep punctures of very even size (a trifle larger in the outer than the inner series) 72 REVISION OF THE AUSTRALIAN AJLVHYGMIDES, placed quite closely in the rows, nearly as fine and closely placed as those of C. cupripennis, Blackb.]. This species also resembles C. vigilansj Blackb., but is very much smaller, with the eyes a little less approximate and the punctures of the elytral series deep and sharply defined, whereas in viyilans they are so faintly impressed that even on the discal part of the elytra they might almost be called subobsolete. Queensland ; Port Denison ; sent by Mr. Masters. C. Cairnsi, sp.nov. Sat late ovalis ; sat convexus ; minus nitidus ; cyaneo-niger, prothorace sat laete cyaneo, elytris eeneis obscure purpureo- tinctis ; oculis quam antennarum articuli basalis longitudine multo minus inter se remotis ; sulcis ocularibus baud plane nullis ; antennis robustis quam corporis dimidium sat bre- vioribus, apicem versus parum incrassatis, articulo 2° quam ps 2"Sq^e conjuncti vix longiori quam 4^^ 5"^que conjunct! sat breviori, articulis apicalibus quam praecedentes haud brevioribus ; prothorace quam longiori (et postice quam antice) fere duplo latiori, antice emarginato (vix bisinuatim), a basi antrorsum sat sequaliter sat arcuatim angustato, dis- tincte subtiliter minus crebre punctulato, basi media sub- lobata, aiigulis obtusis ; elytris modice (quam C. variabilis, Blessig, vix minus for titer) sat sequaliter seriatim punctulatis, interstitiis planis sparsim subtilissime punctulatis ; prosterno medio sulcato ; metasterno medio distincte, abdomine sub- tilissime, sparsim punctulatis ; hoc longitudinaliter subtiliter rugato; femoribus anticis antice sparsim distincte punctulatis; tarsis subtus nigro-setosis, posticorum articulo basali quam ceteri conjuncti manifeste breviori. [Long. 5|, lat. 3 J lines. This species is somewhat isolated, but its place in the tabulation is, I think, among its real allies. If its colouring is constant (I have seen only two specimens) it is easily known by the cyaneous tone of its undersurface, together with its bright blue prothorax and dull bronzy-seneous elytra, which are more or less tinged with dark purple. Its eyes are not bordered by true sulci, but the BY THE REV. T. BLACKBURN 73 intermediate space being distinctly convex there is a slightly silicate appearance to a casual glance where the lateral declivity of the intermediate space meets the eyes. If it were to be regarded as having ocular sulci, it would have to be placed beside the species that I take to be C. semiticus, Pasc, from which it differs inter alia by its very different shape and shorter 3rd joint of antennpe. Queensland ; Cairns district ; sent by Mr. Masters. C. Mastersi, sp.nov. ((J ?) Late ovalis ; nitidus ; niger. elytris ceeruleis vel viridibus purpureo-aureoque versicoloribus ; capite sat sequaliter dis- tincte punctulato ; ocnlis quam antennarum articuli basalis longitudine sat magis inter se remotis ; sulcis ocularibus fere nuUis ; antennis quam corporis dimidium sat brevioribus apicem versus vix incrassatis, articulo 3° quam P^ 2"^que conjuncti param longiori quam 4"^ 5"^que conjuncti parum breviori, articulis apicalibus quam prsecedentes haud breviori- bus ; prothorace subopaco quam longiori (et postice quam antice) fere duplo latiori, sat subtiliter sat crebre vix sequaliter punctulato, antice leviter bisinuatim emarginato, a basi antrorsum (superne vise) arcuatim angustato, basi media sublobata, angulis anticis obtusis posticis (superne visis) fere rectis ; elytris a basi ad apicem manifeste striatis, striis postice profundioribus crebre sat subtiliter punctulatis (puncturis apicem versus majoribus), interstitiis fere planis sat crebre sat subtiliter punctulatis ; prosterno medio antice cai'inato ; metasteino in medio subtiliter (latera versus vix manifeste) punctulato ad latera oblique rugato, abdomine sparsim subtilissime punctulato et obscure rugato ; femoribus anticis antice distincte sparsim punctulatis ; tarsis subtus nigro-setosis, posticorum articulo basali quam ceteri conjuncti paullo breviori. [Long. 7 J, lat. 4 lines. A fine handsome species allied to C. superbus, Blackb,, and interioris, Blackb., but differing from both by its wide oval form, as well as (so far as I can judge from the few examples I have .1 KKVISION OF THK Are^TKAT.I.VN AMARYG.MIDES, s('eii) by the colonic of its elytra not being arrans^od in well-defined loagitudinal stripes. It ivsembles C. /oiKjiiu^cuius, Blackb., (which is tix)m the same locality) in the distinct striation of its elytra and to some extent in its colouring, but ditiers from it widely in other i"espects — it^s form being very ditVerent, its prothorax very much more tninsverse, cVrc, »tc. N. Territory of S. Australi.i : sent by Mr. ^[asters. C. OBSOLKTUS, Mac). The following description of this insect has been furnished by M r. Skuse, who has kindly examined the type and re-described it. "Black, elyti-a dull greenish-black or bronzy -green. Eyes separated by a wide interval as in (the species I regard as) rupripenuis, Hope, and margined within by a weakly detined sulcus. Prothorax as in (the species treated in this Et vision as) Jasluosus, Germ., in shape, with strong close puncturation, almost conduent at sides. Elytra scarcely perceptibly striate, their entire surface stroneated in this Revision as)/tI^^/l/t)^?/^% Germ." The bracketed portions of the above are interjected by myself, as Mr. Skuse is of course not responsible for the correctness of my identifications. C. thsD^eius is evidently, from tlie abjve description, closely allied to C. fastiwsus, Germ., with which I have bracketed it in the tabulation of the species. Mr. Skuse considers it distinct from the in^^ect I sent him as fastnosics, and I have no doubt he is right. C. PKOSPiciENS, sp.nov. Elongatus ; sat parallelus ; sat nitidus : niger, elytris viridibus cupreo-tinetis ; capite int^r oculos punctulato ; oculis quam antennaruni artieuli secundi longitudine minus int^r se remotis ; suleis ocularibus nuUis : antennis (exempli typici) fere carentibus : prothorace nitido quam longiori fere duabus partibus (postice quam antice fere duplo) latiori, sparsissime sulH>bsolete punctulato. antice leviter emarginato, a basi BY THE REV. T. BLACKBURN. 75 autrorsuui (supei'iie viso) arcuatiuii uiigUrttato, babi iiiedia levitcr sublobata, angulis aiiticis di.-,tiucLis posticis (superne visis) obtusis ; elytris seriatim punctulatis, puncturis seriatis subtilibus crebris, interstitiis planis fere subtilissime punc- tulatis ; prosterno medio sulcato ; metasterno (epipleuris inclusis) sparsim distincte punctulato et latera versus stri- gato ; abdomine minus distincte punctulato longitudinaliter perspicue rugato ; femoribus anticis antice sparsim subliliter punctulatis ; tarsis subtus nigro-setosis, posticorum articulo basali ceteris conjunctis longitudine sat oequali. [Long. 7, lat. 3 lines. An extremely elongate species resembling C. ^:)e7'/o^i^ws in general form, but with a small strongly convex prothorax more like that of C. Icevicollis, Blessig. The prothorax is very nitid and distinctly (though quite faintly) iaipressed with very sparse punctures. The seriate puncturation of the elytra is very like that in C. ciipripennis, Blackb., the puncturation of the interstices being a little finer and less close than in that species, but still quite distinct. The eyes so nearly meeting that they are sepa- rated by an interval narrower than the length of the 2nd joint of the antennse is a character that distinguishes this insect from nearly all its congeners. W. Australia ; Nullabor Plains ; sent by C. French, Esq. C. VELUTiNUS, W. S. Macl. This species (the type of which I have had the advantage of inspecting, through the courtesy of Mr. Masters) is identical with an example from N. Queensland referred to by me under the heading of G. obsciorus as possibly a local form of that insect, but more probably a distinct species. I am now satisfied that it is really distinct. It difters by its larger size (long. 7f, lat. 4 lines), its prothorax markedly more transverse (fully once and three-quarters as wide as long), with sides less narrowed forward in their basal half and surface distinctly punctulate, and by the finer and closer punctures of its elytral series, which are not at all loss fine and close than those of C. cu]:>ri2)ennis, Blackb. 76 REVISION OF THE AUSTRALIAN AMARYGMIDES, C. RUSTicuSj sp.nov. Oblongo-ovalis ; modice nitidus ; niger, capite viridi-tincto, prothorace viiidi (cupreo-tincto), elytris cupreo-purpureis (viridi-tinctis) ; capite sat subtiliter minus crebre punctu- lato ; oculis quam antennarum articuli basalis longitudine vix magis inter se remotis ; sulcis ocidaribus fere nullis, antennis quam corporis dimidium multo brevioribus, articulo 3° V 2°que conjunctis longitudine sat sequali quam i^^ 5"^que conjuncti sat breviori, articulis S-10 quam pra^cedentes mani- festo brevioribus ; prothorace quam longiori (et postice quam antice) fere duplo latiori, sat crebre sat subtiliter punctulato, antice modice emarginato, lateribus (superne visis) a basi antrorsum arcuatim angustatis, basi media sublobata^ angulis anticis obtusis posticis (superne visis) subrectis ; elytris sat subtiliter seriatim punctulatis, interstitiis planis subtilissiuie punctulatis ; prosterno medio antice carinato ; corpore subtus minus distincte punctulato ; femoribus anticis antice sparsim sat perspicue punctulatis ; tarsis subtus fulvo-setosis, posti- corum articulo basali quam ceteri conjuncti multo breviori. [Long. 7-8, lat. 34-4i lines. A robust species not very close to any other known to me. The seriate puncturation of th6 elytra is similar to that of C. variabilis, Blessig, but it looks more conspicuous owing to the extreme fineness of the interstitial puncturation. In some respects this insect answers to the description of C. ohiusus, Pasc, but I do not think it can be that species owing to the elytra of the latter being described as "haud versicolora," the tarsi as "slender" (they being rather exceptionally stout in the present insect), &c. X. Queensland ; Palmer R. ; sent by C. French, Esq. C. NOBiLis, sp.nov, Ovalis ; paullo elongatus ; sat nitidus ; niger, prothorace leviter viridi-tincto, elytris aureo-viridibus (puncturarum fundo pur- ])ureo) ; capite subtilius minus crebre punctulato ; oculis quam antennarum articuli basalis longitudine vix magis BY THE REV. T. BLACKBURN. 77 inter se remotis ; sulcis ocularibus fere nullis ; antennis qiiam corporis dimidium sat brevioribus, apicem versus vix incrassatis, articulo 3"^' qnam 1"^ 2"^que conjuncti sat longiori quam 4"^ 5"^que conjuncti paullo breviori, articulis apicalibus qnam prtecedentes baud brevioribus ; piothorace quam longiori (et j)Ostice quam antice) tribus partibus latiori, subtiliter vix crebre punctulato, antice emarginato, a basi antrorsum (superne viso) arcuatim angustato, basi media leviter sub- lobata, angulis (superne visis) obtusis ; elytris seriatim foveatis, interstitiis planis subtilissime punctulatis ; pros- terno medio antice carinato ; metasterno medio et abdomine sparsim subtiliter punctulatis, hoc obscure rugato ; femoribus anticis antice sparsim subtiliter punctulatis ; tarsis subtus fulvo-setosis, posticorum articulo basali apicalibus 2 conjunctis (unguibus exclusis) longitudine aequali. [Long. 6^, lat. 34 lines. A very distinct species owing to the large foveiform punctures of the elytral series, two of which in one row form witli the corresponding two of the next row the corners of a square. In the two examples that I have seen the elytra are of a deep rich green colour with golden reflections and the seriate foveae are bright purple at the bottom. N. Queensland ; Cooktown ; sent by Mr. French. C. HUNTERENSIS, Sp.UOV. Oblongo-ovalis ; sat nitidus ; niger, elytris cyaneis certo ad- spectu aureo- vel purpureo-micantibus ; C. ininori^ Blackb., aflSnis ; puncturis in elytrorum seriebus magis subtilibus, oblongis, magis sparsis ; cetera ut C. minoris. [Long. 51-6, lat. SJ-B^ lines. Very like the Western Australian G. minor, but with the seriate punctures of the elytra very different, being extremely fine elongate points (almost scratches) placed in the rows very notaMy further apart from each other than are the corresponding punctures in C. minor. This species must bear considerable resemblance to C, ccelestis, Pasc, but the eyes of that insect are 78 REVISION OF THE AUSTRALIAN AMARYGMIDES, described as "approximate" (which certainly they are not in the specimens before me) and the seriate punctures as "rather fine" — a description that would have been quite insufficient if Mr. Pascoe had been dealing with the present insect. This species also resembles C. Icevicollis, Blessig (which I take to be identical with ccelestis, Pasc), but differs from it by its much more widely sepa- rated eyes devoid of ocular sulci, its non-trapezoidal prothorax, anfl the much finer seriate punctures of its elytra. N.S.W. ; Hunter R. district ; sent by Mr. Masters. C. PULCHER, sp.nov. Elongato-ovalis, minus nitidus ; niger, prothorace Isete cseruleo, elytris cseruleis purpureo tinctis ; capite subtiliter sat crebre punctulato ; oculis quam antennarum articnli basalis longi- tudine fere magis inter se remotis ; sulcis ocularibus nullis ; antennis corporis dimidio longitudine sequalibus, apicera versus baud incrassatis, articulo 3° quam 1"^ 2"^que conjuncti sat longiori quam i^^ 5^^que conjuncti vix breviori, articulis apicalibus quam prsecedentes fere Jongioribus ; prothorace quam longiori fere dimidio (postice quam antice plus quam duabus partibus) latiori, subtilissiuie distincte sat crebre punctulato, antice vix emarginato, a basi antrorsum (superne viso) arcuatim angustato, basi media sublobata, angulis omni- bus (superne visis) obtusis ; elytris sat fortiter seriatim punctulatis (fere ut C. amethystin% Fab.), interstitiis planis vix perspicue punctulatis ; prosterno medio antice carinato ; corpore subtus quam supra multo magis nitido, vix perspicue punctulato, obscure rugato; femoribus anticis antice distincte minus sparsim punctulatis ; tarsis subtus fulvo-setosis, posti- corum articulo basali quam ceteri conjuncti pauUo breviori. [Long. 6, lat. 3 lines. This species is so remarkably like C. ametliystinus, Fab., that I should regard it as a black-legged variety of that insect were it not for the bright fulvous vestiture of the underside of its tarsi and the puncturation (very obsolete, but quite traceable) of its elytral interstices. Its eyes are about as far apart from each BY THE REV. T. BLACKBURN. 79 other as those of C. variabilis, Blessig. I do not think it can he coelestis, Pasc, as the author of that species says that its eyes are approximate, and distinguishes it from ametliystinus by (inter alia) its black prothorax. C, OCULARIS, sp.nov. Elongato-ovalis ; sat nitidus ; niger (exempli typici) prothorace viridi, elytris cupreo-purpureis certo adspectu latera versus viridi-tinctis ; capite crebre pnnctulato ; oculis subcontiguis ; sulcis ocularibus nullis; antennis quam corporis dimidium vix brevioiibus apicem versus haud incrassatis, articulo 3° quam |us 2^sque conjuncti vix longiori quam 4^^^ 5"^que conjuncti multo breviori, articulis apicalibus quam prsecedentes haud brevioribus ; prothorace quam longiori dimidio (postice quam antice tribus [»artibus) latiori, leviter minus crebre minus subtiliter punctulato, antice bisinuatim leviter emarginato, a basi antrorsum arcuatim angustato, basi media sublobata, angulis obtusis ; elytrorum sculptura tota fere ut C. cupri- pennis, Blackb. ; prosterno medio carinato ; corpore subtus obsolete sparsim vix subtiliter punctulato ; femoribus anticis antice sparsim subtiliter punctulatis ; tarsis subtus fulvo- setosis, posticorum articulo basali ceteris conjunctis (unguibus exceptis) longitudine sequali. [Long. 7, lat. 3 lines. An isolated species at once distinguishable from all others of the genus known to me by its eyes almost contiguous in front ; they are separated by a mere filament scarcely wider than the diameter of one of the granules of the eyes. In general form this insect resembles C. lonyi2)ennis, Hope. Queensland. C. Leai, sp.nov. C. longipenrd, Hope (ut supra descri[)to) affinis ; difFert corpore subtus haud iridescenti, oculis quam antennai'um articuli basalis longitudine paullo magis inter se remotis, antennis paullo brevioiibus magis robustis ; prothorace quam longiori (et postice quam antice) fere duplo latiori, minus nitido, minus fortiter punctulato in parte basali minus distincte 80 REVISION OF THE AUSTRALIAN AMARYGMIDES, antrorsum angiistato ; elytris niulto magis fortiter (quam C. variabilis, Blessig, fere magis fortiter) seriatim punctu- latis, interstitiis vix subconvexis, tarsis subtus fulvo-setosis ; cetera ut C. lonyipennis. [Long. S-J, lat. 4V lines. This species presents one of the difficulties of tabulation which I have found it impossible to exclude in dealing with this genus. It belongs to the aggregate having the following characters in combination — ocular sulci absent, underside not iridescent, tarsal vestiture fulvous. This aggregate I have divided into two groups, in one of which the prothorax is gradually narrowed forward from the base, while in the other that segment is of equal width from the base to the middle. But the prothorax in this species does not seem quite in place in either of those groups, being when viewed from above very little (but still perceptibly) narrowed from the base to the middle and then much more strongly thence to the front. I have with some hesitation placed the insect in the former of the two groups ; if it were regarded as belonging to the second of them, it would stand beside colossus, Blackb., from which it is at once distinguished inter alia by the very much larger punctures of its elytral series. From the Western Australian C. similis it is separated inter alia by its very much more transverse pro- thorax, as well as by the larger punctures of its elytral series. It may be noted that there is a suiall obscure carina close to the inner margin of each eye, and that the anterior inner corners of the eyes are cut very obliquely, so that the space between the eyes narrows considerably hindward — characters which I do not find in any very nearly allied species. N. S. Wales ; taken near Forest Reefs by Mr. Lea, of the Agricultutal Department. C. PALMERENSIS, Sp.nOV. Satlatus; minus nitidus: elytris (exempli typici) obscure cyaneis purpureo-tinctis ; oculis quam antennarum articuli basalis longitudine haud magis inter se remotis; antennarum articulo 3° quam P^ 2"\iue conjuncti breviori quam 4"^ 5"^que con- juncti sat multo breviori ; prothorace haud valde convexo, BY THE REV. T. BLACKBURN. 81 sat sj)arsiiD punctulato ; elytrorum puncturis seiiatis apicem versus magis magnis magis profundis, inteistitiis vix con- vexis ; metasterno in medio subtiliter ad latera sat crasse punctulato ; abdomine sat subtiliter punctulato ; cetera ut C. culossi, Blackb. [Long. 10, lat. 5J lines. A large species closely allied to C. colossus, Blackb., but of wider and more ro'bust l)uild and more obscurely coloured. In the unique specimen known to me of this insect the tarsal vestiture has been much matted, and I have not been able to restore it very satisfactorily. In its present condition the vestiture is of a pitchy- black tone in general, but in places is distinctly fulvous, and I have no doubt the tarsal vestiture in a fresh example is entirely fulvous. Subject to the differences specified in the diagnosis above, the diagnosis of C. colossus may be read as applying to this insect. N. Queensland ; Palmer R. ; sent by C. French, Esq. C. LATICOLLIS, Sp.nOV. C. colosso affinis ; differt prothorace quam longiori (et postice quam antice) fere duplo latiori, in medio quam ad basin manifeste latiori ; elytrorum puncturis seriatis minus sub- tilibus. [Long. 8-91, lat. 4i-44 lines. This species is nearer to colossus than I like, but the differences seem to be of a kind that cannot but be specific ; indeed, the form of the prothorax in the present insect (of which I have seen a good many examples) is alone sufhcient to form a distinction from every other Chalcopterus that I have seen, that segment being at its widest at the middle and thence slightly narrowed to the base. Queensland. C. GRACILIOR, sp.nOV. C. Bovilli valde affinis ; corpore supra Isete cyaneo vel violaceo (capite obscuriori) certo adspectu viridi-tincto ; corpore subtus splendide metallico-iridescenti ; antennis (9 ?) quam corporis dimidium paullo breviori ; prothorace magis sub- 6 82 REVISION OF THE AUHTRALIAN AMARYGMIDES, tillter mfif^\H crf;bre punctuliito ; elytroruin interstitiis crebie l>erspiciie punctulatis ; cetera ut C. BoviUi. [Long. 5, lat. 2\ lines. The (liaf,'nosis of C. Bovilli may be read as applying to this species excej»t in respect of the characteis mentioned above. It is jtosMible that the unique tyf»eof C. HoviUi n>ay be a black var. of a species that is ordinarily brif,'htly coloured. If that be the case, and if I am right in thinking that that type is a male and that I have not seen a male of C. (jracilior (in which case both the antennal differences and tho.se in colour might be non-specific), the two species aie excessively closely allied ; but even so, I think them to be certainly distinct on account of the very marked difference in their sculpture, the puncturation of tlie protljorax in gracilior being very considerably finer and closer than in JiovilH, while the interstices of the elytral strife in the former are very distinctly ])unctured and in the latter all bnt impunctate, the puT\ctnres heing scarcely discernible even with a powerful Codding- ton lens. In my tabulation this insect falls in a small very polymorphous group of species associated by the unusual and cons[)icnouH (but not really important) character of the under- surface being iridescent and of metallic colours. N. Queensland ; Palmer II. ; sent by Mr. French. C. iRiDicoLOii, Blessig. The Victorian insect, to which I somewhat confidently aj)ply this name, presents the following characters in combination : — ocular sulci at their maximum develo|)rnent (ve.iy wide, deep, and ]Qng, — not foveiforni), tarsal vestiture black or iifarly so, interval between the eyes (including the sulci) just about equal to the length of the basal joint of the anteniue, size at most moderate. These characters are shared with several other forms, which I believe to be good species, but the group of CliaJcopteri, consisting of the species thus distinguished )»resents to me much greater difficulties than any otheis of th*; genus ; fr)r on the one hand it contains some most variable species, and on the other hand it HY TIIH l{KV. r. HLACKI5UKN. 83 senilis likoly (yet iiicapablo of beiii;^ (Icliiiitcly csl.-iblislKMl l>y me) that several already-named Chalcopteri appcrtiiin to it. Among tli(^ s|)eciuiens presenting the combination of characters mcntionod above, I distinguish O. irblicolor by tiie following com- bination :--ocular sulci of more perfectly (5ven form, and the refoic more entirely devoid of any deepening in front sugg(;stive of a fovea, general form robust and elongate oval (not very parallel), })uncturation of i)i()thorax veiy sparse, elytra usually marked with rather well-delined longitudinal stripes of grccMi, golden and pui-ple, seriate punctures of elytra very unecpial in si/e (some of the punctures in the series being much larger than others), s(^riat(', puncturation in general rather coarse and not close (evidently, but not very much less fine than in C. variabilis, lilessig), interstices scarcely quite flat (at any rate in tlic^ male), very (iiieJy and lujt closely (especially in the male) punctured. Closely allied to the above is a species wliioh seems to Ix! very variabh^ and vc-ry widely distributed, and common in N. S. Wales, and which J. take to be 0. vinosus, Pasc. 1 fi^'l some doubt as to \vh(^ther it may not eventually prov(^ to be a form of (J. iridicolm\ In what I take to be its typical form, tins ins(H;t is smaller, narrower and more parallel than irldico/or, its (^l\tra iwo. not striped with various colours, Imt tlu^ whoh^ U|>[)er snrfa,(;n a,|)p(!ars to he of a uniform gre(Mi or reddish-coppery colour, ac(;ording to tlu; point of view. TIm; ocular sulci have just the least indication of an anterior dilatation (a very slight character, Iiowcvim), tlie prothora.v is a little more closely punctured, tin; seriatim |»uiu;tuies of the elytra an; a little finer, tlu; interstices are moi-e absolutely Hat and mucli mori; stiongly puncl^ured (tlu; sculpture of the (elytra is extremely lik(i that of variabifis, hlessig, but the scu-iato punctures are a little less close, and the int,(M-stitial })unctures are a litt.h; strong(>r). Tin; tarsal vestitun^ is not (|uit(^ so black, some piccous or even reddish hairs being mingled among the hlack ones. Jf the form Just described were th(5 only oihj of this insect, it would apj)ear to b(> cpiite distinct from 0. iridicolor, but ciihci- it varies to an (ixtiMordinary (ixtent, or there are S(!veral very closely allied S[)ecios between which I have failed to find any reliable 84 RKVISION OF THE AUSTRALIAN AMARYGMIDES, distinctions, for among upwards of a liundred specimens whicli I have examined, I find some in whicli tlie seriate punctures of the elytra are quite as large as in iridicolor (with intermediate shades of difference), and a few in which the colours approximate a little to iridicolor, while in a few (otherwise indistinguishable) the interstices are almost impunctate, and in some (all, I think, from the northern parts of N. S. Wales) the red hairs in the tarsal vestiture are quite as plentiful as the black ones. In all pro- bability Amarygmus resplendens, Boisd., is one of these varieties. These variations, if they be mere variations, are especially remarkable because in other species of Chalcoi^terus the sculpture seems very constant, scarcely varying for example in C. cupripennisy Blackb., (of which I have examined large numbers), exce[)t in the slight sexual variation that I have referred to in describing that insect. C. VIRIDICOLLIS; W. S. Macl. This is an extremely distinct species, not very near any other that I have seen. In a natural arrangement of the Chalcoj)teri it would probably stand nob far from Icetus, Blackb., but the exigencies of classification require me to place it at the other end of the genus on account of its having perfectly distinct (though not very greatly developed) ocular sulci. It is an oval, somewhat elongate, moderately convex species of moderate size (long. 6, lat. 34 lines). The type is coloured as follows : — head and pro- thorax dark rich green, elytra coppery or golden or purple, according to the point of view, undersurface iridescent (blue, green and purple), legs and antennae black. The antennae (^ 1) are considerably shorter than half the length of the body, and are not much thickened towards the apex, joints 8-10 not much shorter than the joints immediately preceding them. The clypeus and labrum are closely punctured, the rest of the head very sparsely. The space between the eyes is moderately wide (about ^ of the width of the same in C. cupripennis, Blackb.), and in the type is of peculiar form, its front and hind part resembling two plates applied to each other almost at a right angle (of course BY THE REV. T. BLACKBURN. 85 without any suture), so that the vertex ahiiost continues the plane of the prothorax, and then suddenly becomes nearly vertical. The pi'othorax is not much more than half again as wide as its length, the front margin not quite 4 the width of the base, the sides feebly arched, the surface punctured finely and sparsely. The elytra bear very even and distinct rows of punctures, the punc- tures moderately large (somewhat larger and less close than those in the series on the elytra of C. variabilis, Blessig), and the interstices are nitid and irapunctate. The underside 'is almost devoid of sculpture. The vestiture of the undersurface of the tarsi is black, the basal joint of the hind tarsi being very little longer than the apical joint. The exact habitat is uncertain, the unique type being ticketed "New Holland." The ocular sulci being not very strong, it is perhaps well to note that if it were placed among the species not having distinct ocular sulci in my tabulation it would have to stand beside G. iridiventris, from which the very much coarser seriate puncturation of its elytra at once distinguishes it. C. EREMiTA, Blackb. (Scientitic Results of the Elder Expedn. Trans. Roy. Soc. S.A. xvi. p. 4-i). This species, it should be noted, bears much resemblance to C. difficilis, Blackb., but may be readily distinguished by, inter alia, its better defined and longer ocular sulci, and the seriate punctures of its elytra becoming very feeble near tiie apex, ■whereas in difficilis the corresponding punctures extend quite to the apex without any enfeeblement. C. SEGNis, sp.nov. Late ovalis, sat nitidus; niger elytris viridibus ; capite subopaco, subobsolete punctulato ; oculis quam antennarum articuli 3' longitudine paullo magis inter se remotis ; sulcis ocularibus subfoveiformibus ; antennis quam corporis dimidium sat brevioribus (^ prothoracis basin parum superantibus), apicem versus vix incrassatis, articulo 3° quam 1"^ 2"^que conjuncti vix longiori quam 4"^ 5"^que conjuncti sat breviori, articulis 86 REVISION OF THE AUSTRALIAN AMARYGMIDES, apicalibus quam praecedentes vix brevioribus ; prothorace quam longiori (et postice quam antice) plus quam duplo latiori, subobsolete punctulato, subopaco, antice sinuntim emarginato, a basi antrorsum (superne vise) arcuatim angustato basi media sat late sublobata, angulis obtusis ; elytris a basi ad apicem (prope basin minus distincte) sub- tiliter (fere ut G. ci/pripennis) seriatim-punctulatis, interstitiis planis sat perspicue nee crebre punctulatis ; prosterno medio antice carinato ; metasterno medio et abdomine spavsim manifeste punctulatis ; femoribus anticis antice minus sub- tiliter punctulatis ; tarsis subtus nigro-setosis, posticorum articulo basali quam ceteri conjuncti paullo breviori. [Long. 6-7, lat. 34-4 lines. The two exam))les examined are both quite black except the elytra, which are of dark but very decided green colour, without iridescence other than a slightly golden tone in certain lights. The general form is that of semiticus, simius, and cupripennis (though the last named is not quite so widely oval), from which it may be separated by the following characters inter alia — from semiticus by its widely separated eyes, from simius by the much more defined seriate puncturation of its elytra, from simius and cupripennis by its well-defined ocular sulci. N. Queensland ; sent by Mr. French. C. LiEVicoLLis, Blessig. This is one of the few species of Chalcopterus that I have ascertained to be widely distributed in Australia. It does not appear to be very common. I do not feel much doubt of its being the insect that Hope described as Cnodulon cyanipennis, Boisduval as Amarygnius columbinus, and Pascoe as Amarygmus ccelestis. If those identifications are correct, Boisduval's is the name that will have to be adopted ; but as, among the names in question, Blessig's is the only one connected with a description and figure good enough to justify anything like certainty, it is no doubt better to use that name for the present, and hope that someone having access to the types of the other authors mentioned BY THE REV. T. BLACKBURN. 87 above will examine them and report whether they are likely to be identical with IcevicoIMs. It is an extremely isolated species, and can be at once distinguished from all the other Chalcopieri that I have seen by the following characters in combination — ocular sulci well defined, tarsal vestiture fulvous, legs dark, prothorax subtrapezoidal and impunctate. I may note that I have seen two examples from Narrabri, N.S.W., sent by Mr. Masters for examination, which differ from typical specimens of C. Icevicollis only in being larger (long. 7 lines) and having green elytra ; it is just possible that this form may be that which Boisduval named cohcmbinus, and I think it a mere variety of Icevicollis, Blessig. C. PiciPES, Macl. Mr. Skuse has had the kindness to examine the type of this insect for me, and reports that the only difference he can find between it and riifipes, Macl., is in the elytra of the former being of a greenish colour. The following are the species of Chalcopterus described since the publication of Mr. Masters' Catalogue of Coleoptera and before the date of this Revision. C. LONGiuscuLUs, Blackb., F.L.S.N.S.W. 1888, p. 1435. C. EREMiTA, Blackb., Trans. Roy. Soc. S.A. Vol. xvi. p. 44. C. Meyricki, Blackb., loc. cit. p. 45. Amarygmus. The name A7}ia7\ijgmus has been limited by M. Blessig to those species which present the characters that I have enumerated in the first part of this memoir as distinctive of Chalcoj^terics, with the exception that their mandibles are bifid at the apex. Not- withstanding M. Blessig's work, however, subsequent authors have ignored the distinction and attributed to Amarygmus the species that M. Blessig would have called Chalcopteri without even referring to the structure of the mandibles. It is there- fore a matter of some difficulty in revising the Amarygmides 88 RKVISION OF THE AUSTRALIAN AMARYGMIDES, to apportion the species confidently between the two genera, except in those instances where it is possible to identify them on other characters. Fortunately there are fairly marked diflerenc' s of other kinds distinguishing Amo.rygmus fiom Chalcopterus, so that it is practicable in the case of most of the described species to make at least a very good guess from the descriptions to which genus they belong. The species with truncate mandibles are never (judging from many hundreds of specimens that I have examined) of very small size, whereas those with bifid mandibles include many such and none very large ; the vestiture of the tarsi in the species with bifid mandibles is always of bright fulvous colour, whereas the vestiture in those with truncate mandibles is usually black ; in the former the clypeus is, with scarcely ii.n exception, much less reflexed above the base of the antennae than in the latter ; in the former there are almost never well-defined ocular sulci, and the colour of the legs is much more variable, not a few species having them entirely rufous and many having black legs with testaceous or rufous tarsi, while in the latter the ocular sulci are often very strongly developed, and with one or two exceptions (in which the whole legs, or the femora only, are rufous) the legs are entirely black or pitchy-black. The following species I can attribute definitely to Amarygmus as the result of tlie examination of well authenticated specimens, viz. — convexiusculus, Macl. ; convexus, Pasc. ; exilis, Pasc. ; foveolatus, Macl. ; striatus, Mad. ; torridas, Pasc. ; tyrrhenus^ Pasc. ; variolarls, Fasc. ; and I hav3 no doubt, judging from their general characters, that the following are also Amarygmi, viz. — cupido, Pasc. ; ellipsoides, Pasc. ; i7idagaceus, Pasc. ; mau7'ulus, Pasc. ; minutics, Pasc. ; picicornis, Hope ; pusillus, Pasc. ; semissus, Pasc. ; tarsab's, Pasc. • and tristis, Fab. Of these latter I have identified more or less confidently — cuindo^ Pasc. ; indagaceus, Pasc. ; minutus, Pasc. ; semissus, Pasc. ; tarsalis, Pasc. ; and tristis. Fab. There are thus four species that I have been unable to identify and am obliged to pass over in silence, viz. — eUip)Soides, Pasc, ; niauridiLS, Pasc. ; pusiUus, Pasc. ; and picicornis, Hope. I do not think that I have seen any of those four, but there is a possibility that I may have BY THE REV. T. BLACKBURN. 89 re-described some of them, as their description is in no case very full or detailed. The known Amarygmi are much less numerous than the Chal- copteri and the species are much rarer in collections. It is noteworthy that I have seen only a single species from Western Australia or Tasmania, and only three species from South Aus- tralia and Victoria, two of which are represented by unique types. A. Prothorax not strigose. B. Elytral sculpture distinctly longitu- dinal, C. Elytral sculpture consisting of punc- tulate striae or rows of punctures. D. Prothorax or interstices of elytra, or both, distinctly punctulate. E. Form more or less elongate. F. Tibiae of dark colour. G. Elytra uniformly black or aeneous, very uitid, and strongly striate. H. Size 5 lines or more. I. The punctures in the elytral striae very uneven in size and distance apart uniformis, Blackb. II. The punctures in the elytral striae very even, a little hner hind ward alienus, Blackb. HH. Size 4 lines or less [semissus, 'P&bq,] GG. Elytra not as in G. H. Head between the eyes more or less nitid and very dis- tinctly punctulate. I. Sides of head extremely feebly reflexed above the base of the antennae. 90 REVISION OF THE AUSTRALIAN AMARYGMIDES, J. Elytra not or scarcely striate K. Metasternum (at least ou sides) not or scarcely punctulate. L. Elytra variegated with several metallic colours M. 3rd joint of antennae notably longer than 5 th. N. Antennae black or pitchy-black. 0. Sides of prothorax considerably round- ed (xger, Blackb, 00. Sides of prothorax nearly straight... suavis, Blackb. NN. Antenna? rufous or testaceous. O. Abdomen very strong- ly punctured ruficornis, Blackb^ 00. Abdomen very feeb- ly punctured [cupido, Pasc] MM. 3rd joint of antennae scarcely longer than 5th exilis, Pasc. LL. Elytra of a uniform deep blue or violet colour indagaceus, Pasc . KK. The whole metasternum (except the episterna) coarsely punctured.... pectoralis, Blackb.^ JJ. Elytra distinctly striate from base to apex Frenchi, Blackb. BY THE REV. T. BLACKBURN. 91 TT. Sides of head mucli more reflexed above the base of the antennae tyrrhenus, Pasc. HH. Head between the eyes more opaque and scarcely punctulate. I. Elytra substriate, seriate punctures fine [tristis, Fab.] II. Elytra not striate, seriate punctures subfoveiform.. porosus, Blackb. FF. Tibiae clear rufous. G. Prothorax finely punctured and very nitid. fl. Size moderate — 3 lines or more stoUdus, Blackb. HH . Size very small lilliputanus, Blackb. GG. Prothoracic punctures strong and close, tending to be longitudinally confluent in places rvtilipeSj Blackb. EE. Form very widely oval (like convexus and tardus) torridiiSj Pasc. DD. Prothorax and interstices of elytra both impunctate or nearly so. E. Femora and tibiae dark. F. Form narrow and subparallel tay^salis, TeiHC. FF. Form oval, and much wider foveolatus Macl. EE. Femora and tibiae clear rufous. F. Form narrow corivexiusculios, Macl. FF. Form very widely and roundly oval convexus, Pasc. 92 REVISION OF THE AUSTRALIAN AMARYGMIDES, CC. Elytral sculpture consists of striae wliich are crenulate rather than punctulate and nearly simple near apex. D. Legs dark. • E. Punctures of the strise closely })laced. F. Interstices of elytral strise not (or scarcely) punctulate. G. Interstices of elytral stria3 not (or very little) convex near apex. H. Elytra black striatus, Macl. HII. Elytra blue qiieenslandicus,B\ackh. GG. Interstices quite sharply con- vex near apex. H. Curve of elytral outline (viewed from the side) very strong, interstices cariniform pinguis, Blackb. HH. Curve of elytral outline (viewed from the side) much feebler, interstices not cariniform perplexus^ Blackb. FF. Interstices very distinctly punctulate diaper io ides, Blackb. EE. Punctures of the striae very distant from each other ciq^rea, Pasc. [Furypera.'j DD. Legs clear rufous [miniUios, Pasc] CCC. Elytral sculpture consisting of large purple fovese. BY THE REV. T. BLACKBURN. 93 D. Size small (long. 3-J- lines) littdensis^ Blackb. DD. Size much larger. E. Form widely oval tardus, Blackb. EE. Form narrow and very parallel r^imosics, Blackb. BB. Elytral sculpture not running in longitudinal rows variolaris, Pasc. A A. Prothorax densely strigose rugaticollis, Blackb. A. ALIENUS, sp.nov. Ovalis ; sat nitidus ; subtus niger supra totus viridi-?eneus haud iridescens, antennis pedibusque plus minusve piceis vel ferrugineis; capite crebre sat subtiliter punctulato; oculis quam antennarum articuli basalis longitudine vix minus inter se remotis ; sulcis ocularibus nullis ; antennis sat elongatis, articulo 3° quam P^ 2"®que conjuncti vix longiori quam 4"® 5"®que parum breviori, articulo 8° quam 7"^ paullo breviori (ceteris exempli typici carentibus) ; prothorace quam longiori fere duplo (postice quam antice fere tribus partibus) latiori, crebre obsolete punctulato, antice sat fortiter emarginato, a basi (superne viso) antrorsum arcuatim angustato, basi media sat anguste sublobata, angulis anticis sat productis minus obtusis ; elytris sat seqiialiter striatis, striis fortiter punctu- latis, puncturis in seriebus sat crebre positis a serierum lateralium parte mediana antrorsum retrorsum et suturam versus gradatim magis subtilibus, interstitiis sat convexis sat crebre obsolete (vix perspicue) punctulatis ; prosterno medio sat profunde sulcato ; metasterno medio subtiliter punctulato et transversim rugato, episternis sat opacis vix punctulatis; abdomine subtiliter punctulato et sat fortiter rugato; femori- bus anticis antice leviter ])unctulatis ; tarsis subtus fulvo- setosis, posticorum articulo basali quam apicalis vix longiori. [Long. 6, lat. 3|- lines. Much like A. uniformis, Blackb., but with very different elytral puncturation. The typical example appears to be a male; its 94 REVISION OF THE AUSTRALIAN AMARYGMIDES, front tibiae are somewhat arched and decidedly thickened near the apex ; its hind tibiae are rather strongly flexuous. Victoria ; Alpine district ; sent to me by Mr. French. A. :/EGER, sp.uov. Anguste elongatus ; sat parallelus ; modice nitidus ; niger, capite prothorace elytrisque (minus laete) versicoloribus, seneis certo adspectu viridi- et purpureo-tinctis (exemplorum plurimornm sutura obscure purpurea); capite crebre aequaliter sat subtiliter punctulato ; clypeo minus elongato, a f lonte sulco transverse lato profundo diviso supra antennarum basin pai'um reflexo ; oculis quara antennarum articuli basalis lonoitudine sat mao;is inter se remotis : sulcis ocuLiribus nuUis ; antennis quam corporis dimidium sat brevioribus, apicem versus vix incrassatis, articulo 3° quam 5"^ multo longiori, articulis apicalibus quam prsecedentes baud breviori- bus ; prothorace quam longiori fere duabus partibus (poitice quam antice plus quam tertia parte) latiori, crebre distincte punctulato, antice sinuatim emarginato, a basi antrorsum subarcuatim angustato, basi media sublobata, angulis anticis obtusis posticis subrectis ; elytris substiiatis, sat profunde nee erosse seriatim punctulatis, puncturis in seriebus (sat aequaliter) crebris, interstitiis planis subtiliter sat crel)re punctulatis ; prosterno medio sulcato ; corpore subtus vix; distincte punctulato ; femoribus anticis antice vix distincte punctulatis ; tarsis subtus fulvo-setosis, posticorum articulo liasali quaai ceteri conjuncti sublongiori. [Long. 4J-6, lat. 14-2^ lines. A narrow elongate species with elytral puncturation much resembling that of Clialcopterus variabilis, Blessig, the interval between the eyes very little less wide than in C. cuprijjenuis, the front tibiae of the male arched and having their apical portion moderately dilated. It is I think the commonest and most widely distributed spt-cies of the genus. The striation of the elytra is very indistinct, in some examples scarcely traceable. South Australia, Victoria, and N. S. Wales. BY THE REV. T. BLACKBURN. 95 A. SUAVIS, Sp.liOV. Elongato-ovalis ; nitidus ; niger, elytris versicoloribus (pur- piireis, viridi- cyaneo- et aureo-tinctis), antennarum apice tarsisque obscure testaceis ; antennis oculis et capite toto fere ut A. cnyri sed clypeo a fronte sutura iisitata diviso ; prothorace quam longiori tribiis partibus (postice quaiii antice duabus partibus) latiori, distincte vix crebre punctulato, antice siiiuatim emarginato, lateribus fere rectis, basi media sublobata, angulis anticis subprominulis posticis obtusis ; elytris seriatim piinctulatis, puncturis in seriebus sat magnis nee inter se sequalibus, interstitiis sat planis minus perspicue (nisi sub lente forti) punctulatis ; prosterno (exempli typici) medio planato ; metasterno medio et abdominis parte antica- raediana puncturis sparsis minus subtilibus impressis; femori- bus anticis antice vix manifesto punctulatis ; tarsis subtus fulvo-setosis, posticorum articulo basali quam ceteri conjuncti sabbreviori. [Long. 3-^, lat. 1^ lines. This species is not very close to any other that I have seen ; perhajjs it comes nearest to ^. cupido, Pasc, but differs from it by its darker autennse (with only the apical joints a little paler) and its colour, cupido (according to description and an example in my collection which I refer to it) being a much more beautifully coloured species with light blue iridescence, and (if my identifi- cation is correct) more finely punctured prothorax and elytra. In the present sj)ecies the prothoracic puncturation resembles that of Chalcopierus cupripennis but is a little closer, aud the seriate punctures of the elytra are of somewhat unequal size (the larger ones being distinctly larger than those of Chalcopierus variahilis^ Blessig) and not very close, — the intervals between puncture and puncture being in places not much less than the diameter of a puncture ; the largest punctures are near the front of the dorsal series. N. S. Wales ; taken near Sydney by Mr. Lea. 96 REVISION OF THE AUSTRALIAN AMARYGMIDES, A. RUFicoRNis, sp.nov. Elongato-ovalis ; nitidus ; niger, elytris versicoloribus (pur- pureis, cyaneo- et aureo-tinctis), antennis tarsisque testaceis ; antennis (colore excepto) ociilis et capite toto fere ut A. cegri sed clypeo a fronte sutura usitata diviso et capite inter oculos sat sparsim punctulato ; prothorace fere ut A. suavis sed minus transverso (quam longiori, et postice quam antice, duabus partibus latiori) et paullo magis subtiliter punctulatis ; elytris fere ut A. sicavis, sed puncturis seriatis magis subtili- bus (fere ut Chalcoj^teri variabilis, Blessig) ; corpore subtus et pedibus fere ut A. suavis sed metasterno et abdominis parte antica-mediana fortiter crebre punctulatis. [Long. 24-3, lat. If lines. The diminutive size of this insect distinguishes it from most of its congeners ; its most distinctive character however is the piinc- turation of its undersurface, which on the middle of the metaster- num and the basal segment of the abdomen is distinctly coaise and close. N. S. Wales ; taken in the Richmond R. district by Mr. Lea. A. PECTORALIS, sp.nov. Elongato-ovalis ; sat nitidus ; supra obscure cyaneus vel violaceus, subtus niger, pedibus piceo-nigris, tarsis paullo dilutioribus ; antennis oculis et capite toto fere ut A. cegri sed clypeo a fronte sulco minus profundo diviso ; prothorace quam longiori duplo (postice qnam antice fere duabus parti- bus) latiori, subtiliter sat crebre punctulato, antice sinuatim leviter emarginato, a basi antrorsum arcuatim angustato, basi media manifeste lobata, angulis obtu.sis (anticis fere subacuminatis) ; elytris seriatim punctulatis, puncturis in seriebus sat magnis nee inter se sequalibus (fere ut A. suavis), interstitiis sparsim subtilissime (vix manifeste) punctulatis ; prosterno medio sulcato ; metasterno toto grosse sparsim (episternis subtiliter exceptis) punctulato ; abdominis seg- mento basali grosse (ceteris subtiliter) punctulato ; femoribus BY THE REV. T. BLACKBURN. 97 anticis antice vix manifeste punctulatis ; tarsis subtus fulvo- setosis, posticorum articulo basali ceteris conjunctis longi- tudine sat sequali. [Long. 4f, lat. 2i lines. This species bears a good deal of resemblance to A. suavis but is considerably larger, with the prothorax and elytral interstices more finely punctured ; it differs from all its allies known to me in having the whole of its metasternum (except the episterna) sparsely pitted with coarse deep puncturation. N. S. Wales ; sent to me by Mr. Masters. A. Frenchi, sp.nov. Ovalis; sat nitidus ; supra laete versicolor (purpureo- cyaneo- et viridi-variegatus), corpore subtus nigro, antennis versus basin (exempli typici parte apicali carente) pedibusque obscure brunneo-piceis ; capite crebre sat subtiliter punctulato supra antennarum basin parum reflexo ; oculis quam antennarum articuli 2^ longitudine vix magis inter se remotis ; sulcis ocularibus nullis ; prothorace quam Jongiori duplo (postice quam antice fere duplo) latiori, crebre subtiliter punctulato, a basi antrorsum arcuatim angustato, antice emarginato, basi media sublobata, angulis obtusis ; elytris distincte subtiliter striatis, striis crebre subtilius seriatim punctulatis, interstitiis leviter convexis crebre subtiliter punctulatis ; prosterno sat lato in medio depresso ; metasterno sparsim subtiliter punc- tulato et oblique rugato; abdomine vix perspicue punctulato, sat fortiter longitudinaliter strigato; femoribus anticis antice vix manifeste punctulatis ; tarsis subtus fulvo-setosis. [Long. 5i lat. 24 lines. The unique type of this insect is unfortunately not in good con- dition, having lost its hind tarsi and part of its antennse, but it is so extremely distinct a species that I am reluctant to omit it from this memoir. It is the only Amarygmus known to me having elytra distinctly punctulate-striate in the ordinary sense of the term, the other striate species having their strise crenulate on the sides rather than distinctly punctured. In this species the striae though fine are well defined and become deeper towards the apex 98 REVISION OF THE AUSTRALIAN AMARYGMIDES, and are set with fine close punctures much like the seriate punc- tures of Chalcopterus ciipripennis but a little more crowded and more deeply impressed ; the interstices of the striie are distinctly convex esijecially near the apex. The anterior coxae are more widely separated and the eyes much more contiguous than in most Amarygmi. In general appearance this insect is much more like a Chalco'pterus than an Amarygmus. Victoria ; presented to me by Mr. French. A. POROSUS, sp.nov. Ovalis; minus angustus; subnitidus ; niger, elytris obscure viridibus, antennis tarsisque rufo-piceis ; capite antice crebre subtiliter postice minus distincte punctulato supra anten- narum basin leviter reflexo; oculis quam antennarum articuli basalis longitudine paullo minus inter se remotis ; sulcis ocularibus hand plane carentibus ; antennis quam corporis dimidiiini vix brevioribus, apicem versus leviter incrassatis, articulo 3° quam 4"^ 5"^que conjuncti vix breviori, articulis apicalibus quam prsecedentes vix brevioribus ; prothorace quam longiori (et postice quam antice) duplo latiori, distincte sat crebre punctulato, antice sinuatim emarginato, a basi antrorsum arcuatim angustato, basi media sublobata, angulis anticis subacutis posticis fere rectis ; elytris seriatim foveo- latis, interstitiis planis subtiliter punctulatis ; prosterno medio sulcato ; corpore subtus vix manifeste punctulato, abdomine subreticulatim strigato ; femoribus anticis antice sparsim vix perspicue punctulatis; tarsis subtus fulvo-setosis, posticorum articulo basali quam ceteri conjuncti paullo breviori. [Loiig- 5|-, lat. 3i lines. 'Ihis species is allied to A. torridus, Pasc, A. tardus, Blackb., ifec, in respect of its sculpture but is a much narrower insect than either of those two; it ditTers from A. tardus also in the seriate foveas of the elytra not being coloured differently from the general surface. The fovese of the series are somewhat uniform in size, but those in the middle part of the series near the lateral margins are a little larger than the rest. In a series (say the 4th from BY THE REV. T. BLACKBURN. 99 the suture exclusive of the short scutellar series) there are about twenty foveje between the base and the part of the elytra where the middle series cease or become mixed with other series ; the intervals between fovea and fovea in the series are much less than the diameter of the foveas and the interstices between the series are about as wide as the diameter of a fovea. The sculp- ture of the elytra is much like that of Chalcoiyterus catenulatits, Blackb. J^ . Queensland ; sent by C. French, Esq. A. STOLiDUS, sp.nov. Ovalis ) nitidus ; niger, corpore subtus rufescenti, antennis pedibusque rufo-testaceis ; antennis (colore excepto) oculis et capite toto fere ut A. mgri sed clypeo a f route sutura minus sulciformi diviso, oculis pauUo magis remotis, anten- narum articulo 3° pauUo minus elongato, prothorace (colore nitoreque exceptis) fere ut A. cegri sed paullo (nee multo) magis transverso, angulis anticis paullo minus posticis paullo magis obtusis ; elytris subgrosse seriatim punctulatis, punc- turis in seriebus irregulariter (hie magis, illic minus, crebre) dispositis ; iuterstitiis subtilissime punctulatis inaequaliter convexis ; prosterno medio leviter convexo ; corpore subtus subtilissim.e punctulato; femoribus anticis antice subtilissime punctulatis; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam ceteri conjuncti sublongiori. [Long. 31 lat. If lines. A very nitid species of black colour, with the legs and antenna? clear rufous and the undersurface a little inclining to a reddish tone. The elytra have an uneven appearance owing to the punc- tures in the series (which are evidently larger than those of A. CBger and considerably less coarse than those of A. porosus) being less closely placed in some than in other parts, and the interstices being here and there very evidently convex. There is no real striation, although in places the convexity of the interstices gives a slight appearance of it. The front tibiie in the male are strongly arched and strongly dilated at the apex. N. S. Wales ; Sydney ; Mr. Lea, &c. 100 REVISION OF THE AUSTRALIAN AMARYGMIDES, A. LILLIPUTANUS, Sp.nOV. Ovalis ; nitidus ; niger, cori)ore subtus rufescenti, antennis pedibusque rufo-testaceis ; capite crebre aequaliter sat sub- tiliter punctulato supra antennarum basin parum reflexo ; oculis quam antennarum articuli basalis longitudine vix magis inter se remotis ; sulcis ocularibus null is; antennis quam corporis dimidium sat brevioribus, apicem versus mani- feste incrassatis, articulo 3° quam 5"^ multo longiori ; pro- tborace quam longiori duplo (postice quam antice duabiis partibus) latiori, crebre subtiliter punctulato, antice sinuatim fere truncato, a basi antrorsum arcuatim angustato, basi media sublobata, angulis obtusis ; elytris sat subtiliter seria- tim punctulatis, puncturis in seriebus vix crebre positis, interstitiis planis perspicue punctulatis ; prosterno medio subplanato ; abdomine subfortiter nee crebre punctulato ; femoribus anticis antice vix perspicue punctulatis ; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali ceteris conjunctis longitudine sequali. [Long. 2, lat. 1 line. Its very small size separates this species from all previously described except A. minutus, Pasc, the elytra of which are said to be strongly striate-punctate, those of the present insect not being distinctly striate at all. It is a good deal like A, stolidus in general appearance, but differs inter alia in its eyes being much less widely separated from each other, the much finer punctures of its elytral series, and the comparatively strong and sparse puncturation of its abdomen. The last of these characters distinguishes it from nearly all its congeners. The specimens I have seen appear to be females ; probably the male has its front tibise arched and at the apex dilated. Queensland ; Wide Bay ; sent by Mr. Masters. A. RUTILIPES. sp.nov. Ovalis ; sat elongatus ; modice nitidus ; corpore subtus capite prothoraceque plus minus rufescentibus, elytris piceo-nigris, antennis pedibusque testaceo-rufis ; capite prothoraceque BY THE REV. T. BLACKBURN. 101 crebre sat fortiter punctulatis; illo supra antennarum basin niodice reflexo; oculis quam antennarum articuli basal is longitucline paullo magis inter se remotis ; sulcis ocularibus nuUis; antennis quam corporis dimidium vix longioribus, apicem versus baud incrassatis, articulo 3° quam 5"'^ mauifeste longiori ; prothorace quam longiori (et postice quam antice) fere duplo latiori, antice sinuatim leviter emarginato, a basi antrorsum arcuatim angustato, basi media manifeste lobata, angulis d^nticis acutis posticis obtusis; elytris fortiter punctulato-striatis, interstitiis sat convexis manifeste punctu- latis ; prosterno medio antice concavo ; metasterno medio manifeste nee crebre nee fortiter, abdomine antice magis fortiter magis crebre, punctulatis : femoribus anticis antice manifeste punctulatis; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam ceteri conjuncti paullo breviori. [Long. 3, lat. 14 lines. This species seems to be near A. minutus, Pasc, which however is described as much smaller (long. 2\ lines) and as having its prothorax "finely" punctured ; the prothoraxof the present insect is more strongly sculptured than in almost any other Amarygmus that I have seen. A. QUEENSLANDICUS, Sp.nov. Ovalis ; supra minus, subtus magis, nitidus ; niger, elytris obscure cyaneis, tarsis rufis ; capite sat crebre sat subtiliter punctulato, supra antennarum basin modice reflexo ; oculis quam antennarum articuli basalis longitudine vix magis inter se remotis ; sulcis ocularibus nullis ; antennis quam corporis dimidium haud multo brevioribus, apicem versus parum incrassatis, articulo 3° quam 5*^^ multo longiori ; prothorace quam longiori tribus partibus (postice quam antice circiter duabus partibus) latiori, perspicue sat crebre punctulato, antice emarginato, a basi antrorsum arcuatim angustato, basi media sublobata, angulis bene determinatis obtusis (anticis subacuminatis) ; elytris fortiter striatis, striis punctulatis (vel potius lateraliter crenulatis), interstitiis sat convexis (postice 102 REVISION OP THE AUSTRALIAN AMARYGMIDES, subcarinuliforniibus) vix manifeste punctulatis; prosierno medio sulcato ; corpore subtus vix perspicue punctulato : femoribns anticis antice subtiliter punctulatis ; tarsoruni posticorum articulo basali ceteris conjunctis longitudine seqnali. [Long. 3|, lat. 14 lines. Extremely like A. striatus, Macl., but differing from it by its smaller size, the dark blue colour of its elytra, its narrower form, slightly narrower interval between the eyes, more distinct punctu- ration of the prothorax, greater convexity of the elytral interstices behind, and decidedly more nitid appearance, especially on the undersurface which is quite brightly polished. N. Queensland ; sent by C. French, Esq. A. PiNGUis, sp.nov. A. queenslandico valde affinis ; sat breviter ovalis (corporis dimidio quam antennae sat breviori) ; oculis quam antennarum articuli basalis longitudine sat multo magis inter se remotis ; elytrorum inter strias interstitiis postice fortiter sat anguste convexis (sat fortiter carinatis) ; cetera ut A. queenslandici. [Long. 24, lat. If lines. This species is another close ally of A. striatus, Macl., and still closer of ^. queenslandicus. It is, however, clearly distinct from both, being much smaller, with outline nearer that of striatus but with the sides decidedly more rounded. In A. striatus the elytral interstices are of almost even convexity throughout (only narrow- ing somewhat near the apex), but in A. pingnis their convexity becomes greater hindward so that in front they are gently convex and somewhat wide, and behind change into a keel-like and much narrower form. N, Queensland ; Endeavour R. ; sent by Mr. Masters. A. PERPLEXUS, sp.nov. A. queenslandico valde affinis ; sat breviter ovalis (corporis dimidio antennis longitudine sat aequali) ; elytris nigris ; sulcis ocularibus sat manifestis ; prothoracis lateribus magis rotundatis ; elytrorum interstitiis minus convexis. [Long. 3, lat. 14 lines. BY THE REV. T. BLACKBURX. 103 Another member of the group of A. sti'iatus^ Macl., [consisting of species distinguished by the elytra having very strong strise which are only feebly punctured, or rather laterally crenulate (the Granulations obsolete near the apex)]. It is very much smaller than st7'iatus, and smaller and of much more widely oval form than queenslandicus. From pinguis it differs by the interstices of its elytra being much less convex, and from diaperioides, Blackb., (P.L.S.N.S.W. 1888, p. 1435), by the interstices not being punc- tulate. From all the aboveraentioned species it differs by the presence of distinctly traceable ocular sulci. N. Territory of S. Australia ; sent by G. Masters, Esq. A. RiMOSUS, sp.nov. Elongatus ; sat parallelus, sat nitidus ; niger, elytris orichalceis purpureo-foveatis, antennis pedibusque rufis ; capite sat sub- tiliter nee crebre punctulato, supra antennarum basin parum reflexo ; oculis quam antennarum articuli basalis longitudine magis inter se remotis ; sulcis ocularibus profundis, ante oculos positis ; antennis quam corporis dimidium multo brevioribus apicem versus sat fortiter incrassatis, articulo 3° quam 5"^ multo longiori ; prothorace minus convexo, quam longiori fere duplo (postice quam antice duabus partibus) latiori, crebre subfortiter punctulato, antice leviter sinuatim emarginato, a basi antrorsum subarcuatim angustato, basi media sat anguste sublobata,angulis bene deterrainatis; elytris seriatim foveolatis, foveolis insequalibus (nonnullis elongato- sulciformibus), interstitiis planis sparsim subtiliter punctu- latis ; prosterno medio antice carinato ; metasterno et abdomine antice in medio sat fortiter punctulatis ; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam ceteri conjuncti paullo breviori. [Long. 5-5J, lat. 2J-2| lines. This very distinct and remarkably fine species may be at once distinguished from all its congeners by the unusual sculpture of its elytra, many of the seriate punctures taking the form of long deep sulci. It is allied to A. variolaris, Pasc. 104 REVISION OF THE AUSTRALIAN AMARYGMIDES, N. S. Wales ; Richmond R. district ; sent by Mr. Masters and Mr. Lea. A. LINDENSIS, Sp.nOV. Elongato-ovalis ; nitidus ; rufo-piceus, prothorace nigro, elytris obscure viridibus seriatim purpureo-foveolatis ; capite toto (exempli typici) in prothorace abdito ; antennis ut A. rimosi sed minus robustis et apicem versus minus incrassatis ; pro- thorace ut A. rimosi sed magis convexo ; elytris seriatim sub- foveolatis, foveolis rotundatis insequalibus, interstitiis planis crebre subtiliter punctulatis ; prosterno medio sulcato ; metasterno toto (epipleuris inclusis) sparsim subfortiter punctulato ; abdomine vix manifesto punctulato ; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam ceteri conjuncti vix breviori. [Long. 3^, lat. 14 lines. This is another ally of A. variolaris, Pasc, differing from it inter alia by the seriate punctures on its elytra being distinctly smaller, much more numerous and placed in perfectly regular longitudinal series, also by its much more nitid and differently coloured upper surface. The seriate punctures on the elytra are scarcely large enough to be called fovece ; they are of about the same size as those of A. stoUdus^ Blackb. The sculpture of the metasternum distinguishes this species from all its described allies. S. Australia ; near Port Lincoln. A. RUGATICOLLIS, sp.nOV. Oblongo-ovalis ; subopacus ; niger, antennis tarsisque rufo- piceis; capite crebre subaspere punctulato supra antennarum basin modice reflexo ; oculis quam antennarum articuli basalis longitudine vix magis inter se remotis ; sulcis oculari- bus nullis ; antennis quam corporis dimidium paullo longiori- bus, apicem versus vix incrassatis, articulo 3° quam 5"^ sat longiori ; prothorace quam longiori (et postice quam antice) fere duplo latiori, longitudinaliter confertim subfortiter rugato, antice sinuatim emarginato, ad latera sat rotundato, BY THE REV. T. BLACKBURN. 105 basi media distincte lobata, aiigulis anticis acutis subproductis posticis obtusis bene determinatis ; elytris sat fortiter punc- tulato-striatis, interstitiis leviter convexis obsolete punctulatis; prosterno medio late concavo ; corpore subtus vix perspicue piinctulato, leviter rugato ; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali ceteris conjunctis subsequali. [Long. 3, lat. 1-^ lines. Tins species may be at once distinguished from its congeners known to me by the very conspicuous and remarkable sculpture of its prothorax, consisting of close strong more or less longi- tudinal wrinkles or striae. It has been sent to me on what I cannot but admit to be valuable authority as A. tnaurulus, Pasc. I cannot however think it can be that insect seeing that Mr. Pascoe calls its prothorax " impunctate " and says nothing about any strigse on that segment. I have seen many specimens of this species, all quite identical. N. S. Wales ; apparently widely distributed. The following are the species of Amarygmus described since the publication of Mr. Masters' Catalogue of Coleoptera and before the date of this revision. A. DiAPERioiDES, Blackb., P.L.S.N.S.W. 1888, p. 1435. A. TARDUS, Blackb., loc. cit. 1889, p. 1271. A. UNiFORMis, Blackb., loc. cit. 1889, p. 1272. N.B. — The insect of which the following is a description has been received while this memoir was in the press, and therefore can be noticed only as an addendum. A. Tasmanicus (? var. imiformis, Blackb.). A. uniformi, Blackb., valde affinis ; differ fc magnitudine majori, colore obscure viridi (nullo modo aeneo). Long. 7, lat. 34 lines. This is an extremely puzzling species owing to its great resemblance to A. uniformis (from N. Queensland). A careful comparison with the type of the latter has failed to reveal any very satisfactory character to distinguish it; nevertheless, its 106 REVISION OF THE AUSTRALIAN AMARYGMIDES. considerably greater size and very different colour, together with the great distance from Queensland of its habitat, point to the- probability that the study of more examples might prove it to be distinct. In any case it seems well to give it a name. I may add that I have seen a good many examples of A. uniformis from Queensland, and that they show no tendency to variation. Clarke Island, Tasmania ; sent by C. French, Esq. \ 107 SYNONYMY OF AND REMARKS ON OLD-DESCRIBEI> AUSTRALIAN MOLLUSCA, WITH NOTES ON THEIR DISTRIBUTION. By John Brazier, F.L.S., C.M.Z.S., &c. In the year 1854 Mr. William Swainson, in the Proceedings of the Royal Society of Van Diemen's Land (Vol. iii. p. 38, pi. vi. tigs. 1, 2), defined and described a new genus and species of TrochidcE^ discovered by Dr. Milligan on the east coast of that island ; he defined the genus as Asfele, and he says that on a cursory glance it has every appearance of belonging to the beauti- ful genus Calliostoma (Treatise on Malacology, p. 351, 1840). The genus may thus be defined from its shell : — AsTELE, Swainson, 1854. " Animal unknown. Shell perlaceous ; pyramidical or trochi- form ; unarmed, body whorl beneath convex. Columella none. Umbilicus large, closed only by the terminal whorl of the spire. Aperture broader than high, the margin of both lips thin." AsTELE SUBCARINATA, Swainson, 1854. " Shell broader than high ; whorls above scarcely convex ; marked by 6-7 elevated, smooth, convex striae, which leave a flattened margined rim at the top of each whorl ; body whorl beneath marked with concentric grooves, which are decussated near the umbilicus." "Colour pale fawn, or Isabella, clouded with faint transverse waves of rufous." " Margin of the body whorl slightly carinated ; there is a depres- sion between the margin and the second elevated striae on the upper surface, the first, or that next the margin, being very slender. The striae beneath assume the appearance of grooves, which are wider apart as they approach the umbilicus ; and the 108 REMARKS ON OLD-DESCRIBED AUSTRALIAN MOLLUSCA, three more immediately adjoining are crossed by transverse striae, which produces a granulated appearance somewhat similar to that of Solarium pe)'spectiv?i7n." " There are no longitudinal strise, however slight, on the surface. The umbilicus is pure white, and the inner surface of the aperture reflects the striae on the upper surface." Nine years after its description by Swainson, Mr. Arthur Adams comes to the front w^ith another new generic and specific name in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1 863, p. 506, as Eutrochus, with the specific name of persj^ectivus. EuTROCHUS, A. Adams, 1863. ''Testa trochiformis, tenuis, perspective umbilicata ; anfractihus jjkinis, transversim liratis. Apertura suhquadrata, intus margari- tacea, lahio rectiusculo, margine acuto, subrejlexo, aritice in dentein ohtusum desinente." " A form of Trochidce most nearly resembling a Ziziphinus, with a perspective umbilicus similar to that of Architectonica." Eutrochus perspectivus, A. Adams, 1863. " E. testa depresso-conoidea, late et profunde umbilicata, pallide carnicolore, fulvo sparsim maculata et flammulis fulvicantibus picta ; anfractibus 7, planis, transversim valde liratis, liris inaequa- libus subdistantibus, ad suturas angulatis, anfractu ultimo ad periomphalum granuloso ; apertura intus sulcata." "Alt. lin., lat. IJin. "The shell is broader than high, rather thin, and of a pale yellowish flesh-colour, with fulvous blotches and flam mules. The whorls are transversely ridged and angulate at the sutures, and the interior of the umbilicus is white. Mr. Cuming possesses but a single specimen from Tasmania." Type in British Museum. My esteemed friend Mr. H. A. Pilsbry could never have seen the Proc. Royal Soc. Van Diemen's Land, 1854, Vol. iii. ; for if he had I am quite sure he would have given Swainson's genus and species credit, and not A. Adams' Eutrochits. The only mention of Swainson's umhilicated species of Trochus is by Mr. BY JOHN BRAZIER. 109 Pilsbry in Tryon's Manual of Conchology, Vol. x. p. 231, 1888 ; but then he is ouly quoting from Tenison- Woods (Proc. Royal Soc. Tasmania, p. 39, 1877). There is no mention whatever of Astele in Tryon, (Trochidce, Vol. xi. 1889, by Mr. H. A. Pilsbry), the latest work out on the subject. Pilsbry changes A. Adams' specific name from 2}erspectivus to Adamsi, the former name being used by Koch also for an^s^e^e = Eutrochus ; he also says — "I hesitate to change the name of this the typical species of Eutrochus^ but it is preoccupied by an undoubtedly congeneric species described years before." I like to give honour to whom honour is due, and that is to Swainson ; the synonymy will stand as below : — 1. Astele subcarinata, Swainson, sp. 1854. Astele subcarinata, Swainson, Proc. Roy. Soc. of Van Diemen's Land,* Vol. iii. p. 36, pi. 6, figs. 1-2. 1863. Eutrochus perspectivus, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 506. 1877. Astele suhcarinatuSy Tenison-Woods, Proc. Roy. Soc. Tas- mania, p. 39. 1889. Calliostoma (Eutrochus) Adamsi, Pilsbry in Tryon's Manual of Conchology, Vol. xi. p. 402. Hah. — East coast of Tasmania (Dr. Milligan) ; Tasmania (Cuming) ; Circular Head, North coast of Tasmania (Brazier) ; Rocky Cape, near Circular Head (Miss Mary Lodder) ; Port Sorell, North coast of Tasmania (Mrs. Dumhelton). Of this very rare shell I know of only two specimens in this country, one in the collection of Dr. J. C. Cox and one that has been in my own this past thirty years. Tenison-Woods remarks that only very few specimens have ever been found. * Name of Van Diemen's Land altered to Tasmania on Address of Legis- lative Council, 1854 110 REMARKS ON OLD-DESCRIBED AUSTRALIAN MOLLUSCA, The measurements of the specimen I now figure are : greatest height 34 ; least, 28 ; greatest breadth, 47 ; least, 40 ; aperture wide, 17 ; height, 12 millimetres. (C. H. del.) The other species of Australian Astele are scitula, A. Adams, originally described as coQiing from New Zealand on the authority of Cuming ; the original specimens were, however, collected by the late Mr. Fred. Strange in Port Jackson : Astele muUigrana, Danker, from St. Vincent's Gulf, South Australia ; Astele sub- granulata, Dunker, Bass Straits ; and Astele Lessonceana, Tap- parone-Canefri, New Zealand (Mus. of Turin). 2. TuRBo Gruneri, Philippi, sp. 1846. Turbo Gruneri, Philippi, Zeitschrift fiir Malakozoologie, p. 98, No. 6 ; Philippi in Martini and Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. 2nd edition, p. 52, pi. 12, fig. 7. 1848. Turbo circularise Reeve, Conch. Icon. Vol. iv. pi. 10, sp. 46. 1854. Senectus circularise Reeve ; H. and A. Adams, Recent Mollusca, Vol. i. p. 392. 1865. Senectus circularis, Reeve ; Angas, Marine MoUuscan Fauna of the Province of South Australia, Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 177. 1873. Turbo circularis, Reeve ; Fischer in Kiener, Coq. Vivantos, p. 99, pi. 42, fig. 1. 1873. Turbo (Senectus) circularis, Reeve ; Paetel, Catalog der Conch. -Sammlung. p. 71. BY JOHN BRAZIER. HI 1877. Turbo (SenectusJcircularis,'Ree\e; Tenison-Woods, Papers and Proc. Royal Soc. Tasmania, p. 38. 1885. Turbo circularis, Reeve; Sowerby, Thes. Conch. Vol. v. p. 203, sp. 42, pi. 4 ; Thes. pi. 496, fig. 37. 1886. Turbo Gnmeri, Philippi ; Brazier, Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, Vol. ix. p. 125. 1888. Turbo circularis, Reeve; Pilsbry in Tryon's Manual of Oonchology, Vol. x. p. 214, pi. 41, fig. 24. Hab. — Adelaide, New Holland (Gruner, Philippi); " " .? (Reeve); St. Vincent's Gulf, South Australia (G. F. Angas) ; Holdfast Bay (W. T. Bednall, Tale); King's Island, Bass Strait (Tenison-Woods) ; Swan River, Australia (Sowerby). I pointed out in the Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia in 1886 that Turbo Grtmeri, Philippi, had two years' priority over Reeve's Turbo circularis ; but in 1888 Mr. Pilsbiy in Tryon's Manual informs the conchological world that there is some uncertainty about which of the above names has priority for this s})ecies. " The volume of the Conchylien Cabinet in which Philippi's description occurs bears date 1846 ; but it was not completed until after the publication of Reeve's monograph of Turbo in the Iconica. Philippi begins to cite Reeve in his synonymy on p. 69 of his work, so that from that point onward we may be certain that his work appeared subsequent to Reeve's, but whether his descrij)tion of T. Gruneri (p. 52 of the Conch. Cab.) was actually published before Reeve's description I am unable to decide. Brazier (Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Australia, ix. p. 125) gives priority to Gruneri, 'Philippi in Zeitschrift fiir Malak., p. 98.' The species was never published in the Zeit- schrift." It seems very strange that Mr. Pilsbry should make the above charge, when he quotes Turbo lamellosus, Philippi, in his index to Tarbo (Vol. x. of Tryon's Manual), that species being described in the Zeitschrift fiir Malakozoologie, p. 98, No. 7, 1846, just under Turbo Grvneri, Philippi. I may mention that Turbo lamellosus, Phili|>pi, is not the Turbo lamellosus, Broderip, which is the Ticrbo stamineus, Martyn. L 112 REMARKS ON OLD-DESCRIBED AUSTRALIAN MOLLUSCA, Pliilippi changed his name to Turho foliaceus in the Conch Cab. 2nd edition, p. 41, pi. 11, figs. 1-2, 1846, (not figures 2 and 3 as quoted in Tryon). 3. Turbo (Marmorostoma) undulatus, Martyn. 1784. Limax undulatus^ Martyn, Universal Conchologist, Vol. i. fig. 29. 1786. Limax unguis, Martyn, Universal Conchologist, Vol. ii. fig. 70. 1788. Turbo undulatus, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. Vol. x. pp. 294- 296, pi. 169, figs. 1640, 1641. 1846. Turho anguis, Martyn; Philippi in Conch. Cab. p. 70, No. 34. 1848. Turho undulatus, Chemnitz; Eeeve, Conch. Icon. Vol. iv. pi. 1, fig. 3, a, b. 1867. Lunella undulata, Chemnitz; Angas, List of Marine IMol- lusca found in Port Jackson Harbour, Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 213, No. 171. 1888. Turho undulatus, Martyn; Pilsbry in Tryon's Manual of Conchology, Vol. x. p. 216, pi. 42, fig. 40. 1888. Turho anguis, Martyn ; Pilsbry in Tryon's Manual of Conchology, Vol. x. Index, p. 21 2, = Turho por2yhyrites, Martyn. Hah. — New Holland, New South Wales (Martyn) ; Port Jack- son, Newcastle, Port Stephens, Bellinger River, and the whole south coast of New South Wales ; Tasmania ; Victoria ; South Australia. When this species was first figured by Martyn, the large speci- mens he called Limax undulatus, from their peculiar undulating markings. The small specimens from New South Wales he called Limax anguis. This small variety is the most common form found at Botany Bay, where, no doubt. Banks and Solander collected the specimen figured by Martyn ; it is also the common form found in Port Jackson near the Heads. Philippi in the Conch. Cab. calls this small form, variety sulcata of undulatus. BY JOHN BRAZIER. 113 It is evidently an oversight on the part of Mr. Pilsbry when he makes unguis, Martjn, = T. j)orphy rites, Martyn ; he might just as well say that T. undulatus, Martyn, = T. i^orphyi^ites ; but the specific differences are very widely distinct,, and the species is not found in New Zealand as he quotes it. " Dr. Solander in the Catalogue of the Portland Museum, 1784 : No. 408 — A large and fine Turho undulatus from New Holland, extremely scarce ; No. 3828 — A large and very fine Turbo undu- latus, or waved Emerald Turbo, extremely scarce, from Van Diemen's Land, New Holland." 4. MuREX (Chicoreus) australis, Quoy and Gaimard. 1811. Triplex ponderosa, Perry, Conchology, or the Natural His- tory of Shells, pi. 6, fig. 1. 1832. Murex australis, Quoy et Gaimard, Voyage de "I'Astro- labe," Tome ii. p. 536. 1840. Murex palmiferus, Sowerby, Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 142 ; Con- chological Illustrations, species 43, fig. 104. 1845. Murex palmiferus, Reeve, Conch. Icon. Vol. iii. pi. 4, fig. 20. 1858. Murex (Chicoreus) palmiferus, H. and A. Adams, Genera of Recent MoUusca, Vol. i. part 3, p. 72. 1867. Murex (Chicoreus) palmiferus, Angas, Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 186, No. 6. 1875. Murex (Chichoreus) palmiferus, Tapparone-Canefri, Muri- cidi del Mar Rosso, Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Vol. vii. p. 580. 1876. Murex p)almiferus, Kobelt, Die Muriciden des rothen Meeres, Jahrb. d. deutsch. Malak. Gesellsch. Bd. iii. p. 42, No. 14. 1877. Murex (Chicoreiis) palmiferus, Kobelt, Catalog der Gattung Murex in Jahrb. d. deutsch. Malak. Gesellsch. Bd. iv. p. 150, No. 55. 8 114 REMARKS ON OLD-DESCRIBED AUSTRALIAN MOLLUSCA, 1879. Murex j^ct^mi/er^is, Sowerby, Thes, Conch. Vol. iv. p. 18, No. 84, pi. 4, Murex, fig. 41. 1880. Murex (Tribulus) australis, Tryon, Manual of Conchology, Vol. ii. p. 83. 1880. Murex (Chicoreus) jyahniferus^ Tryon, Manual of Concho- logy, Vol. ii. p. 90, pi. 14, fig. 146 ; Tappaione-Canefri, La Fauna Malacologique d. I'ile Maurice, Annales de la Societe Malacologique de Belgique, Tome xv. (Deuxieme Serie, Tome v.), p. 10. 1882. Murex (Chicoreus) australis, Poirier, Revision des Murex du Museum, Nouvelles Archives du Museum D'Histoire Naturelle, Deuxieme Serie, Tome v. p. 32, No. 4. 1886. Murex (Chicoreus) 'palmiferus, Watson, Report on the Gasteropoda, Voyage of H.M.S. " Challenger," Zoology, Vol. XV. p. 155. 1889. Murex palmiferus, Sowerby ; Whitelegge, List of the Marine and Fresh- Water Invertebrate Fauna of Port Jackson and Neighbourhood, Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales, Vol. xxiii. p. 246, No. 208. Hah. — Port Western, New Holland (Quoy et Gaimard, 1829) ; Sydney (Dutailly) ; New Holland (M. J. Verreaux, 1846); New Caledonia (M. Deshayes, 1879) ; Red Sea (S'oiverhy, 1840) ; North Australia (Reeve, 1845); between Ball's Head and Goat Island, 18 fathoms, bottom broken shells, stones, and gravel ; Point Piper, Middle Harbour, Watson's Bay, under stones at low water, spring tides ; Cape Solander, South Head, and Cape Banks, North Head, of Botany Bay ; South Head of Crookhaven River, Shoal, haven, found under stones low water, springs ; Montague Roads- Jervis Bay, near the rocks in 5 fathoms ; Nelson Head and Bay, Port Stephens, New South Wales, under stones low water, spring tides (J. Brazier, 1854, 1893) ; Woolloomooloo Bay (G. F. Angas); Neutral Bay, Port Jackson (T. Whitelegge) ; Yeppoon, Keppell Bay, Queensland (George L. Pilcher, 1887) ; Largs Bay, South Australia (Arnold U. Henn, 1891). BY JOHN BRAZIER. 115 I have not seen this species further south of Sydney than Jervis Bay, where I dredged specimens on October 31, 1874. The speci- mens said to be obtained by Quoy and Gaimard at Port Western, New Holland (now Victoria), may have been dredged by them. I had not seen any species like it from Southern Australia until quite recently, when two specimens were obtained from shell debris by my friend Mr. Arnold U. Henn at Largs Bay, South Australia, in November, 1891. I quote Mons. M. J. Poirier, from the Nouvelles Archives du Museum D'Histoire Naturelle, p. 65: — "This species, of Quoy and Gaimard, misunderstood by all authors, has nearly the same geographical range as M. corrugatus, Sowerby, with which, besides, it has many analogies. It has been remarked on the northern coasts of Australia and in the Red Sea. It is represented by twelve individuals coming from Port Western (the types of Quoy and Gaimard, 1829), from Sydney (Coll. Dutailly), from New Holland (M. J. Yerreaux, 1846), and from New Caledonia (M. Deshayes, 1874). The M. australis, Quoy and G., not figured in the atlas of the Voyage of the * Astrolabe,' has been lost in forgetfulness by the various writers who have dealt with the genus Murex. Tryon alone admits it, but without recognising its affinities, and he places it among the group of Tribulus. An examination of the types preserved in the collection of the Museum"^ has shown me that this species is no other than that described by Sowerby under the name of M. palmiferus. This denomination being the latest ought then to pass into the syn- onymy." The Rev. Boog Watson, in his Report on the Gasteropoda of H.M.S. " Challenger," Zoology, Vol. xv. p. 155, appears to have followed Mr. Tryon in lumping M. pahni/erus, Sowerby, = aus- tralis, Quoy and G., with three distinct and well-known species, namely, Murex corrugatus, Sowerby, Murex midtifrondosuSy Sowerby, and Murex dilecius, A. Adams. The word Chicoreus is spelt in three different ways by three authors, namely Chicoreus^ Montfort, 1810 ; Chichoreus, Tap- parone-Canefri, 1874 ; Cichoreus^ E. v. Martens, 1880. * Museum of the Jardin des Plantes, Paris. 116 REMARKS ON OLD-DESCRIBED AUSTRALIAN MOLLUSCA, 5. MuREX (Phyllonotus) umbilicatus, Teiiison-Woods. 1853. Mitrex scalaris, A. Adams (non Brocchi), Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 71. 1865. Murex scalaris, Angas (non Brocchi), Marine Molluscan Fauna of South Australia, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 157, No. 5. 1875. Trophon umhilicatuSy Tenison- Woods, Papers and Proceed- ings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, p. 135, 1875, 1876. 1876. Murex (Muricidea) scalaris, Brazier (non Brocchi), "Che vert " Expedition, Shells, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, VoL i. p. 172, No. 13, 1875, 1877. 1877. Tro2?hon umhilicaius, Tenison- Woods, Census, with brief descriptions of the Marine Shells of Tasmania and the adjacent islands ; Papers and Proceedings of the Boyal Society of Tasmania, p. 26, 1877, 1878. 1877. Murex (Ocinehra) scalaris, Kobelt (non Brocchi}, Jahrb. d. deutsch. Malak. Gesellsch. Bd. iv. p. 248, No. 227. 1880. Murex (Phyllonotus) Aoigasi, Tryon (non Crosse), Manual of Conchology, Vol. ii. p. 109. 1884. Murex (Phyllonotus) octogonus, Bednall (non Quoy and Gaimard), Transactions and Proceedings and Reports of the Royal Society of South Australia, Vol. viii. p. 64, 1884, 1885 (issued May, 1886). Hah. — Moreton Bay, Queensland (Mr. F. Strange) ; St. Vin- cent's Gulf, South Australia, "dredged along with horny zoophytes and nullipores at a depth of seven or eight fathoms" (Angas, Tate, Bednall); Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, sandy bottom (J. Brazier, "Chevert" Expedition, 1875); Barran Island, Bass' Strait (Mr. W. Legrand, 1873) ; Giles' Point, near Coobowie, St. Vincent's Gulf, off the rocks below low water mark (Afr. E. U. Matthews, 1891); Trowbridge Island, St. Vincent's Gulf, off the beach, also dredged in life from 4 to 10 fathoms ; fair i BY JOHN BRAZIER. 117 specimens from Hardwicke Bay, Spencer's Gulf (Mr. E. 11. Mattheivs, 1892) ; east coast of Tasmania (Mr. W. Legrand) ; north coast of Tasmania from Port Sorell to a few miles west of the River Leven, specimens generally very much beach-worn (Miss Mary Ladder, 1892). Some years ago I sent home a specimen of this shell that I had received from Mr. Bednall to my respected friend Mr. Henry Adams to know if it was identical with his brother's species Murex scalaris. I had already made it out as such from the description given in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society* of London, 1853, p. 71. He duly returned the specimen and stated that it was " identical with the Murex scalaris, A. Adams (not of Brocchi), in Museum Cuming ; the Murex scalaris of my brother requires a new name, and if you are working up the genus at any time pray give it a new name." In 1873 Mr. W. Legrand sent me a beach- worn specimen with the liree worn off, and on that account I laid it aside and did not take any further notice of it ; and on my leaving Sydney for New Guinea in 1875 the Rev. J. E. Tenison- Woods described it in a paper read before the Royal Society of Tasmania, November, 1875, from specimens collected by Mr. Legrand. There is not the slightest connection between Murex octogonus, Quoy and G., and Murex umhilicatus, Tenison-Woods ; the former is a large shell with very fine lira3 between the longitudinal lirate ribs, the latter is a much thicker and smaller shell with a large umbilicus mar- gined with rounded imbricated scales. Swainson in 1835 defined a subgenus of the Muricidse under the name of Centronotus, but he re-named it Phyllonotus and Muricanthus (1840) ; the former name Centronotus had been previously given to a genus of fishes in 1801 by Bloch, Schn. ; Lacepede, 1802. 6. Murex (Ocinebra) Brazieri, Angas. 1877. Murex Brazieri, Angas, Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 171, pi. 26, fig. 3; p. 179, No. 12. 118 REMARKS ON OLD-DESCRIBED AUSTRALIAN MOLLUSCA, 1879. Murex Brazieri, Sowerbj, Thes. Conch. Vol. iv. p. 42, species 200, Murex, pi. 33, fig. 226 (enlarged). 1880. Murex (Ocinehra) Brazieri, Tryon, Manual of Concholog}", Vol. iL p. 132, pi. 30, fig. 289 (very bad). 1882. Murex (Muricidea) Brazieri^ Poirier, Revision des Murex du Museum Nouvelles Archives du Museum d'Histoire Xaturelle, Deuxieme Serie, Tome v. p. 10-lr, Xo. 208. 188-i. Trophon turaidus, Petterd, Journal of Conchoiogy (Eng- land), Vol. iv. part 5, p. 141, No. 26. 1889. Murex Brazieri^ Whitelegge, List of the Marine and Fresh- Water Invertebrate Fauna of Port Jackson and Neigh- bourhood, Journal and Proceedings of the Ptoyal Society, New South Wales, Vol. xxiii. p. 246, No. 209. 1889. Murex Brazieri, Angas ; Brazier, Journal of Conchoiogy, (England), Vol- vi. part 2, p. 66. Hah. — Dredged outside Port Jackson Heads in 20 fathoms (J. Brazier, 1873) ; oflf the Bottle and Glass Rocks, Vaucluse, Port Jackson, 8 fathoms, bottom gravel, broken shells, and fine sand (1874) ; Middle Harbour, found in shell-sand thrown up after south-east gale ; South Australia ( W. T. Bednall) ; north- west coast of Tasmania (Miss Mary Lodder ) ; north side of Long Bay, near Sydney, in shell-sand (J. Brazier, July 24, 1886). This species was sent to me by Mr. Bednall as the young of Murex puniilus, A. Adams, the latter species not being found in South Australia, but in China and Darros Island, Amirantes, in 22 fathoms. The shell known in South Australia as Murex purnilus, A. Adams, by Mr. Angas and others, is a new species which I have named Murex polypleurus. Through the kindness of Miss Mary Lodder, of Ulverstone, North Tasmania, in sending for my inspection the type specimen of Mr. Petterd's Trophon tumidus, I find that, after comparing it with numerous specimens of Murex Brazieri, Angas, they prove to be one and the same species. BY JOHN BRAZIER. 119 7. Helcionsiscus tra3I0SEEICA, Martyn. 1784. FoJAUa trariVjHfirica^ Martyn, Universal Conchologist, Vol. i. pi. 16. 1790. FoMlla traiaoserica, ^\a.rtyn : Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. Vol. xi. p. 179, pi. 197, figs. 1912, 1913. 1836. Patella tramoserica^ Chemnitz; Deshayes in Lamarck Anim. sans Vert. Vol vii p. 542, ^To. 47. 1852. Patella tramoserica, Chemnitz; Gould, United States Ex- ploring Expedition, Vol. xii. Mollusca and Shells, p. 343. 1854. Patella tranioserica, Martyn ; Keeve, Conch. Icon. Vol. viii. pi. 13, fig. 27, a, b, c. 1873. PoMllo. tra/iiioserica., Martyn; E. v. Martens, Critical List of the Mollusca of New Zealand, contained in European Collections, p. 35. 1877. Patella tra/mo-ierica, Martyn; Tenison-AVoods, Census, with brief Descriptions of the Marine Shells of Tasmania, Proc. Royal Soc. Tasmania, p. 45. 1880. Patella, tramoserica^ Martyn ; Hutton, Manual of Xew Zealand Mollusca, p. 109. 1884. Patella tramoserica, Hutton, Proc. Linn. Soc. Xew South Wales, Vol. ix. p, 377. 1891, 1892. Helcionsiscus tro/nioserica^ Pilsbry in Tryon's Manual of Conchology, Vol. xiii. p. 142, pi. 70, figs. 49, 50, 51, 52. Hah. — Xew South Wales (Chemnitz, from Spengler's Coll.) ; Wellington, Xew Zealand (Hutton). For this common species when first figured by Martyn in 1784 he gave the locality "north-west coast of America"; Chemnitz in 1795 was the first to give the correct locality, iS'ew South Wales, from Spengler's collection ; it was also known as the Orange-striped Limpet from the South Sea by the elder English <;onchologists ; Deshayes in Lamarck in 1836 gives Peru and 120 REMARKS ON OLD-DESCRIBED AUSTRALIAN MOLLUSCA. Chili; Dr. Gould in United States Exploring Expedition, 1852, ^ives New Zealand, and states that the "localities hitherto given, Peru and Chili, are probably erroneous " ; Dr. E. v. Martens in 1873 says that "Gould corroborates Martyn's statement that it is found also in New Zealand " ; Martyn never gave New Zealand or New South Wales, as I have previously said ; Professor Hutton in 1880 quotes New Zealand (Martyn and Gould), common in Australia, and this is taken from Martens' Critical List of New Zealand Mollusca, and again in 1884 he gives Wellington, New Zealand, for it, and quotes Patella antipodum, E. A. Smith, as being the same ; not having seen Mr. Smith's species, I will not at present lump it with tramoserica. Mr. Pilsbry in Tryon's Manual, Vol. xiii, p. 142, 1891, 1892, makes tramoserica and antipodum one species ; the figure of the latter in the Zoology cf the Voyage of H.M.S. Erebus and Terror, Mollusca, p. 4, pi. 1, fig. 25, is very much like some of the many varieties of tramoserica, and I doubt very much if Smith's species was ever found in New Zealand. Dieff'enbach and others have made very grave errors in their localities of Australian and New Zealand Mollusca ; even authors in some of the recent manuals and monographs quote strictly Australian species from New Zealand and New Ireland ; some of them evidently take New Ireland as being near Australia or a part of New Zealand. To sum up Helcionsiscus tramoserica is purely an Aufi- tralian species there is not the least doubt, it having been found in Tasmania, South Australia, Victoria, the whole coast line of New South Wales, and into ISloreton Bay, Queensland ; and its varieties are legion, and appear to have escaped the species-maker of the Cuming school. 121 NOTE ON THE OCCURRENCE OF LEPIDODENDROF IN UPPER DEVONIAN ROCKS AT MOUNT LAMBIE, NEAR RYDAL, NEW SOUTH WALES. By E. F. Pittman, Assoc. R.S.M., and T. W. E.David, B.A., F.G.S. As far as the authors are aware, the occurrence of Lejoidodendron in Australia in rocks, for the Devonian Age of which there is strong evidence, has not hitherto been proved. The object of the present note is to show that the result of recent examinations by the authors of the neighbourhood of Mount Lambie in New South Wales proves that a species of Leindodendron occurs there in rocks probably of Upper Devonian Age. The literature on the subject of Lepidodendron australe has been well summarised by Mr. R. Etheridge, jun., in an article contributed to the Records of the Geological Survey of New South Wales. "^ According to the above article, William Carruthers published the first description of an Australian Lepidodendron^ under the name of L. 7tothum, Unger. McCoy next described a species of this genus from the Avon River, Gippsland, Victoria, as Lepido- dendron australe. Carruthers' specimens were forwarded by the late R. Daintree from Mount Wyatt, Canoona, and the Broken River, in Queensland, and were considered by him to be of Old Pved Sandstone Age. Mr. Etheridge gives the age of the Avon River Sandstones as Lower Carboniferous, but Mr. It. A. F. Murray, in his "Geology and Physical Geography of Victoria,"! classes the Avon Fa\er * Eecords Geological Survey of New South Wales, Vol. ii. Part 3, p. 119. + Geology and Physical Geography of Victoria, p. 78. 122 ON THE OCCURRENCE OF LEPIDODENDRON AT MT. LAMBIE, Scanclstones as Upper Devonian, admitting, however, that there is an immense unconforraability between them and the Middle Devonian Rocks, the hitter being nearly vertical in places where the former are nearly horizontal. On page 67 (loc. cit.J Mr. Murray states : — " It is highly probable, therefore, judging from their stratigraphical position, that the Avon Sandstones are — as indicated by Professor McCoy on palseontological evidence — of Lower Carboniferous Age, or passage beds in that direction upwards from the Upper Devonian beds." Mr. Etheridge contends that Carruthers' specimens, so-called L. nofhum, and McCoy's L. australe are identical, and should therefore both be termed L. australe. Professor McCoy has indicated that there is a close relation between L. australe and L. tetragonum, Sternb., of the European Carboniferous. Mr. R. Daintree has stated that in Queensland strata yielding Lepidodendron at Mt. Wyatt are interstratilied with Spirifera disjuncta beds ; no detailed description or figure, however, is given of these Spirifers. The Rev. W. B. Clarke states : " So far as Lepidodendron is concerned, that plant occurs in some places in association with beds that are decidedly younger than any called Devonian ; near Pallal, on the Horton River, and on the Manilla River, in Liver- pool Plains, . . . and at Goonoo Goonoo, on the Peel River, in New South Wales, it occurs in fine grey sandstone with ferns and Sigillaria, in close proximity to beds of marine fossils, which are certainly Lower Carboniferous." This conclusion is quite in accord with the evidence collected by Mr. J. Mackenzie, F.G.S., the Government Examiner of Coal- Fields, who showed Mr. Etheridge and one of the authors about three years ago a slab of rock obtained by him in situ in the Stroud district, showing a species of Lepidodendro7i associated with an undoubted Carboniferous marine fauna. At the Great Star River also, in Queensland, we have the authority of Mr. Jack and Mr. Etheridge for stating that Lepidodendron is there associated with a, Carboniferous fauna. BY E. F. PITTxMAN AND T. AV. E. DAVID. 123 Mr. Etheridge, at the conclusion of his able article on Lepido- dendron australe, states that at Mt. Lambie there appears to be an insensible gradation, so far as our present knowledge shows, from beds of Upper Devonian Age into those of Lower Carboniferous, as in Victoria. His conclusions, if summarised, amount to this — that Lepidodendron australe is undoubtedly of Carboniferous Age in some parts of Queensland and New South Wales. In Victoria it is probably Lower Carboniferous in the Avon Kiver Sandstones, and at Mt. Lambie in New South Wales and Mt. Wyatt in Queensland, probably Carboniferous, possibly Devonian, but of the latter Age at the time when he wrote there was no absolute proof. Mr. Clunies Ross, B.Sc, of Bathurst, in a paper read before the Hobart Meeting of the Australasian Association for the Advance- ment of Science, summarising our knowledge of Lepidodendron in New South Wales^ stated that L. Volkmannianum and L. Veltheimianuni were probably of Carboniferous Age in Eastern Australia, but that, while admitting that L. australe was, at some of the localities where it was known to occur, of Carboniferous Age, he considered that, in the neighbourhood of Bathurst, at any rate, it was probably Devonian. This latter conclusion was based on the evidence collected by himself at a locality 16 miles from Bathurst, where he had discovered a drift piece of Lepidodendron under circumstances which led him to the conclusion that it had probably been derived from a geological horizon below that of the marine Devonian brachiopoda of that locality. With a view of trying to set at rest the important question as to whether Lepidodendron descends into true Devonian rocks in Australia, the authors recently spent four days in exploring the country in the neighbourhood of Mt. Lambie. For the first two days not a single specimen of Leindodendron could be discovered, but on the third day about twenty specimens of Lepidodendron australe were discovered by us in situ near to the locality where similar specimens had been previously obtained by the Rev. W. B. Clarke and the late Government Geologist, Mr. C. S. Wilkinson ; and about six 124 - ON THE OCCURRENCE OF LEPIDODENDRON AT MT. LAMBIE, specimens were discovered in situ by us at a spot about half a mile nearer to the Brachiopod Sandstone of Mt. Lambie than the previous locality. This latter locality is distant only about one- quarter of a mile in a direct line from what appears to be the uppermost Marine Devonian Bed in that district. This horizon would be about, perhaps, 700 or 800 feet above the top of the Marine Devonian Beds. Mr. C. S. Wilkinson has stated elsewhere that he considered that the Lepidodendron hoiizon approached within about 1000 feet of the top of the Marine Devonian Rocks. So far, all the specimens found by us were large varieties four or five to six inches in diameter, and probably all referable to Lepidodendron australe. On the fourth day of examination we found an obscure cast of Lepidodendron associated with Marine Devonian fossils in such a position as to leave no doubt that the loose angular block in which it was imbedded had rolled down from a horizon many hundred feet below the level of the uppermost of the Spirifera disjancta beds. The cast being an obscure one, it would probably be impossible to determine the exact species of Lejndodendron to which it belongs, though it certainly appears to be closely allied to Lepidodendron australe^ if not identical with it. On the day before that on which we found the above specimen near Mt. Lambie, Mr. Clunies Ross discovered a specimen of " Lepidodendron australe " in a large block of Marine Devonian Sandstone at the locality previously examined by him 16 miles from Bathurst. The two discoveries were therefore made almost simultaneously, and the results confirm one another, so that it may be concluded that a Lejndodendron, probably L. australe, extends downw^ards into the true Devonian rocks of Australia. The fact may be mentioned here that a species of plant appa- rently allied to Lepidodendron, though its very imperfect state of preservation renders its identity uncertain, was found by the authors in situ in a bed of quartzite which must be at least a thousand feet below the horizon of the uppermost Spirifera BY E. F. PITTMAN AND T. W. E. DAVID. 125 disjuncta bed. This imperfectly preserved and undescribed fossil plant is among the specimens exhibited to-night. These discoveries do not disprove, therefore, any conclusions previously arrived at as to the age of Lepidodendron in Australia, but should help to carry the inquiry a stage further back into the past history of the world's plants. The obvious inference is either that some variety o^ Lepidodendron in Australia descends into the Upper Devonian, or that Sjnrifera disjuncta ascends into the Lower Carboniferous. The fact might be mentioned here that Mr. William Anderson, Government Geological Surveyor, and Mr. P. T. Hammond, Geological Field Assistant, have lately discovered Lejndodendron australe at a new locality at Back Creek, near Major's Creek, in New South Wales, associated with a marine fauna of Upper Devonian or Lower Carboniferous affinities. The results of their explorations in this district, when elaborated, should therefore form an important contribution to our knowledge of the geological range of Lepidodendron australe in New South Wales. 126 NOTES AND EXHIBITS. Professor David pointed out in reference to his Note on the discovery of the mineral sphene in situ in granite at the Bathurst water-works read at the Society's last meeting, that he regretted to find that, quite inadvertently, he had overlooked the fact that the Rev. J. M. Curran, F.G.S., in his paper "On the Geology and Petrography of Bathurst," in Vol. vi. (2nd Ser.) of the Society's Proceedings (p. 26), had already recorded the occurrence of the mineral sphene in Bathurst granite. He was glad of the oppor- tunity, therefore, of rectifying the omission, and of disclaiming any intention of detracting from the credit due to a fellow- worker. Professor David exhibited diagrams and specimens in illus- tration of the paper by Mr. Pittman and himself, together with a specimen of Leindodendron from Back Creek, a new locality for the occurrence of this fossil lately discovered by Mr. William Anderson and Mr. P. T. Hammond of the Geological Survey of the Department of Mines, N. S. Wales. Mr. Froggatt exhibited specimens of a crane-fly (Family Tijyu- lidce) and of a bug (Family lieduviidce)^ showing the mimetic markings of the latter, which no doubt enable it to catch the former. Mr. Maiden exhibited for Dr. T. L. Bancroft specimens of the tuberculous roots referred to in his paper belonging to the Legu- minous genera Desmodium, Sesbania, Medicago^ Crotalaria^ Mimosa, together with photographs of the same. Mr. Trebeck exhibited an orthopterous insect (Phibalosoma) from Fiji; and a scorpion from Queensland. Mr. Fletcher exhibited for Mr. J. H. Rose, of Warialda, two interesting frogs (^Limnodynastes ornatus, Gray, and Heleioporus pictus, Ptrs.), and made some remarks on their distribution. He also showed a living cystignathoid frog of large size but retiring habits, at present undescribed, from the neighbourhood of Sydney, with which he proposed to deal on a future occasion. NOTES AND EXHIBITS. 127 Mr. John Mitchell contributed a " Note on the discovery of a bone-deposit and on some of the fossils found therein " : — In December last Mr. G. K. Horan brought under my notice the discovery of a bone-deposit on the Terrible Vale Run, the property of F. G. Taylor, Esq., in the parish and county of Sandon, about two miles from the Kentucky Railway Station. Both Mr. Taylor and Mr. Horan have taken great interest in the discovery, and have devoted some considerable time and labour to its explora- tion. Mr. Horan has sent me several parcels of the teeth found in the deposit, with samples of the drift in which they are enclosed. The bulk of these teeth prove to have belonged to members of the Macro2)odidce and probably to existing types. Some of the molars are large, yet not larger than those possessed by the largest living specimens of the genus Macrojnis. One lai-ge upper incisor, for the determination of which I am indebted to the assistance of Mr. Etheridge, palaeontologist, and Mr. Barnes, articulator, to the Australian Museum, indicates by its massive proportions a species larger than existing forms. By the courtesy of the gentlemen just mentioned I was enabled to compare this incisor with the large incisors of others of the Macrojyodidce from Wellington Caves, and I found it agreed with them fully, though not so large as the largest incisors from that locality. Perhaps the most interesting are two which appear to be very small carnassial teeth of Thylacoleo, the presence of which would indicate a geological age corresponding with that of the older bone- deposits of Wellington and Goodradigbee Caves, and probably the Myall Creek bone-beds (Records Geological Survey of N.S.W. Vol. i. part 2). From information and specimens supplied by Mr. Horan, I am able to give the following particulars concerning the occurrence of the deposit and of the geological features of the neighbourhood. The bones are exposed in a newly-formed water-course, and are covered by ten feet of alluvium chiefly formed of granite detritus. The bones are very tender ; their interiors have decomposed and become replaced with sediment, and consequently break very easily ; even the teeth in many cases have lost all their original 128 NOTES AND EXHIBITS. substance except the enamel. No large bones have yet been obtained, and those observed in the deposit are fragmentary and seem to have suffered transportation. The country rock is granite, and the locality and neighbourhood for a considerable distance are very level. Taking into consideration the physical conformation of the locality, the absence of any considerable stream, and that the covering of the bone-deposit largely consists of material derived from the erosion of granite, it may be safe to conclude that this deposit belongs to the earliest post-tertiary period. Its further exploration, therefore, might yield valuable scientific results. ?>Ir. Taylor has expressed an intention of making further explorations in the deposit as convenience permits, when more important discoveries may be made. PL5.N.5,WvZ??5er.jVoL.Vlll. PHASCOLONUS CICAS, OW. Upper incisor' A/./r'Avl'cr' rie/er p. L.S.N.S.W. {Z"'^ Ser) Vol VIII. PI. 11. » ^ ^•>^ ■A ^ '^i % '1^ w^ «^ w J- 4*,^ i ^ //% ... r'ffAH'wsy RTB/^her, If \-' .f ACACIA JONESK, Fv. M. .^ Ma/rf^Az. H.S Burton lith. PJ..S.N.S.W. (2nd Ser.) Vol. VIII. Pi. in. W.J.R. del. PJtotoline Printing Co., Sydney. P.L.S.N.SAl/. (2nd Ser.) Vol. Fill. J 'I. iv. PhotoUne Printing Co., Sydney. 129 WEDNESDAY, MAY 31st, 1893. The President, Professor David, B.A,, F.G.S., in the Chair. Mr. J. Macpherson, B.A., Sydney University, was introduced as a visitor. Mr. A. H. S. Lucas, M.A., B.Sc, Newington College, Sydney, and Dr. Finselbach, Tweed River, N.S.W. were elected Members of the Society. DONATIONS. "Hooker's Icones Plantarum." Fourth Series, Vol. ii. Part 2 (March, 1893). From the Director, Royal Gardens, Kew. " Geological Survey of India — Records." Vol. xxvi. Part 1 (1893). From the Director. "Perak Government Gazette." Vol. vi. Nos. 8-10 (March and April, 1893). From the Goveriiment Secretary. " Scciete Beige de Microscopic — Bulletin." Tome xix. Nos. 4-5 (1 892-93). From the Society. " Societe d'Horticulture du Doubs, Besangon — Bulletin." Nouvelle Serie, No. 27 (March, 1893). From the Society. " Zoologischer Anzeiger." xvi. Jahrgang, Nos. 415-416 (March and April, 1893). From the Editor. "Sydney Free Public Library — Report for 1892." From the Trustees. 9 130 DONATIONS. " University of Melbourne — Examination Papers" (February, 1893). From the University. "Pharmaceutical Journal of Australasin." Vol. vi. (1893), Nos. 4-5. From the Editor. "Archiv for Mathematik og Naturvidenskab (Kristiania)." i.-xiv. Bel. (1876-90). From the Royal Norwegian University, Christiania. "NaturwissenschaftlicherVerein in Hamburg — Abliandlungen." xii. Bd. 1 Heft (in two Parts) [1893]. Fro^n the Society. " Department of Mines, Victoria — Special Reports : Report on the Bendigo Gold-Field." By E. J. Dunn, F.G.S. (1893). From the Hon. the Minister for Mines. ♦' Coraite Geologique, St. Petersbourg — Bulletins." T. x. Nos. 6-9 (1891) ; T. xi. Nos. 1-8 (1892) ; Supplement au T. xi (1892) : "Memoires." Vol. xii. No. 2 (1892); Vol. xiii. No. 1 (1892). From the Committee. "Zoological Society of London — Abstract" (March 14th and 28th, 1893). From the Society. "Victorian Naturalist." Vol. x. No. 1 (May, 1893). From the Field Naturalists^ Club of Victoria. "Department of Agriculture, Brisbane — Bulletin." No. 22 (March, 1893). From the Under Secretary for Agricidture. "Geological Survey of Queensland — Report on the Russell River Gold-Field." By R. L. Jack, Government Geologist. From the Author. "Entomological Society of London — Transactions," 1892, Part 3 ; 1893, Part 1. F\om the Society. " Zoological and Acclimatisation Society of Victoria — Twenty- ninth Annual Report" (1892). From the Society. " Naturhistorischer Verein der Preussischen Rheinlande, West- falens und des Reg.-Bez. Osnabruck — Verhandlungen." Fiinfte Folge, ix. Jahrg., Zweite Halfte (1892). From the Society. DONATIONS. 131 " Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein zu Osnabriick — Neunter Jahresbericht " (1891-92). From the Sociehj, " Gesellschaft fiir Erdkunde zu Berlin — Zeitschrift." Bd. xxvii. (1892), No. 6; " Verhandlungen." Bd. xx. (1893), No. 2 u. 3. From the Society. "Societe des Sciences de Finlande — Acta." T. xviii. (1891): " Oefversigt." T. xxxiii. (1890-91). From the Society. •' K. K. Zoologisch-botanische Gesellschaft in Wien — Verhand- lungen." xlii. Bd. 1 ii. 2 Quartal (1892). From the Society. " Naturforschende Gesellschaft in Bern — Mittheilungen." Jahrgang 1891. From the Society. "Societe Helvetique des Sciences Naturelles reunie a Fribourg — Actes." 74'^^^ Session (1891); "Compte Rendu." 74'^^Session (1891). From the Society. " Naturwissenschaftlicher Ye rein fiir Schleswig-Holstein — Schriften." Band ix. Zweites Heft (1892). From the Society. " Academic Imperiale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg — Memoires." T. xxxviii. (vii« Serie), Nos. 11-13 (1892). From the Academy. " Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia — Proceedings for 1892." Part ii. From the Academy. "National Academy of Sciences, Washington — Fourth Memoir." Vol. V. From the Smithsonian Institution^ Washington. " United States Geological Survey — Mineral Resources of the United States, 1889-90." From the Director. " Royal Society of Victoria — Proceedings." New Series. Vol. V. (1892). From the Society. "American Naturalist." Vol. xxvii. No. 316 (April, 1893). From the Editors. "Johns Hopkins University Circulars." Vol. xii. Nos. 101 and 104 (November, 1892, and March, 1893). From the University. " United States Department of Agriculture — Division of Ento- mology. Bulletin No. 28." From the Secretary of Agriculture. 132 DONATIONS. " Australasian Journal of Pharmacy." Vol. viii. No. 89 (May, 1893). From the Editor. "Agricultural Gazette of New South Wales." Vol. iv. No. 4 (April, 1893). From the Department of Agriculture. " Societe Royale Linneenne tie Bruxelles — Bulletin." xviii. Annee, Nos. 5-6 (February and March, 1893). Fi'om the Society' " Sociedade Carlos Ribeiro, Porto — Revista. Vol. ii. No. 8 (1893). From the Society. " Zoologische Station zu Neapel — Mittheilungen." x. Band, 4 Heft (1893). From the Director. *' Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou — Bulletin." Annee 1892, No. 4. From the Society. "Societe des Naturalistes de Kiew — Memoires." Tome xii. Livs. 1-2 (1892). From the Society. " K. K. Naturhistorisches Hof museum, Wien — Annalen." Band vii. Nr. 3-4 (1892). From the Director. "Societe des Naturalistes de la Nouvelle-Russie — Memoires." T. xvii. P. 2-3 (1892-3). Fro7n the Society. " Russisch-Kaiserliche Mineral ogische Gesellschaft zu St. Peters- burg— Verhandlungen." Zweite Serie. xxix. Band (1892): " Materialen zur Geologie Russlands." Band xvi. (1893). From the Society. "Societe Zoologique de France — Bulletin." T. xvii. No. 5 (1892). From the Society, "Journal of Conchology." Vol. vii. No. 6 (April, 1893\ From the C onchological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Pamphlet entitled — " The Specific Rank of Limax cinereo- nigerr By W. D. Roebuck, F.L.S. (1893). From the Author. 133 PAPERS READ. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA, WITH ADDITIONAL LOCALITIES FOR KNOWN SPECIES. By Thomas P. Lucas, M.R.C.S., Eng., L.S.A., Lond., L.R.C.P. & M., Ed. I have to thank Mr. Meyrick for his continued kindness and assistance in determining the genus in many instances, and for comparing specimens in the British Museum, &c. I have also to thank Mr. Illidge, Dr. Turner, and Messrs. Meek, jun., and Barnard for their great assistance and loan of specimens. It is most interesting to note the large number of species found at Geraldton, N. Queensland, common to Ceylon ; the species generally are of Indian and Malayan types. Group SPHINGID^, Family SESIAD^. Sesia igniflua, sp.nov. (J9- 14-15 mm. Head, palpi, and antennae black, frontal lim golden tinted with blue. Thorax tire-coloured, bordered laterally and posteriorly with black. Abdomen black, with base of segments yellowish- white, those of centre segments most conspicuous. Forewings very narrow, somewhat club-shaped, costa straight, ai)ical half rounded, apex and hindmargin rounded, fire-coloured sparingly tinted with blue, a spot at base black, submedian and transverse veins black, and at ^ costa a black streak begins in scattered dots, but broadens at | to form a marginal band and to enclose a fire- coloured subapical spot, in some specimens the black 13-1: DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA, more distributed over the fire ground colour as minute specks : cilia ochreous and greyish-black. Hind wings colourless, trans- parent, veins black, hindmargin bordered with fire-colour clouded with black, narrowing to a line on inner border ; cilia black. Brisbane ; in scrub. Some three years ago I found empty pupa cases projecting from the bark of the Quondong tree {Elceocar'pus grandis), but failed to obtain the perfect insect. Dr. Turner succeeded in capturing seven specimens this year and has courteously given me a pair. Group BOMBYCINA, Family ARCTIADJE. NUDARIA. A. Head white. Fore wings with fuscous-ochreous lines 1. albida. B. Head irrorated, or tinted, with darker. a. Forewings with entire costal line fus- cous-black 2 . ohchhcta. b. Forewings without entire costal line black. 1. Forewings without continuous trans- verse veins. i. (J with subcostal dark fold 3. Barnardi. ii. With scattered irregular dots 5. macilenta 2. Forewings with transverse fascia and lines 4. mollis. 1. NUDARIA ALBIDA^ Walk. (J^. 15-18 mm. Head white. Palpi ochreous. Antennae fus- cous-grey. Forewings with costa rounded, hindmargin rounded, creamy-whitOj with light ochreous-fuscous and grey markings ; four pale ochreous-fuscous transverse lines undulate and denticu- late ; the first from \ costa to i inner margin, is sharply angled and interrupted before middle ; the second from before J costa to ^- inner margin ; the third from f costa to 4 inner margin ; the fourth extending from | costa to f hindmargin, but interrupted BY THOMAS P. LUCAS. 135 in the middle of the wing ; a hindmarginal row of ochreous-fuscous dots ; a dark suffused streak uniting jSrst and second lines along inner margin, two minute but conspicuous black dots in disc, one each immediately before 1st and 2nd lines : cilia creamy-white. Hindwings and cilia creamy-white. Queensland ; in scrubs and at light. Meyrick in his monograph refers to this as a species unknown to him. He was afterwards able to identify it from specimens I sent. Walker's description is incomplete and not absolutely correct. I therefore redescribe it. 2. NUDARIA OBDUCTA, sp.nov. (J9. 12-16 mm. Head, palpi, and antennse light grey. Thorax grey, abdomen whitish-grey, darker grey at base of segments. Forewings with costa rounded, hindmargin rounded, light grey, with spots and blotches of darker grey ; a streak of black-grey along centre of wing at base ; costal line dark fuscous-grey, interruptedly thickened with darker spots ; veins grey, with a conspicuous row of hindmarginal black-grey dots ; a diffused grey fascia from ^ costa to ^ inner margin, where it forms a conspicuous black-grey blotch, thence sujQfused along inner margin, becoming obsolete toward anal angle ; an oblong patch of black-grey from f to ^ costa for one-fourth the breadth of wing ; an angled black- grey blotch at 4 costa : cilia white-grey. Hindwings white lightly tinted with grey ; hindmarginal line darker grey ; cilia as fore- wings. Brisbane to Mackay ; in scrub, rare. 3. NuDARiA Barnardi, sp.nov. (J 9- 12-14 mm. Head whitish-grey. Antennae ochreous. Thorax and abdomen ochreous-white. Forewings with costa gently rounded, hindmargin rounded, white, semi-hyaline, thinly scaled ; veins indistinctly ochreous, darker on hindmargin, in ^ a dark fuscous-grey fold of wing from opposite middle of base to costa at f ; three or four light ochreous indistinct spots along costa, more marked in 9 ; a row of hindmarginal dots of same 136 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA, colour : in the female in addition a stained spot showing from undersurface below median at f, two small dots between this and costa at ^-, dots near base and at -^, ^ and ^ of inner margin, and an irregular row of submarginal dots larger than the hind- marginal dots ; a small discal and discoidal spot at J and f dark black : cilia white. Hindwings as forewings, without markings except that veins are shaded toward hindmargin ; cilia white. Geraldton, Johnson River, Queensland (Messrs. Meek and Barnard). 4. NUDARIA MOLLIS, sp.nOV. ^2- 13-15 mm. Head, antennae, thorax and abdomen light ochreous. Forewings with costa rounded, hindmargin rounded, white, freely diffused and marked with light ochreous-fuscous ; a small black dot on costa near base, subtending a second before middle of wing, and a third near inner margin at -|; second dark fuscous dot on costa at J ; and a third at f co.sta, which sub- tends a light ochreous fascia, extending parallel to hindmaigin, to a dark ochreous dot on J inner margin ; this is broad on costa, becoming a line before middle, and is dentate J from inner margin ; a conspicuous fuscous-black discal spot at J ; interrupted short lines and dots of fuscous-ochreous along costa : an ochreous fascia from a dark spot | costa to i inner margin, thrice sharply angled in costal half, thence curved inward and then outward on inner half ; a minute discoidal spot at J in a line with discal spot ; beyond this a broad fuscous-ochreous fascia, rounded on anterior border tof hindmargin and denticulate twice or thrice on posterior border (and not touching hindmargin) to opposite # hindmargin ; a dark lunular mark obliquely from inner margin of anal angle is faintly connected with this outer fascia ; a row of dark fuscous or black dots on hindmargin : cilia ochreous. Hindwings white ; cilia white. Near Brisbane ; in scrub. Dr. Turner took a specimen in excellent order. I had pre- viously taken two or three rubbed specimens. Much more richly marked than the other species. BY THOMAS P. LUCAS. 137 5. NUDARIA MACILENTA, Sp.nov. (J. 14 mm. Head white, face black, orbital rims white. Palpi black. Antenn?e fuscous. Thorax wliite, posteriorly a dorsal spot black. Abdomen ochreous-grey. Forewings with costa gently rounded, hindmargin obliquely rounded, white with scat- tered grey scales and fuscous markings and veins grey ; a fuscous line of dots at i, f , | and 4 costa, a light inconspicuous grey fascia from 1st dot to submedian vein near base ; three light grey linear dots subtending veins in a line from 3rd costal dot to J inner margin ; a fuscous outline mark resembling an erect skeleton of a bird from below median to before f inner margin ; a dentate mark below median at f; a row of faint hindmarginal fuscous dots : cilia white. Hindwings white ; cilia as forewings. Brisbane ; one specimen. Family PSYCHIDyE. Oeceticus bicolor, sp.nov. (J. 26 mm. Head, thorax and abdomen ferruginous-ochreous. Antennae black, midrib white, pectinations naiTowing at base and apex. Forewings with costa gently rounded, hindmargin rounded, light ochreous-drab or mouse-colour, thinly scaled, veins darker : cilia darker or more a fuscous-drab. Hindv\'ings as forewings. Victoria. An unpretentious-looking insect, the centre ferruginous-ochreous being the more conspicuous because of the sombre-looking wings. Family BOMBYCID.E. BOMBYX CRENULATA, sp.nOV. ^. 34-38, 9. 60 mm. Head, thorax and abdomen dark chocolate, in 9 the thorax lighter, chocolate-fuscous. Palpi dark chocolate, tipped with ferrous-fuscous, in ^ light chocolate-fuscous. Antennae reddish-ochreous, midrib fuscous-red, in ^ pectinations very short, serrate-like. Forewings with costa nearly straight, rounded at apex, hindmargin nearly straight, finely crenulate, dark chocolate with darker coloured veins ; a small black discal 138 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW AUSTRAL AN LEPIDOPTERA, spot at f near median, scarcely tiaceable or absent in 9, a darker fine hindmarginal line in J", ochreous between crenulations in ^ : cilia alternately chocolate and ochreous. Hind wings dark choco- late, very hairy over inner margin ; cilia chocolate. The 9 i^ general appearance is a lighter chocolate or more a chocolate-fuscous. The moth especially reminds one of the small Lappet moth of England. Eltham, Melbourne ; one specimen without the black discal spot, taken by the late Mr. David Kershaw: Brisbane; three s})ecimens at light. Family LIPARID^. Darala serranotata, sp.nov. 9. 63-67 mm. Head, thorax and abdomen light ferrous- ochreous. Antennae smoky-black, ferrous-ochreous at base. Legs black, densely padded with chocolate-ochreous hairs. Forewings triangular, widely dilate, costa nearly straight, apical third rounded, hindmargin gently rounded, light chocolate-ochreous, semi-hyaline, veins darker chocolate, costal band and base of wings ferrous-ochreous ; an ochreous-white discal spot beneath costal band at f, an ochreous-white serrate fascia at J parallel with hindmargin ; hindmargin beyond this covered with darker chocolate scales, not hyaline : cilia ochreous-white. Hindwings as forewings with serrate fascia continuous with that of forewings ; cilia as forewings. Barnard Island ; one specimen reared by Mr. Barnard : near Cairns ; one specimen in Brisbane Museum. Group G E 0 M E T R I N .E, Family GEOMETRID^. lODIS FASCINANS, Sp.nOV. (J. 35 mm. Head glaucous-green, face bordered with white. Palpi fuscous spotted and tipped with white. Antennre fuscous. Thorax glaucous-green, irrorated with white hairs, and with a dorsal diamond-shaped white patch posteriorly, containiug four green dots ; undersurface white, with a fringe of long white hairs. Abdomen white, irrorated with green, each segment bordered BY THOMAS P. LUCAS. 139 with green lines posteriorly and laterally, and with two green lines dorsally diverging posteriorly in each segment, apical segment green with a tine central line of white and bordered with white ; undersurface white. Legs white, anterior tiVjiae green, sparingly barred with white. Fore wings rather broadly dilate, costa rounded, hind margin waved, gently rounded, glaucous-green, thinly scaled, with darker green veins and white dots on the veins ; costal band dark green, sparingly dotted with white in apical half, basal third of wings whitened by numerous irregular broken white lines, dots and patches, a white wavy line, thrice broadly dentate from f costa to J inner margin, a white patch in costal third immediately beyond, an interrupted white fascia, formed of three broad wavy dentate lines or bars partially inter- rupted immediately below apex, and thinned out to lines and dots on anal third, a hindmarginal interrupted black dentate line, with dots on inner and outer angles : cilia glaucous-green, tinted with darker green and sparingly with white. Hindwings as fore- wings, with basal white predominating as far as f costa to f inner margin, inner margin strongly irrorated with green, at apical angle a blotch of rose colour with a white spot bordered with black on inner border of costa, the black extending as a line along hindmargin and thence suffused, the blotch bordered by white ; beyond this rose-coloured patch on hindmargin an equal-sized band of ground colour, then a conspicuous patch of white, formed of three wavy white bands, and again a patch of ground colour at anal angle ; hindmarginal line and cilia as forewings. Brisbane; one specimen (Mr. Illidge), October, 1892. lodis eucalyjHi, Luc. Mr. Meyrick has kindly compared with /. metaspila. Walk., in British Museum, and he pronounces them the same, consequently the former name must lapse. Family MONOCTENIADiE. Arrhodia (?) Illidgei, sp.nov. (^. 37 mm. Head light creamy-fuscous, suffused with rose, forehead yellow, face light ochreous-fuscous with black scales. HO DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA, Palpi fuscous. Antenna? yellow, pectinations fuscous. Thorax light creamy-fuscous, tinted with rose colour anteriorly, with a dense development of grey-white hairs beneath. Abdomen creamy-fuscous. Legs fuscous, femora and tibiae crimson-red, striped and aunulated with ochreous-yellow. Forewings triangu- lar, costa sparingly sinuous, apex produced, rounded; hindmaigin obliquely rounded, light creamy or ochreous-fuscous with a scaicely perceptible rosy tint, and sparsely lightly and thinly pencilled with black, darker and more conspicuous at apical and anal angles ; costal margin reddish-yellow, a row of three smoke- coloured dots, first at J costa, this slightly diffused, second on median at J, and third opposite J of inner margin ; a semilunar black spot on costa at § ; a row of small black dots on veins from opposite § inner margin to near the apex of a fuscous fascia formed of interrupted dots or blotches from opposite inner margin at I to costa just before apex, the blotch near inner margin large, dififused and bordered with fuscous or reddish-black and suffused with rose colour, the next spot smaller, the centre ones smallest, but the spots again become larger toward costa, where there is a rosy sufi'usion filling the apical angle, and with a dark spot on hindmargin neai- apex: cilia dark ochreous-fuscou^?. Undersurface of forewings greenish-ochreous-fuscous finely pencilled with black, apex rosy dotted with white, inner margin rose-tinted. Hindwings light ochreous-fuscous sparsely [)encilled with fine black congre- gated chiefly throughout middle third of wing; costa rosy; cilia as forewings. Brisbane (Mr. lllidge), October, 1892. This also comes near to Gastrophora, and will, I think, have to be formed into a new genus. Group NOCTUINA, Family AGARISTID.E. Agarista fluitans, sp.nov. 9. 35 mm. Head grey, face ashy-grey, with a triangular patch on crown and a spot adjacent to orbit on either side rich velvety black. Palpi black, ashy-grey at base. Antennae black. Thorax BY THOMAS P. LUCAS. 141 fuscous-black, with an inconspicuous linear ochieous fringe behind collar. Abdomen black, segments bordered with golden-yellow, caudal segment tipped with black. Legs black-grey, banded with white. Fore wings triangular, moderately dilate, costa nearly straight, hindmargin rounded, rich fuscous-black, with a few scattered inconspicuous grey scales and a conspicuous curving undulating white fascia from f costa to anal angle, resembling a rivulet with an arm or slight angular projection on anterior border at ^, and one on posterior border at 4 : cilia fuscous-black. Hindwings dark black ; cilia black shaded with grey. Brisbane; one specimen at light, November, 1892. Family LEUCANID^. Leucania exarans, sp.nov. (J^. 27-30 mm. Head, palpi, antennae, thorax and abdomen light wainscoat or light ochreous-fuscous. Forewings elongate, narrowly dilate, costa gently rounded, hindmargin rounded ; light ochreous-fuscous, veins lighter ochreous, a deep black line from base below submedian to nearly ^ length of wing, where it breaks up into a few inconspicuous scattered black specks ; a 2nd and narrower black line commencing at J of wing running parallel to median, then dividing into smoky shaded lines between veins ; a hindmarginal row of black dots and a narrow hindmarginal light ochreous line : cilia ochreous-fuscous shaded or banded with smoky-grey. Hindwings ochreous-fuscous shaded with diffused smoky-black, darker toward hind border ; veins smoky-fuscous ; cilia ochreous banded and edged with grey. Williamstown, Melbourne ; three specimens. Leucania obumbrata, sp.nov. 9. 32 mm. Head, palpi, thorax and abdomen dusky ochreous very finely speckled with smoky-fuscous ; undersurface of thorax with a woolly cushion of long hairs. Antennae dusky ochreous. Legs dusky ochreous, anterior and middle tibiae banded witli ferrous-fuscous. Forewings with costa gently rounded, hind- 142 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA, margin rountled, dusky ochreous very finely dusted with smoky- grey and a number of smoke-coloured dots ; a row of three smoke-coloured dots, one on costa at J, the other two at equal distances between this and inner margin at ^, a dot on costa at §, a row of eight dots from near costa at | to J of inner margin ; a hindmarginal lighter groundcolour line bounded anteriorly by a row of minute dots and posteriorly by a band finely barred with short smoky-fuscous lines : cilia ochreous. Hindwings dusky ochreous ; cilia light ochreous with a smoky-fuscous band. On the undersurface the forewings are ochreous, finely dusted with smoky-fuscous, with a smoky-fuscous suffused median line termi- nated by a broad smoky-fuscous band at |. The undersurface of the hindwings is as in forewings, the broad band being continuous with that of forewicgs ; there is also a very conspicuous smoky- fuscous discal spot. Melbourne ; one specimen. Calamia suffusa, sp.nov. (J. 38 mm. Head ochreous-fuscous, eyes chocolate colour. Palpi darker fuscous at base and tips, shaded to ochreous in centre. Antennae ochreous-fuscous. Legs darker fuscous, ochreous on undersurface. Thorax ochreous-fuscous, becoming darker pos- teriorly. Abdomen ochreous-fuscous, with a darker fuscous blotcli anteriorly on dorsum of 1st segment, and narrow blotches laterally on hind segments. Forewings with costa gently rounded, hind- margin rounded, ochreous-fuscous; veins prominent, finely lined with light ochreous, shar{)ly bordered with red-ochreous, which is suffused to borders of interspaces; costa finely lined with ochreous: cilia fuscous, margined with ochreous. Hindwings ochreous-fus- cous, lighter toward inner margin, veins finely lined with light ochreouSj bordered and suffused over interspaces with smoky- fuscous ; cilia light ochreous, suffused toward apex with darker fuscous. The undersurface of the forewings is dark smoky-fuscous, excepting a narrow median band and a narrow bordering which are ochreous; cilial band smoky-fuscous. The undersurface of the hindwings is very light ochreous, and is dusted with fuscous over BY THOMAS P. LUCAS. 143 outer J of wing, with a streak of fuscous along inner marginal fold. Frankston, near Melbourne; one specimen at dusk on Casuarina flowers, in April. Family ORTHOSID^. Orthosia columbaris, sp.nov. ^^. 33-38 mm. Head, palpi, antennse, thorax and abdomen creamy-grey. Forewings with costa rounded at base, thence straight, hindinargin rounded, creamy-grey, costal fourth lighter grey, space between this and hindmargin diflTused with orange-red, a triangle of three black dots on costa near base and at equal distances on costal side of median vein ; a circular line of four black dots on costa at J, before median, and on median and sub- median veins, an oblique line of four black dots from | costa to submedian vein, a prominent rhomboidal discal spot between the 2nd and 3rd, a circular line of six or seven black dots on veins from opposite costa at f to near hindmargin at f ; the orange-red sufi*usiou forming an irregular boundary line across the wing at f and there becoming darker red interspersed with black, beyond it a very light cream-coloured band with terminal line of black dots, and contrasting in colour with the cilia, which are dark red, shading on either border to ochreous-red. Hindwings creamy- white, shaded with smoky-grey towards hindmargin ; cilia white. Frankston, near Melbourne ; on Casuarina flowers at dusk, March and April, 1886. Family POLYDESMID/E. Pantydia capistrata, sp.nov. (J9- 43-48 mm. Head drab-grey. Palpi dark grey. Antennae drab-grey. Thorax blue or iron-grey, sparingly dusted with black, and with a rich black velvety collar. Abdomen blue or iron-grey, freely covered anteriorly with fringing drab-grey hairs. Forewings with costa gently rounded, hindmargin rounded narrowly scalloped, 144 DESCRIPTIONS OF NliVV AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA, blue or iron-grey freely dusted with black ; a ligliter discal shade at ^ approaching costa, more or less conspicuous ; in some speci- mens a small velvety black dot at J near inner margin ; a fine ochreous line 4 costa to f inner margin, bordered anteriorly by a smoke-coloured band shading into groundcolour, and bounded posteriorly by a reddish band, in a few specimens conspicuously spotted with black ; a narrowly scalloped ochreous terminal line bordered with black and smoky-grey : cilia drab-grey, bordered with smoky-grey. Hindwings reddish-fuscous, with a lighter diffused band at § dividing off a smoky-black hind border ; cilia reddish-fuscous, faintly lined with grey. Brisbane. Allied to P. Diemenij Gn., but larger, less variable, with fewer markings, and easily known by the rich black collar. Family PALINDIID^. HOMODES VIOLACEA, sp.nOV. ^. 14 mm. Head and thorax creamy-grey tinted with a violet hue. Palpi fuscous. Antennae ochreous-grey. Abdomen creamy- grey anteriorly tinted with violet, posterior segments broadly based with fuscous-grey. Forewings triangular, broadly dilate, costa nearly straight, hindmargin slightly scalloped before middle, pro- minently rounded beyond middle and thence obliquely straight to anal angle ; creamy-grey with darker shades and markings of grey, and tinted with a violet hue ; costal and hindmarginal line continuous, deep fuscous-red; a dot at \ costa, and anotlier imme- diately beyond darker grey ; a median diffused grey fascia with its anterior border darker fuscous-grey, with a black discal spot, and with its posterior border edged by a sinuous denticulate fuscous-grey line suffusing into a creamy-violet hue ; a suffused blotch of grey at J and a second larger suffused blotch at anal angle of hindmargin : cilia fuscous-red. Hindwings as forewings, with a fuscous-grey fascia from before J costa to J inner margin, divided into two lines in costal half by i)atch of groundcolour ; a second linear denticulate fascia from | costa to § inner margin ; a BY THOMAS P. LUCAS. 145 faint line immediately beyond, and a diflfused hindmarginal fascia of same colour ; hindmarginal line and cilia as forewings. Brisbane ; one specimen at light. This is allied to H. ohlatoria, Walk. HOMODES OBLATORIA, Walk. The larva of this offers a curious example of mimicry. Seen on the fence feeding, it appears like that of lodis insperata, Walk., or /. piiet^oides, Walk. It has a number of flattened out projections spreading out from each side of the back, of various shades of green and grey. On touching the larva these collapse, being only appendages of lichen and spores glued on to the creature's skin in a tower-built fashion. The larva is yellowish-green and simulates a Pyrale larva in appearance. The lichen cannot be detached at the skin. The chrysalis is spun in an eggcup-shaped cocoon of lichen. Feeds on lichen. Brisbane. Family HEMICERID^. Westermannia ocellata, sp.nov. (J9. 22-26 mm. Head ashy-grey, sprinkled with dark fuscous, face fuscous. Palpi fuscous. Antennae fuscous, becoming white at the base. Thorax ashy-grey, sprinkled freely with fuscous. Abdomen light fuscous-ochreous. Forewings with costa nearly straight, hindmargin gently rounded, ashy-grey irrorated with various shades of grey, fuscous and ferrous scales ; three fuscous black stripes on costa, at f , J and |^, the latter diffused ; an indis- tinct wavy line from first costal stripe passes obliquely to middle of wing at J where it is recurved almost at a right angle to ^ inner margin, a more distinct line, interruptedly black, from second costal stripe, runs obliquely half way to hindmargin, is there parallel with second fourth of hindmargin and then is sinuated along and below median fold to a point opposite first line, thence sharply to inner margin at f , the space enclosed by the inner half of these two lines deeply coloured with fuscous and black, forming a conspicuous blotch on hindmargin, finely outlined by black, 10 146 DESCRIPTIONS OP NEW AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA, bordered with grey-white ; a grey denticulate inconspicuous fascia more or less diffused between this and the hindmargin, and an interrupted hindmarginal line of black dots : cilia fuscous, banded with darker fuscous. Hindwings light fuscous-ochreous, with a diffused dark fuscous hindmarginal border ; cilia ochreous, barred with fuscous. Brisbane; rare. Family GONOPTERIDJE. Anomis (Gonitis) definata, sp.nov. ^Q. 28-30 mm. Head, palpi, antennae, thorax and abdomen ochreous-drab. Forewings with costa wavy, apex rounded, acute, hindmargin sinuous, produced to angular projection in middle, light ochreous-drab, with dark fuscous lines, and dusted with dark specks, and crossed by numerous short dark strigulse ; a short line close to base ; a 2nd line from 4 costa, obliquely to J median vein, thence at an angle to J inner margin ; a third line from beyond J costa extends to median vein ; a fourth line from f costa obliquely for a short distance, then bows outward rounding to median vein and thence straight to § inner margin ; a fifth line from J costa runs parallel with hindmargin to J inner margin, and is diffused anteriorly with fuscous shading into ground colour; a dark hindmarginal line : cilia ochreous, fuscous at base. Hindwings reddish-ochreous, lighter ochreous towards base, a dark hind- marginal line ; cilia creamy-ochreous. Geraldton ; (Messrs. Meek and Barnard). Allied to A. dyima, Meyr., but differs in colour and markings, and has 4th line bowed and straight, which in A. dyima is like ah. Family CATEPHIID.E. Melipotis collustrans, sp.nov. (J9' 36(^-48^ mm. Head fuscous more or less mottled with darker fuscous and drab. Palpi with second joint squamose, fuscous barred with ocbreous-grey, third joint bar-like, lighter fuscous, with two bands of fuscous-grey. Antennae fuscous, finely i BY THOMAS P. LUCAS. 147 annulated with fuscous-drab in (J, scarcely perceptible in 9. Thorax rich fuscous mottled with ochreous and fuscous-grey, darker on sides than on dorsum. AVtdomen rich fuscous, basal segment covered with fringe of black, three or four segments fringed with fine whitish hairs. Legs with the femora pilose, ochreous-fuscous, the tibiae laxly clothed, fuscous-black, the tarsi fuscous-black tipped at each joint with ochreous-fuscous. Fore- wings with costa nearly straight, hindmargin rounded, ochreous- fuscous mottled with shades of fuscous and black, costa irrorated more or less with ochreous lines and black, a rich black angular curved line at base half across wing, a second from J costa to vein 1 opposite to J inner margin, thrice dentate, space enclosed betw^een this and basal line more or less filled with rich black, dashed with fuscous and ochreous ; a third black sinuous denticu- late circular line from 4 costa running for | parallel to hindmargin, curving outward toward anal angle to vein 1, and again obliquely turning to f inner margin; the space between this and the 2nd line more ochreous in ^, a black triangle in the centre across vein 2, giving oflf an arm on either side quickly becoming inconspicuous, an ill-defined reniform spot on basal or anterior arm ; a fourth line from apex running obliquely for ^o of wing and then parallel to hindmargin, sharply turning to anal angle, ochreous bordered on either side with black, and in some specimens shot with blue, the space between this and the third line in some specimens mottled with black, a darker lunar patch filling the costal third, and a short black line running along the centre, a blue shading, in others a whitish shading on outer | of inner margin ; in the 9 the space beyond the fourth line, the hindmarginal \ and inner marginal \ ochreous-fuscous, the remainder of the costal portion of the wing almost covered with black : cilia fuscous-black. Hind- wings black, with ochreous-fuscous towards base, an oval white blotch in centre of wing, a narrow white band just before apex, and another just before anal angle of hindmargin ; cilia black, white or fuscous-grey. Geraldton (Messrs. Meek and Barnard). Allied to M. pannosa^ Moore. 148 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA, Family OPHIDERID^. Othreis (Ophideres) iridescens, sp.nov. (J. 65 mm. Crown of head golden-yellow, forehead purple- fuscous, face vermilion-orange. Palpi with second joint squamose, orange-yellow on inner side, purplish-fuscous on outer side, with a line of blue in centre, and narrowly bordered with fuscous-yellow at base ; third joint narrowly club-shaped, fuscous, club fuscous- black tipped with yellow. Antennre fuscous-grey. Thorax fuscous, with a yellow collar, divided into three by a vermilion band, narrowed on dorsum, posteriorly orange-yellow. Abdomen yellow, with long orange hairs, caudal segment fuscous-black, lighter at tip. Legs fuscous, anterior tibiae with a rich yellow dot near centre, and with long fuscous and yellow hairs. Forewings tri- angular, costa rounded, hindmargin gently and obliquely rounded, inner margin sinuous; fuscous with lighter and darker shades and marblings, tinted with blue-grey and ochreous, and pencilled with lines of darker fuscous ; a rich chocolate band from costa just beyond base to vein 1, a second like band from J costa to vein 1 at J, bordered posteriorly by an ochreous-fuscous line, a 3rd line less conspicuous from before |- costa to near inner margin at f ; a discoidal oval blotch having anterior half fuscous edged with fuscous-black, and posterior half ochreous-fuscous, suffused pos- teriorly into groundcolour ; a light ochreous-fuscous line from f costa, parallel to hindmargin for ^ distance, where it curves inward to vein 2, and thence is bent obliquely to inner border at J, broadly dilate at costa and narrowing to inner margin, bordered posteriorly with a line of rich black ; a broad hindmarginal band of blue-grey narrowing to anal angle, diffused with ochreous on anterior border, and subtended by a fuscous band § toward hind- margin : cilia blue-grey. Hindwings orange-red, with a deep rich black border, half the depth of wing on costa and narrowing to a point on anal angle ; cilia grey-black. Geraldton (Messrs. Meek and Barnard). BY THOMAS P. LUCAS. 149 Rhytia (Ophideres) crepidolata, sp.nov. (J. 60 mm. Head ochreous, forehead with slaty -grey tuft. Palpi slaty-grey, 2nd joint with greyish-ochreous lines on outer and inner sides, third joint with broad clavate tufted top tipped with black. Antennae ochreous-fuscous. Thorax with anterior part and patagia ashy-grey, posterior portion darker grey mixed with black. Abdomen yellow or brick colour, caudal appendage black. Legs olive-fuscous, anterior tibiae with a white dot on upper surface and a pad of hairs ou undersurface, orange at root, olive-fuscous in spread out pad. Forewings with costa rounded, a{)ex acute, hindmargin rounded, convex, inner margin rounded in a prominent projection on basal f ; green-bronze, correlated with creamy-ochreous, and crossed by numerous sinuous dark bronzy-green lines ; a dark line from ^ costa to just before ^ inner margin, bordered posteriorly by a creamy-ochreous line suffused in a light lunar patch ; a median bronzy-green fascia suffused on anterior border into the light lunar patch, })Osterior border from ^ costa obliquely to middle of wing, thence at an angle to inner margin at J, bordered by a suffusion of creamy-ochreous, shaded on costal portion by light bronzy-green ; a diffused bronzy-green fascia with anterior border sharply defined from f inner margin obliquely toward apex but rounded just before costa to f costa, posterior border less sharply defined from apex, indistinctly parallel with hindborder to anal angle, more or less shaded on inner portion into ochreous or creamy- grey, a patch of bronzy-green on hindmargin, diffused into a line at f : cilia grey tinted with bronze. Hindwings yellow or brick colour with a deep black border, f depth of costa sinuous and irregularly and slightly prolonged at points on anterior border narrowing to one-third the depth at anal angle; a white cilial row of lunular spots. Geraldton (Messrs. Meek and Barnard). Allied to E. Hypermnestra, Cramer. 150 DESCRIPTIOXS OF NEW AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOrXERA. Family HOMOPTERID-E. GiRPA (HULODES) INAN-GULATA, Gd. Queensland generally. GiRPA (HuLODES) ERIOPHORA. Gn. GeraldtX)n (Messrs. Meek and Barnard i. GiRPA (HCLODES) PERTENDEXS. Walk. Queensland generally. GiRPA (HULODES) FRATERNA. Moore. Geraldton (Messrs. Meek and Barnard). I believe the above to be varieties of one species. The wh^.le occurring in Queensland as in India seems to confirm this opinion, while in a large number we meet with every intermediate form. If this view be correct, all the species except G. inangulata, Gn., must drop. AXODAPHA BOARMOIDES, Gn. Brisbane ; also in Ceylon. Family PHYLLODID.i]. Agonista Meekii, sp.nov. rj^. 50-58 mm. Head, antennae, palpi, thorax and abdomen ochreous-fuscous or fusco as-drab. Forewings triangular, broadly dilate, costa straight, apical third rounded, apex acute, hindmargin obliquely rounded, fusc-ous-drab, cinereous-drab or ochreous-fuscous, thickly dusted with black : a black fascia diflPused like an ink-blot from 5 costa to \ inner margin, a second immediately beyond, a third extending as a diffused smoky-fuscous band from costa at f to |- to inner margin, from f to anal angle, with three or four darker bands cro.ssing : a fourth and dark black linear straight BY THOMAS P. LUCAS, 151 band from 4 costa to j ust before anal angle on inner margin, bordered with ochreous on anterior border and smoky diffusion on posterior border ; two ochreous dots near base and a Vjlack dot at f of vein 6, a series of black dots along vein 2, in some specimens a smoky diffusion at apex, with a black patch against -ith band .^nd diffused patches along same band near inner margin; a lighter space beyond this leaves a lunular-shaped hindmarginal dark fascia ; the ^ almost without markings except the fourth band which is more ochreous or fuscous, and the veins which are ochreous ; a hind- marginal row of black dots : cilia ochreous-fuscous. Hind wings as forewings, with a black fascia at ^, and a broad diffused smoky fascia separated by a lighter ochreous-fuscous space immediately beyond ; a line of hindmarginal dots and cilia as in forewings. Markings lighter in 9- Geraldton (Messrs. Meek and Barnard). Allied to Agonista reducens, Walker. This species is very variable, but evidently 'all the specimens belong to one with two or three marked variations. Family DYSGOXIID.E. Thyas regia, sp.nov. (J9. 75-80 mm. Head and thorax chocolate-fuscous. Palpi stout, reddish-fuscous, third joint in ^ thick, in 9 long and rod- like. Antennae light fuscous, reddish-ochreous on underside, ciliated in (J. Abdomen orange-red, shaded with fuscous ante- riorly. Forewings elongate-triangular, costa gently rounded toward apex, hindmargin waved, convex : dark fuscous with fine black, grey and blue-grey scales, the latter predominating in 9 ; a sinuous blue-grey line from 4 costa to f inner margin, with a line running from it along submedian to near base, and giving a branch to costa just beyond base ; this line in ^ marked with black ; a reniform spot at ^, divided into a costal elongate spot, and a rounded inner circle, blue-grey in 9, black in ^ ; a deep black fascial line from i costa to | inner margin, in O tinted with 152 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA, grey-blue on anterior border, and suflfused into groundcolour posteriorly ; a suffused waved sinuous linear fascia from costa just before apex, to anal angle, concave in centre : cilia black tinted with fuscous-grey. Hindwings orange-red, with a black hindmarginal border, irregular and prolonged along veins on anterior border, suffused with orange- red on posterior border, and toward | of hindmargin, where the black tint is diffused along submedian vein to near base ; cilia orange-red varied with black and grey. Geraldton, Johnson River (Messrs. Meek and Barnard). Allied to T. coronata, Fabr. Family THERMESIID^. Sympis Parkeri, sp.nov. (J9. 38-42 ram. Head vermilion-fuscous, crown with a white or ochreous lunar mark ; face variegated with white. Palpi fuscous, variegated with white or ochreous. Antennae fuscous, whiter toward extremity. Thorax vermilion-fuscous. Abdomen fuscous or fuscous-grey, segments bordered with lighter grey. Forewings elongate-triangular, costa slightly waved, hindmargin nearly straight, vermilion with fuscous tint, and shaded by fuscous and lines of darker fuscous ; a fuscous dot at base on median, and a faint row of dots along median, a small black discal spot at |^, nearer costa ; a wavy denticulate border at f marking off the outer fuscous half of wing, crossed near its anterior border by two interrupted fine black lines, in its centre by three small vermilion dots or by four larger dots closely approximate, and by a sub- marginal white suffused line ; hindmarginal line fuscous : cilia fuscous barred with white. Hindwings vermilion or vermilion- grey at base, and banded by fuscous, by a white or bluish-grey fascia and again by darker fuscous or blue-black from within outwards, a submarginal whitish shade in middle third and a hindmarginal dark fuscous line ; cilia white on inner border, fuscous near apex, white and grey in median expanse. BY THOMAS P. LUCAS. 153 Brisbane, at Glen Retreat Orangery (Mr. Parker) ; a second taken at a lamp. Allied to aS'. ru/ibasis, Guenee, from India. SONAGARA SCITARIAj Walk. A variety of this, yet not sufficiently distinct to make into another species, was taken by Messrs. Meek and Barnard at Geraldton. Seneratia PRiECiPUA, Walk. Geraldton, Johnson River (Messrs. Meek and Barnard) ; also taken in Ceylon. Seneratia Barnardi, sp.nov. (J9. 30-33 mm. Head fuscous. Palpi fuscous, black on upper side of 2nd segment. Antennae fuscous-ochreous. Thorax fuscous, violet anteriorly, collar ochreous-fuscous. Abdomen fuscous, tinted with black, caudal appendage in ^ ochreous. Legs dark fuscous, tarsi with ochreous spots. Forewings triangular, moderately dilate, costa slightly wavy, nearly straight, hindmargin obliquely rounded, ochreous-fuscous, darkened by a tint of violet and by shadings of darker fuscous and black ; a crenate dark fuscous line from i costa to i inner margin ; a median dark fuscous fascia darkened with black, anterior border straight just before J costa to just before J iuner margin, anterior portion of fascia dark and black, posteriorly diffused to posterior border, which is a crenate circular line from |^ costa to ^ inner margin, a black discal spot near centre of fascia ; beyond this is another similar line but less conspicuous, a hindmarginal row of black dots; in some specimens the veins are ochreous-fuscous, in others darker: cilia fuscous-grey. Hindwings with colour and markings as in forewings ; 1st line obsolete, median band darker anteriorly, diffused posteriorly, 3rd line bordered by an ochreous shading, and beyond it another inconspicuous fuscous line ; cilia fuscous-grey with ochreous basal line. Geraldton, Johnson River (Messrs. Meek and Barnard). 154 DESCRIPTIONS OP NEW AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA, Differs from S. prcecipua in being only | size, and in having head and palpi fuscous to black instead of chocolate-ochreous ; the wings are blacker, and the whole insect has not the violet so diffused as in S. 2)rceci2nia, while the markings are different and less conspicuous in relief. Family ENNOMIAD^. Lagyra flaccida, sp.nov. ^. 30 mm, 9. 36-52 mm. Head, palpi, thorax, and abdomen black tinted with violet-grey. Antennae black, pectinations in ^ grey. Fore wings triangular, broadly dilate, costa rounded, apex rounded and prolonged, hindmargin deeply scooped out beneath apex, thence rounded and slightly crenulate ; violet-slate coloured and banded with black ; in ^ rather a blue-grey or a violet diffused with ochreous ; a darker broad black band at base ; a broad band immediately beyond posterior border from J costa to J inner margin, bowed in costal half ; a conspicuous broad median fascia, darker on either border, occupying the third fourth of the wing, posterior border rounded in centre, waved, a submarginal line at |- diffused with shaded black more or less to hindmargin, hind- marginal line deep black : cilia black tipped with grey or white. Hindwings with the colour, markings and fascia as in and con- tinuous with those of forewings ; cilia as in forewings. Geraldton, Johnson River (Messrs. Meek and Barnard). Allied to L. Talaca, Walk. Family EROSIIADyE. Erosia conscripta, sp.nov. (J 9. 14-16 mm. Head ochreous-grey. Palpi light fuscous- grey. Antennae silvery-grey. Thorax and abdomen light grey. Forewings broadly dilate, costa straight, apex rounded, hindmargin gently rounded, light grey, dusted with fuscous and marked with dark fuscous lines and spots; costa dotted along its entire length; a circular line of dots from J costa to J inner margin ; a second BY THOMAS P. LUCAS. 155 line from | costa arches toward hindmargin, and below median vein is angled as a fine line to a conspicuous blotch on | inner margin ; a hindmarginal band of interrupted dots and blotches is diffused into two thin lines on inner half of wing : cilia grey. Hindwings as forewings, hindmargin sharply angled below apex and before middle ; a row of dots along inner border ; a second row parallel and along submedian ; a wide V rests near costa at ^ and touches costa at f , apex being produced along median vein ; between this and anal angle a conspicuous angular blotch, and beyond it toward hindmargin an arrow-head line, subtending a crenate black hindmarginal line ; cilia as in forewings. Geraldton (Messrs. Meek and Barnard). Conspicuous by its hieroglyph on hindwings; allied to E. stoUda, Butler. Group PYRALIDIDyE, Family EPIPASCHIAD^. StERICTA iERUGINOSA, Sp.nOV. 9. 23 mm. Head, palpi and thorax coppery-green freely dotted with grey and greenish-black, thorax anteriorly tinted with copper- red. Antennae greenish-fuscous. Abdomen fuscous-grey, segments divided by copper-fuscous dorsal lines which in middle segments become broken into a central dot and suffusion on either side. Forewings oblong-obovate, costa nearly straight, apical half gently rounded, apex scarcely pointed, hindmargin gently rounded, bright copper-green freely marbled and irrorated with lighter and dark greens and shades of fuscous, and containing a large triangular patch from a base i to anal angle of inner margin to an apex at § costa of copper-red freely marbled with dark green and fuscous, veins lighter green ; a black-green dot near base, and continuous with a line of black-green dots more or less suffused, along median vein to J, thence as a shading more or less distinct along median to hindmargin ; a black-green dot at ^ costa reaching but scarcely touching median ; a black-green line from ^ costa to J inner margin, twice deeply dentated outward in costal half ; a black- green band bordering inner margin to J, thence bending at an 156 DESCRIPTIONS OP NEW AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA, obtuse angle and continued until it meets the transverse bar just before costa ; a dark green spot at § costa breaking up into two bands, the anterior reaching to f inner margin and crossed in the middle by a diffused black-green blotch bordered with copper-red, the posterior branch very denticulate, and extending to f hind- margin ; it is bordered by a light green on either side and suffused into a coppery patch at and filling the whole anal angle ; a hind- marginal row of black-green dots, barred by a shading of copper- fuscous : cilia copper-fuscous banded and barred with fuscous. Hindwings fuscous, with darker fuscous on veins and darker towards hindmargin but scarcely forming a hindmarginal band ; cilia copper-red tinted with pink and barred and banded with fuscous. Brisbane; a pair bred by Mr. lUidge in 1892. Family PYRALID^. Balanotis ferruginea, sp.nov. (J. 39 mm. Head iron-grey, eyes green, black in posterior lower third. Palpi iron-grey. Antennae grey, very finely lined with black and white, cilia grey. Thorax grey, richly variegated with white and black, three white spots on either side of central line of dorsum, collar iron-grey, a brush of long ochreous hair spreading out from underside from fore part of thorax. Abdo- men black, base variegated with white, segments narrowly and sparingly based w^th white at sides, caudal appendage ochreous, extreme point black. Legs iron-grey, tibise and tarsi lined with ochreous-white. Forewings elongate, narrowly dilate, costa slightly wavy, hindmargin rounded, fuscous, marbled with shades of fuscous-black and grey ; a black linear fascia from f costa to J inner margin ; costal half of wing for ^ of depth black ; a con- spicuous apical ])atch marbled black and fuscous; spots on inner margin and a diffused arch of spots in middle third of inner margin black and marbled with fuscous ; remainder of wing lighter, being more or less marbled with grey and white; hind- BY THOMAS P. LUCAS. 167 marginal line fuscous-ochreous : cilia fuscous-grey, with a median ochreous line, finely barred with black. Hindwings ferruginous, with a broad hindmarginal black border, narrowing acutely and sharply to a diffused line at ^ hindmargin to just before anal angle ; hindmarginal line fuscous-ochreous ; cilia as in forewings. Brisbane ; two specimens. • Syntonarcha vulnerata, sp.nov. (J9. 16-22 mm. Head light ochreous-fuscous, in some specimens ferrous-fuscous on crown. Palpi ferrous-fuscous. Antennae ochreous to ferrous-fuscous. Thorax ochreous-fuscous, in some specimens stained with ferrous-fuscous or sanguineous. Abdomen ochreous-fuscous, in some specimens ferrous-fuscous anteriorly. Forewings elongate-obovate, costa gently rounded, hindmargin rounded, thinly scaled toward inner margin, so much so as to form a conspicuous semi-hyaline arch, ochreous-fuscous ; this is arched over by a ferrous-fuscous or sanguineous band which covers basal third of inner margin, base of wing, costal band to | and thence as an oblique band to anal angle ; a very dark blotch resembling a dried blood stain from inner margin just before J, more or less obliquely to near, but not touching, costal band ; a dark blotch from anal angle more or less diffused to costa at 4 ; a small dark discal spot near costal band at | ; in some specimens the veins are dark ferrous-fuscous ; hindmarginal line ferrous-fuscous : cilia pearly-ochreous. Hindwings hyaline, with a hindmarginal narrow line of ferrous-fuscous ; cilia as in forewings. Brisbane ; at electric light ; very rare. This species is very variable, chiefly a light form and a dark form according to the development of the ferrous-fuscous scales. It has the appearance on the dark type variety of being smudged with dried up blood stains. Family HYDROCAMPID.E. Paraponyx pudica, sp.nov. (J^. 12-14 mm. Head, palpi and thorax snowy-white. An- tennae white, ochreous toward tips. Abdomen white, base of 158 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA, segments oclireous. Forewings with costa straight, rounded at base and apex, hindmargin rounded, wavy, snowy-white with ochreous-drab and fuscous lines and suffusions ; a circular line near base to near inner margin ; a second circular line from ^ costa to \ inner margin, and continuous over § hind wing ; a short oblique line from costa at J, and immediately beneath posterior end a kidney-shaped figure with a white centre and smoky-grey nucleus ; a narrow line beneath this to J inner margin and through hind wing to J inner margin ; a triangle at J costa, and a broad band immediately beneath ; beyond these posteriorly is a line of ground- white sinuous outward toward apex and inward toward inner margin, bordered anteriorly by a light-ochreous-drab line and posteriorly by a darker line, suffused in the pockets ; a parallel suffusion of ochreous-drab on hindmargin separated by a similar line of snow-white : cilia white, tinted and mixed with ochreous-drab. Hindwings as forewings, a round discal dot beyond 2nd line ; a third line dentate and denticulate ; a broad hindmarginal suffusion of ochreous-drab, with a short faint line of white along inner margin to opposite anal angle ; cilia as in forewings. Geraldton (Messrs. Meek and Barnard). Family BOTYTID.^. GlYPHODES LINE ATA, sp.nOV. (J9. 30-35 mm. Head grey, orbital rims and tongue white. Palpi black, terminal joint light grey. Antennae ochreous-grey. Thorax chocolate-fuscous, becoming chocolate-black laterally, with seven whitish-grey lines, one on dorsum and three at equal distances on either side. Abdomen chocolate-fuscous, posterior segments vermilion-red tinted with gold, five whitish-grey lines, one on dorsum and two at equal distances on either side, caudal appendage in ,5 black, anal segment of 9 vermilion-red, narrowly edged with black. Forewings elongate, moderately dilate, costa straight, apical fourth rounded, hindmargin obliquely rounded beyond centre, chocolate-fuscous tinted with velvety-black and BY THOMAS P. LUCAS. 159 interlined with vermilion-red lines bordered by rich black bands running as a rivulet in and out between and around all markings ; a circular white line from costa near base to ^ inner margin ; a second immediately beyond diffused with vermilion-red toward inner margin; a 3rd inversely circular to the 1st from J costa to ^ inner margin varying in colour from white to red ; a triangle of white with its base from j costa to immediately beyond, and reaching in (J to |, and in Q to f, across wing toward inner margin, bordered by a linear band of rich velvety chocolate-black ; a second and larger triangle of white having its base ^ to near f costa, and its apex J toward inner margin ; between the two triangles a decanter-shaped figure of black lined with blue-grey and bordered with vermilion-red, the figure and triangle being both bordered by the continuous black band ; immediately beyond 2nd triangle is a red line passing obliquely to f inner margin, bordered posteriorly with a black line edged with white on and near costa and suffused blue-grey toward inner margin ; the portion beyond this plain rich groundcolour ; an ochreous hind- marginal line : cilia black tipped with silver-grey, a patch for ^ of hindmargin just beyond anal angle silver-white. Hind wings coloured and marked as forewings, with inner margin becoming light ferruginous ; a large white triangle in middle third of costa to I toward inner margin ; two lines of white from near base on costa half-way to hindmargin, where they are diffused into groundcolour; three linear bands of vermilion-red beyond triangle, separated by rich black lining, centre line tinted with blue-grey ; a line of white immediately beyond extends through middle of wing ; a rich border of dark chocolate-black is edged with hind- marginal ochreous line; cilia as in forewings with a silver- white patch in middle third. Geraldton, Johnson River (Messrs. Meek and Barnard). DiPLOTYLA Meekii, sp.nov. (J. 19-22 mm. Head fuscous-black, orbital rims ochreous- fuscous. Palpi black. Antennae fuscous, portion beyond tuft whitish-grey. Thorax fuscous-black. Abdomen fuscous-black. 160 DESCRIPTIONS OF NKW AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA, with a small ochreous spot on prsecaudal segment, and caudal segment tipped with light ochreous. Legs fuscous-Vjlack, banded with ochreous. Forewings elongate-triangular, costa moderately sinuate, hindmargin rounded, fuscous-black ; three crenulate fuscous lines bordered with black, more or less distinctly defined, 1st at ^ costa to J inner margin, 2nd more or less interrupted, from near costa at 4 to § inner margin, 3rd from 4 costa to ^ hindmargin; a small ochreous dot beyond 1st line near costa, a larger ochreous spot on anterior border of 2nd line near costa ; a small light fuscous-ochreous dot on costa at | ; a fine hindmarginal fuscous-ochreous line : cilia black with a median fuscous-ochreous band. Hindwings as forewings, with two faintly marked fuscous- ochreous lines, the first from J costa to anal angle, the second from J costa parallel with hindmargin as far as J ; cilia as fore- wnngs. Geraldton, Johnson River (Messrs. S. Meek and Barnard). Allied to D. och^^o^ema, Meyr. Rehimena divisa, sp.nov. (^^. 19-25 mm. Head ochreous-drab, crown streaked with pale lemon. Palpi fuscous-drab. Antenna? fuscous-drab mingled with white toward base. Thorax purple-fuscous, with ochreous over collar, and a grey- white band on dorsum. Abdomen fuscous, with fuscous-grey fringing segments, anal segment tipped with ochreous. Legs purple-fuscous, banded with white. Forewings elongate, moderately dilate, costa nearly straight, hindmargin rounded, purple-fuscous, tinted toward hindmargin with drab scales ; a triangle of orange-ochreous dividing wing almost equally and bordered by a black line, posterior border sinuous and dentate ; a yellow-ochreous spot at J costa, suffused along costa into ground- colour ; this subtending a submarginal purple-black line sharply turning to hindmargin just before anal angle ; this line dividing off a hindmarginal band which is diffused with creamy-drab between veins ; a light hindmarginal fine line with a row of black dots : cilia creamy-grey. Hindwings fuscous-grey, veins darker, BY THOMAS P. LUCAS. 161 with a lighter ochreous-grey suftusion toward base ; cilia creamy- grey. Geraldton (Messrs. Meek and Barnard). Group TINEIN.E, Family XYLORYCTID^. PiLOSTIBES TECTA, Sp.nOV. (J9. 25-28 mm. Head ashy-grey, irrorated with black, face lighter grey. Palpi grey, 2nd joint thickened with dense grey and black scales. Antennae grey, annul ated with black. Thorax ashy-grey, finely irrorated with black, and with a tuft of white hairs fuscous at the base posteriorly on either side. Abdomen light fuscous, very finely irrorated with black. Forewings elongate- oblong, costa moderately arched, apex obtuse, hindmargin gently rounded, slaty-grey, becoming ashy-grey toward base and basal half of costa, finely and profusely pencilled with black, a row of conspicuous black spots on median, 1st near base, 2nd at one-third, and 3rd at two-thirds, a row of three inconspicuous black dots on costa at f, f and | : cilia slaty-grey with base having a fuscous tint. Hind wings fuscous-grey; cilia light fuscous-grey with darker basal band. Duaringa (Mr. Barnard). PiLOSTIBES STiGMATius, Meyr. Brisbane ; two specimens, beaten from trees. Cryptophaga nubila, sp.nov. (J9. 30-42 mm. Head, palpi and thorax white. Antennae white, with fuscous pectinations in (J, ciliated in Q. Legs white, posterior tarsi with base of joint black. Abdomen with a red spot on second segment bordered with white ; first segment in ^ grey, but covered with fringe, two tufts of white hairs ; in 9 segment white ; hind segments in ^ grey, thickly diffused with black and ashy-grey; in 9 light grey bordered with white. Fore- wings elongate, costa very gently rounded, hindmargin rounded, 11 162 DESCRIPTIONS OF NKW AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA, grey-white freely irrorated with smoky-black scales, veins smoky- grey ; a suffusion of smoky-black all round disc leaving disc a grey-whit« as groundcolour ; a like suffusion on inner border leaving a narrow strip of groundcolour between it and the darker area of the wing ; no distinct discal spot : cilia grey, tinted with smoky-grey. Hindwings in $ black, darker on veins, inner margin and base white ; a row of black spots on veins almost hidden by groundcolour ; in 9 hindwings white diffused with ashy-grey ; streaks of white from base in interneural spaces ; veins smoky-grey ; cilia white with a smoky line in $, in 9 divided into dots. Brisbane; reared by Mr. lllidge from larvae taken on Swamp Mahogany (Trislania suaveolens). Cryptophaga intermedia, sp.nov. (J9. 28-42 mm. Head, palpi and thorax white. Antennae in (J white, pectinations fuscous, in 9 white at base, thence finely annulated in middle and becoming black at extremities. Legs white, tarsi with black and white rings. Abdomen in (J with first segment white, 2nd dull orange-red, middle segments velvety-black edged with white, and posterior segments edged with long white hairs ; in 9 white, second segment dull orange- red. Forewings elongate, costa in $ nearly straight, in 9 rounded, milky-white, with three black spots, 1st near median at J, 2nd and 3rd at |, the costal one slightly anterior — in 9 the median portion of the wing is covered, and the dots are less easily traced, in numerous short black pencillings ; a row of black spots on apical fifth and along hindmargin : cilia white, with darker basal band. Hindwings in ^ black, darker on veins, inner border white variegated with a few grey hairs, in 9 white, veins smoky- black, and a diffusion of black along veins and over the hind- marginal area of wing, dots on hindmargin in 9 large and con- spicuous, in (J almost obscured ; cilia white with smoky band at base. Var. alha. I BY THOMAS P. LUCAS. 163 (J. Fore wings snow-white, hind wings as type. 9, Forewings snow-white with three small dots, hindwings pure white. Brisbane ; reared by Mr. Illidge from larvae taken on Tristania suaveolens. Crypto PH AG A flavicosta, sp.no v. (J9. 28-38 mm. Head ashy-grey. Palpi whitish-grey. An- tennie fuscous, becoming ashy-grey at base. Thorax slaty-grey, becoming ashy-grey anteriorly. Abdomen slaty-grey, posterior segments in ^ copper-red bordered with rich velvety-black, in 9 slaty-grey banded with narrow lines of black and fuscous-red. Legs orange-red inclining to ferrous. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa scarcely arched in ^, slightly arched in 9, apex obtuse, hindmargin slightly rounded, somewhat oblique, rich slaty- grey, becoming ashy-grey toward basal portion of costa ; an orange-red costal band, more brown-red in 9 and with a rich black velvety patch in apical angle : cilia slaty-grey, with indistinct fuscous bands. Hindwings fuscous-grey; cilia as forewings. Brisbane ; bred by Mr. Illidge in Nov., 1892, from Eucalyptus eugenioides and E. corymbosa. Cryptophaga porphyrinella. Walk. Brisbane ; bred from Exocarpus Cunniiighami (?) Cryptophaga ecclesiastis, Meyr. Brisbane ; bred by Mr. Illidge from Eucalyptus corymhosa. Xyloricta tinctoria, sp.nov. (J9. 24-26 mm. Head, thorax and abdomen creamy-grey ; thorax darker posteriorly. Palpi and antennae light ochreous- fiiscous. Forewings creamy-white, costa light, a patch near base reddish-grey, a patch on inner margin in 2nd and 3rd fourth ferruginous-red, more or less suffused or tinted into groundcolour 1G4 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA, toward costa at apex ; a tine inconspicuous line at j : cilia dark grey. Hind wings creamy-white ; cilia light grey. Brisbane ; one specimen taken at light in 1891 ; Dr. Turner has this year beaten five or six specimens from Eugenia^ on the stems of which it probably feeds. Xylorycta stercorata, sp.no v. (J. 30 mm. Head and palpi white. Antennae white at base, becoming greyer toward apex. Thorax white, with a conspicuous dorsal patch of fuscous, varied by shades of purplish-grey, white and fuscous and spreading laterally posteriorly. Abdomen white, 2nd segment reddish-fuscous and loosely covered with white hairs. Legs white. Forewings elongate, gently dilate, costa gently rounded, hindmargin nearly straight ; white, with a number of pale leaden-coloured spots imitative of birds' droppings ; an acute spot in centre and a splash tinted with ferrous in inner angle of base \ a triangular blotch at f costa ; five round spots, 1st near costa at J, 2nd obliquely to 1st and posterior, 3rd before middle in centre of wing, 4th at f of wing, 5th in a line with 4th but nearer to costa ; two sharp dots arranged diagonally with 1st and 2nd spots ; four dots forming a rhomboid figure at i, the two hinder ones tinted with purplish-black ; an obscure dot on hind- margin at f , and another half-way between this and apex ; three rows of fine hindmarginal spots : cilia white. Hindwings and cilia white. Brisbane ; bred from ElcHocarinis ohovatus : also one specimen at light. As this species rests closed up on the leaf, it looks exactly like a bird's dropping. Maroga undosa, sp.nov. ^$. 30-36 mm. Head and thorax light slaty-grey, in 9 tinted with copper colour. Palpi black, tipped with white. Antennae black in basal third, black and white annuiated in middle, and white in apical third. Legs black, anterior coxce snow-white, posterior pair copper-coloured. Forewings elongate, gently dilate. BY THOMAS P. LUCAS. 165 costa in ^ prominently bowed at ^, in 9 more arched, scooped out before apex, apex produced and rounded, hindmargin scooped under apex, rounded in anal half; in (J light greenish-copper, with a median irregular band, and a suti'used anal hindmarginal patch tinted with creamy-ochreous ; in 9 with a groundcolotir of copper shaded on borders with fuscous ; a black discoidal spot at § close to median ; a dark fuscous line of shading on apex and apical half of hindborder, and a thin fuscous line along middle f of inner border : cilia dark fuscous in apical half, light ochreous in anal half. Hindwings reddish or coppery-fuscous ; cilia coppery- red, fuscous on apical fourth. Brisbane ; three specimens reared by Mr. lUidge. Catoryctis nonolinea, sp.no v. J'. 14 mm. Head whitish-ochreous. Palpi ochreous, terminal joint tinted with fuscous. Antennse white annulated with fuscous. Thorax whitish-ochreous, with a faint fuscous line laterally and posteriorly. Abdomen light fuscous-ochreous. Forewings elon- gate, costa gently arched^ apex obtuse, hindmargin oblique, rich chocolate-fuscous with ochreous-sil very lines; a slender attenuated streak immediately beneath costa from base to f, a thin line immediately beneath this at J running obliquely to f costa, two short thin lines immediately beyond this and parallel, a short arrow-head line immediately beyond broadening in apical angle to apex, with a tendency to divide at apex, a moderately broad straight line from just before middle of wing to J hindmargin, with a tendency to divide before hindmargin, a narrower line immediately beneath and parallel to this imperfectly divided on hindmargin, a moderately broad streak from inner margin at base to anal angle, with a similar line parallel and close to inner margin : cilia light fuscous with base more or less ochreous. Hindwings light shining ochreous, with a fuscous cloudy suffusion at apical angle narrowing to a point opposite middle of hind- margin ; cilia ochreous. Brisbane (Mr. Illidge) ; taken on Casuarina suberosa. Near to G. suhnexella, Walk. 166 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA. Catoryctis mediolinea, sp.nov. (J. 22 mm. Head and palpi vvhitish-ochreous. Aotennse finely white and black annulated. Thorax ochreous, white on dorsum. Abdomen ochreous. Forewings with costa rounded, whitish- ochreous with fuscous bands on veins ; a broad median snow- white band from base narrowing sharply to a point at f : cilia ochreous. Hind wings light ochreous ; cilia ochreous. Brisbane (Mr. Illidge). 167 SOME NEW SOUTH WALES PLANTS ILLUSTRATED. By R. T. Baker, Assistant Curator, Technological Museum, Sydney. (Plate V.) No. V. Angophora subvelutina, F.v.M. " A tree attaining a considerable size, with a rough persistent bark as in ^. intermedia, of vjhich F. v. Mueller notv thinks it may he a variety. Foliage and young shoots glaucous or raimUely pubescent, with often a few bristles on the flowering branches and inflorescence. Leaves sessile or nearly so, ovate or ovate-lanceo- late, mostly acute, all (excepting rarely the upper ones) cordate at the base with rounded auricles as in A. cordifolia, 2 to 4 in. long, the veins numerous, but not usually so much so nor so fine as in ^. intermedia. Flowers small, in loose corymbs, precisely as in A. intermedia. Fruiting calyxes 3 to 4 lines in diameter." (B.Fl. iii. p. 184.) The object in studying this species was to see if additional research would throw any further light on its relative position, — whether the examination of complete material would add any- thing in favour of its specific rank ; or if it might prove to be only a variety of its congener A. intermedia, as surmised by Baron von Mueller and mentioned en passant by Bentham. Of all the leaves examined, the shape and venation were in every case quite different from A. intermedia. The inflorescence seemed invariably pubescent, although Baron von Mueller's speci- mens were minutely so, while that of A. intermedia was found in the many specimens examined to be consistently glabrous. Besides the points noted above, A. subvelutina differs from A. intermedia in having two forms of leaves — sessile cordate and petiolate ovate-lanceolate — and both occurring on the same tree, a characteristic feature not previously recorded, I believe. 168 SOME NEW SOUTH WALES PLANTS ILLUSTRATED. The seed now depicted for the first time accords in every point with the generic description of Bentliam. Localities. — Richmond, Grose River, Booral ; northward to Richmond River, southward to Twofold Bay. EXPLANATION OF PLATE V. Fig. \. — Flowering specimen (uat. size). Fig. 2. — Section of flower (enlarged). Fig. 3. — Front and back views of a stamen (enlarged). Fig. 4. — Fruit capsule, also in section and showing valves (nat. size). Fig. 5. — Seed (nat. size). 169 THE SILURIAN TRILOBITES OF NEW SOUTH WALES, WITH REFERENCES TO THOSE OF OTHER PARTS OF AUSTRALIA. By R. Etheridge, Junr,, Paleontologist to the Australl\n Museum, and Oeological Survey of N. S. Wales, and John Mitchell, Public School, Narellan. Part IT. — The Genera Proetus and Cyphaspis. (Plates vi.-vii.) Genus Proetus (continued). Since the appearance of our first paper"^ on the Silurian Trilo- bites of N. S. Wales, certain disjointed pygidia, glabella, and other portions of cephalic-shields have attracted attention in the Australian Museum Collection. These are from the black Cave Limestone, of Cave Flat, Murrumbidgee, and were collected by Mr. Charles Jenkins, L.S. Although not sufficiently complete to enable us to give a detailed description, or to warrant the proposal of a specific name, they yet appear distinct from either of those characteristic of the Bowning Series, and are of interest as showing the existence of Proetus at a higher stratigraphical horizon than previously surmised. The fossils in question consist of portions of glabellse, pygidia, and a free cheek or two. On the glabella the edge of the limb is very finely concentrically lined, and the surface of the glabella itself minutely granular. The pygidum has a pronounced axis of seven rings, each bearing a row of tubercles. The pleuro3 consist of four or five coalesced segments. * P.L.S.N.S.W. 1892, vi. (2), pt. iii. p. 311, t. 25. 170 THE SILURIAN TRILOBITES OF NEW SOUTH WALES, Genus Cyphaspis, Burmeister, 1843. (Organ, der Trilob. p. 103.) Cyphaspis bowningensis, Mitchell (PI. vi. figs. 3, Za-h ; PI. vii. figs. ?>i-k). Cyphasjns bowningensis, Mitchell, P.L.S.N.S.W. 1888, ii. pt. iii. p. 418, t. 16, f. 3. Sp. Char. — Body oval. Cephalic-shield subsemicircular, strongly inflated ; limb wide with thickened margin, usually abiuptly deflected ; glabella pyriform or including the circumscribed lobes suboblong, tumid, granulated distinctly ; glabellar furrows in many specimens not visible, but in some the two anterior ones are present, and are short and faint ; axial furrows distinct and continuous anteriorly round the front of the glabella ; circum- scribed lobes separated from the glabella by deeply incised furrows, ovate or obpyriform, prominent, inflated ; fixed cheeks tumid, granulated ; eye lobes in flattened specimens large ; free cheeks moderately large, strongly inflated towards the eye, no granulation observed ; genal angles produced into spines reaching to and including the sixth segment of the thorax, and curving out from the body ; facial sutures anteriorly weakly directed outwards till reaching the thickened edge, then sharply incurved, passing out in a line with the inner side of the eyes, posteriorly sharply curving outwards, cutting the posterior margin of the side lobes at their extremities ; eyes subcrescentic or subreniform, large, facets not observed; neck furrow distinct, continuous across side lobes; neck ring robust, arched, posterior facet strongly granulated; central granule most robust. Thorax consisting of twelve segments ; axis strongly arched, width equal to that of pleurae; posterior facet of each segment carrying a row of granules similar to that of the neck ring, gradually diminishing distally, sixth segment bearing a large dorsal spine extending to the extremity of the pygidium ; pleurae grooved, grooves terminating just short of their extremities, abruptly depressed from fulcra, posterior facets carrying a row of granules, distal ends of pleurae rounded, BY R. ETHERIDGE, JUN., AND JOHN MITCHELL. 171 sutures straight. Pygidmm subtriaiigular, small, anterior margin straight and twice as long as axial length of the pygidium ; axis prominent, reaching to the posterior margin, subtruncate, divided into three segments ; pleurse composed of two coalesced segments, moderately inflated, margin narrow and thickened, no striation visible. Obs. — Since the description of this species by one of us, a large addition has been made to our material, which enables us to give fuller specific details. One important feature possessed by some of the specimens, and not present on the original example, is the presence of a large dorsal spine. Different specimens of the head shield show variations in the width of the limb, size of the eye lobe, distinctness and presence of glabellar furrows, and apparent shape of the eye ; but all these differences we conclude to be insufficient to establish more than one species. Most of the variations may arise from compression, and the oval impression left in some cases where the eye has been broken off are treated as accidental. As we are unable to observe any marked differences between the cephalic shields of those specimens with dorsal spines, and those without that appendage, it has struck us that this feature may be no more than a sexual characteristic. C. howningeyisis is closely allied to G. Burmeisteri, Barr.,"^ but is longer in proportion to its wddth, and seems to have a much more attenuated pygidium and thoracic axis. In addition there is the possibility of glabellar furrows. In dealing with small and often ill-preserved remains such as these, it is sometimes difficult to be certain what is pure structure or what may be the result of pressure. If the apparent glabellar grooves sometimes observable in C. bowningensis, such as are shown in PL vi. fig. 3/-g, be truly of that nature, they would tend to place the species near the genus PhcBtonides, Angelin.f The ovate character of the entire test is one in which notably the present species and also our C. Horani, agree with several American s[)ecies of the Hamilton Group. * Syst. Sil. Boheiiie, 1852, 1. p. 484, t. 18, f. 61-71. t See Hall, Pal. New York, 1888, vii. p. xlv. 172 THE SILURIAN TRILOBITES OF NEW SOUTH AVALES, We have not noticed any trace of fimbriate pygidia in any Australian Gyjihasins. Log. and Horizon. — Downing, Co. Harden — Upper and Middle Trilobite beds; Limestone Creek, near Bowning, Co. Harden — Middle Trilobite bed, Bowning Series (? Wenlock) (Coll. Mit- chell). The majority of the specimens figured are from the Upper Trilo- bite bed, but many cephalic-shields, two of which are figured, were obtained from the Middle Trilobite bed (PI. vi. fig. 3/i, 3j). The latter we are not able to separate from those of the former ; and therefore, like Froetus howningensis and Acidaspis longispinis, this species was one of the most persistent Trilobites of that geological age. Cyphaspis yassexsis, sp.7iov. (PL VI. figs. 1, \a-d). Sp. Char. — Entire body unknown. Cephalic-shield semicircular, with a wide somew^iat concave limb, the edge reflected upwards and thickened; glabella pyriform, arched in the middle line, narrowing rapidly towards the posterior, with a wide anterior border, axial furrows very marked towards the front, less so in the middle of their course and behind ; first pair of glabellar furrows somewhat indicated by a slight lateral compression on each side of the glabella ; circumscribed lobes small, oval ; facial sutures anterior to the eyes gently directed outwards, curving inw^ards along the limb and cutting it nearly in lines opposite the original point of departure from the eyes, posterior to the eyes very short, cutting the hinder margin of the cephalic-shield close to the glabella ; neck furrow moderately distinct, depressed on each side; fixed cheeks small; eyes large, reniform, and faceted; eye lobes moderately large, semicircular; free cheeks large, very tumid towards the eyes ; genal angles produced into comparatively large and gently incurved spines, their limbs striated ; supposed audi- tory organs situated between the front margin of the glabella and the facial sutures. Thorax only known by disjointed segments, but with a very prominent axis ; pleurae distinctly furrowed, the BY R. ETHERIDGE, JUN., AND JOHN MITCHELL. 173 fuirows terminating just short of tlie distal ends, which are rounded. Pygidium semielliptical ; axis distinct, terminating below in a tolerably sharp apex ; first three segments distinct, others less so, the last two or three becoming very faint ; pleurje of five coalesced segments, the anterior pair perceptibly furrowed, the second and third pairs faintly so ; they terminate at the margin ; limb striate. Ohs. — Cyphasjns yassensis is remarkable in possessing features that distinguish several genera of Proetida3. Its wide limb, and particularly the wide anterior glabellar border, relate it to Arethusina ; its pyriform and tumid glabella allies it as strongly to Cyphasjyis ; whilst, on the other hand, the proximity of the eyes to the glabella and the small fixed cheeks are characteristic of Froetus. The ])ygidium also approaches the latter type ; but even the glabella is narrower and more pyriform than in generally seen in Cyphasins. The glabellar furrows are as a rule not observable, but in one fairly well preserved head-shield all three pairs are faintly visible. Amongst Australian Trilobites this species is the only one in which the supposed auditory organs have been observed, and on that account is of more than ordinary interest. The occurrence of these pores, usually one on each side of the glabella, either in the axial grooves or at any rate close to them, has been noticed in several genera by various writers. The question has been summed up by Dr. H. Woodward, "^^ who after instituting a com- parison with the living genus SeroUs, believes that the pores in question may represent either a simple eye, a tympanum, or an olfactory organ; but it is still an open question which of the three is the most probable. Such pores have been seen in the genera Trinucleus, Ampyx, Griffithides, Phillipysia, Acidaspis, Calymene, Cheirurics, and to these we can now add Cyp)has2ns. In our Trilobite the pores, or, from our specimens being denuded of the test, papillae, are not situated in the facial sutures, but between them and the front rounded border of the glabella. * Moil. Brit. Carb. Trilobites (Pal. Soc), 1884, pt. 2. 17^ THE SILURIAN TR[L013ITES OF NEW SOUTH WALES, Cyphaspis yassensis is also remarkable for the great lateral expansion of the ceplialic-siiield, as compared with the central portion or glabella. This, with the general contour and the wide anterior glabellar border (limb), strongly reminds us of the genus Arethicsina. Loc. and Horizon. — Belle Vale, between Bowning and Yass, and at Bowning, Co. Harden — Lower Trilobite bed, Bowning Series (? Wenlock) (ColL Mitchell). Cyphaspis Horani, sp.nov. (PI. vii. figs. 4, ia-c). Sp. Char. — Body oval. Cephalic-shield subsemicircular, highly inflated ; limb wide, divided into two almost equal parts, of which that immediately in front of the glabella is subtumid and conspicu- ously granulated, anterior part concave, edge thickened and bearing a row of granules, subcrenated ; glabella ovoid or elliptical, very tumid, highly granulated, glabellar grooves not present, axial furrows deep and continuous in front ; circumscribed lobes small, narrow and elongate, close to and somewhat under the sides of the glabella; fixed cheeks fairly large, very tumid centrally, granu- lated, the posterior granule largest ; eye lobes large, suboblong- semicircular ; free cheeks very inflated, the inflated portion ornamented with several rows of slightly oblique granules, and subcrenulated, margin thickened; genal angles continued into long slender falcate spines embracing and apparently reaching to or near the extremity of the thorax ; eyes small, suboval or sub- circular, in some specimens very prominent, facets not observed ; facial sutures anteriorly comparatively straight, incurving on edge of limb a short distance before passing out, posteriorly sharply curved outwards and cutting the posterior margin of the shield at the extremities of the side lobes; neck furrow deep, wide, strongly arched backward, interrupted by circumscribed lobes and continuing much less conspicuously across lateral lobes; neck ring prominent, intensely arched backward, bearing a row of granules of which the central one is most conspicuous. Thorax consisting of ten segments, length equal to width, apparently highly granulate ; axis prominent, proximal portion for six seg- BY R. ETHERIDGE. JUN., AND JOHN MITCHELL. 175 ments equal in width to side lobes, from sixth segment diminishing gradually, well preserved specimens with a row of three or more granules on each segment, no dorsal spine observed ; pleurae straight and fiat to fulcrum, distal ends sharply deflected and slightly separated, deeply grooved, grooves terminating short of the extremities, the posterior facets of each pleura with a row of granules, of which that on the fulcrum is most prominent and persistent, appearing on the pleurae of the pygidium also, axial furows conspicuous. Pygidmm small, strongly granulated ; axis small, consisting apparently of three segments, divisions of the pleurae the same, axial furrows distinct; margin thickened. Ohs. — This is rather a minute Trilobite, the largest of our specimens not exceeding three-eighths of an inch, and it is diffi- cult to determine the exact number of thoracic segments ] but we believe ten to be correct. The distinctive features of this species are its ovoid and tumid glabella, very tumid cheeks, granulated ornamentation of the whole test and particularly of the glabella and free cheeks, small eyes, flatness of the pleurae between their proximal ends and the fulcrum, and their shortness from the fulcrum to the distal ends. It differs so widely from the other species described in the present paper that comparison is unnecessary. In some specimens the granules of the glabella are arranged in tolerably regular longitudinal rows, in others this is not so con- spicuous. The normal shape of the eyes we believe to be round or subconical ; but our specimens show them of various shapes. In the larval form the eye is very small, and the specimens are almost invariably in a rolled state. This very peculiar form of Cyphaspis is allied to C. cerberics, Barr.,* and C. Davidsoni, Barr.,f by reason of its subcrenate anterior cephalic border, but in both the species named tlie border becomes absolutely serrate, while our best preserved speci- mens are only faintly so. Still more closely resembling our * Syst. Sil. Boheme, 1852, I. p. 489, t. 18, f. 49-51. t Syst. Sil. Boheme, 1852, I. p. 489, t. 18, f. 54-56. 176 THE SILURIAN TRILOBITES OF NEW SOUTH WALES, species is C. ornata, Hall,* from the Hamilton Group of New York State, in which the thickened edge of the pustulose anterior border is granular-crenate without being fimbriate. We have named the species after Mr. Joseph Horan, who has been the companion of one of us on many pleasant excursions. Loc. (& Horizon. — Bowning Creek, Bowning, Co. Harden — Lower Trilobite bed; Belle Vale, near Bowning, in the Lower Trilobite bed ; and on Great Southern Road near cemetery, Bowning— Middle Trilobite bed, Bowning Series C? Wenlock). All the specimens figured are from the Lower Trilobite Bed, Bowning Creek (Coll. Mitchell). Cypiiaspis rotunda, sjo.nov. (PI. vi. figs. 2, a and b). Sp. Char. — Body oval. Cephalic -sliield subsemielliptical, pro- })ortionately large, the axial measurement equal to that of the thorax and pygidium combined, whilst the width is equal to its own axial measurement and that of the thorax combined ; limb wide, and concave in front of the glabella, margin thickened. Glabella ovate, short, a pair of glabellar furrows (probably the median) faintly indicated; circumscribed lobes small, oval, oblique in position, very slightly truncate behind ; axial furrows moder- ately defined in front, and continuous round the glabella ; facial sutures anterior to the eyes tolerably straight, or slightly inclined outwards, thence incurving along the thickened edge of the limb, and cutting the latter in a line with the sides of the glabella, whilst posterior to the eyes the sutures curve outwards, cutting the posterior margin of the shield at about one-third the distance between the axial furrows and the lateral margins ; fixed cheeks small ; free cheeks large, tumid, with a wide limb, flat and striate; genal angles produced into strong spines, which embrace the first three thoracic segments ; neck furrow wide ; neck ring narrow, moderately arched backwards. Thorax of eight segments, the transverse measurement being about twice the axial length ; axis prominent, width nearly equal to that of the pleurae, segments * Pal. New York, 1SS8, p. 490, vii, t. 21, f. 1. BY R. ETIIERIDGE, JUN., AND JOHN MITCHELL. 177 arched backwards laterally and forwards in the middle line ; thoracic spine absent ; axial grooves well marked ; pleurai straight, flat above, distal ends sharply bent downwards, furrows wide and barely reaching the outer margin. Pygidium small, transversely elongated, widely triangular, its transverse measure- ment three times that of the axial length ; coalesced segments of the pleurse invisible ; axis prominent, short, truncated posteriorly, of seven or eight segments, the terminal ones very close together ; limb very abruptly depressed, flat. Ohs. — This little Trilobite, in its short pyriform glabella and circumscribed lobes, assumes the habit of Cyphasjns ; the shape of the thorax generally approaches more closely that of the genus Proetus, whilst the pygidium in its dimiautive size is again of a Cyphaspis type. Its rotund appearance at once separates it from the preceding species and the European C. megalops, and this separation is further increased by the presence of comparatively short genal spines. Fi'om the other Australian species it is distinguished by possessing eight instead of eleven or twelve thoracic segments, the rotund outline, and in the length of the cephalic-shield equalling that of the combined thorax and pygi- dium. From Cyphaspis depressa, Barr.,"^ C. Halli, Barr.,t and C. Burmeisteri, Barr.,| it is distinguished by having no trace of a thoracic spine, but if there is a possibility of this point of differentiation being of a sexual nature, as previously suggested, the characters mentioned above will serve foi- the purpose in view, particularly the almost oval shape and closely adpressed genal spines. Loc. and Horizon. — Bowning, Co. Harden — Lower Trilobite bed, Bowning Series (? Wenlock) (Coll. Mitchell). * Syst. Sil. Boheme, 1852, i. Atlas, t. 16, f. 38, 39. f Syst. Sil. Boheme, 1852, i. Atlas, t. 18, f. 35. X Syst. Sil. Boheme, 1852, i. Atlas, t. 18, f. 61. 12 178 THE SILURIAN TRILOBITES OF NEW SOUTH WALES. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. Plate vi. Cyphaspis yassensls, Eth.,JiL, and Mitchell . Fig. 1. — Cephalic-shield; a large specimen showing auditory organs ( x 3). Fig. la. — Pygidium, a large specimen ( x 3). Fig. 1^. — Pygidium and two segments of thorax attached ( x 3). Fig. Ic. —Cephalic-shield without free cheeks ; a well preserved specimen showing no signs of glabellar furrows. Fig. \d. — Free cheek (nat. size). Cyphaspis rotunda, Eth.,Jil., and Mitchell . Fig. 2. — An almost complete specimen slightly contorted and completely decorticated ( x 6). Fig. 2a. — The same restored ( x 6). Fig. 2&. — Side view of same ( x 6). Cyphaspis bownixgensis, Mitchell. Fig. 3. — Young specimen somewhat contorted and one free cheek missing (x3). Fig. 3a. — Cephalic-shield and six segments of the thorax, with dorsal spine on the sixth segment, and showing the granular ornamentation distinctly ( x 2). Fig. 36. — Side view of same. Fig. 3c. — Side view of Fig. 3. Fig. M. — Portion of thorax, with pygidium and dorsal spine complete. Fig. 3e. — Portion of thorax and spine ( x 3). Fig. 3/-A. — Cephalic-shields showing variations ; oh-j are from the Middle Trilobite bed and are decorticated and contorted ; 3[/ shows a very wide border, and like Zh-j indicative of glabellar furrows ( X 3). Plate vii. Fig. 3i-/i'. — (Vide explanation of 2>f-h.) Cyphaspis Horaxi, Eth.,fil., and Mitchell. Fig. 4. — Cephalic-shield with one free cheek missing, showing genal spine and very faint serration of anterior edge ( x 3). Fig. 4a. — Thorax and pygidium complete and posterior portion of cephalic- shield inverted, decorticated ( x 4). Fig. 46. — Portion of a thorax and pygidium of a smaller specimen than 4a (X 6). Fig. 4c. — A very well preserved cephalic-shield without the free cheeks, showing the ornamentation ( x 6). 179 ON A NEW MUREX FROM SOUTH AUSTRALIA. By John Brazier, F.L.S., C.M.Z.S., Lond. MuREX (PsEUDOMUREx) POLYPLEURUS, Brazier, n.sp. Mitrex jmmilus, Angas (7ion Broderip, nee A. Adams, nee Kuster), Molluscan Fauna of South Australia, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1865, p. 158, No. 6. Murex (Ocinehra) pumilus, Bednall (non Broderip, 7iec A. Adams, nee Kuster), Transactions and Proceedings and Report of the Royal Society of South Australia, Vol. viii. p. 66, 1884-5 (issued May, 1886). Shell strong, small, biconical, imperforate, with 8 distinct longitudinal varices or ribs, crossed by fine transverse lirse, the interstices very finely striated or scab- ^r^v rous; whorls 5 to 6 bluntly angulated ; >^?f^s, r\ suture slightly impressed, smooth ; %^%^^^^ { \ aperture oval, attenuated anteriorly, ^fe^Sl^ \ Q) outer lip thickened by the external ^^Rw ^^ varix, with 5 to 6 small nodose teeth ^^^ within; inner or columellar lip with c.H.,dei. one small rounded tooth near the canal ; colour somewhat grey or flesh colour. Length, 12; breadth, 6 mm. Mouth: length, 4; breadth, 3 mm. ZTaS.— East side St. Vincent's Gulf (Angas); MacDonnell Bay, Fowler's Bay (Professor Tate) ; Henley Beach, Semaphore, Aldinga, South Australia (Professor Tate and W. T. Bednall); also Port Lincoln (Bednall). This species when found in a living state is very pretty ; some specimens are of a fine pink or flesh colour, others again of a dirty grey. Specimens were forwarded to me some time back by my old friend and correspondent Mr. W. T. Bednall as Murex immilus, 180 ON A NEW MUREX FROM SOUTH AUSTRALIA. A. Ad. The error in the name of this species appears to have orfcinated with Mr. Angas in 1865; if he had taken the trouble to Imve compared the South Australian shell with Murex pumilus, A. Ad., from China, in the British Museum, he would have seen at a glance that they were distinct species. The present species, M. 2)oli/2)leicrus, Braz., is not in the British Museum, and that on the good authority of my valued friend and correspondent Mr. Edgar A. Smith. M. 2yuniilus, A. Ad., is a much narrower and shorter shell, having the canal slightly turned up and crossed by scabrous spiral ridges. Sowerby in the Thes. Conch. Vol. iv. pi. 400, fig. 200, has enlarged Murex j^uinilus to more than twice the actual length of the shell, and the figure is very coarsely executed. The best figure of it is given by Mr. E. A. Smith in the Report of the Zoological Collection of the Voyage of H.M.S. "Alert," p. 491, pi. 44, fig. D, from Darros Island, Amirantes, in 22 fathoms, on a broken-coral bottom (H.M.S. "Alert"), China Sea (A. Adams). 181 NOTES AND EXHIBITS. Mr. Brazier exhibited a specimen of the South Australian Murex polyj^^^urus, n.sp., described in his paper, a species which in the past, by the late Mr. G. F. Angas and other authors, has been confused with M. piunilus, A. Ad., from the China Sea, and Darros Island, Amirantes. Also a fossil specimen of M. octogomts, Q. and G., from New Zealand. Rev. J. Mihie Curran read a note recording the presence of a fossil Buprestid beetle in an earthy limonite at Inverell, N.S.W. The insect is represented by a portion of a metallic green elytron, and it is associated with Miocene fossil leaves and a species of Unio. He also showed a specimen of a Silurian fossil coral ( Ileliolites ) from Molong, N.S.W., in a beautiful state of preser- vation. Mr. Baker exhibited drawings and specimens in illustration of his paper. Mr. Trebeck showed a specimen of a large freshwater prawn (Fahemon oniaius, Oliv.) from the Rewa River, Fiji. Mr. C T. Musson sent for exhibition specimens of a European slug, Aj'ion hortensis, Miill., introduced with ferns from New Zealand, where it is now not uncommon, though not previously recorded from Australia. Also, from the Kurrajong, N.S.W., specimens of the peculiar slug Gystopelta petterdi, Tate. 182 WEDNESDAY, JUNE 28th, 1893. The President, Professor David, B.A., F.G.S., in the Chair. Mr. L. 0. Beal of New Zealand was introduced as a visitor, Mr. Edgar R. Waite, F.L.S., Australian Museum, Sydney, was elected a Member of the Society. DONATIONS. "Societe Entomologique de Belgique — Annales." T. xxxiv.- XXXV. (1890-91). From the Society. ** Societe Zoologique de France— Memoires." T. v. No. 5 (1892). From the Society. "Societe Royale de Geographic dAnveis — Bulletin." T. xvii. 2^ Fasc. (1892-93). From the Society. "Royal Microscopical Society — Journal for 1893." Part ii. From the Society. "Royal Irish Academy — Transactions." Vol. xxx. Parts 1-2 (1892). From the Academy. " College of Science, Imperial University, Japan — Journal." Vol. vi. Part 1 (1893). From the University. "Perak Government Gazette." Vol. vi. Nos. 11-12 (April- May, 1893). From the Government Secretary. DONATIONS. 183 " Zoologischer Anzeiger." xvi. Jahrg. Nos. 417-419 April- May, 1893). From the Editor. " Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein zu Bremen — Abhandlungen." xiii. Bd. 3 Heft. (1893). Froin the Society. " Videnskabelige Meddeleser fra den Naturhistoriske Forening i Kjobenhavn for Aaret 1892." Fro7)i the Society. "Zoological Society of London — Abstracts," April 18th, May 2nd and leth, 1893: "Proceedings, 1892." Part 4 : ''Transac- tions." Vol. xiii. Part 5 (1893). From the Society. " Geological Society of London — Quarterly Journal." Vol. xlix. Part 2 (1893). From the Society. "Department of Agriculture, Brisbane — Companion for the Queensland Student of Plant Life." By F. M. Bailey, F.L.S. From the Author. "Natural History Society of Queensland — Report of Council and President's Address for 1892." From the Society. "Victorian Naturalist." Vol. x. No. 2 (June, 1893). From the Field Naticralists' Club of Victoria. " Department of Mines and Agriculture — Records of the Geo- logical Survey of N.S.W." Vol. iii. Part 3 (1893). From the Hon. the Minister for Mines and Agricultwe. "Observations of the Transit of Venus, 9th December, 1874." From the Director^ Sydney Observatory. "Agricultural Gazette of N.S.W." Vol. iv. Part 5 (May, 1893). From the Director of Agriculture. " Societe Scientifique du Chili— Actes." T. ii. (1892), 3°^^ Liv. From the Society. "Bombay Natural History Society — Journal." Vol. vii. No. 4 (1892). From the Society. "Cambridge Philosophical Society — Proceedings." Vol. viii. Part 1 (1892). From the Society. 184 DONATIONS. "University of Melbourne — Matriculation Examination Papers" (May, 1893). From the University. " American Museum of Natural History — Bulletin." Vol. v. pp. 33-80 (1893). From the Museum. " iNIuseum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College — Bulle- tin.' Vol. xvi. No. 12; Vol. xxiv. No. 3 (1893). From the Curator. ''American Naturalist." Vol. xxvii. No. 317 (May, 1893). From the Editors. "United States Department of Agriculture — Division of Ento- mology—Bulletin." No. 29 (1893) : "Insect Life." Vol. v. No. 4 (1893). From the Secretary of Agriculture. "American Geographical Society — Bulletin." Vol. xxiv. No. 4 Part 2 (1892) ; Vol. xxv. No. 1 (1893). From the Society. "Johns Hopkins University Circulars.'' Vol. xii. No. 105 (May, 1893). From the University. "Canadian Record of Science." Vol. v. No. 5 (1892). From the Natural History Society of Montreal. " Manchester Museum, Owens College — Museum Handbooks." Nos. iii.-v. (1892-93). From the Keeper of the Museum. "Australasian Journal of Pharmacy." Vol. viii. No. 90 (Juno, 1893). From the Editor. "Contributions to the Anatomy of Fishes. Part ii. — The Air- Bladder and Weberian Ossicles in the Siluroid Fishes." By Professor T. W. Bridges, M.A., and Professor A. C. Haddon, M.A. (1893). From the Authors. 185 PAPERS READ. NOTES ON AUSTRALIAN COLEOPTERA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. By the Rev. T. Blackburn, B.A., Corr. Mem. Part XIII. LAMELLICORNES. Heteronyx. In the tabulation of part of this genus, in P.L.S.N.S.W. 1891, p. 488, last two lines on the page, transpose " long " and " wide." Xynedria, gen.nov., Pentodontidarum. (J. Antennae lO-articulatae, flabello mediocri 3-articulato, hiijus articulo basali externe setis erectis dense vestito ; mentum compressum porrectum ; mandibulae extus rotundatse por- rectse ; clypeus abrupte verticalis, supra ut cornu erectum acutum productus, ad apicem rotundatus modice reflexus ; prothorax (exempli typici) a basi ad apicem late profunde excavatus, partis excavatse lateribus pone medium obtuse elevatis ; tibiae anticae extus fortiter tridentatae ; femora (praesertim posticae) valde incrassata ; tibiae posticae brevis- simae latissimae fortiter transversim 2-carinatae ; tarsorum posticorum articulus basalis fere cylindricus. This remarkable Dynastid is, I think, near Fseicdoryctes, with which genus the structure of its legs agrees in every respect except in its hind tibiae being transversely bicarinate and the basal joint of its hind tarsi more cylindrical ; inter alia it dift'ers from Pseudoryctes by its absolutely vertical clypeus produced upwards into a well developed pointed horn and by the absence of a horn on the front margin of its prothorax'. The peculiar position of the clypeus is reproduced in Palmerstonia, but without the horn (the male of P aimer ^tonia, however, may have a horn) ; but in 186 NOTES ON AUSTRALIAN COLEOPTERA, that genus the palpi are of very extraordinary structure and the basal joint of the hinder tarsi is very widely triangular. The general appearance of the insect on which I found this genus is much like that of Novapus, with which genus, however, it does not appear to be closely connected, differing from it inte7' alia multa by its very much shorter and thicker hind tibiae. Xynedkia interioris, sp.nov. (J. Minus latus ; sat nitidus ; subtas sat dense rufo-hirsutus ; rufo-piceus ; capite cornu brevi (quam antennarum clava breviori) erecto ad apicem simplici instructo > prothorace quam longiori vix plus quam dimidio latiori, postice quam antice fere duplo latiori, sparsim subtiliter punctulato, a basi ad apicem excavato, parte excavata sparsim leviter squamoso-punctulata pone medium angustata, lateribus for- titer rotundatis ; scutello externe Ijievi, antice et in medio confertim punctulato ; elytris inrequaliter geminatim punctu- lato-striatis et hie illic confuse punctulatis, puncturis in striis et alibi sat lequalibus ; pygidio fortiter convexo, leviter nee crebre squamoso-punctulato. [Long. 7, lat. 4f lines. 9 latet. S. Australia ; McDonnell Ranges ; presented to me by C. French, Esq. MALACODERMID.E. Helodes angulatus, sp.nov. Elongato-ovalis ; modice convexus ; pubescens ; palpis anten- narum basi prothoracis lateribus pedibusque rufis ; capite subcrebre, prothorace sparsim, sat fortiter punctulatis ; hoc quam longiori plus quam duplo latiori, jequaliter convexo, angulis posticis rectis ; elytris fortiter sat crebre (postice magis leviter) punctulatis baud costatis, stria suturali sub- fortiter impressa ; antennarum articulis 2" 3°que (hoc quam ille multo minori) conjunctis quam 4^^ parum brevioribus. [Long. If, lat. Yi7 line. BY THE REV. T. BLACKBURN. 187 Characterised by its evenly convex prothorax (not more gibbous in the middle than elsewhere), with well defined rather sharp hind angles, which are slightly directed backward, and the strong sparse puncturation of its upper surface (especially the elytra), which on the prothorax is very much and on the elytra quite evidently stronger and less close than in H. cinctus^ Blackb., — probably the nearest ally of this species. N. S. Wales ; Blue Mountains. SiLis AUSTRALis, Blackb. Having had occasion recently to look at this insect, I was much startled to find that I committed an unpardonable blunder in describing it. It has nothing to do with Silis but is an (Edemerid. How I could have overlooked its heteromerous tarsi I am unable to conjecture ; I can only adopt an expression used by Mr. Pascoe under similar circumstances and say that it must have been in "a moment of aberration." The insect certainly has an extremely Sills-like facies. It does not appear to have been described in the (Edemeridce^ and seems to be congeneric with some at least of the species that are referred to the genus Ananca^ but unfortunately there is a species among them bearing the same name (australis), so that it will be necessary to give a new name to the subject of this note. I propose the name Boisduvali for it. A. australis, Boisd., appears to be not unlike it (judging from the brief des- cription of seven words), but to differ in having its legs entirely of a fulvous colour. Ananca 7'iificoUis, Macl., also resembles it, but ditTers inter alia by the considerably less fine puncturation of its elytra, by its testaceous meso- and meta-sterna, and by its femora being of a bright testaceous colour, with only the extreme apices infuscate. (EDEMERID^. Ananca Boisduvali, sp.nov. Vide note on Silis australis (siqjra). loo NOTES ON AUSTRALIAN COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONID.E. Pelororhinus crassus, Blackb. In describing this species (P.L.S.N.S.W. 1892, p. 135) I acci- dentally omitted to state that it is found in Western Australia. AoPLOCNEMis LowERi, sp.nov. Rufo-piceus, rostro obscuriori ; squamis fuscis et nonnuliis albis vestitus, his in prothoracis lateribus vittatim et in elytrorum lateribus maculatim condensatis; rostro sat crebre subrugulose nee crasse pnnctulato ; antennarum funiculi articulis basal ibus 2 elongatis ; prothorace granulato, vix transverso ; elytris puncturis sat crassis subquadratis seriatim impressis, interstitiis vix convexis, interstitio 3^ ad partis declivis basin tuberculo magno conico armato; corpore subtus albo-squamoso. [Long, (rostr. incl.) 5, (vix) lat. IJ lines. Readily distinguishable from its congeners by the tubercles placed one on each side of the suture at the summit of the posterior declivity. In the typical example (which seems a little abraded) the white scales form three vittse on the prothorax of which the middle one is very obscure and some ill-defined spots on the sides of the elytra. Victoria ; presented to me by Mr. Lower. CYDM.EA. Mr. Pascoe's Erirhinid genera present extreme ditiiculty owing to his not having followed a uniform system in characterising them ; for example, he generally treats (I think quite rightly) the granulation of the eyes as an important character, but in some few of his descriptions he does not mention the granulation of the eyes at all, and so on with almost every other character. The genus Cydmcea I feel confident that I have correctly identified, as several of the species {e.g., C. luctuosa, Pasc.) have a strongly marked pattern on the elytra which renders them unmistakable by their specific characters. The following seem to be the BY THE REV. T. BLACKBURN. 189 important characters of this genus : form broad and robust (like tljat of Gerynassa, Dicomada, &c.) ; rostrum moderately long and robust, very distinctly distinguished from the general contour of the head, compressed towards the apex when viewed from the side ; eyes finely granulated ; antennae inserted in front of the middle of the rostrum, their funicle 7-jointed, their scrobes running obliquely towards the lower extremity of the eye ; ocular lobes feebly defined ; base of prothorax not bisinuate ; prosternum elongate in front of its coxse, its front margin moderately emar- ginate ; mesosternum wide between the intermediate coxae ; 2nd ventral segment at least as long as the 3rd and 4th together ; femora unarmed ; anterior tibiae not denticulate within, their inner apex mucronate; tarsi short and broad, their claw joint projecting moderately beyond the 3rd. Cydmcea seems to be very close to Dicomada ; Mr. Pascoe mentions no other difference than that the rostrum of the latter is dilated at the apex and not compressed. The following species present all the characters of Cydmcea as described, but it should be noted that Mr. Pascoe figures it (Ann. Nat. Hist. 1875, t. 1, fig. 15) as devoid of ocular lobes. Cydm.ea major, sp.nov. Late ovalis ; squamis fusco-nigris cinereis fulvisque intermixtis vestita, pedibus antenuisque plus minusve rufescentibus ; rostro prothorace sublongiori ; funiculi articulo 1° quam 2"^ paulo iongiori ; prothorace leviter transverso ; elytris punc- tulato-striatis, interstitiis vix convexis. [Long. 2i-3, lat. U-l| lines. At once distinguishable from the previously described species by its considerably greater size. The variously coloured scales are very confusedly mixed together ; on the elytra, however, the darker scales predominate on the front half and the lighter on the hind half ; on the underside the fulvous scales predominate and have a slightly coppery gloss : the quantity of fulvous scales as compared with the cinereous seems to vary a good deal ; abraded 190 NOTES ON AUSTRALIAN COLEOPTERA, specimens are of an almost uniform blackish colour. The tarsi are shorter and wider than in the other Cydmcece known to me. N. S. Wales ; Blue Mountains. CYDMiEA DIVERSA, Blackb. An example taken in the Blue Mountains seems to be indis- tinguishable from the Western Australian type of this species. Although not quite contiguous, its front coxse are not so markedly separated, however, as in that specimen, seeming to justify my opinion when I described G. diversa that that peculiarity is not of extreme importance. CYDMiEA CRASSIROSTKIS, Sp.nov. Late ovalis; squamis fusco-nigris cinereis fulvo-cupreisque inter- mixtis vestita, antennarum scapo ad basin rufescenti ; rostro quam prothorax subbreviori apicem versus fortiter compresso; funiculi articulo 1° quam 2"^ multo (hoc quam sequentes parum) longiori; prothorace leviter transverso; elytris punc- tulato-striatis, interstitiis vix convexis. [Long. 1|, lat. 4 line. On the head and prothorax the coppery-brown scales prevail, and the ashy-grey scales form a line between the eyes and are condensed about the sides of the prothorax ; on the elytra fuscous-black scales may be regarded as forming the ground colour, fulvous-coppery scales form a broad ill-detined sutural stripe behind the scutellum and widen into a large patch occu- pying the greater part of the apical half of the elytra (the sides being fuscous-black), and in this patch is a narrow inconspicuous fascia of ashy-grey scales. The undersurface is entirely clothed with ashy-grey scales. The foim of the rostrum is very peculiar. It is strongly arched and viewed from above appears nearly parallel-sided (a little narrowed near its base) and moderately narrow, but viewed from the side it appears quite strongly dilated a little before the apex (so that here the distance from the upper to the under surface is BY THE REV. T. BLACKBURN. 191 greater than the width of the upper surface) and at the apex quite sharply pointed. Thus the rostrum appears from above to be quite slender with a blunt apex, but from the side to be very much wider and more robust, with the apex acuminate. The second joint of the funicle being scarcely longer than the 3rd joint is also a notable character. N. S. Wales ; Blue Mountains. LONGICORNES. ^GOSOMA. I refer the following species with some hesitation to this genus of which, unfortunately, I have not a type to compare it with ; neither is there one in the S. Australian Museum. From memory of the genus, however, I can say that the species before me has the general appearance of an jEgosoma, and the following charac- ters show it to be at least very close to it structurally, viz. : eyes strongly granulated, not embracing the base of the antennae and not much approximated above (a little more approximated than .in Nothophysis lucmioides, Serv.) ; metasternal episterna gradually narrowed from the base hindward, their apex obtuse, scarcely half as wide as their base ; prothoracic lateral margins much arched downwards and scarcely continuously existent. ^GOSOMA Carpentaria^, sp.nov. Sat elongatum ; sat parallelum ; minus nitidum ; subtiliter pubescens ; fuscum, pedibus abdomineque nonnihil rufes- centibus ; supra sat rugulose sat crebre nee crasse (elylris retrorsum gradatim magis subtiliter), subtus vix rugulose, punctulatum ; antennis (femina^ ?) quam corpus sat breviori- bus, articulo basali sat brevi, 2° brevissimo (his subnitidis, sat crasse rugulosis), ceteris pubescentibus sat compressis, 3'' quam basales 2 conjuncti paullo longiori, articulis 4-11 singulis quam 3° paullo brevioribus inter se sat sequalibus, articulo apicali indistincte ai)pendiculato ; prothorace sat 192 NOTES ON AUSTRALIAN COLEOPTERA, fortiter transverse, antice modice cangustato, supra leviter iriaeqaali, lateribus pone medium dente parvo obtuso armatis, angulis posticis subdentiformibus ; elytris apice conjunctim rotundatis, sat parallelis, lineis elevatis 4 vel 5 instructis (ex his externis 2 antice abbreviatis). [I^ong. 9-J, lat. 3 J lines. The elytra are a little more than half again as wide as the widest part (i.e., the base) of the prothorax and are about four and a half times as long as that segment. N. Queensland; Cape York; in the collection of C. French, Esq. PHACODES OCCIDENTALIS, Sp.UOV. Sat brevis ; sat latus ; sat robustus ; piceo-ferrugineus, pube albida sat dense submaculatim vestitus ; prothorace modice transverso, sat crebre sat fortiter ruguloso, spatiis elevatis nitidis nullis, lateribus in medio fere rectis hinc ad basin coarctatis ad apicem (vix arcuatim) convergentibus, laterum parte mediana recta postice extrorsum prominenti ; elytris ad apicem medium spiniformibus, antice crebre postice sparsim granulosis ; antennis (feminse) quam corpus brevioribus, arti- culo 3° quam 1"^ vix quam 4"^^ haud multo longiori. [Long. 10, lat. 3 J lines. The sides of the prothorax are almost straight and parallel in their middle part ; this straight portion is protuberant (as though bearing an obtuse tubercle) at its basal end, whence the lateral margins become strongly convergent hindward and then become parallel again close to the base. The absence of nitid spaces on the prothorax, the shortness of the 3rd joint of the antennae, and the comparatively large size of the insect suffice in combination to distinguish this species from its previously described congeners. W. Australia ; Ashburton district ; iu the collection of C. French, Esq. Phoracantha elegans, sp.no v. Ferruginea, elytris flavo-testaceis, fusco-notatis ; corpore toto (elytris exceptis) antennis pedibusque pube cinerea sat dense BY THE REV. T. BLACKBURN. 193 vestitis; antennis (feminse ?) quam corpus parum loDgioribus, articulis 1° 3° 4°que longitudine inter se fere sequalibus, articulis 3-5 sat fortiter spinosis ; prothorace 5-tuberculato utrinque spina laterali armato ; elytris in partibiis diiabus anterioribus crassissime postice sat fortiter nee crasse punc- tiilatis ad apicem sirgulatim fortiter 2-bpinosis. [Long. 10, lat. 24 lines. The pubescence is dense over the whole body except the elytra, the sculpture of the head and prothorax being almost buried beneath it ; on the elytra it is thinly dispersed and inconspicuous. The elytra are yellowish-testaceous, a little clouded here and there with brownish-testaceous, the apical one-fourth part being slightly darker. The fuscous markings on the elytra consist of a narrow very strongly zigzagged line a little in front of the middle, much like that in a similar position on the elytra of Coftocercus ruhrijyes, Boisd., a spot on the lateral margin placed a little behind the base, and a transverse mark about half-way between the middle and the apex resembling a broad blotchy zigzag, which becomes narrow close to the lateral margins, where it is turned hindward and runs back nearly to the apex. The general build of the insect is very similar to that of P. fallax^ Pasc. I do not think this species can be identical with any of the very briefly described Phoracanthce of Hope ; of these acanthocerus seems to differ inter alia by its black undersurface, and trimacu- latus to have very diflerently marked elytra ; the others seem to be not much like the present insect. W. Australia ; taken by E. Meyrick, Esq. Phoracantha posticalis, sp.nov. Subtus rufo-picea ; supra nigra, elytris fasciis binis indetermi- natis testaceis (altera antemediana altera vix postmediana) ornatis, antennis pedibusque rufis ; parum pubescens ; anten- nis (maris multo feminse paullo) quam corpus longioribus, articulo 3° supra longitudinaliter vix sulcato, articulis 3-7 sat fortiter spinosis ; prothorace sat fortiter sat crebre rugu- 13 194 NOTES ON AUSTRALIAN COLEOPTERA, lose, spatio mediano nitido lanceolato alteioque utriuque rotuodato subapicali oriiato, utrinque spina lateral! armato ; elytiis a basi paullo ultra medium crasse hinc ad apicem sat subtiliter punctulatis, ad apicem singnlatim sat fortiter 2- spinosis, parte posteriori nitida. [Long. 6-8, lat. 1^-2 lines. Not unlike P. fallax, Pasc, in general appearance, but a little less robust and with more slender legs and antennse, the 3rd and 4th joints of the latter being all but devoid of a longitudinal sulcus. The sculpture of the prothorax and elytra and the markings of the latter are as in P.fallax, except in the absence of the apical spot on the elytra, which are entirely black from immediately behind the middle to the apex. Also resembles Coptocercus unifasciatus, Hope, which, however, has no lateral .^spines on its prothorax. S. Australia; widely distributed, but apparently not common. Tryphocharia solida, sp nov. Lata ; subdepressa ; ferrnginea, prothorace elytrisque rufo- aurantiacis, his abdomineque nigro-notatis; parum imbescens; antennis (feminae) quam corpus multo brevioribus, articiilo 4° quam P^ hand longiori quam 3"^ sat breviori, articulis 3-7 spinis binis validis armatis ; prothorace crassissime ruauloso 5-tuberculato, utrinque spina laterali armato; elytris crassis- sime valde rugulose punctulatis (puncturis ad apicem summum manifesto minus crassis minus rugulosis), ad apicem spinis binis robustis elongatis armatis; metasterno sat crebre minus fortiter, abdomine sparsissime sat fortiter punctulatis. [Long. 13, lat. 4i lines. Not much like any of the previously described species of Tryphocharia. Compared with T. hamaia, Newm., this is a very much wider and more depressed species, with its prothorax much more coarsely rugulose and having lateral spines not bent at the apex, its elytra much more coarsely rugulose (the rugulosity being much less enfeebled posteriorly) and differently marked, its antennae (in the female) much shorter and with the 3rd joint BY THE REV. T. BLACKBURN. 195 considerably longer in proportion to the 4th, and its legs evidently shorter and stouter. The depressed portions of the prothorax are black, — in strong contrast to the orange-red elevated parts. On the elytra the black markings are almost as extensive as the orange-red colour : they are very vaguely dispersed, but neverthe- less can be regarded as forming two extremely ill-defined fasciae (one basal, the other median) and an evidently better defined common spot near the apex. An example (from N.W. Australia) in my collection appears to me to be the male of this species ; it scarcely differs from the specimen described above, except in the way that T. hamata, Newm., diff'ers from its female, i.e., by the more cylindrical form (this difference is a little more marked than in hamata), the less strongly transverse ])rothorax, and the longer antennae (in this example they scarcely reach beyond the apex of the elytra) ; it also shows a greater predominance of the orange-red colouring on the elytra, but the black markings although reduced in quantity are evidently what those of Mr. Frenches example would be if some of them were effaced ; this difference is not likely to be even of sexual value. N. Queensland; Cape York; in the collection of C. French, Esq. Paphora robustior, sp.nov. Sat robusta ; fusca ; pube grisea sparsim vestita ; prothorace quam latiori sublongiori, medio cicatricoso ; elytris oblongis ad apicem rotundato-truncatis ; podibus sat validis ; antennis (femin?e) quam corpus raulto brevioribus. [Long. 5^, lat. 1-| lines. Very like P. mochsta, Pasc, but larger and of more robust form and darker colour, with legs and antennae evidently stouter and the apex of each elytron broadly rounded, almost subtruncate (the elytra of P. mod^sta are much more narrowed at the apex). I have seen numerous specimens of C. modesta of both sexes, so that I am confident the above-mentioned differences indicate a good species. 196 NOTKS OX AUSTRALIAN COLEOPTERA, W. Australia ; Nullabor Plains ; in the collection of C. French, Esq, NeobetheliUxM (gen.nov.) Palpi .sat breves, maxillaribus quam labiales parum longioribus ; caput breve antice sat verticale; antennae (maris) quam corpus duplo longiores (articulo basali fortiter arcuate 3" longitudine sat a^quali, 4° quaui 3'"^ paullo longiori, 5°-ll° quam ceteri multo longioribus ex ordine magis elongatis, 5° G°que con- juncti quam r'^J-'^"* conjuncti sublongioribns) ; oculi grosse granulati supra approximati ; prothorax (maris) cylindricus inermis quam caput niulto angustiori ; elytra postice rotun- data ; pedes modici, femoribus fortiter clavatis ; coxa3 anticae modice exsertse subcontigna?. The insect for which I propose this new generic name must, I think, be referred to the Callidiopsides. It is very distinct by the following characters in condnnation : eyes coarsely granulated, basal 4 joints of the antenme together shorter than the 5tli and 6th together, head (at any rate in the male) much wider than the prothorax, subvertical in front (as in BeUieliion). In some respects, especially in the length of the antennae and the propor- tion of their joints inter se and the general facies of the insect, this species resembles Mecynoiius^ from which it may be at once distinguished by its much more coarsely granulated eyes and shorter hind femora ^^the latter when set back not leaching beyond the base of the apical ventral segment). Neobetiielium megacepiialum, sp.nov. Setis erectis subtilibus sparsim vestitum ; sat nitidum ; nigro- piceum, palpis tibiarum basi tarsorum apice antennarum articulisad basin et inelytris maculis elongatis indeterminatis nonnullis testaceis ; prothorace quam latiori longiori, cylin- drico, sat requali, subfortiter i)unctulato et transversim plus minusve rugato ; elytris sat fortiter ]>unctul;itis et costis nonnullis ol)scnris instructis, postice rotundatis. [Long. 4, lat. i line. BY THE REV. T. BLACKBURN. 197 The basal half or thereabouts of each of joints 4-11 of the antennae is testaceous ; the apical half, however (which is black on the 4tli joint), becomes paler on each joint successively, so that on the apical joints there is very little difference in the colour of the basal and apical parts. The elytra are not of uniform colour, for, independently of the testaceous markings, the nigro-piceous colour passes here and there (especially towards the sides) into reddish. N.S. W. ; in my collection ; also sent from Queensland by Mr. French. PORITHEA. I refer the followinsj species to this genus with some hesitation, as I have not, to my knowledge, seen an example of the unique previously described species. Indeed the general appearance of this insect is not suggestive of its being closely allied to any other known to me. Judged strictly by its structure, it would have to be placed among the PhoracantJudes, as it has coarsely granulated eyes, intermediate coxal cavities closed externally, head not pro- duced in front, and joints 3-5 of the antennae spined. But it is so totally unlike other Fhoracantl deles that it seems impossible to place it among them. Of the preceding characters the antennal spines alone distinguish the Fhoracantliides from the Ccdlidiop- sides, and both Mr. Pascoe and myself have already described as aberrant Callidiopsides species with a single antennal spine. The general build and colouring of this insect are fairly suggestive of Callidio/Jdis, and so i think it had better be regarded as an extremely aberrant member of that group. Regarding this species then as a Callidiopsid, there seems no reason to place it elsewhere than in Porithea, for the presence of antennal spines in that 9:roup does not appear to be generic, and the following characters are all suggestive of Porithea : femora strongly pedunculate at base strongly clavate at apex, front of head vertical, the maxillary palpi fully twice as long as the labial and having their apical joint elongate- securiform. The only characters at all inconsistent with Porithea as described by M. 198 NOTES ON AUSTRALIAN COLEOPTERA, Lacordaire are the following : the antennae are considerably more than " hardly " villose beneath, and their 3rd joint is slightly longer than their 5th. On the whole it appears to me better to call this insect " Porithea f than to found a new genus for it. PORITHEA PLAGIATA, Sp.nov. i\Todice elongata ; sat opaca ; fusca, antennis (nonnullorum articulorum apice excepto) femorum basi tibiis (apice excepto) tarsis (parte mediana excepta) elytrorumque maculis singulis lateralibus antemedianis magnis et fascia communi undulata anteapicali sat lata testaceis, capite metasterno et abdominis parte mediana rufescentibus ; antennis quam corpus vix longioribus, articulo 3° quam 4"^ pauUo longiori, hoc quam 5^^ vix longiori ; capite prothoraceque subtilissime rugulosis (vel potius coriaceis) ; hoc quam latiori vix longiori, lineis 3 elevatis brevibus et tuberculis parvis 2 ornato, lateribus postice et antice sat parallelis in parte mediana sat rotun- datis ; elytris sat crebre sat subtiliter ruguloso-punctulatis^ ad apicem rotundato-truncatis. [Long. 5, lat. li lines. The inequalities on the prothorax consist of a short longitudinal elevated line on the middle of the disc and another (similar, ijut slightly more elevated) placed obliquely on either side of it slightly in front of the middle, and two small discoidal tubercles near the base. N. S. Wales ; Tweed River district. Aposites GRACILIS, sp.nov. Fuscus, pube tenui grisea vestitas ; prothorace quam latiori sublongiori, transversim rugato, antice sat angustato, lateri- bus a margine antico retrorsum divergentibus (in medio su))- angulatis vel potius subtuberculatim dilatatis, hinc retrorsum fere parallelis nihilominus ad basin summam divergentibus) ; elytris externe sat emarginatis, ad apicem angustatis, costis 3 discoidalibus sat obsoletis instructis ; antennis (maris) BY THE REV. T. BLACKBURN. 199 quam corpus sat manifeste (articulorum apicalium 2 lon»itii- dine) longioribus, his minus fortiter compressis. [Long. 7, lat. IJ lines. \V. Australia ; Gnarlbine ; in the collection of C. French, Esq. SCOLECOBROTUS VALIDUS, sp.nOV. Ferrugineut?, totus pube sat densa flava vebtitus ; prothorace quam latiori vix longiori ; elytris antice minus crasse punc- tulatis ; antennis (maris ?) quam corpus paullo longioribus, articulis 5-10 sat compressis hand serratis intus ad apicem lobatis ; cetera fere ut aS'. Westiooodi, Hope. [Long. 11, lat. 4| lines. Entirely of a ferruginous colour, the legs and abdomen some- what paler, the upper and under surfaces very evenly and closely clothed with yellowish pubescence, which almost conceals the sculpture. The antennae are almost exactly like those of a male S. Westwoodi, but without any of the serration of that species except the apical lobe-like process. Compared with ^S*. Westivoodi, the build of the whole insect is a little more robust, the head a little less produced in front, the prothorax considerably less elongate and (as far as can be seen under the pubescence) less uneven, and the anterior portion of the elytra evidently less strongly rugulose. I have no doubt the specimen described is a male, but if it were a female, its antennae a little longer than the body would at once distinguish it from the same sex of S. West- vjoodi. The twelfth joint of the antennae is shorter than in the male, and about as long as in the female, of *S'. Westwoodi. N.W. Australia; in the collection of C. French, Esq. Strongylurus minor, sp.nov. Rufus, capite prothoraceque paullo obscurioribus ; disperse albo-pilosus ; prothorace quam latiori paullo longiori, sat crebre vix crasse granuloso-punctulato, flavo 4-maculato ; elytris modice elongatis ad apicem rotundatis, antice sat fortiter postice obsolete punctulatis. [Long. 5, lat. 1^^ lines. 200 NOTES ON AUSTRALIAN COLKOPTERA, Resembles »S'. ceresioides, Pasc, in its unifoniily coloured elytra rounded at their apex, but difters from it by its prothorax slightly (to a casual glance considerably) longer than wide and much less coarsely punctured, and by the considerably less coarse puncturation of its elytra. N. Queensland ; in the collection of C. French, Esq. DiSTICHOCERA FrENCHI, Sp.nov. ^. Atra ; capite prothorace sternis et elytrorum parte basali (fere dimidio) dense rubro-aurantiaco-pubescentibus ; elytro- rum parte apicali dense nigro-pubescenti, apice summo truncato bi-apiculato. [Long. 9, lat. 3 lines. Black, the part of the body on both tlie upper and under surface in front of the hind margin of the metasternum densely clothed with bright reddish-orange silky pubescence ; the rest of the elytra densely clothed with black pubescence; part of the derm (especially on the elytra) underlying the orange pubescence con- colorous with that pubescence. Head produced anteriorly, deeply grooved between the antennae, which are as long as the body and formed as in the males of others of the genus, but with the ramulse of the joints extremely broad (very much broader, e.g., than in i). 2Jar, Newm.) and the apical joint almost cylindric. Prothorax rather wider than long, with the hind angles prominent laterally and another protuberance a little in front of them on the sides. Elytra much narrowed hindwards, very tiiiely and closely punc- tulate, each with several scarcely defined elevated lines. N. Queensland; in the collection of C. French, Esq. AthExMistus cristatus, sp.nov. Niger, opacus ; setis brevibus pallidis sparsim vestitus ; capite prothoraceque fere impunctatis; hoc tuberculis 5 discoidalibus ornatis, lateribus pone medium dente sat valido armatis ; elytris ad apicem oblique truncatis, vix punctulatis, seriatim tuberculis sat parvis sat crebris instrnctis, his ad humeros ut crista elevata condensatis ; scutello fortiter transverso. [Long. 6, lat. 2| lines. BY THE REV. T. BLACKBURN. 201 The tubercles on the prothorax consist of two near the base (which are opaque), and three nitid (of which the middle one is very small), so placed as to form with the lateral teeth a con- tinuous row. This species must be near A. Howitti, Pasc, but seems certainly distinct, that insect being described as of a fulv^ous-brown colour, with pale legs and antennae ; its scutellum is said to be narrowly triangular, and there is no mention of anything like the con- spicuous crest-like ridge into which the 4th (from the suture) row of tubercles is elevated at the base of the elytra (a character that Mr. Pascoe could hardly have passed over unnoticed). From A. rugosulus, Guer., the only other large species of black colour with the prothorax almost impunctulate, the present insect differs by the truncate apex of its elytra. ISr. S. Wales ; Blue Mountains. Athemistus monticola, sp.nov. Piceus ; sat opacus ; pube subtilissima sericea dilutiori dense vestitus ; capite sparsissime leviter vix subtiliter punc- tulato, linea subtilissima mediana (antice subelevata postice subimpressa) instructo ; prothorace ut caput punctulato, supra vix inaequali baud determinate tuberculato, lateribus tuberculo parvo obtuso armatis ; elytris ad apicem oblique subtruncatis, confertim subseriatim granuloso-punctuiato- rugulosis ; scutello sat fortiter transverse. [Long 5-6, lat. 2-2f lines. Perfectly fresh specimens are sparsely sprinkled with extremely fine short erect hairs and closely covered with a very tine silky pubescence, the conspicuousness of which depends on the position in which the light falls on it. This pubescence is more fulvous on the prothorax and more whitish on the elytra, and it leaves a large denuded spot on either side of the base of tlie prothorax, and a smaller one on either side at the front margin. The sculpture of the elytra is extremely difficult to describe ; the surface seems to be somewhat irregularly punctulate-striate, tlie 202 NOTES ON AUSTRALIAN COLEOPTERA, punctures rather large and coarse, but this sculpture is rendered indistinct both by the pubescence and by a multitude of small obscure granules scattered indiscriminately over the striae and interstices. This species seems to be near^l. pubescens, Pasc, but the prothorax of that insect is described as " coarsely punctured," whereas the prothorax of this species appears quite impunctulate except under a strong lens ; it is infinitely less strongly punctured than the prothorax of A. bituherculatus, Pasc, which its author calls merely "sparsely punctured." Victoria ; on the higher Alps. Athemistus torridus, sp.nov. Ferrugineus ; opacus ; pube subtillissima sericea dilutiori (hie illic squamis piliformibus cinereis submaculatim variegata) vestitus ; capite leviter, prothorace sat profunde, crasse sat sparsim punctulatis ; hoc tuberculis 3 discoidalibus (trans- versim positis) ornatis, lateribus pone medium dente sat valido instructis ; elytris ad apicem rotundatis, seriatim verrucosis, postice 2-tuberculatis. [Long. 3, lat. \^jj lines. The smallest species of the genus yet described. The two posterior tubercles of the elytra (one on each elytron, about half way down the posterior declivity) distinguish it from all its congeners except hituherculatus, Pasc, and ceihiops^ Pasc. From the latter of these it is distinguished by its colour and by the row of three ill-defined tubercles on the prothorax forming a con- tinuous line with the lateral tubercles, and from the former by its much smaller size and the more strongly defined (almost spiniform) lateral tubercles of its prothorax. Queensland ; Cape York ; in the collection of C. French, Esq. Symphiletes dentipes, sp.nov. (J. Nitidus \ minus pubescens ; piceus, pedibus rufescentibus ; capite pilis elongatis albidis sat sparsim vestito; tibiis anticis subtus, intermediis extus, posticis intus, dense pallide hirsutis, segmentis ventralibus postice ciliis pallidis perlongis ornatis ; antennis supra pube subtili grisea dense vestitis, subtus dense BY THE REV. T. BLACKBURN. 203 ferrugineo-ciliatis ; capite crasse rugulose punctulato, liiiea mediana longitudinali elevata obsciira iiistructo ; protlioiace qiiain longioii vix latiori, sat ciebre sat crasse confuse rugato et sparsim punctulato, disco tuberculis 2 parvis munito, lateribus antice tuberculo parvo armatis ; elytris sat grosse punctulatis, apice sinuato-truncatis, spina suturali apicali armatis, basin versus tuberculatis, tuberculis majoribus in utroque elytro juxta basin seriatim positis, ex his tuberculo mediano permagno ; antennis quam corpus sat longioribus, ad apicem sammum hamatis ; coxis anticis spina magna recurva armatis, femoribus anticis dente magno obtuso sub- apicali armatis, tibiis anticis basi valde arcuatis, subtus in medio dente magno armatis. [Long. 12, lat. 4 lines. It is possible that the type of this species is abraded, but I do not hesitate to describe it as its characters of sculpture and of sex are extremely remarkable. The dense pilosity on the tibise and the toothed front femora and tibiae of the male are not found, I think, in any other described Symj^hiletes, except the toothed front tibiae which are attributed to S. neglectus — a very difterent species. The tubercles on the front part of the elytra consist of three rows on each, in which those of the sutural and external ones are small, while those of the middle row are larger, especially the middle one of that row, which is very large (being about the same size as the tubercle at the base of the elytra in Demonassa dichotoma, Newm.). The elytra are punctured very much as in D. dichotoma except that their puncturation is scarcely so coarse in front and is less enfeebled behind. This species bears a good deal of general resemblance to S. fumatus^ Pasc, but differs from it by its remarkable sexual characters, by its more elongate protliorax, the very much greater size of one of the elytral tubercles, the longer 3rd joint of its antennae (in the male), &c., &c. Mr. Pascoe says that the pro- thorax of S. fioinatus is longer than broad, a statement clearly not founded on measurement, which shows the prothorax distinctly wider than long, though to a casual glance it appears elongate. Queensland ; in my collection. 204 NOTES ON AUSTRALIAN COLEOPTERA, IPHIASTUS DISPAR, Sp.nOV. Pic<^o-ferrugineus ; pube versicolori (sc. grisea albicla anranti- acaque) vestitus ; pube aurantiaca in capite piothoraceque lineatim in elytris maculatim disposita; elytris apice truncatis, truncatura externe aiigulato-prominenti, parte basali granu- lata. [Long. 12, lat. -4^ lines. This species must certainly, I think, be referred to Iphiastus^ although its markings and vestiture are not much like those of the typical species (/. heros^ Pasc). Mr. Pascoe originally described /. heros as a SymphileteSj but afterwards founded Iphiastus for it on the ground chiefly of its antenna! tubers being more prominent and approximate than those of Synii^hiletes ; he mentions several other characters, but says that they are all merely those of Sympliiletes exaggerated. The prominence of the antennal tubers, however, appears to me a really good generic character, and I notice also a character Mr. Pascoe did not mention in the much greater length of the lesfs. These characters are well defined in I. disjoar. In the present species (as in so many species of Rhytiphora and Symphiletes) the whole surface, including the legs and antennae, is closely covered with a fine pubescence (it is of a slate colour tending to whitish on the metasternum) which may be regarded as forming the ground colour of the insect, while pubescence of another colour (orange-red) is superadded and forms the markings. The slate-coloured pubescence is pitted on the elytra and under- surface with small denuded spaces which give the appearance of a multitude of little dark spots. The orange-red pubescence forms the following markings : on the head a line on either side of the impressed median line, a ring round each eye, a line behind each eye, and a patch at the ba«e of each mandible ; on the prothorax six transverse lines, the 2nd and 3rd (counted from the base) being irregular ; on the elytra a number of small spots very evenly dis- tributed over the whole surface (very much as the ferruginous spots are distributed in Rhytiphora Waterhousei, Pasc, and BY THE REV. T. BLACKBURN. 205 Symphiletes pubiventris, Pasc.) ; on the nndersurface a number of spots (like those of the elytra) on the metasternum. some lines on the mesosternnm, and the hind margin of each ventral segment. The orange-red pubescence is also vaguely distributed over the Qiiddle part of the pro- and meso-sterna and the legs. The pro- thorax has no lateral tubercles, hut bears four or five transverse impressions or folds, the presence of which causes the lateral margins, viewed from above, to appear uneven. There is a fine elevated transverse line across the middle of the prothorax, which being unevenly elevated causes a slight appearance of a transverse row of scarcely defined tubercles. The part of the prothorax in front of the front fold is slightly narrower than the rest, but not so markedly as in /. heros. The antennae are a little longer than the body and of a pitchy colour, much clothed (probably entirely in a perfectly fresh specimen) with slate-coloured pubescence, and thickly ciliated beneath. In the typical specimen the 2nd ventral segment bears a large patch of brown pilosity on either side and there is a strong (but very short) spine on each front coxa. N. Queensland ; Cape York ; in Mr. French's collection. PHYTOPHAGA. Rhombosternus obscurus, sp.nov. (J. Sat nitidus ; rufo-brunneus, capite })ostice antennarum basi apiceque prothoracis disco tibiarum apice et (nonnullorum exemplorum) tarsorum articulo 3° nigiis ; oculis inter se sat approximatis ; capite prothoraceque crebre fortiter riigulosis; hoc quam longiori dimidio latiori, angulis anticis minute dentiformibus ; scutello la^vi basin versus nigricanti ; elytris rude punctiilatis, puncturis pone medium seriatim dispositis, interstitiis costiformibus ante medium confuse subreticulatim pone medium longitudinaliter dispositis; segmento ventrali apicali ante apicem transversim impresso, ad apicem rotun- dato ; antennis quam corpus multo longioribus. [Long. ^, hit. \\ lines. 206 NOTES ON AUSTRALIAN COLEOPTERA, Q. Major ; robustior ; tota rufo-brunnea, autennarnin apice scutelloque nigricantibus excoptis ; oculis inter se minus approximatis ; prothorace paullo magis transverse, angulis anticis vix dentiformibus; segmento ventrali apicali profunde subrotundatim excavate. [Long. 3, lat. 1| lines. N. S. Wales; Blue Mountains. Rhombosternus monticola, sp.nov. (J. Sat nitidus ; flavus, elytris flavo-testaceis, capitis macula pone oculos (hac in medio antrorsum anguste producta) prothoracis macula discoidali trifida et utrinque macula basali triangulari (nonnullorum exemploruni maculis basalibus cum macula discoidali anguste connexis) sutura (hac angustissime) et tarsorum apice nigris, antennarum apice summo et ely- trorum puncturis infuscatis; oculis inter se sat approximatis; capite subtilius rugulose crebre, prothorace rude inaequaliter, punctulatis ; hoc quam longiori fere duplo latiori, angulis anticis minute dentiformibus ; scutello laevi ad basin anguste nigro ; elytris sat ajqualiter (apice Ifevi excepto) punctulato- striatis, antice transversim modice rugatis, ioterstitiis parum convexis ; segmento ventrali apicali foveis 3 leviter impressis transversim instructo ; antennis quam corpus multo longiori- bus. [Long. 2|, lat. li lines. 2. Major ; robustior ; supra rufa latera et apicem versus flavescens, ut mas nigro-notata, antennis totis (vel fere totis) rufo-testaceis; oculis inter se minus approximatis; prothorace paullo magis transverse, angulis anticis vix dentiformibus ; segmento ventrali apicali profunde subrotundatim excavate. [Long. 24, lat. li lines. Victoria ; Alpine district. Rhombosternus pallidus, sp.nov. (J. Sat nitidus; testaceus, antennis apicem versus elytrorum puncturis et tarsorum articule 3° infuscatis, elytrorum pre- BY THE REV. T. BLACKBURN. 207 thoracisque basi anguste nigra ; oculis inter se sat approxi- matis ; capite sat fortiter minus crebre, prothorace crasse sparsim, punctulatis ; hoc quam longiori duplo latiori, angulis anticis vix dentiformibus; scutello laevi; elytris minus fortiter subseriatim punctulatis, antice transversim rugatis, interstitiis vix manifeste convexis ; segmento ventrali apicali transversim leviter impresso ; antennis quam corpus multo longioribus. [Long. 2f, lat. li lines. ^. latet. The infuscation of the seriate punctures on the elytra causes those organs to appear to a casual glance striped with a number of brownish lines. This species is near R. cicatricosus, Chp., (a species that I think I have correctly identified), but differs from it, inte7' alia, by the very much less close jDuncturation of its prothorax. N. S. Wales ; Blue Mountains. Rhombosternus minor, sp.nov. (J. Sat nitidus ; ruber, prothorace indeterminate nigro-notato, antennarum tibiarumque apice summo tarsorum articulo tertio et metasterni parte media infuscatis ; oculis inter se minus approximatis ; capite sat crebre minus fortiter ruguloso ; prothorace grosse ruguloso, quam longiori fere duplo latiori, angulis anticis minute acutis vix dentiformibus ; scutello ruguloso baud elevato, in medio carina Uevi instructo; elytris insequalibus (sc. regione scutellari subgibbosa), fortiter seriatim punctulatis, interstitiis angustis carinatis ; segmento ventrali apicali in medio fovea subrotundata leviter impressa instructo ; antennis quam corpus vix longioribus. [Long. 2, lat. 1 line. 9. Major; robustior ; antennis quam corporis dimidium parum longioribus ; prothorace quam longiori duplo latiori ; segmento ventrali apicali profunde subrotundatim excavato. [Long. 2J-, lat. 1 J- lines. 208 NOTES ON AUSTRALIAN COLEOPTERA. This species, by its comparatively short antennae and other characters, seems to be allied to B. sartor, Suff., and sutor, Sufi", which, however, are described as considerably larger insects with black antennee. The scutellum not being elevated behind above the level of the elytra gives the present species a facies somewhat dififerent from that of its described congeners, but I think this character is due merely to the part of the elytra immediately behind the scutellum being itself somewhat gibbose. Victoria ; Alpine district. 209 NOTES ON THE FAMILY BRACHYSCELID.E, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. Part II. By Walter W. Froggatt, Technological Museum, Sydney. (Plate vin.) The second part of my Notes on this group contains descriptions of gall-making coccids belonging to the genera Ojnsthoscelis and Ascelis, which were formed by H. L. Schrader in his second paper entitled "Further Communications on the Gall-making Coccidse," published in the Proceedings of the Entomological Society of New South Wales, Vol. i. p. 6 (1862). These genera he defined as follows : " Ojnsthoscelis where they have only two long posterior legs" ; and ^'Ascelis where there are no vestiges of legs." I have examined a large amount of material and have come to the conclusion that Ojnsthoscelis subrotunda, Schrader, the type of the genus, is a very distinct species ; but 0. gracilis^ in my opinion, is only a variety of it. Not having all my notes on a number of other species of this genus quite ready, I hold them over for Part III., so that in the meantime I can examine several in their later stages of development. I have had some correspondence on the characteristics of these coccids with Mr. W. H, Maskell, who says that "The Group Brachyscelidce should be confined to those coccids in which the female has the last segment produced into 'a tail,' and that the fact of producing a gall alone does not constitute a Brachyscelid." Acting on the advice of such a well known authority on the Coccidce, I at present confine my observations to the coccids that can be placed in the above genera, considering that the peg-like anal projection of Opisthoscelis subrotunda, Schrader, and the more rounded tails of other " spine-gall "-making species, as well as the remarkable tubular appendage of Ascelis (though it is doubtful on 14 210 NOTES ON THE FAMILY BRACIIYSCELID.E, what portion of the coccid the latter is produced), to be well- defined tails. In this paper I have redescribed Schrader's species, of which he gave very meagre details ; and I have added two new species to the genus Ascelis. Opisthoscelis subrotunda, Schrader, Trans. Ent. Soc. N.S.W. 1862, Vol. i. p. 7, pi. III. figs. 1-0. 9. Gall 5 lines in diameter, round, dull green to j^ellow, growing upon leaves ; a small circular basal orifice in the centre of the brown button-like patch on the underside of the leaf; gall chamber small, closely enclosing the coccid, the walls thick, showing a radiating structure when cut across. 5. Larv?e pale red, with semitransparent legs and antennae ; enclosed in an oval white egg-sac, on emerging from which they are very active ; antennae stout at base, composed of 4 (X) short joints surmounted by a bristle as long as the combined joints ; slightly lobed in centre of head ; body short, shield-shaped, rather pointed at the apex, with a distinct marginal rim, forming a fine serrate edge extending right round from the head to the tip of abdomen, a little more oval than round, abdominal segments narrow but distinct ; legs stout, long, tarsi terminating in two finely hooked claws ; anal segment with a long slender filament half the length of the whole insect, produced on either side. 9. Coccid (1st stage) reddish-yellow, almost oval but slightly constricted towards the tip of the abdomen, closely covered with fine downy hairs forming a fringe round the margin ; dorsal eyes small, round, black, and shining; the centre of the ventral surface of the second segment or fold with a pear-shaped orifice, which in live specimens under the microscope shows a regular throbbing movement ; on either side of the mouth a short pointed thiee- jointed leg ; the 2nd thoracic segment with a similar pair of legs slightly longer ; the 3rd thoracic segment with longer stouter legs, with elongated tibi?e. 9. Coccid 4 lines long, 3-| broad ; reddish-brown, covered with close fine hairs ; dorsal surface rounded, broadest at the top, tapering to the anal tip, segmental divisions distinct ; ventral BY W. W. FROGGATT. 211 surface with the apex forming a rounded protuberance in the centre and a fold-like margin on the outer edges down to the anal appendage, of six broad segments, the 2nd and 3rd thoracic segments without any signs of legs, the 3rd with two long legs, the femora small but stout, the tibiae medium, of uniform thick- ness, tarsal joint as long or longer than tibia, of a uniform thickness, rounded at tip, without any sign of tarsal claw ; anal appendage a rounded peg-like tail, which fits into and closes the basal orifice of the gall. ^. Galls unknown to me. Schrader says that they are small conical galls often growing upon the same leaves as the female ones. In only one instance have I found conical galls upon the same leaves ; these were very numerous, more rounded at the apex than those described and figured by Schrader, and appeared ]nuch more like aborted female galls. (J. Coccid : Schrader says, " of a red colour, with anal seta3, the body, legs, and antennae very hirsute ; length about two lines." Hab. — The female galls are very plentiful, generally found on the leaves of young trees either growing singly or in twos or threes upon the leaves. At Sutherland, near Sydney, I found them very plentiful, and full grown in February and March on Eucalyptus capitellata. AscELis PR^MOLLis, Schrader, Trans. Ent. Soc. N.S.W. Vol. i. p. 7, 1862, pi. III. figs. p-x. 9. Gall round, from |- to J of an inch in diameter, green to dull yellow, growing upon the leaves either singly or in groups of two or three, often quite aborting the leaves ; basal orifice small, circular, opening on the underside of the leaf ; sometimes there is a false chamber, irregular in form (between the outer surface of the leaf and the gall), into which the basal orifice opens. Gall solid, with transverse structure, the innec coating thin and horny, closely fitting round the coccid. 9. Larva pale yellow, roundish-oval ; head rounded in front, with short conical 4-jointed antennte, eyes small, round, black, close behind the base of the antennse ; legs long, slender, termi- nating in two liooked claws at the tip of the tarsi. 212 NOTES ON THE FAMILY BRACHYSCELIDiE, 9. Coccid 2 lines long, varying much in size ; no signs of legs, eyes, or antennae ; body consisting of a shapeless, irregularly round; wrinkled, pale yellow mass ; anal appendage stout, cylin- drical, dark ferruginous, surrounded at the base by a flat ferru- ginous ring, apex of anal appendage tubular, with three slender finger-like projections, which always hold a small lump of gummy secretion, which, together with the tips of the caliper-like fingers, fit into and closely fill up the basal orifice. ^, Larv^ living with the female larvae in the female galls, in which they come to maturity; I have generally found from twenty to thirty in a mature female gall remaining long after the female larvse have escaped, pale pink to salmon red, rounded at the head and tapering to a point at the tip of the abdomen ; antennse stout at base, short, 4-jointed, and pointed at apex ; abdominal segments broad and distinct, legs stout, long, and terminating with two hooked claws. g. Coccid with the head and thorax crimson to reddish-salmon colour ; legs and antenna3 semitransparent ; dorsal eyes black, globular, small, and very close together ; antennae short, com- posed of nine elongate oval joints slightly stalked at the base, wdth the last two somewhat tapering, thickly clothed with short stout hairs ; front of head square across, constricted at the eyes, which are placed behind the base of the antennae, swelling out into a rounded lobe behind them, truncate at the junction with the prothorax ; the latter narrow ; mesothorax broad, with the central lobe large, almost square, horn-coloured, and marked with two crescent-shaped lines in front ; metathorax sloping at apex ; wings opaline, semiopaque, with broad stout longitudinal and trans- verse discoidal veins, the whole closely covered w4th fine short hairs ; legs long, slender, and very hairy : abdomen semitrans- parent, long, slender, lance-shaped ; 1st joint longest, slightly constricted at the apex; 2nd and 3rd medium, shorter, cylin- drical ; 4th half the length of third ; 5th and 6th very small and short; 7th lance-shaped, pointed, and moved readily from side to dide during life. ^ah. — The galls are plentiful in the neighbourhocd of Sydney, growing upon the leaves of Eucalyj^tiis corymhosa, and in my BY W. W. FROGGATT. 213 experience only upon this species ; they vary much in size, as also does the female coccid. Last March I found large numbers at Sutherland, the Opisthoscelis growing upon E. capitellata close by. ASCELIS SCHRADERI, n.sp. 9. Gall an irregular rounded blister J inch in diameter, two lines in thickness, forming a cavity or blister in the centre of the leaf ; pale yellow to reddish-brown ; apical orifice small, cylin- drical on the upper side of the leaf, the anal appendage filling up the orifice but not coming to the surface of the leaf. ^. Larva pale yellow, flat, round, with the abdomen coming to a point at tlie tip ; eyes round, wide apart, with an angular mark behind them and a similar mark below at the junction of the abdomen and thorax ; abdominal segments narrow, but sharply defined ; antennae very short ; legs rudimentary. The larvae at this stage have left the female gall and are half- buried in the young leaves ; the leaf tissue apparently grows over them, as perfect galls very little bigger than the coccids are numerous on the leaves. 9. Coccid pale yellow, 2-3 lines in diameter, an irregular wrinkled the rounded mass without any vestiges of legs, antennae, or eyes ; anal appendage more slender than in A. pnemolliSj surrounded with a similar band or ring at the base, and truncate at the tip, without the finger-like appendages, and apparently solid, not tubular. (J. Larva pale yellow to bright crimson, the antennae 4-jointed, short and stout, coming to a point at the tip, situated on either side of a projecting angular forehead in front of the eyes, the latter small and globular, placed behind the base of the antennae, wide apart ; the body swelling out behind the eyes and tapering down to the apex of the abdomen ; legs short, slender, covered with short hairs, and terminating in two finely hooked claws ; abdominal segment and outer margins of the others rounded and fringed with fine hairs, with fine hairs upon the lower half of the segments. (J. Coccid diflfering in no distinctive character from that of the previous species. 214 NOTES ON THE FAMILY BRACHYSCELIDiE. This Ascelis gall was known to Scliracler, who mentions them in his paper previously quoted as "large flat swelliugs on both sides of the leaves " ; but he evidently considered it to be another form of A. 2)raimoUis. Though both grow upon Eucalyptus corymhosa in the same localities, yet I have never found both growing on the same tree. Ascelis attenuata, n.sp. 9. Galls very small, J line in diameter; reddish-brown, flat and swelling out on either side of the leaf, with the apical orifice on the upper side as in the former species. 9, Coccid a pale yellow wrinkled mass, with a very long and slender cylindrical anal appendage, truncate at the tip, surrounded at the base by a broad dark brown ring or band. Hah. — Thornleigh, N.S.W. ; in January ; on the foliage of Eucalyjytus 2)i2)e7'ifa. EXPLANATION OF PLATE VIII. Ascelis j^^'Cf^inoUis, Schrader. Fig. 1. — Female galls. Fig. la. — Male larva. Fig. lb. — Female coccid, viewed from above. Fig. Ic. — Female coccid, viewed from the side. Fig. Id. — Male coccid with the eyes round, and only just divided from each other. Ojnsthoscelis subrotimda, Schrader. Fig. 2. — Female galls. Fig. 2a. — Female coccid in first stage. Fig. 2b. — Female coccid, full grown (front view). Fig. 2c. — Female coccid (back view). Ascelis Schraderi^ n.sp. Fig. 3. —Galls. Fig. .3a. — Female in first stage when entering the leaf. Fig. 3b.— Male larva. Fig. 3c. — Female, viewed from above. Ascelis attenuata, n.sp. Fig. 4. — Female galls. Fig. -ta. — Female coccid, viewed from the side. 215 ON THE HABIT AND USE OF NARDOO (MARSILEA DUUMMONDII, A.Br.), TOGETHER WITH SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE INFLUENCE OF WATER- PLANTS IN RETARDING EVAPORATION. By Tiios. L. Bancroft, M.B., Edin. (Communicated hy J. H. Maiden, F.L.S., F.C.S.) I lately had an opportunity to visit the south-western corner of Queensland, journeying there via South Australia and returning eastward across Queensland. Nardoo was first encountered in quantity near Lake Koppera- mana on Cooper's Creek. I learnt that the blacks in that district, and indeed all over the watershed of the Cooper, Diamantina, and Georgina Rivers, still made use of it as in the days of Burke and Wills ; and also that the plant is a Marsilea, as had been originally stated, but doubted by some, who thought it impossible that sufficient involucres (sporocarps) to serve for food could be obtained from a Marsilea, the Nardoo of Burke and Wills being regarded by them as the seed of Seshariia aculeata, Pers. I found also that Nardoo did not grow in'permanent water nor in swamps; it was no more a water-plant than Lignum (MiMenheckia Cun- ninghamii, F.v.M.), Blue-bush (Chenopodium auricomum, Lindl.), or Coolibar (Eucali/ptus bicolor, A. Cunn.), with which it was associated ; it grew only on country subject to inundation and never on sand hills or on stony plains. It is perennial in habit, with a creeping rhizome, the growing end of which remains alive even through a drought, and throws up fronds and involucres after rain or after having been irrigated by flood water. I could not satisfy myself that it propagated by spores. The leaves close up at night. The plant is an ornamental one and would be a valu- able addition to the fernery. 216 ON THE HABIT AND USE OF NARDOO, Windorah, on the Cooper, is the nearest place to Brisbane that I saw it growing ; roots which I brought from there grew into vigorous plants outside, but the continuous rain in February last proved too much and they died, only one ]30t, which was under cover, surviving. In a day one could gather about a hundred- weight of the dried roots with involucres attached, from which perhaps forty pounds of involucres could be picked ; ten pounds might easily enough be obtained daily by one person, which amount would be sufficient for a whole camp of blacks, Nardoo is not a wholesome substance eaten alone, but in addition to other food is a useful adjunct. At Annandale I had the opportunity to witness the gins preparing Nardoo damper. The involucres, which are very hard, are pounded between two stones ; a handful of them is held in the left hand and fed to a stone on the ground, a few grains being allowed to drop from the hand by separating, abducting the little finger, a smart blow being struck with a stone in the right hand, which eSectually pulverises every grain at once ; it is surprising with what rapidity they can do this work. The flour is mixed with water, kneaded to a dough, and baked in the ashes. The civilised blacks, who were supplied with wheaten flour from the station, were not too proud to make and eat Nardoo damper. To ascertain if floating water-wesds retard evaporation, as has been stated, the following observations and experiments were made. Fresh-water plants, with a few exceptions, will not grow in water deeper than five feet ; some few, such as Nymphcea and Nelumhium, grow in ten feet, and under very favourable condi- tions in deeper water, but fifteen feet might be taken as the absolute limit that any fresh-water plant, rooting at the bottom, will grow. These large water-lilies require shallow water wherein to establish themselves and extend gradually to deeper water. It would be hard to start them in deep water from the first. BY T. L. BANCROFT. 217 Reservoirs and permanent waterholes are seldom less than ten feet deep, generally more, so that it would be impracticable, even were it desirable, to grow weeds in them. Of course such plants as Lemna and Azolla might be grown, provided the surface water was not agitated much by wind. A number of glass cells each of the capacity of one gallon of water were arranged some with and some without water-weeds ; one series was placed outside in the sun, another series in the shade and under cover. Duckweed (Lemna), Azolla, and the Blue water-lily (Nyinj)h(m gigantea. Hook.) were the plants used. From these experiments it was seen that evaporation was neither retarded nor hastened. Oil floating in a thin layer on the surface, however, hindered evaporation very considerably. Artificial dams and reservoirs of any kind should of course be made as deep as possible with the object of preventing the water becoming hot, and as presenting the least surface for evaporation. Brisbane, May 9th, 1893. 218 NOTES AND EXHIBITS. A slab of white argillaceous sandstone was exhibited by Pro- fessor David, showing at least five, possibly nine or ten, leaves of the fossil fern Glossopieris attached to a thick stem, showing prominent leaf-scars. The specimen was obtained from the Western Coalfield, between Mudgee and Merriwa, and was pre- sented to the Geological Department of the University of Sydney by M. J. C. McTaggart, B.E., of the Water Conservation Branch, Department of Mines. The discovery of this specimen is likely to throw important light on the structure and affinities of what was probably the predominant and most important member of the flora of the productive Coal-Measures of New South Wales, Queensland, Southern Africa, India and China. Mr. Froggatt showed specimens and drawings of galls and coccids described in his paper. Also examples of a fungoid growth upon the scales of an homopterous insect which attacks the leaves of a Eucalypt, from Sutherland, near Sydney. Mr. Rainbow exhibited specimens of a remarkable spider, at present undetermined, from Waterfall and from the Clarence River. Mr. Maiden exhibited for Dr. Bancroft a photograph of a flourishing pot plant of Marsilea Dmmmondii grown by him. 219 WEDNESDAY, JULY 26th, 1893 The President, Professor David, B.A., F.G.S., in the Chair. DONATIONS. '' Gesellschaft fiir Erdkunde zu Berlin — Zeitschrift." Bd. xxviii. (1893), No. 1 : " Yerhandlungen." Bd. xx. (1893), Nos. 4-5. From the Society. *'Perak Government Gazette." Yol. vi. (1893), Nos. 13-16. From the Government Secretary. " Department of Mines and Agriculture, New South Wales — Annual Report, 1892-93." From the Hon. the Minister for Mines and Agriculture. "Catalogue of South Australian Minerals." By H. Y. L. Brown, F.G.S,, Government Geologist. From the Author. "Pharmaceutical Journal of Australasia." Yol. vi. (1893), No. 6. From the Editor. *' Zoologischer Anzeiger." xvi. Jahrg., Nos. 420-421 (May- June, 1893). From the Editor. "Societe Beige de Microscopie— Bulletin." T. xix. (1893), Nos. 6-7. F^'om the Society. " Societe d'Horticulture du Doubs, Besan9on — Bulletin." Nou- velle Serie, No. 29 (May, 1893). From the Society. "University of Sydney— Calendar for 1893": "Chancellor's Address" (April 8th, 1893). From the Senate. "Royal Society of South Australia — Transactions." Yol. xvi. Part 2 ; Yol. xvii. Part 1. From the Society. 220 DONATIONS. "Entomological Society of London — Transactions, 1893." Part 2. From the Society. '• Asiatic Society of Bengal — Journal." Vol. Ixi. Part i. No. 4 and Extra Number (1892), Part ii. No. 3 (1892): "Proceedings, 1892." No. 10 ; 1893, No. 1. From the Society, " British Museum (Natural History) — Catalogue of the British Echinoderms" (1892): " Lepidoptera Heterocera." Part ix. (1893) : "Guide to Sowerby's Models of British Fungi" (1893). From the Trustees. " Royal Society of London — Proceedings." Vol. Hi. Nos. 319- 320 ; Vol. liii. No. 321. From the Society. " Museo di Zoologia ed Anatomia comparata della R. Universita di Torino -Bollettino." Vol. vii. (1892), Nos. 133-135; Vol. viii. (1893), Nos. 136-150. From the University. " Societe Royale Malacologique de Belgique — Annales." T. xv. 2"^^ Ease. (1880); T. xxvi. (1891): " Proces-Verbaux." T. xx. (July - December, 1891); T. xxi. (January - September, 1892). Frojn the Society. " American Museum of Natural History — Bulletin." Vol. iv. (1892). From the Museum. " Boston Society of Natural History — Proceedings." Vol. xvi. Part 2 (1873-74); Vol. xxv. Parts 3 and 4 (1891-92): "Memoirs." Vol. iv. No. 10 (1892). From the Society. ^'American Philosophical Society — Proceedings." Vol. xxx. No. 139 (1892). From the Society. "Rochester Academy of Science — Proceedings." Vol. ii. Bro- chure 1 (1892). From the Academy. " Denison University, Ohio— Bulletin." Vol. vii. (1892). From the Denison Scientific Association. " Royal Society of Tasmania — Papers and Proceedings for 1892." Fro7n the Society. "American Naturalist." Vol. xxvii. No. 318 (June, 1893). From the Editors. DONATIONS. 221 "United States Department of Agriculture — Division of Orni- thology and Mammalogy— Bulletin No. 3" (1893). From the Secretary of Agriculture. "Johns Hopkins University Circulars." Vol. xii. (1893), No. 106. From the University. " Zoological Society of London — Transactions." Vol. xiii. Part 6 (1893): "Proceedings, 1893." Parti: " Abstract," 6th June, 1893. From the Society. "Victorian Naturalist." Vol. x. No. 3 (July, 1893). From the Field Naturalists^ Club of Victoria. " Geological Survey of India — Records." Vol. xxvi. Part 2 (1893). From the Director. "Hooker's Icones Plantarum." Vol. iii. Part 3 (May, 1893). From the Director, Eoyal Gardens, Kew. "Australian Museum, Sydney — Catalogue, No. xv. — Catalogue of the Marine Shells of Australia and Tasmania." Part iii. By John Brazier, C.M.Z.S., F.L.S. (1893). From the Trustees. " Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences — Transactions." Vol. viii. Part 2 ; Vol. ix. Part 1. From the Academy. " Australasian Journal of Pharmacy." Vol. viii. No. 91 (June, 1893). From the Editor, " New Zealand Institute — Transactions and Proceedings for 1892." Vol. XXV. From the Neio Zealand Institute. "Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science. Hobart, 1892 — Report." Vol. iv. From the Association. "Agricultural Gazette of N.S.W." Vol. iii. (Index and Con- tents); Vol. iv. Part 6 (June, 1893). From the Hon. the Minister for 3 fines and Agriculture. " Natnrhistorisches Museum in Hamburg — Mittheilungen." X. Jahrgang, Erste Halfte (1892). From the Museum. 222 NOTE ON A YOUNG MALE FROG, PAPERS READ. NOTE ON AN ABNORMAL CONNECTION OF THE RENAL-PORTALS IN A YOUNG MALE FROG (LIMNODYNASTES PERONII). By Jas. R Hill, F.L.S. In this specimen dissected in the Biological Laboratory, Sydney University, the renal-portal of each side was in direct connection with the post-caval. Each femoral vein divided in the usual way into pelvic and renal-portal veins. The pelvics were ex- ceedingly large, and united in the normal way to form the anterior abdominal. The renal-portal of the right side ,^ ^ (r.r.p. in tigure) was also very — rft much enlarged. It passed forwards, skirting the outer dorsal border of the kidney, but instead of dying away anteriorly it was continued on as a well-marked vessel which passed round the anterior border of the kidney and became continuous with the post-caval. No afferent renal vessels could be made out either in the fresh state or after injection, and sections of the kidney also failed to reveal their presence. The renal-portal of the left side (l.r.p.) was a much smaller vessel and more normal in appearance. It passed along the outer border of the kidney of that side in the usual way, 2?.c,, post-caval ; r.r.j). and l.r.p., right and left renal-por- tals ; l.a.r., left afferent renals ; r.e.r. and Le.7\, right and left efferent renals ; d.L, doi so-lum- bar ; d. a. , dorsal aorta ; g. v. , genital vein ; wr, , ureters. BY J. P. HILL. 223 giving off a number of afferent renal veins (l.a.r.). Its anterior entl, however, was continued as a small vessel which passed across the ventral surface of the kidney a short distance from its anterior end. It received two small factors from the kidney and then entered the post-caval some distance behind the point of union of the right renal-portal with that vessel. The inter-renal portion of the postcaval was singularly asym- metrical. Instead of lying medianly between the two kidneys and arising from two sets of symmetrically disposed efferent renal vessels, it took its origin from the ventral surface of the left kidney, some distance from its posterior end, receiving as it passed obliquely forwards over the ventral surface, several small efferent renal vessels (l.e.r.) from the kidney substance. The efferent vessels from the right kidney (r.e.r.) were represented by, at the most, two vessels ; of these the anterior one entered the post-caval opposite the point of union of the left renal-portal with that vessel. The posterior one joined the post-caval at the point where it left the ventral surface of the left kidney. On the right side the vessel bringing back the blood from the dorsal body wall passed back obliquely and entered the renal- portal some distance behind its connection with the post-caval. On the left side the corresponding vessel entered the renal-portal, about the level of the middle region of the kidney, the more usual condition. The blood from the testes and fatty bodies entered the post-caval by a well-marked vessel (g.v.) just in front of the point of union of the left renal-portal with the post-caval. Taking into consideration the great size of the pelvics and of the right renal-portal, the absence of right afferent renals and the small size of the inter-renal part of the post-caval, very little blood seems to have passed through the kidneys, and especially through the right one, the greater part of the blood from the posterior extremities passing into the enlarged pelvics, part also passing along the right renal-portal directly into the post-caval. The blood-supply of the left kidney seemed more normal, since distinct afferent renals were present, and since the afferent renals 224 NOTE ON A YOUNG MALE FROG. which in great part made u[> the inter-renal portion of the post- caval arose from it. This connection of the renal-portals with the post-caval has some significance from a developmental point of view. Hochstetter has shown"*^ that the post-caval vein of amphibia is to be regarded as a compound vessel and due to the fusion of an unpaired pre-renal portion formed independently of the cardinals, with an inter-renal portion formed by the fusion of the posterior portions of the posterior cardinals ; and he figures the stages in the development of these and other parts of the venous system in Salamandra atra. In the youngest condition the posterior cardinals are shown as arising from the bifurcation of the caudal vein. Then in the region of the kidneys the cardinal of each side splits into a loop of two longitudinal vessels. On the fusion of the undivided portions of the cardinals anterior to the kidneys, the two inner vessels lose their posterior connection and form, together with the fused cardinals, the inter-renal portion of the post-caval. The outer limbs of the two loops lose their anterior connection with the cardinals and form two longitudinal vessels ( Jacobson's veins), which constitute the renal-portals. Jacobson's veins are later joined posteriorly by the iliacs in the frog, and the renal-portal of the adult is thus constituted. The condition in the specimen under consideration is thus seen to be due to the persistence in the adult of the original anterior connection between Jacobson's veins and the posterior cardinals, now fused to form the posterior part of the post-caval. Howes has described! a specimen of Ranct temporaria in which the anterior portion of the posterior cardinal persisted on the left side, forming an azygos vein, with which the renal-portal of that side was in direct communication. In my specimen no traces of azygos veins were present, and since it shows in the adult the persistence by arrested growth of a condition usually passed through in the larval state, I have thought it worth recording. * Morph. Jahrb. Bd. xiii. p. 160. t Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 122. 225 ON A NEW SPECIES OF COCCID ON FERN-ROOTS. By W. M. Maskell. (Communicated by A. Sidney Olliff.) (Plate VII. figs. 1-4.) I received some months ago from Mr. A. Sidney OllifF six specimens of a coccid found at Kiirrajong Heights in New South Wales by Messrs. J. J. Fletcher and C. T. Musson on roots of Doodia aspera. Various causes have prevented me from thoroughly examining these specimens until lately, but having now been able to do so, I find that they belong undoubtedly to the Lecanid group, and their subterranean habit and six-jointed antennse place them in the genus Lecanopsis, Targioni-Tozzetti, of which two or three European species are known. The present insecb differs from these in size and colour, as well as in its mucli more convex and rugose form; and I therefore propose to consider it as a new species. Group LECANIDTN^. Subdivision LECANID.E. Genus Lecanopsis, Targioni-Tozzetti. Insects subterranean, attached to roots of grass or other plants ; adult females presenting the normal abdominal cleft and lobes, and with anteniiie of six joints. Feet present. Mentum monomerous. Lecanopsis filicum, sp.nov. Adult female dark red-brown ; dorsum very convex, the heigiit being nearly equal to the length ; ventral surface flat or slightly concave, with small patches of white cotton between it and the 15 226 ON A NEW SPECIES OF COCCID ON FERN-ROOTS. root ; margin elliptical, slightly flattened. Abdomen exhibiting a shallow cleft with the usual two dorsal lobes ; but the cleft is scarcely noticeable, being hidden by the dorsal convexity. Cephalic region comparatively smooth ; abdominal re.cjion con- spicuously segmented. The body at gestation becomes full of eggs and partially developed larvae. Antennae short, rather thick, conical, with six short subequal joints, of which the last bears a few hairs. Feet also short, partly atrophied, the joints somewhat swollen ; claw very small. Rostrum moderate ; men- tum monomerous. Early stages and male not observed. Hah. — Kurrajong Heights, New South Wales ; under ground, on rhizome and roots of Doodia aspera. The six-jointed antennae may be considered as a sufficient character for the separation oi Lecanopsis from Lecanium ; the subterranean habitat would not by itself suffice. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Lecanoims filicum. Fig. 1. — Root of Doodia, with insects. Fig, 2. — The same, enlarged. Fig. 3. — Antenna of female. Fig. 4. — Foot of female. 227 ON A NEW SKINK LIZARD FROM TASMANIA. By C. Frost, F.L.S., and A. H. S. Lucas, M.A., B.Sc. Hemisph.eriodon tasmanicum, sp.nov. iSnout short, obtuse. Frontonasal broader than long, in contact with the rostral ; prtefrontals forming a median suture ; three supraoculars ; six supraciliaries ; a series of small intraorbitals ; from one to four pairs of nuchals ; fifth upper labial entering the 01 bit. Ear-opening round, smaller than the eye-opening. Scales smooth, twenty-six round the middle of the body. Adpressed limbs widely separated. Tail cylindrical, about as long as the head and body. Colour : Dark olive-brown above ; undersurfaces greyish or brownish ; throat immaculate ; tail with a series of dark wavy narrow transverse bands. Dimensions: Total length, 207mm.; head, 16mm; width of head, 11mm.; body, 87 mm,; fore limb, 17 mm.; hind limb, 2.3 mm. ; tail, 104 mm. Locality : About Lake St. Clair, Tasmania (collected by Pro- fessor Spencer). Hemisphoiriodoa has been so far a monotypic genus, including only the banded species, H. gerrardii, Gray, occurring in Queens- land. The present species has the aspect of H. gerrardii, but is at once distinguished from it by the uniform coloration. The enlarged lateral tooth on each side of each jaw while distinctly larger than the other teeth cannot be termed enormous by com- parison with them. The special interest in the species is its atfinity to the Queensland species. Of course the genus may be met with hereafter in intermeidate localities, but we have not 228 ON A NEW SKINK LIZAUD FROM TASMANIA. seen it in Victoria, uor is there a record of its occurrence in New South Wales. We have, it will be remembered, a similar but even more remarkable distribution in the case of Physignathus lesueurii, where the same species occurs in Queensland and in Gippsland streams, but not in the intervening rivers.* These remarks were based on the information given as to localities in the B. M. Catalogue (second edition). Subsequently we ascertained that both the species referred to have been recorded from the Clarence River, N.S.W., H. gtrrardii by the late Mr, Krefft ("Australian Vertebrata," 1871) and Physifjnathushy Dr. Giinther [Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3), xx. p. 51 (1867)]. 229 DESCRIPTION OF A NEW CYSTIGNATHOID FROG FROM NEW SOUTH WALES. By J. J. Fletcher. In March, 1887, Mr. A. G. Hamilton kindl}^ sent me a large and remarka'ble frog ((J) from the Blue JMts., new to me, whose systematic position it was a somewhat perplexing matter to .settle. With the tympanum distinct, the vomerine teeth between the inner nostrils, and the pupil vertical, it was evidently very nearly allied to Heleiojyoriis and Cliiroleptes as at present defined — and to one apparently about as closely as to the other, yet without being satisfactorily referable to either, for the first finger is not opposite to the others whereas the tympanum is very distinct. As only one specimen was forthcoming, and it was not possible to decide how far the distinctness of the tympanum was merely an individual character ; and also as H. alhopunctatuSy Gr., had been recorded by two European authors as a Sydney frog — as I now think on erroneous grounds — the best course seemed to be to refer Mr. Hamilton's frog provisionally and with some doubt to Gray's species, and I accordingly did so. Some time afterwards I had under observation, for the first time, living specimens of what was evidently Chiroleptes j^^ctty- cephalus, Gthr., and one of C. australis, Gr. ; and in these t noticed that the pupil was horizontal and not vertical as men- tioned in the B. M. Catalogue. (,)n sending a well-preserved S}>ecimen to Mr. G. A. Boulenger with a statement of my diffi- culty, that gentleman with his usual courtesy kindly looked into the matter, and he h.as recently informed me that a horizontal and not a vertical pupil is correctly attributable to Chirolej^tes. This point being settled, it is now clear that Mi\ Hamilton's frog is more closely allied to Ueleioporus than to Chiroleptes, as indeed from the more striking resemblance to the former in habit one instinctively felt. 230 A NEW CYSTIGNATHOID FROG FROM N.S.W., Until recently all efforts to acquire additional information or specimens have been unsuccessful ; but in July of last year Mr. W. W. Froggatt one day brought me a living specimen evidently of the same species but of the other sex, quite as large as Mr. Hamilton's example and M^ith the tympanum just as distinct, but with the skin less shagreened and without horny tubercles on the fingers. This specimen w^as found under a heap of leaves in an orchard at Thornleigh, near Sydney ; and it became very interesting to know that this fine species was a member of the batrachian fauna of the County of Cumberland. A few weeks ago Mr. R. Helms brought me a third specimen, a juvenile about half grow^n, forwarded by one of our Members, Mr. L. Woolrych, of Dural, near Parramatta, who found it six inches below ground; this individual also has the tympanum distinct. Finally last April I was fortunate in finding a fourth specimen near Manly ; and like the three earlier specimens it was discovered quite by accident. I had been out for a day's ramble without having met with anything of particular interest, but on the way home when walking along a bush track which I have often traversed I came to a little creek crossing the track and running after recent rain when my attention was aroused partly by an unfamiliar subterranean noise, evidently that of a strange frog though hardly to be called a croak, and i)artly by the sight of a large frothy patch of spawn which seemed to be worth investi- gating. Finally close by the sjDawn I found a hole in the bank out of which in response to the necessary stimulus there presently emerged, to my great satisfaction, the fine frog (^) exhibited alive at our last Meeting. With four specimens at command, three of which have been under observation while living, there is no longer any room for doubt that the distinct tympanum is a constant character in this frog ; and hence the necessity for regarding the species not only as distinct from H. alhojjunctatus, Gr., but as not even referable to the genus Heleioporus as at present defined. Speaking of the auditory organ in the CystignathidcE Mr. Boulenger says " it exhibits all the possible degrees of development. Several genera, BY J. J. FLETCHER. 231 viz. Crinia, Hylodes^ kc, prove that too great an importance has been attached to the modilications of this organ, and in most cases I must refuse to admit them as generic characters." It may be that it is attaching undue weight to the character "tympanum concealed" to rank it as of generic importance in Heleioporus. On the other hand two species of the genus are already known, and the character in question is allowed due weight in discriminating Cri/ptotis and Phanerotis; and therefore as the definition of the genus, as it at present stands, excludes the frog now under consideration the best course open to me seems to be to propose a new genus for it. Reference has already been made to the fact that Heleiojjorus albopunctatus, Gr., has by two authorities been recorded as a Sydney frog, namely in the second edition of the British Museum Catalogue, and by Keferstein in his well-known paper — records the correctness of which I believe to be open to doubt on the following grounds. Mr. Krefft knew this frog well enough ; nevertheless in his three lists of Australian frogs published during the years 1867-71 he gives as the habitat of H. albopunc- tatus King George's Sound ; or Western Australia (particularly King George's Sound), Murray River, North Australia (?) ; or West and North Australia"^ : never does he include it among the species known to occur in New South Wales. Nor have local col- lectors of a later date been any more successful in finding it in this colony. It is very remarkable therefore that the single specimen from Sydney in the British Museum should stand recorded in tlie Catalogue as presented by Mr. Krefft ; and that Keferstein's five su])posed Sydney specimens should have been part of a collection supplied either by Mr. Krefft himself or by the late Dr Schuette who in his turn probably obtained all, or all but the Sydney specimens forwarded by him, from Mr. Krefft. Moreover the last of Mr. Krefft's papers appeared in " The Industrial Progress * Evidently Mr. Krefft is only quoting most of these localities on the authority of Dr. Giinther [B. M, Catalogue (first edition) and Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. July, 1867 (3), xx. p. 54] ; not so, however, in regard to King Oeorge's Sound. 232 A NEW CYSTIGNATHOID FROG FROM N.S.W., of New South Wales" published about the middle of 1871, wheieas Keferstein's is to be found in Archiv fiir Naturgesch. xxxiii. Jalirg. 1 Bd., on the title-page of which the year of publication is given as 1868. Whether some of the material was supplied without locali- ties being given, and, as has so often been the case with other Australian animals, the writer having received it from Sydney thereupon concluded that that was the correct habitat and so recorded it ; or whether Mr. Krefft was sometimes careless in labelling the specimens sent to his correspondents, it is needless to inquire. The fact remains that several of the localities given by Keferstein are unquestionably wrong. For example, besides H. alhoininctatus he records from Sydney Limnodijnasfes salminii^ L. ornatus (both as Platy plectrum marmoratum and F. ornatum), and Hyla nasuta (as well as H. freycineti with which Mr. KreiFt would appear to have confounded it in recording H. nasuta as a Sydney species) ; whereas these species, as far as I am aware, are not to be found within the County of Cumberland nor yet even in the adjacent counties. Crinia georgiana, D. and B., for a purchased specimen recorded as from Sydney in the B, M. Cata- logue"^ ; and Hyla gracilenta, Gthr., recorded from Sydney in Dr. Boettger's " Katalog der Batrachier-Sammlung im Museum der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Frankfurt a. M." (1892), have in my opinion no better claim for recognition as Sydney frogs. In fact it is quite evident that if the Batracliian fauna of Sydney really included all the species with which at different times by different authors it has been credited, it would comprise a very considerable proportion of all the species recorded from Australia. And H. albojmnctatus and Crinia georgiana as I think should therefore be eliminated from the list of New South Wales frogs. Little is known of the habits of //. alhopunctatus. Like the Sydney frog described below it is evidently a burro wer of \evy retiring habits, for Mr. Masters, Curator of the Macleay Museum, " Still earlier [for the same specimen] by Dr. Giinther [Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. I.e. p. 53], a locality for this species never adopted by Mr. Krefi't. BY J. J. FLETCHER, 233 has been good enough to inform me that during a visit of some eight months' duration to West Australia in the year 1866 when collecting for the Australian Museum he met with this species only once, at King George's Sound after a thunderstorm with heavy rain succeeding an intensely hot day in April, when the frogs appeared in great numbers. Mr. Masters secured as many as he wanted, but he says that without much trouble he could have got a thousand individuals if he had wished. The next day they had disappeared, and he never encountered the frog again. The specimens obtained were brought to Sydney, and were ])0S- sibly included in the "340 specimens referable to 39 Species of Reptiles" mentioned in the Annual Report for 1869 as added to the Australian Museum Collection as the result of Mr. Masters' visit to West Australia. From this source not improbably came the specimens of this species which Mr. Krefl't distributed to his correspondents. Philocryphus, n.g. Allied to IIeleioj)orus and Chirolei)tes ; differing from the former chiefly by the distinct tympanum ; and from the latter by the vertical pupil, and the first linger not opposite to the others; as in both the diapophyses of the sacral vertebra are slightly dilated. P. FLAVOGUTTATUS, n.Sp. Habit stout. Tongue subcircular, slightly nicked and free behind. Vomerine teeth in a transverse interi-upted series between the choanse. Head broader than long ; snout rounded, shorter than the orbital diameter ; without canthus rostralis ; nostril obviously nearer the eye than the tip of the snout ; inter- orbital space not quite so broad as the upper eyelid, the latter warty ; tympanum very distinct, about two-thirds the diameter of the eye, usually with a few small warts. Fingers blunt, free ; first finger longer than second ; a tubercle between the first and second, and the second and third fingers as in L. dorsalis : toes short, blunt, with a thick distinct basal webbing ; subarticular 234 A NEW CYSTIGNATIIOID FROG FROM N.S.W., tubercles present, those of the fingers larger than those of the toes ; inner metatarsal tubercle only present, large, compressed, blunt. Limbs short, stout ; the tibio-tarsal articulation of the adpressed hind limb reaching to about the shoulder. Skin very glandular warty above; on the sides the warts more individualised, less confluent, a number of them lighter coloured, yellow during life ; a short fairly defined light-coloured glandular ridge, yellow in life, above the angle of the mouth below the tympanum : beneath smooth, but with a few small scattered pale warts about the chin and throat. Upper surfaces purplish-grey or bluish- black, in spirit tending to become olive-brown, the sides of the body and the region about the vent much spotted with yellow, the light tint of contiguous papillse sometimes confluent ; belly white, throat dusky. Male without vocal sac, with the skin more shagreened, many of the papillae on the sides and thioat having a black horny capping, and in the breeding season with a longitu- dinal row of from seven to ten or fewer acute black horny conical tubercles on the upper surface of the first, second, and third fingers, of which the proximal one on the first finger is very large. Three adults 79-85 mm. from snout to vent ; one (juv.) 38 mm. ; t\\o of the adults are preserved in a more or less completely distended condition, measuring 61 and 65 mm. respectively across the loins. ffab. County of Cook— Mt. Victoria, Blue Mts. (3fr. C. Hamilton): County of Cumberland — Thornleigh (Mr, W. W, Froggatt), Dural near Parramatta (Mr. L. S. WoolrychJ, near Manly (J.J.F.J. Apart from the distinct tympanum, and the more glandular warty upper surface, this species appears to differ from Heleio- porus albopunctatus, Gr., in respect of the glandular ridge below the tympanum, in the nostril being nearer the eye than to the tip of the snout, in the secondary sexual characters of the male, and apparently by the absence of parotoids of which I can find no trace. Cope* figures the sternum of II. alboj^unctatus as * Batrachia of North America, pi. lxx. fig. 18. BY J. J. FLETCHER. 235 undivided, narrowing posteriorly ; Keferstein, however, figures it as broadening posteriorly and notched slightly ; Philocryphics has it more widely and deeply notched than in Keferstein's figure, quite a bay in fact (in one specimen 5 mm. broad and about as deep), with narrow xyphisternal horns. Being unable to carry the ova on the occasion of finding the frog, T went again on the first opportunity a week later, in the hope also of getting the female. The spawn outside the hole had failed to develop, but inside, which was partly below the level of the water, was a considerable mass in good condition. The ova like those of Pseudoph7y7ie are unusually large, and the embryo has a large yolk sac ; the ova are not however laid as by that species in damp places out of the water, but in large white frothy masses like the spawn of Limnody7iastes dor sails or Hyla aurea, but with the noticeable diflferer.ce in the size of the individual ova. Unlike the embryos of Pseudophryne those of Philocryphus acquire large external gills before hatching, and they are ready for hatching in a shorter time (about a fortnight); from oV)servati(jns upon these I feel satisfied as to the correctness of my formerly expressed opinion that Pseudophryne embryos do not acquire functional external gills. It will be interesting to know how far Heleioporus and Chiroleptes — concerning whose life-history nothing is known at present — share in this interesting peculiarity, as at present I know of no other Cystignathoid frog with spawn of this character. The habit of distending itself, sometimes spontaneously, always when tickled or scratched on the back, is very marked in this S))ecies. Limnodynastes dorsalis, Chiroleptes platycephalus, and Notaden beimettii likewise have it, and they are all burrow^ers. Secondarily it may be of some protective value as a deterrent to their enemies ; but it is possibly of prime importance in their burrowing operations. Several times when keeping these frogs in a vivarium with several inches of loose earth on the bottom they entirely disappeared, leaving the surface so level and apparently undisturbed that without actually unearthing them their exact whereabouts was not evident. 236 A NEW CYSTIGNATHOID FROG FROM X S.W. Sometimes both the fingers and toes have apparently swollen tips ; these, however, as it seems to me, are merely callosities clue to wear and tear perhaps in burrowing in hard ground in a dry season. It is remarkable that this tiue species has been so long over- looked : it seems to he rare, as I have never met with similar spawn before ; it is evidently shy and of very retiring habits, and where I got my specimen there was so much cover that tlie chance of finding specimens except by accident seemed hopeless ; added to which I know of no describable croak that I can in any way connect with the frog. Nevertheless, as Mr. Woolrych noticed and reported, when the Dural specimen had his back stroked he would usually lift up his voice in a very ludicrous and surprising manner. 237 SOME NEW SOUTH WALES PLANTS ILLUSTRATED. By R. T. Baker, Assistant Curator, Technological Museum, Sydney. (Plate IX.) No. vi. Acacia subulata, BonpL, B.Fl. ii. 370. A tall glabrous shrub, attaining 10ft. or more, with erect slender slightly angular branches. Phyllodia narrow-linear, mucronulate, narrowed at the base, 3 to Gin. long, scarcely 1 line broad in some specimens, straight or nearly so, rather thin, 1 -nerved. Flower- heads several, globular, small, in slender axillary racemes, the peduncles almost filiform. Flowers about 12 to 20, very small, mostly 5-merous. Calyx thin, turbinate, usually toothed, fully half as long as the corolla, peduncles smooth. Pod (previously unrecorded) from 2 to 6 inches long, about 4 lines broad, flat, thin, glabrous, and nearly straight. Seeds ovate-longitudinal, funicle very long, dilated and coloured almost from the base, very flexuose, more or less encircling the seed in double folds. Log. — Forests of the Goulburn River. The specimen figured came from Bylong Cieek, on the upper course of the Goulburn River. EXPLANATION OF PLATE IX. Fig. 1. — Flowering specimen (nat. size). Fig. 2. — Unexpanded flower. Fig. 3. — Expanded flower. Fig. 4. — Pod (nat. size). Fig. 5.— Seed. Fig. 6.— Pistil. Fig. 7.— Phyllode (enlarged). Fig. 8.— Bracts. All enlarged to various extents except Figs. 1 and 4. 238 NOTES AND EXHIBITS. Mr. Maiden exhibiteAl flowering and fruiting specimens of Acronychia acidida, F.v.M., from the Richmond River. It is a plant new for New South Wales, having been recorded hitherto only from Queensland. Mr. North exhibited a specimen of Platycercus pennantii, received from Dr. P. Herbert Metcalfe, the Resident Medical Officer on Norfolk Island. This bird was separated from the continental form by Canon Tristam under the name of 2\ pennantii, var. 7iobbsi, on account of its smaller size, upon the suggestion and receipt of specimens from Mr. E. L. Layard, who stated all his birds of this species were the same size. The speci- men forwarded by Dr. Metcalfe is in immature plumage, but actually exceeds in its length of wing and tarsus typical Aus- tralian examples, thus confirming the opinion of Count Salvadori in his Catalogue of the Psittaci, who states that he found no difference in the size of the insular from the continental form, except that a specimen from Norfolk Island was even larger than any from Australia, and who ranks P. nohhsi as a synonym of P. elegans, of Gmelin (P. pennantii, of Lath.\ our well-known Australian species (Brit. Mus. Cat. Vol. xx. 1891). Mr. North also exhibited specimens of Graucalus melanops, Lath., and Ardea novce-hoUandice, Lath., recently obtained by Dr. Metcalfe for the first time on Norfolk Island. Mr. Lucas exhibited a specimen of the new Tasmanian lizard ; specimens of a Victorian frog ( Pseitdophryne semi-mar morata), and fossil plants from Joadja Creek, among them an interesting specimen showing impressions of sori. Mr. Froggatt exhibited specimens of the galls of Cecidomyia nuhilij^ennis, Sk., previously unrecorded, from Flemington, on the leaf-stalks of Eucalyptus siderophloia, and of the gnats bred there- from. Mr. Baker sent for exhibition flowering and fruiting specimens of Acacia siihulata figured in his paper, from the Upper Goulburn NOTES AND EXHIBITS. 239 River, N.S.W., and from Auburn fruiting specimens of A. pubes- cens, a species of which the characters of the fruit have not been recorded. Mr. Hedley exhibited a specimen of Nautilus pompiluf.s found by Mr. Whitelegge stranded on the beach at Curl Curl Lagoon, near Sydney, and he remarked that instances of this species drift- ing ashore on our coast had been recorded by Mr. Brazier, in the Catalogue of Marine Shells of Australia and Tasmania, p. 18. It has also been noticed by Mr. Johnston as wrecked on the Tasmanian coast. On the Queensland seaboard the speaker had frequently remarked it. There it is highly prized by the aborigines, who trade the shells as ornaments from tribe to tribe ; the time for its occurrence is said by the natives to coincide with the blossoming of the Bloodwood tree (Eucalyptus corymhosa). Associated with the Pearly Nautilus among the sea-drift on the northern coast are cocoanuts, so fresh as to be eagerly devoured by the blacks, aud pumice stone. The nuts might have floated from any tropical island in the Pacific ; the Nautilus shells are derivable from ,the narrower limits of the Solomons, the Fijis, and the New Hebrides, while the pumice would seem to be the product of the active volcanoes of the New Hebrides. The agent which strews these foreign ]>roducts on Australian coasts is probably not an ocean current, but the north-east trade-wind. Mr. J. Mitchell, Narellan, contributed the following " Note on the discovery of the genus Estheria in the Upper Coal Measures of N.S.W." :— On July 3rd inst., from beneath the second coal seam at Rellambi, in a cherty rock I obtained a very good specimen of the above, associated with Glossopteris linearis and G. broioniana (? ). It is worthy of note that this Estheria occurs associated with the same typical species of Glossopteris in the Illawarra district as the allied genus Leaia is found associated with in the Newcastle district ; that the character of the rocks in each case is identical or nearly so, and that the relative positions as compared with the coal seams in each locality are equally in concurrence. 240 WKHNK^DAY, AUUU8T 30x11, 1893. Professor Haswell, INl.A.. D.Sc, Vice-President, in tlie Chair, Mr. Norman H. Hardy, Svanev, Mr. J. Alexander Watt, B.A., Sydney University, and Pr. Arthur Dendy, F.L.S., Melbourne University, were elected Members of the Society. DONATIONS. "Royal Microscopical Society — Journal, 1893." Part 3. From the Societi/. " Uniyersity of MelI>ourne — Examination Papers'": Matricula- tion, Noyember, 1889 ; Annual, October and December, 1889 ; Final Honour, Deijrees, t^'C, February, 1890 ; Annual, October and December. 1891 ; Final Honour, Degrees, «i:c., February, 1892 ; Annual, October and December, 1892. From the Univer- sity. " Zoologischer Anzeiger." xvi. Jahrg. Xos. 422-424 (June-July, 1893). From the Editor. "Pharmaceutical Journal of Australasia.'' Vol. yi (1893), No. 7. From the Editor. " Department of ^Nlines, Victoria — Annual Rej:>ort for the year 1892." From the Hon. the Minister for Mines. " Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein zu Bremen — Beilage zum xii. Band " (1893). From the Society. " Societe d' Horticulture du Doubs, Besancon — Bulletin." Nouyelle Serie, No. 30 (June, 1893). From the Society. r DONATIONS. 241 " Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom — Journal." Vol. iii. (JSTew Series), No. 1 [1893]. From the Asso- ciation. " Department of Agriculture, Victoria — Handbook of the Des- tructive Insects of Victoria." Part ii. By C. French, F.L.S. (1893V From the Secretary of Agriculture, " Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou — Bulletin." Annee 1893, No. 1. From the Society. Pamphlet entitled — " The Glacier Epoch of Australia." By R. M. Johnston, F.L.S. (1893). From the Author. Four conchological pamphlets (1893). By E. A. Smith, F.Z.S. From the Author. " Perak Government Gazette." Vol. vi. (1893), Nos. 16-18. From the Government Secretary. South Australia—'' Additional Silurian and Mesozoic Fossils from Central Australia." By R. Etheridge, Junr. From the Government Geologist. "United States Department of Agriculture — Division of Ento- mology—Bulletin." No. 30 (1893). From the Secretary of Agriculture. " American Museum of Natural History — Bulletin." Vol. v. (1893) Sheets 6-8, pp. 81-128. From the Museum. " Zoological Society of Philadelphia — Twenty-first Annual Report" (1893). From the Society. " Societe Royale des Sciences, Upsal — Nova Acta." Ser. iii. Vol. XV. Fasc. 1 (1892). From the Society. "Societe Beige de Microscopie— Annales." T. xvii. P** Fasc. (1893). From the Society. "Journal of Conchology." Vol. vii. No. 7 (June, 1893). From the Conchological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. " Verein fiir Erdkunde zu Leipzig — Mitteilungen, 1892." From the Society. 16 242 DONATIONS. " Department of Agriculture, Brisbane — Bulletin." Nos. 23-24 (March and May, 1693). From the Under-Secretary for Agri- culture. "Archives Neerlandaises des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles." T. xxvii. l'*^ et 2"« Livs. (1893). From the Dutch Society of Sciences J Haarlem. "Johns Hopkins University Circulars." Vol. xii. No. 107 (June, 1893). From the University. "Australian Museum^ Sydney — Report of the Trustees for 1892." From the Trustees. Two conchological pamphlets. By Professor Ralph Tate and J. Dennant, F.G.S., F.C.S. (1893). From Professor Tate, F.G.S. " Victorian Naturalist." Vol. x. No. 4 (August, 1893). From the Field Naturalists^ Club of Victoria. " Comite Geologique, St. Petersbourg — Carte Geologique de la Russie d'Europe" (1893). From the Committee. " Bombay Natural History Society — Journal." Vol. viii. No. 1 (1893). From the Society. " College of Science, Imperial University, Japan — Journal." Vol. V. Part 4 (1893). Fro7n the University. '^Australasian Journal of Pharmacy." Vol. viii. No. 92 (August, 1893). From the Editor. Pamphlet entitled — " Notes and Analysis of a Metallic Meteo- rite from Moonbi, N. S. Wales." By J. C. Mingaye, F.C.S. From the Author. "Edible Fishes and Crustaceans of New South Wales" (1893). By J. Douglas Ogilby, F.L.S. From the Author. "Agricultural Gazette of N.S.W." Vol. iv. Part 7 (July, 1893). From the Hon. the Minister for Mines and Agriculture. "Royal Society of London — Proceedings." Vol. liii. Nos. 322-324. From the Society. DONATIONS. 243 "Linnean Society of London— Journal : Zoology." Vol. xxiv. Nos. 152-154 (1892-93); "Botany." Vol. xxix. Nos. 202-204 (1892-93) ; " List of Fellows, etc." (1892). From the Society. ''Linnean Society of London— Transactions." Second Series ''Botany." Vol. iii. Nos. 4-8 (1892-93): "Zoology." Vol. v Nos. 8-10 (1892-93). From C. Hedley, Esq., F.L.S. " Acad6mie Eoyale des Sciences et des Lettres de Danemark, Copenhague— Bulletin pour 1892," No. 3; 1893, No. 1. From the Academy. 244 PAPERS READ. NOTE ON COLINA BRAZIERI, TRYON. By Professor R. Tate. The above-named gastropoclous shell is described in Tryon's Manual of Conchology, Vol. ix. p. 142, and illustrated, t. 26, fig. 16. The occurrence of Colina in the Eocene beds of Victoria has led me to a study of the recent species, and in doing so I was arrested by the unlikeness of Tryon's figure, as above quoted, to other members of the genus ; moreover, the shell seemed familiar to me, and if I am right in my identification it is nothing more than the embryo of Fusus p7'oboscidife7'its, of which I have examples from Port Essington. The apical whorls of that shell are often decollated, but in some specimens there remains sufficient of the apex to permit one to arrive at the opuiioii just stated. Tryon says of it — " An aberrant form almost deserving to be made the type of a new group. The extreme fragility and form of the mouth indicate juvenility. Mr. Brazier sent us several specimens which all exhibit the above [diagnostic] characters." Colina, classed by Tryon and Fischer as a section of Cerithinm, is most related to Lovenella, as indicated by Cossmann, Coq. Foss. de I'Eocene de Paris, 1889, which the same authors make a section of Cerithioj)sis ; indeed, specimens of fossil species, under exami- nation, with an incomplete aperture are only distinguishable from Lovenella by the absence of that abrupt twist of the columella which characterises that genus, and in this state is simulated by Colina Brazieri. 245 NOTES ON AUSTRALIAN C0LE0PTP:RA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. By the Rev. T. Blackburn, B.A., Core. Mem. Part XIV. LAMELLICORNES (CETONIDES). DiLOCHROSis Frenchi, sp.nov. Oralis ; splendide viricUs, an tennis tarsisque piceis, capite suIj- tusprosterno coxis feiDoribusque anticis capillis fulvis ornatis; clypeo sat aiigusto sat elongato antice vix emarginato, fortiter crebre punctulato ; capite postice leevi ; antennarum clava quam articuli ceteri conjuncti subbreviori ; prothorace sat transverse, in medio sparsim subtiliter ad latera magis crebre sat fortiter punctulato (punctuiarum inter.stitiis subtilissime confertim punctulatis), postice quam antice plus quam duplo latiori, postice lobato (quam Hemij)haris vix minus fortiter), lobi profunde emarginati angulis rotundato-obtusis ; scutello ut Hemipharis confer mato confertim subtilissime punctulato ; elytris et confertim subtilissime et distincte (quam Hemi- pharis insularis multo magis fortiter) seriatim punctulatis, latera versus sat distincte transversim strigatis apicem versus ut //. insularis callosis, pone humeros parum sinuatis; pygidio concentrice sat fortiter strigato ; m.esosterni processu fere ut H. insularis sed ad apicem subreclinato ; tibiis anticis extus sat fortiter tridentatis, posterioribus extus infra medium spina fere ut D. ati'ijoennis, Macl. armatis ; tarsis fere ut Hemipharis insularis. [Long. 13, lat. 7 lines. The long and acuminate mesosternal process and strongly lobed ))rothorax of this species associate it with Hemipharis. M. Lacordaire considered Hemipharis a mere section of Schizorrhina, 246 NOTES ON AUSTRALIAN COLEOPTERA, but more recently Dr. Kraatz and M. Thomson have not only treated it as a distinct genus but have formed other genera at its expense. Some of these latter are, I think, very unsatisfactorily characterised, and founded on slight characters, even colour being treated as generic. Strictly speaking, this present insect cannot be referred to any of them, as its uniform metallic colouring distinguishes it from all except Uemipharis itself, wliile its scarcely emarginate clypeus and spinose posterior tibiae are incon- sistent with a place in that genus as limited by the abovenamed authors. I am unwilling, however, to propose a new genus, both because subdivision appears to me already to have been carried ratlKn- to an extreme in this group and because it is possible I may have overlooked some generic name of non-Australian species. As there is nothing except colour in this insect absolutely incon- sistent with a place in DilocJirosis as briefly characterised by M. Thomson, and as (apart from the form of the clypeus, which, according to the diagnosis, is variable in that genus) it seems to me nearly related to Schizorrhina atripennis, Macl., structurally, which Dr. Kraatz says is a Dilochrosis, I am probably not far wrong in adopting that name. The colour of this insect is a very dark but extremely brilliant green, and I know no other Schizor- rhinid bearing much resemblance to it. Its extremely short apical ventral segment and pygidium strongly gibbous hindward indicate its being a male. N. Queensland ; in the collection of C. French, Esq. DiAPHONIA LATERALIS, Sp.UOV. Sat nitida ; ferruginea, capite (clypei disco ferrugineo nigro- bimaculato) prothorace (lateribus exceptis) elytris (marginibus ad latera et apicem, basi summa et costa suturali exceptis late ferrugineis) pygidii basi propygidio corporis subtus suturis metasterni lateribus genubus tibiis tarsisque nigris vel nigro- piceis ; capite (parte mediana postica sublsevi excepta) sat fortiter sat crebre punctulato ; prothorace obsolete (valde leviter, in medio sparsissime vix manifesto latera versus pauUo magis crebre minus leviter) punctulato ; scutello BY THE REV. T. BLACKBURN. 247 puncturis nonnullis subobsoletis irapiesso ; elytris obscure costatis, inter costas intequaliter sat crasse punctulatis, latera versus fortiter transversim rugatis ; pygidio foititer gibboso longitadiiialiter sulcato (siilco in medio interrupto), concen- trice stiigato ; corpore subtus fulvo-hirto. [Long. 13, lat. 74 lines. The elytral scnlptui-e is about as coarse as in Diaphonia Parryi, Jans., but considerably less close. The elytral costse are much like those of Metallesthes metallescens, White, but evidently a little stronger ; the intervals between the costse are not in the least sulciform. The hinder part of the suture is strongly and narrowly carinate, but is not spiniform at the apex. I cannot refer this species to any of Dr. Kraatz' genera. It comes nearest, I think, to Chlorobapta, of which, however, the green colour of the elytra is made a character (the name being derived from it). But apart from colour, this insect dififers from Chloro- bapta (e.g., C. f7'ontalis, Don.) in the form of its mososternal process, which is different from, that of any other Cetonid known to me. This process is of triangular form, the apex of the triangle being directed hindward and fitted into an emarcjination of the metasternum, and its base (the longest side of the triangle) forming the front of the process, which is consequently truncate in front, this truncate front margin of the mesosternal process being as wide as the distance from eye to eye across the front of the head, but projecting forward very little more than does the mesosternal process of C. frontalis. The typical example is evidently a male ; its antenna! club is about as long as the clypeus; its front tibi?e are unarmed externally; its four posterior tibiie have a median blunt projection (scarcely a spine), the ventral segments are widely concave longitudinally (more widely and less deeply than in C. frontalis), its clypeus scarcely differs from that oi Jro7italis except in being more strongly (but not very deeply) and triangularly emarginate in front and with somewhat more upturned margins, its prothorax is very like that oi fro7italis in all respects except in its sides being considerably more divergent hindward near the base (concealing the summit of the mesothoracic 248 NOTES ON AUSTRALIAN COLEOPTERA, epimera), its elytra are very much more strongly emarginate behind the shoulders, so that the humeral lobes are very much more prominent (they are as in Cacochroa gymnojjleura, Fisch.) ; the scutellum (being wide at the base) forms an equilateral triangle. Queensland ; in the S. Australian Museum. DiAPHONIA EUCLENSIS, Sp.nOV. Sat nitida ; nigra, prothorace (macula bene determinata magna discoidali plus minus trapezoidali et linea basali angusta exceptis) scutelli disco et elytris (lineis tenuibus suturali et laterali, hac a basi vix ad medium extensa, exceptis) flavo- testaceis ; capite postice pygidio et corpore subtus sat dense cinereo-hirsutis ; capite dense rugulose punctulato ; pro- thorace sat crebre dupliciter (puncturis magnis et nonnullis multo minoribus intermixtis, latera versus gradatim nonniljil crassioribus) vix rugulose punctulato, linea dorsali laevi instructo ; scutello utrinqne juxta basin fortiter punctulato ; elytris sat crasse insequaliter punctulatis et plus minusve obsolete costulatis ; pygidio concentrice strigato. ^. Tibiis anticis inermibus vel obtuse vix manifeste infra medium dentatis, intermediis inermibus, posticis infra medium dente parvo armatis ; abdomine longitudinaliter concavo ; antennarum clava elongata. ^. Tibiis anticis externe fortiter tridentatis, intermediis dente acuto posticis dentibus 2 (superiori minuto) armatis ; al)do- mine aiqualiter convexo ; antennarum clava brevi. [Long. 13-14, lat. 6i-6f lines. The sculpture throughout is extremely like that of Hemichnoodes Mniszech% Jans., except that that of the scutellum is confined to the anterior corners, leaving the middle line and the aj)ex broadly Isevigate, whereas in //. Jlniszechi it is continuous across the base. The suture is only slightly carinate behind (though more so than in II. Mniszechi) and is not in the least protuberant at the apex. The mesosternal process is of the shape usual in Diaphonia ( D, BY THE REV. T. BLACKBURN. 249 Parryi, dorsalis, &c.), but is a little larger than in most of its congeners ; it is extremely nitid and bears a few conspicuous punctures about its apex (in //. Mniszechi it is very similar in form and size but is coarsely punctulate throughout). The antennal club in the male is as long as the clypeus, in the female considerably shorter. The clypeus is somewhat deeply and tri- angularly emarginate in front, with moderately thickened sides (scarcely differing from that of D. Parryi). The prothorax is trapezoidal in the male, with its front margin less than half as wide as the base, but in the female is less narrowed in front with the sides a little more rounded. The mesotlioracic epimera are moderately visible from above (as in D. dorsalis). The post- humeral emargination, and the humeral lobes, of the elytra are as in D. dorsalis; and the scutellum is shaped as in D. dorsalis^ Parryi, and others. The pygidium in both sexes is much larger and more protuberant than in D. dorsalis. On account of this last-named character it is possible Dr. Kraatz would place this insect in Hemichnoodes, but it does not agree with that genus in its other principal character (the form of the base of the pro- thorax), in respect of which it closely resemhles. Diajjhooiia Parryi. Indeed, I cannot rega.rd Hemichrioodes as sufficiently distinct from Dlaplionia to justify the formation of the genus, and should prefer to let H. M7iiszechi remain in Diaphonia, where it was originally placed. It is just possible that this species may be a variety of Diaphonia (Schizorrliina) 7iigriceps, Blanch., which is too briefly characterised for certain identification (though I believe a very different insect in my collection to be Blanchard's species) ; the prothorax of D. n^gricejjs, however, is described as having some "obsolete darker (than the general fulvous colour) median spots," with which the present insect does not at all agree, the prothorax of the (half dozen or so) s[)ecimens that I have seen having its entire disc occupied by one more or less exactly trapezoidal sharply defined black spot, which is so large as to leave merely a moderately (and somewhat equally) wide margin of the fulvous groundcolour on all sides. If it should prove to be a var. of D. niyriceps, it would 250 NOTES ON AUSTRALIAN COLEOPTERA, still, I think, be convenient for it to bear a distinctive name. The description of D. nigriceps scarcely refers to anything except colour, size, and markings. S.W. Australia ; Eucla district. DiAPIIONIA SATELLES, sp.UOV. ^. Minus convexa ; sat nitida ; nigra, prothoracis lateribus (et exemplorum nonnullorum marginibus ceteris) elytris (vitta lata suturali mox ante apicem utrinque recurva excepta) pygidioque (apice summo excepto) testaceis ; corpore subtus (prsesertim ad latera) pedibusque (tarsis exceptis) pilis elon- gatis pallide fuscis vestitis ; capite sat opaco dense rugulose, prothorace sat fortiter (in disco sparsim, ad latera sat crebre) nullo modo rugulose, punctulatis; seutello ad latera puncturis sat uiagnis nonnullis impresso ; elytris sat crasse sat insequa- liter punctulato-striatis, interstitiis nonnullis leviter convexis; pygidio concentrice strigato; tibiis anticis extus plus minusve obsolete 3-dentatis, intermediis extus 2-dentatis, posticis extus crenulatis et dentibus 2 majoribus armatis ; abdomine longi- tudinaliter concavo; antennarum clava quara clypeus longiori j prothorace postice qnam antice multo plus quam duplo latiori, lateribus pone apicem manifesto coarctatis. [Long, 10, lat. 6 lines. ^. A mari differt forma convexa, elytris nigris vitta discoidali (postice plus minusve abbreviata) testacea ornatis ; prothora- cis disco scutelloque magis crebre punctulatis ; illo postice quam antice vix magis quam duplo latiori ; tibiarum omnium dentibus majoribus, tarsis brevioribus ; abdomine a?qualiter convexo ; antennarum clava quam clypeus breviori. [Long. 9-11, lat. 5|-6 lines. The male and female are so unlike each other that it is only lately I have become satisfied of their spedific identity. The two forms occur in the same localities, and of one I have seen only males, of the other only females. Mr. Tepper adds information which seems conclusive to the effect that he bred both forms from BY THE REV. T. BLACKBURN. 251 a small batch of pupae that he obtained at the root of a tree. The principal differences are in the male being an unusually depressed Diaphonia, while the female is a very convex one, and in the male elytra being bright testaceous with the suture more or less widely blackish (the blackish vitta thus formed being dilated in a curve, or sending out a short curved branch on either side a liitle in front of the apex), while the elytra of the female are black with a more or less short testaceous vitta running fiom the middle of the base hiadward. It should be noted that the upper surface of the hind body is testaceous in both sexes and that its testaceous colour is continued in some examples on to the edges of the ventral segments, also that I hav^e seen one male in which there are two testaceous spots on tht^ clypeus. The sculpture and pubescence of this insect are almost exactly as in D. donialis, Don., and its male bears a good deal of resem- blance to the male of dorsalis in general appearance. It is, however, more depressed, with its prothorax considerably more transverse and its elytra of different shape, being considerably narrowed hind ward from immediately behind the base. The sutural stria does not (as it does in dorsalis) commence on the base of the elytra and follow the outline of the scutellum, but commences immediately behind the scutellum. The suture is very decidedly, though not very strongly, carinate, but is not at all protuberant at the apex. The mesosternal process is a little longer and more prominent than in dorsalis, with its sides more parallel. The antennal club is much shorter. The clypeus is scarcely different except in being more closely punctulate. The mesothoracic ejnmera are less conspicuous from above. The humeral lobes are a little less prominent. Besides the above specified distinctions from dorsalis, the dark markings of the upper surface are very different, that of the prothorax being much larger and differently shaped, the sutural vitta of the elytra being prolonged to the apex, &c., and the shoulders being devoid of a dark spot ; also the tibiae are differently dentate. S. Australia ; Port Lincoln ; York's Peninsula, &lq. 252 NOTES ON AUSTRALIAN COLEOPTKKA, TENEBRIONID.E. CiiALCOPTERrs PULCiiEK, Blackb. (antea, p. 7S). Tiie mention of the liabitat (Queensland) was accidental ly omitted. Amarygmus rutilipes, Blackb. (antea, p. 100). The mention of the liabitat (N. S. Wales; Blue Mts. ) was accidentally omitted. CURCULIONID.E (BRACHYDERIN.E). Prosayleus comosus, Gei-m. Either this insect is one of a series of very closely allied species (most of them as yet nndescribed) or it is extremely widely distributed in S. Australia and variable to the last degree. I believe the latter to be the case, as, with a considei-able series before me, I find that although specimens may be selected which on a casual glance it is scarcely possible to believe conspecific with each other, yet no definite character appears to distinguish them, and, moreover, they are connected by intermediate forms in the most puzzling manner. The following characters are common to all the specimens I am considering : — prothorax with the sides well rounded (that of the male more elongate and with less strongly rounded sides than that of the female), elytra clothed with rather long erect sette, conjointly narrowly rounded at the apex, and having their shoul- ders rounded. The size varies from long. '2^ to long. -4 lines, and it is ditiicult to find two S})ecimens in which the scales form an identical pattern. The most constant marking (which seldom varies much except by abrasion) is a narrow tlexuous line of whitish scales on each side of the prothorax. In one form the prevalent scales of the upper surface are dark fuscous and the lighter scales are quite silvery- white, forming (besides the prothoracic lines mentioned above) on each elytron a narrow sutural vitta, a spot near the scutellum, and a wide lateral vitta (suddenly dilated about the middle of its BY THE REV. T. BLACKBURN. 253 leiigtli). In successive examples the fuscous scales become paler and the light scales more greyish till they come to almost the same colour, when the surface presents a pale fawn colour with the markings not much paler, and then in other examples all the markings of the elytra except the lateral ones are nearly wanting. I have examples before me in which the groundcolour is dark fuscous and there is only the feeljlest indication of the markings, but I think these are all more or less abraded, or at least old and faded. It is quite possible that I am mistaken in associating all these forms, especially as tliere seems to Ije some variation (apart from sex) in the transversity of the prothorax, but after a good deal of consideration I find myself quite unable to discover stable characters for subdividing them. Prosayleus intermedius, sp.nov. Oblongo-ovatus ; piceo-niger, squamis gtiseis albidisque inter- mixtis et setis erectis sat brevibus sat validis vestitus, antennis pedibusque (femoribus subinfuscatis exceptis) sordide testa- ceis ; scapo ultra oculum manifeste attingenti ; rostro quam caput vix longiori carina mediana instructo ; prothorace sat transverse sat crasse ruguloso, lateribus rotundatis, postice truncato antice subemarginato ; scutello vix manifesto ; elytris (? fem. sol.) quam prothorax fere duplo latioribus sat fortiter punctulato-striatis, interstitiis (exemplorum plus minusve abrasorum) sat convexis. [Long. 2f, lat. 1 J^ lines. The examples examined appear all to be females, and none of them have any distinct markings, the scales being dull grey obscurely mottled with a paler tint. None of them are very fresh, and it is likely that freshly taken specimens are more or less distinctly and probaV)ly very variably marked with a pattern ; probably also the convexity of the elytral interstices is little apparent in quite fresh specimens. The characters of this species, however, are quite independent of the squamosity, which is probably too variable to be available for identification. The scape of its antennae is evidently longer than in P. comosics, Germ., and considerably longer than in P. Hopei, Schonh,, reach- 254 NOTES ON AUSTRALIAN COLEOPTERA, ing when set back slightly (but distiactly) beyond the back of the eye ; the colour of the antenna?, tibire, and tarsi is very distinctly (though not brightly) testaceous ; the front margin of the pro- thorax in the middle is distinctly raised and emarginate, and the erect seta? of the upper suiface are considerably shorter and stouter than those of F. comosus, and about as much longer than those of P. Hopei. I may remark that I believe I know P. disjyar, Germ., but am not sufficiently confident of the identification to specify its differences from P. intermedins, except in respect of cliaracters that are definitely mentioned in the description, among which are the very short erect set?e of its upper surface and the truncate front margin of its prothorax. The other described species of the genus — P. ateo'opterus , Schonh., — I do not think that I have seen ; if it were not that Schonherr says its rostrum is non-carinate, it might be a dark var. of P. comosus, in which case Germar's name would have to be dropped. Kangaroo Island ; taken by Mr. Tepper. Maleuterpes (gen.nov. Brachyderinarum). Caput latum convexum ; rostrum quara caput brevius, sat robustum ; scrobes rectse trans verste ab oculis distantes ; oculi modici sat rotundati ; antennis prothoracis basin vix attingentibus, scapo oculi marginem posticum attingentibus, funiculo 7-articulato, articulis basalibus 2 quam ceteri lon- gioribus, clava distincta brevi ; prothorax antice et postice subtruncatus ; scutellum distinctum ; elytra prothorace sat latiora ; pedes sat elongati sat robusti, coxis anticis nonnihil sejunctis, femoribus sat incrassatis {^ anticis dente elongato spiniformi armatis), tibiis intus ad apicem fortiter mucronatis ((J intus basin versus dente elongato spiniformi armatis, 9 intus sinuatis), corbulis posticis apertis, tarsis sat brevibus, unguiculis connatis ; metasternum modicum ; segmenta ven- tralia 3-4 brevia. BY THE REV, T. BLACKBURN. 255 The very small species for which I found this genus is remarkable by its anterior coxae not contiguous, the presence of a large tooth ou the front femora and tibiae of the male, and the mucronate apex of its four anterior tibiae. It seems to be near Eutinophoia, which, however, differs from it inter alia by its straight tibiae and contiguous front coxae. The head of Maleuteiyes is very like that of Eutinophoea as represented in Trans. Ent. Soc. 1870, t. 5, fig. 6, a-b. Malkuterpes spinipes, sp.nov. Rufo-fuscus, antennis (clava excepta) pedibusque rufis ; supra squamis fuscis cinereisque variegatim ornatus, subtus dense argenteo-cinereo squamosus ; ])rothorace vix trans verso, lateribus rotundatis ; elytris punctulato-striatis, humeris distinctis, basi subtruncata, interstitiis alternis manifeste convexis. [Long. IJ, lat. -J line. The scales form a more or less distinct variegated pattern. In a well marked example the fuscous scales may be taken as the groundcolour, the cinereous scales covering the legs, the rostrum, and the front and sides of the prothorax, and forming on the elytra a patch on each shoulder and a fascia behind the middle, immediately in front of which the fuscous scales are almost blackish. N. S. Wales. EUTHYPHASIS PARVA, Sp.nOV. Ferruginea antennis tarsisque piceis, nonnullorum exemplorum corpore toto (elytris femoribus tibiisque exceptis) picescenti ; squamis cinereis sparsim vestita ; rostro quam latiori fere duplo longiori ; squamis in prothorace trilineatim condensatis; hoc quam latiori sat longiori, capite sat crebre nee grosse ruguloso ; elytris punctulato-striatis, ad apicem spiniformibus valde productis, singulis macula mediana obliqua albida ornatis. [Long. 3, lat. |- line. Much like E. acuta, Pasc, but inter alia much smaller, and having the antennae entirely blackish. Victoria ; sent to me by Mr. French. 256 NOTES ON AUSTRALIAN COLKOPTERA, ACALONOMA PUSILLA, sp.llOV. Pusco-ferruginea, corpore siibtus lostroque obscuris, squamis cinereis obsolete viridesceutibus sat dense vestita ; rostro quam latiori duplo longiori ; capite i)rothoraceque sat crebre nee grosse ruguloso ; hoc quam latiori paullo longiori ; elytris punctulato-striatis, ad apicem bieviter spiniformibus, inter- stitiis planis. [Long. \^, lat. -~q line. Very near A. reducta, Pasc., but inter alia much smaller, and with the elytral interstices not convex ; A. reducia also has variable black colouring (on the prothorax, suture, ifec.) which J do not find in any of the examples of this species before me. Victoria ; sent by Mr. French. Ophthalmorychus (gen.nov. Rhadinosomo affine). Elongatum ; subcylindricum ; caput subcylindricura, quam latius sesquilongius ; rostrum capiti longitudine tequale, cum capite sequaliter continuum, a basi usque ad apicem dilatatum, scrobes rectae valde profundae oblique deorsum directte subtus conniventes ; antennae quam caput (rostro incluso) vix longiores, scapo oculum haud attingenti funiculo 7-articulato, articulis omnibus sat brevibus, clava distincta oblonga acuminata; oculi rotundati parvi laterales fortiter granulati longe a prothorace remoti, lamina (ex capite exserta) nonnulla ex parte operti ; prothorax minus elongatus (specei typicae leviter transversus), lobis ocularibus null is ; elytra valde elongata (sj/ecei typicae rostro capite prothoraceque conjunctis longiora) mox ante apicem subito angustata et conjunctim anguste rotundata ; coxae anticae contiguae ; pro- sternum ante coxas leviter concavum ; metasternum valde elongatum; segmenta ventralia basalia 2 conjuncta quam apicalia 3 subbreviora ; femora vix pedunculata ; tarsi sat breves sat paralleli, articnlo 3" sat fortiter bilobo, unguiculis liberis divergentibus. The very small insect for which I propose this new name is among the most remarkable Curculionides that I have seen. It is BY THE REV. T. BLACKBURN. 257 very difficult to place in the Curculionid series, but I think it is certainly allied to Rhadinosomus, another anomalous form. Its distinctive prothorax (only about i of the whole length of the body) gives it a most peculiar facies, and the structure of the head and rostrum are no less abnormal, the former extruding on either side a kind of process like a flap, which lies partly over the eye from behind that organ, and the latter dilating gradually forward from its base in such fashion as to bear a certain resemblance to a funnel, the wide end of which is the apex of the rostrum. In the Lacordairean classification of the Cu7'culionides its place is among the Brachyderides, if it can be considered Adelognathous (which I cannot make it out to be, but neither does Rhadinoso7nus appear so to me, though Lacordaire places it in the Brachyderidce). If it be not Adelognathous, I can suggest no better place for it than somewhere near the Aterpides, though I know no Aterpid in the least resembling it. Ophthalmorychus angustus, sp.nov. Elongatus; subcylindricus; piceus, indumento squamoso cinereo dense tectus, antennis nigris ; capite rostroque sulco mediano continue impressis ; hoc sparsim pergrosse punctulato ; pro- thorace leviter transverso, antice sat angustato, obscure bisulcato, lateribus pone medium rotundatis ; elytris obscure seriatim punctulatis, inters titiis alternis carinatis. [Long. 21 lat. | line. Victoria ; Alpine district. Rhadixosomus tasmanicus, sp.nov. Piceus vel rufo-piceus, antennis nigris ; opacus ; capite pone oculos minus elongato, crebre rugulose punctulato ; funiculi articulo basali quam 2"^ fere duplo longiori ; prothorace fere cylindrico, paullo pone apicem latiori, in medio leviter incurvato, toto rugulose punctulato, parte basali transversim rugulosa ; elytris quam prothorax fere duplo latioribus, cos- tulatis, interstitiis transversim sat crasse fastigiatis, apicibus 17 258 50TES OS AUSTRALIAK COLEOPTEEA. breWter diTaricatiiii prodactis macnlis KBgnlis parvis obscuris aureis omatis. [Long 4^- l^t. 4 line. The opaque coarsely sculptured surface, veiy short apical "tails" of the elytra, and the basal joint of the funiculus nearly twice as long as the 2nd joint render this species very distinct from its described congenere. In some examples the spot of golden scales on the elytra is entirely wanting — perhaps owing to abrasion — bat I am not sure these do not repi-esent a distinct species, as their elytral "tails" are more slender and spine-like and quite devoid of hairs. Tasmania. RHADDfOSOMUS FEATEB, Sp.UOV. Rufo-piceus, tibiis dilutioribus, capite antennisque nigricantibus; minus opacus : capite pone oculos retrorsum gradatim aiigu— tato, grosse punctnlato (iuterstitiis subtiliter transveisim rogatis) ; funiculi articulis Ijasalibtis 2 longitudine sat aequa- libns ; protliorace quam caput angustiori., ut praecedentis confonnato, antice sparsim minus fortiter punctulato postice subtiliter transversim rugato ; elytris quam prothorax pauUo latioribus, costulatis, interstitiis transversim sat subtiliter fasti giatis, apicibus . divaricatim minus breviter productis, singulis ma<:'u':a oblioua me^diana laterali omatis. [Long. 1^, lat ^ line (vix;. This species is distinguished from all the pre\-iously described Australian Rfvodinosomi by its head gradually narrowed from the eyes hind ward. This character, however, approximates it to the Xew Zealand R. acuminatv^^ Fab., from which, however (as reiescribed by 3Ir. Waterhouse, Trans. Ent. Soc. ii), it differs irU^er alia, by the scolpture of its head, which in R. cucuminatv^ is said to have a large shallow fovea between the eyes and to be coarsely punctured in front of the eyes and transversely furrowed on the posterior part, whereas the head of the present insect is not foveate between the eyes and is equally coarsely punctured on its whole gtirface (l€«s closely behind than in front of the eyes), with no transverse sculpture except under a strong lens some fine BY THE EEV T BLACKBURy. 259 strigosity of the interstices