THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY OF NEW SOUTH WALES, VOL. VI., [With Six Plates.] ■» ♦- SYDNEY: PRINTED AND PUBLISHED FOR THE SOCIETY BY F. W, WHITE, 59 MAP^KET STREET, AND SOLD BY THE SOCIETY, 1882. oJ>7v membrane, and that by a similar membrane to the caudal. Colour (in spirits) greyish- yellow, with faint marmorated brown spots ; the fin membranes are obscure, with oblique transverse white lines ; the caudal is covered with very small white spots, as is also the anal, which is black edged ; pectorals and ventrals yellow. Length five inches. Dampier's Archipelago. "West Coast. 547. Blennius cinereus, Casteln. Researches on the Fishes of Australia, p. 26. D. 12/19. A. 21. ITeight of body five times and a half in the length, (without caudal), length of head four times and a-half ; diameter of eye four and a-half times in the length of the head ; anterior profile of head very oblique, almost straight ; no curved tooth in the jaws ; orbital tentacles long, not divided, pointed ; interorbital space very narrow, with a transverse ridge over the eyes in front of the tentacles ; head rugose, with a compressed, rounded crest on the posterior pari. Caudal fin rounded. Body granular, entirely of a dark blackish-grey ; dorsal fins with oblique stripes of black and whitish-grey ; anal dark, with three series of white spots ; the other fins dark and immaculate. Queensland (Castelnau). Three and a-half inches in length. 548. Blennius pardalis, Casteln. Researches on the Fishes of Australia, p. 26. No tentacles over the e}-es. Height of body four times and one-fourth in the length (without caudal), length of head the same ; eye very large, one-third of the length of the head, which is rounded and vertical in front ; the dorsal fin increases slightly in height posteriorly. Colour brown, grey on the throat ; the back on its anterior half, is marked with narrow longitudinal black lines ; the body is entirely covered with oblong whitish BY W. MACXEAY, F.L.S. 5 blotches ; the dorsal fin is brown, with transverse whitish lines formed of oval or rounded blotches ; a series of minute black blotches near the edge of the fin ; caudal rounded, with three transverse series of black dots ; anal brown, marked with whitish round blotches ; pectorals grey, variegated with brown. Cape York (Castelnau). Length three inches. 549. Blennius tjxicorxis, Casteln. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. III., p. 3S4. Port Jackson. Length two inches. 550. Blexxius castaxeus, n. sp. D. 12/13. A. 19. Height of body about one fourth of the length. Head rounded and nearly vertical in front, the eyes about half their diameter apart ; the tentacle above each orbit short, broad, and three or four-pointed ; a lateral line consisting of skinny threads extending from the upper angle of the operculum in a curve to the middle of the sides where it seems to terminate. Colour yellowish, with reddish-brown spots along the back and sides, disposed in pairs, and some brownish bars on the head. Fins yellowish, the dorsal with a black spot between the first and second spines, and a few faint brownish marks throughout ; anal with a slight blackish margin. Port Jackson (Macl. Mus.) Genus Pethosctrtes, Piipp. Body moderately elongate, naked. Snout generally short, or of moderate extent. A single dorsal fin, (sometimes with a semidetached portion), ventrals jugular, composed of two or three rays. Cleft of the mouth narrow ; a single series of immovable teeth in the jaws ; a strong curved canine tooth behind the others, much longer and stronger in the lower jaw. Head some- times with tentacles. Gill-opening closed beneath, and reduced 6 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, to a more or less small fissure above the root of the pectoral. Sis branchiostegals ; air-bladder and pseudobranckire present ; pyloric appendages none. Indian and Australian Seas. 551. Petroscirtes variabilis, Cant. Gunth., Cat. Fishes III., p. 234. B. C. D. 28-31. A. 17-21. Vert. 12/23. The height of the body is one-sixth of the total length, the length of the head one-fifth. The snout is somewhat produced, truncated in front. The canine teeth of the lower jaw very large, those of the upper small. No orbital tentacle. The width of the interorbital space is greater than the diameter of the eye, which is one-fourth of the length of the head. The dorsal fin is not elevated, commences on a line with the posterior margin of the prasoperculum, and terminates at a short distance from the root of the caudal. The two inner rays of the ventral fin equal in length. Caudal fin with some of the upper and lower rays prolonged. From the eye to the tail a broad blackish band ; dorsal and anal fins spotted and clotted with black ; caudal some- times with a black central spot. Port Jackson. 552. Petroscirtes axolis, Cuv. & Val. Gunth., Cat. Pishes III., p. 238. D. 29. A. 22. Head elevoted into a high crest ; snout somewhat elongate ; nve or six of the middle dorsal rays very elongate, filiform. Greenish, with darker vertical linos ; head with some silvery streaks ; cheek and base of the pectoral fin with a black spot ; fins yellowish, dorsal blackish anteriorly, with numerous fine oblique brown stripes. Port Jackson. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 7 553. Petroscirtes pttnctatus, Cuv. & Yal. Gunth., Cat. Fishes III., p. 231. D. 12/22. A. 23. Height of body one-sixth of total length, length of head slightly more. Snout short ; the upper canine tooth half the size of the lower. The dorsal fin extends to the root of the caudal. Greyish, with three longitudinal series of black spots ; the upper along the base of the dorsal fin ; the lower along the middle of the body. Australia (Yal.) 554. Petroscirtes eloxgatus, Peters. Gunth., Cat. Pishes III., p. 233.— Joum. Mus. Godef., Heft XIII., p. 196. D. 32. A. 24. Y. 2. The height of the body is six times and a-half in the length (without caudal) ; the length of the head five times and one-third. Snout with a very convex profile, scarcely as long as the diameter of the eye. The width of the interorbital space is one-third of the diameter of the eye. Canine teeth of lower jaw twice the size of those of the upper. The dorsal fin is not elevated, it is emarginate, and begins rather before the vertical from the root of the pectoral. Caudal fin emarginate. Greenish : a white- edged, ocellated spot on the operculum ; dorsal and anal fins brown, with white stripes, longitudinal on the former, and oblique on the latter. Male with an ocellated spot between the twenty- third and twenty-fifth dorsal rays. North Australia (Gunther). 555. Petroscirtes solorensis, Bleek. KnerVoy. Novara, Ichth., p. 196.— Gunth. Cat. Pishes III., p. 235. D. 30. A. 20. 8 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISTIES, Height of body one-sixth, and length of head one fifth of the total length ; no orbital tentacles ; diameter of eye one-fourth of the length of the head, and twice the length of the snout, and width of the interorbital space. The teeth in both jaws number twenty-eight or thirty ; canines strong in both jaws and sometimes larger on one side than on the other. The vaulted forehead descends perpendicularly to the mouth. The dorsal fin begins over the operculum and extends to the tail, which is similarly continuous with the anal fin ; the anterior rays of the dorsal fin are prolonged into short filaments and are equal to the height of the body ; ventrals long. Colour brownish, the belly lighter, the sides clouded ; ventral fins violet, the other fins blackish. Length fifteen lines. Sydney (Kner). 556. Petroscirtes fasciolatus, n. sp. D. 33. A. 26. Height of body about equal to the length of the head and one- eighth of the total length. Head and snout very convex and obtuse ; the diameter of the eye about the length of the snout aud twice the width of the interorbital space ; cheeks swollen, ventral fins with two rays, the inner one longest ; the last few rays of the dorsal and anal fins somewhat enlarged at their apex. Colour reddish-yellow, with numerous reddish-brown spots on the side of the head, and six to eight very fine, oblique, pearly or silvery streaks on the side of the body as far as two-thirds of its length, and about three longitudinal streaks of the same kind on the posterior third. The fins are a little paler than the body and transparent ; the dorsal and anal with a narrow black margin with the extreme tips white ; a cloudy blotch near the summit of the eighth to tenth dorsal rays, counting from the tail. Port Jackson (Macl. Mas.) Length two to three inches. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 9 557. Petbosctrtes guttatus, n. sp. J). 12/18. A. 21. Height of body about equal to tbe length of the head, and one-fifth of the total length. Snout slightly pointed, the profile oblique, rather longer than the diameter of the eye, which is about equal to the interorbital space ; a low skinny ridge from between the eyes to the occiput ; the latter part of the dorsal fin elevated, as high as the body and extending to the tail ; ventral fins two-rayed, the inner much longer than the other. Eeddish, with four irregular rows of deep blue small spots along the sides, and a few more minute ones on the thorax ; the fins are immaculate ; the rays dusty-yellow, the membranes transparent. Port Jackson (Macl. Mus.) Length two to three inches. 558. Petrosctetes eothndiceps, n. sp. D. 34. A. 24. Height of body one-seventh, and length of head one-sixth of the total length. Head very round and obtuse above, below and in front. Diameter of eye rather more than the width of the inter- orbital space, and less than its distance from the extremity of the snout. Some of the rays of the vertical fins have a slight tendency to run into filaments. Colour reddish-3-ellow, with a broad longitudinal line of reddish-brown blotches along the middle of the body from the eye to the tail, a black spot behind the eye and another above the pectoral fin. The fins yellow, the anterior part of the dorsal, and the base of the entire dorsal faintly spotted with brown. Port Jackson (Macl. Mus.) Length two and a-half inches. 559. Peteoscietes ceisticeps, n. sp. D. 30. A. 21. Height of body about equal to the length of the head, and one sixth of the total length. Head almost vertical in front and 10 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN' EISHES, surmounted by a very compressed elevated skinny crest, rounded above, and extending along the top of tbe head from before the vertical from the orbit to close to the origin of the dorsal fin. The posterior rays of the dorsal fin elevated and filamentose. Colour (in spirits) an obscure bluish-red, with darker red blotches on the side ; fins more or less tinged with blackish. Port Jackson (Macl. Mus.) Length two and a-half inches. Genus Salarias, Cuv. & Yal. Body moderately elongate, naked ; snout short, with the cleft of the mouth transverse ; a series of numerous email teeth in the jaws, implanted in the gum and movable ; generally a curved canine tooth on each side of the lower jaw. Dorsal fin continuous sometimes divided into two portions by a notch ; ventrals jugular, with two, three, or four rays. Tentacle above the orbit more or less developed. Gill-opening wide ; pseudobranchiaj. Branchi- ostegals six. Air-bladder and pyloric appendages absent. All warm Seas. 560. Salarias easciatus, Bl. Gunth., Cat. Fishes III., p. 244.— Journ. Mus. Godef., Heft. XIII., p. 201, pi. 115, fig. H. D. 12/18-19. A. 19-21. Height of body one-fifth of the total length, length of head about one-sixth. Anterior profile nearly vertical ; no canine teeth ; a pair of fringed tentacles above the orbits, another on the nape ; crest none. The dorsal fin is not notched, begins in the vertical from the extremity of the operculum, and is continuous with the caudal fin. The anterior anal rays are sometimes semi- detached and elongate. Brown, irregularly variegated, spotted and dotted with yellow and blue ; immature specimens with eight brown vertical bands ; throat and chest with three yellowish cross-bands, several whitish spots before the root of the pectoral. Cape Grenville (Chevert Exp.) BY V. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 11 561. Salaeias Dussumieei, Cuv. & Val. Gunth., Cat. Fishes III., p. 251. D. 12/20. A. 22. Height of hodji one-sixth or one-seventh of the total length. A short fringed tentacle above the orbit and at the nostril. No canine teeth. The dorsal fin deeply notched, extending to the caudal. Brownish, indistinctly marbled with reddish-brown ; the rays of the dorsal and caudal fins dotted with brown ; anal greyish, with blackish margin. (In life, green, with rose-coloured dots.— Val.) Port Essington. o 562. Salaeias heleageis, Cuv. & Val. Gunth., Cat. Fishes III., p. 256. D. 12/20. A. 22. Vert. 11/26-17. The height of the body is contained six times or six times and a-half in the total length ; the length of the head five times and a-half. A crest on the head, a fringed tentacle half as high as as the head, above the orbit, another small one at the nostril. No canine teeth ; dorsal fin deeply notched, extending on to the caudal ; the posterior portion lower than the body, but higher than the anterior portion. Grejush, with pairs of indistinct, brownish, vertical bands, and with round white dots ; the dorsal fin with oblique stripes ; anal blackish, with white spots. Tasmania (Cuv. & Val.), Cape York (Gunther), Nepean Island (Chevert Exp.) mistaken for S. biseriatus. 563. Salaeias llxeolatus, All. & Macl. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. I., p. 336, pi. 13, fig. 2. Darnley Island (Chevert Exp.) 564. Salaeias geminatus, All. & Macl. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. I., p. 336, pi. 13, fig. 3. Torres Straits (Chevert Exp.) 12 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, 565. 8at.a-r.tas irroratus, All. & Macl. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. L, p. 337, pi. 13, fig 4. Low Island (Chevert Exp.) 566. Salarias filaatextosus, All. & Macl. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. I., p. 337, pi. 14, fig. 1. Cape York (Chevert Exp.) 567. Salarias auridexs, All. & Macl. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. L, p. 338, pi. 14. fig. 2. Darnley Island (Chevert Exp.) 568. Salarias cristicers, All. & Macl. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, Vol. I., 338, pi. 14, fig. 3. Darnley Island (Chevert Exp.) 569. Salarias Sraldixgi, Macl. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. II., p. 358, pi. 9, fig. 4. Port Darwin (Macl. Mus.) 570. Salarias Ciieverti, n. sp. D. 12/20. A. 20. Height of body about equal to the length of the head, and one-sixth of the total length. Eyes prominent on the upper angle of the head, less than their diameter apart ; face perpen- dicular, gape of mouth wide, a tentacle above the eyes, of about half their diameter in length, and ending in a single filament. The dorsal fin notched to about half its depth, the ventrals with two rays, fleshy and nearly equal in length ; pectorals broad, of fourteen simple rays. Colour in spirits, bluish-brown, with the fins yellow, the dorsal and caudal spotted with brown ; very pot bellied. Darnley Islaud (Chevert Exp.) BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 13 Cuvier and Yalenciennes have described a species of Salarias from New Holland, (S. Kinyii, Cuv. & Val., Hist. Poiss., Vol. XI., p. 334.), but it lias never since been identified, and there is a doubt as to the correctness of the habitat given by them. Another species, Salarias liseriatus, (Kner., Voy. Nov. Fische, page 197, pi. 8, fig. 5), has been mentioned by Dr. Alleyne and myself (Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. I., 336), as having been found at Nepean Island, Torres Straits, during the voyage of the Chevert. I have however, since satisfied myself that it is S. mcleagris, and that there is no evidence of S. liseriatus being ever taken in Australian waters. Genus Lepidoblexnius, Steind. Body scaly ; two dorsal fins, the first formed by flexible spines the second by simple rays ; pectoral fin much developed, with the lower rays simple. A band of viliform teeth in both jaws, the outer series containing stronger teeth. Dr. Steinclackner formed this genus for the reception of a Fish from Queensland, to which he gave the specific name of haplodactylus. I have never seen his description and cannot therefore include it in this Catalogue. The following species seems to enter this genus. 671. LEriDOBLEXKIUS GEJIIXATUS, 11. SJ). D. 17/12. A. 19. L. kit about 70. Height of body one-seventh, and length of head one-si::th of the total length. Eyes near the front angle of the head, the space between hollow and narrow, less than half their diameter ; gape of mouth rather large, the maxillary reaching to below the middle of the eye ; the profile straight and at an angle of 45° ; the snout as long as two diameters of the eye ; teeth numerous and sharp, in the centre of each jaw there is an exterior row of 14 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, crowded large ones, directed outwards ; gill membranes broadly- connected beneath ; scales small, none on the head ; lateral line straight. The first dorsal fin commences above the pra^operculuin, is less than half the he'ght of the body, and is joined to the second by a very low membrane ; the second dorsal is slightly higher than the first ; the caudal is rather long, narrow, and truncate ; the anal consists of thick isolated rays, the membranes not, or scarcely joining them ; the pectorals long, reaching to the fifth anal ray, with the six lower rays simple ; ventrals two-rayed, fleshy, joined at the base. Colour in spirits, yellowish, with a number of rather faint reddish-brown spots and double vertical fascia) along the body ; fins of a more dusky yellow, with a brown spot at the extremity of the first dorsal spine, and another on the membrane between the third and fourth ; anal margined with blackish. Port Jackson (Macl. Mus.) Genus Cllxus, Cuv. Body moderately elongate, covered with small scales ; snout rather short ; a narrow band or sometimes a single series of small teeth in the jaws and on the palate. Dorsal fin long, formed by many spines and a few rays, without a detached anterior portion ; anal spines two ; ventrals jugular, composed of a small spine hidden in the skin, and two or three rays. Tentacle above the orbit more or less developed. Gill-opening wide ; pscudobranchia) ; six branchiostegals ; air-bladder and pyloric appendages absent. Seas of temperate regions. 572. Clixus desficillatus, Richards. Gunth., Cat. Fishes III., p. 271. D. 3/35/4. A. 2/25. V. 1/3. Height of body five times and two-thirds in the total length, the length of the head four times and a-half. Snout rather F.L.S. 15 subcorneal, "with the jaws equal. Palatiue teeth none, those on the vomer form an angular band, narrowest in the middle. Interorbital space convex, its width equal to the vertical diameter of the eye ; a small branched tentacle above the orbit. Scales exceeding small. The three anterior dorsal spines are remote from, but connected with the others ; the height of the dorsal fin is about one-third of that of the body ; with the spines rather slender, and is contiguous with the caudal. Greyish-brown (in spirits), with bars and spots of deeper brown along the back and sides, vertical fins dusky towards their margins, caudal spotted. Tasmania. Length four inches. Genus Neoblexxius, Casteln. Elongate ; one dorsal fin extending over the entire back, almost all spines. Teeth strong, sharp, numerous and curved, larger on the upper jaw, on the vomer and palatines in transverse series. Body almost naked, a few scales embedded in the skin. Caudal fin free ; ventrals thoracic, of four rays ; eye large ; lateral line on the anterior part of the body only ; no barbel. (Casteln.) 573. Neoblexxius easciatus, Casteln. Researches on the Fishes of Australia, p. 28. D. 30/4. A. 2/24. V. 1/4. Height of body five times and two-thirds in the total length, length of head over four times ; eye three times and a-half in the length of the head ; dorsal fin large ; caudal pointed ; ventrals with the two central rays long and articulated ; pectorals large, of thirteen rays ; the male organ very large and prominent. Colour (in spirits) of a fleshy-pink, with the head and fins yellow, the body is generally marked by five broad, transverse, faint bands of a darkish colour ; fins sometimes speckled with black. South Australia. Length under three inches. 16 DESCItirTIYE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, Genus Heteroclixus, Casteln. Body subelongate ; mouth opening upwards ; snout without tentacles; ventral fins jugular, formed of one short and two long- rays ; dorsals two, the first short, the second with numerous spines and three rays ; the dorsal, caudal, and anal somewhat continuous; lateral line only marked on the anterior part of the body ; gill membranes inflated. South Australia. Count Castelnau has omitted to state whether the body is scaly or naked, but from his description of the species given below, I am inclined to think it is without scales. 574. Heteroclixtjs Adelaide, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Yol. II., p. 68. D. 3. 28/3. A. 2/25. The height of the body is contained a little less than five times in the total length, the length of the head four times and two- thirds ; the eye is half the length of the head, and prominent ; the head appeal's truncate in front when the mouth is shut ; the cleft of the mouth is oblique ; the upper lip embraces the lower jaw. The first dorsal spine is strong and rather elongate, the second dorsal fin terminates with three soft rays which are attached by a membrane to the caudal, the anal fin is similarly attached to the caudal, which is rather long, Four longitudinal grooves on the body. Colour reddish-brown, yellowish-white beneath, with an irregular black, longitudinal band on the sides and some blackish blotches beneath ; the dorsal and anal fins are obscure, with some white portions ; the ventrals, caudal, and pectorals of a light colour, the last two sprinkled with black ; the elongate portion of the first dorsal is red. Length three and a-half inches. South Australia (Casteln.) BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 17 Genus Ophioclintts, Casteln. Body very elongate, mouth, opening' upwards ; snout with, two short filaments ; ventral fins jugular, consisting of one short and two long rays ; one dorsal fin, all spinous except the last two rays, and continuous with the caudal and anal ; scales very minute and imbedded in the skin; teeth short, strong, and numerous ; gill membranes inflated. South Australia. 575. OrmocLixus antaecticus, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. II., p. 69. D. 63/2. A. 39. Height of body one-seventh, and length of head one-sixth of the total length ; the diameter of the eye is one fourth of the length of the head ; mouth very oblique ; numerous short, thick, blunt teeth on the jaws and on the vomer and palatine bones ; a short, broad, rounded barbel on the snout in front of the eyes, which are large and lateral ; scales on the posterior part of the body more distinct ; the lateral line only visible behind the gills ; there are five longitudinal depressions or grooves on the body ; the male organ very prominent. Colour uniform brownish-red, lighter beneath ; some minute black spots on the fins, which are rather red ; caudal and anal bordered with black. Length five inches. South Australia (Castelnau). Genus Cbjsticeps, Cuv. & Yal. Body moderately elongate, covered with small or rudimentary scales. Snout rather short, with the cleft of the mouth of moderate width. A band of small teeth in the jaws; teeth on the vomer. Two dorsal fins ; the anterior short, of three spines, the posterior long and spinous, with a few posterior articulated rays. Yentral fins jugular, with one spine and two or three rays. B 18 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OP AUSTRALIAN FISHES, Head generally with, tentacles. Gill-opening wide ; six branchi- ostegals. Pyloric appendages none. Yiviparons Fishes ; European, Indian and Australian Coasts and Eivers. 576. Cristiceps aktixectes, Gunth. Cristicejps argentatus, var. antinectes, Gunth., Cat. Fishes III., p. 272, and note p. 273. B. 6. D. 3/30/4. A. 2/23. V. 1/2. The height of the "body is contained six times in the total length, the length of the head five times and a-third. The snout is of moderate extent, subconical, with the lower jaw somewhat prominent. Palatine teeth none. The width of the interorbital space is less than the diameter of the eye ; a small, simple tentacle above the orbit. Scales exceedingly small. A short detached dorsal fin on the nape of the neck, the spines of which it is formed are slender and rather longer than those of the second dorsal ; the latter is not emarginate and is united with the base of the caudal. Brown or yellowish, more or less spotted and marbled with darker ; generally a series of whitish or yellowish spots along the sides. "West Australia. •377. Cristiceps xasutus, Gunth. Gunth., Cat. Fishes III., p. 273. D. 3/28/4. A. 2/21. Y. 1/3. P. 13. C. 9. The height of the body is five times and a-half in the total length, the length of the head four times and a-half. The snout is subconical, somewhat longer than the eye, with the jaws equal. The width of the interorbital space is much less than the vertical diameter of the eye. A long fringed tentacle at the nostril, that above the orbit rather shorter. Scales minute. The detached dorsal fin is situated above the operculum, the last dorsal ray is BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 19 fixed to the tail, hut not to the caudal fin. Uniform yellowish, (in spirits) . New South Wales (Gunther). 578. Ckisticeps koseus, Gunth. Gunth., Cat. Fishes III., p. 274. B. 6. D. 3/25-26/4. A. 2/20-21. V. 1/3. P. 12. C. 9. Vert. 14/26. The height of the body is contained five times in the total length, the length of the head four times and two-fifths. Snout subconical, equal in length to the eye, lower jaw prominent. Teeth on the vomer, none on the palate. The width of the interorbital space is much less than the vertical diameter of the eye. A fringed tentacle at the nostril ; that above the orbic well developed with obtuse fringes. Scales rudimentary. The detached dorsal fin situated above the operculum, somewhat higher than the second dorsal, the last ray connected by a membrane with the base of the caudal ; the anal fin quite free from it ; the inner ventral ray not half the length of the middle one. Yellowish (in spirits), head, body and first dorsal fin marbled with rose-colour ; the second dorsal, anal, and pectoral fins with rose-coloured cross-bars. Freycinet Harbour (Herald). 579. CmsTicErs fasciatus, n. sp. D. 3/30/2. A. 21. V. 2. C. 10. Height of body about one-fifth of the length. Head rather depressed ; the interorbital space rather convex, its width being about equal to the diameter of the eye ; tentacles at nostril and over orbit moderate ; cleft of mouth wide ; scales small, very distinct ; lateral line continuous. The detached part of the dorsal fin situated over the operculum and connected by a membrane with the second, the three spines equal in length and of same 20 DESCEirnvE catalogue of Australian fishes, height as the rest ; the last dorsal ray is connected with the tail, the anal is free, pectoral fins rather large, the ventral rays con- joined for half their length. Reddish yellow with sis equidistant "broad reddish-brown fascia?, of verj' irregular outline on the sides of the body, and not quite reaching the bach or belly ; the fins are immaculate. Port Jackson (Macl. Mus.) This species and Clinus despieillatus. should be placed in a new genus, intermediate between Clinics and Cristiceps, and probably the three preceding species, C. antinectes, nasutus, and roseus, ought to accompany them. The compresssed body and elevated first dorsal fin placed on the head, mark the species which should properly belong to Cristiceps. 580. Ceisticeps austealis, Cuv. & Yal. Gunth,, Cat. Fishes III., p. 275. D. 3/27-29/8-5. A. 2/23-25. V. 1/3. Vert. 15/31. The anterior dorsal fin commences above the posterior margin of the orbit, and is much higher than the posterior ; both widely separated from each other. A simple tentacle above the orbit, and a pair of bifurcate ones above the snout. Rivers of Tasmania. Swan River (Gunther). The above is all the description given by Dr. Gunther of this species, and I cannot at present refer to Cuv. and Yal., tome 9, p. 402, pi. 336, where the fish is described and figured. But Count Castelnau, who carefully studied the genus, gave a decided opinion that the present species is quite distinct from the Port Jackson species long believed to be C. australis, and to which he has given the specific name C. Macleayi. He suggests however, that his C. Howitlii may be identical with australis, in this I believe he is entirely wrong. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 21 .581. Cristiceps Magleayi, Casteln. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. III., p. 385. Port Jackson. 582. Cristiceps Howittii, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. II., p. 48. The height of the body is contained about five times in the total length, the length of the head four times and one-third ; the diameter of the eye four times and two-thirds in the length of the head. No scales. The lower jaw longer than the upper. The first dorsal fin is placed over the centre of the orbit, its first ray much prolonged; the second dorsal is high, and highest posteriorly, of thirty-five rays ; caudal very long and lanceolate ; the anal is like the second dorsal, and of twenty-seven rays ; the vontrals have two rays one of them bifid. Colour in preserved specimens reddish-brown ; the front part of the head is yellow, and there is a broad, black band running oblicpiely downwards below the orbit. Body marbled and banded with brown, with some ocellated light spots ; dorsal and anal fins yellow, with five broad, obscure, transverse bands ; the caudal is yellow at its base and brown on its terminal half, the pectorals are yellow with their base brown. Western Port. Length four and a-half inches. 583. Cbisticeps kodustus, Gunth. Gunth., Ann. and Mag., Nat. Hist. 1867, Vol. XX., p. 62. D. 3/32/7. A. 2/25. The anterior dorsal fin commences over the hind margin of the prce operculum, and is not higher than the posterior. A fringed tentacle above the orbit, a small one at the nostril. Back with seven dark cross-bands, the first below the anterior dorsal, sub- ocellated. Melbourne. Pive inches long, (Gunther.) 22 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, 584. Cristiceps splexdexs, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc. Victoria, Yol. IT., p. 66. D. 3/28/6. A. 2/23. Y. 1/4. Head very convex above and in front. Height of body contained a little over four times in the total length, the length of the head three times and two-thirds, eye five times in the length of the head ; snout longer than the diameter of the eye, which is equal to the width of the interorbital space. A long quadridigitate tentacle on the nostril ; another, stronger and rather longer, above the orbit, compressed and simple, excepting a small angle anteriorly. Teeth numerous and sharp in the jaws, with in the lower jaw an external series of larger and more conical ones, the teeth on the vomer more blunt. Scales small, round, deciduous ; lateral line continuous, formed of a succession of little ridges not contiguous. The first dorsal fin is placed over the orbit, the first spine as high as the body, the second shorter, the third half the length of the first, the second dorsal begins over the end of the operculum, and increases gradually in height to its posterior extremity, the last ray is attached by a membrane to the tail at some distance from the commencement of the caudal fin ; the caudal is long, of nine rays, which extend beyond the uniting membrane, the ventrals are formed of two short and two long rays. Colour (in spirits) uniform carmine with the head and fins orange. South Australia. length seven inches. *B ' 585. Cristiceps auraxtl^cus, Casteln. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Yol. III., p. 386. Port Jackson. 586. Cristiceps multifexestratus, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc. Yictoria, Yol. I., p. 131, and Yol. II., p. 48 note. D. 3/30/4. A. 2/23, Y. 1/3. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 23 Of rather elongate form. Height of body contained five times and a-half in the total length, length of head four times ; diameter of eye four times and five-sixths in the length of the head ; a long branched tentacle over the eye, a small simple one on the snout. Scales minute. Lower jaw longest. The first dorsal fin is situated above the end of the prreoperculura, the two first spines longer and nearer together than the third, the space between the two dorsals equal to the transverse diameter of the eye ; the second dorsal grows a little higher at its posterior extremity, which is rounded, the spines and rays are strong, and the membranes extend to the apex of the rays ; the caudal is rounded and formed of nine rays ; the anal in form resembles the second dorsal, but the rays extend beyond the connecting membrane ; the ventrals have their rays united at the base, the middle one the longest. Of a handsome purple colour, with large, black, rounded blotches, forming a line on the back and on each side, the last being the smallest ; between these there are numerous short, irregular, interrupted, white, longitudinal lines. The belly is of a pale and pinkish colour, with large white oval blotches; the head is punctured with red, and has two irregular longitudinal lines on the prreoperculum, the second rather oblique ; the lips are marbled with pale brown, and on the sides of the head are five or six silvery blotches. The dorsal and anal fins are transparent, covered with purplish-brown opaque lines, forming a sort of trellis work ; the rays are brown, marbled with yellow ; the rays of the caudal are similar, and that fin is bordered with orange, as is also the soft part of the dorsal ; the ventrals are striped yellow and purple ; the pectorals are dark ; the eye is pink, with an external series of red spots. Melbourne. Length ten inches. 587. Cristiceps am^enus, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. II., p. 48. 24 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, Count Castelnau says (he. cit.J that this species resembles much the preceding1 species fC. multifenestratusj in having numerous transparent spots on the dorsal and anal fins, in a sort of trellis work arrangement ; but the height of the body is contained four times and two-thirds in the present species in the length of the body, and the operculum is strongly striated. The general colour is a beautiful orange red. Melbourne. Length eight inches. 588. Cristicets Forsteri, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. I., p. 132. D. 3/29/4. A. 26. V. 1/3. Head elevated and gibbous. Height of body four times and a-half in the total length, length of head four times and one-third; diameter of eye four times and one-fourth in the length of the head. A single bifid filament over the eye. Lips thick and prominent. The first dorsal fin commences in f r out of the vertical from the end of the operculum and is elevated, the second dorsal is separated from it by only a small space ; the caudal is rounded and formed of nine rays ; the rays of the anal increase a little in length towards the posterior part, which is rounded ; the ventrals have the external ray short, the others long and connected towards the base. General colour green, with the sides of the head and the anterior part of the lower side of the body ochreous-yellow ; lips purple ; ' lower portions of prsoopcrculum carmine ; dorsal, caudal, and anal fins green, with the spines and rays purple ; ventrals yellow ; pectorals purple- There are two rounded white spots between the bases of the ventral and pectoral fins and on the second dorsal there are fenestrated rounded spots between the fourth and fifth rays, the ninth, tenth, and eleventh, the twentieth, and twenty-first, the twenty-sixth and twenty-seventh, and the thirty-second and thirty-third ; on the anal there are similar spots between tho seventeenth and eighteenth, and the twentieth and twenty -first, and one covering nearly all the twenty- BY W. IVTACLEAY, F.L.S. 25 third, twenty-fourth, and twenty-fifth, and between the twenty- fifth and twenty-sixth rays are two additional fenestrated spots, one over the other. Melbourne. Length six and a-half inches. 589. Ckisticeps riCTUS, n. sp. D. 3/29/6. A. 25. V. 1/3. Body very compressed. The first dorsal fin situated over the eye and twice the height of the second dorsal. A simple tentacle over the eye, a branched one on the nostril. No scales. The last two rays of the dorsal fin short, the body part of the tail long, narrow, compressed, becoming more expanded at the junction with the caudal fin ; the fin elongate, pointed. Ventrals termin- ating in one short and two long filaments. Colour (in spirits) red on the body, yellow on the head and thorax, with a brown vertical band beneath the eye. Fins dark purple with minute blackish dots, on the second dorsal are four almost vertical ' transparent bands, one about the seventh and eighth spines, one about the thirteenth and fourteenth, one about the twentieth and twenty-first, and the fourth on the two last short rays, there is also a round spot of the same character about the twenty-sixth spine, the caudal and anal fins have also some of these transparent spots, but not so large. The pectoral and ventral fins are barred with yellow. Port Jackson. Length three inches. 590. Ckisticeps aegyeopleera, Kner. Kner., Yoy. Novara, Fische, p. 199, Tab. 7, fig. 4. L>. 3/34. A. 27. V. 3. P. 10. C. 11. The first dorsal fin situated over the anterior part of the eye, higher than the body, and attached by a low membrane to the second. Caudal fin elongate. Silvery lines under the eye and 26 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, at the base of the pectorals, and a series of silvery spots on the sides. Port Jackson (Kner). Two inches long. 591. Cristiceps pallpdus, n. sp. D. 3/29/6. A. 26. V, 3. P. 10. Body compressed, height one-fifth of total length. The first dorsal fin over the middle of the eye, and scarcely higher than the last dorsal rays, which are longer than the first spines of the second dorsal. Head rather depressed, flat between the eyes, which space is less than the diameter of the orbit. Snout much shorter than eye ; cleft of mouth oblique ; scales very small ; lateral line marked with distant, elongate scales ; tail elongate. Colour uniform pale reddish -yellow ; fins very pale yellow, and immaculate. King George's Sound (Mad. Mus.) Genus Tripterygium, Pdsso. Body not very elongate, covered with rather small or with scales of moderate size. Snout of moderate extent. Jaws with a band of villiform teeth ; teeth on the palate. Three dorsal fins, the two anterior spinous, the middle one longest. Ventrals jugular with two soft rays. Six branchiostegals. Pseudobranchiae. European, New Zealand and Australian Coasts and Pavers. 592. Tripterygium marmoratum, Macl. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Yol III., p. 34, pi. 3, fig. 2. King George's Sound (Macl. Mus.) 593. Tripterygium atrigulare, Gunth. Journal Mus., Godef., Heft. TV., p. 91. D. 3/12/8. A. 14. L. lat. 33. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 27 The height of the body is less than the length of the head, which is two-sevenths of the length of the body without the caudal fin. Eyes large, more than one-third of the length of the head and longer than the snout. Scales with toothed edges. Lateral line distinct to the end of the second dorsal fin. Head without scales. The pectoral fins reach to the vertical from behind the termination of the second dorsal. The body is of a reddish- brown, without markings ; the underside of the head and the base of the pectorals are black ; the peduncle of the tail above and below with a small blackish spot. Bowen (Gunther). Genus Stenopiius, Castelnau. Of elongate form. No ventral fins. Dorsal fin entirely spinous united by a membrane with the caudal and anal. Scales small ; several lateral lines ; gill-openings united below the throat. Teeth numerous, rather compressed and curved. North Australia. 594. Stenopiius marmobattts, Casteln. Researches on the Fishes of Australia, p. 27. Height of body contained ten times and a-half in the length, without the caudal fin ; length of head five times and one-third ; lower jaw rather in advance of the upper ; aperture of mouth extending below the anterior edge of the eye ; upper part of head naked ; prseoperculum scaly ; a longitudinal ridge on the the operculum ending in a point, the portion above this ridge is scaly, below, naked ; a short lateral line above the point of the operculum formed of small granulations. Gulf of Carpentaria (Castelnau). 595. Stenophus obscufojs, Casteln. Researches on the Fishes of Australia, p. 27. 28 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, Height of the body contained nine times and two-thirds in the length without the caudal fin, length of the head about six times ; lower jaw considerably longer than the upper ; teeth numerous, conical, rounded at their extremity. A few very small scales apart from one another on the posterior part of the head ; operculum scaly ; body covered with rather small scales ; lateral line emitting an abbreviated upper branch behind the operculum. Colour obscure brown on the upper parts, dark yellow below. Gulf of Carpentaria (Castelnau). Length eleven inches. Genus Neogunellus, Casteln. Form elongate, rather compressed. Scales very small and rudimentary. Vertical fins long, united to the caudal ; dorsal entirely spinous ; vcntrals long, filamentary, of two rays. Teeth numerous, thick, conical, the outer ones larger. Head small. One species from South Australia. 596. Neogunellus sulcatus, Castelnau. Eescarches on the Pishes of Australia, p. 27. D. G7. A. 43. Height of body about eight times in the total length, length of head six times and two thirds ; diameter of eye five times and one-third in the length of the head. The dorsal spines are very feeble, but the twenty-sixth and thirty-first are much stronger ; caudal fin pointed, the middle rays being much the longest ; anal long and formed of flexible spines. The male has the sexual organ conspicuous, and a kind of thoracic corselet as in some of the Scomlridce. Colour (in spirits) reddish-brown without spots the vertical fins are black, and the lower part of tho head rather livid. South Australia. Length about five inches. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 29 Genus Sticharium, Gunth. Body elongate, compressed, naked or with scarcely a trace of scales. Anterior part of lateral line distinct, near the dorsal profile. Snout short ; small teeth in the jaws, without canines ; palate apparently toothless. Dorsal fin long, formed hy pungent spines only; ventrals jugular with two rays; caudal distinct. Gill-openings rather wide, the gill-membranes broadly united below the throat, and quite free from the isthmus. 597. Stichabium dorsale, Gunth. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1867, Vol. XX., p. 03. D. 41. A. 2/36. The height of the body is two-thirds of the length of the head, which is contained six times and a-half in the total length, (with- out caudal). Cleft of mouth extending to below the middle of the eye ; lower jaw slightly prominent. Length of the trunk not much exceeding that of the head. Dorsal and anal fins very low, terminating in a low fold of the skin, which is continued to the caudal. Ventrals much longer than the pectorals. A broad white band runs along the upper surface of the head and back. Sides finely marbled with brown, the markings radiating from the eye on the head. Port Jackson ? (Gunth.) Genus Notograptus, Gunth. Body elongate, compressed, covered with minute scales. Lateral line complete, running along the base of the dorsal fin. Head longish and rather depressed ; snout of moderate extent, some- what pointed ; cleft of the mouth wide ; a short flat barbel at the symphysis of the lower jaw. Bands of villiform teeth in the jaws and palatine bones, none on the vomer ; tongue narrow, long, free. Vertical fins confluent ; dorsal and anal with numerous spines, the posterior becoming gradually stiff er and more pungent 30 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, than the anterior. Ventrals jugular, close together, reduced to a single bifid ray. The gill-membrane is attached to the isthmus before the ventrals. Pseudobranchiae well developed. Intestinal tract short, simple, without pyloric appendages. Air-bladder none. 598. NOTOGRAPTUS GUTTATUS, Guntll. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1867, Vol. XX., p. 64. D. 69. C. 11. A. 43. The height of the body is one-twelfth of the length vithout caudal, length of the head two-fifteenths. Hye small; barbel shorter than the ventrals, which are about twice as long as the eye. Reddish or brown, dorsal fin, upper and lateral parts with numerous blue dots, those on the head largest. Young with the spots on the body, indistinct and of a brown colour. Cape York. Port Darwin (Macl. Mus.) Genus Pat.ecus, Pichardson. Body oblong, anteriorly elevated, very compressed, and tapering to the tail. Forehead projecting beyond the snout ; minute teeth in the jaws and on the vomer, none on the palatine bones. Mouth small, no scales. Dorsal fin long, some of the anterior spines strong, continuous with the caudal ; ventrals none. Gill- openings wide ; no pseudobranchiae ; branchiostegals sis. No cleft behind the fourth gill. Australia. 599. Pat/ecus pronto, Pichards. Ichth. Voy. Erebus and Terror, p. 20, pi. 13.— Gunth., Cat. III., p. 292. B. 6. D. 24/16. A. 11/5. P. 8. Head very high and compressed, front of the head more than perpendicular. Dorsal fin beginning before the eyes, the first spine short and stout, the next few stout and long, equalling the BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 31 height of the body behind the operculum. Pectoral fins longer than the head, reaching to the sixth anal spine. Colour uniform brownish red. West Australia. 600. Patjectts maculatus, Gunth. Cat. Fishes III., 292.— Castelnau, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., Vol. II., p. 231. D. 31. A. 12. P. 8. The pectoral fin shorter than the head. Olive, black-spotted. Dr. G-unther's description of this Fish cannot be accurate, or its resemblance to fronto must be very slight. It will probably be found that for D. 3 1 . we should read D. 41 . Count Castelnau's description in the Third Yolume of our transactions will assist in the identification of the species, which is from South Australia. 601. Patjecus "Waterhousei, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. I., p. 24-1. The pectoral fin rather longer than the head, only extending to the anus ; dorsal with thirty spines, the first sensibly longer than the others, and with its membrane deeply emarginated ; caudal with the fifth, sixth and seventh rays considerably prolonged ; anal with ten rays, the posterior ones elongated and pointed ; mouth surrounded by several series of bifid papilla?. Brown, marbled with white. South Australia. 602. Patjecus suboceleatus, Gunth. Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1871, p. 665, pi. 64. D. 39. A. 15. C. 10. P. 8. The first dorsal spine very short, the second is the longest, as long as the head. The interraclial membrane of the anal fin is 32 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, so narrow, that the fin cannot be erected, and the last ray is attached to the lower edge of the tail. The three upper pectoral rays much shorter than the fourth. No orbital rim. Skin entirely smooth, without tubercles or tentacles. Four ocellated spots, about as large as the eye, — the anterior equidistant from each other — along the upper half of the body. Fins indistinctly reticulated with brown, some of the reticulations being distinct rings. South Australia. Division XI. ACANTH. MUGILTFOKMES. Two dorsal fins more or less remote from each other, the anterior either short, like the posterior, or composed of feeble sjnnes ; ventral fins well developed, 1/5, abdominal. Family XXX. SPHYKzENIDyE . Body elongate, subcylindrical, covered with small cycloid scales; lateral line continuous. Cleft of mouth wide, armed with strong teeth. Eye lateral, of moderate size. Seven branchiostegals ; pseudobranchiae and air-bladder present. Two dorsal fins remote from each other ; ventrals abdominal. Genus SphypwExa, Artedi. Body more or less elongate, covered with small, smooth scales ; cleft of the mouth wide. Large trenchant teeth in the jaws and on the palatine bones, none on the vomer. Two short dorsal fins situated at a great distance from each other, the ventrals opposite the anterior dorsal, and the anal opposite and of the length of the posterior. Seven branchiostegals ; air-bladder large, bifurcate posteriorly. Pyloric appendages in great number. Nearly all tropical and temperate seas. 603. Spiiyiuena Noy.e-Hollandle, Gunth. Gunth., Cat. Fishes II., p. 335. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 33 D. 5. 1/9. A. 1/10. L. lat. 135. Very slender and elongate ; height of body one-eleventh of the total length, the length of the head one-fourth ; the diameter of the eye one-seventh of the length of the head. Operculum rounded posteriorly. The length of the pectoral fin is one-twelfth of the total, and more than that of the ventral, the spine of the latter is not much shorter than the rays. The origin of the first dorsal fin is behind the vertical from the root of the ventral, and before the middle of the length of the fish, without caudal. The space between the dorsals is one-fourth of the total length. Colour above greenish, beneath silvery. Port Phillip. Port Jackson, young specimens. 604. Spiiyu.exa Porsteri, Cuv. & Val. Gunth., Cat. Pishes II., p. 337.— Journ. Mus. Godef., Heft. XIII., p. 211, pi. 119, fig. a. D. 5. 1/9. A. 1/9. L. lat. 110. L. trans. 30. The height of the body is one-ninth of the total length, the length of the head nearly one-fourth ; the diameter of the eye is nearly five times in the length of the head ; the maxillary readies to beneath the anterior edge of the orbit. Operculum with a single flexible point. Lower jaw with a conical tubercle in front, and with about nineteen stronger posterior teeth. The length of the pectoral fin is about one-eleventh of the total, and more than that of the ventrals. The root of the ventral fins falls below the posterior half of the pectorals. The first dorsal commences just above the extremity of the pectoral, but behind the root of the ventral. Above uniform greenish ; beneath silvery. Dorsal and caudal fins violet, the others yellowish. South Coast, New Guinea (Chevert Exp.) 605. Spiiyr.exa Commersoxii, Cuv. & Yal. Gunth., Cat. Pishes II., p. 338. — Castelnau, Proc. Zool. Soc, Yict., II., p. 102. C 34 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, D. 5. 1/9. A. 1/9. L. lat. 80-90. The height of the body is about one-ninth of the total length, the length of the head about one-fourth ; the diameter of the eye one-fifth of the length of the head ; the maxillary bone reaches to the anterior edge of the orbit. Operculum with a flexible pnnt. Lower jaw with a conical tubercle in front, and about fifteen to eighteen longer posterior teeth. The length of the pectoral fin is one-tenth or one-eleventh of the total, and more than that of the ventrals. The first dorsal fin commences just above the point of the pectorals, but behind the insertion of the ventrals. Above uniform bluish-green, beneath silvery; dorsal, caudal, and anal fins violet. Knob Island, North Australia (Castclnau). 606. SPHYRiENA OBTUSATA, CllV. & Yal. Gunth., Cat. Fishes II., p. 339.— Journ. Mus. Godef., Heft. XIIL, p. 212, pi. 119, fig. b. D. 5. 1/9. A. 1/9. L. lat. 90. The height of the body is contained seven or eight times in the total length, the length of the head three times and a-half ; the diameter of the eye is more than a-fifth of .the length of the head. Operates scaly. Lower jaw without or with a very slight fleshy appendage in front. The first dorsal and the ventral fins commence in the vertical from the extremity of the pectorals. Proeoporculum not rounded, with the angle slightly produced. Above uniform greenish lead-coloured, beneath silvery. Fins yellow. Port Jackson. This is the " Pike" of the Sydney Fishermen. I have given Dr. Gunther's description, theie but maybe are two species, as it is scarcely in accordance with what I have observed. In all the Sydney specimens I havo seen, the ventral (ins commence opposite fie last fourth of the pectorals, and the first dorsal over the last EY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 35 fourth of the ventrals. A dark band runs from the snout to the tail below the lateral line ; the fins are all of a deep yellow colour with the outer rays black ; there is also a black blotch under and at the root of the pectorals. L. lat. 85. 607. Spkykjexa langsak, Bleek. Gunth., Cat. Fishes II., p. 340.— Macl., Linn. Soc. N. S. W., II., p. 359. D. 5. 1/9-10. A. 10-11. L. lat. 80. The height of the body is contained nine times in the total length ; the length of the head three times and three-quarters ; the diameter of the eye is one-fifth of the length of the head. Operculum without spine ; prseoperculum obliquely emarginate, with an acute membranaceous angle. The maxillary bone does not reach to the level of the eye ; lower jaw with a conical point but without appendage. The first dorsal fin commences just above the extremity of the pectoral, but behind the root of the ventrals. The distance between the dorsal fins is twice the length of the second dorsal. Above uniform greenish, beneath silvery ; fins scarcely coloured. Port Darwin, young specimens, (Macl. Mus.) Genus Laxioperca, Gunth. Body compressed, elongate, covered with deciduous scales of moderate size. Head with the snout produced and pointed, entirely covered with small scales. Cleft of the mouth wide, with the lower jaw projecting. Jaws, vomer, and palatine bones with narrow bands of villiform teeth, and with an outer series of stronger teeth. A pair of very strong canine teeth in the upper jaw. Tongue smooth. Eye of moderate size. Seven branchi- ostegals ; pseudobrauchue. Two dorsal fins, the first short ; the anal with two spines. No denticulations on the cranial bones, the opercular margins being very thin and membranaceous. 3G DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISIIES, 608. Lanioperca mordax, Guntli. Ann. and Mag., Nat. Hist. 1872, Yol. X. p. 183. Linolestes Mullen, Klunz., Arch. f. Nat., 1872, p. 29, tab. 3. JSfeosphijrcena multiradiata, Casteln., Proc. Zool. Soc, Yict. I., p. 90. J). 5. 1/19. A. 2/25. L. lat. 60. The height cf the body is contained five times in the length (without caudal); the length of the head three times and one- fourth. The eye is nearer to the end of the opercle than to that of the snout, its diameter being two-elevenths of the length of the head, and equal to the width of the interorbital space. Tho maxillary does not quite reach the vertical from the front margin of the eye, which is immediately below the upper profile. The teeth of the outer series in the upper jaw are subequal in size, and much smaller than those in the lower, the four or five posterior of which are enlarged, distant, and canine like. Posterior margin of the proooperculum deeply emarginate. Pectoral fin not quite half as long as the head, the upper rays the longest ; root of the ventrals at a very short distance behind that of tho pectorals. Dorsal spines very feeble. Caudal forked. Coloration silvery-grey, fins yellowish, sometimes a black spot on tho upper lobe of the tail. Length twelve to eighteen inches. Tasmania. Port Phillip. Port Jackson. Family NXXI. ATHEEINIDvE. Body more or less elongate, sub cylindrical, covered with scales of moderate size ; lateral line indistinct. Cleft of tho mouth of moderate width, with, the dentition feeble. Eye lateral, well developed. Gill-opening wide ; four gills ; pseudobranchia) ; five or six branchiostegals. Two dorsal fins ; the spines of the first feeble, the second of moderate length ; anal like the second dorsal or rather longer. Ventral fins abdominal, with one spine and five rays. Vertebra) very numerous in the caudal and abdominal portions. BY "W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 37 Genus Atiierina, Artedi. Body subcylindrical or slightly compressed ; snout more or less obtuse, with the cleft of the mouth straight, oblique, extending to or beyond the anterior margin of the eye. Teeth minute, those on the palate sometimes indistinct. Scales cycloid, of moderate size. Ventral fins some distance behind the pectorals. Air-bladder present. No pyloric appendages. A silvery band along the side. Nearly all temperate and tropical seas entering rivers. 609. Atiierixa iiepsetoides, Eicbards. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1843, XI., p. 187.— Guntli., Cat. Fishes III., p. 397. D. 9. 1/11. A. 1/14. P. 15. Vert. 48. The anterior dorsal fin is between the base of the ventral and the vent. The height of the body is one-eighth of the total length, the length of the head nearly one-sixth ; the diameter of the eye is one-third of the length of the head, and a little more than the length of snout. Cleft of mouth oblique ; teeth minute. Port Arthur, Tasmania (Eicharclson). 610. Atiierina presbyteroides, Eichards. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1843, XI., p. 179.— Guntli., Cat. III., p. 397. D. 9/10-11. A. 1/12. P. 11. Vert. 46. The first dorsal fin stands wholly anterior to the anus, com- mencing just perceptibly behind the ventrals. The height of the body equals the length of the head and is one-fifth of the total. The diameter of the eye is one-third of the length of the head, and more than that of the snout. Teeth distinct. There are two series of scales above the silvery band. Port Arthur, Tasmania (Eichardson). 38 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, nil. Atiierixa pixguis, Lacep. Grunth., Cat. Fishes III., p. 399. " HardyJiead" of Sydney Fishermen. D. 6. 1/10. A. 1/14-15. L. lat. 42-45. L.transv. 7. Vert. 20/23. The origin of the spinous dorsal is at some distance behind the vertical from the vent, and its distance from the operculum is equal to one and a-third of the length of the head. The height of the body is five times and two-thirds in the total length, the length of the head four times and two-thirds. The diameter of the eye is two-fifths of the length of the head, equal to the width of the interorbital space, and much longer than the snout. Snout short, obtuse, with the cleft of the mouth very oblique, and the upper jaw overlapping the lower ; the maxillary extends beyond the vertical from the anterior margin of the eye. Teeth distinct in the jaws, on the vomer and the palatine bones. The silvery streak occupies the third series of scales and the adjoining quarter of the fourth. The membrane in which the dorsal scales are rooted, is minutely dotted with white ; a blackish blotch on the posterior extremity of the pectoral ; iris with a blackish spot superiorly. Port Jackson. South Australia. 612. Atiierina lacuxosa, Bleek. Gunth., Cat. Fishes III., p. 400.— Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. I., p. 340. D. G. 1/9. A. 1/13-15. L. lat. 41. The spinous dorsal is nearar to the anal fin than to the ventrals. The height of the body is two-thirteenths in the total length, the length of the head two-ninths. Snout much shorter than the eye, the maxillary extending to below the pupil ; teeth in the jaws, less distinct than on the vomer and palatine bones. Margin of the scales denticulated. No black spot on the pectoral fin. Capo York (Chcvert Exp.) BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 39 613. Atiieriisa EXDRAcnTE^sis, Quoy & Gaim. Gunth., Gat. Fishes III., p. 401. D. 5. 1/8. A. 1/10. L. transv. 7. Vert. 36. lTeight of body one-sixth, of total length ; the width of the head between the eyes is two-thirds of its length ; snout half as long as the ej'e ; pectoral fin long, somewhat less than one-fourth of total length. A series of black dots along the middle of the silvery band ; two other series along the side of the back, and a single series on the belly. South West Coast of New Holland, (Val.) 614. Atiierixa microstoma, Gunth. Gunth., Cat. III., p. 401. D. 6. 1/10. A. 1/12. P. 12. L. lat. 40. L. tr. 8. The whole of the spinous dorsal is above the ventral fin ; the height of the body is six times and a-half in the total length, the length of the head five times ; the diameter of the eye is one- third of the length of the head, equal to the width of the inter- orbital space, and more than the extent of the snout, which is short and slightly pointed. The cleft of the mouth is very oblique with the jaws equal anteriorly ; the mouth is rather small, the maxillary not extending to the anterior margin of the eye. Teeth conspicuous, on jaws and vomer. The silvery band occupies half of the fourth and fifth series of scales, and it has two or three rows of dots running along its whole length. Tasmania. 615. Atiierina iattciradiata, Gunth. Gunth., Cat. Fishes III., p. 491. D. 5-6. 1/6. A. 1/7. L. lat. 25. L. transv. 6. The spinous dorsal fin is above the posterior half of the ventral. The height of the body is one-fifth of the total length, the length 40 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN PISHES, of the head one-fourth : the diameter of the eye is throe times and two-thirds in the length of the head, equal to the extent of the snout, but much less than the width of the interorbital space. Mouth very protractile, oblique, with the jaws equal anteriorly ; the maxillary extends to below the anterior margin of the eye. Minute teeth in the jaws. The silvery band is narrow, occupying the central half of the third series of scales. North-west Coast of Australia. G16. Atiierixa stercus-muscarum, Gunth. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1867, Vol. XX., p. 64. D. 7. 1/8. A. 1/9. L. lat. 33. L. transv. 8 or 9. Origin of the spinous dorsal behind the root of the ventrals. The height of the body is contained four times and two-thirds in the total length (without caudal), length of the head thrice and two-thirds. Snout not much shorter than the eye. Dorsal spines feeble. Pectoral fin short, extending to the root of the ventral. A black band from the snout through the eye to the root of the pectoral. A silvery band along the fourth series of scales. Each scale with a black dot at the base. Cape York. Length two inches. 617. Atiieroa sigxata, Gunth. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1867, Vol. XX., p. 61. Fseudomugil algnifcr, Kuer., Voy. Novara, p. 27o, pi. 13. D. 3. 1/6. A. 1/10. L. lat. 28. L. transv. 7. Origin of the first dorsal fin behind the root of the ventrals. The height of the body is thrice and three-fourths in the total length (without caudal), length of the head four times. Snout obtuse, shorter than the eye. The three dorsal spines are united into a narrow lobe, terminating in a long filament. Anterior dorsal and anal rays, lobes of the caudal fin, and the ventrals BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 41 prolonged into long filaments. The middle of the sides silvery ; the prolonged parts of the fins deep black ; ventrals white. Cape York. Length one and a-half inch. Genus Atherixichthys, Bleek. Characters of Athcrim, but -with the snout produced and the cleft of the mouth not reaching the orbit. 618. Atiieuixiciithys jacksoniana, Quoy & Gaim. Gunth., Cat. Fishes III., p. 402. D. 8. 1/11. A. 1/18. The spinous dorsal is above the interspace between the ventral fins and the anal. The height of the body is one-ninth of the total length. Port Jackson. Tasmania (Gunther\ G19. Atiieriniciitiiys Duboulayi, Casteln. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. III., p. 143. Eichmond Piver. 620. Atiierixichthys modesta. Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. I., p. 136. D. 6. 1/9. A. 1/10. L. lat. 40. Height of body five times and a-half in the total length, length of head four times and a-quarter ; diameter of eye three times in the length of the head, and considerably more than the length of the snout ; mouth protractile ; scales large. The distance from the origin of the first dorsal fin to the snout is equal to that from the termination of the same fin to the origin of the caudal ; from the origin of the first dorsal to that of the second, the distance is equal to that between the origin of the second dorsal and the base of the caudal ; the height of the first dorsal is equal to the distance from the point of the snout to the centre of the eye ; the 42 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, caudal fin is strongly bilobed ; the anal is inserted very slightly in advance of the first dorsal ; the pectorals are longer than the height of the dorsal, and are composed of twelve rays. Colour light greyish-green, with the edges of the scales on the back of a dark colour. A broad silvery band on the sides ; dorsal, caudal, and pectoral fins yellow ; anal and yentrals white ; eyo silvery. Hobson's Bay and lower Yarra. Length two to three inches. 621. Atiieiientichtiiys edelexsis, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. II., p. 134. More elongate than A. modesta, the height being about one- seventh in the total length, the length of the head three times and three-quarters. The first dorsal fin is inserted at an equal distance from the snout and the base of the caudal. In all else the description of A. modesta applies to this species. Western Australia. C22. Atiierixiciitiiys picta, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. I., p. 137. D. 8/10. A. 11. C. 17. L. lat. 44. Height of body six and a-half times in the total length, the length of the head four times ; the diameter of the eye three times and one-fifth in the length of the head. Body elongate ; scales large, snout considerably shorter than the diameter of the eye. The two dorsal fins are placed as in A. modesta; the anal a little in front of the dorsal ; the vcntrals under the first dorsal ; caudal long, emarginate. Of a pretty light green, with the lower parts of the body white and silvery, a broad longitudinal red band on each side ; fins diaphanous ; caudal 3-ellow ; oye silvery ; a few very minute black points on the sides of the head. Capt. Tinnot's Dock, Lower Yarra. Under two inches. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S 43 623. Atiiekiniciithys cephalotes, Castoln. Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. I., p. 137. 1). 7. 1/8. A. 1/12. L. lat. 42. Height of body seven times and one-third in the total length, the length of the head three times and two-thirds. Eye very large, its diameter three times and one-third in the length of the head. Lower jaw longer than upper, the teeth in the lower rather longer, in both, curved and pointed. Mouth large, but the cleft does not reach the orbit. The first dorsal fin commences a little nearer to the snout than to the base of the tail, its first spine is considerably shorter than the others ; the anal is inserted below the second dorsal, but is much longer ; the ventrals are inserted a little in advance of the first dorsal ; the caudal is forked. Colour light green, with the belly white, a broad silvery band on the side, a large round, black spot, (sometimes indistinct) on the base of the caudal fin. The head has an olive tint, the dorsals are greyish, the caudal and pectorals yellow, anal and ventrals white. Hobson's Bay. Length six inches. 024. Atiieeiniciithys obscuha, Casteln. liesearches on the Fishes of Australia, p. 31. D. 7. 1/11. A. 1/16. The cleft of the mouth far in advance of the anterior margin of the orbit ; body very elongate, its height being eight times and a-half in the total length. Eye large, about one-third of the length of the head, and equal to the length of the snout. The first dorsal fin is inserted a little behind the base of the ventrals, caudal very deeply forked. Colour blackish, the width of the silvery band varies from one to three series of scales in different specimens. Swan Eiver. Length one and c-half inch. 44 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN PISHES, Genus Nematocentris, Peters. Distinguished from Atherinichthys, by the presence of vomerine and palatine teeth, absence of a lateral line, pungent first spine of the two dorsal fins, the other spines of the first dorsal being- flexible. 925. Nematocentris nigrans, Richards. Atherina nigrans, Richards., Ann. and Mag., Nat. Hist., 184.5, XI., p. 180. Nematocentris splendida, Peters, Monatsb. Ak. Wiss., Berlin, 1866. D. 1/4/1/12. A. 1/18. L. lat. 35. L. transv. 10. The height of the body is one-fourth of the total length, the length of the head one-fifth ; the diameter of the eye equals the length of the snout (in mature specimens) and is nearly one-fourth of the length of the head. The first dorsal spine pungent, the others filiform ; the last dorsal rays produced, reaching to the base of the caudal. The ventrals end in a thread-like tip which overlaps the commencement of the anal. The dorsal and anal fins commence in nearly the same vertical. An even black stripe replaces the usual silvery band and is continued forward over the gill-cover, upper half of the eye, and sides of the snout ; it occupies the fifth series of scales and the adjoining parts of the fourth and sixth. Length three inches. Freshwaters of Port Essington, Severn River, Pitzroy, Clarence and Brisbane Rivers. 626. Nematocentris pusilla, Casteln. Zantecla pu&illa, Casteln., Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. II., p. 88. D. 1/5/1/9. A. 1/17. L. lat. 35. L. transv. 10. Height of body three times and a-third in the total length, diameter of eye twice and one-third in the length of the head ; head attenuated and pointed ; lower jaw longer and thicker than the upper. The first dorsal fin is inserted at an equal distance BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 45 from the snout and the base of the caudal, the second is separated from the first by a space equal to the diameter of the eye, its spine is long and carved as is also that of the anal fin, the last rays of both fins prolonged. Colour silvery, with the bach of a light lilac, a broad silvery band bordered with black on each side, the dorsal rays and extremities of the anal blackish. Port Darwin. Length two inches. Genus Athekinosoma, Casteln. Form and characters of Atherina, but with numerous large, hooked teeth in the jaws, and with the vomer, palatine bones, tongue, and all the upper surface of the mouth strongly toothed. For the reception of this and the following genus Count Castelnau suggested a new Family, to be named Neoatherinidce, the dentition being so very much stronger than in the Atherinidce proper. 627. Atiiebinosoma vobax, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. I., p. 138. D. 6. 1/9. A. 1/8. L. lat. 36. Height of body seven times in the total length, length of head four times and a-half, diameter of eye three times and one-third in the length of the head. Lower jaw longer than upper ; snout considerably shorter than the diameter of the eye. The first dorsal fin rather rounded, its posterior membrane attached to the back ; it is inserted nearer to the muzzle than to the root of the caudal ; caudal forked ; ventrals rather large, situated a little in front of the first dorsal. Head scaly to between the eyes. Colour light green, beneath white and silvery, a broad brilliant band along th.3 side, dorsal and caudal fins yellow ; anal and ventrals white. Cape Schanck. Length three inches. 46 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, Genus Neoatiierixa, Casteln. Form compressed, subelongate ; snout rather projecting. Teeth strong, on the upper jaw in two series, those in front long and Llunt, those on the sides triangular; in the lower jaw numerous and pavement like, with an external series of larger and conical teeth ; several transverse lines of strong teeth on the palate. Scales large, ciliated. Two dorsal fins, each with one strong spine. 628. Neoatherina australis, Casteln. Researches on the Fishes of Australia, p. 32. D. 1/4/1/11. A. 1/17. L. lat. 28. Subelongate, convex on the anterior part of the bach ; height of body four times in the length, length of head four times and a-third, the diameter of the eye three times and a-half in the length of the head, and equal to the length of the snout ; anterior teeth directed forwards ; cheeks and opercles covered with large scales ; mouth rather wide, resembling that of a Clupea. The four soft rays of the first dorsal are much longer than the spine, and higher than the second dorsal ; ventrals with six long rays ; pectorals small, of twelve rays. Colour (in dried specimens) purplish above and whitish below, with a bluish longitudinal band on the side. Swan River. Length four inches. &■ Family XXXIL MUGILIDiE. Body more or less oblong and compressed, covered with cycloid scales of moderate sko ; lateral line none. Cleft of the mouth narrow, or of moderate width, without, or with feeble teeth. Eye lateral, well developed. Gill-openings wide ; four gills ; pseudobranchise ; five or six branchiostegals. Two short dorsal fins, the anterior with .' »ur stiff Bpines, anal longer than second BY TV. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 47 dorsal. Yentrals 1/5, abdominal, suspended from the elongate coracoid bone. Vert. 24. Coasts and freshwaters of all temperate and tropical regions. Genus Mugil, Artedi. See Macl. Mon. Mug., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., Vol. IV., p. 412. 629. Mugil gkandis, Casteln. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. III., p. 386. Prom Brisbane to Gipps Land Lakes. 630. Mugil dobula, Guntb. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, Vol. IV., p. 41 1. Rivers of East Coast ; Hawkesbury Eiver. 631. Mugil cepiialotus, Cuv. & Val. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. IV., p. 416. Port Jackson. (Kner.) 632. Mugil argenteus, Gunth. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. IV., p. 417. Pockl.ampton (Guntber). 633. Mugil occidentalism, Cast3ln. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. IV., p. 418. West Australia, rivers. 634. Mugil waigiensis, Quoy. & Gaim. Pioc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. IV., p. 420. North Coast. Cape York. 635. Mugil Peeoxii, Cuv. & Val. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. IV.. p. 121. Western Port. Port Jackson. 48 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OE AUSTRALIAN EISIIES, 636. Mugil COMPRESSUS, Guntli. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. IV., p. 421. New South Wales rivers. 637. Mugil Pettaldi, Casteln. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. IV., p. 122. Richmond River. 638. Mugil delicatus, All. & Macl. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. IV., p. 422. Capo York, (Chevert Exp.) 639. Mugil ventricosus, Casteln. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. IV., p. 423. Nicol Bay, West Australia. 640. Mugil crenidens, Kner. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. IV., p. 424. Sydney, (Kner.) Genus Agoxostoiia, Gunth. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. IV., p. 42 1. 641. Agonostoma diemensis, Eicharclson. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. IV., p. 425. Port Phillip, Tasmania, and West Australia. 642. Agonostoma lacustris, Casteln. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. IV., p. 425. Gipps Land Lakes. Genus Myxus, Guntli. rroc. Linn. Soo. N.S. Wales, Vol. IV, p. 426. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 49 643. Mirxus elongatus, Gunth. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. IV., p. 426. Hobson's Bay. Port Jackson. Division XII. ACANTH. GASTEEOSTEIFORMES. Spinous dorsal fin composed of isolated spines if present ; the ventrals have an abdominal position in consequence of the prolongation of the pubic bones, which are attached to the humeral arch. Family XXXIII. FISTULAEID^. Of greatly elongated form ; the anterior bones of the skull much produced, forming a long tube terminating in a narrow mouth. Teeth small. Parts of the skeleton and dermal produc- tions form external mails ; scales none or small. The spinous dorsal either absent or formed of isolated feeble spines ; the soft dorsal and anal of moderate length ; ventral fins abdominal, of six rays, without spine, separate from the pubic bones, which remain attached to the humeral arch. Five branchiostegals ; air- bladder large ; four gills ; pseuclobranchioe ; pyloric appendages in small number ; intestinal tract short ; vertebra3 very numerous. Genus Fistularia, L. Body scaleless. Caudal fin forked, with the two middle rays prolonged into a filament ; no free dorsal spines. Teeth small. Tropical Seas. 644. Fistularia serrata, Cuv. Gunth., Cat. Fishes III., p. 533. B. 7. D. 13-15. A. 14-15. V. 6. C. 2 x 6/2/6 x 2. Vert. 47/34 (Eiip.). 47/29 (Rosenth.) 50 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISITES, The outer edge of the tube is very distinctly serrated . Browni sh- grey, silvery beneath, sometimes some bluish spots on the back or on the sides. Port Jackson. All Australian Seas. Genus Aulostoma, Lacep. Body covered with small scales. Caudal fin rhombic, without filiform rays ; a series of isolated, feeble dorsal spines. Teeth rudimentary. Tropical Seas. G15. AULOSTOMA ClIIXEXSE, L. Gunth., Cat. Fishes III., p. 538. D. 8-12/24-27. A. 27/28. V. G. The base of the soft dorsal and anal fins is black ; sometimes another short, black streak above, across the anterior rays. Ventral fin with a round black spot at the base, sometimes nearly uniform brown without markings. A barbel at the end of the maxillary and another on the chin. Knob Island, Torres Straits (Castelnau. Division XIII. ACANTII. CENTBISCIFOEMES. Two dorsal fins, the spinous short, the soft and the anal of moderate extent. Ventral fins truly abdominal, imperfectly developed. Family XXXIV. CENTFJSCIML Form of body compressed, oblong or elevated, the anterior bones uf the skull much produced, forming a long tube which terminates in a narrow mouth. Teeth none. Body either covered with a cuirass, or with non-confluent ossifications, scales none or small. Two dorsal fins ; the spinous short, with one of the spines strong ; the soft and the anal of moderate extent. Ventral fins BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.8. 51 small, without spine, or rudimentary, abdominal. Branchiostegals three or four ; air-bladder large, four gills, pseudobranchire. Pyloric appendages none ; intestinal tract rather short. Vertebras in small number. Genus Centriscus, Cuv, Body scaly or covered with prickles. All Seas. 646, Centriscus humerosus, Eichards. Voy. Erebus and Terror, p. 56, pi. 34.— Gunth., Cat. III., p. 522. D. 7/15. A. 17. C. 4x4x5x5. The height of the body is somewhat less than the distance of the operculum from the base of the caudal. The second dorsal spine is exceeding long and strong, its length being a little more than one-half the distance of the opercle from the caudal. The bodji is strongly compressed and elevated, covered with very small scales each terminating in a spine, and with two series of bony plates on the side of the back. The first dorsal fin is situated far back and immediately above the second. South Australia (Eichardson). Genus Amphisile, Cuv. Body elongate, strongly compressed, provided with a dorsal cuirass formed by portions of the skeleton ; the longitudinal axis of the tail is not in the same line with that of the trunk. Scales none. Teeth none. Two dorsal fins situated on the hindmost part of the back ; ventrals rudimentary. Indian and Chinese Seas. 647. Amphisile strigata, Gunth. Gunth., Cat. Fishes III., p. 528. D. 3/10. A. 12. C. 10. P. 12. V. 4. 52 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISIIES, The distance of the posterior margin of the operculum from the root of the pectoral is somewhat less than its distance from the anterior margin of the orbit. A black streak runs from the snout, through the eye and the base of the pectoral fin, along the lower edge of the dorsal cuirass ; it is double between the eye and the gill-opening, and undulated along the side. Cape York. Division XIV. AOANTH. GOBIESOCIFOKMES. No spinous dorsal, the soft dorsal and anal fins short, or of moderate length, situated on the tail ; ventral fins subjugular, with or without an adhesive apparatus between them. Family XXXV. GOBIESOCIDJE. Body rather elongate, anteriorly depressed, naked. Teeth conical, compressed. A single dorsal fin on the tail without spinous portion ; anal short ; ventrals widely apart with one spine hidden in the skin and four or five rays. Between the ventrals is a large adhesive apparatus, the posterior portion of which is suspended on the coracoid bones, which are partly free, in the axil of the pectoral fins. Three or three and a-half gills. No air-bladder ; intestinal tract short, wide, without pyloric appendages. Skeleton firm. Vert. 13-14/13-22. Genus Cretidogaster, Gunth. Anterior part of the body depressed ; snout produced, much depressed. Dorsal fin situated on the tail. Posterior portion of the adhesive disk with the anterior margin free. Villiform teeth in both jaws without incisors. Gills three ; pseudobranchia) none or rudimentary ; gill membranes united under the throat and not attached to the isthmus. Australia and Tasmania. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 53 648. Crepidogaster tasmaxiensis, Guntk Gunth,, Cat. Fishes III., p. 507. B. 5. D. 10. A. 9. Caudal fin quite free from dorsal and aual. The coracoid extends upwards somewhat beyond the middle of the base of the pectoral. Snout produced, somewhat pointed, much narrower than the head. Tasmania. Length twenty-six lines. 649. Crepidogaster spatula, Gunth. Gunth., Cat. Fishes III., p. 508. D. 6. A. 7. Dorsal and anal fins terminating at some distance from the caudal. The coracoid extends upwards to the middle of the base of the pectoral fin. Snout very broad and long, much depressed, scarcely narrower than the posterior part of the head. Mouth of Swan Biver, dredged in three fathoms. Length twenty-one lines. Division XV. ACANTH. CHANNIFOBMES. Body elongate, covered with scales of moderate size ; no spine in any of the fins, dorsal and anal long. No superbranchial organ, only a bony prominence on the interior surface of the epitympanic bone. Family XXXVI. OPHIOCEPHALID.E. Body elongate, anteriorly subcylindrical ; covered with scales of moderate size ; head depressed, covered with shield-like scales superiorly ; lateral line with an abrupt curve or subinterrupted. Cleft of mouth lateral, wide ; teeth in the jaws and on the palate. Eye lateral. Gill-opening wide, the gill membranes of both sides joined below the isthmus ; four gdls ; no pseudobranchia). A cavity accessary to the gill cavity, for the purpose of retaining 54 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, water. An air-bladder. One long dorsal and anal fin without spines. Ventrals absent or thoracic, of six rays, the outer not branched. Vertebra) numerous ; the caudal vertebra) provided with ribs, the abdominal cavity being continued to below the caudal portion. Genus Ophiocepiialus, Bl. Ventral fins present. Pyloric appendages two. Fine teeth in the jaws, on the vomer and tho palatino bones, sometimes inter- mixed with larger ones. Freshwaters of the East Indies. 650. Opiiiocepiialus striatus, Bl. Gunth., Cat. Fishes III., p. 474.— Bleek., Atl. Ichth. Oph., Tab. 3, fig. r. D. 40 45. A. 26-27. L. lat. 57. L. tr. 5-6/12-13. Vert. 53-55. Several large teeth on the side of the lower jaw, those of the palatine bones cardiform. Height of body nearly seven times in the total length ; the length of the head three times and three- fourths, the length of the caudal six times ; the width of the interorbital space is rather more than the length of the snout and two-ninths of the length of the head. Cleft of the mouth large, the maxillary extending behind the orbit. Eight or ten scales between the orbit and the angle of the pra)operculum. The pectoral fin does not reach to the origin of the anal, and its length is one-half of that of the head ; the length of the]ventral is three- fourths of that of the pectoral. Brownish-grey (in spirits) on the back and the sides, emitting vertical processes towards the belly, which is white. Dorsal and anal fins sometimes with oblique dark streaks ; frequently some white dots on a black ground on the hindmost part of these fins. Sydney (Kuer., Voy. Novara, p. 234). BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 55 Division XVI. TJ3NIIFOEMES. Anal fin absent ; caudal rudimentary, or not in the longitudinal axis of the fish. Skeleton soft. Family XXXVII- TEACHYPTEBID.E. Body elongate, strongly compressed, naked ; eye lateral ; mouth small, dentition feeble. One dorsal fin occupying the whole back with a detached anterior portion, composed of flexible rays. Ventrals thoracic ; gill-opening wide, pyloric appendages in very great number. Vertebrse numerous. Genus Eegalecus, Briinn. Each ventral fin reduced to a long filament, dilated at the extremity ; caudal fin rudimentary or absent. Europe, Africa, India. 651. Eegalecus gladius, Cuv. & Val. Gunth., Cat. Fishes III., p. 308. B. G. D. 312. A. 0. C 0. P. 14. V. 1. The length of the head equals the height of the body, which is contained five times and two-thirds in the distance of the vent from the snout; the snout is truncated, the cleft of the mouth vertical, and the upper jaw very protractile ; a series of minute teeth in each of the jaws ; the single ventral ray very long, terminating in a broad lobe, and another cutaneous flap on the second third of its length ; the anterior twelve dorsal rays are produced, the first five forming a separate division over the eye ; skin covered with small tubercles. Colour light grey, purplish on the back ; dorsal fin margined with rod ; head bluish-grey. Said to have been seen on the Tasmanian Coast. 652. Eegalecus jacksonexsis, Eamsay. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. V., p. 631 pi. 20. Port Jackson. 56 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, Division XVII. NOTACANTHIFOEMES. Soft dorsal fin absent or quite rudimentary ; ventrals abdominal composed of several articulated and unarticulated rays. Family XXXVIII. NOTACANTHI. Body elongate, covered with very small scales, snout protruding beyond the mouth. Eye lateral, of moderate size. Dentition feeble. Dorsal fin short, composed of short free spines ; anal very long, anteriorly with many spines ; ventrals abdominal, composed of more than five soft, and of several unarticulated, rays. Genus Notacanthus, Bl. Characters the same as of the Family. All Seas. 653. Notacanthus sepspinis, Eichards. Vog. Erebus and Terror, p. 54, pi. 32, figs. 4-11. — Gunth., Cat. III., p. 545. D. 6/1. A. 14/ ?. E. 13-14. V. 2/7. The ventral fins are completely united to each other, so as to form but one fin, its base being before the vertical from the first dorsal spine. A small forked jointed ray stands in the axil of the last dorsal spine. King George's Sound. Order II. ACANTHOPTERYGII PHARYNGOGNATRI. The inferior pharyngeal bones are coalesced, with or icithout a median longitudinal suture. Part of the rays of the dorsal, anal, and ventral fins not articulated, forming spines. Air-bladder icithout pneumatic duct. Family I. POMACENTKIDiE. Body compressed, more or less short, covered with ctenoid scales. Dentition feeble, palato smooth. The lateral line docs not extend BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 57 to the caudal fin or it is interrupted. One dorsal fin, with the spinous portion as well developed as the soft, or more. Two, sometimes three, anal spines ; the soft anal similar to the soft dorsal. Ventral fins thoracic, with one spine and five rays. Branchiostegals five, six, or seven ; gills three and a-half ; pseudobranchiae and air-bladder present. Pyloric appendages in small number ; intestinal tract of moderate length. Vertebra} 12/14. Genus Ampiiiprion, Bl. All the opercles and the procorbital are denticulated, the teeth of the operculum and suboperculum being very long. Teeth in the jaws in a single series, small, conical. Dorsal fin with nine to eleven spines, anal with two. Scales rather small ; the lateral line ceases below the end of the dorsal fin. Branchiostegals five. Pyloric appendages two or three. Indian and Polynesian Seas, Western Pacific. 654. Amphiprion Clarkii, Benn. Gunth., Cat. Pishes IV., p. 5. Amphiprion poli/mmis, Bleek., Atl. Ichth. Pomac. Tab. l,fig. 7-8. D. 10/16. A. 2/14. L. lat. 55. L. transv. 6/19. Ground colour brown or black, with three pearl-coloured cross- bands, the last round the tail ; thorax, chin, and pectoral, ventral and caudal fins yellow. The dorsal fin is scarcely notched and has the spines stout and short. The caudal fin is emarginate. The height of the body is rather less than one-half of the total length (exclusive of the caudal fin). Endeavour, Cooktown. 655. Amphiprion percula, Lacep. Gunth., Cat. Pishes IV., p. 6.— Bleek., Atl. Ichth. Pomac. 1. 1, f. 2. D. 11/15. A. 2/12. L. lat. 55. L. transv. 7/23. 58 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OE AUSTRALIAN FISHES, Ground colour light brown or brown, with three broad white cross-bands, edged with black ; the anterior is curved and encircles completely the hind part of the head, its convexity being directed backwards; ihe middle descends from the notch of the dorsal fin to the vent, and is angularly produced on the middle of the side ; the posterior encircles the free part of the tail ; fins with a black and white margin. The dorsal spines are moderately long and strong, the posterior ones much shorter than the middle ones, there being a deep notch between the spinous and soft portions. The height of the body is two-fifths of the length, (caudal fin excluded). North Australian Seas. Darnley Island. 656. A>iriirpRioN bictnctus, Iiupp. Gunth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 8. B. 5. D. 10/16. A. 2/14. L, lat. 58. L. transv. 8/20. Brownish, with two white cross-bands, one across the head and nock, the other across the middle of the body ; the soft dorsal fin is greenish, the others yellow, the ventral having the outer margin brown. Caudal fin emarginate, sometimes with the upper lobe produced. Dorsal fin scarcely notched, with the spines of moderate strength and length. The height of the body is one- half or a little more than one-half the length, (exclusive of the caudal fin). Port Darwin. 657. AiirnirnioN melanotus, Block. Atl. Ichth. Pomac.,Tab. 2, fig. 7.— Gunth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 8. D. 10/17. A. 2/14. L. lat 48-50. L. transv. 5/18. Brownish black, lighter anteriorly, with a pearl-coloured band from the neck to the opcrcles ; tail yellow posteriorly ; ventral and anal fins black ; dorsal, caudal, and pectoral fins yellow. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S 59 Dorsal spines moderately strong-. The height of the body is one- half of the length (the caudal fin not included). Port Darwin. One very young specimen almost entirely yellow. 658. Ampiiipeion tricolor, Gunth. Gunth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 8. D. 10/16-17. A. 2/14-15. L.lat. 56. L. transv. 7/19. Blackish-brown : thorax, all the lower parts, and the free portion of the tail dull orange-coloured ; a pearl-coloured band, edged with black, from the nape of the neck across the opercles. Ventral, anal, and caudal fins dull orange-coloured ; the two former edged with black — the ventral exteriorly, the anal inferiorly. Prajorbital and praeoperculum strongly serrated. The dorsal fin is nearly even, the middle and posterior spines being about the same length. Caudal rounded. The height of the body is one-half of the length, (caudal fin not included). Port Darwin. 659. AjipmrRioN Euppelii, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. II., p. 91. D. 10/18. A. 2/14. L. lat. 38. Height of body twice and two-thirds in total length, diameter of eye three times in the length of the head ; the upper profile very convex ; the lower jaw longer than the upper; the infra- orbital very strongly serrated ; the snout considerably shorter than the diameter of the eye ; the preeoperculuni feebly denticulated on its posterior edge, and not at all on the inferior one ; the operculum is very strongly serrated and four-lobed. Dorsal fin equal, without notch, caudal rounded, with the central rays prolonged. General colour dark brown, much paler in young specimens, with a very large, black blotch covering all the back and the sides up to the base of the pectoral fins, and two pearly 60 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAX FISHES, cross-bands one from the nape, the other narrow about the middle of the body. Port Darwin. Cape York. 660. Amphipriox bicolor, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc. Victoria, Vol. II., p. 92. D. 13/13. A. 2/12. The height of the body is twice and two-thirds in the total length, the length of the head four times ; the diameter of the eye three times in the length of the head. Praooperculum bilobed and strongly serrated. The thirteenth spine of the dorsal fin much the longest, the caudal fin is oblong. The colour is deep black, with three transverse, pearly bands ; the first arched and covering the posterior part of the head, the second beginning on the ninth, tenth, and eleventh dorsal spines, straight on its posterior edge, but dilated on the anterior below the pectoral fins, the third on the tail ; the edge of the second dorsal, caudal, and anal fins, and the pectorals white. Port Darwin. Genus Premxas, Cuv. All the opercles serrated, the prseorbital terminating in a very strong and long spine posteriorly. Teeth small, conical, in a single series. Dorsal fin with nine or ten spines, anal with two. Scales small ; the lateral line ceases below the end of the dorsal fin. Branchio'stegals five or six ; gills three and a-half, pseudo- branchia) present ; pyloric appendages three. Indian Seas. Australia. 661. Premxas gibbosus, Castelu. Researches on the Pishes of Australia, p. 34. Body oval, compressed, the profile descends abruptly from the back ; the head is rounded and convex above and almost truncate BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 01 in front. The eye is large, its diameter "being about twice and a-lialf in the length of the head ; snout very short ; teeth large, square, truncate ; praeorbital with two spines the upper one long and straight, the other half the length. The operculum has five or six moderate and equal obtuse teeth on the lower edge. Black, with the sides of an olive yellow ; four pearl-coloured cross-bands, bordered with black, one on the posterior part of the head, one towards the middle of the body and two on the tail. Cape York, (Castelnau). Genus Dascyllus, Cuv. Prreoperculum and sometimes the pra)orbital serrated. Teeth small, villiform, in a narrow band, with an outer serier of some- what larger ones. Dorsal fin with twelve or thirteen spines, anal with two. Scales of moderate size, in less than thirty transverse series ; the lateral line ceases below the soft dorsal fin. Branchi- ostegals five ; pseudobranchire ; air-bladder large ; pyloric appendages t\vo or three. Indian and Polynesian Seas. 662. Dascyllus aruanus, L. Gunth., Cat. Fishes IV., 12. Tretradachmum arcuatum, Cant. — Bleek., Atl. Ichth. Pomac, tab. 10, fig. 6. D. 12/12. A. 2/12. L. lat. 26-27. L. transv. 3/9. Csec. pylor. 3. Tert. 12/14. Three black cross-bands : the first descending obliquely from the oi'igin of the spinous dorsal fin through the orbit to the chin, leaving a greyish patch on the forehead ; the second slightly curved, from the sixth to ninth dorsal spines to the ventral fins, which are black ; the third from the soft dorsal to the anal ; dorsal and anal fins black ; caudal whitish. Queensland (Castelnau). 62 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISIIES, 663. Dascyllus fasciatus, Macl. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. II., p. 361, pi. 10, fig. 2. Port Darwin. Genus Heptadecantiius, All. & Macl. Body high., compressed. Prreoperculum and proeorbital finely serrated. Teeth conical, in a single series, with minute teeth between. Dorsal fin with seventeen spines, anal with two. Scales moderate ; the lateral line extends to the commencement of the soft dorsal. Gills three and a-half ; pseudobranchire. Australia. 664. Heptadecantiius longicaudis, All. & Macl. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. I., p. 343, pi. 15, fig. 3. Cape Grenville (Chevert Exp.) Genus Pomacentrus, Cuv. & Val. Prceopcrculum and generally the infraorbital ring serrated ; operculum with one or two small spines. Teeth small, compressed, with the crown entire or slightly emarginate, in a single series. Dorsal fin with twelve or thirteen spines, anal with two. Scales of moderate size, of less than thirty transverse series ; the lateral line ceases below the soft dorsal fin. Branchiostegals five ; pseudobranehia) ; an air-bladder ; pyloric appendages three. All tropical seas ; chiefly Indian and Polynesian. 665. Pomacentrus littoralis, Cuv. & Val. Gunth., Cat. Pishes IV., p. 32.— Bleek., Atl. Ichth. Pomac, tab. 5, fig. 8. D. 12-13/15-13. A. 2/14-15. L. lat. 26-27. L. transv. 3/9. Vert. 11/15. The height of the body is twice and four-fifths in the total length ; prreorbital strongly denticulated with one or two stronger BY V. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 63 teeth, anteriorly ; the dorsal spines increase in length backwards, caudal fin emarginate, with the lobes rounded. Brown, either uniform or with darker spots — one at the base of the pectoral, one at the commencement of the lateral line, and one on the back of the tail behind the dorsal fin. Port Darwin, Endeavour, Palm Islands. C66. PoMACEXTRUS CIIRYSURUS, CllV. & Val. Gunth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 29. D. 13/15 A. 2/15. L. lat. 26. L. transv. 3/10. The height of the body is contained twice and three-fourths in the total length. Snout rather shorter than the eye ; the diameter of which is nearly one-third of the length of the head ; interorbital space slightly convex, as broad as the orbit. Prse- orbital naked, half as broad as the orbit, with a shallow notch anteriorly, and a spinous tooth posteriorly ; scales on the cheek in two series ; the lower prseopercular limb with another series of very small scales; proeoperculum strongly serrated. Teeth narrow. The two last dorsal spines rather longer than the middle ones, three-fifths as long as the head ; the soft, dorsal and anal rounded ; caudal fin emarginate, its length being a little more than one- fifth of the total. Brown : caudal fin yellow, the others blackish, sometimes a round, black spot, edged anteriorly with bluish, near the base of the six last dorsal rays ; an indistinct brown dot superiorly in the axil of the pectoral. No spot at the origin of the lateral line. Darnley Island. 667. Pomacentrtjs scoLorsis, Quoy. & Gaiin. Gunth., Cat. Pishes IV., p. 28. D. 12/10-17. A. 2/13-14. L lat. 27. L. transv. 2/10. Vert. 12/15. The height of the body is two-fifths of the total length ; the prseorbital is serrated. The posterior dorsal spines are scarcely 64 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, longer than the middle ones ; caudal fin slightly emarginate, -with the lobes rounded. Blackish-brown, each scale with a silvery dot ; a curved silvery line round the lower part of the orbit. A black spot on the base of the last three dorsal rays and another superiorly in the axil of the pectoral. Port Darwin. I have several specimens about four inches long. In all of them there are two silvery lines in front of the eye, and a distinct black spot on the upper margin of the operculum. It may prove to be another species. 668. Pomacentrus Bankanensis, Bleek. Gunth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 26. D. 13/14. A. 2/14-15. L. lat. 26-28. L. trans. 3/9. The height of the body is contained twice and two-thirds in the total length ; pneorbital denticulated. The dorsal spines increase in length backwards ; caudal fin sub truncated. Brownish : caudal fin yellow, each scale with a bluish dot ; two bluish lines along the forehead, convergent on the snout, and extending on to the back ; two similar lines through the iris to the maxillary ; a dark blue spot superiorly on the operculum ; a black ocellus edged with white on the base of the ninth, tenth, and eleventh dorsal rays. Port Darwin. 669. Pomacentrus obscurus, All. & Macl. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. I., p. 343, pi. 15, fig. 2. Torres Straits. 670. Pomacentrus bilineatus, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. II., p. 89. D. 13/14. A. 2/14. L. lat. 30. L. transv. 3/9. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 65 Height of body twice and two-thirds in the total length, length of head four times ; diameter of eye twice and a-half in the length of the head. Praeorbital and preeoperculum strongly crenulated ; the dorsal spines increase in length backwards ; the two outer rays of the ventral fins terminate in filaments which extend to the second anal spine. Colour (in spirits) light purple brown ; a narrow blue line runs over each eye, from the mouth to the base of the dorsal fin, these lines unite over the mouth ; several other blue lines, irregular and interrupted, run on the sides of the head ; two or three light blue dots on each scale ; fins yellow, extremity of dorsal rather obscure. Port Darwin. 671. Pomacextrus modesttjs, Casteln. Researches on the Pishes of Australia, p. 35. D. 13/12. A. 2/? L. lat. 18. Height of the body twice and one-third in the length, without the caudal fin; length of head a little over three times in the same ; infraorbital ring entire ; praooperculum strongly serrated, operculum sinuous on its edge ; scales of the body very large and ciliated ; the second anal spine is very long ; the ventrals are elongate, nearly as long as the head ; the inferior profile convex behind the operculum. The colour (in spirits) is brownish red ; the caudal, ventral, and pectoral fins have a yellow tinge. Length two inches. Gulf of Carpentaria. 672. Pojiacentrus Dolii, n. sp., (Plate I., fig. 1.) D. 13/12. A. 3/12. L. lat. 20. Body much more convex on the under side than on the back. The height of the body one-third of the total length, the length of the head one-fifth, the diameter of the eye is greater than the length of the snout, which is short and obtuse, with the cleft of E 66 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISIIES, the mouth very oblique. A single row of incisor teeth in each jaw, the intermaxillary bone is covered with a rather large uniformly broad lip, the maxillary showing largely behind and beneath it. The operculum and preeoperculum completely covered with ctenoid scales, the spines of the former very small, as are also the serrations of the latter. The lateral line is marked on twenty scales. The vertical fins are low and increase slightly backwards, the dorsal commencing above the origin of the pectorals ; the caudal fin is broad and bilobed. The colour (in spirits) is a pale brownish-yellow, with a small black spot at the upper root of the pectoral fins. Port Jackson. Length from three to four inches. Two specimens found in a large Dolium shell. A very curious Fish, which might well be placed a in new genus. Genus Glyphidodon, Gill. Prreoperculum not denticulated. Teeth compressed, in a single series ; the series sometimes composed of alternate teeth. Dorsal fin with twelve or thirteen spines, anal with two. Scales of moderate size, in thirty or less transverse series ; the lateral line ceases below the posterior portion of the dorsal fin. Branehi- ostegals five or six ; pseudobranchiae present ; an air-bladder, pyloric appendages three. Tropical and temperate seas of both hemispheres. Glyphisodon is the name given to this genus by Lacepede and Cuvier. Dr. Gunther has substituted Glyphidodon as being more correct. 673. Glyphidodon ccelestinus, Cuv. & Val. Gunth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 38.— Bleek., Atl. Ichth. Pomac, tab. 9, fig. 5. D 13/13. A.2/12-14. L.lat. 29-30. L. transv. 4/11. Vert. 11/15. The height of the body is one-half or somewhat more of the length, (exclusive of caudal fin). The width of the interorbital BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 67 space equals that of the orbit, in adult specimens rather more ; the breadth of the infraorbital ring below the centre of the eye is one-third of the greatest breadth of the praeorbital. The soft dorsal fin is produced into a point, the fourth and fifth rays being the longest ; caudal fin forked. Body with five blackish cross- bands, which are not broader than the interspaces between them ; the first from before the origin of the spinous dorsal to the base of the pectoral fin ; the second from the fourth, fifth, and sixth dorsal spines towards the middle of the ventral fin ; the third from the tenth, eleventh, and twelfth dorsal spines towards the anal spines ; the fourth from the middle of the anal fin ; the fifth across the middle of the free portion of the tail. Port Darwin (Macl. Mus.) 674. Glypiiidodon Waigiensis, Bleek. Dr. Gunther places this species as a synonym of G. ecehstinus, but with some doubt, as he notices the more elevated form of the body. Count Gastelnau regards it as undoubtedly distinct. The height of the body is three-fifths of the length, (exclusive of the caudal fin). The colour is olive-yellow, with the upper part of the head, the fins and five narrow transverse bands, black. Pectoral fins transparent. Length four inches. Cape York. 675. Glypiiidodon Bankieri, Richards. Gunth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 54. — Bleek., Atl. Ichth. Pomac, tab. 9, fig. 8. D. 13/10-11. A. 2/10-11. L.lat. 26-28. The height of the body is two-fifths of the length, (the caudal fin not included) ; the snout is shorter than the eye ; the width of the infraorbital ring below the orbit is less than one-third of that of the orbit ; each jaw with about forty teeth, the anterior ones short, distinctly compressed. The middle rays of the dorsal 68 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, and anal fins form an angular point ; caudal deeply forked, with the lobes more or less produced into filaments. Violet ; tail and caudal fin orange-coloured ; the scales on the head and tail -with a blue dot, those on the trunk with a transverse streak ; a blue ocellus edged with brown at the origin of the lateral line. Dorsal fin brownish-violet, yellow posteriorly ; anal brownish-yellow ; pectoral with a large brown spot superiorly at the base. Cape G-renville (Chevert Exp.) 676. Glypiiidodon Victoria, Gunth. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1873, Vol. XI., p. 115. — Castelnau, Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. I., p. 146. "Rock Perch" of the Melbourne Fishermen. D. 13/17. A. 2/15. L. lat. 30. L. transv. 4/10. The height of the body is somewhat less than one-half of the length (without the caudal fin). Teeth narrow, not emarginate, twenty-one on each side of the upper jaw. Infraorbital scaly ; the width of the praeorbital is two-thirds of that of the orbit. Five or six series of small scales on the cheek. Vertical fins scaly nearly to their margins. The third and seventh dorsal spines nearly equal, one-half the length of the head. Caudal fin forked. Reddish-violet (in a dried state); fins yellowish ; a broad purplish white stripe round the operculum. Port Phillip. Length eight to ten inches. Ghjpliisodon nigroris, Cuv. and Val. belongs evidently to the vegetable feeding division of the Sjxiridce ; Dr. Gunthor refers it to the genus Jfelambajjhcs, described by him in " Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1863, Vol. XL, p. 115. Genus Parma, Gunth. Pra>operculum not denticulated. Teeth compressed, in a single series. Dorsal fin with twelve or thirteen spines, anal with two. Scales of moderate size, in more than thirty transverse series ; BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 69 the lateral lino ceases below the posterior portion'of the dorsal fin. Pacific Ocean. 677. Parma microlepis, Gunth. Gunth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 57. D. 13/18. A. 2/16. L. lat. 37. L. transv 4/13. The height of the body is two-fifths of the length exclusive of the caudal fin ; teeth very narrow and slender ; prajorbital much narrower than the orbit. The fourth and fifth dorsal spines are the longest, the posterior being shorter than those in the middle ; caudal fin emarginate. Brown, with two blue lines on each side of the back : the upper commences below the spinous dorsal fin, and extends above the orbit to the snout ; the lower from the ocellus above the lateral line to the orbit. A large black ocellus edged with blue on the four posterior dorsal spines ; body with scattered blue dots, the dots forming a series or an uninterrupted line below the orbit ; anal and ventral fins blackish ; a blue spot posteriorly in the axil of the dorsal fin. Port Jackson. 678. Parma squamipinnis, Gunth. Gunth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 58. D. 12-13/15-17. A. 2/15. L. lat. 40. L. transv. 5/14. The height of the body is one-half the length, exclusive of the caudal fin. Snout a little longer than the eye. Teeth narrow, compressed, of moderate length, about fifty in the upper jaw. Praoorbital scaly, rhombic, its width above the angle of the mouth, being two-thirds of that of the orbit. The scales on the upper surface of the head advance nearly to the extremity of the snout ; prreoperculuin covered with small scales, a narrow space round its margins being naked. Scales on the operculum half the size of those on the middle of the body. The fourth to eighth dorsal 70 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN PISHES, spines are the longest, and of moderate strength. The anterior half of the soft dorsal fin is much higher than the spinous, and the posterior part of its upper margin is vertical. Caudal fin deeply forked, with the lobes somewhat pointed, the upper lobe being as long as the head. The second anal spine is as long as, but stronger than the longest dorsal spine ; the basal half of the dorsal, and nearly the whole of the caudal and anal fins are covered with scales. The ventral extends to the anal. Uniform brownish (in a preserved state), with the fins blackish ; posterior margin of the soft dorsal white. The colour during life appears to have been red with golden reflections. Port Jackson. Length six inches. 679. Parma polylepis, Gfunth. Gunth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 59. D. 13/18. A. 2/14. L. lat. 40. L. transv. 5/15. The height of the body is more than one-half of the length exclusive of the caudal fin ; the profile between the dorsal fin and the snout is arched, forming nearly a-quarter of a circle. Snout elevated, a little longer than the eye ; teeth very narrow, compressed, about fifty in the upper jaw. Prreorbital naked, subquaclrangular, nearly as wide as the eye. The scales on the upper surface of the head do not advance to the front margin of the eye ; praooperculum covered with small scales, a narrow space round the margin, naked. Scales on the operculum of about the same size as those on the body. The dorsal spines are of moderate length and strength, increasing in length posteriorly ; they are nearly entirely enveloped in scales ; the soft dorsal is angular, with the posterior partof its upper margin vertical. The second anal spine is as long as, but stronger than the longest of the dorsal fin. Anal and caudal fins scaly. Caudal fin forked, with the lobes rounded, the upper lobe being as long as the head. Tho ventral fin extends to the anal. Colour apparently greenish, with tho fins and snout blackish, and two broad brown cross-bands, BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S 71 one below the middle of the spinous dorsal hn, the other between the soft dorsal and anal. Norfolk Island. Genus Heliastes, Gunth. Prreoperculum not denticulated. Teeth small, conical, in a narrow band, or irregular series. Dorsal fin with twelve to fourteen spines, anal with two. Scales of moderate size ; the lateral line ceases below the posterior portion of the dorsal fin. Branchiostegals five ; pseudobranchirc ; pyloric appendages two. Tropical and temperate Seas. 680. Heliastes iiypsilepis, Gunth. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1867, Vol. XX., p. 66. D. 13/14. A. 2/13-14. L. lat. 29. The height of the body is a little less than one-half the length exclusive of the caudal fin. The scales on the sides are twice as deep as long ; the soft dorsal and anal fins are pointed ; the caudal is deeply forked, and the second anal spine is longer and stronger than those of the dorsal. Yellowish (in spirits) with a white spot below the end of the soft dorsal fin, and with the upper half of the base of the pectorals black. Port Jackson. Family II. LABKIDiE. Body oblong or elongate, covered with cycloid scales. The lateral line extends to the caudal fin, or is interrupted. One dorsal fin, with the spinous portion as well developed as, or more than, the soft ; the soft dorsal similar to the anal. Yentral fins thoracic, with one spine and five soft rays. Palate without teeth ; only one lower pharyngeal bone without median suture. Branchi- ostegals five or six ; gills three and a-half ; pseudobranchia3 and air-bladder. Pyloric appendages none ; stomach without cajcal sac. 72 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN PISHES, Genus Cilerops, Biipp. Body compressed, oblong, covered with rather large scales ; snout obtuse ; cheeks high, with very small scales which are generally not imbricate ; operculum scaly. Each jaw anteriorly with four strong canine teeth, the lateral teeth being more or less confluent into an obtuse osseous ridge. Dorsal spines thirteen, anal three. Lateral line not interrupted. Indian and Australian seas. 681. Ch/Erops macrodon, Bleek. G-unth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 94.— Bleek., Atl. Ichth. Labr., tab. 47., fig. 1. D. 13/7. A. 3/9. L. lat. 32. A posterior canine tooth. Serrature of the prreoperculum minute in young specimens, and lost with age. Head obtuse, with the forehead elevated, its length being two-sevenths of the total. Scales on the cheek subimbricated. Ground colour of the head and of the back darker than that of the posterior and inferior parts and dotted with red ; a more or less distinct white blotch below the lateral line, covered by the hinder third of the pectoral fin. Dorsal fin blue, with orange-coloured spots along the base, and with two bands of the same colour along the middle ; anal blue, reticulated with orange ; caudal greenish ; pectoral yellow, dark blue at base. North Coast of Australia. 682. Cu/EROPS ommopterus, Bichards. Gunth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 94. Chccrojis Schonlcinii, Bleek., Atl. Ichth. Labr., tab. 46, fig. 3. D. 13/7. A. 3/10. L. lat. 29. L. trans. 4/12. No posterior canine tooth. Serrature of the prajoj^erculum very distinct. Head obtuse, as high as long ; prasorbital very high ; scales on the cheek not imbricate. Green, each scale BY W. MA.Cr.KAY, F.L.S. 73 with a blue spot in the centre ; an oblique, blue band from the angle of the mouth to the interoperculum ; a blue streak round the gill-opening ; dorsal fin with a series of blue spots along the middle and with a round, black spot on and before the last spine ; anal fin with a blue streak along the base, two series of blue spots and a purple margin ; corners of the caudal fin purplish. Cape York. Port Darwin. 683. Cil"eiiops notatus, All. & Macl. Proc. Linn. Soc. M.S. Wales, Vol. I., p. 344, pi. 1G, fig. 1. Capo Grenville (Chevert Exp.) 684. Chjerops cyanodox, Eichards. Voy. Erebus and Terror, Fishes, p. 131, pi. 55, fig. 5-7. — Gunth., Cat. IY., p. 96. D. 13/7. A. 3/10. L. lat. 30. L. transv. 3/10. No posterior canine tooth. Pra3operculum not serrated. Head obtuse, as high as long ; prrcorbital very high ; scales on the cheek not imbricate. Back crossed by three or four dark bands, separated by shining silvery interspaces ; dorsal and anal fins with yellow longitudinal lines ; caudal greyish, with small round transparent spots, and with an intramarginal line ; pectoral with a blackish upper margin. The dark cross-bands are sometimes indistinct. Western Australia, Port Essington, and Cape York. 685. Cuterops kubescexs, Guntk. Gunth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 97. D. 13/7. A. 3/10. L. lat. 30. L. transv. 4/12. No posterior canine tooth. Serrature of the pra30perculum very distinct. Uniform reddish. West Coast of Australia. 74 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, 686. Cilerops crassus, Casteln. Researches on the Fishes of Australia, p. 39. D. 13/12. A. 3/13. No posterior canine tooth. Praeoperculum not serrated. Scales on the cheeks imbricate, in five series ; body short and thick ; the extremities of the dorsal and anal fins rather prolonged ; caudal fin truncate. Coloration (in a preserved state) dark bluish purple on the upper parts, white or yellow beneath, sometimes a dark narrow submarginal line on the dorsal fin. Dampier's Archipelago. Length one foot. Salted and used as food by the pearl fishers. 687. Chterops cephalotes, Casteln. Eesearches on the Fishes of Australia, p. 39. D. 14/7. A. 3/10. L. lat. 30. Head one-third of the length of the fish, (exclusive of caudal fin), and nearly as high as long ; forehead prominent and very convex ; snout very obtuse and convex ; head covered with small tubercles formed by scales buried in the skin ; operculum with large scales ; canine teeth very large ; no posterior canine. Eye one-sixth of the length of the head. Dorsal and anal fins pointed behind ; caudal rounded. Coloration above purple, beneath yellow or white ; the cheeks and operculum covered with small white spots ; the spinous dorsal has an obscure band on its base ; the anal and caudal are dotted with white, the other fins greyish. Preeoperculum without serrature. Cape York. Cape Grenville. Length thirteen inches. Grenus XymocniLus, Bleek. Body oblong, covered with large scales. Head scaly, nearly as high as long ; snout obtuse ; both limbs of the praeoperculum naked. Lateral line continuous. Fins not scaly at the base ; BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 75 dorsal spines eleven or twelve ; anal, three. The upper lip is thin, sword-shaped and can be nearly entirely hidden beneath the prceorbital. Both jaws anteriorly with four canine teeth ; the lateral teeth united into an osseous ridge ; a posterior canine tooth. Six branchiostegals. Indian Ocean and Archipelago. 688. XyruocniLUS fasciatus, Gunth. Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1867, p. 101, pi. 10. D. 12/8. A. 3/10. L. lat. 29. L. transv. 4/10. The height of the body is one-third of the total length ; the length of tho head nearly one-fourth. Head rather longer than high, compressed, the width of the interorbital space (which is flat) being equal to the diameter of the eye. Eye immediately below the upper profile, in the middle of the length of the head. Anterior and posterior canine teeth greenish-blue. Scales on the cheek in six series. Opercular membrane of moderate extent. Pectoral fin without a notch behind, nearly as long as the head, extending to the vent. Caudal fin truncate. The head and upper part of the body seems to have been reddish-orange, the hinder and lower parts greenish. Head and body with bluish- ashy cross-bands edged with violet : two narrow in front of the eyes, one broad, between the eyes, one from the eye to the mouth and round the chin, one from the nape to the throat and five on the body. Dorsal fin orange with the base and tips violet ; anal and ventral similar; pectoral and caudal orange-coloured. Length eight inches. Cape York. Genus Trochocopus, Gunth. Body oblong, covered with rather small scales ; head scaly, as long as, or longer, than high, with the snout of moderate extent ; both limbs of the prseoperculurn naked and without serrature. 76 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, .Lateral line continuous. Base of the soft dorsal not scaly. Both jaws with four canine teeth anteriorly ; lateral teeth distinct ; a posterior canine tooth. Indian and Australian Seas. 689. Trociiocopus uxicolor, Gunth. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1876, Vol. XVII., p. 398. D. 11/11. A. 3/11. L. lat. 45. Eight longitudinal series of scales between the lateral line and spinous dorsal fin. Snout rather obtuse ; the small eye nearly in the middle of the length of the head. The height of the body is little more than the length of the head, and one-third of the total length, exclusive of the caudal fin. The membrane behind each dorsal spine deeply excised. Dorsal spines short and stout. Coloration uniform brownish black. Port Jackson. (Darnel.) 690. Trociiocopus rufus, Macl. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. III., p. 35, pl.5, fig. 3. King George's Sound. Genus Cossyphus, Gunth. Body compressed, oblong, with scales of moderate size ; snout more or less pointed ; imbricate scales on the cheeks and opercles ; vertical fins scaly on their basal portion. Lateral line not interrupted. Teeth in the jaws in a single series ; four canine teeth in each -jaw anteriorly ; generally a posterior canine tooth. Formula of fins D. 11-12-13/9-11. A. 3/10-12-14. Tropical and semitropical seas. 691. CossYnius vulpinus, Eichards. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1851, Vol. VIE, p. 287. Br. 4. D. 12/11. A. 3/12. C. 14. 2/2. P. 1G. V. 1/5. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. The height of the body is one-fourth of the total length, and about equal to the length of the head. The profile rises in a concave line at an angle of 30° from the acute snout to above the back of the orbit, from that to the commencement of the dorsal fin the profile almost horizontal. The lateral teeth are widely set, six on each upper jaw and fourteen on each lower. The pra> orbital and lower jaw are without scales ; the posterior line of the praeoperculum is finely serrated ; there are six rows of scales on the cheek and on the interoperculum, those on the disk of the praeoperculum are smaller than these, and those on the operculum and suboperculum larger. L. lat. 30. The first dorsal spine stands over the axil of the ventrals, and the ventral spine beneath the base of the lowest pectoral ray. The soft parts of the dorsal and anal fins are somewhat peaked and rise above the spines. The angles of the caudal project a little beyond the straight inter- mediate border. Colour uniform, faded. Australia. Length sixteen inches. The above is a curtailed description of this Fish as given by Sir John Richardson. It seems to resemble very closely the next species. 692. COSSYPHUS UXIMACULATTJS, Guiltll. Gunth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 109. "Pig Fish " of Sydney Fishermen. D. 12/11. A. 3/12. L. lat. 36. L. trans. 6/12. Snout pointed, its length being more than one-third of the head ; head longer than high ; praeoperculum minutely serrated,'; pectoral fin obliquely rounded, more than half the length of the head ; the ventral longer, the first ray produced. The dorsal fin increases gradually in height from the first spine to the seventh soft ray, the last spine is twice as long as the first and equal to the ventral spine. The anal spines are exceedingly strong, the third longest, nearly as long as the twelfth dorsal spine ; the longest ray of the 78 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISIIES, anal is shorter than the base of the fin. Caudal fin emarginate with the lobes produced. Colour uniform red, with an oblong- deep black spot at the base of the sixth and eighth dorsal spines, and a small black speck on the fifth and ninth. Port Jackson. 693. Cossyipius Gouldii, Richards. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1851, Vol. VII., p. 288.— Gunth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 111. 11 Blue Gropcr" of Sydney Fishermen. D. 11/11. A. 3/11. L. lat. 39. L. transv. 6/14. No posterior canine teeth. Upper profile of head bent down- wards in a regular curve ; prreorbital elevated ; scales on the cheek not imbricate ; prasoperculum not serrated ; dorsal fin scaly; caudal truncated. Colour uniform dark purple. Western Australia. Port Jackson. This species should be placed in another genus. It is a very large fish, attaining a length of from three to four feet. Genus Labriciitiiys, Bleek. Body compressed, oblong, covered with large scales ; snout more or less pointed. Opercles scaly ; cheeks more or less seal}- ; prreoperculum not serrated ; lateral line continuous. Teeth in the jaws in a single series ; sometimes an interior series of smaller teeth to replace the others. Posterior canine tooth generally present. Formula of the fins D. 9/11. A. 3/10. Pacific and Indian Archipelago. 694. Labriciitiiys celidota, Forst. Gunth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 113. — Richards., Voy. Erebus and Terror, p. 53, pi. 31, f. 1-5. D. 9/11. A. 3/10. L. lat. 27. L. trans v. 3/9. Vert. 10/13. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 79 A posterior canine tooth, (absent in young specimens). Beddish olive (in spirits), with some irregular cloudy spots, several forming indistinct cross-bands ; a large round brown patch on the lateral line, below the origin of the soft dorsal fin ; two brown streaks radiate from the orbit to the shoulder and to the operculum, another across the pra3orbital. Anal fin with two brown spots near the base. Cheeks with several series of scales, base of dorsal fin not scaly. Port Essington. Botany Bay ? 695. Labrichthys bothryocosmus, Eichards. Voy. Erebus and Terror, p. 53, pi. 31, f. 6-10.— Gnmth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 114. D. 9/11. A. 3/10. L. lat. 27. E. transv. 3/9. A posterior canine tooth. Eeddish or greenish-olive (in spirits); a cluster of black spots between the lateral line and the hind part of the spinous dorsal fin. Infraorbital ring with a bluish streak. Dorsal and anal fins with a dark longitudinal band. Dorsal fin not scaly ; cheek with several series of scales. South Australia. Tasmania. 696. Labeichthys psittacula, Eichards. Toy. Erebus and Terror, p. 129, pi. 56, f. 7-10.— Gunth., Cat. EishesIV., p. 114. D. 9/11. A. 3/10. L. lat. 27. L. transv. 3/9. Vert. 9/16. A posterior canine tooth. Two anterior canines in each jaw ; cheek entirely scaly below the eye, the scales arranged in four series. Uniform hyacinth-red ; the soft dorsal and anal fins with five or six series of yellow spots ; a few streaks behind the angle of the mouth. Tasmania. 80 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, 697. Labriciitiiys inscripta, Richards. Voy. Erebus and Terror, p. 134, pi. 56, f. 1-2.— Gunth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 115. D. 9/11. A. 3/10. L.lat.25-27. L. transv. 3/9. A posterior canine tooth. The anterior pair of mandibulary teeth long, subhorizontal. Cheek with five to seven series of small scales. Dark brown, with a pale mark on each scale, bearing some resemblance to the characters of the Persian alphabet. Some dark marks on the cheek and prreoperculum, and one on the base of the pectoral fin ; the membrane connecting the three first dorsal spines is blackish, sometimes with pale specks. Anal fin uniform, or with many pale specks. Norfolk Island. 698. Labriciitiiys laticlavius, Eichards. Toy. Erebus and Terror, p. 128, pi. 56, f. 3-6.— Gunth., Cat. Fishes 17., p. 115. D. 9/11. A. 3/10. L. lat. 26. L. transv. 3/9. Vert. 9/16. A posterior canine tooth. Two anterior canine teeth in each jaw. Caudal fin rounded. Green, with two red (blackish in spirits) longitudinal bands, which are confluent on the side of the tail ; another, rather indistinct and interrupted, along the lower side of the tail. Dorsal and caudal fins purplish, edged with vermilion and blue, and spotted posteriorly with round blue spots. The anal fin has along the base a narrow vermilion stripe, then a broad yellow one, edged above and below with blue, and lastly a band of purple, spotted thickly with blue and edged with the same. Tasmania. King George's Sound. Port Jackson. 699. Labriciitiiys luculenta, Richards. Voy. Erebus and Terror, p. 130.— Gunth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 116. D. 9/11. A. 3/10. L. lat. 25. L. transv. 3/7. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 81 A posterior canine tooth. The interopercles overlapping each other. Four anterior canine teeth in the lower jaw, two in the upper ; cheek with ahout six series of small scales. Greenish or reddish, each scale below the lateral line with a vertical silvery line ; a black spot on the two first dorsal spines ; sometimes two irregular brown lines along the snout, and two blackish spots on the base of the soft dorsal fin. Scales of the back extending on to the base of the dorsal fin. East and West Coast of Australia. Norfolk Island. 700. Labiuchthys tetbica, Eichards. Voy. Erebus and Terror, p. 126, pi. 55, f. 1. — Gunth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 116. D. 9/11. A. 3/10. L. lat. 27. L. transv. 3/9. A posterior canine tooth. Two anterior canine teeth in each jaw ; cheek with only two series of narrow scales, a large portion of it being naked. Uniform purplish-red : vertical fins dark at the base, whitish towards the margins, and black at the tips ; pectorals with a black spot superiorly at base. Tasmania, South Australia, and King George's Sound. 701. Labiuchthys paeila, Richards. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1851, Vol. VII., p. 286.— Gunth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 117. D. 9/11. A. 3/10. L. lat. 27. L. transv. 3/10. No posterior canine tooth. Two anterior canine teeth in each jaw ; cheek with only one (indistinct) series of scales, the greater part of it being naked. Greenish, irregularly spotted and dotted with brown, the spot on the anterior dorsal spines being darker than the others. West Australia (Richardson). Port Jackson (Castelnau, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. III., p. 389.) F 82 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, 702. Labrichthys gymxogenis, Gunth. Gunth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 117. — Castelnau, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. III., p. 389. D. 9/11. A. 3/10. L. lat. 25. L. transv. 3/10. A posterior canine tooth. Cheek nearly naked, only a single series of small scales descending from behind the eye to below the infraorbital ring. Greenish (in a dried state), in life purplish brown, with more or less numerous whitish-red spots, anal fin with a dark longitudinal band ; vertical fins with a narrow dark edge. Port Jackson. 703. Labrichthys punctulata, Gunth. Gunth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 118. D. 9/11. A. 3/10. L. lat. 27. L. transv. 3/10. A posterior canine tooth. Cheek nearly naked, some rudimentary scales being situated near the limb of the prse- operculum. Yellowish-olive (in a dried state) with numerous bluish dots ; they are edged with brownish on the middle of the length of the fish, and entirely brownish posteriorly on the tail. West Australia. 704. Labrichthys Guntheri, Bleek. Gunth., Cat. Fishes, app. Vol. IV., p. 507. D. 9/11. A. 3/10. L. lat. 26-27. A posterior canine tooth ; jaws with four canine teeth anteriorly. Cheek with four series of scales ; tubules of the lateral lino branched ; the scaly sheath of the dorsal and anal fins low. Caudal fin convex, with the lobes not produced. Pose-coloured olive, with six or seven indistinct brown cross-bands ; six brown streaks radiate from the eye ; a deep blue spot between the first and third dorsal spines and at the root of the pectoral fin superiorly; BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 83 a blue band along the middle of the dorsal and anal fins ; a brownish band across the middle of the caudal fin. Australia (Bleeker). 705. Labriciithys Bleekeri, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. I., p. 148. D. 9/11. A. 3/10. L. lat. 25. L. transv. 3/7. Two posterior canine teeth ; two anterior canines in each jaw, the lateral teeth decreasing in size backwards with an inner series of smaller and blunter teeth. The opercles are scaly, there are two series of scales on the cheeks, and the whole head is rough and covered with irregular lines which radiate from the orbit. The height of the body is three times and one-third in the total length ; the length of the head four times ; eye four times and one-third in the length of the head ; the dorsal scales do not extend on the base of the fin ; caudal fin rounded, of thirteen long rays ; pectorals large. Greenish above, dark blue beneath ; a broad black band from the eye to the operculum ; cheeks covered with small white spots ; throat purple, spotted with white ; the scales of the body bordered with carmine. "Fins green : the spinous dorsal with a red tinge, the soft spotted with purple and bordered with red ; the caudal is orange, spotted with carmine; the anal has three series of large, round carmine spots ; the ventrals are pink ; the pectorals yellow. Port Phillip. Length ten to twelve inches. 706. Labriciithys Eichardsoxii, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. I., p. 150. D. 9/11. A. 3/11. L. lat. 26. A posterior canine tooth ; the other teeth as in the last species . Three series of scales on the cheek ; the surface of the head very rough ; the dorsal scales do not extend on the base of the fin. Colour light bluish-green, with a black spot on the extrmeity of 84 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISIIES, the operculum, and two broad transverse "bands on the body, one from the third or fourth dorsal spine, the other behind ; a few dark spots on the fifth, sixth, and seventh dorsal spines ; caudal fin with a posterior orange margin. Port Phillip. Length fourteen inches. 707. Labriciithys ephippium, Gunth. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist , 1863, Vol. XI., p. 116. Lahrichthjs vestita, Casteln., Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. I., p. 151. D. 9/11. A. 3/10. L. lat. 27. L. transv. 3/10. A posterior [canine tooth. Cheek with three series of very small scales. Base of dorsal fin not scaly. Each tube of the scales of the lateral line with numerous branches. Coloration in a dried specimen : back violet-olive to the end of the spinous dorsal fin ; head, belly, and tail reddish, the latter with a broad violet-olive band between the posterior halves of the soft dorsal and anal fins. A blackish spot behind the operculum ; the pectoral, ventral, caudal, and spinous dorsal fins reddish or yellowish ; the first with a black spot superiorly in the axil ; the soft dorsal and the anal blackish-violet. Port Phillip. Length seventeen inches. This is not Labrus ephippium of Cuv. and Val., as Dr. G-unther seems to think. 708. Labrichthys Cuvieri, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc. Victoria, Vol. II., p. 53. D. 9/11. A. 3/10. L. lat. 27. No posterior canine teeth ; a well formed inner series of teeth in the upper jaw. Profile of head not very convex ; head rugose ; cheeks with a narrow band formed of two series of scales ; no scales on base of dorsal fin. Colour greenish, with two broad red transverse bands, the second nearly covering the posterior BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 85 half of the body. The pectoral fins are of a brilliant orange yellow ; the spinous dorsal is of the same colour, and the soft is dark and almost Hack ; the caudal olive. Hobart Town. 709. Labrichtiiys Bostockii, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc. Victoria, Vol. II., p. 53. D. 9/11. A. 3/10. L. lat. 25. Like L. tetricus. A small posterior canine tooth ; two large anterior ones in each jaw ; cheeks with two series of indistinct scales ; head covered with minute tubercles ; caudal fin truncate, the upper ray longer than the others ; the dorsal and anal prolonged posteriorly ; the arbuscles of the lateral line more complicated than in tetricus. Colour (in spirits) is dark purplish red ; the fins are lighter ; the base of the dorsal black. West Australia. Length seven and a-half inches. 710. Labrichtiiys edelexsis, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. II., p. 137. Allied to L . imnctulata ; scales of the operculum as large as those of the body ; prreoperculum almost naked, with one line of scales ; the arbuscles of the lateral line are much ramified and cover the scales ; no scales on the base of the dorsal fin ; a posterior canine tooth ; body more convex than in most of the genus, with the scales covered with strong transverse stride. Colour uniform brown, with the fins yellow ; no spots. Western Australia. Length eight inches. 711. Labriciithys uxicolor, Casteln. Researches on the Pishes of Australia, p. 37. " The upper profile very little curved, cheeks without scales, covered like the head with very strong granulations ; operculum with three series of large scales ; one posterior canine tooth, and 86 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, two others in front of each jaw ; scales of the body covered with strong longitudinal stripe ; those of the lateral line having a large fan-like arbuscule which covers the greatest part of them and presents no transverse reticulation ; caudal truncated ; colour of a dark brown rubyish tint." (Castelnau.) West Australia. Length eight inches. 712. Labriciithys rubra, Casteln. Researches on the Fishes of Australia, p. 37. " Cheeks covered with strong granulations, but without scales ; one posterior canine tooth ; two anterior ones in each jaw ; caudal fin slightly rounded ; no scales on base of dorsal ; scales of lateral line covered by very large arbuscules, formed of a fan-like series of concentric lines ; these do not extend to the base of the scale, which is covered with strong granulations ; lips very long, the upper one when extended, covering entirely the teeth. The general colour (in spirit specimens) is of a fine brick-red ; on the lower parts of the body the centre of the scales is of a silvery white; the eye is surrounded by indistinct and concentric obscure lines, and numerous spots of similar hue are seen on the head and back ; in some specimens these form indistinct transverse bands, four or five in number ; the dorsal fin is scarlet, with rounded dark spots ; the caudal has a yellow tinge ; the anal red, with the rays marked with white spots, sometimes intermixed with black ones ; the pectorals of a beautiful orauge ; none of the fins have a coloured margin." (Castelnau.) Swan River. Length eight inches. 713. Labriciithys convexa, Casteln. Researches on the Fishes of Australia, p. 38. Body elevated behind the head, the upper profile very convex. No posterior canine tooth ; two strong canines in front of each jaw, the other teeth long and sharp ; cheeks with four series of BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S 87 very large scales, the two external very strongly granulated ; operculum scaly ; scales of the body very large, with strong longitudinal strife, and other much finer transverse ones ; scales of tail more elongate ; arbuscules of the lateral line very large, expanded, and intricate. Colour purplish, beneath lighter. Swan Eiver. Length seven inches. 714. Labrichtiiys nigromarginata, Macl. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. III., p. 35, pi. 3, fig. 3. Port Jackson. 715. Labrichthys fucicola, Eichards. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1840, p. 26.— Voy. Erebus and Terror, p. 127, pi. 54, figs. 1-2. B. 6. D. 9/11. A. 3/10. C. 14. P. 13. V. 1/5. Like L. tetricus. Bones of the head less uneven ; some small scales are scattered among the larger ones on the operculum ; the cheek has four rows of small scales near the angle of the mouth, towards the temples three rows. L. lat. 27. Teeth larger than in tetricus ; the canine tooth at the angle of the jaw curved ; the caudal fin is rounded, the anal somewhat arched ; the soft dorsal is a little higher anteriorly than posteriorly. Colour dark plum- purple, towards the belly buff, with four pale spots on the back ; one on the the suprascapular, another near the eighth spine of the dorsal fin, and the other two at the base of the soft dorsal. Some faint curved lines are traceable about the cheek and nose ; a dark bar crosses the pectoral fin at a-third of its length, and at its base there is a black spot. Length fourteen inches. Tasmania and South Australia. 716. Labrichtiiys dorsalis, n. sp. D. 9/11. A. 3/10. L. lat. 25. L. transv. 3/8. 88 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, Body much, compressed ; snout rather pointed, its length from the eye equal to two diameters of the orbit ; posterior canine teeth very small; anterior — two in the upper jaw and four in the lower, the two middle ones received between those of the upper jaw. Head rugose ; four series of scales on the cheek below the eye, reduced to two series of larger scales behind the eye ; scales on the operculum large ; those on the body larger, with many radiating strise ; tubes of lateral line long, with two branchlets at the extremity on the body, and without branchlets towards the tail ; caudal fin subtruncate ; dorsal scales extending on to base of dorsal fin. Colour (in spirits) uniform dull reddish-brown, with the outer half of the fins much paler ; a black blotch between the second and third dorsal spines. Port Jackson. Length seven inches. 717. Labriciithys labiosa, n. sp., (Plate I., fig. 2. D. 9/11. A. 2/10. L. lat. 25. Oblong, the length of the body about one-fourth of the total length. Snout rather short ; lips fleshy ; mouth protractile ; a posterior canine tooth, the others strong and conical, the anterior pair in each jaw longer ; three series of scales on the cheek ; scales of the lateral line with the tubes six-branched ; caudal fin truncate, with the angles rounded, and the rays clothed with elongate scales to near the apex. Spines and raj^s of the dorsal and anal fins soft, and enveloped in a dense membrane without scales. Colour (in spirits) yellowish, with a more or less distinct brown stripe from the eye to the tail and another (broader) from the operculum to the tail, there are also some indistinct cross- bands on the body. The dorsal fin has a blackish blotch near its commencement and a series of round black spots along its base. Port Jackson. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 89 718. Labbichthys maculata, n. sp. Height of body one-fourth of the total length, snout little longer than the diameter of the eye ; teeth acute, the two anterior of the lower jaw received between the anterior two of the upper. Head rugose ; two series of scales on the cheek ; scales of the lateral line twenty-five, the tubes divided at their extremity into three or four branchlets until near the tail ; scales extending on the dorsal and caudal fins. Colour (in spirits) reddish-brown, with a distinct black spot on each scale on the operculum and upper part of the body : the spots becoming smaller below the middle, and disappearing towards the belly. A large black blotch across the upper part of the tail behind the dorsal fin ; the anal fin is margined with black. King George's Sound. Length four inches. 719. Labbichthys melanuba, n. sp. Height of body about a-third of the total length ; snout rather pointed ; eye small ; a strong posterior canine tooth ; anterior ones moderate ; five series of scales on the cheek below the eye ; scales on the operculum as large as those on the body. L. lat. 26 ; the under profile of the body more convex than the upper ; scales extending a little on the dorsal fin, and for quite one-third on the caudal ; the latter is truncate. Colour (in spirits) yellowish, with a brownish centre to every scale, darkest above the lateral line ; three parallel dark streaks extend from the hinder part of the orbit to the end of the operculum ; a small black spot on the upper part of the root of the pectoral fin ; a broad brownish band occupies the second third of the caudal ; a faint trace of a dark bank on the dorsal and anal fins, and a dark spot on the second and third spine of the former. Port Jackson. Length six inches. 720. Labbichthys bubicunda, n. sp. D. 9/11. A. 3/10. L. lat. 25. 90 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, Height of body about one-fourth of the total length ; head slightly convex and swollen looking between and in front of the eyes ; lips large ; teeth strong and acute, two posterior canines on each side, numerous small asperities on the head ; four series of small scales on the cheeks under the eyes ; tubules of the lateral line much branched with long foot stalks ; caudal fin sub- truncate, the lobes very slightly produced. Colour (in spirits) yellowish-red, with the basal portion of all the scales of a brilliant pinkish-red, with the appearance of a few paler or pearly longi- tudinal stripes ; the fins are paler ; a deep bluish-black patch on the back at the base of the three last dorsal rays, and a trace of another spot behind it on the free part of the tail. Length nine inches. King George's Sound. Genus Toeresia, Castelnau. Body compressed, oblong, covered with large scales ; cheek and operclos scaly ; prasoperculum serrated ; dorsal fin with thirteen spines. Australia. 721. Torresia australis, Casteln. Eesearches on the Fishes of Australia, p. 36. D. 13/7. A. 3/10. L. lat. 28. Convex profile ; height of body twice and two-thirds of the length (exclusive of caudal fin); and about equal to the length of the head ; the diameter of the eye is one-fourth of the length of the head ; teeth equal, of moderate size, and in a single series ; four canines in the upper jaw and six in the lower ; the two front ones of the upper jaw much the largest ; no posterior canine teeth. Colour olive-green ; head with throe abbreviated, longitudinal blue stripes, bordered with black ; a large round black blotch on BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 91 the back at the end of the spinous dorsal fin. Length four and a-half inches. Cape York. Genus Ciieilinus, Lacep. Body compressed, oblong, covered with large scales ; lateral line interrupted ; cheeks with two series of large scales ; prae- operculum entire ; teeth in a single series, two canines in each jaw, not bent outwards ; no posterior canine tooth ; lower jaw not produced backwards. Dorsal spines sub-equal in length; the third anal spine longest. Tropical seas of India, China, and Polynesia. 722. Cheilinus oxyrhynciius, Bleek. Atl. Ichth.tab.28,f. 2.— Gunth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 133.— Casteln. Eesearches on the Fishes Australia, p. 40. D. 9/10. A. 3/8. L. lat. 23. The height of the body is less than the length of the head, and a little more than one-fourth of the total length ; the depth of the head is contained once and three-fifths in its length ; snout produced, conical, with the jaws ecpial ; tubules of the lateral line simple. Caudal fin rounded. Yellowish-olive (in spirits); snout without markings ; reticulated brown lines on the hinder half of the head, on the body, and on the soft portions of the vertical fins ; suboperculum crossed by several brown lines ; two irregular blackish blotches on the tail ; dorsal fin with a blackish spot between the first and second spines. Cape York. Length eleven inches. 723. Cheilinus ciilorurus, Bl. Gunth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 32.— Bleek., Atl. Ichth., tab. 27, f. 3. Cheilinus guttatus, Bleek., Casteln., Ees. Fishes Aust. p. 40. D. 10/9. A. 3/8. L. lat 22. 92 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, The height of the body is a little more more than one-third of the total length ; snout subconieal ; canine teeth of moderate size. Caudal fin rounded, with the lobes slightly produced in adult specimens. Tubules of the lateral line moderately branched. Greenish-brown : head with round yellow spots, body with series of smaller dots. The spinous dorsal fin brownish, with red margin, and black dots on the spines ; the soft dorsal red ; anal and ventral ivith numerous, very small yellow dots; caudal green, yellow spotted. Cape York. Length eight inches. 724. Ciieilinus aurantiacus, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. II., p. 70. D. 9/11. A. 3/10. L, lat. 23. L. transv. 3/7. Body rather elongate and compressed, the height three times and three-quarters in the total length ; head four times and one- third in the same ; eye four times in the length of the head. Head rather concave ; two rows of scales on the cheek ; radiant and reticulated round the eye and prreoperculum ; canine teeth rather long ; snout pointed, not longer than the eye ; the lower jaw longer than the upper ; caudal fin large, formed of four long and five or six shorter rays. Colour (in spirits) orange with the back carmine ; the dorsal and anal fins yellow, Avith a broad external black band and a series of feeble, obscure spots near the body ; the space between the first and second dorsal spines is black, and the sides of the caudal fin are obscure, there are also traces of brown spots on the back, and on the head round the eyes ; the ventral fins have their first half orange, the other black ; the pectorals are entirely of a fine reddish-orange. South Australia (Castelnau). Genus Ciieilolabrus, All. & Macl. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. I., p. 315. North-oast Australia. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 93 725. Cheilolabrus magnilabris, All. & Macl. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. I., p. 345, pi. 16, fig. 2. Darnley Island (Chevert Exp.) Genus Hemigymnus, Gunth. Body compresseed, oblong, with scales of moderate size ; cheek rather high. Opercles naked, cheek with a stripe of very small scales ; pra3operculum not serrated ; lateral line continuous. Teeth in the jaws in a single series, two canines in each jaw anteriorly, the lower pair received between those of the upper; generally a posterior canine. From the Eed Sea to the North Coast of Australia. 726. Hemigymnus melanobterus, Bleek. Atl. Ichth. Lab., tab. 45, f. 2-3.— Gunth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 139. Tautogamelapterus, Richards., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1843, XL, p. 358. D. 9/11. A. 3/11. L. lat. 29. L. transv. 5/14. A posterior canine tooth, hidden by the skin. Lips very thick, with folds ; the lower lip notched anteriorly, each lateral part pendent, like a wattle. Cheek with a band of small scales. Back and sides, between the vertical fins, brownish, abdomen and thoracic region yellowish ; a blackish blotch behind the orbit ; dorsal and anal fins with a light margin and with a bluish intra- marginal band, edged with darker. Port Essington. Endeavour Reef. 727. Hemigymnus Bleasdalii, Casteln. Eesearches on the Fishes of Australia, p. 38. D. 9/10. A. 3/10. L. lat. 24. A short posterior canine tooth ; the head and cheeks are rough but without scales ; the height of the body is one-third of the 91 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, length ; the caudal fin not included ; the tubules on the lateral line are much branched, nearly covering the whole scale ; caudal fin rounded. General colour green, with numerous crimson spots on the body, but not on the head ; the opercle is whitish ; the lower parts are pink, with a large rounded silvery spot on each scale ; the dorsal fin is red with the spines spotted with brown, the soft portion has its external half green ; caudal green ; anal similar to soft dorsal ; ventrals white ; pectorals of the same colour, with the outer half pink. South Australia. Genus Stetiiojulis, Gunth. Body compressed, oblong, covered with scales of moderate size ; head entirely naked ; lateral line not interrupted ; scales on the thorax as large as, or larger than, those on the side of the body. A posterior canine tooth. Dorsal spines nine. Indian and Pacific Seas. 728. Stetiiojulis strigiventer, Benn. Gunth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 140.— Bleek., Atl. Ichth. Lab., tab. 43, fig. 1. D. 9/11. A. 2/11. L. lat. 26. L. trans. 2/9. The height of the body is one-fourth of the total length, the length of the head two-sevenths ; caudal fin rounded ; ventral rather short. Greenish : lower parts of the sides with several yelloio longitudinal lines and with some black dots ; a brownish band from the mouth below the eye to the operculum ; a black dot at the base of the penultimate dorsal ray ; sometimes a small black spot on the base of the caudal fin. Low Island (Chevert Exp.) Genus Platyglossus, Bleek. Body compressed, oblong, covered with scales of moderate size (L. lat. 30. or less) ; head naked ; lateral line not interrupted ; BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 95 scales on the thorax smaller than those on the body. A posterior canine tooth ; none of the anterior canine teeth are bent outwards and backwards. Dorsal spines nine. Tropical Seas. 729. Platyglossus Dussumieri, Cuv. & Val. Gunth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 113. llalielwrcs nigrescens, Bleek., Atl. Ichth. Labr., p. 118, tab. 37, f. 4. D. 9/12. A. 3/12. L. lat. 29. L. transv. 3/10. Vert. 10/15. The height of the body is two-sevenths to two-ninths of the total length, the length of the head one-fourth. Caudal fin rounded ; dorsal spines rather slender ; the first ventral ray produced. A bluish-black yellow edged ocellus between the fifth and seventh dorsal spines ; corners of the caudal fin broadly yellow. Brownish-green, with eight or nine dark cross-bands on the back ; pectoral fin with a bluish-black spot in the axil ; dorsal and anal fins with one or two series of large, round, yellow spots along the basal half. Port Darwin (Macl. Mus.) My specimens have none of the bands on the back, mentioned above, nor is there any trace of yellow spots on the dorsal and anal fins, so that I may be wrong in ascribing them to this species, but the colours of all these Labroid fishes are so completely effaced by spirits, that no dependence can be placed on marking or colouring. 730. Platyglossus immaculatus, Macl. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. II., p. 363 pi. 10, fig. 1. Port Darwin. 731. Platyglossus miniatus, Cuv. & Val. Gunth., Cat. IV., p. 150.— Bleek., Atl. Ichth. Labr., p. 114, tab. 41, fig. 5. / 96 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, D. 9/11. A. 3/11. L. lat. 28. L. trans. 2/9. The height of the body is equal to the length of the head, and rather less than one-fourth of the total length. Caudal fin rounded. Eed : most of the scales along the middle of the sides with a blackish spot ; six blackish spots along the back ; sides of the belly with numerous crescent-shaped vertical streaks ; a deep violet spot behind the eye ; a curved silvery streak from the angle of the mouth to below the orbit, bent downwards over the operculum to the interoperculum. Dorsal fin with numerous, oblique, undulated violet lines, descending obliquely backwards, and generally with two black ocelli between the two anterior spines and behind the first ray ; anal dotted all over with black ; caudal rays with small red dots. Australia (Macgillivraj). i Genus Pseudojulis, Bleek. Body compressed, slender, covered with scales of moderate size (L. lat. less than 30) ; head naked ; lateral line not interrupted ; scales on the thorax smaller than those of the body. No posterior canine tooth; anterior teeth conical. Dorsal spines nine. Indian and Australian Seas ; California. 732. Pseudojulis lineata, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. II., p. 138. D. 9/12. A. 3/12. The height of the body is contained a little over four times in the total length, and is about equal to the length of the head ; the teeth are conical and directed forwards, two long ones in front ; caudal fin rounded and scaly on the basal half ; the pectorals have thirteen rays ; the ventrals are pointed. The general colour (in spirits) is an uniform light brown, with numerous longitudinal and regular lines of a darker colour, extending all along the body ; BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 97 the dorsal and anal fins appear to have been yellow, on the first of these there is a narrow black spot behind the first spine. Length over eight inches. West Australia. 733. Pseudojulis maculifer, Casteln. Researches on the Fishes of Australia, p. 35. D. 9/11. A. 2/11. L. lat. 31. The height of the body is three times and two-thirds in the length, exclusive of the caudal fin, the length of the head twice and three-fourths in the same ; diameter of the eye one-fourth of the length of the head ; the lateral line consists of twenty-four scales before its deflection, and is formed of a succession of small ridges which are bifid posteriorly. Colour yellowish-white : on the head a round spot behind the eye, three bands — one oblique before the eye and two angular on the cheeks — the end of the operculum, and a few spots on the top of the head, black ; the body has two very broad nebulous longitudinal bands with a black spot at the base of the pectorals and another between the first and third dorsal rays. Length three and a-half inches. Queensland. Genus Jtjlis, Cuv. & Val. Body compressed, oblong, covered with scales of moderate size ; head entirely naked ; lateral line not interrupted ; snout of moderate extent, not produced ; no posterior canine teeth. Dorsal spines eight. Tropical and subtropical seas. 734. Julis aneitensis, Gunth. Gunth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 183. D. 9/11. A. 3/11. L. lat. 28. L. transv. 3/9. a 98 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, 11 The height of the body equals the length of the head, and is somewhat more than one-fifth of the total length ; the outer caudal rays are produced into filaments ; the length of the ventral fins is two-thirds of that of the pectoral in half grown specimens, three-fourths in adults. Colours of dried specimens : anterior part of back and thorax brownish-olive ; body greenish, each scale with a vertical streak ; head violet, with three green bands edged with darker : the upper from the eye to the origin of the lateral line, the middle from below the eye to the hind part of the suboperculum, the lower from the angle of the mouth to the suboperculum ; sometimes a fourth on the interoperculum. Pectoral fin with a broad, oblique, black band across its posterior half, and with a black spot in the axil ; a black spot beteen the second and third dorsal spines ; two fine brown lines run along the whole length of the dorsal fin, one along its base, the other above the middle of its height ; they are the edges of a broad, brownish band running along the middle of the fin ; anal with a similar line running nearer to its base than to its margin, and separating the brown basal portion from the green outer one ; a yellow band along the upper and lower margins of the caudal." (Gunther). North-east Australia (Rayner). 735. Julis Adelaidensis, Casteln. Researches on the Fishes of Australia, p. 35. The height of the body is one-fourth of the length exclusive of the caudal fin, the length of the head is three times and one-third in the same. Dorsal spines and rays very much alike ; caudal fin rounded ; lateral line about 50. Body of a beautiful pink colour, silvery beneath ; head pearly white with its upper parts of an obscure blue ; on the anterior part of the cheek are three or four narrow blue lines, bordered with black, and directed obliquely downwards ; dorsal fin yellowish, with a broad longitudinal pink band extending on all its length higher than the width of the fin. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 99 the portion of this band on the three first spines is black ; caudal without spots ; anal with the rays pink. Length nine inches. South Australia. Genus Coris, Lacep. Body compressed, oblong, covered with small scales (L. lat. 50 or more) ; head entirely naked, lateral line not interrupted ; dorsal spines nine. All warm seas. 736. Coris aygula, Lacep. Gunth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 201. D. 9/12. A. 3/12. L. lat. 60-65. Vert. 9/16. The height of the body equals the length of the head, and is contained thrice and three-fourths in the total length. A prominent hump on the nape, more developed in large specimens. Posterior canine tooth small, hidden, sometimes absent. The upper lip broad with folds, the lower not continuous with that of the other side, pendent. The anterior dorsal spine produced ; caudal fin subtruncate ; ventral long, pointed. Black or blackish, sometimes with a light vertical band above the vent. Back and vertical fins with some blue dots. Three red angular cross-bands on the neck ; edges of the prceoperculum and operculum red ; extremity of the operculum blue. Vertical fins with green margins. Dried specimens nearly uniform black. Australia (Gunther). 737. Coris auricularis, Cuv. & Val. Eichards., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1843, XI., p. 422.— Gunth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 206. D. 9/12. A. 3/12. L. lat. 78. L. transv. 6/28. The height of the body equals the length of the head, and is four times and a-half in the total length. No posterior canine 100 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, tooth. Caudal fin rounded ; dorsal and anal rather elevated/the spines being flexible and slender ; the length of the posterior spines is two-thirds of that of the head. Uniform reddish-yellow (in a dried state) ; opercular point with a black spot, edged with white anteriorly ; dorsal fin with a black spot between the two first spines and with numerous undulated brownish lines in its upper half ; anal with three lines near the margin ; caudal with irregular transverse bands. West and South Australia. 738. Coris lixeolata, Cuv. & Val. G-unth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 206. Described by Count Castelnau, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. III., p. 390. Port Jackson. West Australia. 739. Coris pallida, n. sp. D. 9/12. A. 3/12. L. lat. about 50. Compressed, snout rather elongate, pointed ; eye large ; caudal fin somewhat rounded. Colour pale yellow, with some small black spots on the head, a few indistinct dark transverse marks on the sides, and a minute black spot on the second dorsal spine and another larger about the second ray. Pins colourless, immaculate. Endeavour Eiver. Length two inches. Genus Pseudoscarus, Bleek. The upper jaw projecting beyond the lower ; two or more series of scales on the cheek ; dorsal spines more or less flexible ; anterior teeth soldered together, arranged in quincuncial order ; the dentigerous plate of the lower pharyngeal longer than broad. D. 9/10. A. 2/8. L. lat. 23-25. Tropical Seas. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 101 740. PSEUDOSCARUS RIVULATUS, CuV. & Val. Gunth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 222.— Bleek., Atl. Ichth. Labr., p. 44, tab. 9, fig. 3. Two series of scales on the cheek, and two scales on the lower prccopercular limb ; the middle series composed of six scales. Upper lip broad. Jaws whitish, each with two small pointed teeth at the corner ; teeth of moderate size. Anterior dorsal spine shortest ; fourteen or fifteen pectoral rays ; caudal fin sub- truncate. Green, each scale with a reddish margin ; snout and lower half of the head reddish, the former with rather numerous undulated green lines. A narrow green band along the base and margin of the dorsal fin, and an irregular band of the same colour, or series of spots along its middle. Anal fin green, lighter towards the margin, which is broadly edged with dark green. Caudal with irregular green spots. Cape Grenville (Chevert Exp.) 741. PSEUDOSCARUS FLAVOLINEATUS, All. & Mad. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. I., p. 346, pi. 16, fig. 3. Cape Grrenville (Chevert Exp.) 742. Pseudoscarus nudirostris, All. & Macl. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. L, p. 346, pi. 17, fig. 1. Cape Grenville (Chevert Exp.) 743. Pseudoscarus obscurus, Casteln. Researches on the Fishes of Australia, p. 41. ' ' This sort belongs to the Division having two series of large scales on the cheeks ; the teeth are white and well marked, and distinct on the edge. The general form is oblong ; the height is contained three times in the total length without the caudal ; the head is about equal to the height ; the lateral line is marked by tubercles, almost all simple, and the others simply bifide at their 102 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, extremity. The opercule is produced and very broad ; the pectorals have fifteen rays ; the caudal truncate ; the eye is nearly twice and two-thirds in the length of the snout ; colour of a dark purple (in spirits) ; a whitish blotch covers the chin ; another is visible on the opercle, and a broad transverse one extends on the back behind the opercule ; the fins are purple, without spots, as is also the snout. The length of specimen is about twelve inches." "Nota. — This sort seems to resemble the Scar us nigricans, ol Ehrenberg (Cuv. & Val.), which is only imperfectly known. Cape York." 744. Pseudoscarus modestus, Casteln. Eesearches on the Fishes of Australia, p. 41. " Upper jaw projecting slightly beyond the lower ; three series of scales on the cheek, the lower prrcopercular limb being entirely naked ; teeth white, the two of the upper jaw strongly denti- culated ; those of the lower jaw distinct laterally by longitudinal lines in the laminated pieces. Form, oblong ; the greatest height of the body contained rather more than four times and a-half in the total length of the fish ; the upper profile of the head pointed ; caudal rounded ; fourteen pectoral rays ; general colour pink, with the head yellow ; no spots ; fins white ; length three inches. Adelaide." "Nota. — This sort would come in Dr. Gunther's Division with Pulchellus and Harid, but appears different from both. It is probably a young specimen." 745. Pseudoscarus Dumerilii, Casteln. Eesearches on the Fishes of Australia, p. 41. " The teeth soldered together into a broad lamina. The largo scales of the body and the two series of scales on the cheeks, place this fish in Dr. Bleeker's genus Pseudoscarus. Its jaws of a white colour, and its broad upper lip, place it in a small section which BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 103 contains Ghobban, Collana, and a few other sorts from the Indian Archipelago. The height is contained four times and a-half in the total length ; the head three times and two-thirds in the same ; the diameter of the eye is four times in the length of the head ; upper lip broad ; no tooth at the angle ; the edge of the pra> operculum is finely denticulated ; the lateral line is strongly curved over the pectoral, and runs over thirty-six transverse series of scales ; the scales over the base of the caudal are pointed ; the dorsal has twenty-one rays, the two last rather prolongated ; the caudal is pointed, of twelve long rays, the central ones being the longest ; the anal is rather large, of twelve rays, the two last rather prolongated. The general colour is of a pinkish-brown, with the back purple ; the lower parts pink ; the sides appear to have been marbled with brown ; fins light vellow. One single specimen, four and a-half inches long. Adelaide." 746. Pseudoscartis Eichardsoxii, Casteln. Researches on the Eishes of Australia, p. 42. " General form rather short ; upper profile convex ; height less than twice and two-thirds in the length without the caudal ; two series of scales on the cheeks ; the lower row composed of six ; lateral line marked by a series of nearly simple tubes. General colour of an olive-green ; on the cheeks a large lilac blotch, extending over the throat ; this and the lower part of the opercles covered with oblong, narrow, irregular pink spots, bordered with dark brown ; these form two irregular, transverse lines on the chin ; • teeth yellow ; a transverse blotch, light colour, on the sides, behind the end of the pectorals ; posterior part of the tail flesh colour ; dorsal, caudal, ventrals, and anal flesh colour ; the dorsal has a dark violet longitudinal line on its upper part, another near its base, and between these there is a series of circles, the centre of which is yellow ; the outer third of the anal is yellow ; pectorals large, dark, almost black, with the two anterior fins yellow ; a very large and pointed free scale at the base of the pectoral ; 104 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, caudal emarginate ; the scales behind the eye strongly granulate ; thirteen rays to the pectorals. Length thirteen inches and a-half . Cape York." 747. Pseudoscarus viridescens, Casteln. Researches on the Fishes of Australia, p. 42. " This also enters division having two series of large scales on the cheeks ; teeth white, with their edge well marked, and the separation of each tooth marked by a faint line on all its length. The general form of the body is short and inflated ; the height of the body is twice and two-thirds in the total length without the caudal ; or a little less than three times in the same with this fin ; the head is contained over three times and one-third in the length (without caudal) ; the diameter of the eye is not quite twice and a-half in the snout ; the pectorals have thirteen rays ; the lateral line is marked by a succession of complicated arbuscules on its first half, and of more simple but irregular ones on its posterior part ; caudal subtruncate. The general colour (in spirits) is green, becoming rather lilac on the cheeks and the lower part of the head ; the dorsal, caudal, and anal appear to have been red ; the other fins yellow. Length of specimen, eight inches. From Cape York." Genus Heteroscarus, Casteln. Upper jaw longer than the lower ; teeth soldered together, forming a sharp cutting ridge on both sides, with a median suture in the upper and none in the lower jaw. Scales large ; fourteen or fifteen stiff dorsal spines ; head naked, porous, cheeks dotted with imbedded and impressed non-imbricate scales ; large scales on the operculum ; lateral line continuous. East and South Coasts of Australia. 748. Heteroscarus filamentosus, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. IL, p. 74. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 105 D. 15/11. A. 2/12. L. lat. 29. L. transv. 12. Form oblong, oval, rounded in front, gibbous on the back ; height of body three times and one-eighth in the total length, length of head nearly four times in the same, diameter of eye five times in the length of the head ; two rows of large scales on the operculum, the first of six or seven, the second four or five scales. Operculum striated ; the two first dorsal spines ending in long filaments ; caudal fin truncate ; pectorals large, rounded, of four- teen rays ; ventrals united at the base, smaller than the pectorals, with one long slender spine and four rays. Colour (in spirits) reddish pink, becoming light brown on the back, with faint traces of three or four irregular transverse brown bands, which are interrupted a little under the lateral line, and reappear as blotches on the belly. The head is brown above and pink below and on the sides ; a narrow well defined blue stripe, bordered with black, extends from the eye to the scaly part of the operculum ; a second runs below the eye from the front of the mouth ; a third extends from the angle of the mouth to the serrated part of the pra3operculum. The spines of the dorsal fin are white, but the membranes and filaments black ; the rest of the fin is yellow, with a broad dark blue stripe nearer the margin than the base ; the anal and ventral fins similar ; the caudal and pectorals are of a fine yellow. South Australia. Length seven inches. 749. Heteeoscarus modestus, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. II., p. 75. D. 14/10. A. 2/11. P. 13. L.lat. 32. L. transv. 13. Shorter than H.filamentosus. Cheeks covered with large thin, flat scales ; minute scales on the upper limb of the prreoperculum, which is striate-serrate ; the operculum is naked on its anterior half and covered with pores, on its posterior portion there are three series of large scales, behind which again it is naked and 106 DESCllirXIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, striated. The first few spines of the dorsal end in filaments ; the caudal fin is truncate ; ventrals united at the base, of one spine and four rays' Colour (in spirits) of a fleshy pink, with the sides of the head brilliant ; no trace of coloured stripes on the head ; the fins are yellow, with a black tinge on the anterior and posterior parts of the dorsal ; the caudal has four transverse black bands ; the anal with a broad, faint, black stripe along the middle, and the second half of the ventral is of the same colour. South Australia. Length six inches. 750. Heteroscartjs Castelnaui, Macl. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. III., p. 36, pi. 5, fig. 2. Port Jackson. Genus Odax, Cuv. & Val. Cheeks and opercles scaly ; scales of the body small or rather small ; lateral line continuous ; Snout conical. The edge of each jaw is sharp, cutting, without distinct teeth anteriorly ; the dentigerous plate of the lower pharyngeal triangular, much broader than long. Coasts of Australia and New Zealand. 751. Odax baleatus, Cuv. & Val. Grunth., Cat. Pishes IV., p. 240. " Kelp Fish " of Tasmania. Odax algensis, Eichards., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1840, p. 26. I). 16-17/12. A. 3/12. L. lat. 39. L. transv. 4/13. Vert. 19/17. Prreoperculum finely serrated posteriorly. Sides of the head with red and blue streaks ; dorsal and anal fins with dark purple edges and with many very short, slender, oblique bars, regularly crossing the rays. Specimens in spirits show a dark band running from the snout, through the eye, to the curve of the lateral line, BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 107 •where it disappears, or is replaced by a series of indistinct dark blotches. Tasmania. Port Jackson. 752. Odax fhexatus, Gunth. Gunth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 241. D. 31. A. 13. L. lat. 42. L. transv. 3/11. Preoopercnlum. entire ; dorsal fin nearly even ; a dark brown band from the snout, through the eye, to the end of the operculum ; a silvery band below the brown one, and continued on to the tail, •where it is gradually lost ; a blackish spot anteriorly on the dorsal fin. West Australia. 753. Odax Kichardsoxii, Gunth. Gunth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 241.— Castelnau, Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. I., p. 152. " The Stranger" of the Melbourne Fishermen. D. 17/13. A. 3/11-12. L. lat. 60. L. transv. 7/20. Prceoperculum finely serrated posteriorly ; none of the fin rays produced ; dorsal fin even ; caudal rounded. Colour of fresh specimens green, or blue, or red, tinged with yellow, with six to eight rather obscure dark cross-bands ; belly white ; sides of head with blue and yellow bands. Port Phillip. 754. Odax semifasciatits, Cuv. & Val. Gunth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 241. — Castelnau, Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S. Wales, Vol. III., p. 390. "Rock Whiting" of the Sydney Fishermen. D. 18/12. A. 2/11. L. lat. 63. L. trans. 15-20. Very much like O. Richardsonii, but with the prrcoperculuni entire. The colour is sky-blue with a golden spot on each scale, 108 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OE AUSTRALIAN FISHES, or green with the belly white, and with transverse black spots on the back. Port Jackson. Length fourteen inches. 755. Odax radiatus, Quoy. & Gaiin. Gunth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 242. Odax lineatus, Richards., Voy. Erebus and Terror, p. 133, pi. 60, fig. 1-5. D. 30/31. A. 13. L. lat. 44. L. transv. 4/10. Pracoperculum entire ; the first dorsal spine slightly produced ; caudal fin with the middle prolonged, rhombic. Back violet, belly orange-coloured, a carmine red band along the side of the back ; a reddish violet line commences behind the eye, and is forked at the origin of the lateral line, one part running above ; the other below, the convex portion of the lateral ine ; a single reddish- violet line runs along and above its straight portion. Sides of the head with blue longitudinal lines ; operculum with a dark green spot. Dorsal fin with greenish, darker-edged, longitudinal lines, and with a blackish band within its margin ; the anterior spine dark ; a black band, edged with red posteriorly occupies the anterior third of the base of the fin. Caudal fin blackish posteriorly ; anal yellowish ; pectoral rose-coloured ; the outer ventral ray produced, with a red, black-edged longitudinal band. West Australia. 756. Odax obscurus, Castcln. Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. I., p. 154. D. 28. A. 15. P. 14. C. 13. L. lat. 45. Snout not so produced as in 0. Ilkhardsonii, and the scales much larger. Prseopereulum very finely denticulated. General colour purplish-black, the upper part of the head lighter, the sides of tho head with numerous narrow, fiexuous red linos ; eye BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 109 red, witli a broad external blue circle ; dorsal and anal fins of a light blue colour, covered with oblique scarlet lines, border black ; the other fins black. Port Phillip. 7.37. Odax pusillus, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc, Vict., Vol. II., p. 72. — Eesearches on the Fishes of Australia, p. 36. D. 28. A. 15. P. 15. Height of body one-sixth of the total length. Scales large ; prseoperculimi ciliated ; caudal fin pointed, the middle rays being the longest. Colour lilac, with a faint but broad band from the mouth, over the eye, to the base of the caudal fin. South Australia. Length three inches. 758. Odax Wateriiousei, Casteln. Ncodax Wateriiousei, Casteln., Pes. Pishes Aust. p 37. D. 27. A. 14. Body elongate ; eye rather large ; praeoperculum serrated ; dorsal fin of very flexible rays. Caudal fin rounded ; scales moderate ; several series of scales on the cheeks. General colour (in spirits) yellowish-pink, with a faint longitudinal and rather obscure streak on each side of the body, and of the head ; fins yellow. South Australia. Length about two inches. Count Castelnau formed the genus Neodax for this species, and others of the genus Odax, having a serrated prseoperculum and soft flexible dorsal fin. I scarcely think the genus is necessary. 759. Odax brunnetts, n. sp. D. 28. A. 14. L. lat. 30. 110 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, Height of body one-fifth of the total length ; prjeoperculum rounded, and finely crenulated ; caudal fin rounded ; ventrals close together, the space between covered by two long, pointed scales. Colour chocolate-brown, the fins redder, five or six series of small spots on the dorsal fin. Port Jackson. Length three and a-half inches. Genus Olistiierops, Richards. Head entirely naked ; scales of moderate size ; lateral line continuous ; snout of moderate extent ; dorsal spines numerous, flexible. Teeth as in Odax. Australia. 760. Olistherops cyanomelas, Richards. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1851, p. 291.— Gunth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 243. D. 18/10. A. 3/10. L. lat. 48. L. transv. 7/14. The height of the body is contained five times and a-half in the total length. Blackish-green : a bluish streak along the upper and lower margins of the caudal and along the upper margin of the pectoral fins. Melbourne. King George's Sound. This species is subject to very great variations in colour, seeming to change at different seasons. The following species I believe to be distinct, though placed by Count Castelnau as a synonym of 0. ojanomelas. 761. Olistherops brunneus, Macl. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Yol. III., p. 36, pi. 5, fig. 1. Port Jackson. Genus Siphonognathus, Richards. Head and body very elongate ; snout long as in Fistularia, upper jaw terminating in a long, pointed skinny appendage ; BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S 111 opercles and cheeks scaly ; scales of moderate size ; lateral line continuous ; dorsal spines numerous, flexible. Teeth as in Oclax. Australia. 762. Siphonognathus argyrophanes, Eichards. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1857, p. 238, pi. 6.— Gunth.,Cat. Fish. IV., p. 244. D. 24/22. A. 14. L. lat. 105. L. transv. 3/12. A brownish violet band on the median line of the back, another from the snout, through the eye, to the tip of the caudal fin, which is lanceolate, a silvery band along and below the brown lateral one. King George's Sound. Length sixteen inches. Order III. ANAGANTBINI. Vertical and ventral fins tvithout spinous rays (Gadopsis excepted). The ventral fins, if present, are jugular or thoracic. Air-bladder, if present, without pneumatic duct. Family I. GADOPSID.ZE. A small portion of the dorsal and anal fins is formed of true spines. Ventrals jugular. Gill-openings wide. Genus^ Gadopsis, Eichards. ' Body slightly elongate, covered with very small scales. Snout of moderate extent, obtuse, with the upper jaw overlapping the lower ; cleft of the mouth of moderate width, small cardiform teeth in the jaws, on the vomer and the palatine bones. One dorsal, the spinous portion rather shorter than the soft ; anal spines three ; caudal distinct. Ventrals jugular, composed of a single jDifid ray. Branchiostegals six ; gills four, with a narrow slight slit behind the fourth ; pseudobranchia) present, glandular; gill-opening wide ; gill-membrane not united. An air-bladder ; pyloric appendages in moderate number. Fresh-waters of Australia. 112 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, 763. Gadopsis marmoratus, Richards. Voy. Erebus and Terror, p. 122, pi. 59, fig. 6-11.— Gunth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 318. B. 6. D. 10-11/25-26. A. 3/18-19. V. 1. The dorsal and anal fins are enveloped in thick skin ; ventral longer than pectoral. Reddish-brown, marbled with darker. Fresh-waters of New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, and South Australia. Family II. LYCODID^E. Vertical fins confluent into one, without any spines. Ventral fin if present, small, attached to the humeral arch, jugular; gill opening narrow ; gill-opening attached to the isthmus. Genus Blennodesmus, Gunth. Body elongate, compressed, band-like, rudimentary scales being imbedded in the mucous integuments of the body. Lateral line rather indistinct. Eye of moderate size. Head compressed, with the snout pointed and lower jaw prominent. Small conical teeth in both jaws ; palate smooth. Barbels none. Gill-opening and verticals as in the other genera of the family. Ventral fins reduced to two short filaments, jugular. No prominent anal papilla. Australia. 764. Blennodesmus scapularis, Gunth. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1871, p. 667, pi. 67, fig. a. D. 4- C. 4- A. 50 + 9 + 40. V. 1. The height of the body is one-twelfth of the length, exclusive of the caudal fin, the length of the head one-seventh, Interorbital space convex, much narrower than the eye, the diameter of which is one-fifth of the length of the head ; snout pointed, compressed, rather longer than the eye. The maxillary extends beyond the BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 113 front margin of the orbit. The vent is twice as distant from the extremity of the caudal as from the snout. The dorsal fin com- mences above the posterior half of the pectoral, and is lower than the body ; caudal fin rounded. The anal commences immediately behind the vent. Pectorals half as long as the head. Ventrals close together, reduced to a pair of filaments, about as long as the eye. Body brownish, marbled with darker, sides of the head with small round yellowish spots ; a black, yellow-edged ocellus in the scapulary region ; an undulated yellowish line along the middle of the nape and head. Port Mackay (Queensland). Length three inches. Family III. QABIBM. Body more or less elongate, covered with small, smooth scales. One, two, or three dorsal fins, occupying nearly the whole of the back ; rays of the posterior dorsal well developed ; one or two anal fins. Caudal fin free from dorsal and anal, or if united, the dorsal with a separate anterior portion. Ventrals jugular, com- posed of several rays ; or if they are reduced to a filament, the dorsal is divided into two. Gill openings wide ; the gill- membranes generally not attached to the isthmus. Pseudobranchise none or glandular, rudimentary ; an air-bladder and pyloric appendages generally. present. Cold and temperate seas of the Northern hemisphere, rare in the Southern. Genus Lotella, Kaup. Body of moderate length, covered with small scales. A separate caudal fin ; two dorsal fins and one anal ; ventral fins with a flat base, and composed of several rays. Teeth in the upper jaw in a band, with an outer series of larger ones. Vomerine or palatine teeth none. Chin with a barbel. Branchiostegals seven or six, Western Pacific. II 114 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, 765. LOTELLA FULIGINOSA, Gimth. Gunth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 347. D. 9. 50 A. 54. Y. 9. Head rather short and broad, one-fourth of the total length, and about as high as long ; the snout is equal in length to the diameter of the eye and is obtuse ; the maxillary extends beyond the vertical from the middle of the eye ; barbel rather longer than the eye ; nostrils close together, immediately in front of the eye. Interorbital space flat, its width being equal to the vertical diameter of the orbit. The teeth in the upper jaw form a band, with an outer series of widely set stronger teeth ; lower jaw with a single series like the outer series of the upper. Body and tail compressed, the latter tapering posteriorly, so that its least depth is equal to one diameter of the eye ; the two outer ventral rays produced into filaments, extending nearly to the vent. Uniform brown ; fins blackish ; ventral filaments white. Port Jackson (Castelnau). 766. LOTELLA CALLARIAS, Gunth. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1863, p. 116. " Cod" of Melbourne Fishermen. D. 6. 65. A. 57. P. 22. V. 7. Similar to L. fuliginosa, but with a shorter head, it being one- fifth of the total length (caudal fin excluded). The two outer ventral rays produced into a filament. Colour uniform brown. The ventrals with the filaments are as long as the pectorals ; the barbel is not quite half the length of the head. Port Phillip. Length nineteen inches. 767. LOTELLA MARGINATA, 11. SJ). D. 5. 56. A. 47. P. 21. V. 6. " Beanhj " of Fishermen. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.8. 115 The width of the head behind the eyes is about equal to its length, and considerably less than the height of the body below the first dorsal fin ; the body tapers towards the tail which is much compressed before the fin and not higher than the diameter of the eye. Snout very obtuse and rounded, projecting beyond the mouth ; the maxillary reaches to the vertical behind the posterior margin of the orbit ; the barbel is about equal in length to nearly two diameters of the eye. Ventral fins much shorter than the pectorals, the two first rays white and produced into filaments ; dorsal and anal fins pointed behind, caudal long and rounded. Scales very small. Colour uniform brownish, with the margins of all the fins white. Port Jackson. Length twelve to twenty inches. 768. Lotella grandis, Ramsay. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. V., p. 464. Wollongong. Genus Pseudopiiycis, Gunth. Body of moderate length, covered with small scales. A separate caudal fin ; two dorsal fins and one anal ; ventral fins with an exceedingly narrow styliform base, but composed of several rays. Teeth in the jaws in a band, of equal size ; no vomerine or palatine teeth. Chin with a barbel. Branchiostegals seven. Australia and New Zealand. 769. Pseudopiiycis barbatus, Gunth. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1863, p. 116. — Castelnau, Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, I., p. 162. "Hock Cod" of the Melbourne Market. B. 7. D. 9. 50. A. 55. V. 5. L. lat. 140. Oblong, becoming compressed a little and tapering towards the tail ; the head is broad and flat above ; the snout rounded but 116 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, not very convex, overlapping the mouth ; the eye is large ; the maxillary reaches the vertical from the posterior margin of the orbit ; the barbel is very short and slender ; the space between the snout and the anus is not quite so long as the anal fin ; fins very scaly. Colour brownish above, whitish beneath, all or nearly all the fins have a blackish margin. Port Phillip. Tasmania. Family IV. OPHIDIID^. Body more or less elongate, naked or scaly. Vertical fins generally united into one ; no separate anterior dorsal or anal ; dorsal occupying the greater portion of the back. Ventral fins rudimentary, or absent, jugular. Gill-openings wide, the gill- membranes not attached to the isthmus. Pyloric appendages none, or in small number. Genus Dinematicittiiys, Bleek. Body elongate, covered with very small scales. Eye small ; one dorsal and anal fin not continuous with the caudal ; each ventral reduced to a single filament, both close together and inserted at the throat, but behind the isthmus. Bands of teeth in the jaws, on the vomer, and on the palatine bones. Upper jaw scarcely longer than the lower ; barbels none. Six branchi- ostegals ; gill-opening very wide ; pseudobranchias none. An anal papilla. Indian Archipelago, California, and Australia. 770. DlNEMATICIITIIYS MIZOLEPIS, Guntll. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1867, Vol. XX., p. 66. D. 83. A. 69. C. 14. L. la*. 90. Like D. tluocceteoicles, but the scales much larger. Head naked ; palatine teeth in a long stripe. Cape York. Length two inches. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 117 Genus Gexyptertjs, Philippi. Body elongate, compressed, covered with minute scales. Eye of moderate size. Vertical fins continuous ; ventral fins replaced by a pair of bifid filaments (barbels) inserted below the glossohyal. Teeth in the jaws, on the vomer, and the palatine bones ; the outer series in the jaws and the single series of the palatines contain strong teeth. Lower jaw received within the upper. Yent situated at some distance behind the pectoral fin. Seven or eight branchiostegals ; gill-openings wide ; gills four, a slit behind the fourth ; pseudobranchias and air-bladder present. Pyloric appendages in small number. South Pacific Ocean, South Africa. 731. Genypterus Australis, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc. Victoria, Vol. I., p. 164. " The Rock Line" of the Melbourne Market. Height of body eight times in the total length, diameter of eye seven times and a-half in the length of the head ; the barbels in the young specimens one-third, and in the adults one-half of the length of the head. The teeth in the jaws are in two series, in the outer the teeth are large, thick, conical and wide apart ; in the inner, smaller, closer and sometimes in pairs. The lateral line is well marked until the posterior eighth of the body ; it is formed of several lines placed near one another and having a notch from distance to distance ; the number of these notches is about forty-seven. The scales are small, the transversal lines numbering nearly three hundred ; the pectoral fins are contained about twice and a-half times in the length of the head. Colour light lilac, the belly white ; the body is covered with large marbled blotches, of irregular shape, confluent on the back and extending over the head. Eye silvery. Dorsal and anal fins marbled like the body, the margin of the first white, of the anal flesh-colour. Pectorals spotted. Port Phillip. Length about two feet. 118 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, Genus Typhlonus, Gunther. "Head large, compressed, with most of the bones in a cartilaginous condition ; the superficial bones with large mucif erous cavities not armed. Snout a thick protuberance, projecting beyond the mouth, which is rather small, inferior. Trunk very short, the vent being below the pectoral ; tail thin, strongly compressed, tapering, without separate caudal. Eye externally not visible, reduced to a minute rudiment hidden below the skin. Bands of villiform teeth in the jaws, on the vomer and palatine bones. Barbel none. Ventrals reduced to simple filaments, placed close together on the humeral symphysis. Gill-openings very wide, the gill-membranes being but slightly united in front. Gills four ; gill-laminse rather short ; gill rakers of moderate length. Scales thin, deciduous, small. Pacific." 772. Typhlonus nasus, Gunth. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1878, Vol. II., p. 21. " The head of this most remarkable form is somewhat com- pressed, deep, as thick in the rostral as in the opercular portion ; its length is more than one-fourth of the total. Protuberances formed by projecting portions of the cranium, occupy the upper and lateral surfaces of the head ; and more especially, one in front and another on each side of the snout, are very conspicuous. North-east of Australia in 2,440 fathoms, (Challenger)." Genus Aphyonus, Gunth. "Head, body, and tapering tail strongly compressed, enveloped in a thin, scaleless, loose skin. Vent far behind the pectorals. Snout swollen, projecting beyond the mouth, which is wide. No teeth in the upper jaw ; small conical teeth in the lower, pluri- serial in front, uniserial on the side. Vomer with af ew rudimentary teeth; palatine teeth. Nostrils close together, small. No BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 119 externally visible eye. Barbel none. Ventrals reduced to simple filaments placed close together, and near to the humeral symphysis. Gill-membranes not united. Four branchial arches, the posterior without gill-laminse, the anterior with very short gill-rakers and rather short gill-laminse. Head covered with a system of wide muciferous channels and sinuses, the dermal bones being almost membranaceous, while the others are in a semicartilaginous condition. Notochord persistent, but with a superficial indication of the vertebral segments, (as in some Leptocephaline forms). Australian Seas." 773. Aphyonus gelatinosus, Gunth. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1878, Vol. II., p. 22. ' ' The head in the preserved specimen is compressed, rather deep, and enveloped in loose skin ; especially on the upper side of its anterior half the skin forms a long, loose bag, which during life is probably filled with mucus. Transparent, colourless, like a Zeptocephahis. North-east Australia in 1,400 fathoms (Challenger)." Genus Fierasfer, Cuv. Body produced into a very long and tapering tail, naked. Eye moderate. Vertical fins continuous, very low ; no ventrals ; no barbels. Cardiform teeth in the jaws, on the vomer and the palatine bones, sometimes with canines ; the teeth on the vomer form an oblong patch and are generally stouter than the others. Lower jaw received within the upper. Vent situated at the throat. Seven branchiostegals ; gill-openings wide, the gill-membranes united below and not attached to the isthmus ; gills four, a slit behind the fourth ; pseudobranchise none ; air-bladder present. No pyloric appendages. Inhabitants of nearly all seas. 120 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, 774. Fierasfer Homei, Eichards. Voy. Erebus and Terror, p. 74, pi. 44, figs. 7-18. — Gunth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 382. The length of the head is seven times and a-half or eight times in the total length ; its width one half its length. Gill-openings of moderate width, the united gill-membranes leaving half of the isthmus uncovered. Vent a little in advance of the vertical from the root of the pectoral fin. Teeth small, cardiform ; two larger ones anteriorly in the upper jaw and on the vomer ; an outer series of stronger teeth along the side of the lower jaw. Dorsal fin very low, but distinct. Yellowish with some scattered darker dots on the back. Torres Straits (Chevert Exp.) Genus Coxgrogadus, Gunth. Body elongate, compressed, eel-like, covered with very small scales ; vertical fins united, long. Ventrals none. Cleft of the mouth moderate, with the lower jaw prominent. Jaws with a single series of small teeth, closely set ; palate smooth. Branchi- ostegals six ; gill-openings of moderate width, gill-membranes united below the throat, not attached to the isthmus ; gills four, a slit behind the fourth ; pseudobranchire well developed. Vent remote from the head. Air-bladder and pyloric appendages none. Indian Archipelago and North Australia. 775. Coxgrogadus subducexs, Eichards. Gunth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 388. Machecrium subducem, Eichards., Voy. Erebus and Terror, pi. 44, figs. 1-6. B. 6. D. 71. C. 10. A. 00-65. The height of the body is three-fifths of the length of the head, which is contained six times and a-half to seven times in the total length. The dorsal fin commences above the end of the pectoral. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 121 Each, jaw on each side has more than forty small teeth. Body brownish, uniform or irregularly marbled or spotted ; a black ocellus on the operculum ; lower part of the cheeks with pearl- coloured spots ; base of the dorsal and anal fins with bluish spots. Port Darwin, Port Essington, and West Australia. Count Casteluau described in "Eesearch.es on the Fishes of Australia, p. 43-44," a large Pish from Western Australia, which he refers with some doubt to the family Ophidiidce. It cannot, however, possibly belong to this family, and the very defective condition of the specimen from which the Count manufactured the genus and species, leaves it a matter of great doubt as to its being even of the Order Anacanthini. I therefore omit it altogether from the Catalogue. He gave it the name of Othos cephalotes. Family V. MACEUEID.E. Body terminating in a long, compressed, tapering tail, covered with spiny, keeled or striated scales. One short anterior dorsal fin, the second very long, continued to the end of the tail, and composed of very feeble rays ; anal like the second dorsal ; no caudal. Ventral fins thoracic or jugular, composed of several rays. Pseudobranchia3 none ; six or seven branchiostegals ; air- bladder present. Pyloric appendages numerous. Genus Macrurus, Bl. Scales of moderate size, keeled or spiny. Snout produced, conical ; mouth inferior. Head with rough ridges ; the suborbital ring forms a strong lateral ridge, joined with, and supporting the angle of the pra? operculum, which has a very distinct ridge. Teeth in a band, villiform or cardiform, without larger ones in the outer series; palate smooth. Ventral fins below, or immediately behind or before the pectorals. A barbel. All temperate seas. 122 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, 776. Macrurus australis, Richards. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1839, p. 100.— Gunth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 391. D. 13. 88. A. 87. V. 7. L.lat. 130. L. trans. 4/15. Vert. 14/53. Each scale with twelve or thirteen keels, and with the margin crenulated. The second dorsal ray smooth, extending beyond the origin of the second dorsal fin, if laid backwards. Vent situated behind the vertical from the last ray of the first dorsal. The projecting part of the snout trihedral, scarcely longer than the diameter of the eye, which is rather less than one-third of the length of the head. Port Arthur, Tasmania. Length seventeen inches. Genus CoRYrniENoiDES, Gunner. Scales of moderate size, spiny or smooth. Snout short, obtuse, obliquely truncated ; cleft of mouth lateral. Head without prominent ridges ; the suborbital ring is not joined to the angle of the prseoperculum, nor is the latter supported by it. Prse- opercular angle with a very indistinct ridge. Teeth in the upper jaw in a narrow band, those of the outer series larger than the others ; palate smooth. Ventrals below the pectorals. A barbel. Northern Atlantic. Southern Australian Seas. 777. Coryph^enoides denticulatus, Eichards. Voy. Erebus and Terror, p. 53, pi. 32, f. 1-3.— Gunth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 396. First dorsal fin of eleven rays. Ventrals eight ; other fins imperfect. Five series of scales between the anterior dorsal and the lateral line ; scales spiny. The first dorsal ray very slender, and not serrated. Snout very short and obtuse ; head without ridges. Teeth in the upper jaw in a very narrow band, those of the outer series being much stronger and widely set. The vent is situated vertically behind the anterior dorsal. South Australia. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S 123 778. CoRYPHCSNOIDES VARIABILIS, Gunth. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1878, Vol. II., p. 27. Snout obtusely conical, projecting beyond the mouth, the cleft of the mouth extends beyond the middle of the eye. The teeth of the outer series are visibly stronger than the remainder. Barbel nearly as long as the eye. The interorbital space is flat, its width being much less than the diameter of the eye, which is compara- tively small. The scales are provided with five ridges, each ridge composed of several spines, the central ridge being the strongest. There are eight scales in a transverse series between the first dorsal and the lateral line. Lower limb of the prseoperculum scaleless. Second dorsal spine armed with barbs in front, which are rather distantly set. The second dorsal fin commences at a distance from the first, which is less than the length of the head. South of Australia over 2,000 fathoms (Challenger). Family VI. PLEURONECTIDiE. Body strongly compressed, flat, with one of the sides, which is always turned upwards, coloured, whilst the other is colourless. Both eyes placed on the coloured side ; and although the bones of the skull are present on both sides, they are not symmetrical. Dorsal and anal fins exceedingly long, without divisions. Gills four ; pseudobranchise well developed ; air-bladder none. Carnivorus Fishes frequenting all coasts and rivers and living on the bottom. Genus Arnoglossus, Bleek. Mouth wide or rather wide, the length of the maxillary being more or not much less than one-third the length of the head. Teeth minute, of equal size, in a single series in both jaws; vomerine and palatine teeth none. The dorsal fin commences on the snout ; dorsal and anal rays simple. Scales of moderate size ; deciduous ; lateral line with a strong curve above the pectoral. 124 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, Eyes on the left side. Gill-inenibranes broadly united below the throat ; gill rakers slender, styliform. European seas. East Indian Archipelago, &c. 779. Arnoglossus Bleekeri, n. sp. D. 87. A. 67. L. lat. about 40. Greatest height of body a little less than half the length, exclusive of caudal fin ; length of head less than half the height of body. Mouth very oblique, the maxillary not extending beyond the vertical from the anterior margin of the orbit. Eyes very close together, the lower slightly in advance ; the profile of the head is slightly concave or emarginate in front of the eyes ; pectoral fins small ; ventrals of about seven rays ; caudal rather pointed ; scales very deciduous, large ; lateral line somewhat angularly curved above the pectorals ; scales of the operculum very large. Colour uniform pale reddish-yellow, a spot on the upper part of the operculum. Endeavour Eiver. Genus Pseudoriiombus, Bleek. Mouth wide, tho length of the maxillary being more than one- third of the head. Teeth in both jaws in a single series, of unequal size ; vomerine and palatine teeth none. The dorsal fin commences on the snout ; dorsal and anal rays simple. Scales small or rather small ; lateral line with a strong curve anteriorly. Eyes on the left side ; interorbital space not concave. Gill- membranes united below the throat, not attached to the isthmus ; gill-rakers lanceolate. Nearly all seas. 780. Pseudoruombus Eussellii, Gray. Gunth., Cat. Eishes, Vol. IV., p. 424. " Flounder " of Colonists. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 125 B. 7. D. 70. A. 56. L. lat. 75. The height of the body is one-half or less, of the length (caudal fin excluded); the length of the head two-sevenths of the same. Scales ciliated, those on the cheeks and anterior part of body, smaller than those on the tail ; interorbital ridge very narrow and naked ; no spines or tubercles along the lateral line or base of the fins. Lateral line with a semicircular curve over the pectoral fins. Snout a little longer than the orbit, the diameter of which is one-fifth or one-sixth of the length of the head. Lower jaw prominent ; the length of the maxillary is two-fifths of that of the head. Teeth conical, pointed. Upper jaw with two or three pairs of strong teeth in front, and a series of very small ones laterally ; lower jaw with about five strongly widely set teeth on each side. Front margins of the orbits nearly on the same level. Each fin-ray has a series of small smooth scales, and the anterior rays of the dorsal and anal have their tips prolonged beyond their membranes ; the distance of the dorsal from the caudal is one-third of the depth of the free portion of the tail ; the longest dorsal rays are in the posterior third of the fin ; the pectoral is not quite twice as long as the ventral. Gill-rakers compressed, lanceolate, at moderate distances, half as long as the orbit. Yellowish-brown, generally with two or three dark spots on the lateral line. Port Jackson. Port Essington. 781. PSEUDORHOMBUS MULTIMACULATUS, Gimth. Gunth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 427. D. 71. A. 55. L. lat. 78. The height of the body is contained once and three-fourths to once and four-fifths in the length, caudal fin excluded ; the length of the head thrice and a-half in the same. Scales ciliated. Eyes very close together, with an elevated, naked ridge between. Snout very short, as long as the eye, the jaws equal anteriorly ; 126 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, the maxillary has its dilated portion scaly, and extends to behind the middle of the eye. The upper jaw has three pairs of strong teeth in front and a series of smaller ones laterally ; the lower has about fifteen on each side. The dorsal fin terminates at a short distance from the caudal, the posterior rays longer than the anterior ; caudal rounded, rather prolonged ; pectorals two-thirds of length of head ; ventrals extend beyond the origin of the anal. Gill-rakers lanceolate, disposed at moderate distances, half as long as the eye. Greyish-brown, with smaller and larger sub- ocellated blackish-brown spots ; fins finely spotted with brown, a series of larger distant spots along the basal half of the dorsal and anal fins. Port Jackson (Aust. Mus.) Genus Teratorhombus, n. gen. Mouth large ; dentition very strong. The dorsal fin commences on the top of the head, the rays of that and the anal simple. Scales rather small, lateral line with a strong curve over the pectoral fin. Eyes on the left side, rather close together, the head very deeply excavated above the upper orbit. The blind side coloured like the other. I looked upon this as an abnormal specimen of Pseudorhombus Russellii, vvhich had had the forehead bitten out in its youth by some other fish, but I have lately seen, with Mr. Eamsay, another specimen so exactly resembling it in all its peculiarities, that I am compelled to look upon it as not accidental. 782. Teratorhombus excisiceps, n. sp., (Plate II.) D. 73. A. 60. L. lat. 77. Height of body about one-half of the total length and twice the length of the head. Teeth long, strong, acute and distant. The snout is very convex about the mouth, behind this there is a very deep excavation, much more than semicircular ; the upper BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 127 eye is situated in the lower part of the excavation, and on the upper part the nape projects in a point over the eje. The colour is brownish on both sides and a good deal speckled. The fins are minutely spotted with a deeper shade of brown. Port Jackson. Length about eight inches. Genus Rhomboidichtiiys, Bleek. Mouth of moderate width or small, the length of the maxillary being one-third, or less than one-third, of that of the head. Teeth minute, of equal size, in a single or double series ; vomerine and palatine teeth none. Eyes separated by a concave more or less broad space. The dorsal commences on the snout ; dorsal and anal rays simple. Scales ciliated ; lateral line with a strong curve anteriorly. Eyes on the left side. Tropical seas, Mediterranean, Japan, and Australia. 783. Ehomboidichthys spiniceps, n. sp. D. 84. A. 64. L. lat 40. Height of the body one-half of the total length. Scales large, deciduous, those of the lateral line square. Mouth small ; teeth minute, in a single series. Eyes rather large, about one-third of the length of the head, the lower a little in advance of the upper ; the interspace concave and scaly, and about two diameters of the ordit apart. The profile of the head almost vertical, with a slight concavity above the mouth ; a horny point on the snout immediately above the maxillary, another on the upper front of the lower eye, and a-third on the lower front of the upper eye. The rays of the dorsal and anal fins are simple and clothed with smooth small scales, the rays are equally long throughout, those on the dorsal begin immediately above the snout, and in both fins they terminate close to the caudal ; ventral fins close together ; pectorals about the length of the head, and smallest on the blind side, but slight and narrow on both sides. Colour brownish-red, faintly mottled all over with blackish, two larger black spots on 128 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, the caudal fin, one on the upper, the other on the lower edge, behind the middle. Length four and a-half inches. Port Jackson. Genus Ammotretis, Gunth. Eyes on the right side, on the same level, or the lower rather in advance. Mouth unsymmetrical, narrower on the right side than on the left, the length of the left maxillary being less than one-third of the head ; teeth on the blind side only, where they are villiform, forming bands ; no vomerine or palatine teeth. Dorsal and anal rays branched and scaly; the dorsal fin commences on the snout and is not continued on to the caudal. Two ventrals, the right in the same line, and continuous with, the anal. Scales small, ctenoid ; lateral line straight. Gill-openings narrow, the gill-membranes broadly united below the throat ; gill-rakers short, conical. Australia. 784. Ammotretis rostratus, Gunth. Gunth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 458. B. 7. D. 80. A. 53. P. 12. V. dext. 6, sin. 4. L. lat. 90. The upper part of the snout is produced into a flap overhanging the lower jaw. Colour uniform brownish-olive. Port Jackson. Tasmania. Genus Ehomdosolea, Gunth. Eyes on the right side, the lower in advance of the upper. Mouth unsymmetrical, narrower on the right side than on the loft, the length of the left maxillary being less than one-third of that of the head ; teeth on the blind side only, where they are villiform, forming bands ; no vomerine or palatine teeth. Most of the dorsal and anal rays branched ; the dorsal fin commences on the foremost part of the snout. One ventral fin, continuous BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 129 with the anal. Scales very small, cycloid ; lateral line straight. Gill-openings narrow, the gill-membranes being broadly united below the throat, gill-rakers short, conical. Australian and New Zealand Seas. 785. Eiiombosolea monopus, Gunth. Gunth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 459. B. 5. D. 59. A. 42. The height of the body is contained once and four-fifths in the length (without caudal), the length of the head thrice and two- thirds. Eyes separated by a naked space, the width of which is less than the vertical diameter of the eye ; the lower eye is slightly in advance of the upper. Snout as long as the eye, the diameter of which is one-fifth of the length of the head. The maxillary on the right side extends to below the anterior margin of the eye ; teeth in narrow bands. Jaws equal in front ; the upper lip has a slight notch, in which the symphysis of the lower jaw is received. The cutaneous fold above the maxillary is not prolonged. The gill-opening does not extend upwards beyond the base of the pectorals. The dorsal fin commences on the foremost part of the snout, and terminates at a distance from the caudal, which is rather more than half the depth of the free portion of the tail ; the anterior dorsal rays produced beyond the connecting membrane but considerably shorter than those behind the middle of the fin, which are nearly half the length of the head. Caudal fin, slightly rounded, one sixth of the total length. The six ventral rays are arranged in the same line with those of the anal fin, both fins being connected by a broad, complete, rayless membrane ; the vent is situated on the blind side. The length of the pectoral is two-thirds of that of the head. Uniform brownish (in spirits) ; pectorals blackish posteriorly. Australia (Gunther). I 130 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISIIES, 786. ElIOMBOSOLEA TAPIRANA, Gunth. Ghinth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 459. B. 6. D. 66. A. 50. The height of the body is contained once and three-fourths in the length (without caudal), the length of the head nearly three times. Eyes separated by a very narrow ridge, the lower being slightly in advance of the upper. Snout as long as the eye, the diameter of which is one-fifth of the length of the head ; the maxillary of the right side extends to below the anterior margin of the eye ; teeth in very narrow bands; jaws equal in front, oveidapped anteriorly by a cutaneous flap half as long as the eye. Gill-opening and ventral fin as in li. monopus. The dorsal fin commences at the base of the rostral flap, and terminates close by the caudal ; the two anterior dorsal rays are prolonged beyond the connecting membrane, but are much shorter than the longest rays, which are behind the middle of the fin. Caudal fin slightly rounded, its length being contained five times and a-half in the total. The pectoral is little more than half the length of the head. Brown (in spirits), marbled with darker, and spotted with white. King George's Sound. Tasmania. 787. ElIOMBOSOLEA LEPORI>TA, Gimth. Gunth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 460. B. 6-7. D. 65. A. 43. The height of the body is contained twice and a-third in the length (without caudal), the length of the head four times. Eyes separated by a naked space, the width of which is less than the vertical diameter of the eye. The lower eye is in advance of the upper. Snout longer than the eye, the diameter of which is one- seventh or one-eighth of the length of the head. The maxillary of the right side extends to below the anterior margin of the eye ; teeth in rather broad bands. The upper iaw slightly overlaps the lower, which is received in a notch of the upper lip. The BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 131 cutaneous fold above the maxillary is well developed, bearing the first dorsal rays. The gill-opening does not extend upwards beyond the base of the pectorals. The dorsal fin terminates at a distance from the caudal which is rather more than half the depth of the free portion of the tail ; the anterior dorsal rays produced beyond the connecting membrane with their tips split into two fine filaments, but considerably shorter than the rays behind the middle of the fin, the length of which is two-fifths of that of the head. Caudal fin rounded, one-sixth of the total length. Ventral and anal fins as in R. monopus. The length of the pectoral is not much more than one-half of that of the head. Uniform-brownish (in spirits). Australia (Eichards.) Length nine inches. 788. Ehombosolea flesoides, Gunth. Gunth., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1863, Vol. IL, p. 117. B. 6. D. 62. A. 41. Similar to R. leporina, but with the body more elevated. The height of the body is rather less than one-half the length (with- out caudal), the length of the head two-sevenths. Eyes separated by a narrow, low, naked ridge, the lower being in advance of the upper. A cutaneous flap is suspended from the maxillary, over- hanging the mouth. The gill-opening does not extend upwards beyond the base of the pectoral. The dorsal fin terminates at a distance from the caudal, equal to one-fourth of the depth of the free portion of the tail ; the first dorsal ray is inserted immediately behind the maxillary appendage, and the four or five anterior rays are produced beyond the connecting membrane, but are considerably shorter than those behind the middle of the fin, which are nearly half as long as the head. Caudal subtruncated, its length being rather more than one-sixth of the total. The pectoral is somewhat more than half the length of the head. 132 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, Ventral as in 72. monopus xnxLleporina. Uniform brown. Length fourteen inches. Port Phillip. " Flounder " of the Fishermen. 789. Bhombosolea BASSENSis, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. I., p. 167. " The Sole " of the Melbourne Pishmarket. D. 75. A. 51. P. 12. C. 18. V. 7. L.lat. 90. The height of the body is contained twice and a-half in the total length, the length of the head five times ; the space between the eyes is covered with scales and is one-half the longitudinal diameter of the eye in width ; the lower eye is considerably in advance of the upper ; the length of the snout is contained three times and two-thirds in the length of the head, the eye five times. The dorsal fin begins at the extremity of the snout, the first twenty-five rays are prolonged into short filaments. Teeth on the blind side numerous, conical and sharp, in four or five irregular lines. Scales of body punctate-striate and strongly ciliated ; the fin rays scaly. Dark brown, marbled with black, sometimes nearly entirely black. Yarra River, Melbourne. 790. EnoMBOsoLEA ViCTOBLas, Casteln. Plearonectes ? Victoria, Casteln., Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. L, p. 168. D. 56-57. A. 41-42. P. 11. C. 19. V. 6. L. lat. 85. The height of the body is twice and one-third in the total length, the length of the head a little over four times ; diameter of eye five times in the length of the head ; the space between the eyes narrow and scaleless ; teeth on the blind side long, slender, and numerous ; the snout up to the edge of the lower eye, is as long as the diameter of the latter ; the lateral line is straight, a branch from the operculum runs obliquely to the fifth BY W. MACLEAY, E.L.S. 133 or sixth dorsal ray. Scales small, rounded and concave. The dorsal fin is highest in the middle, and the rays are all longer than the memhranes, the first is bifid and free or only connected with the others by a very low membrane. Colour olive-green, with large marbled blotches of a darker and brownish colour, blind side white. Eye black, with an orange circle. Port Phillip. " The Melbourne Flounder:' This is clearly a Rlwmhosolea, a genus apparently abundant on the South Coast of Australia, but never as yet taken so far north as Sydney. Count Castelnau proposed separating the present species from Rhomb osolea, because the dorsal fin does not commence so near the snout as in the other species. Genus Neorhombus, Casteln. Jaws and dentition equally developed on both sides ; dorsal fin commencing above the eye ; eyes on the left side. Teeth strong, in form of canines, apart one from the other, in a single series ; eyes large, about on the same line ; the space between them forming a narrow curved ridge ; mouth wide ; the maxillary large, being contained a little more than twice in the length of the head ; caudal well separated from the other fins ; ventrals and pectorals well developed ; lateral line very strongly curved over the pectoral fin, and extending on to the caudal ; the scales bordered and very finely ciliated." Australia. » 791. Neopjiojibus uxicolor, Castel. Eesearches on the Pishes of Australia, p. 45. D. 55. A. ?. P. 13. C. 17. Height of body contained twice and a-half in the total length, the length of the head three times and two-thirds, and less than its height. Snout convex in front of the eyes ; dorsal fin rounded ; 134 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, pectorals two-thirds of the length of the head. Colour (in spirits) dark brown. Fremantlo (Castelnau). Length nine and a-half inches. Genus Peltoriiamfus, Gunth. Mouth small, twisted towards the left side, toothless on the other ; teeth minute, in two distinct series on the left branches of the jaws ; vomerine and palatine teeth none. Eyes on the right side, of moderate size ; snout dilated, flat, sharp, bent downwards, hook-like. Dorsal and anal rays branched, naked. The dorsal fin commences on the foremost part of the snout. Pectorals well developed. The right ventral is continuous with the anal, the left very small. Scales small, ctenoid ; the lateral line straight. Gill-openings narrow, the gill-membranos being broadly united below the throat ; gill-rakers short. New Zealand. Norfolk Island. 792. Peltoriiamaus Novje-Zealandle, Gunth. Gunth., Cat. Pishes IV., p. 461. B. 5. D. 92. A. 57. P. de::tr. 11, sin. 7. V. dextr. G, sin. 5. L. lat. 78. Brownish-olive, marbled with darker. Two blackish blotches on the lateral line. Norfolk Island. Genus Solea, Cuv. Eyes on the right side, the upper being more or less in advance of the lower. Cleft of mouth narrow, twisted round to the left side. Teeth on the blind side only, where they are villiform, forming bands ; no vomerine or palatine teeth. The dorsal fin commences on the snout and is not confluent with the caudal. Scales very small, ctenoid ; lateral lino straight. Inhabitants of all seas. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 133 793. SoLEA MIC110CEPHALA, Gunth. Gunth., Cat. Pishes IV., p. 466. D. 79. A. 65. P. 11. L. lat. 90. The height of the "body is contained twice and three-quarters in the length (without caudal), the length of the head nearly six times. Each scale with about thirteen spines on its margin. Jaws equal in length anteriorly ; the nostril on the coloured side is prolonged into a tube as long as the eye ; the left side of the snout with numerous short papilla). Eyes very close together, the upper slightly in advance. Pectoral fin with broad base, not much shorter than the head ; that on the left side is very short and attached to the gill-membrane by a fold ; ventrals separate, not continuous with the anal. The dorsal and anal fins terminate immediately before the root of the caudal, their posterior rays extending beyond the middle of the caudal. Anterior dorsal rays short ; caudal entirely free, its length being eight times and a-half in the total length. Brown, with eleven or thirteen dark cross-hands, broader than the interspaces : the first on the snout, the second immediately behind the eyes, the last across the root of the caudal ; vertical fins black. Port Jackson. 794. Solea Macleayajsta, Eamsay. Proc. Linn. Soc. M. S. Wales, Vol. V., p. 462. Port Jackson. Genus Pardachirus, Gunth. Eyes on the right side, the upper in advance of the lower. Mouth unsymmetrical, narrow, narrower on the left side than on the right ; teeth minute, on the blind side only. Dorsal and anal rays scaly ; the dorsal commences on the extremity of the snout, and terminates at the root of the caudal. Pectorals none. Two separate ventrals. Scales small, not or only slightly ciliated; 136 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, lateral line straight, a second on the blind side along the upper profile of the neck, commencing from the snout ; each dorsal and anal ray with a pore at the base. Gill-openings narrow, the gill-membranes being broadly united below the throat ; gill-rakers rudimentary. Indian Ocean and Archipelago. 795. Pardaciiirus pavoninus, Lacep. Gunth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 479.— Bleek., Atl. Ichth. Pieuron., tab. 10, fig. 1. D. 67. A. 50-52. L. lat. 90. Dorsal and anal rays branched. Only the scales on the head and a few on the body minutely ciliated. The height of the body is two-fifths or one third of the total length (without caudal). Yellowish-brown ; the head and body with numerous larger and smaller rounded white spots, edged and minutely dotted with dark brown, and with a round black dot in the centre ; vertical fins with numerous whitish ocelli. East Indian Archipelago, and Australia, Cape Grenville (Chevert Exp.). Genus Syxaptura, Cant. Eyes on the right side, the upper in advance of the lower. Cleft of the mouth narrow, twisted to the left side ; teeth minute, on the blind side only ; no vomerine or palatine teeth. Vertical fins confluent. Scales small, ctenoid. Lateral line straight. Indian and Australian Seas. 796. Synaptura quagga, Kaup. Gunth., Cat. Fishes IV., p. 485. D. 68. A. 58-60. C. 18. P. 9. L. lat. 90. Tho upper eye slightly in advance of the lower. The height of the body is rather less than one-third of the total length, the BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 137 length of the liead somewhat less than one-sixth. Jaws equal in length anteriorly ; nasal tube not prolonged ; eyes contiguous, each with a small tentacle. The upper rays of the right pectoral are prolonged, two-thirds of the length of the head ; the left pectoral is very short, but rather broad. The gill-membranes are dilated on both sides and annexed to the pectorals. Yellowish, with eleven brown cross-bands, broader than the interspaces : only the anterior bands are more or less geminate : the first across the snout, the second behind the eyes, the third across the gill- opening, the last separated by a white band from the caudal. Caudal blackish-brown, with a pair of black ocellated spots, edged with white, on its posterior half. Sydney, Brisbane, and Swan Paver (Castelnau). 797. Synaptura sclerolepis, Macl. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. II., p. 363 pi. 10, fig. 4. Port Darwin. 798. Synaptura nigra, Macl. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. V., p. 49. Botany Bay. Genus Plagusia, Cuv. Eyes on the left side ; pectorals none ; vertical fins conilucnt. Scales small, ctenoid ; lateral line on the left side double or treble. Upper part of the snout produced backwards into a long hook, covering the mandible ; mouth unsymmetrical, rather narrow ; lips of the coloured side with tentacles ; teeth minute, on the right side only. One nostril on the left side, before the angle of the lower orbit; none between the eyes. Gill-opening very narrow. Indian and Australian Seas. 799. Plagusia guttata, Macl. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. II., p. 362, pi. 10, fig. 3. Port Darwin, Endeavour Paver. 138 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, 800. Plagusia acuminata, Castelu. Researches ou the Fishes of Australia, p. 44. D. 90. A. 90. C. 10. V. 4. The greatest height of the body is contained four times and one-third in the total length, the length of the head five and a-half times ; the highest part is about the first third of its length, from thence it tapers to the tail, which is very acute ; only one lateral line on the left side ; the lip tentacles of the coloured side are short but thick ; the height of the head at the opercle is equal to its length, rostral hook long, extending behind the lower eye ; scales strongly ciliated. Colour of an uniform light creamy pink, the fin rays marbled with brown. West Australia. 801. Plagusia unicolor, n. sp. " The Lemon Sole" of the Fishermen." D. 120. A. 90. V. 4. L. lat. 100 on the body. Height of body about three and a-half times in the total length ; the body tapering to a pointed tail. Postral hook long ; eyes small, more than their diameter apart, the upper sensibly in advance of the lower, a fleshy tubercle in front of the lower eye on the coloured side ; a similar tubercle over the mouth on the blind side, marking the position of one of the nostrils. Mouth small, much twisted, on the coloured side with the lips covered with tentacles. Scales small, ctenoid, two lateral lines on the left side running almost parallel and extending from the front of the head to the tail ; the upper keeping near the dorsal fin, the other near the middle of the body. The vertical fins are low, the rays simple. Colour light yellowish-brown, (the fins a little redder), indistinctly mottled with ashy-grey. Port Jackson. Length six inches. 139 On the Flora of Stradbroke Island, witii a description of new species. By F. M. Bailey, F.L.S., &c. Tlio above island lias been visited by botanists, and yet its flora is not well known. I made a visit to it some short time since in company with the Rev. B. Scorteehini, a member of this Society and an indefatigable worker in the flora of South Queensland. The island forms one of the south and east boundaries of Moreton Bay. It is about forty miles in length, and seven wide. It is of somewhat wedge-shaped form. It seems to be mainly composed of loose drift sand, and may at one time have been a bank drifted up from the ocean similar to those which now make Moreton Bay so shallow or so difficult of navigation. The sand hills on the island are of considerable height, with large freshwater swamps between. There is not much grass, and what there is becomes coarse in the scrubs, but in places where there is not much timber a fair turf is formed. Spots may be found where Loysia punycns, Willd., forms a turf almost equal to the couch or Cynodon dactylon, Pers. The timber consists of a few Eucalypti, conspicuous amongst which is M. Planclioniana, F.v.M., a tree hitherto thought confined to the Eight Mile Plains on the Logan road. E. rohusta, Sm., is of frequent occurrence round the edge of the swamps. There are several Banlcsia : B. semula, P. Br., is the most abundant and forms a large spreading tree. Its wood constitutes the principal fuel used at the Benevolent Asylum at Dunwich on this island. The other trees are Casuarina, Acacia, Frenela, Timonius Rumphii, Poxb., &c. The shrub Micinocarpus pinifolim, Desf., here grows up into a small fastigiall tree like a little Cypress. It flowers profusely and is one of the most beautiful of Australian shrubs. Leptosperma, Melaleuca and plants of Epaeridece are numerous, but it will suffice here to mention only those whoso Queensland 140 FLORA OF STRADBROKE ISLAND, habitat is not given in Bentham's and Mueller's Flora. First of these, Boronia pinnala, Sm., is met with in abundance along the edge of swamps forming often a dense thicket of from five to six feet in height. This when in bloom is a very attractive plant. B. parviflora, Sm., a much smaller species is frequently found in various localities. On some spots of very dry ground high up on the hill sides usually under the Casuarina and French we noticed large quantities of Macarthuria neocambrica, F.v.M., a small, probably an annual, plant belonging to Ficoidecc. The following might bo added to the diagnosis of this species given in the "Flora Australiensis " : — Habit of plant compact, 6 to 12 in. broad, 3 to G in. high, composed of a few lanceolate radical leaves 3 or 4 in. long, which taper into rather long petioles. The rest of the plant formed of flowering branches which are dichotomously divided, bearing few small linear-oblong, nearly filiform leaves. Flowers near the ends of the branches, small, and pedicellate. Petals white, seeds black, and muricate. Flowering in October. Scattered over both Stradbroke and Peel Island are two species of Bipodium, the common D. punctatum, E. Br., and another new species of which the following is a diagnosis : Ordo ORCHIDEsF.—Tkib. VANBF2E. Bipodium Ilamiltonianum, F. M. B., fsp. not.) Glabrum, rhizomate brevibus crassis squamis induto, caule muWjloro, sepalts petalisque acqualiter oblong is, flavis, bifida caudicula reclinante. In locis arenosis insula Stradbroke ct Peel : F. If. B. Planta efoliata. Rhizoma spissum, caulis 1 — 3' longus, basi cir- cumdatus Irevibus, crassis, obtusis, imbricatis squamis, superioribus aculiusculis, nee ita ticinis. F lores 24 — 30 maximum caulis partem tenentes, aureo-fulvi, purpurea maculati. Sepalia ct petalia fere aequalia 8"' oblong a. Labellum similiter long urn, velpaulo longms, mento brcvi, lateral/bus tubis lincaribus, obtusis, creelis, croceis, medio lobo oblongo, roseo, duplici linear i eminent! calloadbasim rimato, prope BY F. M. EAIEEY, F.L.S., ETC. 141 jincm multo albo tomento induto. Columna dimidium scpalium attingens. Pollinia duo ovalia, supra hijidum caudiculum tota sua longitudine in columnam recumbmtem lata. Brevitas squamarum, florum color et numcrus, caudiculce rcclinatio, qua comtans ccrnitur unoquoque examplari ad tristinam rcvocato, optime sejungunt ham specicm a I). punctate Uomhie Jacoli JIamiltoni ham speeiem roco, qui curam gerens puoliei Imtituti a viris'senio confectis, phcrimum adjuvat in colligendis Naturalis Historice exemplaribus circa Imulas ad Moreton sinum positas. Plant near D. punctatum, leafless, stems 1 to 3 feet high, from a thick rhizome, the base clothed with thick, short, obtuse, imbricate scales, the upper ones more distant and acute. Flowers large, distant, but numerous, often from 24 to 30, usually of a rich yellow spotted with purple, and occupying' the greater part of the stem. Sepals and petals oblong, about eight lines long. Labellum as long or longer, pouch short, lateral lobes linear, obtuse, erect, yellow, middle lobe oblong, pink, disk with two raised lines, the upper part with a dense white tomentum. Column about half as long as the sepals. Pollen-masses two, oval, the caudicles closely prostrate, rather long, like a lino on the surface until lifted on the point of a needle. The shortness of the scales, the color of flowers and above all the prostrate or recumbent position of the caudicles which is constant in all the flowers examined, separate this species from D. punctatum, It is the most attractive of all our Queensland terrestrial orchids, and wants but to be seen to become a favorite with cultivators of this curious family. Ilab. Stradbroke and Peel Islands, Moreton Bay. The specific name is in honour of Mr. James Hamilton, the Superintendent of the Benevolent Asylum, Dunwich, who has always lent a helping hand to collect the Natural History specimens of the Islands of Moreton Bay. 142 FLORA OF STRADBROKE ISLAND The most beautiful of the flowering plants are mot with in the large swamps or along their margins. Philydrum lanuginosum, Banks, which on the main land seldom rises above three feet, we noticed over six feet high with correspondingly large foliage and flowers, reminding one of the New Zealand flax. Drosera linata Labill., which is a small weed in Tasmania, here occurs with flower stalks two to three feet high. Equal in height with these are the curiously twice-forked leaves measuring often one foot in diameter. Here also the Xyris opereulata, Labill., produces large bright yellow attractive flowers. But the most beautiful of these swamp flowers are the two forms of Blandfordia, B.flammula,' Hook., and its golden variety " aurea" ; these plants attain the height of three or four feet, and bear at the summit of the stalks a number of bell-shaped flowers about two inches long. Two species of Xanthorrhcea inhabit these swamps. X macronema F.v.M., which bears the largest flowers of the genus is a very showy plant and well worthy of garden cultivation. The other species is X hastilis, E. Br. It is somewhat remarkable that no Queensland habitat is mentioned in the Flora Australiensis for this species, considering it is so plentiful on the island, and also that its flower spikes are used by the natives to make into a kind of beer. They collect the abundant juice from the nectary and allow it to ferment. In viewing the extensive swamps of Stradbroke one cannot help feeling somewhat surprised that they should be allowed to be idle when they are so admirably adapted for rice cultivation. With regard to the richness of the soil one has only to look at the luxuriance of the natural vegetation, and this is so striking as to cause one to think that instead of plants of unusually luxuriant growth one had fallen in with new species. The land is Hat, but easily drained and of large extent. In parts where the swamps are timbered is seen in perfection the superb orchid, Phaius grandifolius, Lour., and its yellow variety Bemaysii, with the other lovely terrestrial orchid Calcmthe veratrifolia, Bl. ; BY F. M. BAILEY, F.L.S., ETC. 143 we were glad also to see at the foot of some of the Avicennias just so as to be washed by the high tide, the pretty little Primulaceous creeper Samolus repens, Pers. Epiphytal orchids do not seem to be plentiful on the trees, and at the time of our visit, there were but few fungi to be seen, except at one spot where we found a large quantity of the poisonous agaric Russula cmetica, Fr., found also in Europe. On some old logs we also gathered specimens of one of the cup lichens Cladonia pyxidata, Hoffm. Our stay was so short that we could do no more than glance about us, but no doubt an immense harvest awaits a patient and industrious collector on this island. Our visit was made at the end of October. As next to the discovery of new species, fresh habitat is of importance to the botanist, I will bring under your notice that Erythrina indica, Lam., a tree hitherto thought to be exclusively tropical has been lately met witli at Tallegalla the high land of the Eosewood scrubs situated some thirty or forty miles from Brisbane. Mrs. Marquis from whom I received the specimens, tells me that there are several of these trees, and that they are from sixty to one hundred feet high, thus equalling those of our tropical coast. I will conclude these few remarks with the description of a new species of Angophora and Daviesia which I found some time bach at a locality called " the Eight Mile Plain" about ten or twelve miles from Brisbane on the Logan Eoad. Ordo MYRTACEjE.—Trib. LEPTOSPERIIE.E. Angophora Woodsiana, F. M. B., fsp. nor. J Arbor alia, cortiee persistente, ct rimoso, capite expanso. Hamuli scape tetragoni. Folia crassiuscula 4 — 7" longa, lanceolata-acuminata, bast obliquo euneata, copiosis aesubtilibus vents pinnatis in venamjuxta marginem desinentibus, et venulis reticulatis inter primarias percursa, in petiolum h — f" longum angustata. Paniculce terminates, maxime 144 FLORA OF STRADBROKE ISLAND, ramosee ; quisque ramus ml pedunculus late compressus umhellas germs 2 — 7 florwm, qui magnitudine aliarum angophorarumflores exsupcrant. Pedieclli f — 1" longi acute angular es. Calicis tubus tres tineas longi- tucline, 4-5 tineas latitudine in summitate met tens, costatus, quatuor v el quinque costis patentihus, ceeteris non ita conspicuis. Petala communiter quatuor, basi lata, summitate retusa, duro apieevcluti in A. intermedia. Frutescens calix summitate h" laius, Inplanitievulgo diet. "Fight Mile Plains" prope Brisbane una cum Eucalypto turn Bayleyana turn Planchoniana invenitur. Speciem Itanc dicavi preestanti ac Reverendo Domino Juiiano E. Teni son- Woods, Linnccanacc Societatis Neo Camb. Aust. digno Prcrsidi. Sp. A. subvclutina fotiis subcordatis valdc proximo . A large tree with spreading head. Bark rough, persistent as in A. intermedia. Timber like the rest of the genus of but little value, and having concentric fissures, filled with a red fluid gum similar to the Bloodwood (Eucalyptus corymbosaj. The branchlets often four-angled ; leaves thick, four to seven inches long, lanceolate-acuminate, oblique-cuneate at the base, with numerous fine parallel pinnate veins, and reticulate between them, conuected by an intramarginal one near the edge, petioles half to three- quarter inches long. Panicles terminal, large, spreading, each branch or peduncle flattened and bearing an umbel of two to seven rather large flowers. Pedicels three-quarters to one inch long, acutely angled ; calyx-tube three lines long, four or five lines diameter at the top, ribs four or five prominent, the secondary ones inconspicuous or altogether wanting. Petals usually four, broad and truncate at the top, the apiculate extremity of the hard part being below the margin as in A. intermedia. Fruiting calyx half in diameter at the top, and rather longer with four or five prominent wings produced into teeth, secondary ribs wanting or inconspicuous. Pedicels slender, angled, one inch long. Habitat Eight Mile Plains, in company with Eucalyptus Baihyana and E. Planchoniana. The specific name is in honor of the Rev. BY F. M. BAILEY, F.L.S,, ETC. 145 J. E. Tenison-Woods, F.G.S., President of the Linnean Society, New South Wales. This species is allied to A. subvelutina, on the one hand, and A. intermedia on the other. The young foliage being somewhat cordate at the base and slightly glaucous like the first, and the habit of the tree is that of the latter. But its panicles and flowers are larger, the pedicels longer and the secondary ribs of the calyx are more frequently wanting ; the foliage is also much larger and of a thicker consistence. Oedo LEGUMINOSjE. Daviesia Wyattiana, F. M. B., Series umbellatce. Frutex alba, erecta, glabra 3 — 10' metiens. Rami acute triangulares striati. Folia linearia 6 — 12" longa, 2 — 3"' lata, basim versus ubi media costa utrinque conspicua cernitur, angustata, venis maxime obliquis parallellis, atque ita reticulatis ut oblongas areolas construant, 1 — 3 pedunculiex superioribus axis emanantes 8"' circiter longi, quisque gerens umbellum qumque florum pariter pedicellatorun. Bractae tres vel quatuor subtus medietatem pedunculorum sitae, atque aliae efformantes invoherum prope pedicellas. Pedicelli 6"' circiter longi, articulati prope calicem. Calix 2"' longus, aeque denticulatus, leviter interne pubescens. Vexillum flabelliforme emarginatum, luteum, circa medium purpureum 3"' latum, alae aeque ac vexillum longae, lutece ad apice purpurece. Legumen compressum 5'" longum. Semina perpluries solitaria, oblonga ampla strophiola donata. Apud Eight Mile Plains. Florescit mense Sept. ac Novembris. Species voveo Doctori Gulielmo Wyatt qui in Australia meridionali botanicam ac horticulturam maxime fovet. A tall erect glabrous shrub of from five to ten feet, branches acutely triangular, the faces striate. Leaves linear, six to twelve inches long, two or three lines broad, tapering towards the base, where the midrib is prominent on both sides, veins very oblique almost parallel, the reticulations forming oblong areoles. J 146 HABITS OF BLACK BREASTED BUZZARD, Peduncles one to three in the axils, the upper branches about eight lines long, each bearing an umbel of usually five pedicellate flowers. Bracts three or four obtuse small ones on the lower half of the peduncle and an involucre of similar ones close under the pedicels. Pedicels about six lines long, articulate just below the calyx. Calyx two lines long, teeth nearly equal, slightly pubescent inside. Standard flabelliform, emarginate, yellow with purple centre about three lines wide. Wings nearly as long as standard. Keel shorter, yellowish with purple tips. Pod flat about five lines long. Seeds usually solitary, oblong, mottled, with large strophiole. Plowering in September and November. Hal. Eight Mile Plains, Logan Poad. The specific name is in honour of Dr. Wm, Wyatt, a great promoter of Botany and Horticulture in South Australia. Notes on toe habits of the Black Breasted Buzzard, Gypoictinia melanostemon, Gould. By K. H. Bennett, Esq. The range of this bird — so far as my experience goes — is confined to the plains which border the banks of the Murrumbidgec and Lachlan Pivers, and the wide expanse of open country on the north bank of the latter stream appears to be its especial habitat, for it is most frequently seen in that locality, and here also on several occasions I have discovered its nests. Its prey to a great extent, consists of various reptiles — such as snakes frill-necked, and sleepy lizards — it also has the singular habit of robbing the nests of Emus and Wild Turkeys (Bustards) of their eggs. My first information on this point I obtained from the blacks, and for some time I was inclined to disbelieve their assertion though the same story was told by blacks from all parts of the district, as it was so contrary to my experience of the Accipiter family. At length, however, I was compelled to BY K. H. BENNETT, ESQ. 147 alter my opinion, for I subsequently found portions of Emu egg shells in the nest of one of these Buzzards. The manner in which they effect the abstraction of the Emu eggs — as told me by the blacks — shows an amount of cunning and sagacity that one would scarcely give the bird credit for, and is as follows : — " On discovering a nest, the Buzzard searches about for a stone, or what is much more frequently found here, a hard lump of calcined earth. Armed with this the Buzzard returns (and should the Emu be on the nest) alights on the ground some distance off, and approaches with outstretched flapping wings, the Emu alarmed at this, to it, strange looking object, hastily abandons the nest and runs away, the Buzzard then takes quiet possession, and with the stone breaks a hole in the side of each egg into which it inserts its claw and carries them off at its leisure ; for when the eggs are broken the Emu abandons the nest." So much for the blacks' story ! This however, is in a great measure corroborated by a friend of mine, who lives on the adjoining Station, and who told me that in August last, he found the nest of an Emu containing five eggs, and that all of them had a hole broken in the side, and that the fracture had been done quite recently, and in the nest also was one of these lumps of calcined earth about the size of a man's fist. In a nest to which I recently ascended, I found amongst the remains of various reptiles, the shells of a couple of Bustards' eggs. In this nest were a couple of young Buzzards lately hatched. I think after all this testimony there can be little doubt of its nest-robbing proclivities, a habit which I think is peculiar to this bird, and is not shared by any other member of the Accipiter family so far as I know. I have often asked the blacks, if the "Wedge-tailed Eagle robs nests, but they always say no. The nest of this bird is a rough structure, generally placed on a forked horizontal branch, and is often quite as large as that of 148 GESNERACE.E OF AUSTRALIA., the Wedge-tailed Eagle. It lays two eggs, which in colour and shape resemble those of the above mentioned bird, but are much smaller. Length 2-16 by 1*85, being strongly blotched with bright rust-red, with spots and dots of the same colour. It usually lays about the middle of August, and the young leave the nest about the beginning of December. If undisturbed the old birds resort year after year to the same nest, but should it be robbed, they adandon it for ever, and it is never occupied by birds of the same species again, although other species of hawks, notably the brown hawk — (Hieracidea orientalisj sometimes takes possession. I have never known the Buzzard to touch carrion, or to feed upon anything that it did not capture, and except at the nest I have never seen them perch on a tree, but I have often seen them alight on the ground. The note which is something between a whistle and a scream is only uttered when visiting the nest. Gesnerace.e of Australia. By the Eev. Dr. Woolls, D.D., F.L.S., &c. The order of Gesnerworts is for the most part tropical or semi- tropical, and the species are generally valued for the beauty of their flowers. The two suborders, into which the order is divided (viz. Gesnerece and CyrtandreceJ, have a very different geographical distribution, for whilst the former is limited to the warmer parts of America, the latter extends to different regions of the world, especially in the East. It was not until 1823, when the eminent Explorer and Botanist Allan Cunningham visited Mount Tomah, that any species of the order were known to exist in Australia. The notice of Fieldia australis, which was subsequently referred to the Gesneracece, is thus recorded in a paper of Cunningham's in Hooker's Journal of Botany, Vol. IV., p. 286 : " A climbing, rooting-stemmed plant adhering to the trunks of the tree-ferns is very general in these shaded woods, where it BY THE REV. DE. W00LLS, D.D., F.L.S. 149 covers also fallen timber. I was fortunate in detecting it in fruit and flower, it belongs to that division of Bignoniacece of Jussien, producing baccate fruit." This interesting plant which was named in honour of Baron Field, (then Judge of the Supreme Court of N. S. Wales), is found in moist and shady valleys from Gipps Land to the Blue Mountains, (Frag. Phyto. Aust. Vol. IV. p. 147.) and it is remarkable as being the solitary representative of a genus, endemic in Australia. Bcea hygroscopica, which has been discovered by Dallachy in moist, shady places on the higher mountains at Kockingkam Bay, was fully described by Baron Mueller in 1863, and referred to Cyrtandrece. The genus Bcea, according to Mr. Bentham, com- prises a few Asiatic species, one of them extratropical and one from the Seychelles Islands ; whilst B. hygroscopica, which closely resembles the Chinese B. hygrometrica, is the only one endemic in Australia, being limited apparently to the northern parts of Queensland. This plant is a perennial with a short, thick woolly stock and radical leaves four or five inches long, having loosely branched, somewhat umbellate flowers, which are rather numerous and of a blue colour. Since the publication of the fourth volume of the "Flora Australiensis, a new species of the order was discovered at Lord Howe's Island by Mr. Moore, F.L.S. , Director of the Botanical Gardens. This plant is described in Baron Mueller's ''Fragmoita " Vol. VII., p. 151, (1871), as a genus differing from any one hitherto known in the order, though in some respects resembling Conandra and Rhahdothamnus. It differs particularly from Field ia and Baa in its erect and almost tree-like habit, as well as in the shape and opening of the fruit. Baron Mueller has named the plant Negria rhahdothamnoides, the generic name being in honour of Professor Negri, the illustrious founder of the Italian Geographical Society, whilst the specific name arises from its likeness to Rhahdothamnus. This plant is said to attain a height of eighteen feet, and is therefore probably the largest species of 150 REMARKS ON MEGAPODIUS BRAZIERI, the order, thus showing that, whilst Australia affords the largest species of the Labiate and Composite orders, a little island not far from her coast presents us with one of the most remarkable of the Gesneracece. Professor H. Baillon has recently published a very elegant figure of N. rliahdothamnoides, which will enable the student to recognise the peculiar marks of difference between the new genus and those to which it is nearly allied. The Baron separates it from Conandra, because the corolla is not of a rotate shape, nor has the fifth stamen any anther, whilst the connectives of the anthers do not cohere in a tube exceeding the cells. Prom the New Zealand shrub, JRhabdotkamnus, the plant from Lord Howe's Island is separated, not so much by habit, as by the divisions of the calyx, the straightness of the filaments, the speedy separation of the anthers, and the less regular fissure of the capsule (Frag. VII.). Whilst the singular occurrence of Negria in a remote part of the world affords a problem yet to be worked out in the distribution of species, the plant commends itself by its elegance and beauty to the consideration of Horticulturalists and Florists. Remarks on Megapodius Brazieri. By J. Brazier, C.M.Z.S., &c, &c. I wish to correct an error made by Mr. E. P. Pamsay, F.L.S., in a Paper on the " Birds of the Solomon Islands," published in these Proceedings for 1879, p. 75. He there- states that I had taken Mcgapodius Brenchleyi at the Island of Savo,*' in the Solomon group, and that Dr. Sclater had named it from the egg alone, having never seen the bird. The fact is that H.M.S. Curacoa, which I accompanied as Naturalist, during the expedition to the South Sea Islands, so interestingly described by the late Mr. Brenchley in his " Cruise of the Curacoa," never called at Savo at all, and the Megapodius eggs were not collected there. * Known also as Savu, Galera, and Russell Island. BY J. BRAZIER, C.M.Z.S., ETC. 151 I find in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1869, p. 528, the undermentioned information : " The Secretary exhibited, on behalf of Mr. John Brazier, C.M.Z.S., a specimen of an egg of a species of Megapodius from Banks' Islands, and read the following notes by Mr. Brazier concerning it : — ' The egg I send the Society I obtained, with four other specimens, at Vanua Lava, or the Great Island in Banks' Group, 13° 52' S. lat., 1C9° 4' E. long., situated near the New Hebrides group. The bird is well known to the inhabitants of Banks' Island ; and my specimens were purchased of a native. The Megapodius that lays this egg builds its mound on the mountains near the sulphur springs. The natives told me that the mound is large ; or as they expressed it, a ' big-fellow house.' The contents of the eggs were good eating. When I was on shore collecting shells, &c., at Sandwich Island, New Hebrides, a native offered me two eggs for sale, but he wanted more than I felt inclined to give him for them. I believe my friend Sir W. S. "Wiseman took four or five of the very same egg, that had been brought alongside of the ship at Vanua Lava, or Great Island. When I had bought my specimens from the natives, I set out at once for the mountains to obtain, if possible, some of the birds ; but it came on to rain, and night setting in, I had to return to the ship. Our stay there was only one day, for the greater part of which it rained. I was the first naturalist that had ever landed on the island to collect specimens of natural history. I should mention that I obtained the eggs on the 21st of August, 1865. I send you one specimen ; one I keep myself ; and the other I sent to Mr. Krefft, for our National Museum." The statement that I kept one for myself was not quite correct. I retained three of the eggs, two of which I have since presented to the Hon. W. Macleay and Dr. Cox, respectively. Mr. Sclater stated that he was not aware of any previous record of the existence of Meffapodim in the group of the New Hebrides, except the short notes of Dr. Bennett (P.Z.S., 1862, 152 REMARKS ON MEGAPODIUS BRAZIERI p. 247) where he alluded to the occurrence of this form in the islands of Tanna and Sandwich. Mr. Sclater had compared the present specimen with the series of eggs of the birds of this genus in the British Museum, and found it to come nearest to that of Megapodius Pritchardi, G. E. Gray (P.Z.S., 1864, p. 41, pi. vi.) which is figured in Hartlaub and Finsch's Ornithology of Polynesia, plate 2. But it was larger and more deeply coloured than that egg, and appeared to indicate the existence of an undescribed species of Megapode in Banks' Island, for which, following Mr. Gray's example, he suggested the name of Megapodius Brazieri. Mr. Brenchley remarks at page 240 in the " Cruise of H.M.S. Curac,oa " — " The natives brought me three large eggs of a bird which lives in the vicinity of those hot waters, that "Wall was of opinion belonged to the genus Megapodius. These eggs, of much greater length than width, and pretty nearly the same size at either end, were of a pinkish tint ; they reminded me that when at the island of Vate, * at the Christian village where Mr. Morrison lived, a native offered me two eggs exactly similar, which I declined, from fear of breaking them. I have heard that a large bird is to be found also in the neighbourhood of the volcano of Tanna." The Megapodius Brenchleyi, described by Mr. G. E. Gray, Ann. and Mag. N. H., 1870, Vol. V., 4th series, p. 328, -'Cruise of the Curac^a," page 392, pi. 20, was found at Gulf Island, also called Galfe and Uji, Solomon Group. Mr. G. E. Gray distinctly says, "A single specimen of the young bird, and two eggs (unfortunately in a broken state), were obtained at Gulf Island, where they were discovered in the month of September, 1865. These eggs are, both in size and colour, very similar to that of the Megapodius Brazieri, described by Mr. Sclater in Proc. Zool. Soc, 1869, p. 528. In 1864, I * Vate is the native, the English name is Sandwich Island of Captain Cook. BY J. BRAZIER, C.M.Z.S., ETC. 153 observed, in the Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 42, that an egg (very similar in every respect to those above referred to), had been brought from San Christoval Island. As Gulf Island lies close to this last mentioned island, it is therefore very probable that the birds of these two islands may eventually prove to be of one and the same species. Mr. Sclater has recorded that an egg of a Megapode, which he has described, under the name of Megapodius Brazieri, in the Proc. Zool. Soc, 1869, p. 528, has been found and brought from Banks' Islands. Mr. Brenchley's collection contains three specimens of eggs of a Megapode that were obtained at Vanua Lava, two of which are similar in colour and size to that described by Mr. Sclater ; but the third example is a dirty white. Mr. Brenchley has a note in reference to them, that they were found in the vicinity of the hot springs on the mountains during the month of August 1865. The neighbouring group of islands, the New Hebrides, is also the abode of a species of Megapode ; and we are told by Captain M'Leod that they are found abundantly, especially on Tanna and Sandwich Island. Both these islands are also referred to by Mr. Brenchley, who remarks that on the first mentioned island a large bird is spoken of as living in the vicinity of the volcanoes ; while in the second island eggs of a Megapode had been offered for sale. It may be remarked that the mature state of the bird of both these groups is at present unknown to Ornithologists." From this it will be seen that Mr. Eamsay was in the first place incorrect, in stating that the egg to which Dr. Sclater gave the named of Megapodius Brazieri, was found at Savo Island, Solomon Group, when it was in reality found at Vanua Lava, or Great Island of Banks' Group, some hundreds of miles distant. He has also expressed his opinion of the probability of the Megapodius Brenchleyi of Gray, being of the same species as M. Brazieri. This is a mere vague surmise ; the two species may possibly be identical, but there is not a shadow of pi'oof in support of that view, and the probability is very great that M. Brenchleyi, 154 REMARKS ON MEGAPOD1US . BRAZIERI, from Gulf Island in the Solomon Group, is not the same as the If. Brazieri from the Bank's Group. I subjoin the following quotation from the Zoological Society's Proceedings for 1874, p. 606, as it throws some light on the distribution of the genus in the South Seas : — "A series of eggs of Ifegapodes (Ifegapodhm) transmitted by Mr. John Brazier, C.M.Z.S., was exhibited, and the following notes on them read : — 'I send twenty-four eggs of a species, or of various species of Megwpode, of which fourteen are from Savu or Gal era, or Russell Island ; one from Treasury Island ; and nine from New Britain, all islands of the Solomon Group. I also send one bird in spirits, which was hatched on board ship, August 21st, and died September 8th, 1872; this bird was from a Savu egg. The natives bring these eggs off for sale to passing ships by the tbousand ; they use them raw. I have eaten the eggs when boiled, but do not much care for them, as they have a raw-potato-like taste and smell about them. When boiled, the thin membrane that covers the cilbumen is of a lead-colour ; but when the yolk and albumen are beat together and made into an omelette, as I have seen our cook do, it is not to be known from the common fowl's egg. At New Britain the natives brought them off also in great quantities, like the Savu natives ; in fact one saw the blue jackets eating them all day long, or as long as the eggs lasted. There must have been a great many thousands consumed in two days at both islands. At Treasury Island I obtained four, but I broke two in blowing ; I send one. I also send a very young bird from a New Britain egg. When at San Christoval, I was shown an egg that Perry, a white man living there these last five years, said vvas laid by the ' Wild Fowl ' ; and upon my visiting him a few days after, he had just obtained another from the nest of his domestic fowls. He being in bad health at the time, I did not press him to let mo have it ; and for two days I traversed the mountains with guides to try and obtain specimens of the bird, but without success.' " 155 Notes on the occurrence, of Artesian Wells in the Albert District, New South Wales. By C. S. Wilkinson, L.S., F.G.S. As the occurrence of Artesian wells on the Messrs. Officer's Killarah Eun, near the Darling River, may not be generally known to the members of this Society, I desire to lay before them a few particulars regarding it. In putting down some tube-bores at the so-called "Mud Springs" of Wee Wattah and Mulyeo, at Killarah, Mr. David Brown, manager for the Messrs. Officer Bros., struck a strong flow of water, which, at the Wee Wattah spring rose in the bore and flowed from the tube at a height of twenty-six feet above the surface of the ground. Some months ago Mr. Brown personally informed me of his important discovery ; and more recently Mr. H. A. Gilliat, Government Inspector of Tanks, who has seen the wells, has also given me a description of them which I will relate to you in his own words. "The Wee Wattah Well is in a large flat about eighteen miles back from the Eiver Darling. Mr. Brown had five bores put down, varying from 134 to 142 feet, from all of which water was obtained. But from the last bore water is now running Mr. Brown estimates, at the rate of nine gallons per minute, with a temperature at the surface, of 82° Fahr. All the others were choked by the fine drift coming up the pipe ; some iron pyrites, and a few water worn pebbles were found amongst the drift. The bore passes through clay and clay mixed with drift until the water was struck at 110 feet. " The water has flowed over pipes screwed on at a height of twenty-six feet above the surface, and without perceptible diminution of the supply to ten feet above the surface. " From one of the bores water flowed for some time at the rate of fifty gallons per minute, but it soon became choked with the drift. Four inch pipes are used in the bores. 156 OCCURRENCE OF ARTESIAN "WELLS, ALBERT DISTRICT, " Close to this is a Mud spring, about forty feet in diameter, there is no perceptible flow from it, but -water is always to be found in a hole that has been opened in it. It is similar to some found on the Flinders, in the neighbourhood of Mount Brown, though not retaining the usual shape of a regular truncated cone, which may be owing to it having been trampled down by cattle. "Mullyeo is fourteen miles North-east from Wee Wattah, and twenty-four miles back from the Darling. Close to an old native spring Mr. Brown has put down four bores, all of which are still running, although the pipes have been drawn from three on account of the small supply. " In the last bore put down, water was struck at 49 feet, and is flowing at the surface at the rate of twelve gallons per minute ; the water here is cooler at the surface, the temperature being about 63° Fahr. I have placed in Mr. Wilkinson's hands some small pieces of bone, found in these bores. Water was struck first at seventeen feet from the surface, and the bore went through drift with no clay from the surface. The flow ceases at a height of four feet above the surface. The pipes are of the same diameter as at Wee Wattah. " Groomery is on the Toorah Run, belonging to Messrs. McCaughey and Co., the owners of the Dunlop Station. I am informed that the bore is about 100 feet deep, and the water rises to the surface; the supply is small ; it is about twenty -five miles back from the river, and is in a line with the two wells just described. I was unable to visit it, and I am consequently unable to give any particulars." This discovery of Artesian water is of great importance ; and I have no doubt but that in many other localities throughout the Darling District similar water supply will be obtained. The fragments of bones above referred to, are probably, those of the Diprotodon ; with them Mr. Brown also found fragments BY C. S. WILKINSON, L.S., F.G.S. 157 of petrified wood. The water-bearing strata are of Post Pliocene age. Contribution to a South Queensland Flora. By the Eev. B. Scortechini, L.L.B. The only department of Australian Botany, which has received as yet any thing like a fair share of study from scientific men, is the taxological department, Much road remains untrodden before we shall go through all the branches of Australian Botany. Many treasures lie hidden under ground, which paleontological Botany will some day bring to light. Many medicinal properties, useful and economic principles, pervade our plants, which botanic chemistry will in future wrest from them. Little or nothing has been done in cryptogamic Botany. Even in systematic Botany not a little is left undone. If that imperishable monument raised by the genius and labour of Bentham and Mueller — the Flora Australiensis — is a sure guide to the classification of Australian plants, and as such cannot be surpassed, yet the distribution of our plants is very imperfectly known. To this knowledge, the compilation of local Floras will lead, a work of time and patience. Pew of them as yet exist. Towards the completion of a South Queensland Plora I beg to contribute a list of some plants, which are not known to science as existing in South Queensland. The area in which I met them growing extends from South and West of the Logan waters to the border of the Colony, and the Pacific sea-shore. The President of this Society and Mr. Bailey have already given us a complete census of the Brisbane Flora, which takes a radius of twenty-five miles around Brisbane. The incomplete list I now offer, begins where the Brisbane Plora list ends, on the south side. Much the same Plora as that of Brisbane prevails in this area, but many inhabitants of the New South Wales Plora enter our 158 CONTRIBUTION TO A SOUTH QUEENSLAND FLORA, territory without reaching Brisbane. Some of our northern forms of vegetation are here too localized. Thus it is like a place of meeting of the Northern and Southern Flora. There are few which are so local, as to have no representatives either South or North. From the few facts presented by the habitat of these plants, there is no room to make an attempt at generalization. Any particular remark which might be deemed worthy of notice will be appended after each plant. No new species are here described ; nor is it likely that we shall find many new ones in this locality. The South Queensland Flora is not isolated, since the South and North Flora meet here, and these being already known from the thorough search instituted elsewhere, little remains unknown. Neither are all the species here mentioned, which while existing elsewhere belong likewise to our Flora. Many in- accessible places are as yet unexplored, many scrubs are not as yet penetrated, many heights are not scaled, many swamps have not been waded through. If it falls to my lot to come by them, I shall present another handful of them, and thus help to a compilation of the Flora of this locality. Dilleniace^. Hihlertia dentata, E. Br. A southern plant, which extends from Victoria through New South Wales into Queensland. Only very sparingly to be found in South Queensland. The northernmost station in which I have met it is Tambourine mountain, thirty miles south of Brisbane ; it is more frequently to be seen as we proceed further South. It flowers very early in spring. Crucifer^e. Cardamine stylosa, DC. Like the preceding, a southern plant ; it is observed from the eastern coast of Tasmania, through Victoria and New South Wales. Its entrance into Queensland was first noticed by Mr. BY THE REV. B. SCORTECTIINI, L.L.B. 159 W. Hill, at Mount Lindsay. I have seen it growing plentifully at Tambourine Mountain, in localities where the scrub had been cleared. In August it was already in fruit. CAR YOPIIYLLE.E . Stelhria media, Willi. DC, Prod. I. 397. As Leichhardt found this on the plains of the Condamine, it is not, strictly speaking, a new member of the Queensland Flora : still no station was noted for it on the eastern side of the ranges. Its beautiful white star-like flowers break the dull monotony of the wet flats along the Albert River in the months of October and November. Malvaceae. Sida corrugata, Lindl., in Mitch. Three Exped., II , 13. This most variable plant flowers at Dugundan in November. Sterculiace^e. Sterculia diversifolia, Don., Gen Syst. I., 516. It flowers in October at Dugundan. Mdhania incana, Heyne : W. and Arn. Prod. 68. A small tropical shrub, flowering at Dugundau in the month of March. RlTTACE^E. Boroniapinnata, Sm., Tracts. 290, t. 4. I observed this first in a somewhat dwarfed state trailing on the ground at Nerang Creek, and met it again in Stradbroke Island in a stately form bordering the edges of swamps. A prettier and hardier shrub for ornamental cultivation is hardly to be obtained. Its flowering season runs from August to November. 160 CONTRIBUTION TO A SOUTH QUEENSLAND FLORA, Boronia parviflora, Sm. Tracts. 295, t. 6. Another southern Boronia entering into Queensland. To call it parviflora, seems to he a misnomer if applied to the Boronia which grows in Stradbroke Island. After all this might prove to be a large variety of the normal B. parviflora. This Stradbroke variety presents all the parts of B. parviflora proportionately larger. It flowers in August. Meliaceje. Owenia venosa, F. Muell. It grows plentifully on the eastern side of the dividing range at Coochin. Flowers and fruits seen in the month of October. Celastrinele. Celastrus bilocularis, F. Muol., in Trans. Phil. Inst., Vict. III., 31. The variety of C. bilocularis with sharply toothed leaves found growing in Warwick, is to be met with in the Dugundan scrub. From the Tweed (Moore) to the Dawson Eiver (F. Muell.) is its area of growth. Seen flowering in November. Stackhousie^e. Stachhousia oviminea, Sm., in Rees. Cycl. XXXIII. A member of the Brisbane Flora too. In wet sandy places it grows along the Logan road. To be met also on Stradbroke Island. It flowers in November, Leguminosje. Bossiaea heterophi/lla, Vent. Jard. Cels. t. 7. Seen at Burleigh Heads in low, wet, sandy ground, and on Stradbroke Island about sandy ridges. Crotolaria humifusa, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5421. BY THE BEV. B. SCORTECHINI, L.L.B. 161 Very seldom to be met with. I have seen only one patch flowering in May, on the Logan Eiver. Mr. Bailey gathererd some specimens of it at Enoggora near Brisbane. TJraria picta, Desv. DC, Prod. II., 324. Only one specimen, which was got near Beenleigh. Cassia Brewsteri, F. Mnell., 4 Ann. Eep. 17. It grows at Tallebudgera to a high slender tree in scrubs. At Coochin it does not exceed ten feet high, growing among rocks. Its leaflets are more numerous than those of the normal species, minutely hoary and tomentose. The inflorescence is glabrous. This small variety deserves cultivation, as a prettier sight can hardly be desired. The luxuriance of its golden yellow racemes gracefully drooping, mingled with the deep green of its pinnate leaves claims for it a prominent place in flowering shrubberies. It is in full bloom in November. Pithecohbium glandiflorum, ? Benth., Flor. Austr. II., 424. Only seen in fruit, of which no description exists anywhere. It might prove a new species when the flowers can be examined. This good-sized shrub grows along the banks of Tallebudgera Creek. The annular pods, red-yellow outside, orange inside, the outer edge crenate, opening and exhibiting the shining, black and ovate seeds like a set of ebony teeth, give a charming appearance to the whole shrub, when they hang in profusion among its verdant, dense foliage. The branches bear invariably one pair of pinnae in a long petiole, and each pinna two or three pairs of leaflets of greater consistency, and more markedly veined than those of P. pruinosum, acuminate, from three to five inches long, and nearly sessile. EoSACEjE. Rubus Moorei, F. Muell., Frag. IV., 29. K 162 CONTRIBUTION TO A SOUTH QUEENSLAND FLORA, Plentiful on the southern side of Tallebudgera Creek, but never seen on the northern side. Saxifrages. Schizomeria ovata, D. Don, in Edin. Phil. Journ. 1830. In scrubs a few miles past Nerang Creek to New South "Wales, generally a low shrub, though about Burleigh Heads, it grows to a good sized tree. It flowers in October. Bauer a cwpitata, Ser. in DC. Prod. IV., 13. A small erect shrub growing near swamps close to Burleigh Heads along with Calytlirix tetragona, Strangea linearis, and many EricacecB. Droseraces. Drosera binata, Labill., Plant Nov. HolL, I., 78, t. 105. A gigantic variety growing in swamps in Stradbroke Island. Nearly three feet high. Seen in flower in the month of October. COMBRETACES. Ziimnitzera racemosa, "Willd., DC. Prod. III., 22. A tropical plant, which attains the proportion of a tree on the coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria, but can scarcely raise its head above the muddy ground near Cleveland, not many miles east of Brisbane. Myrtaces. Calytlirix tetragona, Labill., Plant. Nov. Holl. II., 8. This pretty little plant, which was well known in all Australian Colonies, except Queensland, has been observed by me growing abundantly at Burleigh Heads. It chooses for itself sandy soil bordering swamps. "Were it not for its fugacious corollas, and the brown reddish hues which the calyx with its filamentous lobes takes, rendering thus this little shrub not altogether BY THE REV. B. SCORTECHINI, L.L.B. 163 sightly, it should be numbered among ornamental plants. Cultivation might remedy these defects. It flowers in October. Zeptospermum abnorme. F. Muell., Herb. It is with some hesitation that I introduce this plant into the South Queensland Flora. Its characters do not altogether answer the description of the typical L. abnorme. Stradbroke Island. Syncarpia laurifolia, Ten. Between Tallebudgera and Nerang Creek. Myrtus raccmulosa, Benth., Fl. Aust. III., 276. At Tallebudgera among scrubs, flowering profusely in the month of November. Onagrarie;e. Epilobium junceum, Forst., in Spreng. Syst. II., 233. Not very common along the Logan River, and Christmas Creek. Ficoidei. Mesembryanthemum aequilaterale, Hook., Fl. Tasm. I., 146. Common along the sea-coast from Nerang Creek to Burleigh Heads. Umbellifer^e. XantJwsia pilosa, Eudge, in Trans. Lin. Soc. X., 131. Stradbroke Island. ARALIACEiE. Panax cephalobotrys, F. Muell., Frag. II., 83. Tallebudgera. COMPOSIITE. Calotis scapiyera, Hook., in Mitch. Trop. Aust. 75. On the Coochin Coochin flats. 164 CONTRIBUTION TO A SOUTH QUEENSLAND FLORA, Brachycome basaltica, F. Muell., Frag. I., 50. Very seldom met with on sandy ridges near the Logan Eiver. Ammohium datum, E. Br., in Bot. Mag. t. 2459. Coochin Coochin. Cymbonotus Lawsonianus, Gaudich. The wet flats of Dugundan are sparsely studded with the yellow flowers of this humble composite. Found also abundantly on the Darling Downs, near Toowoomba. It seems to cross the ranges down its eastern slopes, and advances no further east than Dugundan along the Teviot Brook. GoODENOVIEiE. Sccsvola suaveolens, E. Brown, Prod. 585. The sandy beach which from Nerang Heads goes to Point Danger at certain spots is carpeted by patches of this lovely plant. Although its habitat at Moreton Island was known, I find no mention of it in localities within my area. Sccevola microcarpa, Cav., Ic. VI., t. 509. Among stony ridges at Coochin Coochin, as also at the Upper Albert Eiver near Nindooimba. C AMP ANUL ACEjE . Lobelia anceps, Thunb., DC, Prod. VII., 375. Commonly met with at Burleigh Heads, Cleveland, Stradbroke Island, in all kinds of situations. Epacride-s:. Leucopogon segiter, E. Br., Prod. 545. JEpacris pulchella, Cav., Ic. IV., 26, t. 345. Both these Epacrida grow in marshes at Burleigh Heads, and Stradbroke Island, near Dunwich. BY THE EEV. B. SCORTECHINI, L.L.B. 165 PEIMULACEiE. Samolus repens, Pers. Syn. I., 171. Under the shade of Avicennia officinalis and Brugniera Reedii, bathed by the tide. Mr. Bailey and I found this lovely Samolus growing both at Cleveland and Stradbroke Island. APOCYNEiE. Alstonia mollis, Benth., PL Aust. IV., 315. The difference between this and A. constricta is so slight, that they might well be thrown into one species. They both abound in a valuable medicinal bitter principle. It grows near the Logan River, and A. constricta at Lytton. SoLANACE-ZE. Solarium semiarmatum, P. Muell., Prag. II., 163. Solarium campanulatum, R. Br., Prod. 446. SCROPHULARINE^E. Mimulus gracilis, R. Br., Prod. 439. On all the damp flats along the Albert and Logan Rivers, this little Mimulus abounds. I never met it yet on the north side of the Logan. Specimens can be seen, branched, and over one foot high, but generally it bears out the specific description. It begins flowering in October, goes through November, and even in December some late flowers are seen decking moist prairies. Con volvulacejE . Ipomea pes-cajwce, Roth., Nov. Sp. PI. 109. Its long trailing stems crossing the creeping stems of Vignca lutea form a net of verdure on the white sands of the sea-shore near the mouth of Nerang Creek. The yellow flowers of one mingling with the purple bells of the other present a pretty sight on that barren ground. 166 CONTRIBUTION TO A SOUTH QUEENSLAND FLORA, Ipomea Turpethum, P. Br., Prod. 485. The foliage, inflorescence, capsule and seed point, to this species, but only after the examination of its flowers could it be claimed with certainty as a member of the South Queensland Flora. In the scrub, which crowns the summit of Burleigh Heads, this luxuriant twiner climbs the heights of trees, falls down in festoons, and then trails among stones. It must flower about February or March. Labiate. Zycopus aiistralis, P. Br., Prod. 500. It flowers in January along the Logan Piver. Prostanthera lasionthos, Labill., PI. Nov. Holl., II., 18, t. 157. In gullies near Mudgerda Creek, and Coomora Piver is sparsely scattered this shrub, which in these localities attains the height of ten feet. In Tasmania it is a conspicuous tree. Its scented leaves, and never ceasing supply of flowers, which succeed each other in profusion for three months of the year should make this plant a favourite with lovers of garden flowers. Tencrium corymbosum, P. Br., Prod. 504. At the top of Tambourine Mountain it grows to be a nuisance to farmers. If allowed to take hold in cultivated ground it will prove a troublesome weed. It flowers in December and January. Phytolaccaceze. Phytolacca octandra, Linn. Closo by stockyards, in broken up ground, and by the road side, especially if through scrubs, this introduced plant is to be seen near Tallebudgera, and the Coomera. Mr. Bailey has found it growing near Brisbane, by the threo mile scrub. BY THE REV. B. SCORTECHINI, L.L.B. 167 PB.0TEACE.a3. Strangea linearis, Meissn., in Hook., Kew. Misc. VII., 66. I met first only one specimen of it on the sandy hills of Stradbroke Island. But on the edges of marshes close to Burleigh Heads, it seems to have its head- quarters, such is the abundance of its growth there. All the examined follicles are monospermous. It flowers in December. EuTHORBIACEjE. Euphorbia pilulifera, Linn. In many localities. Mr. Bailey first discovered it in South Queensland some time ago on Taylor's Eange. It springs up plentifully in burnt country before other vegetation appears. It is said to be a remedy against asthma. The attention of medical men should be directed to this, and other Euphorbias, with which we abound. Croton phebalioides, P. Muell. It edges Dugundan scrubs along the Teviot Brook, and it is plentiful in Barr Scrub near Beenleigh. It flowers in November and December. OrCIIIDEjE. Dipodium HamiUonianum, Bailey, Ined. This pretty orchid, which Mr. Bailey on our last trip to Dunwich discovered at Stradbroke Island, has been again found by me growing on sandy hills near the Logan village. Its stature is more diminutive than the Dunwich specimens, and the flowers less numerous. It blooms in December. Pterostylis acuminata. E. Br., Prod. 326. Near the Logan village, flowering in the month of April. 168 CONTRIBUTION TO A SOUTH QUEENSLAND FLORA, B URMANNIACE-3E . Burmannia juncea, Sol., in R. Br., Prod. 265. As the station for this Burmannia given in the Austr. Flora is so remote from our locality, it might be doubtful whether the little filiform Burmannia, which grows in such an abundance in wet ground near the Logan River, be B. juncea, or B. disticha. Still considering the specific characters, which differentiate both, no doubt can be left in the mind of those who observe these forms as to the identity of this with B. juncea, and its separation from B. disticha. The two grow side by side. A casual observer would not confound them. If this Burmannia be a degenerate form of B. disticha, because of climatic influences, and difference of soil, how are we to explain the luxuriant growth of B. disticha on the same spot, under the same climatical conditions ? Mr. Bailey quite concurs with me in the opinion that this cannot be separated from B. juncea. It flowers from April to September. IrIDEjE. Libertia paniculata'i Spreng., Syst. I., 168. Siill a doubt remains in my mind, whether this plant, or its congener L. pulchella, be the one I gathered on the Coomora. The only specimen I happened to find, having been mislaid, I am unable to identify it with either one or the other. It flowers in December. Amaryllide/e. Crinum flaccidum, Herb., in Bot. Mag. 2121 and 2133. The bulb of this Crinum not seen by Bentham is obovate and buried four or six inches below the surface. Its small diameter measures one or one and a-half inches. The perianth lobes are obovate, those of C. pedunculatum, being linear. The style measures one-third of the stamens, whereas that of C '. pedunculatum goes as high as two thirds of them. In the month of December BY THE REV. B. SCORTECHINI, L.L.B. 169 it grows plentifully on the slopes of sandy hills near the Logan Village, Tambourine, Dugundan. LlLIACEiE. Blandfordia fiammea, Hook., Bot. Mag., 4819. This beautiful plant lifts up its head of drooping flowers in marshy places near Burleigh Heads, and Nerang Creek. It grows together with its larger variety aurea. The swamps north of Dunwich present a grand appearance when in the months of December and January these Blandfordiae are in full bloom. No garden ought to be without this flower, as for beauty it can vie with the best of the lily tribe. Tricoryne platypiera, Eeichb. This cannot be confused with T. anceps, as the stems, besides being slightly flattened, carry wings of about two lines. It grows near Eight Mile Plains. Caesia vittata, E. Br., Prod. 277. In grassy flats all over the country south of the Logan Eiver. Alismaceje. Damasonium australe, Salib. In marshy places near Tambourine. Lycopodiace^e. Lycopodium cernuum, Linn. Plentiful in the swamps of Stradbroke Island, seldom to be met with at Burleigh Heads ; seen at Eight Mile Plains. NOTES AND EXHIBITS. Mr. Whittell exhibited a fine collection of Insects and Birds' Eggs, collected in the Albert and Darling Districts. L 170 NOTES AND EXHIBITS. Mr. Brazier exhibited Ancylus Cunninghami, and a supposed new species of Gundalucnia, collected by Lieu. C. E. Beddome in Tasmania. The Hon. James Norton, a fungoid growth of great size from the bark of a Christmas tree. Mr. Woods, a portion of a pile, showing ravages of marine borers. Mr. Palmer, Aboriginal Weapons and Implements from Broad Sound, collected by Mr. T. Illidge, of St. Lawrence ; Potatoes showing inroads of Potato Moth, with pupa and perfect insect ; and a branch of a Chinese Pear tree with fruits from both the Autumn and Spring flowering. The former being pefectly matured, after remaining on the tree during the severe frosts of last winter. -» » WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 23rd, 1881. The President, J. C. Cox, Esq., M.D., F.L.S., in the Chair. Captain Maclear, of the H.M.S. "Alert," and Dr. Coppinger, R.N., were introduced as visitors by the President. MEMBER ELECTED. Dr. Alessandri, of the University of Pisa. DONATIONS. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of South Australia. f '«■'.« -• 171 papers read. a short resume of the results of anthropological and Anatomical researches in Melanesia and Australia. (March, 1879 — January, 1881.,/ By N. De Miklouho-Maclay. After I had left Sydney in March, 1879, 1 visited the following islands : New Caledonia, Lifu ; of the New Hebrides : Tanna, Vate, Tongoa, Mai, Epi, Ambrini, Malo, Vanua Lava ; of the Admiralty Islands : the groups — Lub (or Hermit), Ninigo (Echiquier), Trob riant ; the Solomon Islands ; the islands at the south-east end of New Guinea, and the islands of Torres Straits.* Only a very few of the results of the journey can be com- prehended in a short resume; of these, the first two of the following appear to me to be the most important: — 1. Many islands of Melanesiaf (especially some of the islands of the New Hebrides, of the Solomon Group, of the Louisiades, New Ireland, &c, &c), possess a well-marked brachycephalic population (the breadth- index of many heads exceeds 80, and sometimes even 85), which circumstance is assuredly not ascribable to a mixture with another race, and proves that brachycephalism has a much wider range in Melanesia than has been hitherto supposed. This is a result of numerous careful measurements of heads and skulls]: of the aboriginals of different islands of Melanesia. 2. Although in some villages of the Southern coast of New Guinea there is *A more detailed account of the route, of the time spent at the different places, with sketch maps of the routes and other details, will be found in my communications to the Imperial Russian Geographical Society, in the Jswestija of the Society. fBy the name " Melanesians," I designate exclusively the frizzy-haired inhabitants of the South Sea Islands. Jin order to eliminate any doubt as to the correctness of the cranial measurements on living individuals, I have not neglected to collect a con- siderable number of undoubtedly authentic skulls from New Caledonia, New Guinea, the Admiraltys, Ninigo, and Solomon Islands. 172 ANTHROPOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL RESEARCHES, noticeable a Polynesian admixture, yet this circumstance b}r no means permits of the aboriginals of the south-eastern peri insula (who are a branch of the Melanesian stock) being called a " yellow Malayan race," as has been frequently done of late years. 3. An acquaintance with the languages of the group Lub (or Hermit) and the dialects of the Northern coast of the large island of the Admiralty Group, as well as the native traditions of the former, has shown that the population of the group Lub emigrated from the x\dmiralty Islands. Further acquaintance with the natives of Lub proved that there is among them a Polynesian admixture, which has resulted from the carrying off of the women of the group Ninigo, and from a frequent intercourse with the inhabitants (also a Melano-Polynesian race) of the smaller group Kaniet or Kanies (or Anchorites). My stay among the inhabitants of the Admiralty Islands has afforded me a glimpse into many interesting customs of the islands ; but an account of these observations and researches cannot be condensed within the compass of a few sentences. To this series of results belong also the observations which I never neglected to make during the journey in Melanesia, whenever the opportunity presented itself — especially observations on their customs, such as the deformation of the head, tattooing, perforation of the septum nariurn, ahe nasi, lobes and margins of the ears. I have also succeeded in making further observations, and obtaining more information, on the macrodontism in the Admiralty and Lub islands. On my way back from the islands of Torres Straits I visited Brisbane, where, at first I only intended to remain a few days. Here, however, a favourable opportunity presented itself of acquiring some interesting anatomical material for my anthropo- logical researches, which circumstance induced me to prolong my stay for several months. I found, namely, that there was a possibility of continuing my researches on the comparative anatomy of the brain of the different varieties of the genus homo, which were commenced in 1873 in Batavia and resumed in Sydney in BY N. DE MIKLOUHO-MACLAY. 173 1881. Although the material in question consisted only of three brains, yet I find that this new contribution to our knowledge of race-anatomy supports the view which I may briefly summarize as follows : — The investigation of the brains of representatives of different races of men shows that there occur peculiarities of by no means trifling import, which one cannot regard as individual variations. To this category belong differences in the development of the corpus callosum, of the pons varolii, of the cerebellum ; differ- ences in the volume of the cranial nerves, and so forth ; also the arrangement of the convolutions of the cerebrum is different, and I believe that in course of time it will probably be discovered that there exist certain definite types of cerebral convolutions corres- ponding to the principal varieties of mankind. In order to discover those types much material will require to be conscienti- ously examined ; and I hope that my investigation will induce other anatomists to work in this direction to prove or to disprove this statement, which in the present state of our knowledge can only be more or less hypothetical. On my way from Thursday Island I let slip no opportunity of examining, measuring, and photographing the remnant of the Australian aboriginals ; and hearing it stated in various quarters that there were living in the interior of Queensland certain natives, described as devoid of hair, I thought the problem of a possible occurrence of a hairless stock among the aboriginals worthy of a personal investigation. I have written to Professor Virchow, of Berlin, at length concerning my examination of this hairless family, which I found at Grulnarber Station, near St. George, on the Belonne River. This was made considerably easier for me by the kind assistance of Mr. G. M. Kirk, of Gulnarber Station. As regards this instance of natural, and in this case hereditary atrichia universalis among the Australian aboriginals, I will only remark that it forms an interesting antithesis to the well-known cases of excessive hypertrichosis. In order to work quite without disturbance, availing myself of the kind hospitality of the Hon. J. P. Bell, I went to Jimbour, 174 ANTHROPOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL RESEARCHES, near Dalby, where I was able for some fourteen days in absolute quiet to revise my travelling notes, and to overtake my neglected correspondence. With a view of pursuing comparative anatomical researches on the brain of the Marsupials, I went from Jimbour to Pikedale, near Stanthorpe, where I succeeded during a stay of almost six weeks in acquiring for my cerebral investigations some material which is almost impossible to obtain in the cities, such as Brisbane or Sydney, and which, as I have learnt by my own experience, cannot be obtained even in the bush with great ease and quickness. I succeeded, however, in obtaining a number of brains of some species of the genera — Maeropus, Osplwanter, Halmaturus, Petrogale, Phascolarctus, as well as a few brains of Ornithorhynchus and Echidna. At the end of December, last year, still availing myself of the kind hospitality of Mr. Donald Gunn, I went on to his other Station, Clairvaul, near Glen Innes, with the intention of collecting some fossils, and without great trouble, I got a series of interesting remains of Diprotodon australis, Nototherium MitcheUii, Plwscolomys gigas, Maeropus titan, &c, &c. Referring to the work done in Queensland, I will not neglect this opportunity to express, in the " name of Science," my most sincere thanks to all who have assisted me in my scientific work — the more so, that, through this assistance, I have been enabled to obtain much more satisfactory results than would otherwise have been the case. Especially important for me was the permission accorded me by the Queensland Government to use the old museum as a laboratory, and the use of the photographic apparatus of the Survey Office, where I obtained the excellent photographs of the brain which are exhibited. Among many in Queensland whose kindness I have experienced, I must mention, with especial gratitude, the name of the celebrated Australian traveller, Mr. A. C. Gregory, C.M.G. The six weeks of my stay at his residence, Eainworth, were for me both instructive and BY N. DE MIKL0UH0-MACLAY. 175 pleasant, owing to his extensive knowledge of different branches of science, and his wide experience as a traveller. When I received in May, 1880, in Thursday Island, a letter from my friend, Mr. "William Haswell, informing me that the Zoological Station in Sydney was not established, I determined not to leave Australia before the scheme had been carried out. Detained in Queensland by the work already referred to, I only arrived in Sydney in January of this year, and now, after a stay of one month, I have the pleasure to announce that I have every reason to believe that the Zoological Station at Watson's Bay will be opened in a short time. My stay in Brisbane has once more caused me to feel the necessity of such an institution for the biologist. I could expatiate at length on the advantages of a Zoological Station, but I content myself with remarking that, in spite of my great dislike to waste my time, I was obliged to spend many days, even weeks, in Brisbane and Sydney without the possibility of working, on account of the want of a suitable place. (Here I must express my thanks to Sir Henry Parkes for placing at my disposal the cottage in the Exhibition Ground — one of the present " temporary Zoological Stations.") I repeat again my conviction, grounded on long experience, that " the immediate need is not of apparatus or libraries, but of a place for undisturbed work."* I hope to be able, not later than in two months, to work in the Zoological Station in Watson's Bay. I am convinced that many men of science will avail them- selves of it in future years ; and I am satisfied to leave for future generations such a memento of my stay in Sydney as the fast Zoological Station in Australia. *Vide " Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South "Wales," '26th August, 1871. 176 zoology of the solomon islands, Notes on the Zoology of the Solomon Islands, with DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEW BlRDS. — Part II. By E. P. Eamsay, F.L.S., C.M.Z.S., &c. Having recently received a small collection of Birds from the Solomon Islands, I Leg to lay before the Society a few remarks on the avifauna of that Group, with descriptions of such species as appear to me to be new. For the specimens under consideration I am chiefly indebted to Lieutenant Eichards, E.N., of H.M.S. "Eenard." GRAUCALUS ELEGANS, Sp. tlOV. Graucalus hjpoleucus, Eamsay, P.L.S., of N.S.W. This species, so closely allied to G. hypoleucus, Gould, differs chiefly in having the jet black of the loreal region much broader and extending conspicuously below the eye, but does not reach the hinder margin of that organ ; the bill is comparatively larger ; the shoulders and wing-coverts are ashy-grey like the back ; the chin and the whole of the under surface pure white, except the faintest tinge of grey across the chest ; bill and legs black. Length 9 inches ; wing 5*35; tail 4*5; tarsus 0*8; bill, from forehead 1*1, from gape 1*1, from nostril to tip 0-7. Hal. Gaudalcanar, Solomon Islands, collected by J. Cockerell, junior. Graucalus sublineatus, Sclaler, (P.Z.S., 1879, p. 448, pi. xxxvi.) One specimen, male, this agrees in many respects with my description of the female of G. solomonensis (i.e. G. pusillus, P.L.S. N.S.W., Vol. IV., pt. 1.), but is considerably larger and the white cross lines do not extend so far up the breast. Black cross lines show on the lower part of the abdomen, but not on the upper ; the spot in front of the eyes black. Length 9-2 inches; wing 5-35 ; tail 4-4 ; tarsus 1*05 ; bill from forehead 0-85. Hal. Solomon Islands. BY E. P. RAMSAY, F.L.S,, ETC. 177 Edoliisoma SP. ? Graucalus monotonus, Tristram, Ibis, 1879, p. 441. Edoliisoma marescotii, Ramsay, P.L S., N.S.W., IV. p. 71. "We have a male of this species of Edoliisoma, which agrees well with Mr. Tristram's description of Graucalus monotonus. It is of a uniform dark slaty-blue, wings and tail black, inner margin of the webs of the wing-quills below ashy-brown at the base, outer webs of primaries and secondaries like the back — centre tail feathers brownish, tip black ; outer feather on either side margined at the tip with an ashy tint. The female, cinnamon-brown on the head, hind-neck, and back ; wings black, broadly margined with cinnamon-rufus on both webs above and below, the tail of a richer tint of cinnamon, shaded near the centre of the inner webs towards the base with ashy, lores and a spot behind the eye blackish-brown ; chin, throat, under wing and tail-coverts and the rest of the under surface light cinnamon rufous. Female. — Total length 8*3 ; wing 4*3 ; tail 3*7 ; tarsus 0-95 ; bill 0-95 inch. Male. — Total length 8-3; wing 4-4; tail 3-6; tarsus 0-9; bill 1" inch. It is not improbable that this is the Edoliisoma salomonis of Tristram, (Ibis 1879, p. 440), and that the discription has been taken from an immature specimen of a female. Symmorphus apfinis, Tristram, (Ibis, 1879, p. 440.) This specimen, a female, seems to be identical with the "Lalage sp." mentioned in my paper on the Birds of the New Hebrides, (P.L.S. of N.S.W., Vol. III., p. 338) the uropygium is however all white, but it has less white on the tips of the tail feathers. PlEZOKHYNCHTTS RlCHARDSII, Sjp. n0V. All the upper surface of the body, wings, and tail black, wings and tail below blackish-brown, the breast and all the under 178 ZOOLOGY OF THE SOLOMON ISLANDS, surface cinnamon rufous ; the throat, chin, chest, lores, the fore- head, and earcoverts black ; eyelashes black ; the occiput, nape, and hind-neck, and a ring round the eye white ; the white from the hind-neck extending on to the sides of the neck, but not meeting on the throat. Bill blue, legs and feet black. Total length 5 '7 ; wing 2*95 ; tail 2*55 ; tarsus 0*7 ; bill from forehead 0-7. Hob. Island of Ugi. This very distinct and beautiful species I propose to dedicate to my friend Lieut. Eichards, E.N., who has done much to add to our knowledge of the Birds of the Pacific. Ehipidttra rtjbrofrontata, Eamsay. R. russata, Tristram, Ibis 1879, p. 440. On comparing the type with others recently received, I find that the original specimen is not quite adult ; the rufous chestnut of the back extends up to the hind-neck, covering the interscapular region ; the black of the chest is reduced to a semilunar pectoral band, the breast is of a clearer white, and the flanks and abdomen are slightly tinged with rufous ; the centre two tail feathers are not, or but very slightly tipped with white. This bird was described by me under the specific name of rubrofrontata, and not as quoted by Count. Salvadori, rufrofronta. I do not hold myself responsible for printers' errors or for the digest of my paper sent to Nature. This species is undoubtedly the same as Mr. Tristram's R. russata, my type specimen not being quite adult. Pacuycepiiala chrystophori, Tristram, Ibis 1879, p. 441. This is a good species, smaller than P. astrolahi (vel P. orioloides) and quite different in the females. P. orioloides has a black lino bordering the lower mandible, and head/^ Hack above. Myzomela Tristrami, sp. nov. M. jpammelama, Tristram, (nee. Sclater) Ibis 1879, p. 439. BY E. P. RAMSAY, F.L.S., ETC. 179 Adult male. A fine species above the average size, and of a uniform jet black colour, slightly shining ; on the under surface of the wing the primaries show a margin of ashy white on their inner webs, which is widest at the base and does not extend to the tips of the feathers ; the legs and feet black, the bill long and strong, curved, yellowish horn-colour, with the tip only black. Total length 4-8 to 5 inches ; wing 2-7 ; tail 1-95 ; tarsus 0-8. The young and the adult females have the under wing-coverts whitish, and the under surface more or less mixed with dull brown. This species is probably the Myzomcla pammelcena, mentioned by Mr. Tristram, (Ibis 1879, p. 439.) although that gentleman does not mention the yellow bill, which is not a sign of immaturity, as might be supposed, both adult males and females, as well as the young show this peculiarity. I have seen a smaller species, with a jet-black and more slender bill, from the South-east end of New Guinea. MYZOMELA rULCIIERRIMA, sp. 110 V. The whole of the head, neck, chest, breast and sides of the body as far down as the flanks, the central portion of the inter- scapular region, back, rump, and upper tail-coverts rich deep crimson ; a spot in front of the eye, the lower part of the flanks, central portion of the abdomen, under tail-coverts, wings and tail above and below, and the upper wing-coverts, black ; the basal portion of the inner webs of the primaries and secondaries below of an ashy tint, under wing-coverts blackish-brown. Total length 4-9 ; wing 2-6 ; taiTl'75 ; tarsus 0-7 ; bill from forehead 0-85. Hah. Ugi, Solomon Islands. This species comes near If. cardinalis and M. nigriventris, (Peale) but is quite distinct from either, chiefly in extent of the scarlet on the under surface of the body, which reaches nearly to the thighs, it is also quite distinct from M. rubratra, (Less.) 180 ZOOLOGY OF THE SOLOMON ISLANDS, Tephras olivaceus, sp. nov. Adult male. — General colour above uniform dull brown, -washed with olive, the forehead and sides of the face of a smoky-brown tint ; the wings and tail blackish-brown, washed with olive on the outer webs of the feathers, the inner webs of the quills and axillaries below margined with white, or ashy- white ; the throat, chest, sides, and flanks washed with light ashy-brown, becoming almost white on the abdomen, and under tail-coverts ; bill and legs black. There is no trace of white round the eye, the bill is long and pointed ; the tail not rounded ; the first and sixth primary quills are equal, and the third is equal in length to the fourth. Total length (skin) 4-6 inches ; wing 2-7 ; tail 1*93 ; tarsus 0-77. Bill from forehead 0-6. Sal. Solomon Islands. This is the second species of this interesting genus Tephras,* now known, and closely allied to the genus Zosterops. Nasiterna Finschii, sp. nov. The whole of the plumage of a rich grass-green, paler on the abdomen ; on the lower parts of the cheeks round the base of the lower mandibles the feathers are tinged with light greenish-blue ; under tail-coverts light rich yellow ; tail feathers blackish, outer webs green, the inner webs with a spot of bright yellow at the tip, decreasing in size to the fourth quill on either side ; the centre two feathers bluish-green, shafts black. Length 3 8 inhces ; wing 2*4 ; tail 1*25 ; tarsus 0-35 ; first toe (s.u.) 0*6 ; short hind toe (s.u.) 0-3. Sal. St. Christoval. Sex ? ?. This species comes near to the female N". heiensis, but has no trace of the yellow on the forehead which is green, uniform with the rest of the body, there is no black spot on the outer tail feathers. *Hartlaub and Finsch, P.Z.S., 1SG8, p. 6, pi. 3. BY E. P. RAMSAY, F.L.8., ETC. 181 LoRIUS CARDINALIS, Specimens have been obtained by Baron N. de M.-Maclay at the Eongador Eeef, 100 East of the Solomon Islands. The specimens were caught on the rigging of the schooner " Saidie F. Caller." Count Salvadori, has intimated that my Rhipidura Cocker elli, is not a good species (see Ibis 1880, p. 129.) hinting that it might be an accidental variety of Saaloprocta tricolor. I do hope that after handling some hundreds of specimens of S. tricolor in all its varieties, I am not likely to mistake a bird so very distinct ; has Count Salvadori compared my description with S. tricolor and S. motctcilloides ? The same remarks are applicable to his note on my Astur solocnsis, as being identical with A. etorques, of which latter I have seen over fifty skins from New Ireland and the Duke of York Group, &c. Living in a country where few works of reference are to be had, I am always glad to be set right as to matters of nomenclature, but I think my learned friends at the antipodes should wait until they have seen the specimens in question, or at least carefully compare the descriptions before expressing an opinion contrary to that of the author who has had the specimens before him. On some new Australian Marine Isopoda — Part II. By William A. Haswell, M.A., B.Sc. [Plates III. and IV.] Family IDOTEIM]. Genus Idotea. Idotea caudacuta, sp. nov., Plate IV., fig. 4. Length of body about three and two-thirds the greatest breadth. Head nearly twice as broad as long, front deeply concave. 182 ON SOME NEW AUSTRALIAN MARINE ISOPODA, Thoracic segments increasing slightly in breadth posteriorly. Epimera of first segment not distinct ; those of second, third and fourth small ; the rest larger ; those of the sixth and seventh segments produced to an angle posteriorly. Greatest breadth of the abdomen more than half the length ; in old specimens there is a low rounded mesial dorsal ridge ; the extremity narrowing suddenly and rounded in old specimens but sub-acute in younger. Internal antennae very short, scarcely reaching the extremity of the third -joint of the peduncle of the outer pair ; basal segment of the peduncle short and thick, quadrate ; second segment shorter and much narrower than the first ; third as long as the first, slender, cylindrical. External antennae nearly equal in length to the head and first six segments of the thorax ; three basal joints short and stout, fourth the longest ; flagellum longer than the peduncle, tapering, composed of about twenty articuli. Colour very inconstant, sometimes olive-green, sometimes rich brown variously marked with bands of dull yellow. Length of largest specimen If in. Sab. Griffiths' Point ; Port Philip ; Tasmania. The nearest described ally of this species appears to be /. stricta of Dana, from which it is distinguished, among other points, by the much greater number of joints in the outer antennae. Idotea excavata, sp. nou. Length of body about four and a-half times the greatest breadth. Head very small, much narrower than the thorax. Epimera of the last six thoracic segments distinct, increasing in size posteriorly — the last three acutely angulated behind. Abdomen about twice as long as broad, scarcely equal in length to the last four segments of the thorax, terminated posteriorly by a concave border bounded on either side by an acute tooth. Internal antennao short, a little longer than the three basal segments of the peduncle of the outer pair : flagellum shorter than the last segment of the peduncle. Outer antennte about BY W. A. HASWELL, M.A., B.Sc. 183 two-thirds of the length of the hody; the peduncle slightly compressed dorso-ventrally, the two last joints nearly equal in length, longer than the others ; flagellum composed of about twenty articuli. Length If in. Hah. Tasmania (Australian Museum). Allied to /. elongata, Miers, but having the thorax very much broader in proportion to the length. Fam. SPHJEKOMIDiE. Genus Cilioea, Leach. The following four species together with two described in the first part of this paper all agree with the Ciliccea Latreillii, of Leach in having the penultimate segment of the abdomen pro- longed, at least in the males, into a process or spine, in having the last segment dilated anteriorly, and more or less excavate at the apex — the excavation being with or without a central lobe — and in having the outer ramus of the uropoda incapable of folding under the inner. Of these C. tenuiccmdata, C. crassicandata and C. crassa agree with one another and with Leach's species, and differ from the other three, in having the immobile ramus of the uropoda rudimentary ; but C. crassa again differs from C. tenui- caudata and C. Latreillii, and agrees with the other species mentioned, in having a mesial lobe in the centre of the posterior abdominal notch. Such differences are regarded as of generic value in this family, but for the present I prefer to retain all the species mentioned in the genus Ciliccea — the common characters afforded by the produced abdominal segment and other points constituting them a sufficiently natural group. 1. CilicEea hystrix, sp. nov., Plate III., fig. 1. Head and body armed above with numerous slender, needle- like spines. Head short and broad, armed anteriorly with close- set, short, delicate spines, and with a pair of thicker bifurcate horns 184 ON SOME NEW AUSTRALIAN MARINE ISOPODA, directed upwards, forwards, and outwards near the posterior margin. First segment of the thorax with a similar pair of bifurcate horns, its lateral border prominent, tridentate ; following segments short, each with a single transverse row of slender spines, the lateral angles very acute — that of the fifth segment bifurcate. First abdominal segment with two prominent spines on its proximal dilated portion — the posterior process extending nearly as far as the extremity of the abdomen, forked at the tip. Last segment with two rounded elevations, each armed with several spines, with a deep, rounded terminal notch, immediately above which is a a prominent spine. Eyes large and prominent ; antennce subequal, nearly one-third of the length of the body. Mobile ramus of uropoda bifurcate, the outer branch short, tooth- like, the inner long, slender, spinif orm ; immobile ramus broad proximally, but slender and spinif orm distallj , its outer border armed with two acute teeth, its inner with one. Length £ in. Sab. Port Stephens — five fathoms (Australian Museum). 2. Cilicrea spinulosa, sp. nov., Plate III., fig. 3. Head large and dilated, covered with rounded and pointed tubercles. Pirst segment of the thorax much broader than the rest, armed with a number of short blunt spinules, and with a prominent bifid tubercle on either side ; its lateral process obscurely bilobed. Following segments each armed with a row of short spinules which are more numerous and smaller on the last three segments ; epimeral processes prominent, subacute, except that of the fifth, which is emarginate. First segment of the abdomen ornamented at the base with a double transverse row of tubercles ; posterior process finely granular, sub-cylindrical, slightly enlarged or bifid at the apex, extending far beyond the extremity of the abdomen, but not so far as the extremity of the uropoda. Terminal segment having its lateral dilatation armed with two short thick spinules ; terminal notch deep. Antennae sub-equal, about one-third of the length of the body. Uropoda BY W. A. HASWELL, M.A., B.Sc. 185 with, the movable ramus slender, bifurcate, the outer branch short, tooth-like, the inner longer, slightly curved outwards, sub- acute ; immobile ramus a little longer than the mobile ramus, broad at base, but tapering to the apex which is curved outwards and acute. Length £ in. Rob. Port Stephens and Port Jackson. A near ally of the preceding species. Specimens from the same localities which are probably the females of this species (Plate III., fig. 2.) or of C. hjstrix are distinguished by having all the spines of the body replaced by tubercles, by wanting the posterior process of the first abdominal segment, and by having the rami of the uropoda smaller. Cilicaea curtispina, sp. nov., Plate III., fig. 4. Surface smooth. Head large, strongly arched, First and fourth segments of the thorax much broader than the others ; epimera very distinct — their outer borders carinated. First segment of the abdomen finely granular, marked laterally with three depressed divisional lines, with two teeth on either side on its posterior border ; posterior process short, blunt, rounded. Terminal segment having the lateral elevations pointed ; terminal notch concealed from above by a prominent trilobed process the middle lobe of which is the largest. Internal antennae separated by a tolerably large lobe ; basal segment of the peduncle very large, more than half the length of the head, not much dilated, armed distally and internally with a blunt tooth ; second segment scarcely half the length of the first, armed terminally with three small teeth ; third segment very small ; flagellum much shorter than peduncle. Outer antennse more than a-third of the length of the body ; last segment of the peduncle the largest ; flagellum longer than peduncle. Mobile ramus of uropoda stout, truncate, armed with two acute teeth at its extremity and one about the middle of its outer border. Inner ramus very short, closely M 186 ON SOME NEW AUSTRALIAN MARINE ISOPODA, applied to the border of the terminal segment, ending in two sub-acute teeth. Length about £ an inch. Bab. Port Philip. Cilicsea crassa, sp. nov. Surface covered with rounded granules and a short pubescence. First segment of the thorax as long as the two following ; lateral angles of the thoracic segments rather prominent, sub-acute. Process of first abdominal segment very thick, closely applied and cemented to the surface of the last segment, extending beyond the apex of the latter and ending in a broad bifid extremity. Last segment of the abdomen with two conical elevations : terminal notch wide ; mesial lobe triangular, acute. Immobile ramus of uropoda rudimentary, mobile ramus notched externally towards the apex and with a low blunt tooth on the inner border. Colour light brown, with many of the granules and a line bordering the process of the first abdominal segment, bright crimson. Length 1 inch. Sab. Port Jackson. Genus Zuzara, Leach. Zuzara integra, sp. nov., Plate III., fig. 6. Male. — Surface nearly smooth. Body slightly depressed, increasing a little in breadth posteriorly, greatest breadth about half the total length. Head moderately convex, with a few flat granulations. First segment of the thorax nearly as broad as the two following ; all the segments of the thorax sometimes marked laterally with a series of faint longitudinal impressed lines, sometimes completely smooth. Epimera very distinct, their lateral angles produced, sub-acute, that of the penultimate segment much produced backwards. Last segment of the thorax produced in the middle line behind into a rather slender process, which is about equal in length to the three preceding segments, sub- cylindrical, but depressed dorso-ventrally, not dilated at the apex BY W. A. EASWELL, M.A., B.Sc. 187 which, is truncate. First segment of the abdomen short, with well-marked divisional lines. Last segment convex, marked in the middle line near the proximal border with a faint key-hole- shaped depression, surrounded by a very obscure, granular elevation ; terminal notch with a prominent narrow, clavate, mesial process. Inner antennre separated at the base by a very small frontal process ; basal segment of peduncle broad ; second shorter and narrower ; third slender, cylindrical, longer than the second, but not quite so long as the first and second together ; flagellum rather longer than the peduncle. Outer antennas with the peduncle stout, last joint the longest, flage}' am nearly twice as long as the peduncle. Rami of the uropodf thin and leaf -like, immobile ramus falciform with a trunca^ i apex ; mobile ramus ovate- lanceolate in outline, concave upwards with a raised margin, much longer than the inner, and extending far beyond the extremity of the abdomen. Female. — Differs from the male mainly (1) in wanting the posterior prolongation of the last thoracic segment, (2) in the absence of the terminal notch (3) in the smaller size of the uropoda the rami of which are nearly equal, the mobile ramus being capable of being entirely concealed under the inner. A common species in Port Philip ; also found in Tasmania. I have placed this and the following species in the same genus with Zumra diadema and Z. semi-punctata of Leach,* all three being characterised by the prolongation backwards of the last segment of the thorax in the male, and by the possession of a posterior mesial notch occupied by a slight median process. Both the species herein described have the outer ramus of the uropoda capable of folding underneath the inner. The present species differs from Z. semi-punctata in the process of the last thoracic segment not being granulous at the base or punctated above, and in having the outer ramus of the uropoda truncate instead of * Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles, tome xii., p. 344. 188 ON SOME NEW AUSTRALIAN MARINE ISOPODA, pointed. From Z. diadema it differs in not having the process of the last thoracic segment terminally dilated. Zuzara emarginata, sp. nov., Plate III., fig. 5. Surface nearly smooth, very finely punctate. Head rather prominent, narrowing gradually towards the front. First segment of the thorax not quite so long as the two following taken together; sixth segment as long as the first ; seventh segment very large, nearly concealing the abdomen ; median posterior process very long, extending far beyond the extremity of the abdomen, slightly curved downwards, emarginate at apex — a prominent, acute tooth on either side of the segment near the base of the process. Last segment of the abdomen with a rounded swelling on either side. Terminal notch deep — about one-sixth of the width of the abdomen ; mesial lobe very prominent, extending beyond the boundaries of the notch, truncate and faintly emarginate. Basal joint of the internal antennae very large, notch for second joint wide with a prominent tooth on either side ; third joint slender, not longer than the second, flagellum shorter than the peduncle. Outer antennae much longer than the inner, more than a third of the length of the body, fourth and fifth segments of the peduncle subequal, flagellum longer than the peduncle. Outer ramus of uropoda subovate — the outer border nearly straight, the inner convex, the apex subacute ; inner ramus of about the same length as the outer, bent directly backwards about the middle of its length, apex subacute ; both rami fringed with hair. Colour light red with darker spots on the thorax. Length £ inch. The females and young males have the seventh thoracic segment small, the posterior process short or absent, the mesial lobe less prominent, and the uropoda relatively smaller. Eab. Griffiths' Point, Western Port. This species is apparently a tolerably near ally of Cymodocea armata of Milne-Edwards*- (from Australia), but in the latter * Mist, nat. Crust., tome 3, p. 215, pi. 31, fig. 16. BY W. A. HASWELL, M.A., B.Sc. 189 species the posterior prolongation of the seventh thoracic segment is described and figured as conical, and the posterior lobe as bifid. Genus Cymodocea, Leach. Cymodocea bidentata, sp. nov. Body clothed with slender hairs which are scanty on the anterior thoracic segments, but longer (some about one-sixteenth of an inch) and more abundant on the abdomen and uropoda. Head strongly convex, smooth. First segment of the thorax longer than the two following together, ornamented with faint longi- tudinal lines of minute granules ; lateral border strongly ridged ; antero -lateral angle acute, postero-lateral rather blunt. Following thoracic segments more or less distinctly granular. First abdominal segment distinctly granular, produced backwards towards the middle dorsal line, with a short thick process on either side. Terminal segment with two large tubercles near the middle and a transverse line of three more near the distal extremity. Terminal notch wide, the median process prominent, broad, rounded at the extremity. Basal joints of the inner antennae oblong, granular, separated by an acute frontal process ; second joint small ; flagellum about equalling the peduncle in length. Outer antennae longer than the inner. Inner ramus of the uropoda longer than the outer, obliquely truncate, each terminating in a small acute spine. Length ^ inch. Hah. Griffiths' Point, Victoria. This species bears some resemblance to 0. Latreillii of Leach, but the blunt form of the terminal lobe, as well as the shape of the uropoda etc., sufficiently distinguishes it. Cymodocea trispinosa, sp. nov., PL ILL, fig. 7. Surface nearly smooth. Greatest breadth nearly half the length. First segment of the thorax scarcely so long as the second and third together. Outer border of all the thoracic segments ridged ; epimeron of last segment produced backwards into an uncinate 190 ON SOME NEW AUSTBALIAN MAKINE ISOPODA, process. First abdominal segment short, with the divisional lines distinct ; its posterior border with a wide shallow excavation bounded on either side by a rounded tooth with an obscure denticle internal to it. Last abdominal segment granular and hairy, with a low elevation about its middle. Posterior notch deep, its angles produced and acute, a little more prominent than the mesial lobe which is conical and acute. Outer ramus of uropoda longer than the inner, ovate-lanceolate, acute, inner extending beyond the extremity of the abdomen, acuminate. Colour uniform bight red. Length 7/16ths inch. Sab. Griffiths' Point, Victoria. Cymodocea coronata, sp. nov. Head and thorax as in C. bidentata, but with the hairs shorter. Abdomen rather depressed, covered with short hairs, ornamented with six small pointed tubercles arranged in a circle — two near the posterior border of the first segment, the rest on the second. Terminal notch very wide — nearly a third of the breadth of the abdomen : mesial lobe very large, dilated at its base, but narrowing towards its apex which is blunt. Mobile ramus of uropoda much shorter than the immoble ramus, sub-falciform, truncate. Inner ramus very long, extending far beyond the extremity of the abdomen, long-ovate, apex rounded. Length \ inch. Sab. Griffiths' Point, Victoria. An ally of C. aculeata, mihi, but distinguished, besides other points, by the greater relative shortness of the mesial lobe and the smallness of the mobile ramus of the uropoda. Cymodoeea tuberculata, sp. nov., Plate III., fig. 8. Greatest breadth exactly half the total length. Head and first segment of body smooth — the latter equalling in length the three following segments together. Last six segments of the thorax each ornamented with a regularly arranged row of tubercles — their epimeral portion clothed with a long pubescence. First BY W. A. HASWELL, M.A., B.Sc. 191 segment of the abdomen with two short triangular processes projecting backwards from its posterior border, separated from one another by an interval equal to a fifth of the breadth of the segment ; on either side of this another, less prominent, tooth. Last segment with two compressed, irregular elevations near its proximal end, each formed by a cluster of five teeth ; rest of the surface smooth. Lateral angles of the notch prominent, acute, projecting beyond the extremity of the mesial lobe, which fills up all the notch and is cemented to its borders except at the apex, which is rounded. Outer ramus of the uropoda very broad, spoon-shaped, closely fringed with hairs ; inner narrower and shorter, but projecting a little beyond the angles of the notch. Length about \ an inch. Hah. Port Stephens, five fathoms. Genus Sph^roma, Labr. Sphseroma ? acuticaudata, sp. nov., Plate III., fig. 9. Greatest breadth of body about two-thirds of the total length. Head broader than long, bordered anteriorly and laterally by a thickened margin which is continuous with the eye ; an obscure, mesial, longitudinal carina on the anterior half and a number of smooth, flattened tubercles. Surface of the thoracic segments smooth, each bordered with short hairs ; first segment not so long as the two following taken together ; lateral borders of thoracic segments carinate ; the postero-lateral angles acute. Last segment of the abdomen slightly dilated — an acute spine about its centre, below which is a transverse band of short hairs ; a deep, rounded median posterior notch, with prominent acute angles. Basal joint of internal antennae much compressed, not much longer than broad, separated from its fellow by a small rounded frontal lobe ; second joint sub-triangular, more than half the length of the first ; third about half the length of the second and slender ; flagellum rather shorter than the peduncle. Outer antennse more than half the length of the body ; terminal joint of the peduncle longer 192 ON SOME NEW AUSTRALIAN MARINE ISOPODA, than the rest. Outer ramus ofuropoda longer than the inner, projecting far beyond the extremity of the abdomen, lanceolate- acute, with an acute tooth on its inner border. Inner ramus extending slightly beyond the extremity of the abdomen, acuminate. Length £ in. Hah. Griffiths' Point ; Port Philip. Fam. msmm. Genus ^Ega, Leach. ^Sga cyclops, sp. nov. Surface finely punctured. Breadth about two-fifths of total length. Segments of the thorax subequal, epimera of last five produced behind to a point. Abdomen little narrower than the thorax. Terminal abdominal segment sub-triangular — the apex rounded. Eyes confluent, occupying nearly all the upper surface of the head. Uropoda with the outer ramus smaller than the inner, narrow, ovate-acute ; the inner broad and obliquely truncate; an acute triangular process arising from the peduncle extends beyond the middle of the inner rami. Length 7/16ths in. Hal. Port Jackson. Genus Cirolana, Leach. Cirolana lata, sp. nov., Plate IV., fig. 1. Surface finely punctured. Greatest breadth about half the total length. Head received into a depression in the anterior border of the first segment of the thorax. First segment of the thorax as long as the two following segments ; posterior segments all short ; epimera of last four produced backwards to an acute angle. Abdomen much narrower than thorax. Terminal segment triangular, sub-acute. Legs thick and very spinose. Outer ramus of caudal appendages much narrower than the inner, but of about equal length, sub-acute ; inner slightly sigmoid, sub- acute, armed with a tooth on its inner edge ; basal spine narrow, BY W. A. HASWELL, M.A., B.Sc. 193 acute, about half the length of the inner ramus. Length |ths inch. Hab. Off Broughton Islands, near Port Stephens, dredged in about twenty-five fathoms. fam. tanaim:. Genus Apsetjdes, Leach. Apseudes australis, sp. nov., Plate IV., fig. 2. Head broad ; a triangular acute rostrum between the bases of the antennae, vvith a mesial and two lateral shallow grooves ; a short spine in the middle of the epistome. Thoracic segments transverse, the epimera large, sparsely setose. Abdomen ornamented with a few longish fine hairs ; terminal joint as long as all the rest together, twice as long as broad, rounded at the extremity. First joint of the internal antennas long, compressed, longitudinally grooved ; second joint scarcely one-third of the length of the first ; third very small ; fiagellum as long as peduncle ; secondary fiagellum nearly two-thirds of the length of the principal fiagellum. Lower (outer) antennas scarcely longer than the fiagellum of the upper ; the second joint of the fiagellum the largest, a lamelliform ovate appendage fringed with slender hairs situated at its inner and distal angle ; third joint very small ; fourth nearly as long as the second, but narrower; last joint smaller than the fourth ; fiagellum equal in length to about two-thirds of the peduncle, ornamented with slender hairs. First pair of thoracic limbs with the merus, carpus and propodos compressed, the merus triangular with its distal border transverse, with a strong seta at each distal angle and a few fine hairs ; carpus smaller with its distal border oblique, a strong seta at its supero-distal angle ; propodos narrower than the carpus but longer, its distal border short, transverse, a strong spine on either side of the point of insertion of the dactylos ; rather compressed, slightly hooked at the end. Second pair of thoracic limbs with the basos very broad, a small tooth on its posterior border ; a 194 ON SOME NEW AUSTRALIAN MARINE ISOPODA, tooth on the lower border of the merus, carpus triangular, elongate, propodos dilated, its digital prolongation with a rounded lobe near the base. Length about ^- an inch. Sal. Broughton Islands, dredged in about twenty-five fathoms. Genus Paratanais, Dana. Paratanais tenuicornis, sp. nov., Plate IV., fig. 3. Antennee short ; inner pair stout, the basal segment about three times as long at the second, and the latter twice as large as the last, which is very small. Outer antenna? more slender than the inner ; last joint smaller than the penultimate, which again is as long as the two preceding taken together. First pair of legs very stout ; propodos curved, dactylos slightly geniculate. Caudal appendages short, flagellum with seven articuli. Length about £ inch. Sab. Port Stephens. Fam. AKCTUKIDiE. Genus Arcturus, Leach. Arcturus longicornis, sp. nov. None of the segments of the thorax greatly elongated. Head broader than long, longer than the first segment of the thorax ; frontal border deeply concave. A pair of pointed spinous tubercles on the head, on each segment of the thorax and on each of the first two segments of the abdomen. Terminal segment sub-acute, with a pair of rounded tubercles near its apex. Internal antennas longer than the head ; first segment of the peduncle short and thick, second and third segments sub-equal. Outer antenna) with the peduncle equal in length to the head and thorax — the fifth joint much longer than all the rest together. Length, exclusive of antenna, more than two inches. The somewhat mutilated specimen from which the above description was taken was in the Australian Museum collection without locality attached, but pinned on a sheet of cork together BY W. A. HASWELL, M.A., B.Sc. 195 with a number of specimens from Tasmania, and perhaps came from that colony. It differs from A. Baffinii, Sabine, as figured by Milne-Edwards, in the great length of the terminal segment of the peduncle of the outer antennae — the fourth and fifth segments being represented as sub-equal in the figure of that species. Arcturus brevicornis, sp. nov., Plate IV., fig. 5. Head rather shorter than the first three segments of the thorax, smooth ; first three segments of the thorax subequal, short, each with one or two minute, rounded tubercles above ; fourth segment much elongated, with a tubercle above — between the anterior end and the middle. Abdomen as long as the last three segments of the thorax. Outer antennae thick, about as long as the head and first four segments of the thorax, second and third segments subequal, fourth the longest, fifth longer than the second ; fourth and fifth each with three or four short setae below ; flagellum about two-thirds of the length of the last segment. Anterior limbs subequal, slender, first slightly stouter than the rest. Length of body about fths inch. Hah. Off Broughton Island, near Port Stephens, dredged in about twenty-five fathoms. Explanation of Plates III. — IV. Plate III. Fig. 1 . — Ciliccea hystrix X 3^. ,, 2. — Female of the same (?)x H- ,, 3 . — Ciliccea spinulosa. , , 4 . — Ciliccea curtispina X 4 . ,, 5. — Zuzara emarginata. , , 6 . — Zuzara integra X 3 . , , 7 . — Cymodocea trispinosa X 3£. ,, 8. — Cymodocea tuberculataX.3^. ,, 9. — Sphceroma acuticaudataXS?. 196 NOTES AND EXHIBITS. Plate IV. Fig. 1. — Cirolana lataY.4.. „ 2. — Apwudes australisY.4; 2a. — internal antennae ; 2b. — first pair of thoracic legs ; 2c. — second pair X 22. „ 3. — Paratanais tenuicornis X 4 ; 3a. — internal antennae ; 3b. — external antennae ; 3c. — caudal appendages ; 3d. — first pair of legs X 22. ,, 4. — Idotea caudacuta ; natural size. „ 5. — Arcturm brevicornis X 8 ; 5a. — first pair of legs ; 5b. — second pair of legs X 44. NOTES AND EXHIBITS. Baron Maclay exhibited photographs and dissections of the brains of a Malay, Chinaman, and Australian Aboriginal; drawings of the brain of Echidna Hystrix, and various marsupials ; photographs of the hairless family, Ballonne River ; and many other sketches and photographs made during his last tour. Dr. Cox exhibited a series of fossil seeds procured from a shaft sunk for gold at the Forest Diggings between Carcoar and Orange and at a depth of over 1 00 feet below the surface. They belong to the genera Pentonne, Spondylostrobus, Phymatocarzon, Phytidocarzon, and three not determined. Mr. Haswell exhibited the Isopoda described in his paper. Mr. Ramsay exhibited a large number of Solomon Island and New Guinea Birds. Mr. Brazier, C.M.Z S., — A Voluta mammilla from Tasmania, a young specimen three inches long ; also Part 9 of Vol. III., of Tryons Manual of Conchology (Tritonida). Hon. Wm. Macleay — A fine series of Gorgonias and rare shells from Endeavour and Torres Straits. NOTES AND EXHIBITS. 197 Dr. Cox desired to record the distribution of Leucosia splendida, described in Mr. Haswell's paper page 60, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W., Jan. 1879, which had recently been found in great numbers up the Tweed River, their habitat being damp leaves and sand just above water mark. Mr. Brazier exhibited a rare Helix from Travertine in Kent's Group, forwarded by Mr. T. Stephens for identification. It is allied to S. Aphrodite from the Solomon Islands belonging to the group Corasia, which is common in the Phillipine and Solomon Islands. The occurrence therefore of this form in the Travertine of the Kent's Group, indicates a very much warmer and indeed tropical climate as prevailing far to the southward during the time this Travertine was deposited. Mr. Palmer exhibited photographs of Blacks from the Lachlan, Edwards, Bogan, Murray, and other districts. ■» ♦■ WEDNESDAY, MARCH 30th, 1881. The President, Dr. J. C. Cox, F.L.S., in the Chair. Dr. Coppinger, Mr. Whittell, Mr. Chambers and Mr. Catton were introduced as visitors. MEMBERS ELECTED. Dr. P. Lucas, of Bank Street, Emerald Hill, Melbourne. Mr. J. R. Goldstein, Office of Titles, Melbourne. DONATIONS. Royal Society of Tasmania, Transactions for 1880. 198 DESCRIPTION OF A NEW LABROID FISH, Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard CoUege, Vol. 8, No. 2. Bremen Society of Natural History, Eeport for 1880. Eoyal Microscopical Society, London, Vol. 3, Nos. 6 and 6a. Meteorological Observations, Sydney, 1876 — 1879. Eeport of the Auckland Museum, 1880. PAPERS READ. Description of a new Labroid Fish of the G-enus Novacula, from Port Jackson. ByE. P. Eamsay, F.L.S., C.M.Z.S., &c. Fam. LABEID^S. Novacula jacksonensis, sp. nov. D. 2/7-12. A. 3-12. V. 1-5. Lat. line 28. Indications of scales on the cheek ; orbits and snout bare ; the two anterior dorsal spines flexible, produced — the second slightly longer than the first, quite separate from the rest of the rays ; the third shorter than the first ; the anterior contour of the head parabolic, edge sharp. The eye four and one-fourth diameters in the head, the head four and one-third lengths in the total ; the height of the body is about three times and one-third in the total length, its greatest height is opposite the ventral fins. The outer ventral ray is produced, reaching nearly to the anal. Anal rays twelve, the spines three, the first short and weak, the third the longest. Caudal fin rounded, the outermost rays on either side very short ; the last anal ray reaching to the base of the caudal. Pectoral fin five-sevenths the length of the head. Lateral line interrupted on the twenty-second scale, continued on the third row lower down on the body, over six scales, but not on to the tail, terminating two rows in front of the tail; from the vent there are ten to eleven rows below the lateral line and three to four rows above it ; there are thirty scales along the BY E. P. RAMSAY, F.L.S., ETC. 199 body, and about fifteen in an oblique line from the vent to the last dorsal spine. Two strong canine teeth in front in each jaw, the lower fitting in between the upper, the other teeth in both jaws well developed conical — no posterior canine tooth visible. Colour greenish opaline, almost translucent when alive, tinged with orange along the anal fin, and with an oblong, indistinct, orange patch behind the eye, commencing on the forehead above and anterior to that organ ; tail with alternate pale blue and dull orange bars, five in number ; indistinct pale lines of the same tints on the membranes of the dorsal and anal fins, faint indications of blue spots on the scales on the abdominal and caudal regions. Eye bright orange. This specimen is a young individual, with the coloration indistinct and but imperfectly developed ; the adult will probably be of a bright orange tint, with blue spots on each of the body- scales and blue and orange bars on the tail and fins. Caught at Manly Beach, Port Jackson. I believe that it is the first species of this genus recorded from Port Jackson. Note on the occurrence on the Coast of New South Wales of the Genus Mesenteripora, Bl., (Polyzoa CyclostomataJ . By William A. Haswell, M.A., B.Sc. Among an interesting series of Polyzoa obtained with the dredge off Broughton Islands to the north of Port Stephens during the recent dredging excursion organised by the Australian Museum, were a number of specimens of the remarkable cyclostomatous genus Mesenteripora. Most of them were attached to the laminee of a species of Biflustra, or the thick cylindrical branches of a species of Cellepora, which was obtained in large quantity. 200 ON THE OCCURRENCE OF MESENTERIPORA, The genus Mesenteripora was established by Blainville (Manuel d'Actinologie) for one recent and several fossil species of Poh/zoa which he regarded as allied to Eschara. Milne-Edwards (Ann. des Sci. Nat. 2d serie, tome ix., p. 226, 1838) pointed out their true affinities with the Cyclostomata, and D'Orbigny in 1852 (Prodr. de Palseont. stat.) described several fossil species from the Cretaceous of France, and subsequently (Paleontologie Francaise, tome v., 1852) added descriptions and figures of several more fossil species. In 1844, S. Wood (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., xiii., p. 14) had described a fossil species from the Crag which he named Diastopora meand/rina ; this species was afterwards described and figured by Busk (Fossil Polyzoa of the Crag, p. 109, pi. xvii., fig. 2, pi. xviii., fig. 4, and pi. xx., fig. 2 — 1859), and is said to have been obtained in the recent state off the coast of Greenland by Tor ell. In the species described by Blainville, Milne-Edwards, Wood, and D'Orbigny, the polyzoarium assumed a lamellate-foliaceous, erect character, which induced the first named author to regard the genus as having a place in the Escharidce. In the Australian variety on the other hand the polyzoarium never seems to assume this form. It is primarily flat and encrusting, growing outwards in a radiating or fan-like manner from the primary cell. In this stage the general form of the polyzoarium is very similar to that of Tuhulipora, and closely resembles the young stage of Mesenteripora meandrina as figured by Busk (1. c, pi. xx., fig. 9). At the periphery the cells are three or four deep, the upper ones sometimes free to a slight extent, but never very prominent ; wherever the lower layers come in contact with an obstacle (such as a Serpula-tube) there is a tendency in the upper cells to take a direction almost vertically upwards. The marginal cells are usually bilabiate, the lips being generally unequal and acute, but sometimes the peristome is circular and entire. The cells of the upper la3'er as the margin grows out beyond them become less prominent, though still projecting a little above the surface BY W. A. HASWELL, M.A., B.So. 201 of the polyzoarium, and become closed in by a punctated calcareous lamina, which grows over the mouth and is usually perforated in the centre by a slender projecting tube, the orifice of which is also sometimes in turn closed in ; this tube is usually about a sixth to an eighth of the whole diameter of the mouth, but sometimes much less, and projects from the mouth of the cell to a length equal usually to about four or five times its own diameter. The form of these cells is nearly that figured by Busk as occurring in M. meandrina, with the exception of the central tubule, the place of which seems to be taken in the latter by a simple pore with a slight raised margin. In process of growth the polyzoarium pushes out from its periphery radiating processes the cells in which have the same divergent tendency as in the original subcircular colony, and neighbouring processes as they widen come into contact in such a manner that the mouths of their marginal cells of each process are obliquely opposed to those of the margin of the contiguous process, and the result is that, in order to make room for further growth, there is a curving upwards of the margins of these processes as they come into contact — a thick septum being formed between the cells of the contiguous processes. The outcome of this mode of growth is the formation of a series of radiating, low, thick, ribs or walls rising from the plane surface of the polyzoarium — each rib essentially consisting of the upturned edges of two contiguous lobes of the latter, separated by a mesial vertical septum. The flat portion of the polyzoarium meanwhile grows out from between these ribs until by a repetition of the same process, a second series of ribs may become formed external to the first. These ribs are usually not very high, rarely projecting more than a tenth of an inch above the general surface ; a few of their marginal cells on either side are usually greatly elongated, projecting far beyond the others ; the septum projects as a thin lamina well up beyond the cells contiguous to it. N 202 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, As the present species appears to be distinct from M.meandrina* and does not appear to be identifiable with any of the strictly fossil species, I propose for it the name of M. repens in reference to its creeping habit. Note on a specimen of malformed Cyprcea. By J. Brazier, C.M.Z.S., &o. Cppraa poraria. Back very dark purple (destitute of the white dots and brown rings that are to be found in the typical form), base and the sides purple violet the inner and outer lips excavated very deep at each end, wide apart, produced in the middle ; the teeth white, eighteen on the outer lip, extending nearly across to the margin, some short, and others elongated ; fourteen on the columella side thickened and rounded at each end, aperture shaped like the figure eight. This specimen was found by Mr. R. C. Rossiter, on the reefs at the Island of Ouen, New Caledonia. Length 12. Alt. 7. breadth 9 lines. Descriptive Catalogue of the Fishes of Australia. By William Macleay, F.L.S., &c. Part IV. Order IV. PHYSOSTOML All the fin rays are articulated ; only the first of the dorsal and pectoral fins is sometimes more or less ossified. The ventral fins, if present are abdominal, without spine. Air-bladder, if present, ivith a pneumatic duct. * In general habitat it resembles Reticulipora dorsalis, of Waters ; but the form of the cells sufficiently distinguishes it. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 203 Family I. SILUKIDiE. Skin naked or with osseous scutes, but without scales. Barbels always present ; maxillary bone rudimentary, almost always forming the base of a maxillary barbel. Margin of the upper jaw formed by the intermaxillaries only. Suboperculum absent. Air-bladder generally present, communicating with the organ of hearing by means of the auditory ossicles. Adipose fin absent or present. Genus Plotosus, Lacep. A short dorsal fin in front, with a pungent spine ; a second long dorsal is united with the caudal and anal into one fin, which is pointed behind. Teeth in the upper jaw conical, on the vomer molar-like, in the lower jaw mixed. Barbels eight: one immediately before the posterior nostril, which is distant from the anterior, the latter being quite in front of the snout. Cleft of mouth transverse. Eyes small. The gill membranes are separate from each other, not attached to the isthmus." Branchial arches without particular cartilaginous posterior process and without posterior membrane. Ventral fins many-rayed. Head depressed. Coasts of Indian and Polynesian Seas. 802. Plotosus anguillabis, Lacep. Gunth., Cat. Pishes, V., p. 24.— Cant. Pishes Mai., p. 264. Plotosus arab, Bleek., Atl. Ichth. Silur., p. 98, tab. 95, fig. 2. B. 12. Pirst D. 1/4-5. Second D. + C.+A. 169-189. P. 1/11, V. 12. Vert. 12/35. The length of the head is about one-fifth of the total length (without the caudal fin), the height of the body one-seventh or one-eighth. Barbels not very long : those of the nostril extend to the eye, and those of the maxillary are about half as long as the head. Brown or black, generally with two white longitudinal 204 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN PISHES, bands, the upper of which, commences at the snout, and runs above the eye along the base of the dorsal fin ; the lower proceeds from the maxillary barbel along the middle of the side of the body. Vertical fins with dark margin. Moreton Bay, Endeavour Eiver, and Port Darwin. 803. Plotosus unicolor, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc, "Victoria, Vol. II., p. 141. Eight barbels, about as long as half the space from the anterior margin of the snout to the base of the first dorsal fin, those of the nostrils extending considerably behind the eye ; length of head over four times and two thirds in the total length, height of body over six times in the same ; the diameter of the eye less than half the length of the snout. Head rather pointed in front, the dorsal spine straight and acute ; rays of first dorsal, four. Ventrals rather long, of twelve rays ; pectorals of one long spine and nine rays. Colour uniform dark brown, almost black Length about seven inches. In waterholes in the interior of Western Australia. 804. Plotosus elongatus, Casteln. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. II., p. 237. Brisbane Eiver (fresh-water) Norman Eiver. Genus Neoplotosus, Casteln. All the characters of Plotosus, but with the teeth all similar ; soft, molar-like, they form a strip on the palate and a band on the vomer. Australia. 805. Neoplotosus Waterhousei, Casteln. Eesearches on the Eishes of Australia, p. 45. EirstD. 1/3. Second D.+C.+ A. 140. P. 1/10. V. 10. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 205 The height of the body is contained eight times and one-third in the total length, the length of the head five times ; barbels not very long ; those of the nostrils extend to the eyes ; those of the maxillary not further ; the highest of the mandibulary barbels is the longest, being about as long as the snout, the lower shorter. Eye very small, its diameter about one-eighth of the length of the head and one-third of that of the snout. The snout is depressed ; the body is compressed, elongate, and tapers to the tail. General colour (in spirits) light grey, with the lower parts yellow ; the fins yellowish, bordered with black ; a few small irregular spots on the body and dorsal fin. Adelaide. Length five inches. G-enus Copidoglanis, Gunth. A short dorsal fin in front, with a pungent spine ; a second long dorsal is united with the caudal and anal into one fin. Teeth in the upper jaw conical, on the vomer molar-like, in the lower jaw mixed. Barbels eight ; nostrils as in Plotosus. Cleft of the mouth transverse. Eyes of moderate size, with a free orbital margin. The gill-membranes are separated by a deep notch, united anteriorly only, the united portion not attached to the isthmus. The first branchial arch with a fringed membrane along the hinder edge of its concave side. Ventral fins many- rayed. Head rather compressed. Coasts and rivers of Australia and East Indian Archipelago. 806. Copidoglanis tandantjs, Mitchell. Gunth., Cat. Fishes V., p. 26. " The Cat Fish" of the Murrumbidgee. B. 9. First D. 1/6. Second D.+C.+ A. 142. P. 1/10. V. 12. Head and body compressed ; the height of the body is not much less than the length of the head, which is a little more than one-fifth of the total. Head as high as broad, its greatest width 206 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, being three-fifths of its length; the diameter of the eye is contained five times and a-half in the length of the head, twice and a-half in that of the snout, and twice in the width of the interorbital space. The nasal barbels are a little shorter than those of the maxillary, and extend to the middle of the eye. The band of teeth of each intermaxillary bone is twice as broad as long ; the vomerine teeth are arranged in a semicircular disk, those of the mandibularies form a band which is broadest in the middle ; all the teeth of conical form have a brown tip. The first dorsal fin is nearly as high as the body, and its spine more than half as long as the head. Pectoral spine as strong as, but much shorter than that of the dorsal fin. Uniform blackish-brown above. Rivers of New South Wales. Length from two to three feet. 807. Copidoglanis obscurus, Gunth. Gunth., Cat. Fishes V., p. 26. First D. 1/6. Second D.+C.+ A. 226. P. 1/14. V. 15-16. Head not much compressed, but nearly as high as broad, its width being two-thirds of its length. The height of the body is contained eight times and a-half in the total length, the length of the head six times and a-third ; the diameter of the eye is one- sixth of the height, two-fifths of that of the snout, and three- fifths of the width of the interorbital space. The nasal barbels extend to behind the eye, those of the maxillary to the gill-opening. Each intermaxillary with a triangular band of teeth, which is rather broader than long ; vomerine band crescent-shaped. All the teeth are white. The first dorsal fin is placed immediately behind the nape and is as high as the body, its spine is more than half the length of the head. Pectoral spine as strong as, but much shorter than that of the dorsal fin. Brown : fins with black margin. Australia ? (Gunther). BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 207 808. CoPEDOGLANTS BREVIDOKSALIS, Gunth. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1867, Vol. XX., p. 66. Differs from the preceding species in having the anterior portion of the second dorsal fin replaced by a pad of fat, from which the rays gradually emerge behind ; the anterior portion does not contain any rays. The anal fin is composed of about eighty-five rays. The nasal barbel extends to the origin of the dorsal fin, none of the others reach beyond the extremity of the pectoral. The eye is one-seventh of the length of the head. Entirely black. Cape York. Nicol Bay. Length six inches. 809. COPIDOGLANIS LONGIFILIS, W. Sp. First D. 1/4. Second D.+C.+A. 160. P. 1/11. V. 12. The height of the body is rather less than one-sixth of the total length, and is less than the length of the head. The body is compressed and tapers to the tail ; the head is rather depressed with the eyes on the upper surface ; the distance from the eye to the snout is equal to three diameters of the eye, and the width of the interorbital space to two diameters. The lips are extremely verrucose, with two prominent nasal flaps on the upper ; the teeth in both jaws and on the roof of the mouth are strong, bluntly conical, and distant. The barbels are very long, the nasal ones reaching to the first dorsal fin. The first dorsal fin is somewhat pointed and more than half the height of the body. The colour seems to have been black or very dark brown. Long Island, Torres Straits. Length thirteen inches. Genus Neosilurus, Steind. A genus distinguished from Copidoglanis by the rudimentary condition or entire absence of the anterior part of the second dorsal fin. The Copidoglanis brevidorsalis, Gunth., should perhaps be referred to this genus. 208 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, 810. Neosilurus iiyrtlii, Steind. Sitzgsber. Ak. Wiss. Wien. 1867, p. 14. I have never seen Steindachner's description of this species, but I think it very probable that it is identical with a fish which I have received from a river of Northern Queensland, and of which the following is a description. First D. 1/4. Second D.4-C.+A. 115. P. 1/9. V. 13. Body very compressed, its height about equal to the length of the head, and one-fifth of the total length ; the diameter of the eye is about one-fifth of the length of the head, is contained twice in the length of the snout, and more than twice in the width of the interorbital space. None of the barbels reach the eye. The second dorsal fin commences about one-fifth of the length of the body from the tail, the rays at first are very short, but lengthen gradually to the middle of the caudal fin which is pointed, the rays of the anal also lengthen gradually to the tail. The colour seems to have been reddish-brown, white beneath. River of Northern Queensland. Length seven inches. Genus Otcdoglanis, Gunth. A short dorsal fin in front, with a pungent spine ; a second long dorsal is united with the caudal and anal into one fin, pointed behind. Teeth in the upper jaw conical, on the vomer molar-like, in the lower jaw mixed. Barbels eight or more ; nostrils as in Plotosus. Cleft of the mouth transverse. Eyes small. The gill-membranes are united below the throat, and attached to the isthmus along the entire median line. The second and third branchial arches with a series of long cartilaginous processes, covering the base of the gill-lamina) on the sides facing each other. Ventral fins many-rayed. Rivers and Coasts of Australia. 811. Cnidoglanis megastoma, Richards. Gunth., Cat. Fishes V., p. 27. f BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 209 Plotoms megastomus, Kich., Voy. Erebus and Terror, p. 31, pi. 21, figs 1 and 3. Chceroplotosus decemfilis, Kner., Novara, Fisch. p. 300, t. 13, fig. 1, B. 11. First D. 1/4. Second D.+C.+A. 234. P. 1/9. V. 10. Head very broad and depressed, its length being one-fifth of the total (without caudal). Ten barbels, (there being two pair of maxillaries) not very long ; those of the nostril and maxillary extending somewhat behind the eye. Lower lip broad, pendent, with lobes, the outer of which is situated below the maxillary barbels and has the appearance of a short barbel. The inter- maxillary teeth are small, conical, and form two small patches ; those of the lower jaw form a broad band, tapering on the side, the outer series of which is formed by conical teeth, the remainder being molar-like. Vomerine teeth in a large triangular patch. Eye small, covered by the skin. Uniform blackish-brown above. Port Jackson. 812. Cnidoglanis lepturus, Ghmth. Gunth., Cat. Fishes V., p. 28. First D. 1/5. Second D.+C.+A. 212. P. 1/9. V. 11. Head depressed, its width being three-fourths of its length, which is one-seventh of the total ; tail long, much produced and pointed behind. The nasal and maxillary barbels extend to the end of the head ; lower lip not pendent or fringed. Inter- maxillary teeth conical, in two small patches ; those of the mandible in two triangular bands, molar-like, with an outer series of conical ones. Eye small. The first dorsal fin is lower than the body, and placed at a very short distance from the occiput ; its spine is feebly serrated, one-third or not quite one- third as long as the head ; pectoral spine as long and strong as that of the dorsal fin. Uniform black. Port Jackson. Length fourteen inches. 210 DESCBIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, 813. Cnidoglanis microcepbalus, Richards. Voy. Erebus and Terror, p. 31, pi. 21, figs. 4-7. — Grunth., Cat. Fishes V., p. 28. First D. 1/5. Second D.+C.+A. 210. P. 1/10. V. 12. Head rather depressed, small, its length being one-eighth of the total length. Nasal barbels long, extending to the dorsal fin, which however is placed at a short distance from the occiput Maxillary barbels reaching the gill-opening ; lower lip without fringes. The intermaxillary teeth form two triangular patches, those of the vomer a crescent-shaped band. Eye rather small. The first dorsal fin elevated, and produced into a long point. Brown, with numerous small, round, whitish spots. North-west Coast of Australia. 814. Cnidoglanis Bostockii, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. II., p. 140. This species seems to resemble C. megastoma in almost every particular excepting that the nasal barbels are always much shorter, not passing the centre of the eye. The first dorsal fin has five rays ; the second dorsal, caudal and anal united about two hundred and twenty rays ; and the ventrals ten. Colour in spirits black, becoming browner beneath. West Australia. Length twenty-one inches. Genus Silurichthys, Bleek. One very short dorsal fin without pungent spine ; no adipose fin ; anal and caudal fins confluent. Barbels four ; one to each maxillary, and one to each mandible. Palatine teeth none ; vomerine teeth in a short transverse band ; eyes rather small, above the angle of the mouth. Nostrils remote from each other, subequal in form and width. Head and body covered with soft skin. The upper profile of the head straight. The dorsal fin is BY "W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 211 inserted above, or immediately before the ventrals. Ventrals composed of eight or less rays ; caudal obliquely emarginate. East Indian Archipelago. Cashmere. 815. SlLURICHTHYS AUSTRALIS, Casteln. Researches on the Fishes of Australia, p. 45. The height of the body is contained six times in the length, without the caudal fin, the length of the head four times and three-quarters. Eight barbels,* those at the corner of the mouth shorter than the others ; the upper jaw is longer than the lower ; the dorsal is inserted before the vertical from the ventrals. Colour silvery, with the upper parts of a greenish-grey ; the entire body and fins covered with numerous and minute black markings. Cape York. Length four and a-half inches. Genus Cainosilurus. Neosilurus, Castelnau, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., Yol. II., p. 238. I substitute this name for Neosilurus previously appropriated by Dr. Steindachner. 816. Cainosilurus australis, Casteln. Neosilurus australis, Casteln., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., Yol. II., p. 239. Freshwater, Rockhampton. Genus Eumeda, Casteln. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. Yol. III., p. 143. 817. Eumeda elongata, Casteln. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W.. Yol. ILL, p. 144. Brisbane River. Rockhampton. * This is not in accordance with the characters given of the genus. 212 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, Genus Arius, Bleek. Adipose fin of moderate length or short ; a short dorsal fin with a pungent spine and seven soft rays ; anal fin rather short. Head osseous above ; barbels six, four at the mandible, no nasal barbels. Teeth on the palate fixed, the upper jaw longer. Eyes with a free orbital margin ; the anterior and posterior nostrils placed close together, the posterior with a valve. Caudal fin forked ; ventral with six rays, attached behind the vertical from the dorsal. Gill-membranes not confluent with the skin of the isthmus, with free posterior margin. Tropical regions. 818. Arius thalassinus, Kupp. Gunth., Cat. Fishes V., p. 139.— Bleek., Atl. Ichth. Silur., t. 61. D. 1/7. A. 16-17. P. 1/11. Vert. 18/27. The height of the body is contained from four times and three- quarters to five times and two-fifths in the length, (without caudal), the length of the head four times and a-quarter or three and a-half . Head much broader than high ; snout obtuse in young specimens ; the adult fish with the upper jaw pointed, and projecting much beyond the lower. The teeth on the palate are villif orm and form a pair of more or less separate subtriangular patches, each of which is composed of three portions. The maxillary barbels extend to the opercles or to the pectoral fin. Crown of the head granulated ; occipital process triangular, rather longer than broad, elevated in its middle into a longitudinal ridge ; the basal bone of the dorsal spine is small, crescent- shaped. Dorsal spine of moderate strength, granulated in front, slightly serrated behind ; its length equals that of the head without snout ; the dorsal rays are as high as the body. Adipose fin very short. Pectoral spine stronger, and but little shorter than the dorsal spines. Torres Straits. Port Jackson. BY W. MACLEAY, F.Ii.S. 213 819. Abitjs gagorides, Cuv. & Val. Gunth., Cat. Fishes V., p. 140. D. 1/7. A. 17. P. 1/12. The height of the body is rather less than one-fourth of the length (without caudal), the length of the head two-sevenths ; head much broader than high, its greatest width being equal to the distance of the hinder nostril from the end of the opercle. The teeth on the palate are in two pairs of confluent patches, those on the palatine bones are large, broad, and emarginate posteriorly. Six barbels, shorter than the head. Crown of the head granulated, the granules being arranged in radiating series ; occipital plate triangular, elevated into an obtuse ridge along its middle, rather broader than long ; the basal bone of the dorsal spine is of moderate width, narrowest in the middle, each half slightly bent into an S-shaped form. Dorsal spine strong, as long as the head without snout, granulated in front, and obtusely serrated behind, as high as the soft portion of the fin, or as the body underneath. Adipose fin somewhat shorter than the dorsal. Pectoral spine as long as that of the dorsal fin, granulated exteriorly and serrated inferiorly. Ventral fins much shorter than the pectoral, not extending to the anal. Caudal fin deeply forked. Port Darwin. 820. Abius atjstbalis, Gunth. Gunth., Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1867, p. 103. D. 1/7. A. 16-17. P. 1/10. The height of the body is contained from four times to four times and a-half in the length (without caudal), the length of the head thrice and a-third or thrice and a-f ourth ; the greatest width of the head is five-sixths of its length. Occipital process as long as, or longer than broad, granulated, with a very obtuse median ridge, extending to the small basal bone of the dorsal fin. Eye 214 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, of moderate size, much, nearer to the snout than to the extremity of the operculum, the length of the snout being nearly one-half of that of the post-orbital portion of the head ; upper jaw some- what longer than the lower. The teeth on the palate form a broad arched band, the vomerine patches being slightly separated from the palatine, and either perfectly continuous in the middle or but slightly interrupted. The maxillary barbels extend to, or sometimes not quite to, the root of the pectoral fin ; the outer ones of the mandible, to the gill-opening. Dorsal spine strong, half as long as the head, slightly serrated in front and behind. Adipose fin as long as, or shorter, than the dorsal, its length being less than one-third of the distance between the two fins. Pectoral spine stronger and a little longer than that of the dorsal fin ; ventral fins more or less shorter than the pectorals. Porus axillaris minute. Sides of the body silvery, upper parts uniform blackish. Hunter Paver. Bichmond Piver. 821. Arius Curtisii, Casteln. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., Vol. II., p. 236. Moreton Bay. 822. Arius venaticus, Eichards. Bagrus venations, Eich., Voy. Erebus and Terror, p. 33. — Gunth. Cat. Fishes V., p. 174. D. 1/9 or more. A. about 30. P. 1/13. V. about 8. Head strongly granulated above ; apex of the occipital process where it meets the small crescentic buckler of the dorsal fin, slightly rounded. Dorsal spine serrated anteriorly and a little undulated posteriorly ; the pectoral spine is equal in length to the dorsal one, and is strongly serrated on both sides. The teeth are villif orm. The front of the vomer supports two small roundish dental plates, which adhere to each other. The palatine plates BY TV. MACXEAY, F.L.S. 215 are both broader and longer, upper lobe of tail longest. Barbels six. (Richards.) North-west Coast of Australia. 823. Aritjs vertagus, Eichards. Voy. Ereb. and Terr., Fish., p. 33.— Gunth., Cat. Fishes V., p. 174. B. 6. D. 1/6-7. A. 28. P. 1/9. V. 9?. The dorsal spine is equal in length to the space between its base and the orbit, and is shorter than the pectoral spine, which is strongly serrated on both sides. Head granulated above, with the occipital process crescentic at the apex. The vomerine teeth are disposed in two small separate plates, and the palatine teeth form a still smaller plate near each corner of the mouth. Barbels six. Length three inches. North-west Coast of Australia. The last two species were described by Sir John Richardson from very imperfect specimens. Family II. HAPLOCHITONIM]. Body naked or scaly. Margin of the upper jaw formed by the intermaxillary ; opercular apparatus complete. Barbels none. Gill-opening wide ; pseudobranchise well developed. Air-bladder simple. Adipose fin present. Ovaries laminated ; the eggs fall into the cavity of the abdomen, there being no oviduct. Pyloric appendages none. Genus Prototroctes, Gunth. General habit of Corregonus. The scales on the front part of the body irregularly arranged in series descending obliquely forward. The dorsal fin occupies a position somewhat posterior to that of the ventrals, which are in the middle of the length of the body, and composed of seven rays. Adipose fin, small ; caudal emarginate ; anal of moderate length. Eye of moderate 216 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, size. Teeth minute, in a single series in the jaws, on the vomer and on the palatine hones. Gill-openings rather wide, the gill- membranes not attached to the isthmus. Branchiostegals six. Australian Rivers. 824. Prototroctes mar^ena, Gunth. Gunth., Cat. Fishes V., p. 382. " The Yarta Herring:' B. 6. D. 10. A. 19. P. 13. Y. L. lat. 78. L. transv. 19. Body compressed, the height about one-fourth of the length (without caudal) ; the belly strongly compressed, the scales on one side not extending to the other, leaving a naked groove from the ventrals to the anal. Head small, terminating in a conical snout, with the upper jaw longest ; the snout rather longer than the diameter of the eye, which is one-fourth of the length of the head, and equal to the width of the convex interorbital space. The cleft of the mouth extends to below the anterior margin of the orbit ; the maxillary and intermaxillary are very solid bones, firmly adherent to one another and extending equally far back- wards. A single series of minute teeth on the intermaxillary, vomer, and palatine bones. The cheek and opercular apparatus are naked. Operculum quadrangular. The dorsal fin midway between the oral and caudal extremities ; caudal emarginate ; the pectorals are rather longer than the ventrals. Scales moderate, irregular, thin and cycloid ; no lateral line. Greenish-olive ; sides and belly silvery. Length ten inches. Rivers of Victoria and Tasmania. Family III. SCOPELIDiE. Body naked or scaly. Margin of the upper jaw formed by the intermaxillary only ; opercular apparatus sometimes incom- pletely developed. Barbels none. Gill-openings very wide ; pseudobranchise well developed. Air-bladder none. Adipose fin present. The eggs are enclosed in the sacs of the ovarium BY W. MACXEAY, F.L.S. 217 and excluded by oviducts. Pyloric appendages few in number or absent. Intestinal tract very short. Genus Saurtjs, Cuv. & Val. Body sub-cylindrical, rather elongate, covered with scales of moderate size ; head oblong ; cleft of the mouth very wide ; intermaxillary very long, styliform, tapering ; maxillary thin, long, closely adherent to the intermaxillary. Teeth cardiform, some being elongate, slender ; all can be laid downwards and inwards ; teeth in the jaws, on the tongue, and on the palatine bones, those on the palate form a single band on each side. Eye of moderate size. Pectoral fin short ; ventral eight-rayed, the inner rays much longer than the outer ; it is inserted before the dorsal, and not far behind the pectorals. The dorsal fin is situated nearly in the middle of the length of the body, with thirteen or less rays ; adipose fin small ; anal short or of moderate length ; caudal forked. Gill-opening very wide, the gill- membranes not attached to the isthmus ; branchiostegals numerous. Pyloric appendages few in number. Tropical parts of the Atlantic and Pacific. Mediterranean. 825. Saurtjs myops, Cuv. & Val. Gunth.. Cat. Pishes V., p. 398.— Bleek., Atl. Ichth. Saurid., tab. 2., fig. 3. B. 16. D. 12. A. 15-16. L lat. 56-58. L. transv. 3|/7. The length of the head is two-seventha of the total length (without caudal) ; crown of the head and occiput finely corrugated ; interorbital space deeply concave. Snout rather obtuse, short, shorter than the eye, with the lower jaw a little projecting beyond the upper. Dorsal fin as high as long ; the pectoral extends to the tenth scale of the lateral line ; the ventral to, or nearly to, the vent. Tail compressed. Scapula black. Port Jackson. O 218 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, Genus Saurida, Cuv. & Val. This genus differs from Saurus only in having a double band of teeth on the palatine bones on each side, the inner band being the shorter, and in having the ventrals nine-rayed, the inner rays not much longer than the outer ones. Indian Ocean and Western Pacific. 826. Saurida nebulosa, Cuv. & Val. G-unth., Cat. Fishes V., p. 399.— Bleek., Atl. Ichth. Saurid. tab. 2, fig. 1. B. 13. D. 11. A. 9. V. 9. L. lat. 52. L. transv. 3£/6. Snout somewhat pointed ; orbit with the adipose eyelids moderately developed. The pectoral fin extends to the ninth scale of the lateral line. A rather inconspicuous ridge along the caudal portion of the lateral line. Dorsal and caudal fins with brownish-black dots ; the brown spots on the side of the body extend to below the lateral line. Port Jackson. 827. Saurida undosquamis, Eichards. Yoy. Erebus and Terror, p. 138, pi. 51, f. 1-6.— Gunth., Cat. Pishes V., p. 40TI. B. 15. D. 11. A. 11. V. 9. L. lat. 57-58. L. transv. -I A-/7. Snout broad and obtuse ; orbit with the adipose eyelids moderately developed. The pectoral fin extends to the eleventh scale of the lateral line, and nearly to the vertical from the origin of the dorsal fin. A conspicuous ridge along the caudal portion of the lateral line. A series of small brown spots on the upper caudal ray. North-west Coast of Australia. 828. Saurida australis, Casteln. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., Vol. IIP, p. 393. Port Jackson. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 219 829. Saurida grandisquamis, Gunth. Gunth., Cat. Fishes V., p. 400. B. 15. D. 12-13. A. 11. V. 9. L. lat. 49. L. transv. 4/6-7. The length of the head is contained four times and one-third in the total length (caudal excluded) ; snout broad, obtuse, a little longer than the diameter of the eye, which is contained five times and a-half in the length of the head ; orbit with the adipose eyelids moderately developed. Dorsal fin much higher than long, the third (longest) ray being not much shorter than the head. The pectoral fin extends to the twelfth scale of the lateral line, and nearly to the vertical from the origin of the dorsal. A conspicuous ridge runs along the caudal portion of the lateral line Blackish-olive above, silvery beneath ; the anterior rays of the dorsal fin, and the upper ones of the caudal with brown dots. Cape Grenville (Chevert Exp.) 830. Saurida truculenta, n. sp. B. 14. D. 11. A. 11. L. lat. 58. L. transv. 4/6. Height of body one-tenth of the total length, length of the head nearly one-fifth. Head broad and fiat above, and rather pointed at the snout. The eye is large and partially covered on each side by an adipose membrane ; the length of the snout from the eye is about equal to the largest diameter of the orbit. The space between the eyes has a width of rather more than two diameters of the eye, and has a broad shallow groove in the middle ; immediately above the snout there is a bony protuber- ance, over each eye a sharp horizontal ridge and behind these in the same line, one or two small, sharp protuberances. The teeth are extremely large and numerous. The scales are large and rather loose ; they commence on the occiput. The pectoral fin extends to a little beyond the commencement of the ventral, and these are placed entirely in front of the dorsal, which commences nearly opposite their posterior third. The two first rays of the 220 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, dorsal are higher than the body. The adipose fin is opposite the third last anal ray. Caudal fin forked, the rays very strong. Colour in spirits, brownish above, whitish beneath ; fins yellowish. Length twenty inches. Port Jackson. 831. Saurida argentea, n. sp. B. 13. D. 12. A. 10. L. lat. 55. L. transv. 5/8. Height of body one-tenth, and length of head one-seventh of the total length. The head is flat above and tapers to a rounded snout, which is considerably longer than the diameter of the eye ; a short ridge behind the occiput, behind the bine of the back. The pectoral fin does not nearly reach the ventral, which is placed only a very little in front of the vertical from the dorsal. Caudal fin forked ; dorsal higher than long, the first rays much higher than the body. Colour bluish above, whitish beneath, most of the scales showing a silvery centre, the middle rays of the tail blackish. Length seven inches. Endeavour River. Genus Aulopus, Cuv. Head and body rather elongate, slightly compressed, covered with scales of moderate size. Cleft of the mouth very wide ; maxillary well developed, dilated behind. Teeth small, cardif orm, in bands in the jaws, on the vomer, palatine, and pterygoid bones, and on the tongue. Eye of moderate size. Pectoral and ventral fins well developed ; the latter nine-rayed, inserted close behind the pectorals, below the anterior dorsal rays. Dorsal fin in the middle of the length of the body, rather elongate, with fifteen or more rays ; adipose fin small ; anal of moderate length ; caudal forked. Gill-opening very wide ; branehiostegals numer- ous ; pseudobranchice well developed. Pyloric appendages few. Air-bladder none. Mediterranean. Australia. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 221 832. Aulopus purpurissatus, Bichards. Gunth., Cat. Fishes V., p. 403. " Sergeant Baker " of the Fishermen. D. 19-22. A. 13-14. V. 9. L. lat. 51. L. transv. 6/9. The length of the head is contained thrice and one-fourth in the length of the body (caudal fin excluded) ; the second and third dorsal rays produced into a long filament in the males. The colours of this fish are very brilliant, consisting chiefly of purple and red. Port Jackson ; rare in Melbourne. Genus Chlorophthalmus, Bonap. Head and body rather elongate, rather compressed behind, covered with scales of moderate size. Cleft of the mouth wide ; maxillary well developed, dilated behind. Teeth minute, in narrow bands in the jaws, on the vomer, the palatine bones and the tongue. Eye largo. Pectoral and ventral fins well developed ; the latter nine-rayed, inserted at no great distance behind the pectorals, somewhat behind the origin of the dorsal fin. Dorsal fin somewhat before the middle of the length of the body, short, with eleven or twelve rays ; adipose fin small ; anal short ; caudal forked. Gill-opening very wide ; branchiostegals ten ; pseudobranchise well developed. Mediterranean. Australian Seas. 833. Chlorophthalmus nigripinnis, Gunth. Gunth., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1878, Vol. II., p. 182. B. 7. D. 11. A. 9. L. lat. 50. The length of the head is contained thrice and three-fourths in the total length (without caudal). The eye is large, two-fifths of the length of the head, and three times the width of the interorbital space. The distance of the adipose fin from the 222 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, dorsal equals that between the latter and the front margin of the eye. Teeth in the jaws, on the vomer and palatine bones, in very narrow bands. Pectoral fins rather shorter than the ventral, which extends far beyond the vent, the vent being much nearer to the ventral than to the anal. Silvery, with some very indistinct darker spots on the sides of the body ; top of the dorsal fin and extremity of each caudal lobe black. Off Twofold Bay, 120 fathoms. (Challenger.) Genus Scopelus, Cuv. Body oblong, more or less compressed, covered with large scales, those of the lateral line being generally the largest. Series of phosphorescent spots run along the lower side of the head, body, and tail, and a similar substance occupies the front of the snout and the back of the tail. Head generally compressed, with the bones thin but ossified. Cleft of the mouth very wide. Intermaxillary very long, styliform, tapering ; maxillary well developed. Teeth villiform, in bands, in both jaws, on the palatine and pterygoid bones, and on the tongue ; the vomerine teeth are not visible except in the large specimens. Eye large. Pectoral and ventral fins well developed, the latter are eight- rayed, inserted immediately in front of the dorsal, or below its anterior portion, at some distance behind the base of the pectoral. Dorsal fin in, or nearly in, the middle of the length of the body ; adipose fin small, sometimes fimbriated. Anal fin generally long; caudal forked. Gill opening very wide ; the outer branchial arch extending forward to behind the symphysis of the lower jaw, and beset with very long gill-rakers. Branchiostegals from eight to ten. Pseudobranchise well developed. Air-bladdder small. Pyloric appendages in small number. Pelagic Fishes of all Seas. 834. Scopelus Cuvieri, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc. Victoria, Vol. II., p. 10H. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 223 D. 12. A. 19. V. 8. P. 17. L. lat. 41. The height of the body is contained three times and eight- tenths in the total length ; the length of the head four times ; the diameter of the eye twice in the length of the head. Anterior profile very convex ; nostrils large and inflated ; lower -jaw longer than the upper ; the teeth are numerous and villif orm ; the rnaxillaries reach to the end of the prseoperculum, are very slender, gradually widen posteriorly, and end in an oblique curve. The eye is very large. The scales are rather deciduous and ciliated, very large on the opercles and broad on the lateral lines. The dorsal fin is situated nearer to the snout than to the base of the caudal, the two first rays are short, the first shortest ; the anal the same ; the pectorals reach as far back as the ventrals, which are rather in advance of the dorsal. The adipose fin is broad, arched, pointed, and placed above the end of the anal ; two sharp spines on the lower profile between the anal and the caudal fins. Colour a brilliant and iridescent silver ; the fins bright yellow. Torres Straits (Castelnau). 835. Scopelus boops, Eichards. Myctophum hoops, Eichards., Voy. Erebus and Terror, p. 39, pi. 27, figs. 6-12. D. 14. A. 20. P. 15. V. 8. L. lat. 35. The height of the body and the length of the head about equal, and one-fifth of the total length. The eye large, exceeding in diameter the width of the interorbital space. The luminous substance forming a csnspicuous frontal keel. The dorsal fin is placed above the beginning of the ventrals ; the pectorals reach the anus. The body is ornamented with a number of opalescent dots with a black border. The sea between New Zealand and Australia (Eichards.) . 224 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, 836. Scopelus coruscans, Richards. Myctophum coruscans, Richards., Yoy. Erebus and Terror, p. 40, pi. 27, figs. 1-5. D. 12. A. 20. P. 17. V. 8. L. lat. 38. More compressed than S. hoops, tapering to a very slender tail. The eye is a little removed from the profile and is placed rather in advance of the middle of the cleft of the mouth. The inter- orbital space is convex, without any appearance of the glandular substance, which seems to be confined to the immediate border of each nostril. An elevated acute mesial line separates one nasal prominence from the other. The ventral fins are attached at the commencement of the second third of the length of the fish, caudal excluded. The dorsal commences a little behind them ; and the upper surface of the tail behind the adipose fin, is covered by six convex scales, without the flat surface or glandular appearance of the preceding species. The posterior rays of the dorsal and anal are divided to the base. No spines at the base of the caudal. The scales are undulated, very irregularly and sparingly toothed on the free edge, and with three basal furrows. Coloured and spotted as in S. hoops. Australian Ocean (Richardson). 836. Scopelus cephalotes, Casteln. Researches Fishes of Australia, p. 46. D. 9. A. 10. P. 12. The height of the body is one-fourth of the total length, the length of the head one-third ; form rather elongate ; upper profile not very convex ; eye very large, contained three times and a-quarter in the length of the head ; lower jaw considerably longer than the upper one, and when the mouth is shut it appears pointed and directed upwards, the cleft of the mouth being very oblique ; teeth very numerous, placed very near one another, and directed backwards ; the maxillary extends further than the BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S 225 centre of the eye ; body covered with scales placed in transverse lines, and finely striated ; one dorsal situated at near the two posterior thirds of the body ; it is narrow, but high, and formed of one spine and eight rays ; caudal rather pointed ; anal with three spines and seven rays ; the first spine is short, the second longer, and the third much longer still, and almost equal to the rays ; the pectorals of twelve rays extend to the end of the ventrals; no adipose fin ; the highest part of the fish is at the posterior part of the head, and from thence its form goes tapering to the end of the tail. The body, in the spirits, appears to have been of a lilac colour, covered in a great part by a pearl-coloured tinge ; very minute black dots are seen on the greatest part of the body, and several marmorated spots appear on some of the specimens ; the fins are of a light yellow, with some black dots at their base. The specimens are about one inch and a-half long. Adelaide. Count Castelnau suggests Neoscopelus as a new genus for this Fish. It certainly does not tit in well to the genus Scopelus. Genus Alepidosaurus, Lowe. Body elongate, rather compressed, scaleless ; head compressed with the snout much produced, and with the cleft of the mouth very wide ; intermaxillary very long and very slender ; maxillary thin, needle-like, as long as the intermaxillary, immoveable. Teeth very unecpial in size, immoveable. A series of very small teeth runs along the entire length of the intermaxillary. Teeth of the palatine bone compressed, triangular, pointed, the two or three anterior ones being exceedingly long and strong, and the posterior ones of moderate size. Teeth of the lower jaw similar to those of the palatine bones, one pair in front, and two or three pairs in the middle being much enlarged. No teeth on the tongue. Eye large ; pectoral and ventral fins well developed. The rayed dorsal fin occupies the whole length of the back from the occiput to the anal fin. Adipose and anal fins of moderate size. Caudal 226 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, forked. Grill-opening very wide. Branchiostegals six or seven. The outer branchial arch with stiff, shortish spine-like gill-rakers. Pseudobranchire well developed. Air-bladder none. Ocean Fishes, Atlantic and 'Pacific. 837. Alepidosaurus ferox, Lowe. Gfunth., Cat. Fishes V., p. 421. — Eichards., Voy. Erebus and Terror, p. 34, pi. 22, figs. 1-4. B. 6-7. D. 41-44. A. 14-17. P. 14-15. V. 9-10. The length of the head is twice the height of the body, and rather less than one-sixth of the total length, (without caudal). The eye occupies the middle of the length of the head, of which it is one-sixth ; its diameter equals the width of the interorbital space. Dorsal fin much elevated. Pectoral elongate, but terminating at a great distance from the ventral ; the first raj of the dorsal, pectoral, and ventral fins with the edge slightly serrated. Upper caudal lobe produced into a long filament. Tasmania (Richardson). Family IV. STOMIATID^. Skin naked or with exceedingly fine scales ; a hyoid barbel. Margin of the upper jaw formed by the intermaxillary and maxillary, which are both toothed ; opercular apparatus but little developed. Gill-opening very wide ; pseudobranchiae none. Adipose fin absent or present. The eggs are enclosed in the sacs of the ovarium, and excluded by oviducts. Deep Sea Fishes. Gfenus Echiostoma, Lowe. Body elongate, compressed, scaleless, with the vent situated at no great distance from the caudal fin. Head rather compressed, with the snout short, and the cleft of the mouth very wide. Teeth pointed, 'unequal in size, those of the intermaxillary and anterior BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 227 part of the mandible being the longest ; maxillary teeth in a single series, those of its lower two-thirds being very small ; teeth of the hinder part of the mandible in a double or treble series ; vomer with a pair of fangs ; palatines with a single series of small, pointed teeth ; two groups of similar teeth on the tongue, Eye of moderate size. Opercular portion of the head very narrow and flexible. A fleshy barbel is suspended from the centre of the hyoi.l region. Dorsal fin opposite the anal, close to the caudal ; caudal forked. Pectoral and veutral fins feeble, the latter inserted behind the middle of the length of the body. Series of phosphorescent dots run along the lower side of the head, body, and tail. Gill-openings very wide ; the outer branchial arch with minute gill-rakers ; pseudobranchiae none. Air-bladder none. Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. 838. Echiostoma microdon, Gunth. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1878, Vol. II., p. 180. D. 24. A 29. P. 3. V. 7. The length of the head is more than one-fifth of the total length (without caudal). No separate pectoral ray; root of the ventral considerably nearer to the base of the caudal than to the extremity of the snout. All the teeth rather small, a few only in the middle of the palatine bone. Black ; two luminous organs below the eye ; a narrow elongate one above the maxillary, and a small, short one nearer the eye. North-west Coast of Australia, 2,440 fathoms (Challenger). 839. Echiostoma micripnus, Gunth. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1878, Vol. II., p. 180. D. 21. A. 23. P. 1/3. V. 7. The length of the head is nearly one-ninth of the total length. Barbel much longer than the head, and fringed at its extremity ; 228 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, the anterior pectoral ray filamentous, and distinctly separated from the others. Root of the ventral rather nearer to the extremity of the snout than to the root of the caudal. Black ; luminous organ above the maxillary small, round, like a rudimentary eye. South Coast of Australia, 2,150 fathoms (Challenger) Family V. SALMONID^E. Body covered with scales ; head naked; barbels none. Margin of the upper jaw formed by the intermaxillaries mesially, and by the maxillaries laterally. Belly rounded. A small adipose fin behind the dorsal. Pyloric appendages generally numerous, rarely absent. Air-bladder large, simple ; pseudobranchise present. The ova fall into the cavity of the abdomen before exclusion. Genus Eetrofinna, Gill. Body covered with scales of moderate size. Cleft of the mouth of moderate width. Small teeth, subequal in size, in single series on the jaws, vomer, palatines and pterygoids ; tongue with a double series of small hooked teeth. Dorsal fin situated far back- wards, behind the ventrals, above the vent ; anal rather long ; caudal forked; ventral six-rayed. Pseudobranchise present. Stomach horseshoe -shaped, without prolonged blind sac ; pyloric appendages and air-bladder present. Freshwaters, New Zealand and Australia. 840. Eetropinna Eichardsonii, Gill. Proc. Acad. Nat. Philad., 1862, p. 14.— Gunth., Cat. Fishes VI. p. 171. Argentina retropinna, Eichards., Voy. Erebus and Terror, p. 121, pi. 52, figs. 1-3. B. 6. D. 11-12. A. 17-20. P. 11. V. 6. L. lat. 61. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 229 The height of the body is less than the length of the head, which is contained four times and two-thirds in the total length (without caudal). Snout shorter than the eye, the diameter of which is two-sevenths of the length of the head. The lower jaw is the longer. Coloration uniform, v\dth a silvery band along the side. Rope's Creek. Length three inches. Family VI. GALAXID.E. Body naked ; barbels none. Margin of the upper jaw chiefly formed by the intermaxillaries, which are short and continued by a thick lip, behind which are the maxillaries. Belly rounded. Adipose fin none ; dorsal opposite to anal. Pyloric appendages in small number. Air-bladder large, simple ; pseudobranchia3 none. The ova fall into the cavity of the abdomen before exclusion. Genus Galaxias, Cuv. A series of conical teeth in the jaws, on each palatine bone, and on each side of the tongue ; teeth on the tongue hook-like. Rivers of Australia, New Zealand and Southern parts of South America. 841. Galaxias truttaceus, Cuv. & Val. Gunth , Cat. Fishes YL, p. 209.— Richards., Voy. Erebus and Terror, p. 75, pi. 42, figs. 1-6. B. 9. D. 11. A. 14-15. V. 7. P. 14. Body stout ; head broad, depressed, its length being somewhat more than the height of the body, and two-ninths or a little less of the total length (without caudal). Jaws equal in length. Cleft of the mouth of moderate width, the maxillary not quite extending to below the middle of the eye. Eye of moderate size, two-ninths of the length of the head and shorter than the snout. The length of the pectoral fin is one-half of the distance of its root from 230 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, the ventral, and the ventral terminates at a considerable distance from, the vent ; the anal, if laid backwards, extends scarcely to the base of the caudal. The least depth of the tail is somewhat more than one-half of the distance between the caudal and dorsal fins. Dark olive-coloured, with numerous, small, round, blackish spots ; two or three dark cross-bars above the pectoral fin ; an oblique, blackish streak below the eye ; extremities of the dorsal, anal, and pectoral fins black. Tasmania. 842. Galaxias olidus, G-unth. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VI., p. 209. D. 11. A. 13. P. 14. V. 7. Body stout ; head thick, its length being about equal to the height of the body, and two-ninths of the total length (without caudal). The lower jaw is a little shorter than the upj)er; cleft of the mouth o f moderate width, the maxillary not quite reaching to below the middle of the eye. Eye rather small, less than one- sixth of the length of the head, and much shorter than the snout. The length of the pectoral fin is less than one-half of the distance of its root from the ventral, and the ventral fin terminates at a considerable distance from the vent ; the anal fin, if laid backwards scarcely reaches the base of the caudal. The least depth of the tail is one-half of the distance between caudal and dorsal fins. Brownish-red above, yellowish-red below; all the fins and opercles with thick black dots ; a few scattered similar dots on the side of the tail. ? Queensland (Gunther). Length four inches. 843. Galaxias attenuatus, Jenyns. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VI., p. 210. G. scriha, (not Cuv. & Val.) and G. mavulatus, (not Jenyns), Richards., Voy. Erebus and Terror, p. 75-76, pi. 43, figs. 14-17. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 231 D. 11. A. 17. P. 12. V. 7. C»c. pylor. 2. Body elongate, its depth, in front of the dorsal fin being one- eighth or one-tenth of the length (without caudal) ; the length of the head nearly one-sixth of the same. Snout with the jaws equal in length ; cleft of the mouth rather narrow ; the maxillary extending to below the anterior margin of the orbit. Eye of moderate size, somewhat shorter than the snout, more than one- fifth of the length of the head. The length of the pectoral fin is much less than one -half the distance of its root from the ventral, and that of the ventral is about one-third of the distance of its root from the anal. The least depth of the tail is one-half of the distance between the dorsal and caudal fins. Caudal emarginate. Yellowish-olive, body with numerous faint spots, each spot being composed of minute dots. Operculum silvery. Tasmania. 844. G-alaxias Krefftii, Grunth. G-unth., Cat. Fishes YL, p. 211. D. 12. A. 16. P. 12. V. 7. Body moderately elongate, subcylindrical, its depth in front of the dorsal fin being contained seven times and one-half in the total length (without caudal) ; the length of the head is five times and a-half in the same. Snout broad, with the jaws equal in length ; cleft of the mouth rather narrow ; the maxillary extending to nearly below the front margin of the orbit. Eye of moderate size, as long as the snout, one-fourth of the length of the head. The length of the pectoral fin is considerably less than one-half of the distance of its root from the ventral ; and that of the ventral is two-fifths of the distance of its root from the anal. The least depth of the tail is one-half of the distance between the dorsal and caudal fins. Caudal truncate. Yellowish-olive (in spirits) ; back powdered with minute black dots. New South Wales. Pope's Creek. ? Murray Piver. 232 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, 845. GalAXIAS SCRIBA, Cuv. & Val. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VI., p. 212. D. 11. A. 15. P. 14. V. 7. The height of the body is one-half of ths length of the head, which is one-fifth of the total length (without caudal) ; the diameter of the eye is only two-fifths of the length of the head. Caudal fin truncate. Yellowish : minute black dots are crowded so as to form irregularly fluxuous lines ; a large blotch at the base of the caudal fin. Port Jackson (Val.) Length three inches. 846. Gtalaxias pinsrcTATUs, Gunth. G-unth., Cat. Fishes VI., p. 212. D. 12. A. 16. P. 12. V. 7. Body elongate, its depth in front of the dorsal fin being one- eighth of the length (without caudal) ; the length of the head one-sixth of the same. Snout with the jaws nearly equal in length ; cleft of the mouth rather narrow, the maxillary extending nearly to below the anterior margin of the orbit. Eye two-thirds of the length of the snout, and less than one-fifth of the length the head. The length of the pectoral fin is nearly one-third of the distance of its root from the ventral, and that of the ventral two-fifths of the distance of its root from the anal. The least depth of the tail is one-half of the space between the dorsal and caudal fins. Caudal fin emarginate. Light brownish-olive : upper half of the head and body with numerous small, black spots or dots. Eastern Creek. Length six and a-half inches. 847. Galaxias Coxii, Macl. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. V., p. 45. Mount Wilson. Falls for the Colo River. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 233 848. Galaxias planiceps, n. sp. D. 11. A. 13. P. 14. V. 6. The height of the body immediately in front of the dorsal fin is one-eighth of the total length (without caudal) ; the length of the head about one-fifth of the same. The top of the head very flat and depressed ; the mouth is rather large and slightly oblique, the maxillary reaching to below the middle of the eye. Eyes rather large, two diameters apart, one diameter from the snout, and over four times in the length of the head. The length of the pectoral fin is considerably less than half the distance of its root from the ventral ; the length of the ventral is two-fifths of the distance of its root from the anal. The caudal fin is broad, spreading, and slightly emarginate. The colour, in spirits, is an uniform pale red, with the fins and head yellowish ; there are no spots or dots visible anywhere. Rankin's Lagoon near Bathurst. 849. Galaxias bong-bong, n. sp. D. 11. A. 11. P. 14. V. 7. The greatest height of the body is one-fifth of the length (without caudal) ; the length of the head the same. The snout is rounded in front ; the maxillary reaching to below the anterior third of the eye. The length of the pectoral fin is nearly one- half the distance of its root from the ventral, and that of the ventral is quite half the length of the space between the root of the ventral and the anal. Caudal fin very slightly emarginate its membrane extending very considerably on to the upper and lower portions of the tail, and almost continuous with the anal fin. The colour in spirits is red, more or less densely spotted and clouded with black, the vertical fins slightly tinged with blackish. Length three inches. Moss Vale and rivers at Bong-bong. P 234 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, 850. Galaxias xebulosa, n. sp. D. 12. A. 18. P. 14. V. 7 or 8. The height of the body at the pectoral fin is one-ninth of the length (without caudal) ; the length of the head one-fifth ; the diameter of the eye is about one-fourth of the length of the head. Snout rounded ; the maxillary reaches to below the anterior third of the eye. The middle rays of the pectoral fin are the longest and its length is rather more than half the space between the root of the pectoral and that of the ventral, the length of the ventral is about half that of the distance between the roots of the ventral and anal. Caudal fin long, not or scarcely emarginate. Colour in spirits, pale yellowish-brown, entirely and closely covered fins and all with exceedingly minute black dots, with five or six irregular, little distinct, brown fascia? descending from the back below the middle of the sides, sometimes a few large sjiots in the interspaces between these fascia?. Length three inches. Long Bay near Sydney. 851. GtAlaxias Waterhousei, Krefft. Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1867, p. 943. L». 11. A. 15. P. 13. V. 7. Body stout, its depth in front of the dorsal fin being nearly one-eighth of the length (without caudal) ; the length of the head is a sixth of the same. Eye of moderate size, one-fourth of the length of the head, and equal to the extent of the snout. The length of the pectoral fin is one-third of the space between its root and that of the ventral ; the ventrals are of the same length, and almost in the middle between the vent and the root of the pectorals. The anal if laid backwards does not reach the base of the caudal. The distance between the dorsal and caudal fin is much greater than the least depth of the tail. Coloration uniform brownish ; back and sides finely black-dotted; operculum with a golden tint. Creeks, South Australia. Length seven inches. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 235 852. Galaxias ocellatus, M'Coy. Casteln., Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. I., p. 175. u The Yarra Trout:' D. 11. A. 15. P. 14. V. 7. The height of the body is contained five times and one-third in the total length ; the length of the head five times and two- thirds. The head is convex over the eye. The caudal fin is rounded ; the ventrals are nearer to the anal than to the pectorals. The body is of a light olive green, with the belly grey ; it is covered with iridescent round ocellated black spots ; the sides of the operculum have a golden tinge ; the fins are of the general colour of the body ; the pectorals 'are white, the eye is green, speckled with black. River Yarra. Length six inches. 853. Gtalaxias cylindeicus, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. I., p. 177. D. 10. A. 12-14. V. 7. Like 67. attenuates, but more elongate, tkedieight of the body being about one-eleventh of the total length ; the length of the head is contained seven times and a quarter in the same ; the diameter of the eye is contained four times and a half in the length of the head ; the caudal fin is emarginate ; of eighteen or nineteen long rays ; the ventrals are placed at an equal distance from the end of the mandible and the base of the anal. Six large hooked teeth on the front part of the tongue, and others on each side backwards. Colour the same as in 67. attenuatus. Lower Yarra. Length seven or eight inches. 854. Galaxias delicatultjs, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. I., p. 178. D. 10. A. 19. C. 16. 236 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, Form elongate, the height of the body is one-seventh of the length to the middle of the caudal fin ; the length of the head is six times and two-thirds in the same. The head is of a light brownish-red ; the body of a light yellow-green above the lateral line, and is covered with faint, irregular transversal spots, formed of very fine blue points. The lateral line is little marked on its anterior portion, but very distinct, and of a yellowish colour behind ; below this line the colour is a fine opal white ; the eye is silvery. The dorsal fin is of the colour of the back, but its terminal portion is lighter ; the caudal is of a yellowish-green ; the pectorals, ventrals, and anal of a transparent white ; the caudal is feebly bilobed. Yarra River. Length four inches. 855. Galaxias am^exus, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. I., p. 178. D. 12. A. 14. The height of the body is five times and two-thirds in the length to the middle of the caudal ; the length of the head four times and one-third. Of a light green colour ; a brown spot between the eyes, extending a little behind them ; the back covered with very minute black points, forming very indistinct, transverse, oblique lines, better marked on the posterior part. A considerable number of points, rather larger than the others, are disposed on the body, and form a double but rather irregular, longitudinal line on the middle of the back. The lower side of the body is covered with the same punctuation and bands as the back, but the belly is of a rather dark blue-silvery colour ; the eye is of a dark green. Yarra River. Length three to four inches. 856. Galaxias versicolor, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. I., p. 176. BY W. MAOLEAY, F.L.S. 237 D. 9. A. 12. P. 13. C. 16. Body oval ; head attenuated and rather pointed. The height of the body is four times and two-thirds in the total length, the length of the head five times and eight-tenths ; diameter of eye four times and one-third in the length of the head. Lower jaw a little longer than the upper ; the cleft of the mouth small ; the maxillary just reaching to below the anterior margin of the eye. The fins are rather large, the dorsal and anal opposite one another ; the caudal is emarginate ; the length of the pectoral is equal to the distance from the posterior margin to the end of the operculum ; the ventrals are midway between the pectorals and the anal. The teeth are small on the upper jaw, but much larger, straight, pointed, and rather distant from one another, on the lower jaw ; those of the tongue are large, straight, and pointed. The colour of the body is a fine green ; the lower portions of the head and body are, the first grey, the other orange-yellow ; the whole covered with very minute blue points. The fins are grey, with the ra\s white ; the ventrals are white ; eye golden. Marsh near St. Kilda. Length five and a-half inches. 857. Galaxias orxatus, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc , Victoria, Vol. II., p. 153. D. 10. A. 11. P. 12. V. 7. Height of body one-seventh of the total length, and equal to the length of the head. Lower jaw rather longer than the upper ; diameter of eye one-fourth of the length of the head, and less than the extent of the snout. The dorsal is situated at double the distance from the snout that it is from the base of the caudal ; caudal fin strongly emarginate ; anal placed a little behind the dorsal ; the ventrals equidistant from the base of the pectorals and anal ; the pectorals are of the length of the distance between • the posterior edge of the eye and the extremity of operculum. Colour above light green, beneath golden yellow ; on the back '238 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, are numerous transverse bands, rather narrow, but well defined of an obscure green. These bands are not agglomerations of fine points, as in many species ; eyes yellow ; fins light yellow. Cardinia Creek, Victoria, Length four and a-half inches. Fakily YII. SCOMBKESOCILVE. Body covered with scales ; a series of keeled scales along each side of the belly. Margin of the upper jaw formed by the inter- maxillaries mesially, and by the maxillaries laterally. Lower pharyngeals united into a single bone. Dorsal fin opposite the anal, belonging to the caudal portion of the vertebral column. Adipose fin none. Air-bladder generally present, simple, some- times cellular, without pneumatic duct. Pseudobrauchia) hidden, glandular. Stomach not distinct from the intestine, which is cpuite straight, without appendages. Genus Belone, Cuv. Both jaws prolonged into a long, slender beak, the upper part being formed by the intermaxillaries, which are united by a longitudinal suture. Both jaws with a band of asperities, and with a series of longer, conical, pointed, widely set teeth. Body elongate, slender, covered with small scales. All the dorsal and anal rays connected by a membrane. Gill-openings very wide. Intestinal tract simple without appendages. Air-bladder large. Seas of temperate and tropical regions, entering rivers. 858. Beloxe depressa, Poey. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VI., p. 235. D. 13-14. A. 18-19. The free portion of the tail is strongly depressed, and dilated into a broad sharp edge on each side. Body rather depressed, subpentagonaL The length of the head is rather less than one- third of the total (without caudal) ; its upper surface fiat, striated, BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 239 without distinct median groove ; superciliary region faiutly striated ; base of the intermaxillaries much depressed. Maxillary entirely hidden by the prceorbital, which is scaly. Teeth very small ; vomerine teeth none. The diameter of the eye is some- what more than the width of the interorbital space, and one-half of the length of the post-orbital portion of the head. Depth of the body considerably less than the length of the pectoral fin, which is more than the distance of the opercular margin from the orbit. Ventral fin nearly midway between the eye and the caudal fin. The middle and hinder dorsal and anal rays subequal in length, short, the last terminating at a great distance from the root of the caudal. The origin of the anal is in advance of that of the dorsal. Caudal fin forked. Scales not very small, adherent. Green above, silvery below. North-west Australia (Haslar Collection). 859. Beloxe melanotus, Bleek. Atl. Ichth. Scombr., p. 47, tab. 10, fig. 2. — Gunth., Cat. Fishes VI., p. 238. D. 24-26. A. 22-24. The free portion of the tail is subtetrahedral, scarcely higher than broad, with a slight narrow longitudinal keel along the side. The length of the head is contained thrice and a sixth in the total length (without caudal) ; its upper surface flat, striated without conspicuous median groove ; superciliary region striated ; base of the intermaxillaries broad, slightly compressed ; maxillary entirely hidden by the praeorbital. Teeth of moderate strength ; vomerine teeth none. The diameter of the eye is a little less than the width of the interorbital space, and one-half of the length of the postorbital portion of the head. Body slightly compressed, its depth being less than the length of the pectoral fin, which nearly equals the distance of the opercular margin from the orbit. Tongue covered with tubercular asperities. Ventral fin midway between the front margin of the eye and the root of the caudal. 240 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, The middle and hinder dorsal and anal rays are very slender and somewhat prolonged, the last extending nearly or quite to the root of the caudal. Caudal tin deeply forked. Scales very thin and minute, deciduous. Cape York (Chevert Exp.). Port Darwin. 860. Beloxe annulata, Cuv. & Val. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VI., p. 240.— Bleek., Atl. Ichth. Scomhr., p. 48, pi. 12, fig. 3. D. 23-24. A. 21-22. The free portion of the tail is tetrahedral, higher than broad, with a slight narrow longitudinal keel along the side. The length of the head is contained twice and a-third in the total length (without caudal), its upper surface with a broad and very shallow median groove ; superciliary region striated ; base of the intermaxillaries depressed ; maxillary nearly entirely hidden by the praoorbital. Teeth strong ; vomerine teeth none. The diameter of the eye is two-thirds of the width of the interorbital space, and two-fifths of the length of the postorbital portion of the head. Body slightly compressed, its depth being much less than the length of the pectoral fin, which is more than the distance of the opercular margin from the orbit. Tongue covered with tubercular asperities. Ventral fin midway between the front margin of the eye and the root of the caudal fin. The middle and hinder rays of the dorsal fin are very slender and somewhat prolonged, the last extending nearly or quite to the root of the caudal. Caudal fin forked. Scales very thin and minute, deciduous. Percy Islands and Cape York (Chevert Exp.). Length over three feet. 861. Belone ferox, Gunth. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VI., p. 242. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 241 " Long Tom'''' of the Fishermen. D. 21. A. 26. The free portion of the tail broad and depressed. The length of the head is less than one-third of the total (without caudal) ; its upper surface with a broad median groove, tapering behind and widening in front ; superciliary region striated ; base of the intermaxillaries depressed ; only the basal half of the maxillary is hidden by the praeorbital. Jaws and teeth strong ; vomerine teeth none ; tongue smooth. The diameter of the eye is two- thirds of the width of the interorbital space, and two-sevenths of the length of the postorbital portion of the head, Body compressed, its depth being less than the length of the pectoral fin, which exceeds the distance of the opercular margin from the orbit. The middle and hinder dorsal and anal rays are subequal in length, short, the last terminating at a considerable distance from the root of the caudal. Caudal fin truncate. Scales thin and rather small ; adherent. Port Jackson. 862. Belone caudimaculata, Cuv. & Val. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VI., p. 245. — Bleek., Atl. Ichth. Scombr., tab. 10, fig. 3. D. 13. A. 15-16. The free portion of the tail is compressed, much deeper than broad. The length of the head is contained twice and a-third in the total length (without caudal) ; its upper surface flat, with a rather shallow median groove of moderate width ; supercilary region with one or two stria? ; base of the intermaxillaries depressed ; maxillary only half hidden by the prreorbital. Teeth rather small ; vomerine teeth none. The diameter of the eye equals the width of the interorbital space, and is contained twice and three-fourths in the length of the postorbital portion of the head. Body broad, subcylindrical, its depth being considerably 242 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, less than the length of the pectoral fin, which is more than the distance of the opercular margin from the orbit. Ventral fin midway between the eye and the caudal fin. The middle and hinder rays of the dorsal and anal fins are subequal in length, short, the last terminating at a considerable distance from the root of the caudal. Caudal fin rounded. Scales rather small, adherent. A small round, deep black spot at the root of tbe caudal fin. Port Darwin. 863. Beloxe Kreffth, Gunth. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VI., p. 250. D. 17. A. 19. P. 13. The free portion of the tail is strongly compressed, much deeper than broad. The length of the head is contained twice and two-fifths in the total (without caudal) ; a scaly groove of moderate width runs along the middle of its upper surface ; superciliary region slightly striated ; base of the intermaxillaries much depressed ; maxillaries two-thirds hidden by the prceorbital. Teeth rather feeble, widely set ; tongue smooth. The diameter of the eye equals the width of the interorbital space, and is one- third of the length of the postorbital portion of the head. Body strongly compressed, its depth being not much less than the length of the pectoral fin, which is somewhat less than the distance of the opercular margin from the orbit. Ventral fin midway between the prrcoperculum and caudal fin. Origin of dorsal fin opposite to that of anal. The middle and hinder dorsal and anal rays, subequal in length, short, the last terminating at some distance from the root of the caudal. Caudal fin slightly emarginate. Scales thin and small. Upper parts blackish., sides and belly silvery white, the two colours separated by a narrow greenish streak. Rivers of Northern Queensland. Length two feet. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S 243 864. Belone gavialoides, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. II., p. 142. D. 22. A. 23. P. 12. The length of the head is three times and a-half in the total length (without caudal) ; its upper surface is flat and impressed with two large radiated impressions, an elongated space in front of the eyes covered with small scales ; a longitudinal groove on the medial line of the snout. Teeth very fine and numerous, with a line of large, conical, distant ones on each of Loth jaws, getting smaller and closer behind ; no vomerine teeth ; tongue smooth. The diameter of the eye is half the width of the interorbital space. Body rather compressed ; its height is Jess than the length of the pectorals. Caudal fin strongly emarginate, the lower lobe longer than the upper. Colour in spirits dark brown above, silvery bpneath. ; the snout black ; the fins yellow. West Australia. Length from three to four feet. 865. Beloxe gracilis, n. sp. D. 20. A. 22. C. 17. The length of the head is one-fourth of the total length (with- out caudal) ; its upper surface is striated, with a broad moderately deep groove in the centre ; the beak is striated above ; the prse- orbital entirely covers the maxillary. The diameter of the eye is about equal to the width of the interorbital space, and one-third of the length of the postorbital portion of the head. The length of the pectoral fin is much greater than the height of the body, but much less than the distance between the opercular margin and the eye. The ventral fin is situated nearer to the eye than to the root of the caudal. The anal fin commences much in advance of the dorsal, but both terminate near and at an equal distance from the caudal ; the hinder rays of both are short and well apart. The caudal is long and rather acutely rounded ; the free poation of the tail is much flattened above, and roundly keeled 244 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN PISHES, at the sides. The colour is reddish ahove the median line of the body which is well marked by a bluish silvery streak, beneath it is silvery, the pectoral fin is distinctly tipped with black, and the other fins are the same to a less extent. Port Jackson. Length eight inches. Genus Scombresox, Lacep. Both jaws prolonged into a long slender beak, the upper part being formed by the intermaxillaries ; both jaws with a series of extremely minute teeth. Body elongate, compressed, slender, covered with small thin deciduous scales. A number of detached unlets behind the dorsal and anal fins. Gill-openings very wide. Intestinal tract simple, without pyloric appendages. Air-bladder large. Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. 866. Scombresox Porsteri, Cuv. & Val. Gunth., Cat. Pishes VI., p. 258.— Hutton, Fishes, N. Zeal., p. 53. D. 10/v. A. 11/vii. P. 15. V. 6. " Length equal to four and a half times that of the head, or ten times the height of the body ; length of the head about one and two-fifths that of the snout ; lower jaw longer ; base of ventrals half way between the root of the caudal and the anterior margin of the eye ; upper pectoral ray very broad. Above shining plumbous-blue, below silvery- white." — (Hutton). Melbourne (Castelnau). Sydney (Macl. Mus.). Genus Hemiriiampiius, Cuv. The lower jaw is prolonged into a long slender beak; the upper is short, the intermaxillaries forming a triangular more or less convex plate. Both jaws with a narrow band of minute teeth. Body elongate slender, covered with large or moderate scales. All tho dorsal and anal rays connected by a membrane. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 245 Gill-openings very wide. Intestinal tract simple, without pyloric appendages. Air-bladder large. Tropical Seas, sometimes entering fresh waters. 867. Hejiirhamphus intermedins, Cant. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VI., p. 260. — H. melanochir, Cuv. & Val. " The Gar Fish" of the Sydney Market. D. 15-17. A. 18-20. P. 11. Scales of moderate size, very deciduous. The length of the entire head is contained twice and three-fourths or twice and four-fifths, in the total (without caudal), the length of the lower jaw beyond the extremity of the upper, five times and a half. The triangular part of the upper jaw, formed by the inter- maxillaries, is longer than broad. The diameter of the eye equals the width of the interorbital space, and is contained once and a half or once and two-thirds in the length of the postorbital part of the head. Preoorbital as long as high. The root of the ventral fin is midway between the base of the caudal and that of the pectoral. Dorsal and anal fins scaleless, the origins of both nearly opposite. Caudal fin emarginate, the central ra}rs much longer than the eye. Back dark greenish ; sides with a well defined silvery band. Pectorals blackish. Port Jackson, Melbourne, Brisbane, and "West Australia. 868. Hemirhampiitjs regttlaris, Gunth. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VI., p. 261. "Hirer Gar Fish" of Sydney Fishermen. D. 15. A. 17. L. lat. 58. The length of the entire head is a little more than one-third of the total (without caudal), the length of the lower jaw beyond the extremity of the upper, one-half the length of the head. The triangular part of the upper jaw, formed by the intermaxillaries is much broader than long. The diameter of the eye is rather 246 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, less than the width of the interorbital space, and two-thirds of the length of the postorbital part of the head. Vertex and inter, orbital space convex. The root of the ventral fin is nearly midway between the front margin of the eye and the base of the caudal fin. Dorsal and anal rays scaleless, the former a little longer than the latter ; they commence opposite to each other. Caudal fin moderately forked, with the lobes nearly ecp^al the central rays being much longer than the eye. Sides with a well defined silvery band as broad as a scale. Port Jackson. 869. Hemirhamphus argenteus, Beun. Hemirhamphis Ireviceps, Casteln., Proc. Linn. Soc. Yol. II., p. 240. Brisbane. Pare in Sydney. 870. Hemiruamphus margin atus, Forsk. Gunth., Cat. Pishes VI., p. 270.— Bleek., Atl. Ichth. Scombr., tab. 8, fig. 4. D. 14. A. 11-12. L. lat. 52. The length of the entire head is contained twice and three- fifths, or twice and a half in the total (without caudal), the length of the lower jaw beyond the extremity of the upper, four times and one-third. The triangular part of the upper jaw, formed by the intermaxillaries, is as broad as long. The diameter of the eye equals the width of the interorbital space, and is contained once and three-fourths in the length of the postorbital part of the head. The root of the ventral fin is nearer to the caudal than to the axil of the pectoral. Dorsal and anal fins scaleless, the former much longer than the latter. Caudal fin deeply forked, the central rays being shorter than the eye. Back dark greenish; sides with a rather indistinct silvery band. Palm Islands (Chevert Exp.) BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 247 871. Hemirhamphus Commersoxii, Cuv. & Val. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VI., p. 271.— Bleek., Atl. Ichth. Scombr., tab. 6, fig1. 3. D. 13-14. A. 12. L.lat. 54. Yert. 38/16. The length of the entire head is contained twice and two-thirds in the total (without caudal), the length of the lower jaw beyond the extremity of the upper, four times and one-third. The triangular part of the upper jaw formed by the intermasillaries, is much broader than long. The diameter of the eye is less than the width of the interorbital space, and two-thirds of the length of the postorbital part of the head. The root of the ventral fin is equally distant from the base of the caudal and the extremity of the pectoral fins. Dorsal and anal fins scaly anteriorly — the former much longer than the latter. Caudal fin deeply forked, the central rays being equal in length to the diameter of the eye. Back dark greenish ; sides with a silvery band and four rounded blackish blotches. From Port Jackson to Cape Yoi'k. 872. Hemirhamphus Quoyi, Cuv. & Val. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VI., p. 267.— Bleek., Atl. Ichth. Scombr., tab. 4, fig. 3. D. 16. A. 14. P. 12. L. lat. 50-55. Body tetrahedral, as broad as deep. The length of the head is contained from three times and a half to three times and two- thirds in the total length, that of the snout five times and a half or six times, and that of the prominent part of the lower jaw eight or eleven times. Upper jaw broader than long. The diameter of the eye is contained once and one-third in the length of the postorbital part of the head, and is equal to the width of the interorbital space. The dorsal fin commences before the anal ; the ventrals are inserted in the fourth sixth of the total length, 248 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, with the inner ray shortest ; caudal fin deeply forked, the lower lobe longest. Sides with a silvery band. South Coast New Guinea (Chevert Exp.) 873. Heuiriiamphus amblyurus, Bleek. Atl. Ichth, Scombr., tab. 4, fig. 1. — Gunth., Cat. Fishes VI., p. 273. D. 13. A. 10. P. 9. L. lat. 46. Head and body strongly compressed. The length of the head is contained twice and a fifth in the total (without caudal), that of the snout twice and three-fourths, and that of the prominent part of the lower jaw thrice ; upper jaw twice as long as broad, one-fourth of the length of the prominent part cf the lower. The diameter of the eye is less than the width of the interorbital space, and less than one-half the length of the postorbital part of the head ; vertex flat. The ventral fins are twice as remote from the angle of the prreoperculum as from the root of the caudal fin. Caudal fin rounded; anal rays slightly dilated. Sides with a very indistinct silvery band. Port Darwin. Length five and a-half inches. Genus Arrhampiius, Gunth. Differs only from Uemirhamphus in not having the lower jaw produced into a beak. Australian Coasts. 874. Arriiamphus sclerolepis, Gunth. Gunth., Cat. Pishes VI., p. 277. D. 13. A. 15. L. lat. 43. The body is compressed, its greatest depth being contained six times and a half in the total length (without caudal) ; the length of the head is a little less than one-fourth of the same. The triangular part of the upper jaw, formed by the intermaxil- BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 249 laries, is a little broader than long ; the lower projects conspicu- ously before the upper. The diameter of the eye is considerably less than the width of the interorbital space, and two-thirds of the length of the postorbital part of the head. The whole of the upper surface of the head, except the intermaxillaries, is scaly. The insertion of the ventral fin is nearer to the extremity of the snout than to the base of the caudal. Pectoral fin two-thirds as long as the head ; the dorsal commences opposite the anal, both fins scaly at the base. Caudal fin forked, its central rays much longer than the eye. Seven longitudinal series of scales between the origins of the dorsal and anal fins ; the one above the lowest pierced by pores ; the others with a slight keel. Sides with a well defined silvery streak, half as broad as a scale. Port Darwin. Brisbane. Genus Exoccetus, Artedi. Jaws short, intermaxillaries and maxillaries separate. Teeth minute, rudimental, and apparently sometimes absent. Body moderately oblong, covered with rather large scales. Pectoral fins very long, formed for flying. All the dorsal and anal rays connected by a membrane. Gill-openings very wide. Intestinal tract simple without pyloric appendages. Air-bladder large. Tropical and temperate seas. 875. Exocxetus micropterus, Cuv. and Val. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VI., p. 279.— Bleek., Atl. Ichth. Scombr., tab 3, fig. 1. D. 15. A. 14-16. Two short barbels at the symphysis of the lower jaw. Body rounded, its height being rather more than one-sixth of the length (without caudal) ; the length of the head two-ninths of the same. Lower jaw prominent, but not produced. The length of the pectoral fin is only two-sevenths of the total length (without Q 250 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, caudal) ; insertion of the ventral midway between the root of the caudal and the axil of the pectoral. Australian Seas (Ghmther). 876. Exoccetus evolans, L. Ghinth., Cat. Fishes VI., p. 282.— White, Voy. N.S. Wales, pi. 52, fig. 2. D. 13-14. A. 13-14. L. lat. 42. Vert. 25/19. The height of the body is two-elevenths of the length (without caudal) ; the length of the head one-fourth. The depth of the head is less than the distance between the extremity of the snout and the hind margin of the praeoperculuin, and is contained once and three-fourths in its length. Snout obtuse and short, three- fourths the length of the diameter of the eye, which is nearly one-fourth of the length of the head, and somewhat less than the width of the interorbital space, which is quite flat. The pectoral fin extends to the root of the caudal. Ventral fin midway between the end of the snout and of the dorsal fin, terminating at a great distance from the vent. The dorsal fin commences a little in advance of the anal, its anterior rays not being half as long as the head. There are twenty scales between the occiput and the origin of the dorsal, and six longitudinal series of scales between the origin of the dorsal and the lateral line. Pectoral uniform blackish, with the lower border whitish. Ventrals white. North Coast of Australia. 877. ExoccsTUs speculiger, Cuv. & Val. G-unth., Cat. Fishes VI., p. 287.— Bleek., Atl. Ichth. Scombr., tab. 5., fig. 4. D. 11-12. A. 12-13. L lat. 50. Vert. 28/17. The height of the body is one-sixth or nearly one-seventh of the length (without caudal) ; the length of the head two-ninths. The depth of the head equals the distance between the extremity BY "W. MACLEAY, P.L.S. 251 of the snout and the hind margin of the orbit. Snout rather produced, scarcely equal in length to the diameter of the eye, which is one-third of the length of the head, and less than the width of the interorbital space, which is slightly concave. The pectoral fin extends beyond the dorsal and anal, nearly to the rudimentaiy rays of the caudal. Ventral fins nearly midway between the eye and the root of the caudal, extending to the end of the base of the anal. The dorsal commences a little behind the origin of the anal, its anterior rays are half as long as the head. There are twenty-nine scales between the occiput and the origin of the dorsal fin, and six or seven longitudinal series of scales between the origin of the dorsal and the lateral line. Pectoral with an oblique white band across its lower half and with a broad whitish edge. Ventrals white, the middle rays greyish. Australia (GKinther). 878. Exoccetus robustus, Gunth. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VI., p. 289. D. 14. A. 10. L. lat. 49. The height of the body is two-elevenths of the length (without caudal) ; the length of the head two-ninths. The depth of the head equals the distance between the extremity of the snout and the hind margin of the orbit. Snout a little produced, scarcely equal in length to the diameter of the eye, which is two-sevenths of the length of the head, and less than the width of the inter- orbital space, which is quite flat. The pectoral fin extends beyond the dorsal and anal, nearly to the rudimentary rays of the caudal. Ventral fins nearly midway between the nostril and the root of the caudal, extending beyond the middle of the base of the anal. The dorsal fin commences far in advance of the anal ; its anterior rays are not quite half as long as the head. There are twenty- eight scales between the occiput and the origin of the dorsal fin, 252 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, and eight longitudinal series of scales "between the origin of the dorsal, and the lateral line. Pectoral fin with a broadish oblique whitish band across its anterior half, and with a whitish margin. Ventrals white, the middle rays greyish. Australia (Grunther). Length sixteen inches. 879. Exoco3tus nigripinnis, Cuv. & Val. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VI., p. 298.— Bleek., Atl. Ichth. Scombr., tab 5, fig. 1. D. 10-11. A. 10-12. L. lat. 48-50. The height of the body is one-sixth or a little less of the length (without caudal), the length of the head two-ninths, The depth of the head equals the distance between the extremity of the snout and the hind margin of the prreoperculum. Snout obtuse and very short, scarcely more than half the length of the diameter of the eye, which is two-fifths of the length of the head, and is less than the width of the interorbital space, which is concave. The pectoral fin extends to the end of the dorsal, or root of the caudal. Ventral fin midway between the eye and the root of the caudal, extending nearly to the end of the tail. The dorsal commences above the origin of the anal, its anterior rays being more than half as long as the head. There are twenty-nine scales between the occiput and the origin of the dorsal fin, and six longitudinal series of scales between the origin of the dorsal and the lateral line. Pectoral and ventral fins black. West. Australia. AVarrior Reef (Chevert Exp.) 880. Exoccrtus atrodorsalis, Gunth. Gunth., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1867, Vol. XX., p. 67. D. 8-9. A. 10. L. lat. 35. The pectoral fin extends to the end of the dorsal. The ventral fin is scarcely nearer to the root of the caudal than to the end of the snout, extending to the origin of the anal. Dorsal fin BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 253 elevated, its longest anterior rays being as long as the head ; it commences in front of the anal. Upper pectoral rays blackish, lower whitish ; dorsal fin entirely black. Cape York. Length five inches. Family VIII. CYPKINIDJE. Body generally covered with scales, head naked. Margin of the upper jaw formed by the intermaxillaries. Belly rounded, or if trenchant, without ossicles. No adipose fin. Stomach without blind sac. Pyloric appendages none. Mouth toothless ; lower pharyngeal bones well developed, falciform, subparallel to the branchial arches, provided with teeth, which are arranged in one, two or three series. Air-bladder large, divided into an anterior and posterior portion by a constriction, or into a right and left portion, enclosed in an osseous capsule. Ovarian sacs closed. Fresh waters of the World. Genus Neocarassius, Casteln. Scales large. Belly compressed into a sharp ridge behind the ventrals, the scales of one side not overlapping on the other. Dorsal fin short, with a strong serrated ray, behind the ventral ; anal fin short. Cleft of the mouth lateral. Barbels none. Allied to Rohteiclitlajs. Australia. 881. Neocarassius ventricosus, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. I., p. 237. D. 21. A. 8. V. 8. P. 19. L. lat. 30. L. transv. 7/8. Body very high and thick, with the belly very round and prominent ; the height is twice and a third in the total length ; the length of tho head four times and a half ; the diameter of the orbit four-tenths of the length of the head. Large scales on the 254 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, infraorbital bone ; lateral line straight. Caudal fin emarginate. Colour a golden green or red, with the under parts silvery- white. Salt-water river, Melbourne. Two specimens, nine and ten inches in length. Genus Leuciscus, Cuv. Body covered with imbricate scales ; lateral line generally complete, running in, or only a little below, the median line of the tail. Dorsal fin short without stiff ray, commencing opposite, rarely behind, the ventrals. Anal fin rather short or moderately developed, generally with from nine to eleven rays, rarely with eight, and still more rarely with fourteen rays. Mouth without structural peculiarities ; lower jaw not trenchant ; barbels none. Pseudobranchia3. Pharyngeal teeth conical or compressed, in a single or double series. Intestinal tract short, with only a few convolutions. Eivers of the Northern Hemisphere. Australia ? 882. Leuciscus ? austkalis, Casteln. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8.W. Vol. III., p. 51. Norman Eiver. Pamily IX. GONOKHYNCHLD^E. Head and body entirely covered with spiny scales ; mouth with barbels. Margin of the upper jaw formed by the intermaxillary, which although short, is continued downwards as a thick lip, situated in front of the maxillary. Adipose fin none ; the dorsal is opposite to the ventrals and short like the anal. Stomach simple, without blind sac ; pyloric appendages in small number. Pseudobranchuc ; air-bladder absent. Gill-openings narrow. Genus Gonoriiyncuus, Gronov. Body elongate, subcylindrical ; head pointed ; snout conically projecting beyond the mouth, which is inferior and semicircular. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 255 A single barbel behind the end of the snout ; lips thick, fringed. Eye large, covered by the transparent shin. Teeth none in the jaws or on the palate ; two patches of obtuse teeth behind the palate, on the pterygoid bones, opposed to a single larger patch on the hyoid. A lobe of the mucous membrane is suspended from the roof of the mouth, in front of the teeth. Dorsal fin opposite to the ventrals, these fins being approximate to the vent ; caudal fin subtruncate. Gill-membranes grown to the isthmus. A fringed gill-like organ behind the fourth branchial arch, one half being attached to this arch, the other half to the humeral arch. Branchiostegals four. South Africa. Australia. New Zealand, &c. 883. Gonoriiynchus Greyi, Kichards. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VII., p. 373. Gonorhi/nchus hrevis, Kner., Voy. Novar., p. 342, pi. 16, fig. 1. B. 4. D. 11-13. A. 9. V. 9. Ca3c. pylor. 6-9. Scales very small. The height of the body is about one-half of the length of the head, which is from two-ninths to one-sixth of the total length (without caudal). Terminal portion of the fins black, edged with white. West Australia, South Australia, and Victoria. Family X. OSTEOGLOSSID2E. Body covered with large hard scales, composed of pieces like Mosaic ; head scaleless, its integuments nearly entirely replaced by bone ; lateral line composed of wide openings of the mucus- duct. Margin of the upper jaw formed by the intermaxillaries mesially, and by the maxillaries laterally. The dorsal fin belongs to the caudal portion of the vertebral column, and is opposite and very similar to the anal fin ; both approximate to the rounded caudal, with which they are abnormally confluent. Gill-openings wide ; pseudobranchiao none ; air-bladder simple or cellular. Stomach without caocal sac ; pyloric appendages two. 256 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, Genus Osteoglossum Vandelli. Body more or less elongate, compressed, with the abdomen compressed into a trenchant edge ; cleft of the mouth very wide, oblique, with the lower jaw prominent. A pair of barbels at the lower jaw. Maxillary very long, styliform, scarcely proh'actile. Jaws with a series of small teeth ; bands of rasp-like teeth on the vomer, palatine and pterygoid bones, on the tongue and hyoid. Pectoral fins elongate. Gill-membranes nearly entirely separate ; branchiostegals rather numerous ; air-bladder simple. Stomach without blind sac ; two pyloric appendages. Rivers of tropical America, Australia, and East Indian Archipelago. 884. Osteoglossum Leiciiardti, Gunth. Scleropages Leiciiardti, Gunth., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1864. Vol. XIV., p. 196, pi. 7.— Cat. Fishes VII., p. 378. " JBurramundi " of the Aborigines of the Dawson Eiver. D. 20. A. 31. V. 5. L. lat. 35. L. transv. 3/4. The length of the head is contained thrice and three-fourths in the total length (without caudal), and rather more than the distance between the pectoral and ventral fins. A distinct space between anal and caudal. Barbels very small. Queensland Rivers. Length, from two to three feet. Family XL CLUPELDvE. Body covered with scales ; head naked ; barbels none. Abdomen frequently compressed into a serrated edge. Margin of the upper jaw formed by the intermaxillaries mesially, and by the maxillaries laterally ; maxillaries composed of three, some- times moveable, pieces. Opercular apparatus complete. Adipose fin none. Dorsal not elongate ; anal sometimes very long. Stomach with a blind sac ; pyloric appendages numerous. Gill- BY W. MACXEAY, F.L.S. 257 apparatus much developed, the gill-openings being generally very wide. Pseudobranchiao large except in Megalops. Air- bladder more or less simple. Genus Exgraulis, Cuv. & Yal. Body oblong, compressed. Scales large or of moderate size. Snout more or less conical, projecting beyond the lower jaw. Generally small teeth in the jaws, on the vomer, palatine and pterygoid bones. Intermaxillaries very small, hidden ; maxillary long, attached to the cheek by a scarcely distensible membrane. Anal fin of moderate or great length. Union of the gill-membranes very short, leaving the isthmus uncovered, the gill-openings being extremely wide. Branchiostegals short, from nine to fourteen in number. Temperate and tropical seas, entering rivers. 885. Engraulis antarcticus, Casteln. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, Vol. IV., p. 365. 1 Victoria and Tasmania. 886. Engraulis nasutus, Casteln. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. IV., p. 367. Norman River. Genus Chatoessus, Cuv. & Val. Body compressed, abdomen serrated. Scales of moderate size. Snout obtuse, or obtusely conical, more or less projecting beyond the cleft of the mouth, which is narrow, and more or less transverse. The maxillary is joined to the ethnoid bone, its upper portion being behind the intermaxillary. Teeth none. Anal fin rather long ; dorsal opposite to the ventrals or to the space between the ventrals and anal. Gill-membranes entirely separate ; branchial arches forming two angles, one pointing 258 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, forwards, the other backwards ; the fourth branchial arch with an accessory organ ; branchiostegals of moderate length, five or six in number. Coasts and freshwaters of America, Australia and East Indies. 887. Chatoessus erebi, Richards. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. IV., p. 368. North and "West Coasts. 888. Chatoessus Riciiardsoni, Casteln. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. IV., p. 369. Rivers of the Murray system. Genus Brisbania, Casteln. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. II., p. 241. 889. Brisbania Staigeri, Casteln. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. II., p. 241-3, pi. 3. Brisbane River. Genus Clupea, Cuv. Body compressed, with the abdominal serrature extending forwards into the thoracic region. Scales of moderate or large, rarely of small size. Upper jaw not projecting beyond the lower. Cleft of the mouth of moderate -width; teeth, if present, rudi- mentary and deciduous. Anal fin of moderate extent, with less than thirty rays ; dorsal fin opposite to the ventrals. Caudal fin forked. All seas ; many species entering fresh waters. 890. Clupea sagax, Jenyns. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. IV., p. 371. Tasmania, Victoria, New South Wales. BY "W. MACLEAY, F.L.S 259 891. Ci/crrEA suxdaica, Bleek. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. IV, p. 373. Port Jackson. Hawkesbury Elver. 892. Clupea hypselosoma, Bleek. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. IV., p. 375. Port Jackson. 893. Clupea moluccensis, Bleek. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. IV., p. 376. Port Jackson. 894. Clupea tembang, Bleek. Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S. Wales, Vol. IV., p. 377. Torres Straits (Ckevert Exp.) 895. Clufea Nov.e-Hollandi.e, Cuv. & Val. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. IV., p. 378. Nepean River. 896. Clupea vittata, Casteln. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. IV., p. 379. Eivers of Victoria. 897. Clupea eichmondia, Macl. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. IV., p. 380. Richmond River. 898. Clupea Sclegelii, Casteln. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. IV.. p. 380. 899. Clupea sprattus. L. Gunth., Cat. Pishes VII., p. 419.— Proc. Zool. Soc, 1871, p. G72. 260 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, The " Sprat " or " Garvie " of England. B. 6-7. D. 15-18. A. 17-20. V. 7. L. lat. 47-48. Vert. 47-49. Scales deciduous, smooth. The height of the body is about equal to the length of the head. Lower jaw prominent, the maxillary extending to somewhat beyond the vertical from the front margin of the eye. An elongate ovate patch of very small teeth on the tongue, none on the vomer. Gill-rakers very fine, closely set, rather shorter than the eye. Ventral even with the origin of the dorsal. There are eleven or twelve abdominal scutes behind the root of the ventrals. Operculum without radiating stria). Tasmania (Gunther). * Genus Spratelloides, Bleek. Body slightly compressed or subcylindrical, elongate. Abdomen obtuse, without keel or serrature. Scales of moderate size, deciduous ; lateral line none. Snout compressed, formed as in Cliipea. Teeth none, or minute and deciduous. Anal fin short; dorsal opposite to the ventrals. Gill-membranes separate, with about six short flat branchiostegals. Pseudobranchia) well developed. Pyloric appendages in moderate number ; stomach with a long blind sac. Ovaries closed, with oviducts. Indian and Australian seas. West Indies. (J00. Spratelloides delicatulus, Beun. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. IV., p. 381. Darnley Island (Chevert Exp.) Genus Etrumeus, Bleek. Body elongate, subcylindrical ; abdomen not compressed or serrated. Scales of moderate size, very deciduous ; lateral lino nunc. Snout pointed ; jaws and mouth formed as in Clapca, but with the supplementary bones of the maxillary very narrow. Jaws BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 261 with small but fixed non-deciduous teeth ; patches of villiform teeth on the vomer, the palatine and pterygoid bones, anal on the tongue. Dorsal Jin entirely in advance of the ventrals ; anal fin short. Gill-membranes entirely separate, with numerous fine branchi- ostegals ; pseudobranchise well developed. Pyloric appendages numerous. Japan; North Atlantic ; Australia. 901. Etrumeus Jacksoxiexsis, Macl. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. III., p. 36, pi. 4, fig.l. Port Jackson. Genus Elops, L. Body rather elongate, moderately compressed ; abdomen flat. Scales small, adherent : lateral line distinct. A narrow osseous lamella, attached to the mandibulary symphysis, covers the part between the mandibles. Snout pointed, mouth wide, anterior ; intermaxillary short, maxillary forming the lateral part of the mouth. Bands of villiform teeth in the jaws, on the vomer, palatine and pterygoid bones, on the tongue and on the base of the skull. Dorsal fin opposite the ventrals ; anal rather shorter than dorsal. Gill-membranes entirely sej)arate, with very numerous branchiostegals. Pseudobranchite well developed. Pyloric appendages numerous. Tropical and subtropical seas. 902. Elops saurus, L. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. IV., p. 382. Port Jackson. North Coast. Genus Megalops, Lacep. Body oblong, compressed; abdomen flat. Scales large, adherent; lateral line ^distinct. A narrow osseous lamella 262 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, attached to the mandibulary symphysis between the mandibles. Snout obtusely conical ; mouth anterior, lower jaw prominent ; intermaxillary short, the maxillary forming the lateral part of the mouth. Bands of villiform teeth in the jaws, on the vomer, palatine and pterygoid bones, on the tongue and on the base of the skull. Dorsal fin opposite to, or immediately behind, the ventrals ; anal rather longer than the dorsal. Gill-membranes entirely separate ; with numerous branchiostegals. Pseudo- branchire none. Pyloric appendages numerous. Tropical seas, entering rivers. 903. Megalops cyprixoides, Brouss. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. IV., p. 383. Hawkesbury Piver. Genus Ciianos, Lacep. Body oblong, compressed ; abdomen flat. Scales small, striated, adherent ; lateral line distinct. Snout depressed ; mouth small, anterior, transverse, the lower jaw with a small symphysial tubercle. Intermaxillary in juxtaposition to the upper anterior edge of the maxillary. Teeth none. Dorsal fin opposite to the ventrals ; anal small, shorter than the dorsal ; caudal deeply forked. Gill-membranes entirely united below, and free from the isthmus. Branchiostegals four, long. PseudobranchiaB well developed. An accessory branchial organ in a cavity behind the gill-cavity proper. Air-bladder divided by a constriction into an anterior and posterior portion. Mucous membrane of the oesophagus raised into a spiral fold. Pyloric appendages numerous ; intestine with many convolutions. Indian and Pacific Oceans. 904. Ciiaxos salmoxeus, Bl. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. IV., p. 383. Port Jackson (rare), North Coast. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 263 Family XII. CHIROCENTRIDJE. Body covered with thin deciduous scales ; barbels none. Margin of the upper jaw formed by the intermaxillaries mesially and by the maxillaries laterally, both bones being firmly united by juxta-position. Opercular apparatus complete. Adipose fin none ; the dorsal fin belongs to the caudal portion of the vertebral column. Stomach with a blind sac ; intestine short, the mucous membrane forming a spiral fold ; pyloric appendages none. Pseuclobranchioe none; air-bladder incompletely divided into cells ; gill-opening wide. Genus Cihrocentrtjs, Cuv. Body elongate, compressed, with the abdomen trenchant ; cleft of the mouth wide, oblique, with the lower jaw prominent. Lower jaw with a series of large canine teeth; intermaxillary with a pair of horizontal canines. Narrow bands of minute teeth on the palatine and pterygoid bones and on the tongue. Dorsal fin short, opposite to the anal, which is long. A long pointed osseous appendage at the base of the pectoral ; ventral fins very small. Gill-membranes united for a short distance, with eight branchiostegals. From Africa to China. 905. Chirocentrus dorab, Forsk. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIL, p. 475.— Bleek., Atl. Ichth. Chip., tab. 11, fig. 3. B. 8. D. 16-17. A. 33-34. V. 7. Vert. 29/46. The height of the body is less than the length of the head, which is about two-elevenths of the total length exclusive of the caudal fin. Coloration uniform. Port Jackson. Cape York. Length three feet. 264 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, Family XIII. ALEPOCEPHALIDiE. Body covered with thin cycloid scales ; head naked ; barbels none. Margin of the upper jaw formed by the intermaxillaries and mamillaries, the former being placed along the upper anterior edge of the latter. Opercular apparatus complete. Adipose fin none ; the dorsal fin belongs to the caudal portion of the vertebral column. Stomach curved, without blind sac ; pyloric appendages in moderate number. Pseudobranchia> ; air-bladder absent. Gill-openings very wide. Genus Alepocepiialus, Bisso. Body oblong, compressed ; cleft of the mouth of moderate width with the jaws nearly even in front ; a series of small teeth on ihe intermaxillaries, mandibles and palatine bones. Dorsal and anal fins subequal in length, opposite to each other; caudal emarginate. Bones thin. Gill-membranes entirely separate, with six branchi- ostegals. Deep sea Fishes. 906. Alepocepiialus niger, Gunth. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1878, Vol. II., p. 218. D. 21. A. 27. Scales small. The length of the head is one-third of che total length without the caudal fin. Snout projecting beyond the mouth. Black. North of Australia, 1,400 fathoms (Challenger). Family XIV. SYMBPANCHIDiE. Body elongate, naked or covered with minute scales ; barbels none. Margin of the upper jaw formed by the intermaxillaries only, the well developed maxillaries lying behind and parallel to them. Paired fins none. Vertical fins rudimentary, reduced to more or less distinct cutaneous folds. Vent situated at a great BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 265 distance behind the head. Eibs present. Gill-openings confluent into one slit situated on the ventral surface. Air-bladder none. Stomach without ca>cal sac, or pyloric appendages. Ovaries with oviducts. Genus Symbranciius, Bl. Body naked. Four branchial arches with well developed gills. No accessory breathing sac. Gill-membrane free from the isthmus. Palatine teeth in a band. Warm Seas. 907. Symbranchus gutturalis, Eichards. Yoy. Erebus and Terror, Fishes, p. 49, pi. 30, figs. 14-17. Body cylindrical ; tail compressed. The colour is of an uniform liver brown, slightly paler along the ventral line and darker towards the tip of the tail. The throat and cheeks with the snout are bluish-grey, mottled thickly with brown spots and lines. The eyes are small and situated near the snout. Dampier's Archipelago. Port Darwin. Dr. Gunther looks upon this species as identical with Ophisternon hengalensis, M' CI ell., and Si/mbranchus immacidatus, Miiller. Genus Chilobranchus, Eichards. Body naked, compressed, subcylindrical in front, moderately elongate. Head small ; snout very obtuse and short ; mouth narrow, with the upper jaw slightly protractile ; eye of moderate size. Teeth in the jaws in a single series ; none on the palate. Gill-opening transverse, the gill-membrane not attached to the isthmus ; hinder edge of the gill-opening with a raised lip. Four branchial arches, no slit behind the fourth ; gills well developed ; no accessory breathing-sac. Vent in the anterior half of the total length, with a minute papilla. Vertical fins reduced to a simple cutaneous fold, without rays. Intestinal tract straight — the R 266 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, stomachal dilatation being longer than the intestine proper, and provided with a short coecal appendage near its upper end. Australia. 908. Cjiilobranciius dorsalis, Richards. Yoy. Erebus and Terror, p. 50, pi. 30, figs. 1-5. — G- unth., Cat. Fishes VIII., p. 18. The length of the head somewhat less than half the distance between the gill-opening and the vent. Colour blackish-brown, with a median dorsal line, and the dorsal and anal fins of a paler hue. Vert. 21/52. N. W. Australia. 909. ClIILOBRANCHUS RUFUS, 11. sp. The length of the head is about one-third of the distance between the gill-opening and vent. The colour is red, with six or seven large blue or dark purple spots along each side becoming fainter towards the tail. Port Jackson. Tasmania. Length under three inches. Family XV. MUKJENIDJE. Body elongate, cylindrical or band shaped, naked or with rudimentary scales. Vent situated at a great distance from the head. Ventral fin none. Vertical fins, if present, confluent, or separated by the projecting tip of the tail. Sides of the upper jaw formed by the tooth-bearing maxillaries, the fore part by the intermaxillary, which is more or less coalescent with the vomer and ethnoid. Humeral arch not attached to the skull. Stomach with a blind sac ; no pyloric appendages. Organs of reproduction without efferent ducts. Sub-Family I. MUR2ENIDJE PLATYSCHISTiE. The branchial openings in the pharynx arc wide. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 267 Genus Anguilla, Cuv. Small scales are imbedded in the skin. Upper jaw not pro- jecting beyond the lower. Teeth small, forming bands. Grill- openings narrow, at the base of the pectoral fins. The dorsal fin commences at a considerable distance from the occiput. Seas and rivers of the whole World. 910. Ak-guilla reixhardtii, Steind. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIII., p. 27. The length of the head is contained once and one-third in the distance of the gill-opening from the origin of the dorsal fin, one- half of its distance from the vent, and conspicuously more than the distance between the commencement of the dorsal and anal fins. Snout long, depressed, spatulate ; lips fleshy. The cleft of the mouth extends to the vertical from, or scarcely beyond, the hind margin of the eye, which is small. Vomerine teeth in a band, which is rather broad anteriorly, being broader in the middle than the maxillary band, and extending equally far back- wards. The mandibulary band of teeth is longitudinally divided by a narrow groove. Tail not much longer than the body. Upper parts greenish, with numerous black spots which disappear with age. Sydney. Hawkesbury. Cape York. Eichmond Eiver. 911. Axguilla australis, Eichards. Voy. Erebus and Terror, p. 112, pi. 45, figs. 1-5.— Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIIL, p. 36. The dorsal fin commences at a very shore distance in advance of the anal. The length of the head is contained twice and a third or twice and two-thirds in the distance of the gill-opening from the vent. Angle of the mouth below the posterior part of the eye. Lips fleshy. Teeth equally small, forming broadish, flat bands, the mandibulary and vomerine bands being broader 268 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, than the maxillary hand. The vomerine hand does not extend so far backwards as the maxillary band. Tail rather longer than the body. Tasmania, Victorian and N.S. Wales coasts and rivers. Genus Conger, Cuv. Scaleless. Cleft of the mouth wide, extending at least to below the middle of the eye. Maxillary and mandibulary teeth arranged in series, one of which contains teeth of equal size, and so closely set as to form a cutting edge ; no canines ; vomerine band short. Pectoral and vertical fins well developed ; the dorsal commencing behind the root of the pectoral. Gill-opening large, approximate to the abdomen. The posterior nostril opposite to the upper or middle part of the orbit ; the anterior in a tube. Eyes well developed. Temperate and Tropical Seas. 912. Conger margin atus, Val. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIIL, p. 38.— Bleek., Atl. Ichth. Mur., pi. 23, fig. 2. The dorsal fin commences conspicuously in advance of the extremity of the pectoral. Posterior nostril slightly below the level of the antero-posterior angle of the orbit. Upper jaw scarcely longer than the lover. The vomerine teeth reach back- wards to or somewhat beyond the tip of the tongue. Greyish or blackish ; vertical fins with a black edge ; pectorals frequently with a black spot. Torres Straits. 913. Conger vulgaris, Cuv. Gunth., Cat. Pishes VIIL, p. 38.— Bleek., Atl. Ichth. Mur., pi. 5, fig. 2. The dorsal fin begins opposite, or nearly opposite, to the extremity of the pectoral. Posterior nostril on a level with the BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 269 antero-superior angle of the orbit. Jaws nearly even in front. The vomerine teeth reach backwards nearly to the tip of the tongue. Body and pectoral fin immaculate. Tasmania. Endeavour River. 914. Conger Wilsoni, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. I., p. 193. Gymnothorax Wilsoni, Bloch ? The height of the body is about twenty times in the length ; the distance of the muzzle to the gill-opening eight times in the same. Head elongate. Teeth long, straight and placed close together, forming a cluster in front ; the anterior teeth are smaller than those behind ; a sharp crenulated ridge inside the row of teeth. The dorsal fin commences behind the extremity of the pectoral and is composed of about three hundred and twenty rays ; the anal commences a little before the middle of the entire length and has about two hundred and sixty rays, The pectorals are about one-fourth of the length of the head. Colour shining brownish-black, becoming greyish white on the belly. The lateral line is black and there are large, marbled, pinkish-white spots on the posterior part of the body. Melbourne. Tasmania. Length four to five feet. 915. Conger labiatus, Casteln. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. HI., p. 396. Port Jackson. Genus Congromur/Ena, Kaup. Scaleless, Bones of the front part of the head with large muciferous cavities, Cleft of the mouth narrow, not extending backwards beyond the middle of the eye. All the teeth small, fine, forming bands ; those of the jaws not forming a cutting edge. Vomerine band narrow, long. Pectoral and vertical fins 270 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISIIES, well developed, the dorsal beginning' nearly above the gill- opening-. The posterior nostril opposite to the middle of the eye ; the anterior with a very short tube. Eyes large. Tropical and subtropical seas. 916. CONGROMTJEJENA HABENATA, Bichai'tls. Gr until,, Cat. Fishes VIII., p. 42. — Eicharcls., Yoy. Erebus and Terror, pi. 50, fig. 1-5. Upper jaw much projecting beyond the lower. Eips moderately developed ; the cleft of the mouth extends nearly to below the middle of the eye. Tail rather longer than the body. Dorsal fin beginning immediately behind the base of the pectoral. Vertical fins with a narrow black margin. Melbourne (once seen). Bondi (one specimen cast on beach). Genus Murjenesox, M'Clell. Scaleless. Snout produced. Jaws with several series of small closely set teeth ; anteriorly with canines ; vomer with several long series of teeth, the middle of which is formed by large conical or compressed teeth. Gill-openings wide, approximate to the abdomen. Eectoral and vertical fins well developed, the dorsal beginning above the gill-opening. Two pairs of nostrils, the posterior opposite to the upper part or middle of the eye. Warm Seas. 817. Mur.exesox cixereus, Forsk. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIII., p. 46. M. bacjio, Peters.— Bleek., Atl. Ichth. Mur., pi. 26, fig. 2. " The Silver Eel" of Sydney Fishermen. Vomerine teeth compressed, with a basal lobe in front and behind ; the teeth of the inner scries of the mandible similar in form to, and much smaller than, thoso of the vomer, and but BY "W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 271 rarely with basal lobes ; those of the outer series rudimentary, not bent outwards. Silvery. Port Jackson. Genus Myropiiis, Liitken. Nostrils on the margin of the upper lip, the anterior tubular. Pectoral fins well developed ; vertical fins low, surrounding1 the tail ; the dorsal commencing- far behind the pectoral. Teeth bi- or tri-serial, uni-serial on the hinder part of the vomer. Tropical Atlantic. Australia. 918. MYRorins ciirysogaster, u. sp. Length of the head about one-twelfth of the total length ; length of tail twice that of the body, without the head. The dorsal fin appears to commence (it is so low as to be difficult of detection) about midway between the gill-opening and the vent. Snout rather long, rounded and rather depressed in front, the nasal tubes large. The teeth have a round molar appearance. The colour seems to have been reddish-brown, becoming yellowish on the belly. Length two feet. Port Darwin. 919. MYRorins australis, Casteln. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Yol. III., p. 39G. Port Jackson. Genus Blaxciiardia, Casteln. Body scaly and very elongate. Mouth broad ; teeth in numerous series, pavement like, extending in a longitudinal line over the palate and posterior part of the mouth ; nostrils in front of the eyes, not tubular. The dorsal fin commences a little behind the insertion of the pectorals and is continuous with the caudal and anal ; pectorals rather large ; vent a little nearer the 272 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, snout than to the base of the caudal fin. Gill-openings broad, extending under the posterior and inferior edges of the opercle. Queensland. 920. Blanchardia maculata, Casteln. Researches on the Fishes of Australia, p. 47. The scales on the body are small and disposed in oblique trans- verse lines. The length of the head is eight times and one-third in the total length ; the caudal fin is longer than the pectoral and equal to the height of the body. Colour (in spirits) light lilac, covered with minute dark brown spots ; lower part of the head and body yellow and immaculate. Queensland. Length five inches. Genus Mur^enichtiiys, Bleek. Body long, cylindrical, vermiform. Nostrils on the margin of the upper lip. No pectoral fins. Dorsal fin low or rudimentary, commencing at a great distance behind the gill-opening. Gill- opening narrow. Eyes small. East Indian Archipelago. Australia. 921. MURTENICHTIIYS AUSTRALIS, 11. SJ). Body very slender, its depth being about one-sixtieth of its length, the length of the head is one-fifteenth. The dorsal fin is scarcely visible and commences exactly over the vent, the distance from the vent to the muzzle is one-fourth less than that from the vent to the extremity of the tail. Snout pointed, the upper jaw much exceeding the lower ; teeth equal, regular and cardiform ; the eye rather behind the middle of the cleft of tho mouth. Colour reddish-yellow. Length ten inches. Lane Cove, Port Jackaon. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 273 922. MuR/EXICHTHYS BREVICEPS, Gunth. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1876, Vol. XVII., p. 401. The origin of the dorsal fin is twice as distant from the vent as from the gill-opening. The length of the head is only one-third or two-sevenths of the distance of the gill-opening from the vent or one-eleventh of the total length. Snout very long and narrow, the cleft of the niouth extending to behind the eye. Teeth bi-serial. Tasmania. Length twenty inches. Genus Ophichthys, Gunth. The extremity of the tail free, not surrounded by the continu- ation of the dorsal and anal fins. Teeth on the vomer as well as in the jaws. Warm Seas. 923. OrniCTiTHYs serpens, L. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIII., p. 65. The length of the head is contained thrice and two-thirds or four times in the distance between the gill-opening and the vent. Snout slender, produced into a point ; cleft of the mouth very wide, half as long as the head. Eye of moderate size, two sevenths of the length of the snout, situated in the anterior third of the head. Teeth pointed, fixed, unequal in size, those of the inter- maxillary and maxillary bi-serial, the others uni-serial. The intermaxillary teeth, the anterior ones of the mandible and those of the vomer, are canines. Gill-openings rather wide. Vertical fins moderately developed ; the distance between the base of the pectoral and origin of the dorsal is twice or rather more than twice the length of the pectoral, which is about one-sixth of that of the head. The length of the body is somewhat more than half the length of the tail. Silvery, brownish-red above, whitish beneath. Lane Cove, Port Jackson. X 2/4 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, 924. Ophichtiiys cepiialozoxa, Bleek. Atl. Ichth. Mur., p. 49, pi. 12, fig. 2.— Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIII., p. 69. Body purplish-brown ; nape with a very broad, deep black cross band broadly edged with white in front and behind. Dorsal and anal fins tricoloured — brownish along the base, black along the middle, aud white along the margin. The length of the head is one-fourth of the distance of the gill-opening from the vent. Cleft of the mouth of moderate width, slightly extending behind the eye ; snout pointed, with the upper jaw much projecting beyond the lower. Eye of moderate size, one-half the length of the snout, situated in the anterior third of the head. Posterior nostril in advance of the eye, anterior with a broad tube. The intermaxillary teeth are stout, forming an irregular group ; these and a pair in front of the lower jaw, are stouter than the others, which are pointed, fixed and uni-serial. The length of the pectoral fin is rather more than one-fourth of that of the head ; the dorsal commences above the end of the pectoral. Tail some- times longer sometimes shorter than the body. Cape York (Darnel.). 925. Ophichthys calamus, Gunth. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIII., p. 74. The length of the head is one-fifth of the distance of the gill- opening from the vent. Snout convex, obtusely conical ; cleft of the mouth of moderate width, one-fourth of the length of the head ; eye rather small, one-half of the length of the snout, situated above the middle of the mouth Teeth small, uni-serial, apparently in two series on the vomer. Lips fringed. Gill- openings narrow, and close together. Fins moderately developed. The dorsal fin commences at a short distance behind the angle of the mouth ; pectoral fin one-fourth of the length of the head. BY W. MACLEAY, P.L.S. 275 Tail nearly twice as long as the body. Brownish ; lower parts whitish. West Australia. 926. Ophiciitiiys caxceivoetjs, Eichards. Yoy. Erebus and Terror, p. 97, pi. 50, figs. 6-9.— Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIII., p. 78. Coloration uniform. The length of the head is two-fifths or nearly one-third of the distance of the gill-opening from the vent ; the length of the body from three-fourths to nearly two-thirds of that of the tail. Cleft of the mouth rather wide, about one-third of the length of the head ; snout depressed, somewhat pointed Eye of moderate size, nearly one-half of the length of the snout. Teeth granular, forming broadish bands. Length of the pectoral fin about two-sevenths or one-third of that of the head ; dorsal commencing above the middle of the pectoral ; dorsal and anal fins of moderate depth. A more or less distinct blackish spot anteriorly on the dorsal fin. Port Essinglon ©' 927. Ophictitiiys elapsoides, Casteln. Eesearches on the Fishes of Australia, p. 47. The length of the head is equal to one-third of the distance of the gill-opening from the vent, and is contained nine times in the distance of the vent from the extremity of the tail. Snout long and pointed ; upper jaw much longer than the lower ; cleft of the mouth extending beyond the eye, which is very small. Teeth tubercular, covering the palate. Pectoral fin very small; the dorsal commences immediately behind the nape ; dorsal and anal fins very low, not easily seen ; the anal terminating at some distance from the extremity of the tail. Head yellow, with broad black transverse bands : one on the snout, one over the eye, a third on the back of the head, and one over the opercles, the 270 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, body is scarlet, with twenty broad black bands, becoming narrower on tlie belly. Cape York. Length nineteen inches. 928. OrniciiTnYs episcopus, Casteln. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. II., p. 244. Moreton Bay. Sub-Family II. MUE/ENIDiE ENGYSCHIST^E. The branchial openings in the pharynx are narrow slits. Genus Mur.exa, Cuv. Scaleless. Teeth well developed. Gill-openings narrow. Pectoral fins none ; dorsal and anal well developed. Two nostrils on each side of the upper surface of the snout ; the posterior a narrow round foramen, with or without tube, the anterior in a tube. Temperate and Tropical Seas. 929. MURiENA iielexa. L. Eichards. Voy. Erebus and Terror, p. 80, pi. 49, f. 1-6. — Gunth. Cat. Pishes VIII., p. 96. Posterior nostrils tubular ; anterior nasal tubes of moderate length, being about equal to the vertical diameter of the eye. Teeth imi-serial. Intermaxillary and mandibular canine teeth but little larger than the lateral teeth ; anterior vomerine teeth much the largest, seventeen to eighteen teeth on each side of the lower jaw. Gill-opening a small horizontal slit. Snout rather pointed ; eye small, two-fifths of the length of the snout, situated above the middle of the length of the mouth. Cleft of the mouth wide, its length being about two-thirds of the distanco between the angle of the mouth and the gill-opening. Tail a little longer than tho body ; the length of tho head two-fifths of BY "W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 277 that of the trunk. Brown, with large whitish or yellowish spots, each of which contains smaller brown spots. Head and neck brown variegated with whitish. Gill-opening in a small brown spot ; tail with a narrow white edge. Sometimes almost entirely brown, with small whitish spots more or less arranged in rings. Australian Seas. (Sir John Eichardson.) 930. Murjena tesselata, Richards. Gunth., Cat. Pishes VIII., p. 106.— Bleek., Atl. Ichth. Mur., pi. 27-28, fig. 13. Teeth uni-serial, young specimens with additional teeth, forming an inner maxillary series. Canines moderately developed ; the mouth can be shut completely. Anterior nasal tubes much shorter than the vertical diameter of the eye. Gill-opening wider than the eye. Snout compressed, of moderate length ; ■ eye rather small, rather less than half the length of the snout, situated above the middle of the cleft of the mouth. Cleft of the mouth wide, its width being contained twice and one-third in the length of the head. Tail nearly as long as the body ; the length of the head is one-third of that of the trunk. Head, body, and fins with large polygonal or rounded black spots separated by narrow white lines, or by distinct interspaces of the ground colour, all or most of the spots being wider than the interspaces (as in var. isingteena). Endeavour River. 931. MuRjENA ttndulata, Eacep. Gunth., Cat. Eishes VIIE, p. 110. M. cancellata, Richards., Voy. Ereb. and Terr., p. 87, pi. 46, f. 1-5. Teeth uni-serial, sometimes two additional teeth forming an inner maxillary series ; mandibulary teeth from twenty-six to thirty in number on each side (in adults); canines strong, normally 278 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, four pairs in the lower jaw, also two of the maxillary teeth are canines. The mouth cannot he shut completely. Anterior nasal tubes short. Gill-opening not wider than the eye. Snout produced, pointed. Ege rather large, more than half the length of the snout, situated above the middle of the cleft of the mouth. Cleft of the mouth very wide, one-half, or nearly so, of the length of the head. Tail contained twice and one-third in that of the trunk. Ground colour brown, or browish-tlack ; the head and anterior part of trunk with irregular more or less distinct dark spots. Undulated, and partly reticulated, chiefly subvertical yellowish lines over the body and fins, becoming more distinct towards and on the tail. These lines are sometimes limited to the posterior part of the tail, and the body is sometimes mottled irregularly with brown (as in var. AgassiziiJ. Gill-opening without black spot ; fins not white-edged. Port Jackson. Torres Straits (Chevert Exp.). 932. Murtena macassahiensis, Bleek. Gunth., Cat. Pishes VIIL, p. 111.— Bleek., Atl. Ichth. Mur., p. 104, pi. 37, fig. 3. Teeth uni-serial, sometimes two additional teeth forming an inner maxillary series ; mandibulary teeth about twenty on each side ; canines rather strong, but the mouth can he shut completely. Anterior nasal tubes short. Gill-openings narrower than the eye. Snout somewhat produced, not twice so long as the eye, which is largo and situated above the middle of the cleft of the mouth. Cleft of the mouth very wide, one-half of the length of the head. Tail scarcely longer than the body. The length of the head is contained twice and two-thirds in that of the trunk. Brown, with very fine vermiculatod white lines, forming an irregular network, the area of each mesh darker in the centre. Gill-opening without hlach spot. Fins with a narrow xohite margin. Cape York (Darnel). BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S 279 933. MmtiENA picta, Bl. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIII., p. 110.— Bleek. Atl. Ichth. Mur., pi. 26-28-29-45. M. siderea, Bicharcls. Voy. Erebus and Terror, p. 85, pi. 48, figs. 1-5. Maxillary and intermaxillary teeth in a single series ; only one or two anterior vomerine teeth, which are not subulate, and not larger than the intermaxillary teeth. The vomerine series is generally distinctly bifurcate anteriorly. Mandibulary teeth uni-serial, only the anterior subbi-serial. No distinct canine teeth. Anterior nasal tubes not quite as long as the vertical diameter of the eye. Snout of moderate length ; eye small, less than one-half the length of the snout, situated above the middle of the cleft of the mouth, the length of which is nearly one-third of that of the head. Tail about as long as the body ; the length of the head is contained twice and two-thirds in that of the trunk. Brownish-grey, with an infinite number of very small black spots separated by a fine light network ; sometimes the spots are more or less confluent into larger irregular spots, giving a marbled appearance. Young specimens lighter coloured, with blackish ringshaped marks. Port Jackson. Moreton Bay. 934. MuPwExa NUBILA, Bichards. Yoy. Erebus and Terror, p. 81, pi. 46, fig. 6-10.— Gunth. Cat. Fishes, VIII., p. 117. Skin smooth. Teeth uni-serial, without basal lobe ; mandible with from fourteen to sixteen teeth on each side; canines moderately developed, the mouth shutting completely. The length of the anterior nasal tubes is rather less than the vertical diameter of the eye. Snout compressed, somewhat produced, eye small, one-half or two-fifths of the length of the snout, situated a little nearer to the angle of the mouth than to the end 280 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, of the snout. Gill-opening as wide as the eye. Tail a little longer than the body ; the length of the head is contained twice and one-half or twice and two-thirds in that of the trunk. Gill-opening without large black spot. Brownish, with irregular dark brown blotches, more or less confluent into transverse band-like spots. Anal fin with a black and white margin. Angle of the mouth brown, with a more or less distinct white spot in front. Norfolk Island. 935. MurvEna EicnARDSONii, Bleek. Atl. Ichth. Mur., p. 100, pi. 42, fig. 2.— Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIII., p. 118. Skin distinctly folded, the folds crossing each other and forming scale pouches. Teeth of old examples uni-serial, without basal lobe ; in younger examples the anterior mandibulary and maxillary teeth, and also sometimes the vomerine teeth, are bi-serial. Mandible" with from ten to fourteen teeth on each side. Canines rather small ; the mouth can be shut completely. The length of the anterior nasal tubes is rather less than the vertical diameter of the eye. Snout compressed, of moderate length. Eye of moderate size. Gill. opening as wide as the eye. Tail a little longer than the body. The length of the head is contained twice and one-third in that of the trunk. Gill-opening without black spot. Brownish, marbled with darker on the back, the dark colour forms an incomplete network of wide meshes, and the tail is crossed by dark cross-bands. Young specimens with- out, large specimen with, a white edge to the anal fin. Houtman's Abrolhos, West Australia. 936. MUR^ENA FLAVOMARGINATA, Blipp. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIIL, p. 119.— Bleek., Atl. Ichth. Mur., p. 95, pi. 32 and 34, fig. 2-3. 281 Teeth uni-serial, except the vomerine series, which is forked in front. Canines of moderate size, the month shutting completely. Mandible with from eighteen to twenty-two teeth on each side, the two anterior being canines. Anterior nasal tnbes very short. Snout rather high, of moderate length. Eye small, one-half or two-fifths of the length of the snout, situated above the middle of the cleft of the mouth, which is two-fifths of the length of .the head. Gill-opening wider than the eye. Tail as long as the body. The length of the head is contained thrice and one-third, or thrice and four-fifths in that of the trunk. Gill-opening in a black spot. Body brown, densely marbled with black ; head and end of the tail quite black. Sometimes two black depressed lines along the anal fin ; fins frequently with a white edge. Norfolk Island (Jukes). 937. MlTRiENA CALLORHYNCIIA, Guntll. Gunth., Cat. Pishes, VIII., p. 122. Maxillary teeth, and the anterior of the mandible bi-serial ; the others uni-serial. Canines short. Mandible with about twenty closely set teeth in the outer series on each side. Snout of moderate length, obtuse, nearly thrice as long as the eye, which is small. Gill-opening still narrower than the eye. The length of the cleft of the mouth is contained twice and one-third in that of the head. Fins very low, the dorsal commencing behind the gill-opening. Tail a little longer than the body. The length of the head is contained thrice and three-fourths in that of the trunk. Nearly uniform greyish-olive (in spirits) ; snout white with a brown band on each side, running from above the orbit over the front nostril to the edge of the upper lip. Freemantle, West Australia. 938. MUR/UNA APR a, Bl. Gunth., Cat. Fishes, VIII., p. 123. — M. prasina, Eichards. Voy. Erebus and Terror, p. 93. S 282 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, Teeth uni-serial in old examples, except the vomerine which are sometimes bi-serial ; in young examples generally all bi- serial. Mandible with about twenty teeth on each side, the four anterior much longer than the others and like the canines rather elongate. Anterior nasal tubes half as long as the eye. Gill- opening nearly as icicle as the eye. Snout narrow, produced, pointed. Eye of moderate size, half the length of the snout, situated somewhat nearer to the angle of the mouth than to the end of the snout. Cleft of the mouth wide, two-fifths of the length of the head. Tail longer than the body. The length of the head is contained twice and one or two-thirds in that of the trunk. Dorsal fin not elevated. Brownish-black ; fins without light edge. Colour in fresh specimens, green. Port Jackson. Australian coasts. 939. MuR^ENA nebulosa, Bl. Gunth., Cat. Pishes, VIIL, p. 130. 21. variegata, Richards. Voy. Erebus and Terror, p. 94, pi. 47, f. 11-16. Teeth obtuse, molar-like. Yellowish, with fine veriniculated black lines, and two series of large black spots, the upper running along the side of the back, the lower along the lower half the body ; each spot includes one or more white spots ; more or less regular black bands cross the abdomen connecting the spots of the lower series. The black spots are sometimes reduced to starlike figures. Torres Straits. (Chevert Exp.) 940. Mur;ena pseudothyrsoidea, Bleek. Atl. Ichth. Mur. p. 104, pi. 46, fig. 2.— Gunth., Cat. Fishes, VIIL, p. 112. Teeth uni-serial ; mandible with about eighteen teeth on each side ; canines moderately developed ; the mouth cannot be shut BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 283 completely. Gill-openings not larger than the eye. Snout of moderate length, twice as long as the eye, which is rather small, and nearer to the end of the snout, than to the angle of the mouth. Cleft of the mouth wide, its length being contained twice and one-fourth in that of the head. Tail not quite so long as the body. The length of the head is two-fifths of that of the trunk. Brown with very fine vermiculated white lines forming an irregular network. Gill-opening without black spot ; fins without white margin. Darnley Island. (Chevert Exp.) 941. Mubjena fimbbiata, Benn. Gunth., Cat. Fishes, VIII., p. 108. — If. bull at a, Bichards. If. isingleenoides, Bleek. Atl. Ichth. Mur. p. 91, pi. 35, fig. 1. Teeth uni-serial, without basal lobe ; younger examples sometimes with two or three additional teeth, forming an inner maxillary series. Canines well developed, but the mouth can be shut almost completely. Anterior nasal tubes much shorter than the vertical diameter of the eye. Gill-opening not wider than the eye. Snout narrow, somewhat produced ; eye of moderate size, half the length of the snout, situated above the middle of the cleft of the mouth. Tail a little longer than the body, the length of the head is contained twice and one-fourth or one- third in that of the trunk. Body and tail with three more or less regular longitudinal series of round black spots, mostly larger than the eye but smaller than the interspaces. Bins with a white margin. Head with small black spots. Fort Essington. Torres Straits. (Chevert Exp.) 942. Mue^na melanospila, Bleek. Atl. Ichth. Mur., p. 90, pi. 42, fig. 1.— Gunth., Cat. Fishes, Yin., p. io9. 284 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, Teeth, uni-serial, without basal lobe ; about nineteen on each side of the mandible. Canines much larger than the other teeth and the jaws do not shut. Anterior nasal tubes very short. Gill-opening- wider than the eye. Snout short and compressed ; eye small, one-half of the length of the snout, situated above the middle of the cleft of the mouth, the length of which is contained twice and two-thirds in that of the head . Tail a little longer than the body, the length of the head is one-third of that of the trunk. Brown, body and tail with round or oval black spots, generally larger than the eye, longitudinally arranged. Spots on the head much the smallest. Fins with a narrow white edge. Darnley Island. (Chevert Exp.) Genus Gymnomur^ena, Bleek. Scaleless. Teeth numerous, small, pointed. Gill-openings narrow. Fins none, except a rudimentary one round the end of the tail. Two pairs of nostrils on the upper surface of the snout, the posterior being a small round foramen. Tropical Seas. 943. Gymnomur^ena concolor, Biipp. Gunth., Cat. Fishes, VIIL, p. 134. Uniform brown. Maxillary and mandibulary teeth in a double series ; no distinct canine teeth. Eye of moderate size ; posterior nostrils not tubular. Tail but little longer than the body. Cape York. (Darnel.) Dr. Bleeker and Dr. Gunther both include in this family a very remarkable form of Fishes under the name of Lcptocephalus Gronov. They are believed by some to be the larval form of a Conger, but in truth little seems to be known about them. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 285 Genus Leptocephalus, Gronov. Form compressed, elongate, band-shaped, body pellucid, becoming white in spirits, like a tape worm ; skeleton entirely cartilaginous. Fins generally rudimentary. Found floating in the sea. 944. IjEptocepiialus Mobbisii, Gm. Gunth., Cat. Fishes, VIII., p. 139. — L. alius, Eichards. Voy. Erebus and Terror, p. 51, pi. 30, figs. 8-10. (Perhaps another species.) Body compressed, its depth being about equal to the length of the head. Sometimes the body sometimes the tail the longer. End of the tail generally rounded. Snout obtusely rounded. Eye rather large. Tongue distinct. Pectoral fins developed. Jaws with or without small teeth. Chorda dorsalis without ossifications. Australia. (Haslar Collection.) Family XVI. PEGASIME. Body entirely covered with bony plates, anchylosed on the trunk and moveable on the tail. Barbels none. The margin of the upper jaw is formed by the intermaxillaries and their cutaneous prolongation, which extends downwards to the extremity of the maxillaries. Gill-cover formed by a large plate, homologous to the operculum, prseoperculutn and sub- operculum ; interoperculum a long fine bone, hidden below the gill-plate. One rudimentary branchiostegal. The gill-plate is united with the isthmus by a narrow membrane ; gill-opening narrow, in front of the base of the pectoral fin. Gills four, lamellated. Pseudo-branchia; and air-bladder absent. One short dorsal and anal fin, opposite to each other. Ventral fins present. Ovarian sacs closed. 286 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, Genus Pegasus, L. Body broad, much, depressed. Pectoral fins horizontal, broad, long, composed of simple rays, some of which are sometimes spinous. Ventral fins one or two-rayed, the outer ray being long. Upper part of the snout j)roduced into a longer or shorter process. Mouth inferior, toothless. Suborbital ring well developed, forming a suture with the gill-cover. Intestinal tract rather short with one or two complete circumvolutions. Vertebrae not numerous, thin ; ribs none. Indian and Australian Seas. 945. Pegasus nataxs, L. Gunth., Cat. Pishes, VIIL, p. 148. D. 5. A. 5. P. 11. V. 3. Vert. 7 -f- 14. Tail (without caudal fin) as long as, or longer than, the body to the end of the snout. Tail composed of twelve rings, tapering and very much flattened behind. Eidges on the upper side of the body obtuse, without tubercles ; shields uniformly finely granulated. Pectoral rays equally slender. Snout prolonged into a long flat sword-like process, truncated in front and denticulated on the side, the teeth directed backwards. Tail with broad brown cross-bands, one below the dorsal being the most constant. Dorsal and pectoral fins with brown spots. Moreton Bay. Torres Straits. 946. Pegasus laxcifer, Kaup. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIIL, p. 149. D. 5. A. 5. P. 15. V. 2. Tail (without caudal fin) much longer than the body to the end of the snout, composed of fourteen or fifteen rings, of which the six posterior are more or less confluent, much depressed, tape- like. Tho trunk is broad, exceedingly depressed, nearly flat above, with narrow vertical sides. The dorsal ridges are usually BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 287 linear, and from the centre of each shield radiate raised lines, forming star-like figures. Pectoral rays equally slender. Snout prolonged into a very thin, four-ridged process, ahout twice as long as the orbit ; the ridges are beset with minute spines. Upper parts nearly uniform brown. Tasmania. Order V. LOPEOBRANCEII. The gills are not laminated, but composed of small rounded lobes, attached to the branchial arches. Gill-cover reduced to a large simple plate. Air-bladder simple, tcithout pneumatic duct. A dermal skeleton, composed of numerous pieces arranged in segments, replaces more or less soft integuments. Muscular system not much developed. Snout produced. Mouth terminal, small, toothless, formed as in Acan thop teryg ians . Family SYNGNATHIDiE. Gill-openings reduced to a very small opening near the upper posterior angle of the gill-cover. One soft dorsal fin ; no ventrals, and sometimes one or more of the other fins also absent. First Group Syngnathina. Tail, not prehensile, generally with a caudal fin. Genus Syngstathtts, Artedi. Body with the ridges more or less distinct, the dorsal edge of the trunk not being continuous with that of the tail. Pectoral fins well developed, caudal present. Dorsal fin opposite, or near to vent. Humeral bones firmly united into the "breast ring." Males with an egg pouch on the tail, the eggs being covered by cutaneous folds. Temperate and Tropical Coasts. 288 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, 947. Syng>tathus semifasctatus, Gunth. G until., Cat. Fishes VIII., p. 162. — L. semistriatus, Kaup. D. 38. Osseous rings 21 + 49. Lateral line interrupted. Adult females have the trunk strongly compressed and rather elevated, its depth being one-fifth of its length. The length of the snout is equal to the distance of the anterior margin of the eye from the middle of the second body ring. Head with fine stria), but without ridges. Shields smooth. The length of the body is contained once and one-third in that of the tail. Vent below the end of the anterior third of the dorsal fin. Caudal fin well developed. Upper part of the trunk with numerous, very small, light, dark edged ocelli, the lower part with a narrow brown vertical bar on each ring. A white stripe, edged with black above and below, runs from the lower part of the snout, through the eye, over the gill-cover. South Australia, Tasmania, and Port Phillip. 948. Syngnatiius pelagicus, L. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIII., p. 165. D. 29-31. Osseous rings 17 + 32-35. The length of the snout equals the distance of the front margin of the orbit from the root of the pectoral fin. A distinct ridge along the median line of the nuchal shields ; supraorbital ridge not continued over the temple ; anterior part of the operculum with a faint ridge. Shields without spines. Lateral line inter- rupted. Tail longer than the body ; caudal pouch short, about half as loug as the body. Dorsal fin commencing somewhat in advance of the vent. Caudal well developed. Lower half of the side of the abdomen with vertical silvery bars, becoming broader and of a whitish colour on the upper half. Brown cross bands are placed alternately between the silvery bars, so that the brown bands are grouped together in twos or threes, the bands of each group more or less confluent. In males the silvery bars are BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 289 represented by spots ; a brown band through the eye and along the snout. Dorsal fin with oblique brown bands. South Australia. 949. Syng^atiitjs Grayii, Kaup. Gunth., Cat. Fishes, VIII., p. 169. D. 20. Osseous rings 18 + 35. Base of the dorsal fin elongated. The length of the snout is less than one-half of that of the head ; it is provided with series of minute spines ; forehead rather high, its profile abruptly descending towards the snout. Occiput and neck elevated into a crest ; eyes large, prominent ; edge of the orbit rough. Operculum with radiating strice, and a strong ridge bent upwards ; humerus with a trihedral prominence. Body not deeper than broad ; shields without spines, but the ventral edges of the caudal rings forming the pouch are horizontally dilated. Tail one-half longer than the body. Vent below tho middle of the dorsal fin, which stands on four rings. Caudal fin very small. Egg-pouch at least half as long as the tail. A deep brown spot on the side of the fourth body ring. Australia ? (Gunther). 950. Syngnathus margaritifer, Peters. Gunth., Cat. Fishes, VIIL, p. 171. D. 21-23. Osseous rings 20 + 35-37. Operculum crossed by a straight ridge. The length of the snout is somewhat more than half that of the head. A low ridge along the median line of the snout, and of the crown of the head and neck ; supraorbital edge continued into a feeble riclge on the side of the crown. Shields without spines. Tail about twice as long as the trunk. Dorsal fin occupying two body and four or five tail-rings. Pouch extending to or beyond the sixteenth tail-ring. Brown with mother of pearl coloured dots. Port Jackson. 290 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, 951. Syngnathus pcectlol^emus, Peters. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIII., p. 174. — Casteln., Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. II., p. 78. D. 28. Osseous rings 20 4- 49. Operculum with, a straight ridge. Snout nearly twice as long as the postorbital part of the head. A low ridge along the median line of the snout and of the crown of the head and neck ; supra- orbital edge continued into a feeble ridge on the side of the crown. Shields without spines. Tail more than twice as long as the trunk. Dorsal hn occupying the anal and six caudal rings. Lower side of the head with dark spots ; body with very small ocellated dots. South Australia. 952. SYNGNATnus curtirostris, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. II., p. 79. D. 20. Osseous rings 18 4- -42. The length of the snout is contained twice in the rest of the head and is once and a half the diameter of the orbit. Head one-twelfth of the total length. The snout has a strong longitudinal ridge on its upper part, and a feeble one on each side ; the operculum is covered with deep, punctured, radiating stria), with its upper edge elevated like a curved ridge ; but no longitudinal ridge on its surface. The body is quadrilateral, with a faint ridge on each side, extending to the vent ; on the first rings of the tail there is an oblique ridge, which runs into the upper edge on the fifth ring. The dorsal fin occupies the first five tail rings ; the caudal is longer than the two last tail rings, is rounded and formed of six rays. Colour (in spirits) dark brown, with irregular silvery spots on the lower part of the head and the first few segments of the body ; these spots are surrounded by a dark line ; the pectoral and dorsal fins are of a BY "W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 291 light colour, speckled with brown. Length four and a half inches. South Australia. 953. Syngnathus brevicaudis, Casteln. Researches Fishes of Australia, p. 48. D. 25. Osseous rings 20 + 28. Operculum without ridge ; base of dorsal fin elevated. Snout straight, its length more by half than the rest of the head ; the interorbital space broad and concave, with several small ridges, the operculum with small radiating ridges ; body rather deeper than broad ; shields without spines ; tail once and a half as long as the body without the head. Vent nearly below the middle of the dorsal fin ; the ventral ridge of the body meets the lower caudal ridge at the vent ; the tail continues very thick to its extremity, which is abruptly rounded and furnished with a very small caudal fin. The pectoral fins are large, of sixteen rays ; the dorsal fin extends over seven shields. Dark brown, (dried) variegated with white ; snout white. Swan River. Length six inches. 954. Syngnathus Tigris, Casteln. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. III., p. 39. Port Jackson. 955. Syngnathus intestinalis, Earns. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. V., p. 494. Genus Ichthyocampus, Kaup. The dorsal edges of the trunk and tail are continuous, but sometimes very indistinct. Pectoral and caudal fins present. Dorsal fin opposite or near to the vent. Males with an egg- pouch on the tail, the eggs being covered by cutaneous folds, Indian and Australian Seas. 292 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, 956. ICHTHYOCAMPUS SCALARIS. Guntll. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIII., p. 177. D. 25. Osseous rings 19 + 39. Operculum without ridge. The length of the head is about one-ninth of the total ; snout half as long as the head in adult examples, and as long as the postorbital portion in young. Upper part of the head with scarcely a trace of a ridge along the nuchal shields. Body as deep as broad, with very obtuse ridges. Tail twice as long as the trunk. Dorsal fin standing on seven rings, three of which belong to the body. Caudal very short. Body and tail with from thirteen to fifteen irregular broad brown cross-bands, more distinct in young than in adult examples. A narrow brown cross bar on the suture between every two ventral shields. Lower side of the head and breast with deep brown dots. Freycinet's Harbour (Herald). 957. ICHTHYOCAMPUS FILUM, Gunth. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIII. , p. 178. D. 14. Osseous rings 16 -f- 47-48. Head and snout very short, the length of the former being two-fifths of its distance from the vent. Snout turned upwards, one-third of the length of the head. Head and body compressed, without ridges. The length of the body (head included) is contained twice and two-thirds in that of the tail ; pouch as long- as the trunk, lined with soft membrane. Vent opposite to the middle of the dorsal fin. Pectoral fin short and narrow ; caudal well developed. Narrow brownish black cross bars, corres- ponding to the sutures between the body rings. Freycinet's Harbour. 958. ICHTHYOCAMPUS MACULATUS, All. & Mad. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. I., p. 353, pi. 17 fig 2. Larnley Island (Chevcrt Exp.) BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 293 959. ICHTHYOCAMPUS ANNTJLATUS, Mad. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Yol. II., p. 364, pi. 10, fig. 6. Port Darwin. Genus Nannocampus, Gunth. Body with obsolete ridges, the dorsal edges of the trunk and tail being continuous. Pectoral fin none ; caudal rudimentary ; dorsal short, opposite to the vent. Male with the egg-pouch on the tail, formed by the dilated lower edges. Australia. 9G0. Nannocampus subosseits, Gunth. Gunth., Cat. Pishes VIII., p. 178. D. about 10. Osseous rings 16 + 35. Head and snout extremely short, the length of the former being contained twice and two-thirds in its distance from the vent. Snout not longer than deep, about two-sevenths of the length of the head. The bones on the lower side of the head very well ossified, this side being as broad and convex as the upper. The entire head finely granulated, without ridges. Body ridges obsolete ; body slightly compressed. The length of the body (head included) is one-half of that of the tail ; pouch as long as the trunk, formed by the dilated lower caudal edges. Vent opposite to the fore part of the dorsal fin. Caudal fin very small. Brown, finely marbled with darker and lighter ; body and tail with some narrow, irregular, bluish cross-bands. Preycinet's Harbour (Herald). Genus Ueocamptjs, Gunth. Body elongate, compressed, with distinct longitudinal ridges ; the upper edge of the trunk continuous with that of the tail ; lateral line continuous with lower caudal edge. Tail elongate, cjuadrangular, tapering. Pectoral and caudal fins developed ; 294 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, the dorsal is placed entirely on the tail, at a great distance behind the vent. Manchuria. Australia. 961. Urocampus cabintrostris, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. I., p. 200. " Snout rather turned upwards, very short, being contained once and a half in the diameter of the eye, and nearly three times in the length of the head ; it is not abruptly separated from the forehead, and goes slanting to its extremity ; the supraorbital ridges are very strong, and sometimes converge in front to form the medium ridge of the snout ; in other specimens there is between them a rounded, sharp, ridge ; there is a short spine at the anterior angle of the eye ; the eyes are very prominent ; occiput and nuchal shields with ridges ; operculum covered with strong radiated strise, and almost carinated ; the pectorals are not much longer than the orbit, and not quite one-half of one of the body shields ; the snout is contained about seven times in the trunk ; the distance from the anus to the beginning of the dorsal is about equal to one-half its distance to the end of the snout ; the body has three ridges, the upper one much more marked than the others ; the central one ending at the base of the tail ; each shield has two small longitudinal ridges, and is perpendicularly striated ; the osseous rings number nine on the body, seven more on the tail before the dorsal, which begius on the seventeenth and extends over the three following ; behind these are forty- five or forty-six others ; the caudal is very minute ; no anal ; the tail is tapering and very thin, its ridges much less marked than those of the body. The general colour is a light green, with dark spots corresponding to the centre of the body rings ; eye of a golden hue ; an indistinct black stripe on the side of the mouth." (Castelnau). Port Phillip. Length three to three and a half inches, (taken with shrimps). BY "W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 295 Genus Leptoichthys, Kaup. Body with the ridges well developed. Pectoral and caudal fins present ; the latter elongate. Dorsal fin of moderate length, opposite to the vent. Humeral bones firmly united. The egg receptacle on the abdomen. Australia. I have never seen Kaup's characters of this genus, and Dr. Gunther makes no mention of it except to say that the caudal fin is very long. The characters I have given above are however sufficient to indicate the genus. 962. Leptoichthys fistularius, Kaup. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIII., p. 187. Snout very long, thin, and much compressed, extended in the same plane as the finely shagreened head. Body unusually elongated, hexagonal, with flat back and belly without inter- mediate scaies. All the fins are much developed, especially the caudal. The gill-opening is a longer slit than usual. Head oval, occipital shield small, and a furrow commencing at the orbit accompanies the rostral crest. Dp to the anus there are twenty- seven body rings, twenty-four of them before the dorsal fin which stands on nine rings, three of them belonging to the body. The tail is four-cornered, higher than it is broad, and composed of twenty-four long rings. Colour yellowish-brown, with a black cross-band on each ring, ventral piece of the pectoral ririg and the gill-cover silvery. Entire length twenty-two inches. Snout 1-97 inch, head and snout 2*76 inches, dorsal fin 1-97 inch, tail 9-46 inches, middle ray of caudal fin (not entire) -091 inch. (Kaup.) King George's Sound. 963. Leptoichthys Castelnaui. Leptoichthys fistularius, Casteln. Proc. Zool Soc. Vict., Vol. II., p. 77. 296 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, " Head five times in the total length ; snout up to the nostril contained seven times and one-third in the same, it is long, compressed, and united to the head by a gradual profile ; the mouth opens superiorly ; the orbit is contained seven times in the length of the head, and the space between the nostril and the anterior edge of the eye is equal to half the diameter of the orbit. The upper part of the head is covered with very minute scales, which have on the operculum a radiated disposition. The pectorals are large and formed of twenty-three rays, the body pentagonal and flat on its upper and lower surfaces ; the anus is below the twenty-sixth ring ; the dorsal fin begins on the middle of the twenty-fourth ring, and extends over the eight following ; it is high and composed of thirty-four rays ; the tail is formed of twenty rings, in form similar to the body, the last rings longer, the caudal is as long as the snout, rhomboidal, of ten rays, the four central ones prolonged into filaments. The upper surface of the body is granulated. Colour olive, ^vitli the lower parts yellow, caudal fin black." South Australia. The foregoing is Count Castelnau's description almost verbatim, and I judge from a comparison between his description and that given of Kaup's Fish, that they are distinct species. I therefore change the name of this species to Castelnaui. 964. Leptoichthys cristatus, n. sp. D. 24. Osseous rings 18 4- 27. Body compressed, twice as high as wide, with seven well marked ridges : two dorsal, one on each side, and three ventral. The head is compressed in front of ihe eye into a very sharp high ridge, the mouth opens upwards and is almost vertical, beneath there is a prominent ridge. The eye is large and nearly in the middle of the head, the operculum is covered with radiating striao, the tail is longer than the head and trunk united and is perfectly quadrangular, the lower ridges are continuous BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 297 with, those of the body, but the upper pass those of the body by one ring in a different plane. The dorsal fin stands upon five body and two tail rings ; the pectorals are broad but short ; the caudal is elongate and pointed, as long as the last five tail rings. Colour (in spirits) uniform dark reddish brown. Length four and a half inches. West Australia. (Macl. Mus.) Genus Stigmatopiiora, Kaup. Body depressed, with the ridges obsolete, those of the trunk being continuous with those of the tail ; shields covered with soft skin. Pectoral fin developed, caudal absent, the tail tapering to a very fine point. Dorsal fin very long. Males with a caudal pouch formed by cutaneous folds. Australia. 965. Stigmatophora argus, Eichards. Trans. Zool. Soc. III., p. 183, pi. 7, fig. 2.— Gunth., Cat. Fishes, YIII., p. 189. D. 49-52. Osseous rings 20 + about 75. Snout very long, about twice as long as the remaining part of the head. Operculum wiih a slight ridge in young examples, nearly entirely disappearing in old. Vent below the middle of the dorsal fin. Tail more than twice as long as the trunk ; egg- pouch shorter than the trunk. Upper parts with numerous small, black, white-edged ocelli, sometimes irregularly arranged, sometimes forming longitudinal or transverse series. Tasmania. Port Jackson. 966. Stigmatophora nigra, Kaup. Gunth., Cat. Fishes, VIII., p. 190. D. 39-40. Osseous rings 17 + about 72. T 298 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, Body very depressed. Snout very long, nearly twice as long as the remaining part of the head. Operculum with a distinct longitudinal ridge. Vent below the posterior third of the dorsal fin. Tail more than twice as long as the trunk ; egg-pouch extending over fourteen rings. Upper parts uniform brownish (in spirits) ; abdomen with a brown cross-bar on each suture between the rings. Port Jackson. Port Phillip. Count Castelnau makes mention of a species which he names S. hoops, in his list of Melbourne Fishes (Proc. Zool. Soc, Vict., Vol. I.) but he gave no description of it, and was uncertain if it really differed specifically from S. nigra. 967. Stigmatophora olivacea, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. II., p. 77. D. about 4-3. Osseous rings 19 -4- 84. Snout rather more than twice the length of the remaining part of the head ; the length of the head is a little less than six times in the total length; the opening of the mouth is upwards ; a longitudinal ridge runs all along the upper surface of the snout ; operculum without any ridge ; vent below the middle of the dorsal fin ; egg-pouch extending over thirteen rings. The pectoral fins rather large, of eighteen rays. Colour light olive, becoming grey below ; egg-pouch orange ; all the rings present an obscure tinge at their junction, and these very inconspicuous transverse bands extend on to the snout. South Australia. Length nine inches. 968. Stigmatophora ujsticolor, Casteln. Eesearches on the Fishes of Australia, p. 49. Snout once and a half as long as the remaining portion of the head ; operculum with a strong, distinct, longitudinal, rather oblique ridge ; head ended by a b road trifid spine in the centre, BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 299 and a sharp spine on each side ; vent below the anterior fourth of the dorsal fin ; tail as long as the space from the vent to the posterior third of the snout; body rings seventeen. Colour entirely of a dirty yellow without spots ; the upper parts rather brown. Port "Walcott (West Australia). Length six inches. 969. SlTGMATOPHORA DEPRESSIUSCULA, %. Sp. D. 49. Osseous rings 19 + about 66. Body depressed" Snout very long and slender, more than twice the length of the rest of the head ; a prominent tubercle on each side of the snout in front of the eyes ; operculum striated, but scarcely ridged ; the vent under the anterior third of the dorsal fin ; the egg-pouch slightly longer than the trunk ; tail more than twice the length of the trunk ; ventral surface very flat ; body ridges laterally dilated, but not so much as in S. nigra. Colour (in spirits) reddish-brown, faintly marbled with darker brown; two longitudinal lines of small dark brown or black spots along the back between the two faint dorsal ridges. Length seven inches. King George's Sound. 970. Stigmatophora gracilis, n. sp. D. 58. Osseous rings 20 + 56. Elongate, slender, scarcely depressed. Snout twice the length of the rest of the head, considerably dilated and turned up at the point, vent under the middle of the dorsal fin ; tail double the length of the trunk. Colour (in spirits) pale reddish or yellowish brown, with brown cross-bars on the sutures of the body rings, most distinct on the back, a broad brown band between and on the eyes. Tasmania. Length five inches. 300 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, Second Group Hippocampina. Tail prehensile, without a caudal fin. Genus Gastrotokeus, Kaup. Body depressed, the lateral line running along the margin of the abdomen. Shields smooth. Tail shorter than the body, prehensile. Pectoral fins. The males carry the eggs embedded in soft membrane on the abdomen, without a pouch being formed by a lateral expansion of the integuments. Indian and Australian Seas. 971. Gastrotokeus biaculeatus, Bl. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIIL, p. 194. D. 40-45. P. 17-23. Osseous rings 18 -f 45-55. Superciliary margin terminating behind in a more or less distinct spine. Old individuals sometimes with minute filaments on the lower side of head, body and tail. Origin of the dorsal fin nearly opposite to vent. Cape York, Port Essington, South Coast New Guinea. Genus Solenognatiius, Kaup. Body compressed, deeper than broad, only in adult females somewhat dilated. Shields hard, rugose, with round or oval interannular plates ; no elongate processes. Tail shorter than the body, prehensile. Pectoral fins. Chinese and Australian Seas. 972. Solenognatiius Hardwickii, Gray. Gunth., Cat. Pishes VIIL, p. 195. D. 43-45. Osseous rings 26-27 + 55-60. Dorsal surface slightly concave or flat. Shields very rough and rugose, but with scarcely any spines; operculum with BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 301 radiating granulated lines ; a cluster of prominent tubercles on the hinder part of the superciliary edge. Houtman's Abrolhos. 973. Solexognathus spixosissimus, Gunth. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIII., p. 195. D. 35. Osseous rings 27 + 55. Dorsal surface slightly convex. All parts covered with small but very distinct spines ; the radiating lines of the operculum spiny. Orbital edge denticulated, but without prominent tubercles above. Tasmania. Genus Piiyllopteryx, Kaup. Body compressed or as broad as deep. Shields smooth, but some or all of them are provided with prominent spines or processes on the edges of the body ; some of the processes with cutaneous filaments. A pair of spines on the upper side of the snout and above the orbit. Tail about as long as the body, prehensile. Pectoral fins. The eggs are carried embedded in soft membrane on the lower side of the tail. Australia. 974. Phyllopteryx foliatus, Shaw. Gunth., Proc. Zool. Soc, 1865, pi. 14, and Cat. Pish. VIII., p. 196. D. 30. Osseous rings 18 + 35. Trunk much elevated, especially in females, in which its depth sometimes equals the length of the snout. A pair of small spines on the upper part of the snout, much nearer to the eye than to its extremity ; a pair of superciliary spines. A long occipital and nuchal process, which as well as the other processes on the bod}', bear cutaneous appendages. Pairs of long divergent processes along the back of the twelfth body-ring, and on the first, tenth, 302 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, sixteenth, twenty-fourth and twenty-seventh tail-rings. A similar pair of ventral processes on the ninth body-ring'. Scarlet or orange-coloured, with numerous small, round, yellow spots. Each of the nine anterior body-rings with a violet band on the lower half ; two or three similar bands before the vent. Port Jackson, South Australia, Tasmania. 975. PlIYLLOPTERYX EQUES, GrUUtll. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1865, p. 327, pi. 15, and Cat. Pishes VIIL, p. 197. D. 37. Osseous rings 19 + 3G. The snout is as long as the distance of the front margin of the orbit from the hind part of the nape ; it bears a pair of small spines behind the middle of its upper edge, a pair of minute barbels at the chin, and a pair of long appendages in the middle of its lower part. The forehead bears an erect, broad, sub- quadrangular crest, with a shorter single spine behind ; a horizontal spine above each orbit ; a cluster of spines with narrow appendages on the occiput. Nape of the neck with a long spine, dilated at the base into a crest, and carrying a long bilid appendage. The trunk is compressed, somewhat dilated, strongly arched on the back, and with two deep indentations in its lower profile. The spines are of three kinds : 1 . The band bearing spines are the strongest, strongly compressed, not flexible, each terminating in a pair of short points. There are one pair of these spines in the middle of the back, and one on each of the three prominences of the abdominal outline ; the naj)s are long and bifid. 2. Very long, compressed and somewhat ilexible spines without appendages ; these occupy in pairs the uppermost part of the back, and in a single series the median line of the belly. 3. Small short conical spines run in series along the lateral edges of the belly ; a pair of similar spines in front of the luwer part of tho base of the pectoral fin. Tail quadrangular, with sharp edges, and with five pairs of band-bearing spines BY W. UACLEAY, F.L.S, 303 along its upper side. Dorsal fin situated entirely on the tail. (Gunther). Port Lincoln. 976. Phyelopteryx elongatus, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc. Victoria, Vol. II., p. 76. Like P. foliatus but much smaller, the spine on each side of the snout lateral, not superior ; body more elongate, its greatest height in the female being only half the length of the snout ; the foliated appendages of the processes are much shorter, broader, and of an oval form. The colour is lighter ; the muzzle, lower parts of the head and body and the sides of the tail are white ; the upper parts of the snout, head, and body are of a lilac colour, covered with numerous round white spots. The foliated appendages and the end of the tail are black. South Australia. 977. PiiYLLorTERYx t.eniopiiokus, Gray. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1859, p. 38, pi. 7.— Gunth., Cat. Pishes, VIIL, p. 197. D. 25. Osseous rings 21 +45. Body as broad as deep, as long as the tail. Each shield with a prominent spine on each edge, except on the lower side of the prehensile portion of the tail. Snout with a pair of spines above, in the middle of its length. A pair of supra and infra- orbital spines ; several spines on the median line of the crown and nape. Many of the spines are band-bearing, but these do not differ in form or size from the others. The vent is below the middle of the dorsal fiu. Brown irregular dark-brown bands across the back. Freycinet's Harbour. (Herald.) 304 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISIIES, Genus Hippocampus, Leach. Trunk compressed, more or less elevated, composed of from ten to twelve rings. Shields with more or less prominent tubercles or spines. Occiput compressed into a crest, terminating at its supero-posterior corner in a prominent knob (coronet). Supra-orbital, temporal and humeral regions with prominences. Tail prehensile, finless. Pectoral fins. Eggs carried in a sac at the base of the tail, opening near the vent. All Temperate and Tropical Seas. 978. Hippocampus abdominalis, Kaup. Gunth., Cat. Fishes, VIIL, p. 199. Dorsal fin 28-31. Tubercles not much developed and very obtuse ; those on the head sometimes with simple filaments. Length of the snout rather more than, or equal to, the distance between the posterior margin of the orbit and the gill-opening in adult examples, but shorter in young ones. Body generally with large round brown spots, more or less confluent into bands on the hinder part of the tail ; head with much smaller round brown spots, of which those round the orbit are the most constant. Sometimes uniform blackish brown. Tasmania. 979. Hippocampus antiquorum, Leach. Gunth., Cat. Fishes, VIIL, p. 200. Dorsal fin 19. Tubercles generally well developed on the head and body, and sub-acute, rarely blunt. Length of the snout ecpial to the distance between the hind margin of the orbit and gill-opening. Spines on the head and neck sometimes with simple filaments. Brown with bluish-white dots, more or less confluent into lines on the lower part of the side and gill-cover ; dorsal fin with a black sub-marginal band. Cape York. (Darnel.) BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 305 980. Hippocampus breviceps, Peters. Gunth., Cat. Fishes, VIII., p. 200. Dorsal fin 19-21, standing on five rings, two of which belong to the tail. Some of the tubercles are prominent but obtuse. Snout very short, scarcely as long as the operculum. Supra-orbital process well developed, subvertical, triangular. Coronet as high as the orbit, with ridges, but without spines at the top. Eleven body-rings. Hind part of the trunk considerably dilated. Head and body with numerous very small white dark-edged ocelli • operculum with brown dots besides ; tail with narrow irregular yellowish rings. Tasmania, South Australia, Port Phillip. 981. Hippocampus Augustus, Gunth. Gunth., Cat. Fishes, VIII., p. 200. Dorsal fin 19-20, standing on two body and two tail-rings. Eleven body-rings. Body but little dilated in males, in which its greatest depth is about half the length of the head ; females still narrower. Tubercles prominent, acute, without tentacles. Supra-orbital spine erect, simple, ^pointed ; lower breast spines double on each side. Coronet rather low, connected by a narrow, concave, bony bridge with the occipital knob. The length of the snout equals the distance between the anterior margin of orbit and the gill-opening. Snout, head, body, and dorsal fin finely reticulated with brown ; some specimens covered with minute white dots besides. Freycinet's Harbour. (Herald.) 982. Hippocampus nov;e-Hollai\tdle, Steind. Gunth., Cat. Fishes, VIII., p. 201. Dorsal fin 17. Body rings 11. Tubercles prominent, acute, without tentacles. Supra-orbital spine simple, slender. Coronet elevated, that part of it which connects with the occipital knob, 30G DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, is long, strong, with the anterior profile not' concave. The length of the snout is equal to the distance of the anterior margin of the eye from the gill-opening. Snout, head, and body finely marbled and reticulated with brown. Port Jackson, Port Phillip. 983. Hippocampus tristis, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria. Vol. I., p. 197, Dorsal fin 14. Like the preceding species, but the tail shorter ; the shields of the body covered with transverse stripes ; the anterior abdominal crest of the body divided into points generally bifid. Dorsal fin with a narrow longitudinal band and the rays marbled. No filaments. (Castlenau.) Port Phillip. 984. Hippocampus elongatus, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. II., p. 144. Dorsal fin with eighteen rays, standing on three bocly-rings. Dody elongate, the broadest ring of the body not being one-fifth wider than the first two ; tubercles moderately acute ; no tentacles ; snout as long as half the head ; a short thin ridge in front of the eyes ; supra-orbital spine conical, rather long, sharp, and pointed ; a single conical and rather notched spine in front of the coronet ; this with its terminal five points well marked ; eleven body-rings ; the part supporting the dorsal fin very little higher than the back. Colour (in a dried state) light greyish yellow, covered with obscure brown irregular marbled spots. West Australia. Length three inches. 985. Hippocampus subelongatus, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. II., p. 145. Dorsal fin with eighteen rays, standing on throe body-rings ; budy rather elongate, the broadest part not being more than BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 307 one third wider than the narrowest ; snout up to the anterior edge of the eye longer than the other part of the head ; tubercles moderately acute ; a short thin rather rounded ridge in front of the eyes ; supra-orbital spine broad, arched, and rather notched ; a single short, blunt, and notched spine in front of the coronet ; this rather elevated, directed very obliquely and terminated by five well marked but blunt spines ; eleven body-rings. Colour (dried) yellow, with transverse narrow brown bands on the snout. West Australia. Length four and a half inches. 986. Hippocampus tubekculatus, Casteln. Researches on the Fishes of Australia, p. 48. All the tubercles, particularly those of the tail, very much developed, the latter ones much thicker at their extremity than at their base. Snout short, being only once and a half the diameter of the eye and considerably shorter than the operculum ; hind part of the trunk considerably dilated ; the supra-orbital tubercles are long, thick, and bear a short tentacle ; all the other tubercles without tentacles ; coronet thick, quadrilateral at its extremity ; eleven body-rings ; thirty-two or thirty-three caudal rings, the last two or three united. Colour dark brown. Swan Eiver. Length two and a half inches. ObderVI. PLECTOGNATEI. Teleostcous Fishes with rough scales or ivith ossifications of the cutis in the form of scutes or spines; shin sometimes entirely naked. Skeleton incompletely ossified, with the vertebrce in small number. Gills pectinate ; a narrow gill-opening in front of the pectoral fins. Mouth narrow ; the bones of the upper jaw generally firmly united. A soft dorsal fin, belonging to the caudal portion of 'the vertebral column, opposite to the anal ; sometimes elements of a spinous dorsal besides. Ventral fins none or reduced to spines. Air-bladder without pneumatic duct. 308 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OP AUSTRALIAN FISHES, Family I. SCLERODEEMI. Snout somewhat produced ; jaws armed with distinct teeth in small number. Skin with scutes or rough. The elements of a spinous dorsal and ventral fins generally present. Genus Triacantiius, Cuv. Body compressed, covered with very small or minute rough scales. Tail narrow, prolonged. Teeth in a double series in each jaw, those of the outer series incisor-like, ten in number, those of the inner more rounded, two or four in number. Anterior dorsal fin with three or five small spines behind a very large one. Ventral fin formed by a pair of strong spines joined to the pelvic bone. Vert. 9/10. Indian and Australian Seas. 987. Triacantiius biaculeatus, Bl. Gunth., Cat. Fishes, VIII., p. 210.— Bleek. Atl. Ichth. Balist., pi. 8, fig. 3. D. 5/22-25. A. 16-19. The height of the body is contained from twice and a half to thrice and one-fifth in the total length without caudal fin. Snout produced, with the upper profile distinctly concave. The first dorsal spine as long as the head, and sometimes considerably longer ; the second very short not much longer than the third, the fin with or without black spot. Port Essington, Cape York. Genus Balistes, Cuv. Body compressed, covered with juxtaposed, moveable scutes; some species with series of spines or tubercles on the side of the tail. Upper jaw with a double series of incisor-like teeth, eight in the outer and six in the inner series; lower jaw with eight similar teeth in a single series. The first dorsal fin reduced BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 309 to three spines, the anterior of which is by far the strongest. Ventral fins reduced to a simple osseous appendage. No barbel. Vertebrae 7/10. Branchiostegals six. Tropical Seas. 988. Balistes stellatus, Lacep. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIII., p. 212.— Bleek., Atl. Ichth. Balist. pi. 1 . D. 3/27. A. 25. L. lat. 44. Tail depressed behind, with two obtuse ridges on each side. Twenty-four scales in a transverse series running from the origin of the soft dorsal to the vent. A patch of enlarged scales behind the gill-opening. Dorsal and anal fins not elevated ; caudal with the posterior margin undulated, and the lobes produced into long filaments in adult specimens. Ventral spine moveable. Adults with but few markings — a whitish band along the middle of the trunk, and dark longitudinal stripes on the dorsal and anal fins. In young examples there are four large white spots on the back — the first between the eye and dorsal spine, the second between the dorsal fins, and the last on the tail. The body besides is ornamented with more or less irregular bluish spots. In very young examples the white dorsal spots are very distinct, the ground colour of the back being a deep brown. West Australia (B. phaleratusj. N. E. Australia. 989. Balistes aculeatus, L. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIIL, p. 223.— Bleek., Atl. Ichth. Balist., p. 2, fig. 3. Monacanthus Cheverti, All. & Macl., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. L, p. 355, pi. 17, fig. 3. Torres Straits. 990. Balistes tjndulatus, Mungo Park. Trans. Linn. Soc. III., p. 37.— Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIIL, p. 226. 310 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, D. 3/27. A. 24. L. lat. 41. Tail with six (? four) strong spines on each side, arranged in a double series. Twenty-four scales in a transverse series, running from the origin of the dorsal fin to the vent. Some small osseous scales behind the gill-opening. Dorsal and anal fins rather low, with rounded profile ; caudal sub-truncate. Blackish-brown ; head and body with numerous oblique and somewhat undulated yellowish or reddish stripes ; two, broader than the others, proceed from the lips, and are confluent posteriorly. The first dorsal fin black, the others orange coloured. The spines on each side of the tail in a black patch. Cape York (Castelnau). 991. Balistes Garnoti, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc. Victoria, Vol. II., p. 107. D. 3/22. A. 19. Form short and high, the height of the body being half the total length ; the length of the head is twice and eight-tenths in the same, and the diameter of the eye is three times in the length of the head. The profile of the head is straight, very little concave, the first dorsal spine is strong and straight, rough with small spines ; the second dorsal fin is high and triangular ; anal similar. Colour light yellowish-brown, darker on the back, with faint traces of annulated spots ; the second dorsal fin is also faintly spotted. There are one or two irregular blotches at the base of the anal fin. On each side of the body there is a faint brown line, which is divided about the middle into two, one run- ning to the posterior edge of the dorsal fin, the other to the anal. Fins yellow. Knob Island (Torres Straits). Genus Moxacantiius, Cuv. Body compressed, covered with very small or minute rough scales ; adult males of some of the species witli a peculiar BY W. HACLEAY, F.L.S. 311 armature on the side of the tail, which in females is much less developed or entirely absent. Upper jaw with a double series of incisor-like teeth, six in the outer, and four in the inner series ; lower jaw with six similar teeth in a single series. The first dorsal fin reduced to a single strong spine, behind which generally another rudimentary spine. Ventral fins reduced to a simple osseous fixed or moveable small appendage, which is sometimes rudimentary or entirely absent. No barbel. Vertebra? 7/11-14. Tropical and Sub-tropical Seas. 1. Anal fin with less thm forty rays. A. Dorsal spine with four series of barbs. 992. Monacanthus hippocrepis, Quoy & Gaim. Gunth., Cat Fishes, VIII., p. 246.— Casteln. Proc. Linn. Soc, N. S. Wales, Vol. III., p. 399. Aleuterius variabilis, Richards. Voy. Erebus and Terror, p. 67, pi. 53, fig. 1. Described in Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S. "Wales, loe. cit. Port Jackson, South Australia. 993. Monacanthus Gunnii, Gunth. Gunth., Cat. Pishes VIIL, p. 247. D. 34. A. 33. Skin velvety, without distinct scales. Body somewhat elevated, its depth being a little more than half the total length without caudal fin. Snout rather produced, with the upper profile very slightly concave. Gill-opening much advanced, its greater portion being in front of the eye ; pectoral fin below the middle of the orbit. Dorsal spine strong, above the middle of the orbit, with a double row of barbs in front and behind, the 312 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, anterior rows being1 much closer together than the posterior. Caudal fin rounded ; dorsal and anal fins low. Ventral spine small, fixed, with spikes pointing forwards and backwards. Dark brown, mottled with black. Tasmania. Length eleven inches. 994. Monacanthus coNVEXiROSTRis, Gunth. Gkmth., Cat. Fishes VIII., p. 248. D. 34-37. A. 32-35. Body covered with small spiny but very distinct scales, without cutaneous filaments. Body rather oblong, its depth being about two-fifths of the length without the caudal fin. Snout rather produced, with the upper profile convex. Gill-opening much advanced, partly in front of the vertical from the anterior margin of the eye ; pectoral fin below the middle of the orbit. Dorsal spine situated above the hinder half of the eye, rather strong, but much shorter than the head, armed in front with a double series of barbs, which are closely set and smaller than those behind. Caudal fin rounded, shorter- than the head ; dorsal and anal fins low. Ventral spine small, fixed, prominent, with barbs. Coloration uniform greyish, or clouded with darker. Length nine inches. Tasmania, Port Jackson. (Castelnau.) 995. MONACANTHUS MULTIRADIATUS, Guntll. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIII. , p. 248. D. 38. A. 36. Body covered with minute rough scales, with short bristles on the side of the tail, which in adult examples is armed with three pairs of strong spines pointing forwards. Body oblong, its depth being contained twice and three-fourths in the length exclusive of the caudal fin. Snout produced, with the upper profile convex. Gill-opening situated below the hind margin BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 313 of the orbit, the pectoral fin being entirely behind the vertical from the eye. Dorsal spine compressed in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the body, armed laterally with a row of barbs, and in front with a double series of small very closely set barbs ; it is smooth behind, rather feeble, and situated above the hinder part of the orbit. Caudal fin truncate ; dorsal and anal fins low. Ventral spine very small, rough, free from the abdominal flap. Coloration uniform brownish grey ; the base of the caudal spines of the hind margin of the caudal fin light- coloured. South Australia. Length eighteen inches. 996. Moxacantiius traciiylepis, Gunth. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIIL, p. 248. D. 39. A. 35. Scales not distinct, replaced by short vertical prominences, each of which bears from three to five spinelets. Tail with two pairs of strong compressed spines bent forwards. Body oblong, its depth being contained twice and two-thirds in the length without the caudal fin. Snout produced, with the upper profile straight. Gill-opening below the hinder half of the orbit; pectoral fin behind the vertical from the hind margin of the orbit. Dorsal spine strong, very long, nearly as long as the head, situated above the posterior half of the orbit ; it is armed behind with a double series of very small barbs, and there is also a double series of minute barbs in the median line of the anterior surface of the spine. Caudal fin rounded, short ; dorsal and anal fins low. Ventral spines very small, fixed, with very short spikes radiating from its centre. Colour blackish-brown ; the dorsal and anal fins yellow, the tail orange ; blue spots along the base of the dorsal, anal, and caudal fins. Broken Bay. Length fourteen inches. U 314 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, 997. MoNACANTnus Peronii, Hollard. Ann. des Sc. Nat. 1854, Vol. II., p. 356, pi. 13, fig. 4. D. 35. A. 34. P. 12. Rather elongate, profile straight or with an almost impercep- tible concavity ; back slightly concave between the two dorsal fins ; the dorsal spine is short, straight with short spines on all the angles ; the ventral spine is prominent, covered with spinules, and is immediately in front of a marked abdominal concavity. The scales are spine-like with swollen tips. The colour is a pale brown, with darker brown spots on the body, disposed in rather irregular series ; two or more narrow brown bars across the caudal fin. Australia (Hollard). The Fish described by Dr. Gunther (Cat. VIII., p. 240) as M. Peronii, Hollard, cannot be that species. I believe that Count Castelnau has also made a similar mistake in the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of N. S. Wales, Vol. III., 398, and given this name to a species distinct not only from Hollard's but also from Dr. Gkmther's. 998. MoNACANTIIUS GUNTIIERI, Monacanthus Peronii, Gunth,, Cat. Pishes VIII., p. 249. D. 33-35. A. 33. Body covered with papillrc, each with a round expansion at the top, like a mushroom ; in examples exposed to the air for some time they shrink, assuming the appearance of a spine. Adult males with a band of long stiff slender spines on each side of the tail between the dorsal and anal fins, like a tooth-brush. Body oblong, its depth being contained twice and one-third in the total length (without caudal fin). Snout produced with the upper profile very slightly concave ; base of the pectoral fin below the hinder part of the eye. Dorsal spine straight, four-edged, each edge with a series of barbs, the anterior barbs being stronger BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 315 than the posterior; the spine is inserted above the middle of the orbit, and is not more than one-half of the length of the head. Caudal fin rounded ; dorsal and anal fins low. Ventral spine very short, fixed. Brown, with small darker brown spots. Length ten inches. Tasmania, Port Phillip, Port Jackson. » 999. Monacanthtts Brownii, Bichards. Toy. Erebus and Terror, p. 08.— Gunth. Cat. Fishes, TILL, p. 249. D. 32-33. A. 30-31. Skin minutely granular. Adult specimens with the sides of the tail covered with short, fine, setiform bristles, and with two pairs of strong straight conical spines. Body oblong, its depth being one-third of the length, exclusive of caudal fin. Snout produced, with the upper profile convex. Dorsal spine of moderate strength, straight, much shorter than the snout ; four- edged, each edge with a series of barbs. Caudal fin rounded ; dorsal and anal fins low. Ventral spine none ; abdominal edge trenchant. Green with blue dots over the whole body ; the spots are replaced by blue oblique and longitudinal lines on the side of the head and anterior part of the trunk. The pai*t of the tail which is armed with bristles and spines is of an orange colour. Fins green. Length twelve inches. Coasts of Australia. 1000. Monacaxthus stilomelanuiiits, Quoy & Gaim. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIII., p. 2,50. 3f. paragaudatus, Bichards., Voy. Erebus and Terror, p. 60, pi. 39, figs. 1-4. I). 30-32. A. 28-32. Skin minutely granular. Adult males with a tooth-brush-lik cluster of setiform spines on the side of the tail between the 316 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES dorsal and anal fins. Body oblong-, its depth, being about one- third of the length with caudal fin. Snout long, pointed, the upper profile being much more oblique than the lower. Dorsal spine of moderate strength, rather short, straight, four-edged, each edge with a series of barbs ; the spine is inserted above the hinder part of the orbit. Caudal fin rounded ; dorsal and anal fins of moderate height. Yentral spine very small, in young examples absent. Brownish, with brown and light dots about the head and body ; side of the body with dark undulated lines. Young examples with a narrow light line edged with black above and below, from the snout through the lower part of the eye along the middle of the side ; a brown line runs from one eye round the forehead to the other. Caudal fin with a vertical intra- marginal black band, which disappears in old examples. Tasmania, South Australia, Port Jackson. Length eight inches. 1001. Monacantiius maculosus, Bickards. Voy. Erebus and Terror, p. 67, pi. 39, figs. 5-7. — Hollard, Ann. Sc. Nat. 1854, II., p. 359, pi. 14, fig. 1. D. 29-33. A. 29-30. P. 12. Of rather elongate form, the height of the body being one-third of the total length. Snout long, very slightly concave above. Dorsal spine rather longer than in M. spilomelamirm with four rows of barbs, it is placed behind the orbit. The ventral spine is very small and very feebly armed ; caudal fin long, rather pointed. Colour brownish with a number of small darker spots ; the caudal fin with a brown cross-bar at its base) and sometimes near the extremity also. Length five inches. Tasmania, Port Jackson. 1002. MONACANTHUS CASTELNAUI. M. Peronii, Casteln. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. III., p. 398. Port Jackson. BY "W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 317 1003. Monacantutjs Fbeycineti, Hollard. Ann. des Sc. Nat. 1854, Vol. II., p. 336, pi. 12, fig. 3. D. 36. A. 35. P. 13. The profile of the head and snout is almost straight, and at an angle of 40°, or more ; the muzzle is very obtuse and the back between the fins horizontal. The dorsal spine is very long, with four rows of barbs and is a little flattened, the second ray or spine attached to the first by a membrane, is much larger than usual, and resembles a Balistes. The soft dorsal and anal fins are considerably lower posteriorly than in front. The ventral spine terminates in a prominent spinous plate, the abdominal outline behind it extending some distance before the commence- ment of the anal fin. On each side of the tail there are six or seven strong spines placed in two rows, and pointing backwards. The colour is uniform and of a darkish hue, in most preserved specimens, but one shows traces of lines or streaks on the body, the spines on the tail are generally black on the point, and the portion of the tail on which they are situated is of a lightish hue. New South Wales. 1004. MoNACANTnus platifrons, Hollard. Ann. des Sc. Nat. 1854, Vol. II., p. 341. D. 33.? A. 31.? P. 12. Form thick and rather elongate, the profile of the head a little convex, at an angle of 30°; the forehead is very broad and flat between the eyes, and the muzzle is rounded. The dorsal spine is straight and rather short, with four rows of barbs ; it is placed above the hinder half of the eye which is very large. The ventral spine is not prominent and has at its extremity a small spinous plate. The soft dorsal and anal fins are wanting, or much injured, in the only specimen known. The scales of the body each bear from one to four straight slender spinules, 318 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, smallest at their extremity. The colour seems to be uniform, and of a blackish-gray. King George's Sound. 1005. Moxacantiius Porsteri, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. I., p. 204. D. 34. A. 27. P. 13. C. 12. V. none. The profile in front of the dorsal spine is concave, behind it convex. The body is rather elongate, the height being contained twice and one-third in the total length ; the snout from its extremity to the orbit is four times and one-third in the same ; the lower profile is more convex than the upper. The dorsal spine is slender, short, and straight, its length is contained once and one-fifth in the transverse diameter of the eye ; it is placed over the centre of the eye, and is compressed, quadrangular and armed with short barbs. No ventral spine ; caudal fin long ; the shin is covered with very minute granulations, which become spinous on the tail. The four large anterior teeth are almost square. Colour dark green on the upper parts of the body, white beneath, with irregular dark spots most numerous on the sides. Pins light green. Port Phillip. Length three inches. 1006. Moxacaxthus prasinus, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc. Victoria, Vol. I., p. 205. D. 35. A. 34. P. 13. ' Profile straight. The dorsal spine is inserted over the posterior third of the eye, is arched and armed with four rows of strong spines directed downwards, those in the posterior row largest. The spine is very strong, and its length is twice and a quarter the diameter of tho orbit ; there is a second spine, which is one-third of the length of the first. Tho ventral spine is fixed and formed of a small nest of spinelets, three of which, on oauh BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 319 side, are much larger than the others and curved. The height of the body, when the pubic bone is extended, is twice and two- thirds the total length. The two front teeth are triangular, and by their junction form a pointed edge, the other teeth are also pointed. The skin is covered with very fine velvety granulations. The colour is bright green, silvery on the belly ; the second dorsal and anal fins transparent, rather darker on the margin. Port Phillip, Port Jackson. Length two and a half inches. 1007. ]\fotf acanthus Baudixi, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc. Victoria, Vol. II., p. 55. D. 35. A. 31. P. 13. C. 8. Body covered with indistinct scales of a lozenge form, each with three or four spinelets. Snout very long, profile straight. The distance from the snout to the orbit is one-fourth of the total length. Teeth very large, the upper ones conical, and the lower strongly and obliquely emarginate and forming a strong external point. The ventral spine is very small and fixed, its spinelets very small. The dorsal spine is situated over the posterior part of the eye, it is slender and straight and its length is one-sixth of the total length ; it has four series of barbs, the anterior two smaller and closer together than the posterior. The caudal fin is rounded, the soft dorsal and anal fins are high. Coloration not mentioned. Victoria, Tasmania. Length ten inches. 1008. Moxacanthus Lesueueii, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. II., p. 56. D. 34. A. 33. P. 15. The body is oblong, with the upper profile of the head very concave. The skin is covered with very minute and smooth scales, those of the head and some parts of the body more granulose. Snout thick, much rounded above, its length to the 320 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, orbit is one-fourth of the total length. Teeth moderate, almost square, with the two upper front ones larger and shaped obliquely into a point. "Ventral spine of moderate size, rounded, and surrounded by a crown of very short spines ; it does not appear moveable. The dorsal spine is thick, straight, as long as the snout, and inserted over the centre of the orbit, which is placed obliquely ; there are on it four rows of strong and equi-distant barbs. The caudal fin is rather long, the soft dorsal and anal fin low. Colour dark brown, fins pinkish or of a paler colour. "Western Port. Length four inches. *»' 1009. MoNACAXTHUS MARGARITIFER, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. II., p 80. Syn. 21. perullfcr, and obseuvus folim brunncus) Castelnau, and 21. Damellii, Gunth. D. 30. A. 28. The entire head and body coarsely granular, each granule terminating in a spine. Tail not armed. The depth of the body is more than half the length (caudal fin excluded). Snout rather produced with the upper profile slightly concave. Gill-opening below the middle, root of the pectoral fin below the posterior half of the eye. Dorsal spine above the middle of the eye, long, as long as the distance from the gill-opening to the snout, armed with four series of barbs, of which the anterior are smaller and closer together than the posterior. Caudal fin rounded ; dorsal and anal fins low. Ventral spine short, fixed, with very short spikes. Colour uniform blackish-grey. Length six inches. "West Australia, South Australia, Port Jackson. 1010. MoXACAXTHUS VITTIGER, Castelll. Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. II., p. 81. D, 30. A. 30. P. 13. C. 12. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 321 The height of the body is contained twice and two thirds in the total length ; the length of the head about three times in the same ; the diameter of the eye is contained once and two-thirds in the length of the snout. Form rather elongate ; the body is covered with minute mushroom-shaped granulations. The ventral spine is formed of a little bunch of spinules ; the dorsal spine is inserted a little behind the centre of the orbit, and a little in front of the insertion of the pectorals ; its height is about equal to half that of the body ; it is straight, four-edged, and terminates in a small filament ; the anterior barbs are strong, directed downwards ; the posterior are more feeble and closer together than the anterior. The caudal fin is rather long. Colour light green, white on the belly, an irregular, broad band extends on each side from the snout to the tail ; the first dorsal fin is green, the second and the anal and pectorals are white and transparent. Length under two inches. South Australia. 1011. Moxacantiius Yagoi, Casteln. Proc Linn. Soc. N.S. AVales, Vol. II., p. 245. St. Vincent's Gulf. Length ten and a half inches. 1012. Moxacantuus Santi-Joanxi, Casteln. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. AVales, Vol. II., p. 246. Hobson's Bay. Length ten to twelve inches. 1013. MoXACANTIIUS GUTTULATUS, Macl. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. III., p. 37, pi. 4, fig. 2. King George's Sound. 1014. MoxACANTnus melas, Gunth. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1876, Vol. XVII., p. 402. I). 34. A. 34. o22 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, Skin velvety, without distinct scales. Shape oblong, the height of the body being a little less than one-third of its length (without caudal), or two-sevenths of the total length. Snout long, the distance of the eye from its end being contained thrico and four-fifths in the length of the bod}r ; upper profile very convex. Gill-opening below and partly in advance of the eye. Boot of the pectoral fin beneath the hinder part of the orbit. Dorsal spine long and slender, situated above the hinder part of the eye, its length being contained once and a half in the depth, of the body and in the length of the head ; four rows of very small barbs, the two anterior close together, all being rather indistinct. Caudal fin with the margin rounded. Dorsal and anal fins higher anteriorly than posteriorly. Ventral spine small, fixed. Colour brownish-black, with two whitish bands across the chin. Dorsal spine and caudal fin black ; the other fins light-coloured. Tasmania. Length fourteen inches. B. Dorsal spine with two series of barbs. 1015. MoN ACANTHUS ChINENSIS, Bl. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIIL, p. 236.— Bleek. Atl. Ichth. Balist., p. 125, pi. 222, fig. 2. Syn. M. geographicus, Cuv. & Casteln. Ees. Pishes of Aust., p. 50. D. 28. A. 28-29. Vert. 7/11. Scales exceedingly small and rough, each with a median crest which sometimes terminates in a spine. On each side of the tail six spines directed forwards and disposed in two rows ; they are scarcely visible in young specimens or females. Body elevated, its depth being contained from once and a half to once and three-fourths in the length without caudal fin ; the upper profile rises from the dorsal spine to the origin of the soft dorsal fin, which is the highest part of the back. Snout pointed, with the upper profile concave. Dorsal spine strong, shorter than the BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 323 head, inserted above the posterior half of the eye, and armed behind with a double series of strong recurved spines. Caudal tin rounded, rather shorter than the head ; old males with the upper caudal ray slightly produced. Ventral spine moveable, tapering, without spinelets, attached to the cutaneous ventral expansion, which is much developed, extending beyond the spine. Dorsal and anal fins moderately elevated, the sixth or seventh rays being the longest, about half as long as the head. Brownish, irregularly marbled with blackish, and the whole body or part of it with numerous small brown spots. Vertical fins crossed by series of small black dots or lines. North-west Coast of Austi'alia. 1016. Mon acanthus megalurus, Eichards. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIII., p. 237. — Casteln. Proc. Linn. Soe. N.S. Wales, Vol. III., p. 398. M. Chimnsis, Eichards. Voy. Erebus and Terror, p. G4, pi. 40, figs. 3-4. D. 32. A. 31. The description of the previous species, M. chinensis applies in every particular to the present species excepting that the scales are larger and the dorsal spine more slender. The coloration is given by Count Castelnau in Vol. III., of our Proceedings floe. cit.J Port Jackson, Freycinet's Harbour. 1017. Monacanthus tomentosus, L. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIII., p. 238.— Bleek., Atl. Ichth. Balist., p. 127, pi. 220, fig. 1. D. 27-29. A. 25-27. Scales exceedingly small, each with four or five spines on the margin ; on each side of the tail an oblong patch of short setiform spines, well developed in adult males, but very small or entirely absent in females and young. Body sometimes with scattered, 324 DESCEIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, short filaments. Body elevated, its depth being one-half or two- thirds of the length without the caudal fin. Snout pointed, with the upper profile concave. Dorsal spine very strong, about as long as the head, situated above the eye rather behind the middle, and armed behind with a double series of strong recurved spines. Caudal fin rounded ; dorsal and anal fins low. Ventral spine moveable ; armed with curved spinelets on the side, separated from the ventral rays. Brown, marbled with blackish ; an indistinct whitish longitudinal band on the side of the trunk, behind the gill-opening. Caudal fin with two blackish cross-bands. Australia (Gunther), Endeavour Biver (young, Macl. Mus.) 1018. Monacanthus sulcatus, Hollard. Ann. Sc.Nat. 1854, IT., p. 363, pi. 14, f. 3.— Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIIL, p. 239. D. 29-32. A 31-33. Scales minute, spiny, each with a keel, the keels confluent, forming parallel longitudinal raised lines. Body rather elevated, its depth being a little more than one-half the length without caudal fin. The dorsal profile between the dorsal fins somewhat oblique, the commencement of the second dorsal being the highest point. Snout slightly pointed, with the upper profile nearly straight. Dorsal spine of moderate strength, tapering, shorter than the head, situated above the posterior part of the orbit and armed with two series of barbs behind. Caudal fin rounded, sometimes with the upper ray produced into a short filament ; dorsal and anal fins of moderate height. Ventral spine moveable, tapering, rough, free from and extending beyond the ventral flap. Brown, irregularly marbled with darker ; sometimes a roundish blackish blotch below the anterior third of the dorsal fin. Australia. (McGillivray.) Length three and a half inches. 1019. MoNACANTlIUS GRANULATUS, White. Bichards. Voy. Erebus and Terror, p. 63, pi. 40, figs. 1-2. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 325 M. granulosus, Gunth., Cat. Fishes, VIII., p. 243. D. 30. A. 28-29. Yert. 7/11. Body covered with papillae, each with a round expansion at the top, like a mushroom ; in dried examples they shrink, assuming the appearance of a short spine. Body rather oblong, its depth being nearly one-half of the total length (without caudal). Snout moderately produced, with the upper profile slightly concave. Dorsal spine strong, barbed behind, but not in front, rather shorter than the head and situated above the posterior part of the orbit. Caudal fin rounded, of moderate length ; dorsal and anal fins low. Ventral spine very short, not moveable. Brownish grey, marbled with dark brown, with the papilla3 white ; fins olive yellow sprinkled with brown ; generally two large dark spots on the belly at the base of the anal fin. Port Jackson. Length nine inches. 1020. Monacanthus eudis, Kichards. Voy. Erebus and Terror, p. 65, pi. 40, f. 7-8. — Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIII., p. 244. D. 34-35. A. 34. Body covered with minute, rough, but distinct scales. Body oblong, its depth being two-fifths of the length without the caudal fin. Pectoral fin situated behind the vertical from the orbit. Snout long, with the upper profile convex. Dorsal spine inserted above the posterior half of the orbit, of moderate strength, two-thirds as long as the head, armed with a double series of small barbs behind, rough in front. Caudal fin rounded ; dorsal and anal fins low. Ventral spine very small, fixed. Brown, uniform or with four indistinct, broad, whitish longitudinal bands. Caudal fin with a broad blackish margin. Tasmania, Port Jackson. Length nine inches. 326 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, 1021. Monacanthus Ayraudi, Quoy & Gaim. Voy. Uran. Zool. p. 216, pi. 47, f. 2.— Ghinth., Cat. Fishes VIII., p. 244. Syn. If. vittatus, Richards., and Frmienfeldii, Kner. D. 32. A. 31. Skin rough, velvety. Body elongate, its depth being rather less than one-third of the total length without caudal fin. Pectoral fin situated below the hinder half of the orbit, immediately in front of the vertical from the dorsal spine. Snout very long, rather obtuse, with the upper profile a little convex. Dorsal spine rather feeble, compressed in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the body, armed with a single lateral series of barbs. Caudal fin sub-truncate, the upper lobe slightly produced in old examples ; dorsal and anal fins elevated in front. Ventral spine very small, fixed. Brownish, with two or four whitish longitudinal bands, the middle one broad and more distinct than the outer, in old specimens the colour is uniform. Port Jackson. Length eighteen inches. This species of Leather Jacket is very abundant on the Schnapper Grounds outside of Port Jackson, and is .very destructive to the fishermens' lines. 1022. Moxacanthus edelexsis, Casteln. Researches on the Fishes of Australia, p. 50. D. 33. A. 31. General form elongate, the height of the body being twice and a half in the length without the caudal fin. Snout produced, the upper profile straight or very little concave ; skin entirely velvety ; no spines on the tail ; caudal fin rounded ; ventral spine small, fixed, witli its spinlets directed backwards. A perpen- dicular line drawn from the base of the dorsal .spine to that of the pectoral fin would go through the centre of the eye. Dorsal BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 327 spine long, straight, with a double series of strong spines directed downwards on its posterior part, and very faint traces of a similar double series, as far distant, on the anterior face. Colour dark brown, beneath lighter ; fins light, probably rosy in life. Swan River. Length seven and a quarter inches. 1023. Monacaxthus BRUNNEUS, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. II., p. 108. D. 35. A. 27. P. 15. C. 7. Body rather elongate, entirely covered with very fine spines which give it a velvety appearance. The height of the body is contained twice and one-third in the total length, the length of the head three times and two-thirds in the same ; the diameter of the eye is one-third of the length of the head. Snout rather concave above ; the space between the dorsal fins is convex. The dorsal spine is stout, inserted over the first third of the orbit, covered with fine closely set tubercles, and has on its posterior edge two series of short, thick, conical spines, which towards the base extend to the middle of the breadth of the spine ; the second is very visible. Caudal fin rounded ; the anal begins behind the second dorsal, and both fins are highest at one-fourth of their length. The ventral spine is formed of a small knob of spinules, with a few longer ones on the sides, and four still longer ones directed obliquely, two forwards and two backwards. Colour chocolate-brown, with the posterior margin of the caudal fin white, the dorsal and anal fins pink, and the pectorals of a light brown. Length three and a half inches. Knob Island (Torres Straits). C. Dorsal spine with irregularly arranged barbs and filaments. 1024. MONACANTHUS PENICILLIGERUS, CuV. Gunth., Cat. Pishes VIII., p. 245.— Bleek. Atl. Ichth. Balist., p. 129, pi. 221, fig. 3. 328 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, D. 26. A. 24. Body covered with compressed, three-rooted spines, forming irregular longitudinal series. Fringed fleshy filaments on the dorsal and ventral spines, head and body. Body elevated, its greatest depth being contained from once and one-sixth to once and a half in the length without the caudal fin. The origin of the soft dorsal fin is level with, or but little raised above, the base of the dorsal spine. Snout with the upper profile straight or but little concave. Dorsal spine of moderate strength and length, with spinelets irregularly arranged ; it is inserted imme- diately behind the orbit. Caudal fin more or less elongate, especially in old examples. Ventral spine fixed, spiny, projecting beyond the abdominal membrane. Dorsal and anal fins of moderate height. Brownish, irregularly marbled with darker ; a round black spot in the middle of the side ; some straight black lines along the body and tail. Vertical fins with numerous black dots. Cape York, Queensland, Freycinet's Harbour. D. Dorsal spine without barbs. 1025. Monacantiius trossulus, Bichards. Voy. Erebus and Terror, p. 68, pi. 40, f. 5-6.— Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIII., p. 234. D. (25) 28. A. (23) 26. Skin densely covered with slender, flexible, acute bristles, which are so delicate as to give a velvety feel to the finger. Body elevated ; the height from the second dorsal fin (the highest point) to the point of the pelvic bone is equal to the length without caudal fin. Snout obtuse with the upper profile nearly- straight. The dorsal spine stands over the middle of the orbit, and is roundish, much shorter than the head, and densely covered with minute grains, which lengthen into very fine acicular bristles. No ventral spine. Dorsal and anal fins low. Blackish BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 329 green, -with some minute darker specks and dots of a pale colour scattered over the body, and most crowded on the face and flanks. Along tlie pelvic bone and near the abdomen the dots run into streaks. "West Australia, Victoria, Port Jackson. 1026. Monacanthus ocuLATUS, Gunth. Gunth., Cat. Fishes, VIII., p. 235. D. 24. A. 22. Skin densely covered with minute bristles, producing a velvety appearance. Outline of the body subcircular, its depth being contained once and one-third in the length without the caudal fin. No pelvic protuberance. Snout very obtuse, not projecting. The dorsal spine is rather stout but short, placed behind the eye and about as long as the orbit ; it has no barbs. Dorsal and anal fins of moderate height. Olive-coloured (in spirits) with about nine rather irregular longitudinal rows of purplish ocelli edged with white, and about as large as the pupil of the eye. South Australia, Port Jackson. Length one and a half inch. 1027. Moxacanthus Baueri, Richards. Voy. Erebus and Terror, p. 68. D. 26-27. A. 21. C. 9. P. 6-7. Form inflated as in Tetrodon. Snout short and slender. Belly rounded and prominent without any ventral spine. The dorsal fin stands over the orbit, and has the usual triangular slip of mem- brane behind it. The second dorsal and anal fins are highest anteriorly, but with rounded summits and terminating close to the caudal fin, which is rounded. Skin densely clothed with hair-like spines. Colour bright grass-green, with seven inter- rupted dark brown longitudinal stripes ; nine short bars radiate from the orbit, and on the belly and flanks beneath the stripes are many white specks. The rays of the caudal fin are grass- V 330 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISIIES, green, spotted in cross-rows with umber-brown ; the pectorals have a neutral tint ; the dorsal and anal are yellow, with three rows of black specks between the bases of the rays, and four rows of pale specks disposed in pairs between the tips of the rays. Coasts of Australia. Length four inches. Only known from a drawing by Mr. Ferdinand Bauer in Dr. Brown's possession. 1028. Monacanthus distortus, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. II., p. 14G. D. 27-28. A. 27-28. P. 10. C. 15. The upper profile of the head straight and oblique up to the dorsal spine, behind this a lai-ge gap or emargination, and behind this the back is very elevated and gibbous ; the lower profile is developed into a large rounded ventral pouch, without ventral spine, behind the ventral pouch there is a large gap or emargi- nation similar and opposite to that on the back. The height of the body at the dorsal spine is nine-tenths of the total length, the height a little further back at the depression, is two-thirds of the same ; the eye is nearly as long as the muzzle. The dorsal spine is sleuder, arched, pointed, covered with short spinous bristles, and inserted over the posterior third of the eye. The skin is entirely covered with very short spines, which become longer and more slender on the tail. Colour brown with the fins yellow. West Australia. Length two and a half inches. 2. Anal fin with forty or more rays. 1029. MONACANTIIUS MACRURUS, 11. Sp. D. 42. A. 46. C. 8. P. 14. Body elongate ; the height about one-sixth of the total length. Snout very long, about six times the diameter of the eye in BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 331 length. Profile above concave, the mouth opening- upwards, with tlvree triangular very acutely pointed incisors in each jaw, and with the chin round, prominent and extending beyond the mouth. Dorsal spine short, the length less than the diameter of the orbit, irregularly and densely covered with spinelets, and situated over the posterior third of the orbit ; there are two minute rays behind it in the usual membrane. No ventral spine ; caudal fin of very strong rays, of pointed form, the middle ra}rs very long, nearly one-third of the total length. Shin velvety with very minute spines. Colour in spirits brownish-grey, indistinctly marked with spots and bars, most conspicuous on the tail ; in fresh specimens the ornamentation is most elaborate. Port Jackson. Length seven inches. Genus Anacanthus, Gray. Body compressed, elongate, covered with minute asperities. Dentition as in Mbnaoanthus. The first dorsal fin reduced to a single feeble spine. Ventral fins none. Lower jaw with a fleshy barbel. Vertebra) 20-30. East Indian Archipelago, Australia. 1030. Anacanthus barbattjs, Gray. Gunth., Cat. Pishes, VEIL, p. 255.— Bleek., Atl. Iehth. Ealist., pi. 5, t. 226. D. 44-51. A. 59-65. The height of the body is two-fifths of the length of the head, which is two-fifths of the total length without the caudal fin. Caudal fin very elongate, longer than the head. Dorsal spine very feeble, setiform, above the hind margin of the orbit. West Australia. (Macl. Mus.) Genus Ostraciox, Artedi. The integuments of the body are modified into a carapace composed of juxtaposed hexagonal osseous scutes, the snout, 332 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, bases of the fins, and hind part of the tail being covered by soft skin. Mouth small, maxillary and inter-maxillary bones coalescent, each jaw with a single series of small slender teeth. One short dorsal fin (without spine) opposite to the short anal. Ventral fins none. Vertebrae fourteen, the five last extremely short, the anterior sub-elongate ; ribs none. Tropical and Sub-tropical Seas. A. Carapace closed behind the anal fin. 1031. OSTRACIOX CONCATENATUS, Bl. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIII., p. 259. Carapace three-ridged, forming a broad continuous bridge across the back of the tail. Dorsal ridge with two compressed small spines placed close together, each ventral ridge with two similar spines remote from each other. Supra-orbital edge with a very small or minute spine, pointing backwards and outwards ; it is frequently absent, sometimes double. All these spines become less prominent with age, and only traces of them can be discovered in full grown specimens (eight to ten inches). Inter- orbital space concave. Adults with some horizontal dark stripes on the cheek. Port Jackson. 1032. Ostracion cubicus, Lin. Gunth., Cat. Fishes, VIII., p. 260. (Many synonyms.) Carapace four-ridged, without spines, forming a broad con- tinuous ridge across the back of the tail. Ridges rather blunt. Back slightly convex, without raised ridge in the median line. Inter-orbital space concave. Snout with a hump immediately above the mouth, in very old examples. Body with bluish black-edged ocelli, not more than one on a scute ; but frequently the ocelli are absent on the abdomen or head, or on a portion of the sides or back. Head, sides, and abdomen frequently with BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 333 black dots. Tail immaculate, or with black, never with white, dots. Young with scattered large black dots. Port Darwin, Fair Cape. (Chevert Exp.) Length fifteen inches. 1033. Ostracion rhinorhynciius, Bleek. Atl. Ichth. Ostrac., p. 37, pi. 1 & 3.— Gunth., Cat. Fishes, VIII., p. 263. Carapace four-ridged, without spines, forming a continuous bridge across back of the tail. The median line of the back is distinctly raised. Inter-orbital space very slightly concave. Snout with a hump, which in adults is but little below the level of the forehead. Back and tail, and sometimes the sides with numerous small brown dots (2-10 on one scute). Abdomen immaculate. North-west Australia. (Duboulay.) 1034. Ostracion diapiianus, Bl. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIII., p. 264.— Hollard, Ann. Sc.Nat. 1857, VII., p. 157. Aeanthostracion comutus, Bleek., Atl. Ichth., Ostrac, pi. 2 and 4. Carapace four-ridged ; the broad bridge across the back of the tail is formed by four transverse series of scutes. A pair of short conical spines divergent, and pointing forwards in front of the orbits. A triangular compressed spine in the middle of the back ; generally a small spine on each dorsal ridge, opposite to the central spine. Ventral ridge terminating behind in a strong flat spine, and frequently with two other smaller spines on the side. Interorbital space deeply concave. Caudal fin of moderate length. Sometimes of uniform coloration, sometimes with bluish, some- times with black spots. Port Jackson. 334 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN PISHES, 103-5. Ostracton cornutus, Linn. Gunth., Cat. Fishes, VIII., p. 265.— Hollard, Ann. Sc. Nat. 1857, VII., p. 158. Carapace four-ridgedj forming- a broad bridge across the hack of the tail. A long conical spine above each orbit, pointing forwards. Each ventral ridge terminates behind in a similar long spine pointing backwards. Each dorsal ridge with a slight prominence in the middle of its length, but it is not developed into a spine. Median line of the back slightly raised, without spine. Inter-orbital space deeply concave. Caudal fin very long in adults, with simply bifid rays. Carapace and tail with round bluish and blackish spots in moderate number, of the size of the pupil of the eye. Port Jackson, Endeavour River. Length fourteen inches. B. Carapace not closed hehind the anal fin. ( Aracana, Gray). 1036. Ostracion auritus, Shaw. Richards., Trans. Zool. Soc, III., p. 1G0, pi. 0. — Gunth., Cat. Eishes, VIIL, p. 260. Back without, abdomen with a crest. Spines : one above the hind part of the orbit pointing backwards ; two on each side of the back, rather close together ; one in the middle of the side ; and two or three on each side of the abdomen. Anterior profile of the snout without hump. Head and body with longitudinal, more or less undulated brown (silver or golden) stripes, much narrower than the interspaces ; there are four of them on each check. In old preserved specimens the ornamental colours disappear, the entire fish being of almost uniform coloration. Tasmania, South Australia. Length six inches. 1037. Ostraciox OBNATUS, Gray. Richards., Trans. Zool. Soc, III., p. 161-5. pi. 10 — 1 1.— Gunth. Cat. Fishes VIIL, p. 267. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 335 Back without, abdomen with a crest. Spines : one above the middle of the orbit, nearly erect, pointing upwards and outward ; two on each side of the back ; one in the middle of the side ; two on each side of the abdomen, the foremost being well developed, and situated immediately behind the root of the pectoral fin. Snout in adults with a more or less developed hump. Head and body with numerous alternate brown and yellow longitudinal stripes ; the brown are broader than the yellow, there are about seven on each side of the head. The stripes on the body are sometimes broken up into small spots. Tasmania, South Australia. Length five inches. 1038. Ostraciox lexticularis, Richards. Proc. Zool. Soc.; 1841, p. 21.— Guntli., Cat. Fishes, VIII., p. 268. Carapace much compressed, back and abdomen compressed into a crest ; no spines, sometimes the centre of each scute slightly raised. Colour pink with yellow tints, on the sides and back some spots of an ochreous yellow, having the centre darker ; lower parts of the body and mouth of a rose colour, becoming darker towards their extremities. Length twelve inches. Port Jackson, South Australia. 1039. Ostraciox AMiEXUS, Castelu. Avacana amana, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc. Victoria, Vol. L, p. 207. Carapace with five ridges, the abdomen forming an inferior one ; spines short, thick, conical, blunt, not arched, placed one above the orbit, pointing outwards; two on each side of the back, pointing backwards ; beneath these are others still shorter and which are merely white striated tubercles, these are placed, one on each side towards the middle, and three on a line at the beginning of the belly, — one is under and a little behind the root of the pectoral fin, the other two close together and more behind. The entire carapace is rough and covered with small 336 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, tubercles. Caudal fin long and rounded. Colour above and on the sides dark purple with numerous white narrow longitudinal lines, running all round the body, four of these on the cheeks ; the belly is orange, the fins yellow, immaculate. Port Phillip. (Casteln.) Length two inches. Family II. GYMNODONTES. Body more or less shortened. The bones of the upper and lower jaw are confluent, forming a beak with a trenchant edge, without teeth, with or without median suture. A soft dorsal, caudal and anal fin are developed, approximate. No spinous dorsal. Pectoral fins. No ventrals. Genus Tetrodox, Bibr. Jaws divided by a median suture. Body with or without small dermal ossifications. Dorsal and anal fins short, with the rays in small number. Tropical and Sub-tropical Seas ; some species in rivers. 1040. Tetrodox l/evigatus, L. Gunth., Cat. Pishes VIII., p. 274. (Synonyms numerous.) Body entirely naked above and on the sides ; abdomen with small three-rooted spines. The length of the head is equal to the distance of the gill-opening from the dorsal fin. Caudal fin forked in adults, sub-truncate in young. Uniform greenish above, sides silvery, abdomen white. Port Jackson, Torres Straits. 1041. Tetrodox luxaris, Bl. Gunth., Cat. Pishes, VIII., p. 274.— Bleek. Atl. Ichth. Gymnod. pi. 1, fig. 2. Tetrodon sjpadiccm Puchards. Bleck. Atl. Ichth. Gymnod., pi. 3, fig. 1. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 337 Castelnau, Proc. Linu. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. III., p. 400. Moreton Bay. 1042. Tetrodon scelaratus, L. Guntli., Cat. Fishes, VIIL, p. 276. T. argenteus, Bleek. Atl. Ichth. Gyrnnod., p. 64, pi. 5, fig 1. Head and back finely skagreened above ; abdomen with very small three-rooted spines. Sides naked. Body elongate ; tail depressed. The length of the head is less than its distance from the dorsal fin. Caudal fin emarginate. Sides with a well defined silvery band ; the parts above the band brownish, with small blackish spots. The brown colour encircles the eye ; a triangular silvery spot in front of the eye. A brownish band round the chin runs along and below the silvery band. Gill- opening deep black. South Australia. Length twenty-seven inches. 1043. Tetrodon hypselogexiox, Bleek. Atl. Ichth. Gymnod., p. 61, pi. 9, fig. 5.— Gunth., Cat. Fishes, VIIL, p. 277. Back from the inter-orbital space to near the dorsal fin, and nearly the entire abdomen, with spines, which are rather distantly placed, and comparatively, not very small ; a cross-band unites the dorsal and abdominal spines behind the pectoral fin, the remainder of the side being naked. The length of the head equals its distance from the dorsal fin. Caudal fin truncate. The upper teeth more than half as large as the lower. The osseous inter- orbital space very narrow, narrower than the eye. Above brown or black, with numerous small round whitish spots. Sides with a broad silvery band, separated from the colour of the back by a longitudinal black stripe, sometimes another shorter stripe along its middle. Lower parts white. Cheek with from three to five sub-vertical brown bars. Port Jackson. Length five to six inches. 338 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, 1044. Tethodox oblongus, Bl. Grunth., Cat. Fishes VIII., p. 278.— Bleek., Atllchth., Gynmod., pi. 4, fig. 4. Back and belly covered with small two rooted spines, the snout and tail naked ; the sides are generally crossed by two broad stripes of spines in front and behind the pectoral fin. The length of the head is nearly equal to its distance from the dorsal fin. Caudal fin truncate. The upper teeth not much smaller than the lower. The osseous inter-orbital space is broad in adults, its width being equal to the length of the snout. Upper r^art of the head and middle of the back brown, with round white spots ; on the sides the brown colour descends in irregular transverse bands. Frequently the distribution of the colours on the sides is the same as on the middle of the back ; that is, all the upper part of the fish is brown, with round white spots (var. albophimheusj. Frequently a large round, black spot above the end of the pectoral fin. Length twelve to fifteen inches. King George's Sound. 1045. Tethodox Hamiltoni, Richards. Voy. Erebus and Terror, p. 03, pi. 39, figs. 10 aud 11. — Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIIL, p. 280. The back and abdomen are covered with minute spines; frequently nothing is visible of the spines, except the pores in which they are lodged, and then the entire fish is smooth to the touch, some specimens are entirely spineless. Snout short, only one-half longer than the eye, and equal to the width of the osseous inter-orbital space. The length of the head is less than its distance from the dorsal fin. Caudal fin rounded. Lower lateral fold distinct. Upper parts brown, with numerous close round black spots ; cheeks with some brown vertical bands or spots ; some large dark blotches on the sides ; sometimes an indistinct dark baud across the back. Lower parts white. Fort Jackson. Length five and a half inches. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 339 10-16. Tetrodox Eichei, Freminv. Gunth., Cat. Fishes, VIII., p. 285.— Blcek. Atl. Ichth. Gymnod., pi. 9, fig. 3. Body, from the lips, densely covered with minute spines. Caudal peduncle smooth. Snout rather obtuse ; the eye being' somewhat nearer to the end of the snout than to the gill-opening'. Infra-orbital space broad. Orbit with a free fold in its entire circumference. Light brownish above, with irregular blackish spots and blotches. Lower parts uniform white. South Australia, Tasmania. Length eleven inches. 1047. Tetrodox virgatus, Richards. Voy. Erebus and Terror, p. 62, pi. 39, figs. 8 & 9. — Gunth., Cat. Fishes, VIII., p. 291. Small spines cover the entire booty, with the exception of the lips and the posterior half of the tail. Snout short and obtuse, rather more than two-fifths of the length of the head, and equal to the width of the inter-orbital space which is flat. Length of the caudal fin equal to its distance from the front margin of the dorsal fin. Body and sides with from si:; to twelve parallel greyish longitudinal lines on each side. Caudal fin with the upper and lower margins black ; root of the pectoral fin black. Capo York, Fort Darwin, Port Jackson. Length ten inches. Said to be synonymous with T. immaculatus, Bloch. 1048. Tetrodon patoca, Ham. Buch. Gunth., Cat. Fishes, VIII., p. 288.— Bleek. Atl. Ichth. Gymnod., pi. 6, fig. 2. Back and abdomen densely covered with very small spines, the snout and tail and a band along the sides being naked. Snout obtuse, convex, its length being less than the width of the inter-orbital space, which is rather convex. Upper parts 340 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, brownish, with more or less numerous round whitish spots. Sides silvery ; abdomen white. A simple, non-perforate nasal cavity with a fringed edge. Port Darwin. 1049. Tetrodon fasciatus, Macl. Proc Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. II., p. 365, pi. 10, tig. 5. Port Darwin. 1050. Tetrodon Bibroxi, Casteln. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. II., p. 247. Moreton Bay. 1051. Tetrodon Staigeri, Casteln. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. II., p. 248. Moreton Bay. 1052. Tetrodon pleurostictus, Gunth. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1871, p. 674, pi. 69, fig. A. The lower side of the tail with a distinct ridge-like fold. The two nasal openings on each side are in a single papilla. The anterior part of the abdomen and sometimes the middle of the back of the trunk with minute spines; the remainder of the fish being entirely smooth. Snout short, its length being less than the width of the inter- orbital space. The length of tho head ecpials its distance from the dorsal fin. Caudal fin truncate. Upper parts brown ; sides greyish, gradually passing into the white of the lower parts. A series of three black round spots on each side of the body — the first corresponding to the upper posterior corner of the pectoral fin, the second below the end of the dorsal, and the third on the upper half of the tail near the base of the caudal fin. Port Bowen, Port Mackay. Length four inches. BY W. MACLEAT, F.L.S. 341 1053. Tetrodox hisfidus, L. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIII., p. 297. Crayracion Interna, Bleck. Atl. Ichth. Gymnod., pi. 1., fig. 3. Very small spines cover the whole body from the snout to the space between the dorsal and anal fins, the hind part of the tail being naked ; abdominal spines with two, three, or four short roots. Two solid nasal tentacles without opening on each side. Snout of moderate length, with the upper profile slightly concave. Orbit prominent, situated in the middle of the length of the head. Inter-orbital space concave, not twice as broad as the orbit. Length of the caudal fin equal to its distance from the front margin of the dorsal. Brown above with not very numerous rounded bluish- white spots. One or two bluish rings round the gill-opening, pectoral fin, and orbit. The lower parts of the sides are variously marked with either blotches or vertical or longitudinal bands or stripes. Port Jackson. Length twenty inches. 1054. Tetrodox firmamentuk, Schleg. Gunth., Cat. Fishes, VIII., p. 299. Small two-rooted spines cover the entire body, except the snout and the posterior part of the caudal peduncle ; there are about fifty spines in a longitudinal series between the nostril and dorsal fin. Two solid nasal tentacles without opening on each side. The length of the snout is contained twice and two- thirds in that of the head, and is a little less than the width of the inter-orbital space, which is rather convex. Greyish above, lighter below, all parts with ovate white spots, smaller than the eye, and than the interspaces of the ground colour. Port Jackson. Length eleven inches. 1055. Tetrodox Darwixii, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. II., p. 94. 342 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, The height of the body is one-fourth of the total length, the ■width nearly the same ; the diameter of the eye is three times and a half in the length of the head. The nasal openings are on a prominent papilla in front of the eye. Snout rather obtuse. Two-rooted minute spines cover the upper part of the head and the back to near the end of the pectoral fins, where they terminate in forming a triangle. The front part of the head and cheeks are smooth, the spines beginning behind the nostril. The throat and belly are covered with small spines and pores. The dorsal fin is situated equidistant between the snout and the end of the tail. Caudal fin truncated, its length being about equal to the breadth of the back. Colour in spirits slaty blue above, beneath yellowish; fins yellow. Without spots. Port Darwin. Length three and a half inches. 1056. Tetrodox marmoratus, Casteln. Crayraaion marmorata, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc. Victoria, Vol. II., p. 148. One nasal opening only on each side. The upper anterior part of the body from near the end of the pectoral fins to the head, covered with rather strong spiues placed a considerable distance from one another ; the rest of the head and body smooth. Dorsal fin of eleven rays ; caudal of eight long rays, ventrals of ten, and pectorals of sixteen. Above dark brown, covered with very numerous irregular round whitish spots ; lower parts and fins yellow. West Australia. Length five and a half inches. 1057. Tetrodox lixeatus, Bl. Bleek. Atl. Ichth. Gymnod., p. 70, pi. 8, fig. 1.— Gunth., Cat. Pishes, VIII., p. 295. Small but rather prominent spines cover the entire body, extending forward to or nearly to the lips, and behind nearly to BY "W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 343 the root of the caudal fin. Snout short, obtuse, two-fifths or more of the length of the head, and rather more than the width of the inter-orbital space, which is flat or but slightly concave. On each side two solid nasal tentacles without opening-. Length of the caudal fin equal to its distance from the dorsal. Colour of a greenish olive with very numerous bluish dots ; the abdomen which is very large is beautifully marked with white or yellow fascice ; fins yellow. Port Jackson. 1058. Tetrodon amabilis, Casteln. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. III., p. 401. Port Jackson. Genus Diodox, L. Jaws without median suture. Body covered with dermal ossifications, each with a pair of lateral roots, and with a stiff, moveable, and erectile spine. Nasal tentacle simple, with a pair of lateral openings. Tropical Seas. 1059. Diodox hystrix, L. Bleek. Atl. Ichth. Gymnod., p. 56, pi. 3, fig. 2. — Gunth., Cat. Pishes, VIII., p. 306. Spines strong, dilated at the base, and with a pair of basal grooves ; the post-pectoral spines are the longest, about as long as the pectoral fin, those of the posterior part of the back short and broad. Prontal spines of medium size. The upper and lower side of the tail with two or three pairs of immovable spines. All the upper and lateral parts and the fins with numerous small round black or brown spots. Port Jackson. (Castelnau.) 344 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, 10C0. DlODON SPINOSISSIMUS, Cuv. Gunth., Cat. Fishes, VIII., p. 307. All the spines long, slender, with an anterior ridge between a pair of grooves, not extending beyond a third of the length of the spine. Upper part of the tail with a pair of spines besides those on the sides. The roots of the spines are strong and long, half as long as the spine or longer. There are about seventeen transverse series of spines between the snout and dorsal fin. A more or less distinct blackish band runs from one eye to the other across the throat ; sometimes another vertical band in front of the gill-opening. Upper parts blackish, base of each spine with a black spot. Abdomen white. Port Phillip, West Australia (Castelnau). 1061. DlODON XOVEiMACULATUS, CllV. Bleek. Atl. Ichth. Gynmod., p. 57, pi. 2, fig. 3.— Castelnau Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, p. 401. — Atopomijcterus Boragei, Steindacher. Port Jackson. 1062. Diodon Blochii, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. I., p. 210. " Sea Hog " of Melbourne. Spines less numerous than in D. Injstriv. Head broad ; mouth wide ; the interorbital space equal to two diameters of the orbit ; five spines in the first row before the eyes ; in all eleven or twelve transverse irregular series, all strong ; but particularly the posterior ones. Dorsal fin 13; caudal 9, A. 13, P. 19. Each spine has two long roots and an anterior ridge. Colour pale green on the back, white ou the belly, at the root of each spine there is a faint brown spot, and on the posterior part of the body some purple blotches. The fins are green, and immaculate, BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 345 with darker margins, the eye is orange, and surrounded by a blue ring. Length six inches. Port Phillip. Genus Ciulomycterus, Bibr. Jaws without median suture. Body covered with dermal ossifications, all or most of which consist of three horizontal roots and a stiff erect immovable spine. Nasal tentacle simple, with a pair of lateral openings. Tropical and Sub-tropical Seas. 10C3. ClIILOUYCTERUS JACULIFERUS, CllV. Gnnth.. Cat. Pishes VIII., p. 313.— Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. I., p. 211. Two spines above the orbit ; none in the middle of the fore- head ; no tentacle ; there are only five spines in a straight, longitudinal series from the parietal spine to the side of the dorsal fin. Inter-orbital space quite Hat ; nostrils in front of the orbit. The roots of four spines surround the tail behind the dorsal and anal fins. Spines on the lower parts rather feeble. Jaws strong. P. 19. D. 16. A. 15. C. 9. Three black spots on each side of the body : one in front of the gill-opening, one behind the pectoral fin and a third somewhat in advance of the dorso-anal interspace. Hobson's Bay (Castelnau). Genus Dicotylichthys, Kaup. Jaws without median suture. Body covered with dermal ossifications, each of which is provided with a spine ; the anterior are two-rooted and erectile, the posterior three-rooted and im- moveable. Nasal tentacle with two cylindrical and tapering branches ; no nostril. Australia ; Cape of Good Hope. W 346 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, 1064. DicoTYLicirrnYs punctulatus, Kaup. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIII., p. 315. Dorsal spines much shorter than those on the sides and abdomen, those in front of the pectorals erectile, those behind three-rooted. Back of the tail without ossifications ; but a root of the last dorsal spine reaches across behind the dorsal fin. About thirteen transverse series of spines between the snout and the dorsal fin. Body with small, round scattered black spots. A black vertical bar below the eye, a second in front of, and a third behind the root of the pectoral fin. Port Jackson. Length ten or twelve inches. *&' Genus Atopomyeterus, Kaup. Characters the same as DicotylicMhys, but the dermal ossifica- tions each provided with two rooted erectile spine. Australia. 1065. Atopomycterus nyciithemerus, Cuv. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIIL, p. 315. All the spines slender, rounded, without ridge. Upper part of the tail without spine. The roots of the spines are very short and feeble. About thirteen transverse series of spines between the snout and the dorsal fin. Upper parts blackish-brown ; in young individuals the dark colour descends on the sides in four bands, viz., below the eye, in front of and behind the pectoral fin, and above the vent. Tasmania, South Australia. Length ten or twelve inches. Genus Ortiiagoriscus, Bl. Jaws without median suture. Tail extremely short, truncate ; vertical fins more or less confluent. Body compressed, short, covered with a rough or tesselated skin not capable of being BY W. MACLEAY, E.L.S. 347 expanded by air. Ventral fins none. No pelvic bone. Air bladder absent. An accessory opercular gill. The seas of the whole World. 1066. Orthagoriscus mola, L. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIII., p. 317. " Sun Fish." Body elevated, its depth being more than the length. Skin rough, minutely granulated. Dorsal and anal fins narrow, high. Eye much nearer to the upper profile than to the lower. Australian Seas. A stuffed specimen of this Fish in the Macleay Museum, captured about six years ago in Port Stephens, measured about ten feet in length, and nearly fourteen feet in height. Sub-class II. PALYICHTHYES. Fishes with the skeleton wholly or partly cartilaginous. Heart with a contractile bulbus arteriosus; intestine with a spiral valve; optic nerves non-decussating. Order I. GANOIBT^. Fishes with the skeleton more or less ossified. Bulb of the aorta muscular, with numerous valves. Branchicr free ; gill-cavity protected by a gill-cover. Intestine with a spiral valve. Optic nerves not decussating. Ventral Jins abdominal if present. Genus Ceratodus, Agassiz. A genus formed by Agassiz on a fossil tooth. It probably is referable to the Family Sirenoidci. 1067. Ceratodus Forsteri, Krefft. Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1870, p. 222, pi.— figs. 1-2-3. General form of Osteoglossum ; scales large, cycloid. L. lat. 35. L. transv. 8. Vent in the posterior third of the total length. 348 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, Vertical fins confluent, the dorsal commencing in the middle of the body. The paired fins long, paddle-shaped, with a central scaly axis bearing a rayed membrane above and below. Ventral fins far back. Gill-opening a narrow slit. The upper and lower jaw armed with a pair of very large six or seven-pronged teeth. Skeleton semi-cartilaginous. Burnett and Dawson Eivers. Length three feet. 1068. Ceratodus miolepis, Gunth. Phil. Trans. 1 871, part 2, p. 516. This species has more scales on the transverse line than C. Forsteri, but is in other respects alike. It is probably only a variety. Burnett Eiver. 1069. Ompax spatuloides, Castelnau. The description of this genus and species will be found, with all the details known or remembered, in the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, Vol. IIP, p. 164, pi. 19 a., fio-s. 1-2-3. I think it is probable that no such Pish was ever found, but I give it a place in my Catalogue, in order to direct attention to the subject, as the liklihood of finding Ganoid Pishes in Queensland waters is asserted by several very distinguished Naturalists. Order II. CHONDROPTERYGII. Skeleton cartilaginous ; skull without sutures. Body with medial and paired fins, the hinder fair abdominal ; caudal fin with produced upper lobe. Gills attached to the shin by the outer margin, with several intervening gill-openings ; rarely one gill-opening only. No gill-cover. ]\To air-bladder. Three series of valves in the bnlbus arteriosus. Intestine with a spiral valve. Optic nerves com mi rurally united, not decussating. Ovaries with few and large ova, which are impregnated BY W. MACLEAY, F. L.S. 349 and in some developed internally. Embryo with deciduous external y ills. Males icith prehensile organs attached to the ventral fins. 1. One external gill-opening, covered by a fold of the skin. (Order Holocephala, Gunther) . Family CHBLERIDiE. Form of the body elongate ; pectoral fins free ; anterior dorsal fin above the pectorals. Mouth inferior. Ventral organs con- fluent into two pair of laminoe in the upper jaw, and into one pair in the lower. No spiracles. Males with a peculiar prehensile organ on the upper part of the snout. Skin naked in the adult. Genus Calloriiynciius, Gronov. Snout with a cartilaginous prominence, terminating in a cutaneous flap. Two dorsal fins, the anterior with a very long and strong spine. Extremity of the tail distinctly turned upwards, with a fin along its lower edge, but without one above. Anal fin close to the caudal, short and deep. South Pacific, Cape of Good Hope. 1070. Callorhynchus antarcticus, Lacep. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIII., p. 351. Syn. C. Peronii and Capensis, Duiu. C. Australis, Shaw and Owen; and C. tasmanius, Eichardson. The second dorsal fin elevated in front. Pectoral fin very large, extending generally to, or even beyond, the base of the ventral. Claspers sub-cylindrical, with a channel along the interior, opening by a lateral slit. Adult with an obscure blackish lateral band. Young with the upper parts black, and with whitish bands and spots. The young have also a double series of very small dermal spines on the crown of the head, and on the back of the trunk and tail ; these spines are also 350 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, sometimes found in half grown and adult examples, in which, however, they are hidden in the skin. Coasts of Australia and Tasmania. -. From five to seven gill-opening 8. (Order Plagiostomata, Gunth.) Sub-Order I. SELACHOIDEL Body more or less cylindrical, gradually passing into l/tc tail. Gill-openings lateral. — Sharks. Family I. CARCHABIID.F. Eye with a nictitating membrane. An anal fin. The first dorsal opposite to the space between the pectoral and ventral tins, without spine. Mouth crescent-shaped, inferior. Genus Carciiarias, Cut. A pit at the root of the caudal fin, which has a distinct lower lobe. Spiracles none. Mouth crescent-shaped ; the labial groove or fold is confined to, or does not extend much beyond, the angle of the mouth. Snout produced longitudinally. Teeth with a single sharp cusp, more or less dilated and triangular. Temperate and Tropical Seas. 1071. Carciiarias acutidens, Eupp. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIII., p. 361.— Mull. & Henle, p. 33. Snout short and obtuse. Pectoral fins pointed, but little extending beyond the origin of the dorsal. The second dorsal fin is but little smaller than the first, and very similar in size and form to the anal. Nostril with a very distinct valve at its lower half. A short groove at the angle of the mouth. Gills of moderate width. Teeth 27/27-29/29, not serrated. Torres Straits. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 351 1072. Oarchaeixts Mulleri, Mull. & Henle. Mull. & Henle, p. 30, pi. 19, fig. 1, teeth. — Dum. Elasmobr., p. 347.— Gunth., Cat. Fishes, VIII., p. 360. Snout elongate and pointed ; mouth nearly as long as broad. Teeth in the middle of the lower jaw small, those on the sides much larger and swollen at the base, with an oblique narrow cusp ; the upper teeth flat and oblique, none denticulated. End of the base of the first dorsal fin opposite to the origin of the ventrals. Second dorsal very small ; anal in advance of the second dorsal. Cape York. 1073. Carciiarias Macloti, Mull. & Henle. Midi. & Henle, p. 34, pi. 10. — Dum. Elasmobr., p. 350. — Gunth., Cat. Eishes, VEIL, p. 302. Snout long, pointed, the nostrils being nearer the mouth than to the extremity of the snout. The teeth of the upper jaw with the base denticulated on both sides ; lower teeth without denticulations. Fort Jackson. 1074. Carcharias glaucus, E. Mull. & Henle, p. 36, pi. 11. — Dum. Elasmobr., p. 353. — Gunth., Cat. Eishes, VIIL, p. 364. " The Blue Shark" of European Seas. Snout very long, nostrils rather nearer to the mouth than to the extremity of the snout. No labial fold, except a groove at the angle of the mouth. Teeth serrated, those of the upper jaw oblique, scarcely constricted near the base ; those of the lower jaw slender, triangular in young specimens, lanceolate with a broad base in adults. Fectoral fin long, falciform, 352 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISIIES, extending to the dorsal, which is nearer to the ventrals than to the root of the pectorals. Tail and caudal fin slender. Port Arthur (Tasmania). 1075. Carcharias gangeticus, Mull. & Henle. Mull. & Henle, p. 39, pi. 13.— Dum., Elasmobr. p. 359.— Gunth. Cat. Fishes VIII., p. 367. Snout very short and obtuse ; nostrils very close to the extremity of the snout. Teeth serrated, 27/27-30/30, those of the upper jaw triangular, their outer edge with a slight trace of a notch ; those of the lower jaw denticulated like the upper, erect, narrow, with broad base. Pectoral fin elongate, falciform. The first dorsal fin commences immediately behind the base of the pectoral and has the anterior margin not convex. Port Jackson. Length thirty inches. 1076. Carcharias bractiyurus, Gunth. Gunth., Cat. Pishes, VIII., p. 369. Snout rather pointed, of moderate length, the distance between its end and the mouth being more than the length of the mouth, and about two-thirds of its width. Nostrils much nearer to tho mouth than to the end of the snout, but nearer to the end of the snout, than to the angle of the mouth. Teeth in the upper jaw oblique, serrated on both margins, and with a deej) notch on tho outer margin ; teeth of the lower jaw narrow, erect, lanceolate, serrated, on a broad two-rooted base. Gill-openings at least twice as wide as the eye. Pectoral fins narrow, pointed, falciform, the length of their inner margin being one-fourth of that of the outer. Dorsal fin rather nearer to the pectorals than to the ventrals, its distance from the pectorals being but littlo less than the length of its base. The second dorsal very small, shorter and lower than tho anal. Origin of tho anal opposite to that of tho second dorsal, and midway between tho ventral and caudal BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 353 tins. The length of the caudal is one-fourth of the total length. Coloration uniform. Port Jackson. Length tive to eight feet. 1077. Carcharias melanopterus, Mull. & Henle. Mull. & Henle, p. 43, pi. 19, fig. 5.— Durn., Elasmobr.. fig. 305 — Gunth., Cat. Fishes, VIII., p. 369. Snout short and obtuse ; the nostrils being nearer to its extremity than to the mouth. Teeth 25/25-31/31, the upper oblique, with the inner margin straight, and the outer notched ; the lower narrower ; both serrated. Pectoral fin falciform, the upper margin being thrice as long as the lower, extending to the end of the dorsal. The first dorsal is only a little nearer to the root of the pectoral, than to that of the ventral. Second dorsal opposite to the anal, to which it is similar in size and shape. Extremities of all the fins deep black. Torres Straits, Port Darwin. The shark mentioned by me under the nome of C. hcmiodon, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, Vol. II., p. 36G, is I find C. melanopterus. Genus Galeocerdo, Muller & Henle. The first dorsal fin opposite to the space between the pectorals and ventrals, without spine. Caudal fin with a double notch. A pit on the tail, above and below, at the commencement of the fin. A nictitating membrane ; pupil of the eye rounded. Small spiracles. Mouth crescent shaped. Teeth sub-ecjual in both jaws, oblique, serrated on both margins, with a deep notch on the outer margin. All Seas. 1078. Galeocerdo Eayneri, MacDonald & Barron. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1868, p. 368, pi. 32.— Earns., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. V., p. 95. 354 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, " Tiger Shark " of Port Jackson Fishermen. Port Jackson. Length twelve feet. '8l Genus Galeus, Cuv. The first dorsal fin opposite to the space between the pectoral and ventral fins, without spine. Caudal fin with a single notch. No pit at the commencement of the caudal fin. A nictitating membrane. Small spiracles. Mouth crescent shaped. Teeth equal in both jaws, oblique, with notch and serrature. Temperate and Tropical Seas. 1079. Galeus australis, n. sp. The snout is long and depressed, the nostrils being very much nearer to the mouth than to the snout. At the angle of the mouth there is a conspicuous fold, which on the upper jaw is continued a considerable distance, but terminates below close to the angle. Eye with a distinct fold above, the pupil horizontal ; spiracle a little behind the eye, a small horizontal slit. The teeth are small and equal in both jaws, strongly notched and strongly serrated on the outer side. The first dorsal fin is about midway between the anterior roots of the pectoral and ventral fins. The second dorsal fin is very small, of the size and shape of the anal, but placed quite half its length in front of it. The caudal fin has a faint trace of a pit above and below at its commencement, and its length is equal to two-thirds of the distance between the first and second dorsals, and is about one-sixth of the total length. A very slight fold extends along each side from the snout to the tail. The upper surface of the snout is marked with numerous pores, and a few are to be traced on the space between the spiracles and the gill-opening ; these last are rather small. The foetus differs in having the spiracles larger and rounder and the fins tipped with black. The colour is pale bluish-grey indistinctly mottled with darker on the back. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 355 Port Jackson. Length six feet. Very numerous and extremely prolific. This Fish has generally been regarded as identical with Galeus cams, " The Tope" of English fishermen. I think I am justified in separating them. It is the " School Shark" of the Port Jackson Fishermen. Genus Zyg.ena, Cuv. The first dorsal fin opposite to the space between the pectorals and ventrals, without spine. Caudal fin with a single notch. A pit at the commencement of the caudal fin. Anterior part of the head broad, flattened and laterally elongated. Eyes situated at the extremity of the lateral elongations. A nictitating membrane. No spiracles. Nostrils situated on the front edge of the head. Mouth crescent-shaped. Teeth of both jaws similar, oblique, with notch. Temporate and Tropical Seas. 1080. Zyg.ena malleus, Shaw. Gunth., Cat. Fishes, VIII., p. 381. Synonyms numerous. " Tlie Hammer -headed Shark." The length of the hinder margin of one side of the hammer is nearly equal to its width near the eye. Nostril close to the eye, prolonged into a groove running along nearly the entire front margin of the head. Port Jackson, Port Phillip. Length from four to eight feet. Genus Mustelus, Cuv. The first dorsal fin opposite to the space between the pectorals and ventrals, without spine ; the second not much smaller than the first. No pit at the root of the caudal fin, which is without distinct lower lobe. A nictitating membrane. Spiracles small, behind the eyes. Mouth crescent-shaped, with well developed, 356 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, long labial folds. Teeth small, numerous, similar in both, jaws, arranged like pavement, obtuse, or with, very indistinct cusps. Temperate and Tropical Seas. 1081. Mustelus antarcticus, Gunth. Gunth., Cat. Fishes, VIII., p. 387.— Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc. Vict, Vol. 1, p. 216. Snout rather obtuse, not much produced, the length of its prseoral portion being somewhat less than the distance between the angles of the mouth. The upper teeth with a rather cutting edge ; but without prominent cusp. Origin of the dorsal fin behind the inner posterior angle of the pectoral. Colour uniform grey. Tasmania, Port Phillip, Port Jackson. Family II. LAMNIDiE. The first dorsal fin opposite to the space between the pectoral and ventral fins, without spine, an anal fin. No nictitating membrane. Mouth crescent-shaped, inferior ; nostrils not con- fident with the mouth. Gill-openings generally wide. Spiracles none or minute. Genus Lamna, Cuv. The first dorsal fin opposite to the space between the pectoral and ventral fins, without spine ; the second dorsal and the anal fins very small. A pit at the root of the caudal fin. which has the lower lobe much developed. Side of the tail with a keel. No nictitating membrane. No spiracles. Mouth wide. Teeth large, lanceolate, not serrated, sometimes with additional basal cusps. Gill-openings very wide. Temperate and Tropical Seas. 1082. Lamna glauca, Mull. & Henle. Oxy rhino, glauca, Mull. & Henle, p. 69, pi. 20. BY "W. MACLEAY, F.L.S 357 " The Blue Pointer" of the Sydney fishermen. Snout ending in a point, not long, its length from the front of the upper jaw being about equal to the length of the cleft of the mouth. The eyes are situated over the middle of the length of the mouth, and the nostrils are in front of the lower margin of the orbit, and nearer to the orbit than to the point of the snout. The teeth in front of both jaws are long, rather cylindrical, pointed, curved a little backwards and two rooted, those on the sides are shorter, and of more compressed form. Gill-openings very large, about equal. The first dorsal fin is about midway between the vertical from the pectoral and ventral fins ; it is triangular, nearly as high as long, and terminating behind its lower extremity in a small pointed lobe. The pectoral fins are rather small, and but slightly falciform, the posterior margin being only slightly emarginate. The second dorsal fin is extremely small, with a pointed lobe behind ; in size and form the anal fin is exactly similar, but its commencement is opposite the posterior point of the second dorsal. The caudal fin is rather small, the lower lobe more than half the size and veiy much of the form of the upper. On each side of the tail, beginning opposite the termination of the anal fin, there is a very prominent sharp edged cutaneous keel, and terminating at the commencement of the caudal fin, its width at its middle being near the one-fourth of its length. The skin is very finely shagreened, almost smooth. The colour of the upper half of the body is blue, of the lower white, the line of demarkation between the two colours being distinctly marked and exactly in the middle of the sides, the keel on the tail being exactly on the line. Coasts of New South Wales. Length twelve feet. Genus Carciiaiiodon', Muller & Henle. The first dorsal fin opposite to the space between the pectoral and ventral, without spine, the second and the anal very small. 358 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISnES, A pit at the root of the caudal, which has the lower lobe well developed. Side of the tail with a keel. No nictitating membrane. Spiracles minute. Sometimes absent. Mouth crescent-shaped, wide. Teeth large, flat, erect, regularly triangular, serrated. Gill-openings wide. Temperate and Tropical Seas. 1083. Carciiarodox roxdeletii, Mull. & Henle. Mull. & Henle, p. 70. — Dum., Elasmobr., p. 411.— Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIII., p. 392. " The White Pointer" of Sydney Fishermen. General appearance of Lamna glauca, vdth the same form of snout and tail, but differs in having the teeth, though as long, much broader and compressed, and serrated. The eye is situated more over the front of the mouth. The first dorsal fin nearer the pectoral fin, which is much longer, but not falciform. The keel on each side of the tail is longer and not so wide, and the lower lobe of the caudal is almost if not quite as long as the upper. Colour pale bluish-grey. Australian Seas. Port Jackson. Greatest length thirty-six feet. Genus Odoxtaspis, Agass. The first dorsal fin opposite to the space between the pectoral and ventral fins, without spine ; the second dorsal and the anal not much shorter than the first dorsal. No pit at the root of the tail ; its side without keel. No nictitating membrane. Spiracles minute, pore-like, above the angle of the mouth. Mouth crescent shaped, wide. Teeth large, awl-like, with one or two small cusps at the base. Gill-openings of moderate width. Temperate and Tropical Seas. 1084. Odontaspis americaxus, Mitch. Gunth., Cat. Fishes, VIII., p. 392.— 0. taunts, Mull. & Henle, p. 73, pi. 30. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 359 " The Grey Nurse" of the Sydney Fishermen. The first tooth of the upper jaw not smaller than the second. One or two small teeth between the third and fourth long- tooth on each side of the upper jaw. Long teeth with a single small cusp on each side of the base. The first dorsal fin very close to the root of the ventral. Length ten feet. Port Jackson, Tasmania, South Australia. Genus Alopecias, Mull. & Henle. The first dorsal fin opposite to the space between the pectoral and ventral fins, without spine ; the second dorsal and anal very small. Caudal fin of extraordinary length, with a pit at its root. No keel on the side of the tail. No nictitating membrane. Spiracles immediately behind the eye, minute or sometimes absent. Mouth crescent-shaped. Teeth equal in both jaws, of moderate size, flat, triangular, not serrated. Gill-openings of moderate width. Temperate and Tropical Seas. 1085. Alopecias vulpes, L. Mull. & Henle, p. 74, pi. 35, fig. 1, teeth.— Gunth., Cat. Fishes, VIII., p. 393 The third tooth on each side of the upper jaw much smaller than the others. Pectoral fins large, falciform. Tail half or more than half the total length. Port Jackson (Macl. Mus.) Length seven feet. Family III. NOTIDANILVE. Characters of the single genus. Genus Notidanus, Cuv. One dorsal fin only, without spine, opposite to the anal. No pit at the root of the caudal fin. No nictitating membrane. 360 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, Spiracles small, on the side of the neck. No lateral fold. Mouth crescent-shaped. Dentition unequal in the jaws : in the upper jaw one or two pairs of awl-shaped teeth, the following six being broader and provided with several cusps, one of which is much the strongest. Lower jaw with six large comb-like teeth on each side, beside the smaller posterior teeth. Six or seven wide gill- openings. Temperate and Tropical Seas. 1086. NoiTDANUS INDICUS, CuV. Macd. & Barr., Proc. Zool. Soc, 1868, p. 371, pi. 33.— Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIII. , p. 398. Snout short and rounded ; cleft of the mouth broader than long. A single median pointed tooth in the upper jaw ; the lower median tooth with, lateral cusps, but without central cusp. The first cusp of the lower teeth is much stronger than the others and serrated on its outer margin. Jervis Bay, Port Jackson. Length five feet. Family IV. SCYLLIDJE. The first dorsal fin above or behind the ventrals, without spine ; an anal fin. No nictitating membrane. Spiracle distinct. Mouth inferior. Teeth small, several series being generally in function. Genus SciTLLiujr, Cuv. Two dorsal fins without spines ; the first above or behind the ventrals ; the origin of the anal fin is always in advance of that of the second dorsal. Spiracle behind the eye. Nasal cavity separate from the mouth. Teeth small, with a middle longer cusp and generally one or two small lateral cusps, arranged in numerous series. Eggs similar to those of Pays. Upper edge of the caudal fin not serrated. Temperate and Tropical Seas. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 361 1087. SCYLLIUM MACULATUM, Bl. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIII., p. 401. — (Not macalatiim of Gray, Eichardson, Bleeker, Dumeril, Muller and Henle, and Cantor.) Nasal valves confluent, without cirrus, forming together a broad flap in front of the mouth, with the hinder margin concave. Both jaws with a well developed labial fold, extending from the symphysis of the lower jaw, round the angle of the mouth, to the nasal flap. Teeth of the lower jaw of moderate size, with a long median cusp, and a pair of small cusps on each side. Gill- openings narrow. Skin of the trunk rough. Ventral fins obliquely truncated behind. End of the anal fin below the middle of the dorsal, the length of its base is equal to that of the dorsal and three-fourths of its distance from the caudal. Brownish, above and below, with scattered round brown spots scarcely as large as the eye and distant from one another. Eort Darwin, Port Jackson. Length two feet. 1088. Scyllium laticeps, Dum. Dum., Elasmobr., p. 323.— Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIII., p. 404. The nasal valves are not confluent, are separated from each other by a very broad interspace, and without prominent cirrus. No labial fold. Teeth very small, tri-cuspid. Head very broad and depressed. End of the anal fin nearly opposite to the end of the dorsal ; anal a little longer than the dorsal, the length of its base being nearly equal to its distance from the caudal. Brownish marbled with darker. Tasmania. Genus Parascyllium, Gill. Two dorsal fins without spines, the first behind the ventrals ; origin of the anal fin in advance of the second dorsal. Spiracle minute, below the posterior angle of the orbit. Nasal and buccal cavities confluent. Two nasal valves each with a short X 362 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, cirrus. Lower lip well developed. Teeth, small, lanceolate, only those of the lower jaw with indistinct lateral cusps. The four first gill-openings distant and much narrower than the last, which is approximate to the fourth and very wide. Australia. 1089. Parascyllium variolatum, Dum. Dum. Elasmobr., p. 327.— Gunth., Cat. Fishes YIIL, p. 410. Lower lip not continuous across the symphysis of the lower jaw ; mouth midway between the eye and the extremity of the snout. The two dorsal fins sub-equal in size, the first very distant from the root of the ventral ; anal nearly entirely in advance of the second dorsal. Dark brown above with more or less distinct black spots. Tasmania. Length from two to three feet. 1090. Parascyllium nuchale, M'Coy. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1874, XIII., p. 15, pi. 2. Body and fins clouded with two shades of chocolate brown, with a broad blackish brown nuchal collar extending from the base of the pectoral fin to halfway between the eye and the first gill-opening ; and two or three very conspicuous large spots of the same dark colour on each of the fins ; the whole of the sides and back covered with white spots, smaller and more crowded on the dark nuchal collar ; under side of throat and abdomen pale whitish-brown. Mouth nearer to the snout than to the eyes. Port Phillip. Length two feet nine inches. Genus Chiloscyllium, Mull. & Ilenle. Two dorsal fins without spines ; the first above or behind the ventrals. Anal fin placed far behind the second dorsal, and very close to the caudal. Spiracle very distinct, below the eye. Nasal and buccal cavities confluent. Nasal valve folded, with a BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 363 cirrus. Lower lip well developed, continuous or interrupted in the middle. Teeth small, triangular, with or without lateral cusps. The two last gill-openings close together. Indian and Australian Seas. 1091. ClIILOSCYLLIUM OCELLATUM, L. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIII., p. 410.— Muller & Henle, p. 16.— Dam. Elasmobr., p. 326. The lower labial fold is not continued across the symphysis. The first gill-opening narrower than the second, scarcely wider than the orbit. Mouth much nearer to the end of the snout than to the eye. Body with scattered round black spots ; a large black white edged ocellus above the pectoral fin. Cape York, Port Darwin, Torres Straits. Length from two to three feet. 1092. Chiloscyllium trispeculare, Bicharcls. Toy. Erebus & Terror, p. 43, pi. 28.— Gunth., Cat Fishes VIIL, p. 411. The lower labial fold is not continued across the symphysis. The first gill-opening is as wide as the second and distinctly wider than the orbit. Mouth much nearer to the end of the snout than to the eye. Head and body covered with small brown spots, which on the hinder part of the trunk are arranged in small rings ; some indistinct dark bands across the back ; a large black white edged ocellus with one or two smaller ocelli behind it, above the pectoral fin. North-west Australia. (Eichardson.) Length twenty -two inches. 1093. Chiloscyllium modestum, Gunth. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1871, p. 654, pi. 54. The lower labial fold is not continued across the symphysis. Mouth at the lower surface of the snout, at some distance from 364 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, its extremity, but nearer to the latter than to the eye. Dorsal fins sub-equal in size, with the angles not produced, close together, the distance between them being somewhat more than one-half of the length of the base of the first. Origin of the first dorsal above the middle of the base of the ventrals. Uniform brown, darker on the back than on the sides. Queensland. (Gunth.) Length twenty and a half inches. 1094. Chiloscyllium furvum, n. sp, Lower labial fold divided at the symphysis. Nasal cirrus rather long, close to the snout and distant from the mouth. Upper lip more than half as long as wide. Snout rounded and somewhat depressed. The spiracle behind and beneath the eye, very large, nearly round and surrounded by a distinct fold. The eyes are small and oblong. The gills are narrow, the last much wider than the others, but very little closer to the fourth than the preceding one. Pectoral fins rounded behind. The two dorsal fins are of about equal size, very nearly the length of their base apart, and truncate posteriorly. The skin is very finely shagreened and glossy, of a reddish-brown above and on the sides, with indistinct darker cross bars, and scattered small yellowish or whitish spots ; beneath the colour is yellowish ; there is a distinct fold along each side of the back to the tail. Port Jackson. Length from two to three feet. Genus Crossorhinus, Muller & Henle. Two dorsal fins, without spines, — the first behind the ventrals, the second in advance of the anal, which is very close to the caudal. Tail rather short. Eye small. Spiracle in a wide oblique slit, behind and below the eye. Nasal and buccal cavities confluent. Head broad, flat, with the snout vory obtuse ; mouth wide, nearly anterior. A free nasal cirrus ; sides of the head with skinny appendages. Upper and lower lips well developed. Anterior teeth rather largo, long, and slender, BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 365 ■without lateral lobes ; the lateral teeth tricuspid, smaller, forming a few series only. The fourth and fifth gill-openings close together. Australia, Japan. 1095. Ckossoehinus barbatus, L. Muller & Henle, p. 21, pi. 5.— Gunth., Cat. Fishes, VIII., p. 414. About seven skinny simple or partly bifid lobes on each side of the head, five of which are near the angle of the mouth. Very minute barbels across the chin are sometimes absent. Distance between the two dorsal fins equal to the length of the base of the first. Upper parts brown, marbled with grey ; a whitish spot behind the spiracle. Port Jackson, (the " Wobbigong of the natives,) Tasmania, South Australia, &c. Length five to seven feet. 1096. Ckossoehinus tentaculatus, Peters. Gunth., Cat. Pishes VIII., p. 414. A single flat tentacle at the angle of the mouth, another on the side of the throat. Chin without barbels. Distance between the two dorsal fins much less than the length of the base of either. Back with very broad brown cross-bands, the posterior encircling the tail entirely. A white spot behind the spiracle. Cape York. Family V. CESTEACIONTIDiE. Characters of the single genus. Genus Heterodontus, Blainv. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. III., p. 309. The Pacific Ocean. 366 DESCBIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, 1097. Heterodoxtus Piiillipii, Lacep. Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S. Wales, Vol. III., p. 309-313, pi. 22, 23, 24. Port Jackson, Port Phillip. 1098. Heterodontus galeatus, Gunth. Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S. Wales, Vol. III., p. 313, pi. 25. Port Jackson. Family VI. SPINACIDiE. Two dorsal fins ; no anal fin. Mouth but slightly arched ; a long, deep, straight, oblique groove on each side of the mouth. Spiracles present; gill-openings narrow. Pectoral fins not notched at their origin. Genus Acanthias, Muller & Henle. IVo dorsal fins, each with a spine ; no anal fin. Mouth but slightly arched ; a long, deep, straight, oblique groove on each side of the mouth ; no labial fold along the margin of the mouth. Teeth equal in both jaws, rather small, their point so much turned aside that the inner margin of the tooth forms the cutting edge. No nictitating membrane. Spiracle rather wide, im- mediately behind the eye. Gill-openings narrow. Temperate Seas. 1099. Acanthias vulgaris, Eisso. Mull. & Henle, p. 83'.— Dum., Elasmobr., p. 437.— Gunth., Cat. Pishes VIIL, p. 418. Origin of the dorsal fin opposite to or behind the inner posterior angle of the pectoral. Dorsal spines without groove. Snout produced. Colour bluish-grey, with white spots in young specimens. New Ilolland (Gunther). BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 367 1100. ACAXTHIAS BlAINVILLEI, KisSO. Mull. & Henle, p. 84.— Dum., Elastnobr., p. 438.— Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIII., p. 419. Eesernbling^L vulgaris, but with the first dorsalfin conspicuously in advance of the inner posterior angle of the pectoral. New Holland (Gunther). 1101. ACANTHIAS MEGALOPS, 11. Sp. Head flat ; snout long, tapering and rounded in front, the distance from the mouth to the snout about equal to the width of the mouth, which is moderately crescent-formed and has a straight oblique groove at the angle. The nostrils are near the snout, and twice the distance from the mouth. The orbital cavity is of great length, about equal to its distance from the point of the snout, and its height is less than half its length ; close to and above the posterior corner of the eye is a rather large oblique spiracle. The first dorsal fin is placed in advance of the vertical from the posterior angle of the pectoral ; the ventrals are placed opposite the middle of the space between the two dorsals. A very conspicuous keel runs along each side of the tail immediately below the median lateral line. Colour uniform greyish-brown. I Port Jackson. Length two feet. Genus Isistius, Gill. Two very small dorsal fins, without spine, the first nearly opposite to the ventrals ; no anal fin. Skin uniformly granular. Mouth transverse ; a deep straight groove at each angle of the mouth, the fold which covers it runs round the whole margin of the upper jaw ; an upper and lower free lip besides. Nostrils nearly in front of the snout. Upper teeth small, narrow, lanceolate, the lower much larger, triangular, nearly erect, with 368 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, smooth edges. No nictitating membrane. Spiracles wide, on the side of the neck. Gill-openings, very narrow, in a groove. Tropical Seas. 1102. Isistius braziliensis, Quoy & Gairu. Mull. Henle, p. 92. — Duni., Elasmobr., p. 453. — Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIII., p. 429. Leiusferox, Kner, Denkschr., Ak. Wiss. Wien., pi. 4. fig. 2. Twenty-five teeth in the lower jaw. Scales minute, granular. The first dorsal fin immediately in front of the ventrals. Some- times a broad dark band across the chest. Australia (Kner). Family VII. EHINIDiE. Characters of the single genus. Genus Ehina, Klein. Body depressed, fiat. Mouth anterior. Pectoral fins large, expanded in the plane of the body, with the basal portion pro- longed forwards, but not grown to the head. Gill-openings rather wide, lateral, partly covered by the base of the pectoral. Spiracles wide, behind the eyes. Nostrils with skinny flaps, on the margin of the snout. Teeth conical, pointed, distant. Dorsal fins on the tail, without spines ; no anal fin. Males with small prehensile appendages. Temperate and Tropical Seas. 1103. KlILNA SQUATINA, L. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIII., p. 430. (Many synonyms). " The Angel Shark" of Fishermen. This is the only species of the genus. It nearly approaches the Eays. The colour is uniform dark brown. Length from two to four feet. Coasts of Australia, Port Jackson. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 369 Family VIII.— PKISTIOPHOKIDiE. The rostral cartilage is produced into an exceedingly long flat lamina, armed along each edge with a series of teeth like a saw. Genus Pristiophorus, Mull. & Henle. Body rather depressed and elongate. Pectoral fins with the front margin quite free, distant from the head. Gill-openings lateral, in front of the pectoral fin, of moderate width. Spiracles wide, behind the eye. No nictitating membrane. Nostrils inferior ; a pair of long tentacles at the lower side of the rostral lamina. Teeth small, with a conical cusp on a broad base, arranged in several series. Dorsal fins without spine, the first in front of the ventrals ; no anal fin. Upper caudal lobe broader than the lower. Japan and Australia. 1104. Pristiophorus cirratus, Latham. Mull. & Henle, p. 98.— Lath. Trans. Linn. Soc, 1794, pi. 26, figs. 5 & 27. Gunth., Cat. Pishes VIII., p. 432. Teeth of the saw very unequal in length, there being from one to two smaller ones between the larger. Scales extremely minute, with a single keel, their point not projecting. Dorsal and pectoral fins entirely covered with scales. The distance between the tentacle and nostril equals that between the nostril and the third or fourth gill-opening. Forty-two sets of teeth in the upper jaw. Tasmania, South Australia, Port Jackson. 1105. Pristiophorus nudipinnis, Gunth. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VHP, p. 432. 370 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, Teeth of the saw very unequal in length. Scales minute, nearly smooth, with traces of two or three keels at the base. The greater portion of the dorsal fins and of the upper side of the pectorals, naked. The distance between the tentacle and the nostril is considerably less than that between the nostril and the first gill-opening. From thirty-five to thirty-nine sets of teeth in the upper jaw. Tasmania, South Australia. Sub-Order II. BATOIDEL Gill-openings ventral. Body depressed. Tail generally long. Spiracles always present. Five pairs of gill-openings. No anal fin. Lor sal fin, if present, on the tail. — Rays. Family I. PRISTIDiE. The snout is produced into an exceedingly flat lamina, armed with a series of strong teeth along each edge. Genus Pristis, Latham. Body depressed and elongate. Pectoral fins with the front margin quite free, not extending to the head. Grill-openings inferior, inwards of the base of the pectoral fin, of moderate width. Spiracles wide, behind the eye. No nictitating mem- brane. Nostrils inferior ; no tentacles. Teeth minute, obtuse. Dorsal fins without spine, the first opposite or close to the base of the ventrals. Tropical and Sub-tropical Seas. 1106. Pristis zysron, Bleek. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIIL, p. 438. Origin of the dorsal fin above the middle of the root of the vontrals. From twenty-six to thirty-two pairs of rostral teeth ; the anterior placed close together, the distance between them not boing more than twice the base of a tooth. The three hindmost BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S 371 teeth are thrice as remote from one another as the anterior. The second dorsal fin is not smaller than the first, and its posterior lobe extends nearly to the root of the caudal. No lower caudal lobe. Moreton Bay. One specimen over sixteen feet in length. Family II. EHINOBATIDiE. Tail strong and long, with two well developed dorsal fins ; a caudal and a longitudinal fold on each side. Disk not exceedingly dilated, the rayed portion of the pectoral fin not being continued to the snout. No electric organ. Genus Rhixobatus, Mull. & Henle. Body depressed, gradually passing into the tail. Cranial cartilage produced into a long rostral proces, the space between the process and pectoral fin being filled by a membrane. Spiracles wide, behind the eye. Nostrils oblique, wide ; anterior nasal valves not confluent. Teeth obtuse with an indistinct transverse ridge. Dorsal fins without spine, both at a great distance behind the ventral fins. Caudal fin without lower lobe. Troincal and Sub-tropical Seas. 1107. Bhixobatus granulatus, Cuv. Mull. & Henle, p. 117, pi. 38.— Dum. Elasraobr., p. 493.— Gunth., Cat. VIIL, p. 443. Anterior nasal valve not dilated laterally. Snout produced, the distance between the outer angles of the nostrils being contained about once and two-thirds in that between the mouth and the end of the snout. Mouth straight. Back covered with very distinct rough tubercles, and with a series of large com- pressed spines along the median line. Some distinct spinous tubercles on the orbital margin and on the shoulder. The two rostral ridges are narrow, and united nearly from the base. Colour greyish with a few faint distant whitish spots. Port Jackson, Cape York. 372 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, 1108. Ehinobatus Banksii, Mull. & Henle. Mull. & Henle, p. 123 & 192.— Dum. Elasmobr., p. 490.— Gunth., Cat. VIII., p. 446. The anterior nasal valve is continued towards the median line by a short fold, which, however, is far from reaching those of the other side. The distance between the inner angles of the nostrils is more than the length of a nostril. Snout produced. Mouth arched ; the median tooth of the lower jaw larger and more prominent than the lateral. A series of small tubercles along the middle of the back, and two short rows on each shoulder. Australia (Gunther). 1109. Ehinobatus TnouiNi, Mull. & Henle. Mull. & Henle, p. 120.— Dum. Elasmobr., p. 500, pi. 10.— Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIII., p. 442. Anterior nasal valve not dilated laterally. Nostril very long, its length being more than the space between the inner angles of the nostrils. Snout terminating in a long narrow cartila- ginous appendage. Mouth straight. Skin coarsely granular. A series of compressed spines along the median line of the back ; similar spines on the orbital margin and shoulder. Eostral ridges confluent, narrow. Colour entirely light chamois-grey. West Australia (Castelnau). 1110. Ehinobatus Dumerilii, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc. Victoria, Vol. II., p. 148. Snout very obtuse, rounded, broad, with semicircular outline. The distance to the outer angles of the nostrils is three-fourths of that between the mouth and the end of the snout ; no spines on the eyes or shoulders ; a median line of strong, compressed, arched spines, placed far apart. The rostral ridges are arched inwardly, and on their anterior part aro only separated by a BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 373 narrow groove. The dorsal fins are equal to the length of the interocular space ; the dorsal tubercles between the fins are feeble ; they are not visible at all behind the second dorsal. The upper surface is rough and covered with small tubercles. The colour is light brown above, yellowish- white beneath. "West Australia. Length fourteen inches. Genus Teygonoehixa, Mull. & Henle. Differs from Rhinohatus only in having the anterior nasal valves broad, and confluent into a broad, quadrangular flap with a free margin overhanging the mouth. Australia. 1111. Trygonoriiina fasctata, Mull. & Henle. Mull. & Henle, p. 124, pi. 43.— Dum. Elasmobr., p. 502.— Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIII., p. 400. " The Fiddler" of the Sydney Fishermen. Snout rather short, the distance between its extremity and the mouth being not much more than the distance between the outer angles of the nostrils. A series of obtuse distant tubercles along the median line of the back ; some similar tubercles above the eye and on the shoulder. Colour pale reddish-brown, with numerous wavy irregular light coloured fasciee, edged with dark brown. Tasmania, Victoria, South Australia, New South Wales. Family III. TOKPEDINID2E. The trunk is a broad smooth disk ; tail with rayed dorsal and caudal fins and a longitudinal fold along each side. Anterior nasal valves confluent into a quadrangular lobe. An electric organ composed of vertical hexagonal tubes between the pectoral fins and the head. tJ74 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, Genus Narcine, Henle. Tail distinct from and longer than the sub-circular disk, with a fold on each side. Body entirely naked. Two dorsal fins on the tail, without spine ; caudal fin well developed ; ventral fins separate. Nasal valves confluent into a quadrangular valve. Teeth almost flat, sometimes with a median point, which however does not project. Spiracles immediately behind the eye. An electric apparatus between the head and the pectoral fins. Tropical and Sub-tropical Seas. 1112. Narctne tasmaniexsis, Eichards. Trans. Zool. Soc. III., p. 178, pi. 11, fig. 2.— Guntli., Cat. Fishes VIIL, p. 452. Outline of the disk elliptical. Spiracle close behind the eye, without tubercles on the margin. The first dorsal fin not larger than the second. Hind-margin of the caudal fin obliquely rounded, passing into the lower margin. Colour brownish. Tasmania. Length up to six feet. Genus Hypnos, Dum. Tail extremely small and short like an appendage. Body entirely naked. Two dorsal fins on the tail, without spine, caudal fin well developed. Nostrils round, open, without valves. Teeth tri-cuspid, with very slender points. Spiracle immediately behind the eye. An electric apparatus on each side of the head. Australia. • 1113. Hypnos subnicrum, Dum. Eev.Zool. 1852, p. 279, pi. 12.— Gunth., Cat. Fishes, VIIL, p. 453. Eyes minute ; spiracles fringed. Upper parts black, with or without white spots. Port Jackson, West Australia. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 375 Family IV. EAJID^E. Disk broad, rhombic, generally with asperities or spines ; tail with a longitudinal fold on each side. The pectoral fins extend to the snout. No electric organ. No serrated caudal spine. Genus Eaja, Cuv. Tail very distinct from the disk, which is of a rhombic shape, with a fold on each side. Body generally rough or with spines, rarely entirely smooth. Two dorsal fins on the tail, without spine. Tail with a rudimentary caudal fin or without fin. Each ventral fin divided into two by a deep notch. Nasal valves separated in the middle, where they are without a free margin. Teeth obtuse or pointed. Eectoral fins not extending forward to the extremity of the snout. Sexes differing in the form of the teeth and in the dermal spines. All Seas. 1114. Raja Lampmbei, Eichards. Voy. Erebus and Terror, p. 43, pi. 23. — Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIII., p. 463. " Thorn Bach " of the Melbourne fishermen. Snout short and somewhat obtuse. The space between the eyes is equal to the diameter of the eye. Teeth pointed. Outer angle of pectoral fin rounded. The width of the body equals the distance from the snout to the posterior base of the ventrals. Spines on the superciliary edge, on the mesial line between the head and the humeral cartilage, and a row beginning at the pelvis runs down the middle of the tail, directed alternately to right and left. There are also a few scattered spines, but these like all the other spines vary considerably in size. Colour greyish- brown, tip of the snout black. Tasmania, Fort Phillip. 376 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, 1115. Raja ro strata, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. II., p. 57. The snout long ; body entirely covered with asperities, which are more considerable on the snout, where they form small triangular points ; on the lower surface of this part of the edges, up to the height of the eyes these points are considerable and crowded. Anterior profile deeply concave ; the angle of the pectorals is rather pointed ; there are no spines round the eyes, but a series of three or four is seen on each side of the back and ends before the insertion of the ventrals ; the tail is armed with three series of strong tubular spines, and one or two are seen on the middle of the back behind the head. Colour greyish-purple with the sides reddish ; body generally covered with white spots. Port Phillip. (Attains the weight of 60 lbs.) Count Castelnau gave a description of this Pish in the Proc. Zool. Soc. Vict. Vol. I., p. 224, under the name of B. oxyrhynchus, Lin., and subsequently in the 2nd Volume points out his mistake. Family V. TRYGONIDiE. The pectoral fins are uninterruptedly continued to and confluent at the extremity of the snout. Tail long and slender, without lateral longitudinal folds ; vertical fins none, or imperfectly developed, often replaced by a strong serrated spine. Genus Urogymnus, Mull, & Henle. Tail long, very distinct from the sub-circnlar or elliptic disk, without fin or spine, sometimes with a narrow cutaneous fold below. Body densely covered with osseous tubercles. Pectoral fins united in front. Indian and Australian Seas. 1116. Urogymnus asperrimus, El. Dumeril. Elasmobr., p. 580.— Gunth., Cat. Fishes, VIII., p. 472. BY "W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 377 The dorsal surface of the head and trunk and the tail are densely covered with, osseous tubercles, between which, larger erect conical thorns are scattered; the pectoral fins without the small tubercles, but with numerous large thorns each, standing on a circular base. Cape York. (Chevert Exp.) Genus Trygon, Mull. & Henle. Tail tapering, without any fin or with cutaneous folds not extending to its extremity, armed with, a long arrow-shaped spine, serrated on each side. Body smooth or with tubercles. Pectoral fins united in front. Nasal valves coalescent into a quadrangular flap. Teeth flattened. Temperate and Tropical Seas. 1117. Trygon uarnak, Eorsk. Mull. & Henle, p. 158.— Dum. Elasm., p. 585.— Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIII., p. 473. Tail without cutaneous fold, exceedingly long and slender, about thrice as long as the disk. Snout rather pointed, forming a distinct projection in the anterior profile, the margins meeting at an angle which is fully or less than a right angle. One or more large tubercles in the middle of the back ; young examples are smooth, but with progressing age the entire dorsal surface becomes covered with small tubercles. No large tubercles in the median line of the tail. Disk about as broad as long. Uniform brown, or with numerous dark brown spots ; tail of young specimens with brown and white rings. Port Darwin. 1118. Trygon tastinaca, Linn. Mull. & Henle. p. 161.— Dum. Elasm., p. 600.— Gunth., Cat. Pishes, VIII., p. 478. Y 378 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, " The Sting Ray." Tail with a distinct cutaneous fold below, and a slight ridge above, about one-half longer than the disk or less. The margins of the snout form an obtuse angle. Body smooth, sometimes a few small tubercles pointing backwards, in the median line of the scapulary region. Three appendages at the bottom of the mouth, behind the teeth. Coloration uniform, or sometimes with small round, scattered whitish, non-ocellated spots. Port Darwin, Port Jackson. 1119. Trygon tuberculata, Lacep. Dumeril. Elasmobr., p. 605. — Gunth., Cat. Pishes VIII., p. 480. Tail with a distinct fold below, a very low upper fold being as frequently absent as present. The tail is more than twice the length of the disk. Snout pointed and rather produced. A series of spinous tubercles, each pointing backwards at the tip. runs from the scapulary region to the caudal spine ; older individuals having the back of the head and trunk more or less covered with small tubercles. Minute tubercles on the tail. Three papillae at the bottom of the mouth behind the teeth. Dental lamina) much undulated. Coloration uniform, almost black. Length of disk two feet. Port Jackson. Genus Urolopiius, Mull. & Henle. Tail of moderate length with a distinct rayed terminal fin, armed with a serrated spine, without or with a rudimentary dorsal fin. Pectoral fins united in front. Mouth and teeth as in Trygon. Australia and West Indies. 1120. Urolophus cruciatus, Lacep. Dumeril, Elasmobr., p. 626.— Gunth., Cat. Pishes, VIII., p. 485. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 379 Urolophus epliippiutus, Richards., Voy. Ereb. and Terr., 35, pi. 24. Disk rather broader than long, the anterior margins being straight and meeting at an obtuse angle ; snout not projecting. Skin entirely smooth. Tail shorter than the disk. Yellowish, uniform or with one or three blackish longitudinal bands, crossed by others of the same colour. Port Arthur. 1121. Urolophus testaceus, Mull. & Henle. Mull. & Henle, p. 174, pi. 56.— Gunth., Cat. Eishes, VIII., p. 486. Syn. U. Mulleri, Herilei, and australis, of Steiudachner. Disk rather broader than long, the anterior margins meeting at a very obtuse angle; snout not projecting. Skin entirely smooth. Tail shorter than the disk in adults, rather longer in young specimens. Nasal valve fringed ; six short papilla) at the bottom of the mouth. Coloration uniform. Cape Upstart, Port Jackson. Family VI. MYLIOBATIDiE. The disk is very broad in consequence of the great development of the pectoral fins, which, however, leave the sides of the head free, and re-appear at the extremity of the snout as a pair of detached (cephalic) fins. Genus Myliobatis, Cuv. Head free from the disk ; snout with a soft appendage in front, supported inferiorly by fin-rays. Nasal valves coalescent into a quadrangular flap. Teeth hexangular, large, flat, tesselated ; those in the middle much broader than long ; several narrower series on each side. Tail very long and thin, with a dorsal fin near its root ; generally a serrated spine behind the fin. Temperate and Tropical Seas. 380 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, 1122. Myliobatis aqttila, L. Mull. & Henle, p. 176.— Dum., Elasm , p. 634.— Gunth., Cat. Fishes, VIII., p. 489. Body entirely smooth. The skinny prolongation of the snout is obtuse, and but moderately produced. Median teeth of the upper jaw from four to six times as broad as long. The insertion of the dorsal fin is behind or opposite the extremity of the ventral fins. Orbit with scarcely a trace of a proj ection above. Coloration uniform. Port Jackson (Gunther). 1123. Myliobatis Nienhofii, Cuv. Mull. & Henle, p. 177.— Dum., Elasm., p. 638.— Gunth., Cat. Fishes, VIIL, p. 491. Body smooth. The fleshy protuberance at the snout very short and obtuse. Disk twice as broad as long. The origin of the dorsal fin nearly opposite to the end of the root of the ventrals. Orbit without horn. Young individuals with five blue cross- bands. No spots. Port Phillip (Castelnau). 1124. Myliobatis australis, n. sp. Body smooth. No fleshy protuberance on the snout. The disk from end to end of pectoral fins rather less than twice the length from the extremity of the snout, to the end of the base of the ventrals. The dorsal fin inserted a little in front of the caudal spine, and behind the end of the ventral. Colour yellowish or yellowish-brown, with large blue blotches irregularly distri- buted over the dorsal surface. Port Jackson. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 381 Genus Aetobatis, Mull. & Henle. Form of the head, body and tail as in Myliobatis. The nasal flaps remain separate, each forming a long flap. The lower dental lamina projects beyond the upper. Teeth flat, broad, forming a single series, equivalent to the median series of Myliobatis, there being no small lateral teeth. Tropical Seas. 1125. Aetobatis narixari, Cuv. Mull. & Henle, p. 179.— Dum., Elasm. p. 641.— Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIII., p. 492. Body smooth. Dorsal fin situated between the ventrals. Disk generally with numerous round bluish white spots. The teeth of the lower jaw are sometimes angularly bent, sometimes nearly straight. Cape York. Genus Ceratoptera, Mull. & Henle. Head free from the pectoral fin, truncated in front, on each side with a horn-like appendage pointing forward or inward, which is a cephalic portion of the pectoral fin. Mouth anterior, wide. Teeth in the lower jaw only, very small. Tail very slender, with a dorsal fin between the ventrals and without spine. Tropical and Temperate Seas. 1126. Ceratoptera Alfredi, Krefft. This is the name affixed to a stuffed specimen of this genus of enormous size, in the Australian Museum. It was captured at Manly Beach in 1868, and was considered by Mr. Krefft a new and undescribed species, but unfortunately he never described it, and description is now impossible, so much painting and putty- ing and clipping have been practised in setting up the specimen. 382 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN 1TSIIES, Sub-Class in. CYCLOSTOMATA. Skeleton cartilaginous and notochordal, without ribs and without real jaws. Skull not separate from the vertebral column. Nbjimbs. Gill* in the form of fixed sacs without branchial arches, six or seven in number on each side. One nasal aperture only. Heart w it/tout bulbus arteriosus. Mouth anterior, surrounded by a circular or sub- circular lip, suctorial. Alimentary canal straight, simple, without ccecal appendages, pancreas, or spleen. Generative outlet peritoneal. Vertical fins raged. Family PETKOMYZOXTIDJE. Body eel shaped, naked. Subject to a metamorphosis. In tlio perfect stage with a suctorial mouth armed with teeth simple or multicuspid, horny, sitting on a soft papilla. Maxillary, mandibulary, lingual, and suctorial teeth may be distinguished. Eyes present (in mature animals). External nasal aperture in the middle of the upper side of the head. The nasal duct terminates without perforating the palate. Seven branchial sacs and apertures on each side behind the head. The inner branchial ducts terminate in a separate common tube. Intestine with a spiral valve. Eggs small. The larvse without teeth and with a single continuous vertical fin. "Lampreys." Genus Mokdacia, Gray. Dorsal fins two, the posterior continuous with the caudal. The maxillary dentition consists of two triangular groups, each with three conical acute cusps; two pairs of serrated lingual teeth. Chili and Australia. 1127. Mobdacia moedax, Eichards. Yoy. Erebus and Terror, pi. 28. — Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIII. , p. 507. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 383 Mandibulary lamina crescent-shaped, with about nine acute conical cusps, three of which are larger than the others. Suctorial teeth in somewhat distant series, radiating from the centre ; the teeth of the series between the mandible and the posterior lip being as numerous as those of the other series, but rather more confluent. The anterior labial teeth converge and are confluent behind ; each tooth of the posterior pair is like one-half of an elongate oval. Suctorial disk elliptic, with a free lip behind. The first dorsal at a considerable distance from the second. Body immaculate. Tasmania, Port Phillip. Genus Neomordacia, Casteln. Differs from Mordacia in having only one dorsal fin, separate and rather distant from the caudal fin. Australia. 1128. Neomordacia Howittii, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. I., p. 232. " Height of body about nineteen times in the total length ; the length of the snout, up to the external edge of the eye, a little longer than the height of the body. The head is not inflated, and follows on to the snout by an arched line, and on the body by a straight one ; the dentition is very difficult to be distinctly seen with the weak magnifying power I possess, but I observe a row of strong conical and pointed teeth placed round the mouth and -wide apart; a few teeth on each side larger than the others and inserted forwards ; there are a few others further back, and a few are tri-cuspid. There are a few fringes round the mouth ; the branchiostegal apertures are seven, they are round and begin at a short distance from the eye, which is large. The first half of the body and the head are like reticulated, and covered with irregular excavations ; the middle 384 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FISHES, of the body is smooth, but the posterior portion is again similar to the anterior. It is of a dark blue on the upper parts and silvery below; the caudal fin is red and the eye yellow; the muzzle black." (Castelnau). Cape Schank. Length three inches. Genus Geotria, Gray. Dorsal fins two, the posterior separate from the caudal fin. Maxillary lamina with four sharp flat lobes ; a pair of long pointed lingual teeth (like the horns of a young Antelope). Chili and Australia. 1129. Geotria australis, Gray. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1851, p. 238.— Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIII., p. 508. Skin on the throat very lax, forming a large pouch. The maxillary lamina is thin, crescent-shaped, with four sharp teeth, the middle pair of which are only half as broad as the outer. Mandibulary lamina very low, slightly sinuous. Suctorial teeth in numerous series, rather distant from one another, unicuspid ; only those nearest to the mouth somewhat larger, the others small. Only one transverse scries of very small teeth between the mandibulary lamina and the posterior lip, which is beset with numerous broad leaf-like fringes, as in the remainder of the margins of the disk. Suctorial disk sub-triangular, with the lateral lobes very broad. First and second dorsal fins rather widely separated. Coloration uniform. South Australia. Length twenty inches. 1130. Geotria chilensis, Gray. Gunth., Cat. Fishes, YIIL, p. 509. Skin on the throat not dilated. The outer lobes of the maxillary dental lamina are broad with a sharp convex edge, the inner narrow and pointed. Mandibulary lamina crescent-shaped with BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 385 numerous obtuse points. Suctorial teeth in numerous series, so close together that the teeth have the appearance of imbricate scales. A series of larger, broad, scale-like teeth round the mandibulary lamina. Suctorial disk not dilated, circular. First and second dorsal fins widely separate. Side and abdomen silvery ; back greenish. Swan River. Length twenty-one inches. 1131. Geotria Allportt, Gunth. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1871, p. 675, pi. 70. Entirely black ; skin with numerous transverse folds. Gular pouch large. The two middle teeth of the maxillary lamina are small, pointed, many times smaller than and entirely disconnected from the lateral, which are of atriangular shape and finely serrated on the inner margin. Mandibulary lamina very low, denticulated. Suctorial teeth in numerous series, rather distant from one another, unicuspid ; only those nearest to the mouth somewhat larger, the others small. Form of the suctorial disk as in G. amtralis. Distance between the two dorsal fins, less than the length of the first. Length thirteen inches. Tasmania (fresh water). A curious Fish, probably an Aiiunoccetes — the name given to the larval form of Fishes of this family — has been described by Count Castelnau from the Yarra River, Melbourne. I quote the Count's description in full. 1132. Yarra singularis, Casteln. Proc. Zool. Soc, Victoria, Vol. I., p. 231, " The body is eel-shaped, naked, cylindrical, and elongate, being twenty-three times as long as high. It is entirely divided into annular rings, which appearance seems to be due to the muscular flakes being very visible through the smooth skin. I can see no teeth, the upper lip is fiat, and considerably prolonged 386 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OP AUSTRALIAN FISIIES, over the buccal aperture ; it is truncated in front, and this part seen upperly, is rather bi-furcated. The lateral line is well marked in all the length of the body ; there is only one dorsal, which begins at about two-thirds of the length of the body, and is joined with the caudal and anal fins ; the latter is considerably shorter than the dorsal. No eye visible. The skin of the throat is rather extensible ; the prolongation of the upper lip over the lower is equal to the height of the body. The tail is pointed. The colour is of a light green with the belly white, on the back extends a narrow longitudinal line ; the head and throat are pink, and the fins of the same colour/' Yarra Eiver (brackish water). Length four and three-eighth inches. Sup-Class IV. LEPTOCARDII. Skeleton membrano-cwrtilaginom and notoclwrdal, ribless. JYo brain. Pulsating sinuses in place of the Mart. Blood colourless. Respiratory cavity confluent with the abdominal cavity; branchial clefts in great ■number, the water being expelled by an opening in front of the vent. Jaws none. Family CIEEOSTOMI, Owen. Characters of the single genus. Genus Branciiiostoma, Costa. Body elongate, compressed, scaleless, limbless. Mouth a longitudinal fissure, with sub-rigid cirri on each side, inferior. Vent at a short distance from the extremity of the tail. A low rayless fin-like fold runs along the back, round the tail, past the vent to the respiratory aperture. Eye rudimentary. Liver reduced to a blind sac of the simple intestine. Coasts uf temporate regiuns, imbedded in sand. BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 387 1133. BrANCHIOSTOMA LANCEOLATUM, Pall. Gunth., Cat. Fishes VIII., p. 513.— (Many synonyms.) " The Amphioxus " and " The Lancelet" Transparent, slightly iridescent. Dredged in Bass' Straits (H.M.S. Herald) and since in many parts of the coasts of New South Wales and Queensland. Length three inches. On Menke's Australian Shells. By Ealpii Tate, Assoc. Linn. Soc, F.G-.S. ; Cor. Mem. Acad. Sc. Philadelphia, Eoy. Soc. Tasmania, &c, Professor in the University of Adelaide. Introductory Citation. "Menke's " Molluscorum Novae Hollandiae " is a very rare work ; I have never seen but two copies in Australia. There are none in any of our public libraries.* It would be a very small expense ; but a great boon, to reprint it."— Eev. J. E. Tenison- Woods, Eoy. Soc. N.S.W., Sept. 1878. And again " How difficult it would be to obtain Menke's Latin pamphlet on the Mollusca of New Holland." — The same, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., Vol. IV., p. 479, 1880. The above quoted work, which was published in 1843, is an octavo of forty-six pages ; it contains a catalogue of two hundred and sixty-three species of Australian, land, fresh-water, and marine shells, the major part of which was collected in Western Australia by Dr. J. A. L. Preiss, during the years 1838 to 1842. * A copy has since been added to the Library of the University of Adelaide, and the Library of the Linnean Society. Mr. Brazier of Sydney has had a copy in his Library uiauy years. 388 ON MENKB'S AUSTRALIAN' shells, Taking example from the Eev. J. E. Tenison-Woods in his reproduction of the descriptions of Gould's Australian Shells, Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S.W., Vol. II., p. 250, 1877.) and acting on his suggestion implied in the above introductory citation, I offer in the following pages a reprint of Menke's diagnoses of the sixty marine shells, which bear his name. The land forms described by Menke have already been dealt with by Dr. Cox in his "Monograph of the Australian Land Shells." Menke's species have, for the most part, been overlooked by monographers, especially does Reeve seem to have been unaccpaainted Avith them ; and it is, therefore, the more desirable, that the original diagnoses of them should be readily accessible to Australian conchologists. The following are the only species stated to have been collected on the eastern coast of Australia, and of these, excepting the last two, no reference is made to them by any other writer on Australian Shells, at least so far as I am aware : — Neritina Listen', Pfr. (probably an erroneous identification), Pltasianella Lehmanni, Mke., P. Preissii, Mke., P. perdix, Gray, P. rubens, Lam., P. brevis, Mke., Crassatella Kingicoh, Lam., and Pectunculus radians, Lam. The fauna made known by the researches of Dr. Menke is essentially Indian, and shows conclusively that the tropical forms of molluscan life prevail as far south as Swan River. It contrasts very strongly with that of King George's Sound, as made known by Quoy and Gaimard, which possesses a truly Australian facies, such as characterizes the whole length of the southern shore of the Continent and around Tasmania. Cassidula euqata, No. 15, p. 7. Testa ovato-elliptica, solida, transversum striata, anfract ibus septem ; ultimo supra longitudinaliter plicalo-rugoso, ccesio, infra spiraaue brevi BY RALPH TATE, F.G.S , ETC. 389 prunina ; labri margine externo incrassato, supra albo limbato, infra dentibusque tribus columellaribus aurantio. Long. 15, lat. 8 lines. Hah. E. Victoria, on the north-west. [Is described under the above name by Pfeiffer in his Mono- graph of the Auriculidce, Brit. Mus. Cat.] Paludina granum, No. 19, p. 8. Testa globoso-conoidea, perforata, Icevi, alii da ; anfractibus quinque convext's, rotimdatis ; ultimo ventricoso, concolore vel fasciis duabus rufis cincto ; spira brevi, sutura profunda ; apertures subrotundce fauce fulva. Long. 1/3, lat. 1 line. Sab. In white quartz sand on the banks of Swan Eiver. [One of the specimens examined by Menke had adherent to it a minute slender serpulid, for which reason he believed it to have lived in salt water. It occurs frequently as a beach Shell at King George's Sound, Great Bight, Spencer and St. Vincent's Gulf ; and lives in the tidal portions of some of the South Australian Eivers, but more especially on the mud flats of sheltered bays. I have not examined the animal, but its operculum is thin, horny, and paucispiral. Frauenf eld quotes it as Amnecola granum, and Tenison-Woods has described it as Assiminea Tasmanica from Sorrel, and as Rissoa Siennae, from north coast of of Tasmania.] Melania lirata, No. 21, p. 9. Testa oblongo-turrita, flavo-virente, ftammulis longitudhmlibus interrupt is fuscis pict a ; anfractibus septem (aut pluribus) ; ultimo liris exiguis plurimis cincto, spirce exsertce oblique plicatis ; plicis medio tuber culiferis ; apertura ovato-elliptica. Long. 8*5, lat. ventr. 3-5 lines. Sab. Brackish water Eiver Avon, West Australia. 390 ON MENKE's AUSTRALIAN SHELLS, LlTTORINA HUGOSA, No. 23, p. 9. L. testa globoso-conoidea, solida, sordide albida, transvcrsim sulcato- striata ; anfractibus quinque ad sex : ultimo rrntricoso, rotmdato ■infra, spiv® brevis acuta: totis plicato-rugosis ; apertures ovata fauce rufa. Long. 9, lat. 6-5, alt 5-5 liu. Sab. On limestone rocks, Arthur's Head, at the entrance to Swan Kiver. Similar to, but distinct from L. irrorata, Menke. LlTTORINA ACUTA, No. 24, p. 9. L. testa ovato-conoidea, solida, albida, nitida, transversim tenuiter striata; anfractibus septem : ultimo infra medium subangulato, supra unguium, spires mediocris acuta? inferius zona coerulescente cinctis ; apertures ovatce fauce brunnea, anterius in labro fascia alba. Louo-. 8'5, lat. 5-5, alt. -5 lin. Hab. Calcareous rocks, Western Coast. Allied by habit and size to L. obesa, Sowerby. [This seems to be the widely dispersed L. mauritiana, Lamarck ( Phasianella) .~\ Natica sagittata, No. 30, p. 10. N. testa subglobosa, laevi, nitida, caesia, lincis longiludinalibus densi jlexuosis, ad basin et infra suturam macularum subrotuudarum serie in medio ultimi anfractus macularum sagittatarum acuminibus suis dextrorsum spectantium rufarum seriebus tribus picta ; spira brevi • umbilico calli columellari albo simplici angustato, canaliculato. Lone. 4-8 ; lat. 4, alt. 3-5 lin. Hab. Western Coast. Similar in habit and size to N. marochiensis, Lamarck; but differs in coloration and in the form of the umbilicus. [I refer the South Australian X. marochiensis to Menke's species."1 BY RALPH TATE, E.G.S., ETC. 391 Natica sertata, No. 31, p. 10. JY. testa ovato-semiglobosa, transversa, solida, laevi, albida ; anfrac- tibus quinque infra suturam longitudinaliter sulcato-crenatis : ultimo macularwm ramosarum fusearum duplici scrie ornato ; spira bevi ; umbilico %tt in praccedente. Long. 7, lat. 5-3, alt. 4*3 lin. Hub. Western Coast. Has some resemblance to N. costata, Menke. [Apparently this species occurs fossilised in the pleistocene marine beds at Port Adelaide.] Phasianella Lehman]sti, No. 41, p. 12. Ph. testa ovato-conica, solidiuscula, laevigata, flammis lineolis-que interruptis fusco-carneis v el rose is undulatis longitudinalibus lineisque alb is continuis confertis transvcrsis deeussata ; spirce products acutce, anfractibus convexiusculis. Long. 2 inches 3 lines, lat. 1 inch. Hub. Eastern Coast, rare. [Doubtlessly one of the numerous varieties of Ph. bulimoides.~\ PflASLAN-ELLA. PrEISSII, No. 42, p. 12. Ph. testa ovato-conica, solidiuscula, Icevigata, ex aurantio etfulvo tincta, lineis ex nigro articulatis sparsis cincta ; spires products acutce ; anfractibus convexius culis. Long. 2 inches, lat. 1 1 lines. Hab. Eastern Coast. [Doubtlessly another variety of P. bulimoicles ] Phaslaxella brevis, p. 12, No. 45. Ph. testa subgloboso-ovata, solidiuscula, laevigata, ruf a, flammis angulatis laceris pallidis longitudinalibus lineis-que transversis articulatis decussata ; anfractu ultimo turgklo ; spiroz brevis conoidece, anfractibus convexis. Long. 9, lat. 6 lines. Sab. Eastern Coast. [Apparently a small form of P. ventricosa.~\ 392 ox mexke's attstraliax shells, Turbo Lehmaxxi, No. 48, p. 13. T. testa orbiculato-convexa, oblique conoidea, umbilicata, tenui, opice margaritacea, basi maculis coccineis tessellata striata, super ius triata ; anfractibus quinque : ultimo bicarinato, spine unicarinatis, superius maculis radiant ibus nigr is, aurantiis et albis alternant ibus, infra carinam superiorem lineolis transversis interruptis, ad carinam inferam fascia maculari ex iisdem coloribus articulata cinctis. Operculum Jmic immersum tenue corneum. Long. 3'5, lat. 3, alt. 25 lines. Hab. On the shore, near Port Lechenault. Congeneric with Margarita pulchella, and M. multicolor. [This is the species to which Angas, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1865, p. 182, applies the name Qibbula Preissiana, Philippi.] MoXODOXTA MELAXOLOMA, No. 50, p. 14. AT. testa orbiculato-convexa, oblique conoidea, imperforata, solida, rudi, cinerea, basi et marginis labri acuti limbo intemo atris ; columellas cnllo subcanaliculato ; labro interim incrassato et porcato. Long. 10, lat. 9, alt. 6 5 lines. Hab. Western Coast. [This is apparently a Trocliocochlea, and is doubtlessly the same as T. chloropoda, mihi, which inhabits the Great Bight.] MOXODOXTA CRENULATA, No. 52, p. 14. If. testa orbiculato-conoidea, cana, maculis fuscis irrorata ; anfrac- tibus convexis, porcis subgeminatis confertis obsolete crenulatis cinctis ; umbilico aperto, inermi, spirali ; columella areuata, basi libera in denticulum producta ; labro intus suleato. Long. 8, lat. 7*5, alt. 5 -5 lines. Hab. Western Coast. [Possibly a species of Euchelus.~] BY RALriT TATE, F.G.S., ETC. 393 MOXODOXTA BACCATA, No. 51, p. 14. 31. testa orbiculato-conoidea, imperforata ; anfractibus turgidis, granulorum dense junctor urn ordinibus fin ultimo quindecim) cinctis, interstitiis longitudinal iter trabeculatis ; sutura canaliculata ; columella basi dente exiguo, fame margaritacea ; labro intus sulcato. Long, 5, lat. 4, alt. 3-5 lines. Sab. Western Coast. [This species is usually quoted as Euchelus baccatus, but it remains to be proved if it be distinct from Turbo canaliculatus, Lamarck.] Moxodoxta mxgexs, No. 53, p. 14. 31. testa oblique pgramidali, umbilicata, pallida, maculis rubris latescentibus radiata, basi et ad suturam marginata, granulorum ordinibus eincta ; columella recta, torta, dentibus ineequalibus retrorsis umbilicum angustante ; labro interne lirato ; liris propc marginem superum incrassatis. Long. 4, lat. 3-5, alt. 3-5 lines. Hub. "Western Coast. [A Clanculus.'] Moxodoxta maxillata, No. 55, p. 14. 31. testa orlicttlato-convexa, umbilicata, pallida, p>unctis rubro- fuscis articulata, vel nigra, Virata : liris spiroz nudis, anfractus ultitni granulis exilibus aequalibus obliquis distinctis ; umbilico exterius crenis, intus columella rectce tortce dentibus inaequalibus anqustato ; labri marqine interno tuberculis oblongis dentato. Long. 4-5, lat. 3-8, alt. 2-8 lines. Hab. Western Coast. [Apparently a Clanculus.'] Moxodoxta lupixa, No. 56, p. 15. 31. testa orbiculato-convexa , umbilicata, fusco-rufa, lirata : liris hascos nudis, anfractnum acqualiter granulosis ; sutura subcanali- Z 394 ox stexke's austhaliax shells. culata : umhih'co aperto exterius subcrenato : columella recta, basi in dent em product a ; labro intus dentibus linearibus munito. Long. 3-5, lat. 3, alt. 2 lines. Rab. "Western Coast. [A Clanculus.~] Moxodoxta tubbha, No. 57, p. 15. M. testa oblique conica, imperforate, solida, palhde carnea ; anfractibus convexiusculis, I iris subgranulosis nigro-articulatis cinctis ; columella obsolete tuberculato-crenatcc basi truncata sinu a labro intus lirato disjuncta ; apertura patula, sabquadrangulari. Long. 9, lat. 5 lines. Sab. Western Coast. [This is probably TJialotia conica, Gray, which I have received from King George's Sound. MOXODOXTA APICEsA. No. 58, p. 15. M. testa ovato-fusiformi, subturrita. venfriculosa, imperforate, Icevigata, nitida, fulva. lineis jlexuosis olliquis anterius confertis- simis picta, sub epidermide aureo-margaritacea ; anfractibus inferius convexiusculis, superius subconstrictis : ultimo in medio subdepresso ; columella basi libera in plicam compressam desinente ; apertura patula, labro deliiscente intus Icevi. Long. 11, lat. 45 lines. Hab. "Western Coast. Allied to M. lineata, Lamarck [but a well defined species, which is quoted as Elenclius apicinv.s . MOXODOXTA TIEGATA, No. 59, p. 15. M. testa, ovato-elliptica, subturrita, subcurva, imperforata, laevigata nitida, pallida vel jlavo-virente, lineis longiludinalibus raris vel virgatis obliquis rubris varie picta; anfractibus medio convexius- culis ; ultimo in medio rotundato ; columella basi libera truncata BY EALPn TATE, F.G.S., ETC. 395 in plicam dentiformem desinente ; apertura patula ; labro intus Icevi. Long. 5-7, lat. 3 to 3-8 lines. Hab. Western Coast. [This is Elenchus irisodontes, Quoy & Gaimard (Trochus).~] Trociius prasinus, p. 16, No. 64. Tr. testa pyramidali, imperforata, ex olivaceo et prasino tincta, basi plana concsntrice sulcata ; anfractibus planiusculis ; inferiori- bus granulis oblong is longitudinaliter dispositis alutaceis, superioribus ad suturam inferam nodiferis ; labro juxta columellas basin retortam inciso. Diameter of base and height 1 inch 8 lines. Hab. Western Coast. Menke places this between T. cuerulescens, Lamk., and T. obliquus, Ghnelin. Trociius ciliaris, No. 66, p. 17. Tr. testa pyramidali, imperforata, fulva, maculis rujis suturas sequentibus variegala, transversim striata ; striis tenuissimis decus- sata, basi plana ; anfractibus planulatis, inferius marginatis, superius ciliato-fimbriatis ; apertura ovato-laneeolata ; labro intus callo marginato. Diam. of base 15, alt. 12 lines. Hab. North-western Coast. [A Ziziphinus.~] Trociius viridulus, No. 67, p. 17. Tr. testa oblique pyramidali, imperforata, flavo-virente ; basi convexiuscula ; anfractibus transversim sulcato-striatis, utringue marginatis ; sutura profunda ; apertura subquadrangulari ; labro intus Icevi. Diam. of base 3, alt. 3-5 lines. Hab. Western coast. [A Zizypliinus.~\ 396 on menke's Australian shells, Trochus chlorostomus, No. 68, p. 17. Tr. testa oblique pyramidali, imperforate, carnea,jlammis angulosis fuscis posterius albo marginatis radiata ; anfractibus planatis, transversim striatis, iuferius marginatis ; columella arcuata, obsolete crenata, basi sua sinu a labro sulcata disjuncta ; apertura patente subtetragona. Diam. of base 8, alt. 7*5 lines ; of a smaller form Diam. of base and height 5-5 lines. Hab. "Western Coast. [This elegantly sculptured and chastely coloured Zizy planus ranges eastward to St. Vincent's Gulf.] Trochus Preissii, No. 69, p. 17. Tr. testa ovato-conoidea, subrimata, nitida, vel viridi fusco virgata vel punctata, vel carnea jlammis fuscis radiata ; anfractibus piano convexis, costis latiusculis approxhnatis (in ultimo anfractu 8 ad 11) baseos convex^ ex nigro articulatis cinctis ; apertura patente sub- rotunda ; labro coccineo onarginato interim sulcato. Operculum Jiuic corneum tenue. Long. 7, lat. 4 lines. Hab. Western Coast. I The above description answers very well to the S. Australian Thalotia pulcherrima, Wood.] Trochus Lehmanni, No. 70, p. 18. Tr. testa ovato-conoidea, imperforata, cana, radii's vel jlammis olivaceis radiata ; anfractibus medio angulatis, porcis tenuibus con- fertissimis (in ultimo anfractu 18) baseos convexcv ex nigro alboque articulatis cinctis ; apertura patente subrotunda ; labro coccinea mar- ginato intus obsolete lirato. Long. 6'4, lat. 3-8 lines. Hab. Western Coast. [Perhaps a Thalotia.'] BY RALPH TATE, F.G.S , ETC. 397 Trochus impervius, No. 71, p. 18. Tr. testa orbiculato-convexa, oblique subconoidea, imperforata, temii, cinerea vel rubicla, Unci's ex albo articulatis confertis fasciaque macular I infra sutur am cincta ; columella piano depressa, bast subcanaliculata ; labro acuto interim sulcato. Diam of base 8 "3, alt. 6 lines. Sab. Western Coast ; and Cape of Good Hope. [Probably a Litoma.~] Trochus vitiligineus, No. 73, p. 18. Tr. testa orbiculato-convexa, oblique deprcsso-conoidea, tenui, sub- pellucida, albido cinereoquc nebulosa, lineis exfusco alboque articulatis confertis fasciaque maculari fusca infra sutur am et ad pervpheriam cincta, tcnuissime striata; anfractibus convexis medio angulatis, super ius planis ; ultimo ,basi convexo ; umbilico apcrto spirali ; labro acuto. Diam of base 5, alt. 3-3 lines. JETab. Western Coast. [It is quoted as Monilea vitiliginea, and extends around the South Coast to Port Jackson. Buccinum acuminatum, No. 87, p. 20. B. testa oblongo-fiisiformi, subulata, laevigata, basi striata, rufa, fascia infra sutur am maculari ex albo nigroque articulata ; apertura oblong a ; labro intus denticulato. Long. 8, lat. 2-5 lines. Hob. Western Coast. [The description applies to Columbclla McnJccana, Eeeve, a common South Australian Shell.] BUCCINUM FASCICULARE, No. 91, p. 21. B. testa fusiformi ovata, rentricosa, nitida, sub-pcllucida, tota tcnuissime, basi striis duabus tribusve distinctioribus transversis striata, alba, lineis exilibus dislantibus transversis aliisque fasciculatis longi- 398 on mexke's Australian shells, tudinalibus fmco-rufis picta; labrl intus laevis margins anterius denticulato. Long. 9, lat. 5-5 lines. Sab. Western Coast. Cassis paucirugis, No. 107, p. 23. C. testa ovata vel ovato-elliptica, laevigata s. polita, alba ; anfractu ultimo superius, spirae breve conicae nudae, anfractibus medio sub- angulatis, ad unguium nodosis; labri reflexi margins extenso sub- fascial, interna dentato lirato ; eolumellae basi vix rugosa. Var. A. Testa elliptico-ovata ; long. 2 inches 4 lines, lat. 1 inch 5 lines. Var. B. Testa ovata ; long. 1 inch 8 lines, lat. 1 inch 2 lines. Hub. Western Coast. [This is referred to the section Casmaria of the genus Semi- cassis."] COLUMBELLA 15IDENTATA, No. 108, p. 23. C. testa ovato-fusiformi s. biconica, laevi, nitida, alba, lineisflexuosis densis longitudinal ibus fuse is reticulata; anfractibus superius obsolete tuberculatis ; ultimo inferius striato ; labri margine interno dentato ; labio denticulato ; columella medio macula lilac ina tincta, inter ius bi- plicata. Long. 7, lat. 4 lines. Hab. Western Coast. Closely allied to C. coronata, Kiener, but differs in being more slender with the whorls hardly tuberculated, and in its peculiar coloration. TRiToxrmi tabulate, No. 119, p. 25. Tr. testa ovato-fusiformi, varicosa, fusco-rufa, porcata et cingulata: cingulis prominulis sulco divisis ; superioribus anfractus ultimi et medianis spirae mediocris contabulatai et longitudinaliter plicatae tuberculatis ; Cauda subadscendente perforata ; apcrtura alba ; columella laevi; labro intus obsolete dentato. Long. 16, lat. 9 lines. KY KALPH TATE, F.G.S., ETC. 399 Hab. Western Coast. This species is, in a manner, intermediate between T. cutaceum Linue, and T. pileare. [Has apparently much resemblance to the South Australian T. Waterhousei, Adams and Angas.] Tritonium rutilum, No. 120, p. 25. Tr. testa ovato-fusiformi, subturbinata, ventricosa, univaricosa, pallule fulvo, maculis fuscis longitudinaliter seriatis picta, transversim striata et cingulata : cingulis costas longitudinalcs decussantibus, spirae mcdiocris mediants aurantiis ; cauda brevi perforata ; columella laev i ; labro intus obsolete dentato ; apertura alba. Long. 7, lat. 5 lines. Hab. Western Coast. [Is identical with T. labiosum, Wood. Index. Test. Supp. {teste Angas).] Fusus ventricosus, No. 125, p. 26. F. testa ovato-fusiformi, ventricosa, obtusa, pallide fulva, basi sub- fusca, transversim sulcata, longitudinaliter costato-plicata ; anfractibus quatuor ; spira mediocri ; labro intus laev i ; fauce fulva. Long. 4, lat. 2-7 lines. Hab. Western Coast. Fusus exilis, No. 126, p. 26. F. testa fusiformi-turrita, acuminata, pallida, transversim lirata, longitudinaliter costato-plicata ; anfractibus septem; spira producta ; labro intus Icevi; fauce rufa. Long. 4#5, lat. 2 lines. Sab. Western Coast. Conus rutilus, No. 133, p. 27. C. testa turbinato-obconica, medio subinflata, tenui, rutila, liris tribus distantibus obsoletis striisque tenuissimis confertis cincta ; spira depressa, coronata, canalicular, rufo-radiata. Long. 6, lat. 4 lines. 400 ON MENKE's AUSTRALIAN SHELLS, Ilab. North-west Coast. [Extends to S. Australia and New South Wales. Tasmanian examples have been named C. Tasmanicus and C. Macleayanus, T.- Woods] Margixella liturata, No. 146, p. 28. 21. testa ovato-oblonga, luteo-cana s. ocliroleuca, Uncoils longiludin- allbus angular ibus intcrruptispunctatisfuscis super his mag is conspicuis picta ; spira breve conlca ; labri margine externo punctato, intcrno crenato ; columella quadriplicata. Long. 9, lat. 5 lines. Ilab. Western Coast. Allied to 21. limbata, Lamarck, which is larger, ovate, and the longitudinal lines continuous ; also to 21. helmatina, Kang. [A very distinct species belonging to the Section Glabella.^ Terebra albula, No. 163, p. 30. T. testa fusiformi-turrita, subulata, lactea, unicolorc, laevigata, nitida, longitudinal iter plicata ; anfractibus quatuordceim planius cult's indie isis ; plicis in ultimo anfractu inferius evanidis. Long. 8-5, lat. 2 lines. Ilab. Western Coast. Haliotis scabricosta, No. 172, p. 31. //. testa ovata, convexa, transversim (n.e.spiralitcr) costata ; costis squamis imbricatis confertis cxaspcratis ; spirit prominula, submediana; margine columellari sub-rot undato-aequo. Long. 3 inches 2 lines, lat. 2 inches 4 lines. Ilab. Mistaken Island. Junior testa exterius ex rubro viridique radiata, vel ex rubro albido- que laete varia est ; adulta ct senescens vireseit. 21. Menko givos f or synonym, //. exeavata, var. 13. Lam. (Dclesscrt, Recueil d' Cotp pi. 33, f. 6.) BY RALPH TAXE, F.G.S., ETC. 401 Haliotis seaiiplicata, No. 173, p. 31. H. testa subrotundo-ovata, medio convexo depressa, transversim striata, anterius longitudinaliter plicata; plicis compressis erectiusculis ; spira prominula, postica, submediana ; margine columella)" i rotundato, exteritis declivi. Long. 19, lat. 14 lines. Hah. Western Coast, rare. Species intermediate between H. Midce, L., which is much smaller, and H. lamellosa, Lam., the test of which is of an elliptical shape, and the stria) deeply incised. FlSSUEELLA OBLOXGA, No. 181, p. 33. F. testa oblongo-elliptica, convexa, margine antico posticoque rotundato adscendente s. surrecto, radiatim elenscgue obsolete porcata, striis concentricis decussate/, rosea, circa foramen ovato- oblongum magnum pallida. Long. 9, lat. 4-5, alt. 2*5 lines. Ilab. Western Coast, rare. [Probably is F. scutella, Gray, Sow. Conch. 111. f. 34.] Patella insignis, No. 187, p. 34. P. testa ovata, convexa, nitida, subpellucida, obsolete concentrice striata, posterius verticaliter subsulcata albida, radiis latiusculis reiiculatis fuscis quinque ad sex picta ; vertice excentrico ; margine integerrimo. Long. 7*4, lat. 5-7, alt. 3 lines. Ilab. Western Coast. Allied to P. cruciata, Linn. Patella onychitis, No. 188, p. 34. P. testa ovata, elepresso-convexa, subpellucida, concentrice striata, radiis continuis pluribus latescentibus nigris aliisque august ioribus interrvptis opalinis picta ; vertice excentrico-submarginali, com_ prcsso ; margine integerrimo. Long. 11, lat. 9-4, alt. 3 lines. Nab. Western Coast. 402 ox menke's Australian shells, Plicatula imbricata, No. 196, p. 35. PI. testa cuneato-subrotunda compressiuscida, solidiuscula, fumosa, plicata; plicis distinctis simplicibus, squamis jomicatis raris imbricatis. Long. 15, lat. 14, ventr. 4 lines. JTab. Western Coast. [Figured by Eeeve, Icon. Conch., t. 1, f. 4, as a distinct species. J Pecten bifidus. No. 197, p. 35. P. testa inaequivalui, albido carneoque varia, intus carnea late limbata, radiis tredecim ad quindecim ; valvce convexce lavis rotundato-planiusculis sulco (singulo, rarius daplici, obsoletius vel distinctus) divisis ; valvce plance transversim striata) rotundatis ; auriculis cequalibus. Long. 2 inches 10 lines, lat. 3 inches 5 lines, ventr. 11 lines. Sab. AVestern Coast. Pinna virgata, No. 204, p. 36. P. testa clongato-cuneiformi, compressa, tenui, fulva, radiis rufo- ferrugineis virgata, obsolete costata, squamis fomicatis brcvibus con- fertissimis, transversim seriatis muricata ; margine cardinali ct ventrali recto, antico oblique arcuato-truncaio. Long. diam. maxim. 9 inches 6 lines, marg. card., 8 inches, lat. 4 inches 2 lines. Sab. Western Coast. Pinna deltodes, No. 206, p. 37. P. testa late cuneata, trigona, subaquilatera, compressa, corneo- fumata, transversim striata ct lamcllosa; lamcllis planatis, appressis, cinereis ; margine cardinali subflexuoso, ventrali propc umbones obsolete costulatos ct squamidosus sinuoso, antice rotundato. Diam. later, et transv. 6 A- inches, crass. 10 lines. Sab. North-west Coast, near Victoria Paver. BY RALPH TATE, F.G.S., ETC. 403 Cardita rubicunda, No. 220, p. 38. C. testa elliptico-ovata, trapezode, transversa, turgida, subepidermide fusco-fulva pallide cornea, obsolete rubro-fasciata ; costis sedecim rotundatis latescentibus ; anticis subcrenatis. Long. 20, alt. 1 3*7, crass. 10 lines. Sab. "Western Coast. This is C. incrassata, Sowerby, Appendix, Tankerville Cat. 1825. Cardita Preissii, No. 221, p. 38. C. testa trapezode-ovata, transversa, subturgida, albida efusco varia et snbzonata ; costis octodecim convexis : anticis eleganter annulato- crenatis, medianis posterior ibus et posticis squamis sp>arsis fornicatis erectis muricatis. Long. 12-4, alt. 9, crass. 6 lines. Hab. Western Coast. [Figured by Eeeve, Icon. Conch., t. 8, f. 39, as a distinct species.] Cardita tridacnoides, No. 222, p. 39. C. testa ovato-trapezode, transversa, solida, flava, antice abbreviato- truncata, infer ins sinuata, superius dorsato-arcuata, turgida; costis duodecim : anticis squamis obtusis brevibus incumbentibus , poster ior ibus squamis validis adscendentibus imbricatis. Long. 16, alt. 10, crass. 9 lines. Sab. Western Coast. [Angas refers this species to Mytilicardia crassicostata, Lamarck {Cardita).'] ClIAMA SP03TDYL0DES, No. 227, p. 39. Ch. testa elliptico-lanceolata, longitudinali, albida sanguineo radiata oblique eleganter costato-plicata ; valva minore convexiuscula, squamis fornicatis elongatis jJutentibus, inajore naviculari exterius angulato- cariuata, June rudi, illinc squamis variis spars is muricata; natc 404 ON MENKE's AUSTRALIAN SHELLS, dextrorsum versa ; margins interno cremdalo. Long. 10#5, lat. 6 Hues. Hob. North-western Coast. Allied to Chama asperella, Lamk. Donax sulcarius, No. 23.5, p. 40. D. testa snbtrigono-ovata, compressiuscula, transvcrsim striata, striis tenuissimis decussata, fulva, obscurius zonata lineis-que interruptis verticalibus picta, postiee obtuse angulata transvcrsimque sulcata ; margine interno integcrrimo. Long. 10 "3, alt. o, crass. 3*6 lines. Hah. "Western Coast. [I have a Donax from King George's Sound, which is ref errable to the above ; it is allied to D. columbella, Lamarck, but possessing distinctive characters.] Cytherea scalaris, No. 241, p. 42. G. testa cordato-orbiculata, convexa, lamellis surrectis appressis confertis cincta, rufa, albido zonata et radiata; ano cordato, impresso, parvo ; vulva linear i. Long. 2 inches 2 lines, alt. 1 inch 1 1 lines, crass. 11 lines. Sab. North-western Coast. [Deshayes quotes this species as Bosinia scalaris.'] Cytherea vaginalis, No. 246, p. 42. C. testa ovato-orbiculata, subtrigona, convexiuscula, antcrius compressa, laevi, cornea, maculis radiantibus rufis virgata; intus rosea, margine crenulato ; ano linear i-lanccolato ; vulva projundc impressa, patente. Long. 12, alt. 10, crass. 5 lines. Ifab. Western Coast. [Deshayes quotes this species as Cuncus vaginalis.'] Cytherea menstrualis, p. 42. Species vulvae imprcssione profunda distinctissima, singular is. Aliam huic proximo ajfinem speciom majorem equidem possideo ncedum, BY RALPH TATE, F.G.S. ETC. 405 quantum sciam descriptam, neque mild innotuit unde sit ; est enim haec: Cytlterea menstnialis, m. testa suborbiculata, convexiuscida, anterius compressa, longitudinaliter leviter striata, obsolete decussata, livido-fusca, linen angularihus eruentis s. lividis transversim seriatis picta; margine intus crcnato ; ano linear i-subulato ; vulva prof unde impressa, patents. Long. 2J inches, alt. 2 inches 3 lines, crass. 10*5 lines. [This is also referred to Cuneus by Deshayes.] Venus gravescens, No. 247, p. 43. V. testa cordato-trigona, turgidula, solida, ponder osa, albida, radii's tribus latis lividis picta, obsolete transversim striata, lamellis transversis validis surrectis distantibus (decern), antice incisis et in lobum s. auriculam product is cincta ; margine intus crenulato ; ano subrotundo- ovato ; pubis oblong ae depressae labiis incumbent ibus. Long. 15, lat. 14, crass. 9 lines. Nab. "Western Coast. Allied to V. fasciata, Donov. [This species is referred to Chione by Deshayes.] Venus coelata, No. 248, p. 43. V. testa cordato ovata, fulva, racliis raris latcscentibus lineisve angularihus subseriatis rujis picta, cingulis tenuibus confer tissimis numerosis (ad 36) cincta, interstitiis longitudinaliter porcatis ; margine intus crenulato ; ani lanceolati labris jH'orninulis , compressis; pube oblong o-lineari. Long. 6, alt, 5*3, crass. 3 lines. Sab. "Western Coast. Has some affinity to Venus gallina, Linn. [It is cpaoted by Deshayes as Chione coelata.'] Mactra decussata, No. 261, p. 46. M. testa elliptico-ovata , subtrigona, inaequilatera, alba, striis tenuissimis decussata, antice breviore, postict angulata, area ibidem, 406 ON MENKE'S AUSTRALIAN SHELLS, medio depressa, costula verticali circumscripta, extremilate hiantc. Long. 18, alt. 13, crass. 7 lines. Hah. Western Coast. Pisidium semen, No. 232, p. 40. Testa oblique ovata, ventricosa, umbo7iibus turgidis, epidermide flavo-cornea, in margine pallidiore induta, subtilissime transversim striata, decosticata alba vel lilaeina. Long. 1'3, alt. 1, crass. 0-7 lines. Sab. Sandy banks of Swan Kiver, with Paludina granum. Menlceh Names Cassidula rugata Paludina granum Melania lirata Littorina rugosa Littorina acuta Natica sagittata Natica sertata Pliasianella Lehmanni Phasianella Preissii Phasianella brevis Turbo Lehmanni Monodonta melanolom Monodonta baccata Monodonta crenulata Monodonta ringens Monodonta maxillata Monodonta lupina Monodonta turrita Monodonta apicina Monodonta virgata Trochus prasinus Trochus ciliaris Adopted Names. Cassidula rugata, Mke. Assiminea ? granum, Mke. Melania incerta, Brot. Littorina rugosa, Mke. Littorina mauritiana, Lam. Natica sagittata, Mice. Natica sertata, Mice. \ Phasianella bulimoides, Lam. Phasianella ventricosa, Q. fr G. Gibbula Lehmanni, Mice. Trochocochlea melanoloma, Mice. Euchelus baccatus, Mice. Euchelus Clanculus ringens, Mice. Clanculus Clanculus lupinus, Mice. Thalotia conica, Gray. Elenchus apicinus, Mice. Elenchus irisodontes, Q. et G. Trochus prasinus, Mke. Zizyphinus ciliaris, Mice. BY RALPH TATE, F.G.S., ETC. 407 Menlce's Names. Troclius viridulus Trochus chlorostoinus Troclius Preissii Trochus Lehmanni . . Trochus impervius . . Trochus vitiligineus . . Buccinum acuminatum Buccinum fasciculare Cassis paucirugis Columbella bidentata Tritonium tabulatum . . Tritonium rutilum Pusus ventricosus Fusus exilis Conus rutilus . . Marginella liturata Terebra albula Haliotis scabricosta Haliotis semiplicata Fissurella oblonga Patella insignis Patella onychitis Plicatula imbricata Pecten bifidus Pinna virgata . . Pinna deltodes Cardita rubicunda Carclita Preissii Cardita tridacnoides Don ax sulcarius Cytherea scalaris Cytherea vaginalis Cytherea menstrualis Adopted Names. Zizyphinus viridulus, Mice. Zizyphinus chlorostomus, Mice. Thalotia pulcherrima, Wood. Thalotia Lehmanni, Mice. Diloma impervia, Mice. Monilea vitiliginea, Mice. Columbella Menkeane, Reeve. Semicassis paucirugis, Mice. Columbella bidentata, Mice. Tritonium Tritonium labiosum, Wood. Conus rutilus, Mice. Marginella liturata, Mice. Terebra (Hastula) albula, Mice. Haliotis excavata, Lam. ? Haliotis. Pissurella scutella, Gray. Plicatula imbricata, Mice. Pinna Pinna Cardita incrassata, Soiv. Cardita Preissii, Mice. Mytilicardia crassicostata, Lam. Donax sulcarius, Mice. Dosinia scalaris, Mice. Cuneus vaginalis, Mice. Cuneus menstrualis, Mice. 408 NOTES AND EXHIBITS. Malice's Names. Adopted Names. Venus gravescens . . . . Cliione gravescens, Mice. Venus coelata . . .. .. Cliione coelata, 2I1ce. Mactra decussata . . . . Mactra Pisiclium semen . . . . Pisidium semen, Mice. NOTES AND EXHIBITS. Mr. Stephens drew attention to the Geological features of a Quarry at Bushcutter's Bay, and promised to read a paper in reference thereto at a future meeting. Mr. Brazier exhibited a Tortoise with two heads found by him at the Macleay River ; also on behalf of Mr. B. C. Bossiter, Noumea, New Caledonia, a malformed Cyprcea poraria, and on behalf of Professor Tate, Adelaide, Columoella bidentata, and Paludina gramma, two of Menke's species from Western Australia, St. Vincent's Gulf, South Australia, and King George's Sound as mentioned in his paper. Mr. Wilkinson exhibited a number of a species of Phasma found by him at the Pish Biver Caves, where they were so numerous as to have denuded nearly all the trees of foliage. Mr. B. McMahon exhibited a section of a Maryborough Bine log in which a stone was embedded fifty or sixty feet from the ground, supposed to have been dropped into an angle of the branch when the tree was young and grown over. P. L. 8. VOL. 6. PL. 1. £ ••.. ■a ' - i I 1. P01X sTfUIS DOLII. 2 LAB] "HYS LABIOSA. Mccc/uixry. S.S.dd P. L. S. Vol. e. Pl 2. 'it. - r '4$, 1 iSTs, ;&■• I .1' ip: TERATORHOMBUS EXCISICEPS, MacluLy. S.S P. L. S. Vol 6. Pl 3. W.A H dbd P. L. 8. Vol 6. PL 4. W.A.H cxel 3d 409 WEDNESDAY, APRIL 27th, 1881. The President, Dr. J. C. Cox, E.L.S., in the Chair. MEMBERS ELECTED. '. ^ » s>/ E. P>. Kingdon, Esq. ; Dr. Craig Dixson ; Dr. Thomas DixsoH and Dr. Sehuette. DONATIONS. Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, Vol. I., pai't 1, series 2, from the Society. Results of Rain and River observations for 1880, Recent changes in the surface of Jupiter, and Thunder and Hailstorms in N. S. Wales, from H. C. Russell, E.RA.S. papers read. Description of a new species of Australian Amplexa. By Professor Ralph Tate, F.Gr.S., &c. Amplexa turrita, spec. nov. Shell somewhat fusiformly turreted, thin, covered with a pale horn-coloured epidermis which is squamosely raised at the sutures and on the longitudinal carinae. Whorls five and a half, with distinct sutures ; body whorl carinated, obliquely flattened posteriorly, and ornamented anteriorly with about five longi- tudinal ridges; penultimate whorl subquadrate with two prominent keels, one on the angle of the whorl, the other near the anterior suture. External surface with transverse thick strice of growth somewhat cancellated by the spiral ridges and intermediate lines. Spire exserted, scalariform, acute. Aperture ovate, subangulated posteriorly, about three-fifths of the length 1 A 410 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA of the shell ; opaque-white within ; columella plait distinct, inner lip white thinly and narrowly spread over the columella, and obliterating the umbilical fissure. Dimensions : — Length 16, breadth 7*5, length of aperture 9-5 millimetres. Locality : — Lake Wendouree, Ballarat, Victoria. This species is closely related to Physa Alicia:, from which it differs in its narrower and less oblique form, more attenuated spire, and in the fewness of the longitudinal keels. P. Kershaivi, T. -Woods, though belonging to the same natural group, is like P. mcesta, Adams, of New Zealand, and therefore makes an approach to P. Cumingi. Descriptions of Australian Micro-Lefidoptera. By E. Meyrick, B.A. Y. TOETRICINA. In the present paper (together with the next instalment shortly to follow) I have endeavoured to create a substantial basis for the acquisition of knowledge of the Tortricina of Australia and New Zealand. I have identified, classified, and redescribed the species of the group indicated by "Walker in the British Museum Catalogue of Lepidoptera, as well as the few others named by other writers ; and have added descriptions of all the new species which I possess in my own collection. In the present instalment 103 species are described, of which 57 are new. The worthless character of Walker's descriptions is sufficiently well known ; in this group, owing to the great similarity of marking and obscure colouring of the species, the great majority of his descriptions are in themselves absolutely unidentifiable, in the absence of trustworthy generic indication. The forty species of the Tortricidce which he possessed from Australia and Now Zealand are described BY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 411 by him under seventy-eight different names, one species being burdened with as many as eleven synonyms, and in no single instance has a species been correctly referred to its proper genus. I have recently examined the whole of his Australian types in the British Museum collection, and have identified almost all as species of which I possess specimens ; of four or five I do not possess specimens, and in these cases I have not been able to make a sufficiently thorough investigation to make the generic identification absolutely certain, but I trust I have not made any gross errors in that respect. With regard to the retaining of Walker's names, it appears to me indisputable that it would have been perfectly justifiable to reject all names followed by descrip- tions which did not of themselves sufficiently indicate the species referred to. If the description is not identifiable, it is no description ; the existence of the type is not to the point. If an author of the present day were to publish a list of names of new species, and observe that he had omitted to add descriptions, as the types were always on view in his collection, I presume his names would not be adopted ; yet in regard to most species, what Walker has done amounts to no more. Notwithstanding, in deference to general usage, I have retained his names on the strength of the types alone ; but at the same time I assert distinctly that I do not consider myself bound to do so in any instance. The rule which I have adopted (suggested to me by Prof. Fernald) has been to retain all names followed by descriptions which there appears sufficient reason to believe were really intended to represent the specimen standing in the collection as type of the species, however inadequately they may do so. If, as is not unfrequently the case, the type has been lost, then I have rejected the name entirely, unless the description clearly indicated a particular species. When the form of the name errs grossly against the elementary rules of the Latin language, I have corrected it to a more seemly shape. Prof. Zeller urges me also to change the pointless and nonsensical names which often occur 412 DESCRIPTION OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, for more significant titles, but though sometimes sorely tempted, I have not ventured to carry out a principle so liable to abuse. Of other authors, Lewin, Newman, and Zeller have described one or two species each, which I have determined as far as practicable. E elder in the ';Reiseder Novara " has figured several species, principally from New Zealand ; the figures are very poor and frequently quite unidentifiable, but all those which I have been able to determine are synonyms of species previously described by Walker. Butler has also described a few species, of which I have included those of which I have seen the types in the British Museum collection ; they seem to have been invariably referred to wrong genera, after the example set by Walker, but are mostly distinct species. The classification of the Tortricina has usually been regarded by European writers as a task of unusual difficulty, their know- ledge being confined to the European fauna. It is true that, until the publication of the systems of Lederer and Heinemann, all schemes proposed were scientifically quite valueless. I am disposed to think, however, that the difficulty of the group has been somewhat exaggerated. The general character of the markings, colouring, and form of wing is so uniform throughout the group, and restricted within such narrow limits of variation, that the same, or an extremely similar, superficial facies often recurs in distinct genera ; which has fostered an erroneous belief that the structural points of generic distinction were misleading and insufficient. Moreover the structure of the head and palpi, which in the Tineina affords so ready a means of classification, in the Tortricina presents usually but few and unimportant differences. The best generic characters are afforded by the neuration, which I have always found a very trustworthy guide ; the basal pectination of the lower median vein of the hindwings, the structure of the antennae, and the presence of a costal fold in the male, are also points on which much stress may be safely laid. In the case of the Australasian species I have found no RY E. MEYEICK, B.A. 413 particular difficulty in applying these means, and they have enabled me to separate the species into genera which appear to be undoubtedly natural. I should add that in the Tortricina the neuration can usually be clearly traced by inspection of the lower surface of the wings without denuding them of scales ; a circumstance which has enabled mo to fix with certainty the position of those species of which I possess only single specimens which could not therefore be spared for dissection. For the just classification of the present family (Tortricidcc) I have been compelled to form seventeen new genera, owing to the very strong specialisation of the fauna, many of these forms being very remote from anything previously known. The Tortricina appear to me clearly separable into three well- defined families, by the following characters, viz : 1 . Tortricidce. — Lower median vein of hindwings not pectinated at base ; vein 2 of forewings rising from before posterior third of cell. 2. GraphoMthidce. — Lower median vein of hindwings pectinated at base ; vein 2 of forewings rising from before posterior third of cell. 3. Conchylidce. — Lower median vein of hindwings not pectinated at base ; vein 2 of forewings rising from posterior fourth of cell. These families constitute assemblages of an undoubtedly natural character, and are capable of accurate limitation as above ; but even were one or two exceptions to be discovered, I should not consider that the fact would invalidate the title of these groups to be regarded as families. In my view, these three families are independent branches of a common stock, and might be repre- sented by three lines, diverging somewhat, from nearly the same point ; and being distinctly separable at their origin, they need not be confused, even though one should, through analogous variation, perhaps occasionally develope the peculiar characteristic of the others. The true position will always be discernible by a 414 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, consideration of the sum of the characters, rather than a blind dependence on one alone. In the present paper the Tortricidce alone are included ; the Grapholithida and Conch ylidce, which even together are much less numerous, will form the subject of the next instalment. The Tortricidce are divisible by means of the neuration into well-defined and natural groups which might, if desirable, be adopted as subfamilies, viz. : a. Mictoneura — Veins 8 and 9 of forewings rising on a stalk from 7 (genus 1). b. Aeropolitis group — Veins 3 and 4 of hindwings separate at origin (genera 2-10). c. Dichclia group — Veins 3 and 4 of hindwings from a point or stalked, 7 and 8 of forewings stalked (genera 11-16). d. Tortrix group — Veins 3 and 4 of hindwings from a point, 7 and 8 of forewings separate (genera 17-21). There are also other lower-organised groups, but they are apparently not represented in Australia, and I will not therefore attempt to define them. Assuming that the origin of the family is to be found in the extreme forms of the Gelcchidce (Dasystoma and ChimabaccheJ, a direct progression may be traced from such forms as Cheimatophila and Exapate through Sciaphila to Tortrix and Caccecia. with a continually increasing breadth of wing ; the transition from these to Dic/telia seems at present to be incomplete, there being no distinct indication of the steps through which veins 7 and 8 of the forewings became stalked ; Capua is a modi- fication of Bichelia, and from Capua are formed Aeropolitis and Pyryotis by the separation of veins 3 and 4 of the hindwings ; and from these latter again are developed the more extreme forms of this type, with veins 3, 4, .5 all equidistant and parallel, and the other details of structure often considerably modified. Mictoneura stands at present so remote from its allies, that it is BY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 415 hardly possible to conjecture whence it may have originated, but perhaps from the neighbourhood of Capua. The Tortricidce are represented in this region at present by 103 species, two-thirds of the Avhole Tortricina, since I have altogether only about 50 native species of the other two families. In Europe, on the other hand, the Tortricidce number about 145 species out of 680, little more than one-fifth of the whole. Of the 103 species hereafter described 24 are indigenous to New Zealand, and 79 to Australia, none being common to both, nor are any at present known to occur elsewhere. No European species of the family has yet been introduced, though the food- plants of many common species have been imported ; amongst the Grapholithidcr, however, there are several introduced species. On a general analysis of the fauna, the most striking feature appears to be the development of group b., of which Acropolitis may be taken as the type, since this group, distinguished by a clearly-marked peculiarity of structure, is unknown elsewhere, and appears to be wholly confined to the Australian region, where it is represented at present by nine genera and nineteen species ; the large proportion of distinct genera being very noticeable. Only one of these genera extends into New Zealand, where it reaches some development, being represented by at least four species, much more intimately allied to one another than to the single Australian species. Arranging the genera of this group in a natural progression by the amount of peculiarity, we find at the one end of the series forms closely approximating to Capua, and at the other peculiar and abnormal types, differing widely from any other group. There can be little doubt under the circumstances that the whole of this group has been developed in Australia from some original form closely resembling Capua, and it will probably be found to be wholly confined to this region, though it is of course possible that one or two forms may have spread outwards to other lands. A single species of this group reaching New Zealand will be sufficient to account for the 416 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, ancestry of the forms at present known thence. From the largo amount of generic diversification in the group, we may infer with some probability a correspondingly long period of isolation. We shall see hereafter that the Conchy! idee afford a quite similar instance of a peculiar group, from the characteristics of which precisely the same inferences may be drawn. In connection with the development of this group derivable from Capua, the pre- dominance of Capua itself and its close ally Dichelia in the Australian region is of considerable interest. The first of these genera is represented by twelve, and the second by thirteen species, both genera extending to New Zealand ; whilst in Europe and America they are very sparsely represented ; in fact, of Capua only three other species are known. Besides these there are four other nearly allied endemic genera, including seven species ; so that in fact three-fourths of the peculiar Australian genera of the family are traceable to this source ; and as out of the twenty-one genera described seventeen are endemic, this disproportion is very marked. Of the rest, the cosmopolitan genera Tortrix and Caccccia are represented by numerous forms of no marked peculiarity ; these genera are doubtless of great antiquity. Caeceeia is especially predominant in New Zealand, where all the species appear to belong to a special group with more elongate palpi, suggesting a limited origin. There are also three other endemic genera of this group, all moderately nearly allied to Tortrix, and two of them extending to New Zealand. Finally there is the very singular genus Mictoucura, wholly remote from all others ; so far as can be judged at present, it seems probable that wo have here a last surviving relic of an extinct group, possibly indicating the transition from the Tortricina to the Pyralidina. All the characteristics of the fauna will therefore agree in indicating great isolation, and from the limitation of forms may bo inferred the remoteness of the period at which the isolation began. New Zealand is distinguished by a much greater liini- BY E. MEYBICK, B.A. 417 tation of forms, but does not show any peculiar genera, or any differing from those native to Australia, though all the species are peculiar. To sum up briefly the characteristics of the representation of the Tortricidee in the Australian region, it will be seen that there are ( 1 ) two genera occurring throughout the world plentifully, (2) two genera occurring plentifully here, but very scantily elsewhere, (3) three endemic genera derivable from the first two, (4) thirteen endemic genera derivable from the second two, (5) a single abnormal endemic genus representing an extinct group. Of genera remarkable by their absence maybe noticed especially Teras Hb., and Sciaphila, Tr. ; these are of very general distribu- tion, appearing to extend over most of the rest of the globe, and contain numerous species, but are neither themselves present in Australia, nor represented by allies. It seems almost certain that these are really absent, as they are freely developed and conspicuous wherever else they occur. TORTRICINA. Head rather rough ; ocelli present ; tongue short (rarely obsolete J. Antenna short. Maxillary palpi absent. Labial palpi rather stout, more or less porrected. Wings usually broad. Forewings with twelve f rarely eleven) veins, vein one furcate at base [rarely one fork obsolete). Hindwings with eight or sometimes seven veins, Pam. I. TOETRICLDiE. Lower median vein of hindwings without basal pectination ; vein two of forewings rising before posterior third of lower margin of cell. The indigenous genera of this family may be tabulated as follows : I. Veins 8 and 9 of forewings stalked . . 1. Mictoneura. II. Veins 8 and 9 of forewings separate 418 DESCRIPTIONS OP AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEITDOPTERA, A. Veins 3 and 4 of hindwings remote at origin. 1. Veins 3, 4, 5 of hindwings remote and equidistant at origin. a. Veins 7 and 8 of forowings separate 2. Proselena. b. Veins 7 and 8 of forewings stalked. . 4. Isochorista. 2. Vein5 closely approximated at baseto4. a. Forewings with. 11 separate veins.. 5. Ateludora. b. Forewings with 12 veins. i. Veins 7 and 8 of forewings separate 3. Paleeotorna. ii. Veins 7 and 8 of forewings stalked. *. Thorax smooth. f. Hindwings narrower than forewings . . . . . . 6. Aristocosma. ff. Hindwings broader than forewings . . . . . . 7. Adoxophyes. **. Thorax strongly crested. "| '. Veins 6 and 7 of hindwings stalked .. .. ..10. Pyrgotis. jf. Veins 6 and 7 of hindwings separate. ;];. Palpi arched, appressed to face . . . . . . 8. Thrincophora. ;[;f . Palpi porrected . . . . 9. Acropolitis. B. Veins 3 and 4 of hindwings from a point or short-stalked. 1 . Veins 7 and 8 of forewings stalked. a. Gosta of male with basal fold. i. Costal fold strong . . . . . .11. Capua. ii . Costal fold very small and imperfect * Palpi arched upwards ; thorax created. . . . . . . . 13. Asthenoptycha BY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 419 ** Palpi porrected ; thorax smooth 12. Acroceuthes. b. Costa of male without fold. i. Palpi arched upwards ; thorax crested .. .. .. ..14. Auatropia. ii. Palpi porrected ; thorax smooth. * Anal valves of male very large, tufted . . . . . . . .15. Anisogona. •'•••' Anal valves of male moderate 16. Dichelia. 2. Veins 7 and 8 of fore wings separate. - a. Hind wings with a costal tuft of raised scales .. .. ..17. Cryptoptila. b. Hindwings without tuft. i. Costa of male more or less strongly folded .. .. .. ..18. Cacoecia. ii. Costa of male without fold. *. Veins 6 and 7 of hindwings separate : j. Antenna) of male filiform, finely ciliated .. ..19. Tortrix. jf. Antenna) of male strongly dentate, with tufts of cilia . .21. Arotrophora. **. Veins 6 and 7 of hindwings stalked .. .. ..20. Dipterina. 1. MlCTOXEURA, 11. (J. Thorax with strong erect crest. Antennas in male thickened, joints crowded, serrate, strongly ciliated ; basal joint above with a ridge-like pointed erect tooth of scales. Palpi rather long, porrected, second joint with elongate-triangular appressed scaling, terminal joint long, cylindrical, exposed. Legs moderate, inner spurs very much longer than outer. Forewings subtriangular, dilated, costa in male simple, arched at base, thence gently arched, apex obtuse, hindmargin rather oblique, rounded. Hindwings as broad as forewings, trapezoidal, hindmargin strongly sinuate 420 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, beneath apex. Forewings with veins 8 and 9 stalked, rising out of 7 near its base, vein 7 running to hindniargin, secondary cell distinct. Hindwings with veins 3 and 4 from a point, 5 approxi- mated to 4 at base, 6 and 7 separate. This remarkable genus is remote from all other known Tortric/'ia in the type of neuration of the forewings, in which particular it resembles the typical Pi/ redid ina. I think, however, that it is without doubt properly referred to its present position at the head of the Tortricidce, with which family it agrees in all other structural points, though peculiar in its superficial features. It is not nearly allied to any other genus, but in general character approaches perhaps nearest to the group of which DicheUa is the type. 1. Mict. flexaniniana, n. sp. $ ? . 5"-6". Head and palpi whitish, irregularly mixed with fuscous. Antenna) fuscous. Thorax whitish, finely irrorated with greyish-ochreous. Abdomen ochreous-grey. Legs whitish, anterior and middle tibia) and tarsi suffused with dark fuscous, posterior tarsi infuscated at base of joints. Forewings whitish, clearer white along costa, especially at base, rest of wing crossed by regular fine straight parallel transverse fuscous strigulse, all the veins whitish marked with numerous blackish-fuscous spots ; a small blackish-fuscous rounded-triangular spot on costa in middle, darkest on edges ; before it are four small equidistant black spots on costa, and beyond it on the costa and hindniargin are more indistinct blackish-fuscous spots between the veins ; the costa is also minutely strigulated witli fuscous throughout ; the hindmargin, especially towards anal angle, and the disc and inner margin, especially before middle, are faintly and irregularly clouded with pale fuscous-grey : cilia ochreous-whitish, -barred with grey opposite the veins. Ilindwings grey-whitish, with fine parallel transverse grey strigulse ; cilia grey. BY E. MEYRICK B.A. 421 The general aspect of this species is very peculiar ; the extreme regularity of the transverse strigulae between the veins produces an appearance of geometrical reticulation similar to that of the vvebs of some spiders. Five specimens taken at rest on fences in Sydney, from September to December. 2. Proselexa, n. g. Thorax smooth. Antennae in male thickened, thinly and shortly ciliated. Palpi short, porrected, second joint roughly scaled above, terminal joint almost concealed. Fore wings elongate, narrow, costa in male simple, gently arched, hindmargin very oblique, rounded. Hindwings elongate, broader than forewings. Forewings with veins 7 and 8 separate. Hindwings with veins 3 and 4 remote at origin and parallel, 5 equidistant from 4 and parallel, 6 and 7 long-stalked. This genus belongs to the group in which veins 3 and 4 of the hindwings do not rise from the same point. In this group it is distinguished from all except Isochorista by having veins 4 and 5 of the hindwings not only widely remote at origin but parallel throughout ; from Isochorista it differs by the separation of veins 7 and 8 of the forewings, which in Isochorista rise from a common stalk. 1. Pros, annosana, n. sp. <$ ? . 4J"-5". Head and palpi white. Antennae greyish- ochreous. Thorax white, margins spotted with pale ochreous. Abdomen whitish-ochreous. Legs ochreous- white, anterior tarsi suffused with fuscous at base of joints. Forewings white, irregularly strewn with fine fuscous-grey scales, forming indistinct strigulae on costa ; base indistinctly spotted with ochreous ; four nearly straight transverse slender ochreous fasciae, nearly per- pendicular to costa ; first at one-fourth, indistinct, clearest in disc, slightly bent below costa ; second in middle, slightly broader 422 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, and more conspicuous than the others, somewhat bent below costa, mixed with black on costa and on lower half of its anterior edge ; third at three-fourths, fainter, often interrupted ; fourth subapical, slender, often mixed with black ; cilia white, with a slender blackish central dividing-line. Hindwings and cilia white. This is a peculiarly delicate and fragile-looking little species, and has more the facies of some of the Oecophoridce than of a veritable Tortrix, and its markings are equally abnormal. Sufficiently common where it occurs, but rather local ; taken near Parramatta, New South "Wales, flying gently towards sunset amongst the Eucalyptus bushes in dry grassy places, in September and October. 3. Pal;eoto:ma, n. g. Thorax smooth. Antennce in male thickened, ciliated. Palpi long, porrected, second joint somewhat arched, with rather appressed scales, terminal joint very long, naked, horizontal. Porewings elongate, narrow, sui'face with raised scales ; costa in male simple, nearly straight, apex rather acute, hindmargin very oblicpie, rounded. Hindwings elongate, broader than forewings. Porewings with veins 7 and 8 separate, closely approximated towards their origin. Hindwings with veins 3 and 4 remote at origin and parallel, 5 approximated to 4 at base, G and 7 stalked. Larva sixteen-legged, producing true galls, inside which it feeds. Distinguished from the other genera with veins 3 and 4 of the hindwings remote at origin and 12 veins in the forewings (except ProselennJ by the separation of veins 7 and 8 of the forewings ; from Proselena it differs by the elongate palpi, and the approxi- mation of veins 4 and .3 of hindwings at origin. In general facies it somewhat resembles a Sciaphila. It is remarkable as affording an instance of a true gall-producing Tortricideous larva ; and it seems not improbable that some of the allied genera may be found to have a similar larval habit. BY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 423 1. Pal. styphelana, n. sp. $ ? . 6"-8". Head, palpi, antenna?, and thorax dark ashy- grey. Abdomen dai-k ochreous-grey. Anterior and middle legs dark fuscous-grey ; posterior legs whitish, tarsi suffused with fuscous-grey at base of joints. Forewings ashy-grey, surface somewhat roughened, thinly and irregularly sprinkled with black scales, which tend to form short longitudinal strigula? ; costa with very short oblique blackish strigulae ; a strong irregular black streak from base to disc above anal angle, posteriorly attenuated, sometimes partially obsolete ; a very slender blackish line from three-quarters of costa very obliquely outwards nearly to hind- margin, thence bent abruptly round to anal angle ; beyond this is sometimes another similar line ; a black spot on disc beyond middle, above the extremity of the basal streak : cilia pale ashy- grey, "with a blackish line above base, and three other slender dark-grey lines. Hindwings fuscous-grey, darker on apex and hindmargin ; cilia fuscous-grey. The longitudinal black streak from base is generally a good characteristic of this insect. The imago is sluggish in habit, and not commonly met with, but I have found two or three specimens at rest near S}Tdney, in September and January. I bred a number of specimens from the larva?, which were not uncommon in some places in the bush near Sydney, and these all emerged in September, so that January specimens probably belong to a second generation. Larva stout, cylindrical, not tapering ; glossy whitish ; head and second segment almost as broad as body, blackish. It feeds in galls on Eucal yjrtus sp. ; the galls are formed on the extremity of young shoots by metamorphosis of the terminal tuft of unex- panded leaves ; they are from one to two inches long, and about half an inch broad, irregular-shaped, resembling an inflated tuft of leaves but solid ; the larva? eat hollow galleries through them, ejecting the excrement through minute holes ; there are generally 424 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LFPIDOPTERA, one or two, rarely more, larvre in each gall. Pupation takes place inside the gall, without a cocoon. The larvae were found in July about half-grown, and the imagos appeared in September. With regard to this and other Eucalyptus-feeding species, I may sa}r that it is generally very difficult to identify the species of Eucalyptus on which they are found ; the general similarity of these plants is very great, there are usually several kinds growing near together, and the larvre are almost invariably found on young saplings which have not yet developed their specific characteristics. 4. Isochorista, n. (J. Thorax smooth. Antennre in male somewhat thickened, shortly ciliated. Palpi moderate, porrected, second joint broadly scaled, rather truncate, terminal joint very short, distinct. Porewings elongate-triangular, rather narrow, costa gently arched, in male with fold towards base, hindmargin very obliquely rounded. Hindwings elongate-trapezoidal, as broad as forewings. Pore- wings with veins 7 and 8 stalked, vein 7 running to hindmargin. Hindwings with veins 0 and 4 remote at origin and parallel, 5 equidistant from 4 and parallel, 6 and 7 stalked. Differs from all except Proselena in having veins 3, 4, 5 of the hindwings all equidistant and parallel ; from Proselena it is at once known by having veins 7 and 8 of the forewings stalked, and by the costal fold of the male. In general superficies the imagos much resemble some of the smaller species of Capua and Diehelia. There are two species, of' winch I. panaeolana may be known from /. ranulana by the presence of transverse leaden-metallic markings. 1. Isoch. ranulana, n. sp. $ ? . 4"-5". Head, palpi, and thorax dull ochreous, thinly mixed with fuscous. Antenna) whitish-ochreous, sharply annul- BY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 425 ated with dark fuscous. Abdomen greyish-ochreous, anal tuft of male ockreous-wkitisk. Legs ockreous-wkitisk, anterior and middle tibiae witk central and subapical fuscous bands, tarsi dark fuscous at base of joints. Fore wings elongate, narrow, pale ockreous ; costa strongly strigulated witk black ; basal patck represented by one or two skarply bent transverse blackisk lines at one-fourtk, sometimes filled up witk several indistinct parallel fuscous lines ; central fascia straigkt, moderately and evenly broad, dark fuscous-grey edged witk black, running from middle of costa to anal angle, sometimes sligktly dilated on lower kalf ; a dark fuscous triangular blotck on costa before apex, connected witk kindmargin above anal angle by a narrow fuscous cloudy streak, tkence produced upwards along kindmargin ; a skort black marginal line round apex ; cilia pale ockreous, clouded witk greyisk, and cut on middle of kindmargin by a longitudinal blackisk mark. Hindwings and cilia grey. Tkis species is nearly allied to tke succeeding, but is smaller and narrower-winged, and witkout tke transverse leaden-metallic markings ; tke basal patck and central fascia are also more distinctly marked. Eatker common, tkougk liable to be overlooked from its small size and inconspicuous colouring ; it flies towards sunset in dry grassy places amongst Eucalyptus buskes, generally keeping near tke ground. It is probably very generally distributed in New Soutk Wales, wkerelkave taken it at Sydney, Parramatta, Bulk, Mittagong, and Murrurundi ; it occurs most commonly from August to October, but also in December and Marck. 2. Isock. panaeolana, n. sp. 4f"-5-y'. $ . Head, palpi, and tkorax dark fuscous mixed witk ockreous. Antennae wkitisk-ockreous, strongly annulated witk dark fuscous. Abdomen dark fuscous, anal tuft ockreous- wkite beneatk. Legs dark fuscous ; posterior pair wkitisk, base of tarsal joints dark fuscous on sides. Forewings elongate, IB 426 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-EFPIDOPTERA, posteriorly dilated, rather pale ochreous, irregularly mixed "with numerous black scales, which tend to form irregular margins to the metallic markings, between which they also form black spots on costa ; they also generally accumulate in an irregular black patch on anal angle ; seven oblique transverse somewhat irregular leaden-metallic lines from costa to inner margin, indistinct towards base, the three apical lines clearest and becoming whitish on costa ; between each pair as far as the sixth is an obscure leaden- metallic costal spot, only the last being distinct ; between the sixth and seventh is a small round leaden-metallic spot on disc above middle ; seventh line ending on hindmargin about middle ; a short curved transverse leaden-metallic line immediately before apex : cilia pale ochreous at apex, becoming fuscous-grey towards anal angle, with a broad leaden-metallic basal line. Hindwings dark fuscous-grey ; cilia grey, with a blackish line near base. . Forewings elongate, narrower than in male, not dilated, more suffused, the leaden-metallic markings tending to coalesce in pairs, so as to leave an oblique dark basal patch, central fascia, and costal spot before apex produced to anal angle. This species may be at once distinguished from I. ranulana by the leaden-metallic markings, and generally darker colouring ; the male especially is also broader-winged. Taken rather plentifully near Blackheath on the Blue Mountains, New South Wales, at a height of 3,600 feet, in October ; the male flying wildly in the hot sunshine round the tops of tall Eucalyptus bushes, the female keeping nearer the ground. I have also a male of this species taken near Sydney neaidy on the sea level, which differs only in being more suffused with smoky-fuscous, with the metallic markings broader and more obscure. 5. Atelodora, n. g. Thorax smooth. Antenna) in male serrated, shortly ciliated. Palpi moderately long, porrected, second joint triangularly scaled, BY E. MEYRICK B.A. 427 terminal joint exposed. Forewings elongate-oblong, costa rather strongly arched towards base, in male simple, apex nearly rectangular, hindmargin obliquely rounded beneath. Hind wings rounded-trapezoidal, as broad as forewings. Forewings with 11 veins, all separate ; vein 6 to hindmargin, 7 to costa. Hindwings with veins 3 and 4 remote at origin, 5 approximated to 4 at base, G and 7 stalked. Distinguishable by the possession of only 11 veins in the forewings, the normal veins 7 and 8 being no doubt coincident. In the American Amorbia, Clem., ( ' Hendecastema, Wlsm.y the male also has only 11 veins (the female has 12), but that genus belongs to a different group, in which veins 3 and 4 of hindwings rise from the same point, and differs besides in other characters. 1. A-tel. pelochytana, n. sp. $ 5 . 5"-6". Head, palpi, and thorax greyish-ochreous. Antenna} of male greyish-ochreous, of female whitish, annulated witli dark fuscous. Abdomen whitish-ochreous. Legs ochreous- white, anterior tibia) and tarsi dark fuscous. Forewings of male pale brownish- ochreous, of female darker, with a few transversely arranged scattered blackish scales ; some small blackish marks on inner margin : cilia of male whitish-ochreous, of female brownish-ochreous. Hindwings and cilia whitish, faintly tinged with ochreous. This species has a rather glossy appearance, and is almost unicolorous. I received specimens of this species from Mr. G-. H. Eaynor, who took it not uncommonly at Deloraine in Tasmania, in December, and at Murrurundi and Waratah on the Hunter River, New South Wales, late in September, amongst mixed scrub. 6. Aristocosma, n. g. Thorax smooth. Antennae in male serrate, with a double row of long ciliations. Palpi moderate, porrected, second joint 428 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, elongate-triangularly scaled, terminal joint distinct. Forewings rather triangular, costa rather abruptly arched near base, in male broadly folded towards base, apex nearly rectangular, hind- margin rather oblique, straight. Hind wings elongate-trapezoidal, narrower than forewings, apex somewhat produced. Forewings with veins 7 and 8 stalked, vein 7 running to hindmargin. Hindwings with veins 3 and 4 remote at origin, 5 approximated to 4 at base, 6 and 7 stalked. Differs from all the genera with veins 3 and 4 of hindwings remote at base, and 7 and 8 of forewings stalked, by the narrow- ness of the hindwings, which are distinctly less broad than the forewings, an unusual character in the group. The long ciliations of the antennse in the male also afford a good characteristic. 1. Arist. chrysophilana, Walk. fCaccecia ekrysopMlana, Walk., Brit. Mus. Cat. 315.) $ $ . G"-6i". Head and palpi bright ochreous. Antenna? ochreous-whitish, annulated with dark fuscous. Thorax reddish- ochreous. Abdomen brownish-ochreous, becoming dark fuscous posteriorly. Legs ochreous-whitish. Forewings in male deep reddish-ochreous, brighter and lighter towards inner margin, in female reddish-ochreous-brown ; a small semi-ovate yellowish- white blotch on middle of costa, posteriorly enclosing or cut by a small reddish-ochreous costal spot ; two very irregular trans- verse leaden-metallic lines from costa at one-third to inner margin, sharply angulated above middle ; before them are some faint metallic scales nearer base ; two other brighter leaden- metallic transverse lines from the white costal blotch, very irregular, angulated, broken and interrupted beneath costa, the anterior one divided into several spots ; two leaden-metallic lines from costa a little before apex, uniting shortly below costa and thence continued to hindmargin above anal angle ; a leaden- metallic apical mark, sometimes separated into three spots : cilia yellowish-white, on anal angle ochreous. Hindwings yellow, BY E. MEYEICK, B.A. 429 apical third blackish-fuscous, hindmargin very narrowly dark fuscous ; cilia dark fuscous. This beautiful and richly-coloured species has some general resemblance to such species as Teras holmiana and Tortrix berg- manniana, but is very different in structure ; the yellow hindwings are a noticeable point. I have two specimens, and have seen three others, taken near Sydney and Parramatta, New South "Wales, from August to October, flying in the afternoon sunshine or beaten from mixed scrub in rocky places. Walker's specimen is also from Sydney. 7. Adoxophyes, n. g. Thorax smooth. Antennae in male thickened, shortly ciliated. Palpi moderate, porrected, second joint triarigularly scaled, terminal joint distinct. Porewings oblong, costa rather strongly arched towards base, in male with a broad basal fold, apex rectangular, hindmargin hardly oblique, rounded. Hindwings rounded-trapezoidal, broader than forewings. Forewings with veins 7 and 8 stalked, 7 running to hindmargin, 3 rising from before lower angle of cell. Hindwings with veins 3 and 4 remote at origin, .5 approximated to 4 at base, 6 and 7 stalked. This genus comes near the following Acropolitis, from which the best distinction seems to lie in the absence of the thoracic crest ; the antenna) of the male are also much less strongly ciliated, and veins 6 and 7 of the hindwings are stalked. From Aristocosma it is separated by the much broader hindwings. 1. Adox. heteroidana, n.sp. $ . 6"-7". Head, palpi, antenna), and thorax pale ochreous. Abdomen and legs whitish-ochreous. Forewings short, broad, pale whitish-ochreous, irrorated with ochreous; costa faintly strigulated with ochreous ; basal patch indicated by several faintly darker transverse lines ; an irregular somewhat oblong fuscous or dark fuscous blotch on inner margin before middle, uniting 430 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, with tlio indications of a basal patch ; central fascia irregular, very oblique, running from costa slightly before middle to anal angle, moderately broad, contracted below costa, ochreous-brown or reddish-oehreous, mixed with dark fuscous on inner margin, its anterior edge distinct, angulated below middle, posterior edge suffused except on costa ; apex within a very oblique line from two-thirds of costa to middle of hiudmargin ochreous-brown mixed with paler towards hiudmargin ; cilia ochreous- whitish. Hindwings whitish, tinged with ochrcous posteriorly. $ . 10"- 11". Head, palpi, and thorax brownish-ochreous. Antenna) pale ochreous, obscurely annulated with fuscous. Abdomen pale ochreous. Forewings longer than in male, hind- margin rather sinuate beneath apex ; pale brownish-ochreous, thickly irrorated with darker, with ochreous-brown markings similar to those of male, but almost wholly suffused and very indistinct except on costa and inner margin : cilia ochreous-browu at apex, becoming whitish-ochreous at anal angle. Hindwings whitish-yellow, becoming deeper yellow posteriorly ; cilia yellow - whitish. This species has a strong superficial resemblance to some of the typical species of Cacxcia and Pandemia, and the sexual differences are similar to those which commonly occur in those genera, but the type of neuration is wholly different. I took four specimens (two males, two females) in the dense subtropical scrubs near llosewood, Queensland, in September ; they were beaten out of the thick vegetation characteristic of the volcanic soil in those districts. 8. Tiirixcopiiora, n.tj. Thorax with erect erest. Antennas in male ciliated. Palpi moderate, arched upwards, cippresscd to face, roughly scaled beneath. Forewings oblong, costa arched towards base, in male with broad basal fold, apex rectangular, hiudmargin rather obliquely rounded. Hindwings rounded-trapezoidal, broader BY E. MEYBJCK, B.A. 431 than forewings. Forewings with veins 7 and 8 stalked, vein 7 running to hindmargin. Hindwings with veins 3 and 4 remote at origin, 5 approximated to 4 at base. Nearly allied to Acropolitis, from which it only differs in the palpi, which are arched upwards and appressed to the face, rising nearly to the level of the crown, whilst in Acropolitis they are straight and horizontally porrected. This difference is well marked and apparently sufficient for generic distinction ; but I have not been able to make a thorough examination of the characters of this genus, for want of specimens. 1. Thrinc. impletana, Walk. f Tortrix impletana, Walk., Brit. Mus. Cat. 331.) $ ? . 12"-15". Head and thorax cinereous-grey. Forewings cinereous-grey, irrorated and strigulated with blackish-grey ; outer edge of basal patch represented by a black line from one- hf th of costa to one-fourth of inner margin, somewhat angulated in middle ; central fascia narrow, cloudy, dark grey, black- margined, from costa before middle, reaching half across wing, the black margins continued thence to meet inner margin (first before middle, second in middle) as slender black lines ; a short cloudy grey streak from middle of costa ; a cloudy grey triangular costal blotch about three-fourths, black-margined, its apex reaching more than half across wing, its margins thence confluent and produced as a black line to anal angle ; a slender grey black- margined streak from costa before apex to hindmargin above anal angle. Hindwings grey, paler towards base, spotted with darker. The above description is taken from the original types in the British Museum, and is necessarily not quite complete, but I think it is a sufficient diagnosis of the species. Walker's own description is extremely cursory, and evades describing the markings at all. 432 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, I have not taken this species, and know of no other specimens but the original types ; two of these are stated to be from Tas- mania, the third from "Australia," which probably means Tasmania in this case. 9. Acropolitis, n. g. Thorax with large double crest. Antennae in male thickened, serrate, strongly biciliated. Palpi moderately long, straight, porrected, second joint triangularly scaled, terminal joint distinct. Forewings oblong, costa in male broadly folded and bent before middle, in female evenly arched at base, thence nearly straight, apex rectangular, hindmargin obliquely rounded. Hindwiugs rounded-trapezoidal, broader than forewings. Forewings with veins 7 and 8 stalked, 7 running to hindmargin. Hindwings with veins 3 and 4 rising apart, 5 closely approximated at base to 4 or rising from the same point with it, 6 and 7 separate (in A. signigerana stalked). This genus forms the type of the group to which Adoxophyes, Tlirincoplwra, Pyrgotis, and (less intimately) Aristocosma belong ; characterised by veins 3 and 4 of hindwings rising apart but near together, 5 closely approximated to 4, forewings with veins 7 and 8 stalked, and broad costal fold in male. From Adoxophyes and Aristocosma it differs in the crested thorax, from Tlirincoplwra in the straight porrected palpi ; it is very near to Pyrgotis, and the only points of distinction that I have been able to define lie in the more oblong forewings, and the separation of veins 6 and 7 of hindwings, to which latter character A. signigerana presents an exception ; but the genera are readily separated by superficial characters, and I think will be found capable of definition. The species are mostly rather large and well-marked insects, having commonly a longitudinal black dash in the disc of fore- wings, and resemble some of the larger species of Capua, to which the genus is in fact nearly allied. In habit they are BY E. MEYKICK, B.A. 433 sluggish, and they appear to be rather restricted in distribution, and not generally plentiful. The six species known to me may be analytically arranged as follows : A. Thorax white .. .. .. .. ..2. magnana. B. Thorax whitish mixed with dark scales. 1. Forewings white, transversely strigulated with grey . . . . . . . . . . 1 . canana. 2. Forewings whitish, densely irrorated with grey. a. Forewings elongate ; veins 6 and 7 of hindwings stalked .. .. ..6. signigerana. b. Forewings short and broad .. ..4. passalotana. C. Thorax greyish-ochreous .. .. ..5. lignigerana. D. Thorax dark fuscous .. .. .. ..3. dolosana. 1. Acrop. canana, Walk. (Tortrix canana, Walk., Brit. Mus. Cat. 331.) <$ (?). about 11". Head and thorax whitish, irrorated with grey. Forewings white, with numerous slender irregular transverse fuscous-grey striguke ; outer edge of basal patch represented by an oblique blackish transverse line about one-fifth rather angulated in middle, apex of angulation connected with a short longitudinal blackish line in disc below middle ; central fascia represented by a grey black-margined spot on costa before middle, and a grey oblique streak on inner margin about two- thirds, not reaching half across wing ; beyond these is a small grey blotch in disc above middle, margined beneath by a short black longitudinal line ; a grey triangular blotch on costa towards apex, its apex expanded into a small irregular spot reaching half across wing, and black-margined ; an elongate cloudy-grey streak near hindmargin above anal angle. Hindwings whitish- grey, darker at apex. 434 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, Allied to A. magnana, but distinguishable by the white ground- colour of the forewings, and the gre}- irroration of the thorax, as well as by the differences of detail in the markings, and the absence of any ochreous tinge in the hindwings. Described from "Walker's original typo in the British Museum Collection, which is the only specimen that I have seen ; it is stated to bo from Moreton Bay, Queensland. Walker's description is wholly insufficient for identification. 2. Acrop. magnana, Walk. (Tortrix magnana, Walk., Brit. Mus. Cat. 330.) £ 11"- 1U", ? 14". Head dark fuscous, mixed with white on crown and behind. Palpi dark fuscous, internally white. Antenna) dark fuscous. Thorax white, anteriorly suffused with dark fuscous. Abdomen pale ochreous. Legs ochreous-whitish ; anterior tibise dark fuscous with two whitish rings, tarsi dark fuscous with slender whitish rings at apex of first two joints ; middle tibia) with two oblique dark fuscous bands, tarsi dark with whitish rings at apex of joints. Forewings broad, costa moderately arched, hindmargin strongly bowed outwards; fuscous mixed with darker ; costa strigulated with dark fuscous ; a very irregular broad transverse whitish band about one-third, clouded with pale fuscous and coarsely sprinkled with blackish, very strongly angulated outwards a little above middle, broadly and irregularly dilated on inner margin ; the enclosed basal patch is irregularly spotted with black ; beyond this band is a small blackish costal spot, and in tho centre of the disc is a broad (in female very narrow) linear longitudinal black mark, its base resting on the lower side of the angulation of the band, its margins gradually suffused into the ground-colour, its apical extremity concave, followed by a few whitish scales ; a somewhat curved blackish line from two-thirds of costa to anal angle, preceded by a rather broad irregular band, of which the upper half is hardly paler than tho ground-colour, the lower half white shading BY E. MEYBJCK, B.A. 435 rapidly into ground-colour except posteriorly, so as to leave an obscurely defined oval patch ; an irregular narrow subapical white band from middle of hindmargin nearly to costa before apex, dilated above, rather sharply margined with dark fuscous, and containing several fuscous scales : cilia with basal third barred with dark fuscous and white, remainder greyish-ochreous. . Hindwings pale greyish-ochreous, spotted obscurely with darker, hindmargin narrowly dark ochreous-grey ; cilia whitish-ochreous with an ochreous-grey parting-line. Broader-winged than the other species of the genus, and readily known by the white markings on a dark ground, and the ochreous tint of hindwings ; it is a handsome and very distinct species. I took five specimens (four males, one female) at rest on a fence during a high wind, near Sydney, in October. Walker's type is also from Sydney ; his description, though incomplete, is epiite recognisable. 3. Acrop. dolosana, Walk. (Tortrix dolosana, Walk., Brit. Mus. Cat. 331). $ . 10". Head, palpi, antennao, and thorax dark fuscous. Abdomen greyish-ochreous. Legs greyish-ochreous, anterior tibia) and tarsi dark fuscous. Forewings moderate, costa some- what bent before middle ; dull greyish-fuscous, costa obscurely strigulated with dark fuscous ; an irregular dark fuscous blotch in middle of disc, extending to costa, becoming longitudinally blackish in the centre, anteriorly sharply margined, elsewhere suffused into ground-colour ; connected with the anterior edge of this blotch below middle is a short linear, anteriorly sharply dilated, black mark ; nearer base are two or three small irregular blackish spots ; a dark fuscous irregular line from a little beyond middle of costa to anal angle, rather concave and distinct anteriorly, posteriorly suffused ; between it and central 436 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, blotch is a short black longitudinal streak in middle of disc ; beyond the oblique line are two or three obscure dark fuscous transverse lines from costa, uniting -with it : cilia greyish-fuscous, barred with dark grey, and with a slender black waved basal line. Hindwings fuscous-grey, cilia rather darker, with a dark basal line. $ . 13". Forewings rather abruptly arched near base, dull greyish-fuscous indistinctly clouded with darker ; markings as in male but very suffused and indistinct, central blotch obscured, black longitudinal streaks before and beyond middle slender but clearly perceptible. Hiudwings more ochreous-tinged than in male. Recognisable in both sexes by its dark and suffused colouring. Described from my own specimens, the identity of which with Walker's species is not absolutely assured ; Walker's type is a single female (one of the Geometrina has been subsequently added as a second example), of which the forewings appear to be some- what roughened with raised scales, and more blackish-tinged ; but in the absence of sufficient material I think it will be best to consider the specimens as forming only a single species. I have two specimens (male and female) taken near Melbourne by Mr. Or. H. Raynor. Walker's specimen is from Tasmania. Note. — I have another female of this genus (also from Mel- bourne), which may either be a variety of the above, or a new species; it is smaller (11A-") but similar in shape, the forewings more variegated with lighter fuscous and ochreous, the hindwings pale ochreous spotted with grey, with dark grey hindmargin. 4, Acrop. passalotana, n. s]). $ . 9". Head, palpi, and thorax whitish mixed with fuscous. (Antennao broken.) Abdomen pale ochreous, whitish on sides. Legs whitish, anterior tibia) and tarsi banded with dark fuscous. Forewings short and broad, costa rather strongly arched towards BY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 437 base ; whitish, closely irrorated with greyish-fuscous, especially towards apex ; costa and inner margin marked with small dark fuscous spots ; an irregular outwardly curved transverse dark fuscous line near base; a subquadrate dark fuscous spot on costa before middle ; a strong black longitudinal mark in middle of disc, sharply margined above and in front, beneath bordered by a small dark fuscous blotch ; from its posterior extremity proceed two irregular obscure blackish lines to costa between middle and three-fourths, enclosing a suffused fuscous blotch, and a sharper black waved line to anal angle, anteriorly margined with fuscous : cilia fuscous mixed with whitish. Hind wings grey, darker towards apex, and indistinctly mottled with darker ; cilia grey, with a darker basal line. This insect appears so distinct, that it is worth describing even in the absence of the male, which has doubtless special differences. It differs from the female of all other species in the genus by the comparative shortness and breadth of the forewings, and the strength and conspicuousness of the longitudinal black discal streak. I took one specimen in the bush-clad ranges near Toowoomba, Queensland, about 2,000 feet above the sea, in September. 5. Acrop. lignigerana, Walk. (Pcedisca lignigerana, Walk., Brit. Mus. Cat. 380.) $ . 10A-"-12^". Head, palpi, and thorax greyish-ochreous, irrorated with darker. Antennre ochreous-fuscous. Abdomen ochreous. Legs whitish-ochreous, anterior and middle tibiae and tarsi broadly banded with dark fuscous. Forewings moderate, costa somewhat bent about middle ; whitish-ochreous irrorated with fuscous, becoming whitish at apex and above anal angle ; costa and inner margin very shortly strigulated with blackish ; a small erect whitish tuft on inner margin at one-fourth ; a small oblique dark fuscous blotch on costa at one-fourth ; a slender 438 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICBO-LEI'IDOPTERA, irregular, more or less interrupted, blackish longitudinal line from centre of disc to hindmargin above middle, beneath posterior part of which is a slenderer parallel similar line ; a subquadrate dark fuscous blotch below middle of disc, its upper edge parallel to the blackish line, lower edge suffused ; connected with its anterior edge is a short irregular longitudinal dark fuscous mark, and the basal portion of wing is obscurely spotted with fuscous ; a suffused triangular dark fuscous blotch on costa at three-fourths, its apex connected with a roundish dark fuscous blotch before middle of hindmargin ; a small elongate dark fuscous blotch on hindmargin above middle : cilia ochreous-whitish, barred with dark fuscous. Hind wings fuscous-grey, cilia whitish with a grey basal liue. Nearly allied to the succeeding A. signigerana, but larger and more ochreous-grey, and without the distinct ochreous discal patch of that species in the male. Walker's type is poor, but appears to be really this species ; his description is inadequate. I have two specimens (males) sent by Mr. Gk Barnard from Coomooboolaroo, near Duaringa, Northern Queensland ; Walker's specimen is from Moreton Bay, Queensland. 6. Acrop. signigerana, Walk. fTortrixsignigerana)Waik.)'Biit.'M.us. Cat. 332; Sciaphilarudisana, ibid. 349 ; Penthina indecretana, ibid. 377.) $. 8"- 10?,". Head, palpi, and thorax whitish mixed with ashy-grey and black scales, shoulders tinged with ochreous. Antennse dark fuscous. Abdomen ochreous-grey. Legs whitish, anterior and middle tibia) and tarsi banded with blackish. Fore- wings rather elongate, costa somewhat bent before middle ; whitish, thickly strewn with ashy-grey and dark fuscous scales ; costa indistinctly strigulated with dark fuscous ; a small ochreous basal spot beneath costal fold, and an ochreous spot on inner margin near base ; some irregular fuscous spots about one-third ; BY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 439 a strong sharply-defined black longitudinal mark in middle of disc, its anterior extremity connected with an oblique dark fuscous streak running to costa at one-third, and also produced a little beneath towards inner margin ; above the black mark is a suffused ochreous patch ; below it is a fuscous-grey cloud, suffusedly continued to anal angle ; a cloudy fuscous-grey triangular blotch on apical third of costa, from apex of which proceeds a very irregularly waved cloudy-grey streak to hind- margin above anal angle ; a small elongate cloudy-grey blotch on middle of hindmargin : cilia whitish, basal third separated by an interrupted dark fuscous line and barred with dark fuscous. Hindwings fuscous grey ; cilia fuscous-grey, extreme tips and base whitish. $. 11A-". Forewings with costa moderately arched near base ; markings as in male, but the ochreous tints generally replaced by grey, central black mark extremely slender, basal patch more distinctly but very irregularly indicated. Hindwings slightly paler than in male, spotted with darker. The narrowest-winged species of the genus, distinguished by its ashy-grey tints and the ochreous cliscal patch of the male ; it also has veins 6 and 7 of hindwings stalked, and therefore approximates to Pyrgotis, but is too intimately allied to the preceding species to be separated from it. Tolerably common and generally distributed ; I have usually found it at rest on tree-trunks. It occurs at Sydney and Parramatta, at Melbourne, and at Helidon in Queensland ; from September to November. The types of Walter's descriptions quoted above are all referable to this species ; that of Sciaph. rudisana is much worn, the others are normal. 10. Pyrgotis, n. g. Thorax with large broad erect crest. Antennas in male thickened, strongly ciliated. Palpi moderate, porrected, second 440 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, joint shortly triangular- sealed, terminal joint distinct. Forewings triangular, posteriorly much dilated, costa in male with broad basal fold, hardly arched, not bent, apex rather produced, hind- margin sinuate. Hindwings rounded-trapezoidal, broader than forewings. Forewings with veins 7 and 8 stalked, 7 running to hinclmargin. Hindwings with veins 3 and 4 separate at origin but very near together, 5 closely approximated to 4 at base, 6 and 7 stalked. Nearly allied to Acropolitia, but veins 6 and 7 of hindwings are always stalked, the costa of forewings is hardly bent in the male, the apex is always more or less produced and the hind- margin sinuate beneath it, whilst in Acropolitis the apex is rectangular. The species are rather brightly coloured with ochreous or ferruginous tints. I am acquainted with one Australian species, and four from New Zealand, which may be thus tabulated : A. Forewings reddish-ochreous, with two dark ferruginous dorsal spots .. .. . .1. insignana. B. Forewings pale ochreous with dark fuscous fascia and markings. 1 . An inwardly oblique streak from costa at three-fourths, meeting central fascia . .2. plagiatana. 2 . A small sharply defined dark spot on costa at three-fourths. a. Cilia of forewings ochreous .. ..4. conclitana. b. Cilia of forewings dark fuscous . . . .3. gavisana. C. Forewings greyish-ochreous, shading into dark reddish-brown posteriorly .. .. ..5. porphyreana. 1. Pyrg. insignana, n. sp. $ ? . 6". Head, palpi, and antennae reddish-ochreous. Thorax deep reddish-ochreous, crest large, dark ferruginous. Abdomen ochreous. Legs ochreous-whitish, anterior and middle tibiee and BY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 441 tarsi broadly banded with dark fuscous. Fore wings triangular, costa very slightly arched, apex somewhat produced, hindmargin sinuate, slightly oblique ; dark reddish-ochreous, somewhat deeper towards base and inner margin ; two small sharply-defined dark ferruginous spots on inner margin, first rather near base, semiovate, second in middle, acute-triangular, erect, reaching nearly half across wing, slenderly margined with pale yellowish ; cilia dark reddish-ochreous, with a blackish apical line. Hind- wings in male grey-whitish, tinged with pale reddish-ochreous, except at base, in female light ochreous-grey ; cilia whitish, with a grey basal line. This, the only Australian representative of the genus, is very distinct in markings, and could not be confused with any other known species of the group. I have three specimens (two males, one female) taken at Blackheath in the Blue Mountains, New South Wales, at an elevation of 3,600 feet, and near Brisbane ; I have also seen a specimen from near Melbourne. These were taken in September and October, and (probably a. second generation) in March, flying in the afternoon sunshine amongst Eucalyptus scrub. 2. Pyrg. plagiatana, Walk. ( Conchylis plagiatana, Walk. , Brit. Mus. Cat. 370 ; Conchylis recusana ibid. 371 ; Grapliolitha punana, Feld., Eeis. Nov., pi. cxxxvii, 43 ; ? G. xylinana, ibid. 44.) <$ . 7"-Sh". Head, palpi, and antenna) ochreous-grey- whitish, palpi beneath mixed with dark fuscous. Thorax grey-whitish, irregularly suffused with ochreous ; crest large, dark brownish- ochreous, in front mixed with black. Abdomen whitish-ochreous. Legs whitish, anterior and middle tibire and tarsi suffused with dark smoky -fuscous. Fore- wings triangular, costa hardly arched until just before apex, apex rather strongly produced, hindmargin oblique ; whitish, more or less (sometimes wholly) suffused with 1C 442 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, pale ochreous, becoming darker towards inner margin ; an oclireous-fuscous or dark fuscous angulated fascia close to base, starting obliquely from one-sixth of costa, sharply angulated in middle, ending at one-fifth of inner margin, the upper portion often partially obsolete ; costal fold ochreous ; costa irregularly strigulated with dark fuscous ; inner margin often obscurely suffused with dark fuscous, especially towards base ; a straight oblique rather narrow ochreous-fuscous or dark fuscous fascia from one-third of costa to inner margin a little before apex, dilated and enclosing a small pale spot on costa, thence straight and uniting with the other fascia below middle of wing, so as to enclose a large pale costal triangle ; a broad irregularly oval fuscous blotch almost on hindmargin above anal angle, darkest above, sometimes uniting with extremity of second oblique fascia ; a short dark fuscous irregular streak from apex close to hind- margin : cdia rather pale ochreous, with two slender grey-fuscous lines near base. Hindwings whitish, faintly tinged with ochreous at apex, spotted with grey, especially towards base and inner margin ; cilia whitish. A variable species, differing much in the intensity of colouring, but generally to be known by the tolerably well-defined pale costal triangle enclosed by the fuscous fascire ; it has also a more variegated appearance than the two following species, to which it is nearly allied. The species appears to be common and generally distributed in New Zealand ; I took it plentifully near Dunedin in January, and also at Christchurch and Wellington ; and one of "Walker's types is from Auckland ; it occurs amongst ordinary bush. All my specimens are however males, and I have not met with the female ; the types described by Walker are ordinary varieties. 3. Pyrg. gavisana, Walk. fPandemis gavisana, Walk., Brit, Mus. Cat. 312 ; Conchylis marginana, ibid. 371.) BY E. MEYBJCK, B.A. 443 $ . 6"-8". Head and thorax pale ochreous. Abdomen ochreous- whitish. Forewings moderate, costa rather arched towards base, somewhat sinuate bej'ond middle, apex somewhat produced, hindmargin rather oblique ; pale ochreous ; central fascia oblique, dark ochreous-brown, starting from costa before middle, reaching half across wing, its anterior edge thence obscurely produced to inner margin before anal angle ; a small triangular dark ochreous-fuscous blotch on costa about three- fourths ; cilia dark fuscous, extremities pale. Hindwings whitish. Described from Walker's types, which are the only specimens I have seen. The species appears to be really distinct ; it may be at once known from the preceding and following by the conspicuously contrasted dark fuscous cilia of the forewings. The locality of the two specimens is merely given as New Zealand. 4. Pyrg. conditana, Walk. f Tents conditana, Walk., Brit. Mus. Cat. 306.) <$ . 10". Head and thorax pale ochreous. Abdomen grey- whitish. Forewings moderate, apex somewhat produced, hind- margin rather oblique ; light brownish-ochreous ; central fascia rather broad, irregular, oblique, dark fuscous, upper half clearly marked, lower half suffused and indistinct ; a small flattened semi-oval blotch on costa about three-fourths ; cilia light ochre- ous. Hindwings whitish, faintly ochreous-tinged, scantily spotted with grey. I have only seen Walker's type ; it is possible that it may be the male of the preceding species, but the ochreous cilia and differently shaped costal spot seem to afford sufficient grounds for distinction. The type is stated to be from Auckland, New Zealand, and is in very poor condition. 5. Pyrg. porphyreana, n. sp. $ . 7". Head and antennse whitish-ochreous. Palpi rather long, purple-fuscous, internally whitish. Thorax pale ochreous, 444 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, irrorated with fuscous on margins. Abdomen pale ochreous. Legs whitish-ochreous, anterior and middle tibioe and tarsi suffused with dark fuscous except at apex of joints. Forewings triangular, costa sligktly bent before middle, apex very sligktly produced, kindmargin oblique ; ligkt greyisk-ockreous at base, becoming ockreous in middle, skading into dark reddisk-ockreous- brown along kindmargin, wkere it appears to form a broad suffused band ; tke wkole surface of tke wing is strewn with numerous small obscure spots of pale leaden scales ; costal fold dark fuscous ; costal edge very narrowly wkite from extremity of fold to a little before apex : cilia redclisk-ockreous-brown, at anal angle fuscous-grey, extremities wkite. Hindwings whitish - grey, spotted witk darker grey, apex darker ; cilia wkitisk-grey, witk a darker basal line. A very distinct species ; I took one specimen amongst scrub near Wellington, New Zealand, in January. 11. Capua, Stepk. Tkorax smootk, or sligktly crested. Antennae in male tkickened, somewhat dentate, strongly ciliated. Palpi moderate or rather long, straight, porrected, second joint triangularly scaled. Forewings short, subtriangular, costa in male with broad basal fold, bent before middle, thence nearly straight, hindmargin oblique, hardly rounded ; in male often with an expansible tuft of hairs beneath costal fold. Hindwings rather elongate, broader than forewings. Forewings with veins 7 and 8 stalked, vein 7 running to hindmargin. Hindwings with veins 3 and 4 from a point or short-stalked, 5 moderately approximated to 4 at base, 6 and 7 stalked. Tkis genus forms tke typo of a group ckaracterised by veins 3 and 4 of hindwings rising from the same point, 7 and 8 of forewings springing from the same stalk, and the presence of the costal fold in the male. It differs from the other Australian members of the group, Asthenoptycha and Acrocetithes, in the BY E. MEYRICK B.A. 445 breadth and completeness of the costal fold, which in those genera is very short and imperfect ; from the North American Platynota in the absence of tufts of raised scales on the forewings ; from the South American Cerorrluncta in the shorter palpi and absence of scaly dilation of the antenna?. The species are mostly rather small insects, and usually of sombre colouring ; some are very plentiful and of general occur- rence. In superficial features they bear a close analogy to Dichelia. which genus only differs by the absence of the costal fold in male. There is only one European species ; two have been described from North America, and I have ten Australian and two New Zealand species, which are hereafter described. These latter may be thus distinguished : A. Forewings yellow, with two perpendicular blackish fasciae .. .. .. ..12. plathanana. B. Forewings pale whitish-ochreous. 1. Head whitish. ochreous. a. Forewings with a dark fuscous longi- tudinal streak above fold . . . . 4. hemicosmana. b. Forewings without a dark fuscous longitudinal streak . . . . . . 2. decolor ana. 2. Head blackish-fuscous . . . . . . 3. vacuana. C. Forewings white . . . . . . ..11. scutif erana. D. Forewings grey- whitish, irrorated with darker. 1. Markings dark fuscous, black-margined 5. melancrocana. 2. Markings suffused fuscous-grey . . .. 1. aoristana. E. Forewings grey-whitish coarsely [irrorated with ochreous-reddish . . . . . . G. montanana. F. Forewings brownish. 1. With pale greyish-ochreous space beneath costal fold .. .. .. ..10. obfuscatana. 446 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEP1DOPTERA, 2. Without pale greyish-ochreous space beneath costal fold. a. Basal patch darker than ground-colour 9. sordidatana. b. Basal patch not darker, only outer edge indicated. i. Face dark fuscous . . . . . . 7. chiuierinana. ii. Face pale ochreous . . . . . . 8. semiferana. 1. Cap. aoristana, n. sp. (J . 6^"-6.V". Head, palpi, and thorax ochreous-grey-whitish, mixed with darker. Palpi elongate, more than twice as long as head, irrorated on sides with dark fuscous. Antennas grey- whitish, slenderly annulated with dark fuscous. Abdomen greyish-ochreous. Legs whitish, anterior and middle tibise and tarsi suffused with dark Jfuscous-grey above. Forewings posteriorly dilated, rather broad, costa moderately arched, some- what bent before middle, hindmargin nearly straight, rather oblique : ochreous-whitish, thinly irrorated with whitish-grey ; costa and inner margin obscurely strigulated with fuscous-grey ; basal patch represented by an obscure ochreous-grey or fuscous - grey outwardly oblique streak from one-third of inner margin, reaching more than half across wing ; central fascia suffused, obscure fuscous-grey, only distinct on costa, moderately narrow, straight, running from middle of costa to inner margin before anal angle ; an irregular obscure brownish-grey cloud on costa at three-fourths, suff usedly produced nearly to anal angle ; cilia ochreous-whitish, with a slender dark grey lino near base. Hind- wings grey, faintly spotted with darker, apex darker ; cilia whitish-grey, with a darker basal line. This species has an indistinct and faded appearance, from the faintness of its markings, but does not approach very nearly to any other, being further distinguished by the elongation of its palpi ; in form of wing it is very similar to Pyry. purphyreana. BY E. JIEYRICK, B.A. 447 I took two males at Wellington, New Zealand, amongst forest growth in January ; and later another at Auckland. 2. Cap. decolorana, Walk. ( Grapliolita decolorana. Walk., Brit. Mus. Cat. 392.) $ ? . 6"-6|". Head, palpi, antennae, thorax and abdomen pale whitish-ochreons. Legs ochreous-whitish, anterior and middle tarsi dark fuscous towards base of joints. Forewings moderate, costa gently arched, slightly bent before middle, hind- margin almost straight, oblique ; pale whitish-ochreous, some- times irregularly suffused with darker ochreous ; costa and inner margin irregularly strigulated with dark fuscous ; a small oblique ochreous-fuscous spot below middle at one-third from base, posteriorly blackish-edged, representing angle of an obsolete basal patch ; central fascia very oblique, from before middle of costa to anal angle, ochreous-fuscous mixed posteriorly with dark fuscous, narrow on costa, lower two-thirds much dilated but anteriorly suffused ; a subquadrate oclireous-f uscous spot on costa before apex, its angle towards middle of disc somewhat produced ; an irregular obscure dark fuscous line from apex along hind- margin : cilia whitish-ochreous, extremities mixed with dark fuscous, especially towards anal angle ; costal fold of male with an expansible tuft of whitish hairs. Hindwings and cilia whitish or pale grey. Distinguished from the other pale ochreous species by its much lighter markings ; it is also proportionately rather broader-winged and the central fascia is conspicuously dilated on its lower two- thirds. I have six specimens, taken at Sydney, Bulli, and Murrurundi, New South Wales, in October and April, amongst dry scrub ; and have also seen others from Launceston, in Tasmania, and from Melbourne. Walker's type is from Sydney. 448 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEI'LDOPTERA, 3. Cap. vacuana, Walk. fConchjlis vacuana, Walk., Brit. Mus. Cat., 367 ; Grapholita mutatana, ibid. 393.) $ $ . 5"-7". Head blackish-fuscous, becoming greyish- ockreous behind, especially in female. Palpi blackisk-fuscous. Antennas whitish-ochreous, in female annulated with dark fuscous. Thorax whitish-ochreous, sometimes anteriorly greyish-fuscous. Abdomen whitish-ochreous. Legs ochreous-whitish, anterior and middle tibia) and tarsi suffused with dark fuscous. Fore- wings rather elongate, costa in male moderately arched, in female rather straighter, hindmargin straight, very oblique ; pale whitish-ochreous, irregularly mixed with ochreous, costa and inner, margin irregularly strigulated with dark fuscous ; basal patch represented only by five or six irregularly scattered blackish dots ; central fascia very oblique, from before middle of costa to inner margin before anal angle, dark fuscous, narrow, not dilated, clearly denned and black-margined ; costa in male narrowly dark fuscous towards base ; a small dark fuscous black- margined triangular spot on costa at two-thirds, from apex of which proceeds a slender blackish line to anal angle ; another slender blackish line crosses the wing between this and apex ; a sharply-marked blackish hindmarginal streak from beneath apex to a little above anal angle : cilia pale ochreous, with a dark grey apical spot, and dark fuscous basal line becoming obsolete towards anal angle. Hind wings and cilia whitish-grey, some- what darker posteriorly. Immediately recognisable from the allied species by the blackish-fuscous head ; it is a rather neatly marked insect, some- what resembling: Bich. clarana. *o Common and generally distributed ; it occurs near Sydney, Parramatta, and Bulli, in New South Wales ; near Melbourne ; at Launceston in Tasmania ; and at Brisbane, Helidon, and BY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 449 Toowooniba, in Queensland ; during October, and from December to February, amongst thin bush. 4. Cap. hemicosmana, n. sp. $ $ , 5|". Head, palpi, and thorax whitish-ochreous, some- what mixed with darker. Antennas whitish-ochreous, annulated with dark fuscous. Abdomen pale greyish-ochreous. Legs whitish, anterior pair suffused with dark fuscous, middle tarsi banded with dark fuscous. Forewings rather elongate, costa gently arched, in male somewhat bent before middle, hindmargin straight, oblique ; very pale whitish-ochreous, costa obscurely strigulated with dark fuscous, costal edge in male suffusedly dark fuscous towards base ; a blackish suffused somewhat inter- rupted longitudinal streak above the submedian fold from near base to about middle ; outer edge of basal patch obscurely indicated in female by a dark fuscous outwardly oblique line from costa at one-fourth, ending in the longitudinal streak ; central fascia dark fuscous mixed with blackish, rather narrow, very oblique, from before middle of costa, reaching only half across wing, beneath truncate and margined by a longitudinal black line, of which the posterior extremity is somewhat produced and bent downwards ; a moderately large triangular dark fuscous costal blotch, mixed with blackish, extending on costa from middle to a little before apex, sharply defined, apex blackish and reaching half across wing ; anal angle and lower part of hind- margin obscurely clouded with faint grey ; a short linear blackish streak from apex along upper part of hindmargin : cilia pale whitish-ochreous, with a blackish-grey line near base. Hind- wings whitish-grey; cilia whitish, with a faint grey line near base. Closely allied to C. racuana, but apart from the whitish-ochre- ous head, easily known by the markings extending only across the costal half of the f orewings, and by the blackish longitudinal discal streak. 450 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LFPIDOPTERA, Mr. Gr. H. Raynor took two specimens (male and female) at Warragul in Gippsland, Victoria, in December. 5. Cap. melancrocana, n. sp. $ $ . 7"-8". Head and palpi dark fuscous, in female mixed with pale grey. Antenna) dark fuscous, slenderly annulated with whitish. Thorax pale grey, anterior margin broadly dark fuscous. Abdomen pale ochreous-grey. Legs whitish, anterior and middle tibiae dark fuscous, all tarsi dark fuscous with whitish rings at apex of joints. Forewings moderate, somewhat dilated, especially in male, costa in male rather strongly arched, some- what bent in middle, in female moderately arched towards base, hindmargin oblique ; pale whitish-grey, with very faint transverse lines of pale purplish-grey and sometimes of blackish scales ; costa and inner margin strongly strigulated with blackish ; basal patch represented in male by a broad blackish outwardly oblique streak from one fourth of inner margin, reaching half across wing, in female obsolete ; central fascia oblique, from before middle of costa to inner margin at two-thirds, dark fuscous, sharply margined with blackish, in male obsolete on costa, in female distinct throughout, upper half narrow, lower half abruptly and broadly dilated, the posterior margin being suddenly bent out in middle ; a semicircular dark fuscous-grey blackish- margined patch en costa at two-thirds ; a small irregular dark fuscous blotch near hindmargin above anal angle, connected with hindmargin by a blackish line ; a strong black line along hindmargin : cilia pale whitish-grey, suffused with reddish- ochreous along hindmargin, with a blackish line near base. Hindwings pale grey, spotted with darker ; cilia pale grey, with a darker basal line. Distinguished from all other species of the genus by the character of the sharply-defined dark fuscous-grey black-margined markings on a pale grey ground ; a vory similar type of colour- ing is found in Caccccia lythrodana. RY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 451 Taken at Sydney and Parramatta, in September and October, amongst dry bush in sheltered places, generally flying near the ground ; it is restricted in locality and not common. 6. Cap. montanana, n. sp. <£. 7 }2". Head brownish-grey. Palpi brownish-grey, in- ternally whitish, beneath mixed with dark fuscous. Antenncc greyish-ochreous. Thorax ochreous-brown, dark fuscous in middle. Abdomen silvery-grey, anal tuft whitish-ochreous. Legs ochreous-whitish, anterior and middle tibise and tarsi suffusedly banded with dark fuscous. Forewings elongate, somewhat dilated, costa gently arched, not bent, hindmargin very oblique, an expansible tuft of whitish hairs beneath costal fold ; grey- whitish, coarsely and irregularly strewn with ochreous- reddish scales, especially in centre of disc and towards apex ; costa and inner margin irregularly strigulated with blackish, costa marked with four larger blackish spots between middle and apex ; basal patch indicated by a transverse dark fuscous line from before one-fourth of costa to one-fourth of inner margin, angulated above middle ; a small triangular dark fuscous spot on inner margin before middle ; central fascia indistinct, irregular, from before middle of costa to inner margin before anal angle, brownish-red, suffused with blackish above and below middle, and on costa and inner margin ; a triangular dark fuscous blotch on anal angle, its apex connected with a small irregular dark fuscous blotch in disc above middle at two-thirds from base ; a blackish elongate streak along hindmargin ; cilia pale ochreous, reddish-tinged at apex, becoming whitish at anal angle, with a blackish line near base along hindmargin. Hindwings light grey, indistinctly spotted with darker ; cilia whitish-grey, with an indistinct darker grey basal line. Eeadily distinguished by the ochreous-reddish irroration on a grey-whitish ground, and the definiteness of the markings. 452 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, One male, taken at Blackkeath in the Blue Mountains, New South Wales, about 3,600 feet above the sea, in March, amongst low heathy scrub. 7. Cap. chimerinana, n. sp. £ . 5|"-7£". Head ochreous-brown, face dark fuscous. Palpi dark fuscous, internally whitish. Antennao whitish-ochreous, an- nulated with dark fuscous. Thorax ochreous-brown, mixed with dark fuscous. Abdomen greyish-ochreous, anal tuft whitish- ochreous. Legs whitish-ochreous, anterior and middle pair suffused above with dark fuscous. Fore wings rather elongate, somewhat dilated, costa moderately arched, hardly bent, hind- margin nearly straight, oblique, costal fold enclosing an expan- sible tuft of pale grey hairs ; brownish-ochreous or ochreous- brown, thinly or sometimes densely sprinkled with dark fuscous : costa and inner margin obscurely strigulated with dark fuscous, sometimes suffused ; basal patch obsolete, sometimes represented by one or two faint transverse lines or scattered blackish dots; a small obscure dark fuscous subquadrate spot on inner margin before middle ; central fascia oblique, from middle of costa to inner margin just before anal angle, dark fuscous, moderately narrow, broadest below middle, its anterior edge nearly straight, posterior edge with a short abrupt semicircular excavation slightly above middle ; a broadly triangular dark fuscous patch on costa hardly before apex ; an obscure elongate dark fuscous streak on middle of hindmargin, sometimes suffused : cilia ochreous or whitish- ochreous, with a blackish or dark grey line near base. Hindwings grey, indistinctly spotted with darker ; cilia grey, with a darker basal line. This and the three following species form a closely allied group, the members of which are very similar and obscure in colouring, and often difficult to separate, especially as they all present some range of variation. This species comes nearest to the New Zealand C. xemiferana, from which it can only bo distinguished BY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 453 with certainty by the dark fuscous face ; from C. sordidatana it is also separated by the same character, as well as by the slightly narrower forewings, and the obsolescence of the basal patch ; C. olfuscatana is smaller, shorter, and broader- winged, usually with a distinct pale ochreous space beneath the costal fold, and the darker markings almost wholly suffused and obliterated. Tolerably common near Sydney and Parramatta amongst dry bush, in June, and from October to December. 8. Cap. semiferana, Walk. (Teras semiferana, "Walk., Brit. Mus. Cat. 306 ; Sciaphila detritana, ibid. 356 ; Tinea admotella, ibid. 485 ; Grapholita alnegatana, ibid. 991.) $ $ . 5i"-7". Head ochreous-grey or ochreous-brown, face pale ochreous. Palpi pale ochreous, dark fuscous on sides. Antennae pale ochreous, annulated with dark fuscous. Thorax dark greyish-ochreous or fuscous. Abdomen greyish-ochreous, anal tuft of male pale ochreous. Legs ochreous-whitish, anterior and middle tibire and tarsi dark fuscous ringed with pale ochre- ous. Forewings moderate, in male dilated, costa moderately arched, hardly bent, hindmargin nearly straight, oblique ; in female more elongate, not dilated, costa arched towards base, hindmargin more rounded ; brownish-ochreous or ochreous-brown, often irregularly transversely strigulated with dark fuscous ; costa and inner margin coarsely strigulated with blackish ; basal patch distinctly indicated in male by a blackish spot at base of costa and a blackish inwardly oblique streak from disc near base to inner margin, in female obsolete ; central fascia oblique, from before middle of costa to inner margin before anal angle, dark fuscous, containing a blackish longitudinal mark above middle, lower half often obsolete, anterior edge distinct, waved, posterior edge generally uniting with a dark fuscous triangular patch on costa before apex so as to form a larger triangular blotch ; an elongate dark fuscous cloud near middle of hindmargin, often 454 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPLDOPTERA, connected with the costal patch, in female obliterated ; a blackish interrupted hindmarginal line : cilia pale ochreous, paler towards anal angle, with a darker basal line. This species shows a good deal of variability in size, and in distinctness of marking ; some of the forms approach very closely to C. chimerinana, but always differ in the pale ochreous face, and in the possession of a distinct blackish longitudinal mark in the middle of the central fascia. From C. sordidatana it is distinguished by the narrower forewings, the incomplete indica- tions of a basal patch, and the generally lighter and less suffused ground-colour. I took the species commonly amongst scrub near Dunedin and Christchurch, New Zealand, in January ; and later in the same month three specimens of a small and more variegated form in the swampy forest near Hamilton, on the Waikato River ; these latter were probably a second generation. "Walker's types of SciapMla detritana and Tinea admotella are exceedingly poor in condition, but appear to be correctly referred. 9. Cap. sordidatana, n. sp. $ $ . 6"-8-J-". Head greyish-brown, face paler. Palpi dark fuscous, internally whitish. Antenna) whitish-ochreous, an- nulated with dark fuscous. Thorax greyish-brown, suffused with dark fuscous. Abdomen ochreous-grey, anal tuft of male dull whitish mixed with grey. Legs ochreous-whitish, anterior tibia) suffused with dark fuscous, antei'ior and middle tarsi banded with dark fuscous. Forewings moderately broad, in male short, dilated, costa rather strongly arched and bent before middle, hindmargin straight, oblique, in female more elongate, costa strongly but evenly arched towards base ; dull reddish-grey- brown, irregularly mixed witli pale greyish-ochereous scales ; costa and inner margin coarsely and obscurely strigulated witli blackish, often partially suffused ; basal patch small, obscure BY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 455 dark fuscous, its outer edge distinct, obtusely angulated outwards, in male forming a black oblique spot below the angle ; central fascia distinct on costa before middle, obscure dark fuscous, extending to a blackish longitudinal mark in middle of disc (in female obsolete), thence obliterated on the inner edge faintly traceable (especially in female) ; an indistinct broadly triangular dark fuscous blotch on costa towards apex ; a roundish dark fuscous blotch on anal angle, anteriorly indistinct and suffused, posteriorly distinct, often connected above with the costal triangular blotch ; a small triangular elongate dark fuscous blotch on middle of hindmargin ; all these markings are veiy obscure and often suffused : cilia grey-whitish mixed with ochreous, with two suffused blackish-grey lines, often more or less distinctly chequered. Hindwings grey, faintly spotted with darker ; cilia pale grey, with a dark grey basal line. A very dull and obscure-looking species ; broader-winged and rather larger than either C. chimerinana or C. semiferana, with darker ground-colour, more suffused markings, and a distinct darker basal patch. It resembles C. ohfascatana in breadth of wing, but is generally considerably larger, with distinct darker markings, and without the pale patch beneath costa near base. Mr. G. H. Eaynor found this species very abundant in gardens round Melbourne, flying in great numbers round roses and other shrubs in the evening ; and I have taken it occasionally near Sydney, in August and September. 10. Cap. obfuscatana, n. sp. $ . b"-%}2". Head and thorax ochreous-fuscous mixed with blackish. Palpi brownish-ochreous, internally white. Antennae brownish-ochreous. Abdomen greyish-ochreous, analtuftwhitish. Legs whitish, anterior tibia} and tarsi suffused with dark fuscous. Forewings short, rather broad, costa rather strongly bent in middle, hindmargin oblique, an expansible tuft of whitish hairs beneath fold ; greyish-ochreous, irregularly suffused throughout 456 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, ■with dark fuscous mixed "with blackish, so that no distinct mark- ings are discernible, except that the costal fold and a semi-ovate space below it are generally paler greyish-ochreous or clear ochreous, and not suffused : cilia dark fuscous-grey mixed with ochreous, with a black interrupted line near base. Hinclwings whitish-grey, darker towards apex, and spotted with darker ochreous-grey ; cilia whitish, with a darker grey basal line. Distinguished by its small size, short broad forewings, and general dark fuscous suffusion, without distinct markings except (usually) the pale subcostal space near base. The female is still unknown to me, and may probably differ in these respects. Occasionally taken, especially at light, by which it is strongly attracted ; it occurs at Sydney, Bulli, and Kiama, in New South "Wales, from September to February. 1 1 . Cap. scutif erana, n. sp, <$ $ . 5"-6". Head, palpi, antennee, and thorax ochreous- white ; palpi in male rather directed upwards, but oblique and not appressed to face, in female straight, horizontally porrected. Abdomen pale ochreous. Legs whitish, anterior tibioe and tarsi suffused with dark fuscous. Forewings rather short, somewhat dilated, more strongly in male, costa in male strongly arched, slightly bent before middle, in female strongly arched at base, thence nearly straight, hindmargin nearly straight, very oblique ; white, faintly suffused with pale ochreous ; costa and inner margin with a few irregular blackish strigulations towards base ; basal patch indicated by a rather oblique blackish streak from inner margin at one-fourth, reaching half across wing, in female uniting there witli a slender black line from one-sixth of costa ; central fascia rather oblique, from costa before middle to inner margin beyond middle, blackish mixed with ochreous-fuscous, upper half rather narrow, lower half abruptly and strongly dilated, the posterior edge being suddenly bent outwards in middle ; a blackish triangular patch on costa at two-thirds, its BY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 457 apex almost or quite confluent with the angle of the dilated portion of central fascia ; a small blackish spot on costa between triangular patch and apex : cilia pale ochreous, becoming more whitish at anal angle, obscurely barred with blackish. Hindwings in male ochreous-whitish, greyish-whitish at apex, cilia ochreous-white ; in female pale ochreous-grey, posteriorly darker, cilia pale ochreous-grey with a darker basal line. A small but conspicuously distinct species, at once known by the well-contrasted blackish markings on a white ground. I took one specimen on the forest-clad hills between Kangaroo Valley and Moss Vale, New South Wales, in January ; and subsequently six others in dense scrub near Eosewood, Queens- land, in September. 12. Cap. plathanana, n. sp. $ ? . 5|"-6". Head, palpi, and antennae blackish-fuscous. Thorax pale yellow, anterior margin narrowly blackish-fuscous. Abdomen whitish-ochreous, anal tuft of male whitish-yellow, of female blackish-fuscous. Forewings moderate, costa gently arched, hardly bent, hindmargin rounded ; pale golden-yellow, with two direct transverse blackish-fuscous fasciae suffused with bluish-grey -metallic scales except on their margins ; first at one- third, nearly straight, rather narrow, irregularly margined, sending a slender dark fuscous streak along extreme costal edge to base ; second much broader, parallel, from about four-fifths of costa to anal angle, somewhat contracted in middle, broadest on costa : cilia ochreous-yellow, beneath the second fascia blackish. Hindwings pale grey ; cilia whitish, with a grey basal line. This peculiarly marked and beautiful species differs widely from all others in the yellow ground-colour, and the position of the two direct parallel fasciae. I took two specimens (male and female) in the bush near Sydney in December and February ; and have seen a third from the same locality. ID 458 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 12. Acroceuthes, ». g. Thorax smooth or crested. Antennas short, in male thickened, ciliated. Palpi moderate, straight, porrected, in male clothed ahove with very long dense erect spreading hairs, in female with dense rather appressed scales, terminal joint almost concealed. Abdomen in male with very large tufted anal valves. Fore wings short, broadly oblong, costa in male with a short imperfect basal fold, arched before middle, apex nearly rectangular, hinclmargin obliquely rounded. Hindwings rounded, elongate, hardly as broad as forewings. Forewings with veins 7 and 8 stalked, vein 7 running to hindmargin. Hindwings with veins 3 and 4 from a point, 5 approximated to 4 at base, 6 and 7 stalked. Distinguished from its nearest allies by the imperfect costal fold, the erect spreading tuft of hairs on the upper side of the palpi, and the large tufted abdominal valves of the male ; the female is hardly distinguishable from Capua. I have included A. oxygrammana in the genus on account of the evident close alliance between the female and the corresponding sex of A. metaxanthana; but the male is still unknown to me. A. metaxanthana may be known from A. oxygrammana by the pale yellow hindwings. 1. Acroc. metaxanthana, Wall:. (Caccecia metaxanthana, Walk., Brit. Mus. Cat. 315; Soiajjhila projectana, ibid. 352 ; Carpocapsa trajectana, ibid. 992. $ . 5V-6". Head dark grey-brown, face white. Palpi white with long fine erect white hairs above. Antenna; greyish-ochreous. Thorax brownish-ochreous, dark fuscous on back. Abdomen dark ochreous-grey, anal tuft whitish-ochreous. Legs white, anterior and middle tibia) and tarsi suffusedly banded with dark fuscous. Forewings short, broad, costa rather strongly bent before middle, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; basal third within a suffused outwardly angulated line white, more or less broadly BY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 459 strigulated towards inner margin with brownisk-ochreous and dark fuscous, and witk a stronger oblique dark fuscous streak from inner margin at one-fifth, reacking half _ across wing; a blackisk line along basal tkird of costa, ending posteriorly in a black spot ; remainder of wing ochreous-brown, irregularly mixed with dark fuscous and blackish, and with a few whitish scales ; costa strigulated with blackish-fuscous ; a very oblique silvery-whitish indistinct line from beyond middle of costa in an irregular curve to hindmargin below middle, thence continued to anal angle ; another similar line from costa a little before apex to hindmargin below apex : cilia brownish-ochreous, towards anal angle whitish-ochreous, irregularly barred with dark fuscous. Hindwings whitish-yellow, hindmargin suffused or spotted with grey ; cilia whitish-grey, with a darker grey basal line. ? . Q^"-7V. Head, palpi, antenme, thorax, and abdomen ochreous-brown. Legs whitish-ochreous, anterior and middle tibito and tarsi suffused above with dark fuscous. Forewings broad, costa rather strongly arched, becoming straight towards apex, hindmargin more oblique than in male ; light ochreous- brown, costa and inner margin strigulated with dark fuscous ; a very large dark fuscous or reddish-fuscous rounded-triangular blotch, mixed with blackish, on posterior half of inner margin, its apex nearly reaching costa beyond middle, its anterior edge nearly straight, its posterior edge rounded, ending on hindmargin just above anal angle ; a fuscous obliquely curved streak from three-fourths of costa to middle of inner margin, irregularly margined on both sides with silvery-metallic scales ; apex dark fuscous : cilia dark reddish-fuscous or blackish-fuscous. Hind- wings pale yellow, spotted with grey towards margins, apex and hindmargin grey ; cilia grey. The sexes are at first sight very different in appearance, but the markings are really nearly identical in position, the differences being chiefly in intensity of colouring. Both sexes may be separated from A. oxygrammana by the pale yellow hindwings. 460 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, Taken not uncommonly at rest on fences in Sj^dney, from September to February ; it also occurs at Waratab on tbe Hunter River, and at Brisbane. Walker's descriptions are in tbis case tolerably accurate ; tbe type of Carpocapsa trajectana is lost, but tbe description is certainly referable to this species. 2. Acroc. oxygrammana, n. sp. ? . 1\". Head, palpi, and thorax ochreous-brown ; thorax with strong crest. Antennae ochreous-fuscous. Abdomen ochre- ous-grey, darker posteriorly, anal tuft broad, truncate. Legs whitish, anterior and middle tibise and tarsi banded with dark fuscous. Forewings posteriorly dilated, rather broad, costa strongly arched, becoming straight towards apex, hindmargin nearly straight, very oblique ; whitish, with clearly-defined rather dark ochreous-grey markings ; costa and inner margin obscurely strigulated with darker fuscous-grey ; basal patch dark ochreous- grey, its outer edge starting from one-third of costa, thence curved gently and obliquely inwards to one-fifth of inner margin ; central fascia broad, oblique, starting from middle of costa and gradually dilated, its anterior edge running to inner margin at two-thirds, its posterior edge to hindmargin at one-third above anal angle, enclosing a small elongate transverse suffused whitish spot before anal angle ; tbe space between basal patch and central fascia obscurely strigulated with ochreous-grey, most broadly on inner margin ; a dark fuscous sharply-defined triangular patch on apical third of costa, its anterior margin parallel to edge of central fascia and only separated by a narrow whitish line ; within the patch are three short white strigula3 in the costal cilia ; the space between costal patch and hindmargin whitish, irregularly clouded with ochreous-grey : cilia ochreous-whito, with a dark fuscous line towards base. Hindwings f uscous-grej' ; cilia ochreous- white, with the basal half fuscous-grey. BY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 461 The male being unknown, it is uncertain whether this species is correctly referred to its present position; but in general characters it strongly resembles the female of the preceding species, though the thoracic crest is a discordant point. Mr. G. H. Raynor took three specimens near Hobartown and Evandale, Tasmania, in January. 13. AsTIIEXOPTYCnA. 71. (J. Thorax with erect crest. Antenna) in male rather thickened, somewhat dentate, moderately ciliated. Palpi moderate, arched upwards and appressed to face (especially in male), thickly rough- scaled beneath on second joint, terminal joint erect, distinct. Forewings rather short, subtriangular, costa arched, in male with very short narrow fold at base, hindmargin obliquely rounded. Hindwings rounded-trapezoidal, broader than forewings. Fore- wings with veins 7 and 8 stalked, vein 7 running to hindmargin. Hindwings with veins 3 and 4 fron a point, 5 approximated to 4 at base, 6 and 7 stalked. Distinguished from the group of Capua, to which it is allied, by the upward-arched palpi, in conjunction with the very small and imperfect costal fold. The species are dull-coloured insects, with a general resemblance to Capua. A. conjunctana may be separated from A. hemicryptana by the clearly-defined white markings. 1. Asth. hemicryptana, n. sp. $ $ . 6"-7". Head, palpi, antennae, and thorax dark fuscous. Abdomen greyish-ochreous. Legs whitish, anterior tibice and tarsi strongly banded with dark fuscous, middle pair suffused. Forewings moderately broad, dilated, costa rather strongly arched, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; ochreous- whitish, coarsely irro- rated with greyish-ochreous ; costa and inner margin shortly strigulated with dark fuscous ; basal patch blackish-fuscous, its outer edge angulated in middle ; central fascia broad, oblique, its 462 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LFPIDOPTERA, base resting on the whole posterior half of inner margin, dark fuscous mixed with blackish, its anterior edge conca vely angulated, its posterior edge straight, so that it appears to dilate strongly from the middle downwards ; a narrow dark fuscous black- margined fascia from two-thirds of costa (where it encloses a small whitish costal spot) to hindmargin above anal angle, attenuated beneath ; a blackish elongate streak from apex along upper half of hindmargin : cilia greyish-ochreous, mixed with whitish towards anal angle, suffused with blackish towards apex, along hindmargin obscurely barred with blackish. Hind wings in male pale fuscous-grey, in female rather darker, cilia pale grey with a darker basal line. An obscure-looking species, readily distinguished from the following by the absence of the clear white markings ; it is also rather broader- winged, and has nearly the form of Cap. sordidatana. I have as yet only met with this species in Queensland ; I took seven specimens at Brisbane, Iiosewood, and Toowoomba, (in the latter case at an elevation of 2,000 feet,) in September, amongst subtropical thickets. 2. Asth. conjunctana, Walk. fSciaphila conjunctana, Walk., Brit. Mus. Cat. 348.) <$ . 5i"-G". Head, palpi, and thorax grejdsh-fuscous mixed with dark fuscous, thorax with a pale spot on back. Antenna) greyish-fuscous. Abdomen dark grey. Legs whitish, suffused above with dark fuscous, all tarsi dark fuscous with white rings at apex of joints. Forewings dilated, costa slightly arched, hind- margin oblique ; light greyish-fuscous, mixed with paler scales towards anal angle, irrorated with dark fuscous ; costa and inner margin coarsely marked with blackish ; a distinct narrow whitish transverse rather oblique fascia from one-third of costa to inner margin before middle, angulated outwards above middle, suffusedly margined with brownish-ochreous mixed with black in middle ; a short transverse white streak from costa at two- BY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 463 thirds, abruptly terminated before reaching' middle, slightly oblique, margined by two suffused brownish-ochreous lines mixed with black on disc and continued to inner margin before anal angle ; two short white strigulse on costa before apex, from between which a suffused brownish-ochreous line runs to meet that preceding it in middle of disc ; a brownish-ochreous line along hindmargin, mixed with black : cilia whitish-grey or whitish, above apex blackish-grey, beneath it barred indistinctly with dark grey, sometimes suffused with brownish-grey. Hind- wings grey, darker at apex ; cilia whitish-grey, with a dark grey line near base. This is a neatly marked insect ; the short clear white streak from the costa beyond middle is a noticeable characteristic. Mr. Gr. H. Eaynor took this species commonly (but without noticing the female) near Deloraine in Tasmania, in January ; Walker's type is from the same island. 14. Anatropia, n. g. Thorax strongly crested. Antenna3 in male biserrated, ciliated. Palpi moderate, arched upwards, tolerably appressed to face, second joint rough-scaled beneath. Forewings sub triangular, costa in male simple, regularly arched, hindmargin oblique. Hindwings rounded-trapezoidal, broader than forewings. Fore- wings with veins 7 and 8 stalked, vein 7 running to hindmargin. Hindwings with veins 3 and 4 rising from a point, 5 approximated to 4 at base, 6 and 7 stalked. This genus is nearly allied to the preceding Asthenoptycha, from which it only differs in the entire absence of the costal fold. From the other allied genera it is removed by the upward-arched palpi, the apex of which rises as high as the crown. The single representative has nearly the facies of Asth. hemi- cry plana. 464 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 1. Anatr. craterana, n. sp. £ . 6". Head, palpi, and thorax dark fuscous mixed -with ochreous. Antenna) ochreous-fuscous. Abdomen dark ochreous- grey, anal tuft whitish-ochreous. Legs whitisk-ochreous, anterior and middle tibiae and tarsi banded with dark fuscous. Forewings dilated, costa evenly arched ; whitish, with an irregular transverse greyish suffusion between the dark fuscous markings ; costa and inner margin coarsely strigulated with black ; basal patch dark fuscous mixed with black, its outer edge running from one-fifth of costa to one-fourth of inner margin, strongly angulated outwards in middle ; central fascia broad, oblique, dark fuscous mixed with black, starting from costa somewhat before middle, very strongly dilated below middle, its posterior edge being abruptly bent outwards, its base resting on whole posterior half of inner margin ; between basal patch and central fascia are two or three small irregular dark fuscous spots ; within the base of central fascia is a transverse pale mark before anal angle ; a fuscous triangular patch on apical third of costa, containing two short whitish costal strigulre, its apex blackish and produced narrowly to meet hindmargin ; cilia brownish-grey, with a blackish suffused line towards base, extremities ochreous- whitish. Hind wings fuscous-grey spotted with darker ; cilia pale grey, darker towards base. Apart from the absence of the costal fold, this species may be known from Asth. hemicryptana by its smaller size, and the different shape of the central fascia, of which the posterior edge is strongly bent outwards in the middle, whilst in Asth. hemicryptana it is straight. One specimen taken at light at Mount Victoria in the Blue Mountains, New South Wales, 3,300 feet above the sea, in January. 15. Anisogoxa, n. ot on middle of inner margin ; the ground-colour between the pale ochreous basal patch and a straight line from middle of costa to anal angle suffused with greyish-fuscous mixed with ochreous, most deeply along inner margin ; three small dark fuscous spots on costa between middle and apex, irregularly connected with two sinuate dark fuscous blackish-margined partially interrupted transverse streaks directed towards anal angle, but confluent and obsolete below middle ; a suffused ochreous spot beneath costa at three-fourths ; a narrow fuscous black-margined streak along hindmargin : cilia grey-whitish mixed with ochreous, with two fuscous-grey lines, and indistinctly barred with dark grey. Hindwings light fuscous- grey strigulated with darker ; cilia whitish-grey with two dark grey lines. A large and rather elegant species, differing from all other Australian species known to mo in the strongly -bowed hindmargin BY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 487 of the forewings ; it is not closely allied to any other. Lewin's figure is a tolerable representation of my specimens, and is, I think, undoubtedly identifiable with them. The larva is represented by Lewin as blackish-green, with the spots pale yellow, and is stated to feed on Emlotforium speciosis- simum fProteaceceJ, living gregariously in webs until nearly full- grown, in swampy places near Sydney. I have not been able to verify these facts ; the food-plant given does not now grow within several miles of Sydney, and the original localities have been probably built over. I took two males on gas-lamps near Sydney, in December ; and have seen another taken at Parramatta in October. (Vid. addenda.) 2. Cac. spurcatana, Walk. (Term spurcatana, Walk., Brit. Mus. Cat. 305 ; ? Teraseongestana, ibid. 308 ; Sciaphila transtrigana, ibid. 354 ; Sciaphila turbulentana, ibid. 355 ; Grapholitha ropeana, Feld., Reise der Novara, PI. cxxxvii., 45. £ . 8"-8^". Head, palpi, antennae, and thorax whitish-ochre- ous or brownish-ochreous ; palpi rather long. Abdomen whitish- ochreous or ochreous-grey. Legs whitish-ochreous, anterior and middle tibiae and tarsi banded with dark fuscous. Forewings moderately broad, not dilated posteriorly, costa gently arched, somewhat bent near middle, fold reaching from base to middle, hindmargin slightly sinuate, hardly oblique, rounded beneath ; whitish-ochreous, more or less entirely suffused with pale brownish-ochreous, and irregularly strewn with short dark fuscous strigulae ; costa and inner margin shortly strigulated with blackish; a strong blackish-fuscous rather oblique straight streak from inner margin before one-fourth, reaching two-thirds across wing, nearly meeting the costal fold ; an irregular blackish-fuscous spot on middle of costa, reaching half across wing, narrow on 488 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, costa and irregularly dilated beneath ; three small cloudy dark fuscous spots on costa between middle and apex, the posterior one emitting a cloudy inwardly oblique dark fuscous streak, reaching half across wing ; a cloudy dark fuscous spot on hind- margin beneath apex ; a cloudy dark fuscous spot on inner margin before anal angle, sometimes obscurely connected with the central costal spot ; sometimes the whole wing is suffused with fuscous, so that all the markings are obliterated except the oblique streak from inner margin near base, and the central costal spot : cilia whitish-ochreous or brownish-ochreous, with an obscure dark fuscous line. Hindwings light-grey, faintly spotted with darker, in dark specimens entirely dark grey ;cilia whitish-grey, with a dark grey line near base. The markings of this species are very dull and ill-defined, and subject to variation from the suffusion of the ground-colour; but it may apparently be always recognised amongst its immediate allies by the strongly-marked oblique dark streak from inner margin near base. I took four specimens (all males) in virgin forest near Hamilton and Cambridge, on the Waikato, New Zealand, in January ; and there are altogether four others in the British Museum, from Auckland, under the various names quoted above. The type of Teras congestana, Walk., is very poor, and cannot be given with certainty as referable to this species ; the other synonyms certainly belong here. 3. Cac. jactatana, Walk, (Batodesjactatana, Walk., Brit. Mus. Cat. 317 ; Sciajritila fle.vir it- tana, ibid. 353 ; Padisca privatum, ibid. 382 ; Grapholitlia voluta, Feld., Beise der Novara, PI. cxxxvii., 39). 8". Head and thorax fuscous ; palpi elongate. Forewino-s rather narrow, posteriorly dilated ; ochreous-fuscous ; costa marked with small black spots ; a small ochreous space towards BY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 489 base of costa, beneath which is a sharply-defined sinuate thick black longitudinal streak in disc, extending from near base to before middle. Hind wings grey, spotted with darker. This diagnosis is taken from Walker's types ; I have not seen any other specimens. The species appears to be a Caccecia, belonging to the same group as the other New Zealand species ; it is rather narrower- winged than its congeners, and immediately distinguishable by the sinuate black discal streak. The British Museum specimens are from Auckland, New Zealand. 4. Cac. oblongana, Walk. (Teras oblongana, Walk., Brit. Mus. Cat. 303 ; Term inaptana, ibid., 304). $ ? . 7A-"-9". Head, palpi, and thorax greyish-fuscous ; palpi rather long. Antennae fuscous-grey. Abdomen ochreous-grey. Legs whitish-ochreous, anterior and middle tibiee and tarsi banded with dark fuscous. Forewings moderately broad, in male some- what dilated posteriorly, costa gently arched, fold extending from base to one-third, hindinargin somewhat sinuate, not oblique, rounded beneath ; generally ochreous-whitish, suffused with brownish-ochreous and fuscous-grey along margins, sometimes entirely brownish-grey ; costa and inner margin very shortly strigulated with dark fuscous ; basal patch distinct, dark fuscous- grey, often mixed with ochreous, posterior edge most distinct towards costa, angulated outwards above middle, sinuate beneath angulation, extending from one-fourth of costa to before one- fourth of inner margin ; a blackish-fuscous oblique blotch on middle of costa, reaching half across wing, and a broad ill-defined triangular dark fuscous patch on costa extending nearly to apex, the two coalescing to form a large triangular blotch, mixed with reddish-fuscous (in female with reddish-ochreous) beneath its middle ; a cloudy dark fuscous mark above anal angle, con- 1P 490 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, nected with the triangular costal patch by a slender cloudy streak ; an obscure dark fuscous mark on hindmargin above middle : cilia light brownish-ochreous or fuscous-grey, with a dark fuscous line. Hindwings whitish-grey tinged with ochreous, thickly spotted with dark grey, apex dark grey ; cilia grey-whitish, with a dark grey line near base. Nearly allied to C. spurcatana, but the fore wings are not posteriorly dilated in the male, the groundcolour is more greyish and less ochreous, there is no conspicuous dark oblique streak from inner margin near base, and the dark markings from costa are mixed with reddish towards disc. The female is rather lighter and less strongly marked than the male. I have four specimens (three males, one female) taken amongst forest growth near Dunedin, New Zealand, in January. Walker's types are from Auckland. 5. Cac. cuneigera, Butler, f Teras cuneigera, Butler.) 10". Head and thorax light grey ; palpi rather elongate. Fore- wings moderately broad, somewhat dilated posteriorly, costa gently arched, hindmargin sinuate, not oblique ; whitish-grey, clouded with darker along inner margin and more strongly along hindmargin ; a large sharply-defined blackish-grey costal tri- angular blotch, extending on costa from one-fourth nearly to apex, and reaching more than half across wing. Hindwings grey spotted with darker. A very distinct species, separable from all by the large clearly- marked dark triangular blotch on costa. I am only acquainted with Butler's type, which seems to be referable to this genus, as far as I can judge without complete investigation ; the above diagnosis is drawn from it. G. Cac. biguttana, Walk. (Teras biguttana, Walk., Brit. Mus. Cat. 305). BY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 491 £ ? . Size, form, and colouring quite as in C. excessana; but forewings with a small roundish sharply-defined whitish spot in disc at one-third from base. Very closely allied to C. excessana, yet conspicuously dis- tinguished by the small whitish spot in disc. Five specimens in the British Museum collection ; the locality is given as Auckland, New Zealand. 7. Cac. excessana, Walk. (Teras excessana, Walk., Brit. Mus. Cat. 303). $ $ . 10"-10^". Head, palpi, and thorax greyish-fuscous (in one female bright ochreous) ; palpi rather long. Antennae whitish-ochreous, in female distinctly annulated with dark fuscous. Abdomen whitish-ochreous. Legs ochreous- whitish, anterior and middle tibice and tarsi banded above with dark fuscous. Fore- wings moderately broad, somewhat dilated posteriorly in both sexes, costa gently arched, fold extending from base to one-third, hindmargin sinuate, not oblique, rounded beneath ; greyish- fuscous or ochreous-fuscous finely irrorated with dark fuscous, (in one female bright ochreous) ; markings only indicated by cloudy outlines hardly darker than the groundcolour ; these consist of a basal patch, with outer edge strongly angulated above middle ; a central fascia from middle of costa to inner margin at three-fourths, narrow and very oblique on upper half, strongly dilated on lower half ; a broad triangular patch oh costa before apex ; an irregular cloudy spot on hindmargin above middle : cilia rather paler than groundcolour, with a darker line. Hind- wings whitish-grey spotted with darker grey, cilia whitish with two dark grey lines ; in the ochreous specimen hindwings white tinged with ochreous towards apex and hindmargin, spotted with grey towards inner margin, cilia ochreous-whitish with two grey lines. Very variable in groundcolour; the only clear point of distinction appears to be in the faintness of the markings, which 492 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LFPIDOPTERA, are merely outlined in a tint hardly darker than the ground- colour, and the absence of those definite characteristics which are presented by the other species. I took four specimens (two males, and two females) amongst bushes near "Wellington, New Zealand, at the end of December. Walker's types are from Auckland. 8. Cac. obliquana, Walk. (Term obliquana, Walk., Brit. Mus. Cat. 302 ; Term cuneiferana, ibid. Suppl. 1780). $ . 12". Head and thorax pale brownish-ochreous ; palpi elongate. Forewings moderately broad, hardly dilated, hind- margin sinuate beneath apex, not oblique, rounded beneath ; pale brownish-ochreous ; outer edge of basal patch indicated by a slender fuscous line about one-fourth, angulated above middle ; a rather narrow oblique dark fuscous streak from costa before middle, reaching one-third across wing ; several very irregular dark fuscous marks along inner margin from near base, and towards lower two-thirds of hindmargin : cilia pale brownish- ochreous. Hindwings whitish, thickly mottled with grey. Distinguished from the allied species, except C. cltaractana, by the slender distinct dark oblique streak from costa before middle ; from C. charactana by the pale brownish-ochreous groundcolour. I have only seen Walker's types, which are from New Zealand. 9. Cac. charactana, n. sp. $ . 8£". Head, palpi, antennpe, and thorax creamy- white ; palpi long, irrorated on sides with dark fuscous. Abdomen light grey. Legs whitish, anterior and middle tibia* and tarsi banded with dark fuscous-grey. Forewings moderately broad, hardly dilated, costa moderately arched, hindmargin sinuate below apex, not oblique, rounded beneath ; creamy- white, costa and inner margin very shortly strigulated with blackish ; outer edge of BY E. MEYBJCK, B.A. 493 basal patch, indicated by a slender line strongly angulated abovo middle, blackish and distinct above angulation, below it grey and nearly obsolete ; a short straight slender oblique black streak from middle of costa, apex somewhat dilated, not reaching half across wing ; a cloudy fuscous-grey triangular patch on costa towards apex, emitting from its apex a slender cloudy inwardly oblique streak, connecting with a faint cloudy grey oval patch above anal angle ; a small faint grey spot on hindmargin above middle, containing two black dots ; a few blackish scales are also scattered in the grey markings : cilia creamy-white, with some scattered black scales at base. Hindwings whitish-grey spotted with darker ; cilia whitish, with a dark grey line near base. This species is very similar in markings to C. obliquana, and might possibly be an extreme form, a question which can only be settled by the examination of additional specimens ; at present the white groundcolour seems to afford a sufficient specific distinction, in the absence of the male. I took one specimen on a fence near Auckland, New Zealand, in January. 10. Cac. flavescens, Butler. (Teras flavescens, Butler). $ . 8|". Head and thorax pale whitish-ochreous. Forewings somewhat dilated posteriorly, costa moderately arched, somewhat bent about one-third, hindmargin sinuate beneath apex ; very pale whitish-ochreous ; two very small dark fuscous costal spots, one in middle, second at three-fourths ; cilia beneath apex dark fuscous. Hindwings whitish. This distinctly marked species is only known to me from Butler's type ; it appears to be referable to this genus, but I cannot speak with certainty, though it is undoubtedly not a Teras. 494 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 11. Cac. amplexana, Z. ( Idiograpliis (?) amplexana, Z., z. b. V. 1875, 222 ; Cacoccia vilis, Butler). £ $ , 7"-9". Head white. Palpi long, white, mixed with dark fuscous on sides. Antennce dark fuscous, indistinctly annulated with whitish. Thorax whitish, anterior margin some- what suffused anteriorly with dark fuscous. Abdomen ochreous- grey. Legs whitish, anterior and middle tibiee and tarsi banded above with dark fuscous. Forewings moderate, rather elongate, hardly at all dilated, costa moderately arched towards base, somewhat sinuate beyond middle, costal fold of male extending from base hardly as far as one-third, apex somewhat produced, hindmargin rather sharply excavated beneath apex, not oblique, bowed below middle ; whitish, thinly strewn with scattered dark fuscous scales in irregular transverse strigulae ; costa and inner margin strigulated with dark fuscous ; basal patch represented in male by a sharply-defined blackish-fuscous streak starting from base beneath costa directly outwards, at one-fifth from base rectangularly bent upwards and proceeding straight to costa at one-third, in female by an internally suffused dark fuscous streak starting as in male, but bent rather obliquely outwards at the angulation, and again bent obliquely inwards before reaching costa, ending on costa before one-fourth ; central fascia oblique, from costa before middle to inner margin beyond middle, dark fuscous, rather narrow, in male obsolete towards costa, in female distinct throughout, anterior edge well-defined and dark-margined, posterior edge suffused ; a triangular dark fuscous rather ill- defined costal patch, extending from middle of costa nearly to apex, from lower extremity of which proceed two cloudy fuscous streaks, one obliquely inwards, meeting central fascia below middle, the other to anal angle, outwardly curved near its extremity ; a cloudy fuscous spot on hindmargin above middle, marked on its anterior edge with two blackish dots : cilia grey- whitish, becoming dark fuscous towards base on hindmargin, BY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 495 especially near apex. Hindwings whitish, faintly tinged with yellow, and thinly spotted with grey, especially towards inner margin : cilia whitish, with a fuscous-grey line near base. Differing from all other Australian and New Zealand species in the produced apex and excavated hindmargin of the forewings as well as the angulated dark streak beneath basal portion of costa. The palpi are not more elongate than in the other allied New Zealand species, and the species has no relation to Idiog rap his, which differs in venation. In form of wing the species is analogous to the European C. poclana and its allies. I have five specimens (three males, and two females) taken at Wellington, Christchurch, and Dunedin, New Zealand, in January. Zeller was only acquainted with the male, from which the female differs markedly, but his description is very accurate. 12. Cac. (?) penea, Butler. (Teras csnea, Butler). 11". Head and thorax brassy-fuscous; palpi elongate. Fore- wings oblong, moderately broad, not dilated ; entirely brassy- fuscous ; somewhat lighter on disc. Hindwings blackish-fuscous, along costa yellowish. This species is very distinct from any other, and I can only conjecture that it may belong here, in the absence of a complete knowledge of its structure. Described from Butler's type in the British Museum, which is from New Zealand. 13. Cac. polygraphana, Walk. (Tortrix pohjgraphana, Walk., Brit. Mus. Cat. 330). <$ ? . 8"-8£". Head, palpi, antenna?, and thorax light fuscous- grey. Abdomen whitish-ochreous suffused with grey. Legs whitish, anterior and middle tibia3 and tarsi banded with dark fuscous. Forewings moderately broad, slightly dilated posteriorly, 496 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, costa strongly arched near base, costal fold extending from base to about one-third, hindmargin slightly oblique, hardly sinuate ; varying from ochreous-grey to reddish-ochreous, with numerous very small pale dark-centred circular spots, arranged in irregular curved transverse rows ; basal patch indicated by two rows of black dots, angulated in middle of wing ; a fuscous-grey oblique streak from costa before middle, margined with black dots, reaching half across wing but indistinct at extremity ; a small dark fuscous spot on costa at two-thirds : cilia whitish at extremities, fuscous-grey towards base, with a broad dark fuscous- grey line suffused with dark reddish-ochreous on upper two-thirds of hindmargin. Hindwings light fuscous-grey, spotted with darker ; cilia whitish with two dark grey lines. Generally distinguishable by the transverse rows of faint ocellated spots. It is nearly allied to C. pyrosemana, but differs from it also through the lighter and more ochreous-tinged groundcolour, the angulated edge of basal patch, and the paler hindwings. I took four specimens amongst dry bush at Blackheath on the Blue Mountains, New South Wales, 3,600 feet above the sea, in February, and also met it at Mittagong ; Mr. Gr. H. Eaynor took it at Melbourne, and rather commonly near Launceston, Tasmania, in January. The locality of Walker's type is given as Moreton Bay, Queensland. 14. Cac. pyrosemana, n. sp. $ . 9". Head, palpi, antennas, and thorax dark fuscous-grey mixed with paler. Abdomen dark ochreous-grey. Legs grey- whitish, anterior and middle tibia) and all tarsi banded with dark fuscous. Forewings moderately broad, slightly dilated posteriorly, costa strongly arched near base, hindmargin oblique, not sinuate ; dark fuscous-grey irrorated with pale cinereous-grey, tinged with ochreous on disc and towards anal angle, with trans- verse rows of very small faint blackish spots ; costa shortly BY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 497 strigulated with blackish ; basal patch represented by a slender sinuate, not angulated, transverse blackish line at one-fifth ; a sharply-defined oblique rather narrow blackish streak from costa before middle, reaching half across wing, sinuate and attenuated at extremity ; a small triangular blackish-fuscous spot on costa at two-thirds ; cilia dark grey mixed with ochreous, with a blackish line. Hindwings dark fuscous-grey, indistinctly spotted ; cilia dark grey, more whitish towards anal angle, with a darker line near base. Closely allied to C. pohjgraphana, but much darker in ground- colour and markings, without ocellated spots, and the edge of basal patch is not angulated. One female specimen taken by Mr. G. H. Eaynor, near Parramatta, New South Wales. 15. Cac. lythrodana, u. sp. <$ ? . 8"-9^-". Head, palpi, and thorax dark fuscous-grey, mixed with paler ; palpi in male with an expansible tuft of white hairs on upper surface of second joint. Antenna3 dark fuscous- grey. Abdomen ochreous-grey, anal tuft in male pale ochreous. Legs ochreous-whitish, anterior and middle tibiae and all tarsi suff usedly banded with dark fuscous-grey. Forewings rather broad, posteriorly somewhat dilated, costa moderately arched, especially towards base, costal fold narrow, extending from base only to one-fourth, hindmargin somewhat oblique, slightly sinuate beneath apex ; light cinereous-grey, mixed with darker scales tending to form transverse lines or strigulaa ; costa and inner margin strongly strigulated with blackish : outer edge of basal patch represented by a nearly straight black line from one- fifth of costa to one-fourth of inner margin ; two dark fuscous- grey sharply black-margined fasciae, first rather narrow, oblique, from costa before middle to inner margin beyond middle, second broader on costa and rapidly attenuated, running from costa at two-thirds to inner margin before anal angle, both fascia) 498 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, attenuated in middle almost or quite to a black line, beneath the attenuated portions becoming suddenly confluent into a large subquadrate black-margined patch ; a somewhat sinuate blackish line from costa a little before apex to hindmargin above anal angle ; a blackish line from costa a little before apex to hind- margin above anal angle ; a blackish line along hindmargin : cilia cinereous-grey, extremities beyond a blackish line white. Hind wings fuscous-grey spotted with darker ; cilia whitish- grey, with two dai'k fuscous-grey lines. A conspicuously distinct species, characterised by the two dark grey black-margined fasciae on a pale grey ground, with their lower portions confluent in a large blotch ; the white expansible tuft of the palpi in male is also a peculiar character, to which an analogy is found in the genus Acroceuthes. 1 took six specimens in the bush at Blackheath in the Blue Mountains, New South Wales, (3,600 feet,) in February. 16. Cac. miserana, Walk. (Teras miserana, Walk., Brit. Mus. Cat. 301 ; Teras canigerana, ibid., 301 ; Sciaphila debiliana, ibid. 351 ; Teras absumptana, ibid. Suppl. 1780). S T'-U", ? 8£"-9£". Head, palpi, and thorax grey-whitish mixed with dark grey. Antennae grey-whitish. Abdomen whitish-grey. Legs whitish, anterior and middle tibiae and tarsi banded with dark fuscous. Forewings moderate, posteriorly somewhat contracted, costa moderately arched towards base, in male bent before middle, costal fold broad, extending from base to middle of costa, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; whitish, transversely irrorated with grey ; costa and inner margin strigu- lated in male with dark fuscous, in female with cinereous-grey ; a small dark grey black-margined spot on costa at one-fourth in male, in female represented by a smaller grey mark ; a cloudy grey spot on inner margin at one-third, in some specimens of male larger and blackish-grey, sometimes suffused at apex into BY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 499 central fascia ; central fascia narrow, oblique, from before middle of costa to beyond middle of inner margin, in male blackish, in female cinereous-grey, partially obsolete above middle, margins rather irregular ; a small cloudy triangular patch on costa at two-thirds, in male blackish-grey, in female cinereous- grey ; two or three small transverse streaks of cinereous or blackish scales near hindmargin and above anal angle : cilia whitish, with a faint dark grey line. Hindwings whitish-grey, darker posteriorly ; cilia whitish, with a grey line near base. In form of wing this species approximates to C. responsana and C. postvittana, but differs structurally from them in the character of the costal fold, which is strong and extends from the base fully to the middle of costa. The whitish-grey groundcolour distinguishes it from all its nearest allies ; C. lythrodana is also a purely grey insect, but has totally different and more sharply defined markings. The female is very different in appearance from the male, and has more the superficial features of a Terns. Very common at Sydney, of sluggish habit and usually taken at rest on fences ; it occurs from August continuously to May, being absent only during the two winter months of June and July ; I also took a specimen near Wollongong, New South Wales, and one of Walker's types ts said to be from Moreton Bay, Queensland, but at Sydney it appears to be a garden insect. 17. Cac. jugicolana, n. sp. $ . 8£"-8J". Head, palpi, and thorax brownish-ochreous. Antennae light ochreous, annulated with dark fuscous. Abdomen ochreous-grey. Legs whitish-ochreous, anterior and middle tibia? and tarsi suffused above with dark fuscous. Forewings moderate, oblong, not dilated, costa moderately arched near base, hind- margin slightly sinuate below apex, rather oblique ; brownish- ochreous, costa and inner margin shortly strigulated with obscure dark fuscous ; outer edge of basal patch indistinctly indicated by a fuscous line, sharply angulated above middle ; a cloudy dark 500 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTEKA, fuscous spot on inner margin at one-third, sometimes obsolete ; central fascia oblique, from costa before middle to inner margin at two-thirds, ochreous-fuscous, darker fuscous on costa and inner margin, narrow on costa, gradually but not strongly dilated, margins rather irregular ; an obscure fuscous triangular spot on costa at two-thirds, from apex of which proceeds a slender cloudy fuscous line to anal augle : cilia pale brownish-ochreous, with a dark fuscous-grey basal line. Hindwings whitish-grey, towards apex suffused with ochreous, spotted with darker grey ; cilia ochreous-white, with a dark grey line near base. In the absence of the male, it cannot be affirmed with certainty to which section of the genus this species is most nearly related ; in shape of wing it resembles C. pohjgraphana, in markings G. mnemosynana ; the sinuation of the hindmargin distinguishes it from the species which follow. The specimens obtained show no variation. Mr. G. H. Eaynor bred six specimens (all females) of this species from larvpo (undescribed) which he found feeding on a plant of the Composites " resembling Senecio ?' in pasture-fields on the hills near Murrurundi, New South Wales, in September ; the imagos emerged in October. 18. Cac. responsana, Walk. (Tcras responsana, Walk., Brit. Mus. Cat. 297.) ■$ . 9"-10". Head, palpi, and antenna) whitish-ochreous. Thorax pale ochreous, with a suffused dark fuscous central transverse line. Abdomen greyish-ochreous. Legs whitish, anterior and middle tibiae and tarsi banded with dark fuscous. Forewings oblong, costa moderately arched at base, bent before middle, costal fold short and narrow, not reaching base, hind- margin obliquely rounded; pale whitish-ochreous, thinly sprinkled with greyish-fuscous ; costal fold strigulated with dark fuscous, somewhat suffused with ferruginous ; outer edge of basal patch BY E. jUEYRICK, B.A. 501 indicated by a transverse oblique rather curved line of four or five blackish dots from costa at one-fifth to inner margin at one- third ; central fascia moderate, oblique, from costa before middle to inner margin before anal angle, dark fuscous, mixed -with ferruginous and irregularly edged with blackish, somewhat dilated on lower half, anterior edge nearly straight, posterior edge irregular and suffused below middle, Ytith a round projection near inner margin, edged by an outwardly oblique streak from inner margin ; a small elongate dark fuscous spot along costa about three-fourths, posteriorly suffused ; a small irregular, sometimes obsolete, dark fuscous spot near middle of hindmargin containing two or more black dots, which are sometimes alone distinct ; a short slender interrupted blackish streak near hind- margin from apex : cilia whitish, at base ochreous, with a faint dark grey line : sometimes the whole wing is more or less suffused with reddish-fuscous. Hindwings fuscous-grey, darker posteriorly, faintly spotted with darker ; cilia whitish, with a dark grey line near base. $. 11"-12". Head, palpi, antennas, thorax and forewings ochreous-brown ; forewings more elongate than in male ; mark- ings as in male but generally obsolete, or distinct on costa and inner margin only, sometimes dark smoky-fuscous but suffused ; outer edge of basal patch often forming a small dark spot on inner margin. Hindwings rather darker grey than in male. Allied to C. postvittana, but usually larger and less variable ; easily distinguished from it in the male by the greyish-fuscous irroration of the groundcolour, the darker and more ferruginous- tinged markings, the greater breadth of the central fascia towards the costa, and the darker hindwings. The female is very similar to C. postvittana female, but always darker and more fuscous, with a much less ochreous tinge. Taken, not very commonly, at Sydney and Parramatta, usually amongst Acacia decurrens; very common at Melbourne, and occurs 502 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, also at Hobartown, Tasmania ; it occurs from September to November, and is sluggish, in habit. I bred one specimen from Acacia decurrens, having brought in a branch as food for other species, without noticing the larva. The description of Tortrix askworthana, Newman, (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. N.S. 3, 286) seems rather to point to this species, but is insufficient for determination. 19. Cac. postvittana, Walk. (Teras postvittana, Walk., Brit. Mus. Cat. 297 ; ? Teras retractana ibid. 288 : Teras dotatana, ibid. 298 ; Teras scituhna, ibid. 298 ; leras basialbana, ibid. 299 ; Teras secretana, ibid. 300 ; Pandemis secundaria, ibid. 310 ; Pandemis consociana, ibid. 311 ; Dichelia reversana, ibid. 321 ; Dichelia fcedana, ibid. 321 ; Dichelia sobriana, ibid. 322 ; Padisca immersana, ibid, 380). $ . 6f "-9J". Head, palpi, antennae and thorax whitish-ochre- ous, more or less suffused with brownish-ochreous. Abdomen whitish-ochreous. Legs whitish, anterior and middle tibiae and all tarsi suffusedly banded with dark fuscous-grey. Forewings broad, short, costa gently arched, strongly bent before middle, costal fold short, narrow, fringed with hairs, not reaching base, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; pale ochreousor whitish-ochreous, sometimes irrorated with fuscous ; costa and inner margin more or less distinctly strigulated with ochreous or fuscous ; markings variable in intensity, reddish-ochreous, fuscous, or dark reddish- fuscous ; basal patch faintly indicated or quite obsolete, outer edge angulated, often represented only by a small costal spot at one-fifth ; central fascia oblique, from before middle of costa to inner margin before anal angle, slender on costa, often widely interrupted in middle, anterior edge generally distinct, sometimes dark-margined, nearly straight, posterior edge distinct towards costa, dilated and suffused beneath ; sometimes a narrow streak or cloud along inner margin from base to fascia, often produced also along hindmargin and attenuated to apex, or the hindmarginal BY E. MEYRICK B.A. 503 portion is represented by two or three elongate streaks or rows of dots ; an elongate narrow blotch, along costa about three-fourths; sometimes there are faint hindmarginal dots, or the veins are posteriorly lined with darker, or the entire apical half of wing beyond central fascia is suffused with reddish-ochreous : cilia whitish-ochreous or ochreous, with a dark fuscous line, and a dark spot at anal angle. Hindwings whitish-grey, towards costa whitish, more grey towards inner margin, spotted with darker grey : cilia whitish, faintly ochreous-tinged towards apex, with a dark grey line. $ . 9"-lH". Head, thorax, andforewings more suffused with brownish-ochreous ; forewings more elongate, often irrorated with darker ; markings as in male but more indistinct and suffused ; outer edge of basal patch generally forming a small subquadrate dark fuscous spot on inner margin : cilia pale ochreous, becoming reddish-ochreous towards apex, with a dark fuscous line suffused at apex and anal angle. Hindwings hardly darker than in male, somewhat ochreous-tinged at apex. This species is very variable both in size and markings, so that it is difficult to include all the forms under one description, but there can be no doubt that all the varieties belong to the same species. In form of wing it is similar to C. responsana and C. innemosynana, but the costal fold of the male is less strong than in the former, and stronger than in the latter of those species ; from both the male is generally distinguishable by the clear pale ochreous groundcolour, and more or less ochreous-tinged markings; most of the varieties are also peculiar to this species, and in the normal form the slenderness of the central fascia towards costa is a good distinguishing characteristic. The female may be known by its uniform brownish-ochreous hue. Small pale specimens of the male are very similar to Tortrix glaphyrana, but the presence of the costal fold affords a ready test. Larva moderalely elongate, cylindrical, rather attenuated posteriorly, active ; dull yellowish-green, spots hardly lighter ; 504 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, dorsal and subdorsal lines indistinctly darker green, often obsolete ; head greenish-ochreous. Feeds between joined leaves, or rolled leaves or amongst spun-together flowers or fruits of Correaspeciosa, Boronia ledifolia (Rutacece), Persoonia lanceolata, Grevillea robusta (ProteaccaJ, and a marsh-growing species oi Polygonum, in August, September, and January ; it is probably almost indiscriminately polyphagous. Pupa free amongst joined leaves. Generally distributed and abundant ; it occurs at Sydney, Bathurst, Orange, Morpeth, and Kiama in New South "Wales, and also at Melbourne, and in Tasmania ; from August to October, and in January, March, and April. From the formidable array of synonyms prefixed, it will be seen that Walker described the twelve specimens in the British Museum as twelve different species, locating them in four distinct genera. The type of Terns retractana, quoted as a doubtful synonym, is a specimen of this species and is labelled Australia, but the description does not at all agree with the type, and as it professes to be taken from an American insect, the specimens have probably been interchanged ; the name therefore cannot stand. The other types are all more or less ordinary varieties. 20. Cac. mnemosynana, n. sp. <$ . 7|"-8". Head, palpi, and thorax greyish-fuscous ; palpi elongate. Antennae greyish-fuscous, annulated with blackish. Abdomen whitish-grey. Legs whitish, anterior pair dark fuscous, middle tibiae and tarsi suffusedly banded with dark fuscous. Forewings moderate, oblong, costa gently arched, bent before middle, costal fold rudimentary and very short, not extending to base, hindmargin obliquely rounded; greyish-fuscous, indistinctly transversely strigulated with darker ; basal patch faintly darker, outer edge angulated above middle ; central fascia oblique, from before middle of costa to inner margin before anal angle, rather narrow towards costa, lower two-thirds moderately dilated, anterior margin slightly curved, posterior margin irregularly BY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 505 waved, distinct ; an outwardly curved dark fuscous line from costa at two-thirds to hindmargin above anal angle, beyond which the apical portion of the wing is suffusedly dark fuscous, less strongly towards apex itself : cilia greyish-ochreous, with a strong black line near base, suffused at anal angle. Hindwings whitish spotted with grey ; cilia whitish, with a dark grey line near base. Nearly allied to the two preceding, but readily separated by the rudimentary costal fold, the greyish-fuscous groundcolour, and whitish hindwings. The female is not known to me. Five males taken at Bulli, New South Wales, and at Melbourne, and Warragul, Gippsland, in October and December. 21. Cac. liquidana, n. sp. $ ? . 8|"-9|". Head, palpi, antennae, and thorax light ashy- grey, with a few black scales ; palpi rather short. Abdomen whitish-grey, anal tuft ochreous-white. Legs ochreous-white, anterior and middle tibiae and tarsi suffused with dark f uscoua- grey. Forewings moderate, in female narrow, costa moderately arched towards base, costal fold extremely short and rudimentary, not reaching base, hindmargin oblique, especially in female ; light ashy-grey, faintly mixed with ferruginous, and posteriorly with a few scattered black scales ; costal edge suffused with dark grey towards base in male : cilia whitish im'xed with light grey. Hindwings whitish-grey or light grey ; cilia white, with a faint grey line near base. A distinct species, characterised by its unicolorous light grey forewings ; it has a superficial resemblance to Tortrix concordana and T. indigestmia, but apart from the costal fold, which is very slight and imperfect, it may be recognised by its much larger size. Five specimens taken in the dry bush at Blackheath in the Blue Mountains (3,600 feet) and two at Mittagong; I have also seen a specimen from Melbourne ; it is on the wing in March. 1G 506 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 22. Cac. tessulatana, n. sp. <$ . 8". Head and palpi whitish, mixed irregularly with dark fuscous; palpi rather short. Antennae black. Thorax dark fuscous, mixed posteriorly with white. Abdomen light greyish- ochreous. Legs ochreous-whitish, anterior and middle tibiae and tarsi suffusedly banded with dark fuscous. Forewings moderate, rather elongate, costa moderately arched, costal fold very short and rudimentary, fringed with hairs, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; white, coarsely irrorated with dark fuscous, and with dark fuscous markings ; costal fold and extreme base of wing dark fuscous ; an oblique slender fascia from costa at one-fourth, reaching to fold, angulated above middle ; an irregular oblique streak from middle of costa, not reaching half across wing, its extremity bent outwards ; beneath this is a small double spot below middle of wing ; a small spot on middle of inner margin ; between middle and apex are five or six small subquadrate spots on costa; between the extremity of the oblique streak from middle of costa and the apex of wing is an elongate cloudy streak, suffusedly conne cted with each ; a cloudy spot on anal angle, and a roundish smaller spot directly above it ; veins near hindmargin lined with dark fuscous ; a dark fuscous line along hindmargin : cilia white, basal half barred with dark fuscous. Hindwings light fuscous-grey ; cilia white, with a dark grey line near base. Also very distinct from any other ; in form of wing resembling the preceding, distinguished by the white groundcolour and reticulated dark markings, which are quite different from those of C. desmotana. Mr. GL H. Kaynor took one specimen at Melbourno in December. 23. Cac. desmotana, n. sp. $ $ . 8V'-9i"' Head black behind, face and crown white. Palpi rather short, black, terminal joint and apex of second joint white. Antennae black, very slenderly annulated with white. Thorax white, anterior margin black ; in male a black spot on BY E. MEYBICK, B.A. 507 hack. Abdomen pale dull yellow. Legs yellowish-white, anterior and middle tibiae and tarsi suffused with dark fuscous. Fore- wings rather broad, costa rounded especially towards base, costal fold very short and quite rudimentary, hindmargin rather oblique, rounded ; clear white, with sharply-defined blackish-fuscous, almost black, markings ; a small triangular spot on inner margin at base, extending nearly to costa ; a slender nearly straight fascia from costa at one-fourth to inner margin at one-third, its posterior margin with a very short tooth on submedian fold ; between this fascia and base the extreme costal edge is blackish ; a second narrow fascia from middle of costa, becoming bifurcate in middle of wing, where its anterior edge is more or less sharply excavated, the first branch running to inner margin beyond middle, the second to inner margin just before anal angle ; a third narrow fascia from costa at three-fourths to hindmargin above anal angle, connected with the second by a slender streak from middle of second to third near costa ; a narrow streak from apex, connecting with third fascia below middle ; sometimes a small dot on costa before apex ; cilia dull whitish-ochreous. Hindwings pale dull yellowish, often deeper and more greyish- tinged posteriorly ; cilia whitish-yellow, with a faint yellowish- grey line. This handsome and conspicuous insect is very similar in type to Tortrix amcenana, but the markings will be found on comparison to be very different in position, and I am not sure that the resemblance indicates anything more than an analogy. I took five specimens amongst low heathy scrub at Blackheath on the Blue Mountains, at an elevation of 3,600 feet, in February. 19. Tobtbix, Tr. Thorax smooth. Antennee in male shortly ciliated. Palpi moderate, porrected, second joint triangularly scaled, terminal joint distinct. Forewings moderately elongate, costa in male simple, tolerably evenly arched, hindmargin obliquely rounded. 508 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, Hindwings broader than forewings, rounded-trapezoidal. Fore- wings with veins 7 and 8 separate, vein 7 running to hindmargin. ifindwings with veins 3 and 4 rising from a point, 5 approximated to 4 at base, 6 and 7 separate. This is the typical genus of the largest and most simply- organised group of the family, characterised by the separation of veins 7 and 8 of f orewings, the origin of veins 3 and 4 of hind- wings from a point, and the approximation of 5 to 4 at base. Of the other Australian genera belonging to the group, Caccecia is distinguished from Tortrix by the costal fold of male, Cryptoptih by the tuft of scales on the costa of hindwings, Arotrophora by the elongate palpi, and the deeply dentate antenna} of male, having cilia arranged in tufts, Dipterina by the origin of veins 6 and 7 of hindwings from the same stalk, and by the antenna? of male having long fine cilia arranged in two rows. Other genera of the group (not Australian) are Teras, having vein 7 of fore- wings running to costa, (Europe and America) ; Pandemis, having an excavated notch in the antenna? of male above basal joint (Europe and America) ; Auchotelcs, (South America) having very short minute palpi ; and probably other genera not yet sufficiently defined, whose distinctness it is not here necessary to examine. There is a considerable number of European and American species, and the genus is probably of universal distribution. I have twelve Australian species, and four from New Zealand, of which the following is a tabulation : I. Eorewings white, with five black fascia? . . 1 . amcenana. II. Forewings dark fuscous, with three whitish fascia? . . . . . . . . 2. subfurcatana. III. Forewings pale greyish-ochreous or whitish, with dark longitudinal markings 4. aulacana. IV. Forewings with distinct transverse cen- tral fascia?. A. Forewings light reddish-fuscous . . 3. ceramicana. BY E. MEYRICK B.A. 509 B. Forewings whitish-ochreous. 1. Dorsalhalf clouded with fuscous-grey 5. peloxythana. 2 . Dorsal half not clouded. a. Hindwings fuscous-grey . . . . 6. trygodana. b. Hindwings whitish or pale grey, i. Central fascia dilated on lower half . . . . . . . . 7. philopoana. ii. Central fascia slender throughout 8. glaphyrana. C. Fore wings grey .. .. ..13. ae'rodana, (part) V. Forewings without transverse fascia. • A. Forewings pale ochreous or yellow. 1 . With a purple-fuscous hindmarginal band. . . . . . . . . .16. standishana. 2. Without marginal hand. a. Hindwings dark smoky-grey ..15. concolorana. b. Hindwings whitish-grey. i. Dorsal half of forewings clouded with grey . . . . 10. centurionana. ii. Dorsal half of forewings not clouded. *. Forewings with a few scat- tered black scales . . 9. leucaniana. **. Forewings without scattered black scales .. ..8. glaphyrana, ?. B. Forewings grey. 1 . Forewings rather broad . . ..11. concordana. 2. Forewings elongate. a. Hindwings dark grey .. ..13. aerodana, male. b. Hindwings whitish-grey. i. Forewings with numerous scat- tered black scales . . . .12. indigestana. ii. Forewings without black scales 13. aerodana, female. C. Forewings deep brownish or reddish- ochreous .. .. .. ..14. siriana. 510 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 1. Tort, amrenana, Walk. ( 'Conchylis amcenmia, Walk., Brit. Mus. Cat. 366 ; Conchylis semi- rectana, ibid. 987 ; Conchylis yallana, Feld., Eeise cler Novara, PI. cxl., 29. <$ ? . 7|"-10£". Head deep yellow. Palpi black, apex of second joint yellow above. Antenna) dark fuscous. Thorax black, with a white spot on each side, generally confluent posteriorly. Abdomen deep golden-yellow. Legs yellow, anterior and middle pair suffused with dark fuscous. Porewings moderate, somewhat dilated posteriorly, costa moderately arched, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; clear white, with sharply-defined black markings, forming five transverse fascia), rather variable in form and intensity ; first narrow, rather oblique, close to base ; second narrow, nearly straight, from costa at one-fourth to inner margin at one-third ; third from before middle of costa to middle of inner margin, variable, often irregular, margins sometimes toothed, sometimes enclosing a small white spot on inner margin > fourth rather irregular, from costa at three-fourths to inner margin just before anal angle, dilated towards inner margin, and generally enclosing a small white spot there ; between third and fourth fascia) is a small spot on costa, sometimes confluent at its extremity with fourth fascia beneath costa ; fifth from costa before apex to hindmargin above anal angle, connected below costa by a short transverse bar with fourth ; an irregular black streak along hindmargin from apex, reaching to extremity of fifth fascia, attenuated beneath ; cilia dull whitish-ochreous, suffused with grey towards base. Hindwings golden-yellow, posteriorly rather deeper, apex with a small double suffused dark fuscous spot ; cilia whitish-yellow, with an indistinct fuscous-grey line near base. This strikingly handsome species bears some general resem- blance to Caccecia desmotana, but the markings are quite differently placed, and the hindwings are deeper yellow ; the forewings are also rather narrower. BY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 511 Larva stout, cylindrical, with scattered whitish hairs ; rather dull green, spots slightly paler, dorsal vessel indigo-green ; head reddish-ochreous, more reddish on crown, face greenish ; second segment greenish-ochreous, with a darker green square patch above on posterior margin. It feeds amongst spun-together shoots, or along twigs amongst the leaves, on Monotoca scoparia (a low heath-like shrub belonging to the Epacridea), usually three or four together in a good deal of dense web : and pupates in a rough silken cocoon in the same situation. These larvae were found in October, and the imagos emerged in November. Very common amongst its food-plant at Blackheath on the Blue Mountains, 3,600 feet above the sea ; and occurs also more sparingly (and of a smaller size) in places near Sydney ; it is on the wing in November, January, and March. 2. Tort, subfurcatana, Walk. fConchylis subfurcatana, Walk., Brit. Mus. Cat. 368). $ ? . 7i"-8V'. Head, palpi, and thorax dark reddish-ochreous brown. Antennae dark fuscous. Abdomen fuscous-grey, on sides ochreous. Legs pale yellowish, anterior and middle pair suffused above with dark fuscous, ^brewings moderately broad, costa moderately arched towards base, hindmargin slightly oblique; rounded ; white, sometimes suffused with pale ashy-grey, with sharply-defined markings, varying from reddish-ochreous-brown to dark fuscous ; basal patch somewhat paler at base, its outer edge nearly straight, extending from one-fourth of costa to one- third of inner margin ; central fascia rather oblique, from before middle of costa to middle of inner margin, moderately broad, slightly curved, sometimes slightly dilated towards inner margin ; a second fascia, nearly equally broad, from costa at two-thirds to anal angle, rather sinuate, generally enclosing a white dot on costa, and connected with central fascia on inner margin by a slender streak ; a rather broad streak from apex along upper two-thirds of hindmargin, rapidly attenuated beneath : cilia 512 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LFPIDOPTERA, ochreous-grey, with an indistinct dark fuscous line near base. Hindwings dark fuscous-grey, sometimes becoming golden-yellow towards base ; cilia wliitisb-oclireous, with an indistinct dark fuscous line near base. A distinct species, appearing to have three straight white or grey-whitish fascia) on a dark ground. The tendency of the hindwings (in both sexes) to sometimes become yellow at the base is a curious form of variation. Bather common in marshy places amongst thickets of swamp- vegetation ; it occurs at Sydney, Bulli, and on the Eichmond River, in New South Wales ; near Melbourne ; and at Brighton in Tasmania ; from September to November, and in January and March. 3. Tort, ceramicana, n. sp. <$ . 8ij". Head, palpi, antennas and thorax reddish-fuscous ; thorax crested. Abdomen pale greyish-ochreous. Legs whitish- ochreous, anterior and middle tibiae and tarsi suffused above with dark fuscous. Forewings moderate, costa moderately arched, hindmargin sinuate below apex, oblique ; light reddish-fuscous, with white and dark reddish-fuscous markings ; costal edge slenderly dark fuscous towards base ; an indistinct reddish-fuscous streak beneath costa from near base to one-third, interrupted by a whitish spot before its extremity ; a sharply-defined triangular dark reddish-fuscous spot, edged with ochreous-white, below middle towards base, its anterior angle very acute, nearly reach- ing middle of base of wing, upper posterior angle in middle of wing at one-third from base, lower posterior angle almost reach- ing middle of inner margin ; a rather narrow dark reddish-fuscous streak from somewhat above centre of wing to anal angle, margined with ochreous-whitish, posteriorly sinuate ; between its upper extremity and the upper posterior angle of the triangular spot is a small oblong whito spot ; a largo triangular dark reddish-fuscous blotch towards apex, whitish-margined beneath, BY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 513 its apex below costa slightly beyond middle, somewhat suffused into apex of central streak, its base extending along hindmargin from beneath apex to middle, its upper side parallel with costa, its lower side somewhat curved ; this blotch is cut by a narrow white streak running from immediately beneath costa beyond middle obliquely outwards to middle of disc at two-thirds from base, and a second narrow white streak from apex of wing obliquely inwards, nearly reaching extremity of first white streak : cilia reddish-fuscous. Hindwings pale fuscous-grey ; cilia whitish- grey, with a dai'k grey line near base. This species departs somewhat from the usual generic characters of Tortrix in the distinctly crested thorax, which does not however appear to me to afford a sufficient basis for generic distinction. Its markings are very eccentric and irregular, but the normal type can still be clearly traced in them. I have only one male, taken by Mr. Miskin near Brisbane. 4. Tort, aulacana, n. sp. £ . 1}2" . Head and palpi light grey or whitish, mixed with fuscous-grey. Antenna) light grey. Thorax greyish-fuscous. Abdomen light ochreous-grey, whitish on sides. Legs whitish, anterior and middle tibia) and tarsi suffusedly banded with grey. Forewings moderate, costa moderately arched, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; pale greyish-ochreous, or white coarsely irrorated with dark fuscous-grey ; costa very narrowly and inner margin more broadly suffused with dark grey, costa mixed with reddish ; a straight slender dark fuscous line from base beneath costa to apex, well-defined beneath, cloudy above, posteriorly rather indistinct ; some irregular dark greyish-fuscous or blackish- fuscous cloudy markings, consisting of a streak from base above fold to middle, an oblique streak from centre to above anal angle, and an oblique streak from disc at two-thirds to apex, suffused together with fuscous-grey clouds so as to form a cloudy gradually dilated streak from base to hindmargin, between which and the 514 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO -LEPIDOPTERA, line from "base to apex is a clear rather broad longitudinal space of groundcolour, containing a short cloudy longitudinal fuscous- grey line in middle of disc : cilia pale ochreous or light reddish- fuscous towards base, whitish towards extremities, with a dark fuscous-grey line along base. Hindwings fuscous-grey ; cilia whitish, with a fuscous-grey line near base. Characterised by the cloudy but distinct longitudinal markings, the colour and intensity of which appear subject to considerable variation. Three males taken at Mount Macedon, Victoria, and at Parra- . matta, New South Wales, in September. 5. Tort, peloxythana, n, sp. <$ . 6f". Head, palpi, and thorax brownish-ochreous, irrorated with dark fuscous. Antennae dark fuscous. Abdomen dark fuscous mixed with ochreous. Legs ochreous- whitish, anterior and middle tibiae and tarsi suffusedly banded with dark fuscous. Forewings rather narrow, costa slightly arched, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; ochreous-white, dorsal half below a line from middle of base to apex wholly suffused with dark grey mixed with ochreous, the groundcolour above this is irrorated with dark grey and ochreous except towards costa ; markings dark grey mixed with ochreous, on dorsal half obsolete through the suffusion ; basal patch indistinct, outer edge starting from one-fourth of costa, somewhat angulated above middle ; central fascia oblique, moderately narrow, starting from costa before middle ; a wedge- shaped elongate blotch along costa from beyond middle nearly to apex : cilia ochreous-white, near anal angle grey, with a blackish line near base. Hindwings rather dark fuscous-grey ; cilia ochreous-whitish, with a dark fuscous line near base. Distinguished amongst the fasciated species by the dark grey suffusion of the dorsal half of forewings, and the general darker colouring. BY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 515 I took one specimen on the hills near Murrurundi, New South Wales, in November. 6. Tort, trygodana, n. sp. $ . 6f" . Head, palpi, and thorax pale ochreous. Antennse ochreous-grey. Abdomen grey. Legs whitish-ochreous, anterior and middle tibiae and tarsi suffused with dark fuscous. Fore- wings moderate, posteriorly somewhat narrowed, costa moderately arched, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; pale ochreous, with a few scattered dark fuscous striguke, especially towards hind- margin ; inner margin regularly strigulated with dark fuscous ; a dark fuscous spot on disc at one-fourth from base, representing angle of basal patch ; central fascia irregular, oblique, dark fuscous, starting from beneath costa in middle, at first very slender, lower two-thirds rather broader but margins very irregular, posterior margin indistinct ; a dark fuscous line from costa before apex to hindmargin above anal angle ; cilia whitish- ochreous. Hindwings fuscous-grey ; cilia whitish-grey, with a fuscous-grey line near base. Closely allied to T. philopoana and T. glaphyrana, but differing from both in the darker hindwings, the scattered dark strigula3 on forewings, and the character of the central fascia, which is very irregularly margined and does not reach the costa. One male taken amongst bush at Parramatta, New South Wales, in October. 7. Tort, philopoana, n. sp. <$ ? . 6£"-8". Head, palpi, antennas, and thorax pale ochreous. Abdomen whitish-ochreous. Legs whitish-ochreous, anterior and middle tibire and tarsi suffused with fuscous-grey. Forewings moderate, in female more elongate and narrower, costa moderately arched towards base, hindmargin obliquely rounded, more obliquely in female ; pale ochreous, generally with a few scattered fuscous scales ; inner margin faintly strigulated with fuscous ; 516 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO -LEriDOPTERA, basal patch ochreous-fuscous, generally indistinct, sometimes well-marked, outer edge running from costa at one-fifth to inner margin at one-fourth, angulated above middle ; central fascia ochreous-fuscous, oblique, running from before middle of costa to anal angle, narrow towards costa, lower two-thirds somewhat dilated, margins slightly irregular, generally with a black dot on posterior margin below middle ; a small somewhat triangular, ochreous-fuscous spot on costa midway between central fascia and apex ; sometimes a small cloudy spot on middle of inner margin, tending to unite with costal spot or base of central fascia ; in female these markings are often more reddish-ochreous and less distinct : cilia whitish-ochreous. Hindwings whitish-grey, in female often whitish, somewhat tinged with ochreous towards apex ; cilia whitish, with a faint grey line near base. Distinguished from T. glaphyrana especially by the dilation of the lower portion of the central fascia, and the usually perceptible basal patch ; the female does not differ in markings from the male, and is therefore very different from T. glaphijrana, female, which is entirely without markings, except occasionally a small dorsal spot. I found this species abundant amongst the long grass in swampy forest near Hamilton, New Zealand, in January. 8. Tort, glaphyrana, n. sp. £ . 6"-8". Head, palpi, antenna), and thorax pale ochreous. Abdomen whitish-ochreous, rarely greyish-ochreous. Legs whitish-ochreous, anterior and middle tibia) and tarsi suffused with fuscous-grey. Forewings moderate, costa moderately arched, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; palo ochreous ; basal patch obsolete, its outer edge sometimes indicated by a row of five or six dark fuscous dots, angulated in middle ; central fascia very slender throughout, oblique, running from before middle of costa to inner margin at three-fourths, brownish-ochreous, generally BY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 517 becoming dark fuscous on costa and inner margin, sometimes darker throughout, posterior margin always indistinct ; generally there is a black dot a little beyond posterior margin of central fascia below middle ; a very small somewhat triangular fuscous spot on costa at three-fourths ; sometimes a faint brownish cloud, or two or three dark fuscous dots, near middle of hindmargin : cilia whitjsh-ochreous. Hindwings whitish-grey or pale grey, slightly ochreous-tinged posteriorly ; cilia whitish, with a faint grey line near base. $ . 7"-8". Forewings rather narrower and more elongate than in male, costa less arched ; unicolorous pale ochreous ; usually a minute blackish dot in disc beyond middle ; sometimes a small cloudy dark fuscous spot on inner margin at three-fourths : cilia whitish-ochreous. Hindwings whitish-grey, cilia whitish. Differs from T. trygodana by the entire, slender, and evenly margined central fascia, and the whitish-grey hindwings ; from T. philopoana in the male by the slenderness and absence of dilation in the central fascia, the darker fuscous markings, and the absence of the basal patch, in the female by the absence of any transverse markings. A common species, occuring both in dry bush and in swampy places, at Sydney, Parramatta, Morpeth, and Shoalhaven, New South "Wales ; near Melbourne ; and at Toowoomba (2,000 feet) Queensland ; from October to March. 9. Tort, leucaniana, Walk. (Conchylis leucaniana, Walk., Brit. Mus. Cat. 370; Gelechia intactella, ibid. 652 ; Teras pauculana, ibid. Suppl. 1781). $ ? . 6£"-8". Head, palpi, antennae, and thorax pale ochreous. Abdomen whitish-ochreous. Legs ochreous-whitish, anterior and middle tibire and tarsi suffused with smoky-fuscous. Fore- wings moderate, in female narrower and more elongate, costa moderately arched, hindmargin oblique, more so in female, 518 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, straight beneath, apex ; pale ochreous, in female sometimes pale reddish-ochreous, often slightly darker between the veins posteriorly ; a few irregularly strewn black scales ; generally a rather more conspicuous black clot on disc beyond middle, usually preceded by a short longitudinal cloudy-grey streak above middle : cilia pale ochreous, extremities whitish. Hindwings whitish, posteriorly greyish-tinged ; cilia whitish. Distinguishable from all its allies except T. glaphjrana female, by the unicolorous pale ochreous forewings ; the male is much broader-winged than T. glaphyrana female, and even in the female the forewings are comparatively less elongate, but the females of the two species are in some cases hardly separable, except by the presence of a few scattered blackish scales in T. leucaniana ; the males are widely different. Appears to be generally common in New Zealand, in grassy places ; I found it abundantly near Hamilton and Cambridge, on the "Waikato, and also at Auckland and Wellington, in December and January. 10. Tort, centurionana, n. sp. <$ 11", $ 12A"-13". Head, palpi, and thorax whitish-grey, densely irrorated with dark grey. Antenna) dark fuscous, in male strongly ciliated. Abdomen pale grey or ochreous-grey. Legs grey- whitish, anterior and middle tibia? and tarsi suffused with fuscous-grey. Forewings elongate, in female very elongate, costa rather strongly arched, hindmargin very obliquely rounded ; pale reddish-ochreous, darker and with rows of scattered black scales between the veins ; dorsal half of wing, a narrow cloudy streak from base to two-thirds of disc above middle, and a slender streak along costa from one-third to apex suffused \vith fuscous- grey ; cilia white, mixed with grey, with a grey line near base. Hindwings whitish-grey, slightly darker posteriorly ; cilia whitish with a faint grey line near base. BY E. MEYBICK, B.A. 519 Easily known by its large size, very elongate forewings (of which the costa is still strongly arched) and cloudy longitudinal suffusion. I took four specimens (two males, and two females) amongst dry bush at Sydney and Parramatta in the very early spring months, July and August ; they appeared very sluggish and inactive. 11. Tort, concordana, n. sp, $ ? . 6|"-8". Head, palpi, and thorax whitish-grey. Antennte whitish, slenderly annulated with dark fuscous. Abdomen whitish-grey, sides and anal tuft whitish-ochreous. Legs whitish, anterior and middle tarsi and tibia) suffused with dark fuscous above. Forewings moderate, in female rather more elongate, costa rather strongly arched, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; whitish-grey, very faintly ochreous-tinged, in one female with small scattered ochreous spots towards inner margin ; sometimes a few scattered blackish scales towards hindmargin : cilia whitish- ochreous, extremities paler. Hindwings whitish or whitish-grey, slightly darker posteriorly ; cilia whitish, faintly ochreous-tinged round apex. Characterised by the unicolorous whitish-grey forewings ; very closely allied to T. indigestana, but the forewings are shorter and broader (especially in male), the groundcolour is lighter, glossier, and slightly ochreous-tinged, especially in cilia, there are at most only a few scattered black scales posteriorly, and there is no reddish cliscal suffusion. Larva rather stout, posteriorly somewhat attenuated, with a few whitish hairs ; dull grey-green, slightly brownish tinged, spots hardly paler ; head and second segment black, very glossy ; anal segment ochreous. Feeds in spun-up shoots, or amongst several cylindrically-united leaves of Hibbertia linearis and S. fasciculata (Dilleniacecu); these larvee were found in July, and the imagos emerged in August. 520 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, Conunon[in^open bush, amongst its food-plant near Sydney and Parramatta, and at Melbourne, in the spring, August and September, and again in March. 12. Tort, indigestana, n. sp. $ ? . 5f-"-7£". Head, palpi, and thorax whitish-grey or whitish, mixed with darker. Antennre whitish, annulated with dark fuscous, in female somewhat suffused. Abdomen pale grey, sides and anal tuft whitish-ochreous. Legs whitish, anterior and middle tibiae and tarsi suffused with dark fuscous. Forewings elongate, rather narrow, in female more elongate, costa moderately arched, hindmargin very obliquely rounded ; pale ashy-gre}-, mixed with darker, and irregularly irrorated with black scales ; a more or less distinct reddish suffusion on disc beyond middle : cilia whitish, with a faint grey line near base. Near T. concordana, but rather smaller, the forewings narrower and more elongate, with the hindmargin more oblique, the groundcolour darker and coarsely irrorated with black, with a mixture of reddish in disc. Larva undistinguished from that of T. concordana ; feeding in spun-up shoots or amongst joined leaves of Hibbertia linearis, in July. Less common than the preceding ; occurring in similar localities near Sydney, in August and September. 13. Tort, aerodana, n. sp. $ • 4£ "-5 \". Head, palpi, and thorax whitish-grey mixed with dark grey. Antennae dark fuscous-grey, sometimes with whitish annulations. Abdomen light grey, anal tuft whitish. Legs grey- whitish, anterior and middle tibiae and tarsi suffused with dark fuscous. Forewings narrow, costa slightly arched, hindmargin very obliquely rounded ; dark grey, irrorated with ashy-whitish and black scales ; sometimes there is a distinct ochreous slender oblique fascia from middle of costa to inner margin before anal BY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 521 angle, and costal spot at three-fourths, but these are often imper- ceptible ; cilia whitish-grey mixed with darker. Hindwings dark grey ; cilia paler, with a dark grey line near base. $ . 6£"-7". Head, etcsetera, as in male. Abdomen whitish- ochreous. Forewings with costa somewhat more arched towards base, hindmargin very oblique ; paler than in male, without trace of fascia : cilia whitish. Hindwings whitish, posteriorly whitish- grey ; cilia white, with a faint grey line near base. Allied to T. indigestana, but the male is much smaller and narrower- winged, the forewings much darker, often with a distinct ochreous fascia and costal spot, and the hindwings dark grey ; the female, being paler, and with whitish hindwings, is hardly separable from T. indigestana female, but appears more uniform pale grey, with less distinct blackish irroration, and without any reddish tinge in disc. I took eight specimens (six males, and two females) amongst dry low heathy scrub near Hamilton, on the Waikato, New Zealand, in January. 14. Tort, siriana, n. sp. £ . 4|"-5J". Head, palpi, and thorax deep brownish-ochreous. Antennae ochreous, annulated with dark fuscous. Abdomen blackish-fuscous. Legs pale greyish-ochreous, anterior and middle tibiae and all tarsi suifusedly banded with dark fuscous. Forewings narrow, costa gently arched, hindmargin very obliquely rounded ; deep brownish-ochreous, generally mixed with dark fuscous posteriorly, sometimes throughout ; usually a distinct blackish dot on disc beyond middle : cilia brownish-ochreous, at anal angle mixed with dark fuscous. Hindwings blackish ; cilia blackish, extremities ochreous round apex. $ . 6|". Head, et ccetera, as in male. Abdomen whitish- ochreous. Forewings rather more elongate, apex more acute, hindmargin very oblique ; unicolorous reddish-ochreous ; cilia 1H 522 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LFPIDOPTERA, ochreous, reddish-tinged towards apex, extremities whitish towards anal angle. Hindwings whitish, apex faintly greyish ; cilia whitish. A very distinct species, in form resembling T. aerodana; characterised by its small size, and the uniform deep brownish- ochreous or reddish-ochreous forewings ; the hindwings are blackish in male, whitish in female. I found the male abundant (and took one female), in the hot sunshine amongst long grass in a very restricted locality on the skirts of virgin forest near Hamilton, New Zealand ; they appeared to fly amongst the tops of the grass, but were difficult to see. 15. Tort, concolorana, n. sp. $. 5£". Head, palpi, and antennae smoky-grey. Thorax ochreous-yellow. Abdomen dark grey. Legs whitish, anterior and middle tibire and all tarsi suffused with dark grey. Fore- wings moderate, costa moderately arched, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; unicolorous ochreous-yellow ; cilia slightly paler, extremities whitish. Hindwings smoky-grey, posteriorly darker- cilia smoky-grey, with a dark grey line near base. In form of wing resembling the following ; recognisable by the unicolorous yellow forewings, and the sharply contrasted dark grey head. One specimen, taken in dry bush near Sydney in September. 16. Tort, standishana, Newman. (Tortrix .standishana, Newman, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., N.S. III., 286). S ? • 5|"-7-i". Head ochreous-yellow. Palpi dark fuscous. Antennae dark fuscous. Thorax dark purplish-fuscous. Abdomen ochreous-grey. Legs whitish-ochreous, anterior and middle tibia) and all tarsi suffused with dark fuscous. Forewings BY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 523 moderate, costa gently arched, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; ochreous-yellow, with a fuscous-purple band along hindmargin, moderately broad towards costa, gradually attenuated to anal angle : cilia yellowish mixed with grey, extremities paler. Hind- wings fuscous-grey ; cilia grey, with a dark fuscous line near base. A small species, but conspicuously distinct through the purplish hindmarginal band on the yellow forewings. Newman's description appears certainly referable to this species. Rather common in low dry bush near Sydney, flying near the ground towards sunset; also at Blackheath (3,600 feet) on the Blue Mountains, and I have received specimens from Coomoo- boolaroo, near Duaringa, Northern Queensland ; Newman's type was from the ranges near Melbourne. It is on the wing from August to October, and again in March. 20. Dipterina, 11. (J. Thorax generally with a very small crest. Antennae in male somewhat thickened, biciliated with long fine cilia. Palpi moderate, porrected, second joint triangularly rough-scaled, terminal joint almost concealed. Forewings rather elongate, costa in male simple, evenly arched, hindmargin very oblique, almost sinuate, rounded. Hindwings rounded-trapezoidal, not broader than forewings. Forewings with veins 7 and 8 separate, 7 running to hindmargin, secondary cell distinct. Hindwings with veins 3 and 4 from a point, 5 slightly approximated to 4 at base, 6 and 7 stalked. Allied to Tortrix and Arotrophora, but distinguished from both by the stalking of veins 6 and 7 of hindwings, the presence of a distinctly marked secondary cell in forewings, and the long fine double cilia of the antennse in male. In superficial appearance the species rather remind one of Sciaphila. I have four Australian and one New Zealand species, which may be thus arranged : 524 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, A. Forewings pale yellow, with blackish markings 1 . tasmaniana. B. Forewings whitish. 1. Central fascia straight, oblique . . . .2. tribolana. 2. Central fascia angulated 5. imbriferana. C. Forewings grey, with darker markings ..4. rupicolana. D. Forewings dark purplish-fuscous, with blackish transverse lines 3. refluana. 1. Dipt, tasmaniana, Walk. fConchylis tasmaniana, Walk., Brit. Mus. Cat. 36.5). <$ ? . 5"-7". Head and palpi deep yellow. Antenna whitish, annulated with dark fuscous, basal joint yellow. Thorax blackish- fuscous. Abdomen dark fuscous. Legs yellowish, anterior and middle tibiee and all tarsi banded with dark fuscous. Forewings subtriangular, costa hardly arched, hindmargin obliquely rounded- pale yellow, tinged with orange towards base ; an indistinct blackish dash on base of inner margin ; a blackish subtriangular patch on costa towards base, its apex reaching two-thirds across wing ; a moderately broad straight blackish fascia from middle of costa to inner margin slightly beyond middle, its edges slightly irregular ; a black dot on costa beyond it ; a blackish hind- marginal band, rather broad on costa, with a blunt projecting tooth above middle, thence attenuated to anal angle, and slenderly produced along inner margin to meet central fascia ; in this band is usually enclosed a yellow dot on costa : cilia yellow, black at apex and anal angle, and suffusedly blackish along base. Hind- wings fuscous-grey, towards apex dark fuscous ; cilia fuscous-grey with a dark fuscous line near base. A very distinct species, not liable to be confused with any other. Mr. G. H. Eaynor took this species in plenty at Melbourne in gardens, during September and October ; Walker's type is from Tasmania. BY E. MEYRICK B.A. 525 2. Dipt, tribolana, n. sp. <$ 6A-"-7". Head and palpi whitish-ochreous mixed with fuscous. Antennae whitish-ochreous, annulated with dark fuscous. Thorax dark fuscous, shoulders mixed with whitish-ochreous. Abdomen dark fuscous. Legs ochreous-whitish, anterior and middle tibial and all tarsi banded with dark fuscous. Forewings subtriangular, costa slightly arched, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; whitish, irregularly irrorated with fuscous ; costa and inner margin coarsely strigulated with dark fuscous, last three costal strigula) ]arger and subquadrate ; basal patch dark ochre- ous-fuscous mixed with black, towards base mixed with whitish, its oviter edge extending from one-fifth of costa to one-fourth of inner margin, sharply angulated in middle ; central fascia rather narrow, oblique, from before middle of costa to inner margin before anal angle, dark ochreous-fuscous mixed with blackish, its posterior margin with an obtuse projecting tooth below middle ; beyond central fascia is an obscure greyish-fuscous cloud towards costa, suffusedly connected with it ; a dark ochreous-fuscous hindmarginal band, mixed with blackish, broadest in middle, attenuated each way to apex and anal angle : cilia whitish- ochreous, towards base brownish-ochreous mixed with blackish. Hindwings dark fuscous-grey ; cilia grey, with a dark fuscous line near base. Allied to D. tasmaniam, which it resembles in form of wing and position of markings ; but differing widely in the whitish groundcolour, and dark ochreous-fuscous tint of the markings, and the complete basal patch. Mr. Gr. H. Eaynor took five specimens at Mount Macedon, Victoria, in December. 3. Dipt, refluana, n. sp. $ . 91". Head, palpi, and thorax dark purplish-fuscous mixed with blackish. Antennas light purplish-fuscous, annulated 526 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPLDOPTERA, with blackish. Abdomen dark ochreous-grey. Legs whitish- ochreous mixed with grey ; anterior and middle tibiae and tarsi dark fuscous with pale rings. Forewings moderately broad, costa arched towards base, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; dark purplish-fuscous, suffused with purplish-grey, and crossed by numerous irregular transverse broken blackish lines ; a black tooth of scales on inner margin near base : cilia dark purple- fuscous, with a darker central line. Hindwings grey, spotted with dark fuscous-grey ; cilia grey, with a dark fuscous-grey line near base. Allied to D. rupicolana, from which it is separated by the dark purplish-fuscous colour and transverse blackish lines ; the male is unknown to me, but might be expected to have more distinct markings, as in D. rupicolana. One female taken by Mr. G. H. Eaynor near Melbourne. 4. Dipt, rupicolana, n. sp. <$ $ . 6f"-9". Head, palpi, and thorax dark grey mixed with paler. Antennae whitish-grey, annulated with dark fuscous. Abdomen pale ochreous-grey. Legs whitish-grey, anterior and middle tibiae and all tarsi dark fuscous with pale rings. Fore- wings moderately broad, in male dilated posteriorly, costa moderately arched, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; light grey, more or less suffused with darker grey, and with numerous scattered black transverse strigulae ; costa and inner margin strigulated with blackish, last five costal strigulae dilated into small subquadrate spots ; extreme base of wing dark fuscous- grey ; outer edge of basal patch represented by an irregular interrupted blackish line from one-fifth of costa to one-fifth of inner margin, angulated in middle ; central fascia narrow, oblique, dark grey, irregularly margined with blackish, in female often obsolete, running from before middle of costa to beyond middle of inner margin, attenuated at lower extremity ; a small cloudy dark grey irregular spot on anal angle, and another on hind- BY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 527 margin above it, connected with the five subquadrate costal spots by curved rows of blackish scales : cilia grey, with two obscure blackish lines. Hind wings whitish-grey spotted with dark grey ; cilia whitish-grey, with a dark grey line near base. A dull-looking species, distinguished by its grey colouring, with darker grey markings ; the female is more obscure than the male. Tolerably common in shady well-sheltered spots in the bush, generally amongst rocks, near Sydney and Parramatta, and also taken at Murrurundi, and at Blackheath on the Blue Mountains ; an early spring insect, occuring in August and September, and on the mountains in October. 5. Dipt, imbriferana, n. sp. <$ ? . 4"-5£". Head and palpi whitish mixed with grey. Antenna) whitish. Thorax fuscous-grey, mixed with whitish on sides. Abdomen grey, sides and anal tuft whitish. Legs whitish, anterior and middle tibise and all tarsi suffusedly banded with dark fuscous. Forewings rather elongate, costa moderately arched, hindmargin obliquely rounded; whitish, sometimes faintly clouded with grey ; costa and inner margin obscurely strigulated with fuscous-grey ; basal patch light fuscous-grey, outer edge extending from one-fourth of costa to one-fourth of inner margin, angulated in middle ; central fascia fuscous-grey, margined with dark fuscous, moderately narrow towards costa, rather broader beneath, running from middle of costa to middle of inner margin, angulated in middle ; an obscure fuscous-grey cloudy spot on anal angle ; a dark fuscous-grey spot on costa at three-fourths, connected with middle of hindmargin by an obscure line ; apex sometimes clouded with grey : cilia whitish, with a grey line near base. Hindwings grey, darker posteriorly ; cilia grey, with a darker line near base. 528 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, Not very near any of the other species ; characterised by the whitish groundcolour, grey markings, and especially the angulated central fascia. I took five specimens amongst bush near Auckland and Wellington, New Zealand, in January. 21. Arotrophora, n. g. Thorax smooth. Antenna? in male somewhat thickened, strongly dentate, ciliated with tufts of hairs. Palpi very long, second joint elongate-triangularly scaled, attenuated to apex, terminal joint short, distinct. Tore wings elongate, costa in male simple, gently and evenly arched, hindmargin obliquely rounded or nearly straight. Hindwings rather elongate, broader than forewings. Forewings with veins 7 and 8 separate, 7 running to hindmargin. Hindwings with veins 3 and 4 rising from a point, 5 approximated to 4 at base, 6 and 7 separate. Larva sixteen-legged, stout, feeding in seed-heads. Allied to Tortrix, but distinguished by the long palpi, and by the antennae of male, which are very strongly dentate, and furnished with a tuft of cilia on the apex of each tooth. I have five Australian and one New Zealand species, thus tabulated : A. Head and thorax ochreous-yellow ..2. xythopterana. B. Head and thorax dark fuscous . . . . 1. incessana. 0. Head and thorax whitish, sometimes greyish-tinged. 1. Forewings without ochreous tinge ..5. confusana. 2. Forewings with more or less reddish- ochreous suffusion. a. A well-defined straight dark reddish streak from apex to anal angle ..3. arcuatalis, b. No such streak 4. lividana. D. Head and thorax rather dark grey ..6. atimana. BY E. MEYBICK, B.A. 529 1. Arotr. incessana, Walk. (Teras incessana, Walk., Brit. Mus. Cat. 304). $ . 6"-8". Head, palpi, antennae, thorax, and abdomen dark fuscous ; palpi long. Legs whitish-ochreous, anterior and middle pair and posterior tarsi suffused with dark fuscous above. Fore- wings subtriangular, posteriorly dilated, costa moderately arclied, apex rather acute, hindmargin sinuate, oblique ; reddish-fuscous, indistinctly strigulated with darker, with dark fuscous markings ; basal patch obscure, its outer edge nearly straight, not oblique, most distinct on inner margin ; central fascia moderately broad, not oblique, from middle of costa to middle of inner margin, its anterior edge straight, well-defined, its posterior edge suffused, connected with an obscure dark cloud on disc beyond middle ; a triangular spot on costa at three-fourths ; a short erect streak from anal angle, reaching nearly half across wing : cilia pale reddish-fuscous, with a blackish line along base. Hindwings fuscous-grey, indistinctly spotted with darker ; cilia pale grey, with a darker line near base. Distinguished amongst its allies by the reddish-fuscous ground- colour, and especially by the well-defined straight, not oblique, anterior edge of central fascia. I took one specimen amongst bush near Auckland, New Zealand, in January ; and there are two others in the British Museum from the same locality, agreeing with mine in all respects. 2. Arotr. xythopterana, n. sp. cJ . 8£". Head and thorax ochreous-yellow. Palpi very long, ochreous-yellow above, ochreous-fuscous beneath. Antenna) dark fuscous, basal joint yellow. Abdomen dark grey. Legs grey-whitish, anterior and middle tibiae and all tarsi suffused above with dark fuscous-grey. Forewings moderately broad, costa rather strongly arched, hindmargin straight, oblique, rounded beneath ; pale yellowish-ochreous, apical half (beyond 530 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, a line from costa at two-fifths very obliquely outwards to disc beyond middle, sharply angulated and continued obliquely inwards to middle of inner margin) dark reddish-ochreous-fuscous, strewn with numerous small dark leaden-grey spots ; a dark fuscous dot at the angulation ; a small cloudy dark reddish - ochreous-fuscous spot, mixed with grey, on inner margin before middle ; a suffused dark ochreous-grey cloud from apex to inner margin at two-thirds : cilia dark fuscous-grey, with two blackish lines. Hindwings light fuscous-grey spotted with darker ; cilia grey, with two dark grey lines. A distinct and handsome species, characterised by the well- marked contrast between the pale yellowish basal and dark ochreous-brown apical halves of the fore wings ; allied to A. arcuatalis, but broader-winged, costa more arched, and hindmargin rather less oblique. One male beaten from a Banhsia near Parramatta, New South Wales, in March ; a second from Banks ia spinulosa at Mittagong. 3. Arotr. arcuatalis, Walk. fScopula arcuatalis, Walk., Brit. Mus. Cat. (Pyral.) ; Eromcne transcissella, ibid. Suppl. 1763). $ ? . 7£"-ll". Head and thorax whitish, shoulders whitish- ochreous. Palpi very long, whitish, externally on sides pale ochreous or reddish-ochreous. Antenna) whitish-ochreous, basal joint white. Abdomen whitish-ochreous. Legs whitish, anterior and middle tibia) and tarsi suffusedly banded with grey. Fore- wings elongate, triangular, costa slightly arched near base, thence nearly straight, hindmargin straight, oblique ; whitish, very finely irrorated with grey, with reddish-ochreous markings ; a dark reddish-ochreous streak from base beneath costa to one-third thence bent obliquely downwards to centre of disc, and again upwards to beneath costa at two-thirds, sometimes faintly con- tinued to costa before apex ; the space between this line and costa is grey, suffused with reddish-ochreous along costa, some- BY E. MEYKICK, B.A. 531 times wholly reddish-ochreous ; a dark reddish-ochreous streak along submedian fold from base to middle ; a black dot on disc at two-thirds ; a straight dark reddish-ochreous streak, posteriorly- darker and sharply defined, from apex to just before anal angle, and amore slenderdark reddish-ochreous streak along hindmargin from apex to below middle : cilia whitish, irrorated with grey, with a dark grey line near base. Hindwings whitish-grey ; cilia whitish-grey, with a dark grey line near base. Always recognisable by the distinct dark reddish-ochreous lines on the grey-whitish forewings ; variable in size, but always considerably larger and rather broader-winged than the three following species ; the palpi are also comparatively longer. Larva stout, cylindrical ; rather dull uniform carmine-pink ; head black. Feeds in the flower-cones of Banhsia serrata (Pro- tectees), burrowing through the substance of the cone whilst the seeds are forming. Larvee found in July and August emerged in October, and others found in January emerged in February. Rather common at Sydney and Parramatta, and at Blackheath on the Blue Mountains (3,600 feet), from October to December, and in February ; the imago is inactive, and when beaten out usually flies straight to the ground. 4. Arotr. lividana, n. sp. $ $ . 5"-6". Head and thorax whitish tinged with grey. Palpi long, whitish mixed with grey. Antenna) whitish-grey. Abdomen whitish-grey. Legs whitish, anterior and middle tibia) and tarsi banded with dark fuscous-grey. Forewings elongate, narrow, costa slightly arched, hindmargin straight, very oblique ; whitish, coarsely irrorated with grey, and more or less strongly suffused with dark grey along margins, more widely along basal two-thirds of costa and along hindmargin ; costa and inner margin strigulated with darker ; a dark grey spot, often suffused with reddish-ochreous, above submedian fold at one-third ; an 532 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, ill-defined dark grey cloud, more or less suffused with reddish- ochreous, in middle of disc, confluent with costal suffusion ; the reddish-ochreous suffusion is sometimes more or less distinctly produced to base, and extends to costa : cilia whitish-grey, with two dark fuscous-grey lines. Hindwings pale fuscous-grey ; cilia whitish-grey, with a fuscous-grey line near base. This and the two following species are very closely allied together, and differ from the three preceding by their small size, and narrow wings, with more oblique hindmargin. A. lividana differs from both A. confmana and A. atimana by the always perceptible reddish-ochreous discal suffusion, more whitish groundcolour, and grey marginal suffusion. Six specimens taken at Sydney and Bulli, New South Wales, and near Brisbane, Queensland, in September and October ; this and the two following species all seem to frequent species of Banks ia, and their larvse probably feed in the same way as A. arcuatalis. 5. Arotr. confusana, Walk. (Pcedisca confusana, Walk., Brit. Mus. Cat., 381). £ . 5"-5V'. Head and thorax whitish-grey. Palpi long, whitish-grey mixed with darker. Antennse whitish-grey. Abdomen whitish-grey, towards base and at apex whitish-ochre- ous. Legs whitish, anterior and middle tibia? and tarsi suffusedly banded with dark fuscous. Fore wings moderately elongate, costa moderately arched, hindmargin straight, oblique; whitish- grey, irrorated with darker ; costa and inner margin obscurely strigulated with dark fuscous-grey; an indistinct somewhat triangular dark fuscous-grey spot on inner margin at one-third ; an outwardly oblique dark fuscous-grey streak from costa at one- third, reaching half across wing ; a rather broader oblique wedge- shaped dark fuscous-grey spot on middle of costa, meeting a small white spot in middle of disc, which is connected with inner margin beyond middle by an indistinct dark fuscous-grey cloud ; BY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 533 a triangular fuscous-grey spot on costa at three-fourths ; an oblique fuscous-grey streak near hindmargin from anal angle, not reach- ing apex ; a dark fuscous-grey line along hindmargin : cilia whitish-grey, with two dark grey lines. Hindwings whitish, faintly greyish-tinged ; cilia whitish, with a faint grey line near base. Rather broader- winged than either A. lividana or A. atimana; more greyish -tinged than A. lividana, without reddish-ochreous suffusion, and with well-defined dark grey transverse markings on costal half of wing, which are not found in A . lividana ; lighter than A . atimana, with less suffused and more numerous markings differing in position. Eight specimens taken amongst Banhsia near Sydney, in October, and again in March and April. 6. Arotr. atimana, n. sp. $ ? . 4f"-5£". Head, palpi, and thorax rather dark grey. Antennae pale grey. Abdomen whitish-grey. Legs whitish, anterior and middle tibiae and tarsi banded with dark fuscous. Forewings elongate, narrow, costa gently arched, hindmargin straight, very oblique, anal angle almost obliterated ; light grey, very indistinctly strigulated with darker ; a suffused oblique dark fuscous-grey streak from costa at one-fourth, and another inwardly oblique from costa in middle, their extremities confluent in middle of disc ; three or four suffused subquadrate dark fuscous-grey spots on costa between middle and apex ; some indistinct dark grey transverse streaks towards inner margin : cilia whitish-grey, without distinct lines. Hindwings wihitish-grey at base, darker grey posteriorly ; cilia whitish-grey. Narrower-winged than either of the other species, and with extremely oblique hindmargin ; also rather smaller and darker than either A. lividana or A. confusana, with two suffused darker streaks forming a triangle with costa before middle. Four specimens taken near Sydney in August and January. 534 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, The next paper will include the species of the families Grapho- lithidcc and Conchyliclce, completing the Tortricina ; as an appendix to which I propose to add a list of Walker's descriptions of the group, referred to their proper species and genera, by way of index. ADDENDA. Whilst the foregoing descriptions were passing through the press I have obtained an additional new species, and further information respecting three species described above, particulars of which are here subjoined. Capua parmiferana, n. sp. $. 5 1". Head pale greyish-ochreous on crown, face dark fuscous. Palpi dark fuscous. Antenna} greyish-ochreous. Thorax light greyish-ochreous. Abdomen light grey. Legs light grey, anterior and middle tibiae and tarsi dark fuscous with light greyish-ochreous rings. Fore wings rather narrow, costa gently arched, bent before middle, hindmargin oblique, slightly sinuate ; pale greyish-ochreous, with scattered faint pale grey slightly metallic transverse striguloe ; basal patch indicated by a few dark fuscous scales in disc and towards inner margin about one-third ; a purplish-grey rounded-triangular patch extending along costa from two-fifths almost to apex, and reaching half across wing, its anterior margin bordered by a strong blackish- fuscous streak, posterior margin with several irregular blackish- fuscous spots, included portion of costa also spotted with blackish- fuscous ; a slender suffused blackish-fuscous streak along upper half of hindmargin ; a few blackish-fuscous scales at anal angle : cilia pale greyish-ochreous, indistinctly chequered with purplish- grey, bars becoming confluent on basal half towards upper part of hindmargin. Hindwings rather light grey ; cilia light grey, darker near base, extreme base whitish. BY E. MEYBJCK, B.A. 535 A very distinct species, allied to C. vacuana and C. hemicosmana, but readily known by the dark costal triangular patch. One male, taken in a gully near Sydney in October. Cryptoptila immersana, Walk. The discovery of the larva of this insect has revealed the very extraordinary and startling fact that it is the female of Caccecia australana, Lw. It becomes now questionable whether the costal tuft of the hindwings, being confined to the female sex, is a sufficient basis for generic distinction, curious as it is. I think it will perhaps be better to regard the insect for the present as an extreme type of Caccecia, but further knowledge of the group may confirm the original separation of the genus. The specific name australana, Lw. will be retained as the oldest. Larva elongate, cylindrical, when at rest curiously flattened posteriorly, head rather large, anal segment flattened ; dark bluish-grey above, yellowish-green on sides ; spots raised, rather large, greenish-yellowish ; head and second segment whitish- bluish, head with four large black spots on posterior margin, and some black marks round mouth ; second segment with an oblique linear black mark on each side ; anal segment pale whitish-blue. It feeds in folded and irregularly joined leaves of Hedera and Lonicera (garden ivy and honeysuckle) ; also, accord- ing to Lewin, on Embothrium speciosissimum, so that it is probably polyphagous. These singular larvre were found abundantly towards the end of August near Parramatta, and imagos appeared about the end of September. Tortrix trygoclana. I have since taken this species in abundance near Sale, Gripps- land, flying very readily in somewhat swampy grass plains in September. It is very variable in appearance ; the description applies to a well-marked type, but the markings are very commonly 536 ON A SPECIES OF THE PHASMATIDiE, more or less wholly obsolete, represented only by a few coarse scattered dark fuscous scales. The species is however a good and distinct one, separated, as indicated above, from its nearest allies by the darker hindwings. Arotrophora xythopterana. Larva moderately stout, cylindrical, rather tapering posteriorly ; dull bluish-grey-green, spots darker ; head and second segment black. It feeds in a short stiff silken tube amongst leaves of Lomatia silaifolia (Protectee), discolouring them conspicuously. Pupa in a firm silken cocoon covered with refuse, within the end of the tube. The larvae were found in July, and I bred two imagos (male and female) at the beginning of August. On A SPECIES OF THE PlIASMATID/E DESTRUCTIVE TO EUCALYPTI. By AVilliam Macleay, F.L.S. At a meeting of this Society last month, Mr. C. S. Wilkinson, the Government Geologist, exhibited three specimens of a Phasma which he had obtained a week or two previously in the vicinity of the Binda Caves, in the county of Westmoreland. He informed the meeting that he had found these insects in amazing numbers in that locality ; that the trees for miles around were completely denuded of leaves, and that the dead and dying insects were lying beneath the trees almost in heaps. The occurrence of a Phasma in such numbers is a very remark- able fact, and perfectly new as far as my experience goes. I judge also from observations made at the time of Mr. Wilkinson's announcement by the members present that all were equally struck with the unusual character of the occurrence. The PhasmidoB or Phasmatida as they are now more properly called, are, as we know, all leaf-eaters, and it is rare in any part of the BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.S. 537 country in the summer season to find a gum tree without a few of these insects grazing on it. But, though very widely and generally distributed, this is the first instance I believe recorded of one of the family being found in such multitudes as to cause the entire destruction of large areas of forest. Mr. Wilkinson's discovery shows, however, that such cases occur, and the question will naturally arise in many minds : " May not the hitherto unaccountable death of gum trees over large areas in different parts of the country be due to the occasional superabundance of the leaf-eating Orthoptera ? Among the many causes suggested for the dying out of the gum tree over large areas, as may be seen for instance throughout a large portion of the Lake George Basin, I have heard the opossum named, and this probably, because observers may have noticed the dying trees looking as if their leaves had been eaten ; but I never could believe that an animal which, like the opossum, is fond of travelling long distances at night in search of food would fix himself to leafless trees for a period long enough to cause their death. But Mr. Wilkinson's Phasma clearly does denude trees completely of their leaves, and it is inevitable that a tree submitted to such a process for two or more consecutive years must die. From what is known of the habits of the Phasmatidce, I should say that they are the most likely of all insects to retain their position on a tree or in a mass of trees as long as they possibly can, and that when their food supply is exhausted by the death of the tree, they drop to the ground and die. Many of the Phasmatidce, no doubt, have wings, and Mr. Wilkinson's species rather large ones ; but, unlike their saltatorial and migratorial brethren, the Gnjllidce and Locustidce, they seldom use them, and never take long flights. Among the Phasmatidce most, if not all, the adult insects die at the beginning of winter, dropping off the trees as soon as the frosts set in, but they have previously fastened their egg-cases securely on the upper branches, so that the warmth of spring produces an abundant crop of young to complete the destruction commenced by their parents. II '538 ON A SPECIES OF THE PHASHATIDjE, Mr. Wilkinson has kindly presented me with the specimens he exhibited at last meeting. I find them to be of a new and nndescribed species, closely allied to the well-known Sydney species Podocanthus typlion, but differing in some important particulars. I name it after its discoverer. Podocanthus Wilkinsoni. Head above, behind the antennae, with several impressed longitudinal lines, antennre twenty-four jointed, about the length of the anterior legs in the male, shorter in the female. Prothorax narrower than the head, and becoming narrower to its junction with the mesothorax, its length being about equal to the length of the head behind the antennas ; the mesothorax is rather narrower and scarcely longer than the prothorax except at its base, where it widens out ; it is covered beneath and on the sides with small tubercles, and on the back with a double row of five larger tubercles ; the metathorax is longer than the mesothorax, and much wider ; it is sharply tubercutated beneath, as are also, though in a less degree, the abdominal segments. The tegmina are rather pointed— in the female half the length of the wings, in the male about one-third. The wings are moderately large and equal in both sexes. The legs are rather short ; the hind femora strongly dentated beneath on the inner and outer edge, with a deep groove between ; the intermediate femora are armed in the same way, but not so strongly ; and the anterior are grooved beneath, but not dentated. The basal joint of the tarsi is a little the longest, except in the intermediate legs. The specimens have been in spirits and therefore it is impossible to make out the colouration with certainty, but the body seems to have been of a reddish-brown, almost black beneath, the wing coverts yellowish, with the median carina brown, the costal area of the wings brownish-yellow, and the wings themselves hyaline, without any visible rosy tint. Length of male three inches six lines ; the female is not longer nor bulkier than the male. This BY W. MACLEAY, F.L.8. 539 uniformity of size in the sexes, if constant, is, I believe, quite unprecedented in this family of insects. If it should be found that the ravages of this or any other species of the Phasmatidce are the causes of the wide-spread destruction of trees now going on in many parts of the colony, it will, I think, be a simple matter to limit, where the timber is of sufficient value, the extent of the injury by clearing a wide belt round infested spaces. NOTES AND EXHIBITS. Dr. Cox exhibited a fine specimen of Cypraa prineeps from Warrior Eeef, Torres Straits, a rare shell, hitherto known only from the Red Sea. Also a specimen of ancient carving from the Solomon Islands, representing probably a deity holding a mask, and from New Zealand a " Meri " made from the lower jaw bone of a whale, and a grotesque figure of Greenstone the property of W. J. Dangar, Esq., of Neotsfield. Mr. Brazier exhibited Amplexa turrita, described in Professor Tate's paper. Also specimens of Ancylus Au&tr aliens and Limncea papyracea. ■*-*- WEDNESDAY, MAY 25th, 1881. W. J. Stephens, Esq., M.A., in the Chair. MEMBER ELECTED. J. J. Fletcher, Esq., M.A., Parramatta. DONATIONS. Report of Zoological Station Naples, for 1880. Proceedings of the Finland Society of Botany and Natural History for 1875-77 and 187-76 and 78. 540 ON SOME NEW AUSTRALIAN BRACHYURA, On Insect Variety, by A. H. Swinton. Proceedings of Boston Society of Natural History, Part 2 and 3, Vol. XX. Plants of North-west Australia, by Baron F. von Mueller, K.C.M.G., &c. Journal of Conchological Society. tapers read. On some new Australian Brachyura. By "William A. Haswell, M.A., B.Sc. Paramithrax spatulifer, n. sp. Carapace armed with a mesial longitudinal row of four spines ; the first two conical, acute, the first longer than the second, both situated on the posterior portion of the gastric region ; the third situated on the cardiac region, broad, antero-posteriorly com- pressed, and bifid ; the last, on the posterior border, broad, spatulate, heart-shaped ; two long sub-acute spines on each branchial region, the anterior directed outwards, upwards and slightly forwards, the posterior directed outwards, upwards and backwards. A compressed bifid spine on the lateral border of the branchial region. Rostrum formed of two rather slender, widely divergent cornua, each of which is bifurcate at the tip — the inner branch being much the smaller, and sometimes bifid — and has some irregular teeth along each border. Upper orbital margin produced upwards into a bifurcate process ; three post- orbital spines, the last the broadest and obliquely truncate. Basal joint of the antennas with a tubercle at the proximal end of the outer border, a spine at its distal end, and another at the antero-internal angle. Sub-hepatic and pterygostomial regions with one or two spiniform tubercles. External maxillipedes with scattered granules and with a longitudinal raised granular line on the ischium. Chelipedes in the male having the merus armed above with four compressed, cristiform teeth of which the last is BY W. A. HASWELL, M.A., B.Sc. 541 broader than the rest and bifid, and four below ; the carpus with two sinuous or entire crests, separated by a deep groove ; the propodos smooth, slightly dilated, its digital prolongation and the mobile dactylos each with a rounded tooth at their base, and meeting only near their apices, where they are armed with a row of about half a dozen small teeth. Chelipedes of the female differing from those of the male in having the propodos smaller, the digits less arched and without a tooth at the base. First pair of ambulatory legs longer than the rest, as long as the carapace and rostrum ; last pair a little more than three-fourths of the length of the first ; all four pairs covered with hooked hairs and with a spine at the end of their merus-joint. Carapace ornamented with bunches of hooked hairs. Total length Hlths inch ; breadth from tip to tip of anterior branchial spines nearly an inch. Rob. Port Stephens, dredged in about five fathoms. This species belongs to the section of the genus including CMorinus acantJtonotus of Adams and "White, C. longispina of De Haan, C. aculeatus of Milne-Edwards and Paramithrax halimoides, Miers, from all of which it is distinguished by the shape and arrangement of the spines on the carapace. Tiarinia elegans, n. s. Carapace elongate-triangular. Surface pitted, especially on the branchial and cardiac regions ; gastric regions with several tubercles, the largest situated in the middle line near the posterior boundary of the region, laterally compressed, subacute ; cardiac region with a prominent conical elevation ; branchial regions each with two conical prominences, with a small tubercle in front of them placed in an oblique line. Eostrum forming about one- third of the entire length, formed of two slender cornua which are contiguous to near the apex, where each curves outwards and ends in an acute point. Upper orbital margin not prominent. Merus of chelipedes punctate, with a few tubercles above and 542 GN SOME NEW AUSTRALIAN BRACHYURA, below ; propodos punctate, compressed, with a tooth above the articulation with the carpus. Finger widely gaping, meeting only at their tips' Ambulatory legs long and slender, with a few scattered tubercles on the merus- joints. Length Wths inch ; greatest breadth -L Vths inch. Hah. Broughton Islands, near Port Stephens, twenty-five fathoms. Xanthodes atromanus, n. s. Allied to X. notatus, Dana ; distinguished from it mainly by haying a prominent triangular tooth at the inner angle of the lower orbital border ; the chelipedes not ver}7 unecpual, the carpus of both slightly tuberculate externally, and with two pointed tubercles on its inner aspect, the propoda with a deep longitudinal groove on the outer surface near the upper border, the larger hand with two and the smaller with three longitudinal rows of tubercles below this; the fingers black, — the black extending backwards for some distance on the palm. Length iVths inch » breadth JJths. Hah. ? This species is distinguished from X. pachydactylus, A. M.- Edwards, by the presence of the rows of tubercles on the outer surface of the hands, and other points. Panopaous acutidens, n. s. Carapace moderately convex, with a series of granules and granular hairy tubercles in front and at the sides ; a long curved granular hairy ridge extending inwards and slightly forwards from near the base of the fourth lateral tooth ; smooth behind and in the centre. Front four-lobed, the median lobes broad, rounded, separated by a rounded excavation ; lateral lobes narrower and rather more prominent. Orbital margin granular, external hiatus wide. Antero-lateral margin with live wide compressed teeth, the hrst low and rounded, the second larger, BY W. A. HASWELL, M.A., B.Sc. 543 but truncate, the third a little longer than the second and sub- acute, the fourth and fifth sub-conical, acute. Chelipedes unequal, the right larger than the left, its carpus with two conical spines on the inner border, propodos dilated, with two or three small tubercles on its inner surface, carpus and propodos ornamented with small granules mostly disposed in transverse rows and beset with short bristles ; fingers stout, with rounded teeth, hooked at the tips ; left chelipede with the propodos narrower than that of the right, the fingers very long and slender, hooked at the tips and armed with triangular teeth. Abdomen of the male bordered with a close fringe of long hairs. Length of carapace liVth inch, breadth l^ths inch. Hah. Port Darwin. A near ally of Panopeus dentatus, Adams and White, but distinguished by the form of the antero-lateral teeth, etc. Pdumnus monilifera, n. s. Surface convex, smooth, regions faintly defined ; front divided by a deep notch into two prominent rounded lobes with granulated margins. A conical tooth between the front and the internal orbital hiatus. Borders of the orbit with a series of prominent granules. Antero-lateral borders with four teeth, of which the first is inconspicuous, each tooth capped by a cluster of granules. A cluster of three or four granules situated close together on either side of the middle line between and rather behind the orbits ; an oblique row of prominent granules on either side near the lateral borders continuous behind with the granules of the {.hird lateral tooth ; a short row of three or four granules behind this near the fourth lateral tooth. Anterior legs very large, the left a little larger than the right. Carpus, propodos and base of dactylos covered with prominent granules. Carapace and limbs covered with a short, close pubescence. Length of carapacQ |ths inch ; breadth Hths inch. Sab. Tasmania. 544 ON SOME NEW AUSTRALIAN BRACHYUKA, Pilummis inermis, n. s. Carapace slightly convex, postero-lateral borders converging ; surface smooth behind and in the centre, finely granular on the front and near the antero-lateral margins. Front convex, entire, with a slight mesial groove above. Orbital margins not toothed. Antero-lateral margins with three very obscure notches. Cheli- pedes with the propodos much larger in the male than in the female, very broad in the former, finely and closely granulous above, nearly smooth externally, but with a few obscure granules and a low longitudinal ridge near the lower margin ; the female finely granular above, on the proximal portion of the outer surface and below, and with a longitudinal row of granules on the outer surface close to the lower border, becoming a well- marked entire ridge on the digital portion. Anterior granular portion and anterior border of carapace, granular portion of chelipedes and borders of ambulatory legs clothed with long hairs Length of carapace Wths inch, breadth f ths inch. Hub. Port Jackson. Pilumnus glaberrimus, n. s. Carapace nearly scpiare, convex, postero-lateral borders nearly parallel ; surface smooth, glabrous, with a few scattered puncta- tions, no trace of inter-regional lines. Front nearly straight, almost entire, but with a very minute mesial notch. Antero- lateral margins rather prominent, with four very obscure low lobes. Orbital borders without teeth. Merus- joint of chelipedes smooth, triquetrous, with two acute teeth at its distal end above ; carpus smooth internally and externally, finely granulous above, its internal and distal angle slightly produced ; propodos much larger in the male than in the female, finely and closely granular above, it outer surface in the female with two regular longitudinal rows of granules, and below, close to the inferior margin, an acute ridge which is continued to near the extremity BY W. A. IIASWELL, M.A., B.Sc. 545 of the digital portion ; in the male smooth, or with a few irregular granules. Borders of the carapace, abdomen and legs lined with fringes of long hairs. Hob. Port Jackson. Pilumnus integer, u. s. Carapace deep, very convex antero-posteriorly, regions very indistinctly indicated, postero-lateral borders parallel. Surface linely granular. Front rather prominent, narrow (the breadth of the interorbital space being contained three and a half times in the breadth of the carapace), divided into two rounded lobes by a mesial notch. Antero-lateral borders entire. Chelipedes in the male very large, — the right propodos larger than the left — the latter granular over all the outer surface with the exception of a triangular space near the base of the mobile finger, the former only granular near the base, a granular ridge near the lower border of the propoda of both chelipedes, becoming entire on the digital portion to the apex of which it extends. Margins of carapace and limbs ornamented with fringes of hairs. Colour brick-red. Length of carapace vVths inch ; breadth nearly § ths inch. Hob. Port Jackson. Neither this species nor the preceding can be regarded as typical Pilumni, but their connections with Pilumnus are so close that I have thought it expedient to set them down provisionally as aberrant members of that genus. Melia (?) brevipes, n. s. Carapace smooth, broader than long, convex, especially in its anterior half. Front not deflexed, margin entire, slightly arched. Lateral borders slightly arched anteriorly, with an acute tooth directed forwards near the antero-lateral angle. Third joint of the external maxillipedes notched at its antero- 546 ON SOME NEW AUSTRALIAN BRACHYURA, internal angle for articulation with the fourth joint. Anterior legs stout ; carpus with an acute tooth internally ; propodos smooth, with a deep groove close to its lower border, at the distal extremity ; upper finger also canaliculated externally. Ambulatory legs rather short, smooth, and with a few hairs above and below. Length iVths inch ; breadth J inch. Griffith's Point, Western Port, about five fathoms. Pararuppellia, n. g. (Farm Eriphiidae). Carapace as in Ruppellia. Basal joint of the antenna; extremely short, not nearly reaching the front ; second joint stout, touching the front ; flagellum entirely excluded from the orbit by the union of the lower orbital border with the front. Pararuppellia saxicola, n. s. Carapace convex, very minutely granular ; front prominent, sex-dentate, the two median teeth more prominent and much broader than the lateral, truncate. Orbital margin finely granular, upper border with two fissures — an obtuse lobe at its inner end ; outer angle with two blunt teeth ; lower border with a rounded lobe near its inner angle. Antero-lateral margin thin, granular, divided by two wide notches into three low broad lobes, of which the first is the narrowest and the second the broadest ; behind this a prominent acute tooth directed forwards and outwards, its anterior border continued on the carapace as a granular ridge for a short distance. Chelipedes extremely large and swollen in the male, carpus minutely granular and punctate, with a few larger granules on its distal border, a strong tooth- like process at its inner and distal angle ; propodos unequal, the larger (in the male) longer than the carapace, the breadth about half the length, minutely granular and punctate above, jiunctato alone below ; a row of punctations forming a longitudinal groove on the lower and distal portion of the outer surface of the propodos, continued on tho digital portion ; dactylos granular BY W. A. HASWELL, M.A., B.Sc. 547 above close to its insertion, with a short groove on either side, a rounded lobe at the base of the cutting' edge, and four or five low teeth ; fingers of smaller chelipede each with a row of sub- equal rounded teeth. Ambulatory legs hairy on the borders. Length of carapace 2 -^th inches ; breadth 3 inches. Hob. Port Essington ; collected by Mr. Alex. Morton. This species is much used by the natives for food. Neptunus tomentosus, n. s. Carapace sligntly convex, finely granular and short-tomentose, shape approaching that of Amphitrite ; breadth about twice and a half the length. Front quadridentate, the teeth rounded, the median rather more prominent and rather narrower than the outer, separated by a deep fissure. Upper orbital margin with two fissures. Antero-lateral borders with eight acute, forward- curved teeth — the last nearly twice as long as the others. Anterior border of merus-joint of chelipedes with three acute teeth ; posterior border unarmed ; carpus strongly ridged, with a very long acute spine internally and two short acute spines externally ; propodos strongly ridged, with one spine at the base and two above the articulation of the dactylos ; fingers of both chelipedes with small, sub-equal teeth. Rah. Port Jackson. This species is closely allied to Lupa puhescem, Dana, (U. S. Explor. Exped. Crust, i., p. 274, pi. xvi., fig. 9,) but differs from it in having the frontal teeth rounded, the median pair being a little more prominent than the others, in having the last tooth of the lateral margins relatively shorter and in wanting the stout basal tooth on the dactylos. Eucrate affinis, n. s. Carapace smooth, convex ; a faint mesial frontal furrow bifurcated behind so as to bound the anterior portion of the 548 ON SOME NEW AUSTRALIAN BKACHYURA, protogastric region ; two slight ridge-like elevations near the antero-lateral border, and another running obliquely parallel to the postero-lateral border. Front straight, faintly notched in the middle. Inner orbital angle acute. Antero-lateral borders with four teeth, each of which is carinated. Anterior legs (in the male) dilated ; arm with a strong tooth above near its distal end, separated distally by a transverse groove from a second lower transverse elevation ; wrist with a small tooth at the distal and internal angle, very hairy externally ; hand smooth, with a longitudinal ridge close to the inferior border, and two rounded elevations between the bases of the fingers. Ambulatory legs long and slender, the three terminal joints hairy above and below. Length fihs inch ; breadth £ inch. Hah. Off Holborn Island, near Port Denison, 20 fathoms. This species is a near ally of E. crenatm, De Haan, (of which there is a specimen from Japan in the Australian Museum) but is distinguished from it by the presence of the short ridges on the lateral portions of the carapace, by the shape of the lateral teeth, and the acuteness of the internal orbital angle. Eucrate sexdentatus, n. s. Carapace convex, faintly granular at the sides, without ridses or grooves. Front as in the preceding species. Internal orbital angle not conspicuous. Antero-lateral margin three-toothed, teeth not carinated, the last spinous, separated by a slight interval from the second. Anterior legs nearly as in the pre- ceding species, but the second elevation on the upper border of the arm inconspicuous, and the tooth on the wrist more prominent and acute ; ambulatory legs with fewer and shorter hairs. Carapace with about twenty red spots. Length fths inch ; breadth iVths. Hub. Off Holborn Island, Port Denison, 2(J fath. BY W. A. HASWELL, M.A., B.Sc. 549 Macrophthalmus latifrons, n. s. Carapace about once and a half as broad as long ; surface very finely granulate. Front broad, about one-fourth of the total breadth. Orbits nearly transverse. Lateral borders arched, with three teeth separated by deep fissures, the first two broad, the third small. Anterior limbs in the male very large, finely granular like the carapace ; hand unarmed, with a granular raised line on the outer surface near the lower border. Immobile finger much bent downwards, regularly denticulated on its inner edge ; inner edge of mobile finger with a denticulated elevation near the base. Inner surface of the arm, edge of carapace, and basal joints of legs, with scattered slender hairs ; a thicker coating on the fourth and fifth joints of the ambulatory legs. Length of carapace f ths inch ; greatest breadth l^th inch. Hah. Port Philip. Utica setosipes, n. s. Surface of the carapace and ambulatory limbs covered with a very fine close pubescence. Front not very prominent, straight. Transverse ridge on the protogastric region well marked, divided by a narrow mesial furrow. Lateral borders very little arched anteriorly. Chelipedes (in the female) small ; propodos smooth, with a low narrow ridge close to its lower border extending to the tip of the digital prolongation ; digits slightly spoon-excavate at the tips. Last two joints of the ambulatory legs fringed below with long hairs. Length of carapace lirths inch ; breadth i- inch. Colour dark bi'own. Hah. Port Denison. Found on the sea-shore by Mr. Alex. Morton ; the species hitherto described are inhabitants of fresh water. Utica crassimana, n. s. Upper surface of carapace smooth, naked. Margin of front slightly concave. Lateral borders a little more arched than in 550 ON SOME NEW AUSTRALIAN BRACHYURA, tlic preceding species. Anterior legs very large in the male ; hand swollen, smooth ; fingers very widely gaping, the gap being covered over by a thick bundle of hairs arising from the bases of the fingers and the extremity of the palm ; a narrow ridge on the outer surface of the lower finger not continued on the palm ; inner borders of fingers finely toothed, apices slightly spoon- excavate. Ambulatory legs finely tomentose, terminal and penultimate joints fringed below with long hairs. Colour light pink with purple markings. Length J inch ; breadth fths inch. Holborn Island, near Port Denison, on the sea-shore. A near ally of TJ. harbimana, A. M.-Edw., hut differing from it in the relatively broader carapace, the larger hands, the more arched fingers, hairy terminal joints of the ambulatory legs, and other points. Chasmagnathus convexus, n. s. Carapace strongly convex both in the transverse and the antero-posterior direction ; surface very minutely granular, lateral border arched anteriorly, with one tolerably deep incision. Front strongly deflexed, its anterior border with a slight angular mesial incision and a lateral shallow concavity so as to appear very obscurely four-lobed. Anterior legs (in the female) very finely granulate ; fingers regularly toothed, a slight space between them at the base. Length f-ths inch ; breadth 1 inch. Hah. Shoalhaven (Australian Museum.) Hymenosoma rostratum, n. s. Carapace sub-orbiculate, rather longer than broad. Rostrum produced, acute, slightly recurved ; an obscure tooth at its base in front of the eye ; a prominent acute tooth behind the eye, and another about the middle of the lateral margin. Three prominent tubercles on the pterygostomial regions. Chelipedes in the male very large, arm trigonal, a sharp tooth at the distal end of its upper border ; carpus with three short, much elevated, BY W. A. HASWELL, M.A., B.Sc. 551 tooth-like carinre ; propoclos broad, compressed, prominently keeled above, obscurely keeled below ; fingers each with a basal tooth ; immobile finger with a second but lower elevation about the middle. Length iVths inch ; breadth £ inch. Hab. Griffiths' Point, Port Western, Victoria. Synonymy of and remarks upon two Australian species of Melania. By J. Brazier, C.M.Z.S., &c. 1. Melania Tatei, Brazier. Melania tetrica, Conrad (non Gould ) Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences, Phil., p. 11, 1850. American Journal Conch, ii., p. 80, pi. 1, fig. 9, 1866. Melania Balonnensis, Brot (non Conrad) in Martini and Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. p. 287, pi. 28, fig. 14 and 14 b., 1874. Hab. Pichmond and Clarence Rivers, New South Wales, Wide Bay, Port Curtis and the upper Brisbane River, Queensland (Brazier). Rivers of South-east Australia fConradJ. This species is only found in the rivers and small creeks of New South Wales and Queensland. Mr. Conrad is evidently wrong when he quotes the rivsrs of South-east Australia or his specific names of M. tetrica and Balonnensis have got transferred. Dr. A. Brott in his " Materiaux pour servir a 1' etude de la famille cles Melaniens. Additions et Corrections au Catalogue Systematique des Especes qui composent la Famille des Melaniens 64 pages 3 coloured plates Geneva, 1868," considers M. tetrica and Balonnensis of Conrad to be only local varieties of one species ; but they are quite distinct. The Melania tetrica, Gould, 1847, is a synonym of Melania bellicosa, Hinds, 1844. A new name being required for our Australian species I take great pleasure of naming it after Professor Ralph Tate of South Australia. 552 check list of the freshwater shells of australia, 2. Melania Balonnensis. Melanin Balonnensis, Conrad, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences Phil., p. 11, 1850. American Journal Conch, ii., p. 80, pi. 1, fig-. 10, 1866. Brot in Martini and Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. p. 287, pi. 28, fig. 14 a. and 15, 1874. Hob. Lower Murray Eiver, South Australia (Professor Tate). This species is of a much lighter texture than M. Tatei, also lighter coloured, and the ribs not so distinct on the body whorl. Check List of the Fresh- water Shells of Australia. By EALPn Tate, Assoc. Linn. Soc, F.G.S., Corr. Memb. Acad. Sc. Philad., Eoy. Soc. Tasman, &c, Professor of Natural History, University of Adelaide ; and John Brazier, Corr. Memb. Zool. Soc, Roy. Soc. Tasm., &c. In this communication, we have attempted to bring together the scattered published sources of information concerning the fresh-water molluscs of Australia, in the hope that it may serve as a basis for a monograph on the subject. Excepting the labours of Deshayes and Lea, among the lamellibranchs, no comprehensive survey of the fresh-water shelis of this continent has been attempted. It is true that the fresh-water shells of Tasmania have been arranged by Messrs. Woods and Johnston, but, in this case no comparison has been instituted between the insular and continental faunas ; and it may safely be alleged that, in general, the knowledge of our fresh-water shells consists of a number of units, which in no sort of way have been brought into relationship one with another. Thus, each geographical region is made to be exceptionally distinct from neighbouring ones. "Whether this be actually true ?, or whether it be appar- ently so, because of the imperfect state of our knowledge ? Are questions which must be determined, before any generalizations can be made. BY PROFESSOR RALPH TATE AlfD JOHN BRAZIER, C.M.Z.S. 553 Our experience in the literature is such as induces us to urge, that a systematic effort be made to revise the whole nomenclature relating to the subject. Australian naturalists are, we think, all agreed that a work of this kind can be efficiently undertaken by ourselves ; and as this Society, in its corporate capacity, is more capable of securing co-operation, than an individual is, we would suggest, in the above connection, that it take the initiatory steps. In the accompanying list, we have refrained from critical remarks of our own ; but have tentatively accepted those which have been published by others. Therein, we have endeavoured to arrange the species so as to indicate their alliances ; the localities given are those appended to the original diagnoses, excepting in such cases where previously none had been known a locality has since been found. In the Unionidce we have largely availed ourselves of Mr. Etheridge's list of the Recent Australian Species in Rep. Depart. Mines, N.S.W., 1878, p. 165. We would call attention to the fact that the animals of nearly all the species have not been examined, and in consequence the systematic position of many has merely been guessed at. If the distinctions between Phjsa and Amplexa, Lymncea and Aniphipeplea, Ancylus and Velletia, &c, are to be maintained, then is there the greater need for this kind of investigation. Personal examination in this direction has elicited the fact that species described as Phjsa and Amphipeplea are wrongly referred to those genera. Particularly among the fresh-water Rissoidce does much generic confusion prevail. The result of the present compilation, so far as numbers are concerned, is as follows : — Lymnsea . . . . 16 Physa . . . . 54 More than half for the whole world. Physopsis . . . . 1 Ancylus . . . . 4 U 554 CHECK LIST OF THE FRESHWATER SHELLS OF AUSTRALIA, Gundlachia Planorbis 1 7 Total Pulmonates. . Melaniadee Paludinidee Valvatridee Neritidse Eissoidse . . 83 17 10 1 8 19 o Assunmiadfe . . Cyrenidee . . Unionidse 26 21 Total 189 Class PTJLMONATA (Lininopliila). Family LYMN^EIDjE. Genus Lymn^ea. brevicauda, Sowerby, in Eeeve's Icon., t. 15, f. 105, 1872. — Australia, globosa, Sowerby, in Eeeve's Icon. t. 12, f. 84. — Australia. Melbournensis, Pfeiffer, Novitates Conch., p. 70, t. 19, f. 14, 15 ; Reeve, Icon., Conch.., t. 6, f. 39. — Melbourne. Lessoni, Deshayes, Magaz. de Conchyl. ; Lesson, Voy. Coquille, Vol. 2, p. 330. — Eiver Macquarie at Bathurst. Strangei, Pfeiffer, Malakozool Bl. Vol. 1, p. 64, 1844 ; id, Nov. Conch.., Vol. 1, p. 6, t, 2, f. 5-7; Reeve, Icon. Conch., t. 6, f. 40. — Moreton Bay. Angasi, Sowerby, in Eeeve's Icon. Conch., t. 2, f. 11, 1872. — Port Darwin, perlevis, Conrad, American Jour. Conch., Vol. 2, p. 80, t. 1, f. 5, 1850. — Eivers Balonne and Salamanca. BY PROFESSOR RALPH TATE AND JOHN BRAZIER, C.M.Z.S. 555 vinosa, Adams Sf Angas, Proc. Zool. Soc, p. 415, 1863; Reeve, Icon., t. 6, f. 37. — Adelaide Eiver. Phillipsi, Adams Sf Angas, P.Z.S., p. 416, 1863 ; Reeve, Icon. t. 6, f. 41. — Arnheim Land. Deshayesi, Adams, P.Z.S., Reeve, Icon., t. 14, f. 95, 1872. — Australia, spirulata, Mousson, Journ. de Conchyl. ; Reeve, Icon. t. 15, f. 106. — Australia, papyracea, Tate, Trans. Eoy. Soc, S. Aust., p, 103, t. 4, f. 5, 1880.— Penola (S. A.). subaquatilis, Tate, op. cit., t. 4, f. 6. — Adelaide, involuta, Mbusson, Cat. v., Mus. Godeffroy, p. 89, 1874. — Queensland, acuta, Mbusson, op. cit., p. 89, 1874. — Queensland, australiana, Cox, Paetel, Cat. der Conch., p. 115, 1873. — Queensland. Extra limital species of Lymncea. Cumingi, Pfeiffer, P.Z.S., p. 68, 1845, of the Philippines is incorrectly stated in Peeve to be Australian. Hobartonensis, T. -Woods, Poy. Soc. Tasra., p. 71, 1876. — I. peregra {teste Johnston). Launcestonensis, T. -Woods, op. cit., p. 71. — I. peregra {teste Johnston). Huonensis, T. -Woods, op. cit., p. 71. — Launcestonensis {teste Pettercl). Tasmanica, T. -Woods, op. cit., p. 70. — Stagnalis {teste Petterd). Genus Physa. latilabiata, Sowcrby, in Eeeve's Icon., t. 5, f. 33, 1873. — P. Victoria. Newcornbi, Adams Sf Angas, P.Z.S., p. 416, 1863; Reeve, Icon., t. 3, f. 21.— Mount Margaret (C. Aust.) ferruginea, Adams Sf Angas, op. cit. ; Reeve, t. 4, f . 25. — Arnheim Land. 556 CHECK LIST OF THE FRESITWATER SHELLS OF AUSTRALIA, Hainesii, Tryon, Am. Journ. Conch., Vol. 2, t. 2, f. 9, p. 9.— Australia, subinflata, Sowerby, in Eeeve's Icon., t. 1, f. 6a.— S. Australia, inflata, Adams 8f White, P.Z.S., p. 39, 1864; Reeve, t. 1, f. 4.— S. Australia. Van Diemenensis, Sowerby, in Eeeve's Icon., t. 8, f. 57, 1873. — Tasmania, aperta, Sowerby, in Eeeve's Icon., t. 11, f. 88, 1874.— Tasmania, crebreciliata, T.- Woods, Trans. Eoy. Soc, Victoria, 1877. — Melbourne, pilosa, T.- Woods, op. cit. — Melbourne. pinguis, Sowerby, Eeeve, t. 12, f. 93, 1874.— S. Australia. subundata, Sowerby, Eeeve t. 8, f. 61, 1873.—" St. Margaret's," S. Aust. castanea, Sowerby, Genera of Shells; Eeeve, t. 10, f. 86.— Australia, pectorosa, Conrad (1850) ; Tryon, Am. Journ. Conch., Vol. 2., t. 1, f. 6.— E. Bogan (N.S.W.) vullata, Sowerby, Eeeve's Icon., t. 12, f. 97, 1874.— S. Australia. concinna, Adams Sf Angas, P.Z.S., p. 417, 1863; Reeve, Icon., t. 5, f. 35. — Arnheim Land. Georgiana. Qicoy Sf Gaimard, Voy. Astrolabe, t. 58, f. 23, 24. — King George's Sound, dispar, Soicerby, in Eeeve, t. 8, f. 66, 1873.— New South Wales. Nova3 Hollands, Blainville, Malacolo, t. 37, f . 3 ; Lesson, Voy. Coq., t. 26, f. 5, 1830 ; Eeeve, t. 2, f. 10.— E. Macquarie. puncturata, Sowerby, Eeeve's Icon., 1. 11, f. 91, 1874.— Australia, duplicata, Sowerby, op. cit., t. 12, f. 100, 1874.— Wide Bay, Queensland, tenuistriata, Sowerby, op. cit., t. 10, f. 85, 1873.— E. Torrens (S.A.) arachnoidea T- Woods, Trans. Eoy. Soc. Victoria, 1877.— Near Melbourne. BY PB0FESS0B BALPH TATE AND JOHN BBAZIEB, C.M.Z.S. 557 australiana, Conrad (1850); Tryon Am. Jour. Conch., Vol. 2, t. 1, f. 7.— E. Bogan. australis, Koch, Cat. V., Mus. Godeffroy, p. 89, 1874. — Bowen, Queensland, nitida, Sowerhy, in Eeeve's Icon., t. 12, f. 98, 1874. — Tasmania. Huonensis, T.-Woods, Trans. Roy. Soc, Tasmania, p. 74, 1875. — Tasmania. (Possibly a variety of nitida, teste Petterd.) Bruniensis, Sowerhy, in Eeeve's Icon., t. 12, f. 99, 1874. — Tasmania. Tasmanicola, T.-Woods, op. cit., p. 75, 1875. — Tasmania. Huonicola, T.-Woods, op. cit., p. 75, 1875. — Tasmania. Yarraensis, T.-Woods, Trans. Boy. Soc. Victoria, 1877. — Upper Yarra, Vict, acutispira, Tryon, Am. Jour. Conch., Vol. 2, t. 2, f. 10. — Australia, olivacea, Adams fy Angas, P.Z.S., p. 416, 1873; Reeve, Icon. Conch., t. 5, f. 34. — Arnheim Land. fusiformis, Nelson $• Taylor, Journ. Conch., Vol. 2, t. 1, f. 9, p. 289, 1879.— R. Richmond. N.S.W. proteus, Sowerhy, in Reeve's Icon., t. 6, f. 43, 1873. — W. Australia, gibbosa, Gould, "Otia," p. 42, 1847; Reeve, t. 4, f. 27.— New South Wales, texturata, Sowerhy, in Reeve's Icon., t. 12, f. 95, 1874. — S. Australia, badia, Adams §• Angas, P.Z.S., p. 416, 1863 ; Reeve, Icon., t. 7, f. 51. — Tributary of Adelaide R. pyramidata, Sowerhy, in Reeve's Icon., t. 8, f. 62, 1873. — Australia, eburnea, Soicerby, op. cit., t. 11, f. 87, 1874. — Tasmania. attenuata, Sowerhy, op. cit., t. 12, f. 94, 1874. — Tasmania, mamillata, Sowerhy, op. cit., t. 11, f. 90, 1874. — Tasmania. 558 CHECK LIST OF THE FRESHWATER SHELLS OF AUSTRALIA, Brisbanica, Nelson §' Taylor, op. cit., t. 1., f. 7, p. 288. — Brisbane E. Beddomei, Nelson §• Taylor, op. cit., t. 1, f. 8, p. 289. — Townsville, Queensland, aciculata, Sowerby, in Eeeve's Icon., t. 8, f. 59, 1873. — New South Wales, turriculata, Tate, Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S.W., Vol. 6 p. 409.— Ballarat. Alicias, Reeve, P.Z.S., 1862; Icon., t. 1, f. 6b.— E. Para & E. Murray (S. Aust.) Kersbawi, T- Woods, Eoy. Soc. Victoria, 1877. — Upper Yarra, Vict. Bonus-Henricus, Adams Sf Any as, P.Z.S., p. 417, 1863; Reeve, Icon., t. 5, f. 38. — Arnbeim Land, carinata, H. Adams, P.Z.S., p. 143, 1861 ; Reeve, t. 3, f. 18.— Boyne E. obesa, II. Adams, op. cit., p. 144; Reeve, t. 3, f. 24. — E. Fitzroy. Cumingi, H. Adams, op. cit., p. 144; Reeve, t. 6, f. 44. — Port Essington. truncata, II. Adams, op. cit., p. 144 ; Reeve, t. 3, f. 20. — E. Burdekin. Eeevei, Adams §* Angus, P.Z.S., p. 417, 1863; Reeve, t. 6, f. 40. — Arnheim Land. Extra-limital, doubtful, and spurious species of Physa. auriculata, Gassies, is from New Caledonia and not Australian as quoted by Sowerby in Eeeve's Icon. Conch. Kanakina, Gassies, is also a New Caledonian shell and not Australian as stated by Sowerby in Eeeve's Conch. elonyata, Menke, Malac. Nov. II oil., p. 8, name only. — W. Australia. Legrandi, T.-Woods, Eoy. Soc. Tasin., p. 74, 1876; and Tasmanica, T.-Woods, id., vide nitida {teste Johnston). ciliata, T.-Woods, op. cit., p. 75, vide mamillata {teste Johnston). BY PROFESSOR RALPH TATE AND JOHN BRAZIER, C.M.Z.S. 559 Genus Physopsis. Jukesii, A. Adams, P.Z.S., p. 144, 1861 ; Reeve (Physa), t. 9, f. 7 1 . — Australia. Genus Ancylus. Curaingianus, Bourguignat, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1853, t. 20, f. 1-9 ; Reeve, Icon., t. 1., f. 1. — Tasmania. Tasmanicus, T.- Woods, Trans. E. S. Tasm., 1876, p. 70. — Tasmania. "Wbodsii, Johnston, id., 1877. — Tasmania. Australicus, Tate, Trans. E. S. S. Aust., 1880, p. 102, t. 4, f. 4. — Adelaide, S.A. [Baconi, Bourguignat, P.Z.S., p. 89, 1853. Eeeve, t. 2, f. 8, is suspectod by Benson to be Australian and not Bengalese.] Genus Gtjndlachia. Petterdi, Johnston, Trans. E. Soc. Tasm., 1878, Tasmania. Genus Planorbis. Gilberti, Bunker, Proc. Zool. Soc, p. 40, 1848 ; Reeve, t. 5, f. 37. — E. Australia, obtusus. Reeve, Icon. Conch., t. 5, f. 39. — Adelaide. Australianus, Martens, Paetel, Cat. der Conch., p. 116, 1873. — Tasmania, meridionalis, Brazier, Proc. Lin. Soc, N.S.W., p. 20, 1875. — Tasmania. Atkinsoni, Johnston, Eoy. Soc. Tasmania, 1878. — Tasmania. Scottiana, Johnston, op. cit. — Tasmania, planissimus, Mousson, Cat. V., Mus. Godeflroy, p. 88, 1874. — Queensland. Spurious species of Planorlis. Tasmanicus, T. -Woods, Eoy. Soc Tasmania, p. 79, 1876. meridionalis {teste Johnston). 560 CHECK LIST OF THE FRESHWATER SHELLS OF AUSTRALIA, Class GASTROPODA (PectinibranchiataJ. Family MELANIADiE. Genus Melania. Cybele, Gould, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1847 ; Exped. Shells, f. 154. — Cardwell, Queensland, aculeus, Lea, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, Phil. V., t. 19, f. 72, 1833. — Paroo P., Australia, and Philippines. Demisoniensis, Brot, in Martini and Chemnitz, Conch. Cabinet, p. 234, pi. 25, fig. 6, 6 a. b., 1874.— Port Denison, Queens- land. lutosa, Gould, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 1847; id Fitzroy Island; Esped. Shells, f. 159, 1852.— Cardwell, Queensland, carbonatd, Reeve, Conch. Icon. fig. 88. 1859; Brot. in Martini and Chemnitz, Conch. Cabinet, p. 153, p. 19, fig. 3, 1874. — Port Essington (British Museum), venustida, Brot. in Martini and Chemnitz, Conch. Cabinet p. 331, pi. 34, fig. 5, 5a, 1874. — Cape Upstart, canalis, Lea, Proc. Zool. Soc, p. 180, 1850. — Belenden-Ker Eange. costellaris, Lea, id, p. 184. — Eoekhampton. juncea, Lea, id, p. 189. — Burdekin Eiver. Balonnensis, Conrad, (1850) ; Am. Journ. Conch., Vol. 2. t. 1, f. 10, p. 80, I860. — Eiver Murray, South Australia. Tatei, Brazier, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., Vol. 6, p. 551. — Port Curtis and Clarence Eiver. cerea, Brot., Eevue Zool., t. 17, f. 13, 1860. — Australia, incerta, Brot., Mater I., p. 52, 1862. — E. Avon, W. Australia, australis, Lea, Proc. Zool. Soc, p. 185, 1850 ; Reeve, Icon. Con., t. 12, f. 82; Smith, Voy. Erebus, t. 4, f. 3, 1874.— Eiver Victoria, onca, Adams <$• Angas, P.Z.S., 1863. — Tributary of Adelaide E. oncoides, T.-Woods, P.L.S., N.S.W., p. 6, 1878.— E. Darling near Bourke. BY PROFESSOR RALPH TATE AND JOHN BRAZIER, C.M.Z.S. 561 Spurious species of Melania. lirata, Menke, Moll. Nov. Holl., p. 9, 1843=ineerta. The name is preoccupied by a species described by Benson. tetrica, Conrad, (1850); and Ann. Journ. Conch., Vol. 3, t. 1, f. 9, p. 80, (1866)=Tatei, Brazier. Dr. Gould described a Figian species under that name in 1847, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. mitra, Eeeve, Conch. Icon. fig. 175. non Deshayes or Meuschen vide Cybele not If. Australis, Eeeve, not M. Australis, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. Family PALUDINIDiE. Genus Paludina. Essingtonensis, Shuttleworth ; Frauenfeld, Zool. and B. Gess., Wien, 1862, p. 1162.— Port Essington, (N. Aust.) australis, Reece, Icon. Con., t. 11, f. 71, 1863 "probably the foregoing" Iryon. — Victoria E. (N. Aust.) suprafasciata, Tryon, Am. Jour. Conch., Vol. 2., p. 8, t. 2, f. 7, 1866. — Tropical Australia. Kingii, Adams 8f Angas, E.Z.S., 1863. — King's Bonds (C.A.) Hanleyi, Frauenfeld, op. cit., p. 612. — Lower Murray Eiver. "Waterhousei, Adams & Angas, P.Z.S., 1863. — Newcastle Waters (C.A.) sublineata, Conrad, Proc. Acad. Sc. Philadelphia, 1850; id, Am. Journ. Con., Vol. 2, t. 1, f. 8, p. 79, 1866.— Eiver Darling. polita, Martens, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1865 (non Frauenfeld 1862) " probably is sublineata" Tryon. — Australia, affinis, Martens, op. cit. — Australia. Alisoni, Brazier, Proc. Linn. Sc, N.S.W., Vol. 3, p. 221, 1878. — Diamantina Eiver, Queensland. Spurious species of Paludina. acuta, Menke, (? non Ferrusac) name only. buccinoides, Quoy & Gaimard, vide Ifydrobia buccinoides. 562 CHECK LIST OF THE FRESHWATER SHELLS OF AUSTRALIA, granum, Menke, vide Assiminea granum. intermedia, Reeve, Icon. t. 9, f. 57, 1863 (nonDeshayets) =#«»%*. Family VALVATID^E. Genus Valvata. Tasmanica, T.-Woods, Proc. Eoy. Soc. Tasm., p. 82, 1876. — Tasmania. Family NERITID^. Genus Navicella. Entrecastauxi, Recluz, Rev. Zool. Soc. Cuvierienne, p. 380, 1841 ; Reeve, Icon., t. 8, f. 32. — King George's Sound. Genus Neritina. pulligera, Lamarck, Anim. s. Vert VI. 2edp. 184 ; Sowerbg, Conch. Illus. f. 26.— Moluccas. var. sulcata, T.-Woods, P. Lin. Soc, N.S.W., 1878. — North Queensland, auriculata, Lamarck, op. cit., p. 186; Soicerby, Con. Illus, f. 17. New Holland, crepidularia, Lamarck, op. cit., p. 186; Reeve, Icon. t. 8, f. 38; Soicerby, Thes. Conch, t. 113, f. 139-143.— Rockingham Bay. Mertoniana, Recluz, P.Z.S., p. 71, 1843; Sowerby, Thes. Conch. p. 534, t. 116, f. 242-245.— Cape Sidmouth. Tritonensis, Le Gillou, Rev. Zool. Soc, Cuvier., p. 345, 1841. North Australia. Baconi, Reeve, Icon. Conch., t. 28, f. 127. — Swan River. Dringii, Recluz., P.Z.S., p. 121, 1845; Reeve, t. 29, f. 132. Hanover Bay, W. Australia. Family RISSOLDiE. Genus Bithynia. australis, Tryon, Am. J. Conch. I., p. 220, t. 22, f. 7, 1865.— New South Wales. BY PROFESSOR RALPH TATE AND JOHN BRAZIER, C.M.Z.S. 563 vertiginosa, Frauenfeld, Zool. Bot. Gess-Wien, 1865, p. 1152, t. 9.— New Holland. Schraderi, Frauenfeld, op. cit., t. 8. — Australia ? Dulvertonensis, I.-Woods, Eoy. Soc, Tasmania, p. 77, 1876. — Tasmania. Dunrobinensis, 2\- Woods, id. — Tasmania. Victoria), T.- Woods, Eoy. Soc. Victoria, 1877. — Geelong, Vict. Dyeriana, Petterd, Journ. Conch. II., p. 86, 1879. — Tasmania. Spurious species of Bithynia. Iluonensis, T. -Woods. hyalina, Brazier, P. Lin. Soc, N.S.W., I., p. 9, 1875= Gabbia australis. Legrandi, Tasmanica, and unicarinata, T, -Woods, Roy. Soc. Tasm. IS7 6= Bithyinclla nigra. Pontivillensis, T. -Woods, op. cit., p. 7 6= Amnicola Simsoniana, f teste Petterd). Genus Amnicola. Tasmania?, T.-Woods, Roy. Soc. Tasm., p. 117, 1876. — Tasmania. Diemense, Frauenfeld, Z. and B. Gess-Wien, Vol. 15, 1. 10, 1865. — Tasmania. Launcestonensis, Johnston, Roy. Soc. Tasm., 1878. — Tasmania. Simsoniana, Brazier, Proc. Lin. Soc, N.S.W., L, p. 19, 1875. — Tasmania. Doubtful and spurious species of Amnicola. Petterdiana, Brazier, P.L.S., N.S.W., I., p. 19, IS7 5 =Bithginella nigra ( teste Woods). Preissii, Gould, ? "Otia" p. 52. acuta, Frauenfeld, apud Menke, name only. granum, Frauenfeld, apud Menke, vide Assiminea granum. 564 CHECK LIST OF THE FRESHWATER SHELLS OF ALTSTRALIA, Genus Bithyixella. nigra, Qnoy Sf Gaimard, (Paludina), Voy. Astrolabe, III., p. 174, t. 58, f. 9-12; T.-Woods, Proc. E. Soc, Tasm., p. 71, 1880. — Tasmania. nitida, Johnston, P. Roy. Soc, Tasm., 1878. — Tasmania. Spurious species of Bitlnjinella. Legrandiana, Johnston and Woods, (apud Brazier) videB. nigra. Genus Hydrobia. buccinoides, Quoyfy Gaimard, (Paludina) op. cit., t. 58 ; Frauenfeld, Z. and B., Gess-Wein, p. 582, 1865.— Port Western, Vict. Gunnii, Frauenfeld, op. cit., vol. 13, p. 1025, 1864 ; id. p. 526, t. 8, 1865. — Tasmania. Spurious species of Hydrobia. nigra, Frauenfeld, vide Bithyinella nigra. Genus Paludixella. Gilesii, Angas, Proc. Zool. Soc, p. 169, t. 26, f. 2, 1877.— Lake Eyre (C. A.) Genus Palttdestrixa. Spurious species. Legrandiana, Brazier, P.Z.S., p. 698, 1871. Wisemaniana, Brazier, id., f p. 699=Bit//yineI!a nigra, (teste T.- Woods). Genus Tate a. Huonensis, T.-Woods, Eoy. Soc. Tasm. p. 77, 1876. — Tasmania. Spurious species of Gabbia. Australis, Tryon, vide Bithynia Australis. BY PROFESSOR RALPH TATE AND JOHN BRAZIER, C.M.Z.S. 565 Genus Pomatiopsis. striatula, Menke, (Truncatella), Moll. Nov. Holl., p. 9, 1348. — W. Australia, pyrrhostoma, Cox, (Blanfordia), Mon. Aust. Land Shells, p. 95, t. 15, f. 14, 1868.— Sharks' Bay. Family ASSIMINIML Genus Assiminea. granum, Menke, (Paludina), Moll. Nov. Holl., p. 8., 1843.— Swan River, affinis, Mousson, Cat. V., Mus. Godeffroy, p. 103, 1874.— Eock- hampton. Spurious species. Tasmanica, T. -Woods, and Rissoa Sienna, id., Proc. Eoy. Soc, Tasm., p. 78, 187 6=granum. — Tasmania. Class LAMELLIBRANCEIATA. Family CYCLADID^E. Genus Sph^erium. egregrium, Gould, " Otia," p. 86, 1850. — Piver Hunter. Novo-Zelandicum, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Soc, p. 342, 1854; Reeve Conch. Icon. f. 37. — Australia and New Zealand. Tasmanicum, T.-Woods, Proc. Eoy. Soc, Tas., p. 82, 1876. — Tasmania. Spurious species of Sphcerhtm. Cyclas australis, var. Lamarck, from King George's Sound is probably Lascea rubra, Montague. Cyclas JVepeanensis vide Corbicula Nepeanensis. Genus Pisidium. semen, Menke, Moll. Nov. Holl., p. 40, 1843. — Swan Eiver. 566 CHECK LIST OF THE FRESHWATER SHELLS OF AUSTRALIA, Tasmanicum, T.-Woods, Proc. Eoy. Soc. Tasm., p. 81, 1876. — Tasmania. Dulvertonensis, T.-Woods, op. cit., p. 82. — Tasmania. Spurious species of Pisidhim. australe, Deshayes, vide Cyclas australis. australe, Philippi, is P. casertanum. sinuatum, Bourgingnat, J. de Conchyl., III., p. 39, 1852, is not Australian but a European species P. casertanum, Poli. Genus Corbicula. australis, Wood, Ind. Test. Suppl. 2, t. 14, f. 57 ; Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1854, p. 346.— New Holland and Timor. Nepeanensis, Lesson, (Cyclas), Voy. Coq., Vol. 2., p. 428, t. 13, f. 14, 1830.— Eiver Nepean. debilis, Gould, " Otia," p. 86, 1850.— Hunter Eiver. ovalina, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1824. — Port Essington. brunnea, Prime, Proc. Acad. Sc,Philad.,p. 126, 1861. — Tasmania, minor, Prime, op. cit., p. 127. — New Holland. Angasi, Prime, Journ. de Conchyl. XII., p. 151, t. 7, f. 6, 1864. — E. Murray (S.A.) baronalis, Prime, Ann. Lye Nat. Hist. N.Y., IX , 1869. — Moreton Bay. prolongata, Prime, J. de Conchyl., IX., p. 356, 1861. — Eastern Australia. Spurious species of Corbicula. semisulcata, Deshayes, was incorrectly assigned to the Victoria Eiver, it belongs to South America. Genus Batissa. triquetra, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1854. — Australia and Philippines. \_Corbicula australis is referred to Batissa in Prime's Cat. of the family.] BY PROFESSOR RALPH TATE AND JOHN BRAZIER, C.M.Z.S. 567 Genus Cyrena. fallax, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Soc, p. 19, 1854. — Australia and Philippines, placida, Deshayes, id. — Port Curtis, affinis, Deshayes, id. — Australia, ventricosa, Deshayes, id. — Australia and Philippines. Essingtonensis Deshayes, id. — Port Essington. Jukesii, Deshayes, id. — Cape Upstart, oviformis, Deshayes, id. — Port Essington and Philippines, eximia, Dunker, Zeit. Malak., p. 51, 1852. — Australia and Java. cyprinseformis, Prime, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., N.Y., VIII., p. 88, f. 37, 1864.— Australia, rugulosa, Mousson, Paetel, Cat. der Conch, p. 140, 1873. — Cape York. Spurious species of Cyrena. impressa, Deshayes, P.Z.S., p. 18, I854=eximia. Family UNIONIM}. Genus Mycetopus. rugatus, Soiverly, Eeeve, Conch. Icon. t. 17, f. 7; Smith. — Victoria Eiver, Voy. " Erebus and Terror," t 4, f. 1, 1874. Genus Unio. depressus Lamarck, An. s. Vert., VTI , p. 79 ; Lesson, Voy. Coq., t. 15, f. 5. — E. Nepean. Danellii, Villa, J. de Conchyl., XIX., p. 328, 1871.— E. Yarra, Victoria, australis, Lamarck, id., p. 80. — New Holland ; MenJce, Moll. Nov. Holland.— E. Avon (W. Aust.) profugus, Gould, " Otia," p. 88, 1850; ed., U.S. Explor. Exp., t. 37, f. 5, p. 42, 1852.— Hunter E. (N.S.W.) cultelliformis Conrad, Acad. Sc. Philad. Proc, V., p. 10, and Journ. 2nd Ser., II., p. 295, t. 26, f. 2.— E. Bogan (N.S.W.) 568 CHECK LIST OF THE FRESHWATER SHELLS OF AUSTRALIA, Balonnensis, Conrad, id. ; Journ. id., p. 295, t. 26, f. 3. — E. Balonne (Queensland), cucumoides, Lea, Obs. on Unio, ill., p. 30, t. 7, f. 2 — Hunter and Eichmond Eivers (N.S.W.) ; Moretonicus, Smith, Voy. "Erebus," t. 4, f. 2. — E. Membridgo (Queensland). Moretonicus, Sowerbi/ ; Reeve, Icon., t. 24, f. 118. — Tasmania. Paramattensis, Lea, Proc. Acad. Sc. Philad., 1862; Obs. XI., p. 64, t. 20, f. 59.— Parramatta E. (N.S.W.) Wilsoni, Lea, Obs. VII., pt. 2, p. 74, t. 40, f. 137; Reeve, t. 88, £, 472.— New South Wales. Jeffreysianus, Lea, Proc. Acad. Sc. Phil., Vol. 23, p. 188, 1871. — Australia. vittatus, Lea, Obs. Unio, VII., pt. 2, p. 67, t. 39, f. 128 ; Reeve, t. 18, f. 83. — Australia. Nepeanensis, Conrad, Journ. Acad. Sc. Philad., p. 296, t. 28, f. 19; Reeve, t. 32, f. 167.— Australia, Eiver Bogan, (N.S.W.) {teste T.-Woods). Shuttleworthi, Lea, Obs. VI., pt. 1, p. 24, t. 28, f. 19; Reeve, t. 32, f. 167.— E. Bogan {teste Woods), mutabilis, Lea, Obs. VII., p. 66, t. 38, f. 167; Reeve, t. 24, f. 112. — E. Murray, Brisbane Water, multidentatus, Philippi, Conchylien III., pt. 2, t. 3, f. 4, p. 46, 1847.— New Holland. Novre Hollandise, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1834, p. 57. — Eiver Macquarie (N.S.W.) Angasi, Sowerby, in Eeeve's Icon., t. 55, f. 282, 1867. — E. Roper (W. Aust.) Section Alasmodon. Stuartii, Adams Sf Angas, P. Zool. Soc, 1863, p. 417; Reeve, Icon., t. 54, f. 279, 1866.— Mount Margaret (C.A.) Evansii, Adams Sr Angas, P. Z. S., 1864, p. 39; Reeve, t. 56, f. 285, 1867.— Eiver Murray (S.A.) BY PROFESSOR RALPH TATE AND JOHN BRAZIER, C.M.Z.S. 569 Doubtful and extra limital species of Uhio. ambiguus, Philippi ; Reeve. Vide australis. Ciimingi, Dunker. Vide cucumoides. Moretonicus. Smith, Voy. "Erebus and Terror," t. 4, f. 2, 1874. Vide cucumoides. fulmineus, Philippi, Conchylien, III., pt. 2, 1847, p. 46, t. 3, f. 5, 6. Not certainly Australian. superbus, Lea (Hyridella), Obs. IV., p. 39, t. 22, f. 11; Eeeve, Icon., t. 59, f. 295, 1868. Doubtfully Australian. Aucldandicus Gray. Very doubtfully Australian. Genus Anodon. Spurious species. Angasi, Sowerby, in Eeeve's Conch., t. 32, f. 127, 1870= Unto Angasi. Stuartii, Sowerby, id., t. 34, f. 136, 187 0=Alasmodon Stuartii. TnE Plants of New South Wales — No. I. By the Eev. Dr. Woolls, D.D., F.L.S., &c. The publication of the Flora Australiensis through the joint labours of Mr. G. Bentham, C.M.G., F.R.S., and Baron F. von Mueller, K.C.M.G., has formed, as it were, an era in the Botany of New South Wales. Though the subject is by no means exhausted, that great work will be regarded as the basis of all future treatises on the Flora of Australia ; and as the grand outline is being gradually filled up with descriptions of new plants from different parts of the Continent, it will be seen that the general arrangement of the volumes, as well as the classifi- cation of orders, genera, and species, reflects the greatest credit on the distinguished authors. Much, however, remains to be done. Since the appearance of the first volume in 1863 some IK 570 PLANTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES, five or six hundred new species of Australian plants have been discovered, and these, tog-ether with the enumeration of the Cryptogamous orders recently elaborated in the Fragmenta Phytographice Australia by Baron Mueller, must in the course of time appear in supplementary volumes to the Flora Australiensis. From the sources, however, now before the public, some estimate can be formed of the species indigenous in the Colony, and of the range to which they are limited. With regard to the latter, careful observation is still required in all parts of Australia, for plants, which, a few years since, were supposed to belong to the adjacent colonies are now found to be common to N. S. Wales. Thus, for instance, in the first volume of the Flora, including tbe Thalamiflorai and BisciflorcB, the following species are not recorded as occurring in this colony ; and no doubt, as in the formation of local Floras the plants of each district are carefully registered, the number of omissions will be proved to be greater than is now supposed. The species, to which I now refer are, Mgosurus minimus, (Linn.) Stellaria multiflora, (Hook.) Brasenia peltata, (Pursh.) Hibiscus divaricahis, (Grab.) Apophjllum anomalum, (F.v.M.) Elceocarpus holopetalus, (F.v.M.) Comespermapolygaloides, (F .v.M.) Elatine americana, (Arn.) Cakile maritima, (Scop.) Corrcea alba, (Andr.) In attempting, therefore, to give a census of the plants of N. S. Wales, or of instituting any comparison between the genera and species of this and the adjacent colonies, the work can only be provisional, for in the progress of science great changes may be anticipated from observing the limits of species, and from the probable amalgamation of forms now recorded as as distinct. It may be well to remark, that so far as yet known, the following orders do not extend to N. S. Wales : — Guttifera. Burseracese. Malpighiacere. Ilicineae. The first of these orders is represented in Australia by one species, Cahphylhm inophglJum (Linn.), which, according to the BY THE REV. DR. W00LLS, D.D., F.L.S. 571 Flora, is limited chiefly to the Percy Islands. From the Fragmenta (Vol. 9, 175), we learn that it extends to Adam's Bay, Cape York, Rockingham Bay, Edgecombe Bay, and Fitzroy's Islands ; whilst the Bai'on, in the same account, intro- duces another species from Rockingham Bay, viz., C. tomentosum. The Malpighiaeere are confined to solitary species of Ryssopterys and Tristellateia from Northern Queensland; the Burseracese, to one species of Garuga from N. Australia, and one of Canarium from N. Australia and Queensland, to which Baron Mueller has added Ganophyllum falcatum from Port Denison, Rockingham Bay, and Torres Straits ; and the Ilicineae to Byronia Arnhemensis (F. v. M.), to which the same author has supplemented Ilex peduncularis (F. v. M.), from the woods near Rockingham Bay. Excluding these four orders from the Flora of N. S. Wales, it appears that, in this colony, the orders, genera, and species (that is so far as yet determined) may be arranged as follows : — Series I. Thalamiflor^e. Orders. Genera. Species. 22 68 167 Series II. Disciflor^e. Orders. Genera. Species. 13 60 174 Total 35 128 341 The plants which have become naturalized may be referred to 8 orders, including 25 genera, and 29 species, viz. 1. Ranunculus muricatus, (L.) 2. Argemone mexicana, (L.) 3. Fumaria officinalis, (L.) 4. Lepidium sativum, (L.) 572 PLANTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES, 5. L. ruder ale, (L.) 6. Raphanus raphanistrum, (L.) 7. Sinapis arvensis, (L.) 8. Brassica campestris, (L.) 9. Sisymbrium officinale, (Scop.) 10. Senebiera didyma, (Pers.) 11. Capsella bursa-pastoris, (Maench). 12. Camelina dentata, (Pers.) 13. Gypsophila tubulosa, (Baiss.) 14. Silene gallica, (L.) 15. Cerastium vulgatum, (L.) 16. Stellar ia media, (L.) 17. Spergula arvensis, (L.) 18. Dianthus prolifer, (L.) 19. Polycarpon tetraphylhim, (L.) 20. Portulaca oleracea, (L.) 21. iSY^tf rhombifolia, (L.) 22. Malva rotundifolia, (L.) 23. J/, parviflora, (L.) 24. Jf. syhestris, (L.) 25. Cristaria coccinea, (Pursh.) 26. Linum gallicum, (L.) 27. Er odium moschatum, (Willd.) 28. Oxalis cemua, (Thunb.) 29. Pelargonium graveolens, (Ait.) From the 341 species of dicotyledonous plants in N. S. Wales some idea may be formed of the intermediate character which marks its Flora ; for whilst it has many species which are com- mon to Queensland and Victoria, the former has a greater affinity for that of India and China, and the latter a greater affinity for that of Tasmania than the Flora of this colony has. From the following list, it appears that the Cruciferse are much more numerous in Victoria than in Queensland, whilst in the Malvaceee, Capparidese, and Nymphseacese, the reverse is the case. BY THE REV. DR. WOOLLS, D.D., F.L.S. 573 EUTACE.E. Gen. Queensland . . 19 New South Wales . . 17 Victoria . . . . 6 Spec 36 65 35 Malvaceae. Queensland . . . . 8 New South Wales 9 Victoria . . . . 5 36 28 8 Crttcieerje. Queensland . . . . 2 New South Wales . . 12 Victoria . . . . 14 3 28 32 CaPPAREDEjE. Queensland . . . . 3 New South Wales 3 Victoria . . . . 1 13 6 1 NYMPHiEACE-ffi. Queensland . . . . 3 New South Wales 2 Victoria . . . . 1 4 2 L With regard to the distribution of the Eutaceoe, it is difficult to account for the large number of the species in New South Wales, unless it may be inferred that the geological formation is more favourable for their development. The distribution of the Tremandrese (which Mr. Bentham says is an order strictly confined to Australia) is very remarkable, 1 species being found in Queensland, 4 in New South Wales, 5 in Victoria, 14 in Western Australia, 1 in South Australia, and 3 in Tasmania. In reference to plants which have been 'introduced, some difference of opinion prevails. Some years since, a paper of 574 PLANTS OF NEW SOUTH "WALES, mine on the subject was read before the Linnean Society in London, in which I made a calculation, that more than a hundred such plants might be found within fifty miles of Parramatta. That number, I believe, is not over-estimated. Of the Dicotyle- doneae not indigenous in New South Wales, there are probably about 30, but as the other volumes of the Flora Australiensis come under consideration, I think that the number will be augmented to 150. In order, however, to form an accurate list of the introduced and indigenous species, and to compare them with the Floras of the Australian colonies or the Flora of Australia generally, considerable attention must be paid to the collection of plants in particular districts and the compilation of local herbaria. During the last year or so, a great step has been taken in this direction in most of the Australian Colonies, and Baron Mueller, to whom this movement may be mainly attributed, has commenced a full and accurate description of all plants indigenous in Victoria. When this valuable work has been completed, it will afford a basis for works of a similar character in other parts of Australia, and then, there will be little difficulty in instituting those comparisons to which I have alluded. With regard to the geographical distribution of Australian plants in general, Mr. Bentham has fully indorsed the views of Sir J. D. Hooker, as laid down in his admirable essay prefixed to his Flora Tasmania}. And thus the former concludes, that, whilst the predominant portion appears to be indigenous and never spread far out of it, there is evidence to show that, in remote antiquity, the principal Flora had a connection with Eastern Asia on the one hand, and, from the mountains of Victoria and Tasmania through New Zealand to the Southern end of the American Continent and thence up the Andes, on the other. 575 Description of a new species of Hemeroccetes from Port Jackson. By E. P. Bauisay, F.L.S., &c, Curator of the Australian Museum Sydney. Pam. TBICHONOTIDiE. Hemeroccetes Haswelli, sp. nov. D. 14. A. 27-28. Pect. 13-14. V. h C. 16. Lat. 44. Vert. ,,-,';. Caudal truncate, the central ten rays branched, outer three on either side simple, decreasing1 in size ; the dorsal commences nearly opposite the seventh anal ray ; rays simple ; mouth, very wide, opens to opposite the anterior margins of the eye ; minute teeth on both jaws, no canines ; scales large, in five to six rows on the body, lateral line on forty-four scales ; in central portion of body the scales along the lateral line are toothed from about three scales before the anal papilla. Diameter of the eye about six times in the length of the head to end of gill-cover ; gill-cover extending over base of pectoral fin, 26-28 scales between the head above and the first dorsal ray ; length of head (5) five times in the total length without caudal fin, the height of body twice in the head and nearly ten times in the total length, without caudal fin ; eyes large, almost confluent. There are no teeth visible on the vomer and the scales are very large for the size of the fish. Colour light brown, semitransparent when alive ; the tongue long narrow, stiliform (spirit specimen) slightly expanded at the tip ; length of specimen 2*4 in. I have placed this fish provisionally in the genus Hemeroccetes to which it comes nearest, it is not however identical with that genus. Pour specimens were dredged in April last, under North Head of Port Jackson in sixteen fathoms, sandy bottom. I have dedicated this species to my esteemed friend W. A. Haswell, M.A., B.Sc. 576 a solution for preserving large vertebrata, Note on Oriolus affinis, Gould. By. E. P. Eamsay, E.L.S. Mr. R. B. Sharped (and probably other ornithologists as well), seems to doubt the existence of a third Oriole in Australia — 0. affinis, Gould. I can only assure Ornithologists that in my opinion this is a good species, and fairly described by Mr. Gould and that it has nothing whatever to do with the young of O.flavicinctm, as supposed by Mr. Sharpe. This bird is smaller than 0. viridis, the bill larger, the wings shorter, the tarsi smaller, the breast duller, less olive-green on the chest, the striae continued on to the flanks and abdomen, no stria) on the throat, which is greyish washed with olive-green ; more grey on the primaries, the secondaries and coverts with a narrower white margin ; and a small spot white only, on the inner webs of the tail feathers at the tip. Total length from the tip of bill to tip of tail in the flesh 9'4 in., wing 5*5, tail 3-9, tarsus 0*7 in., bill from forehead 1*2, from gape 1*3. JETab. Gulf district, N. W. Queensland, and Dawson Eiver district, &c. The eggs of this species are similar to those of its ally 0. viridis, but smaller and not so rich in colour, they are of a very light creamy buff with dark olive-brown spots, and a few of a pale lilac or slaty tint, appearing as if beneath the shell ; the spots are sprinkled all over the surface rather widely apart. Length A. 1-3 x 0-9 ; length B. 1-22 x 0-88. A Solution for Preserving large Vertebrata for Anatomical Examination. By N. de Miklouiio-Maclay. Ten days ago I found in a German Newspaper a Report of a meeting of the Anthropological Society of Berlin, held on the \ Cat. Bds., Vol. III., p. 188. BY N. DE MIKLOUHO-MACLAY. 577 19th of March, 1881, in which was stated, that Prof. P. Virchow informed the members present at the meeting that the specimen of the Homo australis " Umbelah," (alias Johny Campbell), sent by me from Brisbane in October last year in a conservative fluid, has safely arrived in Berlin and in good condition. This will give Prof. Virchow, or his pupils, the opportunity to make valuable anatomical dissections of this interesting specimen of the Genus Homo. This happy result, which I hardly had dared to expect, induces me to give here the proportions of different ingredients of this solution, which is different from that of Mr. Wickerskeim of Berlin. The elements of the Wickerheimer Fluid are : Alum . . . . 100 Kilo. Arsenious Acid . . 10 Kilo. Com. Salt . . 25 Boiling "Water . . 3000 Saltpetre . . 12 Glycerine . . 1 litre. Carbonate of Potash 60 Methyl. Alcohol. . 1 I have used for my preservative fluid : 4ft) White Arsenic ^ 2ft. Carbon, of Potash Disolved in 40 gallons of 3ft) Corrosive sublimate. water 40ft) Com. Salt J Speaking of this new solution, I must mention with thanks, that Mr. P. H. Staiger, the late Gov. Anal. Cheni., has assisted me with his theoretical and practical experience. I had also some advice from Mr. A. C. Gregory, C.M.G. I have to add : that before I put the body in this solution I had, cutting the covering of the abdomen in the Linea alba, removed the tractus intestinalis from the cardia to the rectum, leaving heart, lungs, liver, kidney, etc., etc. " in situ." I injected also about 40 lb of the Wickersheimer Fluid in the Aorta descendens, partly as a preservative, but chiefly in order that the glycerine, one of the elements of the fluid, might keep the members 578 A SOLUTION FOB PRESERVING LARGE VERTEBRATA, of the body supple. The body was not put in the liquor im- mediately after death. The first afternoon I had only time to take the brain out, the second day I removed the tractus intestinalis, made the injections, and only after 48 hours was the specimen put in the solution. The cold weather (16 and 17 Aug.) aided by a free use of a wash of the "Wickerskeinier Fluid pre- vented all signs of decomposition. But after remaining in my solution for 10 or 14 days I observed that many parts of the body were swollen. To assist the penetration of the preservative fluid under the skin and prevent further decomposition, hundreds of acupunctures were made, whereafter the swelling was soon reduced. I kept the body two months in the solution and as I was perfectly sure that the specimen was well preserved, I decided to send it to Prof. Virchow, and hope that this consignment will add a few facts to our knowledge of the Comparative Anatomy of the Races of Mankind. After the specimen had been sent to Europe, I got a letter from Prof. Virchow (dated 27th Nov., 1880) in which he tells me that he himself did not believe that the Wickersheimer Fluid, while excellent for a cold climate, was suitable for use in tropical and subtropical regions ; he advises me, in preserving such specimens as bodies of men : I to take the tractus intestinalis out and to preserve it in alcohol. 2 to inject a solution of Chloride of Zinc in the carotids and to put the brain in alcohol. 3, to inject also Glycerine and Carbolic Acid in some of the principal arteries, to keep the members movable. 4, to preserve the body in salt. He does not believe that Corrosive sublimate is of importance, but thinks, that Arsenic is good for preventing the formation of Fungi. Dr. Hector whom I have seen lately in Melbourne has told me, that common sea-water after it has been boiled and filtered is an BY N. DE MIKLOUHO-MACLAY. 579 excellent preservative solution for many, principally marine animals. Temperature of the Eock in the Magdala Shaft, Victoria. By N. he Miklouho-Maclay. Having ascertained that no observations of the temperature of rock have yet been made in the shaft of Magdala (the deepest mine in Australia) and being able to spare two days during my last stay in Melbourne, I went on April 4th to Stawell, provided with four thermometers, which Mr. E. L. T. Ellery, the Govern- ment Astronomer of Victoria, was kind enough to lend me for this occasion. I do not find it necessary to mention here all the details of this excursion, and will give only the results of my observations ; but I have to observe, that two holes of about 8 feet deep and 1£ inch in diameter were drilled in the rock (blue schist) on purpose to sink the thermometers into the rock, in the depth of 1,662 feet and 2002 feet, from the surface, while a third thermometer was introduced in the last rod of the diamond drill (2759 feet), which was not at work during the night hours.''1 Two of the thermometers were read the first time after remain- ing in the rock for seven hours, the second time after eight hours ; the third thermometer in the diamond drill only once after remaining in the rock for also eight hours. The results are near and interesting enough, but would be more correct i. e., more valuable, if self registering thermometers, hich I could not obtain in Melbourne, had been used, w ' * The diamond drill has since ceased work in the Magdala Shaft, having bored 521 feet below the bottom of the shaft, or to a total depth of 3,013 feet, or 2,232 feet below the level of the sea. 580 TEMPERATURE OF ROCK IN THE MAGDALA SHAFT, VICTORIA, /- 1 of the n. re- urs in d d d » p. _ . ^ a to CD ,d Ph Ph [*; M n Pi o S3 rfl ^ . M N • * -M •*» « ° ° to o"* O 0 L 4 OS CO 00 <. -TJ4 l~- t- 3 of the rm. re- ours in i ,6 0.) ,9 0.) pW 0 0 h X J^ o «3 O -2 £ - o o rd \M P"-i a Temp Rock, maini -4^> o o o" o" CO o W CO .. — *. h4 CO © »— ( a CD H d o h- 1 s -» ~~ o n 2_ °° **" CM $i< S3 rg f— ( ^L^ Pn" ^ a 2 H H -^ A . ^ o" o* CM CO CO 00 d »- , • r-1 d _ ^ — % 09 o ©" © © • 0 -*a o" o" ?" £~ <= >f? ^S tr CM CM ^ J^_ . O PM • MM ■? a a co _g -g o o © © tJ o" o" a" o" 3 © 00 © ■— 1 1 CO N t» 00 . f* t4 t* l* .''-'■''- JJ -W -u -w 05 1' D ;^aa • CO O •— t *H • O -^ CO ^ . »o o t^- oo I u u u ^ . o o o o • .*3 -*a -43 -tf • CD CD 0) 0) 0) CD CD 03 g Ph Ph Ph Ph e£ CM CM O Oi TJ CD O O «5 3 CD 0_ -^ «^ M -^ cm" y Bolton in 1798 in a Catalogue of his private Museum, edited by Roding. The family Auriculacea of Blainville, of which Pythia is one of the genera, bears date 1824. The Auriculidce are, says Pfeiffer, " a family of Mollusca, which breathe the external air by lung-like organs, and have no operculum, and are distinguished from the other families of Pulmonata by the following characters : "The Animal is hermaphrodite; its head terminates in an obtuse, somewhat fringed snout ; tentacles two, rather cylindrical which cannot be retracted like those of Helicidce ; eyes situated near the inner base of the tentacles ; mantle thin with the margin thickened ; foot elongated, bearing on its middle the spiral part of the body." " Shell spiral, variously shaped; pillar generally plaited in all ages ; body of the penultimate whorl usually toothed or plaited ; 588 ^ NOMENCLATURE AND DISTRIBUTION OF TIIE GENUS PYTHIA, M. peritreme sharp and straight or expanded, thickened, often toothed or transversely ribbed." And has established the following division of the Family : Family AURICULACFA, Blainville. 1st Sub-Family Otinea. Which is divided into two genera. A. Otina, Gray. B. Camptonyx, Benson. 2nd Sub-Family Melampea. Is divided into three genera. C. Melampus, Ifontford. B. Marinula, King. E. Pedipes, Adanson. Zrd Sub-Family Auriculea. Is divided into nine genera. F. Pythia, Bolton, the genus now under consideration. G. Plecotrema, BT. and A. Adams. H. Cassidula, Ferussac. I. Auriculus, Montfort. K. Alexia, Leach. L. Blauneria, Shuttletvorth. If. Luconia, Gray. iV. Coilostele, Benson. 0. Carychium, 0. F. Mutter. The genus Pythia was defined by Pfeiffer in 1856 in hisMono- graphia Auriculaceorum Viventium as follows — " Shell depressed ovate ; whorls provided on both sides with varices, forming a more or less distinct zigzag streak on the compressed sides ; aperture externally wide, narrowed within by a strong collumellar, and several strong parietal plaits ; right margin of the peristome furnished within with an oblique dentiferous callus, which usually appears externally." BY JAMES C. COX, M.D., F.L.S., ETC. 589 The most recent Monograph written on this genus was in 1876, by the late lamented Louis Pfeiffer, in his Monographise Auriculaceorum, it was in fact the last work written by that able and accomplished author, in which he records no less than forty- eight species of this genus and divides them into four sections. 1st Those species with the umbilicus transversely rimate. 2nd Those with the umbilicus rather closed. 3rd Those where the umbilicus is openly perforated or unibili- cated. ■1th Doubtful species. I am not inclined to place much value on the division of the genus by the condition of the umbilicus. I find that it varies very much in the same species in mature specimens even collected at the same locality. Since the publication of the valuable Monagraph mentioned, four other species have been described, so that up to the present date I find the number of species recorded as fifty -two. Many of the species recorded by Pfeiffer he had never had an opportunity of examining, otherwise his master-band, I am quite sure, would have considerably reduced this number. Pfeiffer was too honourable a Monographer to overlook or despise the work of his fellow Conchologists; he never rejected the records of others until he had had an opportunity of examining the specimens himself, then he was not slow to point out what he considered erroneous repetition, but it was always done with a respect that has made his loss so universally lamented. This genus, like many others, has received a variety of names, in fact up to a certain period it would almost appear that every author writing on the subject considered it necessary to give it a new appellation. The first species of the genus recorded was by Linneus in 1758, in his Sy sterna Naturse, 10th edition, Vol. I., p. 768, No. 571, as Helix Scarabceus ; this same species was 590 NOMENCLATURE AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENUS PYTHIA, described in 1774 by 0. F. Midler as Helix Pythia, in his Historia Vermium. In 1798 Bolton described it as Pythia Helicina, and in 1810 Montford described this same species as Sarabus Imbrium. In 1822, Lamarck described it as Auricula Scarabceus. in his Historie des Animaux sans Vertebres, and subsequently in 1837 Beck described it as Polydonta Listoriana. Each of these generic names in its turn have been used by Monographers to place this and other species of the genus under, but it is evident from tlie dates given that the name Pythia has priority, still some able conchologists think differently and up to a very recent date species of this genus continue to be described as Scarabus. In the beautifully illustrated Monograph of this genus by the late Lovel Reeve, the species are all described as Scarabus. This liberty on the part of authors is much to be regretted as it adds consider- ably to the trouble of Nomenclature, which every year it is felt more and more necessary to give in full in writing on any genus or species. Of the fifty-two species of which I have recorded the nomen- clature and distribution, it will be found that all are strictly tropical and none of them are found on the shores or on islands washed by the Atlantic Ocean. Their true position is very limited, and ranges from between 25° North Latitude and 25° South Latitude and 80° East Longitude and 130° West Longitude. Commencing from Ceylon in about 80° East Longitude, where we find two species, we have to travel east to find the homes of this peculiar genus, no species has been recorded as coming from Madagascar, Mauritius or the East Coast of Africa ; two or three species are found in China, much farther North than Ceylon, others again on the Southern shores of India and several at the Philippine Isles ; step by step we trace them from the Malay Peninsular to Sumatra, Borneo, Celebes, and through the groups of small Islands to the Caroline Islands northwards, to the Southern shores of New Guinea and probably on the Northern shores also if they were looked for ; recent researches have traced BY JAMES C. COX, M.D., F.L.S., ETC. 591 their presence on the North-east shores of our great Continent, between this point and the Caroline Islands moving east we find them almost universally distributed over the Islands met with as far as 130° of West Longitude, including the Admiralty, Solomon, Marshall, Louisiade, Gilbert, Ellice, New Hebrides, New Caledonia, Loyalty, Fiji, Navigators, Friendly, Cook and Society Islands ; they have not been found to pass as far East as the American Coast in the Pacific, nor has New Zealand to the South been favoured with their presence. From these facts it is evident that this genus will always be of importance to Australasian Collectors. Every lot of shells I have received from the Pacific Islands contains specimens in more or less abundance of this genus ; in the Solomon Group especially, they are very abundant and extremely variable in their size, shape, solidity and other characters ; within a very few years I believe that their exact distribution will be almost perfectly known and if I am not mistaken, the number of species instead of increasing will be materially lessened, as I feel sure that many so called species are mere local varieties. I trust that by freely circulating this paper amongst the collectors in the Pacific and those of our compeers in other parts of the world, the objects I have in view may be attained, and our Australian Collectors may be induced to pay more attention to this genus than it has hitherto found at their hands, and to record their experience. The facts now recorded are far from perfect, still they are the observation of years and are worthy of notice. 1*** Pythia abbreviata, Blainville. Scarabus abbreviatus, Blain., in Dictionaire des Sciences Naturelles Vol xlviii., p. 31, 1827. Polydonda abbreviata, Beck, in Index Mollus., p. 101, 1837. Pythia ? abbreviata, Pfr., in Synop. Auric, in Malak. Blatt., p. 149, 1854. 592 NOMENCLATURE AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENUS PYTHIA, Pythia abbreviate, Pfr., in Mon. Auric. Viv. p. 85, 1856; Pfr., in Brit. Mus. Cat. Auriculidte, p. 64, 1857; Pfr. in Mon. Auriculaceorum, p. 341, 1876. Habitat. Marion de Proce, a small isolated island of the Indian Ocean. Pfeiffer who has examined more closely into this genus than any other author, considers this a very doubtful species. 2*** Pythia acuta, Hombron et Jacquinot. Scarabus acuta, Homb. et Jacq., in Zoologio du Voyage au Pole Sud., Vol. v., p. 39, pi. 10, fig. 1—3. Pythia acuta, Beck, in Index Mollus., p. 104, 1837, is according to Pfeiffer, Marinula acuta, Orbigny, see Pfr., Mon. Auric. Viv. p. 60, 61, 1856; Pfr., in Mon. Auric. Viv., p. 98, 1856 ; Pfr., in Brit. Mus. Cat. Auric, p. 74, 1857 ; Pfr. in Mon. Auriculaceorum, p. 342, 1876; Pease, in Pro. Zool. Soc. Lon., p. 477, 1871. Habitat. Hogolen Islands. Pease, in Pro. Zool. Soc. Lon., p. 477, 1871. 3*** Pythia albovaricosa, Pfeiffer. Pythia albovaricosa, Pfeiffer, in Zeitschrift fur Malakazoologie, p. 190, 1853 ; Pfr., in Mon. Auric. Viv., p. 87, 1856 ; in Brit. Mus. Cat. Aurieulidte, p. 66, 1857, by Pfeiffer ; in Pfr's. Synopsis Auriculaceorum in Malak. Blatt. p. 145, i., 1854; in Novitatos Conch, by Pfr., Vol. i., p. 6, pi. iii., fig. 1, 2, 1854—1860 ; II. and A. Adams, Gen. Eecent Moll., p. 240, Vol. ii., 1853—1856 ; in Pfr's. Mon. Auriculaceorum, p. 341, 1876. Scarabus albovaricosus, in Reeve's Cone. Icon., Vol. sii., Mon. Scarabus, Sp. 4, pi. i., fig. a. b., 1860. Habitat. Island of Celebes, Pfr., in Brit. Mus. Cat. The same locality is given by Eeeve in his Cone. Icon, on the authority of Cuming — should this be correct it is strango that no specimens have found their way into tho Indian Museum at Calcutta, at BY JAMES C. COX, M.D., F.L.S., ETC. 593 least no record of it is made by Mr. Geoffroy Neville, the able and accomplished author of the " Hand List of Mollusca in the Indian Museum at Calcutta, 1878 ;" from this fact I doubt if it is found there at all. It is one of the most abundant and widely distributed species at the Solomon Islands, and it is the largest species found there. I have specimens of it from Makera Harbour, San Christoval Isl., Ugi, a small island off San Christoval, also Santa Catalina and Isabel Islands all of the Southern division of the Solomon Group, so far I have not received any specimens north of these localities. 4### p-jTHTA. Argenvillei, Pfeiffer. Pythia Argenvillei, Pfr., in Zeitscbrift fur Malakozoologie, p. 191, 1853 ; in Pfr., Synopsis, Auric, in Malak. Blatt i., p. 145, 1854 ; Pfr's., Mon. Auric. Viv. p. 96, 1856 ; Pfr. in Brit. Mus. Cat. Auriculidse, p. 73, 1857 ; Pfr. Novet. Conch., Vol. iii., p. 361, pi. 83, fig. 15-17; Pfr's. Mon. Auriculaceorum, p. 342, 1876; D'Argenville, La Conch. Augmentea de la Zoomorpliose, 1757, t. 9 (12) f. T. ; H. and A. Adams, Gen. Eec. Moll., Vol. ii., p. 240, 1853 and 1856. Scarabus Argenvillei, Peeve, Cone. Icon. Mon. Scarabus, Vol. xii., Sp. 24, pi. iii., fig. 24, 1860 : at least I presume this is Pfeiffer' s species, but the latter named author is quite ignored by Peeve as the describer of the species ; it would appear from Eeeve's Mon. that the species was his own. Strange to say also, Peeve does not give any habitat for this species, although it was recorded by Pfeiffer in 1853, some eight years before Peeve's Monograph was published. This species is not recorded by Paetel in his Catalog der Conchyliensammlung, 1873. Habitat. North Coast of Australia. Pfeiffer, Brit. Mus. Cat. This is an abundant, but very local species. I have never received it from any other locality than the one as above recorded. 594 NOMENCLATURE AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENUS PYTHIA. It is also very constant in its characters. I am unable to ascertain in what way it is referred to by D'Argenville as mentioned by Pfeiffer. Pfeiffer records Var. B. a small, pale grey variety, I presume from the same locality scarcely worthy of record. 5 Pytiiia avellana, Reeve. Scarabus avellana, Eeeve, Conch. Icon., Vol. xii., genus Scarabus 1860, Spe. 27, pi. iii., fig. 27. Habitat. The Island of Madura, near Java. Reeve, on the authority of Cuming. Pfeiffer has not taken any notice of this species in his Mono- graph on the Auriculacea published in 1876. Paetel has followed his example, and according to Gr. Neville, no specimens of it have reached the Indian Museum at Calcutta. I have not Issel's Catalogue to refer to, otherwise it might clear up difficulties and doubts. g*** Pythia Borneensis, A. Adams. Scarabus Borneensis, A. Adams, in Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1850, p. 152; in Eeeve, Cone. Icon. Sp. 11, pi. ii., 1860; in Issel's Molluschi Borneensis, p. 60, 1874; A. Adams, in Ann. and Mag., Nat. Hist., Vol. viii., p. 70. Pythia Borneensis, in Pfr's Synopsis Auriculaceorum in Mai. Blatt. i., 1854, p. 145 ; in Pfr's Mon. Auric. Viv. p. 95-96, 1856 ; in Pfr's Novitates Conch., Vol. hi., pi. lxxxiii., fig. 11, 12, p. 859 {not pi. xxviii, mentioned in Mon. Auric, 1876, p. 342) ; in Pfr's Mon. Auriculaceorum, p. 342, 1876 ; in Pfr's Brit. Mus. Cat. Aurieulidse, p. 72, 1857 ; in H. and A. Adams, Gen. Eec. Moll., Vol. ii., p. 240, 1858. Habitat. Borneo, Pfr., Eeeve, on the authority of Cuming. Issel includes it in his Molluschi Borneensis, but it is not recorded by GK Neville in his Hand List of Mollusca in the Indian BY JAMES C. COX, M.D., F.L.S., ETC. 595 Museum at Calcutta, 1878. Nor is this species included by Paetel in his Catalogue der Conchylien, Samnibung, 1873. I can only conclude that this species is either extremely rare, not having been seen by these authors, or that some doubt exists in their minds as to its being a distinct species. 7**** Pythia carinata, Beck. Pohjdonta carinata, Bech., Indian Molluscorum prajsentis am Musei prine august Christiani Frederici, 1837, p. 101, n. 1 (non discripta). Pythia f carinata, in Pfr. Mon. Auriculaceorum, 1876, p. 343 ; in Pfr., Mon. Auric. Viv., p. 79, 1856, see obs. 2. Habitat. Sinsapore or Sincapore, Beck. No mention is made to this species in the Hand List of Mollusca in the Indian Museum published at Calcutta by G. Nevill in 1878. The habitat given by Beck, Sinsapore or Sincapore (Singapore) has not been verified by those who have been working recently in that field. 8*** Pythia castaxea, Lesson. Scarabus castaneus, Lesson, in Voyage de la Coquille, Zool. ii., p. 336, p. x., fig. 7, 1830 ; in Martini and Chem. Conch. Cab. Auriculacea, p. 61, 1844, pi. ix., fig. 1, 2 ; in Peeve, Conch. Icon. Sp. 3, Vol. xii., pi. i., fig. 3, Mon. Scarabus, 1860; Peeve in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., Vol. ix., p. 220, 18 , pi. iv., fig. 10 ; in Reeve, Conch. Syst., Vol. ii., pi. 188, fig. 10, 1842 ; A. Adams, in Proc. Zool. Soc, 1850, p. 150 ; A. Adams, in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., Vol. viii., p. 69, 18 . Pohjdonta castanea, in Beck's Index Mollus. p. 101, 1837. Auricula scarabeus, Var. Desh. in Encyclopedic Methodique, nouv Ed. by Lamarck, p. 328, 1838. 596 NOMENCLATURE AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENUS PYTHIA, Pythia castanea, Mcirch, in Catalogus Conchyliorum Comes de Yoldi, p. 37, 1852 ; Pfr. in Synopsis Auric in Malak. Blatt., p. 149, 1854 ; Pfr., in Mon. Auric. Viv., p 91. 185G ; Pfr , in Brit. Mus. Cat. Auriculidce, p. 69, 1857 ; Pfr., in Mon. Auriculaceorum p. 342, 1876; Neville, in Hand List of Mollusca in the Indian Museum at Calcutta, p. 221, 1878. Habitat. Waigiou, Island of Zebu, Philippine Islands, Pfr. in Mon. of 1876. Waygeeoo Pfr., on the authority of Lesson. Island of Moluccas, Pfr. on the authority of Beck. Sibonga, Island of Zebu, Philippine Islands (in the Woods) Eeeve on the authority of Cuming. Katchall, Nicobar Islands and from Borneo Strait, G. Neville, on the Authority of Dr. Stoliczka. G. Neville in his Hand List of the Mollusca in the Indian Museum at Calcutta, p. 221, makes a var minor of this species and which he considers identical with A. Adams' species imper- forata " [jnv? =P. imperforata, A. Ad.]" collected by Stoliczka and de Eoepstorff at Camorta and Nicobars. Neville also considers it propable that Pythia tortuosa of Mousson is only a variety of this species judging from the specimens he had received from Putuna ex Museum Godeffroy. 9*-** Pythia Cecillei, Philippi. Scarabus cecillei, Phil, in Zeitschrift f iir Malakozoologie, p. 122, 1847; A. Adams, in Pro. Zool. Soc, 1850, p. 149 ; Eeeve, Mon. Scarabus in Cone. Icon., Vol. xii., Sp. 20, pi. hi., fig. 20, 1800; A. Adams, in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., Vol. viii., p. 68. Pythia Cecillei, Pfr. in Mon. Auric. Viv. p. 97, 1856; Pfr., in Brit. Mus. Cat. p. 74, 1857; Pfr., in Novitates Conch. Vol. iii., pi. lxxxiii., (not xxviii.) p. 355, fig. 3, 4. 1867, 1869; Pfr. in Mon. Auviculacea, p. 342, 1876 ; Paetel, in Catalog der Conch., Sammluug, p. 114, 1973 ; H. and A. Adams, Gen. Eect. Moll., Vol. ii., p. 240, 1858. BY .TAMES C. COX, M.D., F.L.S., ETC. 597 Habitat. China, on the authority of Admiral Cecille, of the French Navy. This species does not appear to have found its way into the Indian Museum at Calcutta. 10*** Pythia celebensis, Pfeijfer. Pythia celebensis, Pfr., in Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1854, p. 299 ; Pfr. in Mon, Auric. Viv., p. 89, 1856 ; Pfr. in Brit. Mus. Cat. Auriculidre, p. 67 and 68, 1857 ; Pfr., in Mon. Auriculaceorum, p. 342, 1876; H. and A. Adrms, in Gen. Eec. Moll., Vol. ii., p. 240, 1858. Scarahus celebensis, Peeve, Mon. Scarabus, Cone. Icon. Sp. 1 , pi. 1, fig. 1, 1863. Habitat. Isle of Celebes, Pfr. and Peeve, on the authority of Cuming. 11* Pythia Ceylanica, Pfeijfer, (Ceylonica). Pythia Ceylanica, Pfr., in Zeitschrift fiir Malakozoologie, p. 192, 1853 ; Pfr., in Synopsis Auric, in Mai. Bliitt., p. 149, 1854 ; Pfr. in Mon. Auric. Viv. p. 78, 1856 ; Pfr. in. Mus. Cat. Auricu- lidre, p. 58, 1857 ; Pfr., in Mon. Auriculaceorum, p. 335, 1876; Pfr. in Novit. Conch., Vol. iii.. p. 354, pi. lxxxiii., fig. 1, 2; H. Neville's Enumeratio Heliceorum et Pneumonoporum Insulte Ceylon, p. 4, 1871. Pythia Ceylonica, G. Neville, in Hand List Moll, in Ind. Mus. p. 222, 1878. Scarabus Ceylanicus, Peeve, Mon. Scarabus, Vol. xii., Cone. Icon. Sp. 12, pi. iii. Habitat. Ceylon, Pfr. and Peeve, on the authority of Cuming. Balipiti, Ceylon, G. Neville, in Hand List Mol. Ind. Mus. at Calcutta, 1878. Neville, it will be observed, has altered the spelling of Pfr's name from Ceylanica to Ceylonica, no doubt it was a mistake originally by Pfr., and the error has been per- 598 NOMENCLATURE AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENUS PYTHIA, petuated. I see no reason why the correction should not be made without changing the authority as Mr. Neville has done. 12*-** Pythia chalcostoma, A. Adams. Scarabus chalcostomus, A. Adams, in Proceedings of the Zoo- logical Society of London, 1850, p. 152 ; A. Adams, in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., Vol. viii., p. 70, 2nd series ; Peeve, in Cone. Icon. Mon. Scarabus, Vol. xii., 1860, Sp. 8, pi. i., fig. 8 ; Gassies, Faune Conchy liologique tenestre et Fluvio-lucustre de la Nouvelle Caledonia?, p. 55, pi. iii., fig. 5, part i., 1863, also in part ii., p. 100, 1869. Pythia chalcostoma, Pfr., in Synop. Auric, in Malak. Blatt, p. 149,1854; Pfr., in Mon. Auric. Viveu, p. 87, 1856; Pfr., in Brit. Mus. Cat. Auric, p. 66, 1857 ; Pfr., in Mon. Auriculaceorum, p. 341, 1876 ; H. and A. Adams, in Gen. Eec. Moll., Vol. ii., p. 240, 1859 ; G. Neville, in Hand List of Moll, in the Indian Mus. at Calcutta, p. 222, 1978 [?=P. Lessoni, Blain., Var.]. Habitat Solomon Islands, D'Urville, Pfr., and Peeve, the two latter on the authority of Cuming. Isles of Art and Tuo, New Caledonia, Montrouzier. New Caledonia Neville on the authority of Morelet, and Mare, Lifu, Loyalty Islands, on the authority of F. L. Layard. Mr. Brazier found it on Ysabel Island, Solomon Islands. I possess specimens of it from the same Island, and also from Santa Catalina a small island close to San Christoval of the Solomon group. The figure given by Reeve of this species differs so very much from the figure of it given by Gassies, that I cannot help think- ing there must be some mistake about it. I have never seen a specimen at all approaching Eeeve's figure from New Caledonia, the specimens from the Solomon Islands not only resemble Peeve's figure, but correspond in every way with the original discription of the species. BY JAMES C. COX, M.D., F.L.S., ETC. 599 13*** Pythia costulata, Kuster. Scarabus costulatus, 3£uster in Martini and Chemnitz, Conchylien Cabinet Mon. Auriculacea 1844, pi. 9, fig. 3. Pythia costulata, Pfr. in Synop. Auric, in Malak., Bliitt., p. 119, 1854 ; Pfr. in Mon. Auric. Viv. p. 87, 185G ; Pfr. in Brit. Mus. Cat. Auric, p. 65, 1857; Pfr. in Mon. Auriculaceorum, p. 341, 1876. Habitat. East Indies, Kuster, and Pfr. This species is not figured by Eeeve, nor is it mentioned in G. Neville's Hand List of Indian Mollusca, the latter fact throws considerable doubt on the habitat recorded ; it would be interesting to know in what Museum the original type specimens are to be found. 1 4*** Pythia crassidens, Hombron et Jacquinot. Scarabus crassidens, Homb. et Jacq., Zoologie du Voyage au Pol. Sud., Vol. v., p. 40, pi. 10, fig. 12, 13, 14. Pythia crassidens, Pfr., in Mon. Auric. Viven., p. 99, 1856 ; Pfr., Brit. Mus. Cat. Auriculidee, 1857, p. 74 ; Pfr. Mon. Auricu- lacea, 1876, p. 343. Habitat. Isle of Amboyna, Homb. et Jacq., also the same by Pfr. in Brit. Mus. Cat. 15** Pythia crosseana, Gassies. Scarabus crosseanus, Gassies, in Journal de Conchyliologie, Vol. xviii., p. 144, 1870; in Faune Nouv Caledonic part ii., p. 102, pi. 7, fig. 4, 1873. Pythia crosseana, Pfr., in Monographic Auriculaceorum, 1876, p. 339. Habitat. Island of Ouvea, Loyalty Islands, Gassies, on the authority of Lambert. 600 NOMENCLATURE AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENUS TYTHIA, 16*** Pytiiia Cumingiana, Petit. Searabus Cumingiana, Petit, in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1843, p. 3 ; Kuster in Martini and Chemnitz Conchylien, Cabinet, Mon. Anriculacea, p. 63, pi. 9, fig. 5, 6, 5* 1844 ; A. Adams and Eeeve, in Voy. Samarang, Mollusca, p. 56, pi. 14, fig. 16. 1948-1850; A. Adams in Pro. Zool. Soc, Lond., 1850, p 150 ; A. Adams, in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 2nd Series Vol. viii., p. 68, 18 ; Eeeve in Conch. Icon. Vol. xii., Sp. 12, pi. ii., fig. 12, 1860. Pythia Cumingiana, Pfr., in Mon. Auric. Viven., p. 89, 1856 ; Pfr., in Brit. Mus. Cat. Ariculacea, p 68, 1857; Pfr.. in Mon. Auriculaceorum, p. 342, 1876; Piitel, Catalog der Conchylien, Sammlung, p. 114, 1873; H. and A. Adams, in Gen. Eec. Moll. Vol. ii., p. 240, 1858. Habitat. Boljoon, Island of Zebu and Tanha}% Island of Negros Philippine Islands, Pfr. and Eeeve, on the authority of Cuming. 17*-*-*-* Pythia dilatata, Bed. Polgdonta dilatata, Beck, Index Molluscorum prajsentis am Musei Princ August Christiani Frederici, 1837. Searabus imbrium, Guurin, Iconogi'aphie du lvgne animal pi. vii., fig. 6 ? Gray, in Griffith, the Animal Kingdom by Cuvier, Mollusca et Eadiata xii., 1834, pi. 27, fig. 1. Pythia dilatata, Pfr., in Mon. Auric. Viven, 1852, p. 99 ; Pfr., in Brit. Mus. Cat. Auriculida), p. 75, 1857; in Pfr., Mon. Auriculaceorum, p. 343, 1876. Habitat. Philippine Islands, Pfeiffer, on the authoi-ity of Griffith, in Anim. Kingdom. 18**** Pytiiia gibbosa, Beck. Polydonta gibbosa, Beck, Index Molluscorum prsesentis esvi Musei Princi August Christiani Friderici, p. 101, N. 3, J 837. BY JAMES C. COX, M.D., F.L.S., ETC. 601 Pythia yibbosa, Pfr., in Mon. Auric. Viven., p. 99, 1852, " absque ulla indicatione " ; Pfr., in Brit. Mus. Cat. Auriculidre, p. 75, 1857 ; Pfr., in Mon. Auriculaceorum, p. 343, 1876. No habitat of this supposed species has been recorded, and so far as I can discover with the limited material at my disposal it has never been described. 19** Pythia hepatica, Pfeiffer. Pythia hepatica, Pfr., in Malak. Blatter p. 174, 1856 ; Pfr., in Novitates Conckologicce, Vol. iii., p. 357, pi. lxxxiii. (not xxviii.) fig. 7, 8; Pfr., in Mon. Auriculaceorum, p. 338, 1876. The habitat of this species was not known to Pfeiffer, but from his minute and careful description of the species I have no doubt it will soon be discovered. I may mention here that all the references to Pfeiffer's plates of the Pythia in his Novitates Conchologicse in his last monograph are incorrect. I venture to predict that this species is from the North-east Coast of Australia. 20* Pythia inflata, Pfeiffer. Pythia inflata, Pfr., in Zeitschrift fur Malak., p. 192, 1853; Pfr., in Mon. Auric. Viven., p. 76, 1856; Pfr., in Novit. Conch. Vol. i.. p. 7, 1854-1860, pi. iii., fig. 3, 4; Pfr., inBrit. Mus. Cat. Auriculidse, p. 57, 1957 ; Pfr., in Mon. Auriculaceorum, p. 335, 1876. Scarabus inflatus, Eeeve, in Conch. Icon. Mon. Scarabus, Vol. xii., 1860, sp. 25, pi. iii., fig. 25 ; Var. Metcalf, in Pro. Zool. Soc, Lon., 1851 ; Issel, Molluschi Borneensis, 1864. p. 61. Habitat. Borneo, Pfr. and Eeeve, on the authority of Cuming which Issel coroborates in his recent work. 1M 602 NOMENCLATURE AND DISTRIBUTION OF TIIE GENUS PYTHIA, 2i** Pythia imperforata, A. Adams. Scarabus imperforatus, A. Adams, in Proceedings of Zoological Society of London, 1850, p. 151 ; A. Adams, in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 2nd series, Vol. viii., p. 70 ; Eeeve, in Conch. Icon. Mon. Scarabus, "Vol. xii., pi. ii., Sp. 10 ; Issel, in Molluschi Borneensis, 1874, p. 61 ; in J. B. Gassies' Panne Conchy liologique de la Nouvelle-Caledonirc, 2nd Part, p. 101, 1872. Pythia imperforata, Pfr., in Synopsis Auriculaceorum in Malakozoologie Blatter t., p. 145 ; Pfr., in Mon. Auriculaceorum Viventium, 1856, p. 80; Pfr., in Brit. Mus. Cat. p. 60, 1857 ; Pfr., in Monographic Auriculaceorum, 1876, p. 339 ; H. and A. Adams, in Genera Eec. Mollus., Vol. ii., 1851, p. 239-210; Patel, in Catalogue der Conchyliensammlung, 1873, p. 114; Neville, in Hand List Moll., in Indian Mus. at Calcutta, p. 521, 1878. Habitat. The island of Borneo, Adams, on the authority of Cuming, also Peeve, on the same authority. Camorta and Nicobars, Neville, in Hand List of Mollusca in the Indian Museum at Calcutta, on the authority of Dr. P. Stoliczka and F. A. de Roepstorff . N eville considers his specimens the variety minor of Pythia castanea, Lesson. Katow and Ethel River, New Guinea, Brazier in Fro. Linn. Soc, New South Wales, 1878, Vol. ii., p. 128 ; these specimens are in theMacleay Collection, Sydney, N.S.VV. 22*** Pythia insularis, Hombron et Jacquinot. Scarabus insularis, Homb. et Jac, Zoologie du Voyage au PoL Sud., Vol. v., p. 40, pi. 10, fig. 15, 16, 17. Pythia insularis, Pfr., Mon. Auric. Viven., 1856, p. 85; Pfr., in Brit. Mus. Cat. Auriculidre, 1857, p. 64 ; Pfr., Monographia; Auriculaceorum, 1876, p. 341. Habitat. Solomon Islands, Homb. et Jacq. BY JAMES C. COX, M.D., P.L.S., ETC. 603 23* Pytiiia intermedia, Gassies. Scarahus intermedins, Gassies, in Journal de Conchyliologie, 1879, p. 130 ; Gassies, in Faune Conchyliologique de la Nouvelle OalMonie, by J. B. Gassies, part 3rd, pi. iii., fig. 16, 1880. Habitat. Mare, Loyalty Islands, Gassies, on the authority of Mr. Richard Rossiter of New Caledonia, a very accurate observer. 24*' Pythia lacteola, Gassies. Scarabus lacteolus, Gassies, in Journal de Conchyliologie, 1879, p. 131 ; Gassies, in Faune Conchyliologique de la Nouvelle Ualedonie par J. B. Gassies, p. 58, 1880, pi. iii., p. 3rd, fig. 15. Habitat. Mare, Loyalty Islands, Gassies, on the authority of Mr. Richard Rossiter of Noumea, New Caledonia. 25** Pythia Lekithostoma, Reeve. Scarabus Lchithostoma, Reeve, in Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 1842, Vol. ix., p. 220, p. 4, fig. 6 ; in Reeve's Conch. Systematica, Vol. ii., p. 168, pi. 188, fig. 6, 1842; in Reeve, Conch. Icon. Vol. xii., Monograph Scarabus, Volxii., Sp. 2, pi. 1, fig. 2 a. b.; A. Adams, in Pro. Zool, Soc, 1850, p. 150, also in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 2nd series, Vol. viii., p. 69 ; in Kiister, Martini et Chemnitz, Conch. Cabinet, 1844, p. 65, pi. 9, fig. 10. Pythia Lekithostoma, Pfr., Synop. Auric, in Mai. Blat. 1854, n. 77 ; Pfr., Mon. Auric. Viven., 1856, p. 76 ; Pfr., Monographia) Auriculaceorum, 1876, p. 336 ; Pfr., in Brit. Mus. Cat., 1857, p. 59. Patel, in Catalogue der Conchyliensammlung, 1873, p. 114. G. Neville's Hand List of Mollusca in the Indian Museum at Calcutta, 1878, p. 222. Habitat. Island of Guam, Pfr., Piitel and Neville, the latter on the authority of Prof. \V. Newcombe of Cornell University, America. 604 NOMENCLATURE AND DISTRIBUTION OF TIIE GENUS PYTHIA. I have had specimens of this species in my collection for many years, collected by Mr. Eossiter, at the Island of Guam. 26*** Pythia leoparda, Reeve. Scarabus leopardus, Eeeve, in Conchologia Iconica, 1860, Vol. xii., Monograph Scarabus, Sp. 14, pi. ii., fig. 14; in Gassies, Faune Conchyliologique Terrestre et Fluvio-lacustre de la Nouvelle Caledonia, p. 55, pi. iii., fig. 5, 1863, part 2nd 1871, p. 100. Pythia leopardus, Pfr., in Mon. Auriculaceorum, 1876, p. 342. Habitat. Island of Tuo, New Caledonia, Gassies. Eeeve acknowledges that this species is founded on very slight characters and if his figure is compared with that of Gassies, it is evident that two distinct species are figured. Eeeve's figure is only an intermediate form between undata and his representation of petkeriana ; undata again passes into mix, imperforata and borneensis. The figure given of it by Gassies passes by too easy gradation into nux, imperforata, borneensis, undata and crosseana. A gradual gradation from one to the other is very manifest, I have specimens of mix before me which so thoroughly illustrate this gradation that I doubt if any of these species should stand except the one whose name has priority. 27** Pythia lentiginosa, Garrett. Pythia lentiginosa, Garrett, in American Journal of Conchology 1872, Vol. vii., p. 4, p. 220, pi. 19, fig. 4 ; Schmeltz, Catalogue of Museum Godeffroy, No, v., 1874, p. 87 ; G. Neville, Hand List of Mollusca in the Indian Museum at Calcutta, 1878, p. 222. Habitat. Taviuni Island, Viti Islands Garrett ; Savinni Island Neville, on the authority of Godeffroy — probably intended for Savii Island, Samoan Iislands. 28*** Pythia Macgillivrayi, Pfeiffer. Pythia Macgillivrayi, Pfr., in Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1854, p. 298 ; Pfr. in Mon. Auric. Viv., 1856, BY JAMBS C. COX, M.D., F.L.S., ETC. 605 p. 97; Pfr., in Brit. Mus. Cat. Auriculidse, 1857; Pfr., in Monographic Auriculaceoruin, 1876, p. 343; Pfr., in Novit. Conch., Vol. iii., p. 360, pi. lxxxiii., %. 13, 14. H. and A. ' Adams, Gen. Eecent. Mollusca, Vol. II., p. 239-240. Patel in Cat. der Conch., p. 114, 1873. Habitat. Island of Aneiteum, New Hebrides, Pfr., on the •authority of Macgillivray. 29* Pythia matjrula, G assies. Scarabus maurulus, Gassies, in Journal de Conchyliologie, Vol. xviii., 1870, p. 143; in Gassies Faune Novel Caledonia), 1871, part ii., p. 103, pi. 7, fig. 5, (non 6). Pythia mawulus, Pfr., in Mon. Auriculaceoruui, 1876, p. 335, 1872. Habitat. New Caledonia, Gassies on the authority of Lambert, Deplanches and Viellard. I have specimens of this species from Mr. Eossiter of Noumea, from Lifou, Loyalty Islands, 30* Pythia minor, Gassies. Scarabus minor, Gassies, in Paune Conchyliologique Terrestie et Pluvio-lacustre de la Novelle Caledonise, p. 57, pi. iii., fig. 8, 1863, part 2nd 1871, p. 190. Pythia minor, Pfr., in Mon. Auriculaceoruin, 1876, p. 336. Habitat. Island of Tuo, New Caledonia, Gassies, on the authority of Montrouzer. I possess specimens of this species sent to me by Mr. P. Eossiter, from Prony Bay. Care must be taken that the name of this species is not con- founded with what G. Neville in his Hand List of Mollusca in the Indian Museum of Calcutta has designated a variety of Pythia castanea, as " Var. Minor" ; the designation should be changed. 606 NOMENCLATURE AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENUS PYTHIA, 31** Pythia nigricans, Pfeiffer. Pythia nigricans, Pfr., in Malakozoologie, Blatter, 1857 (non 1856 Pfr.) p. 174 ; Pfr., in Novit. Conch., Vol. iii., 1867-1869, Sp. 482, p. 358, pi. lxxxiii., fig. 9, 10 ; Pfr., in Cat. Brit. Mus. Anriculidee, 1857, p. 64 ; Pfr., in Monograph Auriculaceorum, p. 338, 1876. Habitat. Unknown. Pfeiffer's figure of this species in his Novitates Conch, is very like specimens found on the North-cast Coast of Queensland, Australia. 32** Pythia nux, Reeve. Scarabus mix, Peeve, Conchologia Iconica, Vol. xii., 1860; Monograph Scarabus, pi. ii., Sp. 18, fig. 18; in Gassies, Faune Conch. Terrest. et Pluv. de la Novelle Caledonia), 1863, p. 56, pi. 3, fig. 7, part 2nd, p. 100, 1869 (1872). Habitat. Balade, New Caledonia, Pfeiffer. I have specimens of this species from Lifu, Loyalty Islands, from Mr. P. Possiter, and also specimens from Cardwell, on the North-east Coast of Queensland, a habitat which Mr. Brazier has also corroborated. 33*#* Pythia ovata, Pfeiffer. Pythia ovata, Pfr., in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1854, p. 299 ; Pfr. in Cat. Brit. Mus. Auriculidrc, 1857, p. 67; Pfr., in Mon. Auriculaceorum, 1876, p. 342; H. and A. Adams, Genera Pecent Mollusca, Vol. ii., p. 239-240, 1858; Neville, in Enumeratio Heliceorum et Pnaumonoporum Insula) Ceylon adhuc detectorum, 1871, p. 4 ; Piitel, in Cat. der Conch., 1873, p. 114 ; Neville, in Hand List of Moll, in Indian Mus. at Calcutta, 1878, p. 222. Scarabus ovatus, in Peeve, Cone. Icon. Sp. 13, pi. ii., fig. 13, 1860. BY JAMES C. COX, M.D., E.L.S., ETC. 607 Habitat. Ceylon, Pfeiffer in 1854, Balapiti, Ceylon, G. Neville, Arakan, G. Neville, on the authority of Dr. F. Stoliczka. I have several specimens from New Guinea of this species collected by Mr. Golclie. Mr. G. Neville enumerates a variety of this species in his Catalogue, which he suggests is the PyiMa Lessoni, Blainville. 34*** Pythia tantiieeina, A. Adams. Scarabus pantherina, A. Adams, in Pro. Zool. Soc, 1850, p. 152, also in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 2nd Series, viii., p. 70. Scarabus pyramidatus. Peeve, Kuster Auriculaca, in Martini and Chemnitz, Conch. Cabinet, 1841, p. 62, pi. 9, fig. 3, 4; Mousson, in Die. Land und Susswasser-Mollusken von Java, 1849, p. 49, pi. 5, fig, 10. Pythia pantherina, Pfr., in Syn. Auric, No. 92, also Pfr., in Mon. Auric. Viv. 1856, p. 94 ; Pfr., in Brit. Mus. Cat. Auricu- lidse, 1857, p. 71,72; Pfr. in Mon. Auriculaceorum, 1876, p. 342 ; Adams, Gen. Eec. Moll., Vol. ii., p. 239-240, 1858. Var. B. — Chestnut-coloured with pale spots, Pfeiffer. Scarabus petiverianus, of Ferussac, Peeve in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., Vol. ix. p. 220, pi. 4, fig. 7 ? ; also Peeve in Conch. Syst., Vol. ii., x51- 188, fig. 7?; Kuster Auriculacea in Martini and Chemnitz, Conch. Cabinet, 1844, Sp. 4, p. 11, pi. 1, fig. 7 ; A. Adams in Pro. Zool. Soc., 1850, p. 148 ; also A. Adams, in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 2nd Series, Vol. viii., p. 67. Variety V. — Smaller, paler, more slender. Pythia pantherina, Piitel Catalogue der Conch. 1873, p. 114; also Pythiasavayensis, Mouss. =Pythia pantherina, A. Ad. same page Scarabus pantherinus, Issel, Molluschi Borneensis, 1874, p. 61. Variety S. — Pfeiffer, Scarabus uveana, Mousson in Journal de Conch., Vol. xiii., p. 177, 1856, Habitat Nueniona, Graffe, Uvea, Pease, in Pro. Zool. Soc, 1871, p. 477. 608 NOMENCLATURE AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENUS PYTHIA, Habitat. Philippine Islands, Pfr. and Reeve, on the authority of Cuming. Island of Java, Zollingen. Borneo, A. Adams. Celebes, Pfr., in Brit. Mus. Cat. Auric., Nueniona, Pease, in Pro. Zool. Soc, 1871, p. 477. It is extremely difficult to arrive at the rights of this species described first as 8. pantherina, in 1850 by Adams, the name is continued by Pfeiffer in his Monographs of 1856-57, and 1876, and under the same name by Adams in 1858. In 1875 Pfeiffer in his Brit. Mus. Cat. Aric, claims Peeve's species S.pyramidatus as described and figured by Kuster, as a synonym of this species pantherina, in other words, that Kuster has given a figure of Adam's species pantherinato represent Peeve's species pyramidatus Then Pfeiffer makes out that his variety B. of this species pantherina has been figured again by Kuster to represent Ferussac's species petiverinanus. I must confess that the two species petiverianus Per., and pyramidatus, Peeve, as figured by Kuster and claimed by Pfeiffer as a variety of each other require a great stretch of imagination to believe that they represent one species, especially if the figures of Kuster's are compared with the figures of Peeve of these species. 35** Pythia peeovata, Garrett. Pythtaperovata, Garrett, in the American Journal of Conchology, Vol. vii., part 4, p. 221, pi. 19, fig. 5, 1871-1872. Pfr., in Monagraphise Auriculaceorum, p. 340, 1876. Schmeltz, in Cat. Museum Godeffroy, V., p. 87, 1874. Habitat. Natawa Bay and Na Viti Levu Bay, Viti Island, Garrett — "Abundant, inhabiting the margins of the Mangrove Swamps." 36* Pytuia petiveriana, Ferussac. Referred to by Kuster as " Petiver Gyzophylacii, Naturao et artis, 1702 to 1711, pi. 4, fig. 10." I presumo figured in that work but not described. BY JAMES C. COX, M.D., F.L.S., ETC. 609 Scardbus petiverianus, Ferussac, Tableaux Systeniatiques des animaux Mollusques, suives d' un Prodrome &c, 1821, p. 101, N. 3 ; Zoschel in Weigmanus Archiv. fiir Nalurgeschichte 1831, i., p. 207 ; in Eeeve's Cone. Icon. Sp. 15, pi. 11, Feb. 15, 1860. Pythia petiveriana, Pfr., in Zeitschr fiir Malak., 1853, p. 128, Pfr., Mon. Auric. Viv., 1856, p. 78, also Pfr., in Brit. Mus. Cat. Auriculidao, 1857, p. 58-59 ; Pfr., in Mon. Auriculaceorurn, 1876, p. 336 — An^i3. plicata, Ferussac?. Piitel, in Catalogue der Conch. 1873, p. 114. Pfeiffer in 1856 came to the conclusion that this species was not the same as described by Deshayes in Lamarck's Hist. Naturalle sans Vertebres, 2nd Edit., Vol. viii., p. 339, N. 29, as Auricula petiveriana, nor that described by Peeve under the same name in the Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., Vol. ix., 1842 ; or in Peeve's Conchologia Systematica, Vol. ii., 1842; lie also considered that Kuster was wrong in his representation of this species in the Conchylien-Cabinet, so also was A. Adams, in his opinion, wrong in his definition of this species in his Monograph of the Scarabus published in the Pro. Zool. Soc, Lon., for 1850, p. 147. Peeve on the other hand in Conch. Icon. 1860, considers that Adams' Scarabus pantherinus is a synonym only oipetiveriana and also makes Deshaye's Auricula petiveriana as a synonym, and omits pantherina altogether from his Monograph. H. and A. Adams again in 1858, did not include petiveriana in their list in Gen. Pecent Mollusca. The figures by Kuster and by Peeve are certainly very unlike, it would be interesting to know if the original type specimen of Ferrusac has been preserved, and from what specimens the two authors took their figures. Pfr., appears never to have seen the species. Habitat. Bengal, Petiver in Pfr. Peeve gives as a habitat on the authority of Cuming, the Island of Siguijor, Philippine Islands, in the woods and amongst stones. 610 NOMENCLATURE AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENUS PYTHIA, 37* Pythia plicata, Ferussac. Scarahis pUcatus, Ferussac, in Tableaux Systematiques des aniuiaux Mollusques suivis d un Prodrome, p. 101, N. 2, 1821 ; Lesson, Voy. Coquille Zool. Vol. IL, p. 335, N. 80, 1830 ; Troschel, in Weigniann's Archiv. fur Naturgeschichte, Vol. i., 1838 ; Eeeve, in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. Vol. ix., p. 219, pi. 4, %. 3, also in Conch. Syst. Vol. ii., pi. 188, fig. 3, also in Conch. Icon. Mod. Scarabus, pi. hi., sp. 3, 1860 ; Kuster, in Martini and Chemnitz Conch. Cabinet, p. 9, pi. i, fig. 3, 4, 1844 ; A. Adams, in Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 148, also in Ann. and Mag. Nat, Hist. 2nd series Vol. viii., p. 67 ; Benson, in Journ. of Asiatic Soc. Bengal, Vol. vi., 1836. Pythia plicata, Morch. Catalogue Conch. queereliquitD'Aguirra et Gadea, comes de Yoldi Pasc. i., 1852. Pfr., in Synopsis Auric, in Malak. Blat., Vol. i., p. 145, 1854, also in Mon. Auric. Viv., p. 76, 1856, also in Brit. Mus. Cat. Auriculkhe p. 57, 58, 1857, also Mon. Auriculaceorum, p. 335, 1876. H. and A. Adams, Gen. Eec Moll. Vol. ii., p. 239-240, 1858. Figured in Lisl. Hist, vive Synopsis Method. Conch, p. 577, fig. 32, 1770, also in Klein's Taulamen Methodi Ostracologica.\ pi. 1, fig. 24, 1753 ; also in Pavarme's Troisieme edition augmentee de la Conchy liologie de D'Argenville, pi. 65, fig. D. 4, 1780. Helix scarabceus, var., Chem., Conch., ix., 2, p. 182, t. 136, fig. 1251-1252. Helix Scarahis, var. B., Dillwyn's Descriptive Cat. of Pecent Shells arranged according to the Linnean Method, Vol. ii., p. 886, 1817. Pythia plicata. Piitel, in Cat. der Conch., p. 114, 1873. In G. Neville's Hand List of Mollusca in Indian Museum at Calcutta, parti., p. 222, 1878. Scarabus plicatm ,Morelet, in Series Conch., Vol. ii.,p. 270, 1875. Habitat. First as given by G. Novillc, Port Canning on the authority of G. Noville, Wood, Mason, Stoliczka, and Baxter. BY JAMES C. COX, M.D., F.L.S., ETC. 611 Penang, Moulmein and Eangoon, Stoliczka ; Akyab, on the authority of Dodgson. Second as given by Pfeiffer — Bangkok, on the authority of Morelet. Bengalia and Pondicherry, on the authority of Deshayes. Jaffna, on the authority of Gardner and A. Adams. Neville does not corroborate the localities as given by Pfeiffer and it is probable therefrom that they are not correct. 38** Pythia pollex, Hinds. Scarabus pollex, Hinds, in Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Vol. x., p. 82 ; also in Zoology of the Voy. of H.M.S. "Sulphur," Mollusca, part iii., p. 60, pi. 16, fig. 9, 10, 1845; A. Adams, in Pro. Zool. Soc, 1850, p. 150, and in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. Vol. viii., 2nd series, p. 69 ; Peeve, Conch. Icon. Sp. 7, part i., fig. 7. Pythia pollex, Pfr., in Syn. Auric, n. 82, also in Mon. Auric. Viv. p. 86, 1856, also in Auriculaceorum, p. 341, 1876, and in Pfr., Brit. Mus. Cat. Auriculida?, p. 65, 1875. H.andA. Adams, Gen. Eec. Mol. Vol. ii., p. 239-240, 1858. Patel, in Catalog der Conchylien-Sammlung, p. 114, 1873. Mousson, in .Tourn do Conch., Vol. xviii., p. 133, 1870 (not in index) ; Schmeltz, in Cat. Mus. Godeffroy, v., p. 87, 1874. Scarabus zonatus, Homb. et Jacq., Voy. Pole Sud., Zool. v., p. 41., pi. 10, fig. 18-20. Habitat. Ovalau, Fiji Islands, Garnett, also G. Neville, in Hand List of Mollusca in Indian Museum at Calcutta on the authority of E. L. Layard, Esq., and on the authority of many other private collectors. 39** Pytiiia pybamidata, Reeve. Scarabus pyramidatus, Eeeve, in Annals and Magazine of Nat. History, Vol. ix., p. 221, pi. 4, fig. 12, (not Scarabus pyramidatus of Kuster or Mousson). Eeeve, in Conch. Syst, Vol. ii., pi. 612 NOMENCLATURE AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENUS PYTHIA, 188, fig. 12. A. Adams, in Pro. Zool. Soc, p. 149, 1850, also in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 2nd series, Vol. viii., p. 68. Pythia pyramidata, Pfr., in Synop. Auric, in Mai., Blat., N. 78, 1854, also in Mon. Auric. Viv., p. 79, 1856, also in Brit. Mus. Cat. Auriculidee, p. 60, 1857, also in Mon. Auriculaceorum, p. 337, 1876. H. and A. Adams, Gen. Eec. Moll., Vol. ii., p. 239- 240, 1858. Piitel, Cat. der Conchylien-Samrnlung, p. 114, 1873. Neville, in Hand List of Moll, in Indian Mus. p. 222, 1878. Habitat. New Ireland, Solomon Islands, Pfr., in Mon. Auricu- laceorum 1876, Island of Guam, G. Neville in his Hand List of Mollusca in the Indian Museum at Calcutta on the authority of Pro. W. Newcornb. Variety minor, Pfr., Island of Guam, Pfr., in Mon. Auriculace- orum, p. 337, 1876. 40** Pythia Eeeveana, Pfeiffer. Pythia Reeveana, Pfr., in Zeitschrift fur Malak., p. 190, 1853 ; Pfr., in Synop. Auriculaceorum in Mai. Blatter, N. 80, p. 149, 1854; Pfr., in Mon. Auric. Viv., p. 81, 1856 ; Pfr., in Brit. Mus. Cat. Aurieulidre p. 61, 1857; Pfr. in Mon. Auriculaceorum, p. 340, 1876. Piitel, in Catalogue der Conch. -Sammlung, p. 114, 1873. H. and A. Adams, Genera Eec. Moll. Vol. ii., p. 239, pi. 82, fig. 3. Scarabus imbrium, A. Adams and Eeeve, in the Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. "Samarang," Mollusca, p. 56, pi. 14, fig. 13, 1848-1850; A. Adams, in Pro. Zool. Soc, p. 147, 1850, also in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 2nd Series, Vol. viii., p. 66, Scarabus Reeveanus, in Eeeve's Conch. Icon., Vol. xii., Scarabus 1860, species 6, pi. i., fig. 6. Issel's Molluschi Borneensis, p. 61, 1874. Pfeiffer considers that Woodward's Polydonta scarabceus, mentioned at p. 304 of the edition of 1875 of his Manual of Mollusca, pi. xii., fig. , is a synonym and illustration of this BY JAMES C. COX, M.D., F.L.S., ETC. 613 species, the editor of that edition brackets it as being Scarabus imbrium of Montford, I presume in his Conchyliologie Systema- tique, Vol, ii., 1810, p. 307, so that in reality this species has been twice saddled with the name of imbrium, first by Adams and Reeve in 1850 as shown above, and again by Woodward. Adams and Reeve's name would not stand good because Montford in his Conchyliologie Systematique, Vol. ii,, p. 307, 1810, had described the well known species Pythia scarabceus of Linneus, (Helix scarabceus, Linn.) under the name of imbrium. Pfeiffer altered the name in 1853. Habitat. On the authority of Cumiug, Pfr., gave the habitat of this species in the Brit. Mus. Cat. as the Philippine Islands, and on the authority of A. Adams, as Celebes and Borneo in 1857. Peeve in his Monogroph in 1860, gives no habitat, although his specimen figured was from Cuming's Collection. I have not seen Issel's work on the Mollusca of Borneo, published in 1874, otherwise he would have settled the point. The Scarabus imbrium, figured and described by Kuster in Martini and Chemnitz Conchy lien-Cabinet, Sp. 1, pi. 1, fig. 1, 2, 5, p. 8, 1844, is Pijthia scarabaus of Linneus. 41* Pytiiia regularis, Gassies. Scarabus regularis, Gassies et Montrouzier, in Journal de Conchyliologie, Vol. xxvii., p. 129, 1879; Gassies, in Paune Conchyliologique de la Nouvelle Caledonie, by J. B. Gassies, part 3rd, p. 56, pi. iii., fig. 14, 1880. Habitat. Mare, Lifu, Loyalty Islands, Mr. Richard Rossiter. I have not seen this species. 42*** Pythia savaiensis, Mousson. Pythia savaiensis, Mous., in Journal de Conchyliologie Vol. xvii., p. 345, 1869, also in Journ. de Conch., Vol. xviii., p. 133, 1870; Pfr., in Mon. Auriculaceorum, p. 341, 1876. Pythia savaiiensis, Pease, in Pro. Zool. Soc, 1871, p. 477. 614 NOMENCLATURE AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENUS PYTHIA, Pythia Lessoni, Blain.= Pythia savaiensis, Mousson, G. Neville, in Hand List of Mollusca in Indian Museum at Calcutta, p. 223, 1&78. Pythia savayensis, Schmeltz, in Catalog, v., of Museum Goddefroy, p. 87, 1874. Habitat. Savaii, Manua Islands, and Ovalau, Mousson, on tlio authority of Grliffe ; Island of Savaii, Pease, in Pro. Zool. Soc. p. 477, 1871. Unless considerable care is taken much confusion will take place about this species — if a species it is, which I very much doubt — owing to the name having been altered already twice in its spelling. Originally spelt by Mousson Savaiensis it was altered by Schmeltz in 1874 to Savayensis, and subsequently by Pease in 1877 to Savaiiensis. Patel it will be observed considers the species only a variety of panther •ina of Adams, while Neville considers it a variety of Lessoni of Blainville. Neville records his specimens of Pythia Lessoni, Blain.=P. savaiensis, Mousson, first from Vavan, which should read Vavau, second from Mare Lifu, Loyalty Islands, both on the the authority of Layard ; third Savay Ovalau, from Godeffroy. 43** Pythia scarab.eus, Linneus. Helix scarabaus, Linn., — a perfect form — Syst. ed. 10, p. 768, N. 571 ; Mus., Sud. Ulr., p. 663, N. 361, Syst. ed. 12, p. Till, N. 655 ; Bom., Test. p. 365, 1780 ; Chemn., Conch., ix., 2, p. 179; Schrot, Einl. ii., p. 122; Gmel., Syst., p. 3613, N. 1; Dillw., Descr. Cat. ii., p. 85, N. 1 ; Burr., Elem. t. 20, f. 1.? Helix pythia, Mull., Hist. Vern. ii., p. 88, N. 286. Pythia helicina, Bolt., Mus., p. 105, N. 1346, ed. Nov. p. 74, N. 1319. Pythia rictans, Schum. Essai, p. 229. ,, imbrium, Morch., Cat. Yold. p. 37, N. 771. BY JAMES C. COX, M.D., F.L.S., ETC. 615 Pythia scarabczus, Pfr., in Z. of M., 1853, p. 127 ; also in Syn. Auric. N. 81, also Mon. Auric. Viv., p. 82 ; Pfr., Brit. Mus. Cat. p. 62, 1857, also Mon. Auriculaceorum. 1876, p. 340 ; H. and A. Adams, Gen. Eec. Moll., ii., p. 239, pi. 82, fig. 3a. 1358. Bulimics scarabmis, Bruguiere, in Encye Method., i., p. 340, 1789-1892. Scarabus imhrium, Mont., Conch. Syst. ii., p. 307, 1810; Fer- russac, Prodr. p. 101, N. 1 ; Blain., in Diet. Sc. Nat., v., 48, p. 31 ; Lesson, Voy. Coquille, p. 333, N. 78, pi. 10, fig-. 5 ; Leach, Zool. Misc. i., p. 96, pi. 42 ; Troschel, in Wiegm Arch , 1838, i., p. 204, t. 4, fig. 1 ; Iviister, in Conch. Cabinet, p. 8, pi. i., fig. ], 2, 5, 1844; Pot et Mich., Gul. Donai, i., p. 207; Sow., Conch. Man., fig. 299 ; Eeeve, in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ix., p. 220, pi. 4, fig. 5-8; also Conch. Syst. ii., t. 188, fig. 11, also in Conch. Icon., sp. 5, pi- i., fig. 5, 1860 ; M. E. Gray, Fig. Moll. Anim., id. 306, fig. 3. Scarabus Lessoni, Blain., in Diet. Sc. Nat., v., 48, p. 32 ; Lesson, Voy. Coquille, ii., p. 334, pi. 10, fig. 4 ; Oken Isis, 1833, t. 1, fig. 4 ; Eeeve, in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ix., p. 220, pi. 4, fig. 5, 8, also in Conch. Syst. ii., p. 188, fig. 5, 8 ; A. Adams, in Pro. Zool. Soc, 1850, p. 147, also in Ann. and Mag. Nat.. Hist. 2nd Series, viii., p. 67. Auricula scarabceus, Larn., Hist, vi., 2, p. 139, N. ed. 6; Desh. in Larn. Hist, viii., p. 327. Auricula ])etiveriana, Desh., in Larn. Hist. ed. nov. viii., p. 339, N. 29. Polydonta Listeriana, Beck, Index Mol. p. 102, N. 6 ; Beck, Index Mol. p. 102, N. 8. Scarabe austral, Chem., Lee. Elem., p. 240, fig. 910-911 ; Lister, Hist., pi. 577, fig. 31. B. — Imperfect form with the labrum not expanded. 616 NOMENCLATURE AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENUS PYTHIA, Pythia panther ina, A. Adams, variety Pythia savayensis, Mousson in Patel's Catalogue der Conch., p. 114, 1873. Kumph., Amboin. p. 91, t. 27, fig. 1 ; Guatt, Test., t. 4, fig 8 ; Knorr. Vergnug, vi., t. 19, fig. 2, 3. Helix scar ahceus, Chem , Conch., ix., t. 136, fig. 1249-50-53; Wood, Ind.pl. 32, fig. 1. Scarabus imbrium, Blain., in Diet. Sc., Nat., PL Moll. 54, fig. 5 ; Kuster, in Martini and Chem. Cab., p. 66, pi. 9, fig. 1 1, 12, 1844 ; Guer., Icon. Moll., p. 17, pi. 7, fig. 6. Pohjdonta imbrium, Beck, Index Moll., p. 102, N. 7. Pythia helicina, Murch., Catal. Yoldi, p. 37, N. 772. Judging from the above list of references, principally taken from Pfeiffer Brit. Mus. Cat. 1857, this shell has been a severe "bone of contention" amongst the authors who have written about it, but thanks to the able masterhand of the late Dr. Ludovico Pfeiffer this and many other species of shells have been restored to their proper position. In addition to these references I find the following also recorded by Pfeiffer in his work on the Auriculacese of 1876. Pythia scerabtzus, Linn., var., in Journal de Conch., Vol. xx., p. 322, \S72=Pythia rictans, Shiim., Ess., p. 229, the habitat of which he gives as Naucouri, PuloPanjang (Ehrdt.) KarNicobar (Kirp.) a large umbilicated species=also Pythia pctireriana, A. Adams et Peeve differt : testa minore et planiore — and with a closed umbilicus. Habitat. Naucouri (Ehrdt) ; KarNicobar (Kirp). Pythia scarabcBtis, Plitel, Cat. p. 114, 1863. Habitat. Molluccas, New Ireland and New Hebrides, Pfeiffer. Pythia scarabceus, Linn., in Neville's Hand List of Moll, in the Indian Museum at Calcutta, p. 221, 1878. Habitat. Nicobars, on tho authority of Dr. F. Stoliczka. BY JAMES C. COX, M.D., F.L.S., ETC. 617 44*** Pythia semisulcata, A, Adams. Scarabus semisulcatus, A. Adams, in Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1850, p. 151, also in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 2 series viii., p. 69. Peeve, Conch. Icon., Vol. xii., Sp. 9, pi. ii., fig. 9, Monograph Scarabus. Pythia semisulcata, Pfr., Synop. Auric, in Mai. Blat., i., p. 149, 1854, also Mon. Auric. Viv. p. 93, 1856, also in Brit. Mus. Cat. Auriculidae, p. 70, 1857, also in in Mon. Auriculaceorum, p. 342, 1876. H. and A. Adams, in Gen. Pecent Moll., Vol. ii., p. 240, 1858. 45*** Pythia sinuosa, A. Adams. Scarabus sinuosus, A. Adams, in Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1850, p. 151, also in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 2nd series, Vol. viii., p. 69. Peeve, Conch. Icon. Mon. Scarabus Vol. xii., Sp. 21, pi. iii., fig. 21. Pythia sinuosa, Pfr., in Synop. Auric, in Mai. Blat., Vol. i., p. 149, 154, also in Mon. Auric. Viv., p. 93, 1756, also in Brit. Mus. Cat. Auriculidae, p. 70, 1857, also in Mon. Auriculaceorum p. 342, 1870. In H. and A. Adams, Gen. Pec. Moll., Vol. ii., p. 239-240. Habitat. Isle of Negros, Philippine Islands, Pf eiffer and Reeve on the authority of Cuming, 46*** Pythia striata, Reeve, Scarabus striatus, Peeve, in Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Vol. ix., p. 220, pi. 4, fig. 9, 1842, also in Conch. Syst. Vol. ii., pi. 188, fig. 9, 1842, (Vol. iii., p. 109, Kuster), also in Conch. Icon., Vol. xii., Mon. Scarabus, Sp. 26, pi. iii. fig. 26. Kuster in Martini and Chemnitz, Conch. Cabinet, p. 64, pi. 9, fig. 7. A. Adams, in Proc. Zool. Soc, 150, p. 148, also in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 2nd series, Vol. viii., p. 67, IN 618 NOMENCLATURE AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENUS PYTHIA, Pythia striata, Pfr., Synop. Auric, in Malak. Blat., Vol. i., p. 149, 1854, also in Mon. Auric. Viv., p. 94, 1856, also in Brit. Mus. Cat. Auriculidee, p. 71, 1857, also in Mon. Auriculaceorum p. 342, 1876. H. and A. Adams, in Gen. Bee. Moll., Vol. ii., p. 239-240, 1858. Patel, Cat. der Conch, p. 114, 1873. Pythia striata, Beeve, is made by G. Neville in his Hand List of the Mollusca in the Indian Museum at Calcutta, p. 223, 1878, a variety of Pythia Lessoni of Blainville, which again he makes =to P. savaiensis of Mousson. Auricula scarabceus, of Quoy and Gamard, in Voy. Astrolabe, Vol. ii., p. 162. pi. fig. 24, is considered by Bf eiffer as a synonym of this species. Habitat. San Nicolas Island of Zebu, Bhilippines is the habitat recorded by Beeve and Bf eiffer, on the authority of Cuming. Bfeiffer gives the Indian Archipelago on the authority of Quoy. Neville gives for his variety striata, Beeve, Galathea Bay, Katchall and Teressa on the authority of Dr. Stoliczka and B. A. de Boepstorff Esq. I possess good specimens of this species from the New Hebrides Islands. Neville has in his collection a variety of this shell he calls (prox. striata) from Great Cocos Island and from Borneo Straits, collected by Dr. Stoliczka. Beeve in his Conchologia Iconica remarks that the example of this species figured by him in pi. iii., fig. 26 is not a characteristic one, and refers to that given in his Conch. Syst. as mentioned as the true original type. 47** PyTIIIa tortuosa, Mousson. Pythia tortuosa, Mousson, in Journal de Conchyliologie, Vol. xix., p. 19-20, pi. iii., fig. 6, 1871. Patel in Cat. der Conch., p. 114, 1873. Schmeltz, in Cat. v., of Mus. Godeffroy, p. 87, 1874; Bfr., in Mon. Auriculaceorum, p. 339, 1876. Neville, in Hand List of Moll, in Ind. Mus., p. 221, 1878. BY JAMES C. COX, M.D., F.L.S., ETC. 619 Hvbitat. The Islands of Uea, Wallis Island, and Futuna Island, Long. l76°W.,Lat. 13£° S. ; Pfeiffer on the authority of Graff e. 48--1 Pytiiia trigoxa, Troschel, Scardbus trigonus, Troschel, in Weigmann's Archives fur Naturgeschichte, Vol. i., p. 207, pi. 4, fig. 3, 1838. Eeeve, in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., Yol. ix., p. 219, pi. 4, fig. 2, also in Conch. Systematica, Vol. ii., pi. 188, fig. 2, also in Conch. Icon. Vol. xii. Mon. Scarabus, Sp. 22, pi. iii., fig. 22, 1870. Kuster, in Martini and Chem., Conch. -Cabintet, p. 10, pi. i., fig. 6, 1844; A. Adams and Eeeve, in Zool. Voy. H.M.S. " Samarang," p. 56, pi. 14, fig. 12, Mollnsca, p. iii., 1850. A. Adams, in Pro. Zool. Soc, 1850, p 148, also in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 2nd Series, Vol. viii., p. 67. Pythia trigona, Morch., in Catalog. Conch, quae reliquet D Alphonso D Aquirra et Gadea, comes de Yoldi, p. 37, N. 767, Fas. i., 1852 ; Pfr., in Synopsis Auric, in Malak. Blatt. i., p. 149, 1854, also in Mon. Auric. Viventium, p. 75-76, 1856, also in Brit. Mas. Cat. Auriculidae, p. 56, 1857, also in Mon. Auriculaceornm, p. 335, 1876. H. and A. Adams. Gen. Eecent Moll., Vol. ii., p. 239-240, 1858. Patel, Catalogue der Conch., p. 114, 1873; Neville, in Hand List of Moll, in Ind. Mus. at Calcutta, p. 222, 1878. Scarabus trigonus, Chem., in Manual Conch., Vol. i., p. 476, fig. 3514 ; Tryon, in Amer. Jour, of Conchology, Vol. v., part ii., p. Ill, 1869-70. Habitat. Pntuloz near Bentang, Pfeiffer, on the authority of Troschel ; also Borneo on the authority of A. Adams ; also Sarsogon, Island of Luzon, Philipines, on the authority of Cuming also Bombay, in Mon. Auric. 1876 ; Andaman Islands, Indian Archipelago, GT. W. Tryon, junr. Neville gives the habitats as Bassein, on the authority of W. T. Blandford, Esq. ; Eangoon, Dr. Hungerforde ; Trincomalee and Borneo Dr. Stoliczka ; Sinkip Island, J. Wood-Mason. Esq. 620 NOMENCLATIVE AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENUS PYTHIA. 49 Pytiiia undata, Lesson. Scarabus undatus, Lesson, in Zoologie Voyage de la Coquille, Vol. ii., p. 336, pi. 10, fig. 6, 1830. Eeeve, in Ann. and Mag. IN" at. Hist. Vol. be, p. 219, pi. 4, fig. 4, also in Conch. Systematica Vol. ii., pi. 188, fig. 4, 2842, also in Conch. Icon., Vol. xii., Mon. Scarabus, Sp. 17, pi. 11, fig. 17, 1860. Kiister, in Martini and Chemnitz, Conch.- Cabinet, p. 65, pi. 9, fig. 8, 9, 1841. A. Adams in Pro. Zool. Soc, 1850, p. 149, also in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 2nd Series, Vol. viii., p. 68. Pythia undata, Pfr.. in Mon. Auric. Viventium p. 90, 1856, also in Synop. Auric, in Malak. Blatt., i., p. 149, 1854, also in Brit. Mus. Cat. Auriculidse, p. 68-69, 1857, also in Mon. Auricu- laceorum, p. 343, 1876. Auricula scarabcens, variety , Desh., in Lam. Hist. Natur. Anim. sans Vert., new edit., Vol. viii., p. 328, 1838. Polydonta abbreviate*, Beck, Index Moll. p. 101, 1837. Habitat. Waigeau Island, North-west New Guinea, Kuster, 1844. 50** Pvthia variabilis, Hombron et Jacquinot. Scarabus variabilis, Homb. et Jacq., in Zoologie de Voyage au Pole Sud., Vol. vi., p. 39, pi. 10, fig. 1—3. Pytiiia variabilis, Pfr., in Mon. Auric. Viventium, p. 9S, 1856, also in Brit. Mus. Cat. Auriculida?, p. 74, 1857, also in Mon. Ariculaceorum, p. 343, 1876. Habitat. Arrow Islands and New Guinea. 51** Pythia Vebreauxi, Pfeiffer. Pytiiia Verreauxi, Pfr., in Malakozoologische Blatter, p. 173, 1856, also in Brit. Mus. Cat. Auriculidoo, p. 63, 1857 — as Pythia Verreaucei, by mistake — also in Monographic Ariculaceorum, p. BY JAMES C. COX, M.D., F.L.S., ETC. 621 336-337, 1876, also iu Novitates Concholologicae, Vol. iii., 356, 1867-69, pi. lxxxiii., fig. 5, 6. Habitat. Santa Catalina Island, one of the Solomon Group, a comparatively small Island to the south of San Christoval. It will be found on reference, that Pfeiffer placed this species (which is imperforate) iu the Brit. Mus. Catalogue in his third group which have the umbilicus openly perforated or umbilicated; this mistake is rectified by him in his Monograph of 1876. I have a large number of specimens of this pie-bald species from Santa Catalina some of which are absolutely imperforate, while others are openly umbilicated some have a light coloured peristome, others are blackish with every intermediate shade, the upper half varies from olive-brown to blackish- chestnut ; all have " distinct arcuate " or " deep arched striae " near the suture besides many other diagnostic characters resembling verreauxi in one specimen and castanea in another, so much so, that I have no hesitation in stating that I believe the two last named species are one and the same, possibly having slight local variations, but nothing to justify their being made distinct species. The only doubt in my mind is whether they are not both only one of the many varieties of Pythia scarabceus. 52** Pvthia Wallacei, Pfeiffer. Pi/thia Wallacei, Pfr., in Pro. Zool. Society of London, 1861. p- 28, pi. 2, fig. 2, also in Monographic Auriculaceorum, p. 338, 1876. Habitat. Island of Batchian, Pfeiffer, on the authority of Wallace. 622 on the practice of ovariotomy, On the practice of Ovariotomy by the Natives of the Herbert Eiver, Queensland.* By N. de Miklouho-Maclay. While in Queensland last November, I visited Dalby and met there Mr. Rotsch, who was recommended to me as a man of remarkable personal acquaintance with the country and people of Western Queensland. Mr. Rotsch told me, inter alia, that on his way from the Diamantina to the Herbert River, (about 23° Lat. and 139° Long.), he met with a man who had been staying some time with the Natives living a little up the stream of the Herbert River in the vicinity of the Rarrapitshuri Lake. This man told Mr. Rotsch, that he had noticed amongst these natives, who mostly had indured the " Mikse " operation,! a peculiar looking girl who appeared to avoid the society of other females and remained always with young men, sharing with them their occupation and toils. This girl was almost destitute of breasts, was very slim limbed, had some hair on the chin, and altogether had a kind of " boyish" appearance.j" Though this girl appeared to shun other females, she never showed a particular inclination for the young men to whose sexual use she was given. Two long cicatrices on the groins of the girl were explained by a native, who had been some time on a Station and could speak *I have seen some time ago a paper on the same subject in the Anthro- pological Society of Berlin, which was published in the proceedings of the same. fVide my letter to Prof. K. Virchow, about the Mikae operation : Verhand- lungen der Berliner Gesellschaft fur Anthropologic Ethnologie und Urges- chichtie Sitsung vov 17 April, 1180. Jin the well known case of Pott, the woman (of 23 years of age) after the operation (ovariotomia) had been performed, never menstruated, her breasts fell away and the muscular system became developed as in a man. (Rob. Barnes, " A Clinical History of the Medical and Surgical Diseases of Women 1878, page 184." BY N. DE MIKLOUHO-MACLAY. 623 a little English — " all same — spayed cow," and added that this operation is sometimes performed to give the young men of the trihe a female companion, without the risk that such a kind of " Hetaira " will ever become a mother.* The man explained, by gestures, that after the incisions in the groins are made, the ovaria are torn out. This tale appeared to me especially interesting, as it was a confirmation of another similar account, I remember, in 1878 to have heard from Mr. E. P. Eamsay, that Mr. J. Macgillivray, the well known naturalist of the "Rattlesnake," had told him about a native woman whom he saw at Cape York, on which the same operation (Ovariotomy) had been performed. Mr. Macgillivray saw himself the woman and convinced himself of the existence of two cicatrices in the groins. The woman was born dumb, and the operation of Ovariotimy was performed to prevent her having dumb-born children. Although it is strange that the Australian Natives should undertake such dangerous operations, it seems however to me, to be a fact. My reasons for this opinion are : — 1. The authen- ticity of the relaters (Macgillivray and Eotsch). 2. The circum- stance that Ovariotomy scarcely can be regarded as an operation more dangerous or complicated! than that of " Mikse " which has, as known, such a large spread in Australia. 3. The fact that dark races, as a rule, stand dangerous wounds or operations better than the white. 4. That this operation (Ovariotomy) is known to be performed by nations having very little knowledge *Mr. Bracker of Waroo Station, near Stanthorpe, mentioned to me, that amongst the blacks of that part of Queensland, sterile women were regarded as belonging to every man, as naturally fitted to be prostitutes. fAfter Ih. Billroth, (Handbuch der Frauenkrankheiten, 1877, page 215 and 228) the percentage of recoveries after the Ovariotomia is 90,5%. 624 CIRCUMVOLUTIONS OF THE CEREBRUM OF CANIS DINGO, of Anatomy.* 5. That similar operations on native women have been reported lately from other places of Australia.! Remarks about the Circumvolutions of the Cerebrum of Canis dingo. By N. de MiKLouno-MACLAY. [Plate V.] Without going into a detailed description of the gyri and sulci of the brain of the Dingo, a glance of the same (fig. 1.) and even a superficial comparison with the circumvolutions of another dog (fig. 4), proves, that the gyri of the former are more numerous and complicated than that of the later. It is true that on the plate are figured the Brains of two very extreme representatives of the species Canis. The one is that of the Dingo, the wild dog of Australia, the other the dog of New Guinea (from the Maclay Coast). The mode of life of both helps to explain the differences of their brains. The dingo depends upon his skill to provide himself with sufficient food by hunting, which requires often the full use of his intellect. Many of the gentlemen present here know far more than myself about the intelligence and cunning of the dingo ; therefore, having no experience of my own to add about this subject, I will say a few words about the Papuan dog. *Dr. Roberta in his travel from Delhi to Bombay (I found it mentioned in Muller's Archiv., 1873.) speaks about a female eunuch, who had the ovaria cut out ; she had no breast, very little adipose tissue on the Mons veneris which was hairless, the backside was manlike, she had no menstruation, and no sexual inclination. tl know from Mr. H. Gilliat, that Mr. Suttor has told him of having seen women similarly operated on, among the blacks on the Herbert and Mulligan Rivers, and that another gentleman had assured him of the same fact. I have heard from Mr. Duf aur, that he had noticed in the diary of Hume, a reference lo a similar practice among the blacks. BY N. DE MIKLOITHO-MACLAY. 625 The Canis papuensis is very different in appearance and character from the Canis dingo ; is generally smaller, has not the bushy tail of the dingo, is very timid, and howls instead of barking. The New Guinea dog is used as food by the Natives of the Maclay Coast ; his flesh however, when baked or boiled is dark and dry, and is generally regarded by the natives as inferior to that of the pig. Although he is sometimes fed by his master and gets with the pigs, all the remnants of the meals, he is often to be seen on reefs at low water, feeding on crabs and small fishes, etc. During the night, the dog in company with the pig takes over the business of the "Nightman" and the "scavenger" of the Papuan villages. Everything that appears edible to their taste and is not put out of their reach, including the human excrements which abound in the early part of the morning in the closest vicinity of the house, is devoured by them. In only a very few instances have I seen the natives of the Maclay Coast using their dogs to assist them in their hunting the wild pig, the dorcopsis and the cassowary ; the Canis papuensis, I think is not only too timid, but too lazy and too stupid an animal for such an occupation. I am sorry that I left in Singapore, among my papers, some drawings and photos of circumvolutions of brains of dogs of different breeds. The comparison of the same with the gyri of the Dingo would show that although the circumvolutions of the brains of the Dingo do not differ greatly from those of the brains of some of them, they are superior in number and complication of many of them. Explanation of Plate V. Pig. 1. — Brain of Canis dingo, Shaw, from a young specimen, from Guluarber Station, on the Balonne Eiver, Queensland ; seen from above. » 2') 3 | The same from the sides. >) 626 NOTES AND EXHIBITS. Fig. 4. — Brain of Cants papuensis, from the Village Bonga, Maclay Coast, New Guinea ; seen from above. ,, 5. \ g \ The same from the sides. NOTES AND EXHIBITS. Baron Maclay exhibited Photographs and Drawings of the brain of Canis dingo. Mr. Eamsay exhibited a new species of snake-like Lizard of the genus Lygopus from Nicol Bay. Mr. Brazier exhibited a specimen of Bulimus Rossiteri. Mr. Pedley exhibited an embryo of a Hippocampus, taken from the pouch of the male. Dr. Cox exhibited a fine series of Pythia illustrating his paper. Mr. Palmer exhibited an aboriginal skull from Broadsound, Queensland. WEDNESDAY, JULY 27th, 1881. The President, Dr. J. C. Cox, F.L.S., in the Chair. DONATIONS. The Fern World of Australia by F. M. Bailey, F.L.S., &c. The Third Annual Report of the Campbelltown Botanical Society ; by the Society. The Southern Science Record for June 1881. Journal of the Eoyal Microscopical Society, Vol. I., part 2, by the Society. 627 Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, Mass., Vol. VIII., pp. 95-284. Journal of theKoyal Society of New South Wales, Vol. XIV., by the Society. Tables des comptes rendus des seances d ' Academie des Sciences Paris, by the Society. Die Bevolkerung der Erbe, by Free Public Library Sydney. Louis Agassiz's Monograph of the Echinoderms, by Percival Pedley, Esq., Zoology of the Voyage of the Coquille, with atlas of plates, four volumes ; Grey's Handlist of Birds, three volumes ; Huxley's Elements of Comparative Anatomy, one volume ; Macleay's Catalogue of Australian Fishes, two volumes ; Transactions Ent. Soc. of New South "Wales, two volumes ; by the Honble. William Macleay, F.L.S., &c. papers read. Cranial deformation of new-born children at the Island mabiak, and other islands of torres straits, and of women of the s.e. peninsula of new guinea. By N. De Miklouho-Maclay. In April, 1880, visiting the islands of Torres Straits, I had the opportunity of seeing, at Mabiak, an interesting operation per- formed on the heads of new-born children. During the first weeks after the birth of the child the mothers are accustomed to spend many hours of the day compressing the heads of their infants in a certain direction, with the object of giving them a quite conical shape. I have seen it performed daily and on many children, and have convinced myself that the deformation, which is perceivable in the adults, is the result of this manual deformation only. This observation was specially interesting to me, 628 CRANIAL DEFORMATION OF NEW-BORN CHILDREN, remembering having read, many years before, the opinion of the celebrated biologist and anthropologist, K. E. de Baer, member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences of St. Petersburg, who would not believe that a manual pressure could have such an effect on the skull. [ Vide K. E. de Baer, Ueber Papuas and Alfuren, < Memoires de l'Acad. Imp. des Sciences de St. Peters- bourg,' 6 serie, t. viii. 1859, page 331.] K. E. de Baer expresses this opinion, analysing the information given by J. Macgillivray [Narrative of the Voyage of H.M.S. Eattlesnake ; London 1852, vol. 1. page 189], he thinks that the observations of Macgillivray, who has seen the same above-mentioned manual deformation performed on children at Cape York, are not exact enough. Eemembering this contradiction, I was careful to decide the contested point, and now, after careful examination, measurements, and inquiries, I believe the question may be regarded as settled, and that the information given by Macgillivray about the head deformation at Cape York was not too hasty, and was correct. As far as I know, it will be the only well authenticated example of cranial deformation by means of manual pressure. The deforming of heads at Mabiak is an instance of an intentional deformation, made for the sake of a singular idea of beauty ; but in the village Bara-Bara, on the east end of New Guinea, and in other villages on the South Coast of this Island, I had a chance of observing numerous cases of not intentional distortion of heads of adult females, in consequence of an established practice. The females in those parts of Now Guinea are accustomed to carry heavy burdens in large bags, the band of which serves as a handle and rests across the head, a little behind the sutura coronalis. As very young girls have to begin to assist their mothers in the household, this mode of carrying the heavy bags has resulted in forming a transversal and saddle- shaped depression of the head corresponding to the anterior parts of the Ossa parietalia. I have inspected a few hundred heads BY N. DE MIKLOTJHO-MACLAY. 629 of females* for the purpose of measuring the index of cranial breadth, amongst which I found many dozens of the well-marked above-mentioned transversal depressions. Many elderly females had the greater part of the depression quite strongly marked, and I found that in some cases the depression was not less than from 3 to 4 millemetres. I possess a skull from one of these villages of the south coast of New Guinea, on which the above-described saddle-ridge is well marked, and I believe this acquired cranial deformation has a great chance of being more or less trans- mitted from generation to generation by inheritance, and is therefore still more worthy of record. A more complete account of these cases of cranial deformation, with measurements and illustrations, will be found in my letter to Professor R. Virchow, of Berlin. [ Vide Sitgungsberichte der Berliner Q-esellschaft fiir Anthropologic Ethnologie und Urgeschichte, 1881.] Descriptions of Australian Micro-Lepidoptera. By E. Meyrick, B.A. VI. TORTRICINA. (Continued) The present instalment concludes the Tortricina, so far as they are at present known. It treats of the two remaining families, the Grapholithida and the Conchjlidee, as defined in the preceding paper (No. V.). These families are far less prominent in the Australian region than they are in the Northern hemisphere, and especially in Europe ; their main groups are indeed wholly absent and the representatives of the families consist chiefly of specially developed groups, with scattered outliers of some northern types. Descriptions are here given of 55 species, of which 45 are new to science. * Married females in many parts of New Guinea hare the habit of shaving their hair, and present, therefore, for a biologist a more suitable object for cranial measurement than the men with their large frizzled wigs. 630 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, The Grapholitkida are represented by 49 species, less than half the Tortricidce, of which in Europe they are very considerably more than double. Even of this number 4 are species introduced from Europe and now fully naturalised ; of the remaining 45 species 2 are common to Australia and New Zealand, 2 are endemic to New Zealand, and the remainder are endemic to Australia. The character of this fauna is strikingly peculiar and of great interest, but before discussing its nature, it will be necessary to make some remarks upon the internal classification of the family. In my view the Grapholithidce, as at present known, are divisible into six equivalent groups of genera, by the following characters ; these groups are mostly natural subdivisions, and the characters defined will be found to hold almost universally, though it is not denied that exceptions may occur within the limits of the group. A. (Pentium group.) thorax crested; antennae entire; veins 7 and 8 of forewings separate (rarely stalked) ; veins 3 and 4 of hindwings from a point (rarely stalked). B. Eudemis group.) thorax slightly crested ; antennae entire ; veins 7 and 8 of forewings separate ; veins 3 and 4 of hind- wings remote at origin. C. fPadisca group.) thorax smooth ; antennce entire ; veins 7 and 8 of forewings separate ; veins 3 and 4 of hindwings from a point. D. f Grapholitha 'group.) thorax smooth; antennae entire ; veins 7 and 8 of forewings separate ; veins 3 and 4 of hindwings stalked. E. (Palceobia group.) thorax smooth ; antennae entire ; veins 7 and 8 of forewings stalked ; veins 3 and 4 of hindwings stalked. F. ( ' Strepsiccros group.) thorax smooth ; antennae of male with a deep notch ; veins 7 and 8 of forewings separate ; veins 3 and 4 of hindwings stalked. BY E. MEYRICK B.A. 631 Comparing the relative proportions of these groups in Australia, New Zealand, and Europe, and adding the proportion of Tortricidce as a standard of comparison, we have the following results ; and although the actual number of species indicated from this region will doubtless be largely increased, there is no reason to suppose that the proportions will be materially changed. Europe. Australia. New Zealand Tortricidce . . ..151 . . 79 24 ^Grouf A.. 87 . 9 1 t> B.. 13 . 0 0 Grapholithidce J C. 70 . D..230 . 0 6 0 0 )> E.. 1 . . 14 0 ! ) F.. 1 . . 14 3 Here we have two-thirds of the Australian species correspond- ing to two species in Europe, whilst the remaining third corresponds to four hundred species ; whilst in New Zealand the family is hardly present at all. In the only other region of which the Tortricina are at all known, North America, the relative pro- portions of the various groups are much the same as in Europe, and groups E. and F. are not known to be represented at all. The indigenous Australian species of Grapholitliidcs are referable to eleven genera, of which three, containing nine species, occur also in Europe and North America ; the other eight, with thirty- four species, are new and endemic, one only extending to New Zealand. The two peculiar New Zealand species belong to two endemic genera, one of which is very abnormal, the other nearly allied to Australian genera. The four introduced European species belong to four other genera, which are not otherwise represented in the region ; there can be no doubt that they came over with their food-plants, but all are now well established and of common occurrence, and two at least are found in New Zealand as well as in Australia. It may be remarked that one of them, 632 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, Crocidosema pleleiana, seems to be already much, more plentiful here than at home ; indeed, if it were not so marked an European type, it might be argued that it was really introduced from Australia into Europe, but it is not probable that this was the case. The principal feature of the family is the development of the nearly-allied groups of Palcsolia and Strepsiceros, which are apparently almost confined to the Australian region. The two European species of these groups are very similar in facies to the Australian, but generically distinct. The peculiar larval habit of at least one species of Palceobia, which mines blotches beneath the cuticle of leaves, in the same manner as many of the smaller Tineina, is unprecedented in the Tortricina. Two species of Strepsiceros, which occur in both Australia and New Zealand, are the only Tortricina which appear to be indigenous to both countries ; and under those circumstances it becomes a question of importance whether they are really indigenous to both, that is to say, whether their occurrence in one or other is not due inter-, mediately to human agencies. Of the two species in question, S. ejectana is an excessively abundant species in various parts of Australia, and is known to feed on several common Australian shrubs ; in New Zealand it seems to occur more sparingly, and the specimens I took were decidedly dwarfed ; it does not seem at all improbable that it may have been accidentally transported with some one of its foodplants from Australia to New Zealand, and subsequently have maintained itself on allied plants. 8. zopherana, on the other hand, occurred to me in great abundance in New Zealand, and I have only met with occasional individuals round Sydney ; it is not inconceivable that in this case the previous process may have been reversed, but further evidence is required. If however these species are really indigenous to New Zealand, I am surprised that peculiar species of the genus have not occurred there ; though it is true that we have there the nearly allied but peculiar genus Hendecasticha. In view of the otherwise complete BY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 633 specific difference between the Tortricina of Australia and New Zealand, the matter is deserving of a full investigation. The little genus Stigmonota is also worthy of notice, as being, with the exception of the abnormal and doubtful genus Epitymbia the sole representative of the large Grapholitha group. Its presence probably indicates the antiquity of the genus ; the species are very similar in facies to the European. Of the Conchylidee there are five Australian and one New Zealand species, all endemic, distributed amongst four endemic genera, the New Zealand species being congeneric with an Australian one. These appear to form two groups, both of which are very distinct from anything yet known to occur in other parts of the world, and are characterised by the structure of the hind- wings. These in all other known genera of the family contain eight veins, of which 3 and 4 are stalked or from a point ; but in one Australian type, represented by the genus Heliocosma, these veins 3 and 4 are widely remote at origin and parallel, whilst in the other type, of which the other three genera are examples, there are only six veins in the hindwings altogether. The curious bladder-like swelling of the f orewings in Coscinoptycha, and the spherical radiating tuft of hairs on the hindwings of Olstophora, are abnormal and remarkable characters to which no analogy is found elsewhere. The facies of Heliocosma is that of the normal European type, but the species of the other group are eccentric and peculiar in appearance, and indeed are hardly recognisable superficially as belonging to the lortricina. The origin of the whole of the Australian forms may probably be referred to some single ancestor of extinct type, finding its way hither at a very remote period, perhaps intermediate in structure between Heliocosma and Paramorpha, which have many points of resemblance. The habit of the only larva of this family which I have yet met with is also very extraordinary, for it constructs for itself a portable case of the fragments of the flowers on which 10 634 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, it feeds, exactly after the fashion of some of the smaller Tineina, such as Coleophora. If the general remarks on the three families of Tortricina are compared, it will be seen that the evidence of all points in the same direction. All alike show indications of long isolation and great specialisation, and are distinguished by the disproportionate development of peculiar endemic groups. We have at present too little knowledge of other extra-European regions to be able to understand precisely the bearing of individual peculiarities, but the main lines of difference are clearly defined and instructive, and it may be anticipated that, when the fauna of the Malayan region is made known, we shall be in a position to furnish valuable evidence on the process of immigration of the Australian Miero- Lepidojptera. It may be mentioned that according to the number of species at present known, the proportion of Tortricina to Tineina is in the European region 35 per cent., and in the Australasian only 16 per cent., or less than half the European. Fam. II. GRAPHOLITHIDiE. Lower median vein of hindwings pectinated with long hairs above towards base; vein 2 of forewings rising from before posterior third of lower margin of cell. The Australian and New Zealand species of the family described hereafter are referred to seventeen genera, which may be analytically separated as follows : I. Forewings with 12 veins. A. Veins 7 and 8 of forewings stalked. 1. Veins 3 and 4 of hindwings from a point 1. Phricanthes. 2. Veins 3 and 4 of hindwings stalked. a. Hindwings with a membranous discal ridge near base . . . . ..11. Epitymbia. h. Hindwings smooth. BY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 635 i. Costa in male with basal fold . . 14. Holocola. ii. Costa in male simple .. ..13. Pakeobia. B. Veins 7 and 8 of forewings separate. 1 . Veins 3 and 4 of hindwings from a point. a. Vein 7 of hindwing rising from cell much before upper angle . . . . 5. Scolioplecta. b. Vein 7 of hindwing rising from upper angle of cell, i. Thorax smooth . . . . . . 8. Aphelia. ii. Thorax crested. * Thorax with three crests ; apex of forewings falcate . . . . 6. Epalxiphora. ** Thorax simply crested ; apex of forewings rounded, f Palpi porrected . . . . 4. Penthina. ft Palpi ascending, appressed to face . . . . . . 3. Antithesia. 2. Veins 3 and 4 of hindwings stalked. a. Costa in male with basal fold. i. Antennae of male notched above basal joint. * Veins 6 and 7 of hindwings stalkedl 5. Bathrotoma. *■'* Veins 6 and 7 of hindwings separate .. .. ..16. Strepsiceros. ii. Antennae of male simple . . . .12. Crocidosema. b. Costa in male simple. i. Hindwings in male with discal groove and ridge near base ..10. Carpocapsa. ii. Hindwings in male smooth. * Thorax crested . . . . . . 2. Helictophanes ** Thorax smooth . . . . . . 9. Stigmonota. 3. Veins 3 and 4 of hindwings separate at origin . . . . . . . . 7. Eudemis. II. Forewings with 11 veins . . . . . .17. Hendecasticha 636 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 1. PhRICANTHES, 11. g. Thorax with a moderate erect crest. Antennae in male thickened, shortly ciliated. Palpi rather short, porrected, second joint densely rough-haired beneath and at apex above, terminal joint exposed. Posterior tibiae fringed with short hairs above. Porewings moderately broad, costa in male simple, arched, hind- margin slightly sinuate beneath apex ; surface with raised scales. Hindwings strongly rounded, broader than forewings. Pore- wings with veins 7 and 8 stalked, vein 7 running to costa, secondary cell indicated, vein 1 simple at base. Hindwings with veins 3 and 4 rising from a point, 5 approximated to 4 at base, 6 and 7 separate, diverging. Belonging to the group of Penthina, and very similar in facies to Helictophanes, but distinguished by the peculiar and abnormal neuration of forewings, in which veins 7 and 8 are stalked and both run to costa before apex, and vein 1 is not furcate at base ; the neuration of hindwings is normal. The only species is of moderate size, and rather conspicuous^ marked. 1. Phric. asperana, n. sp. <$ $ . 6£"-8". Head white, mixed above with dark fuscous, forehead with a small blackish spot. Palpi white, second joint black at base and with two interrupted black rings externally. Antenna? dark ochreous-grey, with slender blackish annulations. Thorax dark fuscous mixed with black, and on shoulders with whitish. Abdomen light brownish-ochreous. Anterior tibiae black with two white rings, tarsi black with base and two rings slenderly white ; middle tibiae white with three narrow black rings, tarsi white with apex, a broad band near base, and two slender rings black ; posterior tibiae whitish-ochreous minutely speckled with black, tarsi whitish-ochreous with slender blackish rings at base of joints. Forewings moderate, apex very obtuse, BY E. MEYKICK, B.A. 637 dorsal half with numerous spots of roughened scales ; white, costa and inner margin strongly strigulated with blackish, alternate spots larger, last four costal spots broader and close together ; a dark grey blotch, mixed with ochreous and transversely strigulated with black, extending along inner margin from base to two-thirds, and reaching two-thirds across wing, rather ill-defined, rounded posteriorly ; a slender ferruginous transverse streak from costa at one-fourth, reaching half across wing, blackish on costa ; a small grey irregularly triangular spot on disc at two-thirds ; a rather broad grey streak, coarsely mixed with black, from costa at three-fourths to anal angle, posteriorly rather undefined, anterior edge closely preceded by a slender irregular grey line ; some small irregular black streaks on hindmargin, connected together by a slender ferruginous streak close to hindmargin, extending to above apex; cilia grey, mixed with dark grey, towards anal angle whitish. Hind wings smoky brownish-ochreous; cilia pale ochreous, with a dark ochreous-grey line near base, extremities dark fuscous round apex. Superficially somewhat similar to Helictophanes tricolorana, but differing by the ferruginous marks on forewings, and the smoky brownish-ochreous hindwings, besides other details. Generally taken at rest on the trunks of Eucalyptus ; tolerably common on the sandy coast near Sydney, in thin scrub, and occurs also at Waratah on the Hunter River, in October, December, and January. 2. Helictophanes, n. g. Thorax with a moderate erect crest. Antennae in male moderately ciliated. Palpi moderate, porrected, second joint roughly haired beneath and at apex above, terminal joint exposed. Posterior tibire fringed with hairs above. Forewings moderately broad, costa slightly arched, in male simple, hindmargin rounded or slightly sinuate. Hindwings rounded-elongate, broader than forewings. Porewings with veins 7 and 8 separate, 7 running to 638 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, costa (? or hindniargin), secondary cell distinct, vein 1 furcate at base. Hindwings with veins 3 and 4 stalked, 5 approximated to 4 at base, 6 and 7 stalked. Allied to Penthina, but distinguished from all other genera of the group by the stalking of veins 3 and 4 of hindwings ; the stalking of veins 6 and 7 of hindwings, and the termination of vein 7 of forewings on the costa, are also noticeable characters. I have only been able to thoroughly examine the neuration of H. uberana ; but the other two species appear to agree in all essential points, as well as they can be made out, and especially in the stalking of veins 3 and 4 of hindwings, which is distinct. The three species may be separated as follows : a. Forewings white and black ; hindwings yellow. . 1. tricolor ana. b. Forewings ochreous-brown; hindwings dark-grey 2. uberana. c. Forewings light ochreous ; hindwings pale brownish-ochreous .. .. .. . .3. fang ij er ana. 1. Helict. tricolorana, n. sp. $ . 7". Head, palpi, and thorax dark fuscous mixed with whitish, second joint of palpi with an ochreous spot on outer side. Antenna) brownish-ochreous. Abdomen dark fuscous, tinged with ochreous. Legs blackish-fuscous, tibiae and tarsi with slender whitish rings. Forewings moderate, costa gently arched, apex obtusely rectangular, hindmargin hardly oblique ; white, costa and inner margin very shortly strigulated with black ; basal patch blackish, mixed with dark grey and whitish, its outer edge extending from one-third of costa to one-third of inner margin, irregular, slightly angulated in middle ; a dark fuscous-grey ill-defined blotch extending along inner margin from basal patch to three-fourths, reaching half across wing, somewhat rounded posteriorly ; two or three small black marks immediately beyond its posterior edge ; a small black triangular spot at apex of wing, slenderly produced along hindmargin, and containing BY E. MEYRICK B.A. 639 two oblique white streaks before apex ; from its anterior angle proceeds a slender blackish sinuate line at first inwards, then curved outwards to anal angle ; a dark fuscous-grey cloudy streak parallel and close to lower half of hindmargin : cilia whitish with two black lines (?). Hindwings deep yellow, apex and hindmargin broadly suffused with dark fuscous ; cilia grey-yellowish, with a dark fuscous line near base. A distinct and handsome species, superficially separable from Phric. asperana by the yellow hindwings, and the entire basal patch, black apical spot, and absence of ferruginous markings on forewings. One specimen, taken at Sydney in October. 2. Helict. uberana, n. sp. $ ? . 6A-"-7j". Head, palpi, thorax, and antennce ochreous- brown, sometimes mixed with dark fuscous. Abdomen dark fuscous. Legs grey-whitish, anterior tarsi black with base and two narrow median rings whitish, anterior and middle tibise, and middle and posterior tarsi banded with dark fuscous. Forewings moderate, costa bent before apex, apex obtusely rounded ; ochreous-brown, more or less irrorated and suffused with dark fuscous ; costa with slender oblique whitish strigulse, the inter- spaces between which are black ; a small subquadrate black spot on costa at one-fourth, and a blackish ill-defined spot on disc at one-third, indistinctly connected ; a small subquadrate black spot on costa in middle ; some indistinct dark fuscous transverse strigulee towards anal angle and hindmargin : cilia ochreous- brown or dark fuscous. Hindwings dark fuscous-grey ; cilia fuscous-grey, with a dark suffused line near base. Far. Forewings with a large round ochreous-yellow blotch in disc above middle at two-thirds from base. Recognisable by the rich ochreous-brown colour, and peculiarly rounded apex of forewings ; the variety characterised is curious, but appears to belong to this species without doubt. 640 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, Seven specimens of the type, and one of the variety, taken at rest on fences round Sydney, in October and December ; in repose the tips of the forewings are peculiarly bent in beneath the extremity of the abdomen, causing an appearance of deformity. 3. Helict. fungiferana, n. sp. <$ . 6 1". Head and thorax pale ochreous, mixed with whitish, centre of thorax with a large square blackish spot. Palpi blackish. Antenna? brownish-ochreous. Abdomen brownish-ochreous, segments suffused with dark grey towards base. Legs whitish- oehreous, anterior and middle tibia? and all tarsi banded with blackish. Forewings moderate, costa gently arched, apex rec- tangular, hindmargin rather bowed outwards below middle ; light ochreous, with two clusters of tufts of raised scales towards inner margin, the first about one-fourth, the second in middle, and some scattered tufts above anal angle ; some irregular blackish scales along inner margin towards base ; a large dark grey triangular costal blotch, mixed with black, extending on costa from one-fourth nearly to apex, anteriorly attenuated, its apex reaching two-thirds across wing a little before anal angle, in- distinctly connected with hindmargin before anal angle by two or three dark grey and blackish scales : cilia light brownish- ochreous. Hindwings pale brownish-ochreous, transparent at base, hindmargin suffused with dark fuscous-grey ; cilia pale brownish-ochreous, with a darker line near base. Somewhat resembling Penth. helicana in colour and type of marking, but characterised by the tufts of raised scales towards inner margin, and the much larger costal blotch. One specimen taken in scrub near Parramatta, New South Wales, in September. 3. Antituesia, Gn. Thorax with a strong erect crest. Antennce,in male thickened, ciliated. Palpi rather short, ascending, closely appressed to face, BY E. MEYKICK, B.A. 641 second joint shortly rough-haired beneath, terminal joint short, distinct. Posterior tibire fringed with hairs above. Forewings moderately broad, costa gently arched, in male simple, hindmargin rounded. Hindwings rounded-elongate, broader than forewings. Forewings with veins 7 and 8 separate, vein 7 running to hind- margin, secondary cell distinct. Hindwings with veins 3 and 4 rising from a point, 5 approximated to 4 at base, 6 and 7 separate, diverging. Larva sixteen-legged, feeding in rolled leaves. The genus only differs from Penthina in the form of the palpi, which are bent upwards and appressed to the face ; but unless the two genera can be connected by indefinable gradations, this appears to me a sufficient point of distinction. I have two Australian species ; the genus is scantily represented in Europe. 1. Ant. phyllanthana, n. sp. $ ? . 6^"-7^". Head and palpi dark fuscous mixed with whitish-grey. Antennae dark oclireous-f uscous. Thorax in male whitish-ochreous or pale ochreous mixed with dark fuscous, in female almost wholly dark fuscous. Abdomen ochreous-grey, anal tuft of male whitish-ochreous. Legs whitish-ochreous, anterior and middle tibia? and all tarsi banded with dark fuscous. Fore- wings moderate, costa gently arched, apex obtuse, hindmargin somewhat oblicp^e ; light reddish-fuscous, somewhat suffused with whitish, in female more or less wholly suffused with dark fuscous- grey ; basal patch blackish-grey, irregularly suffused with white and light reddish towards base, outer edge extending from costa at one-third to inner margin before middle, somewhat concave below middle ; central fascia blackish, on lower half mixed or suffused with light reddish, moderately broad, anterior edge well-defined, extending from just before middle of costa to just beyond middle of inner margin, separated on costa from basal 642 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, patch by a subquadrate white spot ; costa between central fascia and apex suffused with blackish, with five pairs of oblique whitish strigulae ; beyond central fascia the disc is wholly suffused with dark grey, except an ovate reddish-white patch on anal angle, emitting a curved whitish line from its anterior end reaching half across wing, and two sinuate whitish lines close together from its apical end, meeting and terminating a little below apex ; some- times a reddish- white mark on hindmargin below apex ; in female these markings are often almost obliterated in the dark fuscous- grey suffusion : cilia light reddish-fuscous, beneath anal angle whitish, in female sometimes wholly whitish or wholly blackish- fuscous. Hindwings fuscous-grey, hindmarginal edge darker ; cilia whitish-grey, with a dark grey line near base. A variable insect, ranging from light reddish-fuscous to dark grey, but generally showing a small clear white spot on costa before middle, and a whitish patch on anal angle ; some forms recall the European Penth. profundana, F. Larva dull green, but undescribed ; feeding in rolled-up leaves of Phjllanthus Ferdimndi, (a small tree belonging to the EuphorbiacecBj in December. Eather common on fences in Sydney, where the food-plant is only grown in gardens, being a native of Queensland ; occurs in January and February. 2. Ant. spheerocosmana, n. sjj. c? • 8A-". Head, palpi, antenna), and thorax ochreous, face and outer side of palpi mixed with blackish, basal joint of antenna) blackish. Abdomen grey, anal tuft whitish-ochreous. Anterior and middle legs whitish-ochreous, broadly banded with dark fuscous ; posterior legs whitish. Forewings strongly dilated posteriorly, costa slightly arched, considerably bent beyond middle, apex obtuse-angled, hindmargin straight, not oblique ; reddish-ochreous, slightly mixed with whitish-ochreous, and with BY E. MEYKICK, B.A. 643 a few scattered metallic-grey scales ; basal patch dark slaty-grey mixed with blackish, becoming reddish-ochreous towards inner margin, its outer edge defined by a thick curved blackish line from costa before one-third, becoming obsolete below fold ; costa shortly and obliquely strigulated with blackish throughout ; a small blackish subquadrate oblique spot on middle of costa, between which and basal patch the costa is broadly suffused with dark slaty-grey, except on extreme edge ; a triangular blackish space at apex, extending along apical third of costa and upper half of hindmargin, shading into ground-colour towards disc, intersected by two or three oblique irregular partially confluent leaden-metallic lines from costa to hindmargin about middle, and containiug short oblique pale ochreous costal strigula), of which the last is more conspicuous and produced to hindmargin beneath apex ; inner margin obscurely strigulated with dark grey ; an irregular suffused fuscous spot on inner margin towards anal angle, extending nearly to middle of disc : cilia dark slaty-grey, with a blackish basal line, towards anal angle reddish-ochreous.- Hindwings dark fuscous-grey ; cilia grey, tips more whitish-grey. A very distinct and elegantly -marked species, differing consider- ably in form of wing from the preceding. One fine specimen in the collection of Mr. G. Masters, taken on the Richmond Eiver. 4. Penthina, Tr. Thorax with a strong erect crest. Antenna) in male shortly ciliated. Palpi moderate, porrected, second joint roughly haired above and below, terminal joint distinct. Posterior tibia} fringed with hairs above. Forewings rather broad, costa in male simple? rather strongly arched. Hindwings rounded, broader than fore- wings. Forewings with veins 7 and 8 separate, 7 running to hindmargin, secondary cell distinct. Hindwings with veins 3 and 4 from a point, 5 approximated to 4 at base, 6 and 7 separate. 644 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, This genus is the type of a considerable group, characterised usually by the presence of a well-marked thoracic crest, the origin of veins 3 and 4 of hindwings from a point, and the approximation of 5 to 4 at base. Sericoris, Tr., separated from Penthina by the less well-marked crest, appears to me at present insufficiently distinguished, but is not represented in Australia, the two species described below belonging truly to Penthina. Larva sixteen-legged, feeding in rolled or spun-together leaves, or in stems and seedheads. The genus is rather numerously represented in Europe and North America ; of the two Australian species P. helicana may be separated from P. doxasticana by the dark triangular costal spot. 1. Penth. doxasticana, n. sp. $ ? . 6"-7|". Head, palpi, antennae, and thorax light grey or dark grey, crest of thorax sometimes black. Abdomen ochreous- grey, edges of segments whitish. Legs whitish, anterior and 'middle tibiae and all tarsi banded with dark fuscous. Forewings posteriorly dilated, costa slightly arched, apex nearly rectangular, hindmargin slightly oblique ; light grey, irrorated with blackish scales in rows, sometimes suffused with darker grey ; costa with numerous short oblique blackish strigula), more or less suffused with ferruginous ; central fascia generally obsolete or indicated by two or three faintly darker spots, sometimes tolerably distinct but ill-defined, narrow, dark grey, from middle of costa to inner margin before anal angle, interrupted beneath costa ; four or fivo alternate costal strigulse towards apex dilated into very small subquadrate black spots : cilia ferruginous-grey with a sharply defined black basal line on upper half of hindmargin, wholly whitish on lower half, blackish beneath anal angle. Hindwings fuscous-grey, paler at base, hindmarginal edge darker ; cilia whitish or grey-whitish, with a dark grey line near base. Perhaps more allied to the European P. profundana, F. than to any other species, but very distinct ; the white cilia on lower half BY E. MEYKICK, B.A. 645 of hindmargin apparently indicate some relationship with Ant. phyllanthana. I took five specimens in a grass-field near Parramatta, New South Wales, in June and July, flying at sunset ; and also one near Brishane, in September. 2. Penth. helicana, n. sp. ? . iy. Head, palpi, antennae, and thorax pale ochreous, suffused with reddish-fuscous. Abdomen dark ochreous-grey . Legs whitish-ochreous, anterior and middle tibiae and all tarsi banded with dark fuscous. Forewings rather broad, costa moderately arched, apex nearly rectangular, hindmargin slightly sinuate beneath apex ; pale ochreous-fuscous, towards costa mixed with whitish ; costa shortly strigulated with blackish ; inner margin suffused with ochreous-fuscous ; outer edge of basal patch indicated by an indistinct interrupted dark fuscous line from costa at one-fourth to inner margin before middle, before which the groundcolour is mixed with dark grey strigulre ; a dark fuscous triangular costal blotch, mixed with blackish, extending on costa from a little before middle to three-fourths, its apex reaching half across wing beyond middle of disc, connected with anterior extremity of a small cloudy ovate dark fuscous spot on disc at two-thirds ; an ovate reddish-ochreous-fuscous clearly-defined blotch before hindmargin above middle, its lower and narrow end resting on middle of hindmargin ; a small irregular ochreous- fuscous spot above anal angle ; a small roundish black apical spot : cilia pale brownish-ochreous, whitish-ochreous towards anal angle, with a whitish-ochreous line at base along hind- margin, on upper half with three or four dark fuscous-grey transverse bars starting from black dots on hindmargin. Hind- wings fuscous-grey ; cilia whitish-grey, with a dark grey line. In form resembling the European P. semifasciana, Hw., but not capable of being confused with any other. 646 DESCRPITIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, One specimen in the thick forest-growth on the Bulli Pass (2000 feet), New South Wales, in October ; a second, much worn at Rosewood, Queensland, in September; and a third in Mr. Gr. Masters' collection, from the Richmond River. 5. ScOLIOPLECTA, 11. (J. Thorax with a small erect crest. Antennre in male moderately ciliated. Palpi moderate, porrected, second joint roughly haired beneath and at apex above, terminal joint distinct. Posterior tibia) loosely scaled above. Forewings moderately broad, costa in male simple, slightly arched, hindmargin slightly oblique. Hindwings rounded, broader than forewings. Porewings with veins 7 and 8 separate, 7 running to hindmargin. Hindwings with veins 3 and 4 from a point, 5 parallel to 4, 6 and 7 remote at origin, 7 rising from upper margin of cell considerably before the angle. Apparently allied to the group of Penthina, but the neuration of the hindwings is abnormal, and separates the genus from all others of the family with which I am acquainted. The only species is a handsome and distinct insect. 1. Scql. comptana, Walk. fSciaphila comptana. Walk., Brit. Mus. Cat. 353). <$ . 8". Head dark fuscous mixed with whitish. Palpi whitish, mixed with dark fuscous beneath, second joint with three obscure dark fuscous bands. Antenna) grey. Thorax dark fuscous, mixed with white posteriorly. Abdomen dark fuscous, segments ochreous-tinged towards base. Legs ochreous-white, all tarsi and tibise with sharply-defined black bands. Porewings moderate, costa hardly arched, hindmargin slightly oblique, hardly rounded ; deep ferruginous, coarsely mixed with black, and with a few scattered leaden-metallic scales, with two sharply defined white bands ; disc with numerous small tufts of raised scales ; costa and inner margin shortly strigulated with blackish ; BY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 647 base of wing mixed with white ; first band from costa at one- third to inner margin before middle, rather irregularly margined, somewhat attenuated beneath costa, shortly dilated on inner margin ; second band from costa at two-thirds to inner margin at three-fourths, rather narrow throughout, slightly dilated on inner margin, its anterior margin emitting a short oblique tooth in middle ; three white costal strigulse before apex, from the anterior one of which proceeds a faint leaden-metallic line to anal angle, the two posterior nearly confluent with a white sinuate streak near hindmargin above middle ; beyond the second band the black colour tends to form thick lines along the veins : cilia white, towards anal angle ochreous, with a blackish line near base. Hindwings deep yellow towards base, posteriorly very broadly suffused with dark fuscous, sometimes almost wholly dark fuscous ; cilia whitish, with a broad dark fuscous line near base. Easily known by the white bands on the roughened dark ferruginous and black fore wings. Three specimens taken at Parramatta and Murrurundi, New South Wales, in October and November. Walker's type is said to be from Sydney. 6. Epalxiphora, n. g. Thorax with a very large erect crest on each side of back, and a small double crest behind. Antennae in male thinly ciliated. Palpi moderate, straight, porrected, second joint with closely - appressed scales, terminal joint exposed. Posterior tibiee fringed with hairs above. Eorewings oblong, moderately broad, costa in male simple, dilated before middle, straight towards apex, apex acutely produced, falcate, hindmargin obliquely rounded beneath. Hindwings rounded-trapezoidal, broader than forewings, indented beneath apex. Eorewings with veins 7 and 8 separate, 7 running to hindmargin. Hindwings with veins 3 and 4 from a point, 5 moderately approximated to 4 at base, 6 and 7 stalked. 648 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO -LEPIDOPTERA, The facies of this genus is very singular, and it seems rather uncertain to what group it is most allied, but it agrees in its main characters with Penthina, differing widely, however, in the peculiar triple crest of the thorax, and the conspicuously falcate apex of forewings. The only species is from New Zealand, and is of large size. 1. Epalx. axenana, n. sp. (J. 12V'. Head ochreous-white, spotted with light ochreous irrorated with dark fuscous. Palpi light ochreous irrorated with fuscous. Antennae whitish-ochreoiis, slenderly annulated with dark fuscous. Thorax light greyish-ochreous mixed with fuscous, with two black transverse lines towards anterior margin, side-tufts whitish-ochreous. Abdomen whitish-ochreous. Legs pale ochreous, anterior and middle tibiae and all tarsi banded with dark fuscous, posterior tibiae ochreous-whitish. Forewings elongate, oblong, apex falcate ; whitish-ochreous, irregularly mixed and clouded with brownish-ochreous, extreme costal edge white, obscurely spotted beneath with fuscous ; the veins posteriorly marked with dark fuscous ; outer edge of basal patch represented by a blackish-fuscous spot on costa at one-fifth, contracted in middle, and a blackish-fuscous cloudy spot, some- what outwardly oblique, on inner margin before middle, con- nected together by a narrow ill-defined, twice strongly angulated, ochreous-f uscous streak ; a narrow reddish-fuscous streak starting from costa at two-fifths, very oblique, extending to disc above anal angle a little below middle, thence bent rather obliquely inwards and ending just before reaching anal angle, most distinct towards extremities ; a longitudinal elongate dark ochreous-grey- fuscous spot in middle of disc, its upper edge emitting a sharp inwardly oblique tooth in middle, its posterior extremity touching the oblique transverse streak ; a dark reddish-fuscous transverso spot on inner margin slightly beyond middle, its apex almost suffused into the central spot ; a flattened triangular dark reddish- BY E. MEYEICK, B.A. 649 fuscous spot along costa from near middle to a little before apex, its apex reaching one-fourth across wing ; an ill-defined sinuate fuscous streak extending from central transverse streak above angulation to hindmargin below apex : cilia ochreous-white, transversely barred with dark reddish-fuscous. Hindwings whitish, faintly mottled with pale grey towards hindmargin, with two or three scattered faint grey spots ; cilia white, with a row of dark grey spots along base. Very irregularly marked, and dissimilar to any other known species. One specimen taken at rest on a tree-trunk near Wellington, New Zealand, in January. 7. Eudemis, Hb. Thorax slightly crested. Antennae in male thinly ciliated. Palpi rather short, porrected, second joint shortly rough-scaled beneath and at apex above, terminal joint distinct. Posterior tibiae with ap pressed scales. Fore wings elongate, subtriangular, costa hardly arched, in male simple, hindmargin obliquely rounded. Hindwings rounded, broader than forewings. Pore- wings with veins 7 and 8 separate, 7 running to hindmargin, secondary cell indicated. Hindwings with veins 3 and 4 separate at origin, 5 slightly approximated to 4 at base, 6 and 7 separate. Larva sixteen-leggfed, feeding in spun-up shoots. Allied to Sericoris, but distinguished from all other genera of this family by the separation of veins 3 and 4 of hindwings at base. The only species found in Australia is not native, but has been introduced from Europe with the vine, on which it feeds ; there are several other Euroj)ean species. 1. Eud. botrana, Schiff. ( Orapholita parvulana, Walk., Brit. Mus. Cat. 391.) IP 650 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, $ ? . 4f"-5". Head and palpi ochreous. Antennae grey. Thorax ochreous, mixed with blackish-fuscous. Abdomen dark ochreous-grey, anal tuft ochreous- whitish. Legs ochreous- whitish, anterior and middle tibise and tarsi suffusedly banded with dark fuscous. Porewings elongate, costa nearly straight, somewhat bent before apex, hindmargin rounded, very oblique ; whitish, with numerous scattered blackish-grey transverse strigulfe, costa and inner margin finely strigulated ; costa and inner margin suffused with greyish-ochreous near base ; outer edge of basal patch represented by a slender greyish-ochreous slightly -curved fascia from one-fourth of costa to one-third of inner margin ; central fascia straight, extending from costa slightly beyond middle to inner margin slightly beyond middle, broad and blackish-grey towards costa, rapidly attenuated below middle and greyish-ochreous ; a small triangular blackish-grey ochreous-tinged spot on inner margin before anal angle; a greyish-ochreous slender streak from costa beyond central fascia to hindmargin below middle, dilated towards hindmargin into a roundish spot ; a greyish-ochreous apical spot, containing two white costal strigulse before apex, extreme apex blackish ; a slender somewhat interrupted blackish line along hindmargin : cilia pale ochreous, towards anal angle whitish, with two dark grey lines. Hindwings grey, paler and subtransparent towards base ; cilia pale grey, with a dark grey line near base. Described from Australian specimens, which however do not seem to differ noticeably from others from the south of France. Taken rather commonly at Parramatta, New South "Wales, and also at Rosewood, Queensland, in August, September, March and May. The larva feeds in the shoots of vines ; but as the imago seems to occur also in the native bush, it is possible that it may have adapted itself to other foodplants. 8. Aphelia, Stph. Thorax smooth. Antenna) in male shortly ciliated. Palpi elongate, porrected, second joint roughly haired above and below, BY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 651 attenuated posteriorly, terminal joint distinct or partly concealed. Posterior tibiae fringed with hairs above. Forewings elongate, rather narrow, costa in male simple, slightly arched, apex acute, hindmargin straight, very oblique. Hindwings rounded-elongate, broader than forewings. Forewings with veins 7 and 8 separate, 7 running to hindmargin, secondary cell distinct. Hindwings with veins 3 and 4 from a point, 5 very closely approximated to 4 at base, 6 and 7 stalked. A small genus of rather doubtful affinity, but apparently con- nected with Serieoris by the rootfeeding species of Orthotcenia. The larva is believed to feed in the stems of Jimcus. The species described below appears to occur all over the world, whether introduced or indigenous it is hard to say ; it is at all times very variable, but I do not think the local forms can be maintained as distinct species. It is abundant through Europe, and occurs also in North America ; I have taken it in Ceylon, and it is found in both Australia and New Zealand. 1. Aph. lanceolana, lib. ^ ? . 6 J"-9". Head, palpi, antennae, and thorax varying from pale ochreous to ochreous-brown, sometimes reddish-tinged ; palpi variable in length (in one New Zealand specimen extremely elongate). Abdomen elongate, varying from whitish-ochreous to fuscous. Legs whitish-ochreous, more or less suffused with fuscous. Forewings elongate, costa very slightly arched, apex acute, hindmargin very oblique, slightly rounded beneath ; very variable ; pale ochreous, often almost wholly suffused with fuscous, sometimes unicolorous fuscous mixed with reddish- ochreous ; costa generally with numerous very fine oblique darker striguloe ; sometimes a straight ill-defined dark fuscous central streak from base to apex, entire or interrupted so as to form two or three irregular spots, or visible at apex only, or wholly absent: cilia varying from whitish-ochreous to fuscous. Hindwings grey-whitish, slightly darker at apex ; cilia grey-whitish, some times with a darker line. 652 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, The description refers to Australian and New Zealand forms only, so far as I am acquainted with them. Occurs, not commonly, round Sydney, Parramatta, and Campbelltown, New South Wales, from December to March, in damp places and at light ; also in the district of Duaringa, Queensland ; and 1 took it at Hamilton, New Zealand, in January. 9. Stigmonota, Hw. Thorax smooth. Antennae in male shortly ciliated. Palpi rather short, arched, ascending, second joint roughly haired beneath, terminal joint distinct. Posterior tibiae loosely scaled. Forewings short, moderately broad, costa in male simple, gently arched, hindmargin rounded or somewhat sinuate. Hindwings rounded, broader than forewings. Porewings with veins 7 and 8 separate, 7 running to hindmargin, secondary cell distinct. Hindwings with veins 3 and 4 stalked, 5 parallel to 4, 6 and 7 separate. Belongs to the group of Grapholitha, in which it is distinguished by the ascending palpi, and the parallel veins 4 and 5 of the hindwings. The species are small, and usually dark with a pale often obsolete spot on middle of inner margin. The known larvae feed principally in the seed-pods of Leguminosce. The genus is represented by some number of species in Europe and North America ; and I am acquainted with five from Australia, which may be thus distinguished : A. Hindwings orange towards base. 1 . Dorsal blotch distinct . . . . . . 1 . zapyrana. 2. Dorsal blotch obsolete . . . . . . 2. conficitana. B. Hindwings wholly fuscous. 1. Dorsal blotch distinct 3. parvisignana. 2. Dorsal blotch absent. a. Costa clearly strigulated throughout with whitish . . . . . . . . 4. iridescens. b. Costa without pale strigulae . . . . 5. floricolana. BY E. MEYKICK, B A. 653 1. Stigm. zapyrana, n. sp. $ ? . 5"-5|". Head, antenna^ and thorax dark fuscous, face more or less whitish. Palpi ochreous-whitish. Abdomen blackish, beneath with white rings. Legs ochreous-white, anterior tibiee with two dark fuscous rings, all tarsi banded with dark fuscous. Forewings short, broad, costa hardly arched, hindmargin slightly oblique, rounded beneath ; dark fuscous, with a slight ochreous reflection ; costa with numerous whitish strigulae, more oblique towards base ; a moderately narrow ochreous-white transverse parallel-sided blotch on middle of inner margin, reaching half across wing, rather curved outwards towards its extremity, containing three slender blackish lines parallel to its anterior edge, the first and third often broken or obsolete ; three blue metallic transverse lines ; first from before middle of costa, very short, oblique ; second from beyond middle of costa to anal angle, angulated outwards in middle, below angulation leaden-metallic ; third from costa at three-fourths to hindmargin beneath apex ; lower half of second metallic line bordered posteriorly with ochreous-whitish, between which and hindmargin is a row of four or five short black linear marks, separated by whitish scales : cilia metallic silvery-grey, becoming bright blue in certain lights. Hindwings bright deep orange, with a rather narrow blackish border along hindmargin, some- what variable in breadth, rather attenuated at anal angle ; cilia ochreous-white, more ochreous towards anal angle, with a blackish line near base. A very handsome species, conspicuously distinct by the bright orange hindwings of both sexes. Rather common, flying briskly in the hot sunshine round the purple blossoms of Hardenbergia monophylla (LeguminoscsJ; occurs at Sydney, Parramatta, and Bulli, New South Wales; near Melbourne ; and at Brisbane, Helidon, and Toowoomba, Queensland ; in September, October, and December. 6oi DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA. 2. Stigm. conficitana, Walk. ( Carpocapm conficitana, Walk., Brit. Mus. Cat. 412). ? . 5". Head and thorax dark fuscous. Forewings in form resembling S. zapyrana ; dark fuscous ; dorsal blotch obsolete ; only distinct markings a transverse silvery -metallic line crossing dorsal half of wing towards hindmargin, followed by a row of four or five black linear dots. Hindwings dull orange, hind- margin and inner margin broadly and suffusedly dark fuscous. Nearly allied to S. zapyrana, but in a considerable series of both sexes of that species I have seen no specimen approaching it ; distinguished by the obsolescence of the dorsal blotch and costal markings, and by the duller colour, broader hindmarginal band, and dark suffusion of inner margin of hindwings. Walker's type is stated to be from Moreton Bay, Queensland ; I have seen no other. 3. Stigm. parvisignana, n. sp. $ . 5V'. Head, antennse, and thorax dark fuscous, face mixed with whitish. Palpi ochreous- whitish. Abdomen blackish, beneath with white rings. Legs whitish, tarsi banded with dark fuscous. Forewings moderately broad, costa somewhat bent before apex, hindmargin rather oblique ; dark fuscous ; costa with numerous whitish anteriorly blackish-margined oblique strigulee ; a narrow white parallel-sided streak from middle of inner margin, reaching half across wing, curved outwards towards extremity, containing a slender blackish central line \ three indistinct bluish-metallic lines from costa, placed as in S. zapyrana, but obscure, lower half of second distinct, silvery- metallic, blackish-margined ; between it and hindmargin is a row of four short black linear marks : cilia dark fuscous, extremities whitish. Hindwings dark fuscous, somewhat paler towards base ; cilia dark fuscous, extremities whitish towards anal angle. BY E. MEYK1CK, B.A. 655 "Resembling S. zapyrana in the markings of the forewings, but rather darker and more obscure, dorsal streak more slender and with a single dark line, and hind wings wholly dark fuscous. One specimen taken in bush near Sydney in August. 4. Stigm. iridescens, n. sp. £ ? ■ 3f "-4". Head and thorax dark fuscous, mottled with ochreous-white. Palpi whitish, beneath mixed with dark fuscous. Autennee dark fuscous. Abdomen dark greyish-fuscous, beneath in male snow-white, in female whitish-grey. Legs whitish, tarsi banded with dark fuscous. Forewings rather elongate, in female slightly broader, costa hardly arched, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; dark greyish-fuscous, very finely transversely strigu- lated with whitish ; costa with short oblique broader whitish striguhe throughout ; about eight ill-defined grey-whitish trans- verse lines from inner margin between base and two-thirds, reaching about half across wing, in female more indistinct ; a faint bluish-metallic line from costa beyond middle to anal angle, angulated outwards in middle, distinct and silvery-metallic on lower half ; between lower half of this line and hindmargin the ground colour is suffused with whitish (less distinctly in female) , with a row of about five short linear black marks : cilia grey, whitish towards base, with a black basal and another black central line. Hindwings in male fuscous-grey, hindmargin narrowly dark fuscous, in female wholly dark fuscous, towards apex blackish ; cilia grey-whitish, with a dark fuscous basal line. Distinguished by the absence of a dorsal blotch, and by the grey-whitish transverse lines and suffusion at anal angle of forewings ; the very fine whitish strigulation causes the ground- colour to appear lighter than in the allied species. Four specimens taken at Parramatta and Murrurundi, New South Wales, in October. 656 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 5. Stigm. florieolana, n. sp. $ $ . 3f"-4". Head, antennae, and thorax dark fuscous, face and palpi whitish-ochreous. Abdomen blackish-fuscous, beneath ochreous- whitish. Legs grey- whitish, tarsi suflusedly banded with dark fuscous. Forewings moderate, costa hardly arched, hindmargin rather oblique ; dark fuscous, with a slight golden tinge ; costa with short oblique black strigulre, between which near apex the costal cilia are shortly ochreous-white ; the wing is crossed by numerous irregular very faint leaden-metallic lines, often obsolete ; cilia silvei'y-grey, towards base silvery- whitish, with a black basal line. Hindwings dark fuscous, darker towards hindmargin ; cilia grey-whitish, with a dark fuscous line near base. Characterised by the entire absence of any pale markings on forewings, except in cilia. This small and inconspicuous species frequents the flowers of Bursaria spinosa, (a shrub belonging to the Pittosporece,) sitting on them in the hot sunshine ; it is not uncommon near Parramatta and occurs also at Bowenfels on the Blue Mountains, 2,500 feet above the sea. 10. Carpocapsa, Tr. Thorax smooth. Antennae in male thickened, not ciliated. Palpi moderate, ascending, appressedto face, second joint shortly rough-scaled beneath, terminal joint distinct. Posterior tibise loosely scaled. Forewings moderately broad, costa in male simple, slightly arched, hindmargin rather oblique, slightly sinuate. Hindwings rounded, broader than forewings, in male with a short membranous ridge on lower median near base, and a grooved channel below it. Forewings with veins 7 and 8 separate, 7 running to hindmargin. Hindwings with veins 3 and 4 stalked, 5 nearly parallel to 4, 6 and 7 separate. Allied to Stigmonota, but separated from it and other allied genera by the ridge and groove of the hindwings in male. From BY E. MEYBICK, B.A. 657 Epitymbia, which has a somewhat similar structure, it differs by the separation of veins 7 aud 8 of forewings, and the absence of a costal fold. The larvae feed in fruits, and the genus is indigenous in Europe and North America ; the only species found in Australia has been introduced together with the apple-tree, 1. Carp, pomonella, L. c? ? • 7£"-9". Head, palpi, and thorax dark greyish-fuscous, slightly sprinkled with whitish. Antennae dark fuscous. Abdomen dark fuscous, segmental margins whitish-tinged. Legs whitish, anterior and middle tibiae and all tarsi dark fuscous with slender whitish rings. Forewings moderately broad, posteriorly ddated, costa hardly arched, hindmargin oblique, indented beneath apex ; ashy-grey, with numerous irregular transverse greyish-fuscous lines, coalescing to form a rather narrow trans- verse band at one-third from base ; a moderately broad elongate- ovate coppery-fuscous patch on anal angle, extending along hindmargin nearly to apex, preceded and followed by a silvery- metallic line, and containing two small silvery marks on anal angle ; the anterior silvery line is preceded by a blackish streak, extending from inner margin half-way across wing ; cilia silvery- grey, towards base silvery-whitish, with a black basal line. Hindwings fuscous-grey, apex rather darker ; cilia grey- whitish, with a dark fuscous line near base. Described from Australian specimens. Common round Melbourne and elsewhere in Victoria, and plentiful in Tasmania, where the larva causes considerable damage in orchards ; I have also specimens from Wellington in New Zealand, where it is probably of general occurrence ; taken from October to December. 11. Epitymbia, n. g. Thorax smooth. Antennae in male thickened, not ciliated. Palpi moderate, porrected, second joint with appressed scales, 658 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTKRA, terminal joint distinct. Posterior tibiae fringed with hairs above. Forewings somewhat oblong, posteriorly dilated, costa in male with a short narrow basal fold, shortly arched at base, slightly sinuate in middle, hindmargin oblique. Hind wings as broad as forewings, hindmargin indented below middle; a large membran- ous scaled ridge on submedian vein towards base, and a thickened place above it on subcostal (? in male only). Forewings with veins 7 and 8 stalked, 7 running to hindmargin. Hindwings with veins 3 and 4 stalked, 5 approximated to 4 at base, 6 and 7 stalked. A peculiar and abnormal genus, not evidently related to an- other ; I have placed it here, because the ridge of the hindwings (though much larger and more conspicuous) is analogous to what is found in Carpocapsa, but it disagrees in the stalking of veins 7 and 8 of forewings, and of veins 6 and 7 of hindwings, and in the presence of a small and inconspicuous costal fold ; the form of the wings is also unusual, and the location of the genus must therefore remain uncertain at present. 1. Epit. alaudana, n. sp. $ . 8". Head, palpi, antennae, thorax, and abdomen dark fuscous. Legs pale greyish-ochreous, anterior and middle tibia? and all tarsi dark fuscous with pale greyish-ochreous rings. Forewings moderate, dilated posteriorly, costa abruptly bent at base, sinuate in middle, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; dark fuscous, irregularly mixed with black ; a small somewhat oblong, rather oblique, ochreous- whitish spot on middle of inner margin ; an ochreous-whitish band along hindmargin, irrorated with fuscous, and on hindmarginal edge becoming fuscous, moderately broad on costa and gradually attenuated to anal angle, its anterior edge sharply defined and emitting a short tooth in middle : cilia dark fuscous mixed with ochreous-whitish, especially towards anal angle. Hindwings whitish-ochreous above the ridge, suffused with fuscous-grey below the ridge and towards BY E. MEYRICK B.A. 659 hindmargin ; cilia ochreous-whitish, with two broad suffused grey lines. Not like any other species known to me. One male taken in bush near Parramatta, New South Wales, in September. 12. Croctdosema, Z. Thorax smooth. Antennae in male somewhat thickened, not ciliated. Palpi moderate, porrected, second joint somewhat arched, roughly haired beneath and at apex above, terminal joint nearly concealed. Posterior tibiae loosely scaled. Fore- wings elongate, rather narrow, ccsta in male with short basal fold, slightly arched, hindmargin sinuate, oblique. Hindwings elongate-trapezoidal, broader than forewings ; in male with a dense erect tuft of hairs on surface at base beneath lower median vein. Forewings with veins 7 and 8 separate, 7 running to hindmargin. secondary cell distinct. Hindwings with veins 3 and 4 stalked, 5 very closely approximated to 4 at base, 6 and 7 separate. Belongs to the group of Pcedisca and Grapholitha, amongst which it is distinguished by the conspicuous tuft of hairs on base of hindwings in male. There is only one species in the genus, which has been introduced from Europe, where however it seems to have been but little noticed ; it was originally described by Zeller from a single Sicilian specimen, and was subsequently met with in Spain, and latterly also in other southern localities. 1. Croc, plebeiana, Z. $ ? . 5£"-7£". Head and palpi ochreous-whitish, sometimes tinged with greyish-ochreous above. Antennae whitish, in- distinctly suffused with grey. Thorax ochreous-whitish, mixed or suffused with fuscous-grey. Abdomen grey, anal tuft of male whitish. Legs ochreous-whitish, anterior and middle tibia) and all tarsi ringed with dark fuscous. Forewings rather narrow 660 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, not dilated, costa slightly arched, hindmargin sinuate, oblique ; whitish, more or less ochreous-tinged, especially in female, with coarse irregular scattered blackish-grey strigula) ; costa with fine oblique blackish-grey strigula), and four small dark ochreous- grey spots towards apex ; basal patch dark ochreous-grey strigulated with whitish, in female obsolete above middle, its outer edge extending from costa at one-fourth to inner margin beyond one-third, very obtusely angulated about middle ; central fascia dark ochreous-grey, ill-defined, oblique, running from middle of costa to inner margin before anal angle, slender towards costa, rather broader beneath, containing a short longitudinal black mark near inner margin, above which is often a small silvery spot ; beyond central fascia the wing is more or less suffused with ochreous-grey, except on a partially whitisb, strongly silvery-margined, oval patch on anal angle, extending about half across wing, and containing near its posterior edge three black dots; above this patch is sometimes a blackish mark towards apex: cilia silvery-white, mixed with ochreous-grey points, and becom- ing dark grey towards apex. Hindwings rather thinly scaled, fuscous-grey ; cilia silvery-white, with a dark grey line near base and a faint grey central line. A dull-looking species, but not closely resembling any other. Common near cultivated ground, and also comes freely to light ; occurs round Sydney, Parramatta, and Morpeth, New South Wales, and at Melbourne, from December to March, and in July ; I have also received it from the district of Duaringa, in Queens- land. Prof. Zeller informs me that the larva feeds on AWiea and Lavatera (Malvacecr), with either of which it may have been introduced. 13. PaljEobia, n. g. Thorax smooth. Antennae in male ciliated. Palpi moderate, porrected, second joint with a long dense tuft of hairs beneath towards apex, terminal joint concealed. Posterior tibiae fringed BY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 661 with hairs above. Forewings elongate, rather narrow, costa in male simple, moderately arched, hindmargin rather strongly sinuate below apex. Hindwings elongate, broader than fore- wings. Forewings with veins 7 and 8 stalked, 7 running to hindmargin, secondary cell indicated or distinct. Hindwings with veins 3 and 4 stalked, 5 closely approximated to 4 at base, 6 and 7 stalked. Larva sixteen-legged, mining in blotches in leaves, or feeding in spun-up shoots. This genus may be regarded as the type of a small group, to which Rhopobota and Holocola also belong, related in general characters to the group of Grapholitha (particularly to the genus PhoxopteryxJ, but distinguished by the stalking of veins 7 and 8 of forewings. The same character suffices to separate it from the group of Strepsiceros, between which and the group of Grapholitha it is apparently intermediate. Palceobia differs from Holocola by the absence of a costal fold in male, and from Rhopobota by the dense tuft of palpi. Superficially it much resembles Phoxopteryx in form, colour, and marking, but the apex of forewings is never actually falcate. The mining habit of the larva of at least one species is very curious, and unparalleled among the Tortricina. The genus is probably rather numerously represented in Australia ; I am acquainted with nine species, which may be tabulated as follows : A. Forewings whitish, with dark grey and ferruginous markings ; apex strongly produced. 1. Anterior half of costa whitish. a. Central fascia distinct .. .. ..3. volutana. b. Central fascia merged with costal spot. . 1. anguillana. 2. Anterior half of costa dark ferruginous. a. Costa beyond middle whitish . . . .4. erythrana. b. Costa beynd middle dark ferruginous. .2. infectana. 662 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, B. Forewings whitish-ochreous or ochreous- brown ; apex shortly produced. 1 . Head and thorax ochreous-brown. a. Hindwings dark fuscous .. ..8. crepusculana. b. Hindwings golden brownish-ochreous. i. Cilia of forewings brownish-ochreous 5. hibbertiana. ii. Cilia of forewings grey, with two white subapical spots .. ..6. himerodana. 2. Head and thorax pale ochreous mixed with fuscous .. .. .. ..7. fidana. 3. Head and thorax whitish-ochreous, face white . . . . . . . . . .9. segetana. 1. Pal. anguillana, n. sp. $ . 5|". Head ochreous-fuscous above, whitish on sides, strongly tufted between antennae. Palpi ochreous-white, tuft dark fuscous towards extremity. Antennae dark fuscous. Thorax ochreous-grey, paler on shoulders. Abdomen grey. Legs whitish, anterior tibiae and all tarsi banded with dark fuscous. Forewings moderately narrow, costa moderately arched, apex strongly produced, hindmargin rounded beneath ; whitish, with a few grey scales, and with a faint greyish suffusion towards anal angle ; anterior half of costa strigulated with blackish ; a dark grey irregularly semi-oval patch on anterior half of inner margin, extending from base to a little beyond middle, and at its broadest part reaching a little more than half across wing ; a rather larger dark ferruginous irregularly oblong patch on posterior half of costa, extending on costa from a little before middle to apex, and reaching nearly two-thirds across wing, its lower edge parallel to inner margin and rather ill-defined, its anterior edge outwardly oblique and somewhat parallel to posterior edge of the grey patch : cilia silvery-whitish, with a dark grey line near base. Nearly allied to P. infectana, but distinguished readily from it by the whitish colour extending along anterior half of costa, the BY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 663 clearer colouring, and the rather larger size. In form of mark- ings it recalls Phox. (?) obtusana, Hw. Larva light green (undescribed) ; feeds in spun-up shoots of Correct speciosa (Rutacece) in September ; the imago emerged in October. One specimen bred as above from a larva found near Parra- matta, New South Wales ; a second taken near the same place in August. 2. Pal. infectana, n. sp. $ . 4^-"-4f ". Head and thorax brownish-ochreous. ( Palpi ochreous- white, second joint with a dark fuscous spot, tuft dark fuscous towards extremity. Antennae dark fuscous. Abdomen dark grey, extremity whitish. Legs whitish, anterior and middle tibiae and all tarsi banded with dark fuscous. Forewings narrow, costa moderately arched, apex strongly produced, hind margin rounded beneath; dull dark ferruginous, becoming greyer towards inner margin, and mixed with dark fuscous ; costa obliquely strigulated throughout with ashy- whitish ; an- ill-defined whitish longitudinal streak starting from base beneath costa, bent downwards at one-third and ending in an oval silvery- whitish patch on anal angle ; between this streak and inner margin the basal third is suffused with dark fuscous-grey ; cilia grey. Hindwings light fuscous grey ; cilia grey with a pale line at base. Distinguished by the whitish colour being confined to a sinuate longitudinal streak from base to anal angle, so that the whole costa is dark ferruginous ; and also by the dull rather confused colouring, and small size. Two specimens taken in low scrub near Sydney in August and April, and two others at Mittagong (2000 feet) in March. 3. Pal. volutana, n. sp. $ . 7". Head ochreous-whitish, greyish-tinged on crown. Palpi ochreous- white, extremity of tuft greyish-tinged. Antennae 664 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, dark fuscous. Thorax dark grey, on shoulders ochreous- whitish. Abdomen grey. Legs whitish, anterior tibiae and all tarsi ringed with dark fuscous. Forewings moderately narrow, somewhat broader posteriorly, costa moderately arched, apex strongly but obtusely produced, hindmargin rounded beneath ; white, with a few irregular dark grey strigulse ; costa strigulated throughout with dark grey ; a dark grey broadly semi-oval patch on anterior half of inner margin, extending almost from base to middle, at its broadest part reaching more than half across wing, posteriorly merged into an ill-defined grey suffusion extending along inner margin to anal angle ; central fascia dark ferruginous, narrow, oblique, starting from middle of costa, beneath middle merged in the grey suffusion ; an ill-defined dark ferruginous elongate- triangular patch towards apex, its base resting on apex and upper half of hindmargin, its apex meeting central fascia above middle ; a narrow ill-defined greyish suffusion along lower half of hindmargin ; cilia silvery grey. Hind wings fuscous-grey ; cilia grey-whitish, with an indistinct darker line near base. Differs from both the preceding species by the costa being white beyond middle, so that there is a distinct well-defined central fascia ; the grey dorsal patch is rather more restricted and more clearly defined, and the insect is considerably larger. From P. erythrana, which is also smaller, it is at once separated by the well-defined grey dorsal patch towards base, and the absence of the dark ferruginous streak along anterior half of costa. One specimen taken by Mr. Gr. H. Eaynor at Warragul, in Gippsland, Victoria, in December. 4. Pal. erythrana, n. sp. ^ . 5£". Head ochreous-fuscous, face whitish. Palpi white, second joint with two dark fuscous spots, tuft dark fuscous towards extremity. Antenna? grey. Thorax brownish-ochreous, paler posteriorly. Abdomen dark grey, with an ochreous band BY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 665 near base, anal tuft silvery-whitish. Legs ochreous-whitish, anterior and middle tibiae and all tarsi banded with dark fuscous. Forewings narrow, costa moderately arched, apex strongly but obtusely produced ; white, on dorsal half slightly reddish-tinged, and suffused with grey along inner margin; costa shortly strigulated with dark fuscous-grey ; a cloudy dark fuscous-grey spot in disc at one-third from base ; a dark reddish-ferruginous moderately broad streak from base along costa to middle, thence bent downwards and ending in a dark grey spot on disc at two- thirds from base ; three irregular oblique dark ferruginous lines from costa between middle and apex to hindmargin ; an ill-defined cloudy grey patch on hindmargin, darkest towards apex, extending obscurely to anal angle, and tending to unite on disc with the spot at two-thirds ; apex dark ferruginous ; cilia grey, mixed with ferruginous, becoming dark ferruginous at apex, where the extremities are dark fuscous ; costal cilia white. Hind wings ochreous-fuscous, more greyish towards hindmargin ; cilia grey. Distinguished from all other species by the dark ferruginous streak along anterior half of costa, bent downwards in middle so as to leave posterior half of costa white. One specimen taken in dry bush near Sydney, in October. 5. Pal. hibbertiana, n. sp. $ ? . 4"-5£". Head and thorax dark ochreous-fuscous. Palpi whitish-ochreous, second joint with a dark fuscous spot, tuft blackish-fuscous towards extremity. Antennae dark fuscous. Abdomen dark ochreous-fuscous. Legs whitish, anterior and middle tibiae and all tarsi banded with dark fuscous. Pore wings moderately narrow, somewhat dilated posteriorly, costa moder- ately arched, apex obtusely produced; rather dark fuscous, beyond middle suffused with blackish ; costa obscurely strigulated with blackish, with four pairs of pale strigulae between middle and apex, the first two pair leaden metallic and produced as 1Q 666 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, obscure lines to anal angle, third and fourth pair whitish, third connected with hindmargin below apex by a short leaden-metallic line ; a whitish or ochreous- white streak beneath costa from base nearly to middle, sharply defined beneath but suffused into ground-colour towards costa ; in male a moderately large roundish ochreous-whitish patch on anal angle, mixed with fuscous, in female not indicated ; apex ferruginous-tinged : cilia brownish- ochreous, mixed with whitish, especially towards anal angle, with a dark fuscous spot at apex. Hindwings golden brownish- ochreous, towards hindmargin dark fuscous, in female more f uscous-tinged throughout ; cilia brownish-ochreous, mixed with whitish towards extremities, with an obscure dark grey line near base. Nearly allied to P. lumerodana, but smaller and darker, especially in male ; the first two pairs of costal pale strigulse not white but leaden-metallic, the whitish streak from base rather shorter and more suffused, the cilia brownish-ochreous, and a large pale patch on anal angle in male. Larva slender, cylindrical, pale yellowish ; head broad, pale brown : mining first a straight gallery, then a large crumpled blotch in leaves of Hibbertia rolubilis (Dilleniacece), the lower surface of the mine contracting and the upper becoming shrivelled and brown ; feeding in November and December. Pupa pale brown, lying free within the mine. The imagos from these larvae emerged late in December. Common at Sydney, flying in the sunshine near its foodplant, and occurs also in the forest on the Bulli Pass, New South Wales, from September to December, and in March ; I also bred it plentifully from the larvte as above. 6. Pal. himerodana, n. sp. $ $ . &\"-€>y . Head and thorax ochreous-brown, in female rather darker. Palpi white, second joint with a dark grey spot, BY E. MEYRICK B.A. 667 tuft dark grey towards apex. Antennae dark fuscous. Abdomen dark fuscous, somewhat ochreous-tinged. Legs ochreous- whitish, anterior and middle tibise and all tarsi banded with dark fuscous. Forewings moderately narrow, hardly dilated, costa moderately arched, apex obtusely produced ; light ochreous-brown in male, darker in female and suffused with dark fuscous, especially on posterior half ; costa indistinctly strigulated with dark fuscous before middle, between middle and apex with four pairs of white oblique strigulse, separated with dark fuscous ; from each of the first three pairs proceeds an irregular obscure leaden-metallic line, the first two running to near anal angle, the third to hind- margin beneath apex ; a slender white central longitudinal streak from base to middle, somewhat bent downwards at extremity, margined beneath posteriorly by an obscure blackish streak ; a black line along lower half of hindmargin : cilia metallic-grey on hindmargin, grey mixed with whitish towards anal angle, dark fuscous towards apex, with two white subapieal spots, the lower one smaller. Hindwings golden brownish-ochreous, more dark fuscous towards apex ; cilia grey, tinged with ochreous. Very like the preceding, but larger and more lightly coloured, with four pairs of white costal strigulae, the longitudinal streak from base clear white and black-margined beneath posteriorly, the cilia metallic-grey, with two small clear white subapieal spots. Taken rather commonly on the dry grassy hills near Murru- rundi, New South "Wales, in November, flying readily in the afternoon sunshine. 7. Pal. fidan a, n. sp. <$ ? . 4£"-6|". Head and thorax pale ochreous, mixed above with fuscous. Palpi white, tuft dark fuscous-grey towards extremity. Antennae dark fuscous. Abdomen grey. Legs whitish, anterior and middle tibise and all tarsi banded with dark fuscous. Forewings moderately narrow, slightly dilated, costa moderately arched, apex obtusely produced ; pale dull 668 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, whitish-ochreous or brownish-ochreous, rather narrowly suffused with, fuscous-grey along inner and hind margins ; costa shortly strigulated with blackish, and with several pale strigulae towards apex, of which the last two or three are faintly produced to hindmargin below apex; some scattered black dots in disc towards base, and sometimes one larger spot at about one-third from base ; a grey- whitish roundish patch on anal angle, margined with faint metallic-grey, and surrounded by a blackish-fuscous suffusion extending to apex ; a slender blackish line along hind- margin : cilia silvery- white in middle, greyish towards anal angle, dark fuscous round apex, with a small white subapical dash. Hindwings in male grey, sometimes ochreous-tinged ; in female fuscous-grey, more strongly ochreous-tinged ; cilia grey. Easily recognised by the pale ochreous groundcolour, grey suffusion on inner and hind margins, and the whitish anal patch. Rather common amongst low heath-like scrub in some localities round Sydney, probably attached to some species of Sibbertia ; it occurs in November and December, and again in March. 8. Pal. crepusculana, n. sp. ^ . 5 \". Head and thorax dark ochreous-brown, abdomen dark grey ; rest as in P. fidana. Forewings in form as in P. fidana ; wholly suffused with dark fuscous-grey, mixed with a few pale ochreous scales. Hindwings dark grey. This species appears to be certainly distinct from P. fidana, to which it is nevertheless very closely allied, differing only in the very marked dark general suffusion. In the absence of a series of better specimens, I have merely indicated the species by what appears to be a sufficient diagnosis, as it might prove to be a local form only. Two specimens, in rather poor condition, taken by Mr. Gr. H. Raynor at Warragul in Gippsland, Victoria, in December. BY E. MEYEICK, B.A. 669 9. Pal. segetana, n. sp. $ . 5|". Head whitish-ochreous, face white. Palpi ochreous- white, with a grey spot on second joint, tuft grey towards extremity. Antennae ochreous-whitish. Thorax pale ochreous. Abdomen light grey. Legs ochreous-white, anterior tarsi grey at base of joints. Forewings narrow, costa moderately arched, apex obtusely produced ; whitish-ochreous, with numerous coarse irregular brownish-ochreous transverse strigulse and lines ; costa with numerous very short ill-defined dark fuscous strigulse ; a slender black line along hindmargin : cilia whitish-ochreous, with a broad suffused brownish-ochreous line near base. Hind- wings grey, cilia grey-whitish. A very distinct species, well characterised by the whitish- ochreous transversely strigulated forewings, without darker markings. Mr. G. H. Eaynor took one specimen at Warragul in Grippsland, Victoria, in December. 14. Holocola, n. g. Thorax smooth. Antennae in male somewhat thickened, ciliated. Palpi moderate, porrected, second joint with a dense tuft of hairs beneath towards apex, terminal joint almost con- cealed. Posterior tibiae fringed with hairs above. Forewings elongate, narrow, costa in male with a strong basal fold, slightly arched, hindmargin sinuate below apex, obliquely rounded. Hindwings elongate, broader than forewings. Forewings with veins 7 and 8 stalked, 7 running to hindmargin, secondary cell indicated or distinct. Hindwings with veins 3 and 4 long-stalked or coincident, 5 closely approximated to 4 at base, 6 and 7 separate. Larva sixteen-legged, feeding in spun-up shoots. This genus is only separated structurally from Palceobia by the strong costal fold of male, agreeing with it in neuration and all 670 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, other respects ; but superficially the species bear a much closer resemblance to Strepsiceros, with which they agree in the costal fold of male and neuration of hindwings, differing in the stalking of veins 7 and 8 of forewings, and the absence of the notch on the antennae of male. The species are small grey insects, marked as in Strepsiceros. There are five species, distinguished as follows : A. Forewings mostly suffused with dark fuscous- grey .. .. .. .. .. . .1. triangulana. B. Forewings not dark grey. 1. An oblique dark streak from inner margin before middle. a. This streak produced in disc to three- fourths from base .. .. . .2. perspectana. b. This streak interrupted at middle . . 3. thalassinana. 2. Oblique streak represented only by a discal spot. a. Costal half of forewings grey .. ..4. quietana. b. Costal half of forewings whitish. . . .5. biscissana. 1. Hoi. triangulana, n. sp. £ $ . 6£"-7J". Head and thorax light ashy-grey, mixed with blackish. Palpi light ashy-grey, internally whitish, second joint with three oblique blackish bands. Antennae dark fuscous. Abdomen grey. Legs grey-whitish, anterior and middle tibia? and all tarsi banded with blackish, posterior tibia? grey. Forewings narrow, costa slightly arched, hindmargin rounded, rather oblique ; light ashy-grey, more or less wholly suffused with dark fuscous-grey, especially along disc, and with indistinct transverse dark fuscous strigulee ; costa strongly strigulated with blackish ; a moderately broad, outwardly very oblique, straight blackish streak, from inner margin before middle, reaching half acroBs wing in middle of disc, anteriorly suffused, posteriorly sharply defined, truncate above, sometimes connected with costa BY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 671 at one-fourth by an oblique blackish line ; beyond this streak are some whitish scales ; a small outwardly oblique blackish acute triangular spot on anal angle, reaching nearly half across wing, followed by some whitish scales, and with a whitish suffusion between its apex and costa ; a blackish irregular very oblique line from costa at three-fourths to hindmargin above middle, on its lower half bordered anteriorly with dull leaden, preceded by three ill-defined blackish spots; cilia grey, paler along base, mixed with blackish. Hindwings grey, darker posteriorly, thinly scaled towards base ; cilia whitish-grey or grey. The largest and darkest species of the genus, readily known by the strong dark fuscous-grey suffusion of the forewings ; in form of markings most resembling H. thilassinana ; the forewings are very markedly elongate. Taken rather commonly by Mr. G. TL. Raynor near Melbourne. 2. Hoi. perspectana, Walk. ( Grapholita perspectana, Walk., Brit. Mus. Cat. 393.) <$ $ . 5^"-6|". Head and thorax ashy- whitish, with a few black scales. Palpi light ashy-grey, beneath and internally white, second joint with a blackish band near apex. Antennae grey. Abdomen in male dark grey, in female ochreous-grey. Legs whitish, anterior and middle tibiae and all tarsi ringed with dark fuscous. Forewings narrow, costa hardly arched, hindmargin oblique, hardly rounded ; whitish, with numerous irregular very oblique grey strigulae ; costa with several broader very oblique blackish strigulae ; a more or less distinct subquadrate blackish oblique blotch on inner margin near base, its apex tending to be suffusedly produced posteriorly ; a narrow very oblique blackish streak from inner margin before middle, anteriorly suffused, posteriorly sharply defined, its apex somewhat curved outwards, extending to disc above middle at three-fourths from base ; a small oblique, blackish-grey triangular spot on anal angle, not 672 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, reaching half across wing ; a short oblique cloudy blackish-grey streak from apes, anteriorly suffused and almost meeting the oblique streak from inner margin ; cilia with basal half white irregularly barred with blackish-grey, outer half light grey. Hindwings light grey, thinly scaled towards base ; cilia grey- whitish, with a suffused grey line near base. Very similar to H. thalassinana, but always larger and less variable ; distinguished by the extreme obliqueness of the markings, and the length of the blackish streak from inner margin before middle, which extends along the disc uninter- ruptedly to three-fourths from base. Very common amongst Leptospermum scrub from September to February, and I have taken it in May ; it occurs round Sydney and Wollongong, in New South Wales; at Melbourne and Brisbane ; and at Brighton in Tasmania. 3. Hoi. thalassinana, n. sp. cf ? • 4"-5£". Head and thorax whitish, thorax mixed with grey on back. Palpi whitish, second joint with a blackish spot in middle and a blackish band towards apex. Antennae grey. Abdomen in male dark grey, with whitish anal tuft, in female ochreous-grey. Legs white, anterior and middle tibiae and tarsi with slender dark fuscous rings. Forewings narrow, costa hardly arched, hindmargin oblique, hardly rounded ; dull white, with fine very oblique grey strigulse, in male almost entirely suffused with light grey; costa with several broader oblique blackish strigulse ; a small oblique subquadrate dark fuscous-grey blotch on inner margin near base, anteriorly suffused; a straight oblique moderately broad dark fuscous-grey streak from inner margin before middle, anteriorly suffused, posteriorly generally sharply defined, reaching half across wing, truncate above, sometimes obsolete towards inner margin ; generally two dark fuscous-grey linear dots, longitudinally placed, beyond this above middle, not connected ; a rather broad oblique triangular dark BY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 673 fuscous-grey spot on anal angle, reaching half across wing, sometimes obscured by a greyish suffusion towards hindmargin ; sometimes a dark fuscous-grey spot towards apex ; cilia with basal half white barred with black, outer half light grey. Hindwings grey or light grey, thinly scaled towards base ; cilia whitish, with a faint grey line near base. Closely allied to H. perspectana, but smaller and greyer, with markings variable in intensity, but less well defined than in H. perspectana as a rule ; the streak from inner margin before middle less oblique and extending only to middle of disc, its apex followed by two linear marks with which it is not connected. Larva rather stout, pale green, head pale brown ; feeding in spun-up shoots of Leptospermum Icevigatum (Wyrtacece), growing on coast sand-hills. Abundant amongst its foodplant on sand-hills near the sea, at Sydney and Newcastle, New South Wales, from December to February ; the larvse were found in January, and imagos were bred from them the same month. 4. Hoi. quietana, n. sp. $ . 5^". Head and palpi wholly white. Antenna grey. Thorax white, irregularly suffused with black. Abdomen grey. Legs white, anterior and middle tibia3 and tarsi narrowly ringed with dark fuscous. Forewings narrow, costa slightly arched, apex slightly produced, hindmargin oblique, hardly rounded; whitish, very finely sprinkled with grey, upper half suffused with grey except along costa towards base ; costa finely and obliquely strigulated with dark grey ; a small somewhat oval dark fuscous-grey spot in disc below middle, midway between base and apex, connected above with the grey suffusion ; a slight greyish suffusion towards anal angle, containing a blackish dot below middle above anal angle, and two or three scattered black scales above it : cilia white, irrorated with grey towards 674 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, extremities, with a strong black apical dash. Hindwings light grey, darker along hindmargin, more whitish-grey and thinly scaled towards base ; cilia whitish, with a faint grey line. The male of this species is unknown to me, but in neuration and superficial characters it agrees with this genus, in which it is easily recognisable by the grey costal and white dorsal halves of the fore wings. It has a superficial resemblance to Streps, seditiosana, from which it may be known by the wholly white head and palpi, the tuft of the palpi, and the absence of a dark longitudinal streak on fore wings from base. I took one specimen amongst scrub near Brisbane, in September. 5. Hoi. biscissana, n. sp. $ ? . 3£"-4". Head and thorax whitish mixed with grey. Palpi whitish, tuft of second joint grey towards extremity. Antennae grey. Abdomen dark grey. Legs whitish, anterior and middle tibiae and tarsi ringed with dark fuscous. Forewings narrow, costa slightly arched, apex somewhat produced, hind- margin sinuate ; whitish, coarsely irrorated with grey scales, tending to form iregular hardly oblique strigulse ; costa obliquely strigulated with blackish ; a small irregular dark fuscous grey spot in disc below middle at one-third from base, and a similar one below middle at two-thirds from base ; from posterior half of costa run two or three very oblique dark grey lines to hindmargin above middle, the first of which tends to enclose with the second discal spot a round whitish patch on anal angle ; a blackish apical dot ; cilia whitish, becoming grey posteriorly, crossed by a blackish spot at apex. Hindwings grey ; cilia grey, at base whitish. A distinct species, characterised by its small size, the coarse and not oblique strigulation of forewings, and the two well- marked dark discal spots at one-third and two-thirds from base. Five specimens, taken amongst low scrub near Sydney and on the Bulli Pass, New South Wales, in October and January. BY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 675 15. Bathrotoma, n. g. Thorax smooth. Antennae in male ciliated, with an excavated notch immediately above basal joint. Palpi moderate, porrected, second joint rough-haired beneath and towards apex above, terminal joint distinct. Posterior tibiae fringed with hairs above. Forewings elongate, narrow, costa in male with a strong basal fold, almost straight, hindmargin sinuate. Hindwings trapezoidal, broader than forewings, posterior angle prominent, apex pro- duced. Forewings with veins 7 and 8 separate, 7 running to hindmargin, secondary cell distinct. Hindwings with veins 3 and 4 coincident, 5 approximated to 4 at base, 6 and 7 stalked. Belongs to the group of Strepsiceros ; distinguished from Strepsiceros by the stalking of veins 6 and 7 of hindwings, and the position of the notch immediately above basal joint of antennae, from Tmetocera by the costal fold of male, from Hendecasticha by the 12 veins of forewings ; the peculiarly shaped prominent-angled hindwings are a special feature. Of the three species described below, only the first two belong truly to this genus ; the third, B. scopulosana, is only kno\ n to me in the female, and is placed provisionally in this genus, to which it has an evident affinity, until the male is known ; but it is discordant in the separation of veins 6 and 7 of hindwings, and cannot remain here. The three species described may be thus separated : a. Forewings with a subquadrate dark blotch on inner margin at one-third. 1 . Dorsal spot beyond middle erect, triangular 1 . constrictana. 2. Dorsal spot beyond middle flattened, semi- oval . . . . . . . . . . . .3. scopulosana. b. Forewings without dark dorsal blotch ..2. ruficomana. 1. Bathr. constrictana, n. sp. <$ $ . 5"-6J". Headochreous-brown on crown and face, behind whitish finely irrorated with grey. Palpi deep ochreous-brown. 676 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, Antennae dark fuscous. Thorax white, irrorated with grey, anterior margin and one or two spots on back blackish. Abdomen ochreous-grey, anal tuft of male ochreous. Legs whitish, anterior and middle tibiae and tarsi banded with dark fuscous. Forewings very narrow, costa almost straight, hindmargin sinuate below apex, slightly oblique ; white, very finely irrorated with grey scales, tending to form very fine strigulae, especially along costa, where they cause a narrow greyish suffusion ; costa rather obliquely and coarsely strigulated with blackish, and inner margin also generally with a few short blackish strigulae ; a small grey blackish-margined somewhat triangular spot on inner margin close to base, reaching two-thirds across wing ; a rather large sub- quadrate erect dark grey blotch, mixed with blackish, on inner margin at one-third, reaching half across wing, rather ill-defined anteriorly ; a small triangular dark grey spot on inner margin about three-fourths, reaching one-third across wing ; a small blackish apical spot, slenderly produced along hindmargin nearly to anal angle : cilia dark fuscous with a blackish basal line, beneath anal angle whitish and becoming grey posteriorly. Hind- wings thinly scaled, grey, somewhat darker at apex ; cilia grey- whitish, with an indistinct grey line near base. Distinctly characterised by the white forewings, dark grey dorsal spots, and ochreous-brown head. Rather common at rest on certain fences near Sydney, and at Parramatta, and also beaten from a species of Melaleuca ; it occurs from September to November, and in January. 2. Bathr. ruficomana, n. sp. d ? . 4£"-5f". Head reddish-ochreous on crown and face, behind light ashy-grey. Palpi deep reddish-ochreous. Antennae grey. Thorax grey, more or less suffused with dark fuscous. Abdomen ochreous-grey, in male suffused with yellowish-ochre- ous. Legs grey-whitish, anterior and middle tibiae and all tarsi suffusedly banded with dark fuscous. Forewings very narrow, BY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 677 costa straight, hindmargin slightly sinuate, hardly oblique ; light grey, with very fine whitish transverse strigulse ; a darker grey suffusion towards costa, attenuated posteriorly and ceasing "before apex, in male more blackish-grey and more distinct ; costa obscurely strigulated with dark grey ; the veins obscurely indicated by irregular longitudinal dark grey lines ; a hardly paler patch on anal angle, preceded and followed by an obscure leaden -metallic line, and containing a row of four or five ill- defined blackish dots ; a small blackish apical spot, slenderly produced along hindmargin nearly to anal angle : cilia reddish- ochreous, with a black basal line, beneath anal angle whitish mixed with grey. Hindwings thinly scaled, grey, darker posteriorly ; cilia grey, with a whitish basal line. In form of wing closely resembling the preceding, but the forewings are grey, without any trace of dark dorsal spots, the cilia and head reddish-ochreous. Four specimens, (one male, three females) taken at rest on a fence in Sydney, in December and January. 3. Bathr. (?) scopulosana, n. sp. $ . 61". Head ochreous-whitish, between antennae dark grey. Palpi whitish-ochreous, mixed with grey beneath. Antennas grey-whitish, suffusedly annulated with dark fuscous. Thorax whitish-ochreous, with a few black scales, and with a grey spot mixed with blackish behind. Abdomen dark fuscous. Legs ochreous-whitish, anterior and middle tibiae and all tarsi suffusedly banded with dark fuscous. Forewings moderately narrow, costa slightly arched, hindmargin sinuate below apex, slightly oblique ; whitish-ochreous, somewhat suffused with brownish-ochreous posteriorly, and with a few scattered black scales ; costa finely and obliquely strigulated with blackish ; a subquadrate blotch on inner margin about one-third, black on inner margin, becoming ochreous-brown and shading gradually into groundcolour above, reachinghalf across wing, blackmargined 678 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, on each side, outer edge indented below middle, and connected with costa at one-fourth by an irregular inwardly oblique blackish line ; between this blotch and base the inner margin is narrowly blackish ; an elongate very narrowly semi-ovate blackish-fuscous spot along inner margin from beyond middle to beyond three- fourths, posteriorly whitish-margined ; a roundish patch on anal angle is indistinctly indicated by a slender interrupted blackish boundary line, and contains a row of four or five ill-defined linear blackish dots ; a small ferruginous apical spot ; a row of linear black dots along hindmargin : cilia ocbreous-fuscous, with a blackish spot above apex, and three broadly suffused blackish bars below apex, with a whitish line along base, towards anal angle wholly grey mixed with whitish. Hindwings dark grey, very thinly scaled and almost transparent towards base ; cilia whitish, with an indistinct grey line near base. Markings placed much as in B. constrictana, but groundcolour tinged with ochreous, no dorsal spot close to base, spot at one- third brown above, spot at three-fourths flattened, elongate, semi-ovate, and head not brown. Two specimens taken at rest on fences near Sydney and Parramatta, in October. 16. Strepsiceros, n. g. Thorax smooth. Antennas in male ciliated, with an excavated notch at about one-fifth from base. Palpi moderate, porrected, second joint roughly haired, often with a more or less dense tuft beneath towards apex, terminal joint more or less concealed. Posterior tibise fringed with hairs above. Forewings elongate, narrow, costa in male with a strong basal fold, gently arched, apex generally somewhat produced, hindmargin more or less sinuate. Hindwings elongate-trapezoidal, broader than forewings apex somewhat produced. Forewings with veins 7 and 8 separate, 7 running to hindmargin, secondary cell distinct. Hind- BY E. MEYBICK, B.A. 679 wings with veins 3 and 4 long-stalked or coincident, 5 closely approximated at base to 4, 6 and 7 separate. Larva sixteen-legged, feeding in spun-up shoots or between joined leaves of the Ifi/rtacece. This genus is the type of a group which is rather extensively represented in the Australian region, compared with the other groups of the family. The other known genera belonging to this group are Tmetocera, Bathrotoma, and BTendecasticha, the whole being characterised by the possession of a sharply excavated semicircular notch on the stalk of the antennae of male ; the antennae of the female are simple. Tmetocera is the only genus found in Europe, and is distinguished from all the others by the absence of a costal fold in male. Strepsiceros differs from Bathrotoma in the separation of veins 6 and 7 of hindwings, and the position of the notch on the antennae, which is remote from the basal joint ; from Hendecasticha in the twelve-veined fore wings. The genus is subject to variation in the structure of veins 3 and 4 of hindwings, which are sometimes on a long stalk, sometimes wholly coincident, so that there appear to be only seven veins ; and in the palpi, vvhich have often, but not always, a tuft beneath on the second joint ; but these forms are connected by intermediate gradations, and are not available for generic characters. The species are generally small grey inconspicuous insects, with very similar markings. There are eleven Australian species known to me, of which two occur in New Zealand also, and appear to be indigenous there, equally as in Australia. The following is a tabulation of them : A. A broad white streak along part or whole of costa, 1 . Costal streak extending from base to apex. a. Costal streak interrupted before middle 9. plinthinana. b. Costal streak entire .. .. ..10. obeliscana. 680 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPEDOPTERA, 2. Costal streak extending from base to one- third . . . . . . . . . . 4. seditiosana. 3. Costal streak extending from before middle to apex 11. sicariana. B. Costa not broadly white. 1. A white subcostal streak. a. Subcostal streak extending from base to apex 8. zopherana. i. Subcostal streak extending from middle to apex 7. sollicitana. 2. A white central longitudinal suffused streak only 6. fluidana, ^ . 3. No white longitudinal markings. a. Forewings reddish-ochreous . . . . 6. fluidana, ? . b. Forewings grey or dark fuscous. i. A slender white transverse streak posteriorly 5. pericyphana. ii. No white markings. *. Forewings light, with well-defined entire dark central fascia .. 1. limnephilana. **. Forewings dark or mottled, with- out entire fascia. f. Forewings somewhat dilated, with broad dark suffused central streak 2. ejectana. ff. Forewings elongate, without central streak 3. macropetana. 1. Streps, limnephilana, n. sp. ? . 6"-6£" . Head, palpi, and thorax light ashy-grey, slightly mixed with fuscous. Antennae grey. Abdomen grey, extremity whitish. Legs grey- whitish, anterior and middle tibite and all tarsi banded with dark fuscous. Forewings moderate, posteriorly dilated, costa moderately arched, hindmargin nearly straight, BY E. MEYRICK B.A. 681 oblique ; whitish, finely and densely irrorated with ashy-grey ; costa with a few short blackish strigula? ; some blackish scales towards inner margin near base ; outer edge of basal patch indicated by an obscure blackish transverse line at one-third, in one specimen forming a short erect ochreous-fuscous black- margined streak from inner margin, reaching one-third across wing ; central fascia narrow , oblique, ochreous-fuscous irregularly margined with black, suffused with black in middle and on inner margin, running from middle of costa to inner margin before anal angle ; a blackish streak from apex along upper half of hindmargin : cilia ashy-whitish, with two faint grey lines, and obscurely barred with blackish. Hindwings fuscous-grey ; cilia whitish, with two suffused grey lines. The male being as yet unknown, it is not certain whether the species is correctly referred to this genus, but the general similarity to S. ejectana, and the identity of all non-sexual characters, are sufficient to warrant its position. The male may perhaps have a tuft of raised scales on the forewings, as in S. ejectana, and may also differ somewhat in marking. The female may be easily known from S. ejectana by the clearer and lighter groundcolour, and the well-defined entire central fascia, which in S. ejectana is partial and suffused, as well as by the absence of the dark fuscous longitudinal streak. Five specimens, all females, taken on open swampy ground at Waratah on the Hunter Eiver, New South Wales, in January. 2. Streps, ejectana, Walk. f Sciaphila ejectana, Walk., Brit. Mus. Cat., 350; (?) Sciaphila ahconditana, ibid. 351 ; Sciaphila servilisana, ibid. 356; Sciaphila saxana, ibid. 357 ; Conchylis ligyxiferana, ibid. 363). £ $ . 5J"-7". Head, palpi, and thorax grey irrorated with ashy-whitish, and with a few black scales, shoulders ochreous- tinged ; palpi not tufted. Antennce dark fuscous, in male thickened and notched at one-fifth from basal joint. Abdomen IE €82 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPLDOPTERA, grey. Legs whitish-grey, anterior and middle tibiae and tarsi suffusedly banded with dark fuscous-grey. Forewings moderate, slightly dilated posteriorly, costa gently arched, hindmargin nearly straight, oblique ; light ashy-grey, with a few scattered black scales, in male more or less wholly suffused irregularly with dark grey, especially towards costa and hindmargin ; costa and inner margin coarsely strigulated with blackish ; a strong tuft of raised scales in male towards inner margin at one-third from base ; a cloudy irregular somewhat sinuate broad dark fuscous longitudinal streak in disc, mixed with ochreous and blackish, extending from near base to beyond middle, thence bent downwards to inner margin before anal angle ; in male this streak is more or less obscured through the general dark suffusion; an ill-defined triangular dark fuscous blotch on upper half of hindmargin, its apex extending inwards to disc at three-fourths, sometimes ochreous-tinged, in male often cloudy and suffused, especially beneath, generally containing two or three longitudinal black streaks : cilia grey, mixed with whitish points, irregularly and indistinctly barred with blackish. Hindwings dark grey ; cilia grey, with a dark grey line near base ; veins 3 and 4 long- stalked. The markings of this species are very obscure and confused, especially in the male, but it cannot well be mistaken for any other; it is comparatively the broadest-winged species of the genus, and the raised tuft of scales on forewings in male is a peculiar character ; its dark cloudy colouring, and the absence of any white markings distinguish it from all but the much narrower- winged and differently marked S. macropetana, and the mare clearly marked S. limnephilana. Larva cylindrical, active, dull green, more yellowish on sides and towards extremities, dorsal spots paler ; head and second segment, or posterior half of second segment, black. Feeds amongst spun-together shoots of Kunzea capitata and Barwinia BY E. MEYBICK, B.A. 683 fasciculata (Myrtaceca), and probably other plants of the same order, in December, January, and doubtless other months. Extremely abundant in the bush round Sydney, readily disturbed and very active, especially towards sunset, almost with- out intermission from July to March ; occurs also at Melbourne ; and I took it not uncommonly at Wellington and Hamilton, New Zealand, in January, frequenting a shrub which I believe to be Leptospermum ericoides. The New Zealand specimens do not differ perceptibly from Australian, except in being slightly smaller than the average ; and there seems no reason to suppose that the species has been artificially introduced from either country into the other. 3. Streps, macropetana, n. sp. £ $ . 7"-8f". Head, palpi, and thorax light ochreous-grey, mixed with dark grey and dark fuscous; palpi not tufted. Antenna? dark fuscous, in male thickened and notched at one- eighth from basal joint. Abdomen grey, segmental margins ochreous-whitish. Legs ochreous-whitish, anterior and middle tibise and all tarsi suffusedly banded with dark fuscous. Fore- wings elongate, narrow, costa gently arched, hindmargin nearly straight, very oblique ; ashy-grey, variable in depth, finely and closely irrorated with whitish ; costa finely and obliquely strigu- lated with blackish-grey ; numerous indistinct dark grey longi- tudinal strigulse in disc, towards hindmargin more distinct and forming connected lines ; often there is a faint irregular ochre- ous suffusion, especially towards middle of disc ; two or three raised scales near inner margin towards base ; often a slender oblique anteriorly suffused black streak from inner margin at one-third, reaching half across wing, frequently interrupted or obsolete; of ten a small indistinct dark fuscous triangular spot on inner margin before anal angle ; between this and the oblique streak at one-third the ground colour is often paler, forming an irregularly oblong patch ; sometimes a small cloudy dark grey 684 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, triangular patch on upper half of hindmargin, darkest towards apex ; a row of three or four black linear dots near hindmargin above anal angle, preceded and followed by a faint leaden-metallic line : cilia grey, irregularly mixed with blackish, and irrorated with whitish points. Hindwings thinly scaled, grey, darker at apex; cilia grey-whitish, with a grey line near base ; veins 3 and 4 long-stalked. The largest species of the genus, with very elongate f orewings ; variable, but generally very uniform in colouring, with very few darker markings, of various character in different specimens. Larva cylindrical, with scattered hairs ; rather pale yellowish- green, above rather darker dull green, dorsal spots faintly whitish ; head amber, second segment rather lighter amber ; anal segment with slight indications of a black plate. Feeds between joined leaves of Eucalyptus sp. — , in June. A common species, occurring amongst Eucalyptus scrub round Sydney and Parramatta, at Bulli, Blackheath on the Blue Mountains, and Newcastle, in New South Wales ; at Melbourne, and near Duaringa, Queensland ; from July to October, and from January to March. 4. Streps, seditiosana, n. sp. £ ? . 4f"-5i". Head, palpi, and thorax grey, densely irrorated with whitish ; palpi not tufted. Antennae dark fuscous, in male thickened and notched at one-fifth from basal joint. Abdomen grey. Legs grey-whitish, anterior and middle tibia? and all tarsi suffusedly ringed with dark fuscous. Forewings narrow, costa slightly arched, hindmargin somewhat sinuate, oblique; dull whitish, costal half suffused with dark grey (in female slightly ochreous-tinged) except along basal third of costa and towards apex ; costa shortly strigulated with dark fuscous ; a dark fuscous strongly marked central streak from base to middle, posteriorly abruptly attenuated and somewhat bent upwards, posterior edge BY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 685 blackish and sharply defined ; an ill-defined grey suffusion about anal angle, and another on hindmargin beneath apex ; a silvery- metallic line from anal angle reaching half across wing, and another near hindmargin extending to costa before apex : cilia grey, whitish towards base, with a blackish spot at apex. Hind- wings very thinly scaled, grey, darker posteriorly ; cilia whitish- grey, with an indistinct darker line near base ; veins 3 and 4 stalked. A distinct species, sufficiently characterised by the dark central longitudinal streak from base to middle. Three specimens (one male, two females) taken in low scrub at Sydney and above the Bulli Pass, New South Wales, from August to October. ■&■ 5. Streps, pericyphana, n. sp. <$ . 4i"-4f". Head white, mixed with dark grey above. Palpi somewhat tufted, white, with a dark fuscous spot near base, and a dark fuscous band towards apex of second joint. Antennae grey, in male abruptly swollen and notched at about one-fifth from basal joint. Thorax blackish, mixed with reddish-ochreous on sides. Abdomen ochreous-grey. Legs whitish, anterior and middle tibia? and all tarsi sharply and narrowly ringed with dark fuscous. Forewings very narrow, costa nearly straight, hind- margin sinuate, oblique ; blackish-fuscous, mixed with ochreous- brown, and coarsely irrorated with white ; costa with white obscure strigulre arranged in pairs j two ill-defined white angulated strigulas crossing wing near base ; two or three short oblique white strigulas near together on inner margin before middle ; an irregularly sinuate snow-white streak crossng wing from near costa at three-fourths to anal angle, angulated inwards about middle, preceded oniuner margin by a small somewhat triangular dark fuscous anteriorly whitish-margined spot ; in this white streak are several faint leaden-metallic spots on ics posterior edge, 686 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN HICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, and there is an obscure leaden-metallic line near hindruargin ; cilia white, outer half grey it rorated with blackish. Hindwings very thinly scaled, grey ; cilia grey. This small species is of peculiar appearance, and very distinct from any other, being characterised by its small size, very narrow forewings, dark colouring, and the pure white transverse streak posteriorly. Three specimens taken at rest on a fence near Sydney, in October. In repose the apex of the forewings is obliquely bent in round the abdomen, as though deformed ; a habit which is not perceptible in any other species of the genus, but is similar to that noticed in the case of Helictoplianes uberana. 6. Streps, fluidana, n. sp. 4"-5". $ . Head and thorax white, more or less sprinkled with ochreous and grey. Palpi white, second joint tufted, tuft dark grey towards extremity. Antenna? grey, in male thickened and notched at about one-fourth from basal joint. Abdomen ochreous-whitish, indistinctly suffused with grey towards base of segments. Legs white, anterior and middle tibise and all tarsi ringed with dark fuscous. Forewings narrow, costa slightly arched, apex produced, hindrnargin sinuate, obliquely rounded beneath ; grey, densely irrorated with white, and more or less suffused posteriorly with reddish-ochreous ; along the costa the grey alternates with the white to form coarse oblique strigula; ; a more or less distinct narrow central longitudinal white streak from base, almost reaching anal angle, but posteriorly dilated and suffused, sometimes crossed by ill-defined strigulae; sometimes a dark grey spot on submedian fold before middle ; a row of four or five sharply-defined linear black dots near lower half of hindrnargin, preceded and followed by a silvery-metallic line, the second metallic line extending to costa before apex ; apex and hindrnargin be\ond this line reddish-ochreous : cilia white on BY E. MEYEICK, B.A. 687 costa, grey on hindmargin, with a black spot at apes, and a white basal spot on middle of hindmargin. Hindwings thinly scaled, grey ; cilia grey- whitish, with a faint grey line near base ; veins 3 and 4 on a very long stalk. $ . Head, palpi, &c, as in male ; thorax partially suffused with reddish-ochreous. Forewings more elongate than in male, wholly reddish-ochreous, sprinkled with grey-whitish ; costa very narrowly white, and posteriorly with short oblique white strigulae ; two or three blackish scales on inner margin ; the silvery-metallic lines and black dots above anal angle as in male ; cilia as in male. Hindwings as in male. Easily distinguished from its allies by the reddish-ochreous partial suffusion towards hindmargin in male, and the wholly reddish-ochreous forewings of female ; nearest to S. solliciiana, but differing from it and the other allied species by the absence of any white costal or subcostal streak. Larva undescribed ; feeding in spun-up shoots of Leptospermum Janigerum (Myrtacecz), in October (and doubtless other months). Abundant amongst its foodplant, flying out in numbers when disturbed, round Sydney, and at Bulli, and Blaekheath on the Blue Mountains, from August to March. 7. Streps, sollicitana n. sp. $ ? . 3|"-5". Head and thorax white, sides suffused with grey. Palpi white, second joint tufted beneath, tuft more or less suffused with grey towards extremity. Antennae dark grey, in male thickened and notched at about one-fifth or one-sixth from basal joint. Abdomen grey, segmental margins and anal tuft of male silvery-whitish. Legs whitish, anterior and middle tibiae and all tarsi ringed with dark fuscous. Forewings very narrow, costa slightly arched, apex rather produced, hindmargin sinuate, rather oblique ; rather dark grey, densely irrorated with white ; along the costa the dark grey alternates with the white to form 688 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, oblique coarse striguke ; a rather broad white longitudinal streak rather above middle from base to middle of disc, dilating gradually, ill-defined at extremity ; a rather narrow white longitudinal streak beneath costa from middle to apex, generally interrupted at half its length by a very oblique grey line ; a slender blackish-grey oblique streak from inner margin at one- third, reaching half across wing, forming a small spot above subinedian fold ; between this and base are several blackish-grey transverse strigulse, not crossing the white longitudinal streak ; a faint silvery-metallic mark above anal angle, and a faint silvery-metallic line near hindmargin ; a small black apical spot, above which is a snow-white spot in cilia : cilia dark grey, with a blackish spot at apex, and a white spot at base on middle of hindmargin. Hindwings rather thinly scaled, grey, apex dark grey ; cilia light grey, with a dark grey line near base ; veins 3 and 4 coincident. Allied to S. Jluidana, but without any ochreous colouring, and with a white subcostal streak from middle to apex. Six specimens taken amongst low scrub near Sydney and Parramatta, in October, December, and January. 8. Streps, zopherana, n. sp. 3 $ . 5"-6". Head, palpi, and thorax grey, more or less irrorated with white, head sometimes almost wholly white ; palpi not tufted. Antennae dark fuscous, in male somewhat thickened and notched at about one-eighth from basal joint. Abdomen dark grey, segmental margins silvery-whitish. Legs whitish, anterior and middle tibiae and all tarsi sharply banded with dark fuscous. Forewings very narrow, costa slightly arched, apex produced, hindmargin sinuate, very oblique ; dark grey, irrorated with whitish ; costa very obliquely strigulated with blackish-grey ; a rather broad ill-defined white streak beneath costa from base to apex, crossed by an oblique dark grey fascia-like streak before BY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 689 middle, and three or four slender dark grey very oblique strigulaa between that and apex ; middle of disc somewhat suffused with, blackish ; an ill-defined black spot in disc above anal angle ; generally a row of about three ill-defined black spots above anal angle towards hindmargin, preceded and followed by an obscure silvery-metallic line : cilia dark grey, paler towards anal angle, with a blackish apical spot, costal cilia white. Hindwings thinly scaled, grey, darker at extremity ; cilia pale grey, with an indistinct darker line near base ; veins 3 and 4 coincident. Distinguished from all others by the white subcostal streak from base to apex, but variable in intensity of colouring. Eour specimens taken in the scrub near Sydney in December ; I found the species very abundant amongst, I believe, Leptosper- mum ericoides, near Dunedin, and also took it at Hamilton and and Wellington, in New Zealand during January. The New Zealand specimens do not differ from the Australian ; the species is evidently at home in New Zealand, but appears to be scarce in Australia, and it is possible that it may have been artificially introduced thither. 9. Streps, plinthinana, n. sp. $ . 6". Head and thorax white, with a few grey scales. Palpi rather elongate, somewhat tufted beneath, white, the hairs greyish- tinged towards extremities. Antennae grey, in male notched at about one-eighth from basal joint. Abdomen ochreous-grey. Legs whitish, anterior and middle tibia? and all tarsi suffusedly banded with dark fuscous. Fore wings narrow, costa gently arched, apex produced, hindmargin sinuate, rather oblique; dark reddish-fuscous, coarsely irrorated and suffused with white, especially towards anal angle ; a broad well-defined white streak along costa from base to apex, posteriorly attenuated, crossed by an oblique dark reddish-fuscous fascia-like streak before middle ; costal edge strigulated finely with brownish-grey, one or two of 690 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO -LEPIDOPTERA, the strigula? towards apex crossing the white streak ; some irregularly placed blackish scales beneath the white streak posteriorly : cilia light reddish-fuscous, becoming whitish towards anal angle, extremities greyish-tinged, with a dark fuscous apical spot, costal cilia white. Hindwings thinly scaled, grey ; cilia light grey, with a faint darker line near base. Nearly allied to 8. zopherana, but forewings somewhat broader, and characterised by the general reddish tint, and costal, not subcostal, white streak. One specimen taken at Parramatta in November. 10. Streps, obeliscana n. sp. 3 $ . 5"-6". Head, dull white, greyish -tinged on sides. Palpi elongate, not tufted, white, sometimes externally greyish-tinged. Antennse grey, in male slightly thickened, and notched at about one-tenth from basal joint. Thorax grey, suffused with white on back. Abdomen whitish, tinged with ochreous grey towards base of segments. Legs whitish, anterior and middle tibiae and tarsi suffusedly banded with dark fuscous-grey. Porewings narrow, costa gently arched, hindmargin sinuate beneath apex, very oblique ; rather light grey, slightly brownish-tinged, irro- rated with whitish, especially towards inner margin ; a broad white costal streak from base to apex, attenuated posteriorly, sharply-defined beneath, costal edge irrorated and sometimes in male suffused with brownish-grey towards base, towards apex with slender oblique brownish-grey strigulse, of which two or three cross the white streak ; the lower margin of the white streak is indented by a short tooth of the groundcolour before middle, beyond this irregularly margined by a blackish line; a sharply-defined small black spot above anal angle, beyond which is a small oval space preceded and followed by a silvery- metallic line, and sometimes enclosing two or three black dots ; cilia brownish-grey, mixed with whitish towards anal angle, BY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 691 with a blackish apical spot, costal cilia white. Hindwings thinly scaled, in male whitish-grey, in female pale grey ; cilia in male white, in female whitish, with a faint darker line near base. Distinguished from all by the broad uninterrupted white costal streak from base to apex, and light grey groundcolour. Abundant amongst Leptospermum scrub, generally in sandy places, round Sydney and at Parramatta, from August to December. 11. Streps, sicariana n. sp. $ . 7". Head white, with one or two grey scales. Palpi elongate, not tufted, white mixed with grey beneath, terminal joint dark grey. Antennae grey, in male slightly thickened, and notched at about one-tenth from basal joint. Thorax white. Abdomen light silvery-grey, anal tuft whitish. Legs whitish, anterior and middle tibia? and tarsi suffusedly banded with dark fuscous-grey. Forewings moderately narrow, costa gently arched, hindmargin slightly sinuate beneath apex, very oblique ; dark fuscous-grey, dorsal half suffusedly white sprinkled with grey ; a sharply-defined fusiform white streak along costa from before middle to apex, acutely attenuated at each extremity, suffusedly margined beneath with blackish, costal edge with slender oblique brownish-grey strigulse, of which two or three towards apex cross the white streak ; an oblique blackish mark above submedian fold before middle ; cilia white, extremities of hindmarginal cilia mixed with grey, with a black apical spot, and a dark grey smaller spot a little below it. Hindwings thinly scaled, grey ; cilia whitish, with a faint grey line near base. Allied to S. obeliscana, but very distinct from that species through its larger size, dark colour, and the white costal streak extending only from before middle to apex. One specimen taken in dry scrub near Sydney in February. 692 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 17. Hexdecasticiia n. g. Thorax smooth. Antennae in male ciliated, with an excavated notch near base. Palpi moderate, porrected, second joint densely rough-haired above and below, terminal joint nearly- concealed. Posterior tibiae fringed with hairs above. Forewings elongate, narrow, costa in male with a basal fold, nearly straight, hindmargin sinuate. Hindwings elongate-trapezoidal, broader than forewings. Forewings with 11 veins, vein 7 running to costa, secondary cell indicated, upper basal fork of vein 1 nearly obsolete. Hindwings with veins 3 and 4 coincident, 5 approximated to 4 at base, 6 and 7 stalked. Nearly allied to Strepsiceros, but distinguished from it and the other genera of the group by the possession of only 1 1 veins in the forewings, the normal veins 7 and 8 being probably coinci- dent ; in the neuration of the hindwings it resembles Bathrotoma. The only species is from New Zealand. 1. Hend. rethaliana n. sp. $ $ . 3J"-4f ". Head, palpi, thorax, and abdomen dark fuscous, sprinkled with ashy-whitish. Antennae dark fuscous, in male notched a little above basal joint. Legs whitish-grey, all tibia; and tarsi suff usedly banded with dark fuscous-grey. Fore- wings narrow, costa hardly arched, hindmargin slightly sinuate, very oblitpae ; dark fuscous, coarsely irrorated with grey and ashy- whitish scales, especially on basal half and before apex, tending to form irregular transverse lines ; sometimes there is an irregular ochreous suffusion towards inner margin before middle, and above anal angle : cilia dark fuscous sprinkled at base with ashy-whitish. Hindwings dark fuscous; cilia dark fuscous, with a blackish line at base. 1 took this species rather commonly in January amongst rank grass and herbage on some swampy ground near Hamilton on the Waikato, New Zealand ; its small size and dark colouring make it very inconspicuous on the wing. BY E. MEYRICK, B A. 693 Fam. III. CONCHYLIML Lower median vein of hindwings not pectinated ; vein 2 of forewings rising from posterior fourth, of lower margin of cell. This family appears to be very scantily represented in the Australian region by a few peculiar genera ; none of the previously described genera have yet occurred. The four genera with which I am acquainted may be thus distinguished : A. Veins 3 and 4 of hindwings remote at origin 1 . Heliocosma. B. Veins 3 and 4 of hindwings stalked or from a point. 1. Palpi very long .. .. .. ..2. Paramorpha. 2. Palpi moderate. a. Forewings in male with a raised mem- branous ridge near base . . . . 4. Coscisoptycha. b. Forewings in male without membran- ous ridge . . . . . . . . 3. Oistophora. 1. Heliocosma, n.g. Thorax smooth. Antennas in male thickened, laterally com- pressed, pubescent. Palpi very long, straight, porrected, second joint roughly haired, attenuated, terminal joint long, exposed. Posterior tibiae fringed with hairs above. Forewings elongate, somewhat dilated, costa in male simple, slightly arched, bent before apex, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; surface with rough scales. Hindwings broader than forewings, rounded-ovate. Forewings with veins 7 and 8 separate, 7 running to hindmargin, secondary cell indicated, vein 1 furcate at base. Hindwings with 8 veins, 3 and 4 remote at origin, 5 parallel to 4, 6 and 7 remote at origin, nearly parallel. Larva sixteen-legged, case-bearing, feeding on flowers. The species of this genus in superficial appearance nearly resemble Conclujlis, but the genus differs widely from all others of the family in the remoteness of veins 3 and 4 of the hindwings 694 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, at origin, these veins being from a point or stalked in all other described genera ; it resembles Par amor pha in the structure of the palpi, and has the rough scales on the surface of the fore- wings in common with all the other Australian genera, and with the European Phtheochroa. The case-bearing habit of the larva is at present unique amongst Tortricina. The two species are readily known : a. Forewings carmine, with white markings . . 1 . rhodopnoana. b. Forewings whitish, with ochreous markings 2. incongruana. 1. Hel. rhodopnoana, n. sp. $ . 7h". Head and palpi whitish-ochreous. Antennre light brownish-ochreous. Thorax light ochreous-brown, shoulders tinged with carmine. Abdomen ochreous-grey, extremity ochre- ous. Legs ochreous-grey, anterior coxee and femora carmine. Forewings rather narrow, triangular, costa straight, bent before apex, hindmargin slightly sinuate, oblique ; bright carmine, deeper posteriorly, becoming ochreous-orange along inner margin towards base ; a narrow oblique silvery-white anteriorly blackish- margined streak from inner margin at one-third, nearly reaching costa, its extremity uniting with apex of a slender ill-defined white streak from base beneath costa ; a second narrow oblique silvery- white anteriorly black-margined streak from inner margin just beyond middle, reaching nearly to costa, the ground colour tinged with orange along its anterior edge ; from middle of its posterior edge proceeds a much slenderer white anteriorly blackish-margined streak to inner margin a little before anal angle ; between first and second white oblique streaks is a tuft of raised scales near inner margin, a slender crescentic outwardly concave white blackish-margined mark beneath costa a little before apex, and another similar rather larger mark beneath it and anal angle, not quite touching either ; a silvery- white streak from apex along hindmargin, ending in a small dilated silvery-white anteriorly blackish-margined spot below middle of hindmargin : cilia BY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 695 carmine, with a white spot beneath apex and another below middle of hindmargin, between these two spots tho basal third is carmine, central third white, apical third grey, extremities above apex dark grey. Hindwings pale ashy-grey, cilia whitish. An extremely beautiful and distinct species, of which the male is as yet unknown. One specimen taken by Mr. G. H. Eaynor near Melbourne in November. 2. Hel. incongruana, Walk. ( Conehylis incongruana, Walk., Brit. Mus. Cat., 363; Eromene apertella, ibid. Suppl., 1762.) ^ $ . 5"-8". Head, palpi, and thorax white, more or less suffused on sides with light brownish-ochreous. Antennae whitish-ochreous, in male dilated and laterally compressed. Abdomen whitish-ochreous. Legs whitish, anterior and middle tibiae and tarsi obscurely infuscated. Forewings moderately narrow, dilated, triangular, costa bent towards apex, hindmargin nearly straight, oblique ; whitish, faintly and irregularly suffused with pale ochreous ; a short ochreous-orange streak along costa at base ; generally an ill-defined reddish-ochreous spot on sub- median fold near base ; a slender (in male almost linear) strongly marked ochreous-orange fascia parallel to hindmargin, running from slightly beyond middle of costa to middle of inner margia, which it does not quite reach, posteriorly black-margined, on its anterior edge towards inner margin are two tufts of raised scales ; sometimes two or three blackish scales on inner margin before anal angle, and in disc above it ; a short cloudy oblique blackish apical streak ; in female a moderately narrow ferruginous hind- marginal band, extending along hindmargin from apex to anal angle, enclosing a small white spot on hindmargm below middle, anterior margin somewhat sinuate ; between it and central fascia is often a cloudy ferruginous suffusion in disc, but in male both this and the hindmarginal band are wholly absent : cilia in male 696 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN HICRO-LETIDOPTERA, whitish, along base ochreous, extremities and a line before middle blackish, broadly interrupted below apex and beneath middle of ' hindmargin with whitish ; cilia in female similar, but ochreous replaced by orange, and there is a dark ferruginous spot at apex, and an orange spot at anal angle. Hindwings in male pale grey, in female whitish-grey ; cilia whitish. In general appearance recalling the European Conchy! is straminea, Hw. ; the dissimilarity of the sexes is so singular that I long accounted them as distinct species. The larva lives in a portable case composed of fragments of petals of the flowers on which it feeds, adding fresh pieces towards the mouth as it grows ; these are at first white, but quickly become withered, and the whole case has a ragged appearance ; the larva feeds on flowers of Lysinema pungcns and Epacris sp. (Epacri&ccn) in August ; from those found an imago was bred in October. A common species, occurring round Sydney, and at Blackheath on the Blue Mountains, and also at Melbourne, in dry sandy scrub amongst its foodplants, from October to March. (Note. — Conchyik diemeniana, Z., Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. 1877, 138, if correctly referred to this family, would probably belong to HeUocosma ; but I am inclined to doubt whether the species is referable to this neighbourhood at all ; I have not however seen a specimen, nor does the description come near any of the Tortri- cina known to me. Zeller's description is taken from a single female type from Tasmania, without palpi, and the neuration does not seem to have been made out ; it is therefore impossible to quote the species under any generic head, but it is very unlikely to be a true ConchyUs. It may be briefly described as slaty- fuscous, with the head, thorax, and basal third of forewings pale yellow.) 2. Paramorttia, n. g. Thorax smooth. Antenna) of male strongly ciliated. Palpi very long, straight, porrected, second joint roughly haired, BY E. HEYRICK, B.A. 697 attenuated, terminal joint long, exposed. Posterior tibire fringed with hairs above. Forewings elongate, narrow, costa in male simple, moderately arched, apex acute, hindmargin oblique ; surface with raised scales. Hindwings rounded, elongate-ovate, broader than forewings. Forewings with veins 7 and 8 separate, 7 running to hindmargin, secondary cell absent, upper fork of vein 1 obsolete. Hindwings with 6 veins, 3 and 4 stalked from posterior angle of cell, 5 from upper angle of cell to apex, 6 free. This genus has a peculiar facies from the remarkably narrow and elongate forewings ; in the structure of the palpi it resembles Heliocosma, but the singular neuration of the hindwings causes it to be classed with O'i&tophora and Coscinoptyclia as forming a peculiar and abnormal group, probably confined to the Australian region. The two species (one Australian, the other from New Zealand) may be easily distinguished ; a. Forewings faint whitish-grey .. .. . .1. aquilana. b. Forewings densely irrorated with dark grey ..2. adreptella. 1. Par. aquilana n. sp. $ ? . 5J"-6]-". Head, antennre, thorax, and abdomen white. Palpi white, beneath sharply dark fuscous. Legs whitish, anterior tibiae and tarsi greyish-tinged. Forewings very narrow, costa gently arched, hindmargin nearly straight, very oblique ; white, almost wholly suffused with faint pale grey except towards anterior half of costa, and with very fine scattered dark grey scales; five sharply defined very oblique short black strigulae on costa between middle and apex, and one shorter (sometimes absent) on costa before middle; a large sharply defined black dot in disc at two-thirds from base, followed by some raised scales; a small tuft of raised scales before this, another below it, two others in a straight line between this lower one and the base at equal distances, and sometimes another obliquely above and beyond the anterior of these, each of these IS 698 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEI'IDOPTERA, tufts generally immediately preceded by a small black dot; sometimes a faint grey angulated transverse line from four-fifths of costa to anal angle ; a sharp black line along hindmargin : cilia white, faintly suffused with grey, with two indistinct grey lines. Hindwings whitish-grey ; cilia whitish, with two very faint grey lines. Eeadily known by its pale whitish colouring and black dots. The imago frequents damp or swampy ground, flying low amongst the herbage; it occurs tolerably commonly round Sydney and Parramatta, and at Blackheath on the Blue Mountains (3,500 feet), in September, and again in February and March. 2. Par. adreptella Walk. (Gelechia adreptella Walk., Brit. Mus. Cat. 654). $ ? . 6A-"-6f". Head, palpi, and thorax pale grey irrorated with whitish ; palpi beneath sharply dark fuscous. Antennae, abdomen, and legs whitish, anterior and middle pair infuscated. Forewings very narrow, costa gently arched, somewhat bent before middle, hindmargin straight, very oblique; light grey, more whitish towards base of costa, distinctly ochreous-tinged, and thickly irrorated with dark grey ; a suffused black spot in disc at two-thirds from base ; between this and base are about eight black dots in upper half of wing, irregularly arranged, tending to be followed by raised scales ; two or three tufts of raised scales towards submedian fold ; a very indistinct angulated transverse dark grey line from three-fourths of costa to anal angle ; an ill-defined blackish line along hindmargin ; cilia grey, with light points, and two indistinct dark grey lines. Hindwings whitish, towards apex pale grey ; cilia whitish, with a suffused faint grey line near base. Larger than P. aquilana, with the costa of forewings distinctly bent, and the groundcolour appearing much darker from the BY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 699 close irroration of dark grey scales, and distinctly ochreous- tinged ; the black dots are also differently arranged. Three specimens taken in the swampy forest near Cambridge and Hamilton, on the Waikato, New Zealand, in January. Walker's type is unset, but certainly referable to this species. 3. Oistophora n. g. Thorax smooth. Antennas of male hardly thickened towards base, very finely ciliated. Palpi moderate, porrected, second joint very roughly haired above and below towards apex, terminal joint concealed. Posterior tibia* thinly haired above. Forewings elongate, narrow, costa in male simple, moderately arched, apex acute, hindmargin oblique ; surface with tufts of rough scales. Hindwings broader than forewings, apex rather produced ; a very large expansible tuft of long hairscales towards base beneath lower median vein. Forewings with veins 7 and 8 separate, 7 running to hindmargin, secondary cell absent, upper basal fork of vein 1 obsolete (?). Hindwings with 6 veins, 3 and 4 short-stalked from posterior angle of cell, 5 from upper angle of cell to apex, 6 free. Related to Paramorpha, but abnormal in facies ; distinguishable by the short palpi, and especially by the large expansible tuft of hairs on the hindwings in both sexes. 1. OYst. pterocosmana n. sp. $ $ . 8"- 8£". Head and thorax white, slightly mixed with ochreous. Palpi white, beneath sharply dark fuscous. Antennas whitish- ochreous. Abdomen whitish, anal tuft of male ochreous. Legs whitish, anterior and middle tibiae and tarsi suffusedly banded with dark fuscous. Forewings very narrow, costa bent towards apex, hindmargin straight, very oblique; ochreous- whitish, irregularly irrorated with dark fuscous; costal edge blackish towards base ; five short very oblique cloudy blackish strigulse on costa between middle and apex, and one still shorter 700 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, before middle ; a tuf t of raised scales beneath costa near base ; two black dots obliquely placed in disc close to base ; four or five tufts of raised scales in disc between one-fourth and middle, each preceded by a black or dai'k fuscous dot ; two raised tufts trans- versely placed in disc beyond middle, preceded by cloudy blackish dots ; a cloudy interrupted angulated blackish line from three-fourths of costa to anal angle ; a sharply denned black line along hindmargin, tending to be interrupted on the veins : cilia whitish, with two broad indistinct grey lines. Hindwings whitish-grey or pale grey ; cilia grey-whitish. Two specimens, taken at Sydney and Melbourne respectively, in October. 4. CoSCINOPTYCHA n. (J. Thorax smooth. Antennoe of male much thickened, dentate, strongly ciliated, basal joint swollen, of female slender, simple. Palpi moderate, porrectecl, second joint roughly haired above and below towards apex, terminal joint in male concealed, in female exposed. Posterior tibico smooth above. Forewiugs elongate, narrow, costa in male simple, nearly straight, bent before apex, hindmargin oblique ; surface with tufts of raised scales, and in male with a membranous longitudinal ridge towards base. Hindwings broader than forewings, apex elongate, almost acute. Forewings with veins 7 and 8 separate, vein 7 running to hindmargin, secondary cell absent, upper basal fork of vein 1 obsolete. Hindwings with 6 veins, 3 and 4 in male from a point or short-stalked, in female long-stalked from posterior angle of cell, 5 from upper angle of cell to apex, 6 free. This peculiar genus is well defined by the curious swollen bladder-like ridge on the forewings of male, the strongly dentate and ciliated antenna) of male, the rather short palpi, and the smooth posterior tibia? ; it is very abnormal in appearance. BY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 701 1. Cose, hnprobana n. sp. J $ . 6f"-7i". Head silvery-white. Palpi white, basal two- thirds of second joint sharply dark fuscous beneath. Antennae in male fuscous, basal joint white ; in female whitish. Thorax white, somewhat mixed with fuscous. Abdomen whitish. Legs whitish, anterior and middle tibiae and tarsi broadly banded with dark fuscous. Fore wings very narrow, costa somewhat bent close to base and a little before apex, almost sinuate in middle, hindmargin nearly straight, very oblique ; white, in male with an irregular ochreous-grey suffusion towards margins ; about seven irregularly placed black linear spots on costa ; in male a raised longitudinal bladder-like membranous ridge, extending in disc from near base to two-fifths, its costal half clothed with white scales, dorsal half naked, pellucid, and shining ; in female this is absent, but there is a small irregular blackish spot in disc at two-fifths ; a grey cloudy spot on inner margin at two-fifths, extending half across wing, in male con- taining a transverse blackish mark, in female obscurely mixed with blackish ; a rather broad grey transverse central suffusion, containing in male a short longitudinal black linear [mark near middle, in female a small roundish black spot and some scattered black scales ; a row of indistinct linear blackish spots along hindmargin : cilia whitish, suffused with grey, obscurely barred with darker. Hindwings thinly scaled, whitish, apex greyish- tinged ; cilia whitish, faintly greyish-tinged round apex. Of this curious species, which for some time I did not recognise as belonging to the Tortricina, I have three specimens (two males and one female), beaten from bushes of Kunzea capitata near Sydney, in December. For convenience of reference, a list is here subjoined of the species described by Walker in the British Museum Catalogues under the head of Tortricina ; the number given refers to the page of the Catalogue, and after each species is given its proper generic 702 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, and specific name, as determined in the present and preceding papers. Teras retractana, Walk., p. 288=Caccecia postvittana, Walk., according to type, out not by description, which is un- identifiable. ,, responsana, Walk., p. 297= Caccecia responsana. „ postvittana, Walk., p. 297= ,, postvittana. „ dotatana, Walk., p. 298= ,, postvittana. ,, mersana, Walk., p. 298= Capua sp., but too worn to be recognisable. ,, scitulana, Walk., p. 298 = Caccecia postvittana. „ basialbana, Walk., p. 299= ,, postvittana. ,, similana, Walk,, p. 300= Anisogona similana. ,, secretana, Walk., p. 300= Caccecia postvittana. „ solana, Walk., p. 300=Dichelia solana. ,, miserana, Walk., p. 30l=Caccecia miserana. ,, canigerana, Walk., p. 301= ,, miserana. ,, immersana, Walk., p. 302= Cryptoptila immersana. ,. olliquana, Walk., p. 302= Caccecia obliquana. ,, excessana, Walk., p. 303= ,, excessana. „ oblongana, Walk., p. 303= ,, oblongana, ,, inaptana, Walk., p. 304= ,, oblongana. ,, incessana, Walk., p. 30-i=ArotropJwra incessana. ,, spurcatana, Walk., p. 305= Caccecia spurcatana. ,, biguttana, Walk., p. 306= ,, biguttana. ,, conditana, Walk., p. 306=P//rgotis eonditana. ,, servana, Walk., p. 306 ; type worthless and not identifiable. „ semiferana, Walk., p. 306= Capua scmifcrana. „ priscana, Walk., p. 307, ) types worthless and unrecog- ,, antiquum, Walk., p. 307, ' nisable. „ congestana, Walk., p. 308, type too worn to be identified, perhaps= Caccecia spurcatana or C. excessana. BY E. MEYRICK, B.A. 703 Teras maoriana, "Walk., p. 308 ; type represented by one un- recognisable forewing. Pandemia secundaria, Walk., p. 310= Cacascia postvittana. ., mediana, Walk., p. 31\ =Anisogona similana. ,, consociana, Walk., p. 311 = Cacascia postvittana. ,, gavisana, Walk., p. 312 = Pyrgotis gavisana. Cacascia metaxanthana, Walk., p. 3\b= Acroceuthes metaxanthana. ,, chrysophilana, Walk., p. 3\b= Aristocosma chrysophilana. Batodes jactatana. Walk., p. 317 = Cacascia jactatana. Bichelia reversana, Walk., p. 321= ,, postvittana. ,, fcedana, Walk., p. 321= ,, postvittana. ,, sobriana, Walk., p. 322= ,, postvittana. ,, retractana, Walk., p. 322=Bichelia (?) retractana. Tortrix magnana, Walk., p. 330 =Acropolitis magnana. ,, polygraphana, Walk., p. 330= Cacascia polygrapliana. ,, canana, Walk., p. 331= Acropolitis canana. ,, impletana, Walk., p. Z?>\ = Thrincopliora impletana. ,, dolosana, Walk., p. 331= Acropolitis dolosana (?). ,, velutinana, AValk., p. 332; type headless and mangled, probably not belonging to the Tortncina, unrecognisable. ,, signigerana, Walk., p. 332= Acropolitis signigerana. ,, (?) innotatana, Walk., 333; type lost, description un- identifiable. Lophoderus Icetiferanus, Walk., p. 336, belongs to the (Ecophoridcs (Tineina) . Sciaphila conjunctana, Walk., p. 348=Asthenoptycha conjunctana. ,, disputana, Walk., p. 349= Bichelia disputana. ,, ruclisana, Walk., p. 349= Acropolitis signigerana. ,, basiferana, Walk., p. 350 belongs to the Tineidccf Tineina). ,, ejectana, Walk., p. 350= Strepsiceros ejectana. ,, absconditana, Walk., p. 351 ; type worn, unidentifiable, perhaps= Streps, ejectana. ,, debiliana, Walk., p. 35 1= Cacascia miserana. ,, sidneyana, Walk., p. 352 ; type very worn, unrecognisable 704 DESCRHTIOXS OF AUSTRALIAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, Sciaphila inconcisana, Walk., p. 352 ; type worn to pieces, un- recognisable. projeetana, Walk., p. 352= Acroceuthcs metaxanthana. comptana, Walk., p. 353= Scolioplecta comptana. flexivittana, Walk., p. 353= Cacceeia jactatana. transtrigana, Walk., p. 354= ,, spurcatana. turbulentana, Walk., p. 355= ,, spurcatana. fusiferana, Walk., p. 355 ; type worn, unrecognisable. detritana, Walk., p. 356; worn, j)vo\>.= Capua scmiferana. servilisana, Walk., p. 356 ; mangled, — Strepsiceros ejectana spoliatana, Walk., p. 356 ; type worn to pieces, uniden- tifiable. infimana, Walk., p. 357 ; type very worn, unidentifiable. saxana, Walk., p. 357 '= Strepsiceros ejectana. Olindia vetustana, Walk., p. 358 ; type doubtfully identifiable, not recognised. Conchylis incongruana, Walk., p. 3Q>3=Heliocosma incongruana. Ugniferana, Walk., p. 363= Strepsiceros ejectana. divulsana, Walk., p. 364 ; type in fragments, unidenti- fiable, perhaps=2)fV/«. fusciceps. fuscicepsana, Walk., p. 36-i—D ic/telia fusciceps. iasmaniana, Walk., p. 365= ,, tasmaniana. notatana, Walk., p. 365, probably belongs to the Gelechidce (Tineina). cepsana, Walk., p. 366=Dichelia fusciceps. humerana, Walk., p. 366= ,, (?) humerana. (?) amcenana, Walk., p. 366= Tortrix amcenana. vacuana, Walk., p. 367=Capua vacuana. decisana, Walk., p. 367, belongs to the (Eeophoridce /"Tineina J. mundulana, Walk., p. 668=Dichelia fusciceps. (?) subfurcatana, Walk., p. 368=Tortrix subfurcatana. ,, (?) sparsana, Walk., p. 369, belongs to the Bombycina. ,, plagiatana, Walk., p. 370=Pyrgotis plagiatana. BY E. MEYBICK, B.A. 705 Conchylis leucaniana, Walk., p. 370=Tortrix leucaniana. ,, recusana, Walk., p. 37 \=Pyrgotis play iatana. ,, maryinana, Walk., p. 371= ,, yavisana. Penthina trifasciana, Walk., p. 377, belongs to the TineidcefTineinaJ ,, indecretana, Walk., p. 377 =Acropolitis siymyerana. Pccdisca immersana. Walk., p. 380 =Cacoecia po&tvittana. ,, lignigerana, Walk., p. 380= Acropolitis lignigerana. ,, confusana, Walk., p. 38l=Arotroj)kora confusana. ,, luciplagana, Walk., p. 381=Dichelia luciplagana. ,, morosana, Walk., p. 382; type worn and unrecognisable, probably belongs to Tineida (Tineina). ,, privatana, Walk., p. 382= Caccecia jactatana. Grapholita parvulana, Walk., p. 39l=JEudemis botrana. ,, extrusana, Walk., p. 391, belongs to tbe Pyralidina. ,, decolorana, Walk., p. 392,= Capua decolorana. ,, mutatana, Walk., p. 393=Capua vacuana. ,, perspectana, Walk., p. 393=Holocola perspectana. Carpocapsa conficitana, Walk., p. AV2=Stigmonota conficitana. Tospitis transitana, Walk., p. 430, belongs to Bombycina. Argua scabra, Walk., p. 448, probably belongs to Geometrina. Urabalugens, Walk., p. 448, belongs to Pyralidina. Teras absumptana, Walk., p. 1780; type lost, description un- recognisable. ,, punctilineana, Walk., p. 1780 ; type lost, description un- recognisable. ,, cuneiferana, AValk., p. l780=Caccecia obliquana. ,, abjectana, Walk., p. 1781 ; type lost, description unrecog- nisable. ,, pauculana, Walk., p. 1781=Tortrix leucaniana. „ contractana, Walk., p. 1782; type lost, description unrecog- nisable. ,, constrictana, Walk., p. 1785 ; type lost, description un- recognisable. 706 PLANTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES, Goboea copiosana, Walk., p. 1805 ; type lost, description unrecog- nisable. The following descriptions, erroneously placed by Walker under various groups, refer truly to species of the Tortricina. Scopula arcuatalis, W 'alk.,= ArotropTiora arcuatalis. Tinea admotella, Walk., p. 485=CffpK« semiferana. Gelecliia intactella, Walk., p. Go2=Tortrix leucaniana. „ adreptella, Walk., p. 65 4<=Paranwrpha adreptella. Eromene transcissella, Walk., p. VlQZ=Arotropliora arcuatalis. „ apertella Walk., p. 17 62= Heliocosma incongruana. ADDENDUM. Holocola triangulana. Whilst this paper was passing through the press, I have bred the above species from the larva. Larva moderate, cylindrical, slightly thickest in middle ; whitish-grey, faintly purplish-tinged ; head and a plate on second segment ochreous-brown : it feeds in a good deal of web and refuse amongst spun shoots of Acacia decurrens, (LeguminoseeJ. Pupa with a transverse row of small- close oblique spikes on each abdominal segment, stronger posteriorly; lying free where the larva fed. The larva was found in August, and the imago emerged early in November. Ox the Plants of New South Wales — No. III. By the Rev. De. Woolls, D.D., F.L.S., &c. Of the remaining orders of the Calyciflorce, eighteen are represented in Queensland, fifteen in New South Wales, and twelve in Victoria, so that including the great order Leguminosee, we have Orders. Genera. Species. Queensland .. 19 .. 168 .. 506 New South Wales 16 .-. 124 .. 524 Victoria . . . . 14 . . 76 - . . 349 BY THE EEV. DR. "WOOLLS, D.D., F.L.S. 707 The orders which do not extend to Victoria are the Melasto- macere, Passiflorre, Rhizophorea, Combretacerc, Samydacese, and Cornacepe, whilst the third, fourth, and fifth of these are not represented in New South Wales. Of the Myrtacece, 19 genera, including 129 species, are indigenous in New South Wales, and constitute by far the greater portion of the forest trees. The genus Eucalyptus alone numbers 50 species, and these compre- hend all those trees popularly known as Gum Trees, Box, Blackbutt, Woolly Butt, Stringy Bark, Bloodwood, Mahogany, Peppermints, and Iron-Bark. Angophora or Apple has 4 species, Syncarpia or Turpentine 2, Myrtus 5, and Eugenia 4 ; whilst the species of Leptospermum, Melaleuca, and Callistemon, which are known by the names of Tea-tree, Bottle-brush, &c, amount to 33. Whether considered in the extensiveness of its' range, the commercial and medicinal value of its timbers, barks and resins, the beauty of its flowers or the utility of its fruits, the order of Myrtaceas is certainly the most important in Australia. The species divide themselves into those which are fleshy-fruited, and those which are capsular. Of the former, the most valuable occur in the Tropical parts of the continent, very few occurring in New South Wales, and only one (Eugenia Smithii, Poirs.), extending to Victoria. In Queensland the species of Eugenia (which genus, according to Mr. Bentham, includes all the Myrtles that have fleshy fruits), are 14, whilst 4 only are common to New South Wales. The genera of this section are for the most part Tropical, and are found both in Asia and America ; but those which are capsular, (that is having dry dehiscent fruits,) are nearly all peculiar to Australia. A few species are found in New Caledonia and the Indian Archipelago, whilst Metrosicleros and Zeptospermum are represented in New Zealand, the former by M. diffusa (Smith) and If. villaosa (Smith), and the latter by L. Scoparium (Smith), "the leaves of which were used by Capt. Cook's Ships' Crews as tea, whence they named it the tea-plant (Don)." It is remarkable that this 708 PLANTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES, circumstance should have caused not only L. Scoparium (which is common to New Zealand and Australia), but all its congeners to be denominated Tea-trees. In Victoria the principal genera of the Myrtaceso are Bceckia, Melaleuca and Eucalyptus, compre- hending respectively 7, 12, and 30 species. The genus Eucalyptus, of which in ' Willdenow's Species Plantarum (1799) only 12 species are enumerated, is now known to have some 150 distinct forms, and of these, one third occur in New South Wales. It is a curious fact in the distribution of plants that very few species occur out of Australia. Mr. Bentham remarks : "With the exception of two species extending to Timor, and two or three or perhaps one single somewhat doubtful species from the Indian Archipelago, the Eucalypti are all Australian." Since the publication of the 3rd Vol. of the Flora Australiensis, however, Baron F. von Mueller, in his Eacalyptoyrapliia (Decade 4.) under E. alba (Reinwardt) states that: "The number of Extra-Australian species of Eucalyptus is extremely limited, so far as hitherto known, although additional congeners may perhaps yet be obtained from New Guinea, and even there possibly from Alpine regions." He then mentions as Extra- Australian not only E. alba, but also E. moluccana, (Roxb.), E. Decaisneana, (Blume) and E. Papuana, recently described by himself in his notes on Papuan Plants. The Baron regards the absence of Eucalyptus from the vegetation of New Zealand as very remark- able, and more especially as "an Eucalyptus-like tree has recently been recorded from New Ireland by the Revd. W. Brown as forming forests in that island." The following is a list of the Eucalypts indigenous in New South Wales, arranged principally according to Baron Mueller's cortical system. Leiopiilole. 1. E. stellulata, (Sieb.) 3. E. radiata, (Sieb.) 2. ,, coriacca, (A. Cunn.) 4. ,, saligna, (Sin.) BY THE KEY. DR. WOOLLS, D.D., F.L.S. 709 5. JE. gracilis, (F.v.M.) 12. E. tereticornis, (Sin.) 6. ,, hamartoma, (Sm.) 13. ,, punctata, (DC.) 7. ,, uncinata, (Turcz.) 14. ,, Gunnii, (I. Hooker.) 8. „ dumosa, (A. Cunn.) 15. ,, maculata, (Hook.) 9. ,, incrassata, (Labill.) 16. ,, obtasiflora, (DC.) 10. ,, viminalis, (Labill.) 17, ,, stricta, (Sieb.) 11. ,, rostrata, (Schecht.) HeMIPHLOIjE. 18. E. Sieberiana, (F.v.M.) 23. E. longifolia, (Lk. & Otto.) 19. „ pilularis, (Sm.) 24. ,, Stuartiana, (F.v.M.) 20. „ largiflorens, (F.v.M.) 25. „ oleosa, (F.v.M.) 21. ,, liemipUoia, (F.v.M.) 26. „ melliodora, (A. Cunn.) 22. ,, brachgpoda, (Turcz.) RhYTIPHLOI/E. 27. E. microcorgs, (F.v.M.) 33. E. terminalis, (F.v.M.) 28. „ acmenoides, (Scban.) 34. ,, exirnia, (Schan.) 29. „ botrgoides, (Sm.) 35. „ polgantliema, (Schan.) 30. ,, robusta, (Sm.) 36. ,, populifolia, (Hook.) 31. ,, resinifera, (Sm.) 37. ,, puherulenta, (Sims.) 32. ,, corgmbosa, (Sm.) Pachypiilole. 38. E. amggdalina, (Labill.) 42. E. piperita, (Sm.) 39. ,, capitella, (Sm.) 43. ,, dealbata, (A. Cunn.) 40. ,, eugenioides, (Sieb.) 44. ,, dives, (Scban.) 41. ,, macrorrhgncha, (F.v.M.) SCHIZOPHLORE. 45. E. sideropliloia, (Bentb.) 48. E. sideroxglon, (A. Cunn.) 46. ,, crebra, (F.v.M.) 49. „ mdai.ophloia, (F.v.M.) 47. ,, paniculata, (Sm.) 710 PLANTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES, Of the remaining Calyciflorce, the order of Passiflorae is represented by two genera and five species, none of which extend to Victoria ; whilst of the Cucurbitaceae, which are well repre- sented in Queensland and North Australia, only one species Sict/os angulata, (Linn.) is common to the three colonies of Eastern Australia. Momordica Balsamina, (Linn.), which is regarded by Mr. Bentham as indigenous, is widely dispersed over Asia and Africa, and also extends to the New "World. Some of the Ficoidea also have a wide range, for Hesembryanthemum cequilaterale, (Linn.) (the Pig-face of the Colonists) and Tetragonia expansa, (Murr.) (called "New Zealand Spinach") occur here and there along the coast from Tasmania to Northern Queensland. Of the Umbelliferse there are 14 genera, 11 of which are found in New South Wales, 8 in Queensland, and all in Victoria, whilst the species are respectively 33, 17, and 34, thus showing, that although the order has species in almost all latitudes, the greatest number of them appear in the more temperate regions. Two species only of the Araliaceae — (Astrotriche ledifolia, (DC.) and Panax sambucifolius, (Sieb.) — ) occur in Victoria ; and this is remarkable, as the difference between the Umbelliferse and Araliaceee (the latter of which are comparatively numerous in Queensland) is one rather of habit than of any decided character. The last order of the Calyciflorse, the Cornacese, is represented by a solitary species common to Queensland and New South Wales. In addition to the 1 1 species of leguminous plants unknown here in the early days of the colony, but now widely dispersed throughout it, the following may be enumerated : Rosa rabiginosa, (Linn.) jEnothera biennis, (Linn.) JEnothera rosea, (Willd.) Epilobium roseum, (Sm.) Passijlora ccerulea, (Willd.) Ammi majus, (Linn.) PL. 5. FIQ. 1 ^•^v^ f « * ^y* „ j ■-•■■• 1 /* /^ FIQ. 3 J&uJ* r*M ft ^ / ^ \ N Y \ \ A. N. D. 1879. \ BY THE REV. DR. W00LLS, D.D., F.L.S. 711 Sium latifolium, (Linn.) Sium angusti folium, (Linn.) Fceniculum vulgare=Anethum fceniculum, (Willd.) Bupleurum rotundi folium, (Willd.) Of these plants, Rosa rubiginom is becoming very troublesome in the Southern parts of the colony, whilst of the introduced Umbellifers, the species of Sium are supposed to be poisonous. From the estimate now formed, the species of the Subclass Polypetalfe are as follows : Indigenous . . . . 872 Introduced . . . . 50 NOTES AND EXHIBITS. Baron Maclay read a note on the " Progress of the Sydney Biological Station at Watson's Bay," also " Notice of an intended Trip to the South Coast of New Guinea and the North-east of Queensland." Baron Maclay also exhibited sketches illustrating the deforma- tion of the heads of new-born children at the island of Mabiac, and drawings of types of natives on the South Coast of New Guinea, (pure and mixed Papuan.) Mr. Haswell exhibited specimens of Amphioxus found at Port Curtis, Port Denison and Thursday Island with sketch and drawing. IT I 712 PLANTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 31st, 1881. The President, J. C. Cox, M.D., E.L.S., &c, in the Chair. MEMBER ELECTED. Mr. J. G. Griffin, C.E., of Tamworth. DONATIONS. Museum D'Histoire Naturelle Paris, annual reports for 1879-80 From Friedlander and Sons, Bibliotheca Historico-Naturalis et Mathematica. Journal of the Eoyal Microscopical Society of London, 1881. Eoyal Society of Edinburgh, Proceedings, Vol. X. Zoological Station, Naples, Trans. Vol. II., part 4. Eoyal Academy of Sciences, Amsterdam, Trans. Nat. Hist. Branch, 2 series, Vol. XV., and Annual Report for 1879. Eoyal Society of New South "Wales, List of Exchanges and Presentations, 1881. TAPERS READ. On ttie Plants of New South Wales — No. IV. By the Eev. Dr. Woolls, D.D., E.L.S., &c. " The Sub-class IE, Monopetalrc, is very extensive, and the species described in the Flora Australiensis range from Vol. III., p. 386 to Vol. V., p. 142. So far as the limits of these species are yet recorded, the following is the approximate result : Orders. Genera. Species. Victoria .. .. 25 .. 142 .. 326 New South Wales 80 . . 201 . . 654 Queensland .. 28 .. 239 .. 596 When the floras of particular districts in Eastern Australia, are more carefully observed and the limits of indigenous plants BY THE REV. DR. WOOLLS, F.L.S. 713 are better understood, these numbers (especially those for Queensland) will need considerable revision. For whilst there is reason to believe that some plants now regarded as Victorian will be found common to new South Wales and Victoria, so, on the other hand, some known only from the Southern parts of Queensland, will be found to extend to New South Wales, and vice versa. The information, however, which has been afforded by the Flora Australiensis and the Fragmenta Fhytographics Australia, is highly useful in enabling us to compare the floras of the respective colonies, and to form a tolerably correct idea of the peculiarities of each. It appears that the Monopetalous orders not represented in Queensland are the Ericaceae, common to Victoria and New South Wales ; the Orobanchacece extending from Victoria and South Australia to the Western Coast ; and the Selaginece of West Australia. The orders not occurring in Victoria are the Flumbagiiiece, Sapotacetz, Ebenacece, Styracece, Hygrophyllacece, Acanthacece, and Pedalinece. In this part of the world, the Epacrids usually take the place of Heaths, but Wittsteinia vacciniacea, (F.v.M.) and Gaultheria hispida (It. Br.) are found in the Southern parts of the Eastern Colonies, the former in Victoria, and the latter in New South Wales and Victoria. The limited range and number of Heathworts in Australia and Tasmania may be regarded as indicating the relics of a Flora which once connected the vegetation of Australia with that of countries not separated from it by the ocean. For the genus Gaultheria spreads not only over the mountainous regions of America and Tropical Asia, but it extends through the Antarctic Islands and New Zealand to the summits of the mountains at the head of the Bellinger and the Southern mountains of New South Wales. In Queensland, the Composites, Apocyneoe, Asclepiadece, Rubiacece, Convolvulacea, and Solanece, furnish a large number of species respectively; whilst the Acanthacece, which in new South Wales are but poorly represented (Ruellia australis, (B. Br.) and Eranthemum variabile, (R. Br.) 714 PLANTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES, being the only species widely distributed), are known to have at least 18 species in Queensland, of which Graptophyllum Earlii, (F.v.M.) is a beautiful shrub rising sometimes to the height of 15 feet. The most extensive order of the Monopetalao in New South Wales is that of the Composites, comprehending 52 genera and upwards of 200 species, of which Olearia argophylia (F.v.M.) is perhaps the most remarkable. Mr. Bentham reckons the whole number of Australian Composites at 500, and he has arranged them in 88 genera. There is, however, great difficulty in determining whether some species, common to other parts of the world, are indigenous or not. After having carefully con- sidered the subject, I am of opinion that the following have been introduced : 1. Centaurea Melitensis, (Linn.) 2. Centaurea calcitrapa, (Linn.) 3. Carthamnus tinctorius, (Linn.) 4. Onopordon acanthium, (Linn.) 5. Cardiius marianus, (Linn.) 6. Eupatorium cassabinum, (Linn.) 7. Erigeron canadensis, (Linn.) 8. Erigeron linifolius, (Willd.) 9. Xanthium spinosum, (Linn.) 10. Tolpis barbata, (Willd.) 11. Siegesbecha orientalis, (Linn.) 12. Galinsogea parvi flora, (Cav.) 13. Bidens pilosa, (Linn ) 14. Tagetes glandulifera, (Schranck.) 15. Antliemis cotula, (Linn.) 16. Chrysanthemum segrtum, (Linn.) 17. Chrysanthemum Parthenium, (Pers.) 18. Soliva anthemifolia, (E. Br.) 19. Gnaphalium luteo-album, (Linn.) 20. Gnaphalium purpureum, (Thunb.) 21. Senecio scandens, (DC.) BY THE REV. DR. WOOLLS, D.D., F.L.S. 715 22. Cryptostemma calendulacea, (R. Br.) 23. JETypocIaeris glabra, (Linn.) 24. Wedelia hespida, (Kth.) 25. Picris hieracioides, (Linn.) 26. Crepis japonica, (Benth.) 27. Sonchus oleraceus, (Linn.) 28. Cichorium Intybus, (Linn.) 29. Leontodon hirtas, (Linn.) 30. Tragopogon porrifolius, (Linn.) 31. Taraxacum dens-leonis, (Desp.) The whole number of introduced plants belonging to the Monopetalse may be reckoned 58, and of these it appears that more than half are Composites, some of which, owing to the facility with which their seeds are wafted in all directions, have increased to a great extent. The most troublesome to the agriculturists on the banks of the Hawkesbury are Tagetes and Wedelia, for they spread over the cultivated flats and injure the crops of cereals. Carduus and Onopordon, which, in other parts of the colony, have taken possession of alluvial soil and impeded the progress of cultivation, have made but little advancement in the same locality. Amongst the Monopetalse of Australia, there are some very interesting plants, such as the species of Stylidium with their elastic column, the Goodenoviece with their curious indusium, and the order of the Epacrids, remarkable for their limited distribution out of Australia and their separation from Heathworts by the opening of the anthers. Of the Epacrids, 65 species are indigenous in New South Wales, one of which attains the dimensions of a tree ( Trocliocarpa laurinaj; and two (Epacris purpurascens and E. microphyllaj are amongst the few Australian shrubs which have been found with double flowers in a wild state. Some species also afford small edible fruits ; but of the Monopetalee, Achras australis, Cargillia australis, and some kinds of Solatium (of which New South Wales has 22 species) are more appreciated in this respect, especially S. esuriale and S. vescum. 716 PLANTS OF HEW SOUTH WALES, The gigantic climbers Lyonsia straminea and reticulata of the Apocynese are remarkable for finding their way to the summits of lofty trees, whilst several species of the Gentian Family are likely to be utilised as medicinal plants. Nor should I omit to mention in the same category Duboisia myoporoides and D. Ifopivoodii, which have lately elicited some valuable correspondence in these colonies, particularly from Dr. Bancroft of Brisbane. Perhaps I may be permitted to mention, that my excellent friend the late Mrs. Calvert called my attention to the properties of D. myoporoides some years since, and that in my " Contribution to the Flora of Australia," p. 178, I alluded to the fact, that from this plant the blacks were in the habit of preparing some intoxicating beverage. Of the Myoporinese, the genus Eremophila is limited to Australia, and several species are worthy of cultivation for the beauty of their flowers. E. Mitchellii is the Sandal-wood of the interior, and Ifyoporum Cunninghami (which Mr. Bentham regards as a narrow-leaved variety of If. acuminatum) extends from the interior of Queensland to the borders of Victoria. The Labiates of New South "Wales are limited to 11 genera, including 41 species, of which 22 belong to the genus Prostanthera, which so far deviates from the ordinary type of Labiates as to afford in P. lasiantlms the largest known plant of the order, with showy flowers and strongly scented glands. Mr. Bentham states that the genus is limited to Australia, and that only two species are natives of Western Australia. Of the herbaceous species of the order, the Mints {Mentha australis, and If. satureoidesj afford a highly scented volatile oil, whilst of the introduced species, Marrubium vulgare and Stachys arve?isis have established them- selves here and there throughout the colony in waste places and cultivated ground. The Verbenacere, like the preceding order, comprehend both trees and herbs, for whilst Clerodendron, Gmelina, Vitex and Avicennia may be reckoned amongst the former, many of the species are of the latter class. The common Verbena officinalis, is looked upon as being indigenous, but V. Bonariensis, BY THE REV. DR. WOOLLS, D.D., F.L.S. 717 which is regarded as a troublesome weed, not only in the county of Cumberland, but beyond the Dividing Eange, seems to be a plant of foreign origin. In concluding this brief notice of the Monopetalee, it may be seen that the species in New South "Wales are far more numerous than those of the Thalamiflorse or Disciflorae, whilst they exceed the recorded species of Calyciflorre by more than 100. The whole amount of these grand divisions will probably be more than 1,200, whilst that of the introduced plants is upwards of 100. On the occurrence of Pseudophycis breviusculus, Richardson, in Port Jackson. By E. P. Ramsay, F.L.S., C.M.Z.S., &c. During a recent dredging excursion in Port Jackson I obtained from the interior of a large shell of Lolium variegatum, a fine specimen of a Pseudophycis, which appears to belong to the Lota breviusculus of Richardson ; when alive this fish was of an olive brown tint, slightly greenish about the head, and of a pinkish hue on the belly ; the whole of the fish was covered by a thick mucous. In length it is about 6 inches, greatest height 2 inches. There are nine (9) rays in the first dorsal, and from 47-48 in the second, the pectoral fin is as long as the distance from its base to the centre of the orbit, the maxillary reaches to the posterior margin of the orbit, the longest ventral ray equals the distance between the anterior margin and the extremity of the operculum ; the height of the body between the vent and the last (ninth) ray of the first dorsal, equals the distance between the lower margin of the base of the pectoral, and the end of the snout. In all other respects this specimen agrees with the description of Lota breviuscula of Richardson, under which species I prefer to retain it for the present. 718 DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF HONEY- EATER, Description of a new species of Honey-eater from S. E. Coast of New Guinea. By E. P. Eamsay, F.L.S., C.M.Z.S., &c. Plectorhyncha (?) fulviventris, sp. nov. Total length about 8 inches, wing 3-8, tail 3-2, bill from fore- head 0-95, from nostril 0*5, from gape 1 inch. The fifth and sixth quill nearly equal and longest, tail of 12 feathers. The whole of the upper and under surface of a dull brown washed with olive, browner on the rump and upper tail coverts ; very faintly tinged with olive-yellow on the outer webs of the wing feathers ; on the head and back of the neck the olive-yellow is more defined ; the throat slightly fulvous, the breast, under wing-coverts, abdomen and under tail-coverts, more decidedly fulvous, inner webs of the wing feathers fulvous, the other portions of the wings and tail dull light brown ; legs flesh-colour ; bill light straw-colour, dark brown along the culmen. The third primary is slightly shorter than the fourth ; the fifth and sixth quill equal and longest, the fourth very slightly shorter than the fifth ; the tail not quite so even as in Plectorhyncha lanceolata, (Gould). Sab. Mountain ranges of South East Coast of New Guinea. The tongue having been removed from the only specimen, it is difficult to determine the Family of this species, for the present I prefer to keep it under the genus Plectorhyncha of Gould, in the Meliphagidse. Notes on the Zoology of the Solomon Islands, with DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEW BlRDS. Part III. By E. P. Eamsay, F.L.S., Curator Australian Museum. ASTUR VERSICOLOR, Sp. UOV. Adult female. — Total length 17 inches, wing 9*75 ; tail 8 in. ; tarsus 2-8 ; mid. toe fs.u.J 1*75, hind toe fs.u.J 0-95 ; bill from BY E. P. RAMSAY, F.L.S., ETC. 719 forehead l-2, from cere 0*7, from gape 1*15 ; culmen from base of cere 1*3. The whole of the upper and under surface of the body, wings and tail above, and the under wing and tail-coverts of a bluish- slate black, slightly darker on the quills and margins of the scapulars and coverts ; the under surface of the quills and tail feathers bluish-ashy, except at the tips, towards the base they are almost white on the inner webs of the first to fourth primary. Of the tail, the outer two and the centre two are without bars, the remaining feathers, as well as some of the primaries show remains of blackish bars ; the basal portions of the feathers on the crown, nape, and hind neck are white ; on the lower part of the hind neck and on the rest of the body the bases are dusky ; " irides bright yellow, bill black, cere and legs reddish-yellow." (Morton.) Immature female. — General colour above and below light tawny or pale rufous ; the tips of the feathers on the head and ear- coverts blackish slate or bluish slate-black ; the base of the feathers on the crown and hind neck white, lower part of the hind neck rufous, each feather barred with dark brown and tipped with blackish ; on the scapulars and wing-coverts the final blackish bar is subterminal, each feather having a narrow rufous edging ; secondaries margined and tipped with rufous, and with at least twelve bars, their outer webs blackish ; primaries similar but no rufous margins on the outer web, upper tail- coverts barred with blackish, and margined at the tips with rufous ; tail blackish-brown above, ashy-brown below, all the feathers crossed with narrow black bars about twenty in number from the very base to the tip, the last bar subterminal and wider than the others, the inner webs of the feathers below washed with rufous. All the under surface rufous, throat and under tail-coverts without bars, feathers of the chest, breast, and abdomen with black spots or bars, hastate, cordate, or lanceolate in form, some feathers have only a lanceolate spot at the mesial 720 ZOOLOGY OF THE SOLOMON ISLANDS, portion near the tip, others and those on the flanks have three or four irregular bracket shaped narrow bands ; on the thighs the markings are V shaped and of a rufous-brown tint ; shoulders below and the under wing-coverts deep rufous, with a few V- shaped, or hastate markings ; inner webs of all the quills except at the tips of the five first of the primaries, pale rufous. Bill blackish, legs greenish grey. Progress towards maturity, female. — The blackish markings on all the feathers become more and more wide, and finally confluent leaving only a dark rufous margin to the ends of the feathers, the throat, abdomen, and under tail-coverts also, become barred and the rufous tint much deeper ; ashy-white appears on the interspaces between the black bars on the under surface of the quills. The ear-coverts, cheeks, nape, back of the neck and interscapular region becomes black first, the rufous edgings are the last to disappear. Bill blackish, legs brownish-yellow. Three specimens only of this interesting species, were secured, unfortunately all females and almost exactly the same in dimen- sions, they were obtained at the Island of Ugi, Solomon Group. Nasiterna Finschii, Ramsay. Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S. Wales, Vol. VI., pt. 2, p. 180, 1881. Among the JVasiternce collected by Mr. Alex. Morton on the Island of " Ugi," one of the Solomon Group, I find an example of what I believe to be the male of this species, and from which I take the following description. Adult male. — Similar to the type specimen, which is a female, but having on the centre of the abdomen a spot of deep rich red, a small spot of light yellow on the distal end of the tibia, behind ; the wing-coverts conspicuously centred with black which forms in some a triangular spot ; the feathers round the base of the lower mandible are tinged a little more conspicuously with blue, and some of the greater series of the under tail-coverts, which are deep yellow, are tipped at the apex with verditer-blue ; bill black. BY E. P. KAMSAY, F.L.S., ETC. 721 Total length (spirit specimen) in the flesh 4*3 ; wing- 2-6 ; tail 1*6 ; tarsus 0-35 ; bill from the angle of the mouth to tip 0*32, from the same point to the notch of upper mandible 0-22, from nostril to the tip 0*4, the culmen from anterior margin of cere 0-38. Young. — In the same collection are several specimens which appear to me, to be the young, they differ in being of a less bright green below, there is no blue tinge on the cheeks, but the two or three rows of cheek feathers next to the lower mandible are tipped with rose or have a spot of that colour on either side of the shaft near the tips, this rosj hue round the lower mandible is observable in four of the specimens collected, three of which were obtained on the Island of St. Christoval, and the other on the Island of Ugi. In size they are all exactly the same, three males and one female ; and in measurements differ very little from the types of N. Finschii. Length (spirit specimen) in the flesh, 4 inches ; wing 2 4 ; tail 1*35 ; tarsus 0-3 ; bill from the gape to tip 0*3 ; from gape to notch 0-26 ; from nostril to the tip 0*3 ; the culmen from the anterior margin of cere 0*31. It is quite possible that these which I presume to be the young of N. Finschii may be hereafter proved to belong to distinct species, however, for the present, I prefer not to separate them. IaNTHEXAS PHILIPPA1N7E, sp. 110V. Adult male. — The head, nape, throat and upper part of the neck french grey with an opaline rosy lustre ; the wings and tail above and below blackish-slate blue, almost black, all the rest of the plumage light bluish-slate colour, burnished with metallic reflections of rich green and pale rose. The upper and under wing and tail-coverts like the wings and tail, but margined with the same metallic colours as the body ; in reflected light the tint is rich rose, by transmitted light rich bright green. " Bill coral red, feet bright deep yellow, iris rick yellow, skin round the eye above reddish-yellow, below light bluish-grey." — f A.M.J 722 ZOOLOGY OF THE SOLOMON ISLANDS, Total length 15-2. wing 9*5, tail 6 inches, tarsus T2. Bill from forehead 1-3. from nostril 0*8, from gape 1*4 ; mid. toe ( s.u.J 1*4, hind toe 0-8. Although closely allied to Ianihenas pallidiceps* it differs from the type in the ground or non-metallic colours of the feathers of the body being light slate blue, and not blackish-brown, and the rose colour of a much brighter tint, not inclining to purple. I have dedicated this fine species to the amiable wife of the gallant Commander James Bruce, R.N. of H.M.S. " Cormorant." Sab. Island of Ugi. Ptilopus Richardsi, sp. nov. The whole of the head, neck, sides of the body, chest, breast, and under surface of the shoulders delicate french grey, slightly tinged with a wash of very pale olive-green, the crown of the head, sides of the face, in front of the eye, pale lavender extend- ing to the base of the lower mandible ; round the occiput is a shade of yellow in certain lights ; the throat tinged with pale yellow ; a large patch on the abdomen, the vent and under tail coverts deep orange, the under tail-coverts centred with rosy carmine ; body above from between the shoulders olive-green ; outer webs of the quills golden-green, secondaries narrowly margined with pale gold, the inner webs of the scapulars are of a beautiful delicate rose tinted with carmine, and margined with orange towards the tip, yellow towards the basal portion, a rose carmine lanceolate mesial spot near the tips of the adjacent wing-coverts, increasing in size and intensity of colour on the central portions of the larger feathers, but confined to an elongated stripe on the inner webs of the tertiaries ; wings below lead-grey, tail ashy or lead-grey below, the outer webs above green, the inner blackish, the tips of all the feathers below ashy but distinctly washed with olive-yellow above, and forming a *In my description of this bird, in the P.L.S., of N.S.W., Vol. II., p. 249, in the first line of the page the word " reflected " should be " transmitted.'' BY E. P. RAMSAY, F.L.S., ETC. 723 terminal band ; bill lead-colour, tip straw colour ; feet red, the tarsus is feathered for about two-thirds of its length ; the feathers on the chest are slightly bifurcated as in those of P. regince, &c. ; tip of the first primary narrow, elongated. Total length 83, wing 5-2, tail 2-9, tarsus 0-8, bill from the gape 0-8 inches. Hah, Island of Ugi, Solomon Group. Morton found this species tolerably abundant on Ugi, but on no other Island visited ; he was also fortunate enough to find the nest and eggs, like that of all the genus the nest is a frail scanty structure of a few twigs placed over a fork of a branch about twenty feet from the ground ; the egg is oval, rather pointed at the thin end; pure white, length 1*22, in breadth 0*83. A second nest and egg taken by Dr. T. H. Lewis, E.N., H.M.S. " Cormorant," are similar, but the thicker end of the egg is more rounded, both eggs were nearly hatched, and a bird shot from one of the nests proved to be a male ; in some of the females eggs were found ready for laying. From a nestling obtained in June, I take the following description : All the upper surface green, slightly tinged with bronze, on the wings and tail, the wing-coverts, secondaries and scapulars margined with yellow, the three or four smaller innermost secondaries (or tcrtiaries) having the tips and the whole of the inner web yellow, except at the base, the primaries narrowly margined with yellow, tail above bronzy-green, the tips of all the feathers ashy, washed with green, and distinctly margined with yellow ; the under surface is ashy-grey, the tips lighter and margined with yellow ; the under tail coverts and abdomen yellow, the throat pale yellowish ; all the rest of the under surface ashy, the tips of all the feathers margined with light yellow ; forehead ashy ; the first primary attenuated at the tip. Length 6-5, wing 4-8, tail 2-8, tarsus 0-8, bill olive, feet reddish. 724 ZOOLOGY OF TIIE SOLOMON ISLANDS, Ptilopus Lewisi, sp. nov. Ptilopus viridis, var. Bamsay, in P.L.S. of N.S.W., Vol. IV, 1879, p.p. 73, 74. Ptilopus eugenics, (female) Kamsay, Journal of Linn. Soc. London, Zool. 1881. From an extensive series of Ptilopus eugenics, (Gould.) collected by Mr. A. Morton at Ugi, Solomon Islands, and which contains adults of both sexes, and also a very young female in the nestling plumage, it is evident that the bird I described as P. viridis, var. (I.e.) is a distinct species, Morton also abtained a young bird of this new species in plumage the same as the adult, which confirms me in this view. A description of this species will be found in the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of N.S.W., Vol. IV., 1879, pp. 73, 74, as quoted above. Sab. Islands of Florida and Malay ta, Solomon Group. I have named this species in honour of Dr. T. H. Lewis, E.N. of H.M.S. "Cormorant. Ptilopus eugenije, Gould. Ptilopus eugenics, Gould — Eamsay, in Journ. Linn. Soc, London, Zool., 1881 ; (J. The yeung on leaving the nest have the chin and forehead only white, and the rest of the head ashy, washed with green, the greater wing-coverts and the secondaries are margined on their outer webs with pale yellow, in other respects the plumage is like that of the adult ; the adult males and females are alike in plumage, the male having the white extended a little further down the neck. Ptilopus joiiannis, Sclater. Ptilopus solomonensis, Gray, $ . Ptilopus ceraseipectus, Tristram, $ There can be no doubt that the female bird described by Gray is of the same species as Ptilopus johannis of Sclater, but as Gray's BY E. T. RAMSAY, F.L.S., ETC. 725 description may stand for other females of the same genus, I do not think that his name can be retained. Hob. Ugi, and St. Christoval, Solomon Islands. Chalcophaps Mobtoki, sp. nov. Total length 8*5 inches, wing 6 inches, tail 4 inches, tarsus 1*1, bill from forehead 0'9, from nostril 0*42 from gape 0-9, mid. toe (s.u.) 0-9, hind toe 0-6. The whole of the front of the head slate-blue ; crown, occiput, nape, hind neck, shoulders, interscapular region and scapulars dark chocolate ; the rump of a darker chocolate-brown, crossed by an anterior and posterior band of light cinnamon ; upper tail- coverts and tail above rich dark cinnamon-red, the outer feathers of the tail centred with light slate-blue or bluish ash, a sub- terminal band of blackish, the next two feathers of a rich cinnamon red approaching to rufous and having a similar subterminal black band or spot, on the under surface the black band is extended down the margin of the inner web of the under tail- coverts, the outer ones are like the upper tail coverts, the longer central ones show a mixture of blackish brown and chocolate ; the whole of the under surface of the body is of a rich cinnamon. The under wing- coverts and inner webs of the primaries and some of the adjacent secondaries rich deep cinnamon rufous, quills above dark brown tinged with cinnamon, the outer webs of the tertiaries (or inner secondaries) and the median and greater coverts rich bronzy-green. In certain lights there is a rosy-purple tinge on the upper hind neck and scapulars. Hal. Ugi. (Morton.) I believe the bird I described under the name of Chalcophaps chry&ochlora var. sandwichensis (P.L.S. of N.S.W., Vol. III., p. 339) to be the yoimg of this species, I therefore withdraw that name in favour of the name I have here bestowed on the adult. 726 ZOOLOGY OF THE SOLOMON ISLANDS, Myiagra cervinicauda, Tristram. From the series brought by Morton, I find, both among the skins and those in spirits, several specimens which prove without doubt, that the young males resemble the females in having the same fawn coloured plumage, and dull lead-coloured head, &c. The male is a very different bird, resembling Myiagra plumbca of N.S.W. and may thus be described. Adult male. — The throat, chest, and all the upper surface plumbeous, almost black on the wings, tail, head, and throat ; very slightly glossed on the wings and tail, but with a conspicuous metallic gloss of greenish in certain lights, on the head, throat, and chest ; lores black ; inner margins of the quills, under tail- and wing-coverts, lower part of breast, and the abdomen pure white ; iris dark brown ; bill and legs black ; length 49; wing 2-6 ; tail 2-4 ; tarsus 0-65 ; bill from forehead 0-65, from nostril 0-35, from the gape 0-7, breadth at gape 0-4, at nostril 0-28. Bab. Ugi. f Morton. J Sturnoides minor, sp. nov. All the body plumage and the upper and under wing and tail coverts black, with slight metallic greenish reflections, the primaries and secondaries and the tail feathers earthy-brown, the primary-coverts washed with black and a blackish shade over the basal portion of the outer webs of the primaries, the inner webs of the quills above and below have a faint reddish-brown tinge ; the outer webs of the tail feathers and the centre two feathers washed with blackish-brown, the under surface lighter, bill, legs, and feet black. The feathers of the head, neck, and chest, and upper part of interscapular region pointed and slightly glossed with purple. Total length of skin about 7-4 ; wing 4-3 ; tail 3 inches ; tarsus 1 inch ; hind toe fs.u.J 0-6; bill from forehead T05, from nostril 0-65, from gape 1-15, culmen 1 inch, the width of gape 0"55, at BY E. P. RAMSAY, F.L.S., ETC. 727 nostril 0*25 ; the bill strong and wide at the base, from in front of the nostril to the tip laterally compressed, with the culmen strongly curved to the tip. Sab. St. Christoval. (Morton.) Since this paper was read I have received another large collection of birds from the Solomon Islands, which contains a fine series of Astur albigularis, (Gray), these tend to prove that my A. versicolor is a stage of plumage of A. albigularis, but a large series must be carefully sexed before the matter can be decided ; I will lay before the Society a paper on this subject without delay. Fructification of the Bunya. By the Hon. James Norton, M.L.C. About forty years ago it began to be noticed that the Araucaria excelsa (Norfolk Island Pine) produced large cones abundantly, and the market gardeners at once began to plant the nuts obtained from these cones freely, but were disappointed on find- ing that none of them germinated. To botanists the reason was obvious, for the plant being monoecious had not yet produced the male cones or catkins, as they should perhaps be called. In the year 1852 I noticed in "Curtis' Botanical Magazine, Tab. 4365," the figures and description of the cones of A. coluvmaris, which were stated to have been forwarded to England by Mr. Charles Moore, who was then, as now, Director of our Botanical Gardens. This induced me to examine the Norfolk Pines carefully, and, singularly enough, I immediately found them commencing to produce the male cones in profusion. 1U 728 FKUCTIFICATION OF THE BUITSA, The consequence was that the nuts became fertile, and at Annandale it was found that the young plants came up as freely as the barley among which they fell, and produced a crop much more profitable to Capt. Johnstone. At that time there were few if any well grown plants of A. Bidwilli (Bunya) in the Colony, and in 1857 I planted at Ecclesbourne, Double Bay, a specimen which had been raised in a pot and must then have been a few years old, and which is consequently now about 30 years of age and about 40 feet in height. This and other specimens subsequently planted have produced female cones abundantly, but after examining hundreds of the nuts I have succeeded in finding only about half a dozen fertile ones. The planting of the first fertile nuts found was unfortunately delayed rather too long and therefore produced no result, but the three found last year were planted immediately and produced roots within a few days. Their subsequent progress was at first quite satisfactory, but through the neglect of a gardener the plants have now probably perished. There can be little doubt that the fertility of the few good nuts found was produced by the pollen from either A. excelsa or A. Cunninghami, for it is certain that A. Bidwilli had not then produced male cones. At Camden Park there may be seen a large tree which was grown from a nut produced on the spot, and sujtposed to have been fertilized by A. Braziliensis. There is certainly a difference ^between it and the mother plant standing close by. The fact which I now wish particularly to bring before the Society is that the tree first planted by me has this year for the first time borne numerous male cones, which will probably enable us to produce young plants freely and so greatly diminish the risk of the extinction of a tree which is fairly considered to be one of the most beautiful in the world. BY THE HON. JAMES NORTON, M.L.C. 729 The male cones as in other Araucarias are produced on the leaf spires but not at the ends, as is the case with A. axcelsa, while the females spring from the solid wood of the branches which have no difficulty in supporting their great weight. It is a little dangerous to work under the Bunya at the time of year at which the cones fall, for a blow on the head from one of them falling from a height of 40 or 50 feet would be a serious mat- ter as they fall bodily and not piecemeal as in the case of A. excelsa. The fruiting cones have not yet appeared and probably will not do so till the male is sufficiently advanced to produce the pollen which will probably fertilize them. I may here mention that about seventeen years ago I planted an avenue of these trees which have greatly puzzled some of the gardeners who believe them to be a variety of the true Bunya. The explanation of the matter is that in order to prevent their enormous spread the ends of the branches have been several times lopped. This has caused the wounded parts to threw out numerous branchlets which have made the trees look very rich and compact and probably also caused them to grow taller than they otherwise would have done. I cannot imagine anything more beautiful than these trees at the beginning of summer when they throw out a profusion of young pale green shoots contrasting very strikingly with the older dark green foliage. NOTES AND EXHIBITS. The Honble. James Norton exhibited some male cones of the Bunya tree mentioned in his paper. Dr. Cox exhibited a curious albino variety of Platycercus pallidiceps from Queensland. ♦ » 730 BOTANY OF THE SPRINGSURE DISTRICT, WEDNESDAY, 28th SEPTEMBEE, 1881. The President J. C. Cox, M.D., F.L.S., &c, in the Chair. MEMBERS ELECTED. E. L. Layard, C.M.G. &c, Noumea; Alex. Oliver, M.A., and Dr. Charles Mackellar, M.D., Sydney. DONATIONS. Geological Sketch Map of New South "Wales, from the Department of Mines. Peport of the Tasmanian Salmon Commissioners for 1880. papers read. The Botany of the Springsure District. By P. A. O'Shanesy, P.L.S. The town of Springsure is situate in 24° South Latitude, and about 148c 15' East Longitude, and is botanically and geologically one of the most interesting districts in this part of Queensland. The surrounding country is entirely volcanic, and it can scarcely be surpassed for pastoral purposes, its rich, rolling downs spread- ing out almost as far as the eye can reach, covered with nutritious grasses, and here and there intersected by creeks of beautiful water. The Orange, Grape, and other fruits thrive here, and evidently at no very distant date its rich volcanic downs will be converted into immense wheat fields. All the efforts of the squatter to check the marsupials in this district appear unavailing, for late in the evening these downs are literally alive with kangaroos, as they emerge from their retreats to feed at night on the tender herbage. The elevation of Springsure above the sea is about 1,000 feet, and consequently its climate is very temperate; its distance from Eockhampton is about 170 BY P. A. O'SHANESY, F.L.S. 731 miles, and between thirty and forty miles south of west. It lies at the Southern extremity of a steep, broken, rocky range of mountains, which appears to be entirely detached, but is probably a broken spur from the southern part of the Drummond Range, from which it is distant about forty-five miles due west. Several of the mounts in the neighbourhood of Springsure shoot up to a height of 200 or 300 feet above the surrounding country, and the sides, which are mostly perpendicular, consist of naked rock, but their summits are clothed with various kinds of trees and plants. Evidently the inhabitants of Springsure are determined to perpetuate the name of the " Prince " of the Apostles, as several mounts in the neighbourhood are named after St. Peter, and one in particular is called the Great St. Peter's. This is an immense, square, flat-topped rock, with perpendicular sides, and it is plainly discernible from Emerald Downs Station, a distance of fifty-five miles. As another instance of the religious enthusiasm of the Springsure people, the " Madonna " is pointed out in the rocky face of the mountain, within a mile of the town, and the reverend gentlemen who accompanied the writer imagined they could trace another Madonna in the side of another mountain, so that, with the enchanting scenery and the holy and venerable names associated therewith, one almost fancies himself in some celestial region. But to be serious. As already remarked, this district is very interesting to the geologist, the surrounding hills abounding in opals, chalcedony, jasper and hyalite or " Glass-stone." Valuable opals have been found on a rocky ridge within half a mile of Springsure, and opaline rocks are to be met with every- where, and it is the opinion of an eminent geologist, the Rev. Tenison-Woods, who has visited the mine, that if properly worked it would prove remunerative. But though opals are more precious than botanical specimens, which are of little or no pecuniary value, yet to search for opals was not the object of the writer's visit, and therefore he will leave that subject to some 732 BOTANY OF THE SPEDfGSURE DISTRICT, more competent person, and proceed to enumerate the plants we noticed during our excursion from Emerald to Springsure, a distance of about fifty miles. We crossed the Nogoa River half a mile from Emerald, in the bed and along the banks of which we noticed large trees of Melaleuca trichostachya, Casuarina Cunn- ingliamiana, Eucalyptus tereticomis and E. brachypoda. The track then runs through a solitary patch of rich open volcanic downs, covered with the yellow flowered Bulbine bullosa and the beautiful red-flowered Pimelea hamatostackya, which formed a charming contrast. Here and there, too, we noticed the pretty white- flowered Hibiscus flculneus, the dwarf H. trionum, Plumbago zeylonica and the curious little Indigo/era glandulosa with its small scarlet flowers and winged pods. Half a mile farther on we enter a dense Brigalow scrub, which continues unbroken for the next fourteen miles. There we saw Carissa ovata very plentiful, the black, milky berries of which are not to be despised. The term " Brigalow " is applied by Southern writers to Acacia excelsa, which they evidently mistake for A. harpophjlla, which is the true Brigalow, but it is easy to conceive how this error has been propagated seeing that neither A. excelsa nor A. harpophylla appear to occur in the southern part of the Colony. We noticed several different kinds of trees and shrubs in this scrub, among which are the following : Yentilago viminalis, a tree of 30 to 40 feet, ElcBodendron australe, 15 to 20 feet, Myoporumdeserti, alow shrub, M. acuminatum, a shrub of 10 to 15 feet, Meter odendr on oleifolium, a tree of 40 to 50 feet, Cassia australis, C. eremopliila, Terminalia oblongata, a tree of 30 to 30 feet, Albizzia basaltica and a few species of Eucalyptus. At the far off end of this scrub we saw Acacia pendula or " Gidea " 20 to 30 feet high. We also noticed the variety Amplexifolius of Loranthus longiflorus, which I consider as a distinct species. It is not, as Bentham considers probable, an inconstant form of the leaves of L. longiflorus, nor does it occur on the same tree with that species. It is rare in this district, but I have seen it on two or three occasions. The BY P. A. o'sHANESY, F.L.S. 733 narrow-leaved form of Loranthus exocarpi is common in this scrub, and is most frequently found on Bauhinia Carronii, but I have also noticed it on Acacia excelsa, hanging to a length of four or five feet. L. quandang is very common on Acacia harpophylla, to which tree it appears to be entirely peculiar, and it assumes the hoary colour of the foliage of that tree. The peduncles of this Loranthus are reflexed, causing the flowers to be pointed upwards although the branches are pendulous. Evidently there are two species confounded in the Flora Australiensis under Loranthus pendulus, which is also common in this scrub. The typical L. pendulus has long lanceolate-falcate leaves, with three to five prominent nerves, and the flowers are on slender peduncles nearly two inches long, of three to six rays, each ray with two or three pedicillate flowers of a bright scarlet colour, and the plant is, as far as I have seen, entirely peculiar to the Eucalypts. This is the most constant species of the Loranthi ; for no matter on what Eucalypt it is found it always presents the same appearance. The plant described as a form of the above species with obovate- oblong-cuneate leaves is evidently a distinct species. The leaves are very thick, one to two inches in length, with three obscure nerves ; the common peduncle is very short, with one to three rays, each bearing one to three flowers, with the central one or all three sessile ; anthers adnate, petals free, yellow and reflexed, and of a dark colour for some distance above the base. This species appears to be almost entirely peculiar to Geijcra parviflora, and it seldom exceeds more than one or two feet in length, with thick, rigid branches. Loranthus longiflorus is peculiar in this district to Eucalyptus melayiophloia, but I have noticed it at Rock- hampton on E. tereticornis. From the scrub to within a short distance of Springsure are open downs, thinly timbered, mostly with Eucalyptus terminalis, and in the moist gullies and water courses Melaleuca genistifolia, which is here only a tall bushy shrub. On the downs we noticed Teucrium argutum, Rhynchosia minima and a few other plants which are common everywhere. 734 BOTAXY OF THE SPRINGSURE DISTRICT, We now arrive at Wills' Station (Culinlaringo) about thirty- miles from Emerald, where we were hospitably entertained. On the following morning we started for Springsure by the near road which goes through the " Gap," shorter by four or five miles than the road via Fernlees. The scenery from Wills' to Springsure is delightful ; for the greater part of the way the track runs along a narrow valley between two steep ranges, where the botanist can fully occupy his mind, especially when he has to steer a vehicle over a rugged bush track. Being now in the Springsure district I shall notice the Orders represented separately, in order to give the reader a more accurate idea of the botany of the district. But it must not be taken for granted that this includes the whole of the Springsure Flora, as our observations were necessarily confined to a few spots ; indeed I am fully convinced that, if properly explored, the ranges in the neighbourhood would yield many rare plants, and probably new and interesting species. In the Legumi7ios(e we noticed Acacia salicina in several places along the road, where it attains a height of 40 to 50 feet. It is a very variable species and is widely distributed in Queensland, and yet it is perhaps the most easily recognised of all its congeners. A. excelsa is also common here, and approaches to a height of 50 feet, and though somewhat resembling the last named species it is easily distinguished from it. The thorny A. Farncsiana is common on the downs, and never exceeds a height of four or five feet ; its flowers yield a delicious perfume. This shrub is known as the "Dead Finish" in the southern parts of the Colony, though it does not occur there, and evidently the name should apply to Albizzia lasaltica, which is the true "Dead Finish." In the Government Exhibition Catalogue the wood mentioned as Acacia Farnesiana is evidently Albizzia basaltica, as the former species never attains a size to produce wood of any use, and neither of the two appears to be found in the neighbour- BY P. A. o'SHANESY, F.L.S. 735 hood of Brisbane. Trifling as these errors appear, they not unfrequently lead to several awkward ones. We f onnd the pretty little Acacia confer ta among the sheltered ranges near Minerva Creek, where, covered with a profusion of golden yellow flowers, it lent a charming effect to the landscape. It is a pretty shrub of four to five feet, the small lanceolate leaves crowded on the branches, and not exceeding three or four lines in length. I subsequently found this species at Duaringa near the Dawson River. We found two other species of Acacia here, one a middle- sized, spreading tree resembling A. macradenia ; the other a shrub or small tree with short, broad, oblique phyllodia and flowers in short cylindrical spikes of about an inch and a half in length ; this shrub is found on the summit of the ranges. Albizzia basaltica or " Dead Finish " is also of frequent occurrence; the wood is red, with a fine straight, silky grain, and is valued for making stock-whip handles and fancy articles. We also noticed Hovea longipes, a pretty shrub with a profusion of bright blue flowers ; the young pods of this shrub are eaten by the aborigines. The following are of frequent occurrence among the ranges: Crotalaria trifoliastrum, C.juncea, JErytlirina vespertilio or "Cork-tree," Psoralea tenax, Cassia eremophila and C. concinna (which deserves cultivation) and C. australis which is common in all the scrubs in the neighbourhood. Indigofera pratemis deserves to be cultivated, and we also saw /. linifolia, I. enneaphylla, and I. hirsuta which is a common weed. The curious little Zonia diphylla and the pink-flowered Lotus australis were also noticeable, and on the gravelly ridges among the ranges we found a shrubby species of Atylosia. Of Apocynacecs we only found Alyxia ruscifolia, a handsome shrub with small, dark green, pungent leaves, and white fragrant flowers, which are succeeded by large, red, milky berries. Asclepiadacece we found represented by Cynanchum Jioribundum, a perennial milky twiner with large bunches of lilac flowers and peculiar capsules of nearly three inches in length ; it is well worth 736 BOTANY OF THE SPRINGSURE DISTRICT, cultivating. The only other plant of this Order we saw was Secamonc elliptica, a tall milky climher of frequent occurrence in most scrubs. Of Campanulaceae or the Blue-bell family, we only found the ubiquitous blue-flowered Wahlenhergia gracilis, and the more rare Isotoma axillaris with large, purplish, bell-shaped flowers. This pretty little plant is found hanging from cliffs, and always in company with Psilotum triquetrum ; it would be very ornamental for rock-work. The last named plant belongs to the Lycopodiacece or "Club-mosses" and it deserves a place among every collection of plants : it is also found growing on trees in dense mountain scrubs throughout the Colony, as well as in New South Wales. As far as we saw, the Filices or ferns are but poorly represented around Springsure, but evidently a number of them must exist in the deep moist gorges at the head of the creeks, which we had not an opportunity of exploring. We only found Pteris tremula, P. falcata, Adiantum hispidulum and Platycerium ale icorne or "Elk's-horn," ferns that are common throughout the Colony. The Urticeoc or Nettle tribe we only found represented by Ficus platypodia, (which is mostly parasitical) and F. Cumiinghamii, a large deciduous tree common in the humid jungles along the coast; the fruit of neither species is edible. Among the Proteacece the graceful Hakea lorea was the most conspicuous, its long, wiry, pendulous leaves hanging in bunches from the ends of the branches, resembling large chandeliers. Persoonia falcata is a remarkable stunted little tree, and it can- not be mistaken once it has been seen. The bark is dark and rough, leaves long and falcate, reminding one of the phyllodia of some Acacias, and the flowers are pale yellow, in long rigid racemes. I am not aware that this species is found east of Cometville, and it was hitherto unknown south of Rockingham Bay. Grcvillea striata with its long strap-like leaves is common in this district, but besides that species we saw but one other, without flowers, resembling G. polystachya, which is found in the neighbourhood of Emerald. Like most places in Australia the BY P. A. o'siIANESY, F.L.S. 737 Myrtacecs are well represented at Springsure, but chiefly by Eucalyptus, of which we found the following species, E. terminalis, E. melanophloia, E. crebra, E. brachypoda, E. tesselan's, E. tereticor- nis, E. citriodora, and a species belonging to the Section Micran- thera, resembling E. brachypoda, but the capsules are much larger and the leaves dotted : it is confined to the sides of the ranges. Zeptospermum attenuatum is plentiful on the sides of the ranges, where it attains the size of a small tree ; the bark is soft and lamellar, like that of Melaleuca leucodendron. Hanging from the naked cliff to a length of six or eight feet we found a Callistemon resembling C. lanceolatus, with narrow acuminate leaves and yellow anthers. I have never known C. lanceolatus to be found except where its roots can reach the water, but Baron Mueller, after comparing the Springsure plant with the other Australian species, assures me that it is only a form of C. lanceolatus. We also noticed Melaleuca trichostachya and M. genestifolia in several places. The liubiacece we found represented by Pomax umbellata, which is always found in the crevices of cliffs in elevated situations. Psichotria daphnioides, the remarkable stunted little tree, Ccelospermum reticulation, and the humble little Asperula conferta. Of SterculeacecB we only found Sterculia rupestris or Bottle Tree, S. diversifolia and the showy little shrub Melhania incana, which is common throughout the Colony. Among the Labiatce we noticed the fragrant plants Plectranthus parviflorus and Anisomeles salvifolia very plentiful among the ranges ; the latter plant would yield a delicate perfume. We found Teucrium racemosum at Minerva Creek, and T. corymbosum, and T. argutum at Springsure ; the latter has rose-coloured flowers, and the two former species white flowers. We found the Saprndacece represented by Nephelium connatum, a middle-sized tree bearing edible fruit, Hetcrodendron oleifolium, a tree common in the brigalow scrubs, U. diversifolium, a tall shrub, the leaves of which are toothed like those of a holly, 738 BOTANY OP THE SPRIXGSURE DISTRICT, Dodoncea viscosa and D. flifolia. The hop-like capsules of the Dodonseas are used as hops, and are said to be a very good substitute. The Composite are generally well represented every- where. Cassinea Icevis is a pretty, slender shrub three to five feet high, with small linear leaves, and cottony- white all over ; it is not very plentiful, but we found another species (I believe C. aculeata) very plentiful among the ranges. The leaves of these shrubs are fragrant, and they deserve cultivating. The straggling shrub, Olearia stellulata, and the tall, fragrant plant Monenteles glandulosus are common in the bushes. Monenteles sphacelatus, Wedelia aspera, Brachjcome graminea, Calotis hispidulum C. scab iosi folium, and the pretty yellow-flowered Ixiolena tomentosa make up our list of Composite plants. Of the Ampelidece or Giape Vine family we only found Vitis oblonga, which climbs to the tops of the tallest trees, and the herbaceous V. climatidea, which produces small edible tubers. Like the Leguminosce the MyrtacecB and the Composites we found the Euphorbiacece well represented, but only by a few genera. The handsome fragrant flowered shrub, Securinega leucopyrus is of common occurrence, and the ubiquitous Petalostigma quadriloculare, the bark of which is used as a febrifuge, is very common. The poison plant of the coast district, fSponia aspera) is very plentiful among the ranges, and we found the middle-sized tree, Bridelia tomentosa, in the scrub at the base of the mountain, near Springsure. We found a species of Bertya which we had not seen before, on one of the ranges ; the young branches are tomentose, leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, with a broad, almost cordate base, half to one and a half inch long, on short petioles, cottony-white underneath, the margins revolute, prominent midrib, and numerous almost transverse veins ; young fruit glabrous, ovoid, obtuse, sessile in the axils, with four or five small, tomentose, calyx-like bracts ; we saw no flowers. We found Euphorbia eremophila near Minerva Creek, and E. pilulifcra and E. Drummondii are common at Springsure. The former BY P. A. o'SHANESY, F.L.S. 739 species is perennial, and has thick, fleshy roots ; E. pilulifera is now a well known remedy for asthma, and E. Drummondii is said to be an infallible remedy for dysentery and low fever ; but it is also said to have proved poisonous to sheep on the Barcoo. Of the Acanthacece or Acanthus family we only found two very com- mon representatives, namely Ruellia australis and Justitia procumlens. Thymelacece are a remarkable Order in Australia ; it consists of three genera, one of which ( WikstroemiaJ has but a single species, (W. IndicaJ only occurring in Queensland and New South Wales ; Phalaria, the second genus, has but three species, which only extend southward to Rockingham Bay ; while the third genus, Pimelea, is found throughout Australia as well as in Tasmania, and 67 species are already described in the Flora Austr aliens is. But though numerous in species the Pimeleas are nowhere plentiful, and we were agreeably surprised to discover three species in the Spz'ingsure district, namely Pimelea glauca, a very pretty, white-flowered plant suitable for cultivation, P. hacmaiostachya a beautiful, red-flowered species, and P. leptostachya with small yellowish-green flowers. Except by the botanist the last-named species would never be taken for a Pimelea ; it is said to have been found at Rockhampton by Bowman, but I have never seen it there. Of Solanacece we found Solatium ellipticum, S. stelligerum, S. esuriale and another species which does not appear to be described. It is annual, and seldom exceeds six or eight inches in height -r the leaves are six to eight inches in length and three to five inches in breadth ; flowers large, violet ; fruit large, green. Nicotiana suaveolens, (native tobacco) and Datura Zeichhardtii or Thorn Apple are the only other members of this Order we found. The native Thorn Apple would be worth trying in asthmatical complaints. We found Meliacece represented by Melia composita or White Cedar, which is here a great favourite in cultivation ; it is quite deciduous, and is one of our most beautiful flowering trees. Flindersia maculosa or " Prickly Pine " and Owenia acidula 740 BOTANY OF THE SPRINGSUE.E DISTRICT, or "Emu Apple " are mostly confined to the brigalow scrubs in the neighbourhood, and these with the pretty shrub Turraea pubescens make up our list of the Meliaceae. The last-named shrub is deciduous, its white fragrant flowers appearing with the young leaves, and it is entirely peculiar to Queensland. Bignoniacea are but a small Order in Australia, and it is mostly confined to Queensland. Of the two Tecomas found in Australia, one, Tecoma australis, is common at Springsure. The flowers of this climber have a most disagreeable smell. Geraniacecc we only found represented by the humble Oxalis comiculatus (the " Sour Grass " of the Colonists) ; and Linacea or the Flax tribe, have also but a single representative, Erythroxylon australe, a shrub very common in the brushes along the coast. It would be interesting to know if this species possess any stimulating properties like its congener E. coca, of South America. The Capparideas are represented by three genera, Capparis, Apophyllum and Gynandropsis. Capparis canescens and C. Mitchellii are common, and G. Slianesii is less frequent, and of recent dis- covery ; the fruit of these shrubs is known by the name of ' Native Pomegranates "and the pulpy part in which the seed is imbedded is a good substitute for mustard. Apophyllum anomalum is a most remarkable shrub, and will be readily recognised in the brigalow scrubs by its wiry, leafless branches and small pea-like fruit ; it is the only known species. Gynandropsis pentaphylla is more rare, but is always met with in old sheep yards. It is an herbaceous plant, and its long pod-like capsules, which have a pungent taste, could be used for pickling. The only members of the Rutacex we saw, are Geijeraparviflora, a tall shrub peculiar to the brigalow scrub and G. salicifolia. a handsome middle-sized tree ; the old name G. latifolia, would be much more appropriate for this tree. The Myoporinece have but a single representative, Eremophila Mitchell i or " Bastard Sandal- wood," which is common in all the brigalow scrubs. We found several species of Malvacecc, which are generally plentiful everywhere. Gossypium (Fugosia) australe is BY P. A. o'SHANESY, P.L.S. 741 a shrub of three to four feet high, with pink flowers resembling those of an Hibiscus ; it is found on dry ridges near Springsure and also at Comelville. The writer has discovered another species of Gossypium near Emerald, but it cannot be specifically determined until flowers shall have been seen ; the leaves are orbicular and peltate. The other Malvaceous plants found are Malvastrum spicatum, a common weed, If. tricunpidatum, Hibiscus lieterophyllas, a tall shrub with pink or white flowers, H. trionum a low sbrub with pink flowers, H ficulneus and H. vitifolius. The last-named species is the most remarkable of its congeners. Its leaves are covered with pungent hairs which run into the flesh and cause considerable pain ; the flowers are of a sulphur colour and the capsule is winged. Sida corrugata and S. subspicata make up our list of this enteresting Order. Of the Umbelliferce we found Hydrocotyle hirta and a species with orbicular, peltate, and deeply cut leaves, which we had not seen before, but not having seen the flowers we are unable to determine the species. Daucus brachiatus or native carrot, is not unfrequent, and sheep and cattle thrive wonderfully where this plant is plenti- ful. The Lythracece have but a single representative, Ly thrum hyssopifolium ; and the Juncacece or rush tribe are also but few. Of this Order we only saw Juncus pallidas, Xerotes long i folia, and a species of Xanthorrhoea or Grass-tree on the summit of the ranges. Caryophyllacecs are only represented by Polycarpaea corymbosa, and Ebenaceae by Maba obovata, a small tree. Of Lobeliaceae we only found the common plant Pratia erecta, {Lobelia concohr, R. Br.) The Ranunculacece or Crow-foot family are rare in Queensland, and the only representative we found is Clematis microphylla or "Traveller's Joy" which covered the bushes with its slender twining branches. Verbenacece is represented by the common blue-flowered weed Verbena officinalis or " Vervain," and the beautiful flowering shrub Clerodendronjloribundum, which is here 742 BOTANY OF THE SPRINGSURE DISTRICT, mistaken for the "Bitter-bark" (Ahtonia constrictaj. Of Goodenovice we only found the pretty undershrub Goodenia grandi- flora, which is very common in the brushes ; and Scrophulariacece are represented by the rare little plant Striga curviflora, which I have only noticed at Rockhampton. Trichodesma zeylonica is the only plant of the Boraginacea we saw ; and of Nyctaginea, Boerhaavia mutabilis, a common weed, said to be an effectual remedy for measles. The Convolvulacece are plentiful in most parts of Queensland, but here we only found the creeping little plants Polymeria pusila and Convolvulus erubescens, and the ubiquitous Ipomcea pleleia, which bears small white flowers. Of the Chenopodiaceoe or Goose-foot family we saw the tall fragrant weed Chenopoclhon ambrosioides and C. auricomum or " Fat Hen," which is used as a culinary vegetable, also Salsola Kali " Salt- wort " or "Roily polly," and a species of Sclerolaena or Anisacantha which we had not seen before. This plant has the woolly heads of the former genus but the spines of the latter. The represen- tatives of the Amaranthacece are only common weeds, namely, Amarantlius macrocarpus, A. Blitum and Achyranthes aspera. Menispcrmacece are represented by the tall twiner Stcpkania hernandiaefolia, which we found at Minerva Creek ; Casuarinecz by Camarina glauca or " Scrub oak " ; Stackhousics by the pretty plant Stackhousia monogyna ; Santalacece by Santalum lanceolaturn, " Sandal- wood " ; and Commelynacece by the blue-flowered Com- melyna cyanea. Of Cucurbitacece we only saw the annual twiner Bryonia lacinosa, which bears large variegated berries. We only saw two representatives of the Folygonaceae or "Dock" family, namely, Meuhlenbechia Cunninghamii (the "wiry polygonum" of Australian explorers) and Rumex Brownii. Of Cyperaceae we noticed Scopus lacustris or "Bulrush" in wet places, and one or two species of Cyperus. Of Typhaceae the only species known in Australia are Typha angustifolia or "Reed Mace" and one species of Sparganium. The former is found near Springsure, and is common throughout Australia and Tasmania ; it is also BY P. A. o'sHANESY, F.L.S. 743 very common in the British Isles. We have not as yet noticed the Ci/cadaceae, of which we saw but one representative, namely, a species of Macrozamia, respecting which there is evidently some mistake. M. spiralis is mentioned in the Flora Australiensis as having been found at Springsure by Dr. Wuth, but the common one in that neighbourhood is evidently not that species, and most probably is the one mentioned from Springsure. The trunk of the Springsure plant attains at least a height of twelve feet, and is one foot thick ; leaves four to five feet long, the rachis flat, and one inch broad between the pinnse near the base, with a broad longitudinal furrow along the centre on both sides ; longest pinnae about the middle of the leaf twelve to fourteen inches long and more than half inch wide, narrowed at the base and tapering into fine, straight pungent points : the lower pinnse are much smaller, some not exceeding two or three inches in length. The upper scales of the male cones are large and thick, with rigid subulate points nearly two inches long ; the lower scales are smaller and rather flat. Fruiting cones much larger than the males, twelve to eighteen inches long, and four to six inches thick ; the apex of the scales nearly two inches broad, thick, and very convex, with rigid incurved points about one inch long, and decurrent along the centre of the scale on each side, forming raised angles or wings. The whole plant is apparently glabrous. This species is mistaken by horticulturists for M. Peroivshiana, ( Encephalartos Benisonii) from which however, it is entirely different, nor does it agree with any species described in the Flora Australiensis. The Gramineae or Grasses only remain to be noticed, and they are, at least to the Squatter and the Selector, by far the most interesting family of indigenous plants. "We found several species of excellent grasses on the downs, but those most highly prized for pasturage are Andropogon sericeus and A. pertusus. These are known by the name of Blue Grass, and are considered superior to the other grasses for fattening stock. A. refractus is IV 744 BOTANY OF THE SPR1NGSURE DISTRICT, a tall fragrant grass, but it is not relished by stock. It may- be recognised by its white, woolly seed-heads, and the seeds as it were broken downwards, from which this species derives its name. A. bombieinus is the most conspicuous grass in the district, b ut, like the preceding species, it is not at all relished by cattle, and it will be recognised by its long erect spikes of wool seeds. The " Spear-grass," Heteropogon contortus, is common on the downs, though not plentiful, and but for its destructive seeds is one of our best pasture grasses. Chrysopogon parviflorus is a pretty grass, and cattle are fond of it, but it is not plentiful in this district. Cenchrus australis affects moist banks, and is a very nutritious grass, but its long spile es of clinging seeds prevent cattle from feeding on it. We also noticed the two pretty little grasses Lapago racemosa and Perotis rara ; regarding the latter species I have noticed in the present dry season that goats will not eat it even in places where there are no other grasses. Pollinea fulva is a good perennial grass, and its long tawny spikes are very conspicuous among the other herbage. Panicum decom- positum and P. trachyraphis are excellent perennial grasses, and they yield a large quantity of forage ; the latter species is the prevailing grass on the downs. The tall perennial grass Ophiuris corymbosa is also common, but is not suitable for pasture ; it is the only species found in Australia. We found the tall orna- mental grass, Leptochloa subdigitata, near Wills' Station, and a species of Spinifex, probably S. Cunninghamii, on the summit of the ranges near Sj)ringsure, and these with Cynodon dactylon, u Couch Grass," Imperata arundinacea, Arundinella Nepalensis and two or throe species of Aristida make up our list of native grasses. When properly explored the Springsure mountains will evidently yield several other rare plants, aud a week would be profitably spent among them. BY P. A. o'sHANESY, F.L.S. 745 Note on Palmebia of the Monimiace^e. By the Eev. De. Woolls, D.D., P.L.S., &c. Since the publication of the fifth volume of our Flora, it has been ascertained that the straggling shrub, known as P. racemosa, (DC), occurs in the creeks near Lane Cove, and also in the gullies on the Blue Mountains. Only female flowers, and tho,se very small, have been found in the latter locality. Mr. Benth^tn in his note on P. racemosa, expresses an opinion that the specimens from the neighbourhood of Parramatta and also from the Blue Mountains may really belong to the Northern species P. scandens (P.v.M.). The principal mark of distinction between the two species is the number of stamens in the male flowers, P. scandens usually having only about 20, and P. racemosa 60 or more, whilst the foliage, inflorescence, and indumentum are pretty much the same. Within the last year, it has been found that Palmer ia extends to Illawarra, and from specimens which I forwarded to Baron F. von Mueller, that eminent Botanist inclines to the opinion that the two species must be united, as from an examin- ation of the male flowers, he finds that the Illawarra plant is intermediate in the number of the stamens. It would appear that Mr. Bentham had no opportunity of seeing the specimens of Baume and Huegel, and it was only from Tulasne's description (which represents P. racemosa as a tree !) that he inferred a real distinction between P. scandens and P. racemosa. Perhaps it may be premature to express a decided opinion, but it seems from the material now procured that the Palmeria ranging here and there form Eockingham Bay to Illawarra is in fact only one species. Species of Alsophila in New South "Wales. By the Eev. Db. Woolls, D.D., P.L.S., &c. There is great difficulty in distinguishing the species of Alsophila when seen only in dried specimens, and hence the late 746 SPECIES OF ALSOPHILA IN NEW SOUTH WALES, Sir "W". Hooker, as well as Mr. Benthain, has apparently reduced to one species the different forms indigenous in New South Wales. In the Species Filicum, Vol. I., A. australis, is the only one described, whilst, in the Flora Australiensis Vol. 7, Mr. Bentham remarks under his description of that species, "It is possible that the study of living specimens in their native stations may show characters for distinguishing more than one species, but, as far as known, the differences in the trunks do not correspond with the very indefinite differences in the fronds." The fact is that our species are more easily recognised by the nature of the caudex and the peculiarity of habit than by any technical description of the fronds, especially when represented by dried specimens only. Accurate observers, however, (such for instance as the late Mrs. Calvert and Sir William Macarthur) have uniformly given three species for New South Wales, and, strange to say, that opinion is confirmed by the Aboriginal natives, who, in the Southern parts of the Colony, speak of the three by the names " Beeow-wang" " Yarrah-ivali" and " Denn- nangue." And I may add, that, in Conservatories in the neigh- bourhood of Sydney, three distinct forms may be seen as repre- senting the Alsopliilas of the Colony. A. excelsa, is the most robust of the species and of rapid growth, but it seems doubtful, whether, in its typical character, it extends beyond Norfolk Island, where it is said to have attained the height of 80 feet. A. Loddigesii, (Kunge), which was established on some specimens procured at Cape Byron by Mr. C. Moore, seems to be regarded by Mr. Baker as a variety of A. australis, from which it differs by its shorter, broader segments, and fewer veins. Without reckoning these, I believe that A. australis (R. Br.), A. Leich- hardtiana (F.v.M.), and A. Cooperi (Hook.), are good species. The first is the most common, and occurs here and there from the Coast to the Blue Mountains, rising on Mount Tomah to 40 or 50 feet. The fronds are, for the most part, pale or glaucous on the under surface, and the rachis is rough or muricated. A. BY THE REV. DR. W00LLS, D.D., F.L.S. 747 Leichhardtiana is much more slender than A. australis, and differs from it in the dark purple colour of the raches, the lanceolate oblong, somewhat falcate form of the segments, which are sharply- serrated, especially at the apex, and the more forked character of the veins, whilst the base of the stipes is covered with long brown setaceous hairs. Sir "W. Macarthur speaks of this fern as a " very slender-growing species, the midribs of the fronds dark purple, and very spiny." A. Cooperi, which Mr. Bentham unites with A. australis, is principally known from Illawarra and the Kurrajong, growing in company with A. Leichhardtiana and Dichsonia antarctica, especially on the banks of creeks or gullies of the trap formation. Baron F. von Mueller has described this f ern in the Fragmenta Phytographice Australia: (Vol. 5, p. 117), and it is also described from specimens of Dr. Darra Moore in Hooker's Synopsis Filicum, p. 459. At Cabbage Tree Hollow on the Blue Mountains, A. Cooperi sometimes attains a height of 20 feet with a circumference of 8 or 9 inches. The caudex is not so stout as that of A. australis, nor are the fronds generally so large. It is well distinguished by the pale oval scars, caused by the annual f ailing off of the fronds, which is not the case in the allied species. The fronds are not so thick in texture as those of the the others, the raches are straw-coloured, much smoother than those of A. australis and A. Leichhardtiana, and the veins are usually more forked than in the former ; whilst (so far as I have observed on the Blue Mountains) the sori are larger and eventually cover nearly the whole of the under surface. Besides the oval scars of the caudex, which seem to mark this species and impart a peculiar character to it, the chaffy scales are remarkable. These, (intermixed with dark brown setaceous ones, clothe the raches of the younger fronds and are similar to those of A. excelsa. Sir W. Macarthur characterizes A. Cooperi as " a beautiful species, the stem cylindrical, the midribs of the fronds yellow and quite smooth." There may be some difficulty in distinguishing some of its fronds from those of the allied species, as they appear in 748 DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF APSEUDES, herbaria ; but the oval scars of the caudex and the chaffy scales of the rachis, as they appear in living specimens, must entitle it to be regarded as a distinct species. Description of a New Species of Apseudes. [Plate VI.] By William A. Haswell, M.A., B.Sc. Apseudes obtusifroas. Head as long as the two following segments, crossed by oblique grooves in the form of an X ; rostrum short, rounded. Pleon as long as the four last segments of the pereion, ciliate at the sides, the last segment short, its apex bifid. Upper antennae with the peduncle very stout, first segment nearly as long as the head, second segment about a third of the length of the first, third segment small; flagellum shorter than the peduncle, with nine segments ; secondary flagellum with six segments. Outer antenna? rather longer than the peduncle of the inner ; basal and second joints of the peduncle thicker than the rest, each with a small ovate, ciliated process ; third and fourth joints very small, fifth greatly elongated; flagellum with six segments. Mandibles with the palp short, uniarticulate. Maxillipedes richly ciliated internally. First pair of legs with the propodos oval, produced below into a finger which has two low tubercles at its base ; both carpus and propodos thickly clothed with long slender hairs. Second pair of thoracic limbs expanded and foliaceous ; carpus with two short stout spines on its outer border ; propodos with four longer spines on its outer border and another internal to the insertion of the dactylos ; dactylos taking the form of an ovate plate, closely fringed terminally with fine hairs. Third and fourth pairs of thoracic appendages similar, with the propodos rather short, the dactylos long and very slender ; fifth and sixth pairs with the propodos longer, armed with straight seta) ; dactylos BY W. A. HASWELL, M.A., B.Sc. 749 very small, penicillate ; last pair smaller than the rest. Inner flagelluni of caudal appendage with 17 joints ; outer very short, two jointed. Length fths inch. Hah. Port Jackson (dredged on a sandy bottom). Explanation of Plate VI. Pig. 1. Ajjscudes ohtusifrons x 8. 2. Upper antennae x 22. 3. Lower antennae X 22. 4. First pair of thoracic limbs x 22. 5. Second pair X 22. 5'. Extremity of the same X 44. 6. Third pair of thoracic limbs X 22. 7. Eifth pair x 22. 8. Caudal appendages X 44. NOTES AND EXHIBITS. The Honble. William Macleay exhibited a large specimen (about six iuches in diameter) of Mylitta australis a fungus of the Truffle family, generally known under the name of " Native bread." He stated that the specimen had been dug up on the Blue Mountains by the Honble. James Norton, and he expressed a doubt as to its edible qualities, notwithstanding the name given to it. <» » WEDNESDAY, OCTOBEE 26th, 1881. The President, J. C. Cox, M.D., F.L.S., &c, in the Chair. MEMBERS ELECTED. Messrs. James Conway, Alexander Morton, Paul Fittel, Fredk. Williams, and the Honble. J. Malbon Thomson. 750 DESCRIPTION OF SOME NEW AUSTRALIAN DECAPODA, DONATIONS. Archives Neerlandaises des Sciences Naturelles Vol. 16, part 2. Journal of Conch ology for Dec. 1879 and Jan. 1881. On Fossil Chilostoniatous Bryozoa from South West Victoria, by A. W. Waters, F.G.S. papers read. Description of some New Species of Australian Decapoda. By William A. Haswell, M.A., B.Sc. 1. Paramithrax Coppingeri, sp. nov. Carapace armed in the middle line with four spines, the first two large and placed near one another on the middle of the gastric region ; the remaining two small, and situated near the posterior border ; between the two pairs, on the cardiac region a transversely-placed pair of divergent spines, the bases of which nearly meet in the middle line. Two prominent spines directed upwards, backwards, and outwards on each branchial region. Eostral cornua very long, slender, and slightly knobbed and incurved at the extremity. Upper orbital border with three straight, acute, spinous teeth, behind which are two post-orbital spines separated by deep fissures from one another and from the upper orbital border ; the posterior spine the larger, broad, compressed, and obliquely truncate. A prominent, sometimes sub-bifid tooth behind this on the border of the hepatic region. Basal joint of the external antenna) with a short tooth at the proximal end of its outer border, with a very prominent compressed tooth directed outwards at the distal end of the same border, and a third, somewhat smaller, directed downwards and forwards at the inner and distal angle ; flagellum longer than the cornua of the rostrum. Merus of chelipedes armed above with four compressed teeth of which that situated at the distal end is very prominent ; carpus with two denticulated crests. First pair of ambulatory legs a little longer than the chelipeds ; all the BY W, A. HASWELL, M.A., B.Sc. 751 ambulatory legs armed at the extremity of the merus with a long, slender, cylindrical spine which (like the spines of the carapace) is slightly knobbed at the apex. Length one inch. Port MoUe, Whitsunday Passage. (W.A.H., H.M.S. " Alert:' This species belongs to the same section of the genus as P. aculeatus, P. longispinus, P. spatulifer, P. acanthonotus, P. verru- cosipes, and P. hah mo ides ; its nearest ally being P. longispinus, De Haan, from which it is distinguished by having none of the supra-orbital spines recurved. In the structure of the antennary region it approaches Chlorinoides, mihi, but like the rest of the species mentioned has the ambulatory legs much shorter than in that genus. 2. Euxanthus maculatus, sp. n. Surface strongly embossed, the bosses prominent, rugose or punctate. Pront deflexed, bilobed. Supra-ciliary border very thick. Anterior half of antero-lateral border entire, posterior with three indistinct teeth. Chelipedes very rugose externally, hand with longitudinal rows of pits on it outer suface. Ambu- latory legs granular. Colour light red with darker blotches. Darnley Island, Torres Straits (Macleay Museum). 3. Carpilodes granulosus, sp. n. Carapace very broad, convex, strongly embossed anteriorly, covered with extremely minute granulations, and with a few scattered punctations, more numerous near the anterior and antero-lateral borders ; inter-lobular grooves well-marked ; proto- gastric lobes divided by a longitudinal groove ; epi-gastric lobes prominent, distinctly marked off from the proto-gastric ; naso- gastric prolonged to a point between the latter, the grooves defining it prolonged backwards to join the branchio-gastric groove ; gastric region well separated from the cardiac. Front four-lobed, the outer lobes very small. Antero-lateral borders divided into four teeth. Chelipedes' sub-equal, ornamented with 752 DESCRIPTION OF SOME NEW AUSTRALIAN DECAPOD A, a few scattered punctations. Carapace light brown with darker blotches ; fingers of the chelipedes of a dark brown, which is prolonged a little on the inner and outer surfaces of the propodos. Torres Straits (Macleay Museum). 4. Cycloxanthus punctatus, sp. n. Carapace with the regions well defined, ornamented with scattered punctations ; front very prominent, entire, deflexed ; antero-lateral borders forming a re-entering angle with the front, strongly arched, with four faintly-marked lobes. Chelipedes closely pitted externally, so as to appear reticulated. Ambulatory- legs compressed, ornamented with scattered punctations ; terminal joint with four longitudinal ribs or carinse. Parramatta Eiver (Macleay Museum). 5. Liomera maculata, sp. n. Carapace very wide, convex, smooth and shining, punctate close to the anterior border, the regions but faintly indicated. Front rather deeply incised, the lobes rounded. Antero-lateral margins with three obscure lobes, the last marked off behind by a short groove, and separated from the second by a longer and deeper groove. Internal angle of lower orbital border tooth- like. Hand with a few longitudinal rows of minute punctations on its outer surface ; fingers pointed. Ambulatory legs smooth and shining, the upper and lower borders of the terminal joint tomentose. Carapace and legs light cream colour, the former ornamented with numerous round red spots, and with three large more diffuse blotches on the anterior portion ; fingers light brown except at the base, which partakes of the general ground colour ; ambulatory legs each marked with two transverse bands of red. Endeavour Eiver (Macleay Museum). 6. Pilumnus Terrse-Reginse, sp. n. Carapace convex, ornamented with scattered stiffish hairs, a patch of small granulations on the mesobranchial regions, and a BY W. A. IIASWELL, M.A., B.Sc. 753 few others on the gastric region. Front rather deeply incised. Antero-lateral borders with three prominent, acute, spiniform teeth behind the orbital angle. Carpus of chelipedes with a few granules on the outer surface, more prominent on the smaller chelipede ; hand ornamented with numerous rounded granules externally, more prominent and pointed on the smaller hand ; a row of obscure granules on the lower border of the merus and hand of the smaller chelipede ; two or three obsolescent granules in the same position in the larger chelipede. Ambulatory legs with scattered stifnsh hairs. Length iV inch ; breadth xV. Colour reddish purple on the carapace ; light red on the legs ; fingers brown. Port Molle. . The nearest ally of this species appears to be P. purpureas, A. Milne-Edwards, from which it is mainly distinguished by having the granulations on the carapace always numerous and small, instead of few and large. 7. Pilumnus vestitus, sp. n. Allied to the preceding, and resembling it exactly in the form of the front and the arrangement of the lateral spines or teeth ; but distinguished from it by having the surface without distinct granules, and by having the tubercles of the chelipedes few in number and mostly spiniform. Carapace and legs covered with stiff yellow hairs. Surface of carapace mottled with red or purple. Fingers dark brown. Length rV inch ; breadth \\. Port Jackson ; Port Stephens. 8. Caphyra octodentata, sp. n. Carapace colourless, thin, smooth, and shining. Front notched mesially, divided into four pairs of teeth, of which one occupies the internal orbital angles, and is separated from the inner three by wide angular fissures. Antero-lateral borders with four 754 DESCRIPTION OF SOME NEW AUSTRALIAN DECAPOD A, acute teeth ; a very obscure raised Hue crossing the carapace inwards and slightly backwards from the last tooth. Merus of chelipedes with three or four small acute teeth on its inner border ; carpus with an acute prominent spine above ; propodos carinated above, the carina divided into two teeth, of which the posterior is very acute ; external surface of the propodos with an acute spine at its base. Palm Island (East coast of Queensland), (Macleay Museum). This species is allied to C. Icevis, A. Milne-Edwards, but differs from it in having only four teeth on each lateral border ; from C. rotund if rons, of the same author, it differs in having the front dentate, and from C. polita, Heller, in not having a ridge on the gastric region, besides other points. 9. Hymenosoma australe, sp. n. Carapace sub-orbiculate, the length (exclusive of the rostrum) a little less than the greatest breadth. Eostrum prominent, deflexed, its upper surface concave from side to side, bordered laterally by a raised ridge, which terminates near the extremity in a slight enlargment ; extremity in the form of an obtuse angle. Lateral borders of the carapace with two obscure teeth. Chelipedes of the male extremely large ; propodos dilated, smooth, rather sharp-edged below ; fingers gaping at the base. Chelipedes of female small ; hand not dilated ; fingers straight. Length \ in. Williamstown, Port Philip. 10. Phlyxia Petleyi, sp. n. Carapace rhomboidal, in general outline similar to that of P. lambriformis. Eront emarginate ; antero-lateral borders with three conical teeth, the first rather larger than the others, a fourth smaller tooth at the junction of the antero-lateral and postero- lateral borders ; postero-lateral border with three compressed conical teeth ; three prominent, sub-equal, conical teeth behind, BY W. A. HASWELL, M.A., B.Sc. 755 the mesial tooth, situated above the other two, the latter situated immediately above the insertion of the abdomen. Upper surface closely granulated, a broad smooth longitudinal riclge on the gastric region, followed by a row of three conical tubercles ; on either side of the posterior portion of the mesial ridge, an ovoid tubercular eminence, with the long axis longitudinal ; branchial region with a few small tubercles. Arm, carpus, and propodos closely granulated, the granules on the first coarser than those on the two last ; dactyli finely toothed, incurved at their points. Abdomen (female) covered with flat granules, a small tooth in the middle of the distal border of the composite segment. Port Molle (Whitsunday Passage), fourteen fathoms. A second, smaller, male specimen from the same locality, differs from this mainly in having the upper surface of the carapace free from granulations. 11. Dromia australiensis, sp. n. Carapace longer than broad, evenly convex above, covered, together with the under-surface and limbs, with adpressed hairs. Front strongly deflexed, three-toothed, the mesial tooth small, rounded, directed downwards, not visible when the carapace is viewed from above, the lateral teeth more prominent, obtuse. Upper orbital margin very prominent, forming a rounded lobe ; infra-orbital tooth prominent, conical. Antero -lateral border convex, with three teeth, the first of which is the largest, while the other two are sub-equal and rudimentary ; a small tooth behind the cervical groove. Chelipedes slightly nodose. Length 1 inch; breadth H inch. Port Denison ; Port Jackson. 12. -Dromia octodentata, sp. n. Carapace broader than long, evenly convex, shining, ornamented with numerous minute pores. Frontal teeth sub-equal, conical, the middle one directed downwards, a conical tooth about the 756 DESCRIPTION OF SOME NEW AUSTRALIAN DECAPODA, middle of the upper orbital margin ; infra-orbital tooth rather prominent. Antero-lateral border with f^)ur small conical teeth, the first separated by a short interval from the external orbital angle, and by a nearly equal distance from the second ; third small, separated from the second by about twice the distance which separates the first two; fourth larger than the third, separated from it by an interval similar to that between the first and second ; a little in front of the third tooth is a low rounded tubercle. An acute tooth immediately behind the cervical suture. An acute tooth at the distal end of the upper border of the carpus ; hand with a row of about half-a-dozen granules above. Length H in. in. ; breadth If in. Adelaide (Australian Museum). 13. Dromia sculpta, sp. n. Carapace about as broad as long, ornamented, as well as the limbs, with numerous rounded granules, but free from conspicuous hairs ; gastric and anterior branchial and hepatic regions very prominent, tuberculated, each of the tubercles capped with a group of granules. Front very prominent, with three teeth, of which the mesial is the smallest, is triangular and sub-acute, directed slightly downwards, but quite visible when the carapace is viewed from above ; lateral teeth each with an accessory denticle on its outer border (representing the supra-orbital tooth). External orbital and infra-orbital teeth rudimentary. Carpus of chelipedes with two prominent conical spines near the distal end of its upper surface ; three similar spines or teeth on the upper surface of the hand, two close above the insertion of the daetylus, the third at the proximal end. Merus, carpus, and propodos of ambulatory limbs ornamented with a few short blunt spines or tubercles, and with a few scattered, short, hooked hairs. Segments of the abdomen (except the last) each ornamented with four compressed tubercles. Length of carapace & in. Port Jackson, in a few fathoms of water ; Port Stephens. BY W. A. HASWELL, M.A., B.Sc. 757 14. Droniia conchifera, sp. n. Carapace longer than broad, nearly flat above, very slightly convex. Lateral borders entire with the exception of a small tooth situated some distance in front of the transverse groove, and separating a convex antero-lateral portion from a longer postero-lateral portion, which is slightly concave in front and slightly convex posteriorly. Front tridentate, bordered with minute granules, the mesial tooth excessively minute, the lateral teeth dorso-ventrally compressed, triangular, acute ; well developed supra-orbital and infra-orbital teeth. Under surface of the body and limbs rather closely covered with granules. Carpus of chelipedes with a prominent conical projection on its outer surface, and a smaller one internal to the first ; hand ornamented with longitudinal rows of granules, two rounded tubercles above the insertion of the dactylus. Carpus of ambu- latory limbs, except the last, each with a small conical tooth ; fourth pair shorter than the third, but very stout, the carpus broad and thick with a deeply excavated " palm," bounded by a stout conical tooth set a right angles to the axis of the joint ; dactylus very powerful, strongly curved, rather longer than the propodos. Whole surface covered with a short close green pubescence ; dactyli and granules tinged with crimson. Length fi in. ; breadth § in. Port Denison, five fathoms ; Port Molle, fifteen fathoms. This species has the curious habit of protecting itself with the valve of a lamellibranch, which it holds tight over its back by means of its unusually powerful and specially adapted fourth pair of ambulatory legs. 15. Petrolisthes inermis, sp. n. Carapace longer than broad, rather flat above, obscurely lineolate behind and at the sides. Front rather prominent} triangular, with a deep longitudinal mesial furrow. Anterior 758 DESCRIPTION OF SOME NEW AUSTRALIAN DECAPODA, legs rather depressed, the carpus as long as the carapace, its anterior border acute, with a low tooth near its proximal end, its posterior border with two teeth, the second at the distal end, the first near it. Ambulatory legs transversely lineolate, free from teeth or spines. Length iV in. ; breadth J in. Port Denison (Mr. Ales. Morton). 16. Porcellana pulchella, sp. n. Carapace oval in outline ; surface very obscurely lineolate ; lateral margins entire. Front broad, nearly straight, but with a very obscure mesial lobe ; inner orbital angles very sHghtly projecting. Chelipedes large, the right the larger ; carpus strongly tuberculated above, armed with two conical teeth inter- nally ; propodos ornamented externally with four longitudinal ridges, strongly tuberculated in the smaller chelipede, nearly smooth in the larger, and separated by deep sulci. Ambulatory legs with a few obscure granules above. Length of carapace £ in. Colour cream colour, with six rounded orange spots on the carapace, and others on the chelipedes and ambulatory limbs. Holborn Island, twenty fathoms ; Port Molle. This species is allied to P. sculpta, Milne-Edwards, but differs from it in having two teeth on the anterior border of the carpus; from P. pisum it is distinguished by the possession of the flat tubercles on the carpus, and the longitudinal sulci on the propodos. 17. Porcellana nitida, sp. n. Carapace a little longer than broad, closely lineolate. Front prominent, trilobed, the central lobe much larger than the others, triangular, the lateral lobes very small ; two acute teeth behind the orbit, and a rounded lobe on the lateral border a little further back. Carpus of chelipedes a little longer than broad, smooth, with a sharp entire internal crest ; propodos smooth, narrow ; fingers hooked and crossing one another at the tips. Length \ in. Port Denison, five fathoms. BY W. A. HASWELL, M.A., B.Sc. 759 18. Porcellana vigintispinosa, sp. n. Carapace faiutly lineolate ; front trilobed, the middle lobe sub-acute, more prominent than the lateral, which are obscure ; four minute acute spiniform teeth on the lateral border just behind the eye, the last of the four the largest ; further back and separated by an interval from these are sis more acute teeth, the first three very small, the last three larger. Left chelipede larger than the right ; merits strongly crested internally, the crest armed with one or two obscure denticles ; carpus with a sharp crest, divided into three teeth in its proximal portion, entire in its distal portion ; propodos rounded, smooth. Length tV in. Holborn Island, twenty fathoms (Mr. Alex. Morton). 19. Porcellana corallicola, sp. n. Carapace slightly tuberculated at the sides ; the regions well marked. Front not prominent, triangular, with a deep longitu- dinal mesial furrow, its anterior border ornamented with minute denticles which are sometimes acute, sometimes obtuse. Lateral borders with four or five minute spine-like denticles situated about the middle of the branchial region. Carpus and propodos of chelipedes fringed externally with hairs, flat above, curved below ; internal and external borders of carpus armed with a row of acute denticles ; upper surface with three longitudinal rows of granules separated by sulci ; hand compressed, triangular, with rows of granules ; fingers compressed, granular, their inner borders nearly straight, their apices scarcely hooked. Length ye- in. Port Molle, on coral reefs. 20. Porcellana transversa, sp. n. Carapace much broader than long, nearly smooth, lineolate behind, the regions faintly defined ; protogastric lobes prominent. 1 W 760 DESCRIPTION OF SOME NEW AUSTRALIAN DECAPODA, Front not prominent, nearly straight ; lateral margins entire, scarcely crested. Merus of chelipedes transversely lineolate, hairy ; carpus one and a half times as long as broad, fringed with hairs on its inner border, which projects in the form of a crest, nearly smooth above ; propodos thickly clothed with hairs externally, a longitudinal granular line at its lower border, running to the end of the immobile finger, which has a conical tooth at the base of its cutting edge, and is strongly hooked at its apex ; mobile finger with a granular hairy ridge above, a slight conical tooth at the base of its cutting edge, and with the apex strongly hooked and acute. Length iV in. ; breadth iV in. Bowen; found by Mr. Alex. Morton in the siphons of an Asperg ilium. 21. Calcinus temo-reginre, sp. n. Surface of carapace and limbs ornamented with scattered punctations. Eyes slender, longer than the front of the carapace ; basal scale slender. Left chelipede somewhat swollen, smooth ; hand with a row of small granules below ; fingers widely gaping, obscurely toothed internally. Eight chelipede with the carpus and hand compressed, slightly granulate externally, and with a few scattered hairs; hand strongly cristate above, the crest divided into five strong teeth ; mobile finger with three or four small teeth above. Carpus of the second and third legs with a minute acute spine at the distal end of its upper border. Ambu- latory legs with a few scattered fasciculi of hairs. In specimens preserved in spirits the chelipedes (with the exception of the fingers and the carpus of the ambulatory legs) are green ; the fingers are colourless ; the propodos of the ambulatory legs is light dull red ; the basal portion of the dactylus dark purple, the distal portion light yellow with a black tip. The rest of the surface is washed with light brown and olive. Length about one inch. Claremont Islands, Queensland Coast, on coral reef. BY W. A. IIASWELI,, M.A., B.Sc. 761 22. Galathea corallicola, sp. n. Nearly allied to G. amtraliensis ; distinguished from it by the absence of the spines on the gastric region, by having the frontal region rather narrow, the eyes longer, and the hands both longer and broader and with very few spines. In some specimens the hands are broader than in others, and the fingers gape widely. Length about h in. Port Molle, Queensland, under blocks of dead coral between tide marks. 23. Galathea magnifica, sp. n. Carapace and rostrum nearly as in G. corallicola, but the latter relatively shorter. Eyes more prominent than in G. corallicola, but not so thick. Chelipedes very small, about §rds of the length of the body, slender ; fingers not gaping. Length £ in. Colour bright red, with a brilliant purple stripe down the centre of the carapace ; legs ornamented with transverse bands of darker red and purple ; fingers dark reddish brown, yellow at the tips. A number of specimens of this remarkable species were obtained with the dredge in a depth of about twenty-five fathoms, off Broughton Islands, near Port Stephens. 24. Galathea aculeata, sp. n. Allied to G. corallicola in the form of the carapace and rostrum, but with the central spine of the latter very long, projecting far beyond the others. Chelipedes longer than the body, with few spines, the propodos short and narrow, the fingers not gaping. Length J in. Holborn Island, twenty fathoms ; Port Molle, fourteen fathoms. 25. Galathea deflexifrons, sp. n. Closely allied to G. clegans, distinguished from it only by having the rostrum distinctly deflexed, and the denticle on its borders almost obsolete. Colour dark purple. Albany Passage, among Comatulids. 762 DESCRIPTION OF SOME NEW AUSTRALIAN DECAPODA, 26. Gretna spinifrons, sp. n. Front divided into three parts by two deep lateral longitudinal grooves, which extend on the upper surface of the carapace, becoming shallower posteriorly and bending slightly outwards ; the mesial portion of the front much more prominent than the lateral portions, and forming a triangular rostrum with a narrow mesial longitudinal groove above ; lateral portions each with two small acute teeth below near their extremity ; cephalic region of the carapace marked with numerous transverse scabrous lines beset with hairs; anterior border, below the lateral frontal process, and behind the base of the antenna?, with three prominent acute spines ; two others on the outer portion of the antennary sternum ; three smaller close together in a longitudinal row on the hepatic region parallel with and close below the lateral border ; and a row of 2-10 others bordering the lateral portions of the cervical groove behind. First three pairs of legs having the merus armed below with a variable number of acute spines ; first pair also armed with a row of spines on the upper border of the propodos and carpus, and a single spine on the upper border of the merus near the distal extremity ; second pair with a single spine on the upper border of the carpus, and two near the distal end of the upper border of the merus. Length 3 in. Port Stephens, eight fathoms. 27. Alpheus Comatularum, sp. n. Carapace broad, somewhat depressed. Eostrum very long, one-third of the length of the carapace, slender and acute, con- tinued backwards over a third of the length of the carapace as an acute, prominent, arched crest. A prominent, acute supra- orbital spine more than one-third of the length of the rostrum. External antenna? with two acute spines at its base, the outer very large. Basal spine of internal antenna? long, acute. Pro- podos of large hand swollen, smooth ; immobile finger nearly straight, with a hairy protuberance at the base of its inner border; BY W. A. TIASWELL, M.A., B.Sc. 763 mobile finger compressed, slightly hooked at the end, with a large recurved tooth on its trenchant border at the base. Length 1£ in. Carapace with longitudinal stripes of brownish purple, with a narrow mesial white line, which is continued on the two first abdominal segments ; at the sides three short white markings. Abdomen with broad brownish purple and narrow white lines ; bases of antennao purple ; longitudinal stripes of purple on the ambulatory legs. Large hand marked with longitudinal lines of light brown, bordered by narrow darker bands. Dredged in a few fathoms of water in Albany Passage, near Cape York, Queensland, during the cruise of H.M.S. " Alert," in those waters. They were invariably found clinging to the arms of a species of Comatulid to which their markings gave them a general resemblance. Other commensals of these Comatulids were Galathea deflexifrons, and an undescribed species of Cymothoid the latter usually esconcing itself in the stomach of its host, its head projecting out of the mouth. Description of a supposed New Species of Bat from the interior of new south wales. By E. P. Bamsay, F.L.S., &c, &c. Mr. fSapalotis ?) Tompsoni, sp. nov. General colour above, light grey, with a fulvescent tinge, pencilled with black from the forehead to the tail ; face grey, whiskers long, black, the lower hairs nearest the angle of the mouth white ; ears naked, (under the lens clothed with minute greyish short hairs) ; down the back and sides the fur is mixed with long black hairs, which gives a rather harsh feeling when touched; from the throat to the belly and inside of the legs and arms to the root of the tail, the fur is softer and quite white ; the 764 ON A NEW SPECIES OF EAT, outer sides of the arms and legs are greyish with a very slight f ulvescent tinge, which tint extends also slightly on the cheeks ; the basal portion of the fur is slate colour on the back and sides, also on the outer parts of the arms and legs ; hands rather small, grey above ; the arms white below ; hind foot and toes white ; tail blackish, scales very conspicuous, the hairs short, flat and black, not in any way hiding the scales. Total length of body 6-8 ; length of the head 1-65, width at base of the ears 0-75, width between the eyes 0-3; hand and fingers 0-65 ; forearm in the flesh 1 inch ; hind foot and toes 1*3 ; tibia and fibula in the flesh 1-5 ; tail 7-7 ; from snout to centre of eye 0*8, from snout to base of the ear 1-5 ; from centre of eye to ear 0-65 ; length of the ear (fig. 1, a. to b.) 0-85, greatest width (fig. 1, c. to d.) 0-5 ; length of free portion of the upper incisors 0*25, length of free portion of lower incisors 0-4. This species comes near Hapalotis arboricola and H. murinus, but is much larger than the latter, and has the tail very much longer, the ears are rounded and apparently naked ; it may be distinguished from H. arboricola by having the whole of the fur on the under surface silky white, and by being more rufescent above. The ears are proportionately small for a Hapalotis, and the naked tail and longer snout give it more of a Murine appear- ence. The teeth cannot be examined without dissecting ; here- after when more specimens are obtained I may have an oppor- tunity of making some notes on its dentition. Sex female. This specimen was one of a colony which had taken up their abode in an old house at Waterview near Wagga, N.S.W., and was forwarded to the Hon. "William Macleay, by F. A. Tompson Esq., after whom I have the pleasure of naming it. I was at first inclined to refer this animal to Hapalotis murinus, of Mr. Gould, but on reference to his plate and description in the Mammals of Australia, Vol. III., pi. 7, I find certain differences there, which if correct, will warrant its separation from that BY E. P. RAMSAY, F.L.S., ETC. 765 species. I regret we have no specimen of Gould's Hapalotis murinus to compare with it. The wood cuts show in — Fig. 1 . The pinna of the Ear. ,, 2. The under surface of the hand. „ 3. The under surface of the foot. (Type in the Macleay Museum.) Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Plants of New South Wales — No. V. By the Eev. Dr. Woolls, D.D., F.L.S., &c. We are now to review the Monochlamydece, including Sub-class III. and also theGymnospermcs, Sub-class IV., which extend from Yol. V., p. 142, to Vol. VI., p. 255 of the Flora Australie)isis, thus concluding the grand division of monocotyledonous plants. The species are not so numerous as those of the llonopetala, but the sub-classes are remarkable as containing plants with only one, or, in the case of the Gynmospermce, without any floral envelope, amongst the former of which many of the Protectees are peculiarly Australian. According to the species yet recorded for the three colonies, the following is the result, though there can be but 766 PLANTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES, little doubt that the numbers for Queensland will be increased, as the scrubs are more carefully examined. Orders. Genera. Species. Queensland 21 126 377 New South Wales 19 112 392 Victoria 16 61 197 It appears, so far as yet observed, that the Paronychiacecc and Cupuliferce do not extend to Queensland, no do the Myristicecc, Elcagnacecc, Ncpenthacm, and Balanophorece to New South Wales, whilst Victoria is not only deficient of the last mentioned orders, but also of the Piper acece, Aristolochiacea and Cycadece. The species of Proteacecs attain their maximum in New South Wales, being more than double the number recorded for Queensland or Victoria respectively ; but the AmarantacecB, Monimiacece, BaurinecB Thy melees, Euphorbiacece, and TJrticem are far more plentiful in Queensland, than in New South Wales or Victoria. One of the most important orders of this division is that of the Chenopodiacece, so highly prized in many parts of the interior for the plants called " Salt-bushes," including species of Rhagodia, Atriplex, Kocliia, &c. The genera are nearly equal in the Eastern colonies but the species are more numerous in New South Wales. In his recent work on the " Native Plants of Victoria" Baron F. von Mueller, has described 49 species as indigenous in Victoria, whilst those of New South Wales are supposed to be nearly 70. Of the nine Australian genera of AmarantacecB, 8 are represented in Queensland, 6 in New South Wales, and 4 in Victoria, whilst the species of Polygonacece are nearly equal in the three colonies. The Nutmeg family is limited to a solitary species in Queensland. Of the Monimiacece, Boryphora sassafras is peculiar to New South Wales ; Atherosperma moschatum is common to New South Wales, Victoria, and Tasmania ; and the species of Mollinedia and Kibara are for the most part limited to Queensland. Since the publica- tion of Vol. V, of our Flora, flowering specimens of Palmeria BY THE REV. DR. WQOLLS, D.D., F.L.S. 767 racemosa have been found at the Kurrajong, but specimens recently discovered near Bulli by the Eev. T. V. Alkin, M.A., seem to connect that species with the northern P. scandens. The only plants of the Zaurinece indigenous in Victoria are the leafless and parasitical Cassythce, but the species of the order become more important in the Northern parts of New South Wales and Queensland, where they appear as trees and are known for their timber, as well as for their medicinal properties. There is a true Cinnamon in Northern Queensland ( Cinnamomum TamalaJ* and according to the recent arrangement, the genus Tetranthera is now limited to Queensland, R. Brown's T. dealbata being referred to Zitscea. Of the 29 genera of the Proteacece, 21 occur in Eastern Australia as Adenanthos, Stirling ia, Synaphea, Franlclandia, Bellendena, Agastachys, Cenarrhenes, and Dryandra, are for the most part indigenous in Western Australia and Tasmania. The Proteacece are known principally in Australia and South Africa, but whilst species occur here and there in New Caledonia, the Oriental Archipelago, Asia, and Japan, Guevina avellana, or the Evergreen Hazel-tree of Chili, extends from middle Chili to Chonos Archi- pelagus (see Baron Mueller's " Select Extra-tropical plants "). This order is one of those which impresses a distinct feature on Australian Vegetation, and includes in its genera humble plants and trees of considerable size, some of which are valued for their timber, edible fruits, and industrial products. It is remarkable that the genus Dryandra with its 47 species is endemic in Western Australia, being similar in many respects to Banhsia, but differ- ing in having the flowers sessile in an involucre of numerous imbricate scale-like bracts. The Thymehce are represented bv about 20 species in the three colonies ; but, whilst in Victoria the Euphorbiacetx number 22 species ("Plant* of Victoria, E.v.M.), *By a recent arrangement this jjlant is now connected with Pherosphccra, which some regard as a sub-genus of Dacri/dium. 768 PLANTS OF NEW SOTJTH WALES, and in New South Wales bet-ween 60 and 70, those of Queensland are above 100. This order, indeed, is usually more abundant in tropical and semi-tropical countries, and it is found to diminish in numbers in more temperate regions, and very few ascending into alpine or cold climates (Bentham). All the large trees of the Euphorbiacece (with the exception of Phyllanthus Ferdinandi and Claoxylon australe) occur principally in the Northern parts of the Colony and. in Queensland, amongst which the poisonous Exccecaria Agallocha is the most to be dreaded on account of the injury which the juice does to the eyes. A similar remark, in reference to the size and number of the Urticece, may be made as that already applied to the Euphorbiacece ; for whilst in Victoria four genera are represented respectively by a single species (Plants of Victoria, F.v.M.), and New South Wales has scarcely 20 good species, the number in Queensland is nearly 50, includ- ing some trees of good size, as well as several gigantic species of Ficus. According to Baron Mueller F. scabra or aspera, extends through Eastern Australia and to Polynesia, whilst the Nettle- tree, in one form or other, occurs occasionally from Illawarra to Rockingham Bay. The order Casuarinece, which furnishes the trees popularly termed oaks, consists of a single genus, and the species do not exceed 7 in any of the Eastern Colonies, The occurrence of a Beech (Fagus MooreiJ in New South Wales is remarkable, and, being closely allied to F. Cunninghami, it seems to form another link between the Elora of Australia and Tasmania. Of the Santalacece, the Quandong (Fusanus acuminatusj does not extend to Queensland, but the "Native Currant" (Leptomeria acidaj and the " Native Cherry " (Exocarpus cupressiformisj are common to the three colonies. The Conifers of Australia consist of 1 1 genera and about 26 species, of which 4 only occur in Victoria, and 8 or 9 in New South Wales and Queensland. Araucaria Cunninghami and A. Bidwillii, Dammara robusta, and Podocarpus data are splendid trees, limited for the most part to Queensland BY THE REV. DR. WOOLLS, D.D., F.L.S. 769 and prized for the value of their timber. Bacrydium Franklinii which is a large tree rising from 60 to 100 feet, is peculiar to Tasmania, but Mr. E. D. Fitzgerald, F.L.S. has recently dis- covered that the genus is represented on the Blue Mountains by a small shrub described by Baron Mueller under the name of B. Fitzgeraldi (Fragmenta, Vol. II., p. 102). The discovery of this plant is highly interesting, as it affords an additional link between the Flora of Australia and New Zealand. The Cycadeae of Australia are confined to three genera and seven species, all of which, with the exception of Macrozamia Fraseri, are found in Queensland. The order does not extend to Victoria. Of the introduced plants of the Monochlaniydere the following have been recorded : Phytolacca octandra, (Linn.) Rumex acetosella (Linn.) Chenopodium murale, (Linn.) Polygonum aviculare (Linn.) ,, ambrosioides (Linn.) ,, orientate (Linn.) Atriplex patula (Linn.) Cuscuta epithymum (Willd.) Amarantus paniculatus, (Linn.) Euphorbia peplus (Linn.) ,, blitum (Linn.) Ricinus communis (Linn.) ,, viridis (Linn.) TJrtica dioica (Linn.) Rumex crispus (Linn.) ,, urcns (Linn.) ,, conglomeratus (Mur.) Cannabis sativa (Willd.) In concluding my review of the Dicotyledonous plants of New South Wales, it would appear that the indigenous species are nearly 2,000, whilst those which have been introduced accidentally a»e about 115. I am well aware that this estimate is far from being correct, and that the progress of cultivation is gradually encroaching on our native vegetation. Baron Mueller, in his admirable volume on " The Native Plants of Victoria," omits any enumeration of introduced plants, because he remarks " not only would it be difficult to affirm, where the annually increasing number of these kind of hospitants or invaders or garden fugitives was to end in any enumeration of the vegetation of our prolific 770 POPULAB NOMENCLATURE clime, but the arbitrary admission of any of them would also disturb an unimpaired view over the purely native flora." Whilst, however, the Baron has designedly omitted this subject, we may gather from the volumes of the Flora Australiensis, (in which in conjunction with Mr. Bentham he has expressed his views in reference to many plants of doubtful origin,) a list of of the principal species unknown at Port Jackson in the early days of the colony. No one is better qualified than the Baron to form a correct opinion of the matter, or to give an approximate estimate of the plants peculiar to the Australian Colonies, for his personal researches in the field have extended over a considerable portion of the continent for thirty-four years. I hope, therefore, that when he has completed his survey of Victorian plants, he will discuss in an elaborate manner the topics which I have been briefly considering in these papers. Popular Nomenclature. By the Eev. Dr. Woolls, D.D., F.L.S. People sometimes make themselves merry with Botanical names, and no doubt they have some reason for merriment, for, as Professor Lindley remarks, "It is full time, indeed, that some stop should be put to this torrent of savage sounds, when we find such words as Calucechinus, Ovsigenesa, Finaustrina, Krasclien- ninikovia, Gravenhorstia, Anclrzejofshja, &c, thrust into the records of Botany." Now in order to remedy this evil, the popular idea is to adopt short names in the vernacular, and to give up scientific names altogether. This seems very feasible to persons who have not considered the subject, for they forget that the popular names of one district are not those of another, and that unsatisfactory as some scientific names are, they are, nevertheless, necessary, for the world at large. Whilst, therefore, care should be taken to abbreviate and render euphonious the nomenclature of science, BY THE REY. DR. W00LLS, F.L.S. 771 it by no means follows that such can be abandoned altogether. English names are very suitable for English-speaking people, but they convey no idea to foreigners, who do not understand the English language. As a vehicle, therefore, for educated persons in all parts of the world, no language can be more suitable than Latin or Greek ; whilst it may be admitted that popular names for genera and species, wherever such can be adopted for particular countries or districts, are not without their use. In the old countries of Europe, plants for the most part have common as well as scientific names, and uneducated people find no difficulty in distinguishing such species as are useful for economical or medicinal purposes. This, however, is not the case in Australia, for the'early settlers, who imposed popular names' on indigenous shrubs and trees, did not exercise much discretion. Hence it often happens that persons who now desire to acquire some knowledge of Australian Plants without referring to scientific works, are led astray by the sound of European terms with which, perhaps, they have been familiar in other countries. In one of our largest and most important genera, this is certainly the case. Many species of Eucalypts are called " Gum-trees" ; but, surely,, if any native trees deserve the name, it should be those species of Acacia which produce the substance similar to that called Gum-arabic, and not those, which the Pharmacopoeia recognises for the excellency of their kino. Whilst Eucalypts, therefore, are wrongly named "Gum-trees," some species of Acacia, which really are such, have now acquired the appellation of "Wattles. In the early days of the colony, as Don states, Callicoma serratifolia, was the Black Wattle, being probably so called, because it abounded where Sydney now stands and was used in the construction of rude buildings, but now the terms Black and Green Wattle are applied almost universally to the two varieties of Acacia decurrens, which, in many respects, resemble each other, but flower at different seasons. Then, again there are our "Apple trees (AngoplwraJ, so called, one would 772 POPULAR NOMENCLATURE, think, because they do not resemble the European Apple either in foliage or fruit ! Nor are the terms " Gum-trees " and " Apple- trees " less appropriate than such as " Honey-suckle," " Native Tulip," "Native Eose," " Native Hops," "Native Tobacco," " Native Cherry," " Native Peach," " Native Orange " &c. which are applied to Banhsia, Tehpea, Boronia, Dodoncea, Humea, Exoca/rpm, Omnia, Capparis &c. Seeing, then, that such names are calculated to mislead, what is to be done in the way of nomenclature ? Are we to assist in perpetuating an erroneous method of distinguishing species? Or should we strive by the abbreviation of scientific names, or the use of native names whenever practicable, to render the study of native plants easy to the uninitiated ? As a general rule, I believe, it would be advantageous to discourage, as far as possible, the use of popular terms. Many of them are without meaning, and many are calculated to convey a wrong impression. Thus for instance the terms "Honey-suckle" and "Tulip " are applied to species of the Proteacese ; " Gum-trees " and "Apple-trees" to those of the Myrtaceae ; " Eose," " Hops," and " Tobacco " to the Eutacese, Sapinclaceae, and Compositse ; and "Cherry," "Peach," and "Orange" to the Santalacea), Meliaceae, and Capparidea;. It is evident, therefore, that such names are mischievous, so far as the pursuit of Botany is concerned, for they teach persons to associate species with families with which they have no relation. Baron F. von Mueller, who has paid more attention to the study of our Eucalypts than any one in these Colonies, is of opinion that all the popular names should be set aside, for it has been found that the Bed Gum of one district is an Angophora, and of another an Eucalypt, whilst the names Blue, White, Grey, and Spotted Gums are applied indifferently to several species. Mr. Bentham in describing from dried specimens forwarded to him from Australia, was often perplexed by local names, and although he laid down a system of classification which is being successfully followed by Baron Mueller, ho seemed almost to despair of BY THE REV. DR. "WOOLLS, D.D., F.L.S. 773 reconciling it with the notes of collectors. "Within the last few years, the study of native plants has become more popular than it was, and it is to be hoped, that, as the subject is more generally pursued, many of Eobert Brown's names, which are singularly appropriate, will come into use amongst educated people. That eminent Botanist was the first to give " a local habitation and a name " to the principal genera about Port Jackson, and whilst some names bring to the mind at once some peculiar character in the structure of plants there are others which are associated with naval, military, or scientific heroes ever to be remembered in the history of Australia. In conclusion I would remark, that, whilst I feel but little sympathy with such terms as those stigmatized by Lindley I feel still less with those which ignorance or folly has imposed. The one, indeed, may be modified and improved, so as to convey some definite meaning, but the other should be gradually discontinued as leading to misconception. Australian Octopodid/E. By James C. Cox, M.D., F.L.S., &o. In presenting for your consideration the following remarks, accompanied by a carefully compiled list of the species, and ample references to authors, of all the known animals which inhabit our coasts, of the Family Octopoclidce, I am actuated by the desire of directing, through the medium of our Society's Transactions, the greater attention of our resident naturalists to the study of this particular, although limited, branch of the naked cephalopods. The Octopods are unquestionably the most ^highly organized and the most remarkable of all the animals which constitute the great molluscan group : but from the many difficulties attendant on their capture, and after death in their preservation, they have 774 AUSTRALIAN OCTOP0DID.E, been the most neglected bj' collectors, and consequently are but very imperfectly known in regard to the number of genera and species, and to those variations caused by growth. The vast extent of the Australian coast, combined with its genial temperature, should, it is to be presumed, prove prolific in producing many new and distinct forms of this peculiar family; hitherto but a few species have been determined, and even of these the descriptions are scattered either among those costly works which are occasionally issued at the expense of Governments or cf Societies, or are to be found distributed in the several records of the collections made during the passing visits to our shores of scientific Voyagers. Our Public Institutions are but ill supplied with works illus- trative of natural history, and, besides, they cannot afford that ready access for reference, so continually required for the accurate examination of the specimens. Our amateur naturalists, to whom we already owe so much for developing many portions of the fauna of our lands and seas, are consequently thus placed under great difficulties in carrying out critical investigations on a group so little known and so disregarded as the Australian Octopods. To supply this want, I give annexed a carefully compiled statement and descriptions, extracted from standard works, of all the species of those Octopods said to inhabit the Australian coasts, and likewise of those found on the shores of adjacent lands. To this enumeration will be added references to the plates which contain illustrations of these animals, and, more especially, will be furnished a condensed list of the principal synonyms, in order to afford a ready means for the adoption of the correct name of each individual according to recent nomen- clature. Should the subject of this paper bo deemed of sufficient importance to be admitted in our publication, my object in BY JAMES C. OOX, M.D., F.L.S., ETC. 775 writing would be thus brought prominently before the readers of the Society's Journal, and, then, by being freely distributed to those persons residing along our coasts, and interested in such pursuits, the compendium would supply the required essential information as to the known genera and species. In addition to this, I trust this production will stimulate into action naturalists and collectors by the reasonable hope of making new discoveries ; and by the laudable desire of confirming, or otherwise, by observation of the living animal, the accuracy of preceding researches. I firmly believe that some of the species are wrongly described, as has been shown by Professor Owen in the Trans- actions of the Zoological Society of London, June 1881, in the case of one of our common Octopods ; while others said to be different, are but one and the same ; so altered do the specimens become in size and in the entire loss of colour, by even a very short immersion in spirits. It is very necessary therefore, that careful notes should be made immediately after the capture of the animal in relation to its external appearances, its size, its colour, and in short, to all other features deemed of importance to the observer : also, if practi- cable, a coloured drawing, even if rough, taken before any detrimental change occurs, would be of the greatest advantage for characteristic determination. My friend the Hon. William Macleay possesses in his extensive and admirable Museum many specimens of Octopodidas collected, by him at various widely apart localities, stretching, I may say, from this port to New Guinea, during his voyage in theChevert : a voyage undertaken solely for the developement of the natural history of this region. These most interesting specimens will have to be made the subject of a future communication. There is at present in the course of publication an admirable and voluminous Manual of Conchology profusely illustrated by excellent coloured plates by Mr. George W. Tryon, Jun., Con- IX 776 AUSTRALIAN OCTOPODID^E, vervator of the Con chological section of the Academy of Natural Science of Philadelphia, U.S., of which the first volume, recenthy received, is wholly devoted to the consideration of all the known genera and species of the class Cephalopoda. To this carefully compiled monograph, the best indeed extant, I am greatly indebted for information which I could not otherwise have acquired regarding the Australian Octopods, and so impressed am I with the value of this manual, that I Avould strongly recom- mend our Public Institutions, and our professional and amateur Conchologists to possess themselves with copies fcr the classifi- cation of the Mollusca in their cabinets. In this treatise on the Cephalopods, Mr. Tryon follows, in part the synopsis, and system of arrangement of the species as originally proposed by the late Dr. J. E. Gray of the British Museum, and I shall imitate his example in the present paper. Early in 1849 Dr. Gray published on behalf of the Trustees his Synoptical Catalogue of the Cephalopoda and proposed a systematic arrangement of the species, paying great attention to the descriptions, measurements, and habitats of each. This Synopsis, although far from being perfect, is still the one usually followed, but its value as a guide is greatly depreciated by the absence of illustrations and by many of the descriptions being taken from animals preserved in spirits, rendering the recognition of species almost impossible. Dr. Gray in the prefatory remarks, states that the Monograph of the Cephalopoda by M. D'Orbigny and Baron Ferussac has been of great use to him during the compilation of the Catalogue. The splendid monograph mentioned by Dr. Gray, was published in Paris during the years 1835 to 1848, under the title, " Histoire Naturelle des Cophalopodes, vivant et Possiles," and will for ever stand as a monument to record the ability of these labourers in Science. The beautiful illustrations and the carefully executed scientific dissections of the various parts of tho animals must BY JAMES C. COX, M.D., F.L.S., ETC. 777 always make this work the basis on which dissertations on this class must depend. In the present paper I intend to confine my observations to the Octopodidoe, and principally .to those species found frequenting the coasts of this part of the southern hemisphere, leaving- the Decapoda for future consideration. Class CEPHALOPODA. Head large, distinct from the body : eyes complex, fixed or moveable : mouth with a pair of mandibles or beaks, acting vertically, like those of a parrot, edged with fleshy lips, and surrounded by a circle of arms. The sexes are always distinct. and in habits all are marine and predatory, existing on shell-fish, crabs, and fishes. Order 1. Dibranchiata, (Owen), Octopods, Argonauts, Cuttle-fish, squids, &c, &c. Breathing by a single pair of internal symmetrical, plume-like branchiae, or gills. Animal swimming, naked"''': eyes sessile, prominent : mandibles horny : arms eight or ten. provided with rows of acetabula, suckers, or cups : body round or elongated, frequently laterally or posteriorly finned : shell internal, horny or shelly, or none : ink gland always present. Order 2. TetrabrancMata, (Owen), Nautili, Ammonites, &., &c. Breathing by two pairs of internal symmetrical, plume-like branchiae, or gills. Animal creeping, protected by an external shell : eyes pedunculated : mandibles calcareous ; arms, or rather tentacles, very numerous, not furnished with acetabula, or suckers: body attacked to the shell : siphon an incomplete tube formed by the union of two lobes : shell external, many chambered, outer layer porcellanous, inner layer and partitions nacreous ; body chamber capacious in which the animal lives ; no ink gland. *The external shell of the Argonaut is simply the egg- nest of the female. 778 AUSTRALIAN OCTOPODILVE, Order 1. Bibranchiata. Sub-Order 1 . Octopoda. — Octopods, Argonauts, &c. Arms eight, sessile : no shell, but in lieu, with cartilaginous styles encysted in the substance of the mantle : eyes fixed, incapable of rotation. Sub-Order 2. Decapoda. — Cuttle-fish, Squids, &c. &c. Arms ten, of which eight are sessile and two, the longer ones, tentacular : shell, gladius, or pen, internal, horny or calcareous, so loosely suspended, as to fall out, when the bag which contained it is opened : eyes moveable in their orbits : body elongated, always with a pair of fins. Sub-Order 1. Octopoda. Littoral. Family I. 'OCTOPODID^. Arms elongated, subulate, more or less united at the base by a web : suckers sessile : no cephalic aquiferous pores : shell represented by two short styles, encysted in the substance of the mantle. Pelagic. Family II. TREMOCTOPIL^E, Suckers pedunculated : aquiferous pores on the back of the head. Family III. ARGON AUTIDiE. The two upper or dorsal arms of the female only expand into velamenta or broad webs at their extremity and secrete a sym- metrical involuted shell : cups slightly pedicelled : two aquiferous pores at the upper angle of the eye. Note. — The descriptions of Family IV. and subsequent ones are for the present deferred, as they relate to the Decapods. BY JAMES C. COX, M.D., F.L.S., ETC. 779 Family I. OCTOPODID^E. Synopsis of Genera. a. Arms with three rows of suckers. * Body not finned. Genus Tritaxeopus, Owen, T.L.S., London, pt. 5, Vol. xi., 1881. Body oval, rounded : arms long: suckers sessile. b. Arms with two rows of suckers. Genus Octopus, Cuvier. Body oval, rounded. Arms long: suckers sessile. 1st or 3rd right arm of male hectocotylized. Genus Cistopus, Gray. Similar to Octopus, but with a small aquiferous pore upon each web between the arms. Genus Scjeurgus, Troschel. Body oval : arms short : cups with narrowed bases : third left arm hectocotylized. ** Body finned. Genus Pinnoctopus, D'Orbigny. Body orbicular : arms long. c. Arms with a single row of suckers. * Not finned. Genus Eledone, Leach. Body rounded ; third right arm hectocotylized. Genus Bolit.exa, Steenstrup. More gelatinous than Eledone : suckers smaller, less developed. ** Finned. 780 AUSTRALIAN OCTOPODILVE, Genus Cirroteuthis, Eschricht. Body with two transverse medial fins : arms united by a web nearly to their tips. Family II. TEEMOCTOPIDJE. Genus Tremoctopus, Chiaje. Body rounded : two aquiferous pores in the neck : third right arm hectocotylized, fringed on the sides, and developed in a sack- like aperture on the side of the head. Genus Parasira, Steenstrup. Body rounded : head small ; no aquiferous pores : third right arm hectocotylized, not fringed, developed f rom a pedicelled sack. Male very different from the larger female. Genus Halipiiron, Steenstrup. Arm only known, with bell-shaped cups having lily-like borders. Family III. AEGONAUTID.E. Genus Argonauta, Linnaous. Characters those of the family. Third right arm hectocotylized. Family I. OCTOPODID/E. Genus Trttaxeopus, Owen. Synopsis of species. 1. The cups of the arms sub-equal, regular. A. The lower cups far apart, in one series. a. Body smooth, not bearded. b. Body smooth, bearded. c. Back slightly granular. d. Back granular, rough. B. The lower cups rather crowded. a. Body smooth, not bearded. BY JAMES C. COX; M.D., F.L.S., ETC. 781 b. Body smooth, bearded. c. Body minutely granular. d. Body granular, rough. 2. The cups of the dorsal pair of arms largest. 3. The seventh to the twentieth cups of the lateral (second and third) pairs of arms much larger than the rest. 4. Doubtful and apocryphal species. Note. — The dorsal arms are considered the first pair, the laterals the second and third pairs, and the ventrals the fourth pair ; they are numbered 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Cups in triple series. 1. Cups of the arms sub-equal, regular. A. The lower cups far apart, in a single series. a. Body smooth, not bearded. Arms 3, 2, 4,1. Tritaxcopus comutus, Owen, T.Z.S., London, Part 5, Vol. xi., p. 131, pi. 23. Body oval, warty, ' ' beset with scattered wart-like prominences chiefly on the dorsal aspect : and, of these, four or five of the largest affect a longitudinal disposition. The length of the third arm of the specimen, (a female) figured, is one foot eleven inches, that of the first being one foot two inches ; the second arm is but a little longer than the fourth ; the whole graduating in the special manner seen in Octopus vulgaris, of Lamarck fO. octopodia of Linneeus). The webs uniting the arms from the base to the middle of the free margin, is two and a,-half inches between the second and third arms, and one and a-half inch between the first and second arms." "The colour of the Tritaxcopus when undisturbed is a dullish pink, reflecting from parts of the "crown" a subviolate tint, but when irritated and alarmed it rapidly assumes tints varying from bluish-red to deep violet." 782 AUSTRALIAN OCTOPODIDJE, (i This," in respect of the three recognizable series of the cups along more or less of each arm, "however, is the constant character of an Australian species in other respects closely resembling in average size and in the extent of the basal inter- branchial membrane, the common Poulpe ( Octopus vulgaris) of our own shores." Habitat Australia — Owen. Cups in double series. a. Body smooth, not bearded. Arms 4, 3, 2, 1. Octopus mollis, Gould. Body small, elongate : eyes prominent ; siphuncle long, bulbous ; arms graceful with thirty or forty remote cupules ; umbrella (web) thin, delicate, broad. Length 3 inches. Hob. Samoan Islands. " Has the character of a young individual." — Tryon. Tryon, Man. Conch. Vol. i., p. 112, pi. 31, fig. 34, 35. h. Body smooth, bearded. Arms 3, 2, 4, 1. Octopus octopodia, Linnasus, (vulgaris, Lamarck). Body small, oval, warty, cirrose ; dorsal beards placed in a rhomb ; head warty ; ocular beards three ; arms very large, elongate, very unetpual in length ; web large ; cups far apart. Barely the arms are in order 2, 3, 4, 1. In length, measuring from tip to tip of corresponding arms, most frequently met with from 1 to 3 feet, but Verany states he saw one that measured more than 9 feet, and weighed 35 lbs. During life the skin of the animal is remarkable for bearing numerous and differently coloured vesicles, which, under the excitement of the moment, produce a rapid change of tint, and a charming play of colours. In deep water, when casually BY JAMES C. COX, M.D., F.L.S., ETC. 783 observed, it appears of a brownish purple, while on land or in shallow water it is of a yellowish-green ; but when examined more carefully — " French grey, with numerous spots of bright yellow, the former varying in intensity, the latter appearing and disappearing by turns. These changes were effected in such a manner, that clouds, varying in tint between a hyacinth-red and a chestnut brown, were continually passing over the body." — Darwin . The frequent loss of arms endured by the Octopus is compen- sated by the power in the highest degree it possesses of repro- ducing mutilated members. .Hab. African, European and American Coasts of the Atlantic Ocean ; Mediterranean and Eed Sea, Indian and Pacific Oceans. Sepia octopodia, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., Tom i., Pars ii., 1767. Octopus n of New South Wales, the most remarkable is the Gigantic Lily (Doryanthes excelsaj, which soon attracted the notice of the early colonists and was elegantly figured by Bauer in the beginning of the present century. It has only a limited range, but B. Palmeri which was discovered by Mr. W. Hill, extends far into Queensland, being found on the Mackenzie Eiver and elsewhere. The late Sir Thomas Mitchell was one of the first to record the beauties of our Calo&temma. Of C. candidum (Lindl.), which he found on the Gwydir, he says, " I found there a flowery desert, the richest part of the adjacent country being cpiite covered with a fragrant white amaryllis in full bloom." Again on the Goulburn range he met with the pink coloured species C. carneum (Lindl.). This genus is endemic in Australia, and, as the name implies, is distinguished for the corona of the flower. The remaining order, that of Dioscoridesc is a small one, of which only one genus occurs in Australia. The large "Yam" (Dioscorea saliva J, which is common to many tropical and subtropical countries in the new and old world, is indigenous in Northern Australia and the Northern parts of Queensland, but the species with which we are more immediately concerned is D. transversa, which has a wide range, being found here and there from the neighbourhood of Newcastle to Rocking- ham Bay. According to the testimony of the late M. Thozet, the tubers of this species are eaten by the aboriginal natives under the name of Kowar, and that too without any preparation, which is remarkable, as many of tho genus in consequence BY TIIE REV. DR. W00LLS, D.D., F.L.S. 817 of their acrid properties cannot be used without roasting or boiling. a list of the cypryeid^ found on the coast of new Caledonia and Loyalty Islands. By Richard C. Eossiter.* In this paper I have brought together sixty species, some never before recorded from this part of the world. Mr. H. Crosse in 1869 published a list in the Journal de Conchyliologie 3rd series, Vol. XVII., p. 36-49, where he enumerated forty-five species. But more specimens of some of these so called species have been found, reducing his number to thirty-eight ; the other seven being spurious species or monstrosities. Genus CYPEiEA. 1. CvpRiEA Argus, Linn. Eeeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 3, fig. 8. North Coast of New Caledonia ; Isle of Pines and Loyalty Islands. 2. CyprjEA asellus, Linn. Eeeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 18, fig. 98. Noumea ; Loyalty Islands, found under stones and coral. 3. Cypr^ea carneola, Linn. Eeeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 6, fig. 19. New Caledonia ; Loyalty Islands and Isle of Pines. Found very large, as large as C. talpa, and has often been taken by non-scientific collectors for C. aurantia. *Communicated by Mr, J. Brazier, O.M.Z.S* 818 A LIST OF THE CYPR.ffilD.E, ETC., 4. Cypr^ea cribelltjm, Graskoin. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., pi. 20, fig. 165-166. New Caledonia. Very rare. Two specimens have been found by Mr. Balansa. The species is rather common at the Mauritius. 5. Cypr^ea cylindrica, Born. Eeeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 14, fig. 64. Noumea, specimens very fine. 6. CyprjEA felina, G-mel. Eeeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 19, fig. 105 b. Sowerby, Thes. Conch, pi. 32, fig. 392-395. Lifou, Loyalty Islands ; not common. 7. Cypr^ea fimbriata, Gmel. Eeeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 18, fig. 92. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., pi. 32, fig. 390-391. Lifou, Loyalty Islands ; not common. 8. Cypr^ea hirujstdo, Linn. Eeeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 19, fig. 104. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., pi. 32, fig. 382-384. Noumea, New Caledonia and Loyalty Islands. 9. Cypr.ea interrupta, Gray. Zoological Journal, Vol. I., page 376, 1824. Eeeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 19, fig. 103, 1840. Ci/praa Rhinoceros, Souverbie, Journal de Conch., Vol. 13, page 156, pi. 5, fig. 1, 1865. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., pi. 27, fig. 271-274, pi. 37, fig. 535. BY RICHARD C. ROSSITER 819 Hot Amedee, or Lighthouse Island, rather common. Art Island, North New Caledonia (R. P. MontrouzierJ. 10. Cypr^ea irrorata, Solander. Gray, Zooi. Jour., Vol. 4, page, 80, 1828. Eeeve, Conch. Icon. pi. 22, fig. 126, 1846. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., pi. 29, fig. 304, 305, 1870. Mare, Loyalty Islands, very rare. 11. Cypr^a Isabella, Linn. Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 12, fig. 51. Sowerby, Thes. Conch, pi. 4, fig. 16-17. Cyprcea controversa, Gray, Zool. Jour. Vol. I., p. 144, 1825, Vol. 4, p. 71, 1828. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., pi. 27, fig. 258. Noumea, New Caledonia, and Loyalty Islands. Art Island, north coast (R. P. MontrouzierJ. 12. Cypr^ea micradon, Gray. Zoological Jour., Vol. 4, p. 71, 1828. Eeeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 24, fig. 139. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., pi. 32, fig. 385-386. Noumea, New Caledonia, and Loyalty Islands. 13. Cypr^ea neglecta, Sowerby. Eeeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 19, fig. 100. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., pi. 32, fig. 374-375. Noumea, not common ; Prony Bay, south coast, collected by Mr. Brazier. 14. CyprjEA stolida, Linn. Eeeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 14, fig. 67. 820 A LIST OF THE CYPE^EID^, ECT., Sowerby, Thes. Conch., pi. 30, fig. 327-328. Cyprcca ferruginea, Humph., Cab. Cat. No. 113. ,, rubiginosa, Gruel., Syst. Nat. p. 3420. ,, Crossei, Marie, Joum de Conch. Vol. 17, p. 16, pi. 1, fig. 3, 1869. Art Island, north coast (R. P. IfontrouzierJ. Noumea, (E. Marie) '. My own specimens come from Isle Nou and the Isle Ouen near the Isle of Pines. Pere Montrouzier has a fine series of C. stolitfa showing the different stages up to the variety C. Crossei. 15. Cypilea tabescexs, Solander. Dillwyn, Cat. Yol. 1, p. -163, 1817. Peeve, Conch. Icon. pi. 14, fig. 66. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., pi. 27, fig. 261-265. Loyalty Islands, found in very fine condition. 16. Cyprtea talpa, Linn. Peeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 2, fig. 5. Sowerby, Thes. Conch, pi. 12, fig. 74-75-76. Loyalty Islands ; Isle of Pines and New Caledonia, specimens very fine, not common. 17. Cypr/ea testudinaria, Linn. Peeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 3, fig. 9. Sowerby, Thes. Conch, pi. 13, fig. 83, 84. Loyalty Islands ; Isle of Pines and New Caledonia ; found very large, rare. 18. Cyprtea ursellus, Gmel. Kiener, Coq. Viv. p. 99, pi. 33, fig. 4. BY RICHARD C. R0SSITER. 821 Noumea ; fli. C. RossiterJ. Art Island, north coast of New Caledonia, (R. P. Montrouzier); very rare. I believe that this is only a variety of C. felina. Genus LUPONIA, Gray. 19. LtrposriA aurantia, Marty n. Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 4, fig. 11. Cyprma aurora, Solander, Sowerby, Thes. Conch, pi. 2, fig. 7-8. Lifou, Loyalty Islands. I have one specimen in my collection, got in 1877 in a native fish pot ; it is the first and only one found in these waters. It is a fine coloured specimen, larger than any 1 have yet seen from Fiji Islands, or the Solomon Islands, where the species is smaller but of a richer flesh colour. 20. Luponia Bregeriana, Crosse. Journ. de Conch., Vol. 16, p. 277, 18G8, Vol. 17, pi. l,fig. 2, 1869. Sowerby, Thes. Conch, pi. 37, fig. 536. Noumea Harbour, 8 fathoms ; Isle of Pines, south of New Caledonia, dredged by Lieut. Heurtel. Mr. Sowerby makes this fine and rare species a variety of C. Walkeri, Gray. The C. Bregeriana is very peculiarly besprinkled with fine white specks which may be observed to be imbedded in the enamel something like the C. testudinaria. These white specks are wanting in C. Walkeri. 21. Luponia caurica, Linn. Peeve, Conch. Icon. pi. 11, fig. 46. Sowerby, Thes. Conch, pi. 23, fig. 188-189-197. Loyalty Island ; New Caledonia and Isle of Pines. The variety obscura differs from the type form by having the dorsal surface of a blackish brown ; they are found at Isle Nou, Isle Ouen, Pomte Sud, and Prony Bay, New Caledonia. 822 A LIST OF THE CYPILEIDJE, ETC., 22. Luponia ceandestina, Linn. Eeeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 19, fig. 106. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., pi. 19, fig. 139-140-141. Cypraa moniliaris, Lamarck. Noumea, New Caledonia, very common. Loyalty Island and Isle of Pines. 23. Ltjponia cribraria, Linn. Eeeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 16, fig. 81. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., pi. 20, fig. 163-164. Cyprcea comma, Perry, Conch, pi. 21, fig. 5. Noumea, New Caledonia and Loyalty Islands. I have a specimen from Isle Ouen of a blackish brown on the back only showing a few of the white blotches and not the white round spots ; the specimen is one inch and a half long, 24. Luponia cruenta, Gmel. Eeeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 10, fig. 38. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., pi. 23, fig. 185-186-187. Cyprcea variolaria, Lamarck. Hot Amedee or Lighthouse Island near the entrance to the Port of Noumea, rare. 25. Luponia eburnea, Barnes. Eeeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 9, fig. 35. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., pi. 17, fig. 108. Noumea Harbour, obtained by dredging, found also at the Loyalty Island and Isle of Pines. 26. Luponia erosa, Linn. Eeeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 11, fig. 43. BY RICHARD C. ROSSITER. 823 Sowerby, Thes. Conch., pi. 28, fig. 110-115. New Caledonia ; Loyalty Islands, Isle of Pines. 27. Luponia errones, Linn. Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 13, fig. 56. Cyprcea ovum, Gmeln., C. subflava, Grmel.. C. olivacea. Lam. New Caledonia ; Loyalty Islands ; Isle of Pines. I have specimens from Noumea with the back of a blackish- brown, the base arched in the centre, rostrated at both ends, the teeth on the columella nearly absent ; teeth on the outer ] ip very large, and placed deep down. One specimen has the appearance of having been dug out like a native canoe. 28. LUPONIA ESONTROPIA, DucloS. Peeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 16, fig. 80. Lifou, Loyalty Islands, very rare. 1 have only seen one specimen, and that is in my collection. 29. Luponia flaveola, Linn. Reeve, Conch. Icon. pi. 18, fig. 95. Lifou, Loyalty Islands ; Hot Amedee or Lighthouse Island, New Caledonia. This species has been confused with and called C. spurca by the collectors here, but is quite distinct and in no way related to the C. spurca, Linn, found in the Mediterranean. Mr. H. Crosse in the Journal de Conchyliologie 1869, p. 44, doubts the C. spurca being found in New Caledonia, on the authority of Pere Montrouzier. 30. Luponia gangrenosa, Solander. Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 18, fig. Loyalty Islands, rare. 2A 824 A LIST OF THE CYPRjEID^, ECT., I am not quite sure of this being C. gangrenosa from our waters, as it comes so near to flaveola. 31. Luponia Gaskoni, Reeve. Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. 22, fig. 122. Lifou. Loyalty Islands. I am not quite sure of this as the specimen is sea worn, it ma}r . be a worn C. flaveola. 32. Luponia helvola, Linn. Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 15, fig. 72.* Cyprcea citrina, Kiener, (non Gray). Loj-alty Islands, specimens very fine and large. New Caledonia ; Isle of Pines. 33. Luponia lutea, Gronovius. Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 20, fig. 110. Cyprcea Mumphreysii, Gray. Near Noumea under stones in deep water ; both varieties are veiy rare. The animal is scarlet red. 34. Luponia lynx, Linn. Reeve, Conch. Icon. pi. 9, fig. 33. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., pi. 15, fig. 85*, 86*, 87* 88*. Cypr