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Cee ee Sk be rit owy Le a WATS “ft wy MO inten et OC tee a WWE 2 = OA? m WS pe mn > m op) py Ww om wi IBRARIES SMITHSONIAN . | Soe INSTITUTION NOILOLILSNI _ NVINOSHLIWS Si S N S $s ma a . es te a o ra. + < jy e oe” Cc tw 3 a fae) = ice) may (@) — Sfp (@) — io) z ad z a 2 “ | NOILALILSNI NVINOSHLIANS S3IYVHNEIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAD ee: : = rm i YX = 2 e , = — = fie = * Nx We E = E i = WY - a | YP 9 YW”) WS (ep) uw? z ie Ss Zz ” z LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILOLILSNIE NVINOSHLIW w” Zz Ww z = ‘ = < z NY z . 6 Z2 Wy Zz iz N > aN: > s 2 ron 2 n NOILLNLILSNI saiuvugit SMITHSONIAI S LIBRARIES N LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN NOILALILSNI NOILNLILSNI INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI bell NVINOSHLIW! S3IYVYRIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIA INSTITUTION INSTITUTION SMITHSONIA NVINOSHLIWS — SSIYVYSIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS SSIYVYERIT_ LIBRARIES oe | NVINOSHLINS S3tLYVUGIT LIBRARIE SMITHSONIAN NWINOSHLIINS SMITHSONIAN | LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI a : .o : rr. et oa = ee =. : < : < z = = a a ?) aos Ge @) ans Oo z J z ra 2 % 1 NOILALILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3/1YWHdI7 LIBRARIES SMITHSONIA z Die * a to Pa 2 o = = ) ey i os E si E =) = a + b > be > ra = = a re - m te m n z w = Fp) z 1 LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI_ NVINOSHLINA Division af Molluske ee, 7 st SacKional Liorary PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. VOL. i 1896—1897. NOTICE AFTER CAREFUL EXAMINATION OF THE INNER MARGIN AND TYPE OF MATERIAL /WE HAVE SEWN THIS VOLUME BY HAND SO IT CAN BE MORE EASILY OPENED | AND READ. i PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. EDITED BY B. B. WOODWARD, F.LS., F.G.S., Ere. Under the direction of the Publication Committee. VOLUME II. 1896—1897. AUTHORS ALONE ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE STATEMENTS IN THEIR RESPECTIVE PAPERS. | LONDON: | DULAU & CO., 37, SOHO SQUARE, W. 1897. tn cit WHMIeos ~ HERTFORD: BY STEPHEN AUSTIN AND SONS. CONTENTS OF VOL. II. PROCEEDINGS :— PAGE Ordinary Meeting, Nov. 8th, 1895 hee meet ec err e m7 PA Dec. 13th, 1895 Seal g Gis ak eee doce. QO ; Pe Jan. 10th, 1896 ao) ane REP acssa GOO Annual General Meeting, Feb. 14th, 1896... o.oo eB Ordinary Meeting, Feb. 14th, 1896 She suede aay cel, Cdeare BODO bi # Mar. 13th, 1896... ... ... .. . 188 - he April 10th, 1896... ... ... ... «. 183 : . May 8th, 1896 ‘ee pw aa oe Go Od - 55 June 12th, 1896 te bes Nes ae See IO “ a Nove lath 1896. ios. “lc Seat oes eee, @ LUD, 3 Es Dec. 11th, 1896 ACO baceanten naan enedames Kal0, = . Jan. 8th, 1897 dawis crate “AUR Hels Rie RIGC Annual General Meeting, Feb. 12th, 1897 woe) Geel, wee, eee eese LOO Ordinary Meeting, Feb. 12th, 1897 eae ash: Wie water wes 2240 a aA Mar. 12th, 1897 nig Saee.- See Rees “Gun aO) i i April 9th, 1897 Sas (ced Gore nee apo ‘i < May 14th, 1897... we ee 800 June 11th, 1897 Poe, stan Beecy ase _ op mioOO vl CONTENTS. PAPERS :— PAGE Description of seven new species of Terrestrial and Fluviatile Mollusca from the Hadramaut, South Arabia. By J. C. Metvitt, M.A., F.L.S., etc., and J. H. Ponsonsy, ae etc. (Plate Wl) ash eer tes oy) gees il Notes on the Amarone of Henley YL ae YSSOTUM, ‘M. sant By R. H. Burnk, B.A. (Plate IT and iltneertions) Hot 4 Description of Cassis Adcocki, a new species. te G. B. Oi ERBY, F.LS., ete, (lillustration) ... .:. ...° «. saci le: Descriptions of a new species of Vitrina and new oe ms of Honede with a List of the Helicoid Shells hitherto found in the Canary Islands. By G. K. Guns, F.Z.S., etc. (Illustrations) ... ... 16 Description of Streptaxis paulus, a new species. By G. K. Shab K.Z:8., ete. (illustrations)... “S092. oss Chad 3 | 23 List of fhe Pleurotomide of South Australia, with dsexiplions of some new species. nae G. B. Sowrrsy, F.LS., ete. (Blate a0) acc. scene es ook se : Eade 24 Descriptions of some new endl Molnees hon Seo Tent er Macquarie Island. By H.Surer. (PlateIV) ... ... 33 On Neohyalimax Brasiliensis, n.gen., n.sp. (allied to Ha PEN from Brazil. By D: HoSimrore, "(Plate VG. Vic5 cca 39 On a collection of Slugs from the Sandwich Islands. a We E. CouLinGE, F.Z.S., etc. (Illustrations) ... abe ae Address of the Pretionn Professor G. B. Howes, ed LS, Pras 57 On the Aperture of a Baculite from the Lower Chalk of Chara: stock, Somerset. By G. C. Crick, F.G.S., etc. (Illustration) 77 The Female Organs of Nerttina fluviatilis. Be Professor G. Giuson. (Illustrations) ©... ... ... uO Report on a collection of Polyplacophora aon Pant Phillip, Victoria. By E. R. Syxzs, B.A., F.Z.S8., etc. (Plate VI) ... 84 On a collection of Land-shells fon South Celebes. By E. A. SmitH, F.Z.8., etc. (Plate VII) ee eee oe re ve SE! On some Fresh- one Shells from the Island of cine By iH. A. SMITH, FZ.S,, ete. ((lllustration).—.. s.0. ).c) ee eee Notes on the Mollusca from a Rainwash at Daren th Kent. By A.S. KENNARD ... . 105 On Flammulina (A ots) Chan a new Helicoid clan a from New Zealand. By E. R Sykes, B.A., F.Z.S., ete. (lustrationis) 7 Basa ec) weal tices Malcom : Od Descriptions of new species of ninute Marine Shells Fo Bombay" By J.C. Menvinn, M.A., F.LiS:, ete, (Plate VID) |... “eos On the Prodstracum of a ieee from the Upper Lias of Alderton, Gloucestershire. By G. C. Crick, F.G.S., ete. (Plater) ck, awe case Megs. Ween psec) ecu aie ane ee GT CONTENTS. Papers (continued)— A List of the Land-shells of the Islands of Batchian, Ternate, and Gilolo. By E. A. Surru, F.Z.S., etc. (Illustrations) On the Aplacophorous me ae of the British Seas. By W. Garstang, M.A., F.Z.S., etc. (Plate X) . nee Preliminary Diagnoses of new species of Non-marine Mollusca on the Hawaiian Islands. Part I. By E. R. Sykes, B.A., F.Z.8., etc. Reade meee wie Gerona Note on the occurrence of Petr ola hoteles mis, Tata at Shellness, Kent. By J. E. Cooper ... On three New Shells from the collection of Mr. Bt C. honing of Brest. By G. B. Sowzrsy, F.LS., etc. (Plate XI) The Polyplacophora of South aeestatins By W. T. BEDNALL. (Plate XII and Illustrations) i mare. ote Descriptions of new species of Hndodonta and Plcrnmiutitee from New Zealand. By R. Murpocs. (Illustrations) . Note on a collection of Marine Shells from the ee: Islands, with descriptions of new species. By J. C. MELVILL, M.A., F.LS., etc., and E. R. Syxzs, B.A., F.Z.S., ete. (Plate XITT) Notes on the genus Huplecta of ee with descriptions of supposed new species from Ceylon. By Lieut. -Colonel H. H. Gopwin-AustEN, F.R.S., etc. (Plate XIV) Skiagraphs of Mollusca eee by the Réntgen-Rays. (Plate XV) On the discovery of a Recent Species of Arcoperna. By Professor R. Tats. (Illustrations) : seeyt Youn tie eas Revision of the New Zealand Polyplacophor By H. Surer. (Illustrations)... ... ie (one, qaulde ane Note on Mitra obscura, Bers ‘e TL. Sar (Illustration) ... Address of the President, Professor G. B. Howes, Sec. L.S., ete... The Dentition of the Pupide. By the Rev. Professor H. M. GwarkIN. (Illustrations) . ah ease Notes on some Type-specimens in ae British econ ae BE i Situ, F.Z.S., etc. ee ae me te me Descriptions of some new species of Helicoid and ee Land-shells from Ceylon. By E. R. Syxss, B.A., F.Z.S., ete. (Plate XVI) See em oneene The Mollusca of the English oes Toate An e s. roc and B. B. Woopwarb, F.L.S., etc. (Illustrations)... Ses A Revision of the New Zealand rome ea H. Surer. (Illustrations) ; % The Land Mollusca of Seat Tale By H. Sahae oe Revision of the New Zealand Trochide. By H. Sine: (Illustrations) ae A weer a ae vil PAGE 120 164 vill CONTENTS. PAPERS (continued )— PAGE Notes on some New Zealand Flammulina, with the description of fF. Ponsonbyi, n.sp. By H. Suter. (Illustrations) ... ... 284 Descriptions of new species of Land-shells from New Guinea and neighbouring Islands. as E. A. SMIvTH, ae etc. (Plate: XViLE) ea, aes aksce, wee "286 Description of Melati Studleyi n.SPp., ea Old (calsiae West Africa. By J.C. Menvitt, M.A., F.L.S., and J. H. Ponsonsy, EZs., ete, s(lllstration) (se) ase. asee) see ae 7222 eee me pe of Plecotrema Sykesii, n.sp., from Taras ae J.C. Mernvitu, MEA. Fals., etc. (lustration)! (22 2). ces sess eee On a further conleecon of sites from the Hawaiian Islands. By W. E. Couuines, F.Z.S., etc. (Illustrations) Ree Mae eet" Preliminary Diagnoses of new species of Non-marine Mollusca from the Hawaiian Islands. Part Il. By E. R. Syxgs, B.A., EL ZES.,, CbGs97 Bosca. Serer -ecot ae Met ee se RR Cras ee LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS IN VOL. New Non-marine Shells from the Hadramaut. Plate I Portion of lateral nerve-cord of Hanleya abyssorum . Portion of nervous system of Hanleya abyssorum Extremity of pedal nerve-cords of Hanleya abyssorum Anatomy of Hanleya abyssorum. Plate IL... Cassis Adcocki, n.sp. ... Il. Vitrina Parryt, u.sp., Helix Pouchet, var., and Helicella tumu- lorum, vars. eo: 3 Streptaxis paulus, n.sp., aad mith of 8 Heute; South Australian Pleurotomide. Plate III New Land-shells from New Zealand. Plate IV... Neohyalimax Brasiliensis, n.gen. et sp. Plate V [Anatomical details of some Sandwich Island Slugs]... Baculites baculoides ? (Mantell). [Aperture of] ... Genitalia of Neritina fluviatilis Australian Chitons. Plate VI Ane New Land-shells from Celebes. Plate VII ... Plammulina Chion, n.sp.... .. New Marine Mollusca from ac eabare Plate ‘VIII Proéstracum of Belemnite. Plate IX ... Planispira Giloloensis, n.sp., and P. lacteocincta, n.sp. Aplacophorous Amphineura of the British Seas. Plate X New Mollusca. Plate XI : Ischnochiton juloides, Ad. & Ang., and L one n.Sp. Ischnochiton Pilsbryi, n.sp. Ischnochiton Tateanus, n.sp. Ischnochiton Thomasi, n.sp. Chiton calliozona, Pilsbry Chiton exoptandus, n.sp. ... Chiton Bednalli, Pilsbry ... 103 107 119 122 125 138 142 144 147 149 151 152 153 x ILLUSTRATIONS. South Australian Chitons. Plate XII ... Endodonta vortex, n.sp. Endodonta coma, Gray, var. Flammulina perplexa, n.sp. Lilamnvalina Mossi, espouses sce esi) eis) Gene) es Mollusca from the Andaman Islands Plate XIII New Ceylon Land-shells. Plate XIV ... Skiagraph of Nautilus pompilius. Plate XV Arcoperna recens, 0.Sp. Ischnochiton Parkeri, n.sp. Plaxiphora subatrata, Pilsbry ... Acanthopleura corticata, Hutton Mitra obscura, Hutton Teeth in radula of Sphyr ain enna Pape pegianeien nid P. dolium A New Land-shells from Coons Seite XVI Hygromia umbrosa, Partsch, from cave-deposit Carychium minimum, Miill., var., from cave-deposit ... eee [Teeth from the Athoracophorus bitentaculutus (Quoy & Gaim.). radula of] . Athoracophorus bee ( Ola ‘2 [Some anatomical details] Athoracophorus papillatus (Hutton). [Genitalia] Athoracophorus Dendyi, n.sp. [With anatomical details] ... Athoracophorus marmoratus, Simr. [Mantle-area] Trochus Chathamensis (Hutton) Portion of radula of Monodonta porcifera Giseoe Portion of radula of Monodonta coracina (‘Trosch.) Cantharidus pupillus, Hutton Cantharidus sanguineus (Gray) Cantharidus dilatatus (Sby.) . Cantharidus rufozona, A. Ad. a re Portion of radula of Gibbula Siren (Smith) Gibbula micans, n.sp. Flammulina pilula ieere) Flammulina Ponsonby, n.sp. . Pe eres New Land-shells from New Guinea. Plate XVII Achatina Studleyi, n.sp. Plecotrema Sykesii, n.sp. . an [Genitalia, etc., of Hawaiian Slugs] ERRATUM. P. 227, line 11, should read: ‘‘ (A) Central tooth uni- to ¢ricuspid,” ete. PROCEEDINGS OF THE | MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. | i Be DESCRIPTIONS OF SEVEN NEW SPECIES OF TERRESTRIAL AND FLUVIATILE MOLLUSCA FROM THE HADRAMAUT, SOUTH ARABIA. By James Cosmo Metvitt, M.A., F.L.S., etc., and Jonn Henry Ponsonsy, F.Z.S., ete. Read 8th November, 18965. PLATE I. Upon the occasion of their second visit to the Hadramaut (1894-5), Mr. and Mrs. J. Theodore Bent collected a few species of Mollusca, all from a desert region in the neighbourhood of Dhofar, some 800 miles east of Aden, and kindly placed them in our hands for exami- nation. The specimens were, in great measure, dead shells, but all in a condition to describe ; and of the nine or ten different forms included, no less than seven appear new to science, the remaining two or three being Ielanie—M. tuberculata and what is possibly a variety of that species, and also Buliminus Luntii, Melvill,’ both juvenile and mature shells, 1. Srenogyra Benti#, n.sp. Pl. I, Fig. 4. S. testa cylindrica, attenuata, haud pellucente, recta, pallide ochracea, anfractibus decem, levigatis, vix ventricosulis, apertura ovata, peristomate simplice, paullum incrassato, Long. 14, lat. 4mm. Hab —Dhofar. A conspicuous shell, pale ochraceous in colour, non-transparent, cylindrical, attenuate, ten-whorled, mouth ovate, lip slightly thickened, simple. Named in honour of the collector, Mrs. Bent. 2. Hyatinra (ARNovLDIA*) EREMIAS, n.sp. Pl. I, Figs. 12-14. H. testa depresso-conica, anguste umbilicata, corneo-pellucida, ' Cf. Proc. Mal. Soc., Vol. I, 1894, p. 224. 2 Conulus, Fitz., is preoccupied for Echinodermata. VOL. II.—APRIL, 1896. 1 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. nitida, tenui, anfractibus quatuor, ventricosulis, apud suturas im- pressis, applanatis, levissimis, apertura lunata, peristomate tenui simplice, marginem apud columellarem triangulatim reflexo. Long. 3°75, lat. 4°50 mm. Hab.—Dhofar. A very pretty shining, depressedly conical, thin, horn-coloured species, narrowly mpalierne) with the whorls uniformly very smooth, slightly swollen, impressed at the sutures, peristome thin, but tri- angularly reflexed over the columellar margin, mouth lunate in form 8. Oropoma Dyorarense, n.sp. Pl. I, Figs. 9-11. O. testa crassiuscula, umbilicata, conica, cinereo-albida, anfractibus quinque vel sex, ventricosis, arcte clathrato-liratis, longitudinaliter indistincte striatulis usque ad medium anfractus ultimi, infra, usque ad basim, levissima, umbilico profundo sed angusto, apertura rotunda, peristomate continuo, expanso, margine columellari triangulatim re- flexo, umbilicum semi-obtegente. Long. 10, lat. 10mm. Hab.—Dhofar. Three specimens, all in dead condition, and almost colourless, but showing the sculpture, etc., very satisfactorily. The shell is conical, somewhat thickened in substance, umbilicated, five or six whorled, closely latticed, and longitudinally indistinctly striated above, the lower half of the last whorl, towards the base, being pertectly smooth. The mouth is round, peristome continuous, expanded, and triangularly reflexed over the columellar margin. 4. OropoMA CONSIMILE, n.sp. Pl. I, Figs. 5-7. O. testa umbilicata, depresso-conica, albo-calcarea, crassiuscula, anfractibus 42, sub lente clathrato-liratulis, ultimo anfractu apud medium et infra ad basim perlevi, nitido, apertura rotunda, peris- tomate incrassato, continuo, marginem ad columellarem paullum effuso, umbilicum nequaquam obtegente. Long. 8, lat. 10 mm. Hab.—Dhofar. Very similar to the last species (O. Dhofarense), but differing in being markedly more depressed. The sculpture of both species is to a great extent the same, though clearer and sharper in this shell. Two specimens, one juvenile, and showing transverse sculpture on the basal half of the last whorl, which is probably the case in all the immature specimens of this section of the genus Otopoma. 5. Oropoma Hapramavticum, n.sp. Pl. I, Figs. 1-3. O. testa incrassata, globoso-conica, subnitente, ochracco-fulva, anfractibus quinque, ventricosulis, supra striatulis, ultimo ad basim leevissimo, in medium apud peripheri: im cingulo fulvo decorato, callo umbilicari albido, nitido, apertura rotunda, peristomate paullum reflexo. Long. sp. maj. 16 mm., lat. 18mm. HHab.—Dhofar. Three mature specimens, and a fourth, evidently an immature shell, showing a deep umbilicus. The smallest of these four (long. 13, lat. 15mm.) is in live condition with operculum, and of a warm Proc. Marac.Soc. | Voull. Pog | J.Green del.et lith. Mintern Bros. imp. NEW NON-MARINE SHELLS FROM THE HADRAMAUT. t MELVILL AND PONSONBY: SHELLS FROM THE HADRAMAUT. 3 ochreo-fulvous colour, a reddish band encircling the middle of the | last whorl, which, in common with the upper whorls, is striatulate above. The lower portion, however, towards the base, is quite smooth and shining. It differs from O. Bentianum, Melv. (Proc. Mal. Soc., Vol. I, p. 224), in being globosely conical, not orbicularly | depressed in form, and in having the peristome less effuse. 6. Pranorpis Arasicus, n.sp. Pl. I, Figs. 15-17. P. testa ochraceo-cinerea, tenui, parum nitente, levigata, sub |, lente tenuissime obliquistriata, anfractibus quatuor, ventricosulis, lente crescentibus, disco superiore multum excavato, inferiore magis applanato, apertura lunata. Long. 5, lat. 12mm. Hab.—Dhofar. An ordinary-looking shell, but not exactly to be matched, when compared with the other species of the genus. Ten or twelve | specimens. j 7. PALUDESTRINA GLAUCOVIRENS, u.sp. Pl. I, Fig. 8. P. testa minuta, oblonga, vix rimata, subpellucida, anfractibus quatuor vel quinque, ventricosulis, sub lente indistinctissime trans- ' yersim liratis, apertura ovata, peristomate simplice, continuo. Long. 2, lat. 1mm. HHab.—Dhofar. A very minute, insignificant little shell, of which three specimens were collected. These are to some extent eroded on the last whorl; the colour is olive-glaucous-green. The whorls, under a very strong ‘lens, appear in certain lights to be very obscurely transversely striate, but this appearance is only observed when the shells are viewed at a particular angle. The mouth is ovate, the peristome simple and continuous; whorls four to five, slightly ventricose. | EXPLANATION OF PLATE I. Fries. 1-3. Otopoma Hadramauticum, n.sp. 5 3a. (Operculum), 7 4. Stenogyra Bentie, n sp. ue 5-7. Otopoma consimile, n.sp. 8. Paludestrina glaucovirens, n.sp. », 9-11. Otopoma Dhofarense, n.sp. , 12-14. Hyalinia (Arnouldia) eremias, n.sp. 15-17. Planorbis Arabicus, n.sp. 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. NOTES ON THE ANATOMY OF HANLEYA ABYSSORUM, M. Sars. By R. H. Buryg, B.A., Assistant in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, Read 8th November, 1895. PLATE II. 1. ON THE PROBABLE PRESENCE AND Postrion oF AN OsPHRADIUM. An osphradium, it need scarcely be said, is the name given by | Professor Ray Lankester! to a sense organ, presumably olfactory, situated at the base of the gills in molluscs; it reaches its greatest development among the Prosobranchs, where it assumes a bipec ctinate gill-like form constituting the well-known ‘false branchia.” The original discovery of this organ in isolated instances, although in- teresting, is practically of small moment, for it was not till 1881 that i it emerged from the obseurity of isolation, to rank as one of the most | important of molluscan organs. In that year Spengel* issued an important paper on the relationships existing between the various orders of the Mollusca, in which he pointed out the constancy of the occurrence and position of this olfactory organ in a great number | of instances, and from this constancy was led to infer the unity of origin of the entire phylum. His wisdom in basing so great a | generalization upon such a foundation has been called in question, as was almost inevitable; but from the favour with which his views are received in many quarters, especially, I believe, in England, we are amply justified in regarding this sense organ as one possessing some- | what exceptional interest, not only for students of the Mollusea, but for zoologists generally. Such being the case, one cannot but regret to find that among the Chitons—molluses that, on account of their many archaic character- istics, are justly considered to possess a fundamental importance—the exact position, and even the presence, of this organ are subjects stall enveloped in doubt. The following brief historical survey will display the present state of our knowledge, or rather ignorance, upon this point. As far as I am aware, Spengel in 1881°% was the first to suggest the presence of an osphr adium in Chiton, but unfortunately it was only a suggestion based upon superficial observation. As sundry Chitons crawled up the sides of an aquarium, he noticed upon the outer side of each gill a brownish patch, the position and general appearance of which were strongly suggestive of an osphradium ; and as such, Spengel was inclined to regard it; but although he emphasizes ' Encycl. Brit., article ‘* Mollusca.”’ 2 J. W. Spengel, ‘‘ Die Geruchsorgane und das Nervensystem der Mollusken’’: | Zeitschr. Wiss. Zool., xxxv, 1881, p. 338. 3 Loe. cit. p. 356. BURNE: ANATOMY OF HANLEYA ABYSSORUM. 3) the importance of this organ, especially for the determination of the true nature of the gills, he apparently did not at the time enter upon an examination of its detailed structure. ‘Two years later the matter was investigated by Béla Haller! in the course of an exhaustive inquiry into the anatomy of two species of Chiton (C. siculus, Gray, and C. fascicularis, Poli). He was unable to confirm Spengel’s suggestion. In transverse sections of the gills he observed that, although the epithclial cells covering the outer walls of both branchial vessels were slight! y larger than those upon other portions of the gill, and were provided with enormous cilia, yet there was no marked local epithelial thickening characteristic of an osphradium, and no pigment cells. ‘he absence of the latter, and the strongly pigmented nature ; of the blood, led him to suppose that probably Spengel had been « deceived by the pigmented appearance given to the living tissues by the blood. This is practically the last we hear of Spengel’s s osphradiuin on the outer surface of the gill. The subject was revived again in 1891 by Blumrich,* who devotes some pages to the description of an organ, which he regards as the osphradium, situated this time not on the outer but on the inner side of the gill. ‘lhe organ consists essentially of two ridges of lofty epithelium extending from the first to behind the last gill: one ridge (parietal) is situated on the body- wall; the other (paraneural) beneath the lateral nerve-cord, extending somewhat on to the surface of each gill, ‘The epithelium consists of large glandular cells and hair cells; the latter are specially concen- trated in certain positions, forming sensory knobs; in some species the ridges my ramish, leaving only the knobs; the hair cells are in - communication with the lateral nerve-cords. The hning of the genital duct is continuous with the paraneural ridge. These tracts of modified epithelium were originally described ‘by Haller,* but were considered by him to be glandular in function and not sensory. The true meaning of this epithelium is doubtful, for Haller‘ still persists in his original view, laying stress on the close relationship between the ridges and the genital ducts, and pointing out that most probably it is homologous to the hypobranchial gland of Prosobranchs. Thiele ® also is unconvinced by Blumrich’s observ ations. On the other hand Simroth,® taking an impartial survey of the question, considers that Blumrich’s interpretation is probably correct; and this view has also been adopted by Lang,’ although he does not discuss the matter. During the spring of the present year, three specimens of Hanleya ' B. Haller, ‘‘ Die Organisation der Chitonen der Adria.’ Pt. 2: Arb. Inst. Wien, v, 1883, p. 26. * J. Blumrich, ‘‘ Das Integument der Chitonen’’: Zeitschr. Wiss. Zool., lii, 1891, p- 460. = Loe. cit. p. 21. 4 Haller, ‘* Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Placophoren’’: Morph. Jahrb., xxi, 1894, p. 34. ® Thiele, ‘‘ Beitriige zur Kenntnis der Mollusken’’: Zeitschr. Wiss. Zool., liii, 1892, p. 586. ® Bronn’s Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-reichs, Bd. iii, Mollusca, 1894, p. 262. 7 A. Lang, Lehrbuch der vergleichenden Anatomie, 1888— "94, p. 744. 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. abyssorum, a Chiton found at a depth of from 150 to 200 fathoms off the coast of Norway, were bought for the Royal College of Surgeons. After dissecting these specimens for the purposes of the Museum, it seemed desirable to confirm certain details by the examination of microscopic sections made from the remaining fragments. These sections, cut with the object of verifying certain points in the respective shape and size of different regions of the lateral nerve- cords, revealed upon investigation, as so often happens, other points of enact besides those actually expected, throwing in this instance considerable light upon the vexed osphradial question. The individual gills of a Chiton are innervated from the lateral nerve-cord by means of a pair of fine nerves, one of which runs down the outer wall of each blood-vessel.!. Both nerves, in contradistinction to the lateral cords from which they spring, are entirely devoid of ganglion cells. Although such an arrangement is the general rule, it does not hold in the case of Hanleya abyssorum, except for the three anterior gills; for in that Chiton, from the fourth gill to the sixteenth and last, the outer branchial nerve, that is the nerve situated in the wall of the efferent branchial vessel, is ganglionated in varying degrees (Fig. I, iv-xvi). In the fourth and fifth gills the ganglion cells are confined to the proximal portion of the nerve, forming a small oval ganglion, lying without the gill on the floor of the main efferent branchial vessel. From the sixth eill onwards ganglion cells are present upon the nerve, both before and after its passage from the main efferent branchial “vessel into the individual vessel of the gill. The maximum number of ganglion cells is reached about the tenth gill, and from that point to the sixteenth gill the size and extent of the ganglionic masses have a slight tendency to diminish. Looking closer at a well-marked example, say the tenth gill, it will be noticed (Pl. II, Fig. 1, e.”.) that the ganglion cells are ayes evenly distributed over the entire surface of the nerve, as in the cords of the central nervous system, but are aggregated into patches, thus forming a string of ganglionic enlargements, giving the nerve a beaded appearance. In the first ganglion, the one, that i 1s, wins without the gill in the main efferent branchial ‘vessel (PL. TT; Fig. 1 , 99-), the g eanglion cells form a cortex surrounding a central bundle of fibres, but in the portion of the nerve situated within the gill they are chiefly confined to the surface directed towards the cavity of the blood-vessel (PL. II, Fig. 2, e220 The ganglion cells in question are small, closely congregated together, and provided with a round nucleus, thus agreeing with the cells that are considered to be characteristic of a sensory eanglion.? * The side of the nerve directed towards the exterior is fbrone in structure, and is closely applied to the epithelial covering of the blood-vessel. Before leaving the nerves and turning to the epithelium, I wish to draw attention to a slight peculiarity of the lateral nerve-cord itself: it will An idea of the general anatomy can be obtained from PI. II, Fig. 9 2 2F Thiele, “ Ueber Sinnesorgane der Seitenlinie und das Naviunion yon Mollusken ’’: Zeitschr. Wiss. Zool., xlix, 1890, p. 425 BURNE: ANATOMY OF HANLEYA ABYSSORUM. ri be seen on referring to Fig. I, that in its anterior part, in fact till it arrives at the region of the gills (confined in this species to the ‘hinder part of the body), it is circular in cross-section; at that point it becomes distinctly larger, broader, and flatter, and though this enlargement is not very striking, yet it is sufficiently so to be _ suggestive of a tendency to concentration in this region, a tendency that may be due, no doubt, to the restricted area occupied by the gills. 77 i JT x m enw V2 Er \vr / 4 -, . a (ea EE | VW {hte Pip {Dx WM Yo | fe. | Xf Rs | a5 | > ) ? ? ; di : | - > anfractus 61, convexi, obscure aneulati, longitudinaliter obscure . . . eh) 4 x ’ . 5 . . plicati, aliter leves; anfractus ultimus spiram brevior, ad basim 26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. truncatus, haud rostratus; apertura curta, latiuscula; labrum leviter inflexum, postice late et profunde sinuatum; columella fere recta. Long. 7, diam. 3mm. Hab.—St. Vincent’s Gulf (Verco). A little, stony, white shell, with a short mouth, and lip slightly inflexed ; in form it resembles D. Hottentota, Smith. 9, DapHNnELLa DuLcis, n.sp. Pl. III, Fig. 5. Testa oblonga, subfusiformis, alba, dilute fusco irregulariter macu- lata, antice zona pallide purpurascente, fusco-marginata picta, ad apicem fusca; spira acuminata, apice papillari; anfractus 6, primi 2 leaves, rotundati, cxeteri convexi, obtusissime angulati, spiraliter densissime lirati; anfractus ultimus oblongus, vix “inflatus, spiram paulo superans, basim versus leviter contractus, vix rostratus ; apertura breviuscula, mediocriter lata; columella levissime contorta, fusco tincta; labrum obsolete crenulatum, postice late et profunde sinuatum. Long. 11, diam. 2°50 mm. Hab.—St. Vincent’s Gulf (Verco). A charming little shell, delicately coloured and sculptured. The apex is obtuse and papillary, the whorls convex and very obscurely angled; there are no longitudinal ribs, but the whole surface of the shell is very finely and closely spirally ridged. Var. alba.—Testa omnino alba.—A perfect fresh specimen of pure shining white, without colour or markings, was taken by Dr. Verco in same locality. 10. DaPHNELLA FRAGILIS, Reeve, P.Z.S. 1845, p. 111; Conch. Tcon., sp. 179=lymneeformis, Reeve (non limnetformis, Kiener), loc. eit. sp. 825. Specimens dredged by Dr. Verco in St. Vincent’s Gulf vary much in size, the largest being nearly 20 mm. in length. 11, Dapunetta pituta, n.sp. Pl. III, Fig. 6. Testa oblongo-ovata, albida, fulvyo sparsim maculata; spira acute conica; anfractus 6, convexi, rotundati, spiraliter subtilissime striati ; anfractus ultimus spiram superans, ovalis, haud rostratus; apertura latiuscula, labrum tenue, arcuatum, postice mediocriter sinuatum. Long. 10, diam. 4°25 mm. Hab.—Backstairs Passage, 20 fathoms (Verco). This shell has much finer striew than D. fragilis, and is of a shorter and more ovate form 12. DapHnetta(?) Fattacrosa, n.sp. Pl. ILI, Fig. 7. Testa elongato-turrita, sordide alba; spira acuminata, apice papillari ; anfractus 63, convexi, vix angulati, ’ spiraliter dense striati, primi 2 leeves, sequentes 2-3, ‘longitudinalite r plicati; sutura anguste canali- culata; anfractus ultimus spiram fere equans, superne obscurissime * angulatus, basim versus leviter attenuatus, haud rostratus; apertura latiuscula; labrum tenue, Jeune breviter sinuatum ; columella recti- uscula. Long. 10, diam. 3:25 mm. Hab.—St. Vincent’s Gulf (Verco). A shell of simple character, with a rather long spire and short SOWERBY: 8S. AUSTRALIAN PLEUROTOMID.E. aT mouth; closely spirally striated, only the upper whorls showing ribs or plice. It is with some uncertainty that I place this with Daphnella. 13. DaPHNELLA BiToR@UATA, n.sp. Pl. III, Fig. 9. Testa parva, ovata, rugosa, nigro-fusca, albo interruptim zonata ; spl ‘a obtusiuscula, gradata; anfractus 43, sub-quadrate angulati, |spiraliter lirati, longitudinaliter subtilissime lamellati; anfractus ultimus spiram superans, inflatus, supra medium leviter biangulatus, /undique liris conspicuis rugosis instructus; apertura lata ; “labrum arcuatum, postice mediocriter sinuatum. Long. 4°50, diam. 2°50 mm. Hab. —Spencer’s s and St. Vincent’s Gulfs (Adcock). This little shell is very dark brown, relieved by a pale zone between two white keels, crossed by dark- brown streaks. The transverse lire are pretty prominent, and the whole surface is roughened by minute lamin. Another specimen sent me by Mr. Adcock is almost entirely white. 14. DapHnetia (TerEs) mimica, n.sp. Pl. III, Fig. 10. Testa turrita, alba; spira elongata, acutiuscula; anfractus 6, - convexi, rotundati, superne leviter concavi, undique lris conspicuis alternatim minoribus instructi, inter lirus lamellis minutis oblique longitudinaliter sculpti; anfractus ultimus spiram brevior, ad basim contractus, brevissime rostratus ; columella parum contorta ; apertura ovata; labrum tenue, arcuatum, sinu postico, latiusculo. Long. 7, diam. 2°50mm. Hab.—st. Vincent’s Gulf (Verco). This little shell bears rather a curious resemblance to the British D. teres. I have only seen three specimens, the type here described being the largest; the two smaller ones are shorter in proportion, and not so concave at the top of the whorls. Var. fusca.—A dark-brown variety, represented by a single specimen in Mr. Adcock’s collection. 15. Dapunetta Vercor, n.sp. Pl. III, Fig. 8. Testa acuminato-ovata, rugosa, tenuis, pallida, stramineo irregulariter maculata et strigata; spira acuta; anfractus 83, primi 2 leves, ceteri convexl, obtuse angulati, spiraliter dense lirati, lamellis obliquis minutissimis confertissimis sculpti; costis longitudinis obliquis parum elevatis, plerumque indistinctis et evanidis ; anfractus ultimus spiram sub-zequans, leviter inflatus, supra angulum convexiusculus, basim versus contractus, vix rostratus; apertura lata; columella rectiuscula ; labrum tenue, postice mediocriter sinuatum. Long. 20, diam. 9mm. Hab.—Backstairs Passage, 6-20 fathoms. A thin, delicately sculptured shell, of which the ribs are of an undecided character, entirely disappearmg on the last whorl. The spiral lire are narrow and close, and crossed by extremely delicate and profuse oblique lamine. The type specimen, besides the irregular light-brown markings, has two narrow zones below the periphery ; while others are pale straw-colour, without markings. All the 28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. specimens are similar in detail of sculpture, but sometimes the longitudinal ribs are only to be seen on the upper whorls; and in one shell sent me by Mr. Bednall from St. Vincent’s Gulf, the body-whorl is distinctly ribbed. 16. CLaTHURELLA MopEsTa, Angas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1877, p. 38, pl. v, fig. 15. St. Vincent’s Gulf. 17. CLATHURELLA LAMELLOSA, n.sp. Pl. III, Fig. 11. Testa parva, abbreviato-turrita, straminea, fusco sparsim maculata ; anfractus 5; apicales leves, cxeteri tabulati, valde angulati, spiraliter tricarinati, lamellis pulcherrimis longitudinaliter ornati; sutura cana- heulata ; anfractus ultimus splram equans, quadricarinatus, ad basim contractus, lratus, breviter rostratus; apertura latiuscula; labrum arcuatum, postice profunde sinuatum. Long. 4, diam. 2mm. Hab.—St. Vincent’s Gulf (Verco). A very characteristic little shell, with angular whorls forming a tabulated spire ; the spiral keels, of which there are four on the body- whorl, as well as the interstices, are crossed by fine close lamellae. The unique specimen is straw-coloured, with a single brown blotch in front. 18. CharmurELLA LatLeMANTIANA, Crosse, Journ. de Conch. 1865, p. 423, pl. u, fig. 5. I think Cl. cnerusta, Ten.-Woods (Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm. 1876, p. 136), is the same; but I cannot agree with Mr. Tryon as to the identity of C. Letourneuciana, Crosse (Journ. cle Conch. 1865, p. 425, plate u, fig. 7). The latter species I have not seen from South EGS. 19, CLATHURELLA TINcTA, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1846, p. 5; Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, sp. 347. = albifuniculata, Reeve, Conch. Icon., Pleurotoma, sp. 350. = rubroguttata, H. Adams, Proc. Zool Soc. 1872, p. 14, pl. i, fig. 25. = rufozonata, Angas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1877, p. 38, pl. Vv, fig. ie The spots and lines vary in number, size, and colour, from black to orange, and occasionally the species occurs white without spots. 20. CLATHURELLA PARVULA, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1845; Conch. Icon, Pleurotoma, sp. 254. = Clatielt crassind, Angas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1880, p. 416, pl. xl, fig. Shae philomena, Ten.-Woods, Roy. Soc. Tasm. 1875, p. 141. eee s description of this species is somewhat imadequate, and he gives no dimensions, but judging from a series of specimens, I am convinced that Angas’ crass’na cannot be separated from it. The fine fresh specimens submitted to me are yellowish, with a brown band below the periphery, tinged with brown at the sutures, between the ribs, and on the lip and columella. Worn specimens are sometimes Ww hite, and probably there is a white variety. Angas mistook bleached specimens of this species for Plewrotoma spurca, Hinds, which, although somewhat similar in general appearance, may be cle: arly distinguished | SOWERBY: S. AUSTRALIAN PLEUROTOMIDA. 29 | by the decided outward curve of the lip forming a sharp angle on each side of the sinus. From the description I think Tenison-Woods’ Mangilia philomena is a synonym for Clathurella parvula, but, in the absence of a figure, and not haying seen an authentic specimen, I cannot say with certainty. 21. CLATHURELLA BIcoLoR, Angas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 18, pl. i, fig. 20. This species may be distinguished from the smaller forms of C. parvula, by its more elongated and less angular form. Manernra Apcockr, nom. noy. I propose this name for the J. bella of Adams and Angas (Proce. Zool. Soc. 1863, p. 419, pl. xxxvi, fig. 6), their name being pre- occupied by Hinds. Tryon (Manual of Conchology, vol. vi, p. 270) considers it identical with If. Boaker, Nevill, a Ce ‘ylon shell with which, from the figure and description, it seems to me to have but little affinity. Adcock’s list gives as a synonym JZ, gracilina, Ten.-Woods, but I have sought the records in vain for the name. JL Adcocki is an elegantly formed shell, with a very acute spire and moderately attenuated base; the ribs are numerous, thick and rounded, cro ossed by numerous rather faint spiral sulci. Fresh, adult specimens are much larger than Adams’ type, measuring 16-19mm. in length. It is a true Mangilia, though approaching Cythara in form. 3. Manerzia prota, Adams and Angas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1868, m419, pl. xxxvu, fig. 7. = Meredithe, Ten.-Woods, Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm. 1875, p. 142. =teniata, Ten.-Woods, zbid. 1878, p. 36. This species varies somewhat in form, and considerably in colouring. The type has a broad brown band occupying the upper half of the body-whorl; some specimens are pale straw-colour without markings, and others are covered with brown spiral linear bands; and usually a brown line appears just above the angle. Hab.—Spencer’s and St. Vincent’s Gulfs. 24. Manerra Sr.-Garte, Ten.-Woods, Roy. Soc. Tasm. 1876, p- 187; and var. Benedicti. 1 have not been able to identify this species. 25. MancILia aLucinans, n.sp. Pl. III, Fig. 12. Testa breviter fusiformis, straminea, spiraliter fusco interruptim lineata; spira acuminata, acutiuseula, eradata ; anfractus 7-8, obtuse angulati, spiraliter leviter sulcati, costis longitudinalibus crassis, rotundatis, rectis instructi ; anfractus ultimus spiram eequans, superne obtuse angulatus, deinde leviter convexus, basim versus attenuatus, haud rostratus; apertura mediocriter lata, utrimque angustior ; columella rectiuscula; labrum arcuatum, postice yvix sinuatum. Long. 6°50, diam. 3mm. Hab.—Yankalilla Bay. This species may be distinguished by its thick, rounded, straight ribs; the spiral grooves are more or less distinct. Some specimens 30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. are nearly white; in others numerous brown spiral lines cross the ribs, interrupted by the interstices, as in Jf. picta. There is generally’ a brown line just above the angle. 4 yar. ORNATA, Pl. III, Fig. 18. Spira longior; costis maculis | fuscis pulcherrime ornatis. A be: autifully marked ‘shell, with a longer | spire than the type, from Yankalilla Bay; belonging to Mr. Adcock. Shells of this species have been mistaken for Vincentina, Crosse, | and also for JL lineata, Reeve. The type of the former is a little plain brown shell, with very obscure bands of darker brown. It is! more sharply angular, and the ribs are thinner than in Jf alucinans. | M. lineata, Reeve (Conch. Icon., Mangelia, sp. 42) is a synonym for ML. rugulosa, Philippi, a Mediterranean species, of which JL pura, | Reeve (sp. 63), 1s another synonym. There is no doubt Mr. Angas | mistook different forms of the species I now call JL alucinans for | these. Maneirta tyscurpra, Adams and Angas, Proc. Zool. Soe. 1863, | p. 420, pl. xxxvu, fig. 8. The characters of this species are somewhat | obscure, but it is more narrowly cylindrical and high-shouldered than | others of the group. Ihave picked out a few specimens from a mixed lot of Dr. Verco’s St. Vincent’s Gulf shells. 27. ManaInia HEXAGONALIS, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 118, Conch. Icon., Plewrotoma, sp. 298. St. Vincent’s Gulf. 28. Manernra pavcrmacunata, Angas, (Glyphostoma) Proc. Zool. Soc. 1880, p. 416, pl. xl, fig. 7. St. Vincent’s Gulf. 29. Maneirra Vincentina, Crosse, Journ. de Conch. 1865, p. 422, t. xi, fig.6. Among all the South Australian shells I have examined, none are quite conformable to Crosse’s type of this species. 30. Maneriia connecrens, n.sp. Pl. III, Fig. 14. Testa fusiformis, utrimque acuminata, sordide albida, spira acute — turrita; anfractus 7, angulati, superne declives, infra angulum leviter convexi, spiraliter dense striati, liris spiralibus paucis tenuissimis cingulati; costis longitudinalibus circiter 9, leviter obliquis, tenuibus ; anfractus ultimus basim versus leviter constrictus, striis obliquis conspicuis; apertura obliqua; columella rectiuscula ; labrum. tenue, postice late sed vix profunde sinuatum. Long. 8, diam. 3mm. fTab.—St. Vincent’s Gulf. An almost colourless shell, tapering anteriorly, and with a sharpish, turreted spire; the body-whorl being of about the same length as the spire. It is finely striated throughout, besides having thin, spiral, and somewhat distant ridges, though in some specimens these ridges are by no means prominent. The longitudinal ribs are narrow and slightly oblique. The specimens, in which the sculpture is more pronounced, seem to connect this species with Clathurella. 31. Manertra Inornata, n.sp. Pl. III, Fig. 15. Testa fusiformis, alba; spira acuminata, acutiuscula; anfractus 7, primi 2 leves, sequentes angulati, spiraliter obscurissime lirati, longitudinalter sub-inconspicue costati, superne subconcayo-declives, SOWERBY: 8S, AUSTRALIAN PLEUROTOMID®. 31 infra angulum leviter convexi; anfractus ultimus spiram fere sequans haud costatus, liris spiralibus numerosis per-inconspicuis sculptus, basim versus attenuatus, levissime constrictus; apertura oblonga ; columella recta; labrum tenue, postice breviter sinuatum. Long. 8-50, diam. 3mm. Hab.—St. Vincent’s Gulf. A white shell, resembling in form the typical ribbed Iangilie, but the ribs are only faintly discernible on the spire, and obsolete on the body-whorl. Manerta aticosrata, n.sp. Pl. III, Fig. 16. Testa elongato-turrita, hexagonalis, sordide albida; spira_ per- elongata, ad apicem acuta; anfractus 8, planulati, spiraliter striati, costis longitudinalibus 6, elevatis, acutissimis, continuis instructi; anfractus ultimus brevis, basim versus constrictus, obtuse angulatus, brevissime rostratus; apertura oblonga, breviuscula; labrum acutum, sinu postico latiusculo. Long. 13, diam. 4mm. Hab.—St. Vincent’s Gulf. Shell like an exaggerated form of JL hexagonalis, Reeve, with longer spire, and ribs more prominent and acutely angular. Manerti1a cuspis, n.sp. Pl. III, Fig. 17. Testa fusiformis, utrimque acuminata, albida, antice fusco late zonata, ad apicem fusca; spira acute turrita; anfractus 8, primi 8 (apicales) minuti, politi, ceteri obtuse angulati, spiraliter dense lirati, costis numerosis, angularibus instructi; anfractus ultimus supra angulum leviter concavus, infra convexiusculus, basim versus attenu- atus; columella levissime contorta; apertura elongata; labrum tenue, postice brevissime sinuatum. Long. 8°50, diam. 8mm. Hab.—St. Vincent’s Gulf. Allied to IZ. connectens, with finer sculpture, and distinguished by its sharp brown apex and the brown lower half of the body-whorl. od. ao ANoMALA, Angas, (Purpura) Proc. Zool. Soc. 1877, pl. v, fig. 1. This cert tainly belongs to the Pleurotomidie, and was, in my ee. correctly place “dd by Professor Tate in oS genus Mangilia (Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wailes, vol. v, p. 151), although Mr. Tryon thought well to replace it in the family Purpuride. 385. Manerrra Avstratis, Adams and Angas, (Bela) Proce. Zool. Soe. 1863, p. 420; and var. mitralis= Bela mitralis, Adams and Angas, loc. cit. I cannot admit this last to be a species distinct from M. Australis, the only difference being a greater length of spine. This species was certainly misplaced in the genus Bela, which forms a characteristic group inhabiting the northern seas, Mirromorrna Braztert, Smith, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891, p. 487, pl. ii, fig. 1. Small imperfect specimens from St. Vincent’s Gulf. 37. Cyrmara compra, Adams and Angas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1863, p- 419, pl. xxxvu, fig. 5. Mr. Tryon places this in the genus Daphnella, but, although on the confines, I think it a Cythara. In adult specimens there is a somewhat faint varix behind the lip, which is slightly denticulate within. 32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. REJECTED SPECIES. Mangilia lineata and IM. pura, Reeve. — These are synonyms of | M. rugulosa, Phil., a Mediterranean species not likely to be found | in South Australia. Mangilia Letourneuxiana, Crosse, Journ. de Conch. 1865, p. 425, pl. ii, fig. 7.—I have no evidence that this species occurs in South | Australia. Specimens of J/, Lallemantiana have been mistaken for it. Mangilia gracilina, Ten.-Woods? (see note on JL Adcocki, ante | p. 29).—It would have been convenient to adopt this name had it not been too near *‘ gracillima,”’ a name already twice employed in the | ? a family. Glyphostoma spurca, Hinds.—I have no evidence that this species occurs in South Australia. Specimens of Clathurella parva have been | mistaken for it. EXPLANATION OF PLATE III. Fie. 1. Drillia gratiosa. 2 », dimidiata. = 3 5, Bednalli. 4 +» saxea. 5. Daphnella dulcis. eG: », diluta. SEP Mle 5, tallaciosa. 8 9 10 11 ” ” tle > 3 VCKCOls »» _ bitorquata. y> mimica. 5 Clathurella lamellosa. », 12. Mangilia alucinans. ” bed 99 lies x D var. ornata, Ar ae >, connectens. sh LO. », Inornata. ey as », alticostata. rine lids y> cuspis. lS: », Adcocki; nat, size. You. W. Pi Il. Proc. MaLac.Soc. timp. 1 1 tlanhar = oy delet hth . 1 + -B.Sower SOUTH AUSTRALIAN PLE UROTOMIDA: . DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEW LAND MOLLUSCA FROM NEW ZEALAND AND MACQUARIE ISLAND. By Henry Surer, Christchurch, New Zealand. Read 10th January, 1896. PLATE IV. 1. Lacocuitus Curttoni, n.sp. Pl. IV, Fig..1. Shell very small, turbinate, subperforate, rufous, slightly glossy, thin, semi-transparent, with rather close longitudinal membranous white costelle, which easily rub off; they are nearly equidistant, five to six per millimetre. Spire conical, apex rather pointed; periphery rounded; whorls 5, convex, the first three increasing slowly, the others more rapidly, faintly microscopically spirally striated, the body- whorl about two-thirds of the total height; suture impressed. Aperture subcircular, slightly oblique; peristome simple, straight ; notch at the suture very slightly indicated; columella ip somewhat callous, expanded, completely covering the small umbilicus ; margins convergent, not united by a callus. Base rounded. Operculum not seen. Alt. 3, diam. 2:25 mm. Type in my collection. Hab.—Fern Flat, Buller River, South Island. A single specimen found under a log by Dr. Ch. Chilton, whose name I have much pleasure in connecting with this species. L. Chiltont is near to L. Hedley’, Sut., but the latter is more depressed, the membranous plaits are not equidistant on the body- whorl, the margins of the aperture approximate more, and the narrow umbilicus is open. 2. Lacocuiius (?) Sruperr, n.sp. Pl. IV, Fig. 2. Shell very small, globosely conoidal, perforate, whitish-horny, faintly glossy, fragile, transparent, smooth, showing under the lens regular and close lines of growth. Spire conoidal, rather short ; whorls 33, rather rapidly increasing, convex, slightly flattened below the suture; periphery rounded; suture deep. Protoconch smooth, rather obtuse. Aperture ovate, longitudinal; peristome simple, acute, outer lip regularly arched, basal lip strongly convex, columella lip almost straight, vertical; margins converging, not con- nected by any callosity. There is no indication of a notch at the suture. Umbilicus pervious, very narrow. Base convex. Operculum thin, horny, transparent, with few whorls round a subcentral nucleus. Alt. 3, diam. 2°25mm.; height of aperture 1°5 mm. Type in my collection. Hab—Whangarei, North Island (Mr. Grosch). VOL. II1.—APRIL, 1896. 3 9 or PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Named in honour of Prof. Dr. Th. Studer, Berne, Switzerland. The only specimen I possess is immature, so that the generic position is somewhat doubtful. 3. ArHoracopHorus (PsguDANEITEA) Srmrotut, n.sp. Pl. IV, Figs. 3, 4. Animal (in spirit) elongate, about five times longer than broad, fulvous ; head broadly rounded, tail tapering; back rounded, presenting a botryoidal appearance owing to the numerous strongly q developed papillz; it is separated from the foot by a broad lateral groove, keeled towards the sole, which is lighter-coloured; dorso- median groove, bifurcating towards the head, distinct, extending to the tail. There are about, twenty lateral grooves on each side, “and a lateral area contains two to three rather large papillee. These papille are oval, 1 x 1°5mm., on the central part ot the body, and | about °75 to 1mm. high; the interstices between are granulate. | The mantle-area, which T cannot make out distinctly in the | specimen before me, seems to be triangular, the pulmonary orifice being situated at its anterior angle. The lateral grooves, the keel, and the sole are crossed by numerous transverse furrows. Length 380, breadth 2, height 5mm. (alcoholic specimen). Type in my collection. Hiab.— Collingwood, South Island (Mr. J. Dall). Named in honour of Dr. H. Simroth, of Leipzig. This slug is so distinct and peculiar in its appearance that I will not defer its preliminary description any longer. I have only one specimen, and that in a rather bad state of ‘preservation, since the animal was probably placed alive in strong alcohol. The diagnosis and the sketches I give must be considered as merely provisional. I hope to get some living specimens later on, when the description will be completed, better figures given, and the anatomy investigated. I do not doubt that this species must be assigned to the subgenus Pseudaneitea, since it possesses the main characters of Athoracophorus papillatus, Hutton. The New Zealand species of Athoracophorus now known to science are :— A. bitentaculatus, Q. and G. A. maculatus, Collinge. A. (Konophora) marmoreus, Hutt. . (Pseudaneitea) papillatus, Hutt. A. (Pseudaneitea) papillatus v. nigricans (vy. Mts. MS.), Simroth. A. (Pseudanettea) papillatus v. fasciatus (vy. Mts. MS.), Simroth. A. (Pseudanettea) Simrothi, Sut. 4. Enpoponta (Cuaropa) Rosrveartr, n.sp. Pl. IV, Figs. 5-7. Shell small, subdiscoidal, umbilicated, horny, with radiate rufous streaks which are irr eoularly disposed on the upper surface, form zigzag lines on the periphery, and are obscurely tessellated on the base; dull, thin, semi-transparent. Spire flatly depressed; periphery of SUTER: NEW ZEALAND LAND MOLLUSCA. vo rounded; whorls 5, slowly and regularly increasing, rounded, the last not descending in front; suture impressed; whorls radiately costate, the costz sharp and elevated, directed forwards, arcuate on the upper surface, sinuate on the periphery and base, about ten per millimetre, interstices minutely decussate. Protoconch having fine, narrow costie, obtuse. Aperture lunate, oblique; peristome regularly arched, straight, acute, the outer lip tapering, columella lip short, arcuate, not reflexed; margins convergent ; umbilicus broad, nearly one-fourth of the greatest diameter, showing all the whorls ; base rounded. Diam. max. 4, min. 3°5; alt. 2mm. Type in my collection. Hab.—Tarukenga near Rotorua, North Island (Capt. T. Broun). Named in honour of Mr. B. Rosevear, Fulham, London. This species is nearest to #. Sterkiana, Sut., but may at once be distinguished from it by the cost being wider apart. 5. Enpoponta (CHaropa) Trrrranetensis, n.sp. Pl. IV, Figs. 8-10. Shell small, discoidal, umbilicated, thin, horny, without colour markings, semi-transparent, dull; longitudinally costate, the costa not nuch raised, shghtly directed backwards, sinuated at the periphery ; interstices with fine lines of growth, 9-10 costelle per millimetre. Whorls 5, the first three eradually increasing, the last attaining relatively a considerable development, taking up about one-third of the maximum diameter; suture well impressed. Protoconch smooth, spire ne periphery rounded. Aperture rotundly lunate, oblique ; peristome traight, acute, columella lip shghtly callous and reflexed; margins Being. Umbilicus about one-third of the greatest “diameter, showing all the whorls. Base rounded. Diam. maj. 3°75, min. 3°25; alt. 1°75 mm. Type in my collection. Hab.—Nikau-bush, Titirangi, near Auckland (H. 8.). This shell is closely allied to . anguiculus, Reeve, var. montivaga, Sut., but differs from it in the greater diameter of the four first whorls, the broader last whorl, ete. 6. Laoma ELEGANS, n.sp. Pl. IV, Figs. 11, 12 Shell minute, conoidal, perforate, horny, without colour markings, somewhat glossy, thin, transparent, surface radiately costate, the very distinct costelle str: aight, directed backwards, 15 per millimetre. Spire dome-shaped ; periphery slightly keeled ; whorls 5, flatly rounded, gradually and slowly increasing ; suture impressed. Protoconch smooth, rather large. Aperture transverse, semicircular, with six long slender lamellxe, two on the penultimate whorl and four on the base, the latter lying far back, and only showing through the trans- parent shell on the exterior as white lines. Peristome straight, acute, basal hip broadly rounded, columella lip slightly callous, reflexed ; margins only very slichtly approximate. Umbilicus narrow, but pervious, not covered by the columellar reflection. Base smooth up to the periphery; whitish, flatly rounded. Diam. 2, alt. 1°5 mm. Type in my collection, 36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Hab.—Whangarei, North Island (Mr. Grosch). L. elegans is very distinct from all the species of the genus hitherto described; the aspect of the base and character of the lamelle call to mind some of the species of Sagda. 7. Laoma (Purrxenataus) Lucipa, n.sp. Pl. IV, Figs. 13-15. Shell very small, depressly-turbinate, subperforate, yellowish- horny, shining, pellucid, thin, somewhat smooth, with fine lines of growth (more distinct at the suture), microscopically finely decussate. Spire conoidal; periphery rounded; whorls 5, gradually increasing, rounded; suture rather deep. Protoconch smooth. Aperture lunate, transverse; peristome straight, acute, somewhat callous, columella lip subvertical, slightly retlexed. Umbilicus very narrow, partly covered by the columella lip. Base rounded. Diam, maj. 3, min, 2°75 ; alt. 2mm. Type in my collection. Hab.—Near Auckland, exact locality not stated (Mr. Wright). This species comes nearest to ZL. transitans, Suter, which, however, is higher, banded with chestnut, and has the periphery keeled. The jaw and radula are typical, the former being strongly papillate. The formula of the radula is 20-1—20. var. ELEVATA, n.var.—This variety is higher; the number of whorls is the same, but they are narrower, especially the fourth and fifth. The protoconch is also smooth, and the shell microscopically finely decussate. The colour is darker, the periphery keeled, and the mouth destitute of callosity. Diam. maj. 38, min. 2°75; alt. 2°5 mm. Type in my collection. Hab.—Whangarei, North Island (Mr. Grosch). 8. Laoma (PHrixenaTHUs) sPIRALis, n.sp. Pl. IV, Figs. 16-18. Shell very small, depressly-turbinate, perforate, pale-horny with somewhat irregular radiate rufous streaks, dull, thin, semi-transparent, with close-set longitudinal membranous costellz, produced into ragged processes at the periphery ; there are five to six costelle per millimetre ; the interstices decussate. Spire conoidal, apex pointed, periphery sharply keeled; whorls 5, gradually increasing, flatly rounded ; suture impressed, somewhat constricted, between the fourth and fifth whorls. The protoconch is smooth, but the rest of the shell is distinctly spirally striated, most conspicuously so on the base. Aperture trans- verse, squarish; peristome straight, acute, outer lip sharply keeled, basal lip regularly broadly arched, columella lip subvertical, shghtly arched, and reflexed. Umbilicus narrow, pervious, deep. Base rounded. Diam. maj. 3°25, min. 2°75; alt. 2mm. Type im my collection. Hab.—Pelorus Sound, Marlborough, South Island (Mr. J. McMahon), L. spiralis stands nearest to LZ. phrynia, Hutton, but differs from it in having a more acute spire and a sharper keel on the periphery, in its less rounded whorls with their very distinct spiral striation, in possessing ragged processes to the costelle, and a much narrower umbilicus as well as a constricted portion of the suture. ary ( SUTER: NEW ZEALAND LAND MOLLUSCA. i) Note.-—Laoma (Purrxenatuus) acantuinutopsis, Sut., which I described in Trans. New Zeal. Inst., vol. xxiii (1891), is a synonym of Laoma (Phricgnathus) phrynia, Hutton. Since my description was published, well-preserved specimens of Z. phrynia have come ‘into my possession, and, after careful comparison, | have come to the conclusion that my species is nothing more than a local variety. 9. Laoma (Purixenataus) Morettenporrrt, n.sp. Pl. LV, Figs. 19-21. Shell very small, depressly-turbinate, pale-horny with irregular radiate streaks of chestnut; faintly glossy, very thin, semi-transparent, smooth, microscopically decussate. Spire broadly conoidal, arched ; periphery slightly keeled; whorls 4, gradually increasing in size, convex, the last not descending in front. Protoconch smooth, blunt. Aperture transverse, lunate; peristome straight, acute, outer lip some- what keeled, basal lip broadly arched, columella lp subvertical, slightly reflexed, and callous. Umbilicus narrow, deep, one-sixth of the major diameter. Base rounded. Diam. 2°5, alt. 1°45 mm. Type in my collection. Hab.—Mt. Wellington lava-fields, Auckland (H. 8.). This is another species closely allied to LZ. phrynia, but it is smaller, more depressed, is not ribbed, is microscopically decussate, and has a slightly narrower umbilicus. Named in honour of Dr. O. F. von Mollendorff, Manila. 10. Laoma (Purrxenatuus) Hamitroni, n.sp. Pl. IV, Figs. 22-24. Shell minute, subdiscoidal, umbilicated, yellowish-horny, glossy, pellucid, smooth, with distinct lines of growth, impressed at the suture, not decussate. Spire flat, but little ele rated; periphery rounded; whorls 3}, slowly and regularly increasing, convex, the last not descending. Protoconch microscopically spirally striate. Aperture diagonal, rotundly lunate; peristome straight, acute, outer and basal lip regularly rounded, columella almost straight, oblique, much reflexed. Umbilicus about one-eighth of the diameter, deep. Base rounded. Diam. maj. 2°5, min. 2; alt. 1°25 mm. Type in my collection. Hab.—Macquarie Island, where it was found by Mr. A. Hamilton, of Dunedin, in whose honour the species is named. The specimens were kindly given to me by Prof. J. T. Parker, of Dunedin. This species has its nearest allies, such as Zaoma occultus, Cox, etc., in Tasmania; and it is no doubt also very near to LZ. Campbellica, Filhol, but I have not yet seen that species. 11. Laoma (PuHRIxGNATHUS) SUBLUCIDA, n.Sp. Shell small, depressly-turbinate, subperforate, whitish-horny, glossy, semi-transparent, smooth, with faint, radiate, rufous streaks extending to the umbilicus, not decussate. Whorls 5, gradually increasing, flatly rounded; suture impressed; periphery rounded. Protoconch smooth. Aperture transverse, lunate; peristome straight, acute, shghtly callous; outer and basal lip regularly arched, columella lip 38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. very short, oblique, callous, reflexed, and partly covering the very narrow and pervious umbilicus. Base flatly rounded. Diam. maj. 3, mim. 2°75; alt. 2mm. Type in my collection. Hab.—W aitakerei, Auckland (Mr. T. F. Cheeseman). This species is intermediate between Z. transituns and L. lucida. Tt is distinguished from the latter by the colour-markings, the absence of microscopical spiral striation, and the more opaque texture. L.. transitans differs from it in the higher spire, the distinct growth- lines, and the acute keel at the periphery. No figure is given, as the outline of the shell is very similar to that of L. lucida. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fie. 1. Lagochilus Chiltoni, n.sp. (x 6.) 2 », (°?) Studeri, n-sp. (x 6.) ,, 8, 4. Athoracophorus Simrothi, n.sp. (nat. size.) 5) ,, 90-7. Endodonta Roseveari, n.sp. (x 10.) 9» o-l0. ss Titirangiensis, n.sp. (x 8.) », 11,12. Laoma elegans, n.sp. (x 15.) ,, 18-la. » lucida, n.sp. (x6.) » 16-18. sa spiralissnesp. (a6) , 19-21 », Moellendorfti, n.sp. (x 10.) ee ,, Hamiltoni, n.sp. (x 8.) Wrore EL, Pies ey: = SOG © MALAC. x NEW LAND-SHELLS FROM NEW ZEALAND. —————— oY ON NEOHVALIMAX BRASILIENSIS, n.cen., n.sp. (ALLIED TO HYVALIMAX), FROM BRAZIL. By Dr. Hertnrich Srimroru. Read 10th January, 1896. PLATE V. Nor long ago I received for examination, from the Berlin Museum, a well-preserved specimen of a small slug, which Dr. Von Jhering had found in Rio Grande do Sul. It had been registered as a [Hyalimaz, and outwardly it resembles that genus. Its general appearance agrees with the figure given by Fischer (1); the mantle, however, is more flattened, and some other differences of minor importance exist, which will be discussed later on. Since the genus “yalimaz is restricted to the Nicobar and Andaman Islands and to Pegu, the discovery of a closely allied form in Brazil is of great note, the importance of which is yet further increased by the fact that there is a striking deficiency of slugs in the neotropic region. Heynemann (2) enumerates from Mexico, Central America, Columbia, and the West Indies (omitting Limaxr and Vaginula) the genera Tebennophorus, Megapelta, Peltella, and Cryptostracon, and no other genus from the whole of South America. From the adjacent parts of North America we have Arion, Ariolimax, Prophysaon, Hemphillia, and Pallifera. The indigenous genera apparently have but a limited distribution. Without dissection it is impossible for me to throw any hght upon the mutual relations of these genera, but there is no difficulty in eliminating them from the present discussion, because those genera living in Brazil which somewhat resemble the new slug—z.e. Cryptostracon and Peltella—have ribbed jaws. The specimen in question, being unique, cannot be sacrificed, so the following description of it is necessarily imperfect. The animal is a true slt @, ze. there is no opening in the mantle ; nevertheless, it is not limacoid, for the body is flattened, the foot- sole is too broad, and the mantle too much expanded. Length, 17 mm. breadth of the foot, 7mm. The foot-sole is of a pale flesh colour, without grooves. The locomotor disc can only be distinguished from the sides towards the posterior end. The mantle occupies the full breadth of the animal, and half its length. It is flat on the upper surface, thus corresponding with the shell below. There is no mantle- cap, asin Limax or Arion, the prominent declivous portion not beng broader than the mantle edge of //ediz. The skin of the neck is united to the mantle almost immediately behind its anterior margin, and in front of the shell. The mantle has a groove all round the margin, a little deeper in front than behind. The pulmonary aperture is on the right-hand side of the mantle, somewhat behind the middle (Pl. V, Fig. 2). Although the mantle margin is thick and fleshy, the shell 40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. and some obscure markings beneath it are visible through the thin, transparent dorsal region. A yellow spot (Pl. V, Fig. 1, y.s.) on the left side near the posterior end of the mantle looks as if it were the nucleus of the shell; this, however, is an illusion, The rest of the integument is smooth, with scarcely a wrinkle; indeed, it is difficult to trace the boundary of the foot-fringe (which I have named the ‘‘Sohlenleiste’’) by means of the parapodial groove (pedal-groove of Pilsbry). Only two tentacles are present, viz. the ommatophores. The genital opening is situated immediately behind the right tentacle, and appears as a fissure slanting obliquely towards the foot. In front of the foot-sole there is a broad transverse groove, as in all Stylom- matophora. The mouth is situated directly above and almost within this groove, and is bounded on either side by a labial lobe. These lobes do not meet, a small free space being left immediately above the mouth itself. It thus offers a contrast to Hyalimax Maillardi, the upper lip of which presents a more complete arc. No osphradium (‘* Geruchsleiste’’) was observed beneath the mantle margin. ‘The upper surface is of a very pale ochre colour, with a shade of lilac, principally on the surface of the mantle; greyish or blackish spots are scattered over it. The tail has two black bands shading off later: ally. Rows of fine spots mark the median neck groove and the margin of the foot. The whole skin, though preserved in a firm condition, 1s transparent; hence it may be inferred, from analogy, that during life all the organs can be distinguished through the integ ument. The mantle-sae and the shell.—The mantle encloses a large cavity, which is completely filled by the shell. This latter is a small flat plate of 9mm. in length, and 6mm. in breadth (Pl. V, Fig. 8). It did not appear to be attached at any point to the base of the cavity. Beneath the light-yellowish periostracum the lime was deposited in concentric rings, with an excentric nucleus to the left of the posterior end. The nearer the nucleus, the thicker is the shelly matter. The periphery is solid, surrounded, near the posterior right-hand margin, by a brown conchiolin line. The nucleus is somewhat thickened; the shell throughout is perfectly flat, and therefore does not enclose any of the soft parts. In Hyalimax it is slightly arched (Fischer). One is surprised to find that the yellow spot in the mantle is not over the nucleus of the shell. This spot forms the undermost layer of the mantle itself (Pl. V, Fig. 5). It is structureless and of a hard cartilaginous nature. The black spot above it is situated on the surface. It consists, not of a single chromatophore, but of a group. I consider, however, that the yellow spot is the primitive shell. This is demonstrated by its structure and position; for if the shell in the course of its growth increased slightly at its posterior end, the primitive shell, between which and the integument there is a singularly close connection, could not fail to become separated from it. The pallial organs. —The membrane which constitutes the floor of the mantle cavity also forms the roof of the pulmonary chamber (PL. V, Fig. 4), of the pericardium, of the nephridium, of parts of the liver, and of the intestine. The floor of the pulmonary chamber is smooth, colourless, and transparent. The details shown in Fig. 4 SIMROTH : ON NEOHYALIMAK. 4] relate to the roof only. This presents a honeycombed structure, marked over with black, which disappears towards the left side. The pigmentation is most intense at the periphery. Thence some blackish threads radiate towards the pericardium: this blackish net- work attains its greatest density in the right corner of the pulmonary cavity, where respiration is most active. These blackish rays are visible from the outside through the shell and the mantle wall. |The position of the heart is remarkable, it being situate on the short base of the elongate, triangular, yellow kidney, or nephridium. The latter bears the secretory lamellee on. its upper side, and these lamelle are bound together by transverse, oblique connectives. | The pigment.—In addition to its occurrence in the roof of the pulmonary chamber, melanine is deposited in certain places in the interior of the animal, viz.—(1) As in all Stylommatophora, in the great, brown retractor muscles of the omm: ee (2) in the wall ‘of the hermaphrodite duct (PL. V, Fig. 9, 4.d.); (8) on the surface of the hermaphrodite gland, or gonad. This ee is situated on the left side, behind the liver, and is partly covered by a thin projecting | portion thereof; it bears, on its outer side only, an ink-like spot of pigment, which also extends partly over the projecting process of the liver. I think the only cone ‘lusion to be drawn from this distribution of the pigment is, that its deposition results on the one hand from activity of growth, or function, and on the other from the action of light. Probably its deposition in the body-wall corresponds with the | distribution of the nerves. | The alimentary systen.— The pharynx and the alimentary canal, ) with the salivary glands and the two digestive glands, have the gene rall , form shown on PI. VY, Fig. 6: The jaw (Fig. 7) is brown, and has a sharp edge, with a slight median process (erygnath) and a lighter- coloured palatal plate (elasmognath), the two posterior corners of which are somewhat prominent. ‘This plate is finely sculptured, the thread-like markings converging towards the median projection. In the radula (Pl. V, Fig. 8) the median tooth is trict uspid, the middle cusp being very large. In the lateral teeth the median cusp is still larger, and directed obliquely towards the middle line of the radula ; the inner cusp is reduced in size, whilst the outer one is duplice uted. In the marginal teeth the inner cusp increases in size, whilst the exterior outer cusp subdivides, giving rise to three outer cusps (PL. V, Fig. 8, No. 20). It is, however, uncertain whether the outermost tooth in the figure be a true marginal. The contents of the stomach were somewhat darker than is usual in carnivorous slugs. Plant fibres were observable. I came to the conclusion that the animal had not fed on green leaves, but on dead ones, that had fallen to the ground, on which it lives. Genitalia.—The specimen is fully developed. The tubules of the roundish gonad converge towards the black hermaphrodite duct, which terminates in a small, slender, pale vesicula seminalis (PI. V, Fig. ays The albumen gland is yellow, ‘small and kidney-shaped. Immediately beyond this the male and female ducts separate, no true hermaphrodite duct being formed. The male duct, or prostate, is wide and glandular, a 42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. becoming suddenly narrower to form the vas deferens, which also bears in its proximal portion some glandular swellings. The short retractor penis originates in the diaphr: agm, and has its distal insertion at the junction of the vas deferens with the long penis. The latter consists of a narrow spiral portion and a wider distal one: a true epiphallus cannot, however, be distinguished. Probably the sperm is not enclosed in a spermatophore, but freely ejected. The upper part of the pale-yellowish oviduct is wide and glandular; the distal portion is narrow and cylindrical: after uniting with the duct of the elliptical receptaculum seminis it forms a long vagina. A common atrium genitale is barely distinguishable. The receptaculum contained only mucous matter, and no traces of spermatophores: this accords with the structure of the penis. The inner walls of the penis and vagina are lined with papille. Those of the latter are cartilaginous, and disposed in rows of six, and higher up of five, presenting the appearance of a head of maize (Pl. V, Fig. 10). Those of the penis are stout and conical in shape, and vary somewhat in size (Pl. V, Fig. 11). The suggestion may be hazarded that during copulation the papille of the penis (feczpapillen) interlock with those of the vagina. The nervous system.—The most significant point about the nerve- collar is the shortening of the visceral commissure. The cerebral gangha are connected by a long commissure, equalling in length the maximum diameter of a single cerebral ganglion. The arra ingement of the buccal ganglia is precisely similar. The lateral connectives are, however, shorter than the cerebral commissure. ‘The pedal ganglia are united as in all Stylommatophora; the pleuro-visceral ganglia, welded into a single transverse mass, lie immediately above them. This mass is narrower in the middle than it is towards the sides. The union of me ganglia appears to be very intimate, since there is apparently only 1 feeble connective-tissue sheath. The origin of the nerves 1 have riot been able to trace out. The muscular system and tentacles—The degree of development of the tentacles seems highly interesting, since I can distinguish only two, 7.e. the ommatophores, the lesser pair being wanting. Possibly a small knob on the left side might be interpreted as representing one ; but since I found no corresponding one on the right side, this knob was probably a projection of the pedal gland, or a lobe of Semper’s organ, or a mesenterial thickening. Indeed, the various delicate structures around the mouth are difficult to distinguish. I think it is certain that the smaller tentacles, if not wanting altogether, are yet more reduced than in Sweeinea. The right ommatophore embraces the penis on the outer side, as in Helix. The columellar muscle resembles in a certain sense that of Urocyclus or Parmacella, but a more careful investigation reveals some distinctive differences. The short, common stem originates on the right side of the posterior margin of the mantle-line. There is some reason for the suggestion that this point originally coincided with the nucleus of the shell and the yellow spot on the mantle above described, a divergence taking place during growth. Further on, the muscle splits up into SIMROTH: ON NEOHYALIMAX. 43 four bundles, the two shorter and inner ones being inserted in the buccal mass or pharynx, whilst the lateral ones are attached directly to the body-wall on each side of the mouth. These are not pigmented. The right lateral bundle les on the inner side of the penis. ‘The muscles of the ommatophores, which have slender terminations, unite with these bundles at a point near the cerebral ganglia, and represent only secondary branches of them. Thus the distal ends of the lateral \bundles are on the same level as the roots of the ommatophores, ‘the bundles themselves occupying the places of the missing smaller tentacles. The pedal gland.—The pedal gland opens below the mouth, and is ‘one-fourth the length of the body. It is sharply circumscribed, and somewhat flocky, the excretory duct being visible from the upper side. It is attached to the body-wall by mesenterial tissue. Generic position.—It is much to be regretted that Fischer, when describing his Hyalimax Maillardi, paid no attention to the separa- tion of the male and female ducts, the tentacles, the columellar muscle, the pedal gland, etc.; nor have we any information whether ‘the shell envelops any portion of the intestinal sac or not, so that a correct comparison is very difficult. As far as it is possible to arrive at any conclusion, the Brazilian form agrees perfec tly pwith Hyalimax iw. its habitat, its mantle, its foot-sole, jaw, radula, land the simple termination of its genital organs, as well as in the lack of accessory glands, dart sac, ete. The sole difference consists in the position of the genital opening. This in the Brazilian form is nearer to the ommatophore than in the true Z/yalimax. 'The difference in the ‘insertion of the receptacular duct is only one of specitic, not of ) generic, value. It, however, seems very probable, considering the | wide geographical separation of the two, that more exact investigation ped bring further differences to light. J therefore propose to call the new form Neohyalimax Br asiliensis, which may rank either as a subgenus of Hyalimax or as a new genus altogether; the value of the more flattened shell and more forward position of the genital opening being merely subjective. Position in the family: (a) Its relation to the Succineida.—The fore- going description demonstrates that Meohyalimax is closely allied to | Succinea, on the basis of the following points of resemblance: the | elasmognathous jaw; the radula; the early separation of the genital | ducts ; the absence of accessory genital glands; the wide separation of | the supra- -pharyngeal ganglia ; the fusing towether of the pleuro-visceral ganglia; the position of the heart; and ie absence of foot-sole erooves. Possibly to this may be added the distribution of the blood-vessels in the wall of the pulmonary chamber, the respiratory area being equally divided into an intestinal lung and a columellar lung (“«Darmlunge” and ‘Spindellunge’’) in Semper’ ssense(3). This hypothesis i is founded | on the suggestion that the principal black line in Fig. 4 is identical with the principal pulmonary vein. The relationship of Meohyalimax to the neotropical genus Homalonyx, which is placed between Hyalimax and Suecinea in the textbooks (Fischer, Pilsbry), is more critical. | Decision on this point must be deferred until a further and better 44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. investigation of the present genus has been made. At present the connection with //yalimax seems to be the more intimate; but possibly we have only to deal with the results of convergence. The Succineidee, which show great predilection for moisture, in spreading out from a | northern centre across the Equator would seem to have given rise to several forms of slugs. /Zyalimax on the one side, lomalonyx and Neo- hyalimaz on the other, would be southern outposts. This hypothesis would be in accordance with the theory put forward by Dr. Haacke and myself, that the greatest number of groups of terrestrial animals originate in those parts of the world where the continuity of land is greatest. An entirely different conclusion would result from the evidence of a nearer relationship between Zyalimax and Neohyalimax than between the latter and ZZomalonyx. It would accord with the idea of an old Jurassic land connection between South America and Africa. 1; yalimac, indeed, is not African, but restricted to the Indian region; there is, however, a form from Kihmandjaro described by Von Martens as Parmarion Kerstenii (4), which is likely to be nearly allied thereto. I merely wish to show by these remarks that a more intimate knowledge of these animals would throw light upon questions of very general interest. (b) Lts relation to the Athoracophoride.—Succineoid slugs, such as Hyalimax and Neohyalimax, are in a certain sense of general systematic importance. Placing the Succineidie at the end of the quadritentaculate Stylommatophor: , the textbooks include the rest as Bitentaculata, in the families Athoracophoride, Vaginulidee, Oncidiidse, overlooking the disappearance of the smaller tentacles in some small Pupide, ete. I group these three families under Mesommatophora, taking the Athoracophoride as a transitional form. Fischer joins the Athoracophoride to the Succineide, and groups together the Vaginulidee and Oncidiide as Ditremata. Pelseneer places the Succineidee, with Athoracophorus, at one end of the Stylommatophora, and the Vaginulide and Oncidiidee at the other. I should not like to do so. The intimate fusion of the pleuro-visceral ganglia demonstrates the derived character of the Succineide ; on the other hand, the total absence of a columellar muscle is an important point of agreement between the Athoracophoride and the Ditremata, the lack of a common atrium genitale in the Succineide forming a transition to the state of separate genital openings which obtains in the Ditremata. Atopos would be the intermediate form. The relationship between the Succineide and the Athoracophoride has been founded upon the similarity of their jaws and radule. Perhaps the columellar muscle of M eohyalima. v, in which the retractors of the tentacles attain a certain degree of independence, may prove another point of affinity. Nevertheless, the pallial organs, even though imperfectly known, exhibit a wide divergence. For this reason I should prefer the arrangement given by Fischer, 7.e. Succineidee, Athoracophoride, Vaginulide, Oncidiide, with the modification that each of the three latter families is to be looked upon as independent. Proc. Macac.Soc. Vov.I. PL.V H. Simroth del. J. Green lith. NEOHYALIMAX BRASILIENSIS wgenetsp. 3. 9? > SIMROTH : ON NEOHYALIMAX. 45 REFERENCES. Fiscoer, P.—Anatomie de deux Mollusques pulmonés terrestres appartenant aux genres Xanthonyx et Hyalimax: Journ. de Conchyl., xv (1867), pp- 213-221, 1 pl. Heynemann, D. F.—Die nackten Landpulmonaten des Erdbodens: Jahrb. Deutsch. Malak. Ges., xii (1885), pp. 2386-8380. Simrotu, H.—Zur vergleichenden Morphologie der Pulmonaten-Niere: Semper’s Reisen im Archipel. Philippinen, Th. IT, Bd. ii, Suppt. Nacktschnecken: Deutsch-Ostafrica, iv (1895), p. 19. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Neohyalimax Brasiliensis, n.gen., n.sp., viewed from above. x 2. The same, seen from the right side. The shell, viewed from above. x 2. Floor of the shell-cavity, seen from above. x 4. per. pericardium (with the auricle in front). 4%. kidney. 7. digestive gland. The anterior portion is the roof of the pulmonary chamber. 5. Part of the mantle with a portion of the yellow spot. The yellow conchiolin substance is beneath; the black pigment spot is above it. 6. Alimentary system. j. jaw. ph. pharynx. 7.s. radula-sac. s.g/. salivary glands. /./. lett lobe of the digestive gland. 7.2. right lobe of the digestive gland. .g. hermaphrodite gland. Jaw, enlarged. Teeth of the radula. Genital organs. h.g. hermaphrodite gland, or gonad. /.d. herma- phrodite duct. a/.g. albumen gland. ves. vesicula seminalis. pr. ‘*prostate.’? v.d. vas delerens. 7.p. retractor penis muscle. yp. penis. od. oviduct. re.s. receptaculum seminis. v. vagina. 10. Interior of the vagina, magnified, viewed under reflected light. ll. Part of the wall ot the penis, magnified, viewed under transmitted light. mo he oan 46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. ON A COLLECTION OF SLUGS FROM THE SANDWICH ISLANDS. By Wattrr E. Corriner, F.Z.S., Assistant Lecturer and Demonstrator in Zoology and Comparative Anatomy, Mason College, Birmingham. Read 1)th January, 1896. Turoven the kindness of Mr. E. R. Sykes, I have been permitted to | make an examination of the slugs collected by Mr. R. C. L. Perkins | in the Sandwich Islands for a Joint Committee of the Royal Society | and British Association. Some of the material has been hardened in | a solution of corrosive sublimate, which has made dissection some- what difficult. I have, however, been able to make out fairly well the chief features of the alimentary ‘and reproductive organs. I am also greatly indebted to Mr. Sykes for the assistance he has rendered me with respect to the bibliography ; whilst to Professor Cockerell I must express my thanks for directing my attention to a species of Janella, said to have come from the Sandwich Islands. The first mention of the slug-fauna of the Sandwich Islands is that by Eydoux and Souleyet, in their account of the molluscan fauna of this region in 1852-3. They there describe a new species, Limax Sandwichiensis, and figure the animal and shell. Their description is as follows :— “Timax Sandwichiensis, nobis, pl. xxvii, figs. 8-11.—Limax, corpore elevato, posticé acuminato, obliqué striato, supra nigricante, subtus albido; clypeo oblongo, anticé angusto, subrugosa. Ossiculo ovato, crasso, supra gibboso.”’ Semper (11) in a foot-note to his description of Zimax tennellus, Nilss., says that there is a species—Limax Sandwichiensis—exceedingly like Z. tennellus, but somewhat smaller, which occurs in the Sandwich Isles. In external appearance and in the form of the reproductive organs, the two are in complete harmony. The only differences he found were some minor ones in the teeth of the lingual ribbon, and to these he was inclined to attach but little importance. Semper seems to have had but little doubt that the Limax he examined was identical with L. tennellus, Nilss. Unfortunately he makes no mention of the shell. It was pointed out by Tryon (14) that in the figure of the shell of Limax Sandwichiensis, there was a central nucleus, like a Patella. With some reserve, on account of the insufficient description, he placed this species in the genus Amalia. Heynemann (7) ‘records from the Sandwich Islands an Agriolimax Sandwichiensis (Souleyet), which he thought to be near Agr. levis. Whether the slugs examined by Semper and Heynemann were the same as those collected by Eydoux and Souleyet, it is impossible to say. Neither Semper nor ‘Hey nemann, one would suppose, could over- look the very peculiar shell. COLLINGE: SANDWICH ISLAND SLUGS. 47 The slug here described as Agriolimax globosus is not unlike that imperfectly characterized by Eydoux and Souleyet in 1852, but it has no specialized shell such as they detail and figure; on the contrary, there were in the three specimens dissected only loose, minute, calcareous discs. Unless other material be forthcoming, I fear that the Agr. Sandwichiensis, Eyd. and Soul., will have to remain a very doubtful species, for at present we know of no species of Agriolimax or Amalia that possesses a shell at all approaching the one figured by Eydoux and Souleyet, and reproduced by Tryon (14), pl. liv, figs. 71-3. It is quite distinct from any of the known genera of Limacide, and that, I agree with Tryon, is in itself sufficient to justify the constitution of anew genus. 1. AGRIOLIMAX GLOBOSUS, N.sp. Animal, head, mantle, and dorsum of a bluish-grey colour; sides of the body a light yellowish-brown. Posterior portion of the body attenuated, pointed, and keeled. Mantle large, pointed in front. Foot-sole and foot-frmge yellow. Lateral rugze arranged obliquely. Shell consists of a series of loose, minute, calcareous discs. Length (an alcohol) 15-18 mm., mantle 5-75—-7 mm. Hab.—Mauna Loa, Hawaii. Anatomy.—There are four convolutions in the intestine, and the right lobe of the liver forms the apical portion of the visceral mass. The generative organs are very distinct from those of the other species of the genus, the nearest ally being Agr. tennellus, Nilss. The free oviduct is a long wide tube, and opens into a much convoluted sac-like oviduct. There is no distinction between the upper and lower portion of the free oviduct as in Z. tennellus, Nilss. The penis is a wide short tube, terminating in a bulbous head, to which the retractor muscle is attached; this muscle, unlike that of Z. tennellus, is short and broad. From the side of the penis (Fig. I), the vas deferens passes off, leading into a wide tube, the prostatic portion of the common duct. There is a small bilobed flagellum (Fig. I, 7/.), passing off from the posterior portion of the penis. In ZL. tennellus there is little or no flagellum. The receptaculum seminis is an irregularly shaped sac with a short duct, which opens some little distance behind the penis; in this particular it differs from any other species of the genus, so far as I am aware. The albumen gland is small. The hermaphrodite gland (Fig. I, /.g/.) is single, and opens into the common duct by a short hermaphrodite duct. 2. AGRIOLIMAX PERKINSI, n.sp. Animal, ground colour light-brown, dorsum, also head and posterior portion of the mantle, darker; sulci black, lighter towards foot- fringe; foot-sole and foot-fringe yellowish-brown. Mantle long and attenuated. Lateral rugze arranged obliquely. Shell absent. Length (in alcohol) 18-21 mm. Hab.—ILanai, 2000 feet. Anatomy.—The free oviduct is an unusually long and wide tube, showing a series of constrictions, into the first of which the somewhat 48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCTETY. DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES. Fic. I. Generative organs of Agriolimax globosus, sp.nov. x 8. », Il. Generative organs of Agriolimax Perkinst, sp.nov. x 8. », III. Portion of the generative organs of Amalia gagates, Drap. x 8. », IV. Sperm-duct of A. gagates, Drap. Enlarged. » V. Ilead and mantle of A. gagates, Drap. », VI. Portion of the generative organs of Zebennophorus striatus, Hasselt. x 8. COLLINGE: SANDWICH ISLAND SLUGS. 49 LETTERING. alb.gl. albumen gland. p- penis. ac.gl. accessory gland. pr. prostate. fl. flagellum. r.d. receptacular duct. h.d. hermaphrodite duct. r.m. retractor muscle. h.gl. hermaphrodite gland. r.s. receptaculum seminis. ov’. free oviduct. sp.d. sperm-duct. ov. oviduct. v.d. vas deferens. long receptacular duct opens (Fig. Il, 7.d.). The receptaculum seminis is small and globular. The oviducal portion of the common duct (Fig. II, ov.), is a wide tube folded twice upon itself. The penis is a large twisted organ, and in length considerably exceeds the same organ in any other species of the genus (Fig. II, p.). At a point about one-sixth of its length from “the genital opening it gives off a blunt flagellum; it then expands into a sac-like portion, thence it continues for a short distance as a straight tube, and then, making a sharp turn, becomes folded upon itself, at its junction with the vas deferens (Fig. II, v.d.). This latter is a narrower tube, leading into the prostatic portion of the common duct, which is longer and narrower than in Agr. globosus. There is a large oval albumen gland. The hermaphrodite gland (Fig. II, /.g/.) is somewhat pyriform in shape, and opens into a short convoluted duct. I have much pleasure in associating with this interesting species the name of Mr. R. C. L. Perkins. The differences in the form of the reproductive organs of Agr. globosus and Agr. Perkinsi are fairly well marked, and easily distinguish them from their nearest allies. The question, however, of How far the form of the penis, free oviduct, ete., vary in a known species, is one of great interest, and must sooner or later be investi- gated. Dr. J. F. Babor, of Prague (2), has published some interesting notes in connection with this subject, and it is greatly to be hoped that he may find opportunity for further extending his researches. The species of Agriolimax, recently described as new by Simroth (12), seem to me to be established on minute variations common to all mollusea, as do those figured and described by Babor and Kostal (1). Possibly later investigations may prove that in this genus the reproductive organs are subject to a wide range of variation, and that recourse will have to be had to the general anatomy. In A, Sowerbyti and A. gagates the only variations in the generative organs I have been able to find are in the form and number of the accessory glands and the constrictions in the sperm-duct (4). 3. AMALIA GAGATES (Drap.). The specimens of A. gagates which come from Maui differ slightly from those I have examined from various European localities. The groove on the mantle terminates anteriorly as a sharp point (Fig. V); and on the head, in the mid-dorsal line, there is the peculiar groove so conspicuous in 4. rodie’, Simr. Internally there are also “slight differences in the form of the sperm-duct (Figs. HI and LV, sp.d.) and accessory glands. Probably all these characters are due to VOL. I1.—APRIL, 1896. t 59 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. isolation, and are not sufficient in themselves to separate them from the European A. gagates. 4, TrpennopHorvs sTriatus (Hasselt). There are two examples of this species, which differ somewhat externally, but an examination of the generative system (in part represented in Fig. VI) leaves no doubt that they both belong to this species. Hab.—Mount Tantalus, near Honolulu. This species was first described by Hasselt (6) under the generic title of Ieghimatium. In 1867 Von Martens (10) placed it in the | genus Philomycus, Rafinesque, 1820. The anatomy has been carefully | described and figured by Keferstein (9). I am using Binney’s generi¢ title of Zebennophorus, which, I think, is preferable, seeing that it is accompanied by a fairly good diagnosis. While admitting many of Professor Cockerell’s arguments (3) against the rule, ‘‘ once a synonym always a synonym,” I think the safer plan is to accept such a rule. Concerning Binney’s description there can be no doubt. 5. Trpennopnorvs Avstratis (Bergh) ? There is only one example of this species, and the generative organs are not developed. There is a single black line at either side of the pony: and the dorsum is mottled with black. Length (in alcohol) 23 mm. Hab.—Mount Tantalus, Oahu. List or Sprecres oF SLUGS RECORDED FROM THE SANpDWwicH IsLANDs. Those marked with an asterisk are doubtful. Limax tennellus, Nilss. See Amalia gagates, Drap. Semper (11). * Amalia Sandwichiensis, Kydoux. *Agriolimax Sandwichiensis, Sou- — Tebennophorus striatus, Hasselt. leyet. Tebennophorus Australis (Bergh)? Agriolimax globosus, n.sp. Janella sp. Agriolimax Perkinst, n.sp. Dr. J. G. Cooper records a species of Janella, ‘found in a bale of the Palu fern, brought from the Sandwich Islands for mattrass-making.” (Vide Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1871, vol. v, p. 195.) BrIsiioGRAPry. 1. Babor, J. and Kostal, J —« Prispevky ku poznanf pomert pohlay- nich u nekterych Limacidti”’: Sitz. Gesell. Wiss. Prag. Math. Nat. Classe, 1893, No. li, p. 7, Taf. xx. . Babor, J. F.—“ Uber den Cyclus der Geschlechtsentwicklung der Stylommatophoren”?: Verh. deutsch. Zool. Gesell. 1894, pp. 55-61, figs. 1-10. 10. Hi. 13. 14. COLLINGE: SANDWICH ISLAND SLUGS. 51 . Cockerell, T. D. A.—‘‘ A Check-List of the Slugs”: Conchologist, vol. 11, 1893, p. 215. . Collinge, W. E.—‘‘ On the Generative Anatomy of Amalia mar- ginata, Drap., and some remarks upon the Genus”: Journ. Malac., vol. ii, 1894, pp. 70-3, fig. 1. . Eydoux and Souleyet.—‘‘ Voyage autour du monde sur la corvette La Bonite.” Paris, 1852: Zoologie, Tom. 1, p. 497. . Hasselt, F. C. van.—‘‘ Extrait d’une lettre de F. C. van Hasselt sur les Mollusques de Vile de Java”: Bull. Sci. Nat. Geol., i, 1824, pp. 81-7. Heynemann, D. F.—‘‘ Die Nackten Landpulmonaten des Erd- bodens”: Jahrb. Deutsch. Malak. Gesell. 1885, pp. 236-830. ‘“‘Die Kiefer von Philomycus Carolinensis, Bosc., und Australis, Bergh”: Nachr. Deutsch. Malak. Gesell., i1, 1871, ppal,2,, lat. 1, fies, 1,2. . Keferstein, W.—‘‘ Ueber die Anatomie der Gattungen Jnezllaria, Benson, und Ieghimatium, Hasselt, im Vergleich mit der von Philomycus, Rafinesque”’: Malak. Blatt. 1866, pp. 64-70, aie Martens, E. von.—Preussische Exped. Ost-Asien: Zool. Theil, 4570 Peaniey cpa Woh Semper, C.—‘‘ Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen.” Th. II, Bd. 11, Landmollusken (1870), p. 84, note. . Simroth, H.—‘‘ Ueber einige von Herrn Dr. Sturany auf der Balkanhalbinsel erbeutete Nacktschnecken”?: Ann. k.k. naturhist. Hofmuseums, ix (1894), pp. 391-4, Taf. xix, figs. 1-11. ‘‘ Versuch einer Naturgeschichte der Deutschen Nackt- schnecken”: Zeitsch. Wiss. Zool., xlii (1885), pp. 208-366, pls. vu—xi. Tryon, G. W.—‘‘ Manual of Conchology.” Ser. ii, vol. i, 1885, p. 220, Taf. liv, figs. 70-3. Gr bo PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. ORDINARY MEETING. Fray, 8ta Novemser, 1895, Prof. G. B. Howes, Sec. L.S., President, in the Chair. The following papers were read :— 1. ‘‘ Descriptions of new species of Terrestrial and Fluviatile Mol- lusca from the Hadramaut, South Arabia.” By J. Cosmo Melvill, M.A., F.L.S., etc., and J. H. Ponsonby, F.Z.8., ete. 2. ‘Notes on the Anatomy of Hanleya abyssorum, M. Sars.” By R. H. Burne. 3. ‘* Description of Cassis Adcocki, a new species.” By G. B. Sowerby, F.L.S., ete. 4. ‘“ Description of a new species of Vitrina and new forms of Helicide, with a list of the Helicoid shells hitherto found in the Canary Islands.” By G. K. Gude, F.Z.8., etc. 5. ‘Description of Streptaxis paulus, a new species.” By G. K. Gude, F.Z.S8., ete. The President called attention to, and made some remarks upon, a portrait of Rondeletius, which had been presented by Dr. Woodward to the Linnean Society. A letter from Mr. H. Fisher, of the Jackson-Harmsworth Expe- dition, written from winter quarters in Franz-Josef Land, was read. Specimens were exhibited by Mr. Melvill, Mr. Sowerby, and Mr. Gude in illustration of their papers. Mr. Sowerby also exhibited a remarkable shell from South Australia, belonging to the genus Conus (?). Mr. Da Costa exhibited from the Galapagos Is.:—Bulimulus nua, Brod., B. inralidus, Reib., B. rugulosus, Sow., B. unifasciatus, Sow., B. Bauri, Dall, B. amastroides, Ancey, Pleuropyrgqus Chemnitziordes, Forbes, P. Habel’, Stearns, Leptinaria Chathamensis, Dall, Suceinea Betti, Smith, and LHelicina nesiotica, Dall, all from Chatham I.; Bulimulus eschariferus, Sow., and Suecinea Betti’, Smith, from Charles I.; Bulimulus olla, Dall, from Duncan I.; B. tortuganus, Dall, from Albemarle I. Mr. Moss exhibited a white specimen of Helix perplexa, Fér., from Grenada. Mr. Sykes exhibited shells from a deposit at Blashenwell, Dorset. ORDINARY MEETING. Fripay, 13TH Drcemser, 1895. Prof. G. B. Howns, Sec. L.8., President, in the Chair. The following were elected Members of the Socicty: R. H. Burne, G. HL. Clapp. PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Ys) After a few introductory remarks by the President, Prof. W. A. Herdman, F.R.S., delivered a lecture entitled ‘‘The Culture of the Edible Oyster.” Some discussion took place, in which Dr. Woodward, Messrs. Burrows, Houston, B. B. Woodward, and others, joined, and Prof. Herdman replied. is to be used at all, it must be applied to the glandular part of the oviduct (Fig. II, d.g.). The organ which the Swiss naturalist considered as an accessory gland appended to the oviduct (Fig. I, a) is, in fact, the lower section of the main genital duct, the opening of which he had failed to discover. The re eally accessory part of the system is that which he considered as the main one, z.e. the copulatory chamber, with a special opening which Claparéde believed to be the only genital aperture. The connecting duct he regarded as a narrow portion of the only genital duct he believed to exist, whilst it is, in fact, only a communication between the main (incubatory) and the acce ‘ssory (copulatory) branches of the forked oviducal system. These facts must needs be taken into account by those who would undertake a comparative study of the genital organs in Gastropoda; and further details, together with a histological description, will be forthcoming in a monograph of Neritina fluviatilis which my assistant, Dr. Lenssen, has in course of preparation. 84 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. REPORT ON A COLLECTION OF POLYPLACOPHORA FROM PORT | PHILLIP, VICTORIA. By E. R. Syxzs, B.A., F.Z.8., ete. Read 13th March, 1896. PLATE VI. Tue very interesting collection to which the following pages refer was formed by Mr. J. Bracebridge Wilson,' M.A., F.L.S., and placed in my hands by the Port Phillip Exploration Committee of the Royal Society of Victoria. One fact brought out strikingly by a study of this collection is how little we yet know of the fauna of the Australian seas, so far as relates to the present group. Of twenty-two species, no less than seven were, when collected, new or undescribed. Five of these are described in the present paper; one has recently (December, 1895) been described by Mr. Pilsbry; and the other will, 1 understand, shortly appear under the name of Jschnochiton Tateanus, Bednall. To Mr. Pilsbry, who has in so special a manner made the group his own, I desire to tender my most grateful thanks for the invaluable assistance he has rendered me in the elucidation of difficult points. The first question which arises is the determination of the correct name for the Order in which these molluscs are placed. In my opinion this should be PotypracopHora, Gray. The references which it is necessary to mention are as follows :— 1816. Polyplaxiphores, Blainville: Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, p. 122 1821. Polyplacophora, Gray: London Medical Repository, vol. xv, . 234, 1824. Polyplaxiphora, Blainville: Dict. Sci. Nat., Article ‘ Mol- lusques,”’ vol. xxxui, p. 380. 1825. Polyplaxiphora, Blainville: Manuel de Malacologie, p. 601. 1829. Polyplakiphora, Guilding: Zool. Journ., vol. v, No. 17, p. 25. 1879. Polyplaciphora, Dall: Scient. Results of Expl. of Alaska, p- 89. 1886. Polyplacophora, Haddon: Zoology of H.M.S. ‘ Challenger,” part xl. 1892-4. Polyplacophora, Pilsbry: Man. Conch., ser. i, vols. xiv—xv. Blainville’s original publication contained no definition of the group, and he only used the French word. Gray defined the group, and he also used the Latin termination; but, curiously enough, he named as a synonym Polyplaxiphora, Blainville. I have been unable 1 It is with great regret that I record Mr. Wilson’s death, which occurred on October 22nd, 1895, at the age of 67. SYKES: POLYPLACOPHORA FROM PORT PHILLIP. 85 ‘to trace any use of the Latin termination, or any description by Blainville, prior to 1824. Since, in my judgment, Gray’s name can stand as the author, the emendations of various authors appear to be unnecessary. Hermannsen has suggested that the derivation is from vohvs, wAak, and gepw: it appears, however, that @opéw is better than the last word as the origin, since it not only makes the jLatinization more accurate, but also supplies a better meaning. The difficulties which beset those who endeavour to emend original names are illustrated in the Manual of Conchology, by Mr. Pilsbry, who, while writing Polyplacophora, Blainyille, for the Order, still uses Plaxiphora, Gray, for a genus. The measurements throughout this paper are taken from specimens which have somewhat contracted and curled in spirit, and an attempt has been made to allow for this. They must therefore be taken as only approximate, as, indeed, must all measurements of length in this group, when not arrived at from living specimens. | The name ‘“ Port Phillip’? may convey to some persons the idea of a small area; and it may be therefore useful to note that this district ‘contains 800 square miles, and is intermediate in size between Oxfordshire and Herefordshire. | | Name or SPECIES. DISTRIBUTION OUTSIDE VICTORIA. New Zealand, Tasmania. Port Jackson, New Zealand. Holdtast Bay (South Australia). Lepidopleurus inguinatus (Reeve). Callochiton platessa (Gould). Ischnochiton (Stenochiton) juloides, Adams I. (Heterozona) eariosus (Carpenter MS.), | ? Port Jackson, South Australia, Pilsbry. I. crispus (Reeve), I. Tateanus, Bednall. I. contractus (Reeve). I. ustulatus (Reeve). I. (Haploplax) pura, n.sp. | I. Wilsoni, n.sp. Ischnochiton, sp. ? I. (Isehnoradsia) Australis (G. B. Sby.). Plaxiphora petholata (G. B. Sby.). | Acanthochites Bednalli, Pilsbry. | A. Pilshryi, n.sp. . (Notoplax) speciosus (Hl. Ad.). | and Angas. | | | A A. (N.) Matthewsi, Bednall and Pilsbry. | A. (N.) glyptus, n.sp. A. (N.) Wilsoni, n.sp. Cryptoplax striatus (Lam.). ' Chiton Bednalli, Pilsbry. Chiton limans, nom. nov. Port Jackson, Port Hacking. South Australia. South Australia, ? New South Wales West Australia, Tasmania. New South Wales, South Australia. Port Jackson, ? Torres Strait. Port Lincoln, Tasmania, Jackson, New Zealand. St. Vincent’s Gulf. Port New South Island. Tasmania, Flinders Wales, South Australia. Torres Straits, Port Lincoln, Port Jackson, Newcastle, Flinders Island, Tasmania. Yorke’s Peninsula, New South Wales. 86 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 1. LerrporLevrus rnquinatus (Reeve). Pl. VI, Fig. 4 Chiton inquinatus, Reeve: Conch. Icon., pl. xxiii, fig. 154, May, 1847, Ischnochiton inquinatus, Reeve: Pilsbry, Man. Conch., ser. I, vol. xiv, p- 90, pl. xvii, figs. 49, 50. The discovery that this little-known species of Reeve is a) Lepidopleurus, extends considerably the range of the group. The genus 1s generally regarded as belonging to the North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans, and its discovery in the Southern Ocean is of | much interest, the nearest known species formerly having come from | deep water off the Philippine Islands. I had proposed to describe | this shell as a new species ; and so also, I find, had Mr. Pilsbry, | from specimens he had received from New Zealand. On comparing» Reeve’s Chiton inguinatus with another species, 1 was struck by the | remarkable resemblance between the two forms; and, having had the | advantage of separating the valves of one of Reeve’s specimens, I am enabled to be positive as to the identification. Reeve’s type came | from Tasmania, and the species is therefore common to New Zealand, Tasmania, and Victoria. The sculpture of the valves is not well shown in the original figures; the general outline and colouring | are fairly accurate; some specimens, however, are much darker. 2. Cantocurton pLaTEssa (Gould). Chiton platessa, Gould: Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vol. ii, 1846, p. 143; U.S. Explor. Exped., p. 320, atlas, figs. 434, 434a. Lepidopleura platessa, Gould: Otia (Rectifications), 1862, p. 242. Callochiton platessa, Gould: Haddon, ‘ Challenger” Report, p. 15; Pilsbry, Man. Conch., ser. I, vol. xiv, p. 50, pl. x, figs. 1-5; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1894, p. 71. Chiton crocinus, Reeve: Conch. Icon., pl. xxu, fig. 146, 1847. Callochiton crocinus, Reeve: Pilsbry, Man. Conch, ser. I, vol. xiv, § Ds 00; pl. x, tie. 7s. vole xv; pO. Leptochiton versicolor, A. Adams: Proc. Zool. Soc. 1852, p. 92, pl. xvi, | fig. 5, May, 1854; Angas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 223. Lepidopleurus empleurus, Hutton: Trans. N.Z. Inst., vol. iv, p. 178; Man. N.Z. Moll., p. 118, 1880; Pilsbry, Man. Conch., Send ..vol, xv sp. a0 i. Three small specimens appear to be the young of this species. } Mr. Pilsbry, in his last volume dealing with this group, has raised | C. crocinus to the rank of a species, after havi ing in the earlier volume | placed it as a synonym. From an examination of the specimens in | the British Muscum, I cannot see sufficient specific distinction. 3. Iscunocuiton (Srenocuiron) suLorpEs (Adams and Angas). Stenochiton juloides, Adams and Angas: Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p- 198; 1865, p. 58, pl. xi, fig. 15; Angas, /.¢., 1869, p- 188. Ischnochiton (Stenochiton) juloides, Adams and Angas: Pilsbry, Man. Conch., ser. 1, vol. xiv, p. 55, pl. xvi, figs. 6-8. SYKES: POLYPLACOPHORA FROM PORT PHILLIP. 87 One specimen only. It is in general of a greenish hue, with the dorsal ridge yellowish, marked with brown. The colouring as described by authors is a rufous brown. 4. Iscunocurron (Hererozona) cartosus (Carpenter MS.), Pilsbry. Ischnochiton (Heterozona) cariosus, Carpenter: Pilsbry, Man. Conch., ser. I, vol. xiv, p. 65, pl. xxiv, figs. 20-8; vol. xv, p. 82, pl. xiv, fig. 8 Mr. Pilsbry notes that the anterior and posterior valves have eleven slits: in a specimen that I have separated there are only ten. This, however, is frequently a variable characteristic. 5. Iscunocurron crispus (Reeve). Chiton crispus, Reeve: Conch. Icon., pl. xix, fig. 120, May, 1847. Ischnochiton crispus, Reeve: Pilsbry, Man. Conch., ser. I, vol. xiv, . 89, pl. xxiv, figs. 98-9. Ischnochiton Haddoni, Pilsbry: Man. Conch., ser. I, vol. xiv, p. 88, pl. xxu, figs. 67-73; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1894, sel. Chiton longicymba, Blainville: Sowerby, Conch. Illust., fig. 67; Reeve, Conch. Icon., pl. xxiv, fig. 163 (non Blainville). Ischnochiton longicymba, Blainville: Haddon, ‘ Challenger”? Report, p- 17 (non Blainville). This species appears to vary greatly in colour and markings. Some are nearly white, but the generally prevailing colours seem to be olive or green in various shades ; some specimens have a white band along the back. One specimen is so remarkable that I venture to describe it as var. decorata. In this the ground colour is nearly white, and the colour pattern is formed by regular rows of nearly black bands. There are also specimens of this form in the collection of the British Museum. None of the other specimens that I have seen show any gradation to this form of colour-marking. At the request of Mr. Pilsbry, I examined specimens of his 7. Haddoni and compared them with the type of J. crispus, the result being published in The Nautilus. 6. Iscunocuiron Tarranus, Bednall. From a specimen, very kindly named by Mr. Pilsbry, I have been able to identify three specimens of this, as yet undescribed, species, mingled with my JZ. crispus. I forbear to describe it, as I understand that Mr. Bednall will do so shortly. 7. IscuNocHiron conrractus (Reeve). Chiton contractus, Reeve: Conch. Icon., pl. xv, fig. 78, May, 1847. Ischnochiton contractus, Reeve: Smisek Man. Conch., ser. I, vol. xiv, p. 93, pl. xxiii, figs. 81-2; Nautilus, vol. viii, p. 129. 1 The Nautilus, vol. viii, p. 129, March, 1895. 88 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Chiton pallidus, Reeve: Conch. Icon., pl. xvi, fig. 92, March, 1847. Ischnochiton pallidus, Reeve: Pilsbry, Man. Conch., ser. I, vol. xiv, p.89, pl. soa, feo There is a nice series of this species. I have carefully compared | the original tablets in the British Museum, and am unable to separate I. contractus and I. pallidus. 8. IscHNocHITON USTULATUS na Chiton ustulatus, Reeve: Conch. Icon., pl. xvii, fig. 102, March, 1847. Lepidopleurus ustulatus, Reeve : Angas, Proc. Zool. Li 1867, p. 222, Isehnochiton ustulatus, Reeve: Pilsbry, Man. Conch., ser. I, vol. x1Y, p- 96, pl. xxiv, figs. 100, 1-4, 11, 12. One specimen only. The valve slits are as follows: head-valve, 13; median, 1; tail-valve, 16. Some of those in the tail-valve seem to be caused by the splitting up of the shits, and probably the normal number is less than in the specimen examined. Both in the head- and | | | | tail-valve they are at very unequal distances apart. The interior of — the valves is of a bluish colour near the slits, but becomes of a reddish hue towards the beaks. 9. IscHnocuiron (Haptorriax) pura, n.sp. Pl. VI, Figs. 3, 3a. Shell elongate-oval, elevated, carinate. Surface smooth to the naked eye, but granular under a lens. Colour of valves nearly white, sometimes showing a faint trace of yellow. Girdle yellow-brown. The intermediate valves have straight sutures. The lateral areas are raised, and are separated from the median ones by a distinct diagonal, The sculpture over the whole of the valves is minutely granular, and in worn specimens has the effect of a series of pits. This sculpture continues right over the central carina. Valve viii is somewhat produced posteriorly, and has a projecting mucro a little behind its centre. The interior of the valves is of a whitish colour. There are eleven slits in the posterior valve, and the teeth are short: these latter are much larger in the anterior valve, where they number ten. The median valves have one slit each side, as usual in the true Ischnochiton group. The girdle-scales are yellowish, very small, and smooth. Length about 18 mm., breadth about 7 mm. This interesting species, which appears to belong to the recently described! section Z/aploplax, does not possess any striking charac- teristics. It is very difficult to say whether a surface such as this shell has is really ‘‘ punctate” or ‘‘ granulate.” This difficulty Mr. Pilsbry seems to have felt, as in the Manual of Conchology he has allowed the description of J. smaragdinus, Angas, to stand ‘ most minutely punctured” ; while he subsequently has made it the type of his section Haploplax, which is characterized as having the surface ‘smooth, except for minute granulation.” Perhaps the shell will be 1 Pilsbry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1894, p. 71. SYKES : POLYPLACOPHORA FROM PORT PHILLIP. 89 ‘most easily recognized by its elongate form and generally white colour. “The very fine girdle-scales ally it to Jsch. ustulatus, Reeve; but they are smooth, while J. uwstulatus has the scales striated” (Pilsbry in MS.). 10. Iscunocurton Witsont, n.sp. Pl. VI, Figs. 1, 1a. | Shell oval, moderately elevated, carinate. Surface smooth to the naked eye, but under a lens minutely granular. Colour a rosy pink ‘marked ‘on all the valves with minute streaks and patches of white and brown. The pattern is more noticeable on the median areas in ‘the central valves than on the lateral areas. Girdle yellowish. The sutures of the median valves are slightly concave, and the beaks are moderately prominent. The lateral areas are but very slightly raised, and the diagonal is inconspicuous, except for its being a line |where the colour-marking changes in pattern, Tail-valve slightly produced posteriorly, with the mucro just in front of the middle. Interior of valves of a _Tosy hue. Tail-valve with ten slits; head- valve with nine slits, irregularly disposed; median with but one. ‘The girdle-scales are small, yellowish-white, and, under a lens, conspicuously striated. Length about 16mm., breadth about 8 mm. _ This species appears to belong to the smooth group of Australian 'Ischnochitons. It is of a general rosy hue, and is not so much elongated as the last species, from which it may be at once separated, as also from JZ. smaragdinus and allied species, by its striated girdle- scales. I have much pleasure in associating with it the name of ) Mr. Wilson, the discoverer. i | | 11. IscNnocurton, sp. | The specimens are so minute that, though I cannot place them as the young of any known species, I forbear to describe them. Further specimens are required to show their true position. 12. IscHnocurron (IscHnorapsta) AusTRALIS (Sowerby). Chiton Australis, Sowerby: Mag. Nat. Hist., n.s., vol. iv, June, 1840, p. 290; Conch. Illust., fig. 46; Reeve, Conch. Icon., pl. ii, fig. 10. Chiton (Ischnoradsia) Australis, Sow. : Shuttlw., Bern. Mittheil. 1853, | p. 66. Lophyrus Australis, Sow.: Angas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 221. Lepidoradsia Australis, Sow.: Dall, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., i, p. 79 (dentition), p. 115 (branchiw), pl. u, fig. 19 (dentition) ; Haddon, ‘‘ Challenger”? Report, p. 19. Lschnochiton (Ischnoradsia) Australis, Sow.: Pilsbry, Man. Conch., ser. I, vol. xiv, p. 144, pl. xviu, figs. 57-9; vol. xv, p. 87, ! pl. xvii, figs. 68-9; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1894, | Di 02. Chiton evanidus, Sow.: Mag. A Hist., n.s., vol. iv, 1840, p. 291; Conch. Illust., fig. 139. Chiton metallicus, Reeve: Conch. Icon. 1847, pl. xvii, fig. 104. VOL. II.—JuLy, 1896. 7 90 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Chiton (Lophyrus) lugubris, Gould: Proc. Bost. Soe. Nat. Hist., vol. vu, 1859, p. 163; Otia Conch., p. 116; Pilsbry, Man. Conch., ser. I, vol. xiv, p. 146. Several specimens. I have followed Mr. Pilsbry! in the above synonymy, and am able to confirm it in regard to C. metallicus, Reeve, as I have examined the types. 13. PraxrpHora PETHOLATA (Sowerby). Chiton petholatus, Sow.: Mag. Nat. Hist., n.s., vol. iv, 1840, p. 289; Conch. Illust., figs. 64, 65, and var. porphyrius, fig. 59; Reeve, Conch. Icon., pl. xiv, fig. 74. Plaxiphora petholata, Sow.: Pilsbry, Man. Conch., ser. I, vol. xiv, p. 323, pl. lxviui, figs. 62-7; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1894, p. 74. Chetopleura conspersa, Ad. and Ang.: Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 193. Chiton (Plaxiphora) terminalis, Cptr.: Smith, Voy. ‘‘ Erebus” and ‘Merron,’ Moll p. 4, ploa, fig. 13: ? Tonicia zigzag, Hutton: Trans. N.Z. Inst., vol. iv, p. 181. ? Chiton coelatus, Reeve: Conch. Icon., pl. xvi, fig. 101. Euplaciphora modesta, Cptr.: Haddon, Rep. ‘‘ Challenger,” pp. 33, 34. The species of Plaxiphora, as Mr. Pilsbry states in the ‘‘ Manual,” are in great need of revision, and it is now very difficult to identify specimens with certainty. It is quite possible that two of Blainville’s species, Chiton costatus and Chiton raripilosus, may be identical with P. petholata; but this will probably never be clearly settled. Chetopleura conspersa, Ad. and Ang., is, in my opinion, only a more strongly sculptured form of P. petholata, thus showing a link towards P. terminalis, which latter was described from New Zealand. In placing P. terminalis in the synonymy, I am guided by an examina- tion of the type specimens, which appear to ditfer only in being more strongly sculptured, and in the valves being a little narrower and longer in proportion. Mr. EK. A. Smith permits me to state that he agrees in this opinion. It should be noted that in C. conspersa the valves are even more strongly sculptured than in P. terminalis. There is no doubt as to the correctness of placing /. modesta as a synonym. What the Zonicia zigzag of Hutton is, only an examina- tion of the type specimen can settle satisfactorily: he placed it as a synonym of Chiton coelatus, Reeve. There do not appear to be any specimens in the Cuming Collection much resembling Reeve’s figure; and the, presumably type, tablet bearing this name, appears to me only to contain a form of P. petholata. The Streptochiton cupreus, Cptr. MS., appears to be a distinct species. There is a quaint slip in the ‘‘ Manual,” * where the dimensions of 7’ g’gzag are given as ‘‘Length 88 inch.; breadth 31 inch.” This would indeed be a fine species ! 1 Man. Conch., ser. I, vol. xiv, p. 144; xv, p. 87. 2 Vol. xiv, p. 329. SYKES: POLYPLACOPHORA FROM PORT PHILLIP. 91 14, AcantrHocuites Bepnatut, Pilsbry. Acanthochites Bednalli, Pilsbry: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1894, p: 81, pl. 1, figs. 7—11. Two examples of this species, recently described, from St. Vincent Gulf. I have to thank Mr. Pilsbry for the identification. 15. Acanruocuites Prissryr, nu.sp. Pl. VI, Figs. 6, 6a. Shell elongate; the valves of general greyish hue; girdle olivaceous. Intermediate valves (the exposed portions) convex behind, sculptured on the latero-pleural areas with coarse, round, scattered pustules. In valves ii to viii there is a narrow band-like jugal area, which appears smooth to the naked eye, but under a lens is seen to be obscurely striate both longitudinally and_ transversely. Posterior valve small, having the mucro obtuse and posterior; the posterior slope is nearly vertical. Girdle rather narrow, with eighteen tufts. The interior of the valves is of a white colour. Posterior valve with two slits, median with one, anterior not observed. Length about 10 mm., breadth 3:5 mm. Only a single specimen, which I have much pleasure in dedicating to Mr. Pilsbry, who has done so much to advance our knowledge e the Australian species of Acanthochites. It falls in his ‘‘ Key’’! to the Australian species between A. Cozi, Pils., and 4. granostriatus, Pils. “ A typical Acanthochites, but different from any known to me from Australia in the narrow band-lke jugal tracts, smoothish and transversely striate, the latero-pleural areas being sculptured as in A. Coxi, Pils., which species the tail-valve also resembles. The specimen is probably young” (Pilsbry in MS8.). To this extremely lucid description I have nothing to add. 16. AcantHocarres (Nororrax) specrosus (H. Adams). Cryptoplax ee speciosus, H. Adams: Proc. Zool. Soc. 1861, p- Acanthochites nile speciosus, H. Ad.: Pilsbry, Man. Conch., ser. I, vol. xv, p. 32, pl. i, figs. 23-6; Proc. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1894, p. 83, pl. iv, figs. 31-3. This species, originally known from Tasmania and Flinders Island, ‘has recently been noted from New South Wales. We are now able to extend its range to Victoria. 17. Acanruocutres (Nororrax) Marraewst, Bednall and Pilsbry. Acanthochites (Notoplax) Matthewsi, Bednall and Pilsbry: Nautilus, vii, p. 120; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1894, p. 83, | pl. iv, figs. 27-80. ' One damaged specimen: the remarkable sculpture (longitudinal ‘Tiblets) on the pleural tracts will serve to distinguish this species. It was described from South Australia. | 1 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 1894, p. 77. 92 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 18. AcantoocarrEs (Noropiax) styptus, n.sp. Pl. VI, Figs. 5, 5a. Shell rather elongate. Exposed portions of valves rather large in proportion. Valves elevated and sharply keeled ; dorsal area nearly white; other areas of a salmon-pink colour, mottled with greyish, in varying pattern, but darkest near to the dorsal area. Girdle olive- brown; the tufts of a lighter colour. Intermediate valves convex behind and slightly concave in front. Dorsal area wedge-shaped, moderately large, smooth to the naked eye, but showing “indistinet traces of sculpture under a lens. Lateral areas small, smooth, very slightly elevated, and separated from the pleural areas by an ‘indis- tinct diagonal. Pleural areas smooth, except for four incised lines on each side, which, if produced over the lateral areas, would meet at about the beaks of the valves. Anterior valve smooth, except for five very flattened ribs, corresponding to the slits in the valve. Posterior valve sculptured before the mucro, which is at about the posterior third, as the intermediate valves; behind the mucro it is smooth, save Fas traces of radiating ribs. Girdle with short, obscure spicules, and having 16(?) tufts. Interior of valves whitish, with traces of green staining. Valve-slits: anterior 5, median 1-1, posterior 60 Two of the slits in the posterior valve may be caused by the splitting of a median one. Length about 22 mm., breadth about 7 mim. This shell is remarkable for the entire absence of well-marked sculpture, except the striking incised lines. There appears to be no other known species approaching it. 19. AcantHocuites (Noroprax) WitsonI, n.sp. Pl. VI, Figs. 2, 2a. Shell moderately elongated, the visible portions of the valves occu- pying about one-third the total width. Valves elevated, moderately keeled; the ridge being marked with bands of reddish and salmon- pink ; the lateral areas of a dark red; the pleural areas being marked with ared and white. Girdle olivaceous, densely clothed with “spicules, but showing no visible tufts. Intermediate valves convex behind and concave in front, with well-marked beaks. Dorsal area of an elon- gate wedge-shape, well separated from the side areas, smooth to the naked eye, but marked under a lens with longitudinal and transverse strie. Latero-pleural areas having no trace of a diagonal rib, sculp- tured all over with well-marked flattened tubercles. The anterior valve shows the latter sculpture all over. The posterior valve has an elevated and rather pointed mucro at about the posterior third. Interior of valves whitish, becoming staimed with red under the jugal area. Valve-slits: anterior 5, median 1-1, posterior 6. Length about 25 mm., breadth about 10 mm. The following valuable note, by Mr. Pilsbry, will give a better idea of it than any words of my own. ‘It differs from .4. Matthewst in having the entire latero-pleural tracts granose- lirate, while only the lateral areas are eranose in the other ; the feomentams especially, of the head-valve is smaller; the tail-valve approaches that of the typical Notoplax in form, and the girdle is densely clothed, though Proc.Marac.Soc. Mintern Bros! J.Green del, et hth. AUSTRALIAN CHITONS. SYKES: POLYPLACOPHORA FROM PORT PHILLIP. 93 ‘tufts seem quite absent. The tail-valve is considerably like J. speciosus, but the tegmentum is not pear-shaped; there are no spiculose girdle-bridges at the sutures, etc.” 20. CrypropLax striatus (Lamarck). Chitonellus striatus (Lamarck): Anim. sans Vert., ed. i, tom. vi, | p. 317, 1819. Chitonellus Gunnii, Reeve: Conch. Icon., pl. 1, fig. 5, 1847. Chitonellus rostratus, Reeve: l.c., fig. 6, 1847. Cryptoplax striatus, Lamarck: Hutton, Chall. Rep., p. 39, pl.1, fig. 9, and pl. iii, fig. 9; Pilsbry, Man. Conch., ser. I, vol. xv, p. 53, pl. ix, figs. 11-15; pl. xi, figs. 37-9; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1894, p. 85. | 21. Carron Bepnattt, Pilsbry. | Chiton Bednalli, Pilsbry: Nautilus, vol. ix, p. 90, Dec. 1895. _ It is interesting to note that this species, so recently described from | Yorke’s Peninsula, is also to be found in Port Phillip. 22. CHITON LIMANS, nom. nov. | Chiton muricatus, A. Adams: Proc. Zool. Soc. 1852 [May, 1854], | p- 91, pl. xi, fig. 6; Pilsbry, Man. Conch., ser. I, | vol. xiv, p. 175, pl. xxxvii, figs. 12, 13; non:Tilesius: | Mém. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb., ser. V, vol. ix, 1824, p. 483. _Lophyrus muricatus, Angas: Proc. Zool. Soc, 1865, p. 186; L.c., 1867, p. 222. Tilesius: what this species is exactly, I am not sure; it appears, however, to be a large Siberian form. The name of C. limans was used in MS. by Carpenter; I beg to call attention to the fact that I am ot naming the shell as C. dimans (Carpenter MS.), this last Mr. Pilsbry has noted the description of a Chiton muricatus by being a complicated and cumbersome process of nomenclature. EXPLANATION OF PLATE VI. Fic. 1. Ischnochiton Wilsoni, n.sp. », la, —————— separate valves. | », 2. Acanthochites (Notoplax) Wilsoni, n.sp. 3 2a. —— separate valves. », 38. Haploplax pura, n.sp. spe Gee separate valves. The dotted lines show the position of the valve-slits, which are not visible from above. », 4. Lepidopleurus inquinatus (Rve.), separate valves. | », 90. Acanthochites (Notoplax) glyptus, n.sp. OE —— separate valves. », 6. Acanthochites Pilsbryi, n.sp. separate valves. 94 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. ON A COLLECTION OF LAND-SHELLS FROM SOUTH CELEBES. — By Enear A. Surrn, F.Z.S., ete. Read 10th April, 1896. PLATE VII. THE specimens about to be enumerated and described were collected by Mr. A. Everett at the southern extremity of the island of Celebes, at an elevation of 2,000 feet, also at a still greater height, 4,000 to 5,000 feet, upon Bonthain Peak. Several of the species are of con- siderable interest, notably the Bulimoid form, which appears to approximate more closely to the genus Calycia of New Guinea than to any other group. Xesta dimidiata, Hemiplecta Bonthainensis, © Chloritis Howesti, and Cyclotus pyrostoma, are all very handsome — forms; and the discovery of four additional species of Clausilia is of importance, as only a single species has been previously recorded. The Rev. A. H. Cooke,! in discussing the fauna of Celebes, has referred to the paucity of the species of that genus, and of Amphi- dromus, and to the relative proportion of Naninide to Helicide, as marking ‘‘the beginning of a distinct decrease in the Indo-Malay element.” Many of these and similar deductions are often made upon insufficient knowledge of the respective faunas. In the present case, for example, the incompleteness of the list of the species of terrestrial molluses which actually occur in the island is demonstrated by the fact that, in one very limited area, Mr. Everett has discovered no less than fourteen new forms, numerically equal to one-fourth of the previously known fauna. The greater part of the island has | | | | yet to be explored, and doubtless very many additional species will — eventually be discovered. As our knowledge of this fauna is at present so incomplete, it is of very little use to compare it with that of other adjacent islands. It is, however, interesting to note that the Philippine Obba marginata (var. sororcula), hitherto recorded only from North Celebes, also occurs | in the south. Mention should also be made of the occurrence of six | species of Amphidromus (eight if, like Prof. E. von Martens, we _ consider A. interruptus and A. Sultanus distinct from A. perversus), | a number exceeding those known from Sumatra. The following are the principal papers which treat upon the land- shells of Celebes :— E. von Martens, Malak. Blitt. 1872, vol. xx, pp. 155-177. . dd., Preuss. Exped. Ost-Asien, Zool. vol. 11, p. 99, ete. . Id., in Max Weber’s Zool. Ergeb., vol. ii, p. 209, ete. . id., Sitzungsb. Gesell. nat. Fr. Berlin, 1886, pp. 112-114. Tapparone-Canefri, Ann. Mus. Genova, 1884, vol. xx, pp. 169-175. hl a 1 «¢ Cambridge Natural History,’’ vol. iii, p. 310. ! | | | | | | | SMITH: LAND-SHELLS FROM SOUTH CELEBES. 95 A. Spectres Cottecrep By Mr. Everett. 1. Hexicarton Watuacer. Pl. VII, Figs. 7-9. Testa tenuissima, pallide virescens, vitrea, polita, globosa, supra depressa, infra minutissime perforata; spira ad apicem vix elata; anfractus 38, supra convexiusculi, infra suturam concave marginati, et lineis incrementi hic illic subplicatis striati, ultimus inflatus ; _ apertura inverse late auriformis ; peristoma marginibus conniventibus, callo tenuissimo _junctis, columellari ad insertionem anguste reflexo. Diam. maj. 9, min. 7°5, alt. 6mm. Fab. —South Celebes, at 2,000 feet. An excessively thin, fragile species, with an obtuse spire and large ; apical whorls. 2. Hericarton Ceiresensis, Pfeiffer. Hab.—South Celebes, at 2,000 feet (Everett). A single specimen only, younger and smaller than the type, agreeing precisely in form, but without the pale line at the suture and not whitish at the base. Notwithstanding these differences, due possibly to disparity in age, I have no doubt respecting the iden- tification of the specimen in question. 3. Macrocutamys inpirrerens. Pl, VII, Figs. 10-12. Testa orbicularis, angustissime perforata, fusco- -cornea, polita, stris ‘incrementi levibus sculpti; spira depresse conica; anfractus 5, lente accrescentes, leviter convexiusculi, anguste marginati ; apertura oblique lunata; peristoma tenue, margine columellari ad insertionem pallido, incrassato, sed vix reflexo. Diam. maj. 8, min. 7, alt. 4mm. Hab.—South Celebes, at 2,000 feet. This species presents no special distinguishing features. The generic position of this and other similar forms is difficult to determine on the shell characters only. 4. Microcystrya consmuruis. Pl. VII, Figs. 13-15. Testa depresse globosa, perforata, tenuis, pellucida, cornea, nitida, lineis incrementi prope suturam subpheatis striata ; anfractus 4— —5, celeriter crescentes, convexiusculi, superne concave marginati, ultimus circa umbilicum interdum pallidus; apertura oblique lunata ; peri- stoma tenue, margine columellari albo, incrassato, supra umbilicum sinuatim reflexo. Diam. maj. 11, min. 9, alt. 8 mm. Hab.—South Celebes, at 2,000 feet. Very like Helicarion Ce lebensis, Pir., but differing in the character of the columellar lip, ete. The margination of the whorls beneath the suture is palish in some specimens. 5. Microcystina consors. Pl. VII, Figs. 16-18. Testa depresse globosa, tenuis, pellucida, fusco-cornea, levigata, lineis incrementi substr iata, anguste umbilicata; anfractus 43 :, sublente 96 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. accrescentes, convexiusculi, anguste marginati; apertura oblique lunata; peristoma tenue, margine columellari ad insertionem sinuatim reflexo. Diam. maj. 7, min. 6, alt. 5mm. Hab.—South Celebes, at 2,000 feet. Smaller than JL consimilis, of a somewhat browner tint, with a slightly more elevated spire, and smaller body-whorl. 6. Xesra tTrocaus (Miiller). Tab.—South Celebes, at 2,000 feet. The specimens from this locality belong to the form named by Reeve Helix sulphurea. The shell he figured is peculiar in having no brown zone upon the base of the body- whorl, a feature occurring in all the specimens in the present collection. On the other hand, in the latter, the sutural band is only faintly continued upon the last whorl, and in some it is entirely wanting. The largest specimen has a diameter of 31mm. 7. XzEsta pimmpratTa. Pl. VII, Fig. 19. Testa orbicularis, perforata, solida, supra virens, haud nitens, infra lacteo-alba, zona obscura nigrescente cincta, cirea umbilicum nigro- fusco tincta, hic illic irregulariter nigro-punctata; anfractus 5-6, convexiusculi, sutura alba nigro-marginata sejuncti, apicales leves, nigrescentes, ultimus et penult. striis spiralibus confertis micro- scopicis sculpti, lineis incrementi obliquis tenuibus striati, ultimus ad peripheriam rotundatus, infra concentrice plus minus minute striatus, haud descendens; apertura obliqua, late lunata, alba, zona lata nigro-fusca infra medium haud ad marginem attingente picta ; peristoma tenue, simplex, margine columellari prope insertionem, leviter Tree) reflexo, et subcontorto. Diam. maj. 33, min. 27, alt. 20 mm. : apertura 11 mm. alta, 16 lata. Hab. —South Celebes, 2,000-5, 000 feet. Four specimens of this beautiful species were collected by Mr. Everett. Three are coloured as described above; but the fourth has all the upper part of the spire black, excepting a white line at the suture, the body-whorl, however, becoming normally greenish. 8. Xesta Wattacer (Pfeiffer). Hab.—South Celebes, at 2,000 feet. Three varieties of this species were collected by Mr. Everett in South Celebes, at an elevation of 2,000 feet, namely—(1) the typical form as figured in the Conchylien-Cabinet (//elix), pl. clxiv, figs. 18-15; (2) like the type, but darker above, livid purplish towards the apex, and chestnut brown near the aperture, pale beneath, with a brown stain around the umbilicus; last whorl dotted with black (dots very few on the under-surface) and encircled with a dark-brown zone, sometimes bisected by a pale line; (38) like Pfeiffer’s var. B, but having a white instead of a brown peripheral band. Var. dbieingulata, Yon Martens, was not collected by Mr. Everett. SMITH: LAND-SHELLS FROM SOUTH CELEBES. 97 9. Hemrprecta Bonruainensis. Pl. VII, Fig. 20. Testa depresse conoidea, ad peripheriam obtuse carinata, perforata, tenuis, saturate vel dilute purpureo-fusca, circa umbilicum virescens, /ad angulum medianum plerumque flavescens; spira breviter conica, ad apicem mediocriter acuta, haud nitida; anfractus 5-6, leviter convexiusculi, lineis incrementi obliquis arcuatis aliisque spiralibus numerosis granulatim decussati, ultimus infra angulum convexior, _nitens, lineis concentricis versus umbilicum sensim evanidis ; apertura obliqua, late lunata, intus concolor; peristoma tenue, simplex, in exemplis adultis ad marginem levissime incrassatum et luteum, marginibus distantibus, columellari ad insertionem breviter expanso et reflexo. Var. Testa omnino dilute flavo-virescens. Diam. maj. 34, min. 28, alt. 22mm. Hab.—Bonthain Peak, South Celebes, at 4,000 feet. Considerable variation in form and colour is observable in the series of specimens examined, but the sculpture is similar in all. Some examples are of a very dark purplish-brown or black colour throughout, with the exception of the umbilical region. Others are of a lighter tint. Some are greenish, with a broad purple- brown zone beneath the periphery, whilst others are uniformly heht yellowish-green. The spire is more elevated and the body- whorl more inflated in some specimens than in others. 10. Raysora ruGata (Martens). _Nanina rugata, Martens, Preuss. Exped. Ost-Asien, Zool. vol. p. 229, pl. x, fis. 5 Hab.—South Celebes, at 2,000 feet. This species has already been quoted from the southern part of the island by Wallace and by Martens. Young shells are very sharply keeled and angulate, and the two apical whorls are peculiarly malleated, a feature also observable in more adult specimens. 11. Ospa mMarernata (Miiller). Var. sororcula, Martens, Preuss. Exped. Ost-Asien, Zool. i, p. 294, pl. xvu, fig. 4. Hab.—South Celebes, at 2,000 feet. It is interesting to find this species occurring in the south of the island as well as the north. Similar small examples also occur at the Philippine Islands. 12. Cutoritis preva (Godwin-Austen). Helix (Chloritis) plena, Godwin-Austen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891, p. 44, Platt; tie. 8: Hab.—South Celebes, 2,000 feet (Everett) ; Labuan (G.-A.). Var. Celebensis, n. Only a single specimen was obtained by Mr. Everett. It is rather smaller than the type from Labuan (maj. diam. 16 mm.), consisting of half a whorl less, the peristome is faintly tinted with livid lilac, 98 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. and the columellar margin is not quite so broadly reflexed and is rather more oblique. The supra-peripheral band or line is narrower, and bisects an indistinct pale zone. The ‘finely granulate” sculpture mentioned by Godwin-Austen occurs only upon the spire, the body- whorl in both being clothed with a dull, non-pilose periostracum. 13. Cutortris Howes. Pl. VII, Figs. 21, 22. Testa depressa, orbicularis, subanguste umbilicata, tenuiuscula, saturate castaneo-fusca, zona flavescente paulo supra peripheriam utrimque linea nigro-rufa marginata, ornata, et circa umbilicum pallida vel flavescens, epidermide minute pilosa undique induta; spira plana; anfractus quatuor, convexi, celeriter crescentes, ultimus antice oblique descendens; sutura profunda, linea nigro-fusca superiore notata; apertura subhorizontalis, lilacea, zonis externis translucentibus, late lunata; peristoma lilaceum, undique expansum, marginibus leviter conniventibus, columellari latius reflexo. Var. Testa pallidior, in exemplo unico linea inferiore deficiente. Diam. maj. 33, min. 24, alt. 16mm.; apertura intus 11 mm. alta, 15 lata. fab.—South Celebes, 2,000 feet; and Bonthain Peak, 4,000 feet. None of the specimens from the latter locality (var. Bonthainensis) have the dark rich brown colour of the type, whilst the “hairs” of the epidermis are a trifle coarser, conspicuously fewer and further apart. The spire also has the apex elevated slightly above the body- whorl, whereas in the specimens from the lower altitude it is depressed. This handsome species has somewhat of the form of Chloritis tuba (Albers), but is smaller, differently banded, ete. I have much pleasure im naming this heaieaital shell after our distinguished President, Prof. G. B. et Oe. 14. Ampuipromus pERversvs (Linn.). Hab.—South Celebes, at 2,000 feet. Both the typical form of this species (Conchyl.-Cab., ed. 2, Bulimus, pl. ix, figs. 1, 2) and the variety enterrupta (Delessert, Recueil de Coq., plexxvil, figs. 7a, 7b) were collected at the above locality. This discovery of “the typical form fills up a gap in the distribution, as there has hitherto been some doubt respecting the exact locality. ( Vide Fulton, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1896, vol. xvii, p. 67.) 15. Catycra Evererrr. Pl. VII, Fig. 23. Testa ovato-conica, ad peripheriam angulata, anguste perforata, albo-pellucida, epidermide virente nitente amicta; spira conica, ad apicem papillosa; anfractus 53, celeriter accrescentes, apicales 2-3 convexi, ceteri planiusculi, infra suturam linea lactea angusta marginati, oblique striati et lineis impressis spiralibus obsoletis sculpti, ultimus amplus, in medio obtuse angulatus, malleatus vel corrugatus, et oblique striatus; apertura inverse auriformis, concolor, longit. totius % fere wquans; peristoma album, haud incrassatum, leviter expansum, margine columellari supra perforationem anguste reflexo. Longit. 26, diam. 20 mm; apertura 16 mm. longa, 11°d lata. Hab.—Bonthain Peak, South Celebes, at 4,000 feet. SMITH: LAND-SHELLS FROM SOUTH CELEBES. 99 This species is very peculiar, and does not suggest a comparison with any other known form. It hardly agrees with the genus Calycia in the expanded character of the peristome, but it appears to approach that group more closely than any other. I have much pleasure in associating Mr. Everett?s name with this interesting discovery. 16, Cravsirra CreLEepensis. Pl. VII, Fig. 24. Testa elongata, subclavata, saturate purpureo-fusca, apicem versus propeque suturam pallida; anfractus 10, convexiusculi, oblique tenuiter striati, penultimus ultimo latior, ultimus antice paulo ascendens ; apex mammillatus; apertura inverse auriformis, longit. totius + paulo minor, intus livido-purpurea; peristoma albidum, leviter incrassatum, et reflexum. Lamella superior tenuis, ad marginem attingens, inferior longe intus, subcolumellaris gracilis, obliqua, 1. inferior! approximata, ad marginem labri fere attingens ; plica suturalis unica elongata, supra aperturam, suture parallela; lunella distincta, supra aperturam sita. Longit. 24, diam. fere 6mm. Var. Testa tenuis pallido-cornea. Hab.—Bonthain Peak, South Celebes, at 5,000 to 6,000 feet; also South Celebes at 2,000 feet. Most of the specimens are of a dark purplish-brown colour, paler towards the apex and at the suture. In some of the older shells the surface becomes more or less decomposed and assumes a greenish chalky appearance, and frequently is somewhat worn away at the suture, which consequently presents a slightly channelled aspect. Only two specimens of the pale corneous variety were obtained. Some examples are much more slender than others, as shown by the following measurements: length 23°75, diameter 6mm.; length 23°25, diameter 5mm. 17, Crausrtia stmuittima. PI. VII, Fig. 25 Testa elongata, superne attenuata, saturate purpureo-fusca, oblique tugose striata, ad suturam denticulata; anfractus 10-11, leviter con- vexiusculi; apertura piriformis, intus sordide purpureo- fusca; peristoma expansum, reflexum, ad marginem pallidum; lamella superior tenuis, marginem attingens, inferior intus sepe bifurcata, parte superiore lamellee superiori adjuncta; lamella subcolumellaris nulla. Plicee suturales duo, superior elongata, suture parallela, inferior leviter obliqua, multo brevior; plica palatalis unica obliqua, supra rimam umbilicalem sita. Longit. 20°5, diam. 4mm, Hab—South Celebes, at 2,000 feet. This species is very like C. Ioluccensis, Martens, as regards form, but is more coarsely striated, strongly dentate at the suture, and of. a much richer brown colour. The form and armature of the mouth are very similar. 18. Cravsizra suppotrra. Pl. VII, Fig. 26. Testa parva, subpellucida, fusco-cornea, nitida, lineis incrementi tenuibus obliquis striata; anfractus 10, superiores 6-7 conyexiusculi, 100 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. cateri minus convexi; apertura inverse auriformis, concolor; peristoma tenue, pallidum leviter expansum; lamella superior tenuis, marginem attingens, inferior obliqua, subcolumellaris parva, tenuis, ad marginem labri vix producta; plica suturalis unica, supra aperturam visibilis, suture vix parallela; lunella nulla. Longit. 14, diam. 3mm. Hab.—South Celebes, at 2,000 feet. The lines of growth are a little coarser behind the lip than upon the rest of the surface. The apex has a drawn-out appearance, the subapical whorls being somewhat long. 19. Cuavstura usitatTa. Pl. VII, Fig. 27. Testa C. subpolite similis, sed paulo major, saturate fusca, versus apicem pallida; apertura major; lamella subcolumellaris marginem attingens ; plica suturalis unica, magis ad dextram; lunella distincta, in medio angulata, superne plica suturali conjuncta. Peristoma angustum, lev iter expansum, margine externo (sinistro) pallide rufescente, dextro albescente. Longit. 16, diam. 3°5 mm. FTab.—South Celebes, at 2,000 feet. The slightly larger size, different colour, the presence of a lunella, and other characters, distinguish this from the preceding species. 20. Cyctorus Fascratus, Martens. C. fasciatus, Martens, Preuss. Exped. Ost-Asien, Zool. ii, p. 118, pl. i, fig. 3; Mal. Blat. 1872, vol. xx, p. 158. Hab.—South Celebes, at 2,000 feet (Everett) ; near Macassar (Martens). 21. Cyciorus poxirus, Sowerby, var. Hab.—South Celebes, at 2,000 feet. A comparison of the types shows that C. politus and C. Amboinensis, Pfr., are merely varieties of one and the same species; and I have a very strong belief that C. fulminulatus, Martens, is also conspecific. The élevation of the s spire, the width of the umbilicus, and the thickness of the peristome, are variable. The specimens from South Celebes are of the same form as the var. Amboinensis, that is, are less elevated in the spire than the type shell of politus. They also generally have the peristome somewhat less thickened; but the columellar margin exhibits the internal thickening for the support of the operculum, which is present in all the forms. Cyctorus prrostoma. Pl. VII, Figs. 1-3. Testa orbicularis, aperte et perspective umbilicata, solida, epidermide nigro-olivacea, plus minus detrita, induta, pallide rufescens, rufo indistincte flammulata et maculata, infra peripheriam zona lata nigro- olivacea picta; spira leviter elata; anfractus 5, convexi, celeriter accrescentes, superiores tres lzves, lineis incrementi striati, ult. et penult. superne spiraliter lati, striisque obliquis arcuatis fortiter sculpti, ultimus ad peripheriam subcarinatus, antice descendens, infra haud spiraliter striatus; apertura obliqua, saturate sanguineo-rufa ; SMITH: LAND-SHELLS FROM SOUTH CELEBES. 101 peristoma incrassatum, pallidum, vix expansum, marginibus callo rufo junctis, inferiore valde recedente. Diam. maj. 26, min. 20, alt. 13 mm. Operculum testaceum, supra leviter concayum, infra i in medio mucro- natum, versus marginem corneum ; anfractus circiter 8, ad suturam plus minus carinati, transversim striati, lentissime crescentes, ultimus ad marginem excayatus. Hab.—South Celebes, at 2,000 feet. In general form this species recalls Cyclophorus Woodianus of Lea. It is well characterized by the brillant red aperture of the shell, and the somewhat strong spiral lire upon the upper surface of the last two whorls. 23. Cyctotus Creresensis. Pl. VII, Figs. 4-6. Testa orbicularis, aperte et perspective umbilicata, olivaceo-fusca, ad peripheriam zona lutea cincta, interdum superne et infra plus minus flavo maculata; spira breviter elata; anfractus 5, convex, lineis incrementi tenuibus striati, ultimus antice descendens ; apertura obliqua, intus fuscescens; peristoma duplex, margine externo expanso et reflexo, pallido, interno Iutescente, continuo. Diam. maj. 20, min. 16, alt. 9mm. Operculum multispirale, ad suturam insigniter acute carinatum, supra fere planum, ex laminis alternatim corneis et testaceis constitum, inferne omnino corneum, in medio mucronatum. Hab.—South Celebes, 2,000—4,000 feet. Two specimens are uniformly brownish, with the exception of the peripheral zone; the third exhibits a sprinkling of golden specks above and a dotting below. B. List or tae Known Spectres oF LAND-SHELLS OF CELEBES.! Helicarion (Otesia) flammulatus, Q. and G. st » viridis, Q. and G. 54 Celebensis, Pfr. <3 Ides, Pir: - Wallacei, Smith. Xesta fulvizona, Mouss. (var.). », Wallacei, Pfr. 5, dimidiata, Smith. », vitellus, Shuttl. ,, Riedeli, Martens. » cincta, Lea. », trochus, Mill. », Stuartia, Sow. (?). ,», nemorensis, Mill. (?). Sibylla, Tap.-Can. Hemiplecta semisculpta, Martens. 5 ribbei, Bttgr. 1 Species from the small island of Saleyer (Selayar, or Salayar), south of Celebes, are not included in this list. 102 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Hemiplecta Bonthainensis, Smith. Celebensis, Pfr.) Rhysota rugata, Martens. x limbifera, Martens. Macrochlamys fulvocornea, Martens. a indifferens, Smith. Microcystina consors, Smith. - consimilis, Smith. Trochomorpha planorbis, Lesson. Gorontalensis, Martens. ternatana (Guill. ) (Bottger). Ganesella leucophleea, Martens. Eulota similaris, Férus.’ », suffodiens, Bottger. 5, (Plectotropis) Winteriana, Pfr. (Bottger). Planispira flavidula, Martens. es (Trachia) pilisparsa, Martens. Chloritis zodiacus, Férus. as tuba, Albers. », bulbulus, Mouss. », biomphala, Pfr. », Lansbergiana, Dohrn.* Howesii, Smith. plana, Godwin-Austen. Obba Listeri, Gray. marginata, Mill. (war.). » papilla, Mill. », heroica, Pfr. Papuina euchroes, Pfr. Camena (Pseudobba) Quoyi, Desh. mammilla, Férus. Cochlostyla (Corasia) leucophthalma, Pfr. ? Amphidromus perversus, L. (and vars.). sinistralis, Reeve. * Beccarii, Tap.-Can. a filozonatus, Martens (var.).4 contrarius, “Mill. (var.).* Calycia Everetti, Smith. Buliminus (Rhachis) zonulatus, Pfr. Opeas gracilis, Hutton. Clausilia Moluccensis, Martens. a Celebensis, Smith. is usitata, Smith. simillima, Smith. ? 9? rd 9? 1 Perhaps only a variety of H. striata, Gray (Martens). 2 Bericht Senckenberg. nat. Gesell. 1891, p. 267. 8 Nachrichtsbl. deutsch. Mal. Gesell. 1879, p- 69; Kobelt, Conch.-Cab., p. 598, pl. elxxv, figs. 1-3. cs Fulton, ° Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1896, vol. xvii, p. 78 Proc.Marac.Soc. J.Green delet lith. Mantern Bros.imp. | NEW LAND SHELLS FROM CELEBES. SMITH: LAND-SHELLS FROM SOUTH CELEBES. 103 Clausilia subpolita, Smith. Pupa Selebensis, Tap.-Can. Veronicella graffi, Simroth. Pterocyclus tenuilabiatus, Metcalfe (var.). Cyclotus fasciatus, Martens. , fulminulatus, Martens (probably=politus). politus, Sowerby (var. Amboinensis, Pfr.). 99 longipilus, Martens. as euttatus, Pfr. “a Celebensis, Smith. »» pyrostoma, Smith. depictus, Tap.-Can. Cyclophorus nigricans, Pfr. Lagochilus ciliocinctus, Martens (var.). : 3 bellus, Martens. Leptopoma Moussoni, Martens. a vitreum, Lesson (Bottger and Wallace). a Manadense, Pfr. Alyceus Jagori, Martens. 5 Celebensis, Martens. Helicina parva, Sowerby. 53 oxytropis, Gray. Prof. E. von Martens (Max Weber’s Zool. Ergeb., ii, p. 256) gives the total number of species as 651; but, deducting the seven species from Saleyer island and three synonyms ( Obba soror reuld, Amphidromus interruptus, and A, Sultanus), the actual number of indigenous species known to him amounted to 56. To this number fourteen new species, and thirteen others already described from Celebes and other localities, are now added, making a total of 83. EXPLANATION OF PLATE VII. Fies. 1, 2, 3. Cyclotus pyrostoma. poe tae Os Oe $5 Celebensis. » 7, 8, 9. Helicarion Wallacei. », 10,11, 12. Macrochlamys indifferens. », 18, 14, 15. Microcystina consimilis. a l6, li, ES: consors. 19. Xesta dimidiata. ee 221 22. Chloritis Howes. ‘eee Calycia Everetti. gatas Clausilia Celebensis. 56 20% rs simillima. 39 20% », Subpolita. Sree eile a5 usitata. | ; : 20. Hemiplecta Bonthainensis. i | f 1 This should be 66 according to his list of species quoted in the table on the previous pages. | E | | 104 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. ON SOME FRESH-WATER SHELLS FROM THE ISLAND OF KOLGUEY. By Epear A. Situ, F.Z.8., etc. Read 13th Mareh, 1896. ‘As Kolguev Island lies but fifty miles off the coast of Arctic Europe it may fairly be regarded as European. A glance at the map will show that it is the only island in that part of the Arctic Ocean known as Barents Sea.” Mr. A. Trevor-Battye, from whose book, ‘‘Tce-bound on Kolguev,” I have quoted the above paragraph, did not collect any terrestrial or fresh-water molluscs during his expedition in 1894, his attention being more devoted to botany, birds, and mammals. Colonel H. W. Feilden, the well-known Arctic naturalist, was, however, during his visit in 1895, successful in finding the following three species of fresh-water shells, the first recorded from the island. Although no land-shells have as yet been discovered, it is very probable that some species of Zonitidee and Pupide may occur, such forms apparently being capable of enduring an Arctic climate. Colonel Feilden also obtained a few marine forms. They are not, however, of any special interest, belonging to well-known boreal forms of Buceinum, Littorina, Astar te, Car dium, and Mytilus. The three fresh-water species are— 1. Limnza patustris, Miller. Var. terebra. Westerlund, Fauna Paliarct. Region, Theil 2, p. 46. Hab.—Kriva River (Feilden). In these specimens the spire is often much produced, the whorls are very convex, and the surface, when cleaned, has a silky appearance. The lines of growth are fine and oblique, and interrupted by somewhat distant, impressed spiral lines, producing a more or less reticulated appearance. All the specimens have the apex eroded; and the largest, consisting of four remaining whorls, is 22 mm. in length. Limyaa ovata, Draparnaud. | “Var. nova reecipue notabilis, spira elongata, | crassa, contorta, sutura impressa, pone aperturam ob- liqua, anfractu antepenultimo tumido-conyexo, ultimo, ventroso, infra levissime attenuato, subrotundato.” | (Westerlund in litt.) | Hab.—Valley of the Gobista River (Feilden). | Mr. ©. A. Westerlund, who kindly gave me his) opinion upon these species, was unable to identify thee specimens with any known form of this species ; therefore suggest the name Kolguev ensis for this variety. It is very unlike the typical form, the greater length of the spire and the; tumidity of the penultimate whorl being very remarkable. Limnea ovata var. Holguevensis. 1 i 8. PLANorBIS BOREALIS (Lovén), Westerlund. P. borealis, Lovén, Westerlund, Mal. Blit. 1874, vol. xxu, p. 112,) pl. ii, figs. 28-5 ; Fauna Palaarct., Theil 2, p. 80. Hab.—Kriva River (Feilden). 105 |/NOTES ON THE MOLLUSCA FROM A RAINWASH AT DARENTH, KENT. By A. 8. Kennarp. : Read 13th March, 1896. \Dorte the winter of 1894-5 extensive excavations were carried on ‘in the parish of Darenth, resulting in the exposure of the remains of a large Roman building, which had been covered since its desertion by a Tainwash varying in thickness from two to six feet. Out of this ‘rainwash I have obtained fifteen species of Mollusca, viz.— Amalia Sowerbyt, Fer. Vitrea cellaria, Mill. ,, nitidula, Drap. . Pyramidula rotundata, Mill. Felicella ericetorum, Miill. - caperata, Mont. Hygromia hispida, Linn. | Vallonia pulchella, Mill. Helicigona arbustorum, Linn. Helix aspersa, Miill. » nemoralis, Linn. Clausilia bidentata, Strom. Cochlicopa lubrica, Mill. Cecilianella acicula, Mill. Cyclostoma elegans, Mill. With the exception of Helix aspersa and H. nemoralis, all the examples were obtained from one spot at the base of the deposit, and were mixed with fragments of bone and Roman pottery. Helix aspersa and H. nemoralis, however, were much more abundant, and always occurred at the very base; the upper portion of the rainwash contained no shells. There can be no doubt that the above list represents the molluscan fauna of the immediate neighbourhood at the period immediately subsequent to the Roman occupation, and on comparing it with the existing species a difference is at once seen. All the \species enumerated are now living in the vicinity; but, on the other aand, there are four species which, though extremely abundant at she present time, are entirely absent in the deposit, viz., Zygromia rufescens, Helix hortensis, Helicella cantiana, and HH. virgata. The ibsence of the first- named is due, probably, to local causes, since it recurs at Copford, Crossness, and elsewhere. Helix hortensis is not ‘mown to occur in any deposit, though often erroneously recorded, and n this case there is no possibility of confounding it with Helix nemoralis, »ecause all the examples retain their color ation. The past distribution of Helicella virgata is rather puzzling. It is entirely absent from ee ee VOL. I1.—ocTOBER, 1896. 8 Ee 106 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. all beds of the London district,! but occurs in the Pleistocene gravels of Barrington, Cambridge; and I have lately had examples sent me from a Neolithic rainwash at St. Catherine’s Down, Isle of Wight. In all probability it is a very recent introduction into the Home Counties. The non-occurrence of Helicella cantiana fully bears out Mr. B. B. Woodward’s view that this species is of post-Roman introduction into this country. Helix aspersa has been recorded from several Roman deposits, and has been considered to have been introduced at that time, but Mr. J. W. Flower notes* that it is constantly found in British barrows in Wiltshire, and it occurs in the St. Catherine’s Down deposit. Mr. B. B. Woodward has also called my attention to the fact that it is recorded from deposits resembling ‘‘ kitchen middens”’ on the shores of the Mersey, one mile from the present sea-shore,* so that its pre-Roman existence in this country must be admitted. 1 Since this was written, a specimen has been obtained by Dr. Corner from the Pleistocene deposit at Ilford. 2 J. W. Flower, F.G.S., ‘ The Prehistoric Sepulchres of Algeria’’: Transactions of International Congress of Prehistoric Archeology, 1868, p. 209. 2 C. Collingwood, Proc. Lit. and Phil. Soc. Liverpool, 1863, pp. 113-4. 107 ON FLAMMULINA (ALLODISCUS) CHION, A NEW HELICOID LAND-SHELL FROM NEW ZEALAND. | By E.. R.. Syxzs, B.A., F.Z.8., ete. | Read 10th April, 1896. Tue species about to be described formed part of the collection made by Mr. H. B. Preston, in the North Island of New Zealand, and is the second new species from that collection, the first having already been described.! FramMurina (ALLopIscus) CHION, 0.Sp. Testa parva, depresse conica, imperforata, tenuis, confertim costulata, omnino nivea; anfr. 5-53, convexi, regulariter accrescentes, ultimus non descendens, costulis 82 approx. ornata, interstitiz sub lente striate ; basi medio impressus; apertura rotundato-lunaris;_peri- stoma simplex, tenue. Diam. maj. 5, alt. 3 mm. Hab.—Near Inglewood, Taranaki, North Island. At first sight this species would suggest the idea that it is an albino form of some known shell: on examination, however, there seems to be no known form quite resembling it; and since it proved plentiful, and no coloured specimens were found, this idea may be abandoned. It is of a lovely, snowy white, and has spiral striations on the apical whorls. The nearest species appears to be 2. venulata (Pfr.), from the South Island; from this, however, /. chion may be separated by the difference in the relative proportions of breadth and height, as also by the more distant and more elevated riblets. ‘The entire absence of colour is also a remarkable feature. I have to thank Mr. Suter for kindly examining a specimen and giving his opinion. 1 Proc. Malac. Soc., Vol. I, p. 218, March 1895. 108 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCTETY. FROM BOMBAY. By J. Cosmo Metvri, M.A., F.L.S., ete Read 10th April and 8th May, 1896. | PLATE VIII. | In November, 1892, conjointly with Mr. Alexander Abercrombie, of | Bombay, I published! a Catalogue of about 320 species of marine — Mollusca, that had been collected by the latter gentleman during | three successive seasons on the shores of this favoured, specialized, | and little explored centre. Specialized, Bombay is certainly proved to be in this particular, since many showy species would seem to | have made her coasts their headquarters; and, besides, in the | Catalogue just referred to, no less than twenty-five were signalized as novelties, many belonging to the more attractive genera, e9., | Purpura, Murex, Tellina, and Raéta. At the same time a few of the ‘‘minutiora”’ were described and figured, and a far larger number | set aside for future investigation. These have received welcome | additions by an assortment of two further boxes of shell-shingle, kindly forwarded a year ago by Mr. Abercrombie; which, while | yielding further specimens of nearly all the smaller species first enumerated, likewise provided fresh material in the way of many | novelties. | The molluscan fauna of Bombay being, as already observed, well | differentiated and specialized, it is rendered a simpler task than might be thought, to discriminate such forms as are now to be describeds | | No dr edgings, scientifically made, have been carried out here—indeed, | Tam informed, the configuration of these coasts is not satisfactory for | , the purpose and no collections of the smaller species, excepting a | few by the Rev. Mr. Fairbank, of Bombay, and Messrs. H. F. and | W. T. Blanford, had been made, when a few species, e.g. Lrawadia | trochlearis, Blan?. , and Fairbankia Bombayana, Blanf., were described. | Mr. Geoffrey Nevill subsequently discovered a few, mainly Pleuro- | tomide, and it is regrettable that his types are all in the Calcutta | Museum, and therefore inaccessible to most British conchologists. | | DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF MINUTE MARINE SHELLS | i Some, however, have been figured in the Journal of the Asiatic | Society of Bengal. The Ceylon fauna and that of Karachi, the latter now being | assiduously explored by Mr. F. W. Townsend, differ widely from that of Bombay, though of course a few species are common to two or all three of the localities. We cannot think that, numerically, the Bombay list will exceed 500 species (exclusive of brackish-water forms such as Weritina, Potamides, etc.); and the publication of the | following twenty-six new forms, mainly belonging to the families 1 Cf. Memoirs Manchester Lit. and Phil. Soc., series rv, vol. vil, pp. 17-61. MELVILL : NEW MARINE SHELLS FROM BOMBAY. 109 Solariide, Scalariide, Pyramidellide, and Cerithiide, will swell up the total of those catalogued to 350 species. I would tender my best thanks, not only to Mr. Abercrombie, for oroviding the material of which this paper is the outcome, but also to Mr. KE. A. Smith and Mr. EK. R. Sykes, for aid and advice. It is intention to offer to place the types of all these small species in pie Natural History Museum, South Kensington. 1. Brrrium TENTHRENO!s, n.sp. Pl. VIII, Fig. 1. __B. testa cylindrica, obesula, doliiformi, solida, ochracea, apice obtuso, apud apicem, simul ac ad basim pallidiore, anfractibus 7, in medio latioribus, tribus papillarum ordinibus transversim regulariter instructis, papillis parvis, gemmatis, interstitiis alveolatis, ‘apertura ovato-rotunda, labro exteriore minime expanso. Long. 3, lat. 1:25 mm. About twenty specimens of a small, tun-shaped, “cylindrical shell, warm ochraceous in colour, with the extremities pale, almost white, ornamented with three rows of papilliform gemme on the whorls, the spaces between them being alveolate, whence the specific name, derived from tev@pyvwéys, ‘honeycombed.’ This species is slightly like Cerithiopsis pulvis, Issel, from the Red Sea, a very small species, which, with the present one, I should be inclined to class rather as a Bittium. 2. CERITHIOPSIS RUBRICINCTA, n.sp. Pl. VIII. Fig. 15. C. testa fusiformi, solida, pallide ochracea, anfractibus 10 vel 11, tumidis, apud suturas impressis, binis gemmarum ordinibus trans- versim decoratis, longitudinaliter clathratis, interstitiis alveolatis, infra juxta suturas tenui rubra zona accinctis, apertura subrotunda, peristomate tenui, canali brevi. Long. 3°25 mm. sp. maj., lat. 1mm. Very beautiful, though minute. Of a pale ochraceous colour; the ventricose whorls are ornamented, just below the sutures, with a red band; the sculpture is, as is usual amongst the TZriforis, Bittium, and Cerithiopsis, a double row of transverse gemme, crossed by lattice- forming riblets, the interstices being honeycombed and deep. The mouth is almost round, canal very short, lp simple. Several specimens. 3. Crrrratopsis Sykes, n.sp. Pl. VIII, Fig. 8 C. testa attenuato fusiformi, aciculata, ochracea, anfractibus 12 vel 18, rectis, minime ventricosulis, trinis gemmarum papilli- formium ordinibus transversim cingulatis, apud suturas impressis, in uno specimine juveni duobus apicalibus anfractibus pellucidis, vitreis, apertura subquadrata, simplice. Long. 4:25, lat. 120mm. A tropical representative of the typical species of the genus, 0. tubercularis, Mont., from which this shell differs in being straighter, more attenuate, and regular. It comes nearer to the C. diadema, Watson, from Madeira, of which I have only seen a figure, but is smaller than that species. It is ofa uniform pale ochraceous-brown, and the single young individual of the series possesses two vitreous apical whorls “intact. I have much pleasure in connecting with this small Cerithiopsis the name of Mr, KE. R. Sykes, our indefatigable Secretary. 110 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 4, CERITHIOPSIS PULCHERRIMA, n.sp. Pl. VIII, Fig. 3 C. testa tenui, multum attenuata, aciculari, albida, anfractibus 13, apud suturas canaliculatis, apud canales uno gemmularum ordine, ceterasque in partes anfractuum bino ordine similari instructis, apertura subquadrata, labro tenui. Long. 4, lat. 1°15 mm. Seven specimens, mostly rather imperfect. The largest, from which this description is taken, is slightly distorted in one of the central whorls; it is in very good condition, being white, elongated, very attenuate, thirteen-whorled, ornamented with three rows of gemmules, one row being at the canaliculate depression, just below the sutures of each whorl, the other two on the normal whorl. The mouth is simple, aperture squarrose. It is a very beautiful little species. 5. Sotartum (Torinta) Homaraxis, usp. Pl. VIII, Fig. 12. S. testa minutissima, depressa, profunde umbilicata, albescente, gemmulata, supra depresso-planata, anfractibus 4, ultimo rapide accrescente, ad peripheriam bicarinato, carinis regulari gemmarum ordine decoratis, simili bino ordine circa umbilicum, inter has, infra, simul ac supra, quatuor minorum gemmularum ordinibus instructis, apertura quadrato-rotunda. Long. 1, lat. 2mm. . I alluded to this specimen when. describing its congener, S. delectabile, also from the same locality.’ This species differs in its more depressed form, the bicarinate angles at the periphery, and its smaller size. The shell is in juvenile condition, however, and may grow slightly larger, the apical whorls showing this. It is an exceedingly highly chased and sculptured little species. 6. Rissorva EpENTROMA, n.sp. Pl. VIII, Fig. 238 R. testa ovata, gradata, solidiuscula, candida, anfractibus 5, undique longitudinaliter crassicostatis, costis levibus, interstitiis transversim tenuistriatis, apertura ovata, labro exteriore incrassato. Long. 2, lat. 1:15 mm. Three specimens, one being juvenile, of a highly sculptured little species, which I have placed in /ssoina rather than in Rissoia, owing to the thickened base of the aperture, the general form being more in accordance with a species of the latter genus. The shell is gradately turreted, five-whorled, the whorls being | uniformly costate, the ribs very thick in proportion to the size of the - shell, and the Mteraricen between transversely finely striate. The name, from the Greek évévzpwua, signifying ‘a delicacy,’ is chosen — on pecnnne of the extreme beauty of this little Aissoina. 7. Rissomva pacHystoma, n.sp. Pl. VIII, Fig. 4. R. testa solida, fusiformi, albo-cinerea, anfractibus 8, undique longitudinaliter recticostatis, costis regularibus, levibus, nitentibus, interstitiis levibus, apertura oblique ovata, labro exteriore multum incrassato, ad basim quasi-truncato, margine columellari obliquo, erasso. Long. 5, lat. 2 mm. 1 Mem. Manch. Lit. and Phil. Soc., vol. vii, p. 57. MELVILL: NEW MARINE SHELLS FROM BOMBAY. Tel The nearest approach to this species seems to be RR. conifera (Schwartz). It is principally distinguishable by its straight, smooth ribs, and extremely incrassate outer lip, the base being somewhat . truncate, and the thickening extending to the columellar margin. 8. ADEORBIS VANIKOROIDES, n.sp. Pl. VIII, Fig. 14. A. testa profunde umbilicata, depresso-globosa, apice exserto, tenul, anfractibus 4, ultimo rapide accrescente, longitudinaliter obliquissime tenuicostatis, costis levibus, interstitiis sub lente striatulis, ultimo circa umbilicum effosso, angulari, apertura ovata, labro exteriore simplice, paullulum incrassato. Long. 1°50, lat. 1mm. Extremely small, but very characteristic. Of the same character as A. scaber, Phil., a Central American shell, but differing entirely in form; the apex is conspicuously exserted so far as the first two whorls are concerned, the last whorl is large, and entirely longi- tudinally obliquely ribbed, the interstices between being very finely striate. The umbilicus is profound, angularly ridged above, and the aperture ovate. The specific name suggests a superficial resemblance in miniature to species of Vanikoro, Quoy and Gaimard, which name has precedence by several years over Warica, Recluz. 9. AcLIs ATEMELES, n.sp. \'Pl. VIII, Fig. 10. A. testa angusta, attenuata, fusiformi, delicatula, albido-cinerea, anfractibus 6, tumidis, apud suturas impressis, sub lente tenuissime transversim striatulis, apertura ovata, labro exteriore paullulum incrassato. Long, 3°25, lat. 1°25 mm. A finely striolate species, with ventricose whorls, six in number, apex obtuse, mouth ovate, simple. The name suggested is the Greck atnuedys, ‘neglected,’ from the inconspicuous appearance. 10. Actis roa, n.sp. Pl. VIII, Fig. A. testa oblongo-fusiformi, delicatula, semipellucida, lactea, apice obtuso, anfractibus 6, paullum ante apicem irregularibus, ventricosis, apud suturas multum impressis, fere leevibus, vix nitentibus; apertura ovata, peristomate simplice, tenui, margine columellari obliquo. Long. 3°50, lat. 1:25 mm. ihe thin, semipellucid, milky shell, without any gloss, six-whorled, the whorls a little uregular and distorted, ventricose, and impressed at the sutures. The aperture is ovate, the outer lip simple, and the columellar margin somewhat oblique. It does not yield in beauty to the other known species, nearly all of which are exquisite in form. The specific name is given from its Eastern habitat. 11. Evrrma DEws-cotusRI, n.sp. Pl. VIII, Fig. 19. E. testa parva, politissima, attenuato-curvata, apud basim latiore, translucida, anfractibus 10, juxta, infra suturas zona lactea pellucente cinctis, apertura oblique oblonga, labro marginem apud columellarem paullum incrassato. Long. 5mm. sp. maj., lat. 1°75 mm. A small incurved species, ten-whorled, smooth, polished, but trans- lucent, the basal portion being broader in proportion. This form is 112 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. allied to the European and British 2. imeurva, Renieri, 2. distorta, Phil. (non Defrance), but the shell is much broader at the base, and the whorls are not so flattened. The mouth is obliquely oblong, and in full-grown specimens the shell is slightly thickened at the columellar margin. Many specimens. Another small species of Hulima occurs, of which I have two speci- mens: it is straight, and in form like /. polita, L.; it may possibly be identical with 4. subangulata, Somb., described as being an inhabitant of the Indian Ocean. 12. Syrnoza meTria, n.sp. Pl. VIII, Fig. 16. S. testa elongata, fusiformi, solida, alba, nitida, anfractibus 10, apud suturas acute canaliculatis, rectis, apertura ovato squarrosa, peristomate tenui, simplice, marginem apud columellarem uniplicato. Long. 5, lat. 2mm. A shining, smooth species, deeply channelled at the sutures. Mouth squarely ovate, with one columellar plait. In form an Odeliscus, in mouth-process a Syrnola. The name is the Greek pézpios, ‘ moderate,’ ‘modest.’ 13. Oscruza Inprca, n.sp. PI. VIII, Fig: 5. O. testa attenuata, fusiformi, delicatula, tenui, semipellucida, candida, anfractibus 9 vel 10, transversim undique spiraliter tricostatis, costis acutis levibus, interstitiis sub lente tenuissime longitudinaliter striatis, apertura oblonga, labro simplice, marginem apud columellarem uniplicato. Long. 3, lat. 1°25 mm. A very beautiful little form, of which only one specimen has so far occurred. It might easily be overlooked for the young of Jrawadia trochlearis, Blanford, but this is a coarser shell, though of the same transversely carinate pattern and white colour. It is a most delicate species, and the columellar plait, though somewhat deep-seated, is very evident. 14, Myonta eavisa, n.sp. Pl. VIII, Fig. 26. M. testa tenuissima, albida, subpellucida, elongato-attenuata, an- fractibus 7, ventricosulis, undique transversim filostriatis, apertura oblonga, peristomate tenui. Long. 2°25, lat. 1 mm. A very small, delicate species, with some appearance of an Aclis, but we consider rightly referable to Myonia (Acteopyramis, Fischer). The shell is white, subhyaline, whorls probably seven (but the sole specimen is a little broken at the apex), much ventricose, and uniformly transversely filostriate. The name is the Latin gavisus, ‘that has given pleasure,’ from the beauty and sculpture of this little shell. 15. Mrratpa matima, n.sp. Pl. VIII, Fig. 6. M. testa oblonga, gradatula, tenui, albida, subpellucida, anfractibus 6, ad suturas multum impressis, subcanaliculatis, turritis, infra suturas bino gemmarum ordine decoratis, partes ad ceteras anfractuum trans- versim costulatis, ultimo apud basim leviore, apertura oblonga, labro tenui, marginem ad columellarem uniplicato. Long. 2, lat. 1mm. a MELVILL: NEW MARINE SHELLS FROM BOMBAY. 113 A very small but well-marked shell, its sculpture being distinct. The whorls, six in number, of which two are very small and apical, one turreted, bemg much compressed—almost canaliculate—at the sutures. Below the sutures there is a double row of transverse gemme, and the rest of the whorls are ornamented with plain, transverse, raised lines or small cost. The mouth is oblong, and the columellar plait is large and strong. Only one specimen is in existence, one other, which was in all respects precisely similar, haying, unfortunately, got mislaid. EcéaXimos is a Homeric adjective for ‘comely,’ the Latin formosus, and is well bestowed upon this little shell. 16. Opostomra ANTELIA, n.sp. Pl. VIII, Fig. 22. O. testa ovato-fusiformi, tenui, crystallina, levi, nitida, anfractibus 6, apud suturas multum impressis, ventricosulis, sub lente spiraliter tenuissime calcario-lineatis, apertura ovato oblonga, margine colu- mellari uniplicato, plica recta, conspicua. Long. 2, lat. 1mm. A typical Odostomia, with translucent, white, polished surface, six whorls, ventricose, deeply impressed at the sutures, giving a gradate appearance to the shell; under a lens in certain strong lights very indistinct, chalky, transverse lines are seen on the surface; the aperture is ovate-oblong, the lip simple, the columellar plait being straight and conspicuous. The specific name is the Greek dvzi\vos, ‘ eastern.’ It has some affinity with certaim European species, e.g. O. eulimoides and O. rissoides, of Hanley. Another species of Odostomia has, unfortunately, been mislaid. It is a very distinct form, a little larger than the preceding, with the whorls (seven) deeply channelled at the sutures, shape conically fusiform, columella with strong plait, aperture internally spirally striate. 17. Oposromra syrNoLorpEs, n.sp. Pl. VIII, Fig. 138. O. testa attenuata, fusiformi, alba, parum nitente, delicata, an- fractibus 6, apud suturas impressis, apertura oblonga, labro fere continuo, marginem apud columellarem fortiter uniplicato. Long. 2°50, lat. 1 mm. A smooth, dull white, six-whorled little shell, the apex vitreous, mouth ovate, with a strong straight plait on the columellar margin. Like a Syrnola in miniature, hence the specific name. Of the typical form of the genus, allied to O. plicata, Montagu. 18. Pyrevtmna PyrgoMELLA, n.sp. Pl. VIII, Fig. P. testa attenuata, fusiformi, gradata, candida, anfractibus 7, ad suturas subimpressis, longitudinaliter, ad medium anfractuum, costulatis, costis leevibus, papillosisque infra juxta suturas, apertura oblonga, labro exteriore simplice, paullum reflexo, columellari con- spicue uniplicato. Long. 5mm. sp. maj., lat. 1°25 mm. Two specimens of a conspicuously beautiful species, of the same facies as Turbonilla scalaris, Phil., but white, whilst the columellar plait gives it generic distinction. 114 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. The longitudinal ribs begin at a little distance from the sutures, the immediate space between being quite smooth, and the ribs are also slightly papillose at the upper end, the papillee merging into the mb. The specific name is derived from the Greek zupyéua, ‘a tower,’ from the turreted whorls. It may possibly be equally well placed in the genus D/ormula, Ad. 19. Pyrevtma Epearn, n.sp. Pl. VIII, Fig. 21. P. testa angusta, fusiformi, gradatula, tenui, candida, anfractibus 6, ad suturas impressis, undique longitudinaliter crassicostulatis, costis scalariformibus, interstitiis transversim tenuissime striatis, apertura ovata, margine columellari fortiter uniplicato. Long. 2, lat. °75 mm. About twenty specimens. This species I venture to name after Mr. Edgar A. Smith, as a very small token of appreciation for his invariable kindness and assistance. The smaller size, turreted or eraduate whorls, thick, longitudinal, scalariform ribs, and extremely fine transverse striations, differentiate this little species from Pyrgulina interstriata, Souverbie, and other allies. Amongst the Bombay species of this genus, which is sometimes taken as a section of Odostomia, the following occur, in more or less plenty :— P. callista, Melvill. Twelve of this most beautiful form in the second consignment of shell-sand; only four in the first. P. casta, Adams. A few, not quite typical; may be a different species. P. interstriata, Souverbie. I cannot separate the most abundant species at Bombay from this. JI have specimens from the Gloyne Collection, from Upolu, precisely similar. P. pyrgomella, v.sp. P. Hdgari, u.sp. 20. Turponitta ABERcROMBIET, n.sp. Pl. VIII, Fig. 7. T. testa pergracili, attenuata, albida, nitida, anfractibus 11-12, subturritis, omnibus longitudinaliter recticostatis, costis mterstitisque eeque leevissimis, anfractu apicali in specimine juvenali, heterostropho, vitreo, apertura subquadrata, peristomate simplice. Long. 4, lat. 1mm. Three specimens, of which two are juvenile, showing the apical nucleus, and the third mature, but not quite perfect. Conjecturally, the whorls would be eleven or twelve. The longitudinal ribs are straight, the whole surface is very smooth, and the mouth is square. I have much pleasure in associating with this species the name of my friend Mr. Abercrombie, to whose kindness I am indebted for the whole of the material descanted upon in this paper. 21. Turponriia sororta, n.sp. Pl. VIII, Fig. 17. T. testa gracili, attenuata, albido-ochracea, semipellucida, tenui, apice heterostropho, anfractibus 11-18, subventricosis, undique longi- tudinaliter recticostatis, costis, interstitiisque levissimis, apertura ovata, peristomate simplice. Long. 6mm. sp. maj., lat. 1mm. Several specimens, in various stages of growth; the younger shells MELVILL: NEW MARINE SHELLS FROM BOMBAY. 115 all showing the mammillate heterostrophe apex so distinguishing a trait of this family. In form resembling 7. acuticostata, Jeffreys. The trivial name now imposed suggests such affinity. 22. TURBONILLA TEREBRINA, n.sp. Pl. VIII, Fig. 20. T. testa gracillima, multum attenuata, candida, nitida, perlevi, anfractibus 11, longitudinaliter levissimi-costatis, interstitiis omnino levibus, apertura oblonga, peristomate simplice. Long. 6, lat. 1:15 mm. About the same size as the preceding, but a more solid, shining shell, with smoothly rounded ribs, scarcely elevated, and the inter- stices also quite smooth; mouth oblong, lip simple. Five specimens. The superficial likeness to a species of Terebra suggested the trivial name. It belongs to the typical genus Zurbonilla proper, and is nearly allied to some European species. 23. Turponriia (Pyreosretis) Euiiirm, n.sp. Pl. VIII, Fig. 25. T. testa minuta, oblonga, cylindrica, candida, apice mamillari heterostropho, anfractibus 6, undique longitudinaliter recticostatis, interstitiis transversim arcte tenuissimi striatis, apertura ovata, peristomate, paullum incrassato, margine columellari simplice. Long. 1°75, lat. 75 mm. A very small, straightly-whorled, white, semipellucid species, of which many specimens occurred in the last consignments of shell- shingle, but which was not noticed in previous siftings. IT am not quite satisfied with the location, though it seems to resemble i in form such species as Pyrgostelis flexuosa, J effreys. Had a columellar plait been present, no doubt it would be relegated to Pyrgulina. I venture to associate with this little shell the christian name of Mrs. Abercrombie. 24, Crnevrina Arcuimepga, n.sp. Pl. VIII, Fig. 2. C. testa pyramidato-fusiformi, candida, concinna, solidiuscula, anfractibus 11, transversim spiraliter acute bic: arinatis, interstitiis oblique rudi-lineatis, ultimo anfractu apud basim levi, ad ‘peripheriam angulato, apertura subquadrata, labro simplice. Long. 5, lat. 1°75 mm. Three specimens, all precisely similar, of a pure white shell, with a slight bluish tinge in parts, spirally acutely twice keeled on the Gris, which would be in a perfect specimen eleven in number, but none of those before us have the apex complete ; the keels are sharp and projecting. At the base the shell is smooth, the aperture is squarely angular, mouth simple. This species is the most sharply carinate of any Cinguline we have examined. The miniature screw-like appearance suggested the trivial name, after Archimedes, the celebrated Syracusan mathematician, inventor of the screw, who is reported to have taken for his model thereof the well-known Mediterranean shell Turritella terebra, L. 25. PHASIANELLA minIMA, n.sp. Pl. VIII, Fig. 11. P. testa minutissima, perforata, solidiuscula, alba, nitida, an- fractibus 5, tumescentibus, ventricosis, levissimis, rubro-punctatis et flammulatis, apud medium anfractus ultimi squarrose rubro-maculatis, 116 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. maculis transversis, paucis, apud basim multipunctatis, apertura ovato- rotunda, labro simplice. Long. 2mm. sp. maj., lat. 1 mm. A very minute shell, which I cannot exactly match with any pourtrayed and described in Pilsbry’s exhaustive collaboration of the genus.! It comes near to P. wmbilicata, D’Orb., from Cuba and Florida, but would seem even more tumid than that species, while it is entirely smooth, with no impressed lines; the shell is perforate, solid, white, shining, very smooth, with five whorls; whorls extremely tumid and ventricose, impressed at the sutures, painted with a sprinkling of minute red dots, these most profuse at the base of the shell; a little below the lower half of the last whorl there is a transverse row of a few somewhat square, dark-red spots; the mouth is oval, outer lip simple. Ten specimens, but mostly not full-grown. 26. Trxirna (TELLINELLA) THYMaRES, n.sp. Pl. VIII, Fig. 9. T. testa delicatula, tenui, alba, subtrapeziformi, compressa, con- centrice multi-costulata, margine dorsali declivi, serrulato, latere antico expanso rotundato, postico truncatulo, margine ventrali latus ad posticum contracto, deflexo. Long. 13, lat. 20mm. A most delicate species, resembling in texture, but not in form, such species as Zellina perplexa or T. lyra, both of Hanley. The shell is trapezium-shaped, compressed, delicate white, thin, regularly concentrically closely ribbed, the dorsal margin sloping slightly, thus recalling the genus TZellidora, (e.g. ZT. crystallina), serrulate both posteriorly and anteriorly, the anterior side being roundly expansive, somewhat truncate posteriorly, the ventral margin contracted towards the posterior side. The specific name is from the Greek @uuapys, ‘ delicate.’ EXPLANATION OF PLATE VIII. 1. Bittium tenthrenois. 14. Adeorbis vanikoroides. 2. Cingulina Archimedea. 15. Cerithiopsis rubricincta. 3. Cerithiopsis pulcherrima. 16. Syrnola metria. 4. Rissoina pachystoma. 17. ‘Lurbonilla sororia, 5. Oscilla Indica. 18. Aclis eoa. 6. Miralda idalima. 19. Eulima dens-colubri. 7. Turbonilla Abercrombiei. 20. Turbonilla terebrina. 8. Cerithiopsis Sykesii. 21. Pyrgulina Edgarii, 9. Tellina thymares. 22. Odostomia antelia. 10. Aclis atemeles. 23. Rissoina epentroma. 11. Phasianella minima. 24. Pyrgulina pyrgomella. 12. Solarium homalaxis. 25. Turbonilla Emilie. 13. Odostomia syrnoloides. 26. Myonia gavisa. 1 Man. Conch., ser. 1, vol. x, p. 162, ete. Vou II. Pu. VIL Proc. Marac. Soc. Mintern Bros .imp. J.Green delet lth NEW MOLLUSCA FROM BOMBAY. 117 ON THE PROOSTRACUM OF A BELEMNITE FROM THE UPPER LIAS OF ALDERTON, GLOUCESTERSHIRE. By GC. ‘Crick, F.G:8.,. ete Read 8th May, 1896. PLATE IX. Tuer shell of the extinct genus Lelemnites consists fundamentally of— 1. A hollow cone, the phragmocone (with a thin shelly wall, termed the conotheca), divided by transverse septa, concave above and convex below, into chambers or loculi: the septa are perforated near the ventral margin by a siphunele. 2. A guard or rostrum, more or less extensively enveloping the apical part of the phragmocone. 3. A dorsal plate or anterior shell, which is a very thin plate extending forwards on the dorsal side, and considerably beyond the chambered portion of the phragmocone. To this Professor Huxley, in his famous memoir on the structure of the Belemnitide, gave the name prodstracum. The guard or rostrum is the portion of the shell which is usually preserved ; frequently the phragmocone also is found; but the remains of the prodstracum are so seldom met with in anything lke a perfect state of preservation, that it seems desirable to place on record a specimen which has lately been acquired by the British Museum. It formed part of the Rev. P. B. Brodie’s collection, and is labelled, in (as I am informed) Mr. Brodie’s handwriting—‘ Sepiaceous portion of perhaps a belemnite. Upper Lias: Alderton, Glostershire. /77.” The words ‘‘a belemnite”’ have been erased in pencil, and the words ‘ Like Beloteuthis’’ have been added in ink. The specimen is displayed on the two counterpart faces of a split slab of limestone, here designated A and B respectively. It is not possible to determine the species of Belemnites to which the prodstracum belongs, since nearly the whole of the guard is missing; but that it belonged to a Belemnite is shown by some fragments of the* anterior part of the guard which are associated with the remains of the phragmocone, and exhibit the characteristic structure of this portion of the shell. The phragmocone is so much crushed that its exact form cannot be ascertained. Its fragments are associated with a dark-brown, almost black substance, evidently the fossilized contents of the ink-bag. On the one slab (A) this brown stain does not extend beyond the anterior part of the phragmocone, but on the other (B) the stain reaches quite to the anterior border of the prodstracum, Since this stain is 118 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. undoubtedly derived from the ink-bag, the side next the stain is considered to be the inner or yentral surface, and it is this surface which is well displayed on the slab marked A, and to which the following description chiefly applies. The anterior portion of the phragmocone exhibits the broken edges of one or two of the septa, the anterior border being about 1mm. in advance of the last septum, which was apparently incomplete. The phragmocone is of a brownish colour, while the prodstracum is much thinner, nearly white, and forms a layer external to the phragmocone. The anterior boundary of the latter is not distinctly marked; it is, as it were, spread over the prodstracum ; and that it was a layer distinct from the latter, seems evident from the fact that the central rib of the prodstracum arises quite suddenly, as if it came up behind the phragmocone. The prodstracum is a broad, spatuliform plate, of about the thickness of a piece of writing-paper, about four times as long as broad, somewhat contracted posteriorly, and somewhat expanded anteriorly. It is not possible to give the exact diameter of the anterior part of the phragmocone, but in its crushed condition its width is about 25°5mm. ‘The posterior part of the prodstracum is 19mm. wide (about three-quarters of an inch); its length is 74mm. (or rather more than 27 inches). Passing forwards from the anterior border of the phragmocone, it contracts slightly, so that at about 16mm. from the border of the phragmocone it is only 17 mm. wide; thence expanding gradually, it attains its greatest width, viz. 23 mm., at about 5mm. from the anterior extremity; it then narrows very rapidly, its antero-lateral boundaries being somewhat flattened, or even slightly concave. A small portion of the central part of the anterior extremity is wanting in the specimen, so that there appears to be a notch here in the median line: this may be accidental, and the anterior boundary may originally have been rounded and entire. The prodstracum is bounded on either side by a longitudinally striated band, which is rather thicker than the rest of the proostracum and is continued over the surface of the phragmocone, the impression of the longitudinal striz being seen in one or two places where the phragmocone has been broken away. The outer boundary of each band is also thickened. At the anterior part of the phragmocone these bands (the dorsal processes of Mantell) are each 5mm. wide; they gradually become narrower anteriorly, and disappear at the antero-lateral angles. The median line of the prodstracum is occupied by a narrow, hollow rib, about 0°5 mm. wide, convex ventrally, and bearing a very narrow median groove. This central rib can be traced from the anterior border of the phragmocone, and is seen gradually to become wider and less distinct towards the anterior end of the prodstracum. A narrow portion of the prodstracum on either side of the median rib is longitudinally striated; the rest of the area on each side is marked by lines which curve upwards and outwards. As to the homologies of the Belemnite shell with the sepion, or Vou. I]. Pr. IX. — Mintern Bros. imp pr Proc _Marac Soc. J.Green delet hth. PROOSTRACUM OF BELEMNITE. a a CRICK : PROOSTRACUM OF BELEMNITE. 119 sepiostaire, the present specimen supports the view' that the phragmo- cone corresponds to the inner portion of the sepiostaire; that the epicuticula of the phragmocone, with its dorsal expansion, corresponds to the middle layer, or to the gladius of other forms; and that the rostrum or guard corresponds to the outer portion of the sepiostaire. Whether the dorsal expansion of the epicuticula of the phragmocone alone forms the prodstracum, or whether its dorsal surface was wholly or in part covered by a forward continuation of the guard, this speci- men offers no evidence whatever; but it seems to show that the wall of the phragmocone did not enter into the formation of the proostracum. EXPLANATION OF PLATE IX. Fic. 1. Ventral aspect of proéstracum displayed on slab marked A. », 2. Counterpart of Fig. 1 as seen on slab marked B. », 93. Lower portion of Fig. 1, somewhat enlarged. », 4. Restoration of prodstracum, the lower portion being the epicuticula of, and containing, the phragmocone: the guard is omitted. », 6. Median section of the lower part of Fig. 4, showing the relation of the phragmocone to the proéstracum. a. anterior border of phragmocone; g. guard; mr. midrib of proéstracum ; ph. wall of phragmocone; pr. prodstracum; s. last septum of phrag- mocone; si. siphuncle. 1 See Dr. E. Riefstahl, ‘‘ Die Sepienschale und ihre Beziehungen zu den Belem- niten’’: Paleontographica, vol. xxxii (1886), pp. 201-14, pls. xxvii, xxvill. See also A. Appelléf, ‘* Die Schalen von Sepia, Spirula, und Nautilus’? : Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, Bd. xxv, No. 7, 1893. 120 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. A LIST OF THE LAND-SHELLS OF THE ISLANDS OF BATCHIAN, TERNATE, AND GILOLO. By Enear A. Surru, F.Z.S., etc. Read 8th May, 1896. Herr Bruno Srrvsert recently sent me for identification a small collection of land-shells from the above islands, and among them occurred the two new species about to be described. In the course of examining the literature dealing with the fauna of these islands, I have brought together the following lists,’ which it appeared useful to publish. Only those species which have been quoted from one or other of these islands are referred to. A number of forms have been assigned to the ‘‘ Moluccas,’? among which a few may possibly occur at one or other of the islands under consideration, but at present we await further information regarding their special ‘‘ habitats” to enable us to range them under their proper localities. I have not given references, since most of these may be obtained in the Manual of Conchology, second series, by Tryon and Pilsbry. The following are the principal works and papers dealing with the subjects :— 1. Martens (E. von). ‘Die preussische Expedition nach Ost- Asien,’’ Zool., vol. u, pp. 99-415. 2. Bottger (O.). Berlin Senckenb. Gesell. 1891, pp. 241-318. 3. Strubell (B.). Nachrichtsbl. deutsch. mal. Gesell. 1892, pp. 41-50. 4, Tapparone-Canefri (C.). Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 1884, vol. xx, pp. 148-169. 4) FROM BATCHIAN. Lamprocystis subangulata, Bttgr. Planispira atrofusca, Pfr. Xesta sulfurata, Martens. Scheepmakert, Ptr. luctuosa, Beck. exceptiuncula, Fér. ignescens, Pfr. —— aspasia, H. Ad. Trochomorpha Ternatana, Le Guil. —— (Cristigibba) corniculum, planorbis, Lesson. Hom. and Jacq. [—— Batchianensis, Pir.= Terna- §5—— expansa, Ptr. tana. | —— —— Moluccensis,” Pir. Eulota (Plectotropis) Winteriana, lacteocincta, Smith. v. d. Busch. Albersia zonulata, Feér. Planispira Kurri, Pfr. pubicepa, Martens. compta, H. Ad. Papuina Gaberti, Lesson. pileolus, Fer. rhynchostoma, Pfr. nodifera, Pfr. (?). — zonalis, Fér. —— endoptycha, Martens. — loxotropis, Pfr. ' These do not include the few species of Auriculide recorded from these localities. 2 This name was changed by Von Martens to semirasa, as he believed the species did not occur in the Moluccas. Specimens from Batchian, however, are in the collection of Herr Strubell. SMITH : Pyrochilus sulcocinctus, Martens. — pyrostoma, Fér. xanthostoma, Herkl. Pupina Pfeifferi, A. Ad.(non Dohrn). Diancta torta, Bttgr. Cyclophorus leucorhaphe, Martens. Leptopoma globulosum, Pfr. vitreum, Lesson. pellucidum, Grat. LAND-SHELLS FROM THE MOLUCCAS. IAI Leptopoma Papuanum, Dohrn. Manadense, Pir. Cyclotus guttatus, Pfr. plicosus, Martens. Batchianensis, Pfr. Helicina electrina, Pfr. parva, Sow. Georissa crebrilirata, Bttgr. (2) FROM TERNATE. Lamprocystis subangulata, Bttgr. Xeste aulica, Pir. Trochomorpha planorbis, Lesson. Ternatana, Le Guil. Planispira exceptiuncula, Féx. endoptycha, Martens. quadrifasciata, Le Guil. loxotropis, Pir. atacta, Pfr. Papuina vitrea, Fer. (=albula, Le Guil.). lanceolata, Pfr. Clausilia Cumingiana, Pfr., var. Moluecensis. (3) FROM Lamprocystis subangulata, Bttgr. Ambonica, Bttgr. (var.). Xesta citrina, Linn. aulica, Pfr. sulfurata, Martens. Trochomorpha planorbis, Lesson. Ternatana, Le Guil. Lulota (Plectotropis) Winteriana, Pir, Planispira zonaria, Linn. Halmaherica, Strubell. —— Tietzeana, Rolle.? — quadrifasciata, Le Guil. — Thetis, Pfr. loxotropis, Pfr. — atacta, Pfr. — zonalis, Pfr. — exceptiuncula, Fer. Opeas Panayensis, Pfr. Javanica, Rve. clavulina, Pot. et Mich. Ternatana, Bttgr. Diancta constricta, Martens. Leptopoma vitreum, Less. Cyclotus (EHucyclotus) pruinosus, Martens. —— (Pseudocyclophorus) guttatus, Pfr _——— ( Platyrhaphe) parvulus, Martens. GILOLO. Planispira Phryne, Pfr. (Cristigibba) Giloloensis, Smith. Camena (Pseudobba) Brunonis, Kobelt.* Albersia pseudocorasia, Strubell. pubicepa, Martens. Obba calcar, Martens. Papuina vitrea, Fér. (=albula, Le Guil.). chondrodes, Strubell. lanceolata, Pfr. Pyrochilus pyrostoma, Fer. lampas, Miill. Clausilia Cumingiana, Pfr., var. Moluccensis, Martens. Cyclophorus leucorhaphe, Martens. Leptopoma vitreum, Lesson. 1 The young of this species is figured by Reeve as a Cyelotus, Conch. Icon., fig. 46; the adult as a Pterocyclos, op. cit., fies. 6a, db. 2 Nachrichtsbl. deutsch. mal. Gesell. 1893, p. 33. 3 Conch.-Cab., Helix, p. 681, pl. exev, figs. 1-3. VOL. I1.—OcTOBER, 1896. 122 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Leptopoma Halmahericum,Strubell. Cyclotus plicosus, Martens. erentlabre, Strubell. Omphalotropis Ceramensis, Pfr. cinctellum, Pfr. LHelicina parva, Sow. Cyclotus pruinosus, Martens. zoe, Pfr. DESCRIPTION OF THE NEW SPECIES. 1. Puantsprra (Cristiarepa) GILoLoEnsis, n.sp. Figs. 1, 2. Testa anguste umbilicata, orbicularis, alba, lineis incrementi tenuibus striata; spira concave depressa; anfractus 4, convexi, ultimus irregularis, pone aperturam gibbosus et inferne subinflatus, antice leviter descendens; apertura alba, oblique lunata; peristoma album, anguste expansum, marginibus conniventibus. Diam. maj. 14:5, min. 11°5, alt. 8mm. Hab.—Halmahera or Gilolo Island. This species somewhat resembles /elix leptochetla,‘ as regards form. The colour and also the shape of the aperture, however, are different. 2. PLANIsPIRA (CRISTIGIBBA) LACTEOCINCTA, n.sp. Figs. 3, 4. Testa orbicularis, anguste umbilicata, sordide albida, fasciis rufo- nigris 1-2 et fascia mediana opaca lactea ornata, epidermide crassiuscula induta; spira plana, in medio leviter depressa; anfractus 4, convext, ultimus antice breviter descendens, lineis incrementi leviter obliquis sculptus, inferne aperturam versus subinflatus, dein constrictus ; apertura late lunata, intus concolor, zonis externis translucentibus ; peristoma anguste expansum, albidum, marginibus conniventibus, columellari leviter reflexo. Diam. maj. 16, min. 13, alt. 8 mm. Var. Testa pallida, zona opaca lactea ad peripheriam ornata. Diam. maj. 15, min. 11 mm. Hab.—Batchian or Batjan Island. Both the specimens of this interesting species have the opaque, cream-coloured zone at the periphery, but only one of them is ornamented with colour-bands. The upper zone is upon the upper surface of the body-whorl, the lower one being at the periphery and bordered below by the opaque, cream-coloured band. None of the bands reach to the peristome, and the whitish zone extends only about half-way round the whorl. The constriction and gibbosity of the body-whorl behind the lip are only observable upon the lower — surface. ! Tapparone-Canefri, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, xx, 1884, pl. i, figs. 14-16. Pilsbry, Man. Conch., ser. 11, vol. vi, pl. bu, figs. 25-7. ————eeeeEO—E=EEE—EE—— 123 ON THE APLACOPHOROUS AMPHINEURA OF THE BRITISH SEAS. By Watrer Garstane, M.A., F.Z.S. Read 12th June, 1896. PLATE X. Tue remarkable worm-like Molluscs now associated with the Chitons in the order Amphineura, possess a high interest, owing to the unique way in which these animals combine great simplicity of appearance and structure with distinctively Molluscan features. Beneath their simple, worm-like guise, however, these creatures betray unmistakable signs of retrogression from a higher grade of organization. The ciliated furrow along the ventral surface of the body looks like a persistent elongated blastopore, or the ciliated ventral surface of an Archiannelid. There can be little doubt, however, that it is a relic of an ancestral mantle-cavity like that of a Chiton. The slender, razor-like fold enclosed within the groove is an heirloom from ancestors with a well-developed creeping foot. The pharynx, smooth in some forms, armed with a single tooth in others, is furnished with a typical radula in certain other types. The coat of fine spicules which envelops the body looks like a primitive form of exoskeleton. Yet Pruvot tells us that in one instance, at any rate, the larva has a series of well-developed Chiton-like plates along its back, which appear to be shed when the creature settles down to its typical mode of life. There seems to be ample reason, therefore, for regarding, with Simroth, the Aplacophorous forms of Amphineura as degraded from a more Chiton-like ancestral condition. Their residence in deep water, beneath the tidal zone and beyond the influence of waves and storms, has enabled these creatures—as com- ' pared with the littoral Chitonide—to dispense with their plate-lke armature and suctorial foot, and to adopt new habits and assume new forms. Some burrow in mud; many, however, lead a semi-parasitic existence, creeping about on the surface of Alcyonarian corals or twining their flexible bodies round the stems of Hydroid Zoophytes. In the hope of drawing the renewed attention of English malacologists to this inviting group of Molluscs, I give below a list of the forms which are at present known to inhabit British seas. Two of these have been recorded within the last fifteen months. This _ fact, when the number of forms now known from neighbouring seas | is taken into consideration, renders it very probable that the British list of these Molluscs is far from completed. | The classification and nomenclature adopted is that of Simroth’s |) recent revision (1893). APLACOPHORA. I. Fam. Ca aropERMATID. Body constricted into three segments. Ventral furrow absent. | Mantle-chamber reduced to a small posterior cloaca. Two gill-plumes in the cloaca. Radula in form of a single tooth. | Habits— Burrow in mud. No British representatives. a 124 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Il. Fam. Neomentp. Body uniformly elongated, without constrictions. A ventral furrow present. No true gill-plumes. Respiratory organs, when present, in the form of simple protuberant folds of the wall of the rectum. Radula present or absent. Habits. — Creep on the surface of mud, or on water-plants (Posidonia?); or live in a semi-parasitic manner on corals and Hydroid Zoophytes. 1. Neomentra, Tullberg, 1875. Body 2-8cm. long. Cloaca subterminal, continuous with the ventral furrow. BRITISH APLACOPHORA. 125 BIsLioGRAPHY. 1853.—Dalyell, J. ‘The Powers of the Creator,” vol. 1, p. 88, plea tie, 11: 1879.—Norman, A. M. ‘On the occurrence of Weomenia ( Solenopus ) in the British Seas’?: Ann. Mag, Nat. Hist., ser. v, vol. iv, pp. 164-6. 1887.—Kowalevsky, A. O., and Marion, A. F. ‘Contributions a l’Histoire des Solenogastres ou Aplacophores”?: Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Marseille, 111. 1891.—Pruvot, G. ‘Sur ’Organisation de quelques Néoméniens des Cotes de France”: Arch. Zool. Exp. et Gen., sér. 1, tom. ix, pp. 700-805, pls. xxv—xxx1. 1893.—Simroth, H. ‘‘Amphineura”: Bronn’s Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs, Bd. ui [2nd ed.], pp. 133-233. 1895.—Allen, E. J. ‘“‘ Notes on Dredging and Trawling work during the later half of 1895”: Journ. Mar. Biol. Ass., iv, 1896, p. 166. EXPLANATION OF PLATE X. Fie. 1.—Neomenia Dalyelli, Kor, and Dan. (?). A copy of Dalyell’s figure of Vermiculus crassus, showing a group of ova. Fie. 2.—Neomenia carinata, Tullberg. A. from below, after Hansen. 07. branchial folds of rectum; m. mouth; p.f. pedal furrow. B. a contracted specimen, from above, after Tullberg. Fic. 3.—Rhopalomenia aglaophenia, Kow. and Mar. A. An individual twined round a stem of Aglaophenia, enlarged. (After Kowalevsky and Marion.) B. An individual twined round the branches of Aglaophenia myriophylhun, nat, size. (After Pruvot.) C. Dorsal view of anterior extremity: the sensory papille of the buccal cavity are seen projecting in front. D. Ventral view of anterior extremity, showing the buccal aperture, the pedal gland, and the ventral furrow. (C and D after Kowalevsky and Marion.) E. Ventral halt of a transverse section in posterior part of body, showing the foot lying in the ventral furrow. (Modified after Pruvot.) cu. cuticle; f. foot; g. gonaduct (nephridium, mucilaginous gland) ; p. ectodermal papille, traversing the cuticle ; p.2. pedal nerve-cords ; v. rectum. Fic. 4.—Myzomenia Banyulensis, Pruvot. ; A. An individual coiled round a stem of Lafoéa dumosa. n.s.=nat. size. B. Posterior extremity, ventral view, showing the cloaca widely open at the moment of egg-laying. 0. ovum; ¢s. tuft of slender spicules in middle of ventral border of cloaca; vs. ventral streak. C. Wing-like spicules, forming a double row for the protection of the ventral streak. D. Shield-like spicules, arranged in an imbricating manner over the general surface of body. E. Small spicules found here and there among the shield-like spicules. F. Ventral part of a transverse section in middle region of body, showing the reduction of the ventral furrow and the absence of a foot. eu. cuticle; p.m. pedal nerve-cord; sp. spicules; v.ds. ventral blood- sinus. All figures of this species after Pruvot. 126 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. PRELIMINARY DIAGNOSES OF NEW SPECIES OF NON-MARINE MOLLUSCA FROM THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. PART I. By KE. RB. Syxus, B.A., F.Z-8., etc. Read 12th June, 1896. Durine the past few years Mr. R. C. L. Perkins has been collecting natural-history specimens in the Hawaiian Islands, under the auspices of a joint committee of the Royal Society and the British Association for the Advancement of Science. Since Mr. Perkins may be still for some time in the Islands, the final report on the Mollusca must be delayed, and it therefore appears advisable to diagnose from time to time the new species as they are found in the fresh material sent home. It is hoped that the new forms will be fully illustrated in the final report. 1. Macrocutamys PERKrst, n.sp. Testa imperforata, tenuis, cornea vel fusco-cornea, nitida, superne sub lente indistincte striata; spira depresso-conoidea, apice obtuso ; anfr. 43-5, regulariter et lente accrescentes, convexiusculi, ultimus paulo supra medium subangulatus; sutura subimpressa; apertura lunato-ovata, subobliqua; perist. simplex, tenue, rectum. Diam. max. 6°5, min. 6, alt. 3°5 mm.; alt. apert. 2°5 mm. Hab.—Wanai (Perkins). The difficulty of giving a serviceable description of these forms is very great, but perhaps Jf Perkinsi may be best identified by its colour, which is darker than usual, by the narrowness of the last whorl, the slowness and regularity with which the whorls increase, and the striation on the upper surface. 2. Enpoponta (THAUMATODON) RINGENS, 0.sp. Testa parva, late et perspective umbilicata, regulariter ruguloso- striata, corneo-flavescens, rufo maculata; spira depressa, apice mediocri, levi; anfr. 5-54, tumidusculi, compressi, regulariter accrescentes, ultimus ad peripheriam rotundatus, basi convexius- culus; apertura rotundo-lunaris, lamellis duabus conspicuis parietalibus, supera majore ; dentibus quatuoribus in labio. Diam. max. 4°5, alt. 1°5 mm. Hab.—Mountains of Lanai, behind Koele (Perkins). This shell recalls in form /. hystriz, Mighels, but in lamellae and teeth strongly resembles /. rugata, Pease. It may be separated — a SYKES: NEW HAWAIIAN NON-MARINE MOLLUSCA. 127 from this last species by the more depressed spire, the absence of keel on the last whorl, deeper suture, the absence of revolving striz, etc. 3. Enpoponta (Nesopaia) LANArENsIs, n.sp. Testa parva, late et perspective umbilicata, solidula, parum nitens, lutea, strigis brunneis subequalibus picturata et radiata, confertim costulata costulis parvis, circa umbilicum magis approximatis et tenuioribus, basi sub lente indistincte spiraliter striata ; ; spira depressa, apice levi; sutura impressa; anfr. 43; apertura ovato-circularis, peristomate simplici, lamella unica volventi, parietah. Diam. max. 5, min. 4, alt. 1°5 mm. Hab.—Mountains of Lanai, behind Koele (Perkins). In possessing only a single parietal lamella, this shell approaches E. jugosa, Mighels, £. rubiginosa, Mighels, and /. decussatula, Pease. From the last-named the absence of decussation, save for a few indistinct spiral strive on the base, will at once serve to separate it. It may be distinguished from the two first-named by its smaller size, more depressed form, and more distinct colour-markings; the mouth is also more drawn out from the body-whorl of the shell. 4, Enpoponta (Preropiscus) WESLEYI, 0.n. While dealing with species of Hndodonta, it may be of service to point out that the shell from the Hawaiian Islands made the type of a section of Hndodonta, called Tropidoptera* by Mons. Ancey, and subsequently Pterodiscus* by Mr. Pilsbry, is not really the Helix alata of Pfeiffer. The true ZZ. alata, Pfr.,* has a columellar plait, and will probably prove to be an Amastra, allied to A. heliciformis, Ancey. The shell figured by Mr. Pilsbry, therefore, requires a new name, and that of Wesleyi may be suggested, in honour of Wesley Newcomb, who has done such splendid work on the Hawaiian fauna. 5. LepracHATINA IMPRESSA, 1.Sp. Testa imperforata, dextrorsa, oblonga, pellucida, micans, pallide- cornea, striata; spira elongata, apice obtusa; sutura impressa ; anfr. 73, convexiusculi, ultimus } alt. teste equans; apertura sinuato-pyriformis ; perist. simplex, tenue, margine dextro recto, arcuato, columellari angusto, adnato, parietali nullo. Alt. 7, diam. 2°5 mm. Hab.—Mountains of Lanai, behind Koele (Perkins). An interesting little species belonging to the striate group of Leptachatina, principally from Kauai. ‘There are only two specimens, which, although they do not quite agree, belong to one species. No Preoccupied in Coleoptera. Man. Conch., ser. 11, vol. ix, p. 36, pl. iv, fig. 44. Type in the British Museum. ne or) 128 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. species of this genus has previously been recorded from Lanai; Mr. Perkins found seven. 6. LepracHATINA SEMIPICTA, 1.sp. Testa imperforata, dextrorsa, acuminato-ovata, tenuis, nitida, pellucida, fuseo-cornea, leviter striatula, apice obtusula, pallidiore ; sutura modice impressa; anfr. 6-63, plano-convexi, primi striatuli, ultimus 2 altitudinis teste sequans, fere levis, apertura ovato- pyriformis ; peristoma margine dextro recto, incrassatulo, columellari angusto, adnato, parietali nullo. Alt. 8, diam. max. 4mm. HHab.—Mountains of Lanai, behind Koele (Perkins). There are, including young shells, about forty examples of this species. Most of them have the lower half of the last whorl of a lighter colour ; some, however, are unicolorous. 7. Lepracaatina PERKINSI, D.sp. Testa dextrorsa, ovato-fusiformis, tenuiuscula, sub lente striatula, fuscescens, nitida, semipellucida, apice obtusulo, albido-corneo ; sutura simplex, leviter impressa; anfr. 6-63, plano-convexiusculi, ultimus 2 altitudinis teste equans; apertura pyriformis; peristoma margine dextro leviter incrassato, intus albido-corneo, columellari angusto, parietali nullo. Alt. 10°5, diam. max. 5 mm. Hab.—Mountains of Lanai, behind Koele (Perkins). This and the next species are very closely allied, and may be separated by the fact that Z. Smithi is of a lighter colour, smaller size, and is a trifle wider in proportion to its length. In LZ. Smithi the last whorl is slightly longer in proportion to the total length of the shell. 8. Lepracuatina SMITHI, n.sp. Testa dextrorsa, ovato-fusiformis, tenuiuscula, sub lente striatula, pallido-cornea, nitida, pellucida, pe eee albido-corneo; sutura simplex, leviter impressa; anfr. 6-64, plano-convexiusculi, ultimus plus quam % + altitudinis teste ¢ aie ‘apertura pyriformis; peristoma margine hecho leviter incrassatulo, intus albido-corneo, columellari angusto, parietali nullo. Alt. 9:25, diam. max. 49 mm. Hab.—Mountains of Lanai, above Koele (Perkins). For remarks on this species see those on the preceding one. 9. AMASTRA LONGA, D.sp. Testa dextrorsa, elongata, subperforata, solida, substriata, epider- mide nigro-fusco induta, apice AEUATT CT: sutura simplex ; anfr. 7, modice plani, ultimus plus quam } altitudinis teste equans; apertura sinuato-semiovalis, intus albida; columella superne parum plicata, tum lamina parva transversim munita; peristoma simplex, rectum. Alt. 11°75, diam. max. 6°5 mm. SYKES: NEW HAWAITAN NON-MARINE MOLLUSCA. 129 Hab.—Wanai (Newcomb); windward side of Lanai, apparently extinct (Perkins). This is one of those species which are fast disappearing from the fauna of the Hawaiian Islands, or are, indeed, already extinct. The two specimens found by Mr. Perkins have lost their periostracum, but others in the British Museum, collected forty years ago, are in far better condition. The species is, in form, of the group of A. turritella, Fér., and has the blackish periostracum usually found on the species of Amastra from Lanai. 10. AMASTRA FRATERNA, I.Sp. Testa sinistrorsa, ovato-turriformis, tenuis; sutura impressa; anfr. 63-7, convexiusculi, longitudinaliter striati, epidermide fusco vel nigro-corneo induti; apertura ovata, mediocris; peristoma rectum, acutum, lamina mediocri. Alt. 10, diam. max. 5°5 mm. HHab.—Mountains of Lanai, behind Koele (Perkins). This interesting species belongs to the group of -4: soror, Newe., and A. elongata, Newe. It is clothed entirely with a dark-brown periostracum, and is a little more inflated than either of the two species mentioned. There are specimens in the Cumingian Collection which have been labelled A. soror, and possibly these were part of the series which induced Newcomb to give Lanai as one of the localities for that species. All later authors have given Maui only. 11. AMASTRA VILLOSA, Isp. Testa elongato-turrita, sinistrorsa, subimperforata, crassula, pallide- cornea, epidermide brunneo induta; anfr. 7-73, convexi, longitudi- naliter et irregulariter valde striati; sutura bene impressa; apertura lunata, fere recta; peristoma rectum, acutum, albidum; lamina columellaris parva. Long. 20, lat. 7 mm. Hab.—Molokai (Perkins). This shell, nearly related to A. Hutchinsonii, Pease, from Maui, may be separated by its greater size, more elongate spire, and the shape ot the last whorl, which is not so fusiform as in that species. The suture is also more deeply impressed. 12. AMASTRA CITREA, D.sp. Testa dextrorsa, imperforata, ovato-fusiformis, solidiuscula, nitidula, flavida, suboblique valde striata, apice resinaceo, acutulo; anfr. 6, plano-convexi, primi mediocriter plicati, ultimus } altitudinis teste cequans, epidermide nigro-brunneo leviter indutus; sutura impressa ; apertura ovato-lunata; columella contorta; lamina valida, alba; peristoma simplex, margine dextro recto, acuto. Long. 15, diam. max. 8mm. Hab.—Molokai (Hutchison, Baldwin). Though not yet found by Mr. Perkins, I take the present opportunity of describing this form. It is noteworthy for its light straw-yellow colour; the periostracum is almost entirely lacking, save 130 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCTETY. on the last whorl, though traces may be seen on the earlier whorls. In shape it recalls A. s¢mularis, Hartman, but is slightly more ovate and shorter; the difference in colour will at once separate them. The plications on the apices of the two species are about equally marked. 13. AMASTRA SIMULARIS, Hartman, var. ROSEOTINCTA, N. var. Differs from the type in the colour being of a very much lighter shade, the apex, however, being of the ral dusky tint; the hen is also more ovate and shorter, and the lamina is slightly more horizontal. I had proposed to describe this shell as a new species, but a few specimens of the variable A. simularis show a slight approximation, and it will, I think, only prove to be an extreme variety. Hab.—Molokai Mountains (Perkins). 14. Newcomsra Perxryst, n.sp. Testa sinistrorsa, anguste perforata, elongato-fusiformis, solida, cineraceo-fusca, striis vel strigis fuscis pulp uTancibue eleg anter picta ; spira gracilis, apice obtuso, levi; anfr. , planiusculi, ultimus 4 altitudinis teste subeequans; sutura cree columella subplicatal ; apertura parum obliqua, semiovalis, basi subangulata; peristoma simplex, margine columellari superne dilatato, adnato. Alt. 26, diam. max. 7°5 mm.; apert. alt. 7°5, lat. 4 mm. Hab.—Molokai Mountains (Perkins); Molokai (Baldwin, Hutchison). Specimens are to be found in some collections under the name of NV. Philippiana, Pfeiffer. The present species, however, is larger, much more solid, the whorls are flatter, the colouring is lighter and different, the columellar lp is more reflexed, and the perforation more conspicuous. One puzzling question of nomenclature requires consideration in connection with the small, unicolorous, polished, almost imperforate Zonitoid forms found in the Hawauan Islands, and, indeed, scattered over all Polynesia. They have been placed most usually in Microcystis, Beck, in which course M. Ancey and Mr. Baldwin, in their respective papers on the Hawaiian fauna, have concurred; the latter further making Microcystis a section of Nanina, Gray. To deal with the latter point first, it may be pointed out that Risso! had previously used Nanina for a Mediterranean marine Gastropod, and that the name therefore must be removed entirely from the nomenclature of land- shells. The other point, namely, whether these shells belong to Microcystis at all, requires far more consideration. 1 Hist. Nat., vol. iv, p. 150, 1826. EO SYKES: NEW HAWAIIAN NON-MARINE MOLLUSCA. 131 Beck proposed Microcystis in 18371 as a section of Manina, Gray, and he placed in it six species in the following order :— 1. pellicula, Beck. This appears to be of uncertain identity, but is most probably a Cape of Good Hope species near Zingis Natalensis (Pfr.). 2. trifasciella, Beck = Helix Cubensis, Pir. 3. pictella, Beck = Helix Cubensis, Pir. 4. ornatella, Beck. 5. filiceti, Beck= Helix Adamsi, Pfr. 6. amenula, Beck=? JL. ornatella, Beck, var. We have first to settle whether Ifcrocystis is worthy of retention in our nomenclature, and then what species should stand as its type. The principle which I would suggest should be applied is, that where a genus is put forward in an old catalogue of this kind, with no special named type, but a somewhat heterogeneous lst of species, it should only be retained if one of two conditions be fulfilled, namely, that it has either been properly adopted by some subsequent author prior to any other name being suitably proposed, or where no other name at all has been given to the group. Further, the first identifiable species, not belonging to any other genus, should be the type; or, the first species, if the genus has been broken up, so placed by the author dividing the group, provided, of course, it be originally in the genus. Now, how do we stand with regard to Merocystis ? Albers,? in 1850, properly adopts this genus, placing as his first species one not included by Beck; his second, however, being If. ornatella, Beck. Morch,* in 1852, gives JL. ornatella as his first species; he created at the same time the genus Cysticopis for H. Cubensis, Pfr. (=trifasciella and pictella of Beck). Beck’s first species being of uncertain identity, I would therefore suggest that ornatella be treated as the type of Microcystis. Now these small Zonitoids hardly fit into the same genus as this species, and therefore some other generic title is required for them It appears to me that Iacrochlamys, Benson,‘ is the most suitable. The advantages and disadvantages of retaining this name in nomen- clature have been so recently discussed by Colonel Godwin-Austen,’ that I will not enter into the subject here, beyond saying that his reasons for its retention appear sufficiently convincing. The type is M. Indica, Benson, which has been sometimes improperly confused with the Helix vitrinoides, Deshayes, and is even now slightly un- certain specifically: there is no doubt, however, that it agrees with what is usually accepted as Dacrochlamys. Whether our small forms are in accord with the typical group of this genus anatomically, Index Moll., p. 2. ‘Die Heliceen,’’ p. 59. Cat. Voldi, 1852, p. 2. Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, vol. i, 1832, pp. 13, 76. ‘* Mollusea of India,’’ vol. i o fF © Ne 132 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. remains to be proved; but, conchologically, they only appear to differ in size. For the present, therefore, I would suggest the following as a convenient working classification :— Genus IJacrochlamys, Benson. Section IMacrochlamys, s.str. Type JL Indica, Benson, to include all the highly polished, depressed, almost and quite imperforate species, which have no callosity in the aperture. Section Wicrocystina, Morch. Type JL Rinkii, Mirch, to include the species which have a reflected columellar lip showing a sinus or notch. Section Lamprocystis, Pfeiffer. First species ZL. excrescens, Mousson, to include the species having a dentiform callosity on the columellar lip. It has been already shown by Colonel Godwin-Austen! that the radula and jaw of Jlicrocystina are similar to those of Jfacrochlamys ; and he has formed a subfamily Macrochlamine to contain I/acrochlamys, Microcystina, and Hemiplecta, giving Helix Humphreysiana, Lea, as the type of the latter genus. The species grouped under IMierocystis by Semper? would appear to fall in this grouping under Jacrochlamys, his first species being ML. myops, Semper and Dohrn. 1 «¢ Mollusca of India,’’ vol. i, p. 12. 2 « Reisen im Arch. der Phil. ” Landmollusken, 1870, p. 43. PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 133 ORDINARY MEETING. Fripay, 13TH Marca, 1896. Prof. G. B. Howes, Sec.L.8., President, in the Chair. The following communications were read :— 1. “On some Fresh-water Shells from the Island of Kolguey.” By E. A. Smith, F.Z.S., ete. 2. ‘* Notes on the Mollusca from a Rainwash at Darenth, Kent.” By A. 8. Kennard. 3. ‘On the Aperture of a Baculite from the Lower Chalk of Chardstock, Somerset.” By. G. C. Crick, F.G.S., ete. 4, ‘The Female Organs of Neritina fluviatilis, Linn.” By Prof. G. Gilson. 5. ‘Report on a collection of Polyplacophora from Port Phillip, Victoria.” By E. R. Sykes, B.A., F.Z.S., etc. Mr. W. Crouch exhibited a specimen of Pholas crispata, Linn., and a living specimen of Petricola pholadiformis, Lam., both from the Crouch River. Mr. H. Fulton exhibited a collection of the recent species of the genus Amphidromus containing five-sixths of the known species; also a specimen of Zvtra extra, Jouss., from the Red Sea. Mr. A. Sich exhibited a living sinistral specimen of Pyramidula rotundata, Miill., which had been found in a garden at Chiswick on 24th August, 1895, and had since added one-eighth of an inch to its shell. Specimens in illustration of their respective papers were exhibited by A. 8. Kennard, E. A. Smith, and E. R. Sykes; the last-mentioned also exhibited forms of Achatinella Mighelsiana, Pfr., from Molokai, Hawaiian Islands. The President laid on the table, and called attention to, the record by Mr. Haswell of the occurrence of a Neomenian off Sydney, N.S.W. ORDINARY MEETING. Fripay, 10ra Aprit, 1896. Prof. G. B. Howes, Sec. L.8., President, in the Chair. The following communications were read :— 1. ‘On a collection of Land-shells from South Celebes.”” By E. A. Smith, F.Z.S., ete. 2. ‘* Abstract account of Mons. Bernard’s paper on the Morphology of the Hinge in Pelecypoda.” By B. B. Woodward, F.L.S., ete. 3. ‘* Descriptions of new species of minute Marine Shells from Bombay.” By J. C. Melvill, F.L.S., ete. 4. “A new Helicoid Land-shell from New Zealand.” By E. R. Sykes, B.A., F.Z.S., ete. Mr. 8S. Pace exhibited the radula and shell of Columbella sinuata, 134 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. G. B. Sby., from California, and stated that the radula showed the species to be a true Columbella. Mr. Da Costa exhibited the type of Bulimus (Dryptus) Salteri, G. B. Sby., and a variety from Peru; also B. atramentarius, Pfr., and B. Adamsoni, Gray ?, from Bogota, B. Powisianus, Petit, from the River Cauca, and a variety from the Vallé de Magdalena, Colombia. On behalf of Mrs. Kenyon were exhibited a specimen of Voluta undulata, Lam., having a thickened callus on the columella; a specimen of Pirula ficoides, Lam., having a notch in the outer lip; specimens of Cyprea tigris, Linn., showing parallel lines in the structure of the shell—all from South Australia. Specimens in illustration of their respective papers were exhibited by J. C. Melvill, E. A. Smith, and E. R. Sykes; the last-mentioned also exhibited British marine shells, including Defrancia Leufroy?, Mich., from Herm, Zepton squamosum, Mont., from Guernsey, and the Brachiopod Argiope decollata, Chemn., from the Scilly Isles. ORDINARY MEETING. Fripay, 8rH May, 1896. Prof. G. B. Howezs, Sec. L.S., President, in the Chair. The following papers were read :— 1. On the Prodstracum of a Belemnite from the Upper Lias of Gloucestershire.” By G. C. Crick, F.G.S., ete. 2. ‘List of the Land-shells of the Islands of Batchian, Ternate, and Gilolo.”” By E. A. Smith, F.Z.S., ete. 3. “ Descriptions of four new species of Marine Shells from Bombay.” By J. C. Melvill, M.A., F.LS., ete. 4. ‘‘ Note on the occurrence of Petricola pholadiformis, Lamk., at Shellness, Kent.” By J. E. Cooper. The author, while shore-hunting, at Easter, 1896, on Shellness, near Sandwich, Kent, found several specimens of Petricola pholadi- jormis, Lamk.; though none of them contained the animal, they were, with few exceptions, fresh and in good condition, so that there seemed to be every probability this species was now living in Pegwell Bay. The shells were scattered over at least two miles, and in most cases were associated with single valves of Pholas candida, to which they bore a strong external resemblance. The specimens collected showed considerable variation in breadth, and were more solid than North American examples in his possession. Mr. W. Crouch exhibited specimens of Petricola pholadiformis from the River Crouch, Essex, and remarked that two living specimens had, to his knowledge, been taken in that river, both at Cricksea, a mile west of Burnham, in association with Pholas crispata. He contrasted the Essex forms with the descriptions and figures given by Gould of the North American ones. He considered the species, which he first noticed in July, 1890, had been introduced, and had ‘‘ come to stay.” PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCTETY. 135 Specimens of the same shell were exhibited on behalf of Mr. A. 8. Kennard, who wrote that he found the species at the beginning of April, living in abundance at Herne Bay, Kent. All the examples were collected between half-tide and low-water marks, and were found in burrows about six inches long. The only other mollusc he found living with it was Pholas candida, Linn., but this was by no means so abundant. As to the extent of its distribution, he could not speak definitely, but he traced it for at least two miles in an easterly direction, and it would probably be found in a westerly direction beyond Whitstable. From its abundance, and from the extent of the colony, there could be no doubt but that it had been established there for some time, whilst the proximity of Whitstable was very suggestive as to the means of its introduction. Its super- ficial resemblance to Pholas candida, Linne, was most probably the reason why it had previously been overlooked, and he suggested that search be made for it in similar localities. Mr. W. Crouch further exhibited a portrait of Miss Jane Saul (nm. 5 Dec. 1807, 0b. 2 Sept. 1895), the last of the old shell-collectors, and the friend of many conchologists, i whose honour the following species (examples of most of which were shown) had been named : 1, Schizodesma Saulia, Gray (1838); 2, Murex Saulie, Sby. (1840); 3, Cypreaa Saulia, Gask. (1848); 4, Cistula Saulie, Sby. (1848) ; 5, Triton Saulia, Rve. (1844); 6, Helix Saulia, Pir. (1845); 7, Mar- ginella Saulia, Sby. (1846); 8, Nausitora Sauliea, Wright (1866) ; also the genus Saulea, Gray (1867), for S. vitrea (Born). Mr. 8. Pace exhibited specimens of Columbella compta, Lischke, and C. pleurotomoides, Pilsbry, both from Japan, and pointed out their specific identity. Mr. B. B. Woodward exhibited a microscope slide of Phyllirrhoé. Mr. A. Leicester exhibited photographs of Port Erin Bay, and of the Marine biological Station there; also various British marine shells, including a species of Pecten, the specific identity of which was uncertain. Mr. R. Bullen Newton exhibited, on behalf of Sir R. Rawson, the original coloured drawings of the shell and animal of Pleurotomaria Quoyana, F. and B., from which the figures in the ‘‘ Mollusca of the Blake Expedition ’’ were taken. Mr. E. A. Smith exhibited specimens of Helix hortensis, Miill., of a thin, unicolorous form, with rather thick periostracum, from Brown Cow Island, in Casco Bay, near Portland, Maine; also specimens in illustration of his paper. Mr. G. B. Sowerby exhibited a specimen of Conus gloria-maris, Chemn. ; also specimens of Spondylus aurantius, Lamk., and S. zonalis, Lamk., to illustrate their specific identity; also a monstrosity of Ffelicella cantiana, Mont. Mr. E. R. Sykes exhibited a specimen of Amastra Hnudseni, Baldwin, from Kauai, Hawaiian Islands. Specimens were exhibited by Messrs. J. E. Cooper and J. Cosmo Melvill in illustration of their respective papers. 136 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. ORDINARY MEETING. Fripay, 12TH June, 1896. Prof. G. B. Howes, Sec. L.S., President, in the Chair. The following papers were read :— 1. ‘On the Aplacophorous Amphineura of the British Seas.” By W. Garstang, M.A., F.Z.S., ete. 2. ‘‘Changes in Mineral Composition of Fossil Shells.” By G. F. Harris, F.G.S., etc. 3. ‘Preliminary Diagnoses of new Non-marine Shells from the Hawaiian Islands.”” By E. R. Sykes, B.A., F.Z.S., etc. Mr. E. A. Smith exhibited a specimen of the recently-described genus Pugnus, Hedley. Mr. G. F. Harris exhibited specimens in illustration of his paper. On behalf of Mr. Monckton were exhibited photographs of a col- lection of shells. Mr. E. R. Sykes exhibited specimens in illustration of his paper. 4 137 ON THREE NEW SHELLS FROM THE COLLECTION OF MR. B. C. THOMAS, OF BREST. By G. B. Sowrrsy, F.L.S., F.Z.S. Read 13th November, 1896. PLATE XI. Tae collection of very choice shells formed by Mr. Thomas, in the course of many years and from many localities, contained numerous types described and figured in the Journal de Conchylio- logie from 1861 to 1878, besides two figured and described by the writer in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society for 1881. Most of these types have recently been purchased for the National ' Collection. I have now the pleasure of describing a Lotoriwm of somewhat remarkable character, also a Pecten and a Cardium new to science. Unfortunately Mr. Thomas neglected to preserve the records of the localities whence many of his shells were procured, although he found a considerable proportion himself, particularly at Tahiti ' and among the Marquesas Islands, so that only with regard to the a Cardium can the habitat be relied upon. The Lotoriwn is probably from the same source; but Mr. Thomas could give me no information as to the locality of the Pecten. Lorortum! armatoum, n.sp. Pl. XI, Fig. 1. Testa late-fusiformis, crassa, rugosa, rufo-fusca; spira pyramidata, subgradata; anfractus 6, primi rotunde conyexi, spiraliter obsolete striati, sequentes angulati, longitudinaliter irregulariter et sparsim plicati, undique spiraliter sulcati, lis spiralibus 2-3 elevatis valde tuberculosis instructi, penultimus bivaricosus, varicibus crassis, acute tuberculatis, ultimus obtuse angulatus, valde et irregulariter tuber- culatus et liratus, varicibus duobus crassis, latiusculis, tuberculis productis subspiniformibus armatus; rostrum breve, leviter contortum, lira crassa obliqua rugosa instructum; apertura ovata; labrum crassum, intus aurantium, duplicatum, tuberculis irregularibus denti- formibus munitum; columella nigro-fusco strigata, dense rugoso- plicata. Long. 70mm.; diam. maj. 42, min. 34mm. Hab.—Marquesas Is. ? This remarkable shell bears no very close resemblance to any hitherto known species. In form it is somewhat like ZL. cutaceum, ! Lotorium, Montf., 1810, is prior to ZLampusia, Schumacher, 1817, whilst Triton, Montt., and Tritonzwm, Link, are preoccupied. VOL. II.—APRIL, 1897. 10 138 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Linn., and in colour it resembles Z. pyrum, Linn. The lire are produced on the varices into short blunt spines. Precren Tuomast, n.sp. Pl. XI, Fig. 2. Testa rotundato-ovalis, tenuis, leviter inflata, squivalvis, oblique subeequilateralis, costis numerosis (circa 30) irregularibus, levibus planulato-rotundatis instrueta, extus dilute purpurascens, flavo tincta, saturate purpureo-fusco late radiata, auriculis mediocris, inequalibus, fere rectangularibus; pagina interna saturate purpureo-fusca, ad marginem maculis 5 flavis ornata. Long. 70, lat. 65 mm. A shell of remarkably thin substance for its size, in form and character almost like one of the small hyaline species, such as P. natans, Philippi, but the prevailing colour is dark. The ribs are irregular, some narrow and close, others broader and more distant; the interior of the left valve is very intense purple-brown, relieved at the margin by five regular, well-defined yellow blotches. Carprum Menpanaense, n.sp. Pl. XI, Fig. 3. Testa subquadrato-ovata, gibbosa, crassa, straminea, et albida, fulvo- fusco variegata, radiatim costata; costis 40 confertiusculis, anticis rotundatis, crenatis, medianis complanatis, utrinque angulatis et serratis, posticis oblique squamatis; costarum interstitiis angustis profunde excavatis, transversim rugatis; pagina interna alba, ad marginem vivide purpurea. Long. 60, lat. 50 mm. Hab.—Marquesas (or Mendana) Is. (Thomas). This shell, remarkable for the vivid purple margin of the interior, is distinguished by the number and peculiar formation of the ribs, which are nearly flat at the top, and angularly spread and serrated at the sides, partially overlapping the deeply excavated interstices. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XI. Fie. 1. Lotorium armatum, n.sp. », 2. Pecten Thomasi, n.sp. ,, 38. Cardium Mendanaense, n.sp. Vern litrinens | Proc.WIALAC.Soc . a imp. me) BR ia.) ao G U an NEW MOLLUSCA THE POLYPLACOPHORA OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA. By W. T. Bepwatt. Read 13th November, 1896. PLATE XII. Tue late Mr. G. F. Angas contributed a paper to the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London in January, 1865, on ‘The Marine Molluscan Fauna of South Australia,” with a list of all the known species up to that time. The list included the following representatives of the Chitonidz :— Lophyrus muricatus, A, Ad. Chetopleura conspersa, H. Ad. & Lophyrus tulipa, Quoy & Gaim. Angas. Lepidopleurus longicymba, Quoy & Lorica Angasi, H. Ad. & Angas. Gaim. Plaxiphora ciliata, Sby. Lepidopleurus variegatus, H. Ad. & Plaxiphora petholata, Sby. Angas. Stenochiton juloides, H. Ad. & Lepidopleurus speciosus, H. Ad. & Angas. Angas. Hanleya variabilis, H.Ad. & Angas. Lepidopleurus liratus,H.Ad.& An- Acanthochites scutiger, Ad. & Reeve. gas[ = L.inquinatus(Reeve) |. Chitonellus Gunnit, Reeve. A few years later I was able to add to this list, Callistochiton antiquus, Reeve, and Lorica volvox, Reeve (included in ‘‘ A List of Species of Marine Mollusca found on the Coasts of the Province of South Australia,” privately printed by me in 1875). ae valve these marks often diverge backward. Along each sutural margin there are two to y four dark dots on each side. The general tone is a light greenish-yellow. Girdle light, ws a tessellated with dark bars opposite the sutures, eee the scales smooth, as in /. smaragdinus. Valve i L ; ; with 10, ii to vii with 1-1, vili with 9 slits, “8”/”0#ilon Thomasi, Length 10°5-14, breadth 5—7°5 mm. = Hab.—Marino, St. Vincent’s Gulf, in pools at high-water mark, on smooth pebbles; Cape Spencer, Investigator Strait, under similar con- ditions, within the influence of the surf (Matthews). It is named in honour of Mr. H. Thomas, who has executed excellent drawings of this and other South Australian Chitons. : 150 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Other specimens referable to this species are found under largish blocks of stone, near low-water mark, at Hardwicke Bay, Spencer Gulf. They are somewhat broader than the type. The colours are the same, except that they are paler throughout, with the whitish tints pre- dominating more. ‘The slits in one of these specimens stand: Anterior valve 8, intermediate valves 1-1, posterior valve 7. I. Thomas is undoubtedly very near to J. smaragdinus, but it seems proper to signalize by a new name the real differences between the two forms. It has much coarser girdle-scales than Z. virgatus, Reeve. 18. Iscunocurron (Iscunorapsta) Nova-Hortanpre (Reeve). Chiton Nove-Hollandia (Gray MS.), Reeve : Conch. Icon., sp. 142; Pilsbry, Man. Conch., ser. I, vol. xiv, p. 145, pl. xix, figs. 67-9. Chiton (Lophyrus) Australis, Tenison- Woods: Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania, 1877, p. 46 (non Sby.). This Chiton has only been recognized as a denizen of South Australian waters during the last two years, although it had been obtained at the Bluff, Encounter Bay, by two or three collectors some time previously. So far as 1 know it has not been found at any other station in this province. The Manual of Conchology gives Adelaide, South Australia, but this is an error, for the coast-line in the immediate neighbourhood of Adelaide is a long stretch of sandy beach, and quite unsuited to the habits of the species under notice. J. Vove- Hollandié is apparently a common species in Tasmania, where it has been confounded with Z. Australis (the New South Wales form) and distributed by collectors as such. 19, CaLLisrocHiron antTIQuUS (Reeve). Chiton antiquus, Reeve: Conch. Icon., sp. 169; Pilsbry, Man. Conch., ser. I, vol. xiv, p. 274, pl. lix, figs. 29-35. There can be no mistaking this beautifully sculptured Chiton, with its malleated upper surface, acutely ribbed side slopes, prominently costated end valves, and doubly costated lateral areas, all the costations being sharply cut into well-defined rounded nodules, small at their commencement and gradually increasing in size towards the margin. ‘Australia’? is the habitat given by Reeve for the type- specimen, which in all probability was obtained at Port Jackson. It was not known as a South Australian species to Angas when listing our shells in 1864; but some three years later it was collected by myself at Marino, on the east side of St. Vincent’s Gulf, and subsequently at Port Willunga. Mr. Matthews has lately collected it on Yorke Peninsula. It also occurs at Port Molle, Queensland (Coppinger). My largest New South Wales specimen measures 18 x 10 mm., in accordance with the dimensions given in the Manual of Conchology; but I have South Australian examples 22mm. long. It must be admitted, however, that they are not so presentable as those from the eastern colony. —— a BEDNALL: SOUTH AUSTRALIAN POLYPLACOPHORA. 151 20. Carron tricostaLis, Pilsbry. Chiton (canaliculatus, var.?) tricostalis, Pilsbry: Nautilus, vol. vin (1894), p. 54. This is a handsomely sculptured shell, though somewhat sombre in hue. For many years I referred it to C. muricatus, Adams [Le. C. limans, Sykes]; and under that name sent it to Mr. Pilsbry, who, however, found it to be a new species. Length of type 17, breadth llmm. I have since obtained examples 30 mm. long by 18 broad. Hab.—Sultana Bay and Troubridge Shoal, at very low tides, under blocks of limestone; also dredged in St. Vincent's Gulf by Dr. Verco. Mr. E. H. Matthews has a seven-valved specimen of the shell in his collection. 21. Curton cattiozona, Pilsbry. Pl. XII, Fig. 6. Chiton [aereus, var.] calliozona, Pilsbry: Nautilus, vol. viii (1894), p- 90. Of the true Chitons this is our largest species, and, moreover, exceedingly handsome. The description given by Mr. Pilsbry is exhaustive; but he appears to have had from me for the purpose but an ordinary-sized speci- men—17 X 9mm. One now before me is quite 45 x 23 mm.; and Mr. E. H. Matthews, who should be credited with the discovery of this fine species, is in possession of shells 50 x 25 mm. He has lately obtained specimens beautifully blotched in some of the valves with chocolate brown. Hab.— Sultana Bay, at low-water, under blocks of limestone; also dredged in the same locality. 22. Curron sucosus, Gould. Chiton jugosus, Gould: Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11 (1846), p. 142. Chiton concentricus, Reeve : Conch. Icon. (1847), sp. 95. : : ; , Chiton calliozona Two or three specimens of this Chiton were in Pilsbry. the local collections credited to South Australia, but they could not be satisfactorily accounted for. However, during the Easter vacation 1896 several examples were obtained by Dr. W. G. Torr, at Port Willunga. 23. Curron Coxr, Pilsbry. Chiton Coxi, Pilsbry: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1894, p. 85. A specimen of this shell obtained by me many years ago from Kangaroo Island, remained in my collection as C. concentricus, 152 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Reeve, and on this authority I believe that species is included in Mr. Adcock’s list. A closer examination of specimens recently secured at Sultana Bay proves that they are conspecific with C. Cozi, from Port Jackson. fab.—Kangaroo Island and Southern Yorke Peninsula (South (Australia) ; Port Jackson (New South Wales). It isa prettily- marked species, of a bronze-green colour throughout, and is allied to the preceding. 24. Curron Exopranpvus, n.sp. Pl. XII, Fig. 7. Oblong, strongly elevated with acute dorsal keel and straight side slopes. Cream or brownish-white, heavily blotched on some valves with reddish-brown, sparsely maculated with dots along the ridge, and more or less mottled with the same colour or with pinkish-brown on the other valves, the markings tending to form arcuate longitudinal streaks on the ‘lateral areas and end valves. Girdle rose - purple or reddish- brown, with whitish narrower bars opposite the sutures. A whitish wedge or triangle spreads backward from the mucro on the tail valve. Median valves acutely beaked (when not eroded), the beaks but slightly projecting on the straight or concave posterior margins of valves, which at the sides are regularly and closely serrate. Central areas with a smooth wedge-shaped band along the narrowly rounded ridge (wider and triangular in valve 11); the Ca } pleura with about fourteen to eighteen strong, ee narrow, rounded, longitudinal ribs, about as \ = . . . . . . BOE Ly wide as their intervals; six or eight inner Ne . . ee’ grooves on each side, shorter, not extending to the anterior edge of valves (short grooves on Chiton exoptandus, — valve ii more numerous); the grooves becoming “SP: smaller towards umbones. Lateral areas well raised, with some arcuate, coarse, irregular wrinkles in the direction of erowth- lines, bipartite by a median radial sulcus, more or less interrupted into a series of triangular or long pits, whilst in some specimens the areas are trisulcate on some or all valves. Valve 1, short, erect, the anterior slope straight and shorter than the sutural margins; apex free and erect; sutural margin emarginate ; sculptured with eighteen to twenty radial, pitted grooves, the riblets more less crenulated. Valve vil, small, with post-central decurved mucro, the posterior slope concave, sculptured with radial grooves and riblets. Interior pink, or purplish where marked outside with brown ; sinus extremely narrow (1mm. wide). Valve i with eight slits; ii to vii, 1-1; viii, ten slits. Girdle clothed with very convex, smooth, and polished scales, measuring slightly over °5 mm. in width. Length 27-28, breadth 14-15 mm.; divergence 97 degrees. | f a BEDNALL!: SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CHITONS. 5933 Hab.—Dredged generally in St. Vincent’s Gulf. Also taken under blocks of Tancstone, Sultana Bay. Most nearly allied to C. Bednaili, but the sulci of the pleura are more numerous, and many more of ‘them are short, not attaming the anterior border of valve toward the beaks. The sulci of the pleura are continued and curved inward upon the slope of the diagonal line. The outer slope of each individual rib of the pleura is more abrupt than the inner, giving a somewhat imbricate effect. Chiton Cox? differs from this species in having fewer sulci on the pleura, unsculptured lateral areas, and non-serrate sutures. 25. Carton Bepnatu, Pilsbry. Pl. XII, Fig. Chiton Bednalli, Pilsbry, Nautilus, ix (1895), p. 90. Hab. — Sultana Bay, Yorke Peninsula, one spechmen. ae This form is very closely alhed to C. exoptandus. \ The latter differs, however, conspicuously in Ca coloration. 26. Lortca votvox (Reeve). Chiton volvox, Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 31; Pilsbry, Man. Conch., ser. I, vol. xiv, p. 287, pl. lu, figs. 14-21. Chiton cimolius, Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 141. This well-known New South Wales species occurs in South Australian waters at three localities in St. Vincent’s Gulf, viz.: Port Willunga, Marino, and Sultana Bay, where it is obtained at low tides under blocks of stone. It is not a scarce shell, and it is therefore Chiton Bednalli, Pils. curious that it is omitted from Mr. Angas’ Last; he, however, mentions it as occurring at Port Lincoln in a list of New South Wales shells published in the Proc. Zool. Soe. 27. Lortcerta Aneast (Ad. & Angas). Lorica Angasi, H. Adams & Angas: Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 1938 ; Pilsbry, Man. Conch., ser. I, vol. xiv, p. 238, pl. hy, figs. 9-13; Proc. Acad. Nat Sci. Philad. 1894, p. 87. Hab.—Sultana Bay (Matthews); Rapid Bay (Angas); Holdfast Bay (Bednall) ; New South Wales (Cox, Brazier). This form is by no means easily obtained, and for the reason, I believe, that it is located in deeper water I was fortunate on one occasion in getting a very fine specimen, which was on a large frond of fucus, thrown up on the beach after a heavy gale. The differences between this and the preceding species have been noted by Dr. Carpenter, and reproduced in the Manual of Conchology. The peculiar features of LZ. Angasi have subsequently been indicated in Pilsbry’s paper on the Port Jackson Chitons. VOL. I1.—APRIL, 1897. 11 154 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 28. PraxipHoRA PETHOLATA (Sby.). Chiton petholatus, Sby.: Mag. Nat. Hist., n.s., vol. iv (1840), p. 289; Conch. Illust., figs. 64, 65. Plaxiphora petholata, Pilsbry: Man. Conch., ser. I, vol. xiv, p. 823, pl. lxvui, figs. 62-7. This is the commonest Chiton of the rocky portions of the South Australian coast-line, and it may be taken in numbers at nearly high- water mark between the crevices of the rocks just as the incoming tide reaches them. /P. petholata attains to a large size, specimens frequently measuring 95 mm. in length, by 55 in width. 29. PuaxipHora conspersa (Ad. & Ang.). Chetopleura conspersa, Adams & Angas: Proc. Zool. Soe. 1864, p. 193. Plaxiphora petholata var. conspersa, Pilsbry: Man. Conch., ser. I, vol. xiv, p. 324. Although not a common species, many specimens have now been collected by me when in company with Mr. E. H. Matthews. They are quite distinct from P. petholata in any stage of growth, and, moreover, have a different habitat, for whereas P. petholata i is only taken on rocky coasts on which the surf beats heav ily, P. conspersa occurs in company with the Ischnochitons under blocks of stone in comparatively smooth water. The principal superficial differences appear to be that P. conspersa is more elevated, and the lateral areas, instead of having a narrow, finely corrugated, diagonal riblet, separating them from the pleural tract, are defined by two coarsely nodulous riblets, one on each side of the area, the intervening space having similar sculpturing to that on the body of the shell. Length (largest specimen) 30, breadth 18 mm. Hab.—‘‘ Under rocks, Port Lincoln. A beautiful and rare species” (Angas); North Arm, Port Adelaide, on Pinna (Bednall); Sultana Bay, Yorke Peninsula (Matthews and Bednall). In none of these localities does P. petholata occur. Under the heading Teratology, in the Introduction to vol. xiv of the Manual, p. xii, Mr. Pilsbry writes :—‘‘ The occurrence of six- and seven-valved Chitons has been noted as early as the time of Linneeus. It is likely that the stx-valved were artificial fabrications, although a certain number may perhaps be traced to incorrect drawings.” Mr. Matthews is in possession of a veritable stw-valved specimen of P. conspersa! 30. PraxipHora crauca (Quoy & Gaim.). Chiton glaucus, Quoy & Gaim.: Voy. Astrolabe, Zool. i, p. 376, pl dixxive fies. (11. Plaxiphora glauca, Pilsbry : Man. Conch., ser. I, vol. xiv, p. 325, pl. Ixvin, figs. 68-72. It has been my good fortune at the last moment to become possessed of a specimen, although only a small one, of this species. It was BEDNALL: SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CHITONS. 155 obtained at a part of the coast-line of Southern Yorke Peninsula that is very seldom visited. I ascertained that, although living in the same neighbourhood as P. petholata, it is easily distinguished by its bright green girdle and the different nature of the bristle, and also that it attains a larger size. When dried the girdles of both species assume the same appearance; but there is no difficulty in separating the species, for the valves of P. glauca are not corrugated as are those of P. petholata. I do not think there is any doubt that Mr. Pilsbry is right in his surmise that this ‘‘is probably the form Angas collected at Guichen Bay, South Australia, and listed as P. ciliata.” 31. ACANTHOCHITES ASBESTOIDES (Smith). Chiton (Acanthochiton) asbestoides (Cpr. MS.), Smith: Zool. Coll. H.M.S. ‘‘ Alert,” p. 838, pl. vi, fig. G; Pilsbry, Man. Conch., ser. I, vol. xv, p- 17, pl. 11, fig. 55. Acanthochites asbestoides, Cpr. : Pilsbry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1894, p. 79, pl. iii, figs. 16-20. The description of the species is fully given by Mr. E. A. Smith, and the salient features of the shell have further been recapitulated by Mr. Pilsbry. One specimen in my collection, were it not curled, would measure 20 mm. in length. fab.—Southern Yorke Peninsula (common); Rapid Bay, east side of St. Vincent’s Gulf; Port Molle (Queensland). I have also specimens collected in Hobson’s Bay (Victoria), which should confirm the locality of the type-specimen in the British Museum. 32. AcanrHocuites Bepnatut, Pilsbry. Acanthochites Bednalli, Pilsbry: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1894, p. 81, pl. 1, figs. 7-11. To the very full description of the above shell, Mr. Pilsbry adds the following :-—‘ The species is closely alhed to ‘A. granostriatus, but the valves are more solid; the dorsal areas are much more deeply str ated longitudinally ; that of valve viii is largely broken into granules. The sutural lamine in A. Bednalli are greenish; the pustules of the side areas are somewhat larger and rather less regularly arranged in longitudinal series. A. Bednalli ditfers from A. Coxi in having much more conspicuous and silky sutural tufts, in the colour of the interior and sutural lamine, in the flat pustules, and in lacking the curved diagonal rib, which in A. Cozi extends from the apex of each median valve to its lateral shts.’”? Length 13, breadth 6°5 mm. Hab.—Occurs plentifully in company with A. asbestoides at Sultana Bay, Yorke Peninsula, under very small stones, near high-water mark. I do not yet know it from any other locality. 33. ACANTHOCHITES GRANOsTRIATUS, Pilsbry. Acanthochites granostriatus, Pilsbry: Nautilus, vol. vii (1894), p. 119; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1894, p. 81, pl. ui, figs. 1- 6, pl. iv, fig. 37. This species was included amongst a number of Chitons submitted 156 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. by me to Mr. Pilsbry, who attached the following note: ‘ Differs from Port Jackson types in colouring somewhat, but is the same thing in sculpture practically.” Hab.—Two examples were obtained in company with A. asbestoides and A. Bednalli, Pils., at Sultana Bay, Yorke Peninsula. Since obtained plentifully at Hardwicke Bay, Spencer Gulf. The type- specimens were collected at Port Jackson and Port Hacking, New South Wales, by Dr. J. C. Cox. 34. Acantrnocuitrs spEctosus (H. Ad.). Cryptoplax (Notoplax) speciosus, H. Adams: Proc. Zool. Soc. 1861, 385 p- : A canthochites ue H. Ad.: Pilsbry, Man. Conch., ser. I, vol. xv, . 32, pl. 1, figs. 23-6. A canthochites CX toplac) speciosus, H. Ad.: Pilsbry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1894, p. 83, pl. iv, figs. 31-3. This species is scarce in collections, because seldom taken whilst shore gathering. Hab.—St. Vincent’s Gulf, fine specimens dredged alive by Dr. J. C. Verco, attached to sponges, ete. ; Southern Yorke Peninsula, amongst rocks; also Flinders Island, Bass Straits ; Tasmania. 35. Acantuocuites (Nororrax) Marrnewst, Bedn. & Pilsbry. Acanthochites Matthewsi, Bednall & Pilsbry: Nautilus, vol. vii (1894), p- 120; (Notoplax?) Pilsbry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1894, p. 83, pl. iv, figs. 27-380. A very beautiful and unique Chiton, sent me some four or five years ago by Mr. Matthews, who took it during an extremely low tide in Sultana Bay, Yorke Peninsula. I sent it to Mr. Pilsbry, who pronounced it to be new, with sculpture ‘‘ extremely peculiar, and different from that of any previously known member of the family Acanthochitide.” Length 26, breadth 8 mm. (a dried specimen). 36. ACANTHOCHITES ate VARIABILIS (Ad. & Angas). Hanleya variabilis, Ad. & Ang.: Proe. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 194; Pilsbry, Man. ae ser. I, vol. xv, p. 101. Acanthochites (Notoplax ?) variabilis, Pilsbry: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1894, p. 84. A small oblong shell, the whole surface of which is ornamented with small pustules. Mr. Pilsbry, in 1893, placed it amongst ‘‘Insufficiently described Chitons”? (Appendix II, vol. xv, of the “Manual of Conchology ”); but in the following year, in his ‘“‘ Review of Australian Acanthochitide ” (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia), included it as a probable Wotoplax. I collected one specimen at Rapid Bay, and a second at Kangaroo Island. Visiting Mr. E. H. Matthews on Yorke Peninsula, I took them with me, and on looking through his material found several others, whilst our first excursion resulted in the capture of many more specimens. At my request, Mr. Matthews has ce — BEDNALL: SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CHITONS. 157 since made a careful microscopic examination of the species in order to ascertain its true generic position, and the following are his notes :— ‘‘ Anterior valve has five broad ribs, and the insertion plate is one- third as long as the front slope, carrying five deep slits; central valves 1-1; posterior insertion plates short, with five oblique slits. Sinus wide, square, and very porous. Girdle narrow, corneous, densely covered with minute hyaline spicules, fringed with longer spicules on the edge. Sutural tufts of long horn-coloured spicule at valve sutures, seven on each side; four tufts on anterior valve alternately with ribs. There are two colour varieties of this species— one being creamy white, having the side slopes mottled with olive green, and a brown streak along the ridge from valves 1-7; the other variety is dark brown or black with whitish markings. Distinct from Hanleya by reason of slits and insertion plates, and from